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NOKTIK AROMNA
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THE COLI.FX TION OF
NORTH CAROLINIANA

C917.05
N87m

2001/2002
C.2

UNIVERSITY OF N.C. AT CHAPEL HILL

00025326512

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This book may be kept out one month unless a recall
notice is sent to you. It must be brought to the North
Carolina Collection (in Wilson Library) for renewal.

Form No. A-369

The Gifting

To add fair aspect to a state so fair
Bids fair to seem as pointless as the actor's foil

That scores a touch yet does no harm
And gives a fleeting moment's grace
To eternal drama taking place
Within our Carolina landscape where
The artist's toil
Takes for its matter sea and mountain, city street and farm.

The artist from God's Nature and his own nature takes

Nothing away
That is not given back in freshened guise
To bring our minds and senses to consider
How^ w^e might measure us to better
Standard, as when a new light breaks
Upon us from an unforeseeably brightened day
And lifts habitual blindness from our eyes

In our fair Carolina may we strive
To find within our mind and spirit, flesh and blood

Lineaments of that high ideal

That Thomas Wolfe so arduously pursued,
That Randall Jarrell recognized as real

And everywhere most vividly alive.

And may the artists bring their gifts of seeing

To seemly Carolina's place of being

Fred Chappell
North Carolina State Poet laureate

DEDICAIION

printing information

This publication is printed on permanent, acid-free paper in compliance with
the General Statutes of North Carolina. 5,000 copies of this document were printed
at a total cost of $ 53,750.00 or $ 10.75 per copy.

NOI^IH CAROLINA

>2,

North Carolina Department of the Secretary of State

Executive

Elaine F. Marshall North Carolina Secretary of State

Rodney Maddox Chief Deputy Secretary of State

George Jeter Director of Communications

Publications Division

Sam Stowe Director of Publications

Linda Wise Editorial Assistant

Cathy Moss Editorial Assistant

mailing address

NC Department of the Secretary of State

PO Box 29622

Raleigh NC 27626-0622

Web site address

www.sosnc.com

SbCKblAkYOI-SIAIt

A Message from the North Carolina Secretary of State

For nearly a century, the North Carolina Manual has served as an accurate and
thorough reference source for North Carohna state government and poUtics. In
fact, I cannot think of another source for these topics as comprehensive as the one
you are currentl)' holding in your hand.

Americans in general and North CaroHnians in particular have always emphasized
the importance of an informed citizenry in maintaining the health of our democracy.
The North Carolina Manual sen-es to inform all of us about what our government
does and who makes decisions that affect us. The manual helps the states various
executive branch agencies, universities and colleges and other institutions educate
the people of North Carolina about their respective missions. In turn, I think, this
manual reminds us that state government — and the political process — is not
some faceless machine, but a human creation that functions only as well as the
wisdom and sound judgment of the people who lead it.

The North Carolina Manual also helps put a face on North Carolina itself for the
many people outside our state who may wonder what kind of place North Carolina
is and what its residents are like. Our state, as all of us know, enjoys a combination

NORTH CAROLINA

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of scenic beauty, diversity of natural resources and quality of living thai is unmatched
by any other state in the United States. It is also a place where people accomplish
some pretty remarkable goals without undue or excessive public pride or
boastfulness. North Carolina's greatest resource throughout its four centuries of
existence has been its people. Our state has provided far more than its fair share of
regional and national leaders in politics, journalism, science, technology, business,
industry, national defense and education. 1 think we will see, as this new century
continues to unfold, that many of the solutions to the challenges facing us as a
nation will first take root in North CaroUna. Our state, in man)' respects, is a ver)'
humble, unpretentious giant.

If this edition of the North Carolina Manual is your first exposure to our stale,
1 would like to thank you for taking an interest in North Carolina. As any of our
residents can tell you, it is an interest that will repay you many limes over. Enjoy!

Elaine F. Marshall

N.C. Secretary of State

bbCRETAl^YOhSIAlb

Introduction

l\\lKaiion by I'rccl Chappcll, North Carolina Slate Poet Laureate 2

North Carolina Department oi the Secretar)' of State 5

A Message tVom the North Carolina Secrelaiy of State 6

North Carolina Photo Callery by Bill Russ 20

Chapter one

North Carolina's State S\'mbols 54

Chapter two

North Carolina's Beginnings 94

Chapter three

Our Constitutions: An Historieal Perspective 110

Chapter four

The Council ot State and the Executive Branch 173

The Office of the Gox'ernor 181

Nhchael ¥. Easley 186

Office of the Lieutenant Governor 203

Beverly Eaves Perdue 204

Departnient of the Secretaiy of State 207

Elaine E Marshall 212

Office of the State Auditor 220

Ralph Campbell, Jr 221

Department of State Treasurer 224

Richard H. Moore 229

Department of Public Instruction 235

Michael E. Ward 239

Office of the Attorney General 242

Roy A. Cooper 250

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 258

Meg Scott Phipps 268

Department of Labor 271

Cherie K. Berry 277

Department of Insurance 280

James Eugene Long 284

Department of Administration 286

Gwynn T. Swinson 293

Department of Commerce 296

James T. Fain, III 3Q3

Department of Correction 306

Theodis Beck 312

Department of Crime Control and Public Safety 315

Bryan E Beaty 324

Department of Cultural Resources 326

Lisbeth Evans 336

Department of Environment and Natural Resources 338

William G. Ross 348

Department of Health and Human Services 351

Carmen Hooker Odom 360

Department of Revenue 362

E . Norris Tolson 368

Department of Transportation 371

Walter Lyndo Tippett 381

Office of the State Controller 383

Robert L. Powell 384

State Board of Elections 386

Gary O. Bartlett 389

Office of Administrative Hearings 390

Office of State Personnel 392

Thomas H. Wright 394

Department of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention 396

George L. Sweat 399

"ABLE Oh CON I tN I S

Chapter five

The State Legislature ^+^^1

George Rubin Hall, Jr 406

2001 North Carolina Senate 409

Marc Basnight 415

Frank W Ballance, Jr 416

Anthony E. Rand 417

Patrick J. Ballantine 418

Luther H.Jordan, Jr 419

James S. Forrester, MD 420

Charles W. Albertson 421

Austin Murphy AUran 422

Philipp E. Berger 423

Stan Bingham 424

Robert C. Carpenter 425

John H. Carrington 426

Charles Newell Carter, Jr 427

Daniel G. Clodfelter 428

Kames Calvin Cunningham 429

Walter Harvey Dalton 430

Charlie Smith Dannelly 431

Virginia Foxx 432

Linda Garrou 433

John Allen Garwood 434

Wib Gulley 435

Kay Hagan 436

Oscar N. Harris 437

Fletcher Lee Hartsell, Jr 438

Hamikon C. Horton, Jr 439

Dav^d William Hoyle 440

John Hosea Kerr, 111 441

Eleanor Gates Kinnaird 442

Howard N. Lee 443

Jeanne Hopkins Lucas 444

Robert Lafayette Martin 445

William Nelson Martin 446

Stephen Michael Metcalf 447

Brad Miller 448

Kenneth Ray Moore 449

2001 N.C. Senate (continued)

Thomas LaFontaine Odom, Sr . 45Q

Aaron Wesley Plyler 45^

William Robert Purcell, MD 452

Eric Miller Reeves 453

McDaniel "Dan" Robinson 454

Robert Anthony Rucho 455

Larry Shaw 455

Robert G. Shaw 457

Robert Charles Soles, Jr 458

Alvin B . Swindell 459

Scott E. Thomas 450

Ed Nelson Warren 461

Hugh B. Webster 462

David Franklm Weinstein 463

Allen Hewitt Wellons 464

2001-2002 N.C. Senate Committees 468

2001 N.C. House of Representatives 473

James Boyce Black 483

Joe Hackney 484

Philip A. Baddour, Jr 485

N. Leo Daughtr}^ 486

Andrew Thomas Dedmon 487

Beverly Earle 488

William Franklin Mitchell 489

Alma S. Adams 490

Martha Bedell Alexander 4^)1

Gordon Phillip Allen, Sr 492

Gary D. Allred 493

Gene Grey Arnold '♦■94

Rex Levi Baker 495

Bobby Harold Barbee, Sr 496

Daniel Wilson Barefoot 497

Jeffrey L. Barnhart 498

Larry M. Bell 499

Daniel T Blue, Jr 500

TABLb Oh CON I bN I S

2001 N.C. House of Rcprescnuuives (continued)

John M. Blusi 501

Donald Allen Bonner 502

Joanne W. Bowie 503

Flossie Boyd-Mclniyre 504

Harold James Rruhaker 505

Charles Franklin Buchanan 506

J. Russell Lapps 507

Margaret M. Carpenter 508

Walter Greene Church, Sr 509

Debbie A. Claiy 510

Lorene Thomason Coates 511

Edward Nelson Cole 512

A. Leslie Cox, Jr 513

James W Crawford, Jr 514

Mark Crawford, Jr 515

Billy James Creech 516

Arlie Franklin Culp 517

William T. Culpepper, 111 518

William Pete Cunningham 519

Donald Spencer Davis 520

Michael Paul Decker, Sr 521

Jerr)- Charles Dockham 522

Ruih M. Easterling 523

Rick Louis Eddins 524

Zeno L. Edwards, Jr 525

J. Samuel Ellis 526

Theresa H. Esposito 527

Milton E Fitch, Jr 528

Stanley Harold Fox 529

Pr)-or Allan Gibson, 111 530

Robert Mitchell Gillespie 531

George Wa)Tie Goodwin 532

W Robert Grady 533

L\'ons Gray 534

2001 N.C. House of Representatives (continued)

Jim Gulley 5^5

Robert Pliillip Haire 53^

John D. Hall '^[ 537

Michael Harrington 33g

Robert J. Hensley, Jr 539

William S. Hiatt 54Q

Dewey Lewis Hill 54I

Mark Kelly Hinton 542

L, Hugh Holliman 543

George Milton Holmes 544

Julia Craven Howard 545

Howard J. Hunter, Jr 545

John W Hurley 547

Verla Clemens Insko 548

Mary Long Jarrell 549

Margaret A. Jeffus 550

Linda P. Johnson 551

Larry Thomas Justus 552

Joe Leonard Kiser 553

Marvin W. Lucas 554

Paul Luebke 555

Mary E. McAllister 556

Daniel Francis McComas 557

Willard Eugene McCombs 558

Marian Nelson McLawhorn 559

William Edwin McMahan 560

Henry M. Michaux, Jr 561

Paul Miller 562

David Morris Miner 563

Richard Timothy Morgan 564

Amelia A.H. Morris 565

Martin Luther Nesbitt, Jr 566

EddNye 567

Warren Claude Oldham 568

William Clarence Owens, Jr 569

FABLE Oh CON I bN I S

2001 N.C. House of Representatives (continued)

James Arthur Pope 570

Jean Rouse Preston 571

John M Rayfield 572

Edward Da\id Redwine 573

Richard Eugene Rogers 574

Carol)'n B . Russell 575

Drew Paschal Saunders 576

Mitchell Smith Setzer 577

Paul Wa)Tie Sexton, Sr 578

Wilma M. Sherrill 579

Fern H. Shubert 580

Ronald Lynwood Smith 581

Edgar Y Starnes 582

Ronnie Neal Sutton 583

WB. league, Jr 584

Gregor}' James Thompson 585

Joe R Tolson 586

Russell E. Tucker 587

Alice G. Underhill 588

William L. Wamwright 589

Trudi Walend 590

R. Tracy Walker 591

Alex Warner 592

Edith D. Warren 593

Nurham Osbie Warwick 594

John Huch Weatherly 595

Jennifer Weiss 596

Thomas Roger West 597

Shelly Willingham 598

Constance K. Wilson 599

William Eugene Wilson 600

Lany W Womble 601

Thomas Edward Wright 602

Douglas Yates Yongue 603

2001-2002 N.C. House Ceimmittees 607

2003-2004 Senate Roster 615

2003-2004 House Roster 617

Chapter six

The Judicial Branch 523

N.C. Supreme Court 53 1

1. Beverly Lake, Jr 537

Sarah E. Parker 533

Robert Holt Edmunds, Jr 539

Robert EOrr 540

Mark D. Martin 641

George L. Wainwright, Jr 642

G.K. Butterheld, Jr 643

Administrative Office of the Courts 644

N.C. Supreme Court of Appeals 646

Sidney Smith Eagles, Jr 646

K. Edward Greene 647

James Andrew Wynn, Jr 648

John Charles Martin 649

Ralph A. Walker 650

Linda M. McGee 651

Patricia Timmons-Goodson 652

Robert Carl Hunter 653

John Douglas McCullough 654

Robin E . Hunter 655

John Marsh Tyson 656

Hugh B. Campbell, Jr 657

Albert S. Thomas, Jr 658

Loretta Copeland Biggs 659

Wanda G. Bryant 660

N.C. Superior Court Judges 661

N.C. District Court Judges i^(^-+

N.C. District Attorneys <^71

TABLt Oh (.ON I bN I S

2^ Chapter seven

L NC Sxsicni Colleges and I'niversilies 675

Mollv Corbell Broad 678

Appalachian Stale U ni versily 680

Francis T. Borkowski 681

Easi Carolina Uni\'ersily 682

Richard Ronald Eakin 693

lilizabeih Cii\' Stale University 684

Mickey L. Burnini 685

Fayelteville State University 687

Willis B. McLeod 689

N.C. Agricultural and Technical Slate University 690

Dr. James Carmichael Renick 691

North Carolina Central University 693

James H. Amnions 695

N.C. School of the Arts 697

N.C. Slate University 698

Maiye Anne Fox 703

University of North Carolina at Asheville 705

James Hayes Mullen 706

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 707

Dr. James Moeser 712

University of North Carolina at Charlotte 713

lames H. Woodward 715

University of North Carolina at Greensboro 716

Patricia A. Sullivan 719

University of North Carolina at Pembroke 720

Dr. Allen C. Meadors 722

University of North Carolina at Wilmington 723

James R. Leutze 724

Western Carolina University 725

John William Bardo 726

Winston-Salem State University 728

Harold L. Martin, Sr 729

Chapter eight

N. C. Community College System 731

H . Martin Lancaster 733

Chapter nine

Private Colleges and Universities 781

Chapter ten

North Carolina Political Parties 787

2002 Democratic Party of North Carolina Platform 787

2002 Libertarian Party of North Carolina Platform 811

2002 Republican Party of North Carohna Platform 819

lABLbOhLuNltNIS

Chapter eleven

United Slates Governmcni 833

Constitution of the I'nited States 845

Amendments to the LIS. Coiistitution 856

George Walker Bush 866

Richard B. Cheney 867

One Hundred and Sex'enth U.S. Congress 871

Jesse Hehrrs 872

John Edwards 873

House ot Representatives 874

Eva McPherson Clavton 875

Bob Ethendge 876

Walter B. Jones, Jr 877

David Eugene Prtce 878

Richard Burr 879

J. Howard Coble 880

Mike Mclntyre 881

Robin Cannon Hayes 882

Sue Myrick 883

Thomas Cass Ballenger 884

Charles H. Taylor 885

Melvm Watt 886

United Slates Judiciary 887

United States District Court m North Carolina 888

James Carroll Fox 889

Malcolm Jones Howard 890

W Earl Brut 891

N. Carlton Tilley, Jr 892

Frank William Bullock, Jr 893

William L. Osleen 894

James A. Beaty, Jr 895

Richard Cannon Erwin 896

Hiram Hamilton Ward 897

Graham C. Mullen 898

Richard Lesley Voorhees 899

Lacy H. Thornburg 900

Robert D. Potter 901

Chapter twelve

Counties and Their Governments 903

Chapter thirteen

Elections and Voting Records 960

The North Carolina Electoral College 964

North Carolina Voter Registration - 2002 968

2000 General Election for U.S. President 976

2000 General Election for U.S. House of Representatives 980

2000 General Election for Governor 988

2000 General Election for N.C. Council of State 992

2002 Primaries for U.S. Senate 994

2002 Primaries for U.S. House of Representatives 1010

2002 General Election for U.S. Senate 1014

2002 General Election for U.S. House 1019

Chapter fourteen

North Carolina Population Data 1029

2001 Certified County Population Estimates 1032

2000-2009 Projected Annual County Population 1040

2001 Municipal Population Estimates 1048

Chapter fifteen

Foreign Consuls in North Carolina 1069

TABLb Oh

For nearly 20 years, the \isual images that shape the worlds perceptions of what
North Carolina looks like and what it means to be a North Carolinian have been
products of the artistic genius of Bill Russ. Russ, a North Carolina native, works
for the N.C. Department of Commerces Division of Tourism, Film and Sports
Development. His brief is a simple one: use his remarkable gifts as a
professional photographer to capture the very essence of our state ~ every square
inch of it — and present it to the world. Russ sees himself as a "reporter of visual
scenes." He adds succinctly, "I capture and document." For North Carolina,
though, Russ' eye for detail, texture and stoiy has forged an impressive \dsual
record of all of North Carolina, from the mountains to the Piedmont and the
coast. The North Carolina Manual is honored to provide a show of his work m
this years edition.

NORTH CAROLINA POWDER SKIING

NORTH CAROLINA

WRIGHT BROTHERS MEMORIAL AT KITTY HAWK

PHOTO GALLERV

NORTH CAf^OLINA

HISTORIC BETHABARA

PHOTO GALLERY

SEA KAYAKING

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FOOTHILLS EQUESTRIAN CENTER, TRYON

NORTH CAROLINA

NORTH CAROLINA SANDHILLS GOLF

BUILDING SAND CASTLES ON THE BEACH

PHOTO GALLtRY

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GUILFORD COURTHOUSE NATIONAL MILITARY PARK

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STATE AQUARIUM, FORT FISHER

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NORTH CAI^OLINA

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NORIH CAROLINA

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NORTH CAROLINA TRANSPORTATION MUSEUM, SPENCER

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SOMERSET PLANTATION, CRESWELL

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SHOPPING IN CASHIERS

PEARSON'S FALLS

PISGAH NATIONAL FOREST

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N.C. ZOOLOGICAL PARK, ASHEBORO

AMERICAN DANCE FESTIVAL

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N.C. MUSEUM OF ART, RALEIGH

DUKE CHAPEL, DURHAM

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PRDTD OTECERY

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Note: All photographs in this section were
taken by Bill Russ. We would like to thank
Russ and the Division of Tourism, Film and
Sports Development, N.C. Department of
Commerce, for allowing us to re-prim these
photographs in the North Carolina Manual

PHOIO GALLbRY

NORTH CAROLINA

Lords Proprietor Seal

Albemarle Seal 1665-1730

North Carolina's State
Symbols

Like every other state m the U.S. and nearly every country m the world, North
Carolinas state government has selected a wide array of official state s>Tnbols. Some
of these symbols, such as the state seal, are historic reUcs that played an important
legal role earlier in the states history Others are synibols chosen by the N.C. General
Assembly to promote important North Carohna products, natural resources and
human achievements. Some symbols are literally larger than life, particularly such
historic state buildings as the North Carohna Capitol, the N.C. Legislature Building
and the Executive Mansion, the official residence of North Carolinas governor. All
North Carolina symbols share one important function, namely reminding North
Carolinians and the rest of the world of our states cultural character, natural wonders
and rich history.

The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina

The state seal is probably the oldest olficial state symbol. A seal for impoiiani
documents was used before a state government was organized in North Carolina.
During the colonial period North Carolina used four different seals in succession.
Since independence, the state has used six different versions of the seal.

i> I Alb SYMBOLS

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Provincial Seal 1730-1767

Provincial Seal 1767-17/6

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

^hj

State Seal 1779-1794

State Seal 1794 -1836

Shortly after King Charles 11 issued the Charter of 1663 to the Lords Proprietor,
a seal was adopted to use m conjunction with their newly-acquired domains in
America. No official description has been found of the seal but it can be seen in the
British Public Record Office in London. The seal had two sides and was 3 and 3/8
inches in diameter. The mipression was made by bonding two wax cakes together
with tape before being impressed. The finished impression was about a quarter-
mch thick. This seal was used on all official papers of the Lords Proprietor of
Carolina, which at the time included all of the territor}' mside the current borders of
both North Carolina and South Carolina.

When the Government of Albemarle was organized in 1665, it adopted for a
seal the reverse side of the seal of the Lords Proprietor. Between the coat of arms,
the word A-L-B-E-M-A-R-L-E was fixed in capitals beginning with ihc kntcr "A"
between the Craven arms and those of Lord John Berkeley. The Albemarle seal was
small, only 1 and 7/16 mches in diameter, and had only one face. The seal was
usually impressed on red wax, but was occasionally imprinted on a wafer stuck to
the instrument with soft wax. The government for Albemarle County was the first
to use the seal. As the colony grew, it became the seal of the entire Province of North
Carolina. It continued in use until just after the purchase of North Carolina by ihc
crown.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

State Seal 1836 - 1893

State Seal 1893-1971

During ihe troublesome times of the Caiy Rebellion, the Albemarle seal was
not used. Instead, Caiy used his tamily arms as a seal for oflicial papers. William
Glover used his private seal during his presidency as well.

When North Carolina became a royal colony m 1729, the old "Albemarle" seal
was no longer applicable. On February 3, 1730, the Board of Trade recommended
that the king order a public seal for the Province of North Carolina. Later that same
month, the king approved the recommendations and ordered that a new seal be
prepared for the governor of North Carolina. On March 25, the Board of Trade
presented the king with a draft of the proposed seal for his consideration. The king
approved the proposed new seal on April 10 with one minor change: "Georgius
Secundus" v/as to be substituted for the original "Geo. 11." The chief engraver of
seals, Rollos, was ordered to "engrave a silver Seal according to said draught ..."

The arrival of the new seal m North Carolina was delayed; so when the council
met in Edenton on March 30, 1731, the old seal of the colony was ordered to be
used until the new seal arrived. The new seal arrived in late April and the messenger
fetching the seal from Cape Fear was paid £10 for his journey The impression of
the new seal was made by placing two cakes or layers of wax together, then interlacing
ribbon or tape with the attached seal between the wax cakes. It was customar)' to
put a piece of paper on the outside of three cakes before they were impressed. The
complete seal was 4 and 3/8 inches m diameter and from 1/2 to 5/8 inches thick
and weighed about 5 and 1/2 ounces.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

State Seal 1971 - 1984

State Seal 1984 - present

At a meeting of the council held in New Bern on December 14, 1767, Governor
Tryon produced a new great seal of the province with His Majesty's Royal Warrant
from the Court of St. James bearing the date of the 9th day of July 1767. The old
seal was returned to his Majesty's Council office at Whitehall in England.
Accompanying the warrant was a description of the new seal with instructions that
the seal be used to seal all patents and grants of lands and all public instruments
passed in the kings name for service within the province. It was 4 inches in diameter,
1/2 to 5/8 inches thick, and weighed 4 and 1/2 ounces.

Sometimes a smaller seal than the Great Seal was used on commissions and
grants, such as a small heart-shaped seal or a seal in the shape of an ellipse. These
impressions were evidently made by putting the wax far enough under the edge of
the Great Seal to take the impression of the crown. The royal governors also used
their private seals on commissions and grants.

Lord Granville, after the sale of the colony by the Lords Proprietor, retained his
right to issue land grants. He used his private seal on the grants he issued. The last
reference found to the colonial seal is in a letter from Governor Martin to the Earl of
Hillsborough in November, 1771, in which he recounts the broken condition of
the seal. He states the seal had been repaired and though "awkwardly mended. . . |ii
was] in such manner as to answer all purposes."

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Following independence, Section XVII of ihe new consUlulion adopted at Halifax
on December 18, 1776, provided "That there shall be a Seal of this State, which
shall be kept by the Governor, and used by him as occasion may require; and shall
l-)e called the Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, and be affixed to all grants
and commissions." When a new constitution was adopted in 1868, Article III,
Section 16, provided for ". . .a seal of the State, which shall be kept by the Governor,
and used by him, as occasion may require, and shall be called The Great Seal of the
State ot North Carolina." It also provided for the Secretary of State to countersign
with the governor. When the people of North Carolina ratihed the current state
constitution in 1970, Article III, Section 10, contained provisions for "The Great
Seal of the State of North Carolina." However, the wording which authorized the
Secretaiy of State to countersign documents was removed.

On December 22, 1776, the Provincial Congress at Halifax appointed William
Hooper, Joseph Hewes and Thomas Burke as commissioners to procure a seal for
the state. There is no record, however, that the commission ever made a report. The
congress authorized the governor to use his "private seal at arms" until a great seal
for the state was procured. A bill to do just that became law on May 2, 1778. The
legislation appointed William Tisdale, Esq., to cut and engrave a seal for the state.
On Sunday, November 7, 1779, the Senate granted Tisdale £150 to make the seal.
The seal procured under this act was used until 1794. The actual size of the seal
was 3 inches in diameter and 1/4 inch thick. It was made by putting two cakes of
wax together with paper wafers on the outside and pressing them between the dies,
thus forming the obverse and reverse sides of the seal. An ofhcial description of this
seal cannot be found, but many of the seals still in existence are m an almost perfect
state of preservation.

In January, 1792, the General Assembly authorized a new state seal, requiring
that It be prepared with only one side. Colonel Abisha Thomas, an agent of North
Carolina commissioned by Governor Martin, was m Philadelphia to settle the states
Revolutionary War claims against the federal government. Martin sent a design to
Colonel Thomas for a new seal for the state; however, after suggestions by Dr.
Hugh Williamson and Senator Samuel Johnston, this sketch was disregarded and a
new one submitted. This new sketch, with some modification, was finally accepted
by Governor Spaight, and Colonel Thomas had the seal made accordingly.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

The seal press for the old seal had proved unwieldy due to its two-sided nature
and large diameter. Governor Richard Dobbs Spaight in a letter to Colonel Abisha
Thomas in February, 1793, wrote: "Let the screws by which the impression is to be
made be as portable as possible so as it may be adapted to our present itinerant
government. The one now in use by which the Great Seal is at present made is so
large and unwieldy as to be carried only in a cart or wagon and of course has
become stationary at the Secretary's office which makes it very convenient." The seal
was cut some time during the summer of 1793. Colonel Thomas brought it home
with him m time for the meeting of the legislature in November, 1793, at which
session it was "approbated." The screw to the seal was 2 and 1/2 inches in diameter
and was used until around 1835.

In the winter of 1834-35 the legislature enacted legislation authorizing the
governor to procure a new seal. The preamble to the act stated that the old seal had
been used since the first day of March, 1793. A new seal, which was very similar to
its predecessor, was adopted in 1835 and continued in use until 1893. In 1868,
the legislature authorized the governor to procure a new replacement seal and required
him to do so whenever the old one was lost or so worn or defaced that it was unfit
for use. In 1883, Colonel S. McD. Tate introduced a bill that described in more
detail what the seal should be like. In 1893, Jacob Battle introduced a bill to add
the state motto, "Esse Quam Videri," to the foot of the state's coat of arms and the
words "May 20, 1775," to the top of the coat-of-arms. By the late 19th and early
20th century, the ship that appeared in the background of the early seals had
disappeared. The North Carolina mountains formed the only backdrop on the seal.

The 1971 General Assembly in an effort to "provide a standard for the Great
Seal of the State of North Carohna," passed the following act amending the General
Statutes provision relative to the State Seal:

The Governor shall procure of the State a Seal which shall be called the
Great Seal of the State of North Carolina, and shall be two and one-ciuarier
inches in dianieter, and its design shcdl be a representation oj the jigures oj
Liberty and Plenty, looking toward each other, but not more than half-fronting

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

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each other and otherwise disposed as follows: Liberty, the first figure, standing,
her pole with cap on it in her left hand and a scroll with the word "Constitution"
inscribed thereon in her right hand. Plenty, the second figure, sitting down, her
right arm half extended toward Liberty, three heads of grain in her light hand,
and in her left, the small end oj her horn, the mouth of which is resting at her
feet, and the contents oj the horn rolling out.

The background on the seal shall contain a depiction oj mountains mnning
jrom left to right to the middle oj the seal. A side view oj a three-masted ship
shall be located on the ocean and to the right oj Plenty. The date "May 20,
1775" shall appear within the seal and across the top oj the seal and the words
"esse quam videri" shall appear at the bottom around the perimeter No other
words, jigures or other embellishments shall appear on the seal.

It shall be the duty of the Governor to file in the office oj the Secretary oj
State an impression of the great seal, certified to under his hand and attested to
by the Secretary oj State, which impression so certified the Secretary oj State
shall carefully preserve among the records oj this Office.

The laie Julian R. Allsbrook, who served m the North CaroHna Senate for many
years, feh that the adoption date of the HaUfax Resolves ought to be commemorated

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

on the state seal as it was already on the state flag. This was to "serve as a constant
reminder of the people of this states commitment to liberty." Legislation adding the
date "April 12, 1776" to the Great Seal of the State of North Carolina was ratified
May 2, 1983, with an effective date of January 1, 1984. Chapter 257 of the 1983
Session Laws of North Carolina included pro\isions that would not invalidate any
Great Seal of the State of North Carolina m use or on display Instead replacement
could occur as the need arose.

North Carolina State Flag

Flags developed from the earliest recorded human histor)' as symbols designed
to command respect for — and obedience to — the authority of the state. Since
antiquity, nearly all nations and peoples have used flags and emblems, though ancient
superstitions regarding their divme origins and supernatural powers have largely
disappeared. Flags now, the world over, possess the same meaning as a s)Tnbol of
strength, unity, spirit and patriotism. In addition to our national flag, each stale in
the U.S. has a state flag that symbolizes its own individual character. State flags also
express a particular trait or commemorate some specific, important historical event
in state history. Most state flags consist of the states official coat of arms superimposed
upon a suitably colored field.

Legislative records indicate that an official state flag for North Carolina was not
established or recognized until 1861. The constitutional convention of 1861, which
passed the ordinance of secession, adopted a state flag. On May 20, 1861, the day
the secession resolution was adopted, Col. John D. Whitford, a member of the
convention from Craven County introduced an ordinance to create a state flag. The
ordinance specified that the flag should contain a blue field with a white V on it and
a star encircled by the words, "Surgit astrum, May 20, 1775."

Colonel Whitford chaired the committee to which this ordinance was referred.
William Jarl Browne, a Raleigh artist, prepared and submiued a model lo ihc
committee and the convention approved Browne's design on June 22, 1861. The
Browne model differed significantly from the original design proposed by Colonel
Whitford. The law creating the new state flag included this description:

The Flag oj North Cayolina shall consist oj a rcdjidd with a white star in
the centre, and with the inscription, above the star, in a semi-circular form, of
"May 20th, 1775," and below the star, in a semi-circular form, of "May 20(h,
1861." That there shall be two bars of equal width, and the length of the jield
shall be equal to the bar, the width oj the field being equal to both bars: the first
bar shall be blue, and second shall be white: and the length oj the flag shall be
one-third more than Us width. [Ratified the 22nd day of fime, 1801 j

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

This state flag was issued to North Carolina regiments of state troops during
the summer of 1861 and borne by them throughout the war. It was the only flag,
except the national and Confederate colors, used by North Carolina troops during
the Civil War. This version of the flag existed until 1885, when the General Assembly
adopted a new design. General Johnstone Jones introduced the bill to redesign the
state flag on February 5, 1885. The measure passed its hnal reading one month
later after little debate:

An Act to Establish a State Flag

The General Assembly of North Carolina do enact:

Section 1 That the flag of North Carolina shall consist of a blue union, containing
in the centre thereof a white star with the letter N in gilt on the left and the letter C
in gilt on the right of said star, the circle containing the same to be one-third the
v/idth of the union.

Section 2 That the fly of the flag shall consist of two equally proportioned bars;
the upper bar to be red, the lower bar to be white; that the length of the bars
horizontally shall be equal to the perpendicular length of the union, and the total
length of the flag shall be one-third more than its width.

Section 3 That above the star m the centre of the union there shall be a gilt
scroll in semi-circular form, containing m black letters this inscription "May 20th,
1775," and that below the star there shall be similar scroll containing in black
letters the inscription: "April 12th, 1776."

Section 4 That this act shall take effect from and after its ratihcation. In the
General Assembly read three times and ratified this 9th day of March, A.D. 1885.

It is interesting to examine the significance of the dates found on the flag. The
first date, "May 20, 1775," refers to the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence,
although the documents authenticity was in question at the time (and remains so).
The second date appearing on the state flag of 1861, "May 20th, 1861,"
commemorated North Carolina s secession from the Union. When a new flag was
adopted m 1885, this date was replaced with "April 12th, 1776" to commemorate
the Halifax Resolves, which had placed North Carolina m the ver)' front ranks of
those colonies fighting for independence from Britain.

From 1885 to 1991, there was no change m our state llag. The 1991 General
Assembly made minor changes to the flag, changing the length of the flag from 1/3
of its width to 1/2. It also deleted the commas before the year dates. Pubhc use of
the flag has become more common. A 1907 General Assembly act requires state
flag displays at all state institutions, public buildings and court houses.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

The Cardinal - North Carolina State Bird

The cardinal was selected by popular choice as North Carolina's official Stale
Bird on March 4, 1943 (Session Laws, 1943 c. 595; G.S. 145-2). Also known as
the winter redbird, the cardinal is a year-round resident of North Carolina and is
one of the most common birds that inhabit our states gardens, meadows and
woodlands. The male cardinal is red all over, except for the area of its throat and the
region around its bill, which is black. It is about the size of a catbird, only with a
longer tail. The head is conspicuously crested and the large stout bill is red. The
female cardinal is much duller in color with the red confined mostly to the crcsl,
wings and tail. There are no seasonal changes in the cardinals plumage.

Male and female cardinals alike are renowned as a song birds. The cardinals
nest tends to be a rather an untidy affair built of weed stems, grass and similar
materials in low shrubs, small trees or bunches of briars, generally not over four
feet above the ground. Cardinals in North Carolina typically set three eggs each
spring. Further north, cardinals tend to set four eggs in spring. Seeds arc the mainstay
of the cardinals diet, but it will also eat small fruits and insects.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Dogwood - North Carolina State Flower

The General Assembly of 1941 designated the dogwood as the State Flower
(Public Laws, 1941, c. 289; G.S. 145-1). The dogwood is one of the most prevalent
trees in our state and can be found m all parts of the state from the mountains to the
coast. Its blossoms, which appear in early spring and continue on into summer, are
most often found in white, although shades of pink (red) are not uncommon.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

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The Honey Bee - North Carolina State Insect

The General Assembly of 1973 designated the industrious honey bee as the
ofticial State Insect (Session Laws, 1973, c. 55). This industrious creature is
responsible for the annual production of more than $651,000 worth of honey in
the state. The North Carohna Department of Agriculture estimates that, in 1998,
North Carohna had nearly 8,000 honey-producing bee colonies maintained by
apiculturists throughout the state. The department also estimates that each colony
produced an average of 59 lbs. of honey that year, a statewide honey output estimated
for the year at 472,000 lbs. However, the greatest value of honey bees is their role
in the growing cycle as a major contributor to the pollination of North Carolina
crops.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Tlie Pine - North Carolina State Tree

The pine tree was officially designated as the State Tree by the General Assembly
of 1963. (Session Laws, 1963, c.41) The pine is the most common tree found m
North Carolina, as well as the most important one in the history' of our state. During
the colonial and early statehood periods, the states economy centered on products
derived from the pines that grew throughout North Carolina. Many of the crucial
naval stores — resm, turpentine and timber — needed by British and American
merchant mariners and the navies of both nations came from North Carolina. North
Carolina remains a major cultivator of pme trees and producer of pine tree products,
particularly m the building industry The state has also become a major source of
Christmas trees for the entire nation. The North Carolina Department of Agriculture
estimates that the states 1,600 commercial evergreen growers sold $92 million
worth of Christmas trees, wreaths, roping and greenery m 1998. Most of the states
Christmas trees are raised in Ashe, Avery, Alleghany Watauga and Jackson counties
m the North Carolina mountains.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

The Gray Squirrel - North Carolina State Mammal

The General Assembly of 1969 designated the gray squirrel as the official State
Mammal (Session Laws, 1969. c.1207; G.S. 145-5). The gray squirrel is a common
mhabitant of most areas of North Carolina from "the swamps of eastern North Carolina
to the upland hardwood forests of the piedmont and western counties." This tree-
dwelling rodent thrives equally well in an "untouched wilderness" environment and
m urban areas and suburbs. To the delight of hikers and park dwellers alike, this
furry creature is extremely active dunng the day and, like most humans, sleeps at
night. In its favorite habitat — the evergreen coniferous forest — the gray squirrel is
much larger than other species of squirrels, usually driving away the red squirrel
(Tamiascurus) whenever the two species meet. The gray squirrel is not a picky eater.
During the fall and winter months, it survives on a diet of hardwoods, with acorns
providing most of its carbohydrates and proteins. In the spring and summer, its diet
consists of "new growth and fruits" supplemented by early corn, peanuts and the
occasional insect. Many squirrels in cities supplement their natural diet with raids on
bird feeders.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

State Toast

The following toast was officially adopted as the State Toast of North Carolina
by the General Assembly of 1957 (Session Laws, 1957, c.777):

Here's to the land of the long leaf pine.

The summer land where the sun doth shine,

Where the weak grow strong and the strong grow great,

Here's to "Down Home," the Old North State!

Here's to the land of the cotton bloom white.
Where the scuppemong perfumes the breeze at ni^t,
Where the soft southern moss and jessamine mate,
'Neath the murmuring pines of the Old North State!

Here's to the land where the galax grows,
Where the rhododendron's rosette glows.
Where soars Mount Mitchell's summit great.
In the "Land of the Sky," in the Old North State!

Here's to the land where maidens are fair.
Where friends are true and cold hearts rare,
The near land , the dear land, whatever fate
The blest land, the best land, the Old North State!

State Motto

The General Assembly of 1893 (Chapter 145) adopted the words "Esse Quam
Viden" as the states official motto. The legislators directed that these words, along
with the date "20 May 1775," be placed with North Carolina s coat of arms upon the
Great Seal of the State of North Carolina. "Esse Quam Viden" means "to be rather than
to seem." Nearly every U.S. state has adopted a motto, generally in Latin. North
Carolinas motto is quoted from Ciceros essay on friendship (Cicero, dc Ammcitia,
Chapter 26). Until the 1893 act. North Carolina had no motto. It was one of the few-
states which did not ha\'e a motto and the only one of the original thirteen without
one.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

The Emerald - North Carolina State Precious Stone

The General Assembly of 1973 designated the emerald as the official Stale Precious
Stone (Session Laws, 1973, c. 136). A greater variety of minerals, more than 300,
have been found in North Carolina than in any other stale. These minerals include
some of the most valuable and unic[ue gems in the world.

The largest emerald ever found m North Carolina was 1,438 carats and was
found at Hiddenite, near Statesville. The Carolina Emerald, now owned b)' Tiffany
& Company of New York, was also found at Hiddenite m 1970. When cut to
13.14 carats, the stone was valued at the time at $100,000 and became the largest
and finest cut emerald on this continent.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Channel Bass - North Carolina Salt Water Fish

The General Assembly of 1971 designated the Channel Bass (Red Drum) as the
official State Salt Water Fish (Session laws, 1971, c.274; G.S. 145-6). Channel bass
can usually be found m large numbers along the Tar Heel coastal waters. The N.C.
Division of Marine Fisheries lists the current state saltwater record and world all-
tackle record for a red drum as a 94-lb. specimen caught on Hatteras Island m
1984. Other channel bass taken off the North Carolina coast have weighed up to
75 pounds, although most large catches average between 30 and 40 pounds. North
Carolina currently limits sport anglers to no more than one channel bass longer
than 18 inches per day and none over 27 inches. The state does not permit sales of
channel bass over 27 inches. Federal law currently prohibits fishing for channel
bass any further out than three miles from the coast. The N.C. Division of Marine
Fisheries estimates that recreational anglers landed 64,782 channel bass totaling
326,573 lbs. m 1999.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

The Scotch Bonnet - North Carolina State Shell

The General Assembly of 1965 designated the Scotch Bonnet (pronounced bonc-
AY) as the official State Shell (Session Laws, 1965, c. 681). A colorful and beautifull)--
shaped shell, the Scotch Bonnet (Phalium granulatum) is abundant in North Carolina
coastal waters at depths between 500 and 200 feet. The best source of live specimens is
from offshore commercial fishermen.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Eastern Box Turtle - North Carolina State Reptile

The General Assembly of 1979 designated the eastern box turtle as the official
State Reptile of North Carolina (Session Laws, 1979, c. 154). The turtle is one of
natures most useful creatures. Through its dietary habits it helps control harmful
insect pests. The turtle also serves the state as a clean-up crew, helping to preserve
the purity and beauty of our natural waters.

The species, although virtually unchanged since prehistoric times, is well-
adapted to modern environmental conditions.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

Granite - North Carolina State Rock

The General Assembly of 1979 designated granite as the official State Rock
(Session Laws, 1979, c.906). North Carolina has been blessed with an abundant
source of "the noble rock,'' granite. The largest open-face granite quarr>' in the world,
measuring one mile long and 1,800 feet in width, Hes near Mount Air)' in Surr)-
County. Granite from this quarry is unblemished, gleaming and has few interfering
seams to mar its splendor. The high quality of this granite allows its widespread
use as a building material, in both industrial and laboratory applications where
super-smooth surfaces are necessary North Carolina granite has been used for many
magnificent edifices of government throughout the United States such as the Wright
Brothers Memorial at Kitty Hawk, the gold depositoiy at Fort Knox, the Arlington
Memorial Bridge and numerous courthouses throughout the land. Granite is a symbol
of strength and steadfastness, quaUties characteristic of North Carolinians.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Milk - North Carolina State Beverage

The General Assembly of 1987 adopted milk as the official State Beverage (Session
Laws, 1987, c. 347). In makmg milk the official state beverage, North Carolina
followed many other states, including its immediate neighbor to the north, Virginia,
and Wisconsin, the nations number one dairy state. The states dairy farmers produced
127 million gallons of milk m 1998. The annual income from this production
amounted to nearly $209 million m 1998. North Carolinians consume over 143
million gallons of milk every year.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

The Shad Boat - North Carolina State Historic Boat

The General Assembly of 1987 adopted the shad boat as the official State Historic
Boat (Session Laws, 1987, c. 366). The shad boat, first developed on Roanoke
Island, is known for its unique crafting and high maneuverability. The boats name
is derived from the fish it was used to catch — the shad. Traditional small sailing
craft were generally ill-suited to the waterways and weather conditions along the
North Carolina coast. The shallow draft of the shad boat, plus its speed and easy
handling, made it ideal for use in the states upper northeast sounds where the water
was shallow and the weather changed rapidly Shad boats were built using native
trees such as cypress, juniper, and white cedar, and varied in length between twenty-
two and thirty-three feet. Construction was so expensive that production ot the
shad boat ended in the 1930s, although they were widely used into the 1950s. The
boats were so well constructed that some, nearly 100 years old, are still seen around
Manteo and Hatteras. The North Carolina Maritime Museum in Beaufort also has a
shad boat in its historic boat collection.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Plott Hound - North Carolina State Dog

The Plott hound was adopted as our official State Dog on August 12, 1989
(Session Laws of North Carolina, 1989 c. 773; G.S. 145-13). The Plott hound
originated m the mountains of North Carolina around 1750 and is the only breed
known to have originated in this state. Named for Jonathon Plott, the German
immigrant who developed the breed as a wild boar hound, the Plott hound is a
legendary hunting dog known as a courageous fighter and tenacious tracker. He is
also a gentle and extremely loyal companion to North Carolina's hunters. The Plott
hound IS very quick, has superior treeing instincts and has always been a favorite of
big-game hunters. The Plott hound has a beautiful bnndle-colored coat and a spme-
tmgling, bugle-like call. It is also only one of four breeds known to be of American
origin.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

The Sweet Potato - North Carolina State Vegetable

The General Assembly of 1995 designated the sweet potato as the official State
Vegetable (Session Laws, 1995, c.521). A staple of the traditional North Carolina
diet since pre-Columbian times, the sweet potato is a nutritious source of \itamins
A and C, as well as being low in fat. North Carolina is the largest producer of swcei
potatoes m the United States. According to the N.C. Department of Agriculture,
North Carolina growers raised 3.77 billion lbs. of sweet potatoes in 1999. Thai
years crop generated $44 million in cash receipts.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

State ISame and Nicknames

In 1629, King Charles I of England "erected into a province;' all the land h"om
Albemarle Sound on the north to the St. Johns River on the south, which he directed
should be called Carolina. The word Carolina is from the word Carolus, the Latin
form of Charles. When Carolina was divided m 1710, the southern part was called
South Carolina and the older northern settlement, North Carolina. From this came
the nickname the "Old North State."

During Its early history, North CaroHna was best-known for products derived
from pme trees, particularly tar pitch and turpentine, which were crucial naval supplies
in the days of wooden sailing ships. A popular state legend holds that, during the
First Battle of Manassas m 1861, a charge by federal troops against part of the
Confederate army's lines broke through a Virginia regiment, causing its soldiers to
flee to the rear m panic. The North Carolina regiments holding the line next to the
shattered Virginia regiment, however, held their ground, stemming the Union Armys
breakthrough.

After the battle the North Carolinians, who had successfully fought it out alone,
were greeted by the chagrined derelict regiment with the question:

"Any more tar down in the Old North State, hoys?"

Quick as a flash came the answer:

"No, not a hit, old Jeff's hought it all up."

"Is that so? What is he going to do with it?" the Virginians asked.

"He is going to put it on you-uns' heels to make you stick better in the next
fight!"

R.B. Creecy claims that General Robert E. Lee, upon hearing of the incident,
said: "God hless the Tar Heel hoys," and that the name stuck to all North Carolina
troops serving m the Army of Northern Virginia afterwards. (Adapted from
Grandfather Tales of North Carolina by R.B. Creecy and Histories of North Carolina
Regiments, Vol. Ill, by Vv^alter Clark).

State Colors

The General Assembly of 1945 declared the shades of red and blue found m the
North Carolina state flag and the United States flag as the offlcial State Colors.
(Session Laws, 1945, c.878).

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

William Gaston
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The Old North State

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Collected and arranged
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Siaiz Song

The song known as "The Old North State" was adopted as the official song ol
the State of North Carolina by the General Assembly of 1927. (Public Laws, 1927,
C.26; G.S. 149-1).

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

State Capitol

The North Carolina State Capitol is one of the finest and best-preser\'ed examples
of Greek Revival architecture incorporated m a civic building. Prior to 1792, North
Carolina legislators met in various towns throughout the state, gathering most
frequently m Halifax, Hillsborough and New Bern. Meetings were held in local
plantation houses, court houses and even churches. When Raleigh was founded as
the permanent seat of North Carolinas state government in 1792, a two-story brick
State House was built on Union Square and opened in 1796.

The State House was enlarged between 1820 and 1824 by state architect William
Nichols. The project added a third floor, eastern and western wings and a domed
rotunda at the buildings center. The rotunda housed a statue of President George
Washington by sculptor Antonio Canova, acquired by the state in 1821. When the
State House burned down on June 21, 1831, the statue was damaged beyond repair.

The General Assembly of 1832-33 ordered that a new Capitol be built as an
enlarged version of the old State House. The new Capitol would be a cross-shaped

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

building with a central, domed rotunda. The assembly appropriated $50,000 for
construction and appointed a building committee to manage the project. The
commission first hired William Nichols, Jr,. to draft plans for the building, hi
August of 1833, however, the committee replaced Nichols with distinguished New
York architects Ithiel Town and Alexander Jackson Davis. Town and Davis altered
the earlier design dramatically and developed a plan that gave the Capitol its present
appearance.

David Paton (1802-1882), an architect bom in Edinburgh, Scotland, and former
associate of the noted English architect Sir John Soane, was hired in September,
1834, to supervise construction of the Capitol. Paton replaced Town and Da\is as
the project architect m early 1835. The Capitol was completed under Patons direction,
except for the exterior stone walls, which were largely in place when he arrived in
Raleigh. Paton made several modifications to the Town and Davis plans for the
interior. Among the changes were the cantilevered gallery at the second floor level
of the rotunda, the groined masonry vaulting of the first floor offices and corridor
ceilings, and the interior arrangement of the east and west porticoes.

The new Capitol's cornerstone was set in place on July 4, 1833. After the initial
foundation was laid, however, work on the project progressed slowly. The original
appropriation for construction was soon exhausted. The next session of the General
Assembly authorized an additional appropriation of $75,000 to continue work on
the new Capitol. This phase of the project employed a large number of skilled
artisans from Scotland.

Most of the Capitols architectural details, including the columns, mouldings,
ornamental plasterwork and ornamental honeysuckle atop the dome, were carctulK'
patterned after features of Greek temples. Its Doric exterior columns are modeled
after those of the Parthenon. The House of Representatives chamber imitates the
semi-circular plan of a Greek amphitheater and its architectural ornamentation is
Corinthian (Order of the Tower of the Winds). The Senate chamber lollows the
Ionic Order of the Erechtheum. The only non-classical parts oi the building are two
large rooms on the third floor which were finished in the Gothic st\-le that was just
beginning to gain popularity in American architectural circles.

The ornamental ironwork, plasterwork, chandeliers, hardware and marble
mantels of the Capitol came from Philadelphia. Raleigh cabinetmaker William
Thompson crafted the desks and chairs in the House and Senate chambers. The
Capitol was completed in 1840 at a total cost (including furnishings) ol

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

$532,682.34 — an equivalent of more than three times the states yearly general
revenues at the time.

The Capitol housed all of state government until the late 1880s. Today the
buildings only official occupants are the governor and the lieutenant governor. The
N.C. Supreme Court moved to its ov^ti building m 1888 and in 1963, the General
Assembly moved into the newly-constructed Legislative Building.

A thorough renovation of the Capitol m 1971 replaced the leaky copper roof,
cleaned and sealed the exterior stone and repainted the rotunda. More recent
preser\^ation efforts have focused on repairing plasterwork damaged by roof leaks,
replacing obsolete wiring and plumbing, installing new, less conspicuous heating
and cooling systems in the upper floors, replacing worn carpets and draperies and
repainting the rest of the interior.

In 1970 the state acquired a duplicate of the original marble statue of Washington
by Canova, which is located in the rotunda of the Capitol. In niches around the
rotunda are busts of three North Carolina governors — John M. Morehead, William
A. Graham, and Samuel Johnston — and United States Senator Matthew W Ransom.
During late 1988 and early 1989, extensive landscaping and grounds renovations
were undertaken to enhance the beauty of the Capitol and to improve its visibility
Memorials to North Carolinians who served in World War II and the Vietnam War
were also added m the 1980s and 1990s. In an effort to make the Capitol more
accessible to the people of North Carolina, the building has been opened to the
pubhc on weekends with guided tours available.

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

Legisladxe Building

In 1959, the General Assembly appropriated funds for the construction of a
new legislative building. The new facility was needed to accommodate a growing
legislative branch and provide adequate quarters for legislators and staff. The act
created a building commission of seven people: two who had served in the N.C.
Senate and were appointed by the president of the Senate; two who had served in
the N.C. House of Representatives and were appointed by the speaker of the
House; and three appointed by the governor.

The commission chose Edward Durell Stone of New York and John S. Holloway
and Ralph B. Reeves, Jr., of Raleigh as architectural consultants for the project. After
a thorough study, the commission selected a 5.5-acre site one block north ol the
Capitol for the new building. This site, which encompasses two city blocks, is
bounded by Jones, Salisbury, Lane and Wilmington streets. A section of Halifax
Street between Jones and Lane was closed to tie the two blocks together. Bids on

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

the new building were received in December, 1960, and construction began m
early 1961.

The 1961 General Assembly appropriated an additional one million dollars for
furnishings and equipment, bringing the total appropriation for the new Legislative
Building to $5.5 million — $1.24 for each citizen of North Carolina based on
1960 census hgures.

The consulting architects provided this detailed description of the new building:

The State Legislative Building, though not an unitation of historic classical
styles, is classical in charactey. Rising from a 3-iO-foot wide podium of North
Carolina granite, the building proper is 242 feet sciuare. The walls and the
columns are oj Vermont nmrble, the latter forming a colonnade encompassing
the building and reaching 2-1 feet from the podium to the roof of the second floor

Inset in the south podium floor, at the main entrance, is a 28 foot diameter
terrazzo mosaic of the Great Seal of the State. From the first floor main entrance
(on Jones Street) the carpeted 22-foot wide main stair extends directly to the
third floor and the public galleries of the Senate and House, the auditorium, the
display area, and the roof gardens.

The four garden courts are located at the corners of the building. These
courts contain tropical plants and three have pools, fountains and hanging
planters. The main floor areas of the courts are located on the first jloor and
galleries overlook the courts from the mezzanine floor The skylights, which
provide natural lighting, are located within the roof gardens overhead. The
courts provide access to committee rooms in the first floor, the legislative chcwihers
m the second floor and to members' offices in both floors.

The Senate and House chambers, each 5,180 square jeet in area, occupy
the east and west wings of the second floor Following the traditioncd relationship
of the two chambers in the Capitol, the two spaces are divided by the rotunda;
and when the main brass doors are open, the two presiding officers face one
another. Fach pair of brass doors weighs 1,500 pounds.

The five pyramidal roofs covering the Senate and House chambers, the
auditorium, the main stair and the rotunda are sheathed with copper, as is the
Capitol. The pyramidal shapes oj the roojs are visible in the pointed ceilings
inside. The structural libs form a coffered ceiling; and inside the coffered patterns
are concentric patterns oudined in gold. In each chamber, the distance fiom the
Jloor to the peak of the ceiling is ~15 feet.

Chandehers in the chambers and the main stair are 8 feet in diameter and

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

weigh 625 pounds each. The 12-foot diameter chandelier of the rotunda, like
the others, is of brass, but its weight is 750 pounds.

Because of the interior climate, the garden courts and rotunda have tropical
plants and trees. Outside, however, the shrubs and trees are of an indigenous
type. Among the trees on the grounds and on the roof areas are sugar maples,
dogwoods, crabapples, magnolias, crepe myrtles and pines.

Throughout the building, the same color scheme is maintairied: walnut,
accented with white, gold and red, as well as green foliage. In genercd, all wood
is American walnut, metal is brass or similar material, carpets are red and
upholstery is gold or black.

The enclosed area consists of 206,000 square feet of floor area with a volume
of 3,210,000 cubic feet. Heating equipment provides over 7,000,000 B.T.U.s
per hour; the cooling equipment has a capacity of 620 tons. For lighting, motors
and other electrical equipment, the building has a connected service load of
over 2,000,000 watts.

Renovations to the Legislative Building m the 1980s created more office space
and expanded the meeting room facilities to meet the needs of the General Assembly's
various committees. The Legislative Office Building opened across Jones Street from
the Legislative Building in 1982. Nearly half of the members of each house mo\'ed
to new offices in the building, as well as several of the support divisions of Legislative
Services.

The area around the Legislative Building has changed dramatically since it opened
in the 1960s. The west side of the building now opens onto a majestic plaza several
block long and ringed by government office buildings constructed in the 1960s,
1970s and 1980s. The east side of the building now faces ihe North Carolina
Museum of History and the new North Carolina Museum ol Natural History, which
opened in April, 1999.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Executive Mansion

North Carolina has not always provided an official home for its governors and
their families. Prior to 1770, the governor lived wherever he chose at his own
expense. It was not until 1767 that the General Assembly authorized the construction
of the first permanent official residence. Designed by English architect John Hawks
and built between 1767 and 1770, Tryon Palace m New Bern, named for Royal
Governor WiUiam Tryon, became one of the most admired public structures m
North America. Try-on Palace, however, served as a formal gubernatorial residence
for only a short time. Abandoned by Tryon when the Revolution erupted, the palace
was adopted as the new states capitol. A fire in 1798 leveled the entire structure
except for the west wing. The present structure, a popular historic attraction m its
own right, is largely a 1950 reconstruction based on Hawks' original plans, as well
as archaeological research.

Shortly after Raleigh was selected as the permanent seat of state government m
1792, the legislature enacted a law requiring the governor to reside there. Samuel

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

Ashe of New Hanover County, elected in 1794, was the first governor to come
under this law. Ashe was reluctant to undertake the construction of a new
gubernatorial residence. "(It) was never supposed that a Man annually elected to the
Chief Magistracy would commit such folly as to attempt the building of a House at
the seat of Government in which he might for a time reside," he wrote in a letter to
the legislature. The General Assembly committee addressed by Ashe's letter assured
him that the law, enacted before he was elected governor, could be considered "as a
condition under the encumbrance of which he accepted the appointment."

The General Assembly took steps to provide a suitable dwelling for the states
chief executive. It instructed the state treasurer to purchase or lease a house. In
1797, a plain, two-story frame building painted white and an office for the governor
were erected on Lot 131, the southwest corner of Fayetteville and Hargett Streets.
The house proved hopelessly inadequate. In an 1810 letter, Governor Benjamin
Smith grumbled that the structure was "in such order thai it is agreed by all who
view it, not to be fit for the family of a decent tradesman, and certainly none could
be satisfied; even if safe in it..."

To remedy this situation, the General Assembly of 1813 appointed a committee
to provide better facilities. The committee members selected a site at the foot of
Fayetteville Street facing the old State House. An elaborate brick structure with white-
columned porticoes was completed in 1816 and Governor William Miller became
the first occupant of the Governors Palace.

Twenty succeeding governors resided in the "Palace," as it came to be cynically
termed. Many of the states most notable historical events took place there. General
Lafayette was an overnight guest in 1825. Several sessions of the General Assembly
were held in the building following the burning of the State House in 1831.

Zebulon Baird Vance was the last governor to occupy the structure, abandoning
it at the close of the Civil War to avoid capture by the Union Army General William
T. Sherman and his staff were quartered in the palace during the spring of 1865.
The unwelcome guests undoubtedly injured the pride of local citizens, but caused
only minor damage to the palace itself.

Years of neglect, however, had made the palace unattractive to governors and
their famiUes. During the Reconstruction period until the completion of the present
Mansion m 1891, chief executives and their families rented houses or hotel rooms
in Raleigh. Two governors of the period simply continued to li\c in their own
homes. From 1871 to 1891, a noted Raleigh hotel, the Yarborough House, served
as the unofficial residence for several governors.

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Governor Vance was re-elected to office m 1877. In 1879, a commission
appointed two years earlier by the General Assembly to investigate the possibilities
of providing a suitable residence for North Carolina's governors issued a report of
its findings. Proceeds from the sales of unused state lands m the Raleigh area were
earmarked for construction of a house and outbuildings suitable for the governor.

The General Assembly finally approved the decision to build the present Executive
Mansion m 1883, thanks to the efforts and perseverance of Governor Thomas J.
Jarvis (1879-1885). The legislature authorized construction of a house on Burke
Square, provided some furnishings and required the governor to occupy it upon its
completion. The assembly directed the governor to use convict labor and building
materials "manufactured or prepared, either in whole or in part" at the penitentiary
whenever feasible.

The penitentiaiy board, realizing the law required it to turnish the major portion
of labor and materials for the Executive Mansion, authorized the warden to make a
contract for $25,000. The Council of State accepted this arrangement. Two months
after passage of the bill, the Council of State met with the governor to discuss
hnancmg the project. Expenditures were not to exceed the funds available and money
spent by the governor and council was to be placed m an itemized account under
the strict super\ision of the state auditor.

David Paton, who had supervised the completion of the state capitol nearly half
a century earUer, was initially recommended as the projects architect. Because of the
architects advanced age, however, he was passed over for the assignment. The council
selected Samuel Sloan of Philadelphia and his assistant, Gustavus Adolphus Bauer,
as project architects. Sloan delivered his proposed designs to the committee
personally when he arrived in Raleigh on April 28, 1883. The plans called for a
three-story. Queen Anne-style building. On May 7, the committee accepted Sloans
designs with minor modihcations.

Using inmate labor and materials produced at the state penitentiary proved not
to be as frugal an idea as state officials hrst thought. In November, 1889, before the
mansion was even occupied, repair and preservation work had already begun with
"certain exterior and interior painting" of the woodwork. Most contemporary
accounts of the newly-completed mansion emphasized its deplorable condition,
including cheap plumbing and dirt used as soundproohng beneath floors. The
third floor and basement had been left unfinished.

The mansion was hnished in late 1890, but Governor Daniel Fowle (1889-
1891) did not move m until early January, 1891. He was particularly anxious to

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER ONE

occupy the house in view of earlier attempts to abandon it as a residence for the
governor. Fowle brought his own furniture to the mansion, setting a precedent
followed for many years before the house was adequately furnished. Much of the
money originally set aside to furnish the mansion had been siphoned off to cover
mounting construction costs.

Elias Carr was the ftrst governor to live in the mansion for a full four-year term
(1893-1897). Like his predecessors, he found the house in need of furnishings
and repairs. The legislature allocated funds m February, 1893, to complete the
mansion and make interior improvements. Two years later, another appropriation
made landscaping the grounds possible.

Shortly after the inauguration of Governor Daniel Russell (1897-1901), the
General Assembly appointed a committee to examine the mansion and recommend
needed alterations. The committee found that minor repairs were needed and promptly
introduced a resolution to provide the necessary money. In March, 1897. an
appropriation of $600 was allotted for the mansions upkeep.

As frequently seemed the case with new governors, Thomas Bicketts term (1917-
1921) began with an inspection of the mansion and recommendations for
improvement. Mrs. Bickett submitted suggestions for interior renovations by
architect James A. Salter, along with his estimates of the cost of the proposed
renovations. As preparations were made for Governor Angus W. McLeans residence
m the mansion (1925-1929), the previous renovations were pronounced
inadequate. Sentiment for removing the house and landscaping Burke Square as a
public park was once again aroused. Secretary of State W. N. Everett hailed the
movement. He had made his own examination and reported that major repairs
were needed to pro\ide the governor with a comfortable dwelling. Everett suggested
a sum of $50,000 for repairs and new furnishings. Although this action was taken
without McLeans knowledge, upon learning of it, he soon became active in seeking
the appropriation.

Their case was strengthened by a State Board of Health inspection report issued
in February, 1925, shortly after McLeans inauguration. The inspection report was
starding, noting that the management of a hotel receiving such a bad rating would
be subject to criminal indictment. The principal deductions in scoring were for
uncleanlmess. Dust pervaded the mansion, covering the woodwork, filming the
furniture and stifling the air. Governor Fowles contemporaries had described clouds
of dust billowing up from the floor with every footstep. The first floor walls and

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Hoors were unsound and ihe ornate plasterwork was disintegrating in some areas.
The upstairs floors, composed of uneven, shoddy boards, had half-inch cracks.

The architectural tirm of Atwood and Nash carried out extensive renovations to
the mansion. Their work vastly improved the mansion, saving it from further
deterioration and correcting many of the defects caused by the use of prison labor
and materials m the original construction. A newspaper account, lauding Governor
McLeans accompHshments, claimed that renovating a building considered eligible
for demoHtion had saved the state more than a third of a million dollars.

Later administrations made further improvements to the mansion. An elevator
was installed, air conditioning units were placed m some rooms and a bomb shelter
was added during Governor Luther H. Hodges' term (1954-1961). Mrs. Terry
Sanford added many antique furnishings during her husbands term of office (1961-
1965).

A legislative appropriation of $58,000 in the late 1960s financed renovation of
the institutional kitchen facilities, providing a new food freezer, expansion of the
food preparation area to the basement and a dumbwaiter-conveyor belt system to
move trays from the first floor. Extension of the garage area, landscaping and lighting
of the grounds contributed to the efficiency and beauty of the mansion. For added
security, a decorative brick and wrought iron wall v/as constructed around the
perimeter of Burke Square m early 1969.

In May, 1973, the General Assembly ordered another round of repairs. This
renovation was the most extensive in the histor\' of the Executive Mansion. The
General Assemblies of 1973 and 1975 appropriated $845,000 to complete the
project. Governor James E. Holshouser, Jr., and his family moved out of the mansion
to a temporary home in the Foxcroft subdivision of Raleigh for eight months while
interior renovations were carried out by F. Carter Williams, a local architectural
firm. Today North Carolinas Executive Mansion draws 50,000 visitors each year.

Original state symbols art work by Angela Davis.
92

NORTH CAROLINA'S STATE SYMBOLS CHAPTER

ONE

NORTH

North Carolina's Beginnings

North Carolina s history began thousands of years ago as Native American tribes
settled throughout the state. Pre-Columbian Native American history in North
Carolina was, of course, unwritten. But the state's first inhabitants left behind tangible
signs of their existence, including sites as large and impressively engineered as the
Town Creek Mound m Montgomery County

North Carolina was an important boundary area between different Native
American cultural areas, tribes and language stocks. The Algonquian-speaking tribes
of northeastern North Carolina's Albemarle Sound region constituted the southern
extremity of Eastern Woodlands culture. Further inland, Iroquoian and Siouan-
speaking tribes such as the Tuscarora and the Catawba were more oriented toward
the Southeastern cultural tradition. North Carolinas mountains were the homeland
of the Cherokee tribe, Iroquoian speakers who would be driven from North
Carolina, save for a small remnant, during the winter of 1838-39 by federal troops.
Those Cherokee who survived the "Trail of Tears" settled in what later became
Oklahoma. The descendents of those Cherokee who managed to avoid capture and
relocation still live today m their mountain homeland and are known as the Eastern
Band of the Cherokee Nation.

First European Contacts

The first known European exploration of North Carolina occurred during the
summer of 1524, A Florentine navigator named Giovanni da Verrazano, in the
service of France, explored the coastal area of North Carolina between the Cape
Fear River area and Kitty Hawk. A report of his findings was sent to Francis I, and
published m Richard Hakluyts Divers Voyages touc/iini^ the Discoverie of Amenea.
No attempt was made to colonize the area. Between 1540 and 1570 several Spanish
explorers from the Florida Gulf region explored portions of North Carolina, but
again no permanent setdements were established.

Coastal North Carolina was the scene of the first attempt by English-speaking
people to colonize North America. Two colonies were begun in the 1580s under a
charter granted by Queen Elizabeth to Sir Walter Raleigh. The first colony established
in 1585 under the leadership of Ralph Lane, ended in failure. A second expedition
under the leadership of John White began m the spring of 1587 when 110 settlers,
including seventeen women and nine children, set sail for ihc new world. 1 he
White Colony arrived near Hatteras m June, 1587, and went on lo Roanoke Island,

CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

where they found the houses built b\' Ralph Lanes expedition still standing. Two
significant ex'ents occurred shortly after the colonists" arri\al — two friendly Indians
were baptized and a child was born. Virginia Dare was the first child born to English-
speaking parents m the new world.

The colonists faced many probfems. With supplies running short. White was
pressured to return to England for pro\'isions. Once m England, W'hite was unable
to immediatel)' return to Roanoke because of the impending attack by the Spanish
Armada. When he was finally able to return m 1590, he found only the abandoned
remnants of what was once a thriving settlement. There were no signs ot lite, only
the word "CROATAN" carved on a nearby tree. Much speculation has been made
about the fate of the "Lost Colony," but no one has successfully explained the
disappearance of the colony and its settlers.

Permanait Settlement

The hrst permanent English settlers in North Carolina emigrated from the
Tidewater area of southeastern Virginia. The hrst of these "overflow'" settlers moved
into the area of the Albemarle Sound m northeast North Carolina around 1650.

In 1663, Charles II granted a charter to eight English noblemen who had helped
him regain the throne of England. The charter document contains the lollowmg
description of the territor\' which the eight Lords Proprietor were granted title to:

"A// that Tcrrltoyy or trait of ground, situalc, Ixing, and being within our
Dominions m Amcrita. extending jnvn the North end oj (he Idand tailed LuLk
Island, whieh lies m the Southern Virginia Seas and within six and Thirty
degrees of the Northern Latitude, and to the West as far as the South Seas: and
so Southerly as far as the Rixer Saint Mathias, whith borders upon the Coast oj
Florida, and withm one and Thirty degrees oj Northern Latitude, and West in a
direet line as far as the South Seas aforesaid: Together with all and singular
Ports, Harbours, Bays, Rivers, Isles, and Islets belonging Into the Country
aforesaid: And also, all the Sod, Lands, Fields, Woods, Mountains, Farnis,
Lakes, Rivers, Bays, and Islets situate or being within the Bounds or Limits
aforesaid: with the Fishing of all sorts of Fish, Whales, Sturgeons, and all other
Royal Fishes in the Sea, Bays, Islets, and Riyers within the premises, and the
Fish theiein taken:

And moreover all Veins, Mines, and Quarries, as well diseovered as not
diseoyered, of Gold, Silver, Gems, and preeious Stones, and all other whatsoever
be It, of Stones, Metals, or any other thing whatsoever found or to be jound
within the Country, Isles, and Limits ...."

NORTH CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS CHAPTER TWO

The territory was to be called "Carolina" in honor of Charles 1. In 1665, a
second charter was granted in order to clarify territorial questions not answered in
the first charter. This charter extended the boundary lines of Carolina to include:

"All that Province, Territory, or Tract oj ground, situate, lying, and being
within our Dominions oj America aforesaid, extending North and Eastward as
far as the North end oj Carahtuke River or Gullet; upon a straight Westerly
line to Wyonoake Creek, which lies within or about the degrees of thirty six and
thirty Minutes, Northern latitude, and so West m a direct line as far as the
South Seas; and South and Westward as far as the degrees of twenty nine,
inclusive, northern latitude; and so West in a direct line as far as the South
Seas."

Between 1663 and 1729, North Carolina was under the near-absolute control
of the Lords Proprietor and their descendants. The small group commissioned
colonial officials and authorized the governor and his council to grant lands in the
name of the Lords Proprietor. In 1669, philosopher John Locke wrote the
Fundamental Constitutions as a model for the government of Carolina. Albemarle
County was divided into local governmental units called precincts. Initially there
were three precincts — Berkley, Carteret, and Shaftesbury — but as the colony
expanded to the south and west, new precincts were created. By 1729, there were a
total of eleven precincts — six m Albemarle County and five in Bath County, which
had been created m 1696. Although the Albemarle Region was the first permanent
setdement in the Carolina area, another populated region soon developed around
present-day Charleston, South Carolina. Because of the natural harbor and easier
access to trade with the West Indies, more attention was given to developing the
Charleston area than her northern counterparts. For a twenty-year period, 1692-
1712, the colonies of North and South Carolina existed as one unit of government.
Although North Carolina still had her own assembly and council, the governor ol
Carolina resided in Charleston and a deputy governor was appointed for North
Carolina.

Royal Colony

In 1729, seven of the Lords Proprietor sold their interest in North Carolina [o
the crown and North Carolina became a royal colony The eighth proprietor, Lord
Granville, retained economic interest and continued granting land in the northern
half of North Carolina. The crown supervised all political and administrative
functions m the colony until 1775.

Colonial government m North Carolina changed little between the propriciar>'
and royal periods, the only major difference being who appointed colonial officials.
There were two primary units of government — the governor and his council and a
colonial assembly whose representatives were elected by the qualified voters of the
county Colonial courts, unlike today's courts, rarely mvolved themselves in
formulating governmental policy All colonial officials were appointed by either the

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Lords Proprietor prior to 1729 or by the crown afterwards. Members of the colonial
assembly were elected from the various precincts (counties) and from certain towns
which had been granted representation. The term "precinct" as a geographical unit
ceased to exist after 1735. These areas became known as "counties" and about the
same time "Albemarle County" and "Bath County" ceased to e.xist as governmental
units.

The governor was an appointed official, as were the colonial secretary attorney
general, surveyor general and the receiver general. All officials ser\'ed at the pleasure
of the Lords Proprietor or the crown. The council ser\'ed as an advisor}' group to
the governor during the proprietaiy and royal periods, m addition to sen-mg as the
upper house of the legislature when the assembly was m session. When vacancies
occurred in colonial offices or on the council, the governor was authorized to carry'
out all mandates of the proprietors and could make a temporary appointment until
the vacancy was filled by proprietary or royal commission. One member of the
council was chosen as president of the group and many council members were also
colonial officials. If a governor or deputy governor was unable to carry on as chief
executive because of illness, death, resignation or absence from the colony, the
president of the council became the chief executive and exercised all powers of the
governor until the governor returned or a new governor was commissioned.

The colonial assembly was made up of men elected from each precinct and
town where representation had been granted. Not all counties were entitled to the
same number of representatives. Many of the older counties had five representatives
each, while those formed after 1696 were each alkowed only two. Each town granted
representation was allowed one representative. The presiding officer of the colonial
assembly was called the speaker and was elected from the entire membership ot the
house. When a vacancy occurred, a new election was ordered by the speaker to fill
It. On the final day of each session, bills passed by the legislature were signed by
both the speaker and the president ol the council.

The colonial assembly could meet only when it was called into session b\' the
governor. Since the assembly was the only body authorized to grant the governor
his salary and spend tax monies raised m the colony, it met on a regular basis until
)ust before the Revolutionary War. There v^'as, however, a constant struggle for
authority between the governor and his council on the one hand and the general
assembly on the other. Two of the most explosive issues involved fiscal control of
the colony's revenues and the election of treasurers. Both were privileges of the
assembly The question of who had the authority to create new counties also
simmered throughout the colonial period. On more than one occasion, elected
representatives from counties created by the governor and council without consulting
the lower house were refused seats until the matter was resolved. These conflicts
between the executive and legislative bodies were to have a profound effect on the
organization of state government after independence.

NORTH CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS CHAPTER TWO

The Struggle for Independence

On April 12, 1776, North Carolina authorized its delegates to the Continental
Congress to vote for independence. This was the first official call for independence
from any of the colonies. The 83 delegates present in Halifax at the Fourth Provincial
Congress unanimously adopted the Halifax Resolves, which indicted the colony's
royalist government in blunt fashion:

The Select Committee, taking into Consideration the usurpations and violence
attempted and committed by the King and Parliament oj Britain against Ameiica,
and the further measures to be taken for frustrating the same, and for the better
defense of this province reported as follows, to wit,

It appears to your Committee that pursuant to the Plan concerted by the
British Ministry for subjugating America, the King and Parliament of Great
Britain have usurped a Power over the Persons and Property of the People
unlimited and uncontrolled and disregarding their humble Petitions for Peace,
Liberty and Safety, have made divers Legislative Acts, denouncing War, Famine
and every Species of Calamity daily employed in destroying the People and
committing the most horrid devastation on the Country. That Governors in
different Colonies have declared Protection to slaves who should imbiiAe their
Hands in the Blood of their Masters. That the Ships belonging to America are
declared prizes of War and many of them have been violently seized and
confiscated in consequence of which multitudes of the people have been destroyed
or from easy Circumstances reduced to the most Lamentable distress.

And whereas the moderation hitherto manifested by the United States and
their sincere desire to be reconciled to the mother Country on Constitutional
Principles, have procured no mitigation of the aforesaid wrongs and usurpations
and no hopes remain of obtaining redress by those Means alone which have been
hitherto tried, Your Committee are of the Opinion that the house should enter
into the following Resolve, to wit,

Resolved that the delegates for this Colony m the Continental Congress be
empowered to concur with the other delegates of the other colonies in declaring
Independence, and forming foreign Alliances, resolving to this Colony the Sole,
and Exclusive right of formmg a Constitution and Laws for this Colony cmd of
appointing delegates from time to time under the direction of a General
Representation thereof to meet the delegates of the other Colonies for such
purposed as shall be hereafter pointed out...

The HaUfax Resolves were iinportant because they were the first official action
calling for mdependence from Britain and they were directed at all o( the colonies
that had taken up arms against the crown. Virginia followed with her own
recommendations soon after the adoption of the Halifax Resolves and on July 4,
delegates at the Continental Congress meeting in Philadelphia signed the final draft

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

of the Declaration of Independence, North Carolinians William Hooper, Joseph
Hewes and John Penn among them. In early December, 1776, delegates to the Fifth
Provincial Congress adopted the first constitution for North Carolina. On December
21, 1776, Richard Caswell became the first governor of North Carolina under the
new constitution.

Early Statehood

On November 21, 1789, the state adopted the United States Constitution,
becoming the twelfth state to enter the federal union. In 1788, North Carolina had
rejected the Constitution because it lacked the necessar}^ amendments to ensure
freedom of the people. The Bill of Rights satisfied the concerns of antifederalists
enough to ensure the states adoption of the Constitution a year later.

State Constitution of 1835

The convention opened on June 4, 1835, m Raleigh. The new constitution
provided for popular election of the governor, as well as hxing the governors term
m otlice to two years per term and no more than two consecutive terms. It established
a more equitable method of representation in the General Assembly. The new
constitution fixed the terms of several offices m the Council of State, equalized the
poll tax, banned the legislature from considering private bills, established new
legislative procedures for divorce and other matters of civil law and created a new
structure for impeaching public ofhcials. The new state constitution also created a
mechanism that would allow successive General Assembly sessions to propose
constitutional amendments for popular ratification. The Constitution of 1835 passed
when submitted to a popular referendum.

The Drift Toward War

North Carolina was not a leader m talk of Southern secession as the mid- 1800s
came to a close. A popular referendum held in February, 1861, on whether to call a
convention on secession was defeated by a very slim margin. Many of North
Carolmas political leaders looked for ways to mediate between the Union and the
emerging Confederacy, to settle the secession question peacefully But news that
Confederate troops had seized Ft. Sumter in Charleston Harbor and President
Lmcolns call for militia troops from North Carolina to assist in putting down the
incipient rebellion ended most North Carolinians' reluctance to choose sides in the
conflict. The state seceded from the Union in May, 1861.

Once a member of the Confederacy, however. North Carolina provided more
than Its fair share of manpower and other resources to the war effort. One out of
ever)' four Confederate battle casualties was a North Carolinian. Union forces seized
much of the Outer Banks and northeastern North Carolina in 1862, leading to
constant, small-scale warfare in that region until the end of the conflict.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS CHAPTER TWO

One of the last major battles of the war occurred in March, 1865, at Bentonville,
where Confederate troops under the command of Joseph E. Johnston tried to smash
the left wing of Union Gen. William Tecumseh Shermans army. Instead, Johnstons
troops hammered at the Union lines for nearly three days in some of the worst
combat of the war. Unable to break the Union Army, Johnston retreated through
Raleigh and surrendered his remaining troops near Durham on April 18.

Engulfed by a war not of its making or choosing, North Carolina suffered
terribly At the end of the war, property damage throughout the state was immense.
The loss of lives on battlefields in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania left many
families grieving.

Constitution of 1868

The Constitution of 1868 provided for universal male suffrage. State and county
officials would henceforth be elected by popular vote and the terms for governor
and lieutenant governor were extended to four years. Most of the state's judges
would likewise be elected by popular vote to eight-year terms. The new state
constitution created extensive public services for North Carolinians with disabilities,
provided for pubUc orphanages and improved public access to higher education.
North Carolinians could no longer be imprisoned for debt under the new state
constitution and women, while still not given full citizenship rights, gained
considerable new property rights. The constitution also ended the archaic network
of county justices, replacing them instead with county commissions and establishing
townships in each county for administrative purposes.

The Progressi\e Era

The dawn of the 20th Century brought changes to North Carolina's economy
and society The state benefited from strong, progressive political leadership from
governors such as Charles Brandey Aycock (inaugurated in 1901). Aycock persuaded
the General Assembly to undertake the most sweeping expansion of the states public
education system m nearly a century Many North Carolina counties gained access
to local public education for the first time ever between 1900 and 1920. Governor
Aycock also convinced the General Assembly to make school funding and
maintenance, including hiring and paying teachers, a state function.

North Carolina's state government made other progressive changes during the
first two decades of the new century The state's park system was founded in 1915
with the opening of Mount Mitchell State Park. Led by Governor Cameron Morrison
(1921-25) the state finally addressed its abysmal transportation network through
the creation of a state highway commission and funding of new road construction
through a series of statewide bond referenda. Morrison also coaxed the General
Assembly into spending more money on public health throughout the state and
funding vast improvements in the state's public schools and public universities and
colleges.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Morrison's successor, Angus McLean (1925-29), continued the pattern of
expanding the administrative scope and expertise of state government and funding
badly-needed miprovements m pubhc nifrastructure. McLean promoted the
expansion and diversihcation of the state economy, both m the mdustnal and
agricultural sectors. Under McLeans guidance, the state also began systematic efforts
to attract new capital investment to North Carolina.

War and Sacrifice

The Japanese Navys attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, launched a new
period of sacnhce for many North Carolina families. Coastal residents, particularly
on the Outer Banks, had an uncomfortably close view of the horrors of modern
war throughout 1942 and 1943 as German submarines torpedoed and sank scores
of ships within sight of land. Many North Carolina civilians risked their lives to
rescue sailors from these sinkings and hospitals along the coast treated many injured
and burned survivors. More poignantly, the states coastal residents collected the
bodies of dead sailors that washed ashore and buried them next to generations of
their own kin in local cemeteries.

North Carolina played a significant role in the American war effort. Fort Bragg,
which dated back to World War 1, swelled in size, while Cherry Point Marine Air
Station and Seymour Johnson Air Force Base were founded to tram pilots for both
the European and Pacific theaters. By the end o'i the war, military bases scattered
throughout North Carolina had trained more men for combat than any other state
in the Union.

Over 360,000 North Carolinians served m the U.S. Armed Forces during World
War 11. More than 4,000 of them died m combat. Hundreds of thousands of other
North Carolinians who remained m the state during the war worked long hours
and often went hungry to support the war effort.

The Humble Giant

The living standards of most state residents improved steadily following 1960
as North Carolmas investment m public higher education, unrivaled by nearly any
state south of the Mason-Dixon Line, produced large numbers of skilled workers

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NORTH CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS CHAPTER TWO

and professionals. By 1990, for the first time in its history, almost half of the states
residents lived in urban areas. Economic diversification, a better-educated work
force and shrewd pubUc sector investments such as the Research Triangle Park in
the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area led to mushrooming population growth in
the states cities. North Carolina, by 1980, had become one of the ten most populous
states in the United States.

The Mecklenburg Declaration of 1 775 *

Officers

Abraham Alexander, Chair

John McKnitt Alexander

Delegates

Col. Thomas Polk

Ephraim Brevard
HezekiahJ. Balch
John Phifer
James Harris
WiUiam Kennon
John Ford
Richard Barry
Henry Downs

Ezra Alexander
William Graham
John Quary
Abraham Alexander
John McKnitt Alexander
Hezekiah Alexander
Adam Alexander
Charles Alexander
Zacheus Wilson, Sen.

Waightstill Aver)'
Benjamin Patton
Mathew McClure
Neil Morrison
Robert Irwin
John Flenniken
David Reese
Richard Harris, Sen.

The following resolutions were presented:

1. Resolved. That whosoever directly or indirectly abetted or in any way form or
manner countenanced the uncharted and dangerous invasion of our rights as
claimed by Great Britam is an enemy to this country, to America, and lo ihc
inherent and inalienable rights of man.

2. Resolved. That we the citizens of Mecklenburg County, do hereby dissolve the
pohtical bonds which have connected us to the mother country and hereby absolve
ourselves from all allegiance to the British Crown and abjure all political
connections contract or association with that nation who have wantonly trampled
on our rights and liberties and inhumanely shed the blood of American patriots
at Lexington.

3. Resolved. That we do hereby declare ourselves a free and independent people, arc.
and of right ought to be a sovereign and self-governing association under ihc
control of no power other than that of our God and the General Government ol

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

the Congress lo the mainlenance of which independence we solemnly pledge to
each other our mutual cooperation, our lives, our lortunes, and our most sacred
honor.

4. Resolved. That as we now acknowledge the existence and control of no law or
legal officer, cix'il or military within this County, we do hereby ordain and adopt
as a rule of life all, each and ever)^ of our former laws - wherein nevertheless the
Crown of Great Britain never can be considered as holding rights, privileges,
immunities, or authority therein.

5. Resolved. That it is iurther decreed that all, each and eveiy Militaiy Ofhcer m this
County is hereby reinstated m his former command and authority, he acting
comformably to these regulations. And that every member present of this
delegation shall henceforth be a civil officer, viz., a justice of the peace, in the
character of a ''committee man" to issue process, hear and determine all matters
of controversy according to said adopted laws and to preseiTe peace, union and
harmony in said count); and to use every exertion to spread the love of Country
and hre of freedom throughout America, until a more general and organized
government be established in this Province.

* The Mecklenburg Declaration was reportedly adopted on May 20, 1775. This
document is found in Vol. IX, pages 1263-65 of the Colonial Records oj North
Carolina; however, the authenticity of the declaration has long been - and continues
to be — a source of controversy among historians. The text was recalled from
memory by the clerk some twenty years after the Mecklenburg meeting was
supposedly held. The original notes had reportedl)' been lost m a fire.

The Halifax Resolves of 1776*

The Select Committee taking into Consideration the usurpations and violences
attempted and committed by the King and Parliament ot Britain against America,
and the further Measures to be taken lor frustrating the same, and for the better
defense of this province reported as follows, to wit.

It appears to your Comnuttee that pursuant to the Plan concerted hv the
British Ministry jor subjugating America, the King and Parlianient of Great
Britain have usurped a Power over the Persons and Properties of the People
unhmited and uncontrouled: and disregarding their humble Petitions for Peace,
Liberty and safety, have made divers Legislative Acts, denouncing War Famine
and every Species of Calamity against the Continent in General. That British
Fleets and Arnues have been and still are daUv employed in destroying the
People and committing the most horrid devastations on the Country. Thai
Governors in different Colonies have declared Protection to Slaves who should
imbrue their Hands in the Blood oj their Masters. That the Ships belonging to
America are declared prizes of War and manv of them have been violendy

104

NORTH CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS CHAPTER TWO

seized and confiscated in consequence of which multitudes oj the people have
been destroyed or fivm easy Circunistances reduced to the Lamentable distress.

And whereas the moderation hitherto manifested by the United Colonies
and their sincere desire to be reconciled to the mother Country on Constitutional
Principles, have procured no mitigation to the aforesaid Wrongs and usurpations,
and no hopes remain of obtaining redress by those Means alone which have been
hitherto tried, Your Committee are of Opinion that the house should enter into
the following Resolve to wit.

Resolve that the delegates for this Colony in the Continental Congress be
impowered to concur with the delegates of the other Colonies in declaring
Independency, and forming foreign Alliances, reserving to this Colony the Sole,
and Exclusive right of forming a Constitution and Laws for this Colony, and of
appointing delegates from time to time (under the direction of a general
Representation thereof) to meet the delegates of the other Colonies for such
purposes as shall be hereafter pointed out.

* The resolves were adopted on April 12, 1776.

The Mecklenburg Resolves

This day the Committee of this county met and passed the following resolves:

Whereas by an address presented to his majesty by both House oj Parliament
in February last, the American colonies are declared to be in a state of actual
rebellion, we conceive that all laws and commissions confirmed by or derived
from the authority of the King and Pariiament are annulled and vacated and
the for-mer civil constitution of these colonies for the pr-esent wholly susperided.
To provide in some degree for the exigencies of this cowUy, in the pr-esent alaimirig
period, we deem it proper and rwcessary to pass the jollowing resolves, vie.:

1. That all commissions civil and military heretofore granted by the Crown to be exer-
cised in these colonies arc null and void and the constitution of each particular
colony wholly suspended.

2. That the Provincial Congress of each Province under the direction of the great Cori-
tinental Congress is invested with all legislative and executive powers within their
respective Prvvinces and that no other legislative or executive power docs or can
exist at this time in any oj these colonies.

3. As all former laws are now suspended in this Province and the Corigrcss has rwt yet
provided others we judge il necessary for the better preservation of good order, lo
form certain rules and r-egulaiions for the internal governmeni of this county until
laws shall be provided for us by the Congress.

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-/. That the inhabitants of this county do meet on a certain day appointed by the com-
mittee and havmg formed themselves mto nine companies... eight m the countv and
one in the town of Charhnte do choose a Colonel and other military officers who
shall hold and exercise their several powers by virtue of this choice and indepen-
dent of the Crown of Great Britain and former constitution of this Province.

5. That for the better preservation of the peace and administration oj justice each of
those companies do choose from their own body two discreet freeholders who shall
be empowered... to decide and determine all matters of controversy arising within
said company under the sum of twenty shillings and jointly and together all con-
troversies under the sum of forty shillings that so as their decisions may admit of
appeal to the convention of the selectmen of the county and also that any one of these
shall have power to examine and conwiit to conjinement persons accused oj petit
larceny.

6. That those two select men thus chosen do jointly and together choose from the bodv
oj their particular body two persons properly qualified to act as constables who
may assist them in the execution of their office.

7. That upon the complaint of any persons to either of these selectmen he do issue his
warrant directed to the constable commanding hini to bring the aggressor before
him or them to answer said complaint.

8. That these eighteen selectmen thus appointed do meet every third Tuesday in Janu-
ary, April, July and October, at the Court House in Charlotte, to hear and deter-
mine all matters oj controversy for sums exceeding forty shillings, also appeals, and
in cases oj felony to commit the person or persons convicted thereof to close confine-
ment until the Provincial Congress shall provide and establish laws and modes of
proceeding in all such cases.

9. That these eighteen selectmen thus convened do choose a clerk to record the transac-
tions of said convention and that said clerk upon the application of any person or
persons aggrieved do issue his warrant to one of the constables. . .directing said con-
stable to summon and warn said ojjender to appear before the convention at their
next sitting to answer the aforesaid complaint...

10. That any Person making Complaint upon Oath to the Clerk, or any Member of the
Convention, that he has Reason to suspect that any Person or Persons indebted to
him in a Sum above Forty Shillings, do intend clandestinely to withdraw from the
County without paying such a Debt; the Clerk, or such Member, shall issue his
Warrant to the Constable, commanding him to take said Person or Persons into safe
Custody, until the ne.xt sitting of the Convention.

IT That when a Debtor for a Sum below Forty Shillings shall abscond and leave the
County, the Warrant granted as aforesaid shall extend to any Goods or Chattels oJ
the said Debtor as may be found, and such Goods or Chattels be seized and held in
Custody by the Constable for the space of Thirty Dais; in which Term if the Debtor

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NORTH CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS CHAPTER TWO

fails to return and Discharge the Debt, the Constable shall reliirn the Warrant to
one of the Select Men of the Company where the Goods and Chattels were found,
who shall issue Orders to the Constable to sell such a part oj the said Goods as shall
amount to the Sum due; that when the Debt exceeds Forty Shillings, the Return shall
he made to the Convention, who shall issue the Orders for Sale.

12. That all receivers and collectors oj quit rents, public and county taxes, do pay the
same into the hands oj the chairman oj this committee to be by them disbursed as
the public exigencies may require, and that such receivers and collectors proceed no
jurther in their ojjice until they be approved oj by and have given to this committee
good and sufficient security jor a jaithjul return of such monies when collected.

13. That the committee be accountable to the county jor the application oj all monies
received from such public ojjicers.

H. That all the ojjicers hold their commissions during the pleasure oj their several
constituents.

15. That this committee will sustain all damages that ever hereajter may accrue to all
or any of these ojjicers thus appointed and thus acting on account oj their obedience
and conformity to these resolves.

16. That whatever person hereajter shall receive a commission jrom the Crown or at-
tempt to exercise any such commission heretojore received shall be deemed an en-
emy to his country and upon injormation being made to the captain oj the company
in which he resides, the said company shall cause him to be apprehended and con-
veyed hejore the two selectmen oj the said company, who upon prooj oj the fact, shall
commit him the said ojjender to safe custody until the next sitting oj the committee,
who shall deal with him as prudence may direct.

17. That any person rejusing to yield obedience to the above resolves shall he considered
equally criminal and liable to the same punishment as the offenders above last men-
tioned.

18. That these resolves be in full jorce and virtue until instructions from the Provincial
Congress... shall provide otherwise or the legislative body oj Great Biitain resign its
unjust and arbitrary pretensions with respect to America.

19. That the eight Militia companies in this county do provide themselves with proper
arms and accoutrements and hold themselves in readiness to execute the commands
and directions oj the General Congress oj this Province and oj this CommHtee.

20. That the committee appoint Colonel Thomas Polk and Dr Joseph Kennedy to pur-
chase three hundred pounds oj powder, six hundred pounds ojlead and one thousand
jlintsjor the use oj the militia oj this county and deposit the same in such place as
the committee hereafter may direct.

Signed by order of the Committee,
Eph. Brevard, Clerk of the Committee

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

On May 31, 1775, a committee of Mecklenburg County citizens drew up a set
of resolves, declaring that all commissions theretofore issued by the Crown were to
be considered null and void. They proceeded to re-organize their local government,
saying they should "hold and exercise their several powers by virtue of this choice
and independent of the Crown of Great Britain and former constitution of this
province." These resolves were printed in the North Cavohna Gazette, New Bern,
June 16, 1775.

From North CaroUna History Told hy Contemporaries edited by Hugh Talmage
Lefler. Copyright © 1934 by the University of North Carolina Press, renewed 1956
and 1965. Used by permission of the publisher.

108

NORTH CAROLINA'S BEGINNINGS

CHAPTER TWO

109

OU R CON STITDTIO N : AN

Our Constitutions: An Historical Perspective

hy John L. Sanders

Former Director of the Institute of Government

The University oj North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Constitution of 1 776

Drafted and promulgated by the Fifth Provincial Congress in December, 1776,
without submission to the people, the Constitution of 1776 and its separate, but
accompanying, Declaration of Rights sketched the main outlines of the new state
government and secured the rights of the citizen from government interference.
While the principle of separation of powers was explicitly affirmed and the familiar
three branches of government were provided for, the true center of power lay in the
General Assembly. That body not only exercised full legislative power; it also chose
all the state executive and judicial ofhcers, the former for short terms and the judges
for life.

Profound distrust of the executive power is evident throughout the document.
The governor was chosen by the legislature for a one-year term and was eligible for
only three terms in six years. The little power granted him was hedged in many
instances by requiring the concurrence of a seven-member Council of State, chosen
by the legislature, for its exercise.

Judicial offices were established, but the court system itself was left to legislative
design. No system of local government was prescribed by the constitution, although
the offices of justice of the peace, sheriff, coroner and constable were created.

The system of legislative representation was based on units of local government.
The voters of each county elected one senator and two members of the House of
Commons, while six (later seven) towns each elected one member of the lower
house. It was distinctly a property owners government, for only landowners could
vote for senators until 1857 and progressive property qualifications were required
of members of the house, senators and the governor until 1868. Legislators were
the only state officers elected by the people until 1836.

The Convention of 1835

Dissatisfaction with the legislative representation system, which ga\-c no dircci
recognition to population, resulted in the Convention of 1835. Extensive
constitutional amendments adopted by that convention were ratified by a \oic of
the people — 26,771 to 21,606 — on November 9, 1835. The 1835 amcndmcnis
fixed the membership of the Senate and House of Commons at their present levels,

■HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

50 and 120. The new house apporiionment formula gave one seat to each county
and distributed the remainder of the seats — nearly half of them at that time —
according to a mathematical formula fax'oring the more populous counties. From
1836 until 1868, senators were elected from districts laid out according to the
amount of taxes paid to the state from the respective counties, thus distributing
senatorial representation m direct proportion to property values.

The Amendments of 1835 also instituted popular election of the governor for a
two-year term, greatly strengthening that office; relaxed the religious qualifications
for office holding; abolished suffrage for free black residents; equalized the capitation
lax on slaves and free white males; prohibited the General Assembly from granting
divorces, legitimating persons or changing personal names by private act; specified
procedures for the impeachment of state ofhcers and the removal of judges lor
disability; made legislative sessions biennial instead of annual; and provided methods
of amending the constitution. Following the precedent established m amending the
United States Constitution, the 1835 amendments were appended to the Constitution
of 1776, not incorporated m it as is the modern practice.

In 1857, voters approved the only amendment submitted to them between
1836 and 1868. The amendment — approved by a 50,095 to 19,382 vote —
abolished the 50-acre land ownership requirement for voters to cast ballots m state
senate races. The constitutional change opened that ballot to all white male taxpayers,
greatly increasing the number of North Carolinians eligible to vote for senators.

The Conxention of 1861-62

The Convention of 1861-62, called by act of the General Assembly, took the
State out of the Union and into the Confederacy and adopted a dozen constitutional
amendments. These changes were promulgated by the convention without
submitting them for voter approval, a procedure permitted by the state constitution
until 1971.

Jlte Convention of 1865-66

The Convention of 1865-66, called by the provisional governor on orders of
the President of the United States, nullified secession and abolished slaver)', with
voter approval, m 1865. It also drafted a revised state constitution m 1866. That
document was largely a restatement of the Constitution ot 1776 and the 1835
amendments, plus several new features. It was rejected by a vote of 21,770 to
19,880 on August 2, 1866.

The Convention of 1868

The Convention o^ 1868, called upon the initiative of Congress, but with a
popular vote of approval, wrote a new state constitution which the people ratified
in April, 1868, by a vote of 93,086 to 74,016. Drafted and put through the
convention by a combination of native Republicans and a few carpetbaggers, the

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

constitution was highly unpopular with the more conservative elements of the state.
For its time, it was a progressive and democratic instrument of government. In this
respect it differed markedly from the proposed Constitution of 1866.

The Constitution of 1868 was an amalgam of provisions copied or adapted
from the Declaration of Rights of 1776, the Constitution of 1776 and its amendments,
the proposed Constitution of 1866 and the constitutions of other states, together
with some new and original provisions. Although often amended, a majority of the
provisions in the 1868 constitution remained intact until 1971. The Constitution
of 1971 brought forward much of the 1868 language with liiilc or no change.

The Constitution of 1868 incorporated the 1776 Declaration of Rights into the
Constitution as Article I and added several important guarantees. The people were
given the power to elect all significant state executive officers, all judges and all
county officials, as well as state legislators. All property qualifications for voting
and office holding were abolished. The plan of representation in the Senate was
changed from a property to a popular basis, while the 1835 house apportionment
plan was retained. Annual legislative sessions were restored.

The executive branch of government was strengthened by popular election of
most department heads for four-year terms of office and the governor's powers were
mcreased sigmhcantly A srniple and uniform court system was established with
the jurisdiction of each court specified in the constitution. The distinctions between
actions at law and suits m equity were aboUshed.

For the first time, detailed constitutional provision was made for a system of
taxation and the powers of the General Assembly to \e\j taxes and to borrow money
were limited. Homestead and personal property exemptions were granted. Free
public schools were called for and the maintenance of penal and charitable institutions
by the state was commanded. A uniform scheme of county and township
government was prescribed.

The declared objective of the Conservative Party (under whose banner the older,
native pohtical leaders grouped themselves) was to repeal the Constitution of 1868
at the earliest opportunity When the Conservative Party gained control of the General
Assembly in 1870, a proposal to call a convention of the people to revise the
constitution was submitted by the General Assembly to the voters and rejected in
1871 by a vote of 95,252 to 86,007.

The General Assembly thereupon resorted to legislative initiative to amend ihc
constitution. That procedure called for legislative approval of each proposed
amendment at two successive sessions, followed by a vote of the people on the
amendment. The 1871-72 legislative session adopted an act calling for about liiree
dozen amendments to the constitution, all of which were intended to restore to the
General Assembly the bulk of the power over local government, the courts, and the

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

public schools and the University of North Carolina that had been taken from it by
the Constitution of 1868.

The 1872-73 session of the General Assembly approved eight of those
amendments for the second time and submitted them to a popular referendum.
Voters approved all eight m 1873 by wide margins. These amendments restored
biennial sessions of the General Assembly, transferred control of the University of
North Carolina from the State Board of Education to the General Assembly, abolished
various new state offices, altered the prohibition against double office-holding and
repealed the prohibition against repudiation of the state debt.

The Conxention of 1875

In 1875, the General Assembly called a convention of the people to consider
constitutional revision. This action was not confirmed by popular referendum and
none was constitutionally required at the time. The Convention of 1875 (the most
recent in the states history) sat for five weeks in the fall of that year. It vv^as a limited
convention that had been specihcally forbidden to attempt certain actions, such as
reinstatement of property quahfications for office-holding or voting.

The Convention of 1875 adopted — and the voters on November 7, 1876,
approved by a vote of 120,159 to 106,554 — a set of 30 amendments affecting 36
sections of the state constitution. These amendments (which took effect on Januaiy
1, 1877):

Prohibited secret political societies.

Moved the legislative convening date from November of even-numbered
years to January of odd-numbered years.

Fixed in the constitution for the first time the rate of legislative
compensation.

Called for legislation establishing a state Department of Agriculture.

Abandoned the simplicity and unifonnity of the 1868 court system by
giving the General Assembly the power to determine the jurisdiction of
all courts below the Supreme Court and establish such courts inferior to
the Supreme Court as it might see fit.

Reduced the Supreme Court from five to three members.

Required Superior Court judges to rotate among all judicial districts of
the state.

Disqualified for voting persons guilty of certain crimes.

Established a one-year residency requirement for voting.

Required non-discriminatory racial segregation in the public schools.

Gave the General Assembly full power to revise or abolish the form and
powers of county and township governments.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Simplified the procedure for constitutional amendment by providing that
the General Assembly might, by act adopted by three-fifths of each
house at one legislative session, submit an amendment to the voters of
the state (thus eliminating the former requirement of enactment by two
successive sessions of the General Assembly).

The principal effect of the amendments of 1873 and 1875 was to restore in
considerable measure the pre- 1868 power of the General Assembly, particularly
over the states courts and local governments. Documents from the late 19ih and
early 20th centuries occasionally refer to "the Constitution of 1876." There was no
such constitution. The 1875 amendments were simply inserted at the appropriate
places in the 1868 constitution, which continued in this amended form until 1971.
The designation "Constitution of 1876" may have been intended to relieve the 1868
constitution of the unpopularity heaped on it earlier by Conservative critics.

The amendments framed by the Convention of 1875 seem to have satisfied
most of the need for constitutional change for a generation. Only four amendments
were submitted by the General Assembly to the voters throughout the remainder of
the nineteenth century. Three of them were ratified; one failed.

In 1900, the suffrage article was revised to add a Uteracy test and poll tax
requirement for voting (the latter provision was repealed in 1920). A slate of ten
amendments prepared by a constitutional commission and proposed by the General
Assembly m 1913 was rejected by voters m 1914. With the passage of time and
amendments, the attitude towards the Constitution of 1868 had changed from
resentment to a reverence so great that, until the second third of the 20th Centur>',
amendments were very difficult to obtain. Between 1900 and 1933, voters ratified
15 constitutional amendments and rejected 20 others. During the first third of this
century nevertheless, amendments were adopted that lengthened the school term
from four to six months, prohibited legislative charters to private corporations,
authorized special Superior Court judges, further limited the General Assembly's
powers to levy taxes and incur debt, abolished the poll tax requirement for voting
and reduced the residence qualification for voters. Amendments designed to restrict
the legislature's power to enact local, private and special legislation were adopted,
but subsequently rendered partly ineffective by judicial interpretation.

The Proposed Constitution of 1933

A significant effort at general revision of the state constitution was made in
1931-33. A constitutional commission created by the General Assembly of H>'^1
drafted — and the General Assembly of 1933 approved — a revised constitution.

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Blocked by a technicality raised in an advisory opinion of the N.C. Supreme Court,
the proposed Constitution of 1933 never reached the voters for approval. It would
have;

Given the governor veto power.

Given the power to make all rules of practice and procedure in the
courts inferior to the Supreme Court to a judicial council composed of
all the judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts.

Required the creation of inferior courts by general laws only.

Removed most of the limitations on the taxing powers of the General
Assembly.

Required the General Assembly to provide for the organization and
powers of local governments by general law only.

Established an appointive state Board of Education with general
supervision over the public school system.

Established an enlightened policy of state responsibility for the
maintenance of educational, charitable and reformatory institutions and
programs.

Several provisions ol the proposed Constitution of 1933 were later incorporated
into the constitution by individual amendments. To a limited extent, the proposed
Constitution of 1933 ser\'ed as a model for the work of the 1957-59 Constitutional
Commission.

Between the mid- 1930s and the late 1960s, greater receptiveness to constitutional
change resulted in amendments:

Authorizing the classification of property for taxation.

Strengthening the limitations upon public debt.

Authorizing the General Assembly to enlarge the Supreme Court, divide
the State into judicial divisions, increase the number of Superior Court
judges and create a Department of Justice under the Attorney General.

Enlarging the Council of State by three members.

Creating a new, appointive State Board of Education with general
supervision of the schools.

Permitting women to serve as jurors.

Transferring the governors power to assign judges to the Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court and his parole power to a Board of Paroles.

Permitting the waiver of indictment in non-capital cases.

Raising the compensation of General Assembly members and authorizing
legislative expense allowances.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Increasing the general purpose property tax levy limitation and the
maximum income tax rate.

Authorizing the closing of public schools on a local option basis and the
payment of educational expense grants in certain cases.

The increased legislative and public willingness to accept constitutional change
between 1934 and 1960 resulted in 32 constitutional amendments being ratified
by the voters, while only six were rejected.

The Constitutional Commission of 1957-58

At the request of Governor Luther H. Hodges, the General Assembly of 1957
authorized the governor to appoint a fifteen-member Constitutional Commission
to study the need for changes m the state constitution and to make recommendations
pursuant to its findings to the governor and the 1959 session of the General Assembly.

The commission recommended rewriting the entire constitution and submitting
it to the voters for approval or disapproval as a unit, since the suggested changes
were too numerous to be easily effected by individual amendments. The proposed
constitution drafted by the commission represented in large part a careful job of
editorial pruning, rearrangement, clarification and modernization. It also incorporated
several significant, substantive changes. The Senate would have been increased from
50 to 60 members and the initiative (but not the sole authority) for decennial
redistricting of the Senate would have been shifted from the General Assembly to an
ex-officio committee of three legislative officers. Decennial reapportionment of the
House of Representatives would have been made a duty of the speaker of the House,
rather than of the General Assembly as a whole. Problems of succession to
constitutional state executive offices and how to setde questions of officers' disability
would have been either resolved in the constitution or had their resolution assigned
to the General Assembly The authority to classify property for taxation and to
exempt property from taxation would have been required to be exercised onl>- by
the General Assembly and only on a uniform, statewide basis. The requirement that
the public schools constitute a "general and uniform system" would have been
eliminated and the constitutional authority of the State Board of Education reduced.

Fairly extensive changes were recommended in the judicial article of the
constitution as well, including the estabfishment of a General Court of Justice with
an Appellate Division, a Superior Court Division and a Local Trial Court Division.
A uniform system of district courts and trial commissioners would have rephiccd
the existing multitude of inferior courts and justices of the peace. The creation ol an
intermediate Court of Appeals would have been provided for and uniformity of
jurisdiction of the courts within each division would have been required. Aside
from these changes, the General Assembly would have essentially retained its pre-
existing power over the courts, including jurisdiction and procedures.

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The General Assembly of 1959 also had before it a recommendation for a
constitutional reformation of the court system that had originated with a Court
Study Committee of the North Carolina Bar Association. In general, the
recommendations of that committee called for more fundamental changes m the
courts than those proposed by the Constitutional Commission. The extent of the
proposed authority of the General Assembly over the courts was the principal
difference between the two recommendations. The Constitutional Commission
generally favored legislative control of the courts and proposed only moderate
curtailment of the General Assembly's authority. The Court Study Committee,
however, accepted a more literal interpretation of the concept of an independent
judiciary. Its proposals, therefore, would have minimized the authority of the General
Assembly over the states courts, although structurally its system would have closely
resembled that recommended by the Constitutional Commission.

The proposed constitution received extensive attention from the General
Assembly of 1959. The Senate modified and passed the bill to submit the proposal
to the voters, but it failed to pass the House of Representatives, chiefly due to
disagreement over the issue of court revision.

As had been true of the proposed Constitution of 1933, the proposed
Constitution ol 1959, though not adopted as a whole, subsequently provided
material for several amendment proposals which were submitted individually to
the voters and approved by them during the next decade.

In the General Assembly of 1961, the proponents of court reform were successful
in obtaining enactment of a constitutional amendment, approved by the voters m
1962, that created a unihed and uniform General Court of Justice for the state.
Other amendments submitted by the same session and approved by the voters:

Provided for the automatic decennial reapportionment of the House of
Representatives.

Clarified the provisions for succession to elective state executive offices
and disabihty determination.

Authorized a reduction in the in-state residence period for voters for
President.

Allowed increases in the compensation of elected state executive officers
during their terms.

Required that the power of the General Assembly to classify and exempt
property for taxation be exercised by it alone and only on a uniform,
statewide basis.

The session of 1963 submitted two amendments. The hrst, to enlarge the rights
of married women to deal with their own property, was approved by the voters.
The second, to enlarge the Senate from 50 to 70 members and allocate one member
of the House of Representative to each county, was rejected by the voters. The

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

General Assembly of 1965 submitted, and the voters approved, an amendment
authorizing the legislative creation of a Court of Appeals.

The 1967 General Assembly proposed, and the voters approved, amendments
authorizing the General Assembly to hx its own compensation and revising the
legislative apportionment scheme to conform to the judicially-established
requirement of representation in proportion to population in both houses.

Constitution of 1971

From 1869 through 1968, a total of 97 propositions for amending the state
constitution were submitted to the voters. All but one of these proposals origmated
m the General Assembly Of those 97 amendment proposals, 69 were ratified by
the voters and 28 were rejected. The changing attitude of the voters toward
constitutional amendments is well illustrated by the fact that from 1869 to 1933,
21 of the 48 amendment propositions were rejected by the voters — a failure rate of
nearly 43%. Between 1933 and 1968, only seven of 49 proposed amendments
were rejected by the voters — a failure rate of only 14.3%.

After the amendments of the early 1960s, the pressure for constitutional change
subsided. Yet, while the frequent use of the amendment process had relieved many
of the pressures that otherwise would have strengthened the case for constitutional
reform, it had not kept the constitution current in all respects. Constitutional
amendments usually were drafted in response to particular problems experienced
or anticipated. They were generally limited in scope so as to achieve the essential
goal, while arousing minimum unnecessary opposition. This strategy meant
amendments sometimes were not as comprehensive as they should have been to
avoid inconsistency in result. Obsolete and invalid provisions cluttered the
constitution and misled unwary readers. Moreover, in the absence of a comprehensive
reappraisal, there had been no recent occasion to reconsider constitutional provisions
that, while obsolete, were not frustrating or unpopular enough to provoke curative
amendments.

The Constitutional Study Commission of 1968

It was perhaps for these reasons that when Governor Dan K. Moore
recommended to the North Carolina State Bar in the fall of 1967 that it lake the lead
m making a study of the need for revision of the state constitution, the bars response
was prompt and affirmative. The North Carolina State Bar and the North Carolina
Bar Association joined to create the North Carolina State Constitution Study
Commission, a joint agency of the two organizations. The commissions 25 members
(fifteen attorneys and ten laymen) were chosen by a steering coniniittee representative
of the sponsoring organizations. The chairman of the study commission was former
state Chief Justice Emery B. Denny

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The State Constituiie^n Study Commission worked throughout most of 1968.
It became clear early in the course of its proceedings that the amendments the
commission wished to propose were too numerous to be submitted to the voters
as independent propositions. On the other hand, the commission did not wish to
embody all of its proposed changes in a single document, to be approved or
disapproved by the voters on a single vote. The compromise procedure developed
by the commission and approved by the General Assembly was a blend of the two
approaches. The commission combined, m a revised text of the constitution, all of
the extensive editorial changes that it thought should be made m the constitution,
together with substantive changes that the commission judged would not be
controversial or fundamental in nature. These were embodied m the document that
came to be known as the Constitution of 1971.

Those proposals tor change deemed to be sufhciently fundamental or potentially
controversial m character were set out as independent amendment propositions, to
be considered by the General Assembly and by the voters of the state on their
independent merits. Thus, the opposition to the latter proposals would not be
cumulated. The separate proposals framed by the commission were ten m number,
including one extensive revision of the hnance article of the constitution which was
largely the work ol the Local Government Study Commission, a legislatively-
established group then at work on the revision of constitutional and statutory
provisions pertaining to local government. The amendments were so drafted that
any number or combination of them might be ratihed by the voters and still produce
a consistent result.

The General Assembly of 1969, which received the recommendations of the
State Constitution Study Commission, reviewed a total of 28 proposals for
constitutional amendments. Constitutional revision was an active topic of interest
throughout the session. The proposed Constitution ot 1971, in the course of seven
roll-call votes (four m the House of Representatives and three in the Senate), received
only one negative vote. The independent amendments fared variously; six were
ultimately approved by the General Assembly and submitted to the voters. These
included the executive reorganization amendment, the finance amendment, an
amendment to the income tax provision ot the constitution, a reassignment of the
benehts of escheats, authorization for calling extra legislative sessions on the petition
of members of the General Assembly and abolition of the literacy test for voting. All
but the last two of these amendments had been recommended by the State
Constitution Study Commission. At the election held on November 3, 1970, the
proposed Constitution of 1971 was approved by a vote of 393,759 to 251,132.
Five of the six separate amendments were also approved by the voters; the literacy
test repeal was rejected.

The Constitution of 1971 took effect under its own terms on July 1, 1971. So
did the executive reorganization amendment, the income tax amendment, the escheats

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amendment and the amendment with respect to extra legislative sessions, all of
which amended the Constitution of 1971 at the instant it took effect. The finance
amendment, which made extensive revisions in the Constitution of 1971 with respect
to debt and local taxation, took effect on July 1, 1973. The two-year delay in its
effective date was required in order for the General Assembly of 1973 to conform
state statutes on local government hnance to the terms of the amendment.

The Constitution of 1971, the State Constitution Study Commission stated in
its report recommending its adoption:

effects a general editorial revision of the constitution... The deletions,
reorganizations, and improvements in the clarity and consistency of language
will he found in the proposed constitution. Some of the changes are substantive,
hut none is calculated to impair any present right of the individual citizen or to
hring about any fundamental change in the power of state and local government
or the distribution of that power

The new constitution retained the old fourteen-article organization of its
predecessor, but the contents of several articles — notably Articles I, II, III, \', IX,
and X — were rearranged into a more logical sequence. Sections were shifted from
one article to another to arrange the subject matter more appropriately. Clearly
obsolete and erroneous text was deleted, as were provisions essentially legislative
m character. The new constitution sought uniformity of expression where uniformity
of meaning was important. Directness and currency of language were also sought,
together with standardization in spelling, punctuation, capitalization and other
essentially editorial matters. Greater brevity of the constitution as a whole was a by-
product of the revision, though not itself a primary objective.

The Declaration of Rights (Article I), which dates from 1776 (with some 1868
additions), was retained with a few additions. The organization of the article was
improved and the frequently used subjunctive mood was replaced by ihc imperative
in order to make clear that the provisions of that article are commands and no[ mere
admonitions. (For example, "All elections ought to be free" became "All elections
shall be free.") Guarantees of freedom of speech and equal protection of the laws
and a prohibition against exclusion from jur)' service or other discrimination by
the state on the basis of race or religion were added to the article. Since all of ihc
rights newly expressed m the Constitution of 1971 were already guaranteed by the
United States Constitution, their inclusion simply constituted an explicit recognition
by the state of their importance.

In the course of reorganizing and abbreviating Article 111 iiiie Executive), the
governor's role as chief executive was brought into clear focus. The scattered siatcmcnls
of the governor's duties were collected in one section to which was added a brief
statement of his budget powers, formerly merely statutory in origin. No change
was made m the governor's eligibility or term or in ihe list of slate executives then

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elected by the people. The governor, lieutenant governor and attorney general were
added to the Council of State (formerly seven elected executives with the governor
only serving as presiding officer) as ex-officio members.

Havmg been entirely rewritten in 1962, the judicial article (Article IV) was the
subject of little editorial alteration and of no substantive change.

The editorial amendments to Article V, dealing with finance and taxation, were
extensive. Provisions concerning finance were transferred to it from four other articles.
The former hnance provisions were expanded in some instances to make clearer
the meaning of excessively-condensed provisions. The only substantive change of
note gave a wife who is the primary wage-earner m the family the same
constitutionally-guaranteed income tax exemption now granted a husband who is
the chief wage-earner; she already had that benefit under statute.

The revision of Article VI (voting and elections) added out-of-state and federal
felonies to felonies committed against the State of North Carolina as grounds for
denial of voting and office-holding rights m this state. The General Assembly was
directed to enact general laws governing voter registration.

The provision that had been interpreted to mean that only voters can hold
office was modified to limit its application to popularly elected offices only Thus,
it is left to the legislature to determine whether one must be a voter m order to hold
an appointive office.

The Constitution of 1971 prohibits the concurrent holding of two or more
elective state offices or of a federal ofhce and an elective state office. It expressly
prohibits the concurrent holding of any two or more appointive offices or places of
trust or proht, or of any combination of elective and appointive offices or places of
trust or profit, except as the General Assembly may allow by general law.

The legislature retained the power to provide for local government, confining
the constitutional provisions on the subject to a general description of the General
Assembly's plenary authority over local government and a declaration that any unit
formed by the merger of a city and a county should be deemed both a city and a
county for constitutional purposes and a section retaining the sheriff as an elective
county officer.

The education article (Article IX) was rearranged to improve upon the former
hodge-podge treatment of public schools and higher education. Obsolete provisions
— especially those pertaining to racial matters — were eliminated and other changes
were made to reflect current practice in the administration and hnancing of schools.

The constitutionally mandated school term was extended from six months (set
in 1918) to a minimum of nine months (where it had been fixed by statute many
years earlier). The possibly restrictive age limits on tuition-free public schooling
were removed. Units of local government to which the General Assembly assigns a
share of responsibility for hnancing public education were authorized to hnance

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education programs, including both public schools and technical institutes and
community colleges, from local revenues without a popular vote of approval. It
was made mandatory (it was formerly permissive) that the General Assembly require
school attendance.

The Superintendent of Public Instruction was eliminated as a voting member of
the State Board of Education but retained as the boards secretary He was replaced
with an additional at-large appointee. A potential conflict of authority between the
superintendent and the board, both of which previously had constitutional authority
to administer the public schools, was eliminated by making the superintendent the
chief administrative officer of the board, which was charged with supervising and
administering the schools.

The provisions governing state and county school funds were retained with
only minor editorial modifications. Fines, penalties and forfeitures continued to be
earmarked for the county school fund.

The former provisions dealing with The University of North Carolina were
broadened into a statement of the General Assembly's duty to maintain a system of
higher education.

The General Assembly was authorized by the changes made in Article X
(Homesteads and Exemptions) to set the amounts of the personal property exemption
and the homestead exemption (constitutionally fixed at $500 and $1 ,000 respectively
since 1868) at what it considered to be reasonable levels, with the constitutional
figures being treated as minimums. The provision protecting the rights of married
women to deal with their own property was left untouched. The protection given
life insurance taken out for the benefit of wives and children was broadened.

The provisions prescribing the permissible punishments for crime and limiting
the crimes punishable by death (Article XI) were left essentially intact.

The procedures for constitutional revision (Article XIII) were made more explicit.

The five constitutional amendments ratified at the same time as the Constitution
of 1971 deser\^e particular mention.

The Constitutional Amendments of 1970-71

By the end of the 1960s, North Carolina state government consisted of over
200 state administrative agencies. The State Constitutional Study Commission
concluded, on the advice of witnesses who had tried it, that no governor could
effectively oversee an administrative apparatus of such disjointed complexity I he
commissions solution was an amendment, patterned after the Model State
Constitution and the constitutions of a few other states, rcquiiing the General

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Assembly to reduce the number of administrative departments to not more than 25
by 1975 and to give the governor authority to reorganize and consolidate agencies,
subject to disapproval by action of either house of the legislature if the changes
affected existing statutes.

The second separate constitutional amendment ratitied m 1970 supplemented
the existing authority of the governor to call extra sessions ot the General Assembly
with the advice of the Council of State. The amendment provided that, on written
request of three-ftfths of all the members of each house, the president ot the Senate
and the speaker of the House of Representatives must convene an extra session of
the General Assembly Thus the legislative branch is now able to convene itself,
notwithstanding the contrary wishes of the governor.

The most signihcant of the separate amendments — and m some ways the
most important of the constitutional changes ratified in 1970 — is the Finance
Amendment. This amendment, ratified m 1970 and effective July 1, 1973, is
especially important m the financing of local government. Its principal provisions:

Prohibited all forms of capitation or poll tax.

Authorized the General Assembly to enact laws empowering counties,
cities and towns to establish special taxing districts less extensive in area
than the entire county or city in order to finance the provision within
those special districts of a higher level of governmental service than that
available in the unit at large, either by supplementing existing services or
providing services not otherwise available. This provision eliminated the
previous necessity of creating a new, independent governmental unit to
accomplish the same result.

Provided that the General Assembly, acting on a uniform, statewide
basis, should make the final determination of whether voters must
approve the levy of property taxes or the borrowing of money to finance
particular activities of local government. For a century, the constitution
had required that the levying of taxes and the borrowing of money by
local government be approved by a vote of the people of the unit, unless
the money was to be used for a "necessary expense." The judiciary, not
the General Assembly, was the final arbiter of what was a "necessary
expense," and the Supreme Court tended to take a rather restrictive
view of necessity. The determination of what types of public
expenditures should require voter approval and what types should be
made by a governing board on its own authority was found by the
General Assembly to be a legislative and not a judicial matter. The
Finance Amendment hewed to this finding.

Authorized state and local government units to enter into contracts with
and appropriate money to private entities "for the accomplishment of
public purposes only." This was designed to facilitate cooperative
endeavors by government and the private sector for public purposes.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Defined the various forms of public financial obligations more precisely
than in the previous constitution, with the general effect of requiring
voter approval only for the issuance of general obligation bonds and
notes or for governmental guarantees of the debts of private persons or
organizations. The General Assembly was directed to regulate by general
law (permitting classified but not local acts) the contracting of debt by
local governments.

Retained the existing limitation that state and local governments may
not, without voter approval, borrow more than the equivalent of two-
thirds of the amount by which the unit's indebtedness was reduced
during the last fiscal period, except for purposes listed in the
constitution. This list was lengthened to include "emergencies
immediately threatening public health or safety."

Retained unchanged the provisions governing the classification and
exemption of property for purposes of property taxation.

Omitted the limitation of 20<t per $100 of valuation previously imposed
on the general county property tax.

The fourth independent amendment also dealt with taxation. It struck out a
schedule of specified minimum exemptions from ihe constitutional provision on
the state income tax, leaving those exemptions to be fixed by the General Assembly
This change enabled the legislature to provide for the filing of joint tax returns by
husbands and wives and to adopt a "piggyback" state income tax to be computed
on the same basis as the federal income tax, thus reUeving the taxpayer of two sets
of computations. The amendment retained the maximum tax rate of ten percent.

The final amendment ratified in 1970 assigned to a special fund the benefits of
property escheating to the state in cases where no heir or other lawful claimant
came forward. These benefits were henceforth to help needy North Carolina students
attend public institutions of higher education in the state. Property escheating prior
to July 1, 1971, continued to be held by the University of North Carolina as then
constituted.

The one amendment defeated by the voters in 1970 would have repealed the
state constitutional requirement that, in order to register as a voter, one must be
able to read and write the English language. The requirement had already been
nullified by federal legislation and the failure of repeal had no practical effect.

Constitutional Amendments, 1971-98

The General Assembly of 1971 submitted to the voters five state constitutional
amendments, all of which were ratified by referendum on November 7, 1972. These
amendments:

Set the constitutionally-specified voting age at 18 years.

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Required the General Assembly to set maximum age limits for service as
justices and judges of the state courts.

Authorized the General Assembly to prescribe procedures for the
censure and removal of state judges and justices.

Added to the constitution a statement of policy with regard to the
conservation and protection of natural resources.

Limited the authority of the General Assembly to incorporate cities and
towns within close proximity of existing municipalities.

The General Assembly, at its 1973 session, submitted — and voters in 1974
approved — an amendment changing the title of solicitor to that of district attorney.
The 1974 legislative session submitted an amendment authorizing the issuance by
state or county governments of revenue bonds to finance industrial facilities, a
measure the voters rejected.

In 1975, the General Assembly submitted two amendments authorizing
legislation to permit the issuance of tax-exempt revenue bonds by state and local
governments to finance health care facilities and by counties to finance industrial
tacihties. Both received voter approval on March 23, 1976.

The constitutional amendments of 1835 had permitted the voters to elect a
governor for two successive two-year terms. The Constitution of 1868 extended
the governors term to tour years, but prohibited the governor and lieutenant governor
from serving successive four-year terms of the same office. The 1971 constitution
retained this limitation. An amendment to empower voters to elect both the governor
and lieutenant governor to two successive terms of the same office was submitted
by the 1977 General Assembly and ratified by the voters on November 8, 1977.
Four other amendments were approved by the voters at the same time. These
amendments:

Required that the state operate on a balanced budget at all times.

Extended to widowers (as well as to widows) the benefit of the
homestead exemption.

Allowed a woman (as well as a man) to insure her life for the benefit of
her spouse or children free from all claims of the insured's creditors or
of her (or his) estate.

Authorized municipalities owning or operating electric power facilities to
do so jointly with other public or private power organizations and to
issue electric system revenue bonds to finance such facilities.

Only one amendment was proposed by the General Assembly of 1979. Approved
by the voters in 1980, it required that all justices and judges of the state courts be
licensed lawyers as a condition o( election or appointment to the bench.

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The 1981 session of the General Assembly sent five amendments to the voters
for decision on June 29, 1982. The two amendments ratified by the voters authorized
the General Assembly to provide for the recall of retired state Supreme Court justices
and Court of Appeals judges to temporary duty on either court and to empower the
Supreme Court to review direct appeals from the Utilities Commission. The voters
rejected amendments:

Extending the terms of all members of the General Assembly from two
to four years.

Authorizing the General Assembly to empower public agencies to
develop new and existing seaports and airports and to finance and
refinance seaport, airport and related commercial and industrial facilities
for public and private parties.

Authorizing the General Assembly to empower a state agency to issue
tax-exempt bonds to finance facilities for private institutions of higher
education.

At its 1982 session, the General Assembly submitted two amendments. On
November 2, 1982, the electorate ratified an amendment shifting the beginning of
legislative terms from the date of election to January 1 following the election. They
rejected an amendment that would have permitted municipalities to issue tax-
increment bonds without voter approval.

On May 8, 1984, voters ratified an amendment submitted by the General
Assembly of 1983 that authorized the General Assembly to create an agency to
issue tax-exempt revenue bonds to finance agricultural facilities. On November 6,
1984, voters approved an amendment requiring that the attorney general and all
district attorneys be hcensed lawyers as a condition of election or appointment.

An amendment to shift elections for state legislative, executive and judicial officers
and for county officers from even-numbered to odd-numbered years (beginning in
1989 for legislators and 1993 for governors and other state executives) was submitted
by the General Assembly of 1985 to the voters, who rejected it on May 6, 1986. An
amendment to revert to the pre- 1977 constitutional policy that barred the governor
and lieutenant governor from election to two successive terms of the same office
was proposed by the 1985 legislative session for a popular vote on November 4,
1986. The 1986 adjourned session repealed the act proposing the amcndmcni
before it could go to popular referendum.

In mid-1986, the General Assembly at its adjourned session voted to send to
the voters three constitutional amendments, all three of which were approved on
November 4, 1986. These amendments:

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Authorized legislation enabling state and local governments to develop
seaports and airports and to participate jointly with other public
agencies and with private parties and issue tax-exempt bonds for that
purpose.

Authorized the state to issue tax-exempt bonds to finance or refinance
private college facilities.

Provided that when a vacancy occurs among the eight elected state
executive officers (not including the governor and lieutenant governor)
or elected judges and justices more than 60 days (it had been 30 days)
before a general election, the vacancy must be filled at that election.

The legislative sessions Irom 1987 through 1994 sent only one proposed
constitutional amendment to the voters, an unusually low number for so long a
period. The 1993 session submitted a proposal to allow cities and counties to
issue tax increment bonds without voter approval. The amendment was rejected by
a wide margin at the polls on November 2, 1993.

The session of 1995 submitted three proposed amendments to voters, all of
which they approved by majorities of 3-1 on November 5, 1996. These
amendments:

Ended North Carolina's unique status as the only state in the Union that
did not allow its governor to veto legislation enacted by the state
legislature. Since January 1, 1997, the governor may veto ordinary
statewide legislation enacted by the General Assembly. His veto may,
however, be overridden by a vote of 3/5 of the members present and
voting in both houses of the legislature.

Expanded the types of punishments that state courts may impose on
persons convicted of crimes without their consent. This amendment
strengthens the basis for more modern forms of punishment, such as
probation and community service, not previously authorized by the state
constitution.

Assured victims of crime (as defined by the General Assembly) of
certain rights, such as the right to be informed about and attend court
proceedings held with respect to the accused.

Recent legislative sessions have considered several amendments to eliminate |
the popularly-elected status of the Superintendent of Public Instruction. In 1997,
one of those proposals won approval in the Senate and came within two votes of j
passing in the House of Representatives.

Two other amendments passed the Senate and remained before the House of
Representatives m the 1998 regular session. One amendment would limit legislative
sessions m odd-numbered years to 135 calendar days, which could be extended by
ten days. The amendment would limit regular sessions in even-numbered years to

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

60 days, also extendible by ten days. The amendment would also lengthen terms
for state senators from two years to four years, effective in 1998.

A second pending proposal would allow counties to increase the portion of the
value of an elderly or disabled taxpayers residence (homestead) excluded from
property taxation and raise the maximum mcome threshold for taxpayers to qualify
for the homestead exemption.

Conclusion

The people of North Carolina have treated their constitution with conservatism
and respect. The fact that we have adopted only three constitutions in over two
centuries of existence as a state is the chief evidence of that attitude (some states
have adopted as many as five or ten constitutions m a like period). The relatively
small number of amendments, even in recent years, is another point of contrast to
many states. It reflects the fact that North Carolina has been less disposed than have
many states to write into its state constitution detailed provisions dealing with
transitory or topical matters better left to legislation. The constitution has allowed
the General Assembly wide latitude for decision on public affairs. Legislators
consequently have been willing to accept responsibiUty for and act on matters within
their authority instead of passing the responsibiUty for difficult decisions on to the
voters m the form of constitutional amendments.

Constitutional draftsmen have not been so convinced of their owm exclusive
hold on wisdom or so doubtful of the reUability of later generations of legislators
that they found it necessary to write into the constitution the large amount of
regulatory detail often found in state constitutions. Delegates to constitutional
conventions and members of the General Assembly have acted consistently with
the advice of the late John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court ot
Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (1925-58), who observed:

The purpose oj a state constitution is two-fold: (1) to protect the lights of the
individual from encroachment by the state; and (2) to provide a framework of
government for the state and its subdivisions. It is not the Junction oj a constitution
to deal with temporary conditions, but to lay down general principles of
government which must be observed amid changing conditions. It follows, then,
that a constitution should not contain elaborate legislative provisions, but should
lay down briefly and clearly fundamental prmciplcs upon which government
shall proceed, leaving it to the people's representatives to apply these principles
through legislation to conditions as they arise.

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Constitutional Amendments Since 1868

This table counts each issue submitted to a vote of the people as a single
proposition, regardless of whether it actually involved a single section (often the
case), a whole article (such as the 1900 suffrage amendment and the 1962 court
amendment) or a revision of the entire constitution (such as those m 1868 and
1970).

Year oj Vote Raiijicd Rejected Year of Vote Ratified Rejected

1868

1948

1873

1950

1876

1952

1880

1954

1888

1956

1892

1958

1900

1962

1914

1964

1916

1966

1918

1968

1920

1970

1922

1972

1924

1974

1926

1976

1928

1977

1930

1980

1932

1982

1936

1984

1938

1986

1942

1993

1944

1996

1946

totals 101 36

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Constitution of North Carolina

[as amended to January 1 1998]

Preamble

We, the people of the State of North Carolina, grateful to Almighty God, the
Sovereign Ruler of Nations, for the preservation of the American Union and the
existence of our civil, political and religious liberties, and acknowledging our
dependence upon Him for the continuance of those blessings to us and our posterity,
do, for the more certain security thereof and for the better government of this State,
ordain and establish this Constitution.

Article I

Declaration of Rights

That the great, general, and essential principles of liberty and free government
may be recognized and estabUshed, and that the relations of this State to the Union
and government of the United States and those of the people of this State to the rest
of the American people may be defined and affirmed, we do declare that:

Section 1 . The equality and rights of persons. We hold it to be self-evident that all
persons are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain
inahenable rights; that among these are Ufe, liberty the enjoyment of the fruits ol
their own labor, and the pursuit of happiness.

Sec. 2. Sovereignty of the people. All political power is vested in and derived from
the people; all government of right originates from the people, is founded upon
their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole.

Sec. 3. Internal government of the State. The people of this State have the inherent,
sole, and exclusive right of regulating the internal government and police thereol.
and of altering or aboUshing their Constitution and form of government whenever
it may be necessary to their safety and happiness; but every such right shall be
exercised in pursuance of law and consistently with ihc Constitution ol ihc United
States.

Sec. 4. Secession prohibited. This State shall ever remain a mcnilier of the American
Union; the people thereof are part of the American nation; there is no right on the
part of this State to secede; and all attempts, from whatever source or upon whatever
pretext, to dissolve this Union or to sever this Nation, shall be resisted with the
whole power of the State.

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Sec. 5. Alle^ance to the United States. Every citizen of this State owes paramount
allegiance to the Constitution and government of the United States, and no law or
ordinance of the State in contravention or subversion thereof can have any binding
force.

Sec. 6. Separation of powers. The legislative, executive, and supreme judicial powers
of the State government shall be forever separate and distinct from each other.

Sec. 7. Suspending laws. All power of suspending laws or the execution of laws by
any authority, without the consent of the representatives of the people, is injurious
to their rights and shall not be exercised.

Sec. 8. Representation and taxation. The people of this State shall not be taxed or
made subject to the payment of any impost or duty without the consent of themselves
or their representatives m the General Assembly, freely given.

Sec. 9. Frequent elections. For redress of grievances and for amending and
strengthening the laws, elections shall be often held.

Sec. 10. Free elections. All elections shall be free.

Sec. 11. Property qualifications. As political rights and privileges are not dependent
upon or modified by property, no property qualihcations shall affect the right to
vote or hold office.

Sec. 12. Right of assembly and petition. The people have a right to assemble
together to consult for their common good, to instruct their representatives, and to
apply to the General Assembly for redress of grievances; but secret political societies
are dangerous to the liberties of a free people and shall not be tolerated.

Sec. 13. Religious liberty. All persons have a natural and inalienable right to worship
Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences, and no human
authority shall, m any case whatever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience.

Sec. 14. Freedom of speech and press. Freedom of speech and of the press are two
of the great bulwarks of liberty and therefore shall ne\'er be restrained, but ever)'
person shall be held responsible for their abuse.

Sec. 15. Education. The people have a right to the privilege of education, and it is
the duty of the State to guard and maintain that right.

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Sec. 16. Ex post facto laws. Retrospective laws, punishing acts committed before
the existence of such laws and by them only declared criminal, are oppressive,
unjust, and incompatible with liberty and therefore no ex post facto law shall be
enacted. No law taxing retrospectively sales, purchases, or other acts previously
done shall be enacted.

Sec. 17. Slavery and involuntary servitude. Slavery is forever prohibited.
Involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the parties have
been adjudged guilty is forever prohibited.

Sec. 18. Courts shall he open. All courts shall be open; every person for an injury-
done him m his lands, goods, person, or reputation shall have remedy by due
course of law; and right and justice shall be administered without favor, denial, or
delay.

Sec. 19. Law of the land; equal protection of the laws. No person shall be taken,
imprisoned, or disseized of his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed, or
exiled, or in any manner deprived of his Ufe, liberty, or property, but by the law of
the land. No person shall be denied the equal protection of the laws; nor shall any
person be subjected to discrimination by the State because of race, color, religion,
or national origin.

Sec. 20. General warrants. General warrants, whereby any officer or other person
may be commanded to search suspected places without e\idence of the act committed,
or to seize any person or persons not named, whose offense is not particularly
described and supported by evidence, are dangerous to liberty and shall not be
granted.

Sec. 21. Inquiry into restraints on liberty Every person restrained of his liberty is

entitled to a remedy to inquire into the lawfulness thereof, and to remove the restraint
if unlawful, and that remedy shall not be denied or delayed. The privilege of ihc
writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended.

Sec. 22. Modes of prosecution. Except in misdemeanor cases initiated in the Disirici
Court Division, no person shall be put to answer any criminal charge bui by
indictment, presentment, or impeachment. But any person, when represented by
counsel, may under such regulations as the General Assembly shall prescribe, waive
indictment in noncapital cases.

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Sec. 23. Rights oj accused. In all criminal prosecutions, ever}' person charged with
crime has the right to be informed of the accusation and to confront the accusers
and witnesses with other testimony, and to have counsel for defense, and not be
compelled to give self-incriminatmg evidence, or to pay costs, jail fees, or necessary
witness fees of the defense, unless found guilty.

Sec. 24. Right of jury trial in criminal cases. No person shall be convicted of any
crime but by the unanimous verdict of a juiy in open court. The General Assembly
may, however, provide for other means of trial for misdemeanors, with the right of
appeal for trial de novo.

Sec. 25. Right of jury trial in civil cases. In all controversies at law respecting
property, the ancient mode of trial by jury is one ot the best securities of the rights
of the people, and shall remain sacred and inviolable.

Sec. 26. Jury service. No person shall be excluded Irom ]ury service on account of
sex, race, color, religion, or national origin.

Sec. 27. Bail, fines, and punishments. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor
excessive hues imposed, nor cruel or unusual punishments inflicted.

Sec. 28. Imprisonment for debt. There shall be no imprisonment for debt in this
State, except m cases of fraud.

Sec. 29. Treason against the State. Treason against the State shall consist only of
levying war against it or adhering to its enemies by giving them aid and comfort.
No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses
to the same overt act, or on confession m open court. No conviction of treason or
attainder shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture.

Sec. 30. Militia and the right to bear arms. A well regulated militia being necessary
to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not
be infringed; and, as standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty they
shall not be maintained, and the militar)' shall be kept under strict subordination
to, and governed by, the civil power. Nothing herein shall justify the practice of
carrying concealed weapons, or prevent the General Assembly from enacting penal
statutes against that practice.

Sec. 31. Quartering of soldiers. No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in
any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner
prescribed by law.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Sec. 32. Exclusive emoluments. No person or set of persons is entitled to exclusive
or separate emoluments or privileges from the community but in consideration of
public services.

Sec. 33. Hereditary emoluments and honors. No hereditary emoluments, privileges,
or honors shall be granted or conferred in this State.

Sec. 34. Perpetuities and monopolies. Perpetuities and monopolies are contrar)' to
the genius of a free state and shall not be allovv^ed.

Sec. 35. Recurrence to fundamental principles. A frequent recurrence to fundamental
principles is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty.

Sec. 36. Other rights of the people. The enumeration of rights in this Article shall
not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people.

Sec. 37. Rights of victims of crime.

(1) Basic rights. Victims of crime, as prescribed by law, shall be entided to the
following basic rights:

(a) The right as prescribed by law to be informed of and to be present at
court proceedings of the accused.

(b) The right to be heard at sentencing of the accused in a manner prescribed
by law, and at other times as prescribed by law or deemed appropriate by
the court.

(d) The right as prescribed by law to be given information about the crime,
how the criminal justice system works, the rights of victims, and the
availability of services for victims.

(e) The right as prescribed by law to receive information about the conviction
or final disposition and sentence of the accused.

(0 The right as prescribed by law to receive notification oi escape, release.
proposed parole or pardon of the accused, or notice of a reprieve or
commutation of the accuseds sentence.

(g) The right as prescribed by law to present their views and concerns to
the Governor or agency considering any action that could result in the release
of the accused, prior lo such action becoming effect i\'c.
(h) The right as prescribed by law to confer with the prosecution.

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(2) No money damages; other enforcement. Nothing in this section shall be
construed as creating a claim for money damages against the State, a county, a
municipality, or any of the agencies, instrumentalities, or employees thereof.
The General Assembly may provide for other remedies to ensure adecjuate
enforcement ol this section.

(3) No ground for relief in criminal case. The failure or inability of any person
to provide a right or service provided under this section may not be used by a
defendant in a criminal case, an inmate, or any other accused as a ground for
relief in any trial, appeal, postconviction litigation, habeas corpus, civil action,
or any similar criminal or civil proceeding.

Article II

Legislatixe

Section 1 . Legislative power. The legislative power of the State shall be vested m
the General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.

Sec. 2. Number of Senators. The Senate shall be composed of 50 Senators, biennially
chosen by ballot.

Sec. 3. Senate districts; apportionment of Senators. The Senators shall be elected
from districts. The General Assembly, at the hrst regular session convening after
the return of every decennial census of population taken by order of Congress,
shall revise the senate districts and the apportionment ot Senators among those
districts, subject to the following requirements:

(1) Each Senator shall represent, as nearly as may be, an equal number of
inhabitants, the number of inhabitants that each Senator represents being
determined tor this purpose by dividing the population of the district that he
represents by the number of Senators apportioned to that district;

(2) Each senate district shall at all times consist oi contiguous territoiy;

(3) No county shall be divided m the formation of a senate district;

(4) When established, the senate districts and the apportionment of Senators
shall remain unaltered until the return of another decennial census of population
taken by order of Congress.

Sec. 4. Number of Representatives. The House of Representatives shall be composed
of 120 Representatives, biennially chosen by ballot.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Sec. 5. Representative districts; apportionment of Representatives. The
Representatives shall be elected from districts. The General Assembly, at the first
regular session convening after the return of every decennial census of population
taken by order of Congress, shall revise the representative districts and the
apportionment of Representatives among those districts, subject to the following
requirements:

(1) Each Representative shall represent, as nearly as may be, an equal number
of inhabitants, the number of inhabitants that each Representative represents
being determined for this purpose by dividing the population of the district
that he represents by the number of Representatives apportioned to that district;

(2) Each representative district shall at all times consist of contiguous territor)';

(3) No county shall be divided in the formation of a representative district;

(4) When established, the representative districts and the apportionment of
Representatives shall remain unaltered until the return of another decennial census
of population taken by order of Congress.

Sec. 6. Qualifications for Senator Each Senator, at the time of his election, shall be
not less than 25 years of age, shall be a qualified voter of the State, and shall have
resided in the State as a citizen for two years and m the district for which he is
i chosen for one year immediately preceding his election.

' Sec. 7. Qualifications for Representative. Each Representative, at the time of his
I election, shall be a quaUfied voter of the State, and shall have resided in the disirici
j for which he is chosen for one year immediately preceding his election.

Sec. 8. Elections. The election for members of the General Assembly shall be held
for the respective districts m 1972 and every two years thereafter, at the places and
on the day prescribed by law.

Sec. 9. Term of office. The term of office of Senators and Representatives shall
commence on the first day of January next after their election.

Sec. 10. Vacancies. Every vacancy occurring in the membership of the General
Assembly by reason of death, resignation, or other cause shall be filled in the manner
prescribed by law.

Sec. 11. Sessions.

(1) Regular Sessions. The General Assembly shall meet in regular session in
1973 and every two years thereafter on the day prescribed by law Neither
house shall proceed upon public business unless a majority of all of its members
are actually present.

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(2) Extra sessions on legislative call. The President of the Senate and the
Speaker of the House of Representatives shall convene the General Assembly m
extra session by their joint proclamation upon receipt by the President of the
Senate of written requests therefor signed by three-hfths of all the members of j
the Senate and upon receipt by the Speaker of the House of Representatives of j
written requests therefor signed by three-fifths of all the members of the House j
of Representatives.

Sec. 12. Oath oj members. Each member of the General Assembly before taking
his seat, shall take an oath or affirmation that he will support the Constitution and
laws of the United States and the Constitution of the State of North Carolina, and
will faithfully discharge his duty as a member of the Senate or House of
Representatives.

Sec. 13. President of the Senate. The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the
Senate and shall preside over the Senate, but shall have no vote unless the Senate is
equally divided.

Sec. 14. Other officers of the Senate.

{!) President Pro Tempore - succession to presidency. The Senate shall elect
from Its membership a President Pro Tempore, who shall become President of
the Senate upon the failure of the Lieutenant Governor-elect to qualify, or upon
succession by the Lieutenant Governor to the office of Governor, or upon the
death, resignation, or removal from office of the President of the Senate, and
who shall serve until the expiration of his term of ofhce as Senator.

(2) President Pro Tempore - temporary succession. During the physical or
mental incapacity of the President of the Senate to perform the duties ol his
office, or during the absence of the President of the Senate, the President Pro
Tempore shall preside over the Senate.

(3) Other officers. The Senate shall elect its other otficers.

Sec. 15. Officers of the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives
shall elect its Speaker and other ofhcers.

Sec. 16. Compensation and allowances. The members and officers of the General
Assembly shall receive for their services the compensation and allowances prescribed
by law. An increase in the compensation or allowances of members shall become
effective at the beginning of the next regular session of the General Assembly following
the session at which it was enacted.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Sec. 17. Journals. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, which shall
be printed and made public immediately after the adjournment of the General
Assembly.

Sec. 18. Protests. Any member of either house may dissent from and protest
against any act or resolve which he may think injurious to the public or to any
individual, and have the reasons of his dissent entered on the journal.

Sec. 19. Record votes. Upon motion made in either house and seconded by one
fifth of the members present, the yeas and nays upon any question shall be taken
and entered upon the journal.

Sec. 20. Powers of the General Assembly. Each house shall be judge of the
qualifications and elections of its own members, shall sit upon its own adjournment
from day to day, and shall prepare bills to be enacted into laws. The two houses
may jointly adjourn to any future day or other place. Either house may, of its own
motion, adjourn for a period not in excess of three days.

Sec. 21. Style of the acts. The style of the acts shall be: "The General Assembly of
North Carolina enacts:".

Sec. 22. Action on bills.

(1) Bills subject to veto by Governor; override of veto. Except as provided by
subsections (2) through (6) of this section, all bills shall be read three times in
each house and shall be signed by the presiding officer of each house before
being presented to the Governor. If the Governor approves, the Governor shall
sign it and it shall become a law; but if not, the Governor shall return ii with
objections, together with a veto message stating the reasons for such objections,
to that house in which it shall have originated, which shall enter the objections
and veto message at large on its journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If alter
such reconsideration three-ftfths of the members of that house present and voting
shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections and \-eio
message, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if
approved by three-hfths of the members of that house present and voting, it
shall become a law notwithstanding the objections oi the Governor. In all such
cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the
names of the members voting shall be entered on the journal of each house
respectively.

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(2) Amendments to Constitution of North Carolina. Ever)' bill proposing a
new or revised Constitution or an amendment or amendments to this
Constitution or calling a convention of the people of this State, and containing
no other matter, shall be submitted to the qualified voters of this State after it
shall have been read three times m each house and signed by the presiding
officers of both houses.

(3) Amendments to Constitution of the United States. Every bill approving an
amendment to the Constitution of the United States, or applying for a convention
to propose amendments to the Constitution of the United States, and containing
no other matter, shall be read three times in each house before it becomes law,
and shall be signed by the presiding officers of both houses.

(.4) Joint resolutions. Every joint resolution shall be read three times in each
house before it becomes effective and shall be signed by the presiding officers
of both houses.

(5) Other exceptions. Ever)' bill:

(a) In which the General Assembly makes an appointment or appointments
to pubhc office and which contains no other matter;

(b) Revising the senate districts and the apportionment of Senators among
those districts and containing no other matter;

(c) Revising the representative districts and the apportionment of
Representatives among those districts and containing no other matter; or

(d) Revising the districts for the election of members of the House of
Representatives of the Congress of the United States and the apportionment
of Representatives among those districts and containing no other matter,
shall be read three times m each house before it becomes law and shall be
signed by the presiding officers of both houses.

(6) Local bills. Every bill that applies m fewer than 15 counties shall be read
three times m each house before it becomes law and shall be signed by the
presiding officers of both houses. The exemption from veto by the Governor
provided m this subsection does not apply if the bill, at the time it is signed by
the presiding officers:

(a) Would extend the application of a law signed by the presiding officers
during that two year term of the General Assembly so that the law would
apply in more than half the counties in the State, or

(b) Would enact a law identical m effect to another law or laws signed by
the presiding officers during that two year term of the General Assembly
that the result of those laws taken together would be a law applying in
more than half the counties m the State.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Notwithstanding any other language in this subsection, the exemption from
veto provided by this subsection does not apply to any bill to enact a general
law classified by population or other criteria, or to any bill that contains an
appropriation from the State treasury.

(7) Time for action by Governor; reconvening of session. If any bill shall not
be returned by the Governor within 10 days after it shall have been presented to
him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the
General Assembly shall have adjourned:

(a) For more than 30 days jointly as provided under Section 20 of Article II
of this Constitution; or

(b) Sine die m which case it shall become a law unless, within 30 days after
such adjournment, it is returned by the Governor with objections and veto
message to that house in which it shall have originated. When the General
Assembly has adjourned sine die or for more than 30 days jointly as provided
under section 20 of Article 11 of this Constitution, the Governor shall
reconvene that session as provided by Section 5(11) of Article 111 of this
Constitution for reconsideration of the bill, and if the Governor does not
reconvene the session, the bill shall become law on the fortieth day after
such adjournment. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, if the Governor
prior to reconvening the session receives written requests dated no earlier
than 30 days after such adjournment, signed by a majority of the members
of each house that a reconvened session to reconsider vetoed legislation is
unnecessary, the Governor shall not reconvene the session for that purpose
and any legislation vetoed in accordance with this section after adjournment
shall not become law

(8) Return of bills after adjournment. For purposes of return of bills not
approved by the Governor, each house shall designate an officer to receive
returned bills during its adjournment.

Sec. 23. Revenue hills. No law shall be enacted to raise money on the credit of ihc
State, or to pledge the faith of the State directly or indirectly for the payment of any
debt, or to impose any tax upon the people of the State, or to allow the counties.
cities, or towns to do so, unless the bill for the purpose shall have been read ihrcc
several times in each house of the General Assembly and passed three several
readings, which readings shall have been on three different days, and shall have
been agreed to by each house respectively and unless ihe yeas and nays on ihe
second and third readings of the bill shall have been cnicied on the journal.

Sec. 24. Limitations on local, private, and special legislation.

(1) Prohibited subjects. The General Assembly shall not enact any local, private,
or special act or resolution:

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

(a) Relating lo health, sanitation, and the abatement ot nuisances;

(b) Changing the names of cities, towns, and townships;

(d) Relating to ferries or bridges;

(e) Relating to non-navigable streams;
(0 Relating to cemeteries;

(g) Relating to the pay of jurors;

(h) Erecting new townships, or changing township lines, or establishing
or changing the lines of school districts;

(i) Remitting fines, penalties, and forfeitures, or refunding moneys legally
paid into the public treasuiy;

(j) Regulating labor, trade, mining, or manufacturing;

Ck) Extending the time for the lexy or collection of taxes or othei-wise relieving
any collector of taxes from the due performance of his official duties or his
sureties from liability;

(1) Giving effect to informal wills and deeds;

(m) Granting a divorce or securing alimony in any individual case;

(n) Altering the name of any person, or legitimating any person not born in
lawful wedlock, or restoring to the rights of citizenship any person convicted
of a felony.

(2) Repeals. Nor shall the General Assembly enact any such local, private, or
special act by the partial repeal of a general law; but the General Assembly may
at any time repeal local, private, or special laws enacted by it.

(3) Prohibited acts void. Any local, private, or special act or resolution enacted
m violation of the provisions of this Section shall be void.

(4) General laws. The General Assembly may enact general laws regulating the
matters set out in this Section.

Article III

Executive

Section 1. Executive power. The executive power of the State shall be vested m the
Governor.

Sec. 2. Governor and Lieutenant Governor: election, term, and qualifications.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

(1) Election and term. The Governor and Lieutenant Governor shall be elected
by the qualified voters of the State in 1972 and every four years thereafter, at the
same time and places as members of the General Assembly are elected. Their
term of office shall be four years and shall commence on the first day of Januar}'
next after their election and continue until their successors are elected and
quahfied.

(2) Qualifications. No person shall be eligible for election to the ofhce of
Governor or Lieutenant Governor unless, at the time of his election, he shall
have attained the age of 30 years and shall have been a citizen of the United
States for five years and a resident of this State for two years immediately preceding
his election. No person elected to the office of Governor or Lieutenant Governor
shall be eligible for election to more than two consecutive terms of the same
ofhce.

. 3. Succession to office of Governor.

(1) Succession as Governor. The Lieutenant Governor-elect shall become
Governor upon the failure of the Governor-elect to qualify The Lieutenant
Governor shall become Governor upon the death, resignation, or removal from
ofhce of the Governor. The further order of succession to the ofhce of Governor
shall be prescribed by law. A successor shall serve for the remainder of the term
of the Governor whom he succeeds and until a new Governor is elected and
qualified.

(2) Succession as Acting Governor. During the absence of the Governor from
the State, or during the physical or mental incapacity of the Governor to perform
the duties of his office, the Lieutenant Governor shall be Acting Governor. The
further order of succession as Acting Governor shall be prescribed by law.

(3) Physical incapacity The Governor may by a written statement filed with
the Attorney General, declare that he is physically incapable o( performing the
duties of his office, and may thereafter in the same manner declare that he is
physically capable of performing the duties of his office.

(4) Mental mcapacity The mental mcapacity of the Governor to perform the
duties of his office shall be determined only by joint resolution adopted by a
vote of two-thirds of all the members of each house of the General Assembly
Thereafter, the mental capacity of the Governor lo perform the duties of his
office shall be determined only by joint resolution adopted by a vole of a majoriiy
of all the members of each house of the General Assembly in all cases, ihe
General Assembly shall give the Governor such notice as it may deem proper
and shall allow him an opportunity to be heard before a joint session of the
General Assembly before it takes final action. When the General Assembly is
not m session, the Council of State, a majority of its members concurring, may
convene it in extra session for the purpose of proceeding under this paragraph.

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(5) Impeachment. Removal of the Governor from office for any other cause
shall be by impeachment.

Sec. 4. Oath of office for Governor. The Governor, before entering upon the duties
of his office, shall, before any Justice of Supreme Court, take an oath or affirmation
that he will support the Constitution and laws of the United States and of the State
of North Carolina, and that he will faithfully perform the duties pertaining to the
ofhce of Governor.

Sec. 5. Duties of Governor

(1) Residence. The Governor shall reside at the seat of government of this
State.

(2) Information to General Assembly The Governor shall from time to time
give the General Assembly information of the affairs of the State and recommend
to their consideration such measures as he shall deem expedient.

(3) Budget. The Governor shall prepare and recommend to the General
Assembly a comprehensive budget of the anticipated revenue and proposed
expenditures of the State for the ensuing hscal period. The budget as enacted
by the General Assembly shall be administered by the Governor.

The total expenditures of the State for the hscal period covered by the budget
shall not exceed the total of receipts during that hscal period and the surplus
remaining m the State Treasury at the beginning of the period. To insure that
the State does not incur a dehcit for any hscal period, the Governor shall
continually survey the collection of the revenue and shall effect the necessary
economies m State expenditures, after hrst making adequate provision for the
prompt payment of the principal of and interest on bonds and notes of the State
according to their terms, whenever he determines that receipts during the tiscal
period, when added to any surplus remaining in the State Treasury at the
beginning of the period, will not be sufhcient to meet budgeted expenditures.
This section shall not be construed to impair the power of the State to issue its
bonds and notes withm the limitations imposed m Article V of this Constitution,
nor to impair the obligation of bonds and notes of the State now outstanding
or issued hereafter.

(4) Execution of laws. The Governor shall take care that the laws be faithfully
executed.

(5) Commander m Chief. The Governor shall be Commander m Chief of the
military forces of the State except when they shall be called into the service of
the United States.

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(6) Clemency. The Governor may grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons,
after con\4ction, for all offenses (except m cases of impeachment), upon such
conditions as he may think proper, subject to regulations prescribed by law
relative to the manner of applying for pardons. The terms reprieves,
commutations, and pardons shall not include paroles.

(7) Extra sessions. The Governor may, on extraordinary occasions, by and
with the advice of the Council of State, convene the General Assembly in extra
session by his proclamation, stating therein the purpose or purposes for which
they are thus convened.

(8) Appointments. The Governor shall nominate and by and with the advice
and consent of a majority of the Senators appoint all officers whose appointments
are not otherwise provided for.

(9) Information. The Governor may at any time require information in writing
from the head of any administrative department or agency upon any subject
relating to the duties of his office.

(10) Administrative reorganization. The General Assembly shall prescribe the
functions, powers, and duties of the administrative departments and agencies
of the State and may alter them from time to time, but the Governor may make
such changes in the allocation of offices and agencies and in the allocation of
those functions, powers, and duries as he considers necessary for efficient
administration. If those changes affect existing law, they shall be set forth in
executive orders, which shall be submitted to the General Assembly not later
than the sixtieth calendar day of its session, and shall become effective and shall
have the force of law upon adjournment sine die of the session, unless specifically
disapproved by resolution of either house of the General Assembly or specificall)'
modified by joint resolution of both houses of the General Assembly

(11) Reconvened sessions. The Governor shall, when required by Section 11
of Article II of this Constitution, reconvene a session of the General Assembly
At such reconvened session, the General Assembly may only consider such
bills as were returned by the Governor to that reconvened session for
reconsiderarion. Such reconvened session shall begin on a date set by ihc
Governor, but no later than 40 days after the General Assembly adjourned:

(a) For more than 30 days jointly as provided under Section 20 of Ariick- II
of this Constitution; or

(b) Sine die.

If the date of reconvening the session occurs aficr ihc expiration of the
terms of office of the members of the General Assembly then the members
serving for the reconvened session shall be the members for the succeeding
term.

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Sec. 6. Duties of the Lieutenant Governor. The Lieuienani Governor shall be ^
President ol the Senate, but shall have no vote unless the Senate is equally divided.
He shall perform such additional duties as the General Assembly or the Governor
may assign to him. He shall receive the compensation and allowances prescribed
by law.

Sec. 7. Other elective officers.

(1) Officers. A Secretary of State, an Auditor, a Treasurer, a Superintendent of!
Public Instruction, an Attorney General, a Commissioner of Agriculture, a ,
Commissioner of Labor, and a Commissioner of Insurance shall be elected by
the qualified voters of the State m 1972 and every four years thereafter, at the
same time and places as members of the General Assembly are elected. Their
term of ofhce shall be four years and shall commence on the hrst day of January ;
next after their election and continue until their successors are elected and
qualified.

(2) Duties. Their respective duties shall be prescribed by law. i

(3) Vacancies. If the office of any of these officers is vacated by death, resignation,
or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the Governor to appoint another to ser\'e :
until his successor is elected and qualified. Every such vacancy shall be hlled
by election at the first election for members of the General Assembly that occurs
more than 60 days after the vacancy has taken place, and the person chosen
shall hold the ofhce for the remainder of the unexpired term hxed m this Section.
When a vacancy occurs m the ofhce of any of the ofhcers named m this Section
and the term expires on the hrst day of January succeeding the next election lor
members of the General Assembly, the Governor shall appoint to hll the vacancy
for the unexpired term of the ofhce. i

(4) Interim ofhcers. Upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the ofhce of any one
of these ofhcers for any of the causes stated m the preceding paragraph, the ■
Governor may appoint an interim ofhcer to perform the duties of that ofhce
until a person is appointed or elected pursuant to this Section to hll the vacancy '
and IS qualihed. ,

(5) Acting ofhcers. During the physical or mental incapacity of any one of >
these ofhcers to perform the duties of his ofhce, as determined pursuant to this '
Section, the duties of his ofhce shall be performed by an acting ofhcer who i
shall be appointed by the Governor.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

(6) Determination of incapacity. The General Assembly shall by law prescribe
with respect to those officers, other than the Governor, whose offices are created
by this Article, procedures for determining the physical or mental incapacity of
any officer to perform the duties of his office, and for determining whether an
officer who has been temporarily incapacitated has sufficiently recovered his
physical or mental capacity to perform the duties of his office. Removal of
those officers from office for any other cause shall be by impeachment.

(7) Special Qualifications for Attorney General. Only persons duly authorized
to practice law in the courts of this State shall be eligible for appointment or
election as Attorney General.

Sec. 8. Council of State. The Council of State shall consist of ihc officers whose
offices are established by this Article.

Sec. 9. Compensation and allowances. The officers whose offices are established
by this Article shall at stated periods receive the compensation and allowances
prescribed by law, which shall not be diminished during the time for which they
have been chosen.

Sec. 10. Seal of State. There shall be a seal of the State, which shall be kept by the
Governor and used by him as occasion may require, and shall be called "The Great
Seal of the State of North CaroHna". All grants and commissions shall be issued in
the name and by the authority of the State of North Carolina, sealed with "The Great
Seal of the State of North Carolina", and signed by the Governor.

Sec. 11. Administrative departments. Not later than July 1, 1975, all administrative
departments, agencies, and offices of the State and their respective functions, powers,
and duties shall be allocated by law among and within not more than 25 principal
administrative departments so as to group them as far as practicable according to
major purposes. Regulatory quasi-judicial, and temporary agencies may, but need
not, be allocated within a principal department.

Article IV

Judicial

Section 1. Judicial power. The judicial power of the State shall, except as provided
in Section 3 of this Article, be vested in a Court for the Trial of Impeachmcnis and
in a General Court of Justice. The General Assembly shall have no power lo deprive
the judicial department of any power or jurisdiction ihai rightfully pertains to it as
a co-ordinate department of the government, nor shall it establish or authorize any
courts other than as permitted by this Article.

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Sec. 2. General Court of Justice. The General Court of Justice shall constitute a
unified judicial system for purposes of jurisdiction, operation, and administration,
and shall consist of an Appellate Di\dsion, a Superior Court Division, and a District
Court Division.

Sec. 3. Judicial powers of administrative agencies. The General Assembly may vest
in administrative agencies established pursuant to law such judicial powers as may
be reasonably necessary as an incident to the accomplishment of the purposes for
which the agencies were created. Appeals from administrative agencies shall be to
the General Court of Justice.

Sec. 4. Court for the Trial of Impeachments. The House of Representatives solely
shall have the power of impeaching. The Court for the Trial of Impeachments shall
be the Senate. When the Governor or Lieutenant Governor is impeached, the Chief
Justice shall preside over the Court. A majority of the members shall be necessary
to a quorum, and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-
thirds of the Senators present. Judgment upon conviction shall not extend beyond
removal from and disqualification to hold ofhce m this State, but the party shall be
liable to indictment and punishment according to law.

Sec. 5. Appellate division. The Appellate Division of the General Court of Justice
shall consist of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals.

Sec. 6. Supreme Court.

(1) Membership. The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and six
Associate Justices, but the General Assembly may increase the number of
Associate Justices to not more than eight. In the event the Chief Justice is
unable, on account of absence or temporaiy incapacity, to perform any of the
duties placed upon him, the senior Associate Justice available may discharge
those duties.

(2) Sessions of the Supreme Court. The sessions of the Supreme Court shall'
be held in the City of Raleigh unless otherwise provided by the General
Assembly. '

Sec. 7. Court of Appeals. The structure, organization, and composition oi the
Court of Appeals shall be determined by the General Assembly. The Court shall'
have not less than five members, and may be authorized to sit m divisions, or other'
than en banc. Sessions of the Court shall be held at such times and places as the;
General Assembly may prescribe. I

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Sec. 8. Retirement of Justices and Judges. The General Assembly shall provide by
general law for the retirement of Justices and Judges of the General Court of Justice,
and may provide for the temporary recall of any retired Justice or Judge to ser\'e on
the court or courts of the division from which he was retired. The General Assembly
shall also prescribe maximum age Hmits for service as a Justice or Judge.

Sec. 9. Superior Courts.

(1) Superior Court districts. The General Assembly shall, from time to lime,
divide the State into a convenient number of Superior Court judicial districts
and shall provide for the election of one or more Superior Court Judges for
each district. Each regular Superior Court Judge shall reside in the district for
which he is elected. The General Assembly may provide by general law for the
selection or appointment of special or emergency Superior Court Judges not
selected for a particular judicial district.

(2) Open at all times; sessions for trial of cases. The Superior Courts shall be
open at all times for the transaction of all business except the trial of issues of
fact requiring a jury Regular trial sessions of the Superior Court shall be held
at times fixed pursuant to a calendar of courts promulgated by the Supreme
Court. At least two sessions for the trial of juiy cases shall be held annually in
each county.

(3) Clerks. A Clerk of the Superior Court for each county shall be elected for
a term of four years by the qualified voters thereof, at the same time and places
as members of the General Assembly are elected. If the office of Clerk of the
Superior Court becomes vacant otherwise than by the expiration of the term, or
if the people fail to elect, the senior regular resident Judge of the Superior Court
serving the county shall appoint to fill the vacancy until an election can be
regularly held.

Sec. 10. District Courts. The General Assembly shall, from lime lo lime, divide
the State into a convenient number of local court districts and shall prescribe where
the District Courts shall sit, but a District Court must sit in at least one place in each
county District Judges shall be elected for each district for a term of four years, in
a manner prescribed by law. When more than one District Judge is authorized and
elected for a district, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall designate one of
the judges as Chief District Judge. Every District Judge shall reside in the district
for which he is elected. For each county, the senior regular resident Judge of the
Superior Court serving the county shall appoirii for a term o\ two years, from
nominations submitted by the Clerk of the Superior Court of the county one or
more Magistrates who shall be officers of the District Court. The number of District
Judges and Magistrates shall, from time lo lime, be determined by the General
Assembly Vacancies in the office of District Judge shall be filled for the unexpired
term m a manner prescribed by law. Vacancies in the office of Magistrate shall be

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filled for ihe unexpired lerm m ihe manner provided for original appomtmeni to
ihe office.

Sec. 11. Assignment of Judges. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, acting m
accordance with rules of the Supreme Court, shall make assignments of Judges of
the Superior Court and may transfer District Judges from one district to another for
temporary or specialized duty The principle of rotating Superior Court Judges
among the various districts of a division is a salutary one and shall be observed.
For this purpose the General Assembly may divide the State into a number of judicial
divisions. Subject to the general supenision of the Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, assignment of District Judges withm each local court district shall be made
by the Chief District Judge.

Sec. 12. Jurisdiction of the General Court of Justice.

(1) Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction to review
upon appeal any decision of the courts below, upon any matter of law or legal
inference. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court over "issues of fact" and
"questions of fact" shall be the same exercised by it prior to the adoption of this
Article, and the Court may issue any remedial writs necessar)' to give it general
supervision and control over the proceedings of the other courts. The Supreme
Court also has jurisdiction to review, when authorized by law, direct appeals
from a final order or decision of the North Carolina Utilities Commission.

(2) Court of Appeals. The Court of Appeals shall have such appellate jurisdiction
as the General Assembly may prescribe.

(3) Superior Court. Except as otherwise provided by the General Assembly
the Superior Court shall have original general jurisdiction throughout the State.
The Clerks of the Superior Court shall have such jurisdiction and powers as
the General Assembly shall prescribe by general law uniformly applicable m
every county of the State.

(4) District Courts; Magistrates. The General Assembly shall, by general law
uniformly applicable m every local court district of the State, prescribe the
jurisdiction and powers of the District Courts and Magistrates.

C5) Waiver. The General Assembly may by general law provide that the
jurisdictional limits may be waived m civil cases.

(6) Appeals. The General Assembly shall by general law provide a proper
system of appeals. Appeals from Magistrates shall be heard de novo, with the
right of trial by jury as defined m this Constitution and the laws of this State.

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Sec. 13. Forms of action; rules of procedure.

(1) Forms of Action. There shall be in this State but one form of action for the
enforcement or protection of private rights or the redress of private wrongs,
which shall be denominated a civil action, and in which there shall be a right to
have issues of fact tried before a jury. Every action prosecuted by the people of
the State as a party against a person charged with a public offense, for the
punishment thereof, shall be termed a criminal action.

(2) Rules of procedure. The Supreme Court shall have exclusive authority to
make rules of procedure and practice for the Appellate Division. The General
Assembly may make rules of procedure and practice for the Superior Court and
District Court Divisions, and the General Assembly may delegate this authority
to the Supreme Court. No rule of procedure or practice shall abridge substantive
rights or abrogate or limit the right of trial by jury If the General Assembly
should delegate to the Supreme Court the rule-making power, the General
Assembly may, nevertheless, alter, amend, or repeal any rule of procedure or
practice adopted by the Supreme Court for the Superior Court or District Court
Divisions.

Sec. 14. Waiver of jury trial. In all issues of fact joined in any court, the parlies in
any civil case may waive the right to have the issues determined by a jury, in which
case the finding of the judge upon the facts shall have the force and effect of a verdict
by a jury.

Sec. 15. Administration. The General Assembly shall provide for an administrative
office of the courts to carry out the provisions of this Article.

Sec. 16. Terms of office and election offustices of the Supreme Court, Judges of the
Court of Appeals, and Judges of the Superior Court. Justices of the Supreme Court,
Judges of the Court of Appeals, and regular Judges of the Superior Court shall be
elected by the qualified voters and shall hold office for terms of eight years and until
their successors are elected and qualified. Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges
of the Court of Appeals shall be elected by the qualified voters of the State. Regular
Judges of the Superior Court may be elected by the qualified voters o{ the State or
by the voters of their respective districts, as the General Assembly may prescribe.

Sec. 17. Removal of Judges, Mag;istrates and Clerks.

(1) Removal of Judges by the General Assembly Any Justice or Judge of the
General Court of Justice may be removed from office foi' uK-nial or physical
incapacity by joint resolution of two-thirds of all the members oi each house of
the General Assembly Any Justice or Judge against whom the General Assembly
may be about to proceed shall receive notice thereof, accompanied by a copy of
the causes alleged for his removal, at least 20 days before the day on which

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either house of the General Assembly shall act thereon. Removal hom office by
the General Assembly for any other cause shall be by impeachment.

(2) Additional niethod of removal of Judges. The General Assembly shall
prescribe a procedure, m addition to impeachment and address set forth in this
Section, for the removal of a Justice or Judge of the General Court of Justice for
mental or physical incapacity interfering with the performance of his duties
which is, or is likely to become, permanent, and for the censure and removal of
a Justice or Judge of the General Court of Justice for wiltul misconduct in
ofhce, wiltul and persistent failure to perform his duties, habitual intemperance,
conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, or conduct prejudicial to the
administration of justice that brings the judicial office into disrepute.

(3) Removal of Magistrates. The General Assembly shall provide by general
law for the removal of Magistrates for misconduct or mental or physical
incapacity.

(4) Removal of Clerks. Any Clerk of the Superior Court may be removed from
office for misconduct or mental or physical incapacity by the senior regular
resident Superior Court Judge serving the county. Any Clerk against whom
proceedings are instituted shall receive written notice of the charges against him
at least ten days before the hearing upon the charges. Any Clerk so removed
from office shall be entitled to an appeal as provided by law.

Sec. 18. District Attorney and prosecutorial districts.

(1) District Attorneys. The General Assembly shall, from time to time, divide
the State into a convenient number of prosecutorial districts, for each oi which
a District Attorney shall be chosen for a term of four years by the qualified
voters thereof, at the same time and places as members of the General Assembly
are elected. Only persons duly authorized to practice law m the courts of this
State shall be eligible tor election or appointment as a District Attorney. The
District Attorney shall advise the officers of justice in his district, be responsible
for the prosecution on behalf of the State ot all criminal actions m the Superior
Courts ot his district, perform such duties related to appeals therefrom as the
Attorney General may require, and perform such other duties as the General
Assembly may prescribe.

(2) Prosecution in District Court Division. Criminal actions in the District
Court Division shall be prosecuted m such manner as the General Assembly
may prescribe by general law uniformly applicable m every local court district
of the State.

Sec. 19. Vacancies. Unless otherwise provided in this Article, all vacancies occurring
m the offices provided for by this Article shall be filled by appointment of the

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Governor, and the appointees shall hold their places until the next election for
members of the General Assembly that is held more than 60 days after the vacancy
occurs, when elections shall be held to fill the offices. When the unexpired term of
any of the offices named in this Article of the Constitution in which a vacancy has
occurred, and in which it is herein provided that the Governor shall fill the vacancy
expires on the first day of January succeeding the next election for members of the
: General Assembly, the Governor shall appoint to fill that vacancy for the unexpired
term of the office. If any person elected or appointed to any of these offices shall fail
to qualify, the office shall be appointed to, held, and filled as provided in case of
vacancies occurring therein. All incumbents of these offices shall hold until their
successors are quaUfied.

Sec. 20. Revenues and expenses oj the judicial department. The General Assembly
shall provide for the establishment of a schedule of court fees and costs which shall
! be uniform throughout the State within each division of the General Court of Justice.
The operating expenses of the judicial department, other than compensation to
process servers and other locally paid non-judicial officers, shall be paid from Slate
funds.

Sec. 21. Fees, salaries, and emoluments. The General Assembly shall prescribe and
regulate the fees, salaries, and emoluments of all officers provided for in this Article,
but the salaries of Judges shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
In no case shall the compensation of any Judge or Magistrate be dependent upon
his decision or upon the collection of costs.

Sec. 22. Qualification of Justices and Judges. Only persons duly authorized to
practice law m the courts of this State shall be eligible for election or appointment
as a Justice of the Supreme Court, Judge of the Court of Appeals, Judge of the
Superior Court, or Judge of District Court. This section shall not apply to persons
elected to or serving in such capacities on or before January 1, 1981.

Article V

Finance

Section 1. No capitation tax to be levied. No poll or capitation tax shall be levied
by the General Assembly or by any county city or town, or other taxing unit.

Sec. 2. State and local taxation.

(1) Power of taxation. The power of taxation shall be exercised in a just and
equitable manner, for public purposes only and shall never he surrendered.
suspended, or contracted away

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(2) Classification. Only the General Assembly shall have the power to classify
property for taxation, which power shall be exercised only on a State-wide
basis and shall not be delegated. No class of property shall be taxed except by
uniform rule, and every classification shall be made by general law uniformly
applicable m every county, city and town, and other unit ot local government.

(3) Exemptions. Property belonging to the State, counties, and municipal
corporations shall be exempt from taxation. The General Assembly may exempt
cemeteries and property held for educational, scientific, literary, cultural,
charitable, or religious purposes, and, to a value not exceeding $300, any
personal property. The General Assembly may exempt from taxation not
exceeding $1,000 m value of property held and used as the place of residence
of the owner. Every exemption shall be on a State-wide basis and shall be made
by general law uniformly applicable in every county, city and town, and other
unit of local government. No taxing authority other than the General Assembly
may grant exemptions, and the General Assembly shall not delegate the powers
accorded to it by this subsection.

(4) Special tax areas. Subject to the limitations imposed by Section 4, the
General Assembly may enact general laws authorizing the governing body of
any county, city, or town to define territorial areas and to levy taxes within those
areas, in addition to those levied throughout the county, city, or town, m order
to finance, provide, or maintain services, facilities, and functions in addition to
or to a greater extent than those financed, provided, or maintained for the entire
county, city, or town.

(5) Purposes of property tax. The General Assembly shall not authorize any
county, city or town, special district, or other unit of local government to le\y
taxes on property, except for purposes authorized by general law uniformly
applicable throughout the State, unless the tax is approved by a majority of the
qualified voters of the unit who vote thereon.

(6) Income tax. The rate of tax on incomes shall not in any case exceed ten per
cent, and there shall be allowed personal exemptions and deductions so that
only net incomes are taxed.

(7) Contracts. The General Assembly may enact laws whereby the State, any
county, city or town, and any other public corporation niay contract with and
appropriate money to any person, association, or corporation for the
accomplishment of public purposes only.

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Sec. 3. Limitations upon the increase of State debt.

(1) Authorized purposes; two-thirds limitation. The General Assembly shall
have no power to contract debts secured by a pledge of the faith and credit of
the State, unless approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the State who
vote thereon, except for the following purposes:

(a) to fund or refund a valid existing debt;

(b) to supply an unforeseen deficiency in the revenue;

(c) to borrow in anticipation of the collection of taxes due and payable
within the current fiscal year to an amount not exceeding 50 per cent of
such taxes;

(d) to suppress riots or insurrections, or to repel invasions;

(e) to meet emergencies immediately threatening the public health or safety,
as conclusively determined in writing by the Governor;

(0 for any other lawful purpose, to the extent of two-thirds of the amount
by which the States outstanding indebtedness shall have been reduced during
the next preceding biennium.

(2) Gift or loan of credit regulated. The General Assembly shall have no power
to give or lend the credit of the State in aid of any person, association, or
corporation, except a corporation in which the State has a controlling interest,
unless the subject is submitted to a direct vote of the people oi ihc State, and is
approved by a majority of the qualified voters who vote thereon.

(3) Definitions. A debt is incurred within the meaning of this Section when
the State borrows money. A pledge of the faith and credit within the meaning of
this Section is a pledge of the taxing power. A loan of credit within the meaning
of this Section occurs when the State exchanges its obligations with or in any
way guarantees the debts of an individual, association, or private corporation.

(4) Certain debts barred. The General Assembly shall never assume or pay any
debt or obligation, express or implied, incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion
against the United States. Neither shall the General Assembl)' assume or pay
any debt or bond incurred or issued by authority of the Convention of I8(i8,
the special session of the General Assembly of 1868, or the General Assemblies
of 1868-69 and 1869-70, unless the subject is submitted to ihc people of ihc
State and is approved by a majority of all the qualified voters ai a referendum
held for that sole purpose.

(5) Outstanding debt. Except as provided in subsection (4), nothing in this
Section shall be construed to invalidate or impair the obligation of any bond,
note, or other evidence of indebtedness outstanding or authorized for issue as
of July 1, 1973.

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Sec. 4. Limitations upon the increase of local government debt.

U) Regulation oi borrowing and debt. The General Assembly shall enact
general laws relating to the borrowing of money secured by a pledge of the faith
and credit and the contracting of other debts by counties, cities and towns,
special districts, and other units, authorities, and agencies of local government.

(2) Authorized purposes; two-thirds limitation. The General Assembly shall
have no power to authorize any county, city or town, special district, or other
unit of local government to contract debts secured by a pledge of its faith and
credit unless approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the unit who
vote thereon, except for the following purposes:

{a) to fund or refund a valid existing debt;

(b) to supply an unforeseen deficiency in the revenue;

(c) to borrow m anticipation of the collection of taxes due and payable
within the current hscal year to an amount not exceeding 50 per cent of
such taxes;

(d) to suppress riots or insurrections;

(e) to meet emergencies immediately threatening the public health or safety,
as conclusively determined m writing by the Governor;

(0 for purposes authorized by general laws uniformly applicable throughout
the State, to the extent of two-thirds of the amount by which the units jj
outstanding indebtedness shall have been reduced during the next preceding
fiscal year.

(3) Gift or loan of credit regulated. No county, city or town, special district, or
other unit oi local government shall give or lend its credit m aid of any person,
association, or corporation, except for public purposes as authorized by general
law, and unless approved by a majority of the qualified voters of the unit who
vote thereon.

(4) Certain debts barred. No county, city or town, or other unit of local ,
government shall assume or pay any debt or the interest thereon contracted
directly or indirectly in aid or support of rebellion or insurrection against the ;
United States. i

(5) Definitions. A debt is incurred within the meaning of this Section when a
county, city or town, special district, or other unit, authority, or agency of local'
government borrows money. A pledge of taith and credit within the meaning
of this Section is a pledge of the taxing power. A loan of credit within thCj
meaning of this Section occurs when a county, city or town, special district, ori
other unit, authority, or agency of local government exchanges its obligations!
with or m any way guarantees the debts of an individual, association, or private.'
corporation.

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(6) Outstanding debt. Except as provided m subsection (4). nothing in this
Section shall be construed to invalidate or impair the obligation of any bond,
note, or other evidence of indebtedness outstanding or authorized for issue as
of July 1, 1973.

Sec. 5. Acts levying taxes to state objects. Every act of the General Assembly

levying a tax shall state the special object to which it is to be applied, and it shall be
applied to no other purpose.

Sec. 6. Inviolability of sinking funds and retirement funds.

(1) Sinking funds. The General Assembly shall not use or authorize to be used
any part of the amount of any sinking fund for any purpose other than the
retirement of the bonds for which the sinking fund has been created, except
that these funds may be invested as authorized by law.

(2) Retirement funds. Neither the General Assembly nor any public officer,
employee, or agency shall use or authorize to be used any part of the funds of
the Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System or the Local Governmental
Employees' Retirement System for any purpose other than retirement system
benefits and purposes, administrative expenses, and refunds; except that
retirement system funds may be invested as authorized by law, subject to the
investment limitation that the funds of the Teachers' and State Employees'
Retirement System and the Local Governmental Employees' Retirement System
shall not be applied, diverted, loaned to, or used by the State, any State agency.
State officer, public officer, or public employee.

Sec. 7. Drawing public money.

(1) State treasury. No money shall be drawTi from the State Treasury but in
consequence of appropriations made by law, and an accurate account of the
receipts and expenditures of State funds shall be published annually

(2) Local treasury. No money shall be drawn from the treasury of any county
city or town, or other unit of local government except by authority of law.

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Sec. 8. Health care facilities. Noiwithstanding any other provisions of this
Constitution, the General Assembly may enact general laws to authorize the State,
counties, cities or towns, and other State and local governmental entities to issue
revenue bonds to hnance or reftnance for any such governmental entity or any
nonprofit private corporation, regardless of any church or religious relationship,
the cost of acquiring, constructing, and financing health care faciUty projects to be
operated to seiTC and benefit the public; provided, no cost incurred earlier than two
years prior to the effective date of this section shall be refinanced. Such bonds shall
be payable from the revenues, gross or net, ot any such projects and any other
health care facilities of any such go\'ernmental entity or nonprofit private corporation
pledged therefor; shall not be secured by a pledge of the full faith and credit, or
deemed to create an indebtedness requiring voter approval of any governmental
entity; and may be secured by an agreement which may provide for the conveyance
of title of, with or without consideration, any such project or facilities to the
governmental entity or nonprofit private corporation. The power of eminent domain
shall not be used pursuant hereto for nonprofit private corporations.

Sec. 9 [81.1. Capital projects for industry. Notwithstanding any other provision of
this Constitution, the General Assembly may enact general laws to authorize counties
to create authorities to issue revenue bonds to finance, but not to refinance, the cost
of capital projects consisting of industrial, manufacturing and pollution control
facilities tor mdustiy and pollution control facilities tor public utilities, and to refund
such bonds.

In no event shall such revenue bonds be secured by or payable from any public
moneys whatsoever, but such revenue bonds shall be secured b)' and payable only
from revenues or property derived from private parties. All such capital projects
and all transactions theretor shall be subject to taxation to the extent such projects
and transactions would be subject to taxation if no public body were involved
therewith; provided, however, that the General Assembly may provide that the interest
on such revenue bonds shall be exempt from income taxes withm the State.

The power of eminent domain shall not be exercised to provide any property for
any such capital project.

Sec. 10. Joint ownership oj generation and transmission facilities. In addition to
other powers conterred upon them by law, municipalities owning or operating
facifities for the generation, transmission or distribution of electric powder and energy
and joint agencies formed by such municipalities tor the purpose of owning or ,
operating facilities for the generation and transmission of electric power and energy ;
(each, respectively, "a unit of municipal government'') may jointly or severally own, '
operate and maintain works, plants and facilities, within or without the State, for j
the generation and transmission of electric power and energy, or both, with anyj

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person, firm, association or corporation, public or private, engaged in the generation,
transmission or distribution of electric power and energy for resale (each, respectively,
"a co-owner") withm this State or any state contiguous to this State, and may enter
mto and carry out agreements with respect to such jointly owned facilities. For the
purpose of financing its share of the cost of any such jointly owned electric generation
or transmission facihties, a unit of municipal government may issue its revenue
bonds in the manner prescribed by the General Assembly payable as to both principal
and interest solely from and secured by a lien and charge on all or any part of the
revenue derived, or to be derived, by such unit of municipal government from the
ownership and operation of its electric facilities; provided, however, that no unit of
municipal government shall be liable, either jointly or severally, for any acts,
omissions or obligations of any co-owner, nor shall any money or property of any
unit of municipal government be credited or otherwise applied to the account of
any co-owner or be charged with any debt, lien or mortgage as a result of any debt
or obligation of any co-owner.

Sec. 11. Capital projects for agriculture. Notwithstanding any other provision of
the Constitution the General Assembly may enact general laws to authorize the
creation of an agency to issue revenue bonds to finance the cost of capital projects
consisting of agricultural facilities, and to refund such bonds.

jln no event shall such revenue bonds be secured by or payable from any public
"moneys whatsoever, but such revenue bonds shall be secured by and payable only
.from revenues or property derived from private parties. All such capital projects
land all transactions therefor shall be subject to taxation to the extent such projects
(and transactions would be subject to taxation if no public body were involved
itherewith; provided, however, that the General Assembly may provide that the interest

jon such revenue bonds shall be exempt from income taxes within the State.

(The power of eminent domain shall not be exercised to provide any property for
lany such capital project.

[Sec. 12[11].2. Higher Education Facilities. Notwithstanding any other provisions
[of this Constitution, the General Assembly may enact general laws to authorize the
IState or any State entity to issue revenue bonds to finance and refinance the cost of
[acquiring, constructing, and financing higher education facilities to be operated to
jserve and benefit the public for any nonprofit private corporation, regardless of any
[church or religious relationship provided no cost incurred earlier than five years
(prior to the effective date of this section shall be refinanced. Such bonds shall be
ipayable from any revenues or assets of any such nonprofit private corporation
■jpledged therefor, shall not be secured by a pledge of the full faith and credit of the
btate or such State entity or deemed to create an indebtedness requiring voter approval
■ pf the State or such entity and, where the title to such facilities is vested in the State

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or any State entity, may be secured by an agreement which may provide for the
conveyance ol title to, with or without consideration, such facilities to the nonprofit
private corporation. The power of eminent domain shall not be used pursuant
hereto.

Sec. 13[121.3. Seaport and airport facilities.

(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the General
Assembly may enact general laws to grant to the State, counties, municipalities,
and other State and local governmental entities all powers useful m connection
with the development of new and existing seaports and airports, and to authorize
such public bodies:

(a) to acquire, construct, own, own jointly with public and private parties,
lease as lessee, mortgage, sell, lease as lessor, or otherwise dispose of lands
and facilities and improvements, including undi\dded interests therein;

(b) to hnance and refinance for public and private parties seaport and airport
facilities and improvements which relate to, develop or further waterborne
or airborne commerce and cargo and passenger traffic, including commercial,
industrial, manufacturing, processing, mining, transportation, distribution,
storage, marine, aviation and environmental facilities and improvements;
and

{c) to secure any such financing or refinancing by all or any portion of their
revenues, income or assets or other available monies associated with any of
their seaport or airport facilities and with the facilities and improvements to
be financed or refinanced, and by foreclosable liens on all or any part of
their properties associated with any of their seaport or airport facilities and
with the facilities and improvements to be financed or refinanced, but m no
event to create a debt secured by a pledge of the faith and credit of the State
or any other public body in the State.

Article VI

Suffrage And Eligibility To Office

Section 1. Who may vote. Every person born m the United States and every
person who has been naturalized, 18 years of age, and possessing the qualifications
set out in this Article, shall be entided to vote at any election by the people of the
State, except as herein otherwise provided.

Sec. 2. Qualifications of voter,

(1) Residence period for State elections. Any person who has resided in the'
State of North Carolina for one year and in the precinct, ward, or other election;

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

district for 30 days next preceding an election, and possesses the other
qualifications set out in this Article, shall be entitled to vote at any election held
in this State. Removal from one precinct, ward, or other election district to
another in this State shall not operate to deprive any person of the right to vote
in the precinct, ward, or other election district from which that person has
removed until 30 days after the removal.

(2) Residence period for presidential elections. The General Assembly may
reduce the time of residence for persons voting in presidential elections. A
person made eligible by reason of a reduction in time of residence shall possess
the other qualihcations set out in this Article, shall only be entitled to vote for
President and Vice President of the United States or for electors for President
and Vice President, and shall not thereby become eligible to hold office in this
State.

(3) Disqualihcation of felon. No person adjudged guilty of a felony against
this State or the United States, or adjudged guilty of a felony in another state
that also would be a felony if it had been committed in this State, shall be
permitted to vote unless that person shall be hrst restored lo the rights of
citizenship in the manner prescribed by law.

Sec. 3. Registration. Every person offering to vote shall be at the lime legally
registered as a voter as herein prescribed and in the manner provided by law. The
General Assembly shall enact general laws governing the registration of voters.

Sec. 4. Qualification for registration. Every person presenting himself for registration
shall be able to read and write any section of the Constitution in the English language.

Sec. 5. Elections by people and General Assembly. All elections by the people shall
be by ballot, and all elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce. A contested
election for any ofhce established by Article 111 of this Constitution shall be determined
by joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly m the manner prescribed by

law.

Sec. 6. Eligibility to elective office. Every qualified voter in North Carolina who is

121 years of age, except as m this Constitution disqualified, shall be eligible for
I election by the people to office.

Sec. 7. Oath. Before entering upon the duties of an office, a person elected or
appointed to the office shall take and subscribe the following oath:

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"I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and

mamtain the Constitution and laws of the United States, and the Constitution and
laws of North Carolina not mconsistent therewith, and that I will faithfully discharge
the duties of my office as , so help me God."

Sec. 8. Disqualifications for office. The following persons shall be disqualified for
office:

First, any person who shall deny the being of Almighty God.

Second, with respect to any office that is filled by election by the people, any
person who is not qualified to vote in an election for that office.

Third, any person who has been adjudged guilty of treason or any other felony
against this State or the United States, or any person who has been adjudged
guilty of a felony in another state that also would be a felony if it had been
committed in this State, or any person who has been adjudged guilty of
corruption or malpractice m any office, or any person who has been removed
by impeachment from any office, and who has not been restored to the rights of
citizenship m the manner prescribed by law.

Sec. 9. Dual office holding.

(1) Prohibitions. It is salutary that the responsibilities of self-government be
widely shared among the citizens of the State and that the potential abuse of
authority inherent in the holding of multiple offices by an individual be avoided.
Therefore, no person who holds any office or place of trust or profit under the
United States or any department thereof, or under any other state or government,
shall be eligible to hold any office in this State that is hlled by election by the
people. No person shall hold concurrently any two offices m this State that are
filled by election ol the people. No person shall hold concurrently any two or
more appointive offices or places of trust or proht, or any combination of elective
and appointive offices or places of trust or profit, except as the General Assembly
shall provide by general law.

C2) Exceptions. The provisions of this Section shall not prohibit an\' officer of
the military forces of the State or of the United States not on active duty for an
extensive period of time, any notary public, or any delegate to a Convention of
the People from holding concurrently another office or place of trust or profit
under this State or the United States or any department thereof.

Sec. 10. Continuation in office. In the absence of any contrary provision, all
officers m this State, whether appointed or elected, shall hold their positions until
other appointments are made or, if the offices are elective, until their successors are
chosen and qualified.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Article VII

Local Government

Section 1 . General Assembly to provide for local government. The General Assembl)'
shall provide for the organization and government and the fixing of boundaries of
counties, cities and towns, and other governmental subdivisions, and, except as
otherwise prohibited by this Constitution, may give such powers and duties to
counties, cities and towns, and other governmental subdivisions as it may deem
advisable.

The General Assembly shall not incorporate as a city or town, nor shall it authorize
to be incorporated as a city or town, any territory lying within one mile of the
corporate limits of any other city or town having a population of 5,000 or more
according to the most recent decennial census of population taken by order of
Congress, or lying withm three miles of the corporate limits of any other city or
town having a population of 10,000 or more according to the most recent decennial
census of population taken by order of Congress, or lying within four miles of the
corporate limits of any other city or town having a population of 25,000 or more
according to the most recent decennial census of population taken by order ol
I Congress, or lying within five miles of the corporate limits of any other city or
town having a population of 50,000 or more according to the most recent decennial
census of population taken by order of Congress. Notwithstanding the foregoing
limitations, the General Assembly may incorporate a city or town by an act adopted
by vote of three-fifths of all the members of each house.

Sec. 2. Sheriffs. In each county a Sheriff shall be elected by the qualified voters
thereof at the same time and places as members of the General Assembly are elected
and shall hold his office for a period of four years, subject to removal for cause as
provided by law.

Sec. 3. Merged or consolidated counties. Any unit of local government formed by
the merger or consohdation of a county or counties and the cities and towns therein
shall be deemed both a county and a city for the purposes of this Constitution, and
may exercise any authority conferred by law on counties, or on cities and towns, or
both, as the General Assembly may provide.

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Article VIII

Corporations

Section 1. Corporate charters. No corporation shall be created, nor shall its charter
be extended, altered, or amended by special act, except corporations for charitable,
educational, penal, or reformatoiy purposes that are to be and remain under the
patronage and control of the State; but the General Assembly shall provide by general
laws for the chartering, organization, and powers of all corporations, and for the
amending, extending, and forfeiture of all charters, except those above permitted by
special act. All such general acts may be altered from time to time or repealed. The
General Assembly may at any time by special act repeal the charter of any corporation.

Sec. 2. Corporations defined. The term "corporation'" as used m this Section shall
be construed to include all associations and joint-stock companies having any of
the pov^'ers and privileges of corporations not possessed by individuals or
partnerships. All corporations shall have the right to sue and shall be subject to be
sued in all courts, in like cases as natural persons.

Article IX

Education

Section 1. Education encouraged. Religion, morality, and knowledge being
necessar}' to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools, libraries,
and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.

Sec. 2. Uniform system of schools.

(1) General and uniform system; term. The General Assembly shall provide by
taxation and otherwise for a general and uniform system of free public schools,
which shall be maintained at least nine months m every year, and wherein
equal opportunities shall be proMded for all students.

(2) Local responsibility The General Assembly may assign to units of local
government such responsibility for the financial support of the free public schools
as it may deem appropriate. The governing boards of units of local government
with hnancial responsibility for public education may use local revenues to
add to or supplement any public school or post -secondary school program.

Sec. 3. School attendance. The General Assembly shall provide that eveiy child of
appropriate age and of sufficient mental and physical ability shall attend the public
schools, unless educated by other means.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Sec. 4. State Board of Education.

(1) Board. The State Board of Education shall consist of the Lieutenant Governor,
the Treasurer, and eleven members appointed by the Governor, subject to
confirmation by the General Assembly in joint session. The General Assembly
shall divide the State into eight educational districts. Of the appointive members
of the Board, one shall be appointed from each of the eight educational districts
and three shall be appointed from the State at large. Appointments shall be for
overlapping terms of eight years. Appointments to fill vacancies shall be made
by the Governor for the unexpired terms and shall not be subject to confirmation.

(2) Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Superintendent of Public
Instruction shall be the secretary and chief administrative officer of the State
Board of Education.

Sec. 5. Powers and duties of Board. The State Board of Education shall supervise
and administer the free public school system and the educational funds provided
for its support, except the funds mentioned in Section 7 of this Article, and shall
make all needed rules and regulations in relation thereto, subject to laws enacted by
the General Assembly.

Sec. 6. State school fund. The proceeds of all lands that have been or hereafter may
be granted by the United States to this State, and not otherwise appropriated by this
State or the United States; all moneys, stocks, bonds, and other property belonging
to the State for purposes of public education; the net proceeds of all sales of the
swamp lands belonging to the State; and all other grants, gifts, and devises that
have been or hereafter may be made to the State, and not otherwise appropriated by
the State or by the terms of the grant, gift, or devise, shall be paid into the State
Treasury and, together with so much of the revenue of the State as may be set apart
for that purpose, shall be faithfully appropriated and used exclusively for establishing
and maintaining a uniform system of free public schools.

Sec. 7. County school fund. All moneys, stocks, bonds, and other property belonging

to a county school fund, and the clear proceeds of all penalties and forfeitures and

J of all fines collected m the several counties for any breach of the penal laws of the

i State, shall belong to and remain m the several counties, and shall be faithlully

appropriated and used exclusively for maintaining free public schools.

Sec. 8. Higher education. The General Assembly shall maintain a public system ol
higher education, comprising The University of North Carolina and such other
institutions of higher education as the General Assembly may deem wise. The
General Assembly shall provide for the selection of trustees of The University ol
North Carolina and of the other institutions of higher education, in whom shall be
vested all the privileges, rights, franchises, and endowments heretofore granted to

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or conferred upon the trustees of these institutions. The General Assembly may
enact laws necessary and expedient for the maintenance and management of The
University of North Carolina and the other public institutions of higher education.

Sec. 9. Benefits of public institutions of higher education. The General Assembly
shall provide that the benefits of The University of North Carolina and other public
institutions of higher education, as far as practicable, be extended to the people of
the State free of expense.

Sec. 10. Escheats.

(1) Escheats prior to July 1, 1971. All property that prior to July 1, 1971,
accrued to the State from escheats, unclaimed dividends, or distributive shares
of the estates of deceased persons shall be appropriated to the use of The
University of North Carolina.

(2) Escheats after June 30, 1971. All property that, after June 30, 1971, shall
accrue to the State from escheats, unclaimed dividends, or distributive shares of
the estates of deceased persons shall be used to aid worthy and needy students
who are residents of this State and are enrolled m public institutions of higher
education in this State. The method, amount, and type of distribution shall be
prescribed by law.

Article X

Homesteads And Exemptions

Section 1. Personal property exemptions. The personal property oi any resident of
this State, to a value fixed by the General Assembly but not less than $500, to be
selected by the resident, is exempted from sale under execution or other final process
of any court, issued for the collection of any debt.

Sec. 2. Homestead exemptions. ,

(1) Exemption from sale; exceptions. Ever)- homestead and the dwellings and
buildings used therewith, to a value fixed by the General Assembly but not less
than $1,000, to be selected by the owner thereof, or m lieu thereof, at the
option of the owner, any lot m a city or town with the dwellings and buildings
used thereon, and to the same value, owned and occupied by a resident of the '
State, shall be exempt from sale under execution or other final process obtained
on any debt. But no property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for payment ,
of obligations contracted for its purchase. 1

(2) Exemption for benefit of children. The homestead, afier the death of the i
owner thereof, shall be exempt from the payment of any debt during the minority
of the owners children, or any ol them.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

(3) Exemption for benefit of surviving spouse. If the owner of a homestead
dies, leaving a surviving spouse but no minor children, the homestead shall be
exempt from the debts of the owner, and the rents and prohts thereof shall
inure to the beneht of the surviving spouse until he or she remarries, unless the
surviving spouse is the owner of a separate homestead.

(4) Conveyance of homestead. Nothing contained in this Article shall operate
to prevent the owner of a homestead from disposing of it by deed, but no deed
made by a married owner of a homestead shall be valid without the signature
and acknowledgement of his or her spouse.

Sec. 3. Mechanics' and laborers' liens. The General Assembly shall provide by
t proper legislation for giving to mechanics and laborers an adequate lien on the
[subject-matter of their labor. The provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of this Article
- shall not be so construed as to prevent a laborer's lien for work done and performed
i for the person claiming the exemption or a mechanics lien for work done on the
premises.

I Sec. 4. Property of married women secured to them. The real and personal property

of any female m this State acquired before marriage, and all property, real and personal,

to which she may, after marriage, become in any manner entitled, shall be and

I remain the sole and separate estate and property of such female, and shall not be

! liable for any debts, obligations, or engagements of her husband, and may be devised

land bequeathed and conveyed by her, subject to such regulations and limitations as

jthe General Assembly may prescribe. Ever)^ married woman may exercise powers

I of attorney conferred upon her by her husband, including the power to execute and

acknowledge deeds to property owned by herself and her husband or by her

'husband.

Sec. 5. Insurance. A person may insure his or her own life for the sole use and
beneht of his or her spouse or children or both, and upon his or her death the
proceeds from the insurance shall be paid to or for the benefit of the spouse or
children or both, or to a guardian, free from all claims of the representatives or
creditors of the insured or his or her estate. Any insurance policy which insures the
life of a person for the sole use and benefit of that person's spouse or children or
both shall not be subject to the claims of creditors of the insured during his or her
lifetime, whether or not the policy reserves to the insured during his or her lileiimc
any or all rights provided for by the policy and whether or not the polic)- proceeds
are payable to the estate of the insured in the event the beneficiary or beneficiaries
predecease the insured.

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Article XI

Punishments, Conections, And Charities

Seciion 1 . Punishments. The following punishments only shall be known to i
the laws of this State: death, imprisonment, hnes, suspension of a jail or prison
term with or without conditions, restitution, community service, restraints on liberty ,
work programs, remox'al from ofhce, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any !
office of honor, trust, or proht under this State. |

Sec. 2. Death punishment. The object of punishments being not only to satisfy i
justice, but also to reform the offender and thus prevent crime, murder, arson, '
burglary and rape, and these only may be punishable with death, if the General '■.
Assembly shall so enact. !

Sec. 3. Charitable and correctional institutions and agencies. Such charitable, i
benevolent, penal, and correctional institutions and agencies as the needs ol humanity |
and the public good may require shall be established and operated by the State
under such organization and m such manner as the General Assembly may prescribe, i

Sec. 4. Welfare policy; board of public welfare. Beneficent provision for the
poor, the unfortunate, and the orphan is one of the first duties of a civilized and a
Christian state. Therefore the General Assembly shall provide for and define the
duties of a board of pubfic welfare.

Article XII

Military Forces

Section 1 . Governor is Commander in Chief. The Governor shall be Commander
m Chief of the militaiy forces of the State and may call out those forces to execute :
the law, suppress riots and insurrections, and repel invasion.

Article XIII

Conventions; Constitutional Amendment And Revision

Section 1 . Convention of the People. No Convention of the People of this State )
shall ever be called unless by the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members of :
each house of the General Assembly and unless the proposition "Convention or j
No Convention" is first submitted to the qualified voters of the State at the time and '
in the manner prescribed by the General Assembly If a majority of the votes cast
upon the proposition are in favor of a Convention, it shall assemble on the day!
prescribed by the General Assembly The General Assembly shall, in the actj
submitting the convention proposition, propose limitations upon the authority of;
the Convention; and if a majority of the votes cast upon the proposition are in favor
of a Convention, those limitations shall become binding upon the Convention.

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

Delegates to the Convention shall be elected by the qualified voters at the time and

in the manner prescribed m the act of submission. The Convention shall consist of

a number of delegates equal to the membership of the House of Representatives of

J the General Assembly that submits the convention proposition and the delegates

' shall be apportioned as is the House of Representatives. A Convention shall adopt

no ordinance not necessary to the purpose for which ihe Convention has been

'called.

I Sec. 2. Power to revise or amend Constitution reserved to people. The people of

,this State reserve the power to amend this Constitution and to adopt a new or
) revised Constitution. This power may be exercised by either of the methods set out

[hereinafter in this Article, but in no other way.

(Sec. 3. Revision or amendment hy Convention of the People. A Convention of the
' People of this State may be called pursuant to Section 1 of this Article to propose a
'new or revised Constitution or to propose amendments to this Constitution. Every
new or revised Constitution and every constitutional amendment adopted by a
; Convention shall be submitted to the qualifted voters of the State at the time and in
'.the manner prescribed by the Convention. If a majority of the votes cast thereon
;are in favor of ratification of the new or revised Constitution or the constitutional
lamendment or amendments, it or they shall become effective January first next after
J ratification by the qualified voters unless a different effective date is prescribed by
'the Convention.

I Sec. 4. Revision or amendment hy legislative initiation. A proposal of a new or
{revised Constitution or an amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be

I initiated by the General Assembly but only if three-fifths of all the members of each

II house shall adopt an act submitting the proposal to the qualified voters of the Slate
jfor their ratification or rejection. The proposal shall be submitted at the lime and in

the manner prescribed by the General Assembly If a majority of the \'oics cast
thereon are in favor of the proposed new or revised Constitution or constituiional
amendment or amendments, it or they shall become effective January first nexi ailcr
I ratification by the voters unless a different effective date is prescribed in thr act
submitting the proposal or proposals to the qualified voters.

'Article XIV

Miscellaneous

Section 1. Seat of government. The permanent seat of governmeni of this Slate
shall be at the City of Raleigh.

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Sec. 2. State boundaries. The limits and boundaries of the State shall be and :
remain as they now are. j

j
Sec. 3. General laws defined. Whenever the General Assembly is directed or ,
authorized by this Constitution to enact general laws, or general laws uniformly '
applicable throughout the State, or general laws uniformly applicable in every county, '
city and town, and other unit of local government, or m every local court district, '
no special or local act shall be enacted concerning the subject matter directed or \
authorized to be accomphshed by general or uniformly applicable laws, and every
amendment or repeal of any law relating to such subject matter shall also be general !
and uniform m its effect throughout the State. General laws may be enacted for
classes dehned by population or other criteria. General laws uniformly applicable ;
throughout the State shall be made applicable without classihcation or exception in
every unit of local government of like kind, such as every county, or every city and '
town, but need not be made applicable in eveiy unit of local government in the
State. General laws uniformly applicable m every county, city and town, and other
unit ol local government, or in ever)^ local court district, shall be made applicable i
without classification or exception in every unit of local government, or m every
local court district, as the case may be. The General Assembly may at any time :
repeal any special, local, or private act.

Sec. 4. Continuity of laws; protection of officer holders. The laws of North Carolina
not m conflict with this Constitution shall continue in force until lawfully altered.
Except as otherwise specifically provided, the adoption of this Constitution shall
not have the effect of vacating any ofhce or term of ofhce now hlled or held by
virtue of any election or appointment made under the prior Constitution of North
Carolina and the laws of the State enacted pursuant thereto.

Sec. 5. Conservation of natural resources. It shall be the policy of this State to
conserve and protect its lands and waters for the beneht of all its citizenry, and to
this end it shall be a proper function of the State of North Carolina and its political^
subdivisions to acquire and preserve park, recreational, and scenic areas, to control
and limit the pollution of our air and water, to control excessive noise, and m every;
other appropriate way to preserve as a part of the common heritage of this State its
forests, wetlands, estuaries, beaches, historical sites, openlands, and places of beauty

To accomplish the aforementioned public purposes, the State and its counties, cities
and towns, and other units of local government may acquire by purchase or gift
properties or interests m properties which shall, upon their special dedication to'
and acceptance by resolution adopted by a vote of three-fifths of the members ofj
each house of the General Assembly for those public purposes, constitute part of;

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NORTH CAROLINA'S CONSTITUTION CHAPTER THREE

he "State Nature and Historic Preserve", and which shall not be used for other
purposes except as authorized by law enacted by a vote of three-fifths of the members
if each house of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall prescribe by
general law the conditions and procedures under which such properties or interests
herein shall be dedicated for the aforementioned public purposes.

Sotes

[.The General Assembly of 1975, by 1975 N.C. Sess. Laws, Ch. 641, submitted
, to the quaUfied voters of the State an amendment to add Art. V, Sec. 8, with
respect to financing health care facihties, and the voters in 1976 ratified it (see
above). At the same session, the General Assembly, by 1975 N.C. Sess. Laws,
Ch. 826, submitted to the qualified voters of the State an amendment to add a
section with respect to industrial revenue bonds which it also designated Art. V,
Sec. 8 (inadvertently duplicating section number 8), and the voters in 1976 ratified
it. The potential problem of duplicative section numbers was addressed by
designating the section regarding industrial revenue bonds as Sec. 9 in subsequent
printings of the Constitution as issued by the Secretary of State and as published
in the General Statutes of North Carolina.

^^The General Assembly of 1983, by 1983 N.C. Sess. Laws, Ch. 765, submitted
to the qualified voters of the State an amendment to add Art. V, Sec. 11, with
respect to financing agricultural facihties, and the voters in 1984 ratified it (see
above). At the 1986 session, the General Assembly by 1985 N.C. Sess. Laws,
Ch. 814, submitted to the qualified voters of the State an amendment to add a
section with respect to private higher education facility financing which it also
designated Art. V, Sec. 11 (inadvertently dupUcating section number 1 1), and the
voters in 1986 ratified it. The potential problem of duplicative section numbers
was addressed by designating the section regarding private higher education
facihties as Sec. 12 in subsequent printings of the Constitution as issued by the
Secretary of State and as published in the General Statutes of North Carolina.

).At Its 1986 session, the General Assembly by 1985 N.C. Sess. Laws, Ch. 933,
submitted to the qualified voters of the State an amendment to add Art. V, Sec.
12, with respect to financing airport and seaport facilities, and the voters in 1986
ratified it, notwithstanding the fact that there was already a Sec. 12, according to
the practice in secrion numbering that had been followed lo deal wiih the
duplicative section numbers used by the General Assembly in 1986. The potential
problem of duplicative section numbers was addressed by designating the section
regarding airport and seaport facilities financing as Sec. 13 in subsequent printings
of the Constitution as issued by the Secretary of State and as published in the
General Statutes of North Carolina.

171

THE COUNCIL OF STATEJI

The Council of State and the Executive Branch

Under pro\isions m the Constitution of North Carolina, the three branches of
[state government - legislative, executive and judicial - are distinct and separate from
teach other (Article I, Section 6). This separation of powers has been a fundamental
ilprincipal of state government's organizational structure since North Carolina's
'mdependence.

In the nearly two hundred years smce the formation of the State of North

tCarolina, many changes have occurred in that structure. State and local governments

in North Carolina have grown from minimal organizations comprising a handful

of employees statewide in 1776 to the current multi-billion dollar enterprise that

lemploys thousands of public servants all over the state and provides services for

millions of North Carolina's citizens each year.

The increasing number of services and programs that state and local governments
provide to citizens and businesses throughout the state has brought with u
management challenges. In 1970 the state's executive branch Included over 200
mdependent agencies. Recognizing the need to streamline and simplify the executive
branch's organization, the General Assembly undertook a major reorganization of
state government. The legislators began the reorganization by defining the actixities
;that most appropriately should be entrusted to executive branch agencies.

I In an October 27, 1967, speech. Governor Dan K. Moore urged the North
'.Carolina State Bar to take the lead in sponsoring a study to determine the need for
[revising or rewriting the Constitution of North Carolina. The Council of the North
iCarolina State Bar and the North Carolina Association joined in appointing a steering
committee that selected twenty-five people for a North Carolina State Constitution
Commission.

The commission's report, submitted on December 16, 1968, contained a
proposed amendment to the state constitution that would reduce the number ol
llexecutive branch departments to 25 and authorize the governor to reorganize the
administrative branch subject to approval by the General Assembly

The 1969 General Assembly submiued the proposed constitutional amendment
to a vote of the people and also authorized the governor to begin a study of
jconsolidation of state agencies and to prepare a recommendation for the General
Assembly Governor Robert W. Scott established the State Government Reorganization
Study Commission in October, 1969. Later, in May 1970, the governor appointed a
fifty-member citizen Committee on State Government Organization to review the study
and make specific recommendations for implementation ol the reorganization plan.

ferpfTEXECUTIVE BRANCH

I
I

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 |

Voters approved the constitutional proposal requiring the reduction of the !
number of administrative departments m the general election on November 3, 1970. 1
The amendment called for the executive branch to be reduced to 25 departments by '
the end of 1975. The Committee on State Government Reorganization submitted \
Its recommendations to the governor on February 4, 1971. j

The committee recommended implementation of the amendment m two phases. ,
Phase 1 would group agencies together in a limited number of functional :
departments. The General Assembly approved the implementation of Phase 1 in j
1971. Phase 11 began in 1971 and continued into 1973 as agencies began to evaluate \
agency and department organizations. The results of this analysis were presented to i
the 1973 General Assembly in the form of legislation that would revise existing ,
statutes to more closely conform to the executive branch's new organizational |
structure. The legislators began working to make the changes in state law needed to ■
support the reorganization.

With strong support from Governor Scott, the General Assembly ratihed the
Executive Organization Act of 1971 on July 14, 1971. The act divided the executive
branch into rough groupings. The first group was composed of 19 principal offices
and departments headed by elected officials. Nine other departments organized along
functional lines and headed by appointed administrators formed the second grouping
of agencies.

The act implemented Phase 1 of the reorganization through types of transfers. A
Type I transfer meant transferring all or part of an agency — including its statutory '
authority, powers and duties — to a principal department. A Type 11 transfer meant \
transferring an existing agency intact to a principal department with the transferring
agency retaining its statutor)' authority and functions, which would now be exercised
under the direction and supervision of the principal departments head. Governor
Scott created all of the offices and departments called for by the act prior to the
mandated deadline of July 1, 1972. j

The Executive Reorganization Act of 1971 created the following principal;
departments and agencies: I

Office of the Governor
Office of the Lieutenant Governor
Department of the Secretary of State
Department of the State Auditor
Department of State Treasurer

Department of PubHc Education

(now the Department of Pubhc Instruction)

Department of Justice

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Department of Agriculture

(now named the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services)

Department of Labor

Department of Insurance

Department of Administration

Department of Transportation and Highway Safety
(now named the Department of Transportation)

Department of Natural and Economic Resources

(now the Department of Environment and Natural Resources)

Department of Human Resources

(now the Department of Health and Human Services)

Department of Social Rehabilitation and Control
(now the Department of Correction)

1 Department of Commerce

Department of Revenue

Department of Art, Culture and History
(now Department of Cultural Resources)

Department of Military and Veterans Affairs

(now the Department of Crime Control and Public Safely).

A gubernatorial executive order issued June 26, 1972, created an executive cabinet
Iconsisting of the heads of these departments. The newly-formed cabinet's first order of
'business was to manage the implementation of Phase 11 of the reorganization plan.

Further alterations m the executive branch's structure followed between 1972
'and 1977. In 1973, the General Assembly passed the Executive Organizations Act
jof 1973. The act affected four of the newly created departments — Cultural Resources,
[Human Resources, MiUtary and Veterans Affairs and Revenue. The 1973 law vested
^final administrative and managerial powers for the executive branch in the hands of
khe governor and gave him powers to appoint a secretary for each of the departments
jnamed. The law also defined the powers of the secretaries, yet named specifically-
designated policy areas and executive powers already vested in various commissions
jthat could not be countermanded by either the governor or a departmental secretary

The 1973 act changed the name of the Department of Arts, Culture and Hislor)'
to the Department of Cultural Resources. Various boards, commissions, councils,
and societies providing cultural programs for North Carolina citizens were brought
under the umbrella of the Department of Cultural Resources.

The Department of Human Resources and the Department o^ Revenue were
Restructured. The 1973 act created a Board of Human Resources in the Department
jof Human Resources to serve as an advisory board to the secretary on any matter he
or she might refer to it.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Depariment of Military and Veterans Affairs was specifically charged with
making sure the states National Guard troops were trained to federal standards.
The act also made the department responsible for ensuring military and civil
preparedness and assisting veterans and their families and dependents. A new
Veterans Affairs Commission was created to assist the secretary with veterans services
programs.

The initial reorganization ot the states executive branch was mostly completed
by the end of 1975. The governor, however, sought several additional ■
reorganizational changes. The proposals primarily affected four departments — |
Commerce, Military and Veterans Affairs, Natural and Economic Resources and i
Transportation. - 1

The 1977 General Assembly enacted several laws implementing the new j
proposals. The old Department of Military and Veterans Affairs was replaced by a j
new Department of Crime Control and Public Safety. The Veterans Affairs j
Commission was transferred to the Department of Administration. The State Highway
Patrol, formerly part of the Department of Transportations Division of Motor '■
Vehicles, was transferred to the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety !
The 1977 act created a Governors Crime Commission administered by Crime ;
Control and Public Safety. ']

The Energy Division and the Energy Policy Council were transferred from the
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs to the Department of Commerce, along
with three agencies previously under the Department ot Transportation — the State
Ports Authority and two commissions on Navigation and Pilotage. '

Other legislative changes further reorganized the Department of Commerce by

transterring the Economic Development Division from the Department oi Natural

and Economic Development as well as by creating a Labor Eorce Development ■

Council to coordinate the needs of industry' with the programs offered in North '

Carolmas educational institutions. The Economic Development Division transfer,

encountered some opposition because the existing structure had allowed new

prospective industry to deal with only one department regarding enx'ironmental'

regulation and economic development.

i
Reorganization has become a predictable, on-going feature of state government's!

executive branch since 1971. Department names have changed, missions and

mandates have been altered and some agencies, such as the Office of State Controller,;

have been given autonomous status. One new department — the Department of'

Community Colleges - has been created.

The most sweeping reorganization since 1977 occurred in 1989 and involved'
major changes to the Departments of Commerce, Human Resources and Naturall
Resources and Community Development (NRCD). All three were restructured!
significantly. The Department of Natural Resources and Economic Development |

176

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

became the Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources with primary

responsibilities in the areas of environmental and natural resources management

and public health protection. The Department of Commerce was renamed the

I Department of Economic and Community Development. This department acquired

: the community development activities of the old NRCD and added them to the

commercial and industrial activity of the old Department of Commerce. The

; Department of Human Resources lost its Division of Health Services and several

sections from other divisions relating to environmental and health management.

I The growth in programs at the Department of Environment, Health and Natural
[Resources led to legislation approved in the 1996 General Assembly that formally
I reorganized the department yet again. As of June 1, 1997, all health functions and

programs were consolidated in the newly-renamed Department of Health and Human
(Services, which also comprised the former Department of Human Resources. The
[Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources was renamed the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

North Carolina's newest executive branch agency is North Carolina Department
of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. George L. Sweat, the departments
first secretary, was sworn into office on July 20, 2000.

JThe Council of State

, Origin and Composition

\ North Carolinas Council of State is composed of the elected officials enumerated
in Article 111 of the Constitution of North Carolina. Each of these officials is the
executive head of a department of state government. The council advises the governor
on certain important administrative matters of state. The council is also charged by
statute with other specific duties and responsibilities.

The Council of State had its origin in the Constitution of 1776. Drafted and
promulgated by the Eifth Provincial Congress in December, 1776, this document
was created without being subsequently submitted to North Carolina voters for
popular approval. The constitution — and its accompanying declaration of rights
— set forth the organizational structure of the new state government while, ai ihc
same time, limiting its ability to intrude in the private live of many state citizens.
The 1776 constitution established the familiar three-way separation of power thai
still forms the basis of state government in North Carolina. True power of stale,
however, was concentrated in the legislative branch.

A profound distrust of executive power was evident throughout the Constitution
of 1776. It allowed the governor only a one-year term with a limit of only three
terms in any six years. The small amount of executive authority granted to the

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

governor was further limited by requiring, in many instances, the concurrence of I
the Council of State before the governor could exercise power j

The Council of State consisted of seven men elected by joint vote of the two ;

houses of the General Assembly They were elected for a one-year term and could i

not be members of either the state Senate or the state House of Commons. If a ;

vacancy occurred, it was filled at the next session of the General Assembly. The ,

council was created to "advise the governor in the execution of his office," but was ;

independent of the governor. j

The role of our Council of State today is similar to what it was centuries ago. i
While no longer a separate and distinct body elected by the General Assembly, the '
functions of advising the governor and making decisions which are important to I
the operation of government have survived. j

i
Constitutional Basis

Article 111, Section 7, of the Constitution of North Carolina provides for the
election of the following state ofhcers:

Secretary of State

State Auditor

State Treasurer

Superintendent of Public Instruction

Attorney General

Commissioner of Labor

Commissioner of Agriculture

Commissioner of Insurance

All of these officers, including the governor and lieutenant governor, are elected
by the citizens of North Carolina at the same time that votes are cast for president I
and vice president — November of every other even-numbered year. They are elected '
to four-year terms and, except for the governor and lieutenant governor, who can be '
elected to only one additional consecutive term, there is no limit on the number of
times each member of the Council of State may be elected. In the event of vacancy '
on the council due to death, resignation or otherwise, the governor has the authority ;
to appoint someone to seiTe until a successor is elected at the next general election ■
for members of the General Assembly Section 8, Article HI of the Constitution ;
provides that those elected officials shall constitute the Council of State.

178

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Duties and Responsibilities

The duties and responsibilities of the Council of State, as prescribed in the
General Statutes of North Carolina, are to:

Advise the governor on calling special sessions of the North Carolina
General Assembly.

Advise the governor and state treasurer on investment of assurance fund.

Approve transfers from state property fire insurance fund agencies
suffering losses.

Approve the purchase of insurance for reinsurance.

Control internal improvements and require the chief executive of public
works to report on improvements to the council and the General
Assembly.

Approve the sale, lease and mortgage of corporate property in which the
state has an interest.

Investigate public works companies.

Approve the governor's determination of competitive positions.

Allot contingency and emergency funds for many purposes.

Approve survey of state boundaries.

Sign bonds in lieu of treasurer.

Authorize the treasurer on replacing bonds and notes.

Authorize the treasurer to borrow in emergency and report such to the
state legislature.

Approve the issuance of bonds, set interest rate and approve the manner

of sale.

Request cancellation of highway bonds in sinking funds if necessary

Approve borrowing in anticipation of collection of taxes.

Approve parking lot rules.

Participate in lease, rental, purchase and sale of real property.

Approve motor pool rules.

Approve general service rules and regulations.

Approve property and space allocations.

Approve war and civil defense plans.

Approve banks and securities for state funds.

Approve all state land transactions.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Meetings

The Council ot Slate meets monthly at a time agreed upon by its members.
Currently, the council meets the first Tuesday of each month. Prior to 1985, Council
of State meetings were exempted from the State Open Meetings Law by act of the
General Assembly. There was, however, so much public uproar over this practice
that since 1985 the meetings have been open.

180

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The Office of the Governor

The Office of the Governor is the oldest governmental office in the state. North
! Carolina's hrst governor was Ralph Lane, v^'ho served as governor of Sir Walter

Raleigh's first colony on Roanoke Island (1585). The first permanent governor was
. William Drummond, appointed by William Berkeley, Governor of Virginia, and
I one of the Lords Proprietor. Prior to 1729, governors were appointed by the Lords

Proprietor and, after 1730, they were appointed by the crown. A governor serv'ed at

the pleasure of the appointing body, usually until he resigned, although there were
' several instances where other factors were involved. When a regularly-appointed

governor, for whatever reason, could no longer perform his functions as chief
i executive, either the president of the council, the deputy or lieutenant governor

took over until a new governor could be appointed. Following our first state
i constitution, the governor was elected by the two houses of the General Assembly.

He was elected to serv^e a one-year term and could serve no more than three years in

any six.

f In 1835, with popular pressure for a more democratic form of government
being felt in Raleigh, a constitutional convention voted to amend certain sections of
the state constitution. One of the amendments provided for election of the governor
by vote of the people every two years. Little was done, however, to increase his

' authority in areas other than that of appointments.

In 1868, North Carolinians adopted their second constitution. The Constitution
' of 1868 incorporated many of the amendments that had been added to the original
1 1776 Constitution, but also included changes resulting from the Civil War and
emerging new attitudes towards government. Provisions in this new constitution
I increased the governor's term of office from two to four years and increased some of
' his duties and powers as well.

Today North Carolina is governed by its third consiuulion. When ratified by
the state's voters m 1970, the new state constitution contained few changes dealing
with the executive branch in general and the governor in particular. The citizens of
North Carolina addressed the issue of gubernatorial succession in 1977 and voted
to allow the governor and heutenant governor to run for a second consecutive
term. Following his re-election in 1980, Governor James B. Hunt, Jr. became the
first Governor of North Carolina since 1866 to be elected to two consecutive four-
year terms and to an unprecedented third term in 1992. Gov Hunt won re-election
again in 1996.

In 1972, the Office of the Governor was created as one of the 19 departments in
the executive branch of state government. Under the governor's immediate jurisdiction
are assistants and personnel needed to carry out the functions of chief executive.
The Governor of North Carolina is not only the state's chief executive. He or she
also directs the state budget and is responsible for all phases of budgeting from the

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 i

initial preparation to final execution. The governor is commander-in-chief of the '
states military forces. He or she also serves as chair of the Council of State, which I
meets regularly and which may convene m times of emergencies. The governor has
the authority to convene a special session of the General Assembly should affairs of ,
the state dictate such a move. !

The North CaroUna Constitution requires the governor to faithfully execute the
laws of the state. He or she has the power to grant pardons and commute prison ;
sentences. The governor may also issue extradition warrants and requests, join j
interstate compacts and re-orgamze and consolidate state agencies under his direct \
control. The governor has hnal authority over state expenditures and is also
responsible for the administration of all funds and loans from the federal ,
government. At the start of each regular session of the General Assembly, the governor
delivers the State of the State address to a joint session of the legislature. Chief .

administrative branches of the Office of the Governor include:

Executive Assistants

The Executive Assistants to the Governor oversee the Office of the Governor. '
They monitor the cabinets policy development, serve as the Governors link to
cabinet members and advise the Governor on legislative matters. The executive
assistants also represent the Governor m matters of state, serving as his or her
representative.

Legal Counsel

The Legal Counsel to the Governor, appointed by the Governor, monitors all
legal issues relating to the Governor, his cabinet and the Council of State. He advises
the Governor when policy developments involve legal issues, coordinates judicial
appointments, coordinates the preparation and execution of all Executive Orders ■
issued by the Governor and investigates the merits of pardon requests, commutations,
reprieves, extraditions and rewards. !

Office of Budget and Management I

Responsible for the state budget, the state budget officer is appointed by the
governor to assist m carrying out fiscal responsibilities. The Office of Budget and :
Management, under direction of the state budget office, directs preparation of the ;
state budget, advises the governor on policy decisions related to the biennial budget, ,
legislative issues and the management of state government. The state budget officer
also serves as a liaison to the states business community.

Boards and Commissions Office

The Boards and Commissions Office reviews applications and submits
recommendations for appointment to the governor for more than 350 statutory
and non-statutory boards and commissions controlled by the Oftice of the Governor.

182

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

i The Boards and Commissions Office researches quahfications and requirements,
mamtains records and serves as a haison with associations, agencies and interested
individuals and groups.

I
Press Office

The Press Secretary serves as the spokesperson for the Office of the Governor
and coordinates communications efforts for the administration, making sure the
' press and pubhc get information about their state government. The office prepares
I press releases, speeches and plans public events for the Governor.

Policy Office

The Policy Office is responsible for developing the Governor's key policy
initiatives, including those presented to the General Assembly for enactment or

! funding and those implemented by executive action or in cabinet agencies. The
PoUcy Ofhce works with state agencies, interest groups, nonproht organizations,
community and business leaders and others in an effort to develop initiatives that

; reflect the Governors agenda. An emphasis is placed on public-private partnerships,
with a focus on community-based solutions to North Carolina's problems.

Office of Citizen Services and Community Relations

The Office of Citizen Services and Community Relations serves as a source of
'information and referral to the citizens of the state. It serves as the source for
' citizens to call to let the Governor know how they feel about issues of importance
j to them. It also serves to refer callers to the appropriate local, state or federal agency
from which they need assistance. The office handles much of the Governors
correspondence to the citizens of North Carolina. Requests from students across
the country seeking information about North Carolina for school reports, birthda\'
and anniversary greetings and military retirement letters are processed through this
office. All e-mail sent to the Governor is routed through the Office of Citizen Services.
The office answers much of the e-mail or it is forwarded to the proper agency for a
response. The Order of the Long Leaf Pine, Certificates of Appreciation, Honorarv-
Tar Heel and Volunteer Certificates of Appreciation are processed through this office.
Additionally requests for proclamations and other special letters, i.e. condolence.
greetings/welcome/congratulatory letters for conventions, conferences, church and
business anniversaries and commendation letters for acts of braver)' and heroism,
are processed in this office.

Education Policy Office

The Education Policy Office is responsible for advising the Governor and
developing the Governors key policy initiatives on education from the K-12 level
through higher education. The office works with the stales public school,
community college and university systems, private colleges and universities, interest

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

groups, nonprofit organizations, community and business leaders and others to
develop the Governors education mitiatives. The Education Policy Office includes
the Senior Education Advisor and Teacher Advisor.

Office of Community Affairs \

The Oftice of Community Affairs advises the Governor on issues related to
minority citizens of North Carolina with an emphasis on pohcy, legislation and
personnel. The office is responsible for making recommendations to the Go\'ernor
to address current issues of concern to minority citizens. They plan and coordinate '
conferences related to the minority populations such as conferences on race, the I
African American Male Summit and Martin Luther King, Jr. Observance Day j

Legislati\e Counsel

The Legislative Counsel of the Office of the Governor is responsible for '
establishing and maintaining a working relationship with members ot the General I
Assembly on all legislative matters of importance to the Governor. The Legislative
Counsel tracks legislation as it moves through the General Assembly and reports i
on its progress to the Governor.

Intergoxentmental Affairs '

This ofhce is responsible for coordinating state-federal issues and state-local
issues of the importance to North Carolina. It serves as the point of contact and
provides staff support for the state's participation m national and regional
organizations such as the National Governors' Association, the Southern Governors'
Association, Southern Growth Policies Board, Council ol State Governments,
Appalachian Regional Commission and many others. On state-local issues, the
unit is the liaison with the local government interests m the state. Staff works withl
the N.C. Association of County Commissioners, N.C. League of Municipalities,
councils of government, as well as individual local otticials. i

Eastern Office 1

Located m New Bern, this office serves as a regional extension of the Governors
Raleigh office. The eastern office links local governments, the private sector and'
citizens of 33 eastern North Carolina counties. The office ser\'es as a resource for
citizens, works with public and private groups to assist them, carries out the.
Governors policies and addresses the needs ot citizens in eastern North Carolina.'
The staif also represents the Governor at lorums, civic and business events.

Western Office

Established in 1977, the Western Office serves as a direct link between the
Governor and western North Carolina residents. The office, located in Ashe\ille
serves 27 western counties, working with local governments and the private sectoi

184

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

to respond to the needs of the regions citizens. This office also works with legislators

representing the region to promote programs and funding to boost western North

Carolina. The staff of the Western Office represents the Governor on councils and

i boards, as well as at public forums and civic and business events. Day-to-day

' management and super\ision of the use of the Governor's western residence is a

major responsibiUty of this ofhce. The residence is available to non-profit, civic,

! state, local and federal agencies for meetings, retreats and other gatherings.

Washington, B.C. Office

! The North Carolina Washington Office serves as a liaison for the Governor,
'North Carolina's congressional delegation, federal agencies and the White House.
[The staff monitors and evaluates the impact of federal legislative initiatives proposed
jby the administration and advocates for the interests of the state. The Washington
Office also responds directly to constituent requests for information.

For further mformation about the Office of the Governor, call (919) 733-5811
or visit the Web site for the Office of the Governor at aa^v^v. governor. state. nc. us.

Boards and Commissions

Advisory Budget Commission

Christa McAulifJe Fellowship Program Selection Committee
\ Education Commission of the States
I Governor's Council on Minority Executives
] Governor's Minority, Female and Disabled-Owned Businesses Contractors

'Advisory Committee

Governor's Programs of Excellence in Education Selection Committee

Governor's Western Residence Board of Directors
National Football League Blue Ribbon Commission
N.C. Business Council of Management and Development, Inc.
N.C. Governor's Commission on Workforce Preparedness
N.C. 2000 Steering Committee

Southeast Compact Commission for Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manage-
ment

Southern Regional Education Board

Southern Regional Education Board Legislative Work Conference Delegates
Southern States Energy Board
Governor's Volunteer Advisory Council (Office of Citizen Affairs)

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Michael F. Easley

Governor

Early Years

Born m Nash County, N.C. on March 23, 1950, to
Huldah and Alex Easley.

Educational Background

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, B.A.
in Political Science 1972; North Carolina Central
University, Juris Doctor, 1976.

Professional Background

Governor of North Carolina, 2001 -Present; North
Carolina Attorney General, 1992-2001; District
Attorney for the 13th Judicial District m Bmnswick,
Bladen, and Columbus counties, 1982-1990.

Honors and Awards

The North Carolina Association of Black County Ofhcials' Humanitarian Award;
the North Carolina Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics' Excellence in
Public Service for Children Award; the North Carolina Common Causes 1999
Leadership m State Government Award; and the 1998 Health Policy Award from
the state Heart and Lung Associations, and the Cancer Society

Personal Information

Gov. Easley is an avid hunter and sailor and an accomplished woodworker. He and
his wife Mary have one child, Michael, Jr., age 17.

Legislative Initiatives

Since taking ofhce in February 2001, Gov. Easley has kept North Carolina on a'
progressive and competitive course by improving education for our children,
creating good jobs for working families, caring for our elderly, and cleaning up the'
environment. His policy initiatives have included: |

Putting Education First

Less than one year after Mike Easley was elected Governor, he signed into law a;
budget that makes significant investments and progress in education. More than
80 percent of his budget was earmarked for education improvements, including a
pre-kindergarten program for at-risk four-year-olds called More at Four, a class-sizel
reduction plan, and teacher recruitment and retention initiatives. Easleys budget
also includes incentives designed to keep and attract the best teachers for North
Carolina s children. In fact. North Carolina was recently ranked first m the countr)';
in improving teacher quality [Education Weeks Quality Counts Report, Press|
Release, 1/7/011 In proposing a funding initiative for higher education, Easleyi

186

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER F

OUR

Strove to better prepare North Carolina's workforce by including a package that
enhances training programs and college scholarships.

Economic Prosperity

Gov. Easley's commitment to an economically progressive North Carolina is
profound. His vision of "One North CaroUna" where every community has the
I opportunity for success is quickly becoming a reality. Easley initiated the 2 P' Century
i Communities' Initiative, which partners local communities with the Department of
Commerce and other regional, state and federal agencies to rapidly develop an
I economic game plan tailored for that community. In his first year in office, North
; CaroUna saw a total of $5.8 bilUon in new business investment and the creation of
I 31,216 new jobs.

Better Health Care for Children and Families

In 2001, Easley signed into law the nation's strongest Patients" Bill of Rights
legislation. The bipartisan bill provides an expedient external review process for

I situations in which care was denied, allows patients to hold health plans accountable,
requires managed care plans to allow patients with special needs to continue to see
their doctor even if that doctor is no longer part of the health plan and allows

; patient referrals to nonparticipating specialists if in-plan specialists were unavailable.

J Easley's Patients' Bill of Rights also establishes an ombudsman to provide assistance

: to patients.

;In December 2001, Easley established the state's Prescription Drug Plan to help
(seniors cope with the high cost of prescription drugs. A priority of Easley's, the
j plan makes eligible those seniors with incomes less than $17,180 a year and couples
'with incomes less than $23,220. The plan includes treatment for three specific
diseases: cardiovascular disease, diabetes melhtus and chronic obstructive pulmonar)-
'disease.

Cleaning Up the Environment

Gov. Easley is committed to putting m place and enforcing the programs thai arc
essential to restoring and protecting the natural heritage of the state and the health
of its citizens. In April 2002, he announced an agreement that will enable the clean
smokestacks legislation to dramatically reduce emissions without raising increasing
electricity rates for consumers.

iGovernors of North Carolina

Governors of ''Virginia"*

Name Term

Ralph Lane^ 1585-1586

John White^ 1587

187

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Proprietary Chief Executives

Name Term

(Samuel Stephens)^ 1622-1664

William Drummond"* 1665-1667

Samuel Sicphens' 1667-1670

Peter Caneret'^ 1670-1671

Peter Carteret' 1671-1672

John Jenkms^ 1672-1675

Thomas Eastchurch- 1675-1676

[Speaker-Assembly]^'^ 1676

John Jenkins" 1676-1677

Thomas Eastchurch'- 1677

Thomas Miller" 1677

[Rebel Council]'^ 1677-1679

Seth Sothell'^ 1678

John Harvey'' 1679

Johnjenkms'' 1679-1681

Henry Wilkmson'^ 1682

Seth SothelP^ 1682-1689

John Archdale^*-^ 1683-1686

John Gibbs-' 1689-1690

Phillip Ludwell" 1690-1691

Thomas Jarvis^' 1690-1694

Phillip LudwelP^ 1693-1695

Thomas Harvey^' 1694-1699

John Archdale-' 1695

John Archdale-' 1697

Henderson Walker^*^ 1699-1703

Robert DanieP" 1703-1705

Thomas Cary^^' 1705-1706

William Glover^' 1706-1707

Thomas Cary^^ 1707

William Glover" 1707-1708

Thomas Cary^^ 1709-1710

Edward Hyde'' 1711-1712

Edward Hyde '^ 1712

Thomas PoUock'^^ 1712-1714

Charles Eden'^ 1714-1722

Thomas Pollock"^' 1722

William Reed-^' 1722-1724

Edward Moseley"^' 1724

188

(

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOU

Proprietary Chief Executives (continued)

Name Term

George Burrington'^^ 1724-1725

Sir Richard E verard"*^ 1725-1731

Royal Chief Executives'^

Name

Term

George Burrington'^^

1731-1734

Nathaniel Rice'*^

1734

Gabriel Johnston'^'^

1734-1752

Nathaniel Rice"*'^

1752-1753

Matthew Rowan^*^

1753-1754

Arthur Dobbs^^

1754-1765

James Hasell"

1763

Wilham Tryon"

1765

Wilham Tryon^"^

1765-1771

James HaselP^

1771

Josiah Martin^^

1771-1775

James Hasell"

1774

Elected hy the General Assembly^^

Name

Residence

Richard CaswelP^

Dobbs

Richard Caswell

Dobbs

1 Richard Caswell

Dobbs

1 Richard Caswell

Dobbs

Abner Nash*'°

Craven

Thomas Burke^^

Orange

1 Alexander Martin^^

Guilford

', Alexander Martin

Guilford

1 Alexander Martin

Guilford

^[Alexander Martin

Guilford

; Richard Caswell

Dobbs

5 Richard Caswell

Dobbs

Samuel Johnston

Chowan

Samuel Johnston*^^

Chowan

Alexander Martin^'^

Guilford

i Alexander Martin

Guilford

! Alexander Martin

Guilford

i Richard Dobbs Spaight

Craven

j Richard Dobbs Spaight

Craven

Term

1776-

1777-

1778-

1779-

1780-

1781-

1782-

1783-

1784-

1785-

1787-

1788-

1789

1 789-

1 790-

1792

1792-

1793-

1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1788
1789

1790
1792

1793
1795

189

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Elected by the General Asse

jtihly^^ (continued)

Name

Residence

Term

Richard Dobbs Spaight

Craven

1795

Samuel Ashe

New Hanover

1795-1796

Samuel Ashe

New Hanover

1796-1797

Samuel Ashe

New Hanover

1797-1798

William R. Davie^^

Halifax

1798-1799

Benjamin Williams

Moore

1799-1800

Benjamin Williams

Moore

1800-1801

Benjamin Williams

Moore

1801-1802

John Baptiste Ashe'^''

Halifax

1802

James Turner'"''

Warren

1802-1803

James Turner

Warren

1803-1804

James Turner''^

Warren

1804-1805

Nathaniel Alexander

Mecklenburg

1805-1806

Nathaniel Alexander

Mecklenburg

1806-1807

Benjamin Williams

Moore

1807-1808

David Stone

Bertie

1808-1809

David Stone

Bertie

1809-1810

Benjamin Smith

Brunswick

1810-1811

William Hawkins

Warren

1811-1812

William Hawkins

Warren

1812-1813

William Hawkins

Warren

1813-1814

William Miller

Warren

1814-1815

William Miller

Warren

1815-1816

William Miller

Warren

1816-1817

John Branch

Halifax

1817-1818

John Branch

Halifax

1818-1819

John Branch

Halifax

1819-1820

Jesse Franklin

Surry

1820-1821

Gabriel Holmes

Sampson

1821-1822

Gabriel Holmes

Sampson

1822-1823

Gabriel Holmes

Sampson

1823-1824

Hutchings G. Burton

Halifax

1824-1825

Hutchings G. Burton

Halifax

1825-1826

Hutchings G. Burton

Halifax

1826-1827

James Iredell, Jr.'^"

Chowan

1827-1828

John Owen

Bladen

1828-1829

John Owen

Bladen

1829-1830

Montford Stokes^*^

Wilkes

1830-1831

190

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Elected hy the General Assembly^^ (continued)

I Name Residence

I Montford Stokes Wilkes

j David L. Swain Buncombe

I David L. Swain Buncombe

' Richard D. Spaight, Jr.

Craven

Popular Election: Two-Year Terms^^

Name

Residence

Edward B. Dudley

New Hanover

Edward B. Dudley

New Hanover

John M. Morehead

Guilford

John M. Morehead

Guilford

i William A. Graham

Orange

William A. Graham

Orange

Charles Manly

Wake

[David S. Reid'^

Rockingham

[David S. Reid^^

Rockingham

• Warren Winslow^'^

Cumberland

1 Thomas Bragg

Northampton

j Thomas Bragg

Northampton

jjohn W. Ellis

Rowan

Ijohn W. Ellis^5

Rowan

Henry T. Clark^^

Edgecombe

Zebulon B. Vance

Buncombe

Zebulon B. Vance

Buncombe

jWilliam W. Holden^^

Wake

^Jonathan Worth

Randolph

Jonathan Worth

Randolph

\Popular Election: Eour-Year Terms^^

JName

Residence

IWilliam W Holden^^

Wake

Tod R. Caldwell''^'^

Burke

Tod R. Caldwell"'

Burke

'Curtis H. Brogden

Wayne

jZebulon B. Vance^^

Buncombe

JThomas J. Jarvis^^

Pill

jThomas J. Jarvis

Pill

lames L. Robinson*^"*

Macon

Term

1831-1832

1832-1833

1833-1834

1834-1835

1835-1836

Term

1836-

1838-

1841-

1842-

1845-

1847-

1849-

1851-

1852-

1854-

1855-

1857-

1859-

1861

1861-

1862-

1864-

1865

1865-

1866-

1838
1841
1842
1845
1847
1849
1851
1852
1854
1855
1857
1859
1861

1862
1864
1865

1866
1868

Term

1868-1870

1870-1873

1873-1874

1874-1877

1877-1879

1879-1881

1881-1885

1883

191

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Popular Election: Four-Year Terms^'^ (continued)

Name

Alfred M. Scales
Daniel G. Fowle'^''
Thomas M. Holt
Elias Can-
Daniel L. Russell
Charles B. Aycock
Roberl B. Glenn
William W. Kitchm
Locke Craig
Thomas W Bickett
Cameron Morrison
Angus W McLean
Oliver Max Gardner
John C. B. Ehringhaus
Clyde R. Hoey
John Melville Broughton
Robert Gregg Cheriy
William Kerr Scott
William B. Umstead^*"
Luther H. Hodges
Luther H. Hodges
Terry Sanford
Daniel K. Moore
Robert W Scott
James E. Holshouser, Jr.'^^
James B. Hunt, Jr.
James B. Hunt, Jr;'^'-
James G. Martin""
James G. Martin
James B. Hunt, Jr."^'
Michael E Easley

Residence

Rockingham

Wake

Alamance

Edgecombe

Brunswick

Wayne

Forsyth

Person

Buncombe

Franklin

Mecklenburg

Robeson

Cleveland

Pasquotank

Cleveland

Wake

Gaston

Alamance

Durham

Rockingham

Cumberland

Jackson

Alamance

Watauga

Wilson

Iredell

Wilson

New Hanover

Term

1885-1889

1889-1891

1891-1893

1893-1897

1897-1901

1901-1905

1905-1909

1909-1913

1913-1917

1917-1921

1921-1925

1925-1929

1929-1933

1933-1937

1937-1941

1941-1945

1945-1949

1949-1953

1953-1954

1954-1957

1957-1961

1961-1965

1965-1969

1969-1973

1973-1977

1977-1981

1981-1985

1985-1989

1989-1993

1993-2000

2001 -Present

Goxemors of ''Virginia''

' Lane was appointed by Sir Walter Raleigh and left Plymouth, England on Api!
9, 1585. His expedition reached the New World in July A colony, however, w.
not established until August.

^ White was appointed by Sir Walter Raleigh and departed from Portsmout
England on April 26, 1587. The expedition made stops at the Isle of Wight ar
Plymouth before setting sail for "Virginia" on May 5. They reached the area to |
settled on July 22, but Governor White wanted to make some preliminaj'

192

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

explorations before allowing the remainder of his party to go ashore. Three days
later the colonists left the ships. Food shortages and the absence of other needed
supplies forced White to leave for England on August 27, 1587. Delayed in
England because of war with Spam, White did not return to North Carolina until
1590. Leaving England on March 20, he arrived m August, but found no evidence
of life. On a nearby tree he found the letters "C.R.O." and on another "CROATAN."
White never did find his missing colony and the mystery of the "Lost Colony"
remains unsolved.

Proprietary Chief Executi\es

^ Stephens was appointed ''commander of the southern plantations" by the council
in Virginia. The geographical location of the "southern plantations" was the
Albemarle Sound region of northeastern North Carolina where "overflow" settlers
from Virginia lived. William S. Powell has suggested that Stephens' "presence in
Carolina removed any urgency for a prompt appointment" of a governor for
I CaroUna when Berkeley was instructed to do so by the Lords Proprietor and
explains why Drummond was not appointed until 1664.

Drummond was appointed by William Berkeley, Governor of Virginia, at the
request of Berkeley's fellow Lords Proprietor in England. He began serving prior
to the delivery of his commission by Peter Carteret in February, 1665. Since
other commissions issued to Carteret bear the date December, 3, 1664, it is
possible that Drummond's commission was also issued on that date. Records
show that he was still governor in December, 1666, and that a successor was not
appointed until October, 1667. He supposedly moved to Virginia sometime during
1667.

The Lords Proprietor appointed Stephens to replace Drummond. Stephens began
serving prior to the delivery of his commission in April, 1668. He died while
still in office sometime before March 7, 1670.

Carteret had been commissioned lieutenant governor by the Lords Proprietor on
December 3, 1664, and was chosen president by the North Carolina Council
upon the death of Stephens. He was later appointed governor by ihe Lords
Proprietor. He left the colony for England sometime after May 10, 1672.

See footnote 6.

Carteret commissioned Jenkins to act as deputy governor when he left ilic colony
Carteret's legal authority to make this appointment rested in commissions issued
by the Lords Proprietor in October, 1670, hm expired "at ihc end of four years"
according to provisions in the Fundamental Constitutions. Carierei had not
returned to the colony when his commission to Jenkins officially expired. Jenkins,
however, continued to serve. When the General Assembly met following elections
in September, 1675, opposition had formed against Jenkins and he was
imprisoned on charges of "several misdemeanors".

193

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

"^ Eastchurch was elecled speaker of the assembly and assumed the role of governor
following the imprisonment of Jenkins. He seems to have remamed ni this
position until the spring of 1676 when he departed the colony for England.

^^' Eastchurch "apparently left someone else as speaker, for the assembly remained

in session". Jenkins, however, was forcibly liberated from prison by friends "at

some date before late March, 1676." He exercised enough control to hold a court

and, for a period prior to the departure of Eastchurch for England, both he and

Jenkins exercised control over the province. In October, 1676, Jenkins, backed i

by an armed force, dissolved the assembly and resumed the role of governor. I

I
" See footnote 10. !

^' The Lords Proprietor commissioned Eastchurch as governor. Upon his return to!
the colony, he stopped at Nevis m the West Indies and sought the attention of a!
wealthy lady. Deciding to remain in Nevis for a while, he appointed Thomas i
Miller deputy governor until his return. Eastchurch never returned to Northi
Carolina, dying m Virginia while on his way back to the colony Because he had
not officially qualihed as governor in Albemarle, Eastchurch had no legal authority,
to appoint Miller. When Miller reached Albemarle, however, he was able to secure
his position with little initial trouble. Millers aggressive attempts to quiet,
opposition and his general handling ot the government soon put him in conflict:
with the populace. This conflict erupted into the political upheaval known as
"Culpepper's Rebellion."

^^ See footnote 12.

^■^ Tradition is that John Culpepper was elected governor by the assembly members'
when they rebelled against Miller. There is no documentary evidence to substantiate
claims that he held any post other than that of customs collector. Dr. kindle)
Butler suggests that it is possible that John Jenkins, the last de jure executive c
the colony, acted as a dc jacto government and evidence exists that a "rebel" counci
meeting was held in early 1678 at his home. i

^^ Sothell was appointed governor in 1678, but was captured "by the Turkes anc
carried into Argier (sic). . ." and did not take office.

Harvey s commission instructed him to act as "President of the Council and executi!
the authority of the government until the arrival of Mr. Sothell". Other details ari'
not known. He died while still m office.

Jenkins was elected president of the council following the death of Han'ey anc!
died on December 17, 1681, while still in office.

Wilkinson was appointed by the Lords Proprietor but never left England — "hj
was arrested and imprisoned m London while preparing to sail". j

Sothell, following his purchase of the "Earl of Clarendons share of Carolina';
became governor under a provision of the Fundamental Constitution whic

194

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

"provided that the eldest proprietor that shall be in Carolina shall be Governor "
The date of Sothells assumption of governorship is not known. Extant records
tell nothing about the government of Albemarle in the year following Jenkins'
death. It is possible that Sothell reached the colony and took office before Jenkins
died or soon afterwards. It is also possible that for a time there was an acting
governor chosen by the council or that there may have been a period of chaos.
Nothing is known except that Sothell arrived in Albemarle at some time prior to
March 10, 1682, when he held court at Edward Smithwick's house in Chowan
Precinct. Sothell soon ran into trouble with the people of Albemarle and at the
meeting of the assembly in 1689, thirteen charges of misconduct and irregularities
were brought against him. He was banished from the colony for 12 months and
was prohibited from ever again holding public office in Albemarle. On December
5, 1689, the Lords Proprietor ofhcially suspended Sothell as governor because
he abused the authority granted him as a proprietor.

^° Archdale was in the colony by December, 1683, to collect quitrents and remained
in Albemarle until 1686. While Governor Sothell was absent from the county,
Archdale served on many occasions as acting governor.

^^ The Fundamental Constitutions provided that the eldest proprietor living in the
colony would be governor and that if there were none, then the eldest cacique
was to act. "Gibbs, a relative of the Duke of Albemarle, had been made a cacique
of Carolina in October, 1682, and had been granted a manor in the southern
Carolina colony a few months later. Gibbs came to Albemarle at some date before
November, 1689, by which time he was known as 'governor.' His claim to the
governorship seems to have been recognized in the colony for a time; an assembly
appears to have been held while he was governor.' It is probable that Albemarle
inhabitants recognized his claim until word arrived of Ludwell's appointment,
which was made in December, 1689." Even after Ludwell arrived in Albemarle
Gibbs continued to claim his right to the office. In July 1690, both were advised
by the Virginia governor to carry their dispute to the Proprietor in England.
which was apparently done. On November 8, 1691, the Proprietor issued a
proclamation to the inhabitants of Albemarle reaffirming Sothel's suspension and
repudiating the claim of Gibbs. They also suspended the Fundamcnial
Constitutions, which stripped Gibbs of any further legal basis for his actions.
(The actions of the Proprietors on November 8, 1691, did in fact suspend ihc
Fundamental Constitutions even though formal announcement of their
suspension was not made until May 11, 1693.)

The Lords Proprietor commissioned Ludwell as governor on December 5. l089,
following the suspension of Sothell. His dispute with Gibbs led to the issuance
of a second commission on November 8, 1691. He served as governor uniil hi-;
appointment as governor of all Carolina.

195

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

^^ Jams acted as deputy governor while Ludwell was in Virginia and England. He I
was officially appointed deputy governor upon LudwelTs acceptance of the j
governorship ol Carolina and served until his death m 1694.

^"^ Ludwell served as acting governor, possibly by appointment of Thomas Smith,
governor ol Carolina. The authority under which he acted is not known. In !
October, 1694, it is apparent that the Lords Proprietor did not know of his
position since surviving documents from that time refer to him as ''our late j
Governor of North Carolina." Ludwell issued a proclamation on November 28, j
1693, and land grant records indicate that he acted as chief executive intermittently j
throughout 1694 and as late as May of 1695. Records show that he was residing |
in Virginia by April, 1695, and had been elected to represent James City County .
m the Virginia Assembly. j

'^^ HdYvey became president of the council upon the death of Jawis m 1694. He was j
presiding over the council on July 12, 1694, and signed several sur\'ey warrants ;
the same day. He continued serving until his death on July 3, 1699.

'^^ Archdale stopped in North Carolina for a few weeks and acted as chief executive |
on his way to Charleston to assume office as governor of Carolina. He was in
Virginia en route to Charleston on June 11, 12 and 13, 1695, and was in .
Charleston by August 17, 1695, the date on which he took the oath ot ofhce at
Charleston.

''^ Archdale s authority to act as governor rested with his previous commission, i
which was still valid. The problem of gubernatorial succession at this time is
due to the death of Lord Craven and confusion over the tenure of Lord Bath. '
Since no one other than the Lord Palatine could commission a new go\-crnor,
there had been no "regular" governor appointed for Carolina.

'"^ Walker, as president of the council, assumed the role of chief executive shortly'
after the death of Harvey and relinquished it upon the arrival ol Robert Daniel
sometime between June 20, 1703 and July 29, 1703.

^^ Daniel was appointed deputy governor of Carolina by Sir Nathaniel Johnson,,
Governor of Carolina, and was acting m this capacity by July 29, 1703. Conflicts'
with minority religious groups, primarily the Quakers, led to his suspension in
March, 1705. )

^^^ Gary was appointed by Sir Nathaniel Johnson, Governor of Carolina, to replace
Daniel and arrived in North Carolina on March 21, 1705. Dissenters were pleased'
initially with the appointment, because Car}' was related by marriage to John
Archdale, the Quaker proprietor. This initial feeling of goodwill toward Caryj
soon changed. When he arrived in North Carolina, Gary found Anglicans in;
most places of power and, therefore, cast his lot with them. Although the lawj
requiring oaths of allegiance was still on the statute books, dissenters had assumedi
that Gary would not enforce it. When the General Court met on March 27.i

196

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

however, Gary did just that, the oath act being publicly read and put into execution.
At the General Assembly meeting in November, 1705, Quaker members were
again required to take oaths. They refused and were subsequently excluded from
the legislature. Gary and his Anglican allies then passed a law voiding the election
of anyone found guilty of promoting his own candidacy This loosely-defined
bill gave the majority faction in the lower house the power to exclude any
undesirable member and was designed to be used against troublesome non-
Quakers.

Gary's actions spurred dissenter leaders and some disgruntled Anglicans to send
a representative to England to plead for relief. In October, 1706, their chosen
spokesman, John Porter, left Albemarle for London. Surviving records make it
clear that Porter was not a Quaker and, m fact, may have been an Anglican.
Although he did not take the oaths of office with his fellow justices at the October/
November, 1705, session of the General Gourt, he had taken them in March,
1705. In England, Porter received the support of John Archdale, who persuaded
the Lords Proprietor to issue orders to Porter suspendmg Sir Nathaniel Johnsons
authority over North Garolina, removing Gary as deputy governor, naming five
new councilors and authorizing the council to elect a chief executive.

Returning to Albemarle in October, 1707, Porter found William Glover and the
council presiding over the government because Gary had left for a visit to South
GaroHna. This arrangement appeared satisfactory to Porter, who called the new
lords deputies together and nominated Glover as president of the council. Glover
was elected, but the vote was illegal since Porters instructions required that Gary
and the former councillors be present for the voting. Porter knew exactly what he
was doing, however, and later used the illegality of the election to force Glover
out of office.

On November 3, 1707, Glover convened the general assembly at John Hecklfields
house at Little River. Joining him in the upper house as lords deputies were
Porter, Foster, Newby Hawkins and Thomas Gary recently returned from South
Garolina. After requesting that the lower house send its list of members to him.
the president proposed dissolution of the assembly without further business.
Gary objected, but the following day Glover and the rest of the council dissolved
the General Assembly Although he had been required to convene the assembly
in comphance with the biennial act which specified that a legislative session lie
held every two years, Glover apparently did not want Gar\- lo use ihc gathering as
a forum.

At some point between the close of the assembly in November, 1707. and the
summer of 1708, Glover turned on the dissenters. Apparently he decided to
revive the oath of office and force the Quaker councillors to take il. Seeing the
turn of events, Gary moved to join Porter and the dissenters in the hope of
regaining the chief executives office. After receiving assurances of toleration from

197

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Gary, Porter moved decisively. Late in the summer of 1708, he called together
both Carys old councillors and the new ones, as he was ongmally supposed to
have done in October, 1707, and announced that Glovers election as president
had been illegal. Glover, jomed by Thomas Pollock, protested vigorously and
armed violence broke out between the two factions. Soon, though, both sides
agreed to let the General Assembly determine the validity of their rival claims.
Gary and Glover each issued separate writs of election to ever}^ precinct which
then proceeded to elect two sets of burgesses - one pledged to Gar)- and one to
Glover. Gary men predominated in Bath Gounty and Pasquotank and Perquimans :
precincts. Glover men controlled Gurrituck precinct, and Ghowan was almost
evenly divided. In the critical maneuvering tor control of the assembly which
met October 11, 1708, Gary forces scored an early ultimately decisive victory.
Edward Moseley an Anglican vestryman, was chosen speaker of the house. Despite '
his religious afhliation, he was a Gary supporter. Through Moseleys careful '
management, Gar)' delegates were seated from ever}' precinct except Gurrituck. j
When news of the Gary victory in the lower house reached Glover, he departed ^
for Virginia. There is evidence that Glover continued to act in the capacity of i
president of a council during 1709 and 1710. Land grant records indicate several
grants throughout each year bear his name and the names of his councillors. The ;
general assembly nullihed the test oaths and the council officially elected Gary ;
president.

The Lords Proprietor were slow to intervene to stop the political turmoil in '
North Garolina. In December, 1708, they appointed Edward T)Tite to be governor
oi Garolina and instructed him to make Edward Hyde deputy governor of North
Garolina. Arriving in the colony early in 1711, Hyde had no legal claim on the '
deputy governorship because Tynte had died before commissioning him. He
was, however, warmly received in Albemarle and his position as a distant kinsman '
of the queen so impressed the council that it elected Hyde to the presidency. He':
called a general assembly for March, 1711, where he recommended harsh,
legislation against dissenters and the arrest of Gary and Porter. From his home in
Bath, Gary rallied his supporters to resist and the armed conflict known as the'
Gar)' Rebellion began.

^' See footnote 30.

^- See footnote 30.

^"* See footnote 30.

^^ See footnote 30. !

^^ Edward Hyde ser\'ed first as president of the council and later as governor by
commission from the Lords Proprietor. When Gary challenged his authority
armed conflict erupted between the two. Gary's Rebellion ended with the arrest

198

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

of Gary. He was later released for lack of evidence. Hyde continued as governor
until his death on September 8, 1712.

'^ See footnote 36.

'^ Pollock, as president of the council, became governor following the death of
Hyde and served in that capacity until the arrival of Charles Eden.

The Lords Proprietor commissioned Eden and he served until his death on March

22, 1722.

Pollock, as president of the council, became chief executive after Eden's death
and served until his own death in September, 1722.

f Reed was elected president of the council to replace Pollock and as such served
until the arrival of George Burrington.

Moseley, as president of the council, was sworn in as acting governor when
Burrington left the colony to travel to South Carolina. By November 7, 1724
Burrington had returned to North Carolina.

Burrmgton was commissioned governor of North Carolina by the Lords
Proprietor and served until he was removed from office. Why he was removed is
not ofhcially known.

.['* The Lords Proprietor commissioned Everard following Burrington's removal from
office. Burrington, however, continued to create problems for Everard after he
had taken office. Everard remained governor during the period of transition when
North Carolina became a royal colony.

Royal Chief Executixes

^ In 1729, the Lords Proprietor gave up ownership of North Carolina and with it
the right to appoint governors and other officials.

^ Burrington was the hrst governor commissioned by the crown, and the onk

man to be appointed by both the Lords Proprietor and the crown. He qualiiicd

before the council in 1731. His political enemies succeeded in securing his removal

from ofhce in 1734.

Rice served as chief executive while Burrington was out of the colony
^Johnston was commissioned by the crown and served as governor until his

death on July 17, 1752.
^ Rice, as president of the council, became chief executive following the death ol

Johnston. Johnston was considerably advanced in age when he assumed office

and soon died.
° Rowan was elected president following the death of Rice and served as chief
I executive until the arrival of Dobbs.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

T I

Dobbs was commissioned by the crown and arru'cd in North CaroHna in late
October, 1754. He quaUfied before the chief justice and three members of the \
council who had met him m Bath, He continued serving until his death m March, .
1765. I

^- Hassel served as chief executive during the absence of Dobbs from the colony. ,
Dobbs had returned by December 19, 1763. i

^' Tryon, who had been commissioned lieutenant governor under Dobbs, served ;
as chiei executive, tirst under his commission as lieutenant governor and then |
under a nevv' commission as governor. He served m this capacity until 1771 I
when he was appointed governor to New York. '

See tootnote 53. |

"'^ James Hasell, president of the council, acted as interim governor until the arrival ■

ot losiah Martin. i

1
^" Josiah Martin was appointed by the crown and served as the last royal governor ■

of North Carolina. The date of his actual relinquishing of authority has been one

of controversy among historians. Some cite the day he left North Carolina soil as

July, 1775, Others accept July 4, 1776, Martin considered himself to be governor .

throughout the Revolution since his commission had not been rescinded,

^ ' Hasell, as president of the council, acted as temporary governor during the absence
of Martin who had left the colony for New York for reasons of health.

Goxertiors Elected by the General Assembly i

^''^ The Constitution ot 1776 provided that the General Assembly "elect a governor
for one year, who shall not be eligible to that office longer than three years, in six
successive years." j

^" The Provincial Congress appointed Caswell to act "until [thel next General
Assembly" The General Assembly later elected him to one regular term and two;
additional terms, \

^'' The House and Senate Journals for 1780 are missing. Loose papers found in the
North Carolina state archives, however, provided the necessary information. Nash^
requested that his name be withdrawn from nomination in 1781. j

^' On September 12, 1781, Burke and several other state officials and continental
officers were captured by the British. Burke was sent to Sullivan's Island nearj
Charleston, South Carolina, and later transferred to James Island. After several''
attempts, he was able to obtain a parole to return to North Carolina in late January,
1782. General Alexander Leslie, who issued the parole, later changed his mindi
and wrote General Nathaniel Greene requesting the immediate return of Burke.j
Feeling that it was more important for him to remain in North Carolina, Burke,'
refused to comply with the request despite urging from several men of importance

200

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

who questioned the legahty, as well as the prudence, of his actions. Subsequent
adversity prompted Burke to have his name withdrawn from the list of nominees
for governor in 1782. He retired from pubUc Ufe to his home near Hillsborough
where he died the following year.

^^ Martin, as Speaker of the Senate, was qualified as acting governor upon recei\ing
news of Burkes capture. He served in this capacity until Burke returned to North
Carolina in late January, 1782.

^^ On November 26, 1789 Johnston was elected United States Senator after having
already qualihed as governor. A new election was held on December 5, and
Alexander Martin was elected to replace him.

^'^ See footnote 63.

^^ Davie served only one term as governor due to his appointment in 1799 by
President Adams to a special diplomatic mission to France. Crabtree, North
Carolina Governors, 57.

^^ Ashe died before he could qualify and Turner was elected to replace him.

^'' See footnote 66.

^^ Turner was elected to the United States Senate on November 21, 1805, to fill a
vacancy created by the resignation of Montford Stokes.

^'^ Iredell resigned on December 1, 1828, following his election to the United States
Senate to fill the seat vacated by the resignation of Nathaniel Macon.

^^ Stokes was appointed by President Jackson in 1832 as "chairman of the Federal
Indian Commission to supervise the settlement of southern Indians west of the
Mississippi."

Popularly-Elected Governors: Two-Year Term

■ ' The Constitutional Convention of 1835 approved an amendment to the
constitution providing for the popular election of governor. The terms of office
for governor was lengthened to two years. He could only sen'e two terms in a
six- year period.

^^ Manly was defeated for re-election by Reid in 1850.

" On November 24, 1854, the General Assembly elected Reid to complete the
unexpired term of Willie R Mangum in the United States Senate.

^^ Winslow, as Speaker of the House, qualihed as governor following the resignation
of Reid.

"Ellis died on July 7, 1861.

^^ Clark, as Speaker of the Senate, became governor following the death of Ellis.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

' ' Major General Daniel E. Sickles, commander of the Second Military District,
appointed Holden as provisional governor on May 9, 1865. Worth defeated him
in the popular election of 1865.

^^ The North Carolina Constitution o{ 1868 extended the term of office for governor
from two years to four years, but prohibited him from seeking re-election for the
following term.

Popularly-Elected Governors: Four-Year Tenn

^"^ The efforts of conser\'atives m keeping blacks away from the polls during the
election of 1870 resulted m a substantial majority of the seats m the General
Assembly being won by conservative candidates. On December 9, 1870, a
resolution of impeachment against Holden was introduced m the House of
Representatives by Frederick N. Strudwick of Orange. In all, eight charges were
brought against Governor Holden. The trial lasted from February 21, 1871, to
March 23, 1871, and Holden was found guilty on six of the eight charges. He
was immediately removed from ofhce.

*^'^ Caldwell became governor following the removal of Holden from ofhce and was
elected governor m the general elections of 1872. He died m ofhce July 11,
1874.

*^' See footnote 80.

*^' Vance was elected governor in 1876. On January 21, 1879, he was elected to the
United States Senate by the General Assembly and resigned as governor effective
Februaiy 5, 1879.

^' Jarvis became governor follov/mg the resignation of Vance, and was elected
governor in the general elections of 1880.

^^ Robinson was sworn m as governor on September 1, 1883 to act while Jar\ds
was out of the state. He served from September 1 through September 28.

^"^ Fowle died April 7, 1891.

^•^ Umstead died on November 7, 1954.

^'^ Holshouser was the first Republican elected Governor since 1896 when Daniel
Russell was elected.

'^''' Hunt became the first governor elected to a four-year term who was then elected
to another term. A constitutional amendment adopted in 1977 permitted the
governor and lieutenant governor to run for re-election.

"" Martin became only the second Republican elected m this century. He was re-
elected m 1988.

"^^^ Hunt became the hrst governor to serve two consecutive four-year terms and
then, after sitting out two gubernatorial elections, be re-elected for a third term.

202

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Office of the Lieutenant Governor

The origin of this office goes back to 16th centuty England when the English
Crown established the office of the Lord Lieutenant, a county official who represented
the king in the management of local affairs.

Although several early American colonial charters referred to a "deputy governor,"
the phrase "Lieutenant Governor" was used for the first time in the Massachusetts
Charter of 1691. That charter also made it clear that the Lieutenant Governor would
become governor m the event of a vacancy The Office of the Lieutenant Governor
in colonial times seems to have been established expressly to cope with the problem
of gubernatorial absence.

The concept of the Lieutenant Governor presiding over the upper house of the
state legislature may have had its roots in the colonial practice of making the
Lieutenant Governor the chief member of the governors council.

The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 made no provision for a Lieutenant
Governor. The constitutional convention of 1868 chose to create an elective Office
of the Lieutenant Governor.

Between 1868 and 1970, the Lieutenant Governor was a part-time official with
very limited authority. He served only when the General Assembly was in session
or in the absence of the Governor. His primary responsibility was to preside over
the N.C. Senate. As the presiding officer, he appointed senators to committees and
oversaw legislation as it passed through the Senate. Today, the Office of Lieutenant
Governor is a full-time position and the Lieutenant Governor is no longer limited
to one four-year term. Instead, he or she may be elected to one additional, consecutive
four-year term.

Unhke any other state offtcial, the Lieutenant Governor straddles the executive
and legislative branches. The office is vested with constitutional and statutory powers
in both branches. Under the Constitution the Lieutenant Governor is ftrst in line to
succeed the Governor should that office become vacant.

The Lieutenant Governor is President of the Senate, and, as chief presiding
officer, directs the debate of bills on the Senate floor. The Lieutenant Governor is
also a member of the Council of State and serves on the State Board of Education
and the North Carolina Capitol Planning Commission, as well as serving on the
North Carolina Board of Community Colleges and the Board of Economic
Development.

The Office of the Lieutenant Governor consists of a staff that assists the Lieutenant
Governor in carrying out his duties. Much of the work of the staff involves responding
to citizen inquiries and problems, developing policy initiatives and working with
other state agencies.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

I
I

Boards and Commissions |

North Carolina Capitol Planning Commission {

North Carolina Small Business Council I

State Board of Community Colleges !

State Board of Education I

State Health Plan Purchasing Alliance Board 1

North Carolina Local Government Partnership Council \

North Carolina Information Resource Management Commission (Chair) \

1
For further information about the Office of the Lieutenant Go\'ernor, call (919)i

733-7350 or visit the offices Web site at wAvw.lteov.state.nc.us. i

Beverly Eaves Perdue

Lieutenant Governor

Early Years

Born in Grundy, Va.

Educational Background

B.A., University of Kentucky; Masters in Education,
University of Florida; Ph.D. in Administration,
University of Florida.

Professional Background

Lieutenant Governor

Political Activities

Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina, 2001-

Present; N.C. Senate, 1990-2000; N.C. House of I

Representatives, 1986-1990. i

!
Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizcitions '

Volunteer, North Carolina Food Bank; Volunteer, Carolina Center for Hospice anc.

End ot Life Care; Member, National Conference of Lieutenant Governors. )

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions \

Chair, Health and Welfare Trust Fund Commission; Slate Board of Education; Stat('
Economic Development Board. ?

Honors and Awards I

NCEITA Public Leadership m Technology Award; Gold Heart Honoree, Amencai
Heart Association; Presidents Award, N.C. Educators Association.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Personal Information

Married, Robert W Eaves, Jr.; two children, two stepchildren, two grandchildren;
Episcopalian.

Lieutenant Governors^

[hJame

Tod R. CaldwelP
Curtis H. Brogden^
iThomas J. Jarvis*^
tjames L. Robinson^
(Charles M. Stedman
Thomas M. Holt''
Rufus A. Doughton
I Charles A. Reynolds
jWilfred D. Turner
iFrancis D. Winston
William C. Newland
Elijah L. Daughtridge
Oliver Max Gardner
WiUiam B. Cooper
Jacob E. Long
Richard T. Eountain
Alexander H. Graham
Wilkins R Horton
Reginald L. Harris
Lynton Y. Ballentine
Hoyt Patrick Taylor
|Luther H. Hodges^
iJLuther E. Earnhardt
|Harvey Cloyd Philpott^
JRobert W Scott
iHoyt Patrick Taylor, Jr.
James B. Hunt, Jr.
jjames C. Green*^
Robert B. Jordan, 111
James C. Gardner ^°
Dennis A. Wicker
Beverly Eaves Perdue

The Office of Lieutenant Governor
of 1868.

Residence

Term

Burke

1868-1870

Wayne

1873-1874

Pitt

1877-1879

Macon

1881-1885

New Hanover

1885-1889

Alamance

1889-1891

Alleghany

1893-1897

Forsyth

1897-1901

Iredell

1901-1905

Bertie

1905-1909

Caldwell

1909-1913

Edgecombe

1913-1917

Cleveland

1917-1921

New Hanover

1921-1925

Durham

1925-1929

Edgecombe

1929-1933

Orange

1933-1937

Chatham

1937-1941

Person

1941-1945

Wake

1945-1949

Anson

1949-1953

Rockingham

1953-1954

Cabarrus

1957-1961

Davidson

1961-1965

Alamance

1965-1969

Anson

1969-1973

Wilson

1973-1977

Bladen

1977-1985

Montgomery

1985-1989

Nash

1989-1993

Lee

1993-2000

Craven

2001-Present

was created by the North Carolina Constiti

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

•^ Caldwell became governor following Holdens impeachment m 1870.

' Brogden became governor following Caldwell s death.

"^ Jarvis became governor following Vance's resignation.

'' Robinson resigned from office on October 13, 1884.

" Holt became governor following Fowles death. j

' Hodges became governor following Umsteads death. i

^ Philpott died on August 18, 1961. I

" Green was the first lieutenant governor elected to a second term. I

'^^ Gardner was elected m 1988, becoming the first Republican elected lieutenant!
governor this century. j

206

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Department of the Secretary of State

The Department of the Secretary of State is the second-oldest government office
in North Carohna. Shortly after the Lords Proprietor were granted their charter in
1663, they appointed the first secretary to maintain the records of the colony. The
Joffice continued after the crown purchased North Carolina from the Lords Proprietor
[in 1728. The Office of Secretary of State even survived the turmoil of the Revolution,
! finding its way into the North Carolina State Constitution of 1776.

I From 1776 until 1835, the Secretary of State was elected by the General Assembly
iin joint session for a term of one year. The Convention of 1835, in addition to
•'changing the meeting schedule of the General Assembly from annually to biennially,
'also provided for the election of the Secretary of State by the General Assembly
"every two years. Beginning in 1868, the Secretary of State was elected by the people
of North Carohna.

j For decades afterwards, individuals elected to the ofhce were usually re-elected
on a regular basis. Only seven men held the ofhce during its first 92 years and only
,21 individuals have held the ofhce since its creation in 1776. WiUiam Hill, who
;served as Secretary of State from 1811 until his death in 1857, a total of 46 years.
This record of service seemed unbreakable until the election of 1936, when a young
.leader from Hertford County was elected Secretary of State. Nearly five decades
jlater, on December 22, 1982, Thad Eure broke Hill's record, in the process becoming
'one of the longest-serving elected ofhcials ever in North Carolina history. Eure, the
self-styled "oldest rat in the Democratic barn," retired from office in 1989 after more
than 52 years.

Rufus Edmisten, a former North Carolina Attorney General and aide to the U.S.
Senates Watergate investigation committee in the 1970s, succeeded Eure in 1989.
;'Re-elected in 1992, Edmisten resigned as Secretary of State in March, 1996. Governor
pames B. Hunt, Jr., appointed the former secretary of the Department of Revenue,
panice Faulkner, to serve out the remaining months of Edmistens term. Faulkner's
appointment made her the hrst woman ever to serve both as Secretary of State and
as a member of the Council of State.

Elaine E Marshall, a Lillington attorney and former state senator, became North
Carolina's first female elected Secretary of State in 1996, defeating former stock car
racer Richard Petty The victory at the polls also earned Marshall a place in state
history as the first woman ever elected to the Council of State. Marshall was re-
elected in 2000.

Today the Secretary of State is a constitutional officer elected to a four-year term
by the citizens of North Carolina at the same time as other elected executive officials.
She heads the Department of the Secretary of State, which was created by the Executive
Organization Act of 1971. The Secretary of State is a member of the Council of State

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

and an ex-otficio member ot the Local Government Commission and Capital |
Planning Commission and the Information Resources Management Commission. |

By statute the secretary receives all ratified bills of the General Assembly as well '
as the original journals of the state Senate and state House of Representatives. I

The Secretary of State is empowered by law to administer oaths to any public
ofiicial of whom an oath is required. The secretary is frequently called upon to i
administer oaths to officers of the Highway Patrol, judges and other elected officials, i

The department plays an important role m the states economy. Many of the •
department s programs encourage capital investment m North Carolina by providing i
a stable regulatory environment for business and industry. The agency is also a i
leader m developing electronic commerce throughout the state. The departments!
business-related sub-branches include: >

Business License Infortnation Office

The Business License Information Office (BLIO) helps thousands of businesses,,
ranging from sole proprietorships to multinational corporations, that operate or'
desire to operate m North Carolina. BLIO was created in 1987 by the General
Assembly to help businesses navigate through the many state agencies and boards i
that together issue over 700 different types of business-related licenses. Without:
charging any fee, the oifice provides new and established businesses with mlormatiori;
on licenses and permits required by state law. BLIO often assists businesses with^
useful information regarding federal and local government requirements. New
businesses may take advantage of BLlOs clearinghouse function as a central source^
of information about organizations focused on assisting new business start-ups.

The office also publishes the Nonh Cavolina State Dircctoiy of Business Licenses^
and Permits. This directoiy provides basic information identifying the more than'
700 state licenses and permits, indicating the agencies or boards that issue the;
Ucenses ands indicating the fee amounts charged for the licenses. To save time ir;
learning state business requirements, call BLIO at (800) 228-8443 or (919) 807-
2166.

Corporations Division

This division regulates the formation, activities and dissolution of ever)]
corporation, limited liability company and limited partnership in the state. Tbj
department is required by North Carolina law to ensure uniform compliance witli
statutes governing the formation of business entities. As a result, the division record:
business entity information rec[uired by law as a public record, prevents duplicatioij
of business entity names and furnishes entity information to the public. The di\isioi
is responsible for maintaining records on approximately 300,000 curren
corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability partnerships and limited liabiliti
companies. The Information Services Group responds to thousands of inquirie

208

|THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

regarding entity records. Information on the Corporations Division website is
1 accessed m excess of 700,000 times per month.

Securities Division

The Securities Division regulates the sales of stocks and other financial instruments
iand the activities of brokers across the state. The division is responsible for
■administering North Carolma's securities laws. These "blue sky" laws constitute
'Chapters 78A, and 78C of the General Statutes. These seek to protect the investing
; public by requiring a satisfactory investigation of both the people who offer securities
■and of the securities themselves. The laws provide the division with significant
Tnvestigative powers.

The Securities Division handles investor complaints concerning securities brokers

• and dealers, investment advisers or commodities dealers. The division is also an

'information source for investors inquiring about offerings of particular securities

or commodities. Although the division cannot represent an investor in a claim for

monetar)' damages, the staff can investigate alleged \iolations and suspend or revoke

a brokers license. The di\'ision also has the statutory authority to issue stop orders

.against securities offerings, issue cease and desist orders, seek court injunctions or

'refer the results of an investigation to a district attorney for criminal prosecution.

. Comiction of willfully violating the state security laws is a felony Investors with

i concerns about or complaints against specific brokers can call the division at (800)

j 688-4507. The division is also responsible for the registration of loan brokers and

j investment advisers. The department, acting as the securities administrator for North

' Carolina, is a member of the North American Securities Administrators Association.

Through this organization the divisions staff assists in the adoption of nationwide

uniform policies on securities. The division works with other state securities

agencies, various federal agencies, including the Securities and Exchange

j Commission, and with various industry groups such as the National Association

|l of Securities Dealers.

Trademarks Section

This section issues trademarks and service marks for businesses in North
Carolina and enforces the states trademark laws against counterfeiters.

Uniform Commercial Code Division

This division ser\'es as the repository for lien records filed by banks, mortgage
companies and other financial institutions throughout the state. Uniform Commercial
j Code Article 9 of the North Carolina General Statutes requires the department to
provide a method of notifying interested third parties of security interests in personal
property The division maintains a notice hling system similar to those used by
nearly every state in the Union. The UCC Division's records are public records. The
di\asion processes more than 10,000 filings monthly

209

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Records on file include a statement showing the name and address of the debtor,
the secured party and a brief description of the collateral. These documents are I
indexed by debtor name. A search of the records on a particular debtor will produce
a list of all active creditors who have tiled statements with this office. I

Financing statements are generally effective for a five-year period. Prior to their '
expiration date, the statements may be extended for an additional five years. The :
department also ser\Ts as central filing office for federal tax liens, which are handled \
in the same manner as UCC filings. I

The department also plays a role in the lives of many North Carolina residents
through the following programs: j

Authentications Section I

The Authentications Section helps residents and businesses navigate the !
requirements of the Hague Convention, which governs international protocol for i
establishing the authenticity of official documents issued in the United States that •
are intended for use in business or official governmental transactions in other nations. |
In concrete terms, the Authentications Sections helps thousands of residents complete
the paperwork for overseas adoptions and shipment of bodies tor burial outside .
the borders of the United States each year. Businesses conducting transactions overseas :
also rely on the sections services.

Charitable Solicitation Licensing Section

The Charitable Solicitation Licensing Section regulates organizations and persons j
who raise money tor charitable purposes from persons within the geographical,
boundaries of North Carolina. The section administers the Solicitation of
Contributions Act, Chapter 13 IF of the North Carolina General Statutes. The section ;
protects the public from deception, fraud or misinterpretation regarding how or for;
what purpose donations will be used. j

Before soliciting residents of North Carolina for contributions, organizations '
subject to the state law must apply for and obtain a license to solicit. Licenses musti
be renewed annually and the section reviews applications and issues licenses to
those in compliance with the law. The section has broad power to investigate'
complaints that soliciting organizations and individuals are not complying with;
the state law. The section may provide assistance to the states attorney general in.'
prosecuting civil actions brought to enforce solicitation laws. j

Land Records Section i

The Land Records Section works with local governments to establish standards,'
for the storage of vital land records such as deeds. The section has provided expertise
free to the many local governments creating electronic archives of their land records.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The section is also responsible for maintaining the municipal annexation maps
and ordinances, municipal charter amendments and county boundary maps that
are required to be filed with the department.

Notary Public Section

Over 164,000 North Carolinians are registered as notaries public through the

departments Notary Section. The department has issued commissions to notaries

public since 1971. The office of notary public is one of the oldest in history, having

i existed as far back as the Greek and Roman Empires. There are notaries in all 50

(States and in most of the countries around the world. Notaries provide a means for

' establishmg the authenticity of signatures on legal documents such as deeds,

automobile titles and other instruments. The section has an enforcement section

I that works v/ith local and state agencies to enforce notary public law and prosecute

1 violators.

Publications Division

The Publications Division compiles and publishes information useful to the
General Assembly other state agencies and the people of North Carolina. The division
, maintains a wide range of reference works, such as the North Carolina Manual and
the Directory of State and County Officials, while also managing an archive that
includes state voting records — both primar)' and general elections — as well as
official copies of gubernatorial executive orders, N.C. House and Senate journals
and N.C. Session Laws extending back over a century and an original, hand- written
copy of the N.C. Constitution of 1868. The division is also the repository for
gender equity reports mandated by law for various state and local appointed
commissions. The divisions web site has developed an extensive list of North
Carolina-related URLs.

Lobbyist Registration

This division administers the state's legislative lobbying laws. It is also a
repository for official copies of ratified laws.

For more information about the Department of the Secretar>' of State, call: (919)
I 807-2000 or visit the department's Web site at www.sosnc.com.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Elaine F. Marshall

N.C. Secretary of State

Early Years

Born November 18, 1945, m Lineboro, Md.,
to Donald and Pauline Folk.

Educational Background

Bachelors of Science in Textiles and Clothing,
University of Maryland, 1968; Juris Doctor,
Campbell University School of Law, 1981.

Professional Background

Director of Camping, Maryland 4-f4 Foundation

(summers), 1964-1966; Teacher, Lenoir County

School System, 1969-1970; Co-Owner, Book

and Gift Store, 1969-74; Instructor, Lenoir

Community College and Johnston Technical Community College, 1970-1977; Owner

and Decorator, The Custom House, Dunn, 1975-1979; Associate, Office of Edgar R,

Bain, Lillington, 1981-1984; Partner, Bam & Marshall, Lillington, 1985-1992; Partner,

Marshall & Marshall, Lillington, 1993-96.

Political Activities

North Carolina Secretary of State, 1997-Present; Senator, 15th District, North'

CaroUna Senate, 1993-1994; Chair, Harnett County Democratic Party 1991-1992; '

President, Democratic Women of Harnett County, 1983-1987; National Secretary!

Young Democrats of America, 1977-1979; National Committee Member, Young j

Democrats of North Carolina, 1974-1977. '

I
Organizations, Boards and Commissions j

Member, North Carolina Courts Commission, hivenile Code Studv Commission,;

Agriculture and Forestiy Resources Study Commission and Joint Legislative Highway!

Oversight Committee, N.C. General Assembly, 1993-1994; Member, Board ofj

Directors, N.C. Rural Economic Development Fund, Inc., 1993-1995; Member,!

Board of Directors, N.C. 4-H Development Fund, Inc., 1990-Present; Member,;

Board of Directors, Harnett County Lhiited Way, 1987-1996; Founding boards

member, Harnett County Rape Crisis (now SAFE), 1988-1991; President, Harnett;

County Bar Association, 1988-1989; Governor, N.C. Association of Women,

Attorneys, 1995; Founding Chair, Harnett HelpNel for Children, 1992; International]

Farm Young Exchange Delegate to Brazil, 1967; National Scholarship Winner, 4-Hf

Foundation, 1963; President, Maryland 4-H, 1963.

Honors and Awards

In the Arena Award (for departments new interactive database system) and Best ol
Breed Award (for leadership in opening up state government through Internet-based
access). Center for Digital Government, 2002; Alumni of the Year, North Carolina

212

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

4-H, 2001; Inductee, Academy of Women, Wake County YWCA, 2001; James Earl

Carter Outstanding Alumni Award, Young Democrats of America, 2001; Special

Achievement Award for Technology, Academy of Trial Lawyers, 2000; Leadership

in Technology Award, Government/Non-Profit Sector, NCEITA, 1998; Career

jWoman of the Year, Business & Professional Women m North Carolina, 1998;

Distinguished Citizen Award, N.C. Council for Women, 1997; Distinguished Citizen

jiof the Year, N.C. Council for Women, 1996; Recipient, Richter Moore Public Service

Award, N.C. PoUtical Science Association, 1997; Recipient, Gwyneth B. Davis Award,

iN.C. Association of Women Attorneys, 1996; Honorary member, Delta Kappa

I Gamma Society, 1994; Lillington Woman of the Year, 1994; Public Citizen of the

'Year, N.C. Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers, 1994; Dunn

Business Woman of the Year, 1990; Academic Honorary, Phi Kappa Phi, 1989;

i Harnett County 4-H Alumna of the Year, 1989; Delegate to Brazil, International

Farm Young Exchange, 1967; National Scholarship Winner, 4-H Foundation, 1963.

Personal Information

Husband, Bill Holford. Five step-children. Seven grandchildren. Member, Divine
Street Methodist Church, Dunn.

North Carolina Secretaries of State

Colonial Secretaries

Name Term

Richard Cobthrop^ ca. 1665

Peter Carteret' 1665-1672

(Robert Holden^ 1675-1677

Thomas Miller^ 1677-1679

'Robert Holden^ 1679-1683

iWoodrowe^ 1683-1685

Francis Hartley' 1685-1692

Daniel Akehurst^ 1692-1700

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Colonial Secretaries-^ (continued)

Name

Residence

Term

Samuel Swann"^

1700-1704

Tobias Knight '''

1704-1708

George Lumley^'

1704

George Lumley

1708

Nevil Low'-

1711

Tobias Knight'^

1712-1719

John Lovick''^

1719-1722

John Lovick'^

1722-1731

Joseph Anderson'"

1731

Nathaniel Rice''

1731-1753

James Murray'^

1753-1755

Henry McCuUoch'"

1755

Richard Spaight-*-^

1755-1762

Richard Spaight''

1762

Benjamin Herons-

1762-1769

John London-'

1769-1770

Robert Palmer-"*

1770-1771

Thomas Faulkner-^

1772

Samuel Strudwick-''

1772-1775

Secretaries of State^

James Glasgow-"^

1777-1798

William White-*^

1798-1811

William Hiir^^^

1811-1857

Rufus H. Page''

1857-1862

John P H. Russ'-

1862-1864

Charles R. Thomas"

1864-1865

Robert W Best'^

1865-1868

Henry J. Menninger"

Wake

1868-1873

William H. Howerton

Rowan

1873-1877

Joseph A. Engelhard'"

New Hanover

1877-1879

William L. Saunders^^

Wake

1879-1891

Octavius Coke'*^

Wake

1891-1895

214

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Secretaries of State^^ (continued)

Name Residence Term

iCharles M. Cooke^^ Franklin 1895-1897

i Cyrus Thompson Onslow 1897-1901

IJJohn Bryan Grimes^^ Pitt 1901-1923

jWilliam N. Everett^^ Richmond 1923-1928

ijames A. Hartness^^ Richmond 1928-1933

.Stacey W. Wade^^ Carteret 1933-1936

Charles G. Powell"^ Granville 1936

Thad A. Eure^^ Hertford 1936-1989

Rufus L. Edmisten^^ Watauga 1989-1996

[Janice 1. Faulkner^^ Pitt 1996

i Elaine E Marshal^*' Harnett 1997-Present

Colonial Secretaries

' The Lords Proprietor chose Cobthrop, but he never sailed to Albemarle.

' The Lords Proprietor commissioned Carteret and he arrived in Albemarle on
■ February 23, 1665. He was presumably qualified shortly after his arrival.
, Following the death of Governor Stephens in early 1670, Carteret was chosen as
; his successor, but apparently continued serving as secretary. It is possible that he
acted in both capacities until his departure for England in 1672.

Little is known concerning Holdens appointment or dates of service. He was
serving as secretary on July 26, 1675, where he verified a sworn statement and
seems to have continued in office until the arrival of Miller in July, 1677. It is
possible he was appointed secretary prior to this date since he had been in the
colony since 1671.

When Eastchurch appointed Miller to act in his stead until he returned to North
Carolina, he apparently appointed him secretary as well as deputy governor. On
October 9, 1677, Miller attested to the granting of a power of attorney, however
this could have been in the capacity of acting governor rather than as secretary

The Lords Proprietor appointed Holden. He apparently arrived in Albemarle in
July 1679. The Lords Proprietor issued a warrant appointing him Receiver General
of North Carolina in February 1679, and it is possible that a similar warrant was
issued about the same time for secretary Records indicate Holden was acting as
secretary by November 6, 1679. Sometime between March, 1681, and July 1682,
Holden was imprisoned on charges of "gross irregularities in the collection of
Customs" — another office which he held. Extant records do not indicate what
ultimately happened to him. His name does not appear in council records after
1681 and, in 1682, John Archdale was issued a blank commission to appoint a
new receiver-general. It is possible that Holden was released from prison or

215

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

acquitted ol ihc charges and continued serving as secretary. Some sources indicate
he served until 1684. Other references, however, indicate that someone else was
acimiz as secretarv in 1684 or earlier.

't>

Little IS known about Woodrowe, not even his hrst name. The only mention of
him in extant records is in a letter written by the Lords Proprietor m February,
1684. The letter indicates that he had been sewing for some time. It is possible
he was appointed as early as 1682.

The Lords Proprietor commissioned Hartley, but no record of when he qualified
exists. According to one source he died in January, 1691-92, probably while still
secretary^.

When Akehurst took office is not known. He was apparently acting as secretary
by June 26, 1693, when he acknowledged a land grant. It is possible that he was
appointed as early as 1692 and presumably ser\Td until his death sometime m
late 1699 or early 1700. His will was probated m Virginia m 1700.

Swann may have been appointed to replace Akehurst; When he took ofhce is not
known. He was serving by September, 1700, and probably served until Knight
took over 1704. :

Knight was apparently appointed to replace Swann and according to one source
was in the office in 1704. The earliest documentaiy evidence of Knight acting as
secretary is his certification of a court proceeding on Februaiy 20, 1705. There is
no e\idence that he served as secretary after 1708. He was, however, again serving'
in 1712. I

Lumley was appointed by Knight to act as secretar)^ on two occasions, once in'
October, 1704, and again m 1708 during Knights absence due to an illness. It is
not known who seiwed between 1708 and 1712 because of the chaotic conditions,'
in the colony's government at the time. j

The Lords Proprietor issued two commissions to Low, the first on January 31;
1711, and a second on June 13, 1711. There is no record ot Low actually serving
as secretary.

'^ The Lords Proprietor commissioned Knight and he subsequently qualified befoni
the governor and council. In 1719 he was called before the council to answe)
charges ot conspiracy with pirates, but was acquitted. He apparently died in lat('
June, 1719, since a successor was appointed on June 30, and his will was probatecj
on July 7, 1719. !

'"* Lovick was appointed by the governor and council loUowing Knights death, j

' ' The Lords Proprietor commissioned Lovick and he qualihed before the governo!
and council. He served until 1731.

'•^ Governor Burrington named Anderson as "acting" secretar\^ until Rice arrived

216

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

i^'' Rice was commissioned by the crown and qualified before the governor and
council. He ser\'ed until his death on January 28, 1753.

The Council appointed Murray upon the death of Rice. He served until McCuUochs
arrival in 1755. Land grant records indicate that he was acting as secretary as late
as March 31, 1755.

A warrant was issued on June 21, 1754, for McCulloch's appointment as secretary
and Governor Dobbs certified his commission on July 1 while both were still in
England. McCulloch quaUfied as a council member on March 25, 1755, but
does not appear to have acted as secretary until April. He served until his death
later in 1755.

,p° Governor Dobbs sent a letter to Spaight appointing him "Secretary of the Crown"
on October 2, 1755. A commission for Spaight in the Secretary of States records,
however, bears the date October 27, 1755. He qualified before Dobbs on October
30.

^^ Dobbs re-appointed Spaight and he served until his death sometime during July
or early August, 1672.

l" Dobbs appointed Heron to replace Spaight. On March 6, 1769, Heron was granted
a leave of absence to return to England where he apparently died.

London was already a deputy secretary under Heron and acted in this capacity
until news of Herons death was received. Governor Tryon appointed London
secretary upon the death of Heron and he served until he "declined acting any
longer."

^'^ Tryon appointed Palmer to replace London on July 8, 1771. He was granted a
leave of absence to return to England for reasons of health.

The Board of Trade proposed Faulkner to King on March 17. On April 1 the
crown ordered the preparation of a commission for Faulkner. He rented his
commission to Samuel Strudwick.

p Martin appointed Strudwick after the latter had produced "sufficient evidence
that he had rented the Secretary's Office in this Province of Mr. Faulkner." He
apparently continued serving until the Revolution.

,25

•7

Secretaries of State

The Secretary of State was elected by the General Assembly at its annual (biennial,
after 1835) meeting for a term of one year The Constitutional Convention of
1868 extended the term. The power of electing the Secretary of State remained in
the hands of the General Assembly until 1868 when a new constitution was
adopted. Since 1868, the Secretar)' of State has been elected by the people and
serves for a four-year term. He or she can run for re-election.

217

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

^^ The provincial congress appointed Glasgow to ser\-e until the next meeting of
the General Assembly. He was later elected by the General Assembly to a regular
term and continued servmg until 1798 when he resigned because of his i
involvement m a land scandal. The General Assembly received his resignation
on November 20.

^"^ White was elected to replace Glasgow and serv'ed until his death sometime m late
September or early November, 1811.

''' Hill died on October 29, 1857.

^' Page was appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the council.
He was later elected by the General Assembly to a regular term, but he w^as defeated
for re-election in 1862 by Russ.

-^- Russ requested that his name be withdrawn at the end of the hrst round of balloting

m 1864.

I
^^ Thomas, elected by the General Assembly, took office on January 3, 1865, and:

ser\'ed until the end of the Civil War. Governor William W Holden appointed

Thomas as secretaiy m the pro\isional government. Thomas resigned on August

12, 1865. ' '

^"^ Best may have been appointed earlier by Holden following Thomas' resignation
since his name appears beneath that ot Thomas in the Record Book. The book
simply states that Best was appointed m 1865. He was later elected by the General
Assembly and ser\'ed until the new state constitution was put into effect m 1868.

^^ Mennmger w^as elected m the general election m April, 1868, but declined to run
for re-election m 1872.

^^ Engelhard died Februaiy 15, 1879.

^'' Governor Jarv'is appointed Saunders on February 18, 1879, to replace Engelhard.;
Saunders was elected to a full term in the general elections in 1880 and ser\^ed'
following subsequent re-elections until his death on April 2, 1891.

''^ Governor Eowle appointed Coke on April 4, 1891, to replace Saunders. He waf'
elected to a full term m the general elections in 1892 and ser\'ed until his death
on August 30, 1895.

^'^ Governor Carr appointed Cooke on September 3, 1895, to replace Coke. Thomaf'
defeated him in the general elections of 1896.

"•^^ Grimes died January 16, 1923. ,

"*^ Governor Morrison appointed Everette on January 16, 1923, to replace Grimes
He was elected in the general elections in 1924 and served until his death Februar,
7, 1928. !

218

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

''^ Governor McLean appointed Hartness on Februar)' 13, 1928, to replace Everett.
He was elected in the general elections in 1928, but declined to run for re-election
in 1932.

''^ Wade resigned in November, 1936.

'^■^ Governor Ehringhaus appointed Powell on November 17, 1936, to replace Wade.
Powell resigned just one month after taking office.

"^^ Eure had been elected in the general elections of 1936 and was appointed by
Governor Ehringhaus on December 21, 1936, to replace Powell. On January 7,
1937, he took office for his regular term and subsequent re-elections. He served
longer than any other state official in North Carolina history, finally retiring on
January 7, 1989.

"^^ Edmisten was elected in November, 1988, when Eure declined to run for re-
election. He won re-election in 1992. Edmisten resigned m March, 1996.

'^^ Governor Hunt appointed Faulkner on April 1, 1996, to serve the remainder of
Edmistens term.

^^ Marshall became North Carohna's hrst female elected Secretary of State after winning
the general election of 1996. She took office in January, 1997.

219

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Office of the State Auditor

The Ofiicc of the Stale Auditor was created by the Constitution of 1868, although
an "auditor ol public accounts" had existed since 1862 and references to an auditors
duties go back to the colonial constitution of 1669.

Today, the state auditor is a constitutional officer elected by vote of the people
eveiy four years. The Office of the State Auditor conducts audits of the financial
attairs of all stale agencies. The department also has the statutory authority to perform
other special audits, reviews or investigations deemed necessary by the state auditor
or requested by the governor or the legislature. The state auditor is responsible for
annually auditing and rendering an opinion on the states Comprehensive Annual
Financial Report (CAFR). He or she also issues the Statewide Single Audit Report
required by federal law. The department conducts performance audits of state agencies
and programs to determine the economy, efhciency and effectiveness of their
operations, as well as EDP audits to verify the reliability and controls over computer
applications. The department also analyzes the quality re\iews of certain non-profit
organizations by public accounting firms.

In addition to being state governments accountabihty "watchdog," the state
auditor performs several other statutoiy duties. He or she is a member of the Council
of State, the Capitol Planning Commission, the Local Government Commission
and the Information Resource Management Commission.

The Oftice of the State Auditor is organized into two major divisions: General
Administration and Auditing.

General Administration Division

This division, under the general supervision of the state auditors chief deputy,
handles all administrative matters including personnel, budgeting and purchasing,
as well as the overall planning and coordination of all departmental activities.

Auditing Division

The Auditing Division conducts hnancial audits and reviews of state agencies
and institutions to determine whether they adhere to generally-accepted accounting
principles and standards. The audits identify the specific strengths and weaknesses
oi each agency's internal control systems. Auditors also test the accuracy of financial
reports and whether an agency complies with all applicable laws, regulations and
policies.

Office of the State Auditor employees conduct performance audits of selected
programs administered by state agencies. These performance audits determine
whether programs are being administered as intended and whether they are
accomplishing the desired results in an effective manner. The Auditing Division
reviews electronic data processing applications and controls to ensure the reliability

220

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

and accuracy of computer-generated data. The division monitors the use of state
funds pro\ided to certain non-profit organizations and issues an annual report on
such activities. The department conducts special investigations of possible
embezzlements or misuse of state property. These special investigations normally
arise from specific allegations received via the states Fraud, Waste and Abuse Hotline
at (800) 730-TIPS.

The Audit Dndsions managerial team includes two deputy state auditors and
eight audit managers who are charged with auditing the major functions in state
government. Audit supervisors are based in Raleigh and in branch offices throughout
the state: Asheville, Morganton, Charlotte, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Fayetteville,
Greenville, Elizabeth City and Wilmington.

Boards and Commissions

Advisory Council, NCACTS

Capital Planning Commission

Council of State

Education Facilities Finance Agency

Information Resource Management Commission

Local Government Commission

N.C. Local Government Partnership Commission

For further mformation on the Office of the State Auditor, call (919) 807-7500
or fax: (919) 807-7647. To report specihc incidents of fraud, waste or abuse in
state government, call the departments Hodine at (800)-730-8477

E-mail information about fraud, waste or abuse in state government to
hotline@aud.osa. state. nc. us. You can visit the department's Web site at:
w^vAv.osa. state, nc. us.

Ralph Campbell Jr.

State Auditor

Early Years

Born in Raleigh, Wake County on December 7,
1946, to the late Ralph and June Kay Campbell,
Sr.

Educational Background

J. W Ligon High School, Raleigh, 1964; B.S. in
Business Administration with Accounting
Concentration, St. Augustine's College, Raleigh,
1968; Certified Fraud Examiner, 1995.

221

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Professional Background

Stale Audilor, 1992-Present; Administrative Officer, N.C. Department of Insurance,
1990-92; Plan Auditor, State Health Benefits Office, 1986-90; Field Auditor, N.C.
Department of Revenue, 1977-86.

Political Activities

State Auditor, 1992-Present; Raleigh City Council, 1985-1992; Mayor Pro-Tem,
Raleigh City Council, 1989-91.

Business/Professional, Civic/Charitable or Community Service Organizations

Harvard Policy Group; Advisory Council on Government Auditing Standards, U.S.
General Accounting Office; National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers
and Treasurers.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Council of State 1993-Present; N.C. Information Resource Management
Commission, 1993-Present (Chair, 2000); North Carolina Local Government
Commission. I

Military Service

Served as SP-4, Field Artillery, U.S. Army Reserve, 1971-77. I

Honors and Av^ards

1995 Auditor General's Integrity Award, U.S. Department of Health and Human'
Services, 1995; Secretary's Award for Distinguished Service, U.S. Department of-
Health and Human Ser\ices, 1996; Omega Man of the Year, Omega Psi Phi Fraternity
1984.

Personal Information i

Member, St. Ambrose Episcopal Church, Raleigh, N.C. I

State Auditors

Auditors of Public Accounts

Name

Samuel F Phillips'
Richard H. Battle-
State Auditors

Henderson Adams ^
John Reilly
Samuel L. Love
William P Roberts
George W. Sandlin
Robert M. Furman
Hal W Ayer
Benjamin F Dixon"*

222

Residence

Term t

Orange

1862-1864 1

Wake

1864-1865

1868-1873

Cumberland

1873-1877 1

Haywood

1877-1881 i

Gates

1881-1889

Lenoir

1889-1893 1

Buncombe

1893-1897

Wake

1897-1901

Cleveland

1901-1910 j

Residence

Term

Wake

1910-1911

Randolph

1911-1921

Wake

1921-1937

Johnston

1937-1947

Guilford

1947-1981

Johnston

1981-1993

Wake

1993-Present

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

State Auditors (Continued)
Name

Benjamin F. Dixon, Jr.^
William P. Wood*^
Baxter Durham
George Ross Pou^
Henr)' L. Bridges'^
Edward Renfrow"
Ralph Campbell, Jr.i°

Auditors of Public Accounts

^ Phillips resigned effective July 10, 1864.

^ Governor Vance, with the advice and consent of the Council of State, appointed
Battle to replace Phillips. The General Assembly later elected Battle to a regular
term, and he served until the offtce was abolished in 1865.

State Auditors

^ Adams was elected m the general elections of April, 1868.

f'^ Dixon died September 26, 1910.

' Governor Kitchen appointed Benjamin E Dixon, Jr., on September 30, 1910, to
replace his father, Benjamin E Dixon, Sr.

f Wood was elected in the general elections of 1910 to complete the senior Dixon's
unexpired term. He was elected to a full term m 1912.

' Pou died Eebruary 9, 1947.

' Bridges was appointed by Governor Cherry on Eebruary 15, 1947, to replace
Pou. He was elected in the general election in 1948 and served until his retirement
! in 1981.

.' Renfrew was elected in 1980.

Ralph Campbell, Jr., was elected in 1992.

223

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of State Treasurer

North Carolina's Treasurers Court was established in 1669. The court wasj
responsible for managing the colony s public monies. The office of treasurer was!
formally created in 1715. The lower house of the colonial assembly appointed;
treasurers. Between 1740 and 1779 there was one treasurer each for Northern andi
Southern North Carolina. The assembly added four additional treasurers m 1779,;
each seiTing a defined geographical area called a district. In 1782 another district!
with its own treasurer was created. The multiple-treasurer arrangement continued;
until 1784, when the General Assembly eliminated multiple treasurers and assigned!
the duties of the office to a single individual elected by joint vote of the two houses!
of the legislature for a two-year term. This executive structure continued until a new!
state constitution was ratified m 1868. The Constitution of 1868 provided for ai
treasurer elected by the people for a four-year term. This arrangement was untouched!
by the new constitution of 1970. ;

Many of the Department of State Treasurers current duties and functions!
originated in the constitution ot 1868. The constitution formalized the more'
important fiscal duties of the Department of State Treasurer. The departments functionS|
had varied from administration to administration prior to 1868. The department
has only garnered steady public notice since the middle of the 20th Century Prioi;
to then, the state had veiy limited financial resources. The entire state budget iri^
1901 — $450,000 — would currently fund one public high school m North
Carolina for about a month. ;

Only twelve men have occupied the office of state treasurer since 1868. Benjamir
R. Lacy of Wake County held office the longest of any post-war treasurer. Lac)'
served from 1901 to 1928. Edwm Gill of Scotland County, who served from 195:
until 1977, had the second-longest tenure in office of all post-war treasurers. Th(
all-time record tor tenure m office by a treasurer, however, still belongs to Johri
Hay^'ood. Hay'wood sen'cd the state for 40 years, from 1787 to 1827. '

North Carolinas state treasurers have long enjoyed a nationwide reputation fo;
fiscal integrity and financial responsibility Edwin Gill, m particular, did much tcj
earn that v^ndespread public trust b)' establishing and maintaining high professiona
standards for the department during his administration. As a result. North Carolin;
received the coveted Triple-A credit rating for the first time m the early 1960s. Th(
rating, which North Carolina has carefully maintained ever since, saves state taxpayer
roughly $125 million each year through lower interest rates on the states long-tern
debts. This rating was maintained by Harlan Boyles, North Carolina State Treasure;
from 1977 to 2000 and Gills deputy treasurer for 16 years before.

Richard Moore, current North Carolina State Treasurer, who was elected to hi'
first term in 2000, is continuing to follow the same high standards of fiscal integrit;
that have characterized North Carolinas public finance system for the past half centur;

224

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

As State Treasurer, Moore has taken steps to put rigorous investment standards in
place, expand outreach of the Escheats and Unclaimed Property Program and promote
the cause of financial literacy among North Carolina citizens.

As the states banker and custodian of public monies, the Department of State
; Treasurer has become one of the most important agencies in the executive branch.
fThe state treasurer has more constitutional and legislatively-assigned duties than
,iany other public official in the state other than the governor. The treasurer is a
^member of the Council of State, presiding officer of the Local Government
IjCommission and chair of the Tax Review Board, the State Banking Commission,
Ithe Teachers and State Employees Retirement System Board of Trustees and the
fNorth Carolina Educational Facilities Finance Agency He is also a member of the
! State Board of Community Colleges, the State Board of Education and the Global
|TransPark Authority

Despite its tremendous administrative responsibilities and wide-ranging duties,
■the Department of State Treasurer is one of the smallest agencies in the executive
ijbranch. The department currently employs 290 people and has an annual budget
[of $31 million. It is divided into four operating divisions and one support division.
jThose divisions are:

Retirement Systems Division

,| The Retirement Systems Division administers the four statutory retirement and
•eight fringe benefit plans that cover the states pubfic employees. Administration of
;the several retirement systems and benefit plans requires a high level of fiduciary
jresponsibility for the employees' trust funds entailing the prudent and efficient use
f employee and taxpayer contributions.

These retirement systems and benefit plans help the state recruit and retain
ompetent employees for a career in public service. They provide replacement income
jfor employee retirement or disability and death benefits for an employees sur\ivors.
More than 600,000 active and retired public employees and their dependents rely
jpn these retirement and fringe benefit plans for a substantial portion of their long-
lerm financial stability The division administers the Teachers' and State Employees'
Retirement System; the Local Governmental Employees' Retirement System; the
jlonsolidated Judicial Retirement System; and the Legislative Retirement System.

I Two boards of trustees govern these systems. The state treasurer is ex-otticio
hhairman of each board. The board of the Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement

ystem is composed of 14 actively-working employees, retirees and public members.

fhe Local Governmental Employees' Retirement System Board, while legally separate,

s composed of the same 14 members plus three additional members representing

ocal governments.

The Board of Trustees of the Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System
s the governing board of the Consohdated Judicial and Legislative Retirement

225

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Systems in addition to all other programs administered by the division, except for!
the Firemen's and Rescue Squad Workers Pension Fund. That fund is governed by;
a separate board of trustees, which is composed of six members, with the state!
treasurer ser\'ing as ex-ofhcio chairman. j

All retirement systems are joint coniributory-defmed benefit plans withi
contributions made by both employees and employers. Each active member'
contributes six percent (6%) of his compensation for creditable service by monthly,
payroll deduction. The only exception to this member contribution rate is the'
Legislative Retirement System to which each active member contributes seven percentj
(7%) ot his compensation. Fmployers make monthly contributions based on a|
percentage rate of the members' compensation for the month. Employer contribution]
rates are actuarially calculated. j

The Retirement Systems Division also administers the Separate Insurance Benefits!
Plan; the Disability Income Plan; the Legislative Retirement Fund; the Nationalj
Guard Pension Plan; the Teachers and State Employees Death Beneht Trust; the;
Supplemental Retirement Income Plan; the Registers of Deeds' Supplemental Pension;
Fund; the Contributory Death Beneht for Retired Members; the Firemen's and Rescue
Squad Workers' Pension Fund. The division also acts as State Social Security
Administrators.

The department's consistent use of conservative actuarial assumptions and an
approved actuarial cost method over the years since the establishment of the retirement
systems and beneht plans ha\'e resulted in retirement systems which can be labeled:
as "actuarially sound."

The division's administrative expenses are paid by receipts from the systems
based on the ratio of members m each system to the total number of members of al
systems. Receipt support from other programs pays for their cost of administratior
based on a cost -center analysis, except for the Firemen's and Rescue Squad Workers^
Pension Fund, which is funded by direct appropriation of the General Assembly

Investment Division I

The Investment Division serves as the state's chief investment officer by
administering the State Funds Cash Management and Trust Funds Investmen
Programs. State law requires the Department of State Treasurer to "establish, maintain^
administer, manage and operate" investment programs for all state funds on deposit
The department has lull hduciary responsibility for these investment programs,
State law requires that the programs be structured so investments can be readiL
converted to cash when needed. The state's constitution forbids the use of assets ii
retirement system funds for any purpose other than providing retirement benefitsj
administrative expenses and refunds.

226

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Financial Operations Division

The Financial Operations Division senses as the states banker by receiving and
disbursing all state monies. The General Assembly of North Carolina has pro\ided
a centralized system for managing the flow of monies collected and disbursed by all
state departments, agencies, institutions and universities. That system is centralized
m this division. The Department of State Treasurer provides each state agency the
same services that a commercial bank would normally provide. This system assures
that the state itself is the prime benehciary of the flow of funds through the commercial
banking system in the course of conducting state business.

State and Local Government Finance Division

The State and Local Government Finance Division provides the state treasurer
:With staff assistance in a variety of areas. It provides staff support to the Local
Government Commission and the North Carolina Capital FacUities Finance Agency

The division provides two major types of services — debt management and
!fiscal management — to state and local governments. The deputy treasurer who
■leads the State and Local Government Finance Division also serves as secretary' of
■the Local Government Commission. The Local Government Commission approves
:the issuance of the indebtedness of all units of local government and assists these
units in the area of fiscal management. The commissions nine members include the
'State Treasurer, the Secretary of State, the State Auditor, the Secretary of Revenue, as
jwell as three members appointed by the governor, one by the lieutenant governor
iand one by the Speaker of the North Carolina House of Representatives. The State
Treasurer serves as chairman and selects the secretary of the commission, who heads
the administrative staff.

j The State Treasurer is responsible for the issuance and service of all state debts
^ecured by a pledge of the taxing power of the state. After approval of a bond issue,
ithe division assists in determining the cash needs and most appropriate time for
scheduling bond sales after consultation with other state agencies. It plans for
Repayment of the debt and prepares, with the advice and cooperation of bond counsel
knd the assistance of other state agencies, the official statement describing the bond
jssue and other required disclosures about the state. The division also participates
In the actual sale and delivery of the bonds.

Division staff maintain state bond records and a register of bonds and initiate
jiebt service payments as they become due. In addition, the division is responsible
jbr the authorization and issuance of revenue bonds for the North Carolina Medical
Care Commission; the North Carolina Housing Finance Agency; the North Carolina
IVlunicipal Power Agency Number 1 ; the North Carolina Eastern Municipal Power
•agency and the North Carolina Educational Facilities Finance Agency

227

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Division staff provide technical assistance in financial matters within the
Department of State Treasurer and to other state agencies.

The State and Local Government Fmance Division provides technical assistance
on hnancial matters to local governments and public authorities across North
Carolina through the Local Government Commission. The divisions staff makes
recommendations to the commission on the approval, sale and deliveiy of all North
Carolina local government bonds and notes. The Local Government Commission
must approve any proposed issue before local governments can incur that debt.
The commission examines the necessity for the issue, the size oi the issue, the local
governments debt management policy, the local taxes that will be needed to service
the debt and the ability of the unit to repay. After the commission grants approval of
the debt issue, the local government and its bond counsel work with State and
Local Government Finance Division staff to gather and assemble information for an
official statement that is mailed to a large group of investment bankers nationwide.
The general obligation bonds are awarded through the competitive bid process on
the basis of lowest total net interest cost to the local government. After the sale, the
staff delivers and validates the dehnitive bonds and ensures that the monies are
promptly transferred from the buying brokers to the government unit.

A second key divisional function is monitoring certain fiscal and accounting
standards prescribed for local governments by the Local Government Budget and
Fiscal Control Act. The division furnishes on-site assistance to local governments
concerning existing hnancial and accounting systems as well as new systems.
Division staff strive to ensure that local governments follow generally-accepted
accounting principles, systems and practices. The division staff counsels local units
in treasuiy and cash management budget preparation, as well as investment policies
and procedures. The division also provides educational programs tor local
governments m the form of seminars and classes. Division staff examine and analyze
annual audited hnancial statements and other rec^uired reports trom local
governments. Information from these reports is compiled and provided to local
government officials and outside organizations to enhance the management of public
funds. The Local Government Budget and Fiscal Control Act requires each unit of
local government to have its accounts audited annually by a certified public
accountant or by an accountant certified by the commission as quaUfied to audit
local government accounts. The department provides continued assistance to the
independent auditors through individual assistance and continuing professional
education.

Administrathe Services Division

The Administrative Ser\'ices Division includes the areas of Human Resources,
Public Affairs, Supply and Mailroom Operations and the Escheat and Unclaimed
Property Property. The Escheat and Unclaimed Property Program is responsible for

228

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

holding funds and property when the rightful owner cannot be located. Individuals
and businesses turn over funds such as abandoned bank accounts and uncashed
checks to the program. The program also receives tangible property, such as the
contents of unclaimed safe deposit boxes. Escheat and Unclaimed Property staff
attempt to return this property to its rightful owners whenever possible. The
department invests escheat monies and uses the interest earned to provide financial
assistance to needy and worthy students attending state-supported institutions of
higher education.

Boards and Commissions

Board of Trustees of the N.C. Local Governmental Employees
Retirement System

Board of Trustees Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System

Local Government Commission

N.C. Capital Facilities Finance Agency Board of Directors

For more information about the Department of State Treasurer, call (919) 508-
5176 or visit the department's Web site at www.treasurer.state.nc.us.

Richard Hancock Moore

State Treasurer

Early Years

Born in Granville County on August 30, 1960, to
G. Tingley and Lucy Hancock Moore.

Educaticon

J.F Webb High School, Oxford, 1978; B.A. m
History, Wake Forest University, 1982; Graduate
Degree in Accounting and Finance, London School
of Economics, 1984; J.D., Wake Forest University
School of Law, 1986.

Professional Background

State Treasurer.

Political Activities

State Treasurer, 2000-Present; Secretary, N.C. Department of Crime Control and

Public Safety; Representative, 22nd District, N.C. House of Representatives, 1993-

1994.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board, St. James Historic Episcopal Church, Kitrell; Board, Impact; Board, N.C.

Museum of History Associates.

mamt

^^ttl

iit|

k Ittt

r*iiti

Hi'

MlJK

229

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Council of Slate; Chair, Local Government Commission; Chair, Board of Trustees,
Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System.

Honors and Awards

Honorary Lifetime Member, N.C. State Highway Patrol; Honorary Lifetime Member,
N.C. National Guard Association; Order of the Long Leaf Pine.

Personal Information

Married, Noel Crook Moore. Three children. Member, St. Stephens Episcopal Church

State Treasurers

Colonial Treasurers^

Name

Term

Edward Moseley-

1715-1735

William Smith^

1735

William Downing"*

1735-1739

Edward Moseley""

1735-1749

William Smith^

1739-1740

John Hodgson'

1740-1748

Thomas Barker^

1748-1752

Eleazer Allen^

1749-1750

John Starkey'*-^

1750-1765

John Haywood^ ^

1752-1754

Thomas Barkers-

1754-1764

Joseph Montford^'

1764-1775

Samuel Swann^^^

1765-1766

John Ashe^^

1766-1773

Richard Caswell'"

1773-1775

Samuel Johnston''

1775

Richard Caswell'*^

1775

State Treasurers

Name

Residence

Term

Samuel Johnston'"

Chowan

1775-1777

Richard CaswelP^^

Dobbs

1775-1776

John Ashe-'

New Hanover

1777-1779

William Skinners-

Perquimans

1777-1784

Green Hill

Franklin

1779-1784

Richard Cogdell

Craven

1779-1782

William Cathey

Rowan

1779-1781

John Ashe

New Hanover

1779-1781

Matthew Jones

Chatham

1779-1782

230

IHb LUUNLIL Oh bTATE AND

THE EXECUTIVE BR

ANCH CHAPTER FOUR

State Treasurers (continued)

Name

Residence

Term

Timothy Bloodworth

Surry

1780-1784

Robert Lanier

New Hanover

1780-1783

Memucan Hunt^^

Granville

1782-1784

John Brown

Wilkes

1782-1784

Benjamin Exum

Dobbs

1782-1784

Joseph Cain

New Hanover

1783-1784

WiUiam Locke

Rowan

1784

Memucan Hunt

Granville

1784-1787

John Haywood^'*

Edgecombe

1787-1827

Wilham Robards

Granville

1827-1830

WilUam S. Mhoon

Bertie

1831-1835

Samuel E Patterson^^

Wilkes

1835-1837

Daniel W Courts^^

Surry

1837-1839

Charles L. Hinton

Wake

1839-1843

John H. Wheeler

Lincoln

1843-1845

Charles L. Hinton

Wake

1845-1851

Daniel W Courts

Surry

1851-1862

Jonathan Worth^^

Randolph

1862-1865

William Sloan^^

Anson

1865-1866

Kemp P. Battle^^

Wake

1866-1868

David A. Jenkins^*^

Gaston

1868-1876

John M. Worth^i

Randolph

1876-1885

Donald W Bain^^

Wake

1885-1892

Samuel McD. Tate"

Burke

1892-1895

William H. Worth

Guilford

1895-1901

Benjamin R. Lacy^"*

Wake

1901-1929

Nathan O'Berry^^

Wayne

1929-1932

John R Stedman^^

Wake

1932

Charles M. Johnson"

Pender

1933-1949

Brandon R Hodges^^

Buncombe

1949-1953

Edwin M. Gill'^

Scotland

1953-1977

Harlan E. Boyles^°

Wake

1977-2000

Richard H. Moore

Wake

2001-Present

Colonial Treasurers

^ The lower house of the colonial assembly reserved the right to appoint colonial
treasurers. This policy, combined with the extensive control the assembly already
exercised over the colony's hnancial affairs, proved to be a constant source of
friction between the governor and the lower house.

231

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Treasurers were usually appointed in conjunction with money bills during the
early years of the office. Later, however, they were appointed via bills passed
specifically for the purpose of appointing treasurers. The assembly apparently
hrst appointed treasurers during the Tuscarora War of 1711, when several
commissioners were appointed to issue paper currency. This practice continued
until 1731, when George Burnngton, North Carolina's tirst royal governor,
questioned the assembly's right to appoint treasurers and instead tried to appoint
his own treasurer. The lower house resisted this infringement upon its traditional
rights and Burnngton sought support from royal authorities in England. Crown
officials, anxious about upsetting the lower house, hesitated to support Burnngton
and successive colonial governors on the issue.

By 1729 the complexity of the colony's hnances had become so great that the
assembly created the office of precinct treasurer. The assembly submitted a list of
two or three nominees to the governor for a final decision. The practice of 'lilling
the offices of precinct treasurer seems to have fallen into disuse" by 1735 when
there apparently were only two treasurers for the entire province — one lor the
northern district and one for the southern. This division continued for the
remainder of the colonial period.

- Moseley, one of the commissioners selected to issue paper currency m 1711,
was apparently appointed public treasurer in 1715. He seems to have served
continuously until 1735, when the assembly divided the office of treasurer into
two positions: a treasurer appointed for the northern district and another appointed
for the southern. The assembly named Moseley treasurer oi the southern district
and he continued m that capacity until his death in 1749.

^ Governor Burnngton and the council appointed Smith, but there is no evidence
that he ever sen'ed. This ma)' have been due to the response of the lower house
to Smith's appointment.

"^ The legislature appointed Downing treasurer for the northern district and he
ser\'ed until his death m 1739.

^ See footnote 2.

" The governor and council appointed Smith on November 21, 1739, to act as
temporary treasurer following Downing's death.

' The assembly appointed Hodgson m August, 1740, to replace Downing. He
sen'ed until 1748.

''^ The assembly appointed Barker m April, 1748. He sen'ed until he resigned in
1752.

'^ The general assembly appointed Allen in November, 1749, to replace Moseley.
He sen^d until his death in 1750.

232

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

^° Starkey was appointed in July, 1750, to replace Eleazer Allen. He served as one of
the colony's two district treasurers until his death m 1765.

^ ^ Haywood was appointed to replace Barker and served until he apparently resigned
in 1754.

^^ Barker was appointed in 1754 to replace Haywood and serv^ed until he apparently
resigned in 1764.

^^ Montford was appointed in February, 1764, to replace Barker and served until
1775.

^"^ Governor Tryon appointed Swann in 1765 to act as a temporary replacement for
the deceased Starkey.

^^ Ashe was appointed in November 1766 to replace Starkey. He served until he
was replaced by Caswell in 1773.

^^ Caswell was appointed m 1773 to replace Ashe. He ser\^ed until the collapse of
the royalist government m 1775. "An Act for appointing Public Treasurers, and
directing their duty m office," Chapter V, Laws of North Carolina, Clark, State
Records, XXIU, 904-906.

^^ Johnston and Caswell were appointed treasurers of the northern and southern
districts respectively on September 8, 1775, by the provincial congress. Caswell
served until his election as governor in 1776. Johnston serv^ed until 1777 when
ill health forced him to decline re-election.

^^ See footnote 17.

State Treasurers

^"^ See footnote 17.

^^ See footnote 17.

^^ Ashe was elected to replace Caswell.

^^ Governor Caswell, with the advice and consent of the council, appointed Skinner
to replace Johnston. The legislature elected Skinner to a regular term. He served
continuously until the district system was abandoned m 1784.

" Hunt was the hrst sole treasurer elected by the General Assembly In 1786 charges
of misconduct were brought against him by a "Secret Committee of the General
Assembly" A joint session of the House and Senate heard the allegations against
Hunt on December 28. Two days later he was defeated for re-election by John
Haywood.

^^ Haywood died on November 18, 1827, while still in office, having served for
thirty years as state treasurer.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

^^ Patterson was elected in 1834 to replace Mhoon. He was re-elected in 1835, but
failed to give bond within the prescribed fifteen-day time period. His failure to
act in a timely manner voided his election. Governor Spaight, with the advice
and consent of the council, then appointed Patterson to the office of treasurer. He
declined to run for re-election in 1836.

^"^ Courts resignation was presented to the council on April 15, 1839.

^' Worth served until the end of the war. When the provisional government took
over, Governor Holden appointed him treasurer. Worth resigned on November
15, 1865.

''^ Governor Holden appointed Sloan to replace Worth. He served until the new
government took over.

'-'^ Battle was elected by the new General Assembly and began serving on Januaiy 1,
1866. He continued m office until the new constitution went into effect m 1868.

^''Jenkins was elected m the general elections of April, 1868, and seized following
re-election in 1872 until his resignation on November 6, 1876.

^^ Governor Brogden appointed Worth on November 10. 1876. He had already
been elected m the general elections in 1876.

-'- Bain died November 16, 1892.

" Governor Holt appointed Tate on November 19, 1892, to replace Bam. Wbrth
defeated him m a special election m 1894.

^^ Lacy died February 21, 1929.

^' Governor Gardner appointed O'Berry on February 23, 1929, to replace Lacy
O'Beriy sen'ed until his death on Januaiy 6, 1932.

^^ Governor Gardner appointed Stedman on January 7, 1932, to replace O'Berr)'.
He resigned effective November 21, 1932.

^' Governor Gardner appointed Johnson on November 7, 1932, to take ofhce
November 11. Johnson, however, failed to qualify at that time. He had already
been elected in the general elections in 1932.

''^ Hodges resigned m June, 1953.

^"^ Governor Umstead appointed Gill on June 29, 1953, to replace Hodges. He was
elected m the general elections of 1954 to complete Hodges' unexpired term. Gill
was elected to a full term in 1956 and served until his retirement in 1977.

■^'' Boyles was elected m November, 1976, when Gill declined to run for re-election.
He IS still serving following subsequent re-elections, most recently 1996.

234

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Department of Public Instruction

The Department of Public Instruction, under the leadership of the State Board
of Education, estabUshes and administers overall policy for North Carolina's public
schools. The N.C. Superintendent of Public Instruction, whose office was
established in the state constitution, manages the department and administers the
policies established by the board. The state board adopts rules and regulations for
the states public schools that are consistent with other laws enacted by the General
Assembly. Members of the board include the Heutenant governor, the state treasurer
and eleven gubernatorial appointees, who are subject to confirmation by the General
Assembly in joint session. The Superintendent of Public Instruction serves as
secretary to the board.

The North CaroUna Department of Public Instruction was formed in December,
1852, although the current title and specific delineation of responsibilities were
first set forth in the Constitution of 1868. The head of the department originally
went by the title "superintendent of common schools," but that office was abolished
in 1865. Today the superintendent of public instruction is elected by vote of the
people to a four-year term. He or she is a member of the Council of State.

The Department of Public Instructions primary mission is to ensure that a
"general and uniform system of free pubUc schools shall be provided throughout
the State, wherein equal opportunities shall be provided for all students." The
department allocates to local education agencies state funds appropriated by the
General Assembly and federal public education funds to local public school systems
across the state. Department staff monitor the expenditure of that money, draft rules
and regulations, collect statistical data of both general and specific nature on schools,
expenditures and student progress. The department provides local public school
systems with consultant services on fiscal and curriculum issues.

The Department of Public Instruction is organized under the state superintendent
into three program areas, each headed by an associate state superintendent and each
reporting directly to a deputy state superintendent. In addition to the three primar)-
program areas, the Communications and Information Division and the Office of
Education Reform report directly to the State Superintendent. The N.C. Board of
Education has several staff members, including a legislative director. The three primary
program areas are:

Instructional and Accountability Services

This area encompasses the Office of Charter Schools, the Division of
Accountability Services, the Division of Exceptional Children, the Division of
Instructional Services and the Division of School Improvement.

235

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Information and Technology Services

This area includes the Administrative Applications Division, the Instructional
Technologies Division and the Networking Technologies Division.

Financial and Personnel Services •

This area includes the Division of Financial Services, the Division of Human!
Resources Management, the Division of School Business and the Division of Schooii

Support. I

i
I

Boards and Commissions \

Basic Education Program Advisory Committee: Contact Dr. Henry !

Johnson, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C.
27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1506.

Board of Governors for Governor's Schools East and West: Contact

Nancy Doherty, Division of Exceptional Children, Education Building, j

301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715- !

1994. I

Commission on School Technology: Contact Elsie Brumback, •

Instructional Technology Services, Education Building, 301 N. .'

Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1530. '

Council on Educational Services for Exceptional Children: Contact Mary
Watson, Monitor, Due Process and Parents' Rights, Exceptional Children
Services, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. \

27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1587. |

N.C. Advisory Committee for Services to Children with Deaf-Blindness:
Contact Chris Jones, Deaf-Blind, Multihandicapped and Severely/
Profoundly Handicapped Programs, Division of Exceptional Children, ;
Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; |
Phone, (919) 715-1998. '

N.C. Migrant Education Parent Advisory Council: Contact Emmett |

Kimbrough, Migrant Education, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington
St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1356. j

N.C. Professional Teaching Standards Commission: Contact Peggy
Hopkins, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C.
27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1163. !

North Carolina School Improvement Panel: Contact Judy White, |

Director, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C.
27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1309.

236

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

North Carolina Standards Board for Public School Administration:

Contact Linda Stevens, Executive Director, Room 324, Education
Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919)
715-2050.

North Carolina Textbook Commission: Contact Ann Fowler, Consultant,
Department of Pubhc Instruction, Education Building, 301 N.
Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1893.

Personnel Administration Commission for Public School Employees:

Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825;
Phone, (919) 715-1095.

Professional Practices Commission: Contact Gloria Bowman, Division of
Human Resources Management, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington
St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1146.

Professional Review Committee: Contact Harry Wilson, Education
Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919)
j 715-1310.

Sports Medicine Advisory Commission: Contact Kymm Ballard, Division
of Instructional Services, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St.,
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1823.

State Advisory Council on Indian Education: Contact Priscilla Maynor,
j Consultant, Division of Exceptional Children, Education Building, 301 N.
j Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1587.

• State Evaluation Committee: Contact Donna Simmons, Division of

1 Human Resource Management, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington

I St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1147.

State School Food Distribution Advisory Council: Contact Gary W. Gay,
Food Distribution Division, N.C. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box
659, Butner, N.C. 27509-0659; Phone, (919) 575-4490; Fax, (919) 575-
4143.

State Selection Committee for Teacher of the Year: Contact Jean
Blackmon-Brauer, Division of Human Resources Management, Education
Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919)
715-1149.

Task Force on Vocational and Technical Education: Contact June
Atkinson, Division of Vocational and Technical Education, Education
Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919)
715-1626.

Title 1 Committee of Practitioners: Contact Bill McGrady, Compensatory
Education, Division of Human Resource Management, Education
Building, 301 N. Wilmington St., Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825; Phone, (919)
715-1356.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Vocational Education Program Area Advisory Committees: Workforce
Development Education, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St.,
Raleigh, N.C. 27601-2825. Contact persons are:

Agricultural Education: K.C. Beavers, Consultant, DPI, (919) 715-
1703 and Marshall Stewart, Consultant, N.C. State University, (919)
515-1681.

Business Education: Ken Smith, Section Chief, (919) 715-1661.

Family and Consumer Sciences Education: Phyllis West, Consultant,
(919) 715-1779.

Health Occupations Education: Nancy Raynor, Section Chief, (919)
715-1765.

Marketing Education: Ken Smith, Section Chief, (919) 715-1661.

Technology Education: Deborah Shumate, Consultant, (919) 715-
1715.

Trade and Industrial Education: Bob Dickerson, Consultant, (919)
715-1708.

Workforce Development Committee of Practitioners: Contact Don
Brannon, Workforce Education Development, Division of Human
Resource Management, Education Building, 301 N. Wilmington St.,
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825; Phone, (919) 715-1647.

For more information on the N.C. Department of Public Instruction, call (919)
715-1000 or visit the department's Web site, the DPI Info Web, at
www.dpi.state.nc.us.

238

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Mike Ward

Superintendent of Public
Instruction

Early Years

Born in Louisburg, Franklin County, October
17, 1953, to Max Edward and Evelyn Strickland
Ward.

Educational Background

Graduate, Wake Forest-Rolesville Senior High,
1972; B.S., Vocational/Technical Education,
North Carolina State University, 1977; M. Ed.,
Occupational Education, N.C. State University,
1981; Ed. D., Educational Administration, N.C.
State University, 1993.

Professional Background

State Superintendent, Department of Public Instruction

Political Activities

N.C. Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1996-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board Member, Stop Hunger Now; Board Member, Special Olympics of North
Carolina; Volunteer, Local and International Humanitarian Service Teams.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

President-Elect, Council of Chief State School Officers, 2002; Chair, State Partnership
Board, National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education; Member,
National Assessment Governing Board.

Honors and Awards

2002 McEwin Distinguished Service Award, N.C. Middle School Association;
Distinguished Alumnus Award, North Carolina State University, 1997; N.C.
Superintendent of the Year, American Association of School Administrators, 1994.

Personal Information

Married, the Rev. Hope Morgan Ward. Two children. Member, Soapstone United
Methodist Church, Raleigh.

Superintendents of Public Instruction

Superintendent of Common Schools

Name Residence

Calvin H. Wiley' Guilford

Term
1852-1865

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL

2001-2002

Superintendents of Public

Instruction

1
1

Name

Residence

Term j

Samuel S. Ashley-

New Hanover

1868-1871 !

Alexander Mclver^

Guilford

1871-1875

James C. Reid"^

1873 1

Kemp P Battle'

Wake

1873 !

Stephen D. Pool'^

Craven

1875-1876 i

John Pool'

Pasquotank

1876-1877

John C. Scarborough

Johnston

1877-1885

Sidney M. Finger

Catawba

1885-1893

John C. Scarborough

Hertford

1893-1897 !

Charles H. Mebane

Catawba

1897-1901

Thomas F. Toon"*

Robeson

1901-1902

James Y. Joyner""

Guilford

1902-1919 1

Eugene C. Brooks '^^

Durham

1919-1923

Arch T. Allen '1

Alexander

1923-1934

Clyde A. Erwm'-

Rutherford

1934-1952 i

Charles F Carroll'''

Duplm

1952-1969 i

Andrew Craig Phillips'^

Guilford

1969-1989 j

Bob R. Etheridge''^

Harnett

1989-1996 1

Michael Edward Ward"^

Wake

1996-Present j

' Wiley sen-ed until the office was abolished in 1865.

Ashley was elected m the general elections of April, 1868, and resigned effecti\(
October 1, 1871. ^ ;

Governor Caldwell appointed Mclver on September 21, 1871, to replace Ashle
He took office October 1, 1871. j

Governor Caldwell apparently appointed Reid in late 1872 or early 1873, but n;
record exists that he ever qualified or took the oath of office. |

Governor Caldwell appointed Battle on Januaiy 14, 1873 to replace Reid. Batt'
took the oath of office on January 15. Alexander Mclver, who was still servirj
under a previous appointment, challenged Battles right to hold office. The Norti
Carolina Supreme Court heard the case at its January, 1873, term. The coUj
decided m favor of Mclver. Justice Reade, who wrote and delivered the majori;
opinion, stated that since Mclver had been duly appointed and qualified, arj
that since the officer-elect could not qualify, Mclver was entitled to remain '
office until the next election in August, 1874. '

I
Pool resigned effective June 30, 1876. j

Governor Brodgen appointed John Pool on June 30, 1876, to replace Stephen I;
Pool. He took office July 1.

240

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

s Toon was elected in the general elections of 1900 and served until his death on
February 19, 1902.

^ Governor Aycock appointed Joyner on February 24, 1902, to replace Toon. He
was elected in a special election in 1902 to complete Toon's unexpired term. He
was re-elected to a full term in 1904 and served following subsequent re-elections
until his resignation effective January 1, 1919.

^° Governor Bickett appointed Brooks on December 21, 1918, to replace Jo)Tier.
He took office January 1, 1919, and was elected in the general elections of 1920.
Brooks served until his resignation on June 11, 1923.

'^ Governor Morrison appointed Allen on June 11, 1923, to replace Brooks. He
was elected in the general elections in 1924 and served following subsequent re-
: elections until his death on October 20, 1934.

'- Governor Ehrmghaus appointed Erwin on October 23, 1934, to replace Allen.
He was elected in the general elections of 1936 and ser\Td following subsequent
, re-elections until his death on July 19, 1952.

^^ Governor Scott appointed Carroll on August 20, 1952, to replace Erwin. He was
elected m the general elections of 1952 and served following subsequent re-
elections until 1969, when he retired from office.

i'^'^ Phillips was elected in 1968 and served following subsequent re-elections until
his retirement in 1989.

P Etheridge was elected in November, 1988. He was re-elected in 1992 and declined
to run for re-election in 1996.

^^ Ward was elected in November, 1996.

241

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Office of the Attorney General

The Attorney General of North Carolina heads both the Department of Justice
and the Office of the Attorney General. The attorney general, having originated
during colonial times, is one of the oldest continuous offices m North Carolina
state government. North Carolina's hrst constitution, written m 1776, made the
attorney general part of the executive branch framework. When the General Assembly
began reorganizing the executive branch m the early 1970s, it created the Department
of Justice as one of the major departments m the Council of State.

The 1971 state constitution deleted all references to the Department of Justice
and the State Bureau of Investigation. Instead, it simply requires an attorney general
whose duties ^'shall be prescribed by law." [Article III, Section 7(2)1 North Carolinas
attorney general is elected every four years by vote of the people. The 1971
constitution elevated the attorney general to full, voting membership m the Council
of State. Until then, the attorney general had sewed only as legal advisor to the
council.

The historical roots of North Carolinas current Office of the Attorney General
lie buried deep m English common law. As far back as the Middle Ages, the English
crown conducted its legal business through attorneys, sergeants and solicitors. At
that time, the crown did not act through a single attorney at all. Instead, the king
appointed numerous legal representatives and granted each authority to appear only
in particular courts, on particular matters or in the courts of particular geographical
areas. The total number of attorneys representing the crovm gradually decreased
over time as individual attorneys were assigned broader duties.

By the latter part of the fifteenth century the title Attorney General was used to
designate William Husee as a legal counsel for the crown. It may have been as late
as 1530, however, before a single attorney held the title of Attorney General. Attorneys
general throughout the sixteenth century still shared the role of legal representative
to the crowii with other legal agents. It was not until the seventeenth centur\' that
the ofhce assumed its modern form and the attorney general became, at least in
practice, the crowns preeminent legal counsel.

Although the early attorneys and other legal representatives of the crown occupied
much the same position as comparable legal representatives of individuals, their
professional development soon diverged from that of private counsel because of the
peculiar role of the crown m legal proceedings. The king held "prerogative" and, in
theory, was always present in his courts. Since the monarch could not literally appear
in every court m the kingdom personally the attorney general and his predecessors
evolved as a legal-administrative mechanism to protect the crowns interests.
Consequently, the kings counsel enjoyed superior status to that of attorneys for
individuals. Unlike an attorney representing a private party, the attorney general or
king's attorney was not an officer of the courts and, therefore, was not subject to the

242

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

usual disciplinary authority the courts held over individual attorneys. As a representative
of the crown, the attorney general was subject only to the control of the crown.

The office of Attorney General was transported intact from England to the
American colonies. Here, attorneys general of the colonies served as representatives
of the attorney general of England. Not surprisingly these colonial attorneys general
possessed the common law powers of the attorney general in England. During the
early colonial period, North Carolina and South Carolina comprised a single colony
and shared an attorney general. By 1767, North Carolina had its own attorney
general, who was selected from among the lawyers practicing in North Carolina.
North Carolina's attorney general exercised the same power and authority that
attorneys general and solicitors general possessed in England. By the time the
American Revolution brought independence to the former colonies, the office of
attorney general was firmly established in the American states.

After the Revolution, the newly-formed states continued to appoint or elect
attorneys general with virtually the same powers and duties as their English and
colonial predecessors. The most striking change to the office was that the people,
not a hereditary monarch, held sovereignty over the laws and courts. The office of
Attorney General has, in one form or another, continued into the modern era in
almost all American states. Attorneys general still exercise many of the same duties
and powers delegated to their colonial predecessors. In 1985, North Carolina's
General Assembly re-affirmed the common law powers of the Office of the Attorney
General.

The attorney generals administrative powers and duties are specified in the
General Statutes of North Carolina. The attorney general is responsible for
representing the State of North Carolina in all actions in the Appellate Court Division
the state is either interested in or a part to. When requested by the governor or
either house of the General Assembly, the Office of the Attorney General represents
the state before any other court or tribunal in any case or matter — ci\il or criminal
— in which the State may be a party or interested. The attorney general, when
requested by the governor, secretary of state, treasurer, auditor. Utilities Commission,
Banking Commission, insurance commissioner or superintendent of public
instruction prosecutes or defends all suits related to matters concerning their
departments. The Office of the Attorney General represents all state institutions
whenever requested to do so by the official head of that institution.

The attorney general consults with and advises judges, district attorneys,
magistrates and municipal and county attorneys upon request. The attorney general
also renders legal opinions, either formally or informally upon all questions of law
submitted by the General Assembly, the governor or any other state officer.

The Office of the Attorney General, in the public interest, may intervene in
proceedings before any courts, regulatory officers, agencies or bodies — either state
or federal — on behalf of the consuming public of the state. The Office of the

243

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Attorney General has the authority to originate proceedings before these same courts,
officers, agencies or bodies on behall of the state, its agencies or its citizens in any
and all matters ot public interest. The Ofhce of the Attorney General administers the
operations of the North Carolina Department of Justice.

The Department of Justice is divided into two main program areas — Legal
Senices and Law Enforcement The Legal Ser\aces Area is organized into the following
divisions:

Administrative Division

The Administrative Division includes six separate legal sections, each of which
is responsible for particular clients or areas of the law.

The Mental Health/Medical Facilities Section represents various divisions of the
N.C. Department of Health and Human Services, the University of North Carolmas
hospitals and the Office of the State Controller.

The Health and Public Assistance Section represents the Department of Health
and Human Semces' Divisions of Social Sen'ices and Medical Assistance, as well as
all the departments health-related programs.

The Tort Claims Section represents the state m tort and workers compensation
claims. It also handles collection actions for the University of North Carolina and
the North Carolina Community College System.

The Senaces to State Agencies Section provides legal services to the Depar' iient
of State Treasurer, the Division of Retirement Systems, the Office of State Personnel,
the Administrative Office of the Courts, the Department of Agriculture, the General
Statutes Commission, the Wildlife Resources Commission and numerous licensing
boards.

The Elections Section represents the State Board of Elections and advises
numerous state and local officials on legal matters related to elections.

The Real Estate Commission Section represents the North Carolina Real Estate
Commission and handles cases involving licensed real estate brokers.

Civil Division

Consisting of seven sections, this division handles civil claims and litigation
principally arising from state construction contracts, real property acquisitions,
highway right-of-way condemnation and the enforcement of laws governing labor
matters, insurance, motor vehicles and state taxation. The section also assists in
environmental enforcement matters and provides representation to certain state
agencies in workers compensation and tort claims cases.

The Property Control Section represents the Department of Administration, the
North Carolina Ports Authority, the Railway Commission, the N.C. Museum of

244

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Art, the N.C. Building Commission and other agencies. Us staff advises state agencies
on real property, public building construction law and pubhc procurement.

The Revenue Section represents the N.C. Department of Revenue. Its duties
include mstitutmg legal actions to collect taxes from individual and corporate
taxpayers. Section attorneys also defend ad valorem tax valuations of public service
companies before the Property Tax Commission and handle all responsibilities of
the Attorney General under G.S. 36A-53 regarding the protection of charitable trusts.
The section defends the Department of Revenue in state and federal litigation by
taxpayers seeking tax refunds.

The Labor Section acts as legal advisor to the N.C. Department of Labor and
handles cases arising from enforcement of occupational safety and health matters
and labor laws governing child labor, minimum wage, overtime and unpaid wages.

The Insurance Section advises the N.C. Department of Insurance and the State
Health Plan. Section attorneys Utigate cases arising from enforcement of the states
insurance laws.

The Motor Vehicles Section furnishes legal assistance to the Division of Motor
Vehicles. Among other things, it represents the division in appeals to superior court
involving the suspension or revocation of drivers' Ucenses, appeals of tax assessments
for overweight vehicles and insurance case appeals potentially resulting in the loss
of vehicle plates.

The Highway Section acts as legal advisor to the Secretary of Transportation
and the State Board of Transportation and provides legal representation to the N.C.
Department of Transportation in such matters as condemnation Utigation, bids for
highway construction and contracts.

The Western Office handles condemnation cases for the Department of
Transportation, tort claims and workers' compensation cases, license revocation or
suspension cases for the Division of Motor Vehicles, environmental enforcement
cases for the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, as well as certain
administrative hearings for state agencies located in western North Carolina.

Consumer Protection Division

The Consumer Protection Division represents the interests of North Carolina
consumers in maintaining a free, fair and competitive marketplace and protecting
the natural environment. The section protects the public against price fixing, price
gouging, restraint of trade and other anti-competitive practices. It also protects the
pubUc from fraud, deception and other unfair trade practices. The section assists
thousands of North Carolinians each year with consumer complaints. The Consumer
Protection Division also represents consumers in utility matters before the North
Carolina Utilities Commission and the state courts.

245

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Criminal Division

This division incorporates all sections of the department that deal with criminal
matters. Its staff advises and represents state agencies such as Department of
Correction and the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety. The Criminal
Division is broken down into several sections m order to pro\ide specialized support.

The Special Prosecutions Section prosecutes, or assists in the prosecution of,
criminal cases upon request of district attorneys and upon the approval of the attorney
general. It also ser\'es as legal advisor to the State Bureau of Investigation.

The Correction Section provides legal counsel to the Department of Corrections
on matters involving prison regulations, personnel and statutor)' interpretations.

The Crime Control Section provides legal counsel to the N.C. State Highway
Highway Patrol and the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety The section
also serves as legal advisor to victim and justice ser\aces.

The Federal Habeas Section represents North Carolina m appeals of criminal
convictions to the federal courts.

The Appellate Section supenises and prepares criminal briefs m all appeals to
which the state is a party

Environmental Division

The Environmental Division provides legal representation to the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the states primary environmental
regulatory agency, and its component divisions. The division also provides legal
representation to citizen commissions operating in the environmental area. The
division advises the Department of Administration m its environmental duties,
particularly with regard to outer continental shelf development for oil and gas and
administration of the states Environmental PoUcy Act. Representation includes all
aspects of civil and administrative litigation, legal advice and representation during
commission meetings. The division prepares enforcement documents for issuance
by DENR and provides legal services in contested cases, civil injunctive actions,
penalty collection actions and judicial reviews.

The Environmental Division has three operating sections: the Water and Land
Section, the Groundwater and Solid Waste Section and the Air and Natural Resources
Section. Each section is a major participant m the development of the states
environmental programs, particularly in those areas where the state administers
major federal programs such as water quality and air quality as permitted under the
Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act, underground storage tanks programs, EPA
Superfund and RCRA in the hazardous and solid waste areas and safe drinking
water regulation.

246

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Special Litigation Division

The Special Litigation Di\asion consists of tiie Special Litigation Unit and the
Education Section. The Special Litigation Unit represents the state and its officials
and employees in complex or controversial civil litigation. The Education Section
represents the State Board of Education, the Department of Public Instruction, the
State Board of Community Colleges, the Department of Community Colleges and
the Education Assistance Authority It also handles litigation for the University of
North Carolina system and consults with local school boards and local school
ofhcials.

Victims and Citizen Services Section

The Victims and Citizens Services Section provides direct assistance to \actims,
particularly \actims of crime, domestic violence, and elder abuse. The Section works
in collaboration with various State, local, and nonprofit agencies by providing
guidance and information to citizens. The section leads the Department of Justice
on poUcies concerning and initiatives in Open Government, Victims= Rights, Senior
Citizens Rights, child victims= rights, domestic violence, child abuse prevention,
and hate crimes. Additionally the section maintains a child identification kit program
that has fingerprinted more than 40,000 North Carolina children since its inception.
The section also ser\'es victims of crime through its participation criminal appellate
brief process. When appropriate the section coordinates its poUcy and initiatives
into legislation. The section has forged partnerships and associations with sections
within the Department of Justice, organizations, law enforcement agencies, and other
agencies in order to provide direct assistance to victims of crime, domestic violence,
and to answer citizen complaints and inquires. To that end this Section is at the
forefront of the Department to guarantee that crime victims have been afforded their
rights. The section continues to work on legislation that vvall help increase victims=
understanding of the criminal justice system and to work with law enforcement
and other actors in the criminal justice system to do so.

Law Enforcement Area

The Law Enforcement Area of the N.C. Department of Justice includes:

State Bureau of Investigation: The State Bureau of Investigation provides
effective administration of the states criminal laws, works to prevent crime wherever
possible and ensure the swiff apprehension of criminals. The bureau assists local
law enforcement in identifying criminals, provides expert scientific analysis of
evidence and investigates and prepares evidence to be used in court. The State Bureau
of Investigation lends its assistance whenever requested by the attorney general, the
governor, sheriffs, police chiefs, district attorneys or judges.

247

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Slate Bureau o( Invesligation has three major areas of operation: Field
hivestigalions, the Crime Laboratory and the Division of Criminal Information.
The bureau operates one oi the most advanced crime laboratories in the nation. The
Division of Criminal Information mainiains and operates a statewide database that
helps law enforcement agencies across the state m the performance ot their duties.
Data stored in the SBl system includes motor vehicle registrations, drivers licenses,
wanted and missing persons alerts, stolen property notihcations, outstanding arrest
warrants, stolen vehicle reports, hrearms registration, drug-trafficking intelligence
and parole and probation histories. The division pioneered the use of computers m
state law enforcement and continues to provide a state-of-the-art computer filing
system, information retrieval and communications network to qualified law
enforcement agencies throughout North Carolina.

Division of Training and Standards: The Division of Training and Standards
includes the N.C. Justice Academy, the Criminal Justice Standards Division, the
Sheriffs" Standards Division, the Law Entorcement Liaison Section and the
Information Systems Section. The Division of Training and Standards' primary goal
IS to ensure and advance the competence and integrity of the criminal justice
profession in North Carolina.

The Justice Academy, located m Salemburg, N.C, and a council to guide its
development were created in 1973 by an act of the General Assembly. The academy
develops and conducts training courses primarily lor local criminal justice agencies,
as well as providing the resources and facilities for training personnel from various
state criminal justice agencies. The N.C. Department of Correction, for example,
has provideci basic officer training at the Salemburg campus since 1974.

In 1974, the Board of Trustees of the Southwood College and the Sampson
County Board of Commissioners donated the 95-acre Southwood campus to the
state for use as a site for the new academy Salemburg has hosted an educational
facility on the campus since 1875, starting with the establishment of Salem Academy,
followed by Pmelands School for Girls, Edwards Military Academy, and Southwood
College, a private two-year, post-secondary institution.

With the establishment of the N.C. Criminal Justice Education and Training
and Standards Commission m 1979, the academy's oversight council was eliminated
and Its role in support of commission-mandated curriculum grew rapidly The
academy now develops and maintains mandated certihcation curriculums m basic
law enforcement training, basic jailer training, criminal justice instructor training,
radar enforcement and many advanced instructor areas.

Academy staff train thousands ol criminal justice personnel both at the Salemburg
campus and throughout the state. Numerous state and local agencies make use of
the campus itself, its learning resource center and its professional staff for basic and
in-service training. The academy supports every aspect of the state's criminal justice

248

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

system by providing programs and working with other agencies to upgrade the
systems practices and personnel.

Sheriffs' Standards Division: Established by act of the General Assembly in
1983, the Sheriffs' Standards Division administers the programs of the North Carolina
Sheriffs' Education and Training Standards Commission. The commission
establishes minimum employment, training and retention standards for sheriffs
deputies and jailers throughout the state. It also enforces those standards statewide.
The division certifies sheriff's deputies and jailers, as well as administering
accreditation procedures for schools and certifying instructors who teach in
commission-mandated training programs. The division administers the Sheriffs'
Supplemental Pension Fund, which has paid benefits to more than 65 retired sheriffs'
since the fund's creation in 1985.

The Criminal Justice Standards Division: Established by act of the General
Assembly in 1971, the Criminal Justice Standards Division administers the programs
of the North Carolina Criminal Justice Education and Training Standards
Commission. The commission was formed in 1979 when the General Assembly
consolidated the original Criminal Justice Standards Council and the Justice Academy
Council into a single, more powerful commission. Its responsibilities include
establishing and enforcing minimum employment, training and retention standards
for law enforcement ofhcers, correction officers, youth correction officers, local
detention officers, radar operators and criminal justice instructors and schools.

The division administers seven criminal justice officer certification programs
encompassing some 27,000 certified officers as well as eight other specialty
certification programs, including the Radar Operator Certification Program. Programs
of the Company and Railroad PoUce Act, which the General Assembly completely
revised in 1992, are also administered by the Criminal Justice Standards Division.

Law Enforcement Liaison Section: This small section of attorneys provides
legal advice to the majority ot local law enforcement agencies that do not have legal
advisors. Section attorneys also represent the Sheriffs' and Criminal Justice
Commissions, other boards and commissions and respond to frequent citizen
inquiries about law enforcement practices and procedures.

Boards and Commissions

General Statutes Commission

N.C. Alarm Systems Licensing Board
N.C. Criminal justice Education and Training Standards
N.C. Sheriffs' Education and Training Standards Commission
Private Protective Services Board

249

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

For more information about the Office of the Attorney General and the N.C.
Department of Justice, call (919) 716-6400 or visit the departments Web site at I
www.jus.state.nc.us.

Roy A.Cooper,

Attorney General

Early Years

Born in Nash\ille, Nash County, June 13, 1957,
to Roy A., Jr., and Beverly Cooper.

Educational Background

Northern Nash Sr. High School, 1973-75;
Bachelor of Arts (Morehead Scholar), UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1979; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill,
1982.

Professional Background

Attorney General ;

Political Activities ■

Member, N.C. Senate, 1991-2000 (Majority Leader, 1997-2000); Member, N.C,
House of Representatives, 1987-91.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Rocky Mount Area United Way Campaign (Chair, 1997-98); Sunday School Teacher
First Presbyterian Church of Rocky Mount. '

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, North Carolinians tor Community Colleges. ':

Honors and Awards \

1998 Victims Assistance Network Award; 1998 Excellence in Education Award!
NCAE; 2000 Legislator of the Year, Covenant with North Carolina's Children.

Personal Information I

Married, Kristin B. Cooper. Three children. Member, First Presbyterian Church,
Rocky Mount. ;

250

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Attorneys General of North Carolina

Colonial

Name

Term

George Durant^

1677-1681

;: William Wilkison^

1694

iJohn Porter, Jr.^

1694-1695

' Henderson Walker

1695

Thomas Abington'^

1696

: Richard Plater^

1696-1703

(Christopher Gale^

1704-1705

Thomas Snoden^

1705-1708

[Christopher Gale*^

1708-1710

'Edward Bonwicke"

1711-1714

Daniel Richardson ^"-^

1714-1724

John Worley'^

1716

James Stanaway'^

ca. 1720

John Montgomery^ ^

1723

WiUiam Little ^-^

1724

Thomas Boyd^^

1724-1725

William Little

1725-1731

ilohn Connor^^

1731

tohn Montgomery^^

1731-1741

lohn Hodgson'*^

1734

[oseph Anderson'*^

1741-1742

ohn Montgomery

1742-1743

oseph Anderson^"

1743-1747

Thomas Child-^^

1747-1752

peorge Nicholas^^
jpharles Elliot^^

1752-1756

1756

Robert Jones, Jr.^'*
:homas Child^^

1756-1759

1759-1761

ibbert Jones, Jr.^*^

1761-1766

;/Iarmaduke Jones^^

1766-1767

Thomas McGuire^*^

1767-1776

l>rare

hme

Residence

Term

Vaightstill Avery^''

Burke

1777-1779

iames IredelP"

Chowan

1779-1782

ifred Moore^^

Brunswick

1782-1791

3hn Haywood, Jr.^^

Halifax

1792-1795

251

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

State (continued)

Name

Blake Baker''
Henry SeawelP"*
Oliver Fitts"
William Miller''^
Hutching G. Burton'"
William P Drew'-''
James F. Taylor'''
Robert H. Jones'^'
Romulus M. Saunders'^'
John R. J. Daniel
Hugh McQueen"^-
Spier Whitaker
Edward Stanley"*'
Bartholomew F Moore '^'^
William Eaton, Jr."*'
Matthew W. Ransom"*''
Joseph B. Batchelor"^'
William H. Bailey"''^
William A, Jenkins^''
Sion H. Rogers ^'^
William M. Coleman^ ^
Lewis P Olds"
WilUam M. Shipp"
Tazewell L, Hargrove
Thomas S. Kenan
Theodore F Davidson
Frank I. Osborne
Zebulon V Walser^"*
Robert D. Douglas'^
Robert D. Gilmer
Thomas W Bicket"^^
James S. Manning
Dennis G. Brummitt"^^
Aaron A. F SeawelP'"^
Harry McMullan'

,iQ

Residence

Term

Edgecombe

1795-1803

Wake

1803-1808

Warren

1808-1810

Warren

1810

Warren

1810-1816

Halifax

1816-1824

Wake

1825-1828

Warren

1828

Caswell

1828-1834

Halifax

1835-1841

Chatham

1841-1842

Halifax

1842-1846

Beaufort

1846-1848

Halifax

1848-1851

Warren

1851-1852

Northampton

1853-1855

Warren

1855-1856

Mecklenburg

1857

Warren

1857-1862

Wake

1863-1868

1868-1869

Wake

1869-1870

Lincoln

1870-1873

Granville

1873-1877

Wilson

1877-1885

Buncombe

1885-1893

Mecklenburg

1893-1897

Davidson

1897-1900

Guilford

1900-1901

Haywood

1901-1909

Franklin

1909-1917

Wake

1917-1925

Granville

1925-1935

Lee

1935-1938

Beaufort

1938-1955

252

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

State (continued)

j Name Residence Term

! William B. Rodman, Jr. ^° Beaufort 1955-1956

j George B. Patton^^ Macon 1956-1958

i Malcolm B. SeawelP^ Robeson 1958-1960

jlWade Bruton" Montgomery 1960-1969

(Robert Morgan^^ Harnett 1969-1974

: James H. Carson, Jr. ^5 Mecklenburg 1974-1975

;Rufus L. Edmisten^^ Wake 1975-1985

llacy H. Thornburg^' Jackson 1985-1993

jMichael ¥. Easley^^ Brunswick 1993-2000

jRoy A. Cooper Nash 2001 -Present

Colonial

■:f Durant was probably appointed by Jenkins, possibly as early as 1673 or 1674.
(He was serving by 1676.) When conflict between Eastchurch and Jenkins broke
out, Durant went to England to plead Jenkins case, not very successfully since
Eastchurch was commissioned. Durant did not return to the colony until
■ December, 1677, but apparently once agam served as attorney general. He was
still ser\ing in November, 1679, and probably contmued serving until 1681 or

, I later.

r Little is known of Wilkinsons service as attorney general except that he was
j suspended from office in 1694 by Governor Harvey for unspecified
"Misdemeanors."

I Porter was appointed by Harvey to replace Wilkinson and quaUfied before the
court. He probably served until Walker took office in 1695.

Abington served as attorney general for two mdictments during the February,
1696, court.

Plater was appointed by Governor Harvey and qualified before the court. He was
still serving in October, 1703.

When Gale was appointed is not known. The first record of his service is at the
General Court for July, 1704, and he was still serving in October, 1705.

Snoden began serving during the fall term of the General Court for 1705 and was
still serving in 1708.

I Gale was again acting as attorney general by October, 1708. There are no court
j records available for 1709 and 1710 and the records for the First Court in 1711
indicate that Bonwicke was attorney general.

253

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

"^ Bonwicke was serving by March, 1711, and records from the Receiver Generals
office indicate that he was still serving in June, 1714. By that October, however,
he was no longer in office.

"' Richardson was apparently appointed by Governor Eden sometime during the
summer ol 1714. He qualified before the General Court on October 26, 1714
and sen-ed until 1724 when he was replaced by Little.

" Worleys name appears m Hawks' list of attorneys general with the date, August
2, 1716, following it. Since there are no records which indicate that he served, it
is assumed that this is an appointment date. Hawks, Histor}' of North Carolina,
11, 140.

^- Instructions issued to Governor Burrington by the Lords Proprietors indicate
that James Stanaway was appointed attorney general; however, there is no evidence
to indicate that he sensed.

'^ Montgomery is reported to have been appointed attorney general m 1723. No
evidence, however, could be found to indicate that he served at this time.

'"* Little was appointed by Governor Burrington to replace Richardson and qualified
before the Council. His resignation was announced at a council meeting on
November 7, 1724.

^ ' Boyd was appointed by Governor Burrington to replace Little and qualihed before
the council. He served until Litde took over in 1725.

^" Connor was appointed by Governor Burrington and qualihed before the council.
He seived only until Montgomeiy arrived.

^' Montgomery was appointed by the crown and qualified before the council. He
was suspended by Burrington on September 29, 1734, but was either restored to
office by Johnston or never left, since he was considered the attorney general in
November. He continued serving until 1741 when he was appointed acting chief
justice.

'" Hodgson was appointed by Burrington following the suspension of Montgomery
and apparently qualihed before the council. He served only until Governor
Johnston took ofhce in November, 1734.

^^ Anderson was appointed acting attorney general by Governor Johnston when
Mt^ntgomery became chief justice. He served until Montgomer)- returned to semce
in 1742.

^'^ Anderson was appointed permanent attorney general by Governor Johnston when
Montgomery was commissioned chief justice. He qualihed before the council
and continued sening until Child took ofhce m 1747.

"' Child was appointed by the crown and qualified on May 16, 1747. He sewed
until he returned to England in 1752.

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^^ Nicholas was apparently appointed to sewe when Child left North Carolina to
go to England. He was reported ill in October, 1755. There is no evidence that
anyone else was appointed until 1756.

" Elliot was appointed by Governor Dobbs to replace Nicholas and apparently
qualified before Dobbs. He only ser\^ed a few months before he died.

^^ Jones was appointed by Governor Dobbs to replace Elliott and presumably
quaUfied before him. He served until Child took over in 1761. Commission to
Robert Jones, Jr., October 4, 1756, Commissions, 1754-1767.

^^ Child was commissioned by the crown and apparently qualified before Governor
Dobbs. He served until he resigned in 1761.

^•^ Jones was appointed by the crown and apparently quahfied before Governor
Dobbs. He ser\'ed until his death on October 2, 1766.

^^ Jones was appointed by Governor Tryon to replace Jones and served until McQuire
took office in 1767.

^^ The crown commissioned McGuire to replace Jones and he qualified before the
council. He presumably ser\^ed until the Revolution.

State

^^ Avery resigned on May 8, 1779.

^° Iredell was appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the council
to replace Thomas McQuire, who had declined to ser\'e. He was later elected by
the General Assembly.

^^ Moore's resignation was presented to the council on April 9, 1791, but no one
was immediately appointed to fill the vacancy.

^^ Haywood was elected to replace Moore and resigned following his election as
judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity on January 28, 1795.

^^ Baker was elected to replace Haywood and resigned on November 25, 1803.

^'^ Seawell was elected to replace Baker and resigned on November 30, 1808.

^^ Fitts was elected to replace Seawell and resigned on July 6, 1810.

^^ Miller was appointed by the governor with the ad\ice and consent of the council
to replace Fitts.

^^ Burton resigned November 21, 1816.

^® Drew was elected to replace Burton and resigned in November, 1824.

^^ Taylor was elected to replace Drew and died in late June, or early July, 1828.

'^^ Jones was appointed by governor with the advice and consent of the council to
replace Taylor.

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■*' Saunders was elected to replace Taylor. On December 16, 1834 a resolution was
passed in the House of Commons declaring that the office of Attorney General
was vacant because Saunders held a commission from the federal government,
which was m violation of Chapter 6 of the Laws of 1790. (The law prohibited
dual oftice holding by a public ofhcial except in special cases.) Saunders wrote to
Alexander Williams, Speaker of the House, the following day requesting that he
be given "permission to be heard at the bar of the House upon the subject of the
Resolution." The request was granted. Despite testimony by Saunders on his
own behalf, the House voted 68-60 to uphold the resolution. On December 31,
1834, Saunders sent m his resignation.

■*- McQueen s resignation was received b)' the House of Commons on November
25, 1842.

'^- Stanley resigned on May 8, 1848.

■*"* Moore was appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the council
to replace Stanley He was later elected by the General Assembly to a regular term
and resigned m May, or June, 1851.

"*^ Eaton was appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the council
to replace Moore.

■*^ Ransom was elected by the General Assembly to replace Moore and resigned on
May 2, 1855.

"*' Batchelor was appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of the
council to replace Ransom. He resigned November 26, 1856. Council Minutes,
May 25, 1855, Council Journal, 1855-1889; Batchelor to Bragg, November 26,
1856, Bragg Letter Book, 1855-1857, 600.

"^"^ Bailey was elected by the General Assembly to ftll the unexpired term of Batchelor.
Commission dated January 5, 1857, Commission Book, 1841-1877.

"''^ Jenkins was elected to replace Ransom. The ofhce, however, was declared vacant
on December 8, 1862 because Jenkins had accepted a commission in the
Confederate Army.

^^^ Rogers was elected to replace Jenkins and ser\'ed until the Constitution of 1868
went into effect. Commission dated Januaiy 6, 1866, Commission Book, 1841-
1877.

''^ Coleman was elected m the general elections m April, 1868 and ser\'ed until his
resignation on May 29, 1869.

''- Olds was appointed by Governor Holden on June 1, 1869 to replace Coleman.
At the State Republican Party Convention m 1870, he was defeated for nomination
by Samuel E Phillips.

" Shipp was elected in the general elections m 1870 to complete Coleman's
unexpired term, but was defeated for re-election in 1872.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

^"* Walser was elected in the general elections in 1896. He resigned effective November
24, 1900, following his defeat for re-election by Gilmer.

^^ Douglas was appointed by Governor Russell on November 24, 1900 to complete
Walser s term.

^'^ Bickett was elected in the general elections m 1908 and served following re-
election in 1912 until 1916, when he was elected governor of North Carolina.

^' Brummitt was elected in the general elections in 1924 and served following
subsequent re-elections until his death on Februaiy 5, 1935.

^^ Seawell was appointed by Governor Ehringhaus on January' 16, 1935, to replace
Brummitt. He was elected in the general elections in 1936 and served until April,
1938, when he was appointed to the State Supreme Court.

^'^ McMullan was appointed by Governor Hoey on April 30, 1938, to replace Seawell.
He was elected in the general elections in 1938 to complete Seawell s unexpired
term. He was elected to a full term in 1940 and served following subsequent re-
elections until his death on June 24, 1955.

^••^ Rodman was appointed by Governor Hodges on June 1, 1955, to replace
McMullan and served until he resigned m August, 1956, when he was appointed
to the Supreme Court.

^^ Patton was appointed by Governor Hodges on August 21, 1956, to replace
Rodman. He was elected in the general elections in 1956 and served until his
resignation effective April 15, 1958.

^^ Seawell was appointed by Governor Hodges on April 15, 1958, to replace Patton.
He was elected in the general elections in 1958 to complete Patton s unexpired
term and ser\^ed until his resignation effective February 29, 1960.

^^ Bruton was appointed by Governor Hodges on Februar)' 27, 1960 (to take office
March 1) to replace Seawell. He was elected in the general elections m 1960.

^"^ Morgan resigned August 26, 1974, to run for United States Senator.

^^ Carson was appointed by Governor Holshouser on August 26 to replace Morgan.

^^ Edmisten defeated Carson m a 1974 special election to complete Morgans term.
He was elected to a full term in 1976 and served following subsequent re-elections
until 1985.

^^ Thornburg was elected in the general elections in 1984.

^^ Easley was elected m the general elections of 1992 and re-elected in the 1996
elections.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

The Civil War dc\'astated Norih Carolina s economy. Agriculture, ihe mainstay
of the states slightly more than one million people, was severely stricken. Crop
C[uality tended to be poor and market prices low. A system of farm tenancy developed
leading to smaller farms and decreased efficiency

In an effort to fight these and other problems, farmers joined such organizations
as the Patrons of Husbandry (the Grange) and the Farmers' Alliance. These populist
groups gave farmers a united political voice, but were unable to solve many of the
problems plaguing the states agricultural economy The solution for the majority of
farmers was to establish a state government agriculture department. As early as
1860, Governor John E. Ellis had urged the General Assembly to set up a Board of
Agriculture. Their attention instead riveted to the oncoming war, legislators ignored
the request.

The foundation for establishment of an agriculture department was laid in 1868
when North Carolinians approved a new state constitution. The constitution
provided: 'There shall be established m the Office of the Secretary of State a Bureau
of Statistics, Agriculture, and Immigration under such regulations as the General
Assembly may provide." The new agency did not provide for the real needs of
agriculture, however, and failed to wm the favor of farmers who still wanted an
independent department.

Farmers' pleas did not fall on deaf ears. In 1875 at a constitutional convention,
delegates approved a petition calling upon the General Assembly to "establish a
Department of Agriculture, Immigration, and Statistics under such regulations as
may best promote the agricultural interests of the State and shall enact laws for the
adequate protection and encouragement of sheep husbandry." In March, 1877, a
bill establishing such a department was introduced in the General Assembly and
passed. The original law established a Board of Agriculture to supervise the North
Carolina Department of Agricultures (NCDA) activities. One of the boards ftrst
tasks was to select a commissioner to act as the departments administrative head.

Colonel Leonidas LaFayette Polk of Anson County, a Civil War hero who had
also been instrumental m the departments establishment, was named the hrst
Commissioner of Agriculture. For a $2,000 a year salary, Polk was charged to carry
out the following:

Find a means of improving sheep husbandry and curb high mortality
rates caused by dogs.

Seek the causes of diseases among domestic animals, quarantine sick
stock, and regulate transportation of all animals.

Seek to check insect ravages.

Foster new crops suited to various soils of the state.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Collect statistics on fences in North Carolina with the object of altering
the system in use.

Work with the United States Fish Commission in the protection and
propagation of fish.

Send a report to the General Assembly each session.

Seek cooperation of other states on such matters as obstruction of fish in
interstate waters.

Make rules regulating the sale of feeds and fertilizers.

In addition, the department was to establish a chemical laboratory at the
University of North Carolina for testing fertilizers and to work with the U.S.
Geological Survey in studying and analyzing natural resources.

The NCDAs first official home was the second story of the Briggs Building on
Fayetteville Street in downtown Raleigh. Other department employees were located
at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Chapel Hill and in other Raleigh office
buildings.

The Board of Agriculture decided to bring all the divisions of the department
together in 1881 and bought the National Hotel for $13,000. The hotel was on
Edenton Street, the present site of the Agriculture Building. The building was later
enlarged and remained the NCD/& home until 1923, when the Edenton and Hahfax
streets parts of the building were demolished and the present neo-classic building
erected. A five-story annex was added to the main building in 1954 to provide new
quarters for the Natural History Museum and space for laboratories and offices.

Through the decades, the NCDA has expanded its services and responsibilities
to meet agricultures needs. The department now has 1,500 employees and 17
divisions. It enforces rules and regulations that protect people, farming and the
environment.

The position of Commissioner of Agriculture became an elected office in 1899.
Samuel L. Patterson of Caldwell County, who had served earlier by board
appointment, became the first elected commissioner. The current commissioner,
James A. Graham of Cleveland (Rowan County), has served since 1964.

The state Board of Agriculture is still the policy-making body of the department.
It has 10 members, with the Commissioner of Agriculture serving as ex-ofhcio
chair. The departments name was modified in 1997 to include "and Consumer
Services" in order to better reflect the modern role of the agency

Agriculture is North Carolina's No. 1 industry, generating more than $5 billion in
revenues annually One out of every five jobs in North Carolina is agriculturally-
related. Twenty-eight percent of the gross state product comes from agriculture.

North Carolina is the third most agriculturally diverse state in the nation and
ranks first in the production of sweet potatoes, tobacco and turkeys. It ranks second

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

nationwide in hogs, cucumbers for pickles, trout, poultr)^ and egg products; fourth
in commercial broilers, peanuts, blueberries, and lye; sixth in hurley tobacco; seventh
in apples and greenhouse and nursery sales; eighth in strawberries, peaches and
watermelons; ninth in eggs; and tenth in cotton. Following are the various divisions
of the N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Semces and the services they
offer:

Agricultural Statistics Division

Even though the N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Ser\'ices' original
title included "statistics," the intent was mainly to collect statistics relating to farm
fences. Commissioner Polk did try sending forms to farmers asking them to list
their taxable assets and their crop production. Most forms, though, were never
returned and the few that came m were, for the most part, incomplete.

By 1887, it was apparent to Commissioner John Robinson that a statistical
service was needed. In that years Biennial Report he wrote: 'The means of acquiring
statistical information are veiy inadequate. Such information is one of the necessities
of the times. There are frequent calls upon this office for such statistics, the applicants
thinking that we had the information for distribution, and they were warranted in
expecting to hnd correct information m regard to agricultural products in this office."

In 1916, Frank Parker, a representative of the Federal Crop Reporting Service,
began statistical work in cooperation with the NCDA & CS. Three years later, he
moved his office to the Agriculture Building and became the hrst director of the
Agricultural Statistics Division. The Farm Census began on a voluntary basis in
1918. It became state law in 1921. The Agricultural Statistics Division maintains
county, state and federal crop and livestock statistics and rankings. It also assesses
weather-related agricultural losses, such as those sustained through drought and
floods.

Agronomic Services Division

The North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
demonstrated an interest m soils from its earliest years. N4uch of the soil work was
conducted by the Oftice of the State Chemist. This ofhce worked with the U.S.
Bureau oi Soils m surveying the soils of each county and collecting samples for
analysis. In addition to chemical analysis, the office set up plot tests on each important
soil type m the state. These plots demonstrated the benefits of various types of
fertilizers and crop rotation.

It was 1938, however, before the General Assembly established a Soil Testing
Division m the department. The division was set up to accept soil samples from
growers and homeowners statewide for analysis and to furnish them with
information on fertilizer needs. Seventy thousand tests were made on approximately
6,500 soil samples the first year.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The dmsion now analyzes more than 250,000 samples a year for nutrients and
nematodes. In 1993, nearly 3.2 million determinations were made from soil, plant,
waste, solution and nematode samples. Soil management recommendations are
made to improve crop production efficiency while also protecting the environment.
Regional agronomists help growers solve field problems and carry out
recommendations in the most effective way The General Assembly appropriated
$7.5 million in 1992 to build a new agronomic laboratory in Raleigh for soil and
waste testing. The 33,000 square-foot facility opened in May, 1994.

Food and Drug Protection Division

Under the first elected commissioner, Samuel L. Patterson, the department took
on more regulatory duties. One of these was administration of the Pure Food Law,
which the General Assembly passed in 1899. The law was intended to prevent
adulteration and mislabeling of food and drink for both humans and animals. A
statewide study in 1900 revealed that 50 percent of canned vegetables were adulterated
with harmful preservatives. With the enforcement of the Pure Food Law, however,
the percentage of adulteration dropped to 17 percent in four years.

Cattle and stock feeds were also inspected and found to be of a low grade. A
few even contained poisonous substances. The departments first statewide analysis
showed a large amount of worthless material used in stock feeds as filler.

In the 1940s pesticides began to appear in large numbers and in broader
effectiveness. Various weed and grass killers, defoliating chemicals, chemicals to
control the premature falling of fruits, and new and more powerful insect and rodent
controlling chemicals added to the agricultural insecticides and fungicides already
on the market in North Carolina. It was obvious these products needed special
attention to assure reasonable effectiveness, safety and product quality. The General
Assembly responded by passing the Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of
1947. Under this law, the NCDA & CS was charged with the registration of all
pesticide brands to prevent mislabeling and adulteration. Examinations were made
of pesticide labels to ensure that the percentage of each active ingredient and total
inert matter were indicated and that other label statements were acceptable. In 1953,
the department began hcensing contractors and pilots for aerial application of
pesticides.

The Pesticide Law, passed in 1971, gave the NCDA & CS authority to license
pesticide applicators, dealers and consultants. It also allowed the Food and Drug
Protection Division to collect samples and conduct inspections at all levels of
pesticide production, sales and use. The 1971 law also provided for a seven-member
Pesticide Board which acts as a policy-making body

The Food and Drug Protection Division assures consumers that foods, feeds,
drugs, cosmetics, pesticides and automotive antifreezes are safe, wholesome and
labeled properly During 1992, the division collected and tested 45,000 samples of

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commodities subject to the N.C. Food and Drug Law. Two hundred thousand
analyzes were performed on those samples.

Food Distribution Division

In 1944, the department began a cooperative effort with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) to receive and distribute surplus agricultural commodities. Such
commodities as evaporated milk, potatoes, beets, eggs and grapefruit juice were
sent to public schools for supplementing meals. Not only did schools benefit from
serving low cost meals, but the program helped hold agricultural prices at or above
levels acceptable to producers.

Food Distribution provides 14 cents per plate in value in USDA commodities
to 700,000 school children each day. It received, stored and distributed $29.5
million worth of USDA commodities in 1994 to ehgible recipients. Food is allocated
to schools, needy families, soup kitchens, food banks, the elderly and charitable
institutions.

In May, 1992, the division moved its administrative ofhces from the Agriculture
Building in Raleigh to Butner. The new ofhces are larger and will save in operational
cost. The division has warehouses in Butner and Salisbury for storage and
distribution.

Marketing Division

Initially called the Division of Cooperative Marketing when it was established
in 1913, the Marketing Division s early work involved compiUng Usts of farm product
dealers and finding markets for North Carolina sweet potatoes, butter and apples.
A market news service was launched for cotton and cottonseed. Several years later
the division began helping local farmers organize into cooperative marketing
organizations. A popular project initiated m the early 1900s was pubhcation of the
Farmers Market Bulletin, later called Market News. The publication had articles on
marketing conditions of certain crops as well as agricultural items tor sale.

The Marketing Division continues to promote the sale of North Carolina
products domestically and abroad. Staff work to develop and expand markets, report
farm market prices on major commodities and determine and certify official grades
of farm products produced for sale throughout the state. The division organizes
special livestock sales, such as the Junior Livestock Show at the N.C. State Fair. It
pro\ides marketing advice and assistance, and arranges buyer-seller contacts, such
as the "Flavors of Carolina" food product shows. The "Goodness Grows m North
Carolina" marketing program, which identihes Tar Heel products to consumers,
has met with wide success and support.

Other division responsibilities include operation of regional farmers markets
in Asheville, Charlotte, Greensboro and Raleigh. A hfth market opened in Lumberton
in 1999. The division has regional fruit and vegetable marketing offices in Elizabeth

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

City, Kinston and Roseboro. The dmsion also administers the N.C. Egg Law and
the Farm Products Marketing and Branding Law.

Plant Industry Division

Among the original duties given to the department were "investigations relative
to the ravages of insects." Up until the late 1880s, however, department reports
declared a "remarkable exemption of the crops of the State" from insect pests. The
situation changed considerably around 1900 when pests such as the San Jose Scale,
which attacked the states fruit orchards, began to move in. The San Jose Scale was
called the "worst enemy of the deciduous fruits."

The NCDA & CS responded to the crisis by hiring an entomologist to work in
conjunction with the already-existing Commission for the Control of Crop Pests.
An inspection program was launched, including nursery inspections. Nurseries
found to have no pest problems were certified as pest-free. Another task of the
entomologists office was the establishment of an insect collection. The collection
documented specimens of every type of insect found in the state and served as a
useful tool in identifying pests for the public.

In 1916, the NCDA & CS established a honey and bee program. The legislature
authorized the division to mvestigate bee diseases and ways to improve the industry.

The Plant Industry Divisions duties and responsibiUties have expanded to
mclude the total area of plant protection. Programs dealing with insects, weeds and
diseases have become more sophisticated and incorporate such tools as integrated
pest management and biological pest control.

Staff examme fertilizer and seed for accurate labeling and product quality Tall
fescue is tested for tall fescue endophyte infection. The division administers plant
pest laws, regulations that mandate programs to deal with pests such as the gypsy
moth, sweet potato weevil and witchweed. The NCDA & CS inspects all plants
shipped within the state and performs some inspections for interstate shipment
under a cooperative arrangement vvdth the federal government. It also administers
the Plant Conservation Program, inspects plant nurseries and honey bees and
oversees permitting of field releases of genetically-engineered organisms.

The Boll Weevil Eradication Program has proven to be one of the divisions
most successful programs. The boll weevil had decimated the state's cotton crop
prior to program implementation m the early 1980s. Cotton acreage had plummeted
to 45,000 acres statewide in 1978. The eradication program centered on trapping
the pest in cotton fields. North Carolina was declared weevil-free in March, 1987.
Harvested acreage reached a high of 486,000 acres in 1994 as cotton prices and
demand increased.

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Public Affairs Division

The need for communication between the NCDA & CS and the public it sen'ed
was evident h'om the departments beginning, hi 1877, Commissioner Polk started
a weekly farm paper called The Farmer and Mechanic. This paper eventually became
independent and was replaced by The Bulletin of the N.C. Department of Agriculture.
The Bulletins initial purpose was to inform farmers of fertilizer analysis so they
could judge their money value. Soon, though, The Bulletin expanded into all areas
of agricultural production. It became necessary to hire a bulletin superintendent.

In 1914, an information ofhce was established to coordinate a news ser\ace for
the NCDA & CS and the N.C. State Agricultural & Engineering College (N.C. State
Uni\-ersity). This arrangement ended m 1925 when the Agricultural Extension
SeiTice, which had been a joint program oi the department and college, was moved
entirely to the college. The division then began pubUshing the Agricultural Review,
a semi-monthly paper. The Re\aew is now published once a month and has more
than 70,000 subscribers.

Public Affairs has beconre the public relations liaison between the public, the
media and the department. The division manages public relations for the N.C. State
Fair and coordinates enshrinement ceremonies for the N.C. Agricultural Hall of
Fame. Duision personnel also write speeches and news releases.

Research Stations

Created m 1877 by the same act that created the NCDA & CS, the Experiment
Station in Chapel Hill was the first such center devoted agricultural research in the
South and only the second m the entire nation. It was directed to conduct experiments
on plant nutrition and growth, ascertain which fertilizers were best suited to specihc
crops and conduct needed investigations on other agricultural topics.

The initial movement to establish held testing stations began in 1885 when the
General Assembly directed the Board of Agriculture to secure prices on lands and
machinery The board obtained 35 acres on the north side of Hillsborough Street in
Raleigh, and the job of clearing land, laying out test plots and constructing buildings
began. The station was transferred from the NCDA & CS to the newly-created N.C.
College of Agricultural and Mechanical Arts (later N.C. State University) in 1889.
The federal Hatch Act, which had provided $15,000 to each state for agricultural
research, had specified that the money be directed to the land grant college. In
establishing the A&M College, the General Assembly had provided that the college
would receive all land-grant benehts.

While the NCDA & CS maintained its associations with the station, it shifted its
own efforts to establishing test famis in \'anous locations statewide. The purpose was
to expenmcnt with different crop-fertilizer-soil combinations to find the most suitable
for certain areas. The first two research stations were m Edgecombe and Robeson counties.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Today, 15 stations are conducting research on farming practices, livestock, poultry
and crops. The stations are m Whiteville, Clayton, Castle Hayne, Clinton, Kinston,
Fletcher, Waynesville, Oxford, Lewiston, Salisbury Jackson Springs, Plymouth,
Rocky Mount, Laurel Springs and Reidsville. The N.C. Department of Agriculture
and Consumer Services and N.C. State University operate the stations cooperatively
The NCDA & CS owns nine stations and provides administrative support. NCSU
owns the other six and provides scientists for various research projects.

Three state farms are also being run jointly The farms, located in Butner, Kinston
and Goldsboro, are used for research, teaching and demonstration purposes. The
Center for Environmental Farming Systems at Cherry Farm m Goldsboro was
dedicated in February 1994. Organic, no-till optimized yields and sustainable
agriculture methods are studied at the 2,300-acre farm.

Standards Division

The first laws relating to petroleum products were passed in 1903, at which
time heating oil — kerosene — was being used primarily for lighting. Some of this
product contained such large amounts of sulphur that it was found to be a health
hazard. It also caused various fabrics and other materials to deteriorate.

By 1917, the department was also given responsibiUty to enforce the gasoline
law. This law applied to gasoline and other hquids used for heating or power
purposes. When the program began, many companies were trying to sell low grades
of gasoline for the same price as higher grades. The Standards Division today has
one of the country's best gasoline and oil inspection programs. Motor fuels are
tested for compliance with quality specifications and gasoUne pumps are tested for
octane levels and accuracy. Liquid petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia
installations are checked for compliance uith safety codes.

The Standards Division is responsible for testing commercial weighing and
measuring devices, such as scales, to ensure accuracy Bar code scanners, such as
those employed in retail stores, are also checked. The division is also responsible
for providing precision mass, volume, temperature and length standard calibrations.

North Carolina State Fair

The State Agricultural Society sponsored the first State Fair, which was held in
November, 1853, about 10 blocks east of the Capitol. In 1873, the fair was moved
to a 53-acre lot on Hillsboro Road near the present Raleigh Little Theatre. The
society spent about $50,000 to develop the grounds. In all, the Agricultural Society
sponsored the fair for 73 years, with interruptions during the Civil War and
Reconstruction. Among the fair's most famous guests during the era were Theodore
Roosevelt in 1905 and William Jennings Bryan in 1907.

The State Agricultural Society asked the city and state for help in 1924. A State
Fair Board was appointed and in a few years the fair was moved to its present site

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

on the west side of Raleigh. In 1930, the State Fair was placed under the NCDA &
CSs administration. For a tew years the department leased out the operation
commercially, but in 1937, Commissioner Kerr Scott decided that the NCDA & CS
should manage the fair directly Dr. J. S. Dorton was chosen as manager and the fair
hrst began to show profits.

The State Fair has become North Carolina's biggest event, attracting about
750,000 people to the 10-day extravaganza each October. Feature attractions include
livestock and horse shows, crafts, carnival food, free concerts, thrilling rides, contests
and much more. The James E. Strates Shows' midway has been a regular feature at
the fair since 1948.

The fairgrounds operate year-round. The 344-acre site has eight different buildings
and 50 permanent employees. A variety of events — including the Dixie Deer Classic,
Southern Farm Show and horse shows — are held m the buildings.

Structural Pest Control Dixision

Public concern tor the unethical practices of some exterminators led to the General
Assembly's enactment of the N.C. Structural Pest Control Law in 1955. The law-
was intended to protect consumers, the environment and the good name of the
structural pest control industry. The law created a policy-making board, the N.C.
Structural Pest Control Commission, and gave the NCDA & CS responsibility for
inspecting extermination work.

In 1967, the law was revised, abolishing the commission and creating a Structural
Pest Control Division in the NCDA & CS. The di\asion, which oversees applicator
licensing and compliance, was given the responsibility of administering the law
under the Commissioner of Agriculture. A Structural Pest Control Committee was
established to make necessar}' rules and regulations and to hold hearings related to
law violations.

Veterinary Division

Even though the original act establishing the NCDA «& CS called for animal
health protection, it was 1898 before a state veterinarian was appointed. Chosen
for the position was Dr. Cooper Curtice of Columbia 'Veterinary College. Dr. Curtice
launched an investigation of the cattle tick and was able to show that the parasite
was a carrier of Texas fever. Not only was this the first step toward eradication of the
fever; it was also the hrst time anyone had proven that parasites are capable of
transmitting disease in mammals. Curtice's work set the pattern for similar
investigations into human diseases.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Another threat to Uvestock at the time the veterinary program began was hog
cholera, which had hrst been reported in the state in 1859. By 1877, it was killing
one out of every nine hogs each year. Containing and eradicating the disease took
many years of effort by the Veterinary Divisions staff.

In the early days, the state veterinarian was not only concerned with animal
protection, but also with livestock promotion. The idea was that more livestock
would improve soil fertiUty and better livestock would increase profit. Eventually
this responsibility was given to the NCDA & CSs Marketing Division.

In 1925, the department was charged with supervising slaughtering and meat-
packing establishments in North Carolina. This service was not compulsory at that
time, but it did enable any establishment that chose to use it to sell anywhere
within the state without further inspection by a city or town.

The Veterinary Division is authorized to inspect livestock markets to see that
animals have received proper tests and vaccinations and to insure that sick animals
are not offered for sale. Nine animal disease diagnostic laboratories have been set
up across the state to serve farmers, practicing veterinarians, animal health personnel
and pet owners. Meat and poultry facility inspections have become compulsory
The division has been instrumental in combating various livestock diseases,
including pseudorabies in swine, equine infectious anemia in horses and
tuberculosis in cattle.

Other Divisions

Other divisions of the NCDA & CS coordinate the department's administration,
fiscal management and personnel functions. The Administration Division includes
offices of the Commissioner of Agriculture, deputy and assistant commissioners
and a small farms and agriculture policy advisory. Also included are the divisions
of Public Affairs and Aquaculture and Natural Resources.

The Aquaculture and Natural Resources Division was established in January,
1990. It provides assistance in matters of aquaculture, environmental regulation
and natural resource management. The aquaculture industry involves the commercial
production of rainbow trout, crawfish, hybrid striped bass, catfish and clams.

Fiscal Management is responsible for the NCDA & CS's business affairs,
including preparation and management of operating and capital improvement
budgets, accounting, purchasing, auditing, property management and collections
of assessment reviews for commodity associations. It also manages the N.C. Rural
Rehabilitation Corp., which was transferred to the NCDA & CS in 1971. The

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Personnel Division is responsible for providing support to the NCDA & CS's
divisions in the areas of personnel administration including recruitment, interviewing
and placement, personnel records management, policy development and
more, Agriculture-Related Boards and Commissions

Aquaculturc Advisory Board

Board of Crop Seed Improvement

N.C. Public Livestock Market Advisory Board

Pesticide Advisory Committee

N.C. Grape Growers Council

Northeastern N.C. Farmers Market Advisory Board

Southeastern N.C. Farmers Market Commission

Southeastern N.C. Farmers Market Advisory Board

Grading Service Advisory Committee

Tobacco Research Commission

For further information about the N.C. Department of Agriculture, call (919)
733-7125 or visit the departments Web site at wwwagr.state.nc.us.

Meg Scott Phipps

Commissioner of Agriculture

Early Years

Born m Haw River, Alamance County, February 18,
1956, to Governor Bob Scott and Jesse Rae Scott.

Educational Background

B.A. m History, Wake Forest University, 1978; J.D.,
Campbell University School oi Law, 1981; Master of
Laws, Ag. Law, University of Arkansas, 1983.

Professional Background

Commissioner of Agriculture., 2001 -Present

Personal Information

Married, Robert Phipps, Jr.; Two children. Member, Hawhelds Presbyterian Church.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Commissioners of Agriculture^

Name

Leonidas L. Polk-
Montford McGhee^
John Robinson"^
Samuel L. Patterson^
James M. Newborne''
John R. Smith^
Samuel L. Patterson^
William A. Graham*^
William A. Graham, Jr.^^^
William Kerr Scott ^'
David S. Coltrane^^
Lynton Y. Ballentine'^
James A. Graham''*
Meg Scott Phipps

Residence

Anson

Caswell

Anson

Caldwell

Lenoir

Wayne

Caldwell

Lincoln

Alamance

Wake

Rowan

Alamance

Term

1877-

1880-

1887-

1895-

1897

1897-

1899-

1908-

1923-

1937-

1948-

1949-

1964-

2001-

1880
1887
1895
1897

1899
1908
1923
1937
1948
1949
■1964
■2000
Present

^ The Department of Agriculture was created by the General Assembly of 1876-77.
In the bill creating the department, provisions were made for a Board of Agriculture
whose members were to be appointed by the governor. The boards membership
was then to elect a Commissioner of Agriculture, who would serve as head of the
department. This arrangement continued until 1900, when the commissioner
was elected by the General Assembly. In the General Assembly of 1899, a bill
was passed which provided for the electing of the Commissioner of Agriculture
in the general elections.

^ Polk was chosen by the Board of Agriculture on April 2, 1877, and served until
his apparent resignation m 1880.

^ McGhee was apparently chosen by the Board of Agriculture to replace Polk and
served until 1887.

'^ Robinson was elected by the Board of Agriculture on April 22, 1887, and seiTed
following subsequent re-elections by the board until 1895.

^ Patterson was elected by the Board of Agriculture on June 13, 1895.

^ Mewborne was elected by the Board on March 23, 1897, (to take office June 15,
1897) and served until his resignation effective January 1, 1898.

^ Smith was elected by the board on December 14, 1897 ,(to take office January 1,
1899) to complete the term of Mewborne.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

1 1

1 ^

1 4

Patterson was elected by the General Assembly on March 6, 1899. He was elected
in the general elections in 1900 and served following re-election in 1904 until
his death on September 14, 1908.

Graham was appointed by Governor Glenn on September 16, 1908, to replace
Patterson. He was elected in the general elections in 1908 and sei"ved following
subsequent re-elections until his death on December 24, 1923.

William A. Graham, Jr. was appointed by Governor Morrison on December 26,
1923, to replace his father. He was elected m the general elections in 1924.

Scott was elected in the general elections in 1936 and sensed following subsequent
re-elections until his resignation in February, 1948.

Coltrane was appointed by Governor Cherry on February 14, 1948, to replace
Scott. He was elected m the general elections m 1948 to complete Scott s unexpired
term.

Ballentine was elected in the general elections in 1948 and served following
subsequent re-elections until his death on July 19, 1964.

Graham was appointed by Governor Sanford on July 30, 1964 to replace
Ballentine. He was elected m general elections m 1964 and retired in 2000.

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Department of Labor

The Constitution of North CaroUna provides for the election by the people
every four years of a Commissioner of Labor whose term of office runs concurrently
with that of the governor. The commissioner is the administrative head of the
Department of Labor and also serves as a member of the Council of State.

The original "Bureau of Labor Statistics," the historical precursor of the present
N.C. Department of Labor, was created by the General Assembly of 1887, with
provision for appointment by the governor of a "Commissioner of Labor Statistics"
for a two-year term. In 1899 another act was passed providing that the commissioner,
beginning with the general election of 1900, be elected by the people for a four-year
term.

For three decades, the department over which this newly-elected commissioner
presided remained a very small agency of state government with limited duties and
personnel. In 1925, the department employed a total of 15 people. In a general
reorganization of the states labor administration functions m 1931, the General
Assembly laid the broad groundwork for the Department of Labors subsequent,
gradual development into an agency administering laws and programs affecting a
majority of North Carolina citizens.

Today, the North Carolina Department of Labor is charged by statute with
promoting the "health, safety and general well-being" of the states more than three
million working people. The many laws and programs under its jurisdiction affect
virtually every person in the state in one way or another. The General Statutes pro\ide
the commissioner with broad regulatory and enforcement powers with which to
carry out the department's duties and responsibiUties to the people.

The departments principal regulatory, enforcement and promotional programs
are carried out by 1 1 bureaus, each headed by a bureau chief. These include the
Apprenticeship and Training Bureau; the Boiler Safety Bureau; the Elevator and
Amusement Device Bureau; the Labor Standards Bureau; the Mine and Quarry Bureau;
the Occupational Safety and Health Division (OSH), which contains five different
bureaus; and the Training Initiatives Bureau. Support services are handled by the
Budget and Management, Human Resources and Communications
divisions, Research and Policy along with the Information Technology and
Publications bureaus, the departmental library and the legal affairs office.

Five statutory boards assist the commissioner with policy development and
program planning. These are the Apprenticeship Council; the N.C. Board of Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Rules; the Mine Safety and Health Advisory Council; the State
Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health; and the Private Personnel
Service Ad\isory Council.

The Occupational Safety and Health Review Board is a separate unit independent
I of the Department of Labor. The board hears appeals of citations and penalties

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

imposed by the OSH Division. Us members are appointed by the governor. The
Department of Labors major bureaus and then' regulatory functions include;

Apprenticeship and Training Bureau

The Apprenticeship and Training Bureau promotes and monitors a broad range
of apprenticeship programs designed to train journeyman-level craftworkers to meet
the demands of industries for high-skilled workers.

By 2001, over 10,000 citizens were sen^d by this voluntary system of employee
training that combines on-the-job training and related instruction to form a quality
training system for employers throughout the state. The apprentice learning a trade
is taught b)' a skilled journeyman.

This bureau encourages high school graduates to pursue apprenticeship training
as a means of acquiring steady, fulfilling employment that offers excellent wages
and career-development potential. Apprentices begin at a fixed percentage of
journeyman pay and receive planned wage increases as they learn new skills.
Apprenticeships combine structured on-the-job training with related technical
training furnished by the indi\'idual employer or at a local community college or
technical institute.

The bureau administers the National Apprenticeship Act ot 1937 in North
Carolina. This federal law established uniform standards for quality training under
approved apprenticeship agreements. The bureau establishes standards, approves
apprenticeship programs which meet established criteria, serves as a records
depository and issues completion certificates to citizens who complete apprenticeship
training.

Boiler Safety

The Boiler Safety Bureau enforces North Carolina's Uniform Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Act. This 1976 law expanded coverage of earlier statutes that had existed
since 1935. The bureau regulates the construction, installation, repair, alteration,
inspection and use of pressure equipment subject to the law. The bureau conducts
periodic inspections of equipment under its jurisdiction and monitors inspection
reports by certified insurance company inspectors. The bureau maintains records
concerning the ownership, location and condition of pressure equipment being
operated and issues inspection certificates to boiler owners and operators whose
eciuipment is found to be m compliance with the act. More than 95,000 boilers and
pressure vessels are currently on record with the division.

Elevators and Amusement Devices

The Elevator and Amusement Devices Bureau is responsible for the proper
installation and safe operation of all elevators, escalators, workman's hoists,
dumbwaiters, moving walks, aerial passenger tramways, amusement rides, incline

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

railways and lifting devices for people with disabilities that operate in public
establishments, except federal buildings and private residences.

More than 28,000 inspections are conducted annually by this bureau, which
first undertook its periodic safety code inspection program in 1938. It now operates
under a law passed by the General Assembly in 1986. Any company or persons
wanting to erect any equipment under this bureau's jurisdiction (except amusement
rides) must submit blueprints and applications for approval before any installation
is begun. Any company or person wanting to operate amusement devices is required
to submit a location notice in writing to the bureaus Raleigh office at least five (5)
days prior to the intended date of operation.

Once notified through the permit application or location notice processes, the
bureau will issue an installation permit which must be posted on the job site. All
new installations, as well as all alterations to existing equipment, are inspected. In
addition, bureau personnel conduct regular, periodic inspections of all such operating
equipment in the state and inspect amusement rides before they operate at each
location.

Employers, institutions such as churches and private individuals who desire
technical assistance in selecting and installing safe lifting devices for persons with
disabilities can obtain information from the bureau. The bureau also offers architects
and builders a service that reviews plans for code compliance on proposed
installations of elevators and related equipment.

Employment Mediation

The Employment Mediation Bureau directs the departments efforts to resolve
conflicts between employees and management in the workplace. Created by the
General Assembly m 1941, the bureau seeks to broker voluntary amicable and
swifi settlements of disputes between employers and employees, disputes that
otherwise would likely result m strikes, work slowdowns or lockouts. The bureaus
services include:

Mediation: Upon application by both parties, the Commissioner of Labor will
assign a mediator to assist the parties in their collective bargaining process. This
effort is voluntary and does not bind the parties in any way legally

Conciliation: When there is an imminent or existing labor dispute, the
commissioner may assign a conciliator to help adjust and settle the differences
between the parties. The conciliation effort has no binding legal effect upon the
parties.

Arbitration: In 1927, North Carolina was one of the first states to enact a
Uniform Arbitration Act. The act establishes a formal procedure for voluntary binding
arbitration of questions in controversy between two or more parties. In 1945, the

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

General Assembly established an arbitration service administered by the
Commissioner ol Labor, who appoints and maintains a voluntary arbitration panel.

The panel is composed of highly qualified and experienced individuals who
have agreed to make themselves available to arbitrate controversies and grievances
relating primarily to wages, hours and other conditions of employment. Assignment
or selection of an arbitrator is made pursuant to provisions of a contract or voluntar)'
agreement between the parties. In the event the parties cannot agree on the selection
of an arbitrator, the N.C. Administrative Code authorizes the commissioner to
appoint an arbitrator.

Wage and Hour

The Wage and Hour Bureau is responsible for enforcement of the North Carolina
Wage and Hour Act, the Controlled Substance Examination Regulation Act, Private
Personnel Services Act and the Job Listing Services Act.

The Wage and Hour Act includes employee protection includes employee
protections for minimum wage and overtime payments, payment of amounts
promised where not required by law, youth employment and record-keeping. The
minimum wage, o\-ertime and youth emplo)Trient provisions generally parallel the
federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and apply to all businesses whose annual
dollar volume is less than $500,000. The Act requires all businesses, except public
sector employers, to pay promised wages including vacation, sick leave, holiday
pay, and rates of pay above the statutory minimum m accordance with employer
policies or practices. The states minimum wage rate is $5.15 per hour and increases
with changes m the federal minimum wage. Overtime is based on hours actually
worked in a workweek and is generally paid for hours m excess ot 40. Some
exemptions and alternate methods of calculation are allowed. Written notification
of promised wage amounts, including changes, is required. Youth employment
certihcates are required for all youth under the age of 18; restrictions on hours of
work and occupations apply to youth under 18. Some exemptions are allowed for
public sector, domestic, and agricultural employers

The Controlled Substance Examination Regulation Act establishes procedural
standards to be followed by employers who conduct drug testing of applicants and
employees. The Act does not include employee protections from adverse actions
by employers as a result of drug testing.

The Private Personnel Services and Job Listing Services Act establish license,
certihcation and notihcation requirements of agencies that hold themselves as
providing information or senaces leading to employment of an applicant.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Employment Discrimination

This bureau enforces the RetaUatory Employment Discrimination Act. This law
protects employees who in good faith file or initiate an inquiry in relation to workers
compensation claims, or exercise their rights under the state's Occupational Safety
and Health Act, the Mine Safety and Health Act, the Wage and Hour Act, service in
the National Guard, genetic testing, possessing the sickle cell trait or hemoglobin C
trait or participation m the Juvenile Justice System.

Investigators from this bureau impartially examine all written complaints filed
with the department under the act. If a complaint does not have merit, a right-to-
sue letter is issued to the complainant, who may then pursue the claim through
litigation. If the complaint is found to be vaUd by the bureau, the department attempts
conciliation through informal means prior to issuing a right-to-sue letter or taking
the complaint to court. In addition to its other duties, the bureau investigates worker
complaints and collects back wages due employees.

Mines and Quarries

The Mine and Quarry Bureau enforces the 1975 Mine Safety and Health Act of
North Carolina and conducts a broad program of inspections, education and training,
technical assistance and consultations to implement provisions of the act.

Previous North Carolina law on the operations and inspection of mines and
quarries in the state dates back to 1897. In 1977 the U.S. Congress enacted the
federal Mine Safety and Health Act, requiring mine and quarr)' operators to meet
specific standards designed to achieve safe and healthful working conditions for
the industry's employees.

The Mine and Quarry Bureau assists operators in complying vvdth the provisions
of the federal act, which requires them to train their employees in safe working
procedures. Some 460 private sector mines, quarries, and sand and gravel pit
operations employing more than 4,500 citizens are under the division's jurisdiction.
There also are approximately 300 public sector mines in North Carolina operated
by the N.C. Department of Transportation. These mines are not under Department
of Labor jurisdiction, but personnel from public sector mines do participate in
training programs conducted by the Mine and Quarry Bureau.

Occupational Safety and Health

The Occupational Safety and Health Division administers and enforces the 1973
Occupational Safety and Health Act of North Carolina, a broadly-inclusive law which
applies to most private sector employment in the state and to all agencies of state
and local government.

North Carolina currently conducts one of 26 state-administered OSHA programs
in the nation. The Occupational Safety and Health Division, through its Safety
Compliance and Health Compliance bureaus, conducts more than 3,000 inspections

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

a year. The division conducts investigations of complaints made by vvorkers,
investigations of work-related accidents and deaths, general schedule inspections
of randomly-selected firms and follow-up inspections of tirms previously cited for
OSHA violations. Inspection schedules are coordinated through the Planning,
Statistics and Information Management Bureau. Worker complaints about unsafe
or unhealthy working conditions should reported to the Occupational Safety and
Health Division in writing, by phone or on-line at the N.C. Labor web site.

In addition to enforcing state OSHA safety and health standards, the North
Carolina program offers free consultative services to the states 180,000 private
businesses and public employers under its jurisdiction through its Consultative
Ser\aces Bureau. The division also offers engineering, standards interpretation and
educational assistance through its Education, Training and Technical Assistance
Bureau. By making full use of these non-enforcement senices, employers may bring
their estabhshments into full compUance with OSHA standards. Employers may
contact the bureaus to receive free aid, including technical assistance or on-site
visits. Another feature ot the OSH Di\'ision includes recognizing organizations with
excellent safety and health performance through the Safety Award and Carolina Star
programs.

The North Carolina Occupational Safety and Health standards parallel federal
OSHA standards. North Carolina workplace safet)- standards may be stricter than
the federal standards, but they can not be less strict. Serious violations of OSHA
standards can result m monetar}^ fines. When issuing citations for non-conformance
with state standards, the division provides employers with dates by which the
violations must be abated.

The 1986 General Assembly enacted a law that requires housing provided to
migrant agricultural laborers to be registered with and inspected by the state.

Labor-Related Boards and Commissions

Apprenticeship Council

North Carolina Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Rules

Mine Safety and Health Advisory Council

Private Personnel Service Advisory Council

State Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health

For further information on the N.C. Department of Labor, call 1-800-LABOR-
NC or visit the departments Web site at: \\^\av. dol . state . nc . us .

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Cherie Killian Berry

Commissioner of Labor

Early Years

Born in Newton, Catawba County, on December 21,
1946, to Earl and Lena Carrigan Killian.

Educational Background

Graduated, Maiden High School, Maiden, 1965; Lenoir
Rhyne College, 1967; Gaston Community College,
1969; Oakland Community College, 1977.

Professional Background

Commissioner of Labor, 2001 -Present.

Political Activities

Commissioner of Labor, 2001-Present; Member, N.C. House of Representatives,
1993-2001.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Member, N.C. Economic Development Board; Eormer Co-Chair, Welfare
Reform Study Commission; Former Member; Joint Legislative Study Commission
on Job Training Programs.

Honors and Awards

1997 Friend of the Workmg People Award, N.C. State AFL-CIO; 1997 Chairman's
Award, N.C. Employment Security Commission; 1998 Guardian of Small Business
Award, National Federation of Independent Businesses.

Personal Information

Married to Norman H. Berry, Jr.

Commissioners of Lahor^

Name

Wesley N. Jones^
John C. Scarborough^
William 1. Harris"*
Benjamin R. Lacy'
James Y. Hamrick*^
Benjamin R. Lacy''
Henry B. Varner^
Mitchell L. Shipman
Franklin D. Grist

Residence

Term

Wake

1887-1889

Hertford

1889-1892

1892-1893

Wake

1893-1897

Cleveland

1897-1899

Wake

1899-1901

Davidson

1901-1909

Henderson

1909-1925

Caldwell

1925-1933

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Commissioners of Labor (continued)

Name Residence Term

Arthur L. Fletchef' Ashe 1933-1938

Forest H. Shuford'^' Guilford 1938-1954

Frank Crane '^ Union 1954-1973

William C. Creel'- Wake 1973-1975

Thomas A. Nye, Jr.'' Rowan 1975-1977

John C. Brooks'^ Wake 1977-1993

Harry E. Payne, Jr. '5 New Hanover 1993-2000

Cherie K. Beriy Catawba 2001 -Present

The General Assembly of 1887 created the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In the act
establishing this agency, provision was made for gubernatorial appointment of s>
commissioner to a two-year term. In 1899 the General Assembly passed anotheil
act that allowed the General Assembly to elect the next Commissioner of Laboij
during that session. The legislation also mandated that future commissioners bt
elected m the general elections - beginning in 1900 - for a four-year term. ,

Jones was appointed by Governor Scales on March 5, 1887, for a two-year term

Scarborough was appointed by Governor Fowle on February 15, 1889, for ;
two-year term. He was apparently re-appointed in 1891 and resigned m December
1892.

Harris was appointed by Governor Holt on December 20, 1892, to replac
Scarborough.

Lacy was appointed by Governor Carr on March 2, 1893, tor a two-year terrr
He was re-appointed on March 13, 1895.

Hamrick was appointed by Governor Russell on March 8, 1897 for a two-yes-
term.

Lacy was elected by the General Assembly on March 6, 1899. 1

Varner was elected in the general elections of 1900. \

Fletcher was elected m the general elections of 1932. He resigned effecti\
September 12, 1938.

Shuford was appointed by Governor Hoey on September 12, 1938, to replac
Fletcher. He was elected in the general elections of 1938 and served followir
subsequent re-elections until his death on May 19, 1954.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

^^ Crane was appointed by Governor Umstead on June 3, 1954, to replace Shuford.
He was elected in the general elections of 1954.

12 Creel died August 25, 1975.

1^ Governor Holshouser appointed Nye to fill Creels unexpired term.

'' Brooks was elected in 1976 and served through 1992.

■p Payne was elected in 1992 and began serving as commissioner on January 11,
1993. He was re-elected in 1996.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of Insurance

North Carolinas General Assembly established the N.C. Department of Insurance
on March 6, 1899. The departments legal mandate included licensing and regulating
insurance companies operating within the states borders. Prior to the formation of
the Department of Insurance, the N.C. Department of the Secretary of State had the
responsibility of regulating the states insurance industry.

The General Assembly itself selected the first Commissioner of Insurance, James
R. Young of Vance County The General Assembly authorized a referendum to amend
the states constitution in 1907 to provide for the election of the Commissioner of
Insurance by the vote of the people of North Carolina. Since then. Commissioners
of Insurance ha\'e been elected to four-year terms.

The Department of Insurance regulates the various kinds of insurance sold m
North CaroUna, as well as the companies and agencies that sell these pohcies. The
department:

Regulates the formation and operation of insurance companies in North
Carolina.

Enforces the minimum financial standards required by law for licensing
and continued operations of insurers.

Regulates the premium rates insurers charge their customers, the
language in the insurance policies they issue and their risk classification
systems.

Requires that insurers and agents make periodic financial disclosures.

Conducts audits of insurers to monitor their solvency.

Licenses and regulates agents, brokers and claim adjusters.

Prescribes and defines what kinds of insurance may be sold in North
Carolina.

Provides information to insurance consiuners about their rights and
responsibilities under the terms of their policies.

Prohibits unfair and deceptive trade practices by or among people in the
insurance industry.

The Department of Insurance also licenses and regulates bail bondsmen, motor
clubs, premium finance companies and collection agencies. The department pro\idc^
staff support to the North Carolina State Building Code Council, the Manufactured
Housing Board, the North Carolina Home Inspectors Licensure Board, the State Fn\
and Rescue Commission, the Public Officers' and Employees' Liability Insurance
Commission, the Arson Awareness Council and the Code Officials Qualifications
Board.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The department provides training for fire and rescue squad workers and
certification of fire departments for purposes of fire insurance ratings. The Department
of Insurance is divided into the following entities:

Administration Division

This division provides research for the Commissioner of Insurance when setting
policy and goals and priorities for the Department of Insurance. The division also
administers the departments budget and personnel operations.

Public Services Group

This group consists of four separate divisions. The Agents Services Division
regulates and issues licenses for insurance agents, adjusters, brokers and appraisers.
The division additionally reviews hcense applications and licensing examinations
and maintains a hie on every licensed insurance professional doing business in
North Carolina.

The Consumer Services Division assists North CaroHna consumers by answering
their insurance questions and resolving their insurance problems. A staff of consumer
specialists advises and acquaints consumers with courses of action they may pursue
to resolve their particular insurance problem.

The Investigations Division is responsible for investigating criminal violations
of North Carolina's insurance laws. Requests for investigations come from within
the department, consumers, law enforcement agencies, local, state and federal
agencies and insurance companies. The Investigations Division is also responsible
for hcensing and regulating insurance premium finance companies, professional
bail bondsmen and runners, collection agencies and motor clubs and investigating
all complaints invoKing these entities.

Company Services Group

The responsibilities of the Financial Evaluation Division are to monitor the
solvency of all insurance companies under the supervision of the Commissioner of
Insurance; to review and recommend for admission out-of-state, domestic and
surplus lines companies seeking to transact business in the state; lo examine and
audit domestic and foreign insurance organizations licensed in North Carolina;
and to ensure the financial solvency and employee stability of self-insured workers
compensation groups in the state.

The Actuarial Services Division assists in the review of rate, iorm and siaiistical
filings. In addition, this division provides actuarial studies for financial evaluation
work and is involved in special projects and studies.

The Information Systems Division manages the departments information
technology resources, including data processing, word processing, office automation,
data communications and voice communications.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Administrative Supervision Division closely monitors the hnancial condition
and operations of domestic insurance companies to determine whether a troubled
entity can be prevented from going into formal delinquency proceedings by returning
the insurer to sound financial condition and good business practices.

Technical Services Group

The Property and Casualty Division reviews homeowners, automobile, workers
compensation and other personal, commercial property or casualty insurance
policies, rates and rules.

The Life and Health Division reviews rate, rule and policy form filings made by
life and health msurance companies. The division also licenses third-party
administrators CTPAs) and regulates companies selling viatical settlements.

The Market Examinations Division conducts on-site examinations of the market
practices of domestic and foreign insurers and their representatives.

The Managed Care and Health Benehts Division monitors and regulates the
activities of health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider
organization (PPO) health plans and multiple employer welfare arrangements
(MEWAs). The divisions emphasis is on how the activities of these arrangements
affect North Carolina consumers. This regulation is carried out through on-site
examination of company operations and review of company information regarding
managed care.

The Seniors' Health Insurance Information Program has trained thousands of
adults in eveiy North Carolina county to counsel other older adults in the areas of
Medicare regulations. Medicare supplement insurance, long-term care insurance and
claims procedures.

Office of Gefteral Counsel

The Ofhce of General Counsel advises department personnel on legal matters
and acts as liaison to the Ofhce of Attorney General.

Office of the State Fire Marshall (OSFM)

The Office of the State Fire Marshall has six divisions carrying out the
commissioners responsibility as State Fire Marshall. The Engineering Division has
primary responsibility for administering the state building code. This division also
serves as staff to the North Carolina Building Code Council, the North Carolina
Code Officials Qualifications Board and the Home Inspectors Licensure Board. The
division is divided into seven sections: code consultation, electrical, mechanical,
modular, inspector certification, accessibility and code council. The division provides
code interpretations to city and county inspection officials, architects, engineers,
contractors, material suppliers and manufacturers, other state agencies, attorneys ?

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

and the general public, administers certification of code officials, reviews building
plans and inspects electrical systems m new or renovated state-owned buildings.

The Manufactured Building Division works to ensure that construction standards
for manufactured homes are maintained and that warranty obligations under state
law are met. This division monitors manufacturers' handling of consumer
complaints; licenses the makers of manufactured homes, dealers and set-up
contractors; and acts as staff for the North Carolina Manufactured Housing Board.

The State Property Fire Insurance Fund Division administers the self-insurance
fund for state-owned property and vehicles and assists local governments with
property and casualty insurance programs. The program also provides professional
liability coverage for law enforcement officers, public officials and employees of
any political subdivision of the state. The program provides staff, administration
and research services to the Public Officers and Employees Liability Insurance
Commission.

The Fire and Rescue Services Area, consisting of three divisions, administers
the Firemen's Relief Fund; develops and carries out training for fire departments
and rescue squads; provides staff to the Fire and Rescue Commission; and works
to improve fire and rescue protection m the state in association with the North
Carolina Firemen's Association and the North Carolina Association of Rescue Squads.

Insurance-Related Boards and Commissions
N.C. Building Code Council

N.C. Code Officials Qualification Board

N.C. Manufactured Housing Board

N.C. Home Inspections Licensure Board

N.C. Fire and Rescue Commission

N.C. Public Officers and Employees Liability Insurance Commission

N.C. Arson Awareness Council

For more information about the Department of Insurance's services, call
Consumer Services at (919) 733-2032 or Toll-free (800) 546-5664. You can also
visit the N.C. Department of Insurance's Web site at www.ncdoi.com/ncdoi.

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James Eugene Long

Commissioner of Insurance

Early Years

Born m Burlington, Alamance County, March
19, 1940, to George Attmore and Helen Brooks
Long.

Educational Background

Burlington City Schools; Graduate, Walter M.
Williams High School, 1958; North Carolina
State University, 1958-62; A.B., University of
North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 1963; Juris Doctor,
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School
of Law, 1966.

Professional Background

Attorney.

Political Activities

Insurance Commissioner and State Fire Marshal, 1985-present. Member, N.C. House
of Representatives, 1971-73 and 1975; represented Alamance County (as did his;
father and grandfather).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic and Community Service Organizations

Chair, N.C. Arson Awareness Council, 1985-present; Chair, N.C. Manufacturec
Housing Board, 1985-present; Member, N.C. Council of State.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. State Bar, 1966-present; BurUngton-Alamance Chamber of Commerce, 1968
74; Secretary and Director, N.C. Special Olympics, 1967-75 (helped start N.C
Special Olympics movement). '

Personal Information .

Married, Mary Margaret O'Connell. Two children. Seven grandchildren. f

Commissioners of Insurance^

Name Residence

James R. Young' Vance

Stacey W Wade^ Carteret

Daniel C. Boney"* Suny

William R Hodges^ Martin

Waldo C. Cheek'^ Moore

Charles E Gold' Rutherford

Edwin S. Lanier"^ Orange

John R. Ingram"* Randolph

James E. Long'^^ Alamance

Tcrni

1899-1921

1921-1927

1927-1942

1942-1949

1949-1953

1953-1962

1962-1973

1973-1985

1985-Preseni

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The General Assembly of 1899 created the Department of Insurance with
provisions that the first commissioner would be elected by the current General
Assembly with future commissioners appointed by the governor for a four-year
term. (PubHc Laws, 1899, Chapter 54.) In 1907, the General Assembly passed a
bill which provided for the election of the commissioner in the general elections,
beginning in 1908. (Public Laws, Chapter 868).

Young was elected by the General Assembly on March 6, 1899. He was appointed
by Governor Aycock in 1901 and served following re-appointment in 1905 until
1908 when he was elected in the general elections.

Wade was elected in the general elections of 1920 and served following re-election
in 1924 until his resignation on November 15, 1927.

Boney was appointed by Governor McLean on November 15, 1927, to replace
Wade. He was elected in the general elections of 1928 and served following
subsequent re-elections until his death on September 7, 1942.

Hodges was appointed by Governor Broughton on September 10, 1942, to replace
Boney He was elected in the general elections of 1944 and served following re-
election in 1948 until his resignation in June, 1949.

Cheek was appointed by Governor Scott on June 14, 1949, to replace Hodges.
He was elected in the general elections of 1950 to complete Hodges' unexpired
term. He was elected to a full term in 1952 and served until his resignation
effective October 15, 1953.

Gold was appointed by Governor Umstead on November 16, 1953, to replace
Cheek. He was elected in the general elections of 1954 to complete Cheeks
unexpired term. He was elected to a full term in 1956 and served following re-
election in 1960 until his death on June 28, 1962.

Lanier was appointed by Governor Sanford on July 5, 1962 to replace Gold.
Lanier was elected in the general elections of 1962 to complete Golds unexpired
term. He was elected to a full term m 1964 and served until he declined to run
for re-election in 1972.

Ingram was elected in 1972 and served until 1984.

' Long was elected in 1984 and was re-elected in 1988, 1992, 1996 and 2000.

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Department of Administration

The N.C. Department of Administration is often referred to as the "business
manager" of state government. Created in 1957, the department provides numerous
services for state government agencies. As the states business manager, the department
oversees such operations as building construction, purchasing and contracting for
goods and services, maintaining faciHties, managing state vehicles, poUcing the
State Government Complex, acquiring and disposing of real property and operating
auxiliar}' ser\'ices such as courier mail deliveiy and the sale of state and federal
surplus propert)'. The department offers other services, including public service
telecasts provided by the Agency for Public Telecommunications. The department
assists North Carolina's military veterans through the Division of Veterans Affairs.

In addition to its role as a senice provider to other state agencies, the Department
of Administration provides staff support to several councils and commissions which
advocate for the special needs of North Carolina's citizens. These programs include
the Governor's Advocacy Council for Persons with Disabilities, the N.C. Human
Relations Commission, the N.C. Commission of Indian Affairs, the Youth Advocacy
and Involvement Ofhce and the N.C. Council for Women. All of the advocacy
programs have an appointed council supported by a state staft.

The North Carolina Department of Administration was re-established by the
Executive Organization Act of 197 1 , to bring more efficient and effective management
to state government. Prior to the act's enactment, over 300 agencies reported directly
to the governor. Recognizing the difficulty of providing good management under
those conditions, state legislators re-created the Department of Administration. The
act called for the department to "ser\'e as a staff agency to the governor and to
provide for such ancillary seivices as other departments oi state government might
need to ensure efficient and efiective operations."

The North Carolina Department of Administration's mission is to provide high-
quality services effectively, efficiently and economically to its customers - the citizens,
agencies and communities of North Carolina. The department is committed to quality,
service, excellence, integrity.

The Department of Administration strives to serve as a role model of state
government, working to ensure that taxpayers' dollars are used wisely and that
good management is pervasive. The department's Human Resources Management
Office offers training to top-level managers m the skills they need to make their
agencies operate efficiently and effectively The department is led by the Secretary of
Administration, an appointee of the governor. There are several officers who report
directly to the secretary, including the Deputy Secretary for Government Operations,
The Deputy Secretaiy tor Internal Services and Programs, the General Counsel, the
Assistant Secretary and the Public Information Officer. The department includes the
following divisions:

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Agency for Public Telecommunications

The Agency for Public Telecommunications operates public telecommunications
facilities and provides state agencies with communications services designed to
enhance public participation in government. The agency operates a television and
radio production studio that offers media production, teleconferencing and public
semce telecasts, such as OPEN/net. Programs are transmitted via cable, satellite and
other communications technologies.

Division of Veterans Affairs

The Division of Veterans Affairs assists North Carolina military veterans, their
dependents and the dependents of deceased veterans in obtaining and maintaining
those rights and benefits to which they are entitled by law.

Office of Fiscal Management

The Office of Fiscal Management accounts for all fiscal activity of the department
in conformity vvdth the requirements of the Office of State Budget and Management,
the Office of State Controller, the Department of State Auditor and federal funding
agencies. The office files timely financial reports; invoices user agencies for central
ser\aces; and recommends and administers fiscal policy within the department.

Human Resources Management Office

The Human Resources Management Office provides a range of services for the
Department of Administration, the Office of Lieutenant Governor, the Low-Level
Radioactive Waste Management Authority and the Board of Science and Technology.
These services encompass all major areas of public personnel administration in
accordance with the requirements of the State Personnel Act. The Personnel Division
is responsible for employee selection and recruitment, position management, training
and development, employee and management relations and health benefits
administration.

Public Information Office

The PubUc Information Office helps the department enhance its communications
with the people of the state and other governmental agencies. Responsibilities include
assistance with public inquiries, media relations, news releases, publications,
graphics, editing, publicity, speech writing and counseling the secretary's executive
staff, division directors and employees on the best way to communicate with the
public.

State and Local Government Affairs Division

The State and Local Government Affairs Division works with local governments
and their regional organizations. This division manages the Appalachian Regional
Commission grant program, coordinates project reviews required by the state and

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national Environmental Protection Acts, and operates a project notification, review
and comment system to provide information to state and local agencies and the
public about projects supported with public funds.

Motor Fleet Management Division

The Motor Fleet Management Division provides passenger vehicles to state
agencies for employees in the perlormance of their duties. This division is a receipt-
supported operation thai purchases, maintains, assigns and manages the States
centralized fleet of approximately 5,500 vehicles and enforces state policy and
regulations concerning the use of the vehicles.

Purchase and Contract Division

The Division ol Purchase and Contract serves as the central purchasing authority
for state government and certain other entities. Contracts are established for the
purchase, lease and lease-purchase ot goods and ser\'ices required by state agencies,
institutions, public school districts, community colleges and the university system.
Those goods and ser\'ices currently total nearly $1.2 billion each fiscal year.

Local governments, charitable non-proht hospitals, local non-proht community
sheltered workshops, certain child placement agencies or residential child care
facilities, volunteer non-profit tire departments and rescue squads may also use the
ser\ices of the Division of Purchase and Contract. The division operates the Federal
Surplus Property program, which acquires and donates available federal surplus
property to eligible state recipients — government agencies, non-proht educational
institutions and public health facilities. Operation costs for this program are funded
by receipts from sales. The division also operates the State Surplus Property program.
This program sells supplies, materials and equipment owned by the state that are
surplus, obsolete or unused.

State Construction Office

The State Construction Office is responsible for the administration of planning,
design and construction of all state facilities, including the university and community
college systems. It also provides the architectural and engineering ser\'ices necessary
to carry out the capital improvement program lor all state institutions and agencies.

State Property Office

The State Property Office is responsible for state governments acquisition and
disposition ot all interest m real property whether by purchase, sale, exercise of
power of eminent domain, lease or rental. The ofhce maintains a computerized
inventory of land and buildings ov^Tied or leased by the State and prepares and
maintains floor plans for state buildings.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Goxemor's Adyocacy Council for Persons with Disabilities

The Governors Advocacy Council for Persons with Disabihties pursues
appropriate remedies, including legal action, on behalf of disabled citizens who feel
they have suffered discrimination. This council also offers technical assistance
regarding disability issues; provides information on accessing Social Security
disability beneftts; promotes employment opportunities for disabled persons; and
reviews policies and legislation relating to persons with disabilities.

North Carolina Council for Women and Domestic Violence Commission

The North Carolina Council for Women and Domestic Violence Commission
were consolidated m 2001 m order to bring greater efhciency to the two agencies.
The Council for Women advises the governor, the General Assembly and other
state departments on the special needs of women in North Carolina. The council
administers state and federal funds to local non-proht groups ser\ing victims of
sexual assault and domestic violence. The Domestic Violence Commission is the
states hrst permanent commission to coordinate strategy, policy, programs and
services to combat domestic violence. The commissions purposes are to assess
statewide needs related to domestic violence and assure that necessary services,
policies and programs are provided to those m need.

North Carolina Commission of Indian Affairs

The Commission of Indian Affairs advocates for the rights of Native American
Indian citizens. The commission works for the implementation or continuation of
programs for Native American Indian citizens of North Carolina. The commission
provides aid and protection for Native American Indians; assists Native American
Indian communities in social and economic development; promotes unity among
all Native American Indians; and encourages the right of Native American Indians
to pursue cultural and reUgious traditions they consider sacred and meaningful.

North Carolina Human Relations Commission

The Human Relations Commission provides services and programs aimed at
improving relationships among all citizens of the state, while seeking to ensure
equal opportunities in the areas of employment, housing, public accommodation,
recreation, education, justice and governmental services. The commission also
enforces the North Carolina Fair Housing Law.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Youth Advocacy and Invoheinent Office

The Youth Advocacy and Involvement Office seeks to tap the productivity of
the youth ol North Carohna through participation in community services and
leadership development. Experiential education opportunities are pro\'ided to young
adults through an internship program. The office provides advocacy for individuals
in need ot child or youth services in the state and makes recommendations to the
governor, the General Assembly and other policy-making groups.

Facility Management Division

The Facility Management Division provides preventive maintenance and repair
services to the State Government Complex and some facilities used by government
workers m outlying areas. Services include construction; renovation; housekeeping;
landscaping; steam plant, HVAC and elevator maintenance; pest control; parking
supervision and lock shop operations.

Management Information Systems Division

The Management Information Systems Division provides a central resource of
management consulting services with emphasis on impro\ang operations, reducing
costs, and improving service delivery for all divisions m the Department. This
oltice develops integrated data processing plans, and provides implementation
guidance, consultation and assistance to the department.

State Capitol Police

The State Capitol Police, a law enforcement agency, with police powers
throughout Raleigh, provides security and property protection for state government
facilities m the city The agency protects employees, secures state-owned property,
assists visitors to state facilities, investigates crimes committed on state property,
and monitors burglar and hre alarms.

Historically Underutilized Business (HUB) Office

HUB serves as an advocate tor businesses owned by minorities, women and
persons with disabilities m their efforts to conduct business with the State of North
Carolina. The Hub Office provides vendors access to on-line vendor registration,
conducts on-line HUB certification and provides technical assistance and training
on how to conduct business with government purchasing and construction arms.
Its core functions include increasing the amount of goods and services acquired by
the state from HUBs; ensuring the absence of barriers that reduce the participation
of HUBs; and encouraging state purchasing ofhces to identify prospective HUB
vendors and service providers.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Mail Service Center

The MSC is a full-service, centralized mail operation for state government that
mcludes the processing and delivery of outbound and inbound U.S. mail and
interoffice mail for state offices in Wake County and courier mail services for state
agencies, community colleges, public school systems and the university system in
all 100 counties. Located off Blue Ridge Road in Raleigh, the Mail Service Center is
the result of the consoUdation of 26 mailrooms out of 39 in state government in
Raleigh as of July 1999.

State Parking System Office

This office is responsible for planning, developing and implementing parking
in the State Government Complex, which includes over 8,000 spaces and three
visitor lots. The office also administers the state employees' commuting program in
the downtown complex and works closely with parking coordinators in the various
state government departments.

Division of Non-Puhlic Education (DNPE)

This division serves as a liaison between state government, conventional private
elementary and secondary schools, home schools and the general public. DNPE
provides oversight to North Carolina's private elementary and secondary schools.
The division is responsible for verifying, by periodic inspection of certain school
records, that all such schools meet statutory requirements. DNPE maintains current
statistical data on each private elementary and secondary school in the state. That
data IS published annually as the N.C. Directory of Non-Public Schools.

Administration-Related Boards and Commissions

Board of Trustees of the N.C. Public Employee Deferred Compensation Plan

Commission on Prevention and Treatment oof Substance Abuse and
Addiction

Domestic Violence Commission

North Carolina Energy Policy Council

North Carolina Housing Partnership

Historically Underutilized Business Advisory Council

Incentive Bonus Review Committee

Governor's Advocacy Council for Persons with Disabilities

Governor's Advocacy Council on Children and Youth

N.C. Council for Women

N.C. Board of Public Telecommunications

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Republic of Moldova and the State of North Carolina Partnership
Program

N.C. Human Relations Commission

N.C. State Commission on Indian Affairs

N.C. Internship Council

Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission

Persian Gulf War Memorial Commission

N.C. State Building Commission

Southeast Compact Commission for Low-Level Radioactive Wasre
Management

State Youth Advisory Council

Veterans' Affairs Commission

N.C. State Indian Housing Authority

Underage Drinking Study Commission

N.C. Wireless 911 Board

For more information about the N.C. Department of Administration, call (919)
807-2425. You can also visit the departments Web site at wu^w.doa. state .nc. us/
DOA.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

GwynnT.Swinson

Secretary of Administration

Early Years

Born in New York, N.Y., on March 10, 1953, to
G.T. and Romaine Godley Swinson.

Educational Background

Sandy Springs High School, Sandy Springs, Md.;
B.A., Antioch College, 1973; J.D. Antioch School
of Law, Antioch College, 1976; Master of Law, Duke
Law School, Duke University, 1986.

Professional Background

Secretary of the N.C. Department of Administration,

2001-Present; Special Deputy Attorney General for Administration, N.C. Department

of Justice.

Political Activities

Secretary of the N.C. Department of Administration, 2001-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Executive Committee, National Association of State Chief Administrators; Board of
Directors, Ther Spencer Foundation; Board of Directors, SAFE Child.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, N.C. Public Employees Deferred Compensation Plan; Chair, Governor's
Efficiency Working Group; Member, Information Resource Management
Commission.

Honors and Awards

Pacesetter, Stennis Center for Public Service; Clean Cities Program Award, U.S.
Department of Energy; Efficiency Working Group Contributor of the Year, Carolinas
Chapter, Employee Involvement Association.

Personal Information

Two children.

Secretaries of Administration

Name Residence

Paul A. Johnston^ Orange

Da\id S. Coltrane^ Wake

Term

1957-1960

1960-1961

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Secretaries of Administration (continued)

Name Residence Term

Hugh Cannon Wake 1961-1965

Edward L. Rankm, Jr.' Wake 1965-1967

Wa)Tie A. Corpening"* Forsyth 1967-1969

William L. Turner Wake 1969-1973 !

William L. Bondurant' Forsyth 1973-1974 i

Bruce A. Lentz'^ Wake 1974-1977 '

Joseph W Grmisley Wake 1977-1979 j

Jane S. Patterson Cactmg)' Wake 1979-1980 |

Joseph W Grimsley^' Wake 1980-1981 !

Jane S. Patterson' Wake 1981-1985 |

Grace J. Rohrer'^' Orange 1985-1987 |

James S. Loiton'^ Wake 1987-1993 |

Katie G. Dorsett^^ Guilford 1993-2000 j

Gwynn T. Smson Wake 2001 -Present

' Johnston was appointed by Governor Hodges and sensed until his resignation

effective August 31, 1960. j

- Coltrane was appointed by Governor Hodges to replace Johnston. He was
reappointed by Governor Sanford on January 6, 1961, and served until November,
1961, when he was appointed chair of the Advisory Budget Commission.

^ Rankin was appointed by Governor Moore to replace Coltrane and ser\'ed until
his resignation effective September 30, 1967.

"^ Corpening was appointed by Governor Moore to replace Rankin and served
until the end of the Moore Administration. Press Release, September 14, 1967;'
Moore Papers, Appointments, 1965-1968. i

"* Bondurant was appointed on Januaiy 5, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to replace;
Turner and resigned effective June 21, 1974. i

" Lentz was appointed by Governor Holshouser to replace Bondurant. Copy o
Commission to Lentz, July 1, 1974, Division of Publications, Department of the
Secretar)' of State, Raleigh. j

' Patterson sen'ed as acting departmental secretary when Grimsley took a leave o'
absence to seive as campaign manager for Governor Hunt. j

''^ Grimsley resigned effective August 1 , 1981, following his appointment as secretar
for the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development.

"^ Patterson was appointed by Governor Hunt to replace Grimsley

Rohrer was appointed by Governor Martin.

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HE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

1 Lofton was appointed by Governor Martin.
Dorsett was appointed by Governor Hunt.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of Commerce

When 11 was established as pan of the State Government Reorganization Act of
1Q71, the Department of Commerce (DOC) consisted almost entirely of regulatory
agencies and the Empk)yment Security Commission.

While those responsibilities continue to be a x'cry important part of DOCs role
in slate governmeni, the dei^ariment o\er the years has evolved into the states lead
agenc)' lor economic, communitx' and vvorklorce development. The department
promotes a wide variety of opportunities to improve the economy of the entire Tar
Heel State, rural and urban areas alike. Promoting tourism, exporting, film
production, community revitalization and industry recruitment are some of the
activities the department undertakes. The Secretary of Commerce is appointed by
the governor. Three assistant secretaries and two executive directors help with the
departments operations. The departments operating budget currently totals more
than $600 million and over 3,300 full-time stafk Department functions include:

The Assistant Secretary for Community Development directly administers the
following programs;

Division of Community Assistance

The Division ol Community Assistance assists local governments across the
state through economic development, community development, growth management
and downtown revitalization. DCA has four major components: the N. C. Main
Street Program, the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program, local
government ser\'ices and the 21st Century Communities initiative.

The North Carolina Mam Street Program helps cities maintain a thriving
downtown through a lour-part sell-help process in\'ol\'ing organization, promotion,
design and economic restructuring.

The Community Development Block Grant Program is a federally-funded
program that assists local governments with community and economic development
projects that primarily beneht low- and moderate-income families.

The Division ot Community Assistance assists local governments generally with
their planning and growth management needs. In ten counties, the DCA administers
the 21st Century Communities initiative, an effort to assist local communities m
achieving readiness m economic dex-elopment by working in partnership to develop
strategic plans for economic growth.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The Executive Director for Policy and Employment administers the following
programs:

Workforce Development

The 38-member North Carolina Commission on Workforce Development is
an external oversight board that is staffed by the Department of Commerce. The
commission and its staff are responsible for recommending policies and strategies
that will enable the states workforce to compete in the current and future global
economy The commission makes its recommendations to the Governor, the General
Assembly the Department of Commerce and the various education and workforce
agencies of state government in an effort to create an effective, coherent and
comprehensive workforce system. Under the terms of the federal Workforce
Investment Act, the One-Stop Career Center Governance and Support Unit provides
oversight and technical assistance to the states JobLink Career Center System and
ad\dses the Workforce Development Institute on system-wide training needs.

Division of Employment and Training

The Division of Employment and Traming administers a statewide system of
workforce programs that prepare North Carolina's citizens facing economic
disadvantage, job loss and other serious barriers to employment for participation
m the workforce. The programs provide high-support training and other services
that result m increase employment and earnings, increased educational and
occupational skills and decreased welfare dependency. The statewide system is
designed to improve the quality of the workforce as well as the state's competitiveness
in a global economy. Workforce programs administered through the division include
the federal Workforce Investment Act of 1998, which provides services to adults,
dislocated workers and low-income youth; the federal Welfare-to-Work grant
program, designed to pro\ide employment and training services to the hardest-too
-serve welfare recipients and non-custodial parents; and the North Carolina
Employment and Training Grant Program that pro\ades resources to complement
Workforce Investment Act programs. National Emergency Grants funded by the
Workforce Investment Act provide funding to retrain workers displaced by NAFTA
from specific textile and apparel hrms and to provide relief employment for those
impacted by Hurricane Floyd.

The Assistant Secretary for Economic Development administers the following
programs:

Commerce Finance Center

The Commerce Finance Center offers "one-stop financing" assistance for
businesses that locate or expand operations in the Tar Heel State. The center
administers the tax credits available to new and expanding industries under the

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William S. Lee Quality Jobs and Business Expansion Act. It also offers direct grant
and loan funding to businesses locating or expanding in North Carolina through
the Industrial Competitive Fund, the Industrial Development Fund, the Utility Fund,
the Business Energy Loan Fund and the Community Development Block Grant
Program. The agency also administers the Industrial Revenue Bond program for
the state.

Division of Business and Industry Development

The Division o^ Business and Industry Development leads North Carolina's
business and industrial recruitment efforts. Its staff works closely with other public
and priN'ate development organizations to attract new industries to the state. This
includes efforts aimed at recruiting foreign-owned firms to North Carolina. The
division operates international ofhces m Duesseldorf, Hong Kong, Toronto and
Tokyo. The division also offers retention and expansion services to companies
currently located in North Carolina. These programs are staffed by industrial
developers located in nine offices spread throughout the seven regions of the state:
Asheville, Bryson City and Lenoir m the Western Region; Charlotte m the Carolinas
Region; Greensboro in the Piedmont Triad Region; Raleigh in the Research Triangle
Region; Fayetteville m the Southeastern Region; Greenville m the Global TransPark
Region; and Edenton in the Northeastern Region.

International Trade Division

The International Trade Division assists primarily small and mid-sized North
Carolina firms m marketing their goods and ser\ices outside of the United States.
It seeks to faciUtate exporting by North Carolina companies, educate companies
that are not currently engaged in the global marketplace to the opportunities available
and stimulate demand for North Carolina products m international markets. Industiy
consultants located m Raleigh accomplish these activities with the assistance of five
foreign trade offices located m Frankfurt, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Toronto, and Mexico
City The division also offers specialized services to the states furniture industry
through the North Carolina Furniture Export Ofhce m High Point.

Division of Infoiination Technology Services (ITS)

The Division of Information Technology Services offers technology products
and services to North Carolina state government agencies and to county and
municipal governments. Services offered by the division include: telecommunication
senaces; mainframe and client-server computing; management of local and wide-
area networks; system design and implementation; application development and
support; office automation and personal computer support services. ITS also develops
policies and standards for state government technology for adoption by the
Information Resource Management Commission (IRMOand provides staff support
to the commission.

298

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Executive Director for Policy and Employment administers the following programs:

Economic Polity and Research Division

The Economic Policy and Research Division develops policy studies and may
make policy recommendations to improve the well-being of the people of the state.
The division collects and maintains data on the states economy; monitors and
analyzes global, national, state and regional economic trends; does background
research on industries to support recruitment and economic development efforts;
and performs economic impact analysis and provides relevant and timely information
in support of policy analysis, strategic planning and economic development. This
mformation is provided to all divisions within the department. The division produces
quarterly community investment reports and monthly layoffs and closing reports
and maintains the departments county profiles, state comparisons and industry
profiles web pages. The division also staffs the Economic Development Board.

Board of Science and Technology

The General Assembly established the N.C. Board of Science and Technolog)'
in 1963 to encourage, promote and support scientific, engineering and industrial
research applications m North Carolina. The board works to investigate new areas
of emerging science and technology and conducts studies on the competitiveness
of state industry and research institutions in these field. The board also works with
the General Assembly and the Governor to put into place the infrastructure that
keeps North Carolina on the leading edge of science and technology. Seventeen
members sit on the board, drawn from universities, corporations, non-profit
organizations and government agencies from across the state.

The Executive Director of Tourism, Film and Sports Development administers the
following programs:

Division of Tourism

This division undertakes a broad range of marketing activities in cooperation
with local and regional economic development and tourism promotion
organizations. The common goal is to increase tourism in the state. This includes
an increasing emphasis on international marketing. The division partners with the
Economic Development arm of the department to maintain a presence in overseas
offices in Duesseldorf, London, Dubai, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Toronto, and Mexico
City. The division also administers a grants program to assist local areas in making
improvements to promote tourism in their locale and operates a program to promote
Heritage Tourism in the state. The division also has staff in eight welcome centers
on interstate highways in the state to assist travelers to North Carolina.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

North Carolina Film Office

The ollicc promotes North Carolina as a location for television, motion picture
and advertising productions. The office offers location scout services to producers
and supports the states four regional lilm commissions in their efforts to increase
film production in the state.

Division of Sports Development

The Division of Sports Development promotes North Carolina as a leading site
lor sports events in\'ol\'ing amateur and professional organizations. The office works
with local go\'ernment and corporate allies to serve as a clearinghouse for sporting
activities in North Carolina and to assist sports organizations and promoters m
making North Carolina a host site for leading amateur and professional sports
events.

Assistant Secretaiy lor Administration administers the following programs:

Executive Aircraft Operations

The Executive Aircraft Operations maintains two airplanes and two helicopters
that are used to transport industrial development clients and consultants, film
producers, sporting event promoters and state personnel on ofhcial business.

Fiscal Management Division

The Fiscal Management Dix'ision is responsible for the accounting, budgeting
and purchasing functions of the department.

Human Resources

The Fiuman Resources Ofhce performs personnel functions for the department,
including recruitment and employee relations, position classification and fringe
benefit administration.

Management Information Systems Division (MIS)

The Management Information Systems Division (MIS) is responsible for all
information technology services within the department. This includes LAN
management, project management functions for applications development,
maintenance of personal computers and peripherals and graphics design and
reproduction.

Wanchese Seafood Industrial Park

The Wanchese Seafood Industrial Park works to promote fishing and marine
industries and serves as a location for seafood processing plants, boat builders,
fishing supplies and other marine-related businesses.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Oregon Inlet Project

The Oregon Inlet Project leads the states efforts to stabilize the channel in Oregon
Inlet through the construction of jetties.

The following agencies report directly to their respective Boards and
Commissions, rather than to the Secretary of Commerce. They receive administrative
oversight from the Department through the Assistant Secretar}^ for Administration:

Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission

The Alcoholic Beverage Control Commission controls the sale of alcoholic
beverages m the state through operation of a centralized warehouse, oversight of
local government-operated retail sales outlets, and permitting of facilities authorized
to sell alcohol m bulk or by the drink.

Banking Commission

The Banking Commission, is responsible for chartering and regulating North
Carolina's state banks and trust companies, as well as registration and Ucensing of
various financial institutions operating m the state, including check-cashers,
consumer hnance companies, mortgage bankers and mortgage brokers, money
transmitters and refund anticipation lenders.

Cemetery Commission

The Cemetery Commission regulates and monitors the activities of all state-
licensed cemeteries.

Credit Union Commission

The Credit Union Commission regulates and monitors the operations of all
state-chartered credit unions.

Employment Security Commission

The Employment Security Commission administers the states unemployment
insurance program. It also offers job placement and referral services to all North
Carolina citizens and maintains the states labor market information service.

Industrial Commission

The N.C. Industrial Commission administers the Workers' Compensation Act
for all employees and employers in the state to protect Tar Heel workers and
employers against loss due to work-related injury or disease. The Industrial
Commission also has jurisdiction over tort claims against the state and claims by
families of law enforcement officers, fire fighters and rescue squad workers.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Public Staff of the Utilities Commission

The public staff reviews, investigates and makes recommendations to the North
Carolina Utilities Commission on the reasonableness of rates and adequacy of serv^ice
provided by all public utilities in the state. The staff is also charged vv^ith ensuring
the consistency ot public policy assuring an energy supply adequate to protect
public health and safely.

Rural Electrification Authority

The Rural Electnlication Authority ensures that customers m predominantly
rural areas of the state have access to adequate, dependable, affordable electric and
telephone service.

Savings Institutions Commission

The Savings Institutions Commission regulates and monitors the operations of
all state-chartered savings institutions.

Utilities Commission

The Utilities Commission regulates the rates and senices offered by more than
1,200 utility companies in North Carohna. Companies under the jurisdiction of
the commission include electric companies, local and long-distance telephone
companies, natural gas companies, household goods motor freight carriers, motor
passenger carriers, companies providing private pay phone service, water and sewer
companies consisting of approximately 1,500 systems and ferryboat operators.

Economic Development Allies

N.C. Partnerships for Economic Development: The seven partnerships work on
a regional basis to serve North Carolina's 100 counties in promoting economic
development marketing, strategies and opportunities. Partnership ofhces are located
m Asheville, Charlotte, Greensboro, Raleigh, Elizabethtown, Kinston and Edenton.

State Ports Authority: The Ports Authority staff operates and promotes the use
of North Carolinas port facilities including deep-water ports at Morehead City and
Wilmington; intermodal terminals m Charlotte and Greensboro; and the harbor at
Southport. The State Ports Authority Board of Directors governs the authority. The
Secretar)' of Commerce serx-es as an c.x-officio member of the board.

Commerce-Related Boards and Commissions

Cape Fear Navigation and Pilotage Commission

Community Development Council
Economic Development Board

302

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Employment Security Commission Advisory Council

Energy Policy Council

Entrepreneurial Development Board

Morehead City Navigation and Pilotage Commission

N.C. Mutual Burial Association Commission

N.C. National Park, Parkway and Forest Development Council

N.C. Seafood Industrial Park Authority

N.C. Small Business Council

N.C. Sports Development Commission

N.C. State Ports Authority

N.C. Travel and Tourism Board

For more information about the Department of Commerce, call (919) 733-
4151 or visit the department's Web site at www.nccommerce.com. For more
information about the Employment Security Commission, call (919) 733-7546 or
visit the commissions Web site at www.esc.state.nc.us.

James T. Fain

Secretary of Commerce

Early Years

Born May 22, 1943 m Hendersonville,
Henderson County, to James T. and
Thomasina Shepherd Fain, Jr.

Educational Background

1961 Hendersonville High School; B.A. m
Political Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1971;
Master in Business Administration, UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1975.

Professional Background

Secretary of Commerce, 2001-Present;
Assistant Secretary for Economic
Development, N.C. Department of
Commerce, 1999-2001.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Foundation Board, N.C. Museum of Art; Trustee, Rex Hospital, Raleigh; Member,
Downtown Raleigh Alliance Board.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, N.C. Pons Aulhoriiy; Member, N.C. Bioieeh Center; Member, N.(j
Economic Dc\'elopmenl Board.

Honors and Awards |

A.E. Fmley Award, Greater Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, 1999; hidividual Awaij
lor Support o{ the Arts, Wake County Arts Council, 1996

Personal Information

Married to Peggy Ann Rhodes Fain; Two children; Member, Christ Episcop!
Church, Raleigh.

Secretaries of Commerce^

NcfMlC

George Irving Aldridge'
Tenney I. Deane, Jr.'
Winfield S. Han-ey"*
Donald R. Beason"
Duncan M. Faircloth"
C.C. Hope
Howard Haworth'
Claude E. Pope^
James T. BroyhilF'
Estell C. Lce'^^
S. Davis Phillips'^
E. N orris Tolson'-^
Rick Carhsle'^
James T. Fain III

The Executive Organization Act of 1971 created the "Department ol Commerc'
vvath provisions for a "Secretary" appointed by the Governor. The Department 'f
Commerce was reorganized and renamed by legislati\'e action ol the 1989 Genel
Assembly.

Aldridge was appointed by Governor Scott.

Deane was appointed on January 5, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to repk-
Aldridge. He resigned in November, 1973.

Har\Ty was appointed on December 3, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to repk-
Deane. '

Season was appointed on July 1, 1976, by Governor Holshouser to repbp
Harvey.

haircloth was appointed on January 10, 1977, to replace Beason.

Haworth was appointed January 5, 1985, to replace Hope.

304

Residence

Term

Wake

1972-1973 1

Wake

1973-1974

Wake

1973-1976

Wake

1976-1977 j

Wake

1977-1983

Mecklenburg

1983-1985

Guilford

1985-1987

Wake

1987-1989

Caldwell

1989-1990

New Hanover

1990-1993 '

Guilford

1993-1997

Edgecombe

1997-1998

Orange

1998-2000

Wake

2001 -Present :

rHE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Pope was appointed by Governor Martin to replace Haworth.

Broyhill was appointed by Governor Martin to replace Pope.
^ Lee was appointed by Governor Martin April 1, 1990 to replace Broyhill.
' Phillips was appointed by Governor Hunt January 11, 1993, to replace Lee.
f Gov Hunt appointed Tolson on January 17, 1997, to replace Phillips.
; Gov Hunt appointed Carlisle secretary on January 17, 1998, to replace Tolson.

305

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of Correction

The Depatiment ol Correction is responsible for the care, custody and
supervision of all individuals sentenced after conviction of a felony or serious
misdemeanor in North Carolina. Sentences range Irom probationary terms served
in the community to active prison sentences served in one of the states 75-plus
prison facilities.

North Carolina's General Statutes direct the department to provide adequate
custodial care, educational opportunities and medical and psychological treatment
serx'iccs to all incarcerated persons while at the same time providing community-
based supeiTision and some needed social services to clients on probation, parole
or post-release supervision.

The Department of Correction was established in 1972 by authority of the
Executive Reorganization Act of 1971 as the Department of Social Rehabilitation
and Control. The act provided for merging the Parole Commission and the Advisory
Board of Correction to form a new department made up of the Divisions of Prisons;
Adult Probation and Parole; and Youth Development.

The secretary of the department is appointed by the governor and ser\'es at his
pleasure. The secretar)- is responsible for the supervision and administration of all
department functions except that of the Parole Commission, which has sole authority
to release eligible incarcerated offenders prior to the expiration of their sentence.

In July, 1974, the department was renamed the Department of Correction, the
Parole Commission was expanded from three to five members and further
consolidation of responsibiUties and functions occurred. In 1975, the Division ot
Youth Development was transferred administratively to the Department of Human
Resources, leaving the Department of Correction its current administrative
conhguration.

The histor}' of corrections m North Carolina reflects the continued development
and rehnement of the prison, probation and parole segments of the department.

The Division of Prisons was organized in the late 1860s and early 1870s with
the opening of a large prison farm m Wake County and the construction of Central
Prison m Raleigh. This was a result of the "Reconstruction Constitution" of North
Carolina which was accepted by the United States Congress in 1868. In 1899,
Caledonia Prison Farm was purchased from Halifax County. This arrangement
continued until 1933 when the General Assembly transferred supervision of the
three state prisons and the various county prisons to the State Highway and Public
Works Commission. This merger of the highway and prison systems was motivated
by the steadily worsening economic and social conditions caused by the Depression.
Under this arrangement, prisons were supported by appropriations from the Highway
Fund while prisoners were extensively employed on road work.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The Division of Prisons remained under total administrative control of the
Highway and Public Works Commission until 1955 when the director of prisons
was granted the ability to set divisional rules, regulations and policies to include
the hiring, promotion and dismissal of employees. At the same time, the General
Assembly formed the Prison Reorganization Commission to study the relationship
between prisons and the highway system. The commission recommended that a
separate prison department be formed and legislation was enacted forming the Prison
Department in 1957.

Also in 1957, landmark legislation was enacted authorizing a statewide system
of work release. North Carolina thus became the first state prison system in the
nation to allow inmates to work at private employment during the day and return
to confinement in the evening. Today, North Carolina has approximately 1,000
indi\iduals participating in the work release program.

The Prison Department remained a separate entity under the Prison Commission
until the Department of Social RehabiUtation and Control was formed in 1972.

Probation was first initiated in the United States in 1878 in Massachusetts. In
1919, North Carolina enacted its hrst probation laws, but limited probation to
first-offender female prostitutes and certain juveniles under the supervision of female
officers. In 1937, legislation was enacted forming the Probation Commission to
super\ise a statewide network of male and female offenders reporting to probation
officers. In 1972, the commission was disbanded when the Division of Adult
Probation and Parole was formed within the newly-created department. At first,
probation officers retained a strictly probation supervision caseload; but by mid-
1974 they were carrying parole caseloads as well. Currently, probation and parole
officers carry a combination of probation and parole caseloads, as well as cases
where prisoners are on both probation and parole simultaneously.

Parole began as a system of pardons and commutations granted by the Governor
in the original Constitution of North Carolina in 1776. This system was maintained
in the Reconstruction Constitution of 1868. In 1919, the General Assembly
established an Ad\dsory Board of Paroles which made parole recommendations to
the Governor. This board was reduced to the Commissioner of Pardons in 1925,
the Officer of Executive Counsel in 1929 and the Commissioner of Paroles in 1935.
It was this 1935 legislation that created the position of parole officers under the
supervision of the commissioner.

The 1953 session of the General Assembly abolished the Office of Commissioner
and established a Board of Paroles consisting of three members. At the same time,
a constitutional amendment was approved in the 1954 general election to give the
board full authority to grant, revoke or terminate paroles.

The 1974 General Assembly enlarged the board members to five full-time
members and transferred administration and supervision of parole officers to the

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Division of Adult Probation and Parole. The Structured Sentencing Act enacted by
the General Assembly abolished parole for crimes committed on or after October 1,
1994. As a result of the declining number of paroles, the General Assembly reduced
the number of parole commissioners from five to three m 1999. The Division of
Adult Probation and Parole was renamed the Division of Community Corrections
in 1998.

The General Statutes establishing the Department oi Correction direct the secretary
to provide for the general safety of North Carolina's citizens by operating and
maintaining prisons; supervising probationers and parolees; and providing certain
rehabilitative and educational programs to individuals supervised by the department.
The department is divided into three major operational sections: the Division of
Prisons, the Division of Communit)' Corrections and the Division of Alcohol and
Chemical Dependency The Secretary of Correction and his immediate administrative
staff are responsible for the major planning, hscal, personnel and records-keeping
functions of the department:

Research and Planning

The planning functions include policy development, federal grant development
and administration, liaison with the General Assembly and providing statistical
information, analysis and evaluation.

Engineering

This section is the departments capital program manager and manager of physical
plant operations. Engineering provides a lull range of architectural, engineering and
construction services to all DOC divisions. Construction semces include extensive
use of supervised inmate labor, extending the departments resources and creating
the opportunity for inmate rehabilitation through job training.

Extradition

This section coordinates the transfer of fugitives back to the state for the
Department of Correction, as well as to local law enforcement throughout the state.
This includes escapees from prison and absconders from supenision.

IMPACT

The states boot camp program is a highly-structured, military-style alternative
to long-term imprisonment of offenders. The Intense Motivational Program of
Alternative Correctional Treatment is a designated sanction under the states current
sentencing law.

308

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Purchasing and Auxiliary Services

This section is responsible for purchasing goods and services, warehousing
and delivery of goods, transportation, communications and security installations,
departmental mail services and real and personal property lease acquisitions.

Fiscal Operations

This section includes budget development and administration, regular and grant
accounting, work release and Inmate Trust Fund accounting, as well as internal
auditing procedures.

Personnel

The Personnel Section is responsible for personnel functions including payroll,
maintenance of employee records, and other matters associated vv^th human resource
management. It also includes the development of staff positions, the posting of
position vacancies and the actual hiring of new staff.

Staff Dexelopment and Training

This section administers and provides basic training and certification for all
new staff, advanced training in particular skill areas, and in-ser\ace training where
needed for re-certification or continuing education.

Correction Enterprises

Correction Enterprises is a self-sustaining industrial program that trains inmates
as productive workers by utilizing their labor to manufacture products and provide
services for sale to tax-supported agencies. Correction Enterprises returns part of its
net prohts to the Crime Victims Compensation Fund of North Carolina, in addition
to paying for incentive wages for all inmate jobs m North Carolina prisons and
industrial expansion costs.

Management Information Systems

This section provides assistance to Correction employees and others in the area
of information needed to appropriately manage offenders, including recording
pertinent data about offenders; tracking their movements; and charting their progress
in programs and other rehabilitative efforts.

Victims Services

Established in December, 2001, the Ofhce of Victim Services provides direct
services in response to victim inquiries and develops programs, policies and
procedures relating to the departments victims issues.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Citizen Services

Established in 1998, the Citizen Services call center operates the departments
toll-free telephone number and serves as a clearinghouse for information about the
department. The section is now a part of the Public Information Office.

Inmate Griexance Commission

The Inmate Grievance Commission advises the secretary concerning the varied
and many complaints and grievances filed by inmates. The findings of this
commission may be affirmed in whole or m part, and modified or rejected by the
secretary as necessary.

Post-Release Supervision and Parole Commission

The commission has the sole authority for determining which eligible offenders
should be released from prison prior to the completion of their active sentence and
for setting the terms and conditions of their supervision period. The commission
is also responsible for setting the conditions of post-release supervision for eligible
offenders who receive supervision following completion of their active structured
sentence.

Division of Prisons

The Division of Prisons is charged with the direct care and supervision of inmates.
Currently, the division operates 77 prison facilities.

This division receives felons and misdemeanants sentenced bv the court to a
period of active incarceration. Sentences range from a minimum of 90 days for
certain misdemeanors to death or life imprisonment for serious crimes. The
Structured Sentencing Act has had a tremendous impact on the prison system, with
prison beds now designated for more serious and violent inmates. Structured
sentencing has also allowed the prison system to better predict what type of offenders
will be entering the system and how long they will remain incarcerated.

Classification within the system depends upon the seriousness of the crime,
the willingness of the inmate to obey rules and regulations and the perceived potential
for escape. The division provides appropriately secure facilities in three inmate
custody levels:

Close, custody: Inmates need extra security but do not need the more stringent
security of maximum custody. Basic education, counseling and work programs are
available to inmates m close custody.

Medium custody: Units have all programs and activities operating within the
unit under the supervision of armed personnel, except for certain work assignments.
Programs include academic and vocational education, substance abuse treatment,
psychological and other counseling programs and varied work assignments.

310

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Minimum custody: These units provide a wide variety of programs for inmates
ranging from on-site academic and vocational schools to off-site work or study
release. Mmimum custody inmates are misdemeanants and those selected felons
who have either little time remaining on their sentence or who have been determined
not to present a high security or escape risk. These units do not have manned gun
towers. Selected inmates are allowed to work in the community for the prevailing
wage. They pay restitution and fines, when ordered by the sentencing court, and
help their families by sending money home. Part of their income goes to the
department to help offset the cost of their incarceration.

Minimum custody programs are aimed at helping inmates begin the transition
to life outside prison include education and drug treatment programs. Minimum
custody inmates are also allowed to participate m the Community Volunteer and
Home Leave programs. Screened and selected volunteers are allowed to sponsor
inmates for three-hour passes to attend approved community programs such as
religious meetings. Alcoholics Anonymous and drug treatment sessions. The Home
Leave program allows specially screened and approved inmates to \isit their families
for periods of time up to 48 hours. The purpose of this program is to allow inmates
to rebuild family ties and to plan for the future prior to release.

Division of Community Corrections

The Division of Community Corrections is responsible for the community
supervision of 113,000 parolees and probationers. More than 105,000 of these
individuals have been sentenced to probation and are supervised by ofhcers who
protect the publics safety by enforcing special conditions such as curfews and
random drug tests. These officers also make appropriate referrals for community
rehabilitation programs.

With the advent of structured sentencing, a greater responsibility has been placed
on this division because many offenders sentenced to prison under pre\dous state
sentencing laws are now subject to supervision in the community. Structured
sentencing distinguishes between community punishments and intermediate
punishments. Community punishment offenders are supervised much like traditional
probation. Intermediate punishment offenders are subject to more intensive controls
such as electronic monitoring, intensive supervision and required attendance at day
reporting centers.

The division retains responsibility for supervising individuals who were
convicted under previous sentencing laws and who are eligible for discretionary-
release by the Parole Commission. Also, the dixision supervises offenders who are
eligible for post-release supervision after completion of their active structured
sentence.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Division of Community Corrections administers the state-county Criminal
Justice Partnership Program which provides funds for locally-managed, community-
based sanction programs. These programs are designed to assure offender
accountability in the community; divert lower-risk offenders from prison; and offer
rehabilitative opportunities to offenders.

Corrections-Related Boards and Commissions

Board of Correction

Grievance Resolution Board

Parole Commission

Substance Abuse Advisory Council

Advisory Committee on Religious Ministry in Prisons

For more information on the Department of Correction, cail (919) 733-4926
or visit the departments Web site at www. doc. state. nc. us.

Theodis Beck

Secretary of Correction

Educational Background

Graduated, South French Broad High
School, 1966; B.A. m Sociology, North
Carolina Central University, 1970; A.A.S. m
Business Administration, AsheviUe-Buncombe
Community College, 1978.

Professional Background

Secretary of Correction, 1999-Present.

Organizations

National Association of Blacks in Criminal

Justice; Association of State Correctional

Administrators; American Correctional

Association; North Carolina Athletic Officials Association; Past member, Asheville

Optimist Club; Member, State Employees Credit Union Advisory Board; Member,

Governors Crime Commission (Member, Juvenile Delinquency and Prevention

Committee; Chair, Safe Communities Issues Team); Member, Drug Treatment Court

Advisory Board; Member, State Advisory Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency

Prevention.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Military Service

First Sergeant, U.S. Army, 1970-72 (active) and 1975-97 (reserve); National Defense
Service Medal; Good Conduct Medal; Army Reserve Components Achievement
Medal; Armed Forces Reserve Medal; Drill Sergeant of the Year, P' Battalion, 5W^
Regiment, 1984.

Personal Information

Married to Linda Jean Chiles Beck. Two children. Member, Hill Street Baptist Church.

Secretaries of Correction^

Name

George W Randall-
Ralph D. Edwards^
David L. Jones"*
Amos E. Reed^
James C. Woodard''
Aaron J. Johnson'
V Lee Bounds*^
Franklin E. Freeman, Jr.''
R. Mack Jarvis'^'
Theodis Beck'^

^ The Executive Organization Act of 1971 created the "Department of Social
Rehabihtation and Control" with provision for a "Secretary" appointed by the
governor. In 1974, the name was changed to the Department of Correction.

^ Randall was appointed by Governor Scott and served until his death on December
4, 1972.

^ Edwards was appointed by Governor Scott to replace Randall.

Jones was appointed on January 5, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Edwards.

Reed was appointed on January 17, 1977, by Governor Hunt to replace Jones.

^ Woodard was appointed January 12, 1981, to replace Reed.

'' Johnson was appointed on January 7, 1985, by Governor Martin to replace
Woodard.

^ Bounds was appointed on March 2, 1992, by Governor Martin to replace Johnson.

^ Freeman was appointed on January 15, 1993, by Governor Hunt.

^° Jarvis was appointed on January 17, 1997, by Governor Hunt after Secretary
Freeman was promoted to chief of staff for the governor.

313

Residence

Term

Wake

1972

Wake

1972-1973

Cumberland

1973-1977

Wake

1977-1981

Johnston

1981-1985

Cumberland

1985-1992

1992-1993

Wake

1993-1997

1997-1998

Wake

1999-Present

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

" Beck was appointed on April 19, 1999, by Gov. Hunt. Deputy Secretary Joseph
L. Hamilton served as acting secretary from Oct. 1, 1998, until Secretary Becks
appointment.

314

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Department of Crime Control and Public Safety

The 1977 General Assembly passed legislation to restructure and rename the
Department of Military and Veterans Affairs as the Department of Crime Control
and Public Safety The department was created April 1, 1977, by transferring law
enforcement and public safety agencies from the Department of Military and Veterans
Affairs, the State Department of Transportation, the Department of Commerce and
the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development.

The duties of this department are to provide law enforcement and emergency
services to protect against crime and against natural and man-made disasters; to
serve as the states chief coordinating agency to control crime and protect the public;
to assist local law enforcement and public safety agencies; and to work for a more
effective and efficient criminal justice system. In addition, the department coordinates
the states response to any emergency that requires the response of more than one
sub-unit of state government. In 1980, the department was given the authority to
direct the allocation of any or all available state resources from any state agency to
respond to an emergency.

The department consists of the Office of the Secretary; nine divisions: Alcohol
Law Enforcement, Butner Public Safety, Civil Air Patrol, Emergency Management,
Governors Crime Commission staff, Law Enforcement Support Services, N.C.
National Guard, State Highway Patrol and Victim and Justice Services; and five
commissions: the Governor's Crime Commission, the N.C. Crime Victims
Compensation Commission, the N.C. Emergency Response Commission, the Boxing
Commission and the Governors Advisory Commission on Military Affairs. Five
administrative sections in the Office of the Secretary support the divisions: Eiscal,
Information Systems, Personnel and Benefits, Public Affairs and Organizational
Effectiveness.

Alcohol LuM^ Enforcement Division

As a result of legislation in 1977, the Enforcement Division of the State Board
of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) was transferred from the Department of
Commerce to the newly-formed Department of Crime Control and Public Safety.
The primary responsibility of the Alcohol Law Enforcement Division (ALE) is to
enforce the states Alcoholic Beverage Control laws.

Agents pro\ide licensed outlets with the latest information on ABC laws and
regulations, inspect premises and examine books and records. They prepare criminal
and regulatory cases; present evidence in court and administrative hearings; conduct
permit appUcant investigations; execute ABC Commission orders; and conduct
undercover investigations. Agents are sworn peace officers and have the authority
to arrest and take other investigatory and enforcement actions for any criminal offense.

315

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Public education is also an important part of the job of an Alcoholic Law
Enforcement agent. Agents routinely conduct seminars regarding the irresponsible
service of alcohol; present classes to youth groups and civic organizations; and
teach ABC laws at local and state law enforcement schools.

New agents are trained during a 20- week ALE Basic School, which was designed
and certified specifically tor ALE agents. This training includes physical conditioning
and defensive tactics, instruction in constitutional and criminal laws, court
procedures, search and seizure, criminal investigation, alcoholic beverage control
laws, firearms and vehicle operations.

This division is commanded by a director, headquarters staff, field supervisors
and their assistants. For administrative purposes, the field organization is di\'ided
into twelve districts, each with a headquarters office readily accessible to the public.

ALE also manages the North Carolina Center lor Missing Persons. The center,
formerly the North Carolina Center for Missing Children and Child Victimization,
was established m 1984 as the state clearinghouse for information about missing
persons. In 1999, the center was moved trom the Emergency Management Division
to the Alcohol Law Enlorcement Division to provide the statf easier access to law
enforcement resources. Trained staff members provide technical assistance and
training to citizens, law enforcement officials, school personnel and human seiwices
professionals. The centers staff gives assistance and support to both the families of
missing persons and to the law enforcement ofiicials investigating missing person
cases. Staff members also participate m emergency operations and searches for
persons who are missing and endangered.

Butner Public Safety Division

The Butner Public Satety Division traces its roots back to the Camp Butner Fire
Department set up m 1942 when Camp Butner was established as a LIS. Army
Training Camp. In 1947, John Umstead, brother of Governor William B. Umstead,
led a move m the General Assembly to build a new facility for the mentally ill.
Camp Butner was purchased from the federal go\'ernment for $1 as the site for this
complex.

The Camp Butner Fire Department became part of the John Umstead Hospital
in the Department of Human Resources. The staff consisted of 18 men. As the
Butner complex and the community grew, the stall was trained as lire fighters and
policemen and it became known as the Public Salety Department. It was then
transferred to the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety m 1981 and its
name was changed to the Butner Public Safety Division.

Butner Public Salety Officers provide police and fire protection for the state
hospitals at Butner; other state facilities there, including the 4,600-acre National
Guard Training Range; the Butner Federal Correctional Facility; and the residential,
business and industrial community of Butner. In keeping with the growth and ;

316 [

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

development of the town of Butner, facilities for the Butner PubHc Safety Division
were expanded. On January 29, 1985, the new 15,000 square-foot Butner Public
Safety Division building was dedicated by Governor Martin.

This di\4sion is commanded by a public safety director, chief of hre services
and chief of police services. The four platoons are commanded by captains, with
master hre ofhcers and master police officers as support staff. Including the
mvestigative, support, communications and logistics sections, Butner's total force
IS 49.

The duties of these ofhcers are unique. One hour they may be called on to fight
a raging fire and the next hour these same officers may be called on to capture a
bank robber.

Civil Air Patrol Division

The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) was estabUshed nationally on December 1, 1941, as
an auxihary of the United States Army Air Corps. It was a part of the Ci\il Defense
structure and shortly thereafter became involved in the war effort. In 1948, Congress
made the Ci\al Air Patrol an official auxiliary of the United States Air Force.

The North Carolina Wing of the Civil Patrol became a state agency in 1953 and
was transferred to the Department of Mihtary and Veterans Affairs in 1971. In 1977,
it was transferred from the Department of Military and Veterans Affairs to the newly-
formed Department of Crime Control and Public Safety.

There are 39 squadrons m the North Carolina Wing. Although the wing is
partially funded by the state, the department has no operational control over it.
Many members operate their own airplanes and fly at their own expense; however,
membership dues, donations, grants, estates, state funds and Air Force
reimbursements account for a large portion of the wings budget. The Civil Air
Patrol fulfills three primar)' functions:

Emergency Services

Emergency Services is a function with which the Civil Air Patrol is most involved.
It entails air search and rescue and local disaster relief and emergency preparedness
plans, pro\T.ding fixed, mobile or airborne communications during emergencies.

Aerospace Education and Training

Aerospace Education and Training is designed to inform the public about
aerospace activities. The CAP supports aerospace education workshops for teachers
at colleges and universities throughout the United States. These programs prepare
teachers to teach aerospace education courses in their schools or to use the
information to enrich traditional classroom subjects. Scholarships are awarded to
deserving cadets and senior members for study in engineering, the humanities,
education, science and other fields related to aerospace.

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Cadet Training Program

The Cadet Training Program provides young people, ages 13 through 18, with
opportunities for leadership and education. The program teaches cadets aviation,
search and rescue, individual and group discipline and personal development, gi\ing
them the opportunity to serve themselves and their communities, state, nation and
all humanity to the fullest extent of their capabilities.

Emergency Management Division

The evolution of emergency management in North Carolina began with passage
of the Emergency Management Act of 1977. Prior to that, the Emergency Management
Division went through two transitions from Civil Defense to Civil Preparedness.
Both Civil Defense and Civil Preparedness focused primarily on war-related disasters,
but also supported local law enforcement and fire departments in the event of a
major catastrophe. With the increased exposure of people and property to extremely
high-risk situations due to our technological advancement, the need tor a central
coordinating agency to preser\'e and protect the citizens of North Carolina from all
types of disasters, natural and man-made, soon became apparent.

The State Civil Defense Agency was transferred to the Department of Militaiy
and Veterans Affairs m 1971 and transferred again m 1977 to the newly-formed
Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, where it was named the Di\^sion
of Emergency Management. Under the direction of the Department of Crime Control
and Public Safety Emergency Management coordinates response and relief activities
in the event of a major emergency or disaster using a four-phase approach to
emergency situations: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation.

This divisions major emergency response functions are carried out by the State
Emergency Response Team (SERT). The SERT is composed of top-level management
representatives from each state agency involved m response activities. During an
emergency, the Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety is the governors
authorized representative to call and direct any state agency to respond to the
emergency. The SERT directs on-site response activities when two or more state
agencies are involved and will, upon request, direct the total response including
local, state, federal and private resources. By providing support to local governments
through response efforts, planning and training, the Division of Emergency
Management carries out its theme of cooperation, coordination, and unity

Governor's Crime Commission

The Governors Crime Commission embodies the former Law and Order
Committee created m 1968 m the Department of Natural and Economic Resources.
The Law and Order Committee was transferred to the newly- formed Department of
Crime Control and Public Safety m 1977. The Governors Crime Commission serves

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by statute as the chief advisory board to the governor and the Secretary of Crime
Control and Pubhc Safety on crime and justice issues and policies.

The 40-member commission has representatives from all parts of the criminal
justice system, local government, the legislature and other citizens. This commission
is supported by a staff in the Governors Crime Commission Division and has been
a unique forum for criminal justice in North Carolina. Throughout its history, the
Governors Crime Commission has served in a leadership role in criminal justice
planning, issue analysis, program development and coordination. The Crime
Commission has been a force behind many successful statewide programs such as
driving-while-impaired legislation, community service restitution, crime prevention
and community watch, rape victim assistance, victim compensation and sentencing
reform.

This commission currently oversees crime-related federal grant programs for
the state. These programs include the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Program, the Justice Assistance Program, the Victim of Crime Act Program and the
Drug Control and System Improvement Program. The programs bring approximately
$20 miUion in federal monies to North Carolina for criminal justice improvement
programs. The Governors Crime Commission Division serves as staff to the 40-
member Governors Crime Commission. The staff is responsible for researching
the issues under review by the commission and writing the resulting reports to the
governor. The staff also administers crime-related federal grant programs for the
state.

In an effort to streamline management, the Crime Prevention Division returned
to Its original home m the Governors Crime Commission in 1999. The division
was originally created using GCC funding and staff in 1979 to motivate citizens m
every home and community to join actively in the ftght against crime. The Crime
Prevention Division provides technical assistance and crime prevention awareness
materials free of charge to citizens, local law enforcement agencies and other groups.
Among the programs promoted and coordinated by the division are Crime Stoppers,
Community Watch, Business Crime Prevention, Sexual Assault Prevention, Crimes
Against the Elderly, Church Watch, Crime Prevention in Public Housing and others.

Highway Patrol Division

In 1929, the General Assembly of North Carolina created the State Highway
Patrol. Chapter 218 of the PubUc Laws of 1929 provides:

"That the State Highway Commission of North Carolina is hereby authonzed
and directed to create under its control and supervision a division of the State
Highway Patrol, consisting of one Captain with headquarters in the State
Highway Building at Raleigh, and one Lieutenant and three patrolmen in each
of the nine State Highway Division Districts of the State."

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The Highway Patrol was given statutoiy responsibility to patrol the highways
of the state, eniorce the motor vehicle laws and assist the motoring public. The
State Highway Commission appointed a captain as commanding ofticer of the State
Highway Patrol and nine lieutenants. These ten men were sent to Harrisburg, Pa.,
to attend a two-week training school lor state police. The captain and the nine
lieutenants returned to North Carolina and made plans for recruiting 27 patrolmen,
three for each ol the nine highway districts m the state.

The year 1929 was the first time in North Carolina histoiy that all members of
a law enforcement unit were required to go through a training school to study the
laws they would be called on to enforce. Of the original 400 applicants who applied
tor admission to the patrol, only 67 were ordered to report to Camp Glenn, an
abandoned army encampnient near Morehead City. The school ran for six weeks
and the names of the 27 men with the highest records were posted on the bulletin
board as the first State Highway Patrolmen. Others who had come through the
training course with credit were put on a reserve list to be called into seiwice as
openings occurred.

On July 1, 1929, 37 members of the patrol took their oaths of office m the hall
of the House of Representatives in the North Carolina Capitol. From this original
authorized strength of 37, the State Highway Patrol's membership has increased,
reflecting growth m the states population, interstate and state highways, and
registered vehicles and licensed drivers.

Throughout its long history the State Highway Patrol has had many homes. In
1933, the State Highway Patrol was transferred from the State Highway Commission
to the State Revenue Department. On July 1, 1941, the General Assembly created
the Department of Motor Vehicles and the State Highway Patrol was transferred
from the State Revenue Department to the Department of Motor Vehicles. The patrol
was transferred from the Department of Motor Vehicles m 1973 to the Department
of Transportation. In 1977, the patrol was transferred from the Department of
Transportation to the newly-formed Department of Crime Control and Public Safety

As the primary traffic law enforcement agency m North Carolina, the chief
responsibility of the State Highway Patrol is safeguarding life and property on the
states highways. The duties and responsibilities of the patrol are governed by the
General Statutes and consist of regularly patrolling the highways and enlorcmg all
laws and regulations pertaining to tra\'el and use of vehicles upon the highways.

Additional duties may be assigned by the governor and the secretaiy of Crime
Control and Public Satety, such as providing manpower and support for civil
disturbances, nuclear accidents, chemical spills and natural disasters. The patrol
also provides security for the governor and his family

The year 1977 also brought a change in location and facilities for the Patrols
training schools. Camp Glenn was the site tor training the first class ot Highway
Patrol recruits, but there was no permanent training site until 1946, when classes

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were held at the Institute of Government at the University of North CaroHna at
Chapel Hill. When the Patrol outgrew that site, several locations throughout the
state were considered as possible training sites and the Governor Morehead School
for the Blind located at 3318 Garner Road in Raleigh was selected.

In the fall of 1982, the Highway Patrol State Auxiliary, an organization of patrol
wives and widows, decided to place a monument at the training center in memory
of the troopers killed in the line of duty. After a fund-raising campaign to pay for its
construction, on May 18, 1986, Governor James G. Martin accepted the memorial
on behalf of the state during dedication ceremonies. The inscription on the
monument was written by Latish Williams, an employee of the Patrol Headquarters
staff:

In memory of those who lost their lives in the line of duty, we hope you see
their faces and hearts in this stone of beauty. In dedication and honor to those
who die throughout the years, we stand before this memorial and hold back the
tears. Over the years, we lost brave troopers who were our comrades and friends.
We dedicate this monument in their honor knowing that when one dies, life
begins.

Law Enforcement Support Services

Law Enforcement Support Ser\dces (LESS) is a unique state program that provides
surplus equipment from the U.S. Department of Defense free to state and local law
enforcement agencies for use in counter-drug activities. Under the provisions of the
National Defense Appropriations Act of 1989, the Department of Crime Control
and Public Safety was designated as the agency in North Carolina that would handle
distribution of miUtary surplus items to local and state law enforcement agencies.

LESS was formally created in 1994 to provide a coordinated means for local
agencies to obtain federal surplus equipment. The section maintains a list of requests
from local agencies, then obtains equipment in bulk and distributes it to the agencies
that requested a particular item first. In order to receive the surplus equipment,
agencies must describe their counter-drug efforts and justify the need for any items
they request. Between May 16, 1994, and March 31, 2000, LESS issued items
valued at a total of $81,358,028 to 420 police departments and sheriffs offices in
100 counties, as well as to 18 state agencies.

LESS also administers the North Carolina PoUce Corps scholarship program,
which is designed to place officers who are college graduates in smaller law
enforcement agencies involved in community-oriented pohcing. There is also a
scholarship for dependent children of officers killed while performing official police
duties.

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National Guard Dixision

Since the colonial era ol ihis nations history, there have been citizen soldiers
who worked at their trades, jobs, farms, professions and other liveUhoods, while
also serving as members of organized mihtia units. When needed, these citizen-
soldiers assisted in the dclense of life, property and their community. The North
Carolina National Guard has its roots in this tradition.

The National Guard today is the organized miHtia of the state and the governor
is the commander-in-chief. The National Guard is also a part of the Armed Forces'
reserve force structure with the president as commander-in-chief, which gives the
guard a federal as well as a state mission.

As the state militia, the guard has a long histoiy of ser\'ice to the people of the
state. On numerous occasions, the guard has provided assistance to state and local
authorities when natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, hres and tornadoes
occurred and during civil disturbances and other law enforcement emergencies that
required additional trained manpovv^er to supplement state and local resources.

As a part of the resen-e forces of the United States Armed Forces, the guard has
been called or ordered to active federal ser\'ice to defend the nation. Early militia
and modern guard units have responded to this need since the Revolutionary War.
The N.C. National Guards most recent combat experience came m the Persian Gulf
War of 1991 when thousands of North Carolinians spent months m Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait and Iraq. More recently North Carolina National Guard members have ser\'ed
extended tours of duty m Bosnia, Croatia, Somalia and Haiti.

In 1806, following the War for American Independence, under the authority of
the Militia Acts of 1792 and 1795 passed by the U.S. Congress, the General Assembly
passed a law establishing the Adjutant Generals Department. The militia then began
to become better organized and trained. For many years the State Guard, as it was
then known, had no federal recognition; and at the time of the Spanish-American
War 111 1898, it was discovered that the president of the United States had no authority
to order the guard into federal sen'ice. Under the Acts of Congress of June 3, 1916,
a definite place m the national defense structure was created for the guard; and the
State Guard became the National Guard.

Since this change in the federal laws, the National Guard has become an integral
part of the country's hrst line of defense. With the backing of the federal government
and laws passed by the respective states based upon the National Defense Acts, the
National Guard has continuously, through its training, developed a high standard
of efficiency Today it is recognized as an important part of the Army of the United
States. In 1947, the Army Air Corps was designated the United States Air Force and
became a separate component of the armed ser\aces. At the same time, the National
Guard of the United States was divided into the Army National Guard and the Air
National Guard.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The Department of Defense continues to expand the role of the guard in the
national defense plan and to develop a "One Army" concept of active and reserve
forces. Today, the North Carolina Army and Air Guard consists of more than 14,000
soldiers and airmen. It is a modern, well-trained force which continues to distinguish
itself in peacetime and to fulfill both its federal and state missions. Guard troops are
equipped with some of the most modern miUtary equipment: the Ml Abrams Tank,
the M2 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle, the M60-A3 Main Battle Tank, the AH 60
Black Hawk Helicopter and the AH 64A Apache Attack Helicopter.

The North Carolina Army National Guard continues the tradition begun in
colonial times. Many units today have lineages going back 100 years or more. Not
only is the guard an important source of pride and community involvement, but it
stands ready to protect and serv^e its citizens.

Victim and Justice Services Division

The Victim and Justice Services Division formerly was a section of the Governors
Crime Commission Division. The community services alternative punishment
programs for persons sentenced under the Safe Roads Act became the responsibility
of the Department of Crime Control and PubUc Safety m 1983. The department
created a new division to administer these programs. This new division was called
the Victim and Justice Services Division. Staff and funding for this division were
drawn from the Governors Crime Commission Division and other divisions of the
department. Through field offices located in each of the states 34 judicial districts,
the Community Service Work Program places and supervises convicted offenders
who have been ordered by the court to make restitution in the form of free labor to
charitable organizations and government agencies.

Since 1983, the Community Service Work Program admitted clients who gave
the State of North Carohna 27.6 million hours of free labor with an estimated
monetar}' value of $153 milUon. Not only did the state benefit from this free labor
by offenders, it also collected more than $56 million in fees which go to the General
Fund for schools and other vital services. The combined total of services and money
to the state exceeds $200 million. Other programs have evolved from the
Community Service Work Program. The Deferred Prosecution and Community
Servdce Parole programs are administered in whole or in part by the division.

This di\ision also operates programs that provide direct services to victims and
to justice system agencies. The North Carolina Crime Victims Compensation
Commission (NCCVCC) reimburses persons for uninsured medical expenses and
lost wages resulting from violent crime. Victims may receive a maximum of $30,000,
plus an additional $3,500 for funeral expenses if the victim dies from the crime.
Claims must be submitted to the NCCVCC for verification and approval. The Rape
Victim Assistance Program provides financial assistance to victims of sex offenses

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by reimbursing the cost of emergency medical treatment and e\adence collection.
This program has ser\'ed thousands of victims since its inception m 1981. Division
staff members also conduct workshops for law enforcement officers on managing
occupational stress, using the services of a licensed psychologist to counsel police
officers.

Crime and Public Safety-Related Boards and Commissions

Governor's Advisory Commission on Military Affairs

Governor's Crime Commission

N.C. Boxing Commission

N.C. Crime Victims Compensation Commission

N.C. Emergency Response Commission

For more information about the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety
call (919) 733-2126 or visit the departments Web site at ww^v.nccrimecontrol.org.

Bryan E. Beatty

Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety

Early Years

Born March 10, 1958, m Salisbury, Rowan County, to
O.K. and Ellestme Dillard Beatty

Educational Background

Salisbury High School, Salisbury 1976; B.A., Political
Science, State University of New York, 1980; Law
Enforcement Certification, N.C. State Bureau of
Investigation, 1981; J.D., School of Law, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1987.

Political Activities

Secretary Department of Crime Control and Public
Safety, 2001 -Present; Director, N.C. State Bureau of
Investigation; Deputy Attorney General, N.C.
Department of Justice.

Business/Professional, Charitahlc/Civic and Community Service Organizations

Board of Directors, Pines of Carolina; Board of Directors, Frankie Lemmon School.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Governing Board, Crmiinal Justice Information Network; Governor's Crime
Commission.

Personal Information

Married, Rhonda Hubbard Beatty. Two children. Member, Redeeming Love Baptist
Church

Secretaries of Crime Control and Public Safety^

Name Residence Term

J. PhiUip Carlton^ Wake 1977-1978

Herbert L. Hyde^ Buncombe 1979

Burley B. Mitchell" Wake 1979-1982

Heman R. Clark^ Cumberland 1982-1985

Joseph W Dean^^ Wake 1985-1992

Alan V Pugh^ Randolph 1992-1993

Thurman B. Hampton^"^ Rockingham 1993-1995

Richard H. Moore' Granville . 1995-1999

Da\id E. Kellyi'^ Brunswick 1999-2000

Br)^an E. Beatty Wake 2001-Present

^ The General Assembly of 1977 abolished the Department of Military and Veterans
Affairs and created the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety

^ Carlton was appointed on April 1, 1977, by Governor Hunt. He resigned effective
Januar)^ 1, 1979, following his appointment to the N.C. Court of Appeals.

^ Hyde was appointed on January 2, 1979, by Governor Hunt to replace Carlton.

"^ Mitchell was appointed on August 21, 1979, to replace Hyde. He resigned in
early 1982 following his appointment to the N.C. Supreme Court.

^ Clark was appointed in February 2, 1982, by Governor Hunt to replace Mitchell.

^ Dean was appointed January 7, 1985 by Governor Martin.

^ Pugh was appointed June 1, 1992, to serve the remainder of the Martin
Administration.

^ Hampton was appointed by Governor Hunt and sworn m on Eebruary 3, 1993.
He resigned September 30, 1995.

' Moore was appointed by Governor Hunt and sworn in on December 1, 1995.

^° Kelly was appointed by Governor Hunt and sworn m on Nov 23, 1999.

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Department of Cultural Resources

when the North CaroUna Department ol Cultural Resources was created m
1971, it became the hrsl state government cabinet-level department for cultural
affairs established in the U.S. The purpose of the department is to enhance the
cultural climate ol North Carolina by providing access to the arts, historical resources
and libraries. Cultural Resources interprets "culture" as an inclusive term for the
many ways people have ol understanding their history, values and natural creativity.
By emphasizing the richness of North Carolina traditions, history and art, the
department works to preserve and protect the states cultural heritage for future
generations.

The department consists of two major offices: Archives and History and Arts
and Libraries. Each ofhce oversees numerous sections. The Ofhce of Archives and
History is made up of the North Carolina Museum of History, Historic Sites and
Historical Resources. The Ofhce of Arts and Libraries includes the North Carolina
Museum of Art, North Carolina Arts Council, the State Libraiy of North Carolina
and the North Carolina Symphon)'.

The Office of Archives and History

Founded in 1903 as the North Carolina Historical Commission, the North
Carolina Office of Archives and History is the agency responsible for stewardship
of the states past. The mission of the office of is to collect, preserve and utilize the
states historic resources so that present and future residents may better understand
their history. To that end, the office safeguards the documentary and material evidence
ol past generations for the education of all citizens and the protection of their
democratic rights.

The agency provides leadership and assistance to encourage the preservation of
historical resources by government agencies, private individuals, businesses and
non-profit organizations throughout the state. Archives and History looks to the
future as it endeavors to save what is important from the past and present for the
education and fulfillment of all North Carolinians. The character, cultural identity
and direction of North Carolina emerge from its historic heritage. Effective October
1, 2001, Archives and History underwent reorganization as part of other changes
within the Department of Cultural Resources. At that time, the former Division of
Archives and Histoiy was split into Historical Resources, State History Museums
and State Historic Sites under the new Office of Archu'cs and History.

Among the agency's oldest programs is the North Carolina Highway Historical
Marker Program, administered jointly with the Department of Transportation since
1935. The program, overseen by an advisory committee of scholars, identifies and
marks sites of statewide historical significance by means of cast aluminum signs on
posts alongside the stales highways. Among the newest initiatives, with annual
competitions since 1997, is National History Day, designed to promote interest in

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

history among students and to encourage them to develop skills in historical research
and presentation. Students use these skills to design an exhibit, write a paper, produce
a documentary or create a performance centered on the annual theme.

Historical Resources

The Archives and Records Section is responsible for promoting and
safeguarding the documentar}- heritage of the state, particularly as it pertains to
public offices. The section conducts statewide archival and records management
programs that help collect, reference and preserve records of state and local
governments and public universities. Open to the public five days a week, the
North Carolina State Archives houses over 55,000 cubic feet of permanently valuable
materials containing milhons of individual items. The Government Records Branch
provides and administers records management services to state government agencies,
local governments and state-supported institutions of higher education. Its holdings
are housed in four records storage facihties with a total capacity of approximately
220,000 cubic feet. The section administers the Outer Banks History Center, a
regional research facility in Manteo.

The Historical Publications Section serves to stimulate historical
investigation; promote knowledge of the history of the state; and encourage the
study of North Carolina history Two ongoing projects are the editing and publication
of the Colonial Records oj North Carolina [Second Series] and North Carolina Troops,
1861-1865, a comprehensive Ci\dl War roster. Among the sections bestselling titles
are ones on pirates and coastal history. Of particular interest to scholars are
documentary volumes of the papers of James Iredell and Zebulon Baird Vance. The
section publishes the North Carolina Historical Review, established in 1924 as a
medium of publication and discussion of history in North CaroHna. The Review,
issued quarterly, is the definitive source for the study and understanding of the
states history Carolina Comments is the quarterly newsletter of the Office of Archives
and History.

The North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office assists citizens, private
institutions, local governments and agencies of state and federal government in the
identification, evaluation, protection and enhancement of properties significant in
North CaroUna history The agency administers the National Register of Historic
Places program. The chief services of the office include the statewide survey of
historic buildings and districts; environmental reviev/ of state and federal actions
affecting historic and archaeological properties; technical assistance to owners in
the restoration of historic properties; grant assistance for historic preservation
projects; and technical assistance to local preservation commissions. The office has
produced a series of publications based upon its sur\^ey work, notably guides to
historic architecture in eastern and western sections with a piedmont volume in the
works.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Office of State Archaeology coordinates and implements a statewide
program of prehistoric, historic and underwater archaeology. The office has
professional staff in Raleigh, Asheville, Fort Fisher (near Wilmmgton) and Morehead
City The offices Research Center, completed in 1998, provides access to the states
archaeological heritage. The Underwater Archaeology Unit, established 30 years
ago, has grown to be a nationally-respected program. The unit has documented
more than 5,000 shipw^-ecks in North Carolina waters. None of these underwater
archaeological sites has had more impact than the shipwreck discovered near Beaufort
Inlet in 1996. The site dates to the early 18''' centur\' and is the oldest wreck found
in state waters. Since its discovery archaeologists have attempted to determine
whether the shipwreck is that of the pirate Blackbcards flagship. Queen Anne's
Revenge.

State History Museums

The North Carolina Museum of History m Raleigh promotes the understanding
of the history and material culture of North Carolina for the educational benefit of
North Carolinians. Through collections and historical interpretation, it encourages
citizens and visitors to explore and understand the past; to reflect on their own li\'es
and their place m histoiy; and to preser\T state, regional and local histor)^ for future
generations. Permanent exhibits include the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame
and Tar Heel Junior Historian Association Gallery Recent temporary exhibits have
dealt with the Civil War and with health and healing. The museum regularly hosts
traveling exhibits on topics ranging from colonial furniture to Presidential portraits
to Charles Lindbergh.

Founded m 1902 by Fred Olds and long known as the Hall of History the
Museum of Historx' moved to its present quarters m April, 1994. One aspect of the
museums mission is to interpret North Carolina history through the acquisition,
preservation and presentation of artifacts. The museums collection contains more
than 250,000 artifacts representative of North Carolmas past. The staff includes
specialists m design, artifact identification and provenance, conservation and
restoration techniques and historical context. Curators specialize m fields such as
agriculture and industry, community history costume and textiles, folklite,
furnishings and decoratu'e arts, militar)' histon,^ and political and socioeconomic
history. Educational programming, tailored to both students and teachers, is
structured to complement the standard course of study in state histoiy m secondar)-
schools. The museum hosts regular events geared toward adult learning, such as a
book series, concerts and lunchtime speakers programs.

The Museum of the Albemarle tells the stor\' of the people who have lived in
the Albemarle region — from Native Americans to the first English-speaking
colonists to farmers and fishermen. The museum is currently planning a move into
a new building on the waterfront m Elizabeth Cit)-. The Museum of the Cape Fear

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

in Fayetteville interprets the history and culture of southern North Carolina from
prehistory to the present. The Mountain Gateway Museum m Old Fort interprets
the mountain regions history from the earhest inhabitants through the settlement
period and into the twentieth century.

The North Carolina Maritime Museum m Beaufort is driven by its mission to
preserve and interpret all aspects of North Carolina's rich maritime heritage through
educational exhibits, programs and field trips. The museum has an active
boatbuilding program and offers environmental education programs, including one
at Cape Lookout. Maritime museum branches are located in Southport and on
Roanoke Island.

State Historic Sites

The North Carolina State Capitol, completed in 1840, is one of the finest and
best-preserved examples of a major civic building in the Greek Revival style of
architecture. Located in the 1916 Andrews-London House, the Capital Area Visitor
Center is a permanent information center for more than 100,000 annual visitors to
Raleighs state-owned and cultural attractions.

Tryon Palace Historic Sites & Gardens pro\ades daily tours of North Carolina s
restored colonial capitol and governors residence in New Bern, originally completed
in 1770 for Governor William Tryon. The site also includes the John Wright Stanly
House (ca. 1779), the Dixon-Stevenson House (ca. 1830), the New Bern Academy
(ca. 1809) and 14 acres of period-inspired gardens. Recently acquired, for
development as a history education and visitors center, is the six-acre Barbour Boat
Works shipyard tract. The staff researches, collects, preserves and interprets the
material culture relating to the period from 1770 to 1865. Recent initiatives have
included revised presentations for the costumed interpreters and in-depth research
on the regions African-American history.

The USS Battleship North Carolina, berthed on the Wilmington waterfront,
has provided two distinctly different services. In her hrst life, from 1941 to 1947,
the vessel was a battle-tested veteran of World War II. In her second life, launched
in October 1961, she is North Carolina's memorial to its World War II veterans, a
tourist attraction and a museum.

Roanoke Island Festival Park m Manteo blends history, education, and the
arts in a celebration of Roanoke Island, the site of England's first attempt to colonize
North America in the 1680s. The park's attractions include the Elizabeth U, replica
of a sixteenth-century sailing vessel; the Roanoke Adventure Museum; an outdoor
pavilion; and an art gallery.

The North Carolina Transportation Museum at Spencer Shops is housed in
what once was Southern Railway's largest repair facihty, acquired by the state in
1977. In 1996, the centennial year of the shops, the roundhouse opened to the
public. Presently, the major focus is the rehabilitation of the back shop for exhibits.

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The remaining 22 State Historic Sites preserv^e throughout North Carolina significant
properties related to events, people and themes important to the states past.
Administrative staff ofhccs are maintained in Raleigh and New Bern. The sites
encompass buildings and grounds for the enjoyment of visitors and for future
generations who wish to learn more about the Tar Heel State. In addition, artifacts
unique to each site are preserved so that the people and their times can be better
understood. Most sites have visitor centers with interactive exhibits, multimedia
presentations and picnic tacilities.

The sites are administered by region. In the Northeast region are Historic Bath,
Historic Edenton, Historic Halifax and Somerset Place. In the Piedmont region are
Alamance Battleground, Bennett Place, Charlotte Hawkins Brown Museum, Duke
Homestead, House in the Horseshoe, Stagville and Town Creek. In the Southeast
region are Aycock Birthplace, Bentonville Battleground, Brunswick Town, CSS Ncusc
and Fort Fisher. In the West region are Fort Dobbs, Home Creek, Polk Memorial,
Reed Gold Mine, Thomas Wolfe Birthplace, and Vance Birthplace.

The Ofhce of Archives and Histor)' maintains ser\ice branches m Asheville and
Greenville, offering professional expertise m historic resource management. The
Western and Eastern Ofhces include specialists m archival management, preservation
and site operations. For more detailed information about the North Carolina Office
of Archives and History including hours, directions, names of staff members, events
listings and news updates, see the agency's Web site at www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us.

The Office of Arts and Libraries

North Carolina is a state of cultural hrsts: the hrst m the U.S. to devote public
funds for an art collection; the hrst local arts council; the hrst state-supported arts
school; and the first to provide continuous funding to a state symphony. These
programs, which provide education, entertainment and vast enjoyment for hundreds
of thousands people each year, are part of the Ofhce of Arts and Libraries of the
N.C. Department of Cultural Resources through the divisions of the North Carolina
Symphony, the North Carolina Arts Council, the North Carolina Museum of Art
and the State Libraiy of North Carolina.

North Carolina Symphony

The North Carolina S)miphony has the distinction of being the first orchestra
m the country to receive continuous state funding. When the 1943 General Assembly
passed what it called the "Horn-Tootin' Bill," the symphony began taking the
orchestra to the people of the state, a tradition that continues today. In its role as
North Carolina s premier performing arts organization, the North Carolina Symphony
travels more than 20,000 miles during the regular season each year, performing in
large and small communities from the mountains to the coast. Presenting
approximately 175 concerts throughout the state, the orchestra reaches 100,000
children and more than 200,000 adults each year.

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Under the leadership of Music Director and Conductor Gerhardt Zimmermann
and Associate Conductor William Henry Curry, the North Carolina Symphony ranks
as one of the nations major orchestras, presenting the finest in live, symphonic
music. In addition to its outstanding reputation, the symphony also has one of the
most extensive music education programs m the country Approximately 50 of its
yearly concerts are given free of admission to school children throughout the state
in their home communities.

Along vvdth its statewide concerts, the orchestra presents 75 classical and pops
concerts each year in the Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill and Car}' metropolitan area.
The North Carolina Symphony is a full-time, professional orchestra with 64
members, currently based in Raleigh's world-class Meymandi Concert Hall, one of
the nations premier acoustical environments.

This highly respected orchestra has appeared twice at Carnegie Hall m New
York City and once each at Orchestra Hall in Chicago and the Kennedy Center in
Washington, D.C. World-renowned soloists and conductors, including Andre Watts,
Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg, Doc Severinsen, Raymond Leppard and Lynn Harrell,
regularly perform with the North Carolina Symphony The symphony has produced
four recordings: one of Durham composer Robert Ward's compositions; one of
holiday pops music; an all-Beethoven recording; and a recording of patriotic works
entitled American Favorites.

State Library of North Carolina

The State Library has a long and proud history, beginning with its founding in
1812 as a collection of books in the office of the Secretary of State and the appointment
of the first full-time State Librarian in 1843. Another historical milestone was the
establishment of the North Carohna Library Commission in 1909. Its primary
mission was to provide assistance, advice and counsel to all libraries, all communities
that proposed to estabUsh libraries and all persons interested in the best means of
establishing and administering libraries. By action of the General Assembly in 1955,
the State Library and the Library Commission were merged to form a single State
Library. Today, the State Library is a division of the Department of Cultural Resources.
The State Library Commission, a 15-member group of citizens and professional
librarians, advises the Secretar}' of Cultural Resources and the State Librarian on
priorities and policy issues.

The State Library of North Carolina focuses its services to the people of the
state in three ways: (1) by working in partnership with local communities to develop
public library services statewide; (2) by developing library networks and coordinating
efforts among all types of libraries to provide access to electronic information
resources through a modern telecommunications infrastructure; and (3) by operating
the State Library, which provides services to a constituency which includes
government officials, business people and the general public with an emphasis on

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genealogy researchers and blind and physically handicapped people in North
Carolina.

The Library Development Section works closely with local communities to
ensure that e\-er\' public librai')' in the state offers the best possible service. The
section staff also works with libraries in North Carolina's public schools, colleges
and universities to strengthen librar)^ ser\'ices statewide. The consultant staff provides
continuing education, consulting assistance and other types of support to local
library statf, libraiy board members and local ofhcials. Section staff manage a rich
arra)' of statewide programs that support the efforts of local libraries as well as two
grant programs aimed at strengthening local library senices.

The Internet is transiorming the way that North Carolina's libraries do business.
The new telecommunications technologies are removing barriers created by rural
isolation, poverty, and institutional resources. The State Library provides a variety
of programs and services to help local public libraries close the ''digital divide" in
their community by providing access to the Internet to people of ages. Another
innovative program — NC LIVE — provides access to magazine articles and reference
books online to librar)- patrons m all 100 counties. StartSquad.org is an Internet
portal designed by the states librarians to provide a well-organized selection of web
sites lor children m preschool through middle school and NCECHO.org links a
wealth of information about North Carolina's history and culture in its libraries,
museums, archives and historical societies.

The Library Services Section acquires and makes available informational
materials to meet the work-related needs of state government employees; selves as
North Carolina's official state documents depository; and pro\T.des information for
genealogy researchers. The section's Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped
offers free senice to any North Carolinian unable to hold or read ordinary^ printed
library materials because of physical or \'isual disability

North Carolina Aits Council

Since 1967, the North Carolina Arts Council has enriched the cultural liie of
the state by nurturing and supporting excellence m the arts and providing
opportunities for ever}^ North Carolinian to experience the arts. Through a 24-
member board of directors appointed by the Governor, the Arts Council serves as
the steward of state and federal funds appropriated for arts programs. The Arts
Council is recognized nationally for its innovative leadership. Its programs include:

Arts in Communities: Arts in Communities works with local arts councils,
multicultural organizations and local government agencies to make the arts an integral
part of community life. Its Grassroots Arts Program, a per-capita funding program,
is recognized nationally as a model for stimulating community-based arts
development by emphasizing local decision-making. Arts m Communities also
directs the Regional Artists Project Grant program, which provides funds to consortia

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

of local arts councils to award artist project grants and the Multicultural Organizational
Development Program, which assists previously under-served communities.

Arts in Education: Through Arts in Education Partnerships, the Arts Council
encourages long-term collaborations between arts organizations, artists and schools
and it funds artist residencies in schools. This underscores the key role the arts play
at the core of learning.

Cultural Tourism; The Arts Council pro\"ides consultations, technical assistance,
information and grants to help arts organizations develop tourism initiatives.
Marketing and public relations strategies promote the states arts resources to tourists.

Folklife: The Arts Council documents and celebrates the states cultural heritage;
promotes appreciation of folklife; and surveys traditional culture across the state.
Folk Heritage Awards began in 1989; nearly 100 have been honored since then.

Literary, Visual and Performing Arts: The Arts Council provides financial
support, information resources and organizational development assistance to literary,
visual and performing arts organizations around the state. Fellowships are awarded
to artists each year to support their work and, thus, the creative vitality of the state.

Touring and Presenting: The Arts Council produces a Usting of selected North
CaroUna artists and companies in all discipUnes. It provides funds to organizations
to hire artists and companies for school or community activities, such as
performances, workshops, residencies and after-school and summer programs.

Public Art: The Arts Council administers the Artworks for State Buildings
program, which includes 63 artworks. Staff also provides assistance to communities
interested in public art projects and community design through its program. Creating
Place.

Communications: The Arts Council produces the journal, NCarts, which covers
issues and activities of statewide importance in the arts. A website, www.ncarts.org,
provides access and links to arts programs locally and nationally. The Arts Council
also provides research services, data about the arts and maihng hsts.

North Carolina Museum of Art

The North Carolina Museum of Art houses one of the finest collections of art in
the Southeast, a collection that includes paintings and sculpture representing 5,000
years of artistic achievements from ancient Egypt to the present. When the General
Assembly appropriated one million dollars in 1947 "to purchase an art collection
for the state," North Carolina became the first state in the nation to devote public
funds for that purpose. With that first appropriation, the museum acquired 139
European and American paintings including works by Rubens, Canaletto,
Gainsborough, Copley and Homer. This appropriation attracted a gift from the
Samuel H. Kress Foundation, which donated most of the museum's collection of
Italian Renaissance and Baroque art.

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0\'er I he decades the museums collection has grown considerably. Major works
by such European masters as Cranach the Elder, Aertsen, Canova, Monet and Pissarro
have been added to the core collection. The modern collection features an exceptional
group of German Expressionist paintmgs, as well as notable works by Hartley,
O'Keeffe, Benton, Giacometti, Kline, Motherwell, Diebenkorn and Bearden. The
museum also collects the art of our own time including important works by Wyeth,
Stella, Murray, Katz, Kuitca and three contemporary German masters: Baselitz, Kiefer
and Richter. The collection also has extended its reach to embrace Egyptian and
Classical art and the art of Africa, Oceania and Ancient America. A galler)' of Jewish
ceremonial art is one o^ the onl)- two such displays in a general art museum m the
nation.

Docents conduct lours of the permanent collection and tours of special
exhibitions for groups, including school children that visit the museum for tours
geared to their curriculum. The museum presents lectures, concerts, films, classes,
workshops for children and seminars for teachers. During warm weather months,
the museums Joseph M. Bryan, Jr., Theater is the setting for a wide range of popular
outdoor programs and events.

Eounded and administered bv the North Carolina Art Societv until 1961, the
museum is today a division of the Department of Cultural Resources. Annual
operating support is provided through state appropriations and contributions from
the private sector administered b)' the North Carolina Museum of Art Foundation.
A full-senice restaurant and a gift shop are available to visitors. Admission to the
museum is free; however, there may be an admission charge for special exhibitions
or programs.

Special Progianis

In addition to the many programs and services already under way through the
various divisions o^ the N.C. Cultural Resources, the department also sponsors
cultural programs targeted to special populations including people of color, the
disabled and residents of correctional institutions. The departments goal is to assure
that the richness of North Carolmas cultural heritage should be available to everyone.

Culture-Related Board and Commissions

1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission

Edenton Historical Commission

Executive Mansion Fine Arts Committee

First Flight Centennial Commission

Governors Business Council on Arts and Humanities Board

Historic Bath Commission

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Historic Hillsborough Commission

Historic Murfreesboro Commission

John Motley Morehead Memorial Commission

Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) Advisory Committee

National Register Advisory Board

North Carolina Art Society Board

North Carolina Arts Council Board

North Carolina Awards Committee

North Carolina Highway Historical Marker Commission

North Carolina Historical Commission

North Carolina Museum of Art Board

North Carolina Museum of History Associates

North Carolina Public Librarian Certification Commission

North Carolina State Library Commission

North Carolina Symphony Foundation, Inc.

North Carolina Symphony Society Board

Roanoke Island Historical Association Board (The Lost Colony)

Roanoke Island Commission (Elizabeth II)

State Capitol Advisory Committee

State Historical Records Advisory Board

Tryon Palace Commission

USS North Carolina Battleship Commission

Vagabond School of Drama Board

For more information on the Department of Cultural Resources, call (919)
733-4867 or visit the departments Web site at http ://web . dcr. state . nc. us .

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Lisbeth Evans

Secretary of Cultural
Resources

Early Years

Born lo James Win I red and Trudie Clark
E\ans on September 7, 1952, in Clarklon,
Bkiden County.

Educational Background

Ckirkton High Sehook 1970; B.S., Wake
Forest University, 1974; MBA, Babcoek
School of Management, Wake Forest
University, 1978.

Professional Background

Secretary, N.C. Department of Cultural
Resources.

Political Activities

Chair, N.C. Democratic Party, January, 1996,

to February, 1998; Chair, Womens Campaign Fund.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board of Trustees, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center; Women Executives
m State Government; Board, Second Han-est Food Bank of Northwest N.C.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Golden L.E.A.F. (Long-Term Economic Advancement
Foundation), Inc.; N.C. Information Resource Management Commission; Board,
N.C. School of the Arts.

Honors and Awards

Public Service Award, YWCA of Winston-Salem; Forsyth County Democratic Woman
of the Year; Richardson L. Preyer Award, Leadership North Carolina.

Personal Information

Married, James Tate Lambie. Three children. Member, Augsburg Lutheran Church.

Secretaries of Cultural Resources^

Name Residence

Samuel T. Ragan- Moore

Grace J. Rohrer' Forsyath

Sara W. Hodgkms"* Moore

Patric G. Dorsey^ Craven

Betty R. McCain^ Wilson

Lisbeth C. Evans Forsyth

Term

1972-1973

1973-1977

1977-1985

1985-1993

1993-2000

2001 -Present

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

' The Executive Organization Act of 1971 created the Department of Art, Culture
and History with provisions for a secretary appointed by the governor. The
Organization Act of 1973 changed the name to the Department of CuUural
Resources.

-^ Ragan vv'as appointed by Governor Scott.

^ Rohrer was appointed on January 5, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Ragan.

"^ Hodgkms was appointed on January 10, 1977, by Governor Hunt to replace
Rohrer.

5 Dorsey was appointed January 7, 1985, by Governor Martin to replace Hodgkins.

^ McCain was appointed January 11, 1993 by Governor Hunt.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

The N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources has a long and
diverse history. When North Carolina began enforcing game laws in 1738, acting
years before statehood became a fact, the process began to form what we know
today as the Department of En\'ironment and Natural Resources.

By 1850, the state had embarked on an ambitious earth sciences program to
include not only physical sciences but also agricultural and forestry functions. In
1823, the North Caroliria Gcok^gical Survey was formed, later expanded, and m
1905 renamed the N.C. Geological and Economic Survey — the forerunner
organization to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

State direction on environmental matters picked up speed as the 20th Century
dawned. As early as 1899, the State Board of Health was given some statutory
powers over water pollution affecting sources of domestic water supply The states
power to control the pollution of North Carolina's water resources has remained
constant since.

The state employed its first graduate forester m June of 1909, leading to the
creation of the North Carolina Forest Service (known today as the Division of Eorest
Resources) m 1915. When it was established, the services only task was to prevent
and control wildfires.

Also m 1915, the state parks system was born when Governor Locke Craig
moved the General Assembly to save Mount Mitchell before loggers could ruin it.
Legislators created Mount Mitchell State Park m response to the go\'ernors request.
That same year federal and state laws were passed to protect watersheds and streams.
The assembly established the North Carolina Fisheries Comniission Board, charging
it with the stewardship and management of the states fishery resources. The board
has the administrative power to regulate fisheries, enforce fishery laws and
regulations, operate hatcheries and cany out shellfish rehabilitation activities.

By 1925, the North Carolina Geological and Economic Survey took another
step m its evolution, becoming the Department of Consen-ation and Development.
The new department consolidated many natural resource functions. Its original
focus was on geology, but its involvement in managing many other associated natural
resources also grew. Although the Depression slowed business at all levels, public
programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) were a boon to North
Carolina's natural resource programs. More than 76,000 CCC workers fanned out
across the state, constructing fire towers, bridges, erosion control dams and
buildings, planting trees and fighting forest fires. Many of the facilities m our state
parks built by the CCC are still m use today.

The Division of Forest Resources established its nurser)' seedling program in
1924, adding a management branch m 1937 and creating a State Parks Program as
a branch operation in 1935. A full-time Superintendent oi State Parks was hired

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

and the stage was set for parks management to develop into division status by
1948.

By the late 1930s, interest had declined in managing the states geological and
mineral resources, the function that has sparked the organizational push for natural
resource management in the first place. Geological and mineralogical investigations
at both federal and state levels were poorly supported financially From 1926-1940,
the Division of Mineral Resources was hterally a one-man show, operated by the
State Geologist.

The war years (1938-1945) provided new impetus for state involvement in
managing North Carolina's geological and mineral resources thanks to the need for
minerals to meet wartime shortages.

The state and the U.S. Geological Survey undertook an ambitious cooperative
effort in 1941, beginning with a ground water resources study. That effort continued
through 1959, when the Department of Water Resources was formed. Also in 1941,
North Carolina conducted a far-ranging study of geology and mineral resources in
the western regions of North Carolina in cooperation with the Tennessee Valley
Authority.

A long legislative struggle that lasted three full sessions of the General Assembly
brought the states first comprehensive, modern water pollution control law in 1951.
The cornerstone of North Carolina's early 19th Century effort to affect our
environmental lifestyle - water and geology - was ftnally being forged into law.

The N.C. 1951 State Stream Sanitation Act (renamed in 1967 as the Water and
Air Resources Act) became the bedrock for today's complex and inclusive efforts to
protect the state's water resources. The act also provided an important part of the
legal basis for today's water pollution control program. It established a pollution
abatement and control program based on classifications and water quahty standards
applied to the surface waters of North Carolina.

By 1959, the General Assembly had created the Department and Board of Water
Resources, moving the State Stream Sanitation Committee and its programs into
the new department. In 1967, the agency was renamed the Department of Water
and Air Resources. The department remained active in water pollution control and
continued to develop a new air pollution control program.

The Division of Forest Resources expanded its comprehensive services during
the 1950- 1970s, as did many of the state agencies concerned with the growing
complexity of environmental issues. The nation's hrst Forest Insect and Disease
Control Program was set up within the division in 1950. The Tree Improvement
Program began in 1963. The Forestation Program was added in 1969 and the first
Educational State Forest became operational in 1976.

For the first half of this century, North Carolina's state parks grew simply through
the generosity of pubHc-spirited citizens. Appropriations for operations were minimal

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

until the State Parks Program was established within the N.C. Forest Service in
1935. The parks were busy sites for military camps m the 1940s, but isolated
leisure spots for most of the years before and after World War II.

Steady growth in park attendance, and a corresponding need for more
appropriations to serve that growth, surfaced m the early 1960s and contmues
today The 1963 State Natural Areas Act guaranteed that future generations will have
pockets of unspoiled nature to enjoy. The 1965 Federal Land and Water
Consenatit")]! Fund required the state to have a viable plan for park growth.

The General Assembly pumped new financial life into the state park system
with major appropriations in the 1970s for parkland acquisition and operations.
By the mid-1980s, visitation at state parks had risen to six million visitors per year.
Facilities were taxed to the limit and a new era of parks expansion and improvements
was beginning.

In the 1960s, the need to protect fragile natural resources was evident on several
fronts. The Division of Geodetic Survey began in 1959; the Dam Safety Act was
passed by the General Assembly m 1967; and North Carolina became the first state
to gain federal approval of its Coastal Management Program with the 1974 passing
of the Coastal Area Management Act. By the early 1970s, the states involvement m
natural resource and community lifestyle protection bore little resemblance to the
limited structure of state organizations of the late 1800s.

The Executive Organization Act of 1971 placed most of the environmental
functions under the Department of Natural and Economic Resources. The act
transferred 18 different agencies, boards and commissions to the department,
including the functions of the old Department of Conservation and Development.
As some ot the titles changed and some of the duties of the earlier agencies were
combined or shifted, the stage was set for the 1977 Executive Order which created
the Department of Natural Resources and Community Development. That brought
together not only the growing community development programs, but pulled the
always popular North Carolina Zoological Park (created m 1969 and expanded
continuously since) and the Wildlife Resources Commission under the Natural
Resources and Community Development umbrella.

During the mid-1980s, however, a growing need developed to combine the
states interrelated natural resources, environmental and public health regulatory
agencies into a single department. With the support of the administration, the General
Assembly passed legislation m 1989 to combine elements ol the Department of
Human Resources and the Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development (NRCD) into a single Department of Environment, Health, and Natural
Resources.

Three of the old NRCD divisions (Community Assistance, Economic
Opportunity, and Employment and Training) were transferred to other departments.
The remaining divisions were combined with the Health Services Division from

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

the N.C. Department of Human Resources to form the new agency. The creation of
the Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources (DEHNR) ushered
in a new relationship between the environment and the health of the state's
communities and citizens.

From 1989 to 1997, new DEHNR divisions were formed, others split and still
others expanded in both manpower and regulatory authority. The increases and
changes were in response to a new awareness by the public and businesses that
North Carolina's growing industrial, commercial and population expansion was
exactmg a high price on natural resources.

The new agencies included the Office of Minority Health and its Minority Health
Advisory Committee, legislatively created m 1992. The Governor's Council on
Physical Fitness and Health and Healthy Carolinians 2000 followed. The state's
three aquariums merged into one office inside DEHNR in 1993 and the Museum of
Natural Sciences followed suit the same year.

The Ofhce of Environmental Education was created in 1993 to educate the
pubUc — and North Carolina youth in particular — about what constitutes the
environment that supports us. Several of the department's health agencies were altered
to meet pubUc concerns about infant mortaUty AIDS, septic tank systems and rabies.

Those and other administrative changes between 1990 and 1996 resulted in an
increase m Department manpower. Staffing reached 4,650 by 1997. The growing
response to environmental problems brought an infusion of money for inspectors,
new regulatory powers and a speed-up of the permit processes.

North Carolina's state parks system received major attention in the mid-1990s.
Voters approved a $35 million bond package in 1993 for capital improvements to
a deteriorating park system and land purchases to expand some parks. Two years
later, the General Assembly for the hrst time gave the troubled parks system a
guaranteed future source of funding — 75 percent of what the state had been taking
from the excise tax on real estate tax transfers will now go to support our parks.

As the decade of the 1990s dawned, legislators allocated substantial sums of
money for programs to clean up the most dangerous of 10,000 underground
gasoline storage tanks thought to be leaking at any given time in the state. Some of
the state's gasoUne tax revenues have been earmarked to help owners clean up tank
spills.

By the mid-1990s, the fund was facing a dehcit because of the overwhelming
costs involved and the large numbers of underground tanks potentially leaking
beneath North Carolina's soil. The department also began to respond to new concerns
about fish kills, polluted streams and run-off of nitrogen and other substances into
rivers and creeks. In 1995 and 1996, animal waste spills into rivers in eastern
North Carolina led to a stiffening of waste management requirements; the addition

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

of inspectors to its water quality and its soil and water conservation divisions; and
training requirements for farm operators.

With the health tunctions of DEHNR growmg at a rate matchmg the growth of
envn'onmental pressures, the 1996 General Assembly divided the department once
again. On June 1, 1997, health functions were transferred to the Department of
Human Resources — which changed its name, as well.

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources was born. Before the
new department was even a year old, water pollution was rising to the top of the
states list of environmental concerns.

Chemists and scientists waged battle daily with "headline" problems — pfiesteria
and hog waste spills. Pfiesteria was isolated as a dangerous hsh-related organism
suspected to have caused massive hsh kills in the summers of 1995, 1996 and
1997. The slipper)' problem of identifying and controlling non-pomt sources of
pollution placed more departmental emphasis on problems of stormwater and
sedimentation run-off and nutrient pollution.

In August, 1997, Governor Hunt signed into law the most comprehensive
piece of environmental legislation in the states history. It mandated a moratorium
on hog farms, gave county government new power to control the swine industry,
and tightened Umits on how much nitrogen cities and industries can discharge into
nutrient-sensitive waters. Later that year, the states Environmental Management
Commission approved a plan to reduce nitrogen m the Neuse River watershed by
30 percent.

The 20th Centuiy closed with an increased emphasis on preserving open space
and tackhng air pollution m North Carolina. The state passed new rules requiring
power plants and other industries to reduce their emissions of ozone-formmg
pollutants by more than two-thirds between 2000 and 2006. Lawmakers also passed
legislation that expanded and enhanced the emissions testing program for motor
vehicles. The new testing program expanded the program from nine counties to
48. Motor vehicles account for about half of the states nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions, the mam cause of ozone. A lung irritant, ozone threatens health, especially
among children, senior citizens and people with respiratory problems. It also
damages crops and forests and threatens continued economic growth.

North Carolina Governor Mike Easley later joined the govenors of Tennessee,
South Carolina and Georgia in signing a set of regional air principles focusing on
the cooperative effort needed to address air pollution across the Southeast.

To support land preservation m a time of rapid growth, lormer Governor Jim
Hunt called for the conservation and preservation of an additional one million
acres m North Carolina for open space, gamelands and recreation by 2010. The
General Assembly later enacted legislation putting the million-acre goal into state
law. The initiative encourages the creation of public-private partnerships to preserve

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

an additional one million acres of farmland, forests, gamelands, wetlands and other
undeveloped land in North Carolina over the next ten years. In 2002, DENR created
the Office of Conservation and Community Affairs to lead open-space preservation
efforts by focusing on three key areas: protecting and restoring natural areas,
advancing stewardship on private and working lands and protecting and restoring
sounds and ocean habitats.

Perhaps no other state agency equals the complexity of responsibilities nor
deals more directly with the public than does the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources. Its day-to-day operations touch the lives of North Carolinians
constantly, from the quality of water coming out of the faucets in their homes to
how many campsites are available for their use at a state park.

The departments work is carried out by nearly 3,700 employees. Most of these
personnel are located in Raleigh, but a significant number must be stationed at
specific sites throughout North CaroUna to serve the public and protect the states
natural resources.

Office of the Secretary

Policy and administrative responsibility for the far-flung operations of the
department rests with a secretary appointed by the governor. Working with the
secretary to manage the departments divisions and offices are a chief deputy secretary
and two assistant secretaries. Functions within the Office of the Secretary include:

Office of Conservation and Community Affairs: This office oversees department-
wide initiatives in land and water conservation. It also leads the development and
implementation of a comprehensive statewide conservation plan Involving
government agencies, private organizations, landovvmers and the public.

Office of the General Counsel: The Office of the General Counsel provides legal
opinions and advice to divisions in the department; negotiates settlement agreements;
reviews and evaluates the legal aspects of department activities and programs;
conducts all personnel case appeals; and administers enforcement actions taken by
the department.

Office of Legislative and Inter- Governmental Affairs: This office is the
Idepartment's liaison with the North Carolina General Assembly and local
j governments. Part of its role is to monitor proposed legislation and the work of
legislative study commissions and research committees. It also directs the work of
IJthe departments field representatives. The office works closely with each division
I to ensure adequate representation of the departments interest.

Office of Public Affairs: Public Affairs provides graphic art, publication,
photographic and writing/editing services for the department and its divisions. The
office also informs the public and media about the departments programs and
available services.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Regional Offices: Se\en straiegically located regional offices sewe as home base
for staff members from several divisions of the department, particularly those with
regulatory authority. The regional offices allovv' the department to deliver its program
services to citizens at the community level. Regional offices are in Asheville,
Fayette\ille, Mooresville, Raleigh, Washington, Wilmington and Winston-Salem.

Environmental Divisions

Air Quality Division: Air Quality regulates the quality of the air m North Carolina
through technical assistance to industries and enforcement of state and federal air
pollution standards. The division issues permits, establishes ambient air Cjuality
standards, monitors air quality and operates a vehicle inspection/maintenance
program.

Coastal Management Division: Coastal Management is responsible for canying
out the provisions of the N.C. Coastal Area Management Act. It processes major
development permits m coastal areas, reviews all dredge and hll permit applications
and administers state and federal grants and projects that are part of the N.C. Coastal
Management Program.

Environmental Health Division: Environmental Health is responsible for the
protection of public health through the control of environmental hazards that cause
human illness. Its programs include the protection of drmkmg water, wastewater I
management, restaurant sanitation grading, shellfish sanitation, pest management, i
radiation protection and lead poisoning.

Land Resources Division: Land Resources is responsible for protecting and
conserving the states land, mineral and related resources. Its programs include
sedimentation pollution control, mine land reclamation, dam safety, geodetic survey
and mineral resources consen-ation and development.

Pollution Prevention and Environmental Assistance Division: This division
coordinates the states solid waste reduction efforts. It offers technical assistance
and policy support to industries, local governments and state agencies in reducing
waste. The Pollution Prevention Program and the hazardous waste minimization
and solid waste recycling programs are the divisions core elements.

Waste Management Division: Waste Management administers programs to
regulate and manage hazardous and solid waste disposal to protect the public health.
Programs include Hazardous Waste, Solid Waste, Underground Storage Tanks and
the Super fund.

Water Quality Division: Water Quality is responsible for the comprehensive '
planning and management of the states surface water and groundwater resources.
This division issues permits to control sources ot pollution; monitors permitted
facility compliance; evaluates water quality; and pursues enforcement actions for
violations of state water resource protection regulations.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

^attr Resources Division: Water Resources conducts programs for river basin
management, water supply, water conservation, navigation, stream clearance, flood
control, beach protection, aquatic weed control, hydroelectric power and recreational
uses of water.

Natural Resources Divisions

Forest Resources Division: Forest Resources is the lead agency m managing,
protecting and developing the states forest resources. This division carries out forest
management, assistance to private landowners, reforestation, forest fire prevention
and suppression, and insect and disease control programs.

Marine Fisheries Division: Marine Fisheries establishes and enforces rules
governing coastal fisheries. It conducts scientihc research as a basis for regulatory
and developmental decisions and conducts programs to improve the cultivation,
harvesting and marketing of shellfish and fish.

N.C. Aquariums: The N.C. Aquariums promote public appreciation of North
Carolina's coastal culture and natural resources. There are three N.C. Aquariums
located at Pine Knoll Shores, Fort Fisher and Roanoke Island.

N.C. Museum of Natural Science: The museum promotes the importance of
the biodiversity of the state and the Southeastern United States by collecting,
preserving and displaying North Carolina's natural resources. It offers educational
exhibits and programs for children, teachers, adults and families to preserv^e North
Carolina's natural history.

Office of Environmental Education: Environmental Education serves as a
clearinghouse for environmental education information at the state level. The office
coordinates department environmental education programs and activities and works
with pubHc schools and libraries to educate the public about environmental issues.

Parks and Recreation Division: Parks and Recreation administers a statewide
system of park and recreation resources. It manages state parks, state natural areas,
state recreation areas, state trails, state lakes and natural and scenic rivers.

Soil and Water Conservation: Soil and Water Conservation administers a
statewide program for the conservation of North CaroHna's soil and water resources.
It serves as staff for the state's Soil and Water Conservation Commission and assists
the 94 local soil and water conservation districts and their state association.

Zoological Park: The North Carolina Zoo displays representative species of
animal and plant life from the world's land and sea masses. It also provides
educational and research opportunities. The zoo maintains a program for the
conservation, preservation and propagation of endangered and threatened plant and
animal species.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Wildlife Resources Commission

The commission is a scmi-aulonomous agency ihai manages and protects wildlife
in the state. The commission conducts restoration programs for endangered species
ot wildhfe and restocks game fish in state waters. It is responsible for boating safety
and boat registration, construction of boat access areas and hunter safety programs.
The commission conducts an extensive environmental education program for the
states school-age children. A force of wildlife officers patrols the states waters and
the commission issues permits to fish in the states water and to hunt on land areas.

Environmental and Natural Resource-Related Committees and Boards

Agriculture Task Force

Air Quality Compliance Advisory Panel

Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission

Coastal Resources Advisory Council

Coastal Resources Commission

Environmental Management Commission

Forestry Advisory Council

Inter-Agency Committee on Hazardous Waste

Marine Fisheries Commission

Mining Commission

Natural Heritage Advisory Committee

On-Site Wastewater Systems Institute Board of Directors

Parks and Recreation Council

Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Funds Council

Radiation Protection Commission

Recreation and Natural Heritage Trust Fund Board of Trustees

State Board of Sanitarian Examiners

Sedimentation Control Commission

Soil and Water Conservation Commission

Southeastern Interstate Forest Fire Protection Compact Advisory
Committee ,

North Carolina Trails Committee

Water Pollution Control System Operators Certification Commission

Water Treatment Facility Operators Certification Board

Zoological Park Council '

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The following are authorized by Secretary of Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (G.S. 113A-223)

Aquatic Weed Council

Geological Advisory Committee

Neuse-White Oak Citizen Advisory Committee

Scientific Advisory Board on Toxic Air Pollutants, Secretary's

The following are authorized by Executive Order
Geographic Information Coordinating Council

Other Boards and Commissions

Mining Commission Education Committee
Parent Advisory Council
N.C. Zoological Society
N.C. Aquarium Society
Friends of the Museum

For more information about the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources, call (919) 733-4984 or visit the departments Web site at
www.enr.state.nc.us.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William G.Ross, Jr.

Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources

Early Years

Born June 8, 1947, in Marion, McDowell
County, lo William G. and Mary Ayer Ross.

Educational Background

Broughton High School, Raleigh, 1965; B.A.
in History, Davidson College, 1969; J.D.,
University ol Virginia Law School, 1972.

Professional Background

Attorney; Partner, Brooks, Pierce, McLandon,
Mumphrey & Leonard.

Political Activities

Secretary ot Environment and Natural
Resources, 2001 -Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or
Community Service Organizations

Piedmont Land Conservancy, 1995-2000;
Board of Trustees, N.C. Environmental
Defense, 1997-2000; Board of Trustees, Nature
Conservancy, 1998-2000.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Guilford County Parks & Recreation Committee, 1988-2000.

Military Service

First Lieutenant, Infantry, U.S. Army, 1972-75. Distinguished Military Graduate,
Infantiy Ofhcer Basic Course, Fort Bennmg, Georgia.

Personal Information

Married, Susan E. Gravely; Two children. Member, Chapel of the Cross Episcopal,
Chapel Hill.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Secretaries of Environment and Natural Resources^

Name

Residence

Term

Roy G. Sowers^

Lee

1971

Charles W. Bradshaw, Jr.^

Wake

1971-1973

James E. Harrington"*

Avery

1973-1976

George W. Little^

Wake

1976-1977

Howard N. Lee^

Orange

1977-1981

Joseph W Grimsley^

Wake

1981-1983

James A. Summer^

Rowan

1984-1985

S. Thomas Rhodes'^

New Hanover

1985-1988

WilUam W Cobey, Jr.^^

Rowan

1989-1993

Jonathan B. Howes

Orange

1993-1997

Wayne McDevitt^^

Madison

1997-1999

Bill Holman^^

Wake

1999-2000

William G. Ross, Jr.

Guilford

2001 -Present

' The Executive Organization Act, passed by the 1971 General Assembly, created
the Department of Natural and Economic Resources with provisions for a secretary
appointed by the governor. The 1977 General Assembly took further steps in
government reorganization, renaming the agency the Department of Natural
Resources and Community Development. NRCD was reorganized and renamed
by legislative action m the 1989 General Assembly.

^ Sowers was appointed by Governor Scott and served until his resignation effective
November 30, 1971.

^ Bradshaw was appointed by Governor Scott and served until his resignation in
1973.

'^ Harrington was appointed on January 5, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Bradshaw. He resigned effective February 29, 1976.

^ Little was appointed on March 1, 1976, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Harrington.

^ Lee was appointed on January 10, 1977, by Governor Hunt to replace Little. He
resigned effective July 31, 1981.

'' Grimsley was appomted on August 1, 1981, to replace Lee. He resigned effective
December 31, 1983.

j ^ Summers was appointed on January 1, 1984, by Governor Hunt. He resigned
effective January 5, 1985.

^ Rhodes was appointed January 7, 1985, by Governor Martin to replace Grimsley.

^° Cobey was appointed by Governor Martin in January, 1989.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

" McDevitt was appointed by Governor Hunt in August, 1997.
'^ Holman was appointed by Governor JHunt in September, 1999.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Department of Health and Human Services

The N.C. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) builds a stronger
North Carolina by enabling individuals, families and communities to be healthy
and secure and to achieve social and economic well-being. The department's
programs and services affect the lives of all North Carolinians.

Office of the Secretary

The Secretary for the Department of Health and Human Services is the
departments chief executive officer. Appointed by the governor, the secretary holds
statutory authority to plan and direct its programs and services. The secretary is
supported by a deputy secretary; an Assistant Secretary for Aging, Long-Term Care
and Family Services and an Assistant Secretary for Health

The Department of Health and Human Services' divisions include:

Division of Aging

The Division of Aging develops and manages several programs that enhance
the lives of North Carolina's older population. This division works with local
agencies across the state to promote services that make continued independent living
a reality for the growing older adult population.

Through this division, individuals and families can receive information on the
availability of home health, adult day care, nutrition programs, legal aid and other
services in their own communities. Services are available to help active older adults
find jobs and volunteer programs in which they can continue to contribute to their
communities.

This division also provides information and support services for family caregivers
and acts as an advocate for North Carolina's older adults with regard to the federal,
state and county policies that affect their lives.

The Division of Aging's central office staff administers its programs through 18
area agencies on aging. The area agencies provide grants for services to each county.

Division of Services for the Blind

This division provides eye-related medical services, independent living services
and employment services for North Carohnians who are blind and visually-impaired.
At the same time, it promotes the prevention of blindness through educational
programs and regular vision screenings and tests for conditions such as glaucoma.

The division provides funds for eligible individuals who cannot afford eye
examinations, glasses or other treatment. Blind and visually-impaired individuals
maintain their employment or hnd new job opportunities through the division's
comprehensive Vocational Rehabilitation Program. The program provides
counseling, guidance, work evaluation and extensive job training and placement.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The dix'ision also offers sen-ices that make it possible for blind people to operate
food sen'ice, vending and some other businesses.

To help blind people achieve self-sufhciency, the Division of Services for the
Blind offers a variety of specialized services that include instruction m Braille,
computer and adaptive technology training, life skills, orientation and mobility
training through the N.C. Rehabilitation Center for the Blind.

Division of Budget and Analysis

This division addresses the departments need for m-depth, on-going monitoring
and analysis of program operations and budget utilization. The division manages
the development and operation of the departments budget.

Division of Child Development

The Division of Child Development works to ensure safe and developmentally-
appropriate child care for young children through licensing, monitoring,
investigating allegations of abuse and neglect, and regulating child care services
across the state.

Also, this division helps low-income and other eligible parents get more
affordable child care through blended state and federal subsidies. Sufficient
availability of quality child care is a top priority in a state where over 200,000
children spend part or all of their day m regulated child care.

This division is responsible for coordinating the training of personnel who
work in early childhood programs and for providing mtormation about early
childhood issues to parents and the general public. The division works hand-m-
hand with communities to establish resource and referral agencies that help tamilies
gain access to the child care services they need.

The division develops policy and manages funds for a variety of projects which i
enable local and regional agencies to provide training opportunities and public
information. Some of these projects include child care resources and referral ser\aces,
consumer education and scholarships and stipends for child care teachers.

Division of Education Services

The mission of DEs is to provide state-level leadership and policy tor the
Governor Morehead School for the Blind, Raleigh; the Eastern School for the Deaf,
Wilson; and the Western School for the Deaf, Morganton.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Division of Facility Services

This division inspects, certifies, registers and licenses hospitals, nursing homes,
mental health faciUties, adult care homes and home care programs and other health
facilities and services across the state. It also develops an annual state medical facihties
plan and administers the Certificate of Need Program to allocate facilities and services
to meet the needs identihed within it.

The division reviews health care facility designs and construction for safety and
other concerns. It also administers the Health Care Facihties Finance Act, which
authorizes the state Medical Care Commission to issue tax-exempt revenue bonds
to nonprofit health care facihties. These bonds are issued primarily for hospitals to
build or expand programs and services in their communities.

The division also oversees the effectiveness of the states emergency medical
services (EMS) system, issues permits for all ambulances in North Carolina, licenses
all EMS providers in the state and certifies all local EMS personnel. The division's
other responsibilities include inspection and compliance enforcement, as well as
construction approval, for local jails.

Division of Human Resources

This division plans and administers a comprehensive program of human resource
management that includes position classification, compensation and salary
administration, pohcy analysis, employee and management development, human
resource information systems, employee relations and human resource business

services.

Division of Information Resource Management

This division supports DHHS's business and client record-keeping needs using
some of the most sophisticated computer systems in state government. This division
also provides technical services to the department and its related agencies. The
division serves the department with policy research and leadership by finding efficient
ways to meet needs for automated systems as they are coordinated among local,
state and federal agencies.

Division of Medical Assistance

This division administers the State's Medicaid program. People eligible to receive
Medicaid include the elderly, blind and disabled, as well as children and caregivers.
Pregnant women whose income and assets are inadequate to meet the cost of health
care are also eUgible.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Medicaid, jointly administered and financed by federal, state and county
governments, pays for a comprehensive array of services including doctor visits,
hospital stays, prescription drugs, eye care, dental care, nursing home and in-home
services. County departments of social services determine eligibility. This division
also administers N.C. Health Choice for Children, a low-cost/no-cost program for
children in lower income families that earn too much to qualify for Medicaid.

Division of Mental Health, Dexelopmaital Disabilities and Substance
Abuse Services

North Carolinians aflected by mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction or a
developmental disability can receive assistance and support trom the Division of
Mental Health, Developmental DisabiHties and Substance Abuse Services.

This division operates regional psychiatric hospitals for those who need in-
patient psychiatric senices. The department works with the statewide network ot
mental health programs m communities across the state.

The divisions Special Care Center provides intermediate and skilled nursing
care for elderly patients who are affected by serious medical and mental problems
and who have been referred to the center from one of the state hospitals. The division
also responds to the special needs of children with serious emotional and behavioral
disorders through three educational institutions.

This division plans and provides residential services for people with mental
retardation and other developmental disabilities. Regional mental retardation centers
provide a wide range of services to people with severe and profound mental
retardation and other related disabiUties.

For individuals challenged by the physical and mental effects of alcohol and
other substances the division pro\ades residential and outpatient treatment at three
alcohol and drug abuse treatment centers.

This division also funds and regulates a variety of outpatient, day treatment,
residential and educational serMces available to people through area mental health
centers m the states 100 counties. These community care programs are locally
operated by area authorities managed by the local governments.

Local programs help people m the communities where they live, instead of
depending on institutionalization. Services include local crisis services, partial
hospitalization, detoxification services, residential treatment group homes, halfway
house, \'ocational workshops, family respite, educational programs and other services ^
needed by those with mental, developmental and addictive disabilities.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

DMsion of Public Health

The Division of Public Health covers a wide range of programs and semces, all
aimed toward protecting and improving the health of people who live and work in
North Carolina.

The Epidemiology Section investigates and evaluates potentially hazardous
environmental situations. It enforces control measures for communicable diseases
and certain hazardous substances such as asbestos and lead.

The State Center for Health Statistics is North Carolina's focal point for developing
and maintaining statewide health statistical data on births, deaths, marriages, divorces
and fetal deaths. The center is also responsible for collection, analysis and distribution
of data related to the health status of North Carolina's citizens. It does this through
annual publications, special research, statistical reports and electronic media. The
center houses the state's geographic information system (CIS) which maintains a
database of natural and health-related information.

The Office of Post-Mortem Medicolegal Examination is a statewide public service
organization that provides health benefits to the state's citizens. Medical examiners
provide forensic expertise in deaths caused by criminal acts, suicides and any other
suspicious, unusual or unnatural circumstances. The office also investigates the
deaths of inmates in state penal institutions and any deaths that occur without
medical attendance.

The State Laboratory of PubUc Health provides testing, training and consulting
services for local health departments, as well as providing primary laboratory support
for local health departments. The laboratory's test areas include cancer cytology,
newborn screening, environmental sciences, microbiology and virology/serology

Dental Health Services provides preventive dental and educational services to
the citizens of North Carolina. Its services include oral health screening and referral;
fluoride mouth rinse, community water fluoridation support and dental sealants.
The section assists local communities with developing local clinical programs to
improve access to dental care, especially for children.

The Office of Minority Health works to improve the health status of racial and
ethnic minorities by advocating policies, programs and services that increase access
to public health. OMH works with state and federal health agencies, local health
departments, community organizations and other public and private organizations.
The office provides partnership development, consultation, technical assistance,
training and information dissemination. OMH also facilitates access to health care
for migrant farm workers and refugee populations.

The Local Health Improvement Section focuses on building capacity at the local
level to identify and address health-related needs and assessing and documenting
the success of local efforts to improve the health of North Carolina's citizens. The
Office of Public Health Nursing and Professional Development is part of the Local

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Health Improvement Section. This office acts as a resource for policy-making related
to public health nursing practice. It also provides technical assistance to local health
departments in the areas of nursing practice, fiscal controlA)udgetary matters and
organization of support staff and records management. The office facilitates and
provides training and education for the public health workforce.

This division also includes the Women's Health, Children and Youth,
Immunization and Nutriiion Senaces sections. The sections' primaiy mission is to
assure, promote and protect the health of women, children, adolescents and families
in North Carolina.

The sections' programs include primary and preventive health senices for women
of child-bearing age, children from infancy through adolescence and children with
developmental disabilities and other special needs. The sections supports services
provided by local health departments, physician offices, community health centers,
schools, day care centers and other community organizations.

Division of Services for the Deaf and the Hard of Hearing

This division is responsible for the operation ot regional resource centers for
the deaf and hard of hearing strategically located throughout the state.

The regional resource centers provide individual and group counseling, contact
services, information and referral services, technical assistance to other agencies
and organizations, orientation to deafness training, advocacy for persons who are
deaf or hard of hearing and for those who are deaf with one or more other handicaps j
and interpreter sen'ices. In addition to making resources and training opportunities
available to persons who are deaf or hard of hearing, the centers also promote
public awareness of their needs.

This division is responsible for the management of the Telecommunications
Devices for the Deaf (TDD) special equipment distribution program to eligible
hearing and speech-impaired persons ages 7 and older. Equipment includes TTY
communication units that allow deaf and speech-disabled persons to communicate
over the telephone with others who have similar units, telephone ring signal units
and special telephone amplifiers for hard of hearing persons. |

The division conducts a community and educational interpreter assessment
and certification program to evaluate the competencies of interpreters so they may
assist persons who are deaf and heard of hearing m a wide range of situations.

The Division of Ser\'ices for the Deaf and the Hard of Hearing provides stafl and
administrative support to the N.C. Council for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. This
council IS responsible for reviewing existing state and local programs for persons
who are deaf or hard of hearing and for making recommendations to the Department

356

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

of Health and Human Senices and the division for improvements of such programs
and the need for new programs or ser\ices.

Division of Social Services

This division assists individuals and families with immediate economic and
social support. Its principal mission is to strengthen families, protect the welfare of
children and the elderly and help individuals in need move toward self-sufficiency.

This division administers the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
program. TANF includes the Work First Family Assistance, Work First Diversion
Assistance, Emergency Assistance and Work First Services programs. Other programs
administered by the division include food stamps, low-income energy assistance,
crisis intervention and state-county special assistance.

This division offers child support enforcement that ensures children receive
financial support from absent parents. It also provides foster care services that place
children m private homes, group homes and other designated living arrangements,
as well as adoption services that place children with permanent caring families. The
Division of Social Ser\ices pro\ades protective services that identify youngsters who
are at risk of abuse or neglect and provides help to assure them safety.

Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services

This division provides the states citizens with a wide range of services that
include evaluations and retraining for suitable job placement. Vocational rehabilitation
counselors work with business and community agencies to help them prepare their
work sites to accommodate employees with disabihties.

Division counselors also work extensively with clients to identify skills and
abilities m order to determine how they can be translated into satisfactory and
rewarding work. Counselors design packages of rehabiUtation services that may
include clinical treatment, personal counseling and educational preparation and
restoration services to help clients become competitive in the job market. The division
also provides services that encourage and reinforce independent and community
living for the disabled.

The Division of Vocational Rehabilitation Services manages the Disability
Determination Section (DDS) for the state. The DDS rules on disability claims filed
under the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDl), the Supplemental Security
Income (SSI) and other programs.

Council on Developmental Disabilities

The council is a planning body working to ensure that the state of North Carolina
responds to the needs of individuals with developmental disabilities — severe,
chronic mental or physical impairments which begin at an early age and substantially
limit major life activities. The council promotes the prevention of developmental

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

disabilities; ideniifies the special needs of people wiih developmental disabilities;
and helps meet those needs through interagency coordination, legislative action,
j^uhlic awareness and adx'ocacy.

Office of Citizen Services

This office guides citizens through the human service delivery system. The
office provides one-stop shopping m the Department of fiealth and Human Services
by answering questions, cutting through red tape and serving as a clearinghouse
for information on human serx'ices available to North Carolina citizens.

The Office of Citizen Sendees provides citizens with information and referral to
the proper department or non-profit agency and provides problem resolution of
concerns and complaints regarding the Department of Health and Human Services.
The office operates the Ombudsman Program and Information and Referral Service/
CARELINE.

The ombudsman is the liaison between citizens and the department and handles
problems, complaints and inquiries related to the ser\'ices provided through DHHS.

CARELINE, an information and referral ser\ice, provides callers with information
on and referrals to human service agencies withm government, as well as non-
profit agencies and support groups.

Office of Public Affairs

This office advises the secretary, management team and division directors on
communications and public relations issues. The office participates at the policy-
making level, bringing a global, public perspective to policy issues and discussions.

This office serves as the departments liaison with the news media. It produces
and disseminates public information through news releases and public service
announcements. It also provides assistance m planning, editing and producing
both external and internal communications such as newsletters, brochures, logos
and special documents.

Office of Controller

This office manages all accounting and financial reporting functions, including
payroll, cash receipts, cash disbursements, accounts receivable, accounts payable,
fixed asset accounting, cost allocation and reimbursement, cash management,
accounting systems development, internal accounting controls and resolution ol
financial audits.

Office of Government Relations

This office handles liaison functions for the Department of Health and Human
Services with the North Carolina General Assembly, U.S. Congress and federal
agencies as well as the North Carolina Association of County Commissioners and

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Other local governmental bodies. The office assists the secretary in developing and
implementing key legislative and policy initiatives.

Office of General Counsel

This office provides legal advice to the secretary and serves as the liaison between
the secretary and the Attorney Generals Ofhce. It monitors the defense of all lawsuits
filed against the department, the secretary, and department employees acting in their
official capacity.

The ofhce is also responsible for review of Administrative Procedures Act rules
and monitoring their implementation. It participates in poUcy-making decisions as
well as in the drafting and review of proposed legislation.

Office of Research, Demonstration and Rural Health Development

The principal mission of the Office of Research, Demonstration and Rural Health
Development is to strengthen and reinforce health services in rural areas by recruiting
physicians and other health professionals to work in medically-underserved
communities. The office helps communities attract and recruit health care providers
through the National Health Services Corps.

The Office of Research, Demonstration and Rural Health Development also
supports rural hospitals with technical assistance and consultative services. Since
its founding in 1973, this office has helped organize 60 community-based rural
health centers and has recruited more than 1,200 doctors and other health care
providers.

North Carolina was the first state m the nation to recognize the importance of
serving isolated, rural communities by setting up an office to meet the needs of
those areas.

Boards and Commissions

Cancer Coordinating and Control Advisory Committee

Child Day Care Commission

Commission on Anatomy

Commission for the Blind

Commission on Children with Special Health Care Needs

Commission for Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and
Substance Abuse Services

Community of Butner Planning Commission

Consumer and Advocacy Advisory Committee for the Blind

Council on Sickle Cell Syndrome

Developmental Disabilities Council

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Drug Use Review Board

Emergency Medical Services Advisor)' Council

Home and Community Care Advisory Committee

Independent Living Rehabilitation Advisory Committee

Interagency Coordinating Council for the Handicapped

Interagency Coordinating Council for the Homeless

Medical Care Advisory Committee

Medical Care Commission

Mental Health Planning Council

N.C. Commission for Health Services

N.C. Council for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing

N.C. Minority Health Advisory Council

Social Services Commission

State Health Coordinating Council

Vocational Rehabilitation Council

For more information about the N.C. Department of Health and Human Senices,
call (919) 733-4534 or visit the departments Web site at www. dhhs .state . nc . us .
For information on referrals, call CARELINF at (800) 662-7030.

Carmen Hooker Odom

Secretary of Health and Human Services

Early Years

Born m New Brunswick County to Joseph and
Carmen Ingersoll DeFrates.

Educational Background

Lower Merlon High School, Ardmore, Pa., 1962;
Bachelors m Sociology and Political Science,
Springfield College, 1966; Masters in Regional
Planning, University of Massachusetts at Amherst,
1984.

Professional Background

Secretary, N.C. Department ol Health and Human
SerMces, 2001 -Present

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Political Activities

Member, Massachusetts House of Representatives, 1984-95.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board of Directors, Millbank Memorial Fund; North Carolina Institute of Medicine;
Board, Roanoke Island Historical Association.

Personal Information

Married, Fountam Odom. Six children. Eight grandchildren. Protestant.

Secretaries of Health and Human Services^

Term

1972-1973

1973-1976

1976-1977

1977-1985

1985

1985-1987

1987

1987-1993

1993-1997

1997-2000

2001 -Present

^ The Executive Organization Act, passed by the 1971 General Assembly, created
the Department of Human Resources with provisions for a secretary appointed
by the governor.

^ Baker was appointed by Governor Scott.

^ Flaherty was appointed on Jan. 5, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Lenox Baker. Flaherty resigned in April, 1976.

"* Kirk was appointed on April 6, 1976, by Governor Holshouser to replace David
Flaherty.

^ Morrow was appointed on Jan. 10, 1977, to replace Phillip Kirk.

^ Bode was appointed effective Jan. 1, 985, and served until Phillip Kirk was
appointed.

'' Kirk was appointed on Jan. 7, 1985, by Governor Martin. He resigned effective
March 2, 1987, to serve as Governor Martins chief of staff.

^ Kayye served as interim secretary' between March 2 and April 8, 1987.

^ Flaherty was appointed on April 8, 1987, to replace Phillip Kirk.

Name

Residence

Lenox D. Baker-

Durham

David T. Flaherty"*

Wake

Phillip J. Kirk, Jr.^

Rowan

Sarah T. Morrow^

Guilford

Lucy H. Bode^

Wake

Phillip J. Kirk, Jr.^

Rowan

Paul Kayye^

Wake

David T. Flaherty'^

Wake

C. Robin Britt, Sr.

Guilford

H. David Bruton

Moore

Carmen Hooker Odom

Wake

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of Revenue

The North Carolina Dcparlmenl of Revenue administers the state tax laws and
collects taxes due the state in an impartial, uniform and efhcient manner. The
department also accounts tor the state's tax lunds; ensures uniformity of the
administration ot the revenue laws and regulations; conducts research on revenue
matters; and exercises general and specific supervision over the valuation and taxation
of property throughout the state.

The department strives to build an organization of highly-motivated employees
who work together as a team empowered by leadership and technology and who
provide quality customer service and increase compliance. The Secretaiy of Revenue,
who is appointed by the Gox-ernor and serves as a member of the Governors Cabinet,
leads the agencv

During the 2000-2001 hscal year, the department processed 9.3 milUon tax
returns representing $18.3 billion in gross collections. Additionally during this
same period, the department processed 5.6 million tax payments and made 2.7
million individual income tax refunds totalling $1.3 billion.

Before the Department of Revenue was created m 1921, several state and county
agencies administered North Carolina tax laws. The North Carolina Tax Commission
assessed the personal property of railroads, public service companies and the
"corporate excess" of all corporations. It certihed these amounts to counties tor
local taxes and to the State Auditor for state taxes.

The State Auditor billed corporations for property and franchise taxes, which
were paid directly to the State Treasurer. County officials administered the general
property tax, while the clerks of Superior Court administered the inheritance tax
under the supervision of the N.C. Tax Commission.

In 1921, the General Assembly approved a constitutional amendment creating
a net income tax and eliminated taxation of real property as a source of state revenue.
That year, the General Assembly created the Department of Revenue to take on the
administration, enforcement and collection of state taxes, including the new income
tax.

The department also took responsibility for the inheritance tax and the franchise
and corporate tax assessments, which were formerly administered by the Tax
Commission. In May 1921, the new department employed a staff of 16 and a unit
was formed m October of that vear to collect the income tax. Bv the end of the
1921-22 hscal year, the department has grown to 30 employees and operating
costs totaled $87,125. The department collected just over $3 milUon m income
and inheritance taxes during that time.

Without a permanent home, the department operated temporarily from the
Capitols Senate Chamber, clerks office and committee rooms. The agency relocated

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while the legislature met in 1923 and 1924. Through the next decade, the departments
size grew as it was assigned tax collection duties formerly held by other state
government agencies and the department began assessing and collecting the franchise
tax and license taxes.

During the 1924 session, the legislature approved plans to move the department
to a new building. In the meantime, the Agriculture Building served as the
departments temporary home. By 1926, a new Revenue Building was completed at
the corner of Morgan and Salisbury streets in downtown Raleigh.

In 1925 the Motor Vehicle Bureau, which administered automobile license taxes,
the gasoline tax and the bus and truck franchise tax, moved from the Department of
Secretary of State to the Department of Revenue. The collection of taxes on insurance
companies passed to the department as well.

Meanwhile, the departments responsibilities continued to grow. The legislature
enacted a three percent general sales tax and a beverage tax that became effective in
1933. A new unit was created to administer the sales tax while the license tax unit
administered the beverage tax.

Through the 1950s and 1960s, the department continued to expand. New
divisions were formed to administer corporate and individual income taxes in 1953.
Soon after, the Franchise and Intangibles Tax Division divided and the new
Intangibles Tax Division provided administrative staff support to the State Board of
Assessment until 1967, when the board was assigned a staff.

Also during this period, the Department of Revenue worked to keep pace with
technological innovations. In 1947, a small data-processing unit was created in the
Sales and Use Tax Division. This allowed the division to use punch cards to maintain
a mailing list of registered merchants, check monthly returns for delinquency, address
letters and compile statistics. The Income Tax Division received similar technology
in 1949 that allowed the division to create mailing lists of individual income
taxpayers and track files more efficiently

The department established the Division of Planning and Processing in 1958
to monitor and develop new technology. By 1960, the department began using
automated equipment to process individual income tax returns. The department
added computerized disk storage to its operations in 1970 and acquired an optical
character reader capable of scanning hand-coded adjustments on tax forms in 1977.
The first remote computer terminal was installed in a Revenue Department field
office in 1984.

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As other state agencies moved into the Revenue Building and the number of
department employees increased, the agency expanded into two annexes in 1948
and a third m 1969. By 1985, the state acquired the adjacent Brown-Rogers Building
to house several department ofhces. A long-term solution to the Departments
increasing need for space came in 1986 when the legislature approved construction
of a new Revenue Building. In 1992, the department moved to the building it now
occupies on Wilmington Street.

The department has continued to seek innovations that offer greater productivity.
As computer efficiency increased and the cost of technology became more reasonable,
the department created an integrated tax administration system to bring information
from the separate divisions and tax schedules together into one database. The new
system makes it quicker and easier to perform routine functions, such as cross-
checking files and tax returns and providing information to taxpayers more quickly

The Department of Revenue continues to use new technology to improve the
ser\dce it provides North Carolina taxpayers. The department was honored in 1999
for Its Java-Enabled Tax System (JETS), which allows the agency to manage data not
included on the integrated tax administration system. JETS eliminates the need for
employees to enter basic information more than once, thus saving time and increasing
the departmental efhciency

Other technological inno\'ations have helped the department make hlmg income
tax returns faster and easier for North Carolina taxpayers. In 1981, the department
began offering electronic hlmg for individual taxpayers through the Federal/State
Electronic Filing Program in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Ser\ace. The
system allows taxpayers using software approved by the department to hie their
state and federal returns using a home computer or with assistance from a tax preparer.
In 2001, more than 1.04 million individual income tax returns were filed
electronically In 2002, the Governor declared February "Electronic Filing Month"
to encourage more taxpayers to hie electronically

The department also uses various methods to deliver important information to
taxpayers. The "N.C. Tax Talk", prerecorded information line allows taxpayers
around-the-clock access to information concerning state individual income taxes.
The departments web site also offers a wide range of information including individual
and corporate tax forms, instructions and other information regarding state taxes.

In 1999, the department implemented a new, state-of-the-art electronic system
to process tax returns and payments. The Data Capture system electronically reads
state tax forms and stores their images electronically It also allows the department
to process returns taster than manual data entry systems used previously.

In 2001, the department launched Project Collect Tax, an initiative to collect
$150 milhon m past due individual and corporate taxes by 2003. Through this
effort, the department seeks to collect overdue taxes from taxpayers who have ignored

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

requests for payment and repeated efforts to reach a reasonable agreement. A law
passed by the General Assembly allows the department to charge delinquent taxpayers
a fee that will help cover the additional cost of collection.

As North Carolina witnesses growth in population and becomes more
economically and culturally diverse, the department focuses its energies and resources
on several key goals including: increasing collection and improving compliance
with state tax laws; improving taxpayer services; and training and development for
employees. As the needs of North Carolina's citizens change, the Department of
Revenue will continue its efforts to provide taxpayers with the most efficient and
effective services possible.

Under the Secretary of Revenue and the Deputy Secretary of Revenue, there are
three major business areas: Tax Administration, Taxpayer Services and Examination
and Collection. The department also maintains key administrative and technology
support areas. The following information lists each work area and provides a brief
description of each:

Tax Administration

Corporate, Excise and Insurance Tax Division: The Corporate, Excise
and Insurance Tax Division interprets the statutes relating to corporate income and
franchise tax, provides information to taxpayers and confers with taxpayers on
disputed issues. Representatives of the division appear in hearings before the Secretary
of Revenue, the Tax Review Board and in court.

Property Tax Division: The Property Tax Division administers city and
county personal property valuation and taxation; offers assistance to local taxing
authorities; responds to property tax valuation appeals; and staffs the State Property
Tax Commission. The division manages the distribution of inventory and homestead
tax revenue to local governments.

Sales 63: Use Tax Division: The Sales & Use Tax Division formulates tax
policy and responds to technical issues, hearing requests and proposed legislation
regarding state and local sales and use tax laws. The division maintains data on
consumers and retail and wholesale merchants and audits monthly sales and use
tax reports.

Tax Research Division: The Tax Research Division compiles and publishes
statistical data on state and local taxation. The division analyzes proposed changes
in tax laws and conducts special studies, as well as responding to internal and
external inquiries.

Personal Taxes Division: The Personal Tax Division interprets statutes
relating to individual income, inheritance, intangibles and gift taxes. The division
holds conferences with taxpayers, accountants and attorneys to settle disputed tax
issues.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Taxpayer Services

Taxpayer Assistance Division: The Taxpayer Services Division pro\ides
taxpayers wiih general assistance in resolving tax problems, understanding tax issues
and completing tax lorms, and responding to taxpayer inquiries received by the
department by both telephone and mail.

Documents and Payments Processing Division: The Documents and
Payments Processing Division processes taxpayer payments and tax returns

Examination and Collection

Examination Division: Conducts audits of individuals, businesses, and
governmental entities.

Collection Division: Manages all compliance, enforcement and taxpayer
education programs throughout the state.

Motor Fuels Tax Division: Administers the motor fuels, alternative fuels,
motor carrier and inspection laws of the state.

Unauthorized Substances Tax Division: Administers the excise tax levied
on unauthorized substances.

Information Technology

Applications Development and Support Division: This division develops
and maintains the department s computer software applications that support business
processes.

Technology Services Division: Technology Services schedules, monitors
and controls the departments computer systems and networks.

Database Administration: This division works to ensure the accuracy
and performance of the departments computer system through database
administration.

Production Systems Integration and Coordination Division: This area
coordinates the Integrated Tax Administration System business tunctions.

Quality Assurance: Quality Assurance manages the departments quality
assurance system and disaster recoveiy programs.

Office of the Secretary

Administrative Hearings Officer: The Hearings Officer is responsible for
handling all of the departments formal administrative tax hearings.

Administrative Services Division: The Administrative Services Division
provides supplies and equipment for the department. It also prints forms and
processes incoming and outgoing mail.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Criminal Investigations: This division investigates and prosecutes taxpayers
who fraudulently fail to adhere to the states tax laws.

Financial Services Division: The Financial Services Division maintains
the departments budget and payroll records and handles all of its fiscal processes

Internal Audit: This section monitors compliance with departmental polices
and procedures and reviews and makes recommendation for improving the
department's overall operating efficiency.

Planning: Manages the development and maintenance of the department's
strategic busmess plans and performance measurement system.

Personnel Division: The Personnel Division provides technical and
administrative guidance and human resource services to the department and its
employees.

Public Information Officer: The Public Affairs Office provides internal
and external communication.

Security Office: Develops and maintains an integrated system to protect
all of the department's resources.

Training Unit: Coordinates all departmental training for employees

Boards and Commissions

Property Tax Commission

Tax Review Board

For more information about the Department of Revenue, call (919) 733-3991.
If you have questions about the state income tax, call (919) 733-4684 or (919)
733-4828. For NC Tax Talk, a pre-recorded information line call (919) 733-4829.
You can also visit the department's web site at www.dor.state.nc.us.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

E. NorrisTolson

Secretary of Revenue

Early Years

Born Tarboro, Edgecombe County, on
November 18, 1939, lo Thomas Lester and Effie
Mae Proctor Tolson.

Educational Background

South Edgecombe High School, Pinetops, 1958;
B.S. in Crop Science & Agribusiness, North
Carolina State University, 1962.

Professional Background

Secretary, Department of Revenue, 2001 -Present.

Political Activities

Secretary of Transportation, 1998-99; Secretary
of Commerce, 1997-98; Member, N.C. House
of Representatives, 1994-97.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or
Community Service Organizcitions

Lions Club; College of Agriculture & Life
Sciences Society; NCSU Education Fund.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Biotechnology Board; IRMC; Economic Development Board.

Military Service

Second Lt., U.S. Army, 1963-65.

Personal Information

Married, Betsy Cobb Tolson. Three children. Three grandchildren. Member, Pinetops
United Methodist Church.

Secretaries of Revenue^

Name

Alston D. Watts-
Rufus A. Doughton^
Allen J. Maxwell^
Edwm M. GilL
Eugene G. Shaw^
James S. Currie''
William A. Johnson''^
Lewis Sneed High"^
Ivie L. Clayton''^

Residence

Term

Iredell

1921-1923

Alleghany

1923-1929

Wake

1929-1942

Wake

1942-1949

Guilford

1949-1957

Wake

1957-1961

Harnett

1961-1964

Cumberland

1964-1965

Wake

1965-1971

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Gilmer Andrew Jones, Jr. >i Wake 1972-1973

Secretaries of Rexenue^ (continued)

Name Residence Term

Mark H. Coble'^ Guilford 1973-1977

Mark G. Lynchi^ Wake 1977-1985

Helen Ann Powers^^ Madison 1985-1990

Betsy Y. Justus^^ Bertie 1990-1993

Janice H. Faulkner Pitt 1993-1996

Muriel K. Offerman Duplin 1996-2000

E.Norris Tolson Edgecombe 2001-Present

1 The Department of Revenue was created by the 1921 General Assembly with
provision for the first "Commissioner of Revenue, to be appointed by the
governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate" for a four year term,
and the succeeding one to be "nominated and elected" in 1924 "in the manner
provided for... other state officers." In 1929, the provision for electing a
commissioner was repealed and a provision that called for appointment of the
commissioner by the governor substituted in its place. The Executive Organization
Act of 1971 established the Department of Revenue as one of the nineteen major
departments. In 1973 the title "Commissioner" was changed to "Secretary"

^ Watts was appointed by Governor Morrison and served until his resignation on
January- 29, 1923.

^ Doughton was appointed by Governor Morrison to replace Watts. He was elected
in the general elections in 1924 and served following re-election m 1928 until
March, 1929.

'^ Maxwell was appointed by Governor Gardner to replace Doughton and served
following subsequent reappointments until June, 1942.

5 Gill was appointed by Governor Broughton to replace Maxwell and served
following his reappointment until his resignation effective July 1, 1949.

^ Shaw was appointed by Governor Scott to replace Gill and ser\'ed follovvdng his
reappointment until his resignation in August, 1957.

^ Currie was appointed by Governor Hodges to replace Shaw and served until his
resignation m January, 1961.

^ Johnson was appointed by Governor Sanford to replace Currie and served until
April, 1964, when he was appointed to the Superior Court.

^ High was appointed by Governor Sanford to replace Johnson and served until
his resignation in January, 1965.

Clayton was appointed by Governor Moore to serve as acting commissioner. He
was later appointed commissioner and served following reappointment by

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Governor Scott on July 21, 1969 until his i"esignation effective December 31,
1971.

' ' Jones was appointed by Governor Scott to replace Clayton and continued serving
until Coble took oflice.

'- Coble was appointed on June 8, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to replace Jones.

' ' L)Tich was appointed on January 10, 1977, to replace Coble.

'"* Powers was appointed January 7, 1985, by Governor Martin to replace Lynch.

'' Justus was appointed May 1, 1990 by Governor Martin to replace Powers.

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Department of Transportation

The North Carohna Department of Transportation (NCDOT) provides a system
to transport people and goods effectively, efficiently and safely while rendering the
highest level of service to the public.

The State Highway Commission and the Department of Motor Vehicles was
combined to form the North Carolina Department of Transportation and Highway
Safety by the Executive Organization Act of 1971. This act also created the North
Carolina Board of Transportation. In 1979, the term "Highway Safety" was dropped
from the departments name when the Highway Patrol Division was transferred to
the newly-created Department of Crime Control and Public Safety

The North Carolina Department of Transportation is headed by a secretary
appointed by the governor. Legislation passed in 1973 designates the secretary as
an ex-officio member and chair of the Board of Transportation. All transportation
responsibilities, including aviation, ferry service, mass transit and rail, as well as
highways and motor vehicles, are the responsibiUty of the department. The Board
of Transportation, the chief policy-making body of the department, awards all
highway contracts and sets transportation priorities. The staff executes the initiatives
of the board and is responsible for day-to-day operations.

Diydsion of Highways

The Division of Highways administers state road planning, design, construction
and maintenance programs and policies established by the Board of Transportation.
North Carolina's highway program uses available resources to construct, maintain
and operate an efficient, economical and safe transportation network. This division
is responsible for the upkeep of the largest state-maintained highway system in the
country It utiUzes both state and federal funds in its road improvement program.

The division has a long history of service to North Carolina. As the 20th century
approached, the need for better roads became increasingly apparent to most North
Carolinians. Railroads simply could not provide the internal trade and travel
connections required by an ambitious people in an expanding economy. The
beginning of the "Good Roads" movement was hesitant, but it sparked a
transportation revolution that would serve North Carolina's interests and bring
many benefits to citizens who supported the system through their taxes.

Modern road building in North Carolina may have begun in 1879 with the
General Assembly's passage of the Mecklenburg Road Law. The statute was intended
as a general state law, but as worded, applied only to Mecklenburg County It allowed
the county to build roads with financing from a property tax, and required four
days labor of all males between the ages of 18 and 45.

The author of the legislation. Captain S.B. Alexander, saw his bill repealed,
then re-enacted in 1883, as growing numbers of people acknowledged the need for

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

bcller roads. By 1895, most of ihe stales progressive counties had established tax-
based road building plans.

As the new century ncared, interest in better roads spread horn the mountains
to the coast. A Good Roads Conference in 1893 attracted more than 100 business
and government leaders from throughout North Carolina. They organized the North
Carolina Road Impro\'ement Association and promoted meetings the following
year in Chapel fiill, Raleigh and Charlotte. Before 1900, most decisions concerning
transportation were dictated by immediate local needs. Little thought was given to
long-range transportation goals on a statewide basis. The concept of a statewide
system existed only in the minds of a few \'isionary people. Well into the new
century, state policy was limited to assisting counties in meeting transportation
needs.

Fortunately, there were emerging leaders who could look beyond county
boundaries, practical people who had the conviction, determination and know-
how to match their vision. These leaders knew that good transportation had a place
among the states top priorities and labored to make North Carolina's highway system
one of the best in the country

In 1913, Governor Locke Craig took office. He led the call for good roads and
established the State Highway Commission m 1915. Because of his efforts, Governor
Craig would be the first chief executive to be called "The Good Roads Governor."
Many other individuals labored for better roads during this crucial period. Three
whose names would rank high on any "honor roll" of North Carolina transportation
pioneers were Dr. J. A. Holmes, Colonel Joseph Hyde Pratt and Harriet Morehead
Berry. Each was associated with the North Carolina Economic and Geological Survey
— described as the "cutting edge" of the roads movement m this state. Each headed
the North Carolina Good Roads Association during the two critical decades m
which that association led the struggle for better roads across North Carolina.

Holmes was a driving force behind the good roads movement long before the
development ol organized efforts to promote the cause. He was a prime mover m
establishing the Good Roads Association and served as its hrst executive secretary
Pratt succeeded Holmes as head of both the Geological Survey and the Good Roads
Association. He preached road building at reasonable cost and urged counties to
borrow money for that purpose. His advice was followed. Counties issued a total
of $84.5 million m road construction bonds before the practice was halted m 1927.

Yet, Pratt's most important contribution to North Carolina may have been
bringing Harriet M. "Hattie" Berry of Chapel Hill into the association of good roads
advocates. Miss Beriy quickly became an uncompromising force m the campaign.
She pushed for establishment of a State Highway Commission and, in 1915, helped
draft legislation designed to establish and maintain a statewide highway system.
The bill was defeated, but Hattie Berry was not. She mounted a campaign that

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

carried into 89 counties and, m 1919, when the bill was reintroduced. Miss Berr>'
appeared before the legislature to answer any lingering questions. When the final
vote came, the decision was not whether to build roads, but what kind of roads to
build. The foundation had been laid. The "Good Roads State" would now become
a reality.

This pivotal point in the States transportation history came with the decision to
accept debt as a means of getting better highways. It began slowly at the county
level in New Hanover, Mecklenburg and Guilford counties. The era of building
roads using whatever money happened to be at hand and a day of required labor
from each able-bodied man faded. In its place rose a sophisticated enterprise of
structured funding and complex engineering. For the first time in North Carolina
history, planning become part of the highway building and maintenance programs.

Road-building swept the entire state through the mid- 1920s. Following passage
of the Highway Act of 1921, almost 6,000 miles of highway were built in a four-
year period. The aggressive leadership of Governor Cameron Morrison and other
transportation advocates helped fuel the drive to improve transportation in North
Carolina, as did public approval of a $50 million bond issue. During the Depression
years of the early 1930s, however, highway construction ground to a halt. Some
state leaders began looking to the Highway Fund as a possible source of money to
meet other public ser\dce needs, a potentially devastating course for the highway
system. It was at this critical time that the state, under the leadership of Governor O.
Max Gardner, assumed responsibility for all county roads and an allocation of $16
million was made for maintenance.

By 1933, the Depression had carried North Carolina into a dark period. The
precarious state of the economy, coupled with the states assumption of financial
responsibility for public schools, prompted state leaders to use highway funds for
non-highway purposes. As the economy began to recover later in the decade, the
General Assembly recognized the damage caused to the roads system by years of
neglect and allocated $3 million m emergency funds for bridge repair in 1935.
Later in the session, more comprehensive action was taken to restore the financial
stability of the road program. For the next five years. North Carolina measured up
fully to its growing reputation as the "Good Roads State." As state revenues continued
to rise, stretches of a new highway were constructed.

The outbreak of World War II again brought a halt to construction. This time,
however. North Carolina's highway program appeared to benefit from the
moratorium. The state, led by Governors J. Melville Broughton and Gregg Cherry,
used funds produced by the accelerated wartime economy to pay off highway debts.
When Cherry left office, all debts had either been eliminated or money had been set
aside to meet obligations.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Despite the interruption of the war years, North CaroUnas road building progress
from 1937 to 1950 was dramatic. Road mileage during the period rose from 58,000
to 64,000 miles. It was generally conceded, however, that one important area of
transportation had been neglected — secondary roads. North Carolina led the nation
in use of school buses. The state also ranked second in the number of small, family
farms. But little cause existed for pride in the condition of school bus routes and
farm-to-market roads.

In his campaign for governor m 1948, Kerr Scott rebuked his primary opponent,
Charles Johnson, for advocating a $100 million secondary roads bond issue. After
defeating Johnson, Scott reassessed the situation and again concluded that his
opponent had been wrong m suggesting a $100 million bond issue. Scott instead
requested $200 million from the states voters. Despite strong opposition from
urban leaders, the bond issue was approved. Work began immediately to pave
thousands ot miles of rural roads that previously had been impassable in bad weather.
By the end of the Scott administration, construction promised in the bond project
was 94 percent complete.

Neither the proposal to borrow money for road building nor popular support
of the proposal was surprising. Borrowing money to improve roads and paying the
debt with road-use taxes had become a tradition m North Carolina. During the
1920s, the state had passed four bond issues totaling $16.8 million. The Scott
bond issue added $200 million to that total. In Governor Dan Moore s
administration, voters approved a $300 million issue. In 1977, Governor James B.
Hunt Jr. proposed a second $300 million bond issue and voters approved the
bond issue.

The structure of the states transportation programs have evolved through the
years to make the program more credible and responsive to the states needs. In
1971, the General Assembly combined the State Highway Commission and the .
Department of Motor Vehicles to form the Department of Transportation and Public
Safety. The reorganization encouraged the new department to adopt a more modern
planning system. In 1973, Governor Jim Holshouser proposed the "Seven-Year
Transportation Plan," which later became the Transportation Improvement Program
(TIP). The TIP IS a planned and programmed schedule of the states major highway '.
construction that balances projected construction costs against anticipated revenues. •
The TIP is updated annually to add new projects and adjust priorities. i

The N.C. Board ot Transportation makes final decisions on new projects and i
priorities each year after local officials and interested citizens express views and '■
make recommendations on their future highway needs. This approach to meeting ■'
North Carolina's transportation needs has expanded to include aviation and public !
transportation projects. Other changes also improved reliability and responsiveness. '
Under Governor Bob Scott, the Board of Transportation expanded to 24 members}

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

and during the Holshouser administration, the department moved to formulate
fundmg for some transportation improvements.

In 1986, the General Assembly passed Governor Jim Martins "Roads to the
Future" program. The legislation was designed to produce $240 million a year in
additional revenues by Fiscal Year 1991-1992. These funds were to be used to
bolster or improve the maintenance and safety on the states highways. An additional
$30 million was set aside to begin a program of state-funded construction. Governor
Martin also directed the Department to improve the reliability of the Transportation
Improvement Program by more closely matching the program to anticipated
revenues.

In 1987, poor highway construction prospects caused the Martin Administration
and the General Assembly to take a hard look at the transportation needs of North
Carolina. In 1989, after much debate, the legislature approved a large and ambitious
public works program - the Highway Trust Fund. The law calls for major
construction to meet a wide variety of the States needs. It provides for the completion

, of a 3,600-mile "Intrastate" system of four-lane roads across the state. When this
system is completed, nearly all North Carolinians will live within 10 miles of a
four-lane highway. The trust fund program also will improve 113 miles of interstate
highways, help pave all the remaining dirt roads in the state, build loops and

, connector roads near seven major cities, and provide additional money to local
governments for city street improvements. Funding for the program is provided by
motor fuel and other highway use taxes.

f At the beginning of the century. North Carolina was a state of relatively few, and
' incredibly poor roads. Only 5,200 miles of state roads existed in 1921. From that
] inauspicious beginning, the highway network has grown to more than 78,000
i miles, the second-largest state-maintained system in the nation.

Division of Motor Vehicles

I The Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV) has more direct contact with citizens
than any other state agency. This division serves more than 1 . 5 million drivers and
registers more than six miUion vehicles each year.

The General Assembly created the State Department of Motor Vehicles in 1941
I to consolidate services previously provided by the Secretary of State and the
Department of Revenue. During the reorganization of the executive branch in 1971,
the Department of Motor Vehicles became a division under the control of what is
now the Department of Transportation. The Division of Motor Vehicles is comprised
of six major sections which are expanding rapidly to better serve the needs of North
Carolinians.

i The 1980s and early 1990s brought some major changes to the Driver License
Section. All offices were automated to promote a quick exchange of information
and services. DMV also established a commercial driver Ucense program, creating

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

new testing and licensing standards for truckers. Six express drivers license offices
in various locations throughout the state provide faster sen>'ice for drivers not required
to take the written or road tests.

The Vehicle Registration Section has computerized its branch offices, allowing
agents to update license plates on a central computer, produce receipts by computer
\ov collection and keep track of plates surrendered by non-insured vehicle owners.

In 1994, The DN4V Enforcement Section began the Operation Rest Assured
program to monitor rest areas. This program reminds travelers on North Carolina
highways that DMV eniorcement ofiicers, along with other law enforcement agencies,
ha\'e joined in an intense effort to increase patrols and make rest areas safer. The
E:nforcement Section also headed up a joint effort — Operation Blue Flame —
between DMV' the Internal Revenue Serxice and the state departments of Revenue
and Agriculture to stop fuel tax evasion. North Carolina is the first state to undertake
this type of joint effort. In addition, the Enforcement Section operates a computer
system that enables the DMV to keep statewide vehicle thett reports.

The Collision Reports Section is the ofhcial storehouse for state accident reports.
All law enforcement agencies in North Carolina hie reportable accidents with this
section. j

The International Registration Plan Section is responsible for issuing license I
plates to truckers who travel out-of-state. The section audits mileage and monitor
truckers for appropriate insurance coverage.

The School Bus and Trafhc Safety Section was recognized m 1991 as the nations
most outstanding state agency teaching defensh'e driving. This section trains school
bus drivers and supplements a passenger satety training program for )'oung students.

The strong emphasis on safety m the Division of Motor Vehicles' operations
helps make North Carolmas roads among the safest in the nation. As the number
oi vehicles and drivers continue to grow, DMV strives to serve the public in a
courteous, efhcient and professional manner.

Division ofA^dation

North Carolina, the birthplace of modern aviation on December 17, 1903, has '
kept pace with advancement in that important held through the Division of Aviation.
On December 17th, 2003, the state will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Wright |
Brothers' historic hrst flight. In honor of this achievement and our states rich aviation '
heritage, the N.C. Department of Transportations Aviation Division is planning a ;
statewide celebration called World Flight 2003. North Carolina has nearly 16,000 :
licensed pilots and 7,697 registered civilian aircraft. In addition, all branches of the '
armed semce have aviation facilities in North Carolina. i

State government aviation functions Hrst began in 1965 under the direction of |
the Department of Conservation and Development. In 1973, responsibility for'

376

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

aviation was transferred to the Department of Transportation. NCDOT's Division of
A\aation was formally established one year later.

The Di\ision of Aviation provides technical assistance and funding to help develop
and improve air transportation service and safety throughout the state. In 1989, it began
administering federal funds for General Aviation airports under the State Block Grant
Program.

The Di\ision of A\iation is now in the process of completing a comprehensive
revision of its statewide system program. The division is using Department of
Commerce data in this new approach for the system plan. The purpose of this
re\ision is to re-evaluate the public-owned and -operated airports statewide and
provide an action plan for airport development that maximizes limited financial
resources for system-wide development, concentrates on safety, future needs and
promotes economic growth while not losing sight of the indivudal airport. The
division currently provides grants to and works with 74 publicly-owned and -
operated, 11 of which have commercial service while the remaining 63 are general
aviation. In addition, there are more than 300 privately-owned airports in the state.

An integral part of the aviation program is the Aeronautics Council, appointed
by the governor with one representative from each congressional district plus two
at-large members. The council serves as North Carolinas advisory board on grants
and other aviation matters.

Public Transportation Diydsion

[ Public transportation is important to the states economy, providing inexpensive,

' safe and convenient alternatives to driving. It helps build a skilled workforce by
, providing access to education and ensures the success of public-private partnerships
j like Smart Start.

i Public transportation is essential in helping low-income citizens get to work.

; For senior citizens, people wiih disabilities and others without access to personal

vehicles, public transportation pro\ades a vital link to the community. Chents of

I human service agencies and senior citizens centers depend on public transportation

I to fulfill everyday needs, especially m rural areas. In urban regions, public transport

is crucial to maintaining quaHty of Ufe and continued economic prosperity.
Ill

Public transportation increases the efficiency and capacity of highways, provides

access to jobs and expands labor markets. Public transportation systems operate in

all 100 North Carolina counties and 17 cities across the state, transporting more

than 38 million passengers each year. Choices include van-pooling, rural van and

urban bus services. In addition, Carolina Trailways and Greyhound Lines offer

affordable intercity bus service between many towns and cities across the state.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Rail Division

Railroads were ihe early backbone of North Carolinas transportation system
and they continue to play a vital role in transporting passengers and freight in the
states transportation network. NCDOT began working m 1997 to promote, protect
and improve the slates railroad system. The Rail Division administers a revitalization
program to maintain senice on light-density branch lines and purchase inactive rail
corridors to protect them h'om abandonment and preserve them for future use. The
division also administers a program that assists with construction of industrial
access spurs.

In 1992, the U.S. Department of Transportation designated the Washington,
D.C. -Raleigh-Charlotte rail corridor as one ot five national future high-speed rail
corridors. Efforts have begun to modernize the corridor through improvements to
railroad tracks and stations that will allow higher-speed rail traffic and shorter travel
times between Charlotte, Raleigh and the Northeast.

Six passenger trains provide daily service to 1 7 North Carolina cities and towns.
North Carolinas state-owned Piedmont provides daily round-trip service from
Raleigh to Charlotte. The Carolinian provides daily, round-trip passenger service
from Charlotte to Raleigh with continuing service to Washington, D.C, and New
York City. ^

The Rail Division staff works with local communities and railroad companies
to improve safety at railroad/highway intersections by using innovative new
technologies and closing redundant or unsafe crossings. In partnership with Amtrak,
the Rail Di\ision provides, promotes and improves mter-city rail passenger service

Ferry Division

The Ferry Division is the second largest state-owned and operated ferry system •'
in the United States and one oi the oldest services provided by NCDOT. The state
began subsidizing a few private ferry shuttle routes in 1934. The state!
transportation department started regular ferry service operations in 1947. Given
division status in 1974, the Ferry Division owns and operates 23 vessels along.
North Carolinas coast. It also maintains an m-house shipyard at Manns Harbor I
for all repair work. Each year nearly 2.5 million residents and visitors ride the
ferries.

Office of Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation

Walking is the most common form ot transportation in North Carolina and
bicycling remains the fastest-growing mode of transportation. North Carolina has
an extensive system of more than 3,000 miles of mapped and signed bicycle routes
designated along lightly-traveled, scenic countiy roads. The General Assembly created
the Bicycle Program in 1974, making it the oldest program of its kind in the nation.
The Bicycle Program has since become an award- winning model for other states to

378 '

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

follow. The Department of Transportation added a Pedestrian Program in 1992 in
response to the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act.

The Offtce of Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation works to ensure that North
Carolina citizens have the best transportation choices available. The program
provides technical assistance and funding to cities and towns throughout North
Carolina for safe and desirable bicycle and pedestrian facilities, as well as
comprehensive education and training opportunities in bicycle and pedestrian
safety The majority of the states communities with populations exceeding 2,000
have become participants in these programs and interest continues to increase as
citizens desire safer places to walk and bicycle.

Beautification Program

The Office of Beautihcation encourages North Carolina citizens to take an active
role in reducing Utter along the roadways and in their communities. Since the Adopt-
A-Highway Program began in 1988, more than 12,500 miles of state-maintained
roads have been adopted by 5,500 volunteer groups and 150,000 participants.
This active participation makes North Carolina's program one of the largest anti-
littering efforts of its kind m the nation and saves taxpayers $3 million each year.
Many groups now recycle the litter they pick up to further help the environment.
Each year the department sponsors a bi-annual litter drive.

The Swat-A-Litterbug Program is a popular anti-littering educational effort. It
gives every citizen the opportunity to be an active participant in keeping our highways
clean. Citizens report Uttering incidents they observe and educational letters are
sent to offenders.

Scenic Byways Program

NCDOT has designated 45 scenic byways to give visitors and residents the
opportunity to explore some of North Carolina's finest less-traveled routes. The
routes encompass North Carolina history, geography and culture, by taking motorists
along cascading waterfaUs, rich marshlands, sheer cUffs, outdoor dramas, aquariums,
museums, old batdegrounds and state parks. Varying in length from three to 173
miles, the designated scenic byways cover more than 1,600 miles of North Carolina
roadways.

Work Zone Safety Program

This program is designed to increase the awareness of potential dangers to
both motorists and workers in highway work zones. Its central theme is "Stay
Alert." The program has developed a video specihcally for the trucking industry
that identifies the hazards of work zones from a trucker's eyes. Division staff make
presentations to groups promoting the concept of safety in work zones. By constantly
seeking new and innovative methods of communicating the safety message across

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

I he state, the program seeks to lower the number of accidents m highway work
zones.

Boards and Commissions

North CaroUna Aeronautics Council

North Carolina Bicycle Committee
North Carolina Board of Transportation
North Carolina Rail Advisory Council

For iurther information about the Department of Transportation, call (919)
733-2522 or visit the departments Web site at w\^'w.ncdot.org

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THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Walter Lyndo Tippett

Secretary of Transportation

Early Years

Born m Emit, Johnston County, on September
30, 1939 to Bruce and Cenie Whitley Tippett.

Educational Background

Graduate, Corinth Holders High School, Zebulon,
1957; Attended the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill; B.S. in Accounting, Barton College,
1963.

Political Activities

Secretary of Transportation, 2001-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or
Community Service Organizations

AlCPA; NCCPA; Trustee, Methodist College.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commis-
sions

Member, N.C. Board of Transportation, 1993-2001; Chair, Fayetteville Chamber
of Commerce; Member, Fayetteville Public Works Commission.

Military Service

Sergeant, U.S. Army 1963-69.

Honors and Awards

NCCPA Public Service Award; Fayetteville Realtors Cup.

Personal Information

Married, Lou P Tippett. Two children. Member, Haymount United Methodist
Church.

Secretaries of Transportation^

Name

Fred M. Mills, Jr.^
Bruce A. Lentz^
Troy A. Doby^
Jacob F Alexander, Jr.''
G. Perry Greene, Sr.*"
Thomas W Bradshaw, Jr.''
WiUiam R. Roberson, Jr.*^
James E. Harrington''
Thomas J. Harrelson^*^
R. Samuel Hunt, 111
Garland Garrett

Residence

Term

Anson

1971-1973

Wake

1973-1974

1974-1975

Rowan

1975-1976

Watauga

1976-1977

Wake

1977-1981

Beaufort

1981-1985

Wake

1985-1989

Brunswick

1989-1993

Alamance

1993-1995

Wake

1995-1998

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Secretaries of Transportation^ (continued)

E. NoiTis Tolson Edgecombe 1998-1999

David T. McCoy" Orange 1999-2000

Waller L}aido Tippett Cumberland 2001 -Present

' The Executive Organization Act ol 1971 created the "Department of Transportation
and Highway Safety" with provision lor a "secretary" appointed by the governor.
In 1977 "Highway Safety" was dropped.

' Mills was appointed by Governor Scott.

^ Lentz was appointed on January 5, 1973, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Mills. He resigned June 30, 1974, following his appointment as Secretary of
Administration.

"^ Doby was appointed on July 1, 1974, by Governor Holshouser to replace Lentz.
He resigned April 25, 1975.

^ Alexander was appointed on April 25, 1975, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Doby. He resigned effective April 20, 1976.

" Greene was appointed on April 20, 1976, by Governor Holshouser to replace
Alexander.

^ Bradshaw was appointed on January 10, 1977, by Governor Hunt to replace
Greene. He resigned effective June 30, 1981.

''' Roberson was appointed July 1, 1981, to replace Bracishaw.

"^ Harrington was appointed January 7, 1985, by Governor Martin to replace
Roberson.

^^^ Harrelson was appointed by Governor Martin on December 15, 1989 to replace
Harrington.

" McCoy was appointed by Governor Hunt and sworn into ofhce on June 29,
1999.

382

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Office of the State Controller

In 1986, the Office of the State Controller (OSC) was created by the General
Assembly. The agency's head, the State Controller, is appointed by the governor and
confirmed by the General Assembly for a seven-year term. Farris W. Womack was
North Carolina's first state controller and served from February, 1987, to 1988.
Fred Wesley Talton served from 1988 to 1993. Edward Renfrow served from 1993
to 2000. Current State Controller, Robert L. Powell, assumed office on July 1,
2000.

The State Controller is the state's chief financial officer and manages the North
Carolina Accounting System (NCAS). The State Controller prescribes policies and
procedures that support the NCAS and accomplish financial reporting and
management of the state's financial entity. The purpose of the NCAS is to maintain,
for the benefit of central and agency managers, timely, reliable, accurate, consistent
and complete financial, budgetary and management information on North Carolina
state government. Three major divisions comprise the Office of the State Controller:

Statewide Accounting Division

The Statewide Accounting Division is responsible for day-to-day and procedural
control of agencies operating vvdthin the NCAS environment. The division estabUshes
and provides systems control over NCAS to ensure that all financial transactions
are entered, balanced and reconciled. This division also researches technical
accounting standards and incorporates these standards into financial reporting on
the state entity and provides daily, monthly, quarterly and annual reporting on the
financial condition and results of operations of the state entity. Another major
responsibility involves administering the statewide cash management program,
which includes statewide appropriation and allotment control. In addition, the
division operates a central payroll system, a Flexible Benefit Program and provides
tax compliance, cost allocation and disbursing services to state agencies.

Financial Systems Diydsion

The Financial Systems Division designs, develops, implements and maintains
the policies, procedures and software that form the North Carolina Accounting
System (NCAS). It provides agency implementation, functional and technical systems
administration, client support, and maintenance of NCAS. NCAS uses financial
software and includes the following modules: General Ledger, Budgetary Control,
Purchasing, Inventory, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable, Fixed Assets, Project
Tracking and Financial Controller database modules. NCAS provides information
access through the use of the mainframe-based, on-line, real-time inquiries; report
generator software; software that provides on-line report viewing and printing
capabilities and client/server-based decision support software.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Administrative Division

This division is responsible for the overall support of ihe Office of the State
Controller. Services include: Business Services, which represents a broad range of
accounting functions including accounts payable, accounts receivable, fixed assets,
budgeting, purchasing, maintenance ot the accounting system, financial reporting,
switchboard operator/receptionist duties and building security and maintenance;
Personnel Services, which nicludes recruitment/selection, employee benefits,
maintenance of personnel records, employee relations and personnel policies and
procedures; and Internal Audit Services, which performs internal audits on OSC
operations to determine areas of inefficiency and potential for improvement and
statewide monitoring of internal controls to ensure compliance with policies,
procedures and guidelines issued by other regulatory authorities.

For more miormation about the Ottice of the State Controller, call (919) 981-
5454 or visit the departments Web site at ww^w.osc. state. nc. us.

Robert L Powell

State Controller

Early Years

Born m Oxford, Granville County, July 20, 1949, to
James B. and Mittie Belle Riggan Powell.

Educational Background

Graduate, J. h Webb High School, Oxford, 1967; B.S.
m Business Administration, Atlantic Christian (Barton)
College, 1971.

Professional Background

State Controller.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Commu-
nity Service Organizations

National Association of State Auditors, Comptrollers

and Treasurers National Association of Budget Officers; National Association of

State Comptrollers.

Boards and Commissions

Information Resource Management Commission.

Honors and Awards

Order of the Long Leaf Pine; 2001 Barry K. Sanders Special Lifetime Achievement
Award; Past President, National Association of State Budget Officers.

Personal Information

Married, Terry Rary Powell; four children; Soapstone United Methodist Church.

384

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

State Controllers

Name

Farris W Womack
Fred Wesley Talton
Edward Renfrew
Robert L. Powell

Residence

Wake

Johnston

Wake

Term

1987-1988
1988-1993
1993-2000
2001 -Present

385

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

State Board of Elections

The framework ot North Carohna's election laws was constructed m 1901,
revised substantially m 1933 and again in 1967. Along with these changes came
the important audit trail to ensure voters that elections were virtually free from
fraud.

In 1969 the General Assembly adopted full-time offices in the states 100 counties
tor voter registration and election administration. Then, in 1971, North Carolina
implemented a uniform municipal election code to guarantee that state voters need
only register one lime at one place to qualify to vote in an)' election in which they
were eligible to vole. In 1993, Gary O. Bartlett was appointed Executive Director,
becoming the third person to serve m that capacity

In 1994, the North Carolina General Assembly adopted N.C. General Statute
Article 7Ato comply with the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) and
the state board successfully initiated mail-in voter registration, a procedure that
simplified the voter registration process for all North Carolinians. An agency voter
registration program followed in January, 1995, allowing citizens to register to vote
when receiving various agency services. The State Board of Elections provides voter
registration forms to more than 500 designated voter registration sites throughout
the state. The "No Excuse" Absentee One-Stop voting provision was implemented
m 2000 and 2002, enabling voters to vote on a date more convenient to them than
the day of the election, either by mail or at the designated voting location. The
General Assembly signihcantly changed the process of administration of election
law, directing the state board to promulgate rules to implement the changes. In
addition, voting was made easier for military ser\'ice members and their dependents
abroad. The process uses a combmaiion of facsimile and electronic mail for election
materials and ballots.

The General Assembly made the Stale Board of Elections an independent agency
in 1974. The five members on the State Board of Elections are appointed by the
governor lor a term of four years. No more than three members of the same political
party may serve at any time. This requirement makes North Carolina s Board of
Elections the only such stale elections agency where bipartisan membership is
mandated by law. The board recommends any necessary or advisable changes in
the administration of primaries and general elections to the governor and the General
Assembly of North Carolina.

The State Board of Elections is comprised of three functional units:

386

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Administration

This unit includes general supervision of 100 county boards of election and
four municipal boards of election in administering elections and related laws,
certifying election results, voter outreach, voter registration, absentee voting,
education/training, investigations/audits and legal matters.

Campaign Reporting

This unit includes public education; assistance to candidates, political committee
treasurers and county/municipal boards of elections and staffs; investigating
complaints; conducting research and preparing analyses in preparation for the state
board to hold evidentiary hearings; providing for electronic filing; and conducting
training.

Information Systems

This unit includes implementing and maintaining a State Election Information
Management System (SEIMS); providing assistance to counties; and providing
statewide election data to the pubUc.

In 1995, the State Board of Elections officially created the North Carolina State
Board of Elections Certification in Elections Program with an appointed Certification
Board, The program is a means of enhancing election expertise; providing uniformity
and equal application of laws throughout the state; raising the level of professionalism
of elections officials and encouraging them to expand their knowledge through
continuing education by meeting stringent requirements to become certified. Eor
further instruction, three training videos entitled Nine Steps to a Successful Hearing,
Maintaining the Public's Trust and Accessible Precincts Mean Accessible Elections. The
Certification in Elections Program continues to grow and expand by having the
staff of the State Board of Elections develop on-line courses and with the possibihty
of branching out to include precinct officials as a certified group.

The State Board of Elections undertakes various other duties and responsibilities.
The state board appoints all 100 county boards of election, which are comprised of
three members. State law requires that both major political parties be represented
on the county boards. Each county board has a director of elections who serves as
the administrative head of the board of elections and guides the election process in
each county.

The State Board of Elections supervises all elections conducted in any county,
special district or municipality in North Carolina. There are 100 counties, more
than 500 municipalities and approximately 1,200 special districts in North Carolina.
The state board develops rules and regulations that govern each election, including
procedures for processing protests and complaints resulting either before or after
an election. Protests are filed with the county board of elections of the county in
which the protest originates, followed by a public hearing on the complaint and a

387

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

decision to either uphold or deny the complaint. Decisions rendered by a county
board of elections may be appealed lo the State Board of Elections. For good cause,
the state board may order a new primary, general or special election.

The State Board of Elections determines the form and content of ballots,
instruction sheets, abstracts and returns, certificates of elections and other forms
used m primary and general elections and certihes all voting equipment. The Voting
Rights Act of f 965 requires election entities to ensure that racial or ethnic minorities
have equal access and opportunity to participate m elections. With the states
increasing Latino population, voter registration forms, instructions and other election-
related documents are now provided in Spanish.

To improve the states compliance with regard to physical access to polling
places and standards with regards to voting equipment, an extensive education and
training effort was put forth by state board staff. The training video developed by
the staff assists m training precinct ofhcials m providing services to voters with
special needs. Nearly all 2,810 polling places were evaluated prior to the November,
2000, election and the results published on the boards web site. The evaluation is
a necessary component in complying with federal laws such as the Voting Rights
Act of 1965, the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and the Handicapped Act and
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA).

In 1999 the first state-developed, statewide election information system CSEIMS)
was implemented. SEIMS connects all 100 counties through a consolidated system
and statewide database connected through the statewide area network. This facilitates
the exchange of electronic information between all the counties. The major tunctions
of SEIMS are to use the applications for local county processing of day-to-day
business activities, support for electronic campaign finance reporting and support
of statewide functions, such as checking voter registration information via the boards
web site. Integrated into SEIMS are standardized forms relating to voter registration,
reporting mechanisms and absentee voting that ensures all counties are current on
laws and regulations relating to the conduct of elections and information provided
to the public. SEIMS has been instrumental with list maintenance by identifying
and removing inactive and ineligible voters.

For more information about the State Board of Elections, call (919) 733-7173
or visit the boards web site at vav\v. shoe . stat e . nc . us .

388

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

GaryO. Bartlett

Executive Director/Secretary

Early Years

Born in Goldsboro, Wayne County, June 27,
1954, to Oz and Carol>Ti Lassiter Bartlett.

Educational Background

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, B.A.,
1976, History

Professional Background

Executive Secretary/Director, State Board of
Elections, 1993-Present.

Political Activities

Legislative Assistant to Congressman H. Martin
Lancaster, 1990-93.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or
Community Service Organizations

Board Member, Election Center, 1998-Present; Co-Chair, National Task
Election AccessibiUty, 1999-Present.

Eorce of

389

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Office of Administrative Hearings

The Office of Administralive Hearings (OAH) is an independent, quasi-judicial
agency which was established by the General Assembly in 1985 to provide a source
of independent Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) to preside in state administrative
law proceedings. The enabling legislation is found in G.S. 7A-150 et sec[. and
references Article 111, Section 11 and Article IV, Section 3 of the North Carolina
Constitution as authority for the establishment oi the office. Following the
constitutional precept of separation of powers, OAH was created to ensure that the
legislative, executive and judicial functions were not combined in the same
administrative process. As a consequence of this policy, North Carolina operates
under what is referred to as the "central panel" system of adjudication. Simply stated,
this means that the Administrative Law Judges are employed independently of the
agency which investigates and prefers charges against the regulated parties. As a
result, there is no perception of a conflict or interference irom the agency which is
a party to the contested case hearing.

OAHs central panel adjudicatory functions are found m Article 3 of the APA,
but OAH has concurrent jurisdiction with certain autonomous agencies, primarily
professional and occupational licensing boards, under the parallel adjudicatory
procedures set out m Article 3A. In contrast to Article 3A, Article 3 confers m OAH
the exclusive jurisdiction over contested case hearings involving most of North
Carolina's state agencies. Article 3 provides the jurisdiction for a broad range ol
cases arising out of public employment, alcoholic beverage control, environmental
permitting and penalties, child day care and nursing homes, hospital certificates oi
need, competitive bidding for state projects and special education in public schools.

Besides administrative hearings, there are two other major functions of OAH.
The hrst deals with the procedures that govern rulemaking in North Carolina. Article
2A of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (Chapter 150B) provides for a uniform
procedure for the adoption of rules, both permanent and temporary and authorizes
OAH to publish the North Carolina Register and the North CaroUna Administrative
Code. Except for minor exemptions found m G.S. 150B-Ud), all state agencies are
required to follow this uniform procedure for conducting public rulemaking hearings,
for adopting proposed rules and for hlmg the adopted rules tor codification. The
public IS notihed of agency rulemaking hearings through a notice published in the
Register. This notice provides a means for interested parties to be present and debate
the merits of a proposed rule before adoption by the agency After the formal adoption,
review by the Rules Review Commission and Joint Legislative Administrative
Procedure Oversight Committee (unless a bill is enacted by the General Assembly
specifically disapproving a proposed rule), the rule is then hied for codihcation in
the Code. All of the rules adopted by state agencies are published in the Code. Both
the Register and the Code are available to subscribers. for claims of political
discrimination in hiring under G.S. 126-12.4. After investigation and determination

390

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

of probable cause by the Civil Rights Division, the employee may file a contested
case in the Hearings Division of OAH. This statute also authorized a new cause of
action under the State Personnel Act for political discrimination in hiring and
promotion. During the 1998 short session, the General Assembly authorized a
new cause of action in OAH for state employee workplace harassment grievances.

The other major function of OAH is found under the provisions of G.S. 7A-
759 wherein the Office of Administrative Hearings is designated as a 706 deferral
agency of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The Civil Rights
Division of OAH is charged with the investigation of alleged acts of discrimination
and other related unlawful employment practices for charges filed by state and local
government employees covered under the State Personnel Act (Chapter 126). The
director of this division is also assigned the duty to confer, conciliate or resolve the
civil rights charges filed with OAH. In the event that these informal procedures do
not produce a settlement for meritorious charges, OAHs Administrative Law Judges
are empowered to grant full relief through a contested case hearing process. In
addition to the EEOC deferral investigations, the General Assembly also granted the
Civil Rights Division the investigative responsibilities

For more information about the Office of Administrative Hearings, call (919)
733-2698 or visit the offices Web site at www.oah.state.nc.us or e-mail the ofhce at
oah.postmaster@ncmail.net.

391

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Office of State Personnel

North Carolina's slate government did not have a systematic or uniform
personnel system prior to 1925. There was no equality or consistency in the
administration of personnel policies. The General Assembly appropriated money
in a lump sum to each agency and agency heads allocated it for operating expenses
and salaries. Each agency set pay rates for its workers until 1907, when the legislature
assumed authority over personnel matters, including acting on pay increases for
indi\idual employees. In 1921, the General Assembly turned salar)^ administration
over to the governor and the Council of State, resulting m the establishment of a
"Salary Standardization Board."

In 1925, the General Assembly established a hve-member Salary and Wage
Commission. The commission found that m addition to inequitable salaries, there
was a lack of uniformity among the various state government agencies m ofhce
hours, leave, holidays and job entrance requirements. The commission set
classihcations for all positions, grouped positions with similar duties together and
established minimum and maximum salar)' ranges. Agency heads determined salaries.
A 1931 law abolished the Salary and Wage Commission and established a
Department of Personnel within the Ofhce of the Governor to handle classihcation,
compensation and personnel policies. In 1933, these duties were transferred to the
Budget Bureau and the Department of Personnel was abolished. From 1933 to
1949, with no staff to deal exclusively with personnel problems, a great disparity
m personnel standards once again developed between agencies.

In 1938, a Supervisor of Merit Examinations was appointed to prepare a
classification plan and administer examinations for the N.C. Unemployment
Compensation Commission as required by the Social Security Act of 1935. The act
was amended m 1939 to include merit system coverage for other state agencies
subsidized by federal funds. A Merit System Council was formed to administer
federal regulations and policies regarding competitive examinations, job standards
and pay.

The State Personnel Act of 1949 established a State Personnel Department with
a personnel council and a director. The law also required each agency to designate
a personnel officer. From 1939 until 1965, the Merit System Council and the State
Personnel Department operated independently of one another. In 1965, the General
Assembly passed a new State Personnel Act that consolidated the two agencies and
created a seven-member State Personnel Board. Between 1965 and 1975, a number
of revisions and additions were made to the act. The General Assembly significantly
revised the act m February 1976, to provide for a seven-member commission,
rather than a board. The new commission issued binding corrective orders m
employee grievance appeals procedures.

392

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

The Office of State Personnel (OSP) serves the interest of state employees, manages
programs established by the governor, the General Assembly and the State Personnel
Commission and provides specific services to the general public. OSP seeks
recommendations and input from the Personnel Roundtable, which is made up of
all agency and university personnel ofhcers. The roundtable meets at least three
times a year to participate m decisions on the design and implementation of the
human resources system. Numerous other statewide committees representing various
disciplines concentrate on specific subject areas. Public hearings are held before the
State Personnel Commission (SPC) meetings for further input and discussion of
proposed policies. OSP exercises its powers under the State Personnel Act (General
Statute 126). It is the administrative arm of the State Personnel Commission, a
nine-member group appointed by the Governor. The SPC establishes policies and
procedures governing personnel programs and employment practices for
approximately 91,272 employees covered by the State Personnel Act and over 34,200
local government employees in federal grant-in-aid programs that are subject to the
federal standards for a merit system of personnel administration.

The Ofhce of State Personnel's organizational design features a ser\^ce-oriented
structure. At the core of this structure are five consulting groups, led by Human
Resources Managing Partners. Each of the five consulting groups is assigned a group
of agencies and universities and is responsible for providing a variety of human
resources consulting services to their clients. Human Resources Partners and Human
Resources Associates are assigned to each consulting group. Human Resources
Partners assigned to consulting groups function as generalists, providing a variety
of human resources consulting services to their clients. In addition, some Human
Resource Partners retain a specialty role and are experts in their specialty field.
Specialists pro\dde training to other Human Resource Partners and advise on complex
issues that fall into their specialty area.

In addition to the five consulting groups, there are six functions staffed to the
State Personnel Director: Planning and Development, Human Resources Information
Systems, Human Resources Development, Operations and Support, Human
Resources Accountability and the directors administrative staff. Within these groups,
work performed is more internal in nature, involves a program oversight role, is
largely administrative or involves support to the consulting groups.

Consulting Groups

These groups provide consulting services to assigned clients on the
implementation and management of human resources programs in the following
areas: classification and compensation, organizational design, policy administration,
dispute resolution, employee relations (including employee assistance), performance
management, competency and skill-based pay system development, FLSA, safety
and health, workers compensation, unemployment insurance, equal opportunity

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

services, work lite benefits, recognition programs, recruitment and staffing and
workforce planning.

The management ol statewide programs is assigned to Program Teams consisting
of HR Partners and HR Associates from all of the Consulting Groups. Each major
human resources tunctional area has a program team.

Operations and Support: Areas of responsibility include purchasing, personnel,
budget, communications, legislative relations, temporary solutions, duplicating,
office support, benefits, files and records, work-life programs, employee recognition
programs, the State Personnel Commission and FLEX program administration.

Human Resources Information System: Responsibilities include the
nranagement of a statewide human resources information system, LAN management
and internal and external information support, as well as new product development.

Planning and Development: Responsibilities include policy development,
human resources strategic planning, operational planning and monitoring, legislative
proposals, special projects, program development, research and internal training
plans.

Human Resources Development: Responsibilities include supervisory and
management training, professional skills training, the Public Manager Program,
organizational development, performance management, education assistance,
enterpiise-wide licensing and providing support, input and services for internal
staff training efforts.

Human Resources Accountability: Responsibilities include the development
and implementation of programs to ensure that agencies and universities remain in
compliance with human resources laws, rules and regulations and that human
resources programs are delivered eftectively m order to meet organizational needs.

Thomas H.Wright

Director

Early Years

Born m Southern Pines, Moore County.

Educational Background

Jacksonville High School, Jacksonville, 1967; University of North Carolina at
Wilmington, B.A., Psychology, 1971; M.S., Rehabilitation Counseling, East Carolina
University, 1975; Certified Public Manager Program (with excellence), 1995;
American Compensation Association Certification Program, 1999.

Professional Background

Director, Office of State Personnel, 2001-Present; Personnel Director, N.C.
Department of Justice, 1997-2001; Section Chief, Offtce of State Personnel, 1995-
96; Personnel Analyst, Office of State Personnel, 1978-95; Personnel Analyst, N.C.

394

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, 1977-78; Personnel Analyst, Commonwealth of
Virginia, 1977; Personnel Analyst, Office of State Personnel, 1976-77.

State Directors of Personnel

Name

Residence

Term

Henry Hilton

Wake

1949-50

John W McDevitt

Wake

1950-61

Edwin S. Lanier

Wake

1962-62

Walter E. Fuller

Wake

1962-63

John L.. Allen

Wake

1964-65

Claude Caldwell

Wake

1965-74

Al Boyles

Wake

1974-76

Harold H. Webb

Wake

1977-85

Richard Y Lee

Mecklenburg

1985-93

Ronald G. Penny

Pasquotank

1993-2000

Thomas H. Wright

Wake

2001 -Present

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Department of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention

The Department o\ Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Preventions mission is to
protect the citizens ol North CaroHna from juvenile crime by building innovative
prevention programming for all at-risk youth; providing sei"vices to develop juvenile
delinquents into law-abiding citizens; using the Juvenile Crime Prevention Councils
OCPCs) in each county to galvanize community leaders statewide to reduce juvenile
crime; and, providing both secure and alternative detention options for delinquent!
undisciplined youth committed to the states care.

In 1998, the luvenile Justice Reform Act paved the way for the formation of the
Department of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. In order to coordinate
all state juvenile justice efforts, the reform merged the Division of Youth Services of
the Department of Health and Human Semces and the Juvenile Senices Division of
the Administrative Ofhce of the Courts into the Ofhce of Juvenile Justice (OJJ),
housed in the office of the Governor. In 2000, the Department of Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency Prevention (DJJDP) was created by elevating the former Office of
Juvenile Justice to cabinet-level status. George L. Sweat, Director of OJJ, was named
Secretaiy of the new department on July 20,2000, and was sworn into office on
September 19, 2000, during the Hunt Administration. Governor Michael P Easley
reappointed Sweat as Secretary when he came into office m January, 2001. In the
fall of 2001, the Secretary and his management team traveled throughout North
Carolina to listen to local community members' thoughts and ideas on Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The feedback from those regional forums helped
develop DJJDPs seven top priorities consisting of public safety, early prevention,
local leadership of JCPCs, shifting resources to build system capacity locally,
collaboration and communication, data-based decision making and career
development. Together, these elements form a common vision, which map the
tuture of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention m the State of North Carolina.

Office of the Deputy Seaetary

The Deputy Secretary's Office operates as the support arm of the juvenile justice
system. This Division assists all DJJDP employees in their efforts to ser\'e youth by
accounting for all fiscal activities, remaining responsive to their inquiries, relaying
them to external resources, maximizing internal resources, and directing funds in
conjunction with the Departmental mission and goals. The Office of the Deputy
Secretary includes Operational Services (Budget, Fiscal, Office ot the Controller,
and Facility Ser\'ices) and Information Services (Application Development, Technical
Sendees, Data Administration, and Grants).

396

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

Administration

The Administration Division oversees tlie daily operations within the department,
and contains the following offices: Legislative Affairs, Communications, Policy,
Internal Audit and investigations as well as Program Development. This division
works with the General Assembly; answers legislative questions; manages the
departments web site and public relations efforts; responds to inquiries; creates,
implements and manages policy; and conducts internal audits and investigations.
The Program Development Office is intended to expand the departments commitment
to the overall habilitation of the youth in our care by offering stronger opportunities
that will promote spiritual growth. Another intent of this effort will be to engage
the faith community throughout the state to be in support of the young men and
women who are involved in the juvenile justice system. The goal for the Faith-
Based Initiative is to ensure that opportunities for spiritual growth are available to
all youth within the DJJDP system of care, including after-care, and that all personnel
model for them the caring adult role model so often missing in their lives. By the
end of 2002 a comprehensive plan for promoting the Faith-Based Initiative will be
well under way.

Human Resources

The Division of Human Resources provides administrative support in recruitment
and selection, health and safety, performance management, employee relations,
position management, staff development and benefits. There are a total of 1,893
full- and part-time permanent employees employed in the department. Of that total,
924 (49%) are white and 969 (51%) are non-white, and there are 888 (47%) females
and 1005 (53%) males.

Center for the Prevention of School Violence

The Center for Prevention of School Violence (CPSV) serves as a resource center
and "think tank," offering knowledge and expertise in the areas of prevention and
positive youth development with the intent of assisting efforts that are directed at
guiding all of North Carolina's youth toward becoming productive members of
their schools and communities. The centers goals reflect DJJDPs priorities. The
centers efforts guard public safety by promoting safer schools; encourage early
prevention by reaching youth earlier on the continuum of violent behaviors;
emphasize the importance of local leadership within Juvenile Crime Prevention
Councils by providing valuable research and expertise; extend communication and
collaboration by faciUtating ties with youth service providers across the state, thus
ensuring efficient response to legislative mandates and other needs.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Inter\ention/Pre\ention

The Intervenlion/Prevention Division oversees North Carohnas Juvenile
CrimePrevenlion Councils (JCPCs), Court Services and Community hiitiatives,
which provide special programs including Governors One on One (on 1), Eckerd
Youth Camps, Support Our Students (SOS), Teen Court, and Multipurpose Juvenile
Homes. Through Court Services, 1/P ensures that delinquent and undisciplined
youth receive appropriate treatment and intervention. The goal is simple: to protect
the community against youth violence and to hnd youth the help they need to
mature into healthy adults. Inten-ention/Prevention, through the Area Administrators,
Area Consultants and court counseling staff, provides training and technical
assistance to counties and the JCPCs in conducting the annual planning process.
Assisted by trainers from the Jordan Institute for Families, the area offices provide
regional training sessions in risk and resource assessment, m setting priorities, m
establishing outcomes and m implementing promising approaches.

Juvenile Crime Prevention Councils

The 1998 Juvenile Justice Reform Act established county Juvenile Crime
Prevention Councils (JCPC) to organize and facilitate a local system to protect
communities against youth violence and to assess needs of juveniles and to develop
means of meeting those needs. The councils were also charged to ensure that
appropriate intermediate dispositional options are available; to increase public
awareness of the causes of delinquency and strategies to reduce the problem; assess
needs of juveniles in the local community; develop strategies for delinquency
prevention through use of risk assessment; assess resources to meet the identified
needs; pro\ide funds lor treatment of juveniles; develop or propose ways to meet
those needs; plan for a permanent funding stream for delinquency prevention
programs; and evaluate program performance. By June 30, 1999, six months after
enactment of the authorizing legislation, 100 local JCPCs were certihed and
operating, complete with required membership appointments, bylaws, operating
and planning procedures and established internal and external communication
procedures. North Carolina county commissioners, responsible for making the
appointments to the councils, appointed 2,136 community members to serve on
the 100 JCPCs for hscal year 2001-2002.

Youth Development Division

The Division of Youth Development operates North Carohnas five youth
development centers, ten state-operated juvenile detention centers, a juvenile
transportation program and two therapeutic wilderness camps. The residential
programs provide treatment, education and other sen-ices to youth committed to
DJJDPs supervision and care. In order to meet the special needs of committed
youth, youth development centers provide a variety of services. In addition to
contracting psychiatric services, each facility has psychologists and social workers

398

THE COUNCIL OF STATE AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH CHAPTER FOUR

on staff to address mental health needs of the juveniles. Specialized treatment
programs are available for juveniles who are violent offenders, sex offenders, and
substance abusers. All YDCs maintam contracts with physicians, nurses, and dentists
to provide needed medical treatment. While incarcerated, all juveniles in youth
development centers attend school programs, which provide instruction in the NC
Standard Course of Study and GED preparation. DJJDP operates two wilderness
camps, which provide alternative therapeutic residential programs for troubled youth.
Camp Woodson is a short-term program that uses outdoor, adventure-based learning
activities to build self-esteem, decision-making capabilities and positive attitudes
for juveniles. Red Wolf Youth Center is being developed utilizing a closed prison
G-PAC unit m Washington County for its base camp. This program will serve
court-involved juveniles from eastern North Carolina with outdoor challenges
involving the natural environment of coastal North Carolina.

George Sweat

Secretary of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Early Years

Born m Winston-Salem, Forsyth
County.

Educational Background

BS/BA in Business Administration,
East Carolina University; Honor
Graduate, Administrative Officers'
Course, Southern Police Institute,
University of Kentucky at
Louisville,, 1986.

Professional Background

Secretary of Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention, 1999-
Present; Chief of Police, Winston-
Salem Police Department, 1987-99;
Assistant Chief, Winston-Salem
Police Department, 1986-87.

Boards and Commissions

Member, Governors Crime

Commission; Member, Commission on Juvenile Crime and Justice.

Personal Information

Married, Lenna Sweat. Three children; two grandchildren.

399

The State Legislature

The General Assembly is the oldest governmental body in North Carolina.
According to tradition, a "legislative assembly of free holders" met for the first time
around 1666. No documentary proof, however, exists proving that this assembly
actually met. Provisions for a representative assembly in Proprietary North Carolina
can be traced to the Concessions and Agreements, adopted in 1665, which called
for an unicameral body composed of the governor, his council and twelve delegates
selected annually to sit as a legislature.

This system of representation prevailed until 1670, when Albemarle County
was divided into three precincts. Berkeley Precinct, Carteret Precinct and Shaftsbury
Precinct were apparently each allowed five representatives. Around 1682, four new
precincts were created from the original three as the colony's population grew and
the frontier moved westward. The new precincts were usually allotted two
representatives, although some were granted more. Beginning with the Assembly
of 1723, several of the larger, more important towns were allowed to elect their
own representatives. Edenton was the first town granted this privilege, followed by
Bath, New Bern, Wilmington, Brunswick, Halifax, Campbellton (Fayetteville),
Salisbur}; Hillsborough and Tarborough. Around 1735 Albemarle and Bath Counties
were dissolved and the precincts became counties.

The unicameral legislature continued until around 1697, when a bicameral
form was adopted. The governor, or chief executive at the time, and his council
constituted the upper house. The lower house, the House of Burgesses, was
composed of representatives elected from the colony's various precincts. The lower
house could adopt its own rules of procedure and elect its own speaker and other
offtcers. It could, however, meet only when called into session by the governor and
only at a location designated by him. Because the lower house held the power of
the purse and paying the governor's salary, regular meetings of the legislature were
held at least once during a two-year period (a biennium), and usually more often.
Throughout the colonial period, the House of Burgess' control over the colony's
finances fueled controversy between the governor and the lower house. The house
wielded its financial control effectively throughout this period, continually increasing
its influence and prestige.

This power struggle between the governor and his council on one hand and the
colonial legislature on the other, had a profound effect on the structure of the new
government created by North Carolina's first state constitution, adopted in 1776.
The General Assembly became the primary organ of government with control over

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

all other areas of government. The legislature wielded the constitutional authority
to elect all executive and judicial branch officials. The N.C. Senate and House of
Commons conducted joint balloting to elect these ofhcials. On many occasions,
the elections for administratix'e and judicial officials consumed substantial amounts
of time when one candidate for a position could not muster a majority of votes
from the legislators. The hrst break from this unwieldy procedure came m 1835,
when a constitutional amendment changed the method for electing the governor.
Instead of being elected by the legislature for a one-year term, the go\'ernor w^ould
henceforth be elected by the people for a two-year term. Another 33 years — and a
de\'astating civil war and militar)' occupation — would pass before the remaining
state executive and judicial offices were elected by vote of the people. The postwar
Constitution of 1868 dramatically reduced the General Assembly s appointive powers
over the other two branches of state government.

The state constitution of 1776 created a bicameral legislature with members of
both houses elected by the people. The N.C. Senate had one representative from
each county while the N.C. House of Commons had two representatives from each
county and one from each of the towns given representative status in the constitution.
This scheme continued until 1835, when voters approved several constitutional
changes to the legislative branch. Membership m the Senate was set at 50 with
senators elected from districts. The state was di\ided into districts with the number
of senators based on the population of each individual district. The membership of
the House oi Commons was set at 120 with representation based on the population
of the county. The more populous counties had more representatives, but each
county was entitled to at least one representative. Representation in each house
would be adjusted based on the federal census taken every ten years. The General
Assembly retained the power to adjust districts and representation.

In 1868, a new constitution was adopted, leading to more changes m the
legislative branch. The bicameral structure was retained, but the name of the lower
house was changed from the House of Commons to the House of Representatives.
The new constitution eliminated the property c[ualihcation lor holding office, opening
up opportunities for less wealthy North Carolinians to ser\'e. The Ofhce of Lieutenant
Governor re-appeared for the first time since 1776. The lieutenant governor, elected
by the people, would now serve as president ot the Senate. He would also take
office as governor it the incumbent go\'ernor could not continue m office for any
reason. The N.C. Senate members could also elect a president pro tempore from
among their ranks. The president pro-tem chaired the Senate sessions in the absence
of Its president.

402

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

In 1966, the House of Representatives adopted district representation similar
to the Senates arrangement. Ahhough the total number of representatives stayed at
120, every county was no longer guaranteed a representative. Instead, the requirement
to maintain a rough equality of population size between districts resulted in counties
with lower populations losing their resident representative. The switch to a district
format left nearly one-third of the state's counties with no resident legislator.

Prior to Raleigh's designation as North Carolina's permanent capital in 1792,
the seat of government moved from town to town with each new General Assembly,
a pattern established during the colonial period. Halifax, Hillsborough, Fayetteville,
New Bern, Smithheld and Tarborough all served as the seat of government between
1776 and 1794. The Assembly of 1794-95 was the first legislative session to meet
in Raleigh.

The buildings used as meeting places for the colonial and early general assemblies
varied as much as their location. If the structure was big enough to hold the legislators,
it was pressed into use. Courthouses, schools and even local residences served as
legislative buildings. Tryon Palace in New Bern was North Carolina's hrst capitol
building. Completed in 1771, the palace was abandoned during the Revolutionary
War because of its exposure to enemy attack. When Raleigh became the permanent
state capital, the General Assembly approved the construction of a simple, two-
story brick state house. This structure, completed m 1796, served as the General
Assembly's home until a hre gutted it in 1831. The legislature approved a new
capitol buildmg and construction on the current capitol was complete in 1840.
The first session to convene in the capitol opened on November 16, 1840.
Construction of the current legislative building started in early 1961. The first
session held in the new building convened on February 6, 1963.

The organizational structure of state government established by the Constitution
of 1868 remained basically unchanged with the adoption of the state's third
constitution in 1971. As one of the three branches of government established by
the constitution, the legislative branch is equal with, but independent of, the executive
and judicial branches. It is composed of the General Assembly and its administrative
support units. The North Carolina constitution gives the General Assembly
legislative, or law-making, power for the entire state. This means, in the words of
the state's Supreme Court, that the legislature has "the authority to make or enact
laws; to establish rules and regulations governing the conduct of the people, their
rights, duties and procedures; and to prescribe the consequences of certain activities."
These mandates give the General Assembly the power to make new laws and amend
or repeal existing laws on a broad range of issues that have statewide as well as local
impact. The legislature also dehnes criminal law in North Carolina.

403

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Legislators in both the N.C. Senate and House of Representatives stand for
election every two years in even-numbered years. Members of both houses are
drawn from districts established by law. Qualifications for election differ slightly
for each house. For election to either house, a person must reside in the district he
or she wants to represent for at least one year prior to the election. Candidates must
be registered to vote in North Carolina. Senate candidates must be at least 25 years
old on the date ol the election and a resident of the state for two years immediately
preceding the election. House candidates must be at least 21 years old on the date
of the election, in addition to the previously stated qualifications.

A constitutional amendment approved by voters in 1982 set the hrst day of
Januar)' following the No\'ember general election as the date legislators officially
lake office. Prior to the amendment, legislators took office immediately following
the November election.

Each house of the legislature elects a principal clerk. The Senate also elects a
reading clerk and a sergeant-at-arms. These positions are appointed m the House.
The president of the Senate (lieutenant governor) presides over its sessions. A
president pro-tem, elected by senators from among their membership, presides
over the Senate in the absence ot the lieutenant governor. The speaker of the House
of Representatives is elected by the representatives from among their membership.
Other officers m each respective house are elected either by the membership as a
whole or by the members of each party.

Much of the General Assembly's legislative work occurs through standing
committees. Shortly after the start of every legislative session, the leadership m each
house forms standing committees, appointing members of their respective house
to the committees. Since 1989, the president pro-tem has appointed Senate
committees, a duty traditionally given the president of the Senate. The speaker of
the House appoints committees m that chamber. These leaders often make committee
assignments based on legislators' interests and expertise. In the most recent session,
there were 25 standing committees m the Senate and 37 m the House.

The Legislative Services Commission manages the General Assembly's
administrative staff, the Legislative Services Office. The president pro-tem of the
Senate and the speaker of the House alternate chairmanship of the Legislative Services
Commission on a yearly basis and each appoints seven members from his or her
respective house to serve on the commission. The commission employs a Legislative
Services Officer who serves as chief staff officer for the commission. The Legislative
Services Office has five support divisions, each managed by a director:

404

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Administrative Division

The Administrative Divisions primary role is to provide logistical support to
the General Assembly in a variety of areas such as budget preparation and
administration, building maintenance, equipment and supplies, mailing operations,
printing (including printed bills) and a host of other services.

Information Systems Division

The Information Systems Division designs, develops and maintains a number
of computer applications used by the General Assembly staff. Legal document
retrieval, bill status reporting, hscal information systems, ofhce automation and
electronic publishing are all functions of the division. A Legislative Services
Commission sub-committee sets policies governing the divisions operation and
access to the Legislative Computer Center.

Bill Drafting Division

The Bill Drafting Division assists legislators by preparing bills for introduction.
Staff attorneys draft the bills and make sure they are entered into the computer and
printed. They also make sure that the proper number of copies of draft bills are
delivered to the introducing legislator. Division staff follow numerous guidelines
to ensure conftdentiahty.

Fiscal Research Division

The Fiscal Research Division serves as the research and watchdog arm of the
General Assembly on fiscal and compliance matters regarding state government. Its
statutory duties include fiscal analysis, operational reviews and reporting.

Research Division

The Research Division obtains information and makes legal and non-fiscal
analyses of subjects affecting and affected by state law and government. Individual
legislators and standing committee of the General Assembly alike can request the
divisions services. Division staff also answer questions from other North Carohna
and sister state agencies and private citizens.

For more information about the Legislative Services Ofhce, call (919) 733-
4111 or visit the offices Web site at www.ncleg.net.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

George Rubin Halljr.

Legislative Services Officer

Early Years

Born in Raleigh, N.C. April 14, 1939, to George
Ivubin, Sr. (deceased) and Ludie Jane Conner
Hall ideceased).

Educational Background

Hugh Morson High School, 1953-55; Needham
Broughton High School, 1955-57; Bachelors of
Science, Campbell College, 1964; Post-graduate
work in Public Personnel Administration, N.C.
State University; Government Executives
institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1982.

Professional Background

Legislative Services Officer, 1979-Present; 14

years, N.C. Division of Vocational

Rehabilitation; former Administrative Officer

with N.C. General Assembly; Licensed Building Contractor; Licensed Real Estate

Broker.

Boards and Commissions

Former member, Wake County School Board Advisory Council; Manpower Area
Planning Council, Region J, 1972-73.

Military Service

Staff Sgt., N.C. Army National Guard, 1959-60 (active duty), 1960-65 (reserve
duty).

Personal Information

Married, Carolpi Mane Young of Raleigh on June 26, 1960. Three children. Three
grandchildren. Member, Longview Baptist Church, Raleigh, N.C.

The 2001 General Assembly

The 2001 General Assembly North Carolina's 144th, convened m the respective
chambers of the Senate and House of Representatives in the Legislative Building in
Raleigh at noon on January 24. The opening of the session was convened by
Lieutenant Governor Beverly E. Perdue m the Senate and Principal Clerk of the
House, Denise Weeks. Prior to 1957, the General Assembly convened in January at
a time fixed by the Constitution of North Carolina. From 1957 through 1967,
sessions convened m February at a time fixed by the Constitution. The 1969 General
Assembly was the first to convene on a date fixed by law afier elimination of the
constitutionally fixed date. The assembly now convenes on the third Wednesday

406

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

after the second Monday in January after the November election. The 2001 General
Assembly adjourned on Thursday, Dec. 6, 2001.

Women in the General Assembly

Lillian Exum Clement of Buncombe County was the first woman to serve in the
General Assembly. Clement served in the 1921 House of Representatives. Since
then, more than 101 women have served in the General Assembly. There were 32
women in the 2001 General Assembly, five in the Senate and 27 in the House of
Representatives.

Representative Ruth M. Easterling, a Democrat form Mecklenburg County,
became the longest-serving woman m the General Assembly during the 1999
session. Representative Easterling, currently in her thirteenth term, surpassed former
Senator Lura S. Tally, a Democrat from Cumberland County, and former
Representative Jo Graham Foster, a Democrat from Mecklenburg County, for the
longevity record. Former Senator Tally served five terms in the House and six in the
Senate. Former Representative Foster served all of her terms in the House.

Minorities in the General Assembly

During Reconstruction — and particularly after the adoption of the Constitution
of 1868 — minorities were elected to the General Assembly for the first time in the
states history. Fifteen African-Americans were elected to the House of Representatives
and two to the Senate in 1868. Under the leadership of Representative Parker D.
Robbins of Hertford County and Senators A. H. Galloway of New Hanover County
and John A. Hyman of Warren County the 1868 General Assembly approved the
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guaranteed
citizenship for African-Americans. As conservative Democrats regained power in
the 1890s, African-American representation in the General Assembly disappeared
for nearly 60 years. Henry E. Frye of Guilford County became the first African-
American to serve in the General Assembly during this century when he was elected
to the House of Representatives in 1969. Twenty-five African-Americans served in
the 2001 General Assembly, seven in the Senate and 18 in the House of
Representatives. Representative H.M. Michaux holds the record for most terms served
in the General Assembly by an African- American. He has served over ten terms in
the House of Representatives. The Houses only current member of Native American
descent is Rep. Ronnie Sutton of Robeson County (Democrat, 85th House District).
The Houses only current Hispanic member is Rep. Daniel F. McComas of New
Hanover County (Republican, 13th House District).

Miscellaneous Facts and Figtires

The oldest member of the 2001 Senate was R. L. Martin (11/8/18), a Democrat
from Pitt County The youngest member of the 2001 Senate was Cal Cunningham(8/
6/73), a Democrat from Davidson County. The oldest member of the 2001 House

407

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

of Representatives was Ruth Easterling (12/26/10), a Democrat from Mecklenburg
County. The youngest member of the 2001 House of Representatives was G. Wayne
Goodwin (2/22/67), a Democrat from Richmond County The senator with the
longest tenure is R.C. Soles, Jr., a Democrat from Columbus County, serving his
seventeenth term - four in the House and 13 m the Senate. Currently there are four
members of the House with thirteen terms: Rep. Harold J. Brubaker from Randolphh
County, Rep. Ruth M. Easterling from Mecklenburg County, Rep. George M. Holmes
from Yadkin County and Rep. Edd Nye (12 terms m the House; one term m the
Senate) from Bladen County Former Rep. Liston B. Ramsey (deceased), a Democrat
from Madison County, holds the all-time record for longevity m service with nineteen
terms, all of them in the House. The record was previously held by former state
Representative Dwight Qumn, a Democrat from Cabarrus County, who served all
of his eighteen terms m the House.

Salaries of Legislators

Members of the 2001 General Assembly received a base salaiy of $13,951 per
year and a monthly expense allowance of $559. The speaker of the House and the
president pro-tempore of the Senate each received a base salar)- of $38,151 per year
and a monthly expense allowance of $1,413. The Senate deputy pro-tempore and
the speaker pro-tempore of the House each received base salaries of $21,739 and
monthly expense allowances of $836. The majority and minority leaders of each
house received $17,048 m base salaiy and monthly expense allowances of $666.
During the legislative session and when they are carrying out the state's business, all
legislators receive a subsistence allowance of $104 per day and a travel allowance of
$.29 per mile.

408

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

2001 North Carolina Senate

officers

President (Lieutenant Governor)

Beverly Eaves Pei

rdue

President Pro Tempore

Marc Basnight

Deputy President Pro Tempore

Frank W Ballance, Jr.

Majority Leader

Tony Rand

Minority Leader

Patrick J. Ballantine

Majority Whip

Luther Henry Jordan, Jr.

Minority Whip

James Forrester

Principal Clerk

Janet B. Pruitt

Reading Clerk

LeRoy Clark, Jr.

Sergeant at Arms

Cecil Coins

Senators

Name

District

County

Address

Albertson, Charles W (D)

5th

Duplin

Beulaville

Allran, Austm M. (R)

26th

Catawba

Hickory

Ballance, Frank W, Jr. (D)

2nd

Warren

Warrenton

Ballantine, Patrick J. (R)

4th

New Hanover

Wilmington

Basnight, Marc (D)

1st

Dare

Manteo

Berger, Philip E. (R)

12th

Rockingham

Eden

Bingham, Stan (R)

38th

Davidson

Denton

Carpenter, Robert C. (R)

42nd

Macon

Franklin

Carrington, John H. (R)

36th

Wake

Raleigh

Carter, Charles (D)

28th

Buncombe

Asheville

Clodfelter, Daniel G. (D)

40th

Mecklenburg

Charlotte

Cunningham, James C, 111 (D)

23rd

Davidson

Lexington

Dalton, Walter H. (D)

37th

Rutherford

Rutherfordton

Dannelly Charlie Smith (D)

33rd

Mecklenburg

Charlotte

Forrester, James (R)

39th

Gaston

Stanley

Foxx, Virginia (R)

12th

Watauga

Banner Elk

Garrou, Linda (D)

20th

Forsyth

Winston-Salem

Garwood, John A. (R)

27th

Wilkes

North Wilkesboro

Gulley Wib (D)

13th

Durham

Hagan, Kay R. (D)

32nd

Guilford

Greensboro

Harris, Oscar N. (D)

15th

Johnston

Dunn

Hartsell, Fletcher L., Jr. (R)

22nd

Cabarrus

Concord

Horton, Hamilton C, Jr. (R)

20th

Forsyth

Winston-Salem

Hoyle, David W. (D)

25th

Gaston

Gastonia

Jordan, Luther Henry, Jr. (D)

7th

New Hanover

Wilmington

Kerr, John H., Ill (D)

8th

Wayne

Goldsboro

409

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Senators (continued)

Name

Kinnaird, Eleanor (D)
Lee, Howard N. (D)
Lucas, Jeanne Hopkins (D)
Martin, R.L. (D)
Martin, William N. (D)
Metcalf, Stephen M. (D)
Miller, Brad (D)
Moore, Kenneth R. (R)
Odom, T. LaFontme, Sr. (D)
Perdue, Beverly E. (D)
PhiUips, Jim W, Sr. (D)
Plyler, Aaron W. (D)
Purcell, William R. (D)
Rand, Anthony E. (D)
Reeves, Eric M. (D)
Robinson, Dan (D)
Rucho, Robert A. (R)
Shaw, Larry (D)
Shaw, Robert G. (R)
Soles, R.C., Jr. (D)
Swindell, A.B., IV (D)
Thomas, Scott (D)
Warren, Ed N. (D)
Webster, Hugh (R)
Weinstein, David E (D)
Wellons, Allen H. (D)

Leaders of the Senate

District

County

Address

16th

Orange

Carrboro

16th

Orange

Chapel Hill

13th

Durham

6th

Pitt

Bethel

31st

Guilford

Greensboro

28th

Buncombe

Asheville

14th

Wake

Raleigh

27th

Caldwell

Lenoir

34th

Mecklenburg

Charlotte

3rd

Craven

New Bern

23rd

Davidson

Lexington

17 th

Union

Monroe

17 th

Scotland

Laurmburg

24th

Cumberland

FayetteviUe

14th

Wake

Raleigh

29th

Jackson

Cullowhee

35th

Mecklenburg

Matthews

41st

Cumberland

Eayette\4lle

19th

Guilford

Greensboro

18th

Columbus

Tabor City

10th

Nash

Nashville

3rd

Craven

New Bern

9th

Pitt

Greenville

21st

Caswell

Yancey\'ille

30th

Robeson

Lumberton

11th

Johnston

Smithfield

Speakers of the Senate

Senator
Samuel Ashe
Whitmel Hill
Allen Jones
Allen Jones
Abner Nash
Abner Nash
Alexander Martin
Alexander Martin
Alexander Martin

County

New Hanover

Martin

Northampton

Jones

Guilford

Assembly

1777

1778

1779

1780

1781

1782

410

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Speakers of the Senate (continued)

Senator

County

Assembly

Richard Caswell

Dobbs

1782

Richard Caswell

Dobbs

1783

Richard Caswell

Dobbs

1784 (April)

Richard Caswell

Dobbs

1784 (October)

Alexander Martin

Guilford

1785

James Coor

Craven

1786-87

Alexander Martin

Guilford

1787

Alexander Martin

Guilford

1788

Richard Caswell

Dobbs

1789

Charles Johnston

Chowan

1789

William Lenoir

Wilkes

1790

William Lenoir

Wilkes

1791-92

William Lenoir

Wilkes

1792-93

William Lenoir

Wilkes

1793-94

William Lenoir

Wilkes

1794-95

Benjamin Smith

Brunswick

1795

Benjamin Smith

Brunswick

1796

Benjamin Smith

Brunswick

1797

Benjamin Smith

Brunswick

1798

Benjamin Smith

Brunswick

1799

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1800

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1801

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1802

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1803

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1804

Alexander Martin

Guilford

1805

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1806

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1807

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1808

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1809

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1810

Joseph Riddick

Gates

1811

George Outlaw

Bertie

1812

George Outlaw

Bertie

1813

George Outlaw

Bertie

1814

John Branch

Halifax

1815

John Branch

HaUfax

1816

John Branch

Halifax

1817

Bartlett Yancey

Caswell

1817

411

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Speakers of the Senate

Senator
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlet Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Bartlett Yancey
Jesse Speight
Bedford Brown
David E Caldwell
David F. Caldwell
William D. Mosely
William D. Mosely
William D. Mosely
William D. Mosely
Hugh Waddell
Andrew Joyner
Andrew Joyner
Lewis D. Wilson
Burgess S. Gaither
Andrew Joyner
Calvin Graves
Weldon N. Edwards
Weldon N. Edwards
Warren Winslow
William W Avery
Henry T. Clark
Henry T. Clark
Giles Mebane
Giles Mebane
Thomas Settle
Matthias E. Manly
Joseph H. Wilson

(continued)

County

Caswell

Greene

Caswell

Rowan

Lenoir

Orange

Halifax

HaUfax

Edgecombe

Burke

Halifax

Caswell

Warren

Cumberland

Burke

Edgecombe

Alamance

Rockingham

Craven

Mecklenburg

Assembly

1818

1819

1820

1821

1822

1823-24

1824-25

1825-26

1826-27

1827-28

1828-29

1829-30

1830-31

1831-32

1832-33

1833-34

1834-35

1835

1836-37

1838-39

1840-41

1842-43

1844-45

1846-47

1848-49

1850-51

1852

1854-55

1856-57

1858-59

1860-61

1862-64

1864-65

1865-66

1866-67

412

THE STATE LEGISLATU RE

CHAPTER FIVE

Presidents Pro-Tempore of the Senate^

Senator-

County

Assembly

Edward J. Warren

Beaufort

1870-72

James T. Morehead

Guilford

1872-74
1874-75

James L. Robinson

Macon

1876-77

William A. Graham

Lincoln

1879-80

William T. Dorch

Buncombe

1881
1883

E. T. Boykin

Sampson

1885
1887

Edwin W Kerr

Sampson

1889

William D. Turner

Iredell

1891

John L. King

Guilford

1893

E. L. Franck, Jr.

Onslow

1895
1897

R. L. Smith

Stanly

1899-1900

E A. Whitaker

Wake

1899-1900

Henr)' A. London

Chatham

1901

Henry A. London

Chatham

1903

Charles A. Webb

Buncombe

1905

Charles A. Webb

Buncombe

1907-08

Whitehead Klutz

Rowan

1909

Henry N. Pharr

Mecklenburg

1911

Henry N. Pharr

Mecklenburg

1913

Oliver Max Gardner

Cleveland

1915

Fordyce C. Harding

Pitt

1917

Lmdsey C. Warren

Washington

1917

William L. Long

Halifax

1921

William L. Long

Hahfax

1923-24

William S. H. Burgwyn

Northampton

1925

William L. Long

Halifax

1927

Thomas L. Johnson

Robeson

1929

Rivers D. Johnson

Duplin

1931

William G. Clark

Edgecombe

1933

Paul D. Grady

Johnston

1935

Andrew H. Johnston

Buncombe

1937-38

James A. Bell

Mecklenburg

1937-38

Whitman E. Smith

Stanly

1939

John D. Larkins, Jr.

Jones

1941

John H. Price

Rockingham

1943

413

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Presidents Pro-Tempore of the Senate

Senator
Archie C. Gay
Joseph L. Blyihe
James C. Pillnian
Rufus G. Rankin
Edwin Pale
Paul E. Jones
Claude Curric
Robert E Mors;an
William L. Crew
Ralph H. Scott
Robert B. Morgan
Herman A. Moore
Neill H. McGeachy
Frank N. Patterson, Jr.
Gordon P Allen
Gordon P. Allen
John T. Henley
John T. Henley
W Craig Lawing
W. Craig Lawing
W Craig Lawing
J. J. Harrington
J. J. Harrington
Henson P. Barnes
Henson R Barnes
Marc Basnight

County

Northampton

Mecklenburg

Lee

Gaston

Scotland

Pitt

Durham

Cleveland

Halifax

Alamance

Harnett

Mecklenburg

Cumberland

Stanly

Person

Cumberland

Mecklenburg

Bertie

Wayne

Dare

(continued)

Assembly

1945

1947

1949

1951

1953

1955-56

1957

1959

1961

1963

1965-66

1967

1969

1971

1973-74

1975-76

1977-78

1979-80

1981-82

1983-84

1985-86

1987-88

1989-90

1990-91

1992-Present

The state constitution of 1868 abolished the office of speaker of the Senate, in
creating the office of lieutenant governor with similar duties and functions rW
lieutenant governor presides over the Senate and is called "the president ctlj;-
Senate" when serving in this capacity. Senators also elect one of their membcs
serve as president pro-tempore during periods when the lieutenant can not prac

414

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Marc Basnight

President Pro-Tempore of the
N.C. Senate

Democrat, Dare County

First Senatorial District: Camden, Chowan,
Currituck, Dare, Hyde, Pasquotanlz,
Perquimans, Tyrrell and portions of Beau-
fort, Bertie and Washington counties.

Early Years

Born in Manteo, Dare County, May 13, 1947,
to St. Clair and Cora Mae Daniels Basnight.

Educational Background

Manteo High School, 1966.

Professional Background

Basnight Construction Company and Lone
Cedar Cafe.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1985-Present (President Pro-Tempore 1993-Present).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Manteo Lions Club; 32nd-Degree Mason; First Flight Society.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

North Carolina Board of Transportation, representing Camden, Chowan, Currituck,
Dare, Pasquotank and Perquimans Counties, 1977-83; Dare County Tourist Bureau
(Chairman 1974-76).

Honors and Awards

Most Effective Senator, N.C. Center for Public Policy Research, 1999, 1997, 1995,
1993; Razor Walker Award for Contributions to Public Education, R. Donald Watson
School of Education, UNC-Wilmmgton, 2001; Honorary Doctor of Laws (1999)
and William Richardson Davie Award (1995), University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill.

Personal Information

Married, Sandy Tillett Basnight, March 23, 1968. Two children. Member, Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Ex-Officio member of all standing Senate committees.

415

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Frank W. Ballance, Jr.

Deputy President Pro-Tempore

Democrat, Warren County

Second Senatorial District: Gates, Hertford,
Northampton, Warren and Portions of Berti,
Halifax and Vance counties

Early Years

Born m Windsor, Bertie County, February 15,
1942, to Frank Winston and Alice (Eason)
Ballance.

Educational Background

WS. Etheridge High School, 1959; North Carolina
Central University, 1963; North Carolina Central
Law School, 1965.

Professional Background

Attorney, Frank W Ballance, Jr. & Associates, PA 1990-Present (Ballance and Reaves,
1985-89; Frank W Ballance, Jr., 1979-1984; Clayton and Ballance, 1966-1979);
Librarian and Professor, South Carolina State College School of Law, 1965-66.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1989-Present; Member, N.C. House of Representatives 1983-
86.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Chair, Warren County Chapter, NAACP, 1988; N.C. State Bar, 1965-Present; N.C.
Association of Trial Lav^yers; N.C. Association of Black Lawyers.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Comnussions

Board of Trustees, Elizabeth City State University; Board of Trustees, North Carolina
Central University.

Military Service

North Carolina National Guard, 1968; Reser\'es, 1968-71.

Personal Information

Manied, Bernadine Smallwood Ballance, 1969. Three children. Member, Greenwood
Baptist Church, Warrenton.

Committee Assignments

Co-Chair, Appropriations on Justice and Public Safety and Judiciary 11. Member,
Appropriations/Base Budget, Commerce, Insurance, State and Local Government,
Wavs and Means.

416

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Anthony E. Rand

Senate Majority Leader

Democrat, Cumberland County

Twenty -Fourth Senatovial District: Portions of
Cumberland County

Early Years

Born in Panther Branch Township, Wake
County, on September 1, 1939, to Walter Rand,
Jr., and Geneva Yeargan Rand.

Educational Background

Garner High School, 1957; B.A. in Pohtical
Science, University of North Carolina, 1961;
J.D. , University of North Carolina School of Law,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1964.

Professional Background

Consuhant, Prime Medical Services, Inc.; President, MedTech Investments, Inc.;
President, Rand & Gregory, PA.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1981-88 and 1994-Present (Majority Leader, 1987-88 and
2001 -Present)

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association/American Bar Association; Board of Trustees, All Kinds of
Minds Board of Directors, First Citizens Bank & Trust Company, FayettevilleNational
Health Lawyers Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Advisory Budget Commission; Co-Chair, Employee Hospital and Medical Benefits
Committee; Board of Directors and Treasurer, General Alumni Association of the
University of North Carolina.

Honors and Awards

Honorary Doctor of Laws Degree, Fayetteville State University, 2000; Distinguished
Alumnus Award/Carolina Law Distinguished Alumni Award, UNC-CH, 2001;
Chancellors Medallion, Fayetteville State University, 2001.

Personal Information

Married to Karen Skarda Rand of Downers Grove, lUinois, on May 30, 1981. Two
children. Member, St. Johns Episcopal Church, Fayetteville.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Rules and Operations of the Senate; Vice-Chair, Appropriations/Base Budget/
Justice and Public Safety, Information Technology; Member, Judiciary I, Finance.

417

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Patrick J. Ballantine

Senate Minority Leader

Republican, New Hanover County

Fourth Senatorial District: Portions of Carteret,
New Hanover, Onslow and Pender counties

Early Years

Born March 17, 1965, m Grand Forks, Norih
Dakota, lo James Clinton and Margaret Wilker
Ballantine.

Educational Background

Cape Fear Academy, Wilmington, N.C., 1983; B.A.
m Political Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1987; J.D.,
University of Dayton School of Law, 1990.

Professional Background

Attorney and Businessman.

Political Activities

Member. N.C. Senate, 1994-Present (Minority Leader, 1999-Present).

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Rotary; National Republican Legislators Association; Friends of Airlie Gardens.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

American Lung Association; New Hanover County Children's Museum; New Hanover
Countv Crime Commission.

Personal Information

Married to Lisa Beard Ballantine of Fort Worth, Te.xas on August 10, 1991. One
child. Member, St. Andrews on the Sound Episcopal Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Commerce; Ranking Minority Member, Insurance and Consumer
Protection and Redistncting; Member, Finance, Judiciary 1 and Wavs and Means.

418

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Luther H.Jordan, Jr.

Senate Majority Whip

Democrat, New Hanover County
(deceased April 23, 2002)

Seventh Senatorial District: Portions of Jones,
Lenoir, New Hanover, Onslow and Pender
counties

Early Years

Born on June 1, 1950, m New York, N.Y.

Educational Background

New Hanover High School, 1969; Graduate of
Mortuary Science, Gupton Jones College, 1972;
B.A., Shaw University 1997.

Professional Background

President, Jordan's Funeral Home, Inc.,
Wihnnigton, and Jordan Columbus County
Chapel, Riegelwood, N.C.

Political Activities

N.C. Senate, 1993-2002 (Senate Majority Whip, 1999-2002); Member, Wilmington
City Council, 15 years (Mayor Pro-Tempore); Second Vice-Chair, North Carolina
Democratic Party.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Life Member, NAACP; Member, Gupton Jones College Alumni Association; Member.
National Black Caucus.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Trustees, Shaw University; Board of Directors, Wachovia Bank and Trust;
N.C. Institute of Minority Economic Development.

Honors and Awards

Luther Jordan Week, Proclaimed by City of Wilmington, November 12-18, 2001;
Man of the Year, Winston-Salem State University Alumni, 1992; Omega Psi Phi
Fraternity Inc., 6th District Outstanding Service Award, 1988.

Personal Information

Chestnut Street Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Justice and Public Safety; Vice-Chair, State and Local
Government, Commerce, Insurance and Consumer Protection; Co-Chair, Correction
and Crime Control Oversight.

419

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

James S. Forrester, MD

Senate Minority Whip

Republican, Gaston County

Thirty-Ninth Scnatoiial District: Portions of
Gaston, Iredell and Lincoln counties

Early Years

Born in Aberdeen, Scotland, January 8, 1937, lo
James S. and Nancy McLennan Forrester,

Educational Background

New Hanover High, 1954; B.S. m Science, Wake
Forest University, 1958; M.D., Bowman Gray
School of Medicine of WFU, 1962; M. PH., UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1976.

Professional Background

Physician, Family Practice.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1991 -Present; County Commissioner, Gaston County 1982-
90; Chair, Board of Commissioners, 1989-90.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Gaston County Medical Society; N.C. Medical Society; Aerospace Medical Association
(A. Fellow).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Past Vice-Chair, Gaston-Lmcoln Mental Health; Past President, Gaston County Heart
Association; Board ot Directors (past), Childrens Council, Gaston County.

Military Service

N.C. Air National Guard, HQ NCANG, Brig General, Ret.; Former Commander of
145 TAG clinic and State Air Surgeon;Participated in air evacuation m Vietnam.

Honors and Awards

Jefferson Award for Public Service, 1988; N.C. Medical Society Physician
Community Service Award, 1994; Distinguished Achievement Award, Bowman Gray
School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, 1997.

Personal Information

Married to Mary Frances All Forrester of Wilmington on March 12, 1960. Four
children. Member, First Baptist Church, Stanley.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Appropriations/Base Budget; Ranking Minority Member, Appropriations
on Health and Human Resources, Children & Human Resources, Rules and
Operations of the Senate; Member, Commerce, Education/Higher Education, Health
Care, Insurance and Consumer Protection, Judiciar)' 11 and Redistrictmg.

420

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Charles W.AIbertson

Democrat, Duplin County

Fifth Senatorial District: Duplin and Portions of
Jones, Onslow, Pender and Sampson counties

■2* f

Early Years

Born in Beulaville, Duplin County, January 4, 1932, to
James Edward and Mary Elizabeth Norris Albertson.

Educational Background

Beulaville Elementary and High School, 1938-50;
attended James Sprunt Community College.

Professional Background

Farmer; Retired PPQ Officer, USDA; Professional
Musician; Songwriter and Publisher; Recording Artist.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1993-Present; Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1989-
92.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Beulaville Investors Club; North Carolina Farm Bureau; Co-coordinator, Yokefellow
Prison Ministry 1978-80.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

James Sprunt Community Cohege, Board of Trustees, 1977-1992 (Chair, 1986-
1989); James Sprunt Community College Foundation Board of Directors, 1980;
Chair, James Sprunt Community College Foundation, 1983-86.

Military Service

Served, U.S. Air Force, 1951-52.

Honors and Awards

Two Certificates of Esteem from U.S. Defense Department for entertaining troops in
26 counties; DupUn County Board of Commissioners proclaimed Charlie Albertson
Day May 25, 1975; Long-Leaf Pine Award; Award for writing song for USDA APHIS.

Personal Information

Married to Grace Sholar Albertson on February 15, 1953. Two children. Three
grandchildren. Member, Beulaville Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair: Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources; Vice-Chair: Rurall Development;
Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Appropriations on Natural Resources,
Finance, Judiciary 1, Pensions & Retirement and Aging, Redistricting, Rules and
Operations of the Senate, State and Local Government, Ways & Means.

421

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Austin Murphy Allran

Republican, Catawba County

Twenty-Sixth Senatorial District: Catawba and
Portions of Lincoln counties

Early Years

Born m Hickory, Catawba County, December 13,
1951, to Albert M. and Mary Ethel Houser Allran.

Educational Background

Hickoiy High School, 1970; B.A. m English and
History, Duke University, 1974; J.D., Southern
Methodist University School of Law, 1978; M.A.
m English, North Carolina State University, 1998.

Professional Background

Attorney at Law.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate 1987-Present (Senate Minority Whip, 1995-1996); Member,
N.C. House, 1981-86.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Sons of Confederate Veterans; Catawba County Historical Association; Sons oi the
American Revolution.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Trustees and Vice-President, Hickory Landmarks Society; Child Fatality
Task Eorce; Mental Health Oversight & Reform Study Commission.

Honors and Awards

1999 Legislator of the Year, Initiative to Reduce Underage Drinking; 1992 Taxpayers'
Best Friend, N.C. Taxpayers United; 1999 Certihcate of Appreciation Award, Catawba
County Partnership Against Underage Drinking.

Personal Information

Married to Judy Mosbach Allran on September 27, 1980. Two children. Life-long
member, Corinth Reformed LJnited Church of Christ, Hickory

Committee Assignments

Vice Chair: Appropriations/Base Budget; Ranking Minority Member, Appropriations
on General Government, Education/Higher Education, Finance, Ways and Means;
Member, Children and Human Resources, Information Technology, Judiciary I.

422

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Philip Edward Berger

Republican, Rockingham County

Twelfth Senatorial District: Portions of Alleghany,
Ashe, Guilford, Rockingham, Stokes, Surry and
Watauga counties

Early Years

Bora in New Rochelle, New York, August 8, 1952,
to Francis H. and Eunice Talley Berger.

Educational Background

George Washington High School, Danville, Va.,

1970; Studied Business, Danville Community

College, B.A. in Sociology, Averett College, 1980; J.D., Wake Forest University

University School of Law, 1982.

Professional Background

Attorney at Law.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate 2001-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Executive Board, Old North State Council, Boy Scouts of America.

Personal Information

Married to Patricia Hayes Berger. Three children. One grandchild. Member, First
Presbyterian Church, Eden.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, Rural Development; Member, Appropriations on
Transportation, Appropriations/Base Budget, Commerce, Judiciary I, Pensions &
Retirement and Aging, Transportation, Ways and Means.

423

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Stan Bingham

Republican, Davidson County

Thirty-Eighth Senatorial District: Davie and
Portions of Davidson, Forsyth and Rowan counties

Professional Background

Lumber Company Owner.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 2001 -Present.

Personal Information

Mamed, Lora Bmaham.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, Appropriations on Justice

& Public Safety; Member, Agriculture/Environment/

Natural Resources, Appropriations/Base Budget, Children & Human Resources,

Education/Higher Education, Judiciary' II, Rural Development.

424

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Robert C. Carpenter

Republican, Macon County

Forty-Second Senatorial District: Cherokee, Clay,
Graham, Polk and Portions of Buncombe,
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon and
Transylvania counties

Early Years

Born in Franklin, Macon County, June 18, 1924, to
Edgar J. and Eula D. Carpenter.

Educational Background

Franklin High School, 1942; Western Carolina

University; UNC-Chapel Hill Pre-flight School;

Purdue University, LUTC; Graduate, University of Virginia School of Consumer

Banking.

Professional Background

Retired, Vice President and City Executive, First Union National Bank, Franklin.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1989-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Director, Franklin Rotary Club (President, 1959; Member for 47 years); American
Legion Post 108; Franklin AARP

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Member, Macon County Economic Development Commission; Former
Member, Board of Trustees, Southwestern Community College; Former Chair,
FrankUn First Union Board of Directors.

Military Activities

Pilot, U.S. Navy, 1943-45.

Personal Information

Married, T. Helen Edwards Bryant Carpenter, January 18, 1986 (First wife, Ruth,
deceased); Eight children; 19 grandchildren; Member, Saint Francis Catholic Church,
Franklin.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Transportation; Ranking Minority Member, Appropriations on
Department of Transportation, Commerce, Judiciary I; Member, Appropriations/
Base Budget, Insurance and Consumer Protection, Pensions & Retirement and Aging,
Rural Development.

425

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

John H.Carrington

Republican, Wake County

Thirly-Sixlh Senatorial District: Portions of Wake
County

Early Years

Born in Philadelphia, PennsyK'ania, October 25, 1934,
10 William E. and Dorelta Keys Carnnglon.

Educational Background

Miami Edison High School, Miami Florida, 1957;
Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania Military College
(Widener College), 1962; Forensic Sciences, American
Institute of Applied Sciences, 1960.

Professional Background

CEO/Director, the Sirchie Group of Companies.

Political Activities

Member, North Carolina Senate, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board Member, John Locke Foundation; Shrmer.

Military Service

Served U.S. Army, 3rd Army Airborne Training School, 1st Special Troops Brigade,
1953-55; Highest rank of E-3; Parachutist Badge; Parachute Packing and Aerial
Deliver)' Badge.

Personal Information

Two children; Two grandchildren. Protestant.

i?"

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Rules and Operations of the Senate; Member, Finance, Redislricting,
Transportation, and Ways and Means.

426

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Charles Newell Carter, Jr.

Democrat, Buncombe County

Twenty-Eighth Senatorial District: Buncombe,
Burke, Madison, McDowell and Yancey coun-
ties

Early Years

Born in Asheville, Buncombe County, May 9,
1967, to Charles Newell and Tura Hinson Carter,

Sr..

Educational Background

Asheville High School, 1986; Bachelor of Arts
in International Studies and History, Oglethorpe
University 1990.

Professional Background

Teacher, Buncombe County Public School System.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1998-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Public School Forum of North Carolina; World Trade Center North Carolina.

Honors and Awards

2001 Legislator of the Year, N.C. School Counselor Association.

Personal Information

Member, Grace Episcopal Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Education/Higher Education; Vice-Chair, Appropriations on Education/Higher
Education; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Commerce, Einance, Information
Technology Judiciary 1, Rural Development and Transportation.

427

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Daniel G. Clodfelter

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Fortieth Senatorial District: Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Born June 2, 1950, in Thomasvillc, Davidson County,
10 Billy G. and Lorene Wells Clodfelter.

Educational Background

Thomasville Senior High School, 1968; Bachelors,
Davidson College, 1972; Bachelors, Oxford
University, 1974; Lavv^ Degree, Yale Law School, 1977.

Professional Background

Attorney at law, Moore & Van Allen. PLLC.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1998-Present; Member, Charlotte City Council.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Trustee, Z. Smith Reyiiolds Foundation, Inc.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Governors Commission on Modernization of State Finances; Tax Policy
Commission; Co-Chair, Smart Growth Oversight Commission.

Honors and Awards

1972 Rhodes Scholar.

Personal Information

Married to Elizabeth K. Bevan. Two children.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Judiciary I; Vice-Chair, Finance; Member, Agriculture/Environment/Natural
Resources, Appropriations on Justice & Public Safety, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Information Technology, Redistrictmg and State and Local Government.

428

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

James Calvin Cunningham,

Republican, Davie County

Twenty-third Senatorial District: Portions of
Davidson, Iredell and Rowan counties

Early Years

Born m Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, on
August 6, 1973, to James Calvin and Julee Terry
Cunningham, II.

Educational Background

Forsyth Country Day, Lewisville, 1991; A.B. in
Philosophy and Political Science, UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1996; M.Sc. m Public Administration,
London School of Economics, 1997; J. D., School
of Law, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1999.

Professional Background

Attorney, Cunningham Crump & Cunningham PLLC.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate 2001-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board of Directors, The Life Center.

Military Service

3rd Class Petty Officer, Military Sealift Command, U.S. Navy; U.S. Naval Reserve,
1999-Present.

Honors and Awards

Distinguished Service Award, Lexington Jaycees, 2002.

Personal Information

Married to Elizabeth Kolb Cunningham. One child. Member, First Presbyterian
Church, Lexington.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Judiciary 1; Member, Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources,
Appropriations on Education/Higher Education, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Insurance and Consumer Protection, Rural Development and Transportation.

429

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Walter Harvey Dalton

Democrat, Rutherford County

Thirty-Seventh Senatorial District: Rutherford
and Portions of Cleveland counties

Early Years

Born May 21, 1949, m Rutherfordton lo Charles
C. and Amanda Haynes Dalton.

Educational Background

Riuherfordton-Spuidale High School, 1963-67;
B.S. m Business Administration, UNC-Chapel Hill,
1971; J. D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1975.

Professional Background

Attorney, Nanney Dalton & Miller.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Former Member, Child Abuse Prevention Society; Member, North Carolina State
Bar; Member, South Carolina State Bar.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Director, Southern Region Education Board; Former President, Ruthertord County
Bar; Chairman, Board of Trustees, Isothermal Community College, 1995-97.

Honors and Awards

Honorary Doctorate m Humanities, Gardner-Webb University; Honorary Life
Member, Rutherford County Fire Service, 1992; Legislator of the Year for Region C
Law Enforcement, 1997 and 1999.

Personal

Married Lucille Hodge Dalton. Two children. Member, Spindale United Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Education/Higher Education, Education/Higher Education;
Vice-Chair, Judiciary II; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Commerce, Finance,
Rules and Operations of the Senate and Rural Development.

430

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Charlie Smith Dannelly

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Thirty-third Senatorial District: Portions of
Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Born 111 Bishopville, Lee County, South Carolina,
August 13, 1924, to Robert Samuel and Minnie
Smith Dannelly.

Educational Background

Mather Academy, Camden, South Carolina, 1944;
B.A. m Education, Johnson C. Smith University,
1962; Masters in Education and Administration,
UNC-Charlotte, 1966.

Professional Background

Retired educator, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools.

Political Activities

Member, North Carolina Senate, 1995-Present; Charlotte City Council, 1977-1989.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Committee to Preserve and Restore Third Ward Board of Directors; Johnston C.
Smith University 100 Club; Omega Psi Phi Fraternity.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Advisory Council on Cancer Coordination and Control; Interagency Council for
Coordinating Homeless Programs; Underage Drinking Study Commission.

Military Activities

U.S. Army, 82nd Airborne, 1st Lt., June 26, 1951-February 1954 (Korean War);
Parachute Badge, United Nations Service Medal, Korean Service Medal with one
Bronze Star, National Defense Service Medal.

Honors and Awards

Omega Man of the Year (Pi Phi Chapter), 1978; 6th District Omega Man of the Year,
1979; Outstanding Service Awards-1983, 1986, 1987.

Personal Information

Married to Rose LaVerne Rhodes Dannelly. One child. Member, Friendship
Missionary Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Ways and Means; Vice-Chair, Appropriations on Health and Human Services,
Children and Human Resources, Education/Higher Education; Member, Finance,
Health Care, Redistricting.

431

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Virginia Foxx

Republican, Watauga County

Twelfth Scnatoyial District: Alleghany, Ashe,
Guiljovd (part), Rockingham, Stokes, Surry
and Watauga counties

Early Years

Born in New York City, N.Y., on June 29, 1943,
to Nunzio John and Dollie Garrison Palmieri.

Educational Background

Crossnore High School, Crossnore, N.C., 1957-
1961; A.B. m English, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1968;
M.A.C.T. in Sociology, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1972;
Ed.D. in Curriculum and Teaching, UNC-
Greensboro, 1985.

Professional Background

Owner, Grandfather Mountain Nursery; Vice-President, Foxx Family, Inc.; Former
President, Mayland Community College; Former Assistant Dean, General College,
Appalachian State University; Deputy Secretary, Department of Administration.

Political Activities

Member, North Carolina Senate, 1995-Present; Watauga County Board of Education,
1976-1988.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Center for Public Policy Research Board; N.C. FREE; UNC Board of Visitors.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Partner, NC Civic Education Consortium; ROAN Scholarship Selection Committee,
ETSU; Member, Banner Elk Chamber of Commerce Board, 1990-94.

Honors and Awards

2002 Contributions to Sociology Award, North Carolina Sociological Association;
2001 Roosevelt Global Leadership Institute; 2000 Guardian of Small Business
Award, National Federation of Independent Businesses.

Personal Information

Married to Thomas Allen Foxx. One child. Two grandchildren. Member, St. Elizabeth
of the Hill Country Roman Catholic Church.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, Appropriations on Information Technology; Member,
Appropriations/Base Budget, Children & Human Resources, Commerce, Education/
Higher Education, Finance, Information Technology and Redistricting.

432

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Linda Garrou

Democrat, Forsyth County

Twentieth Senatorial District: Forsyth County

Early Years

Bom in Atlanta, Georgia, to Joe and Rubye Spears
Dew.

Educational Background

Columbus High School, Columbus, Ga., 1960;
B.S. Ed. in Secondary Education (History),
University of Georgia, 1964; M.A.T. in History,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1967.

Professional Background

High School Teacher.

Political Activities

Member, North Carolina Senate, 1998-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Guardian Ad Litem (District Administrator, 1987-91; Regional Administrator, 1991-
97); Forsyth County Juvenile Justice Council; Big Brother-Big Sister.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Railroad; VA/NC High-Speed Rail Commission; Sentencing and Parole
Commission.

Honors and Awards

Ellen Winston Award for Service to Children m North Carolina, State Council for
Social Legislation.

Personal Information

Married to John L.W. Garrou. Two children. Member, First Presbyterian Church of
Winston-Salem.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Education/Higher Education; Vice-Chair, Education/Higher
Education, Information Technology; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Commerce, Finance, Insurance and Consumer Protection and Transportation.

433

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

John Allen Garwood

Republican, Wilkes County

Twenty-Seventh Senatorial District: Alexander,
Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Wilkes, Yadkin and
Portions of Burke counties

Early Years

Born on July 8, 1932, m North Wilkesboro to
James Lemuel and Annie Lura Carrigan
Garwood.

Educational Background

Wilkesboro High School, Wilkesboro, 1951;
B.S. in Business Education, Appalachian State
University, 1957.

Professional Background

Retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1996-Present; Chair, Wilkes County Commission, 1992-
94.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member, Local Board, First Citizens Bank, 1975-Present; Member, UNC Board of
Governors, 1985-96; Member, Appalachian State University Board of Trustees, 1973-
80 (Chair, 1979-80).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

UNC Board of Governors.

Military Service

Sergeant, 11th Airborne, U.S. Army, 1953-55, Korean War.

Honors and Awards

Outstanding Alumnus Award, Appalachian State University, 1997.

Personal Information

Married Wanda Bandy Garwood on August 3, 1957. Three children. Five
grandchildren. Member, Wilkesboro United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, Transportation; Member, Agriculture/Lnxironment/
Natural Resources, Appropriations/Base Budget, Appropriations on EducatioiVHigher
Education, Education/Higher Education, Health Care, State and Local Government.

434

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Wib Gulley

Democrat, Durham County

Thirtemth Senatonal District: Durham,
Granville and Portions of Person and Wake
counties

Early Years

Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, on July 31, 1948,
to Wilbur P. Gulley, Jr. and Jane Harrison Ashley

Educational Background

Hall High School, 1966; Bachelor of Arts m
History, Duke University, 1970; J.D.,
Northeastern University, School of Law, 1981.

Professional Background

Attorney and Partner, Law firm of Gulley and Calhoun.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1993-Present; Mayor, City of Durham, 1985-89; Member,
Democratic National Committee, 1986-87; Member, N.C. Democratic Party,
Executive Committee, 1986-95; First Vice-Chair, Durham County Democratic Party,
1983-86.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizcitions

Member of Board and Past Chair, Triangle Transit Authority; Member, Transit 2001
Commission; Board Member and Past Chair, Durham Service Corps.

Honors and Awards

First Breath of Life Aw^ard, N.C. Lung Association and N.C. Thoracic Society, 2002;
1995 Outstanding Legislator Award, N.C. Chapter, American Planning Association;
The 1996 Margaret Sanger Award from Planned Parenthood.

Personal Information

Married, Charlotte L. Nelson. Two children. Member, First Presbyterian Church,
Durham.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Department of Transportation; Vice-Chair, Agriculture/
Environment/Natural Resources, Rules and Operations of the Senate, Transportation;
Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Education/Higher Education, Finance,
Information Technology, Judiciary 1 and Redistricting.

435

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Kay Hagan

Democrat, Guilford County

Thirty-second Senatorial District: Guilford
County

Early Years

Born m Shelby, N.C., to Joseph R and Jeanette
Chiles Ruthven.

Educational Background

Lakeland High School, Lakeland, Fla., 1971;
Bachelor of Arts, Florida State University, 1975;
J.D., Wake Forest University, School of Law,
1978.

Professional Background

Attorney at law.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Legal Representative, Ethics Committee, Cone Hospital; Executive Committee, UNC-
Greensboro Excellence Foundation; Advisoiy Council, Greensboro Convention &
Visitors Bureau.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

NCA^A High-Speed Rail Commission; Underage Drinking Study Commission; Child
Weil-Being & Domestic Violence Task Force.

Personal Information

Married, Charles Tilden Hagan. Three children. Member, First Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Judiciary 11; Vice-Chair, Appropriations on Information Technology,
Redistricting; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Children and Human Resources,
Commerce, Education/Higher Education, Finance, Information Technology and
Insurance and Consumer Protection.

436

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Oscar N.Harris

Democrat, Johnston County

Fifteenth Senatorial District: Harnett,
Johnston, Sampson and Lee counties

Early Years

Born in Newton Grove, Sampson County to
William Asber and Mamie Washington Godwin
Harris.

Educational Background

Hobbton High School, Newton Grove, 1958;
Edwards Military Academy, 1962; B.S. in
Business Administration, Campbell University,
1965.

Professional Background

Certihed Public Accountant, Oscar N. Harris & Associates, PA.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1999-Present; Mayor, City of Dunn, 1987-95.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Harnett County Community Fund; Rotary Club of Dunn; Shrine Club of Dunn.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board Member, Southeastern College of the AssembUes of God; Presidential Board
of Advisors, Campbell University; Board of Advisors, N.C. Masonic Charities.

Military Service

Sergeant, l""" Marine Division, U.S. Marine Corps, 1958-61 (active reserves, 1961-
66); Good Conduct Award.

Honors and Av^ards

1986 Man of the Year, City of Dunn; 1997 Distinguished Service Award, Boy Scouts
of America; 1991 Public Service Award, N.C. Association of Certified Public
Accountants..

Personal Information

Married, Jean Carolyn Wood Harris. Two children. Three grandchildren. Member,
Glad Tidings Assembly of God.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Pensions & Retirement and Aging; Vice-Chair, Appropriations on General
Government, Insurance and Consumer Protection; Member, Agriculture/
Environment/Natural Resources, Appropriations/Base Budget, Finance, Children
& Human Resources, Finance, Redistricting and Rural Development.

437

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Fletcher Lee Hartsell, Jr.

Republican, Cabarrus County

Twenty-Second Senatorial District: Cabarrus
and portions oj Rowan and Stanly counties

Early Years

Born m Concord, Cabarrus Count); on February
15, 1947, to Fletcher L. and Dons Wright
Hartsell, Sr.

Educational Background

Concord High School, 1965; A.B. m Political
Science, Davidson College, 1969; J.D., UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1972.

Professional Background

Attorney, Hartsell, Hartsell & Williams, PA.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1991 -Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Cabarrus County Bar Association; N.C. Council of School Attorneys; National
Association of Veterans" Advocates.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Visitors, UNC-Chapel Hill; Public School Forum; N.C. Economic
Development Board.

Military Service

First Lieutenant, U.S. Army.

Honors and Awards

Order of the Long Leaf Pme; 1997 Outstanding Legislator Avv^ard, N.C. Academy of
Trial Lawyers.

Personal Information

Married, Tana Renee Honevcutt Hartsell. Three children. Member, McGill Avenue
Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Education/Higher Education, Judiciary 1; Ranking Minority Member,
Agriculturc/Environment/Natural Resources, Appropriations on Education/Higher
Education; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Finance, Health Care, Insurance
and Consumer Protection, Redistricting and State and Local Government.

438

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Hamilton C.HortonJr.

Republican, Forsyth County

Twentieth Senatorial District: Portions of
Forsyth County

Early Years

Born m Wmston-Salem on August 6, 1931, to
Hamilton Cowles and Virginia Lee Wiggins
Horton.

Educational Background

R. J. Reynolds High School, Winston-Salem,
1949; A.B. in History, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1953;
L.L.B., UNC-Chapel Hill, 1956; Summer study
at Universite De Grenoble, 1950, and Universtat
Von Salzburg, 1952.

Professional Background

Attorney, Horton, Sloan & Gerber, LLC.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1971-74, 1995-Present; Member, N.C. House of
Representatives, 1969-1970.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; Forsyth County Bar Association (President, 1989-90); 2P'
District Bar Association (President, 1989-90).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Board on State Goals and Policies (Vice-Chair, 1987-92); N.C. Recreational
and Natural Heritage Trust (Chair, 1991-94); N.C. Milk Commission (Chair, 1974).

Military Service

Lieutenant, U.S. Navy, 8th Naval District, 1956-60.

Honors and Awards

Carraway Award, Preservation North Carolina, 1997; Outdoor Recreation
Achievement Award, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1976; New River Award,
Conservation Council of N.C, 1976.

Personal Information

Married to Evelyn Hanes Moore Horton. One child. Member, Calvary Moravian Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources; Ranking Minority Member,
Appropriations on Natural and Economic Resources, Information Technology;
Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Education/Higher Education, Judiciary I,
Rules and Operations of the Senate, State and Local Government.

439

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

1 -^ "5t^:l

. j

^jJ

■

David William Hoyle

Democrat, Gaston County

Twenty-Fifth Senatorial District: Portions of
Cleveland, Gaston and Lincoln counties

Early Years

Born in Gastonia on February 4, 1939, lo
William Atkin Hoyle and Ethel Brown Hoyle.

Educational Background

Dallas High School, Dallas, N.C., 1957; B.A. m
Business Administration, Lenoir-Rhyne College,
1960.

Professional Background

Real Estate Investor/Developer, DWH
Investments.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1993-Present; Mayor, Town of Dallas, 1967-71; Chair, Gaston
County Democratic Party

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Chair, Board of Directors, Gaston Federal Bank; Board of Directors, the Shaw Group;
Founder/President, Summey Building Systems, Inc.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Board of Transportation, 1977-1984; Past President, Piedmont Educational
Foundation; Former Chair and Member (17 years), Board of Trustees, Lenoir-Rhyne
College.

Honors and Awards

Honorary Doctor of Laws, Lenoir-Rhyiie College, 1983.

Personal Information

Married to Lmda Summey Hoyle. Two children. Three grandchildren. Member,
Holy Communion Lutheran Church, Dallas N.C.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Finance; Vice-Chair, Commerce, Education/Higher Education; Member,
Appropriations/Base Budget, Appropriations on Department ol Transportation,
Information Technology, Insurance and Consumer Protection, Judiciary I,
Redistnctmg, Rules and Operations of the Senate, Transportation, Ways and Means.

440

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

John Hosea Kerr,

Democrat, Wayne County

Eighth Senatorial District: Greene, Wayne and
portions of Lenoir counties

Early Years

Born in Richmond, Virginia, on February 28,
1936, to John H., Jr., and Mary Hinton Duke
Kerr.

Educational Background

John Graham High School, Warrenton, NC,
1954; A.B., University of North Carolina, 1958;
J.D. with Honors, University of North Carolina
School of Law, 1961.

Professional Background

Attorney, Partner m Warren, Kerr, Walston, Taylor
and Smith, LLP.

Political Activities

N.C. Senate, 1993-Present; N.C. House of Representatives, 1987-92; Past Chair,
Wayne County Democratic Executive Committee, 1980-85; Precinct Chair; Past
President, Wayne County Young Democrats.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Goldsboro Rotary Club; Wayne County Chamber of Commerce; N.C. Bar
Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

BB&T Advisory Board; Past Chair, Wayne County Chapter, American Red Cross;
Past Chair, Morehead Foundation, District II Committee.

Military Service

Sergeant, N.C. National Guard, 1954-62.

Honors and Awards

Goldsboro Charter Chapter American Business Women, Boss of the Year, 1978;
Jaycee Key Man Award; Phi Beta Kappa.

Personal Information

Married to Sandra Edgerton Kerr. Two children. Member, Madison Avenue Baptist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Fmance; Vice-Chair, Ways and Means; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Appropriations on Health and Human Resources, Children and Human Resources,
Commerce, Finance, Judiciary 11, Redistricting and Rural Development.

441

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Eleanor Gates Kinnaird

Democrat, Orange County

Sixteenth Senatorial District: Chatham, Moore,
Orange and Portions of Lee and Randolph
counties

Early Years

Born November 14, 1931, m Rochester,
Minnesota, to Judge Vernon and Madge Pollock
Gates.

Educational Background

Rochester High School, Rochester, Mmnesota,
1949; B.A. in English and Music, Carleton
College, 1953; M.M. m Music, UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1973; J. D., N.C. Central University School
of Law, 1992.

Professional Background

Attorney, N.C. Prisoner Legal Services, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Mayor, Town of Carrboro, 1987-95.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Comnninity Service Organizations

N.C. Association of Women Attorneys; N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; N.C. Bar
Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Governors Advocacy Council on Children and Youth; Environmental Review
Commission; Summit House;.

Honors and Awards

2001 Public Official Award, National Coalition Against the Death Penalty; 2001
Achievement Award, N.C. Solar Energy Association; 2001 Friend of Education
Award, Chapel Hill/Carrboro Association of Educators.

Personal Information

Three children. Two grandchildren. Member, Chapel of the Cross Episcopal Church,
Chapel Hill.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Children & Human Resources; Vice-Chair, Pensions & Retirement and Aging;
Member, Agnculture/Environment/Natural Resources, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Appropriations on General Government, Judiciaiy 11, Rules and Operations of the
Senate and Rural Development.

442

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

'■'^'?-

Ik k'haB^M

1 X

Howard N.Lee

Democrat, Orange County

Sixteenth Senatorial District: Chatham, Moore,
Orange and Portions of Lee and Randolph
counties

Early Years

Born July 28, 1934, in Georgia to Howard and
Lou Tempie Barnes Lee.

Educational Background

B.A. m Sociology, Fort Valley State College,
Georgia, 1959; M.S.W, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1966.

Professional Background

President, Lee Enterprises, Inc., 1985-Present;
President, Custom Holders, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1990-94 and 1997-Present; Mayor, Chapel Hill, 1969-75.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Chapel Hill Chamber of Commerce; Chapel Hill Rotary Club; National Association
of Social Workers.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Durham-Chapel Hill Centura Bank; Board of Directors and
Executive Committee, Southern Regional Education Board; Board of Directors,
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.

Military Service

U.S. Army, 1959-61; Psychiatric Social Worker with Mental Health Clinic at Fort
Hood, Texas, and Company Clerk at Camp Casey, Korea; Two years active reserve
with honorable discharge in 1963.

Honors and Awards

1999 Distinguished Alumnus Award, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hills
Faculty and Trustees Award; 1999 Distinguished Service Medal, Alumni Association,
UNC-Chapel Hill; 1999 Razor Walker Award, University of North Carolina-Wilmington.

Personal

Married to Lillian Wesley Lee; Three children. Two grandchildren. Member, Olin T.
Binkley Memorial Baptist Church, Chapel Hill.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations/Base Budget; Vice-Chair, Commerce, Education/Higher
Education, Transportation; Member, Finance, Information Technology, Judiciary
11, Redistricting and Ways and Means.

443

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Jeanne Hopkins Lucas

Democrat, Durham County

Thirteenth Senatorial District: Durham,
Granville and Portions of Person and Wake ■
counties

Early Years

Born m Durham, Durham County, on December
25, 1935, to Robert and Bertha Hohiian
Hopkins.

Educational Background

Hillside High School, Durham, 1953; B.A., N.C.
Central University, 1957; M.A., N.C. Central
University, 1977.

Professional Background

Educator; Director (retired), School-Community Relations, Durham Public Schools,
1992-93; Director, Personnel/Staff Development, Durham City Schools, 1991-92;
Director, Staff Development Center, Durham City Schools, 1977-91; President, N.C.
Association of Classroom Teachers, 1975-76; French and Spanish Classroom
Teacher, Durham City Schools, 1957-75.

Political Activities

Member (First African-American Female in N.C. Senate), N.C. Senate, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc., (Past President); Member, Durham Chapter of
Links, Inc., (Past President); Member, Durham Committee on the Affairs of Black
People.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

UNC Board of Governors; State Health Coordinating Council; Domestic Violence
Commission.

Honors and Awards

Inductee, Legacy of African American Leadership m the North Carolina General
Assembly; Recipient, Luther "Nick" Jeralds Advocacy Award; Certificate of
Appreciation, Commission on Fair Testing.

Personal Information

Married, William "Bill" Lucas. Member, Mount Gilead Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Education/Higher Education, Education/Higher Education;
Vice-Chair, Children & Human Resources, Health Care, Ways and Means; Member,
Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources, Judiciary 1 and Redistricting.

444

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Robert Lafayette Martin

Democrat, Pitt County

Sixth Senatorial District: Portions of
Edgecombe, Martin, Pitt, Washington and
Wilson counties

Early Years

Born in Bethel, Pitt County, on November 8,
1912, to John Wesley and Lena Sessums Martin.

Educational Background

Oxford Orphanage High School, 1929; School
of Electricity, Oxford Orphanage.

Professional Background

Retired Railroad Official, CSX Railroad.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1985-Present; Commissioner, Pitt County, 1956-1985;
Mayor, Town of Bethel, 1951-1956.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past President, Greenville Golden K; Bethel Rotary Club; Shriner; 32nd Degree Mason.

Honors and Awards

Public Service Award, 1995; Man of the Year, N.C. Association, 1982; Bethel Man
of the Year, 1961.

Personal Information

Married to Sue Cooper Martin. Two children. Five grandchildren. Member, Bethel
Missionary Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Natural and Economic Resources; Vice-Chair, Insurance
and Consumer Protection; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Redistricting, Rules
and Operations of the Senate, Transportation, Ways and Means.

445

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William Nelson Martin

Democrat, Guilford County

Thirty-First Senatorial District: Portions of Guilford
County

Early Years

Born in Eden, Rockingham County, on May 25, 1945,
to Thomas William and Carolyn Henderson Martin.

Educational Background

Douglas High School, Eden, 1962; B.S. m Economics,
N.C. A&T State University, 1966; J.D., George
Washington University School of Law, 1973.

Professional Background

Attornev at law.

Political Acti\it\es

Member, N.C. Senate, 1983-Present.

BusinesslProfcssional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, 1965-Present; Council of Churches of Greater Bridgeport
(Co-Chair, Social Concerns Committee), 1967-69; Congress of Racial Equality,
1967-73 (Chair, Bridgeport CT Chapter, 1968-69.

Boards and Commissions

City of Greensboro Housing Commission, 1979-82; N.C. Historic Sites Advisory
Committee, 1985-86; UNC Public Television Black Issues Eorum Program Advisory
Committee, 1988-93.

Personal Information

Married, Patricia Yancey Martin. Two children. Member, Providence Baptist Church,
Greensboro.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Health and Human Resources; Vice-Chair, Children &
Human Resources, Health Care, Redistricting; Member, Agriculture/Environment/
Natural Resources, Appropriations/Base Budget, Education/Higher Education,
Judiciary II.

446

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Stephen Michael Metcalf

Democrat, Buncombe

Twenty-eighth Senatorial District: Buncombe,
Burke, Madison, McDowell and Yancey coun-
ties

Early Years

Born m Asheville, Buncombe County, to Edgar
Byrd and Louella Crowder Metcalf.

Educational Background

Enka High School, Enka, N.C., 1968; B.A. m
Political Science, Appalachian State University,
1973; Masters m Public Administration,
University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 1984.

Professional Background

University Administrator, Western Carolina University.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1998-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable /Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board of Trustees, Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, N.C. Infrastructure Council; N.C. Progress Board; N.C. Film Council.

Military Service

E-4, 86''' Combat Support Hospital, U.S. Army, 1976-78.

Honors and Awards

2002 Legislator of the Year, North Carolina Association of Social Workers; 2002
Legislator of the Year, North Carolina WildUfe Federation; 2001 Blue Skies Award,
North Carolina Lung Association.

Personal Information

Married to Donna Ball Metcalf. One child. One grandchild. Baptist.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Redistricting and Rural Developmemt; Vice-Chair, Rules and Operations of
the Senate; Member, Appropriations on Natural and Economic Resources,
Appropriations/Base Budget, Commerce, Finance, Insurance and Consumer
Protection, Judiciary I.

447

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Brad Miller

Democrat, Wake County

Fourteenth Scnaioyial District: Portions of
Johnston and Wake counties

Early Years

Born in Fayetteville on May 19, 1953, to Nathan
Da\id Miller and Martha Hale Miller.

Education

Terry Sanford High School, Fayetteville, 1971;
B.A. m Political Science, UNC-Chapel Hill,
1975; M.S. in Comparative Government,
London School of Economics, 1978; J.D.,
Columbia University School of Law, 1979.

Professional Background

Attorney at law.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Member, N.C. House, 1993-94.

Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; Wake County Bar Association.

Personal Injormation

Married, Esther Hall. Member, Church of the Good Shepherd Episcopal.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Redistricting; Vice-Chair, Judiciary 11, State and Local Government; Member,
Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources, Appropriations on Information
Technology, Appropriations/Base Budget, Finance, Health Care, Insurance and
Consumer Protection.

448

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Kenneth Ray Moore

Republican, Caldwell County

Twenty-Seventh Senatorial District: Alexander,
Avery, Caldwell, Mitchell, Wilkes, Yadkin and
Portions of Burke counties

Early Years

Born July 17, 1948, in Lenoir, Caldwell County,
to S. Ray and Ruth Clay Moore.

Educational Background

Gamewell/Collettsville High School, Lenoir,
1966; B.S. in Business Administration, UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1970.

Professional Background

Owner and President, Mulberry Group, Inc.; Co-Owner and President, Mulberry
HR, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Chair, 10th Congressional District Republican
Party; Caldwell County Commissioner, 1980-84.

Military Service

SP-4, 540th Transportation Battalion, N.C. Army National Guard; 1970-76.

Personal Information

Married to Charlene Andrews Moore. One child. Member, First United Methodist
Church, Lenoir.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, Pensions & Retirement and Aging; Member,
Appropriations on Health and Human Services, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Children and Human Resources, Commerce, Finance, Health Care, Judiciar}' 11 and
Redistricting.

449

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Thomas LaFontine Odom,Sr.

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Thiyty-jourth Senatorial District: Portions of
Lincoln and Mecklenburg counties

Early Years

Born in Rocky Mount on April 18, 1938.

Educational Background

West Mecklenburg High School, 1956; attended
Charlotte College, 1957; B.A., UNC-Chapel Hill,
1960; L.L.B./J.D., School of Law, UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1962.

Professional Background

Attorney, of counsel to the Odom Firm, L.L.C.;
Assistant City Attorney, Charlotte, 1963-64;
Research Assistant, N.C. Supreme Court, 1962-
63.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1989-Present; Mecklenburg Board of County Commissioners,
1980-1986 (Chair, 1982-84; Vice-Chair, 1980-82).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American and North Carolina Bar Associations; N.C. State Bar; N.C. Academy of
Trial Lawyers.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Commissioners, Carolinas HealthCare Systems, 1987-Present; Board of
Visitors, UNC-Charlotte; Board of Visitors, Johnson C. Smith University

Honors and Awards

2000 Legislator of the Year, Sirerra Club; 2000 Spirit Award, Mint Museum of Art;
American Red Cross Certihcate ot Merit.

Personal Information

Married, Carmen Hooker Odom. Four children. Member, Pleasant Hill Presbyterian
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations/Base Budget; Vice-Chair, Judiciary 11; Member, Agriculture/
Environment/Natural Resources, Pensions & Retirement and Aging, Redistricting,
Transportation and Ways and Means.

450

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Aaron Wesley Plyler

Democrat, Union County

Seventeenth Senatorial District: Anson,
Montgomery, Richmond, Scotland, Union and
Portions of Hoke and Stanly counties

Early Years

Born m Monroe, Union County, October 1,
1926, to Isom Franklin and Ida Foard Plyler.

Educational Background

Attended Benton Heights School, Monroe, N.C.;
Florida Military Academy

Professional Background

President and Owner, Plyler Paving and Grading,
Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1982-Present; Member, N.C. House, 1974-82.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member and Past President, Wingate College Patron Club; Member and Past
President, Monroe-Union County Chamber of Commerce; National Federation
Independent Business.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chan; Advisory Budget Commission; North Carolina Economic Development Board;
Prevent Blindness.

Honors and Awards

1993 600 Award, Charlotte Motor Speedway; 1993 Outstanding Recognition,
American Cancer Society; 1994 Honorary Doctorate of Humanities, Pfeiffer College.

Personal Information

Married, Dorothy Moser Plyler. Five children. Member, Benton Heights Presbyterian
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations/Base Budget; Member, Pensions & Retirement and Aging,
Redistricting, Rules and Operation of the Senate, Transportation, Ways and Means.

451

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William Robert Purcell, MD

Democrat, Scotland County

Seventeenth Senatorial District: Anson,
Montgomery, Richmond, Scotland, Union and
Portions of Hoke and Stanly counties

Early Years

Born February 12, 1931, in Launnburg to
Charles Augustus Purcell and Anna Meta
Buchanan Purcell.

Educational Background

Launnburg High School, 1949; B.S. m Pre-Med,
Davidson College, 1952; M.D., UNC School of
Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1956.

Professional Background

Pediatrician, 1961-97 (retired).

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Mayor, City of Laurinburg, 1987-97.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past Chair, Scotland Memorial Hospital Medical Staff; President, Laurinburg-Scotland
County Area Chamber of Commerce, 1977; Consulting Associate, Department of
Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, 1986-97.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Board of Trustees, St. Andrews Presbyterian College, 1999-Present;
Richmond Community College Foundation Board of Directors, 1994-Present; Co-
Chair, North Carolina Study Commission on Aging, 2000-Present.

Honors and Awards

David Tayloe, Sr., Award m Community Pediatrics, N.C. Chapter, American Academy
of Pediatrics and N.C. Pediatric Societ)', 1995; Distinguished Service Award, UNC
School of Medicine, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1998; Honorary Associate in the Arts,
Richmond Community College, 2000.

Military Service

Captain, 57th Field Hospital, U.S. Amiy Medical Corps, 1957-59; Reserv^es, 1959-61.

Personal Information

Mamed, Kathleen McClellan Purcell. Sbc children. Eleven grandchildren. Presbyterian.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Health Care; Vice-Chair, Children & Human Resources; Member, Appropriations/
Base Budget, Appropriations on Health and Human Resources, Commerce, Education/
Higher Education, Finance, Insurance & Consumer Protection.

452

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Eric Miller Reeves

Democrat, Wake County

Fourteenth Senatorial District: Portions of
Johnston and Wake counties

Early Years

Bom October 18, 1963, in Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, to
Stuart and Jennie Miller Reeves.

Educational Background

B.A., Duke University, 1986; J.D., Wake Forest
University, 1989.

Professional Background

Attorney, Law Office of Eric Reeves.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Member,
Raleigh City Council, 1993-96.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Advisory Panel, Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Capital Planning Commission; Government Operations Transportation
Oversight Subcommittee.

Honors and Awards

1999 Distinguished Leader of the Year, Leadership Raleigh, Raleigh Chamber of
Commerce; 1999 PubUc Leadership m Technology Award, NCEITA.

Personal

Married, Mary Morgan Reeves. One child. First Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on Information Technology, Information Technology; Vice-
Chair, Insurance and Consumer Protection; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Commerce, Finance.

453

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

McDaniel "Dan" Robinson

Democrat, Jackson County

Twenty-ninth Senatorial District: Portions of
Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Swain and
Transylvania counties

Early Years

Born in Marion, McDowell County, on July 17,
1926, to W Lafayette and Bertha Jarrett Robinson.

Educational Background

Marion High School, 1943; B.S. m Education, Western Carolina University, 1950;
M.A. m Administration, George Peabody University, 1951.

Professional Background

Retired Professor and Football Coach, Western Carolina University.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1998-Present; Chair, Jackson County Board of County
Commissioners, 1996-98.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Sei-vice Organizations

Board Member, Western North Carolina Tomorrow; N.C. Education Association;
Chair, Advisory Committee, N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission, 1977-78.

Boards and Commissions

N.C. Wildhfe Resources Commission, 1978-84; N.C. Natural Heritage Commission.

Military Sei-yice

Gunners Mate 2^C, United States Navy Amphibious Forces, European Theatre
(Normandy Invasion - D-Day), 1943-46; N.C. National Guard, 1953-56; U.S.
Army Resei^es, Discharged as U' Lieutenant, 1956-57.

Honors and Awards

Western Carolina University Athletic Hall of Fame, 1989; 1994 Chair, Western N.C.
Vance Avcock Gala; Conference and Distnct Football Coach of the Year, 1959 and 1966.

Personal

Married, Jean Williams Robinson. Three children. Three grandchildren. Sylva First
Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, State and Local Go\'ernment; Vice-Chair, Agriculture/Environment/Natural
Resources; Member, Appropriations on Department of Transportation, Appropriations/
Base Budget, Education/Higher Education, Health Care, Judiciary Hand Redistncting.

454

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Robert Anthony Rucho

Republican, Mecklenburg County

Thirty-Fifth Senatorial District: Portions of
Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Born Dec. 8, 1948, in Worcester, Massachusetts,
to Thomas and Ernestine Tanca Rucho.

Educational Background

South High School, Worcester, Massachusetts;
B.A. in Biology, Northeastern University; D.D.S,
MCV VCU School of Dentistry; Cert.
Prosthodontics, Boston University; M.B.A., Belk
College of Business, UNC-Charlotte.

Professional Background

Dentist, Speciality Prosthodontist.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Former Member, Mecklenburg County
Commission; Former Member, Matthevv^s Town Board.

Personal Information

Married, Theresa Fritscher Rucho. Two children. Member, Holy Trinity Greek
Orthodox Cathedral.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, Health Care; Member, Appropriations on Department
of Transportation, Appropriations/Base Budget, Commerce, Education/Higher
Education, Finance, Judiciary II, Rules and Operations of the Senate, Transportation.

455

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Larry Shaw

Democrat, Cumberland County

Forty-First Senatorial District: Portions of
Cumberland County

Early Years

Bora July 15, 1949, m High Point, Guilford
Countv, to Dorffus and Odessa Shaw.

Educational Background

WiUiam Penn High School, High Point, 1967;
B.S., Alabama State University, 1972; Masters of
Education, Alabama State University, 1974.

Professional Background

President and Chairman, Shaw Food Services
Company, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Member, N.C. House, 1995-96.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Association of Minority Contractors; N.C. Association of Minority
Businesses; National Business League, Fayetteville Chapter.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Cumberland County Finance Authority Board; N.C. Small Business Advocacy
Council; N.C. Capitol Building Authority

Honors and Awards

Honorary Doctor of Human Letters, Rock Hill College, 1984; Larry and Evelym
Shaw Day declared m North Carolma by Gov. Hunt; Order of the Long Leaf Pme.

Personal Information

Married, Evelyn Oliver Shaw. Two children.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Transportation; Vice-Chair, Appropriations on Department of Transportation;
Member, Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Finance, Redistricting and Transportation.

456

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Robert G.Shaw

Republican, Guilford County

Nineteenth Senatorial District: Portions of
Davidson, Guilford and Randolph counties

Early Years

Born m Erwin, Harnett County, November 22,
1924, to R.G.B. and Annie Byrd Shaw.

Educational Background

Campbell College; UNC-Chapel Hill.

Professional Background

Restaurateur.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1985-Present; County Commissioner, Guilford County,
1968-76 (former Chair).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, N.C. Council on Community and Economic Development, 1975-77;
Member, Natural and Economic Resources Board, 1975-77; Member, N.C. Advisory
Budget Committee.

Military Service

U.S. Army Air Corps, 1943-46.

Personal Information

Married to Linda Owens Shaw. Two children. Six grandchildren. Member, Westover
Church, Greensboro.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Finance; Ranking Minority Member, Judiciary II; Member, Commerce,
Insurance and Consumer Protection, Pensions & Retirement and Aging,
Transportation.

457

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Robert Charles Soles, Jr.

Democrat, Columbus County

Eighteenth Senatorial District: Brunswick,
Cohimbus and Portions of Bladen and New
Hanover counties

Early Years

Born m Tabor Qly, December 17, 1934, to Robert
C. and Myrtle Norris Soles.

Educational Background

Tabor City High School, 1952; B.S. m Science and
English, Wake Forest University 1956; J.D., UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1959.

Professional Background

Attorney, Soles, Phip}3s, Ray & Prince.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1977-Present. N.C. House of Representatives, 1969-77.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American and N.C. Bar Associations; American Trial Lawyers Association; N.C.
Association of County Attorneys.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former President, Southeastern Community College Foundation; Southern Growth
Policies Board; Former Trustee, UNC-Wilmington.

Military Service

Captain, U.S. Army Reserve, 1957-67.

Personal Information

Member, Tabor City Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Commerce; Vice-Chair, Finance, hisurance and Consumer Protection,
Judiciary 1; Member, Information Technology Redistricting, Rules and Operations
of the Senate, State and Local Government.

458

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Albin B."A.B."SwindellJV

Democrat, Nash County

Tenth Senatorial District: Nash and Portions of
Edgecombe, Halifax and Wilson counties

Early Years

Born m Lumberton, Robeson County, on October
14, 1945, to Russell and Martha Easterling Swindell.

Educational Background

Gary High School, 1964; Heavy Equipment Operator
Training, Wilson Technical Community College,
1965; A. A., Sandhills Community College, 1970;
Vocational Education Teacher Certification, N.C. State
University, 1971.

Professional Background

Self-employed business consultant.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 2001-Present. Member, Oxford City Council, 1981-85.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Vice-Chair, Nash Community College Trustees; Board of Directors, Operation
Lifesaver NC; Board of Directors, Connect, Inc.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Progress Board; Council for the Hard of Hearing and the Deaf; Commission
on Aging.

Military Service

Private, U.S. Army, Honorably Discharged, 1967.

Personal Information

Married, Carolyn Ludlum Swindell. Three children. Member, Nashville Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Rural Development; Member, Appropriations on Natural and Economic
Resources, Appropriations/Base Budget, Commerce, Education/Higher Education,
Finance, Rules and Operations of the Senate, Transportation and Ways and Means.

459

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Scott E. Thomas

Democrat, Craven County

Third Senatorial District: Craven, Pamlico and
Portions of Carteret counties

Early Years

Born m New Bern, Craven County, on July 19, 1966,
to Joseph E. and Lmda Morris Thomas.

Educational Background

West Craven High School, Vanceboro, 1984; B.S. m
Political Science, East Carolina University, 1988; J. D.,
N.C. Central University School of Law, 1992.

Professional Background

Attorney, Chesnutt, Clemmons, Thomas and Peacock.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 2001-Present. Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1999-
2001; Assistant District Attorney

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Chamber of Commerce; Masonic Lodge; Past President, Vanceboro Volunteer Fire
Department.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Small Business Council. 1998-99.

Personal Information

Married, Sherri Nicols Thomas. Two children. Member, Holiness Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Judiciary II; Member, Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources,
Appropriations on Justice and Public Safety, Appropriations/Base Budget, Education/
Higher Education, Insurance and Consumer Protection, Redistrictmg, Rural
Development and Transportation.

460

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Ed Nelson Warren

Democrat, Pitt County

Ninth Senatorial District: Portions of Beaufort,
Lenoir, Martin and Pitt counties

Early Years

Born m Stokes, Pitt County, November 26,
1929, to Elmer Edward and Daisy Cox Warren.

Educational Background

Stokes High School; A. A., Campbell University;
A.B. in Science, Barton College; M.A. in
Administration, East Carolina University;
Doctoral Program, Duke University

Professional Background

Investor; Real Estate, Warren and Associates.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1991-Present; Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1981-
90; Former Chair, Pitt County Board of County Commissioners.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Greenville Rotary Club (Paul Harris Fellow); Board of Directors, Greenville Country
Club; Board of Directors, Greenville Chamber of Commerce.

Boards and Commissions

Former Chair, Pitt County Health Board; Pitt County Airport Authority; Board of
Directors, Branch Banking & Trust Company

Military Service

United States Air Force.

Honors and Awards

Building named Joan and Ed Warren Student Center, Pitt Community College; Pitt
County Citizen of the Year Award, 1987; East Carolina University Alumni of the
Year Award.

Personal Information

Married, Joan Braswell Warren. Member, First Christian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations on General Government; Vice-Chair, Commerce, Education/
Higher Education; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget, Children and Human
Resources, Health Care, Redistricting and Ways and Means.

461

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

1^1

Hugh B.Webster

Republican, Caswell County

Twenty -First Senatorial District: Alamance,
Caswell and Portions of Person counties

Early Years

Born in Caswell County, August 6, 1943, to
LeGrand and Kathleen Hicks Webster.

Educational Background

Bartlett Yancey High School, Yance)^!!^, 1961;
N.C. State University, 1962-63; B.S. m Business,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1968, Specialization m
Accounting, 1969; Tax Specialist Course,
University of lUmois-Champaign, 1970.

Professional Background

CPA, Hugh B. Webster, PA.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

AlCPA; NATP; Puritan CPast President).

Personal Information

Married, Patricia Ramey Webster. Two children.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, State and Local Government; Member, Agriculture/
Environment/Natural Resources, Finance, hisurance and Consumer Protection,
Judiciary 11 and Ways and Means.

462

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

David Franklin Weinstein

Democrat, Robeson County

Thirtieth Senatorial District: Robeson and Portions
of Bladen, Cumberland, Hoke and Sampson counties

Early Years

Born in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, June 17,
1936, to Max M. and Evelyn Lebo Weinstein.

Educational Background

Lumberton Senior High School, Lumberton, 1954;
Agronomy, N.C. State University, 1958; Business,
University of Alabama, 1959.

Professional Background

Retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Mayor, City of Lumberton, 1987-91.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Rotary Club; Masonic Lodge; Shrine Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Local Board, First Union National Bank, 1990-Present.

Military Service

Captain, 108th Infantry Division, U.S. Army 1959-60; Reserves, 1960-66.

Personal Information

Married, Karen Kulbersh Weinstein. Two children. Two grandchildren. Jewish.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Rural Development; Vice-Chair, Appropriations on Natural and Economic
Resources, Finance; Member, Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources,
Appropriations/Base Budget, Insurance and Consumer Protection, Pensions &
Retirement and Aging, Ways and Means.

463

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Allen Hewitt Wellons

Democrat, Johnston County

Eleventh Senatorial District: Franklin County and
Portions oj Johnston, Vance and Wilson counties

Early Years

Born March 12, 1949, in Smith field, Johnston County,
to Elmer J., Jr., and Ruth Sanders Rose Wellons.

Educational Background

Smithfield High School, 1967; B.A. m Political Science,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1971; J. D., N.C. Central University,
1975.

Professional Background

Attorney/Farm Manager, Wilkms & Wellons.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. Senate, 1996-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; Smithheld-Selma Chamber of Commerce; Greater Triangle
Regional Leadership Council.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

State Personnel Commission; Member, Board of Directors, Children's Hospital,
UNC-Chapel Hill; Former Member, Board of Directors, Food Bank of N.C.

Honors and Awards

1987 Tree Farmer of the Year.

Personal Information

Married, Elizabeth Hobgood Wellons. Three children. Member, St. Pauls Episcopal
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Insurance and Consumer Protection; Vice-Chair, Agriculture/Environment/
Natural Resources, Redistricting; Member, Appropriations/Base Budget,
Appropriations on Education/Higher Education, Children and Human Resources,
Finance, Judiciaiy 11 and Rural Development.

464

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Janet B. Pruitt

Principal Clerk, N.C. Senate

Early Years

Born March 27, 1944, m Nash County to James R. (deceased) and Mane Joyner
(deceased) Bryant.

Educational Background

Spring Hope High School, 1962; Business, East Carohna University, 1962-64.

Professional Background

Principal Clerk, N.C. Senate, 1997-Present; Supervisor of Senate Clerks, 1988-96;
Committee Clerk, 1981-88; Personnel Analyst, Social Services Division, Department
of Human Resources, 1966-73.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Society of Legislative Clerks and Secretaries; Former Member, Business
and Professional Women.

Personal Information

Two children. Member, Holy Trinity Lutheran Church.

465

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Cecil R.Goins

Sergeant at Arms, N.C. Senate

Early Years

Born in Southern Pines in 1926, to T. R. Goins and Marie Barrett Goins. i

Educational Background

West Southern Pmes High, 1944; B.S., Business Administration, N.C. A&T State
University, 1950.

Professional Background

Sergeant at Arms, N. C. Senate; Private Investigator and Owner, Alpha Investigative i
Services; Retired Deputy U.S. Marshal, Inspector and Criminal Investigator, U.S.
Marshals Service (25 years); Assistant Business Manager, Shaw University. I

Political Activities \

Chair, Precinct #20, Raleigh; Pohtical Action Committee, RWCA. ,

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member, National Legislative Services and Security Association; Retired U.S. Marshals [
Association; Life Member, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. '

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Raleigh Civil Ser\'ice Commission; N.C. Private Protective Senice Board; Board of
Directors, Meadowbrook Country Club.

Military Service

Enlisted, 2 years, Far East and Japan; M/Sgt., Europe and Germany; Five years active
duty, 10 years reserve duty (Major).

Personal Information

Married, LaVerne C. Coins. Two children. Member, First Baptist Church.

466

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Michael Wade Morris

chaplain, N.C. Senate

Early Years

Born in High Point, Guilford County, to Albert
Wade and Evel>Ti Faye Burrows Morris.

Educational Background

Wade Hampton, Greenville, S.C.; B.A. in
Religion, Gardner Webb College; Masters of
Divinity, Southeastern Baptist Theological
Seminary.

Professional Background

Associate Pastor, First Baptist Church, Raleigh.

Political Activities

Chaplain, N.C. Senate.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or
Community Service Organizations

Kiwanis Club of High Point; Board, High Point Salvation Army; Habitat for
Humnaity

Personal Information

Married, Noel LeGette. One child. First Baptist Church, Raleigh.

467

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001-2002 N.C Senate Committees

Agriculture/Environment/Natural Resources

Chair: Albertson

Vice-Chairs: GuUey, Horion, Robinson, Wellons

Ranking Minonty Member: Hartsell

Members: Bingham, Clodfelter, Cunningham, Garwood, Harris, Kinnaird, Lucas, William
Martin, Miller, Odom, Lany Shaw, Thomas, Webster, Weinstein

Appropriations/Base Budget

Co-Chairs: Lee, Odom, Plyler

Vice-Chairs: AUran, Forrester, Rand

Members: Albertson, Ballance, Berger, Bingham, Carpenter, Carter, Clodfelter,
Cunningham, Dalton, Foxx, Garrou, Garwood, Gulley, Hagan, Harris, Hartsell,
Horton, Hoyle, Jordan, Kerr, Kinnaird, Lee, Lucas, Robert Martin, William Martin,
Metcalf, Miller, Moore, Purcell, Reeves, Robinson, Rucho, Larry Shaw, Swindell,
Thomas, Warren, Weinstein, Wellons

Appropriations on Department of Transportation

Chair: Gulley

Vice-Chair: Larry Shaw-
Ranking Minonty Member: Carpenter
Members: Berger, Hoyle, Robinson, Rucho

Appropriations on Education/Higher Education

Co-Chairs: Dalton, GaiTou, Lucas

Vice-Chair: Carter

Ranking Minority Member: Hartsell

Members: Cunningham, Garwood, Wellons

Appropriations on General Government

Chair: Warren

Vice-Chair: Harris

Ranking Minonty Member: Allran

Members: Kinnaird

468

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Appropriations on Health and Human Services

Chair: William Martin

Vice-Chair: Dannelly

Ranking Minority Member: Forrester

Members: Kerr, Moore, Purcell

Appropriations on Information Technology

Chair: Reeves

Vice-Chair: Hagan

Ranking Minority Member: Foxx

Members: Miller

Appropriations on Justice and Public Safety

Chair: Jordan

Vice-Chair: Ballance

Ranking Minority Member: Bingham

Members: Clodfelter, Rand, Thomas

Appropriations on Natural and Economic Resources

Chair: Robert Martin

Vice-Chair: Weinstein
Ranking Minonty Member: Horton
I Members: Albertson, Metcalf, Swindell

' Children and Human Resources

'; Chair: Kmnaird

' Vice-Chairs: Dannelly, Lucas, William Martin, Purcell

Ranking Minority Member: Forrester

j_,, Members: Allran, Bingham, East, Foxx, Garrou, Hagan, Hams, Kerr, Moore, Phillips,
Warren, Wellons

Commerce

Chair: Soles

I Vice-Chairs: Ballentine, Hoyle, Lee, Warren

Ranking Minority Member: Carpenter

Members: Ballance, Berger, Carter, Dalton, Forrester, Foxx, Garrou, Hagan, Jordan, Kerr,
Metcalf, Moore, Purcell, Rand, Reeves, Rucho, Robert Shaw, Swindell

469

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Education/Higher Education

Co-Chairs: Carter, Dalton, Lucas

Vice-Chairs: Dannelly, Garrou, Hartsell, Hoyle, Lee, Warren

Ranking Minority Member: Allran

Members: Bingham, Cooper, Cunningham, Forrester, Foxx, Garrou, Garwood, Gulley
Hagan, Horton, Lucas, William Martin, Purcell, Robinson, Rucho, Swindell, Thomas

Finance

Co-Chairs: Hoyle, Kerr

Vice-Chairs: Clodfelter, Robert Shaw, Soles, Weinstein

Ranking Minonty Member: Allran

Members: Albertson, Ballantine, Carrington, Carter, Dalton, Dannelly, Foxx, Garrou,
Gulley Hagan, Harns, Hartsell, Lee, Metcalf, Miller, Moore, Purcell, Rand, Reeves,
Rucho, Larr\^ Shaw, Swindell, Webster, Wellons

Health Care

Chair: Purcell

Vice-Chairs: Lucas, William Martin

Ranking Minority Member: Rucho

Members: Dannelly, Forrester, Garwood, Hartsell, Miller, Moore, Robinson, Warren

Information Technology

Chair: Reeves

Vice-Chairs: Garrou, Rand

Ranking Minority Member: Horton

Members: Allran, Carter, Clodfelter, Foxx, Gulley, Hagan, Hanis, Lee, Soles

Insurance and Consumer Protection

Chair: Wellons

Vice-Chair: Harris, Robert Martin, Reeves, Soles

Ranking Minonty Member: Ballantine

Members: Ballance, Carpenter, Cunningham, East, Forrester, Garrou, Hagan, Hartsell,
Hoyle, Jordan, Metcalf, Miller, Purcell, Rand, Robert Shaw, Thomas, Webster,
Weinstein

470

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Judiciary I

Chair: Clodfelter

Vice-Chairs: Cunningham, Hartsell, Soles

Ranking Minority Member: Carpenter

Members: Albertson, Allran, Ballantine, Berger, Carrington, Carter, Gulley, Horton, Hoyle,
Lucas, Metcalf, Rand, Wellons

Judiciary 11

Chair: Hagan

\'ice-Chairs: Ballance, Dalton, Miller, Odom, Thomas

Ranking Minority Member: Robert Shaw

Members: Bingham, Forrester, Horton, Kerr, Kinnaird, Lee, William Martin, Moore,
Robinson, Rucho, Webster

Pensions & Retirement and Aging

Chair: Hams

Vice-Chair: Kinnaird

Ranking Minority Member: Moore

Members: Albertson, Berger, Carpenter, Clodfelter, Jordan, Odom, Plyler, Robert Shaw,
Weinstein

; Redistricting

Co-Chairs: Ballance, Metcalf, Miller

Vice-Chairs: Hagan, William Martin, Wellons

Ranking Minority Member: Ballantine

Members: Albertson, Camngton, Clodfelter, Dannelly Forrester, Foxx, Gulley, Harris,
Hartsell, Hoyle, Jordan, Kerr, Lee, Lucas, Martin, Moore, Odom, Plyler, Rand,
Robinson, Larr)^ Shaw, Soles, Thomas, Warren

Rules and Operations of the Senate

Chair: Rand

Vice-Chairs: Carrington, Gulley, Metcalf

Ranking Minority Member: Forrester

Members: Albertson, Dalton, Horton, Hoyle, Jordan, Kinnaird, Robert Martin, Metcalf,
Plyler, Rucho, Soles, Swindell

Rural Development

Co-Chairs: Metcalf, Weinstein

471

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Vice-Chairs: Albertson, Ballance, Swindell

Ranking Mmoniy Member: Berger

Members: Bmgham, Carpenter, Carter, Cunnmgham, Dalton, Harris, Jordan, Kerr,
Kinnaird, Martin, Thomas, Wellons

State and Local Government

Chair: Robinson

Vice-Chairs: Jordan, Miller

Ranking Mmonty Member: Webster

Members: Albertson, Ballance, Clodfelter, Garwood, Hartsell, Horton, Soles

Transportation

Chair: Larry Shaw

Vice-Chairs: Carpenter, Gulley, Lee

Ranking Mmonty Member: Garwood

Members: Berger, Carrington, Carter, Cunningham, Garrou, Harris, Hartsell, Hoyle,
Robert Martin, Odom, Plyler, Rand, Rucho, Robert Shaw, Swindell, Thomas

Ways and Means

Chair: Dannelly

Vice-Chairs: Kerr, Lucas

Ranking Minority Member: Allran

Members: Albertson, Ballance, Ballantine, Berger, Carrington, East, Hoyle, Lee, Robert
Martin, Odom, Plyler, Robinson, Swindell, Warren, Webster, Weinstein

472

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

2001 N.C. House of Representatives

officers

Speaker

Special Assistant to the Speaker

Speaker Pro Tempore

Majority Leader

Minority Leader

Majority Whips

Minority Whip

Joint Caucus Leader

Principal Clerk

Reading Clerk

Sergeant at Arms

Representatives

Name

Adams, Alma S. (D)
Alexander, Martha B. (D)
Allen, Gordon P (D)
Allred, Cary D. (R)
Arnold, Gene G. (R)

' Baddour, Philip A., Jr. (D)

, Baker, Rex L. (R)

jBarbee, Bobby H., Sr. (R)

; Barefoot, Daniel W. (D)

J Earnhardt, Jeffrey L. (R)

i Bell, Larry M.(D)

i Black, James B. (D)

I Blue, Daniel T., Jr. (D)

' Blust, John M. (R)
Bonner, Donald A. (D)
Bowie, Joanne W (R)
Boyd-Mclntyre, Flossie (D)
Braswell, Jerry (D) (Resigned)

liBridgeman, John D. (D)
Brown, John W (R)

iBrubaker, Harold J. (R)

I Buchanan, Charles ¥. (R)
Capps, J. Russell (R)
Carpenter, Margaret M. (R)
Church, Walter G., Sr. (D)

: Clary Debbie A. (R)

James B. Black

W Pete Cunningham

Joe Hackney

Phihp Baddour

Leo Daughtry

Andrew T. Dedmon, Beverly Earle

Frank Mitchell

Senator Ken Moore

Denise Weeks

Robert R. Samuels

District

26th

56th

22nd

25th

72nd

11th

40th

82nd

44th

81st

87th

36th

21st

27th

87th

29th

28th

97th

76th

41st

38th

46th

92nd

52nd

47th

48th

County

Guilford

Mecklenburg

Person

Alamance

Nash

Wayne

Stokes

Stanly

Lincoln

Cabarrus

Sampson

Mecklenburg

Wake

Guilford

Robeson

Guilford

Wayne

Gaston

Wilkes

Randolph

Mitchell

Wake

Haywood

Burke

Cleveland

Address

Greensboro

Charlotte

Roxboro

Burlington

Rocky Mount

Goldsboro

King

Locust

Lincolnton

Concord

Clinton

Matthews

Raleigh

Greensboro

Rowland

Greensboro

Jamestown

Goldsboro

Gastonia

Elkin

Asheboro

Green Mountain

Raleigh

Waynesville

Valdese

Cherryville

473

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Representatives (continued)

Name

Coats, Lorene T. (D)
Cole, E. Nelson (D)
Cox, A. Leslie, Jr. (D)
Crawford, James W, Jr. (D)
Crawford, Mark ¥. (R)
Creech, Billy J. (R)
Culp, Arlie E (R)
Culpepper, William T., Ill (D)
Cunningham, W. Pete (D)
Daughtry, N. Leo (R)
Davis, Donald Spencer (R)
Decker, Michael P. (R)
Dedmon, Andrew Thomas (D)
Dockham, Jerry C. (R)
Earle, Beverly M. (D)
Easterlmg, Ruth M. (D)
Eddms, Rick L. (R)
Edwards, Zeno L., Jr. (D)
Ellis, J. Samuel (R)
Esposito, Theresa H. (R)
Fitch, Milton F, Jr. (D)
Ford, Jimmie E. CD)
Fox, Stanley H. (D)
Gibson, Piyor A., Ill (D)
Gillespie, Mitch (R)
Goodwin, G. Wa}Tie (D)
Grady W Robert (R)
Gray, Lyons CR)
GuUey Jim (R)
Hackney, Joe (D)
Haire, R. Phillip (D)
Hall, John D. (D)
Harrington, Michael (R)
Hensley, Robert J., Jr. (D)
Hiatt, William S. (R)
Hill, Dewey L. (D)
Hilton, Mark (R)
Holliman, L. Hugh (D)
Holmes, George M. (R)

Disinct

County

Address

35th

Rowan

Salisbury

25th

Rockingham

Reidsville

19th

Lee

Sanford

22nd

Granville

Oxford

51st

Buncombe

Black Mountain

20th

Johnston

Clayton

30th

Randolph

Ramseur

86th

Chowan

Edenton

59th

Mecklenburg

Charlotte

95th

Johnston

Smithfield

19th

Harnett

Erwin

84th

Forsyth

Walkertown

48th

Cleveland

Earl

94th

Davidson

Denton

60th

Mecklenburg

Charlotte i

58th

Mecklenburg

Charlotte

65th

Wake

Raleigh

2nd

Beaufort

Washington

15th

Wake

Raleigh

88th

Forsyth

Winston-Salem

70th

Wilson

97th

Wayne

Goldsboro

78th

Granville

Oxford

33rd

Montgomery

Trov

49th

McDowell

Marion

32nd

Richmond

Rockingham

80th

Onslow

Jacksonville

39th

Forsyth

Wmston-Salem

69th

Mecklenburg

Matthews

24th

Orange

Chapel Hill

52nd

Jackson

Sylva

7th

Halifax

Scotland Neck

76th

Gaston

Gastonia

64th

Wake

Raleigh

40th

Surry

Mount Airy

14th

Columbus

Whiteville

45 th

Catawba

Conover 1

37th

Davidson

Lexington 1

41st

Yadkin

Hamptonville J

474

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Representathes (continued)

Name

District

County

Address

Howard, Julia C. (R)

74th

Davie

Mocksville

Hunter, Howard J., Jr. (D)

5th

Northampton

Murfreesboro

Hurley, John W (D)

18th

Cumberland

Fayetteville

Insko, Verla C. (D)

24th

Orange

Chapel Hill

jarrell, Mary L. (D)

89th

Guilford

High Point

Jeffus, Margaret M. (D)

89th

Guilford

Greensboro

Johnson, Linda R. (R)

90th

Cabarrus

Kannapolis

Justus, Larry T. (R)

50th

Henderson

Hendersonville

Kiser, Joe L. (R)

45th

Lincoln

Vale

Lucas, Marvin W (D)

17th

Cumberland

Spring 1 ake

Luebke, Paul (D)

23rd

Durham

McAllister, Mary E. (D)

17th

Cumberland

Fayetteville

McComas, Daniel E (R)

13th

New Hanover

Wilmington

McCombs, W Eugene (R)

83rd

Rowan

Faith

McLawhom, Marian N. (D)

9th

Pitt

Grifton

McMahan, W. Edwin (R)

55th

Mecklenburg

Charlotte

Michaux, Henry M., Jr. (D)

23rd

Durham

Miller, Paul (D)

23rd

Durham

Miner, David (R)

62nd

Wake

Gary

Mitchell, W Franklin (R)

42nd

Iredell

Olm

Morgan, Richard T. (R)

31st

Moore

Pinehurst

Morris, Amelia A.H. (R)

18th

Cumberland

Fayetteville

Nesbitt, Martin L., Jr. (D)

51st

Buncombe

Asheville

Nye, Edd (D)

96th

Bladen

Elizabethtown

Oldham, Warren Claude (D)

67th

Forsyth

Winston-Salem

Owens, William C, Jr. (D)

1st

Pasquotank

Elizabeth City

Pope, Art (R)

61st

Wake

Raleigh

Preston, Jean Rouse (R)

4th

Carteret

Emerald Isle

Ramsey, Liston B. (D)

52nd

Madison

Marshall

Rayfield, John M. (R)

93rd

Gaston

Belmont

Redwine, E. David (D)

14th

Brunswick

Shallotte

Rogers, Richard Eugene (D)

6th

Martin

WiUiamston

Russell, Carolyn B. (R)

77th

Wayne

Goldsboro

Saunders, Drew P (D)

54th

Mecklenburg

Huntersville

Setzer, Mitchell S. (R)

43rd

Catawba

Sexton, Paul W, Sr. (R)

73rd

Rockingham

Stoneville

Sherrill, Wilma M. (R)

51st

Buncombe

Asheville

Shubert, Fern

34th

Union

Marshville

Smith, Ronald L. (D)

4th

Carteret

Newport

475

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Representatives (continued)

Name

Starnes, Edgar V (R)
Sutlon, Ronnie N. (D)
league. Worthy B., Jr. (R)
Thompson, Gregory J. (R)
Tolson, Joe R (D)
Tucker, Russell E. (D)
Underhill, Alice G. (D)
Wainwright, William L. CD)
Walend, Trudi (R)
Walker, R. Tracy (R)
Warner, Edward Alexander (D)
Warren, Edith D. (D)
Warwick, Nurham O. (D)
Weatherly John H. (R)
Weiss, Jennifer (D)
West, Roger (R)
Willmgham, Shelly (D)
Wilson, Gonstance K. (R)
Wilson, W Eugene (R)
Womble, Larry W (D)
Wright, Thomas E. (D)
Yongue, Douglas Y. (D)

Distvict

County

Address

91st

Galdwell

Granite Falls

85th

Robeson

Pembroke

25th

Alamance

Liberty

46th

Mitchell

Spruce Pme

71st

Edgecombe

Pinetops

10th

Duplm

Pink Hill

3rd

Graven

New Bern

79th

Graven

Havelock

68th

Transylvania

Brevard

41st

Wilkes

Wilkesboro

75th

Gumberland

Hope Mills

8th

Pitt

Farmville

12th

Sampson

Glmton

48th

Gleveland

King's Mounram

63rd

Wake

Gary

53rd

Gherokee

Marble

70th

Edgecombe

Rocky Mount

57th

Mecklenburg

Gharlotte

40th

Watauga

Boone

66th

Forsyth

Winston-Salem

98th

New Hanover

Wilmington

16th

Scotland

Laurinburg

476

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

N.C Speakers of the House

Speakers of the House

of Burgesses (Lt

jwer House of the Colonial Asi

iembly

Representative

County

Assembly

George Catchmaid

Albemarle

1666

\alentine Bird

Pasquotank

1672

Valentine Bird

Pasquotank

1673

Thomas Eastchurch

Unknown

1675

Thomas Cullen

Chowan

1677

George Durant

Currituck

1679

John Nixon

Chowan

1689

John Porter

Bath

1697-98

Wilham Wilkison

Chowan

1703

Thomas Boyd

Unknown

1707

Edward Mosely

Chowan

1708

Richard Sanderson

Currituck

1709

William Swann

Currituck

1711

Thomas Snoden

Perquimans

1711-12

Edward Moseley

Chowan

1715-16

Edward Moseley

Chowan

1720

Edward Moseley

Chowan

1722

Edward Moseley

Chowan

1723

Maurice Moore

Perquimans

1725-26

lohn Baptista Ashe

Beaufort

1725-26

lohn Baptista Ashe

Beaufort

1727

Thomas Swann

Pasquotank

1729

Edward Moseley

Chowan

1731

Edward Moseley

Chowan

1733

■Edward Moseley

Chowan

1734

ivVilliam Downing

Tyrrell

1735

William Downing

Tyrrell

1736-37

vVilliam Downing

Tyrrell

1738-39

ohn Hodgson

Chowan

1739-40

ohn Hodgson

Chowan

1741

Samuel Swann

Onslow

1742-44

Samuel Swann

Onslow

1744-45

^amuel Swann

Onslow

1746

^amuel Swann

Onslow

1746-52

:5amuel Swann

Onslow

1753-54

ohn Campbell

Bertie

1754-60

5amuel Swann

Onslow

1754-60

|amuel Swann

Onslow

1760

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Specdiers of the House

of Burgesses (Lower House of th

Rcpn'senlativc

County

Assembly

Samuel Swann

Onslow

1761

Samuel Swann

Onslow

1762

John Ashe

New Hanover

1762

John Ashe

New Hanover

1764-65

John Harv'ey

Perquimans

1766-68

John Har\'ey

Perquimans

1769

Richard Caswell

Craven

1770-71

John Harvey

Perquimans

1773

John Harvey

Perquimans

1773-74

John Hawey

Perquimans

1775

House of Commons

Representative

County

Assembly

Abner Nash

Craven

1777

John Williams

Granville

1778

Thomas Benbury

Chowan

1778

Thomas Benbury

Chowan

1779

Thomas Benbury

Chowan

1780

Thomas Benbury

Chowan

1781

Thomas Benbury

Chowan

1782

Edward Starkey

Onslow-

1783

Thomas Benbury

Chowan

1784 CApril)

William Blount

Craven

1784 (October)

Richard Dobbs Spaight

Craven

1785

John B. Ashe

Hahfax

1786-87

John Sitgreaves

Craven

1787

John Sitgreaves

Craven

1788

Stephen Cabarrus

Chowan

1789

Stephen Cabarrus

Chowan

1790

Stephen Cabarrus

Chowan

1791-92

Stephen Cabarrus

Chowan

1792-93

John Leigh

Edgecombe

1793-94

Timothy Bloodworth

New Hanover

1794-95

John Leigh

Edgecombe

1795

John Leigh

Edgecombe

1796

Musendine Matthews

Iredell

1797

Musendme Matthews

Iredell

1798

Musendine Matthews

Iredell

1799

Stephen Cabarrus

Chowan

1800

Stephen Cabarrus

Chowan

1801

478

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

House oj Commons (continued)
Representative
Stephen Cabarrus
Stephen Cabarrus
Stephen Cabarrus
Stephen Cabarrus
:|ohn Moore
Joshua Grainger Wright
Joshua Grainger Wright
WiUiam Gaston
Thomas Davis
WilUam Hawkins
Wilham Hawkins
WilUam Miller
vVilliam Miller
vVilliam Miller
lohn Craig
Thomas Rufhns
ames Iredell
ames Iredell, Jr.
James Iredell, Jr.
Romulus M. Saunders
lomulus M. Saunders
fames Mebane
!ohn D. Jones
tUfred Moore
Ufred Moore
ohn Stanly
bhn Stanly
'ames Iredell, Jr.
homas Settle
Villiam J. Alexander
L^harles Fisher
harles Fisher
-ouis D. Henry
^^illiam J. Alexander
Villiam J. Alexander
Villiam D. Haywood, Jr. Wake
VVilliam H. Haywood, Jr. Wake
William A. Graham
v'illiam A. Graham

County

Assembly

Chowan

1802

Chowan

1803

Chowan

1804

Chowan

1805

Lincoln

1806

New Hanover

1807

New Hanover

1808

Craven

1808

Cumberland

1809

Granville

1810

Granville

1811

Warren

1812

Warren

1813

Warren

1814

Orange

1815

Orange

1816

Chowan

1816

Chowan

1817

Chowan

1818

Caswell

1819

Caswell

1820

Orange

1821

New Hanover

1822

Brunswick

1823-24

Brunswick

1824-25

Craven

1825-26

Craven

1826-27

Chowan

1827-28

Rockingham

1828-29

Mecklenburg

1829-30

Rowan

1830-31

Rowan

1831-32

Cumberland

1832-33

Mecklenburg

1833-34

Mecklenburg

1834-35

Wake

1835

Wake

1836-37

Orange

1838-39

Orange

1840-41

479

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

House of Commons (continued)

Representative

County

Assembly

Robert B. Gilliam

Granville

1840-41

Clavin Graves

Caswell

1842-43

Edward Stanly

Beaufort

1844-45

Edward Stanly

Beaufort

1846-47

Robert B. Gilliam

Granville

1846-47

Robert B. Gilliam

Granville

1848-49

James C. Dobbs

Cumberland

1850-51

John Baxter

Henderson

1852

Samuel P Hill

Caswell

1854-55

Jesse G. Shepherd

Cumberland

1856-57

Thomas Settle, Jr.

Rockingham

1858-59

William T. Dortch

Wayne

1860-61

Nathan N. Fleming

Rowan

1860-61

Robert B. Gilliam

Granville

1862-64

Richard S. Donnell

Beaufort

1862-64

Marmaduke S. Robbms

Randolph

1862-64

Richard S. Donnel

Beaufort

1864-65

Samuel E Phillips

Orange

1865-66

Rufus Y. McAden

Alamance

1866-67

House of Representatixes

Representative

County

Assembly

Joseph W. Holden

Wake

1868

Joseph W. Holden

Wake

1869-70

Thomas J. Jarvis

Tyrrell

1870

James L. Robinson

Macon

1872

James L. Robinson

Macon

1874-75

Charles Price

Davie

1876-77

John M. Moring

Chatham

1879

Charles M. Cooke

Eranklin

1881

George M. Rose

Cumberland

1883

Thomas M. Holt

Alamance

1885

John R. Webster

Rockingham

1887

Augustus Leazar

Iredell

1889

Rufus A. Doughton

Alleghany

1891

Lee S. Overman

Rowan

1893

Zeb V Walser

Davidson

1895

A.E Hileman

Cabarrus

1897

Henry G. Connor

Wilson

1899-1900

Walter E. Moore

Jackson

1901

480

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

House of Representatives (continued)

Representative

County

Assem.

9ly

S. M. Gattis

Orange

1903

Owen H. Guion

Craven

1905

E. J. Justice

Guilford

1907

A. W. Graham

Granville

1909

W. C. Dowd

Mecklenburg

1911

George Connor

Wilson

1913

Emmett R. Wooten

Lenoir

1915

Walter Murphy

Rowan

1917

Dennis G. Brummitt

Granville

1919

Harry P. Grier

Iredell

1921

John G. Dawson

Lenoir

1923-24

Edgar W. Pharr

Mecklenburg

1925

Richard T. Fountain

Edgecombe

1927

A. H. Graham

Orange

1929

WilUs Smith

Wake

1931

R. L. Harris

Person

1933

Robert Johnson

Pender

1935-

R. Gregg Cherry

Gaston .

1937

D. L. Ward

Craven

1939

0. M. Mull

Cleveland

1941

John Kerr, Jr.

Warren

1943

Oscar L. Richardson

Union

1945

Thomas J. Pearsall

Nash

1947

Kerr Craig Ramsay

Rowan

1949

W Frank Taylor

Wayne

1951

Eugene T. Bost, Jr.

Cabarrus

1953

Larry 1. Moore, Jr.

Wilson

1955-

James K. Doughton

Alleghany

1957

Addison Hewlett

New Hanover

1959

Joseph M. Hunt, Jr.

Guilford

1961

H. Clifton Blue

Moore

1963

H. Patrick Taylor, Jr.

Anson

1965-

David M. Britt

Robeson

1967

Earl W Vaughn

Rockingham

1969

Philip P Godwin

Gates

1971

James E. Ramsey

Person

1973-

James C. Green

Bladen

1975-

Carl J. Stewart, Jr.

Gaston

1977-

Carl J. Stewart, Jr.

Gaston

1979-80

481

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

House of Commons (continued)

Representative County Assembly

Liston B. Ramsey Madison 1981-82

Listen B. Ramsey Madison 1983-84

Liston B. Ramsey Madison 1985-86

Liston B. Ramsey Madison 1987-88

Josephus L. Mavretic Edgecombe 1989-90

Daniel T. Blue, Jr. Wake 1991-94

Harold J. Brubaker Randolph 1995-98

James B. Black Mecklenburg 1999-Present

482

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

James Boyce Black

Speaker of the House

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Thirty-Sixth Representative District: Portions of
Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Born m Matthews, Mecklenburg County, on
March 25, 1935, to Boyce James and Margaret
Query Black.

Education

East Mecklenburg, 1953; B.A. in Business
Administration; Lenoir- Rhyne College, 1958; B.S.
and Doctor of Optometry, Southern College of
Optometry, 1962.

Professional Background

Optometrist, Dr. James B. Black & Associates.

Political Activities

Speaker of the House, 1999-Present, Member, N.C. House, 1981-84 and 1991-
Present (Majority Whip, 1993-94; Minority Leader, 1995-98); Matthews Town
Council, 1988.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past President, Mecklenburg County Optometric Association, Past President, North
CaroUna State Optometric Society; Matthews Optimist Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board Member, Mecklenburg County Mental Health Association; Board Member,
Local Advisory Board, United CaroUna Bank; Board of Trustees, N.C. Optometric
Society.

Military Service

Petty Officer, 3rd Class, USNR, USS Massey 1955-56; Reserves 1956-60.

Honors and Awards

1983 N.C. Optometrist of the Year; 1999 Honorary Doctorate, Lenoir Rhyne; 2000
Optometrist of the South.

Personal Information

Married, Betty Clodfelter Black. Two children. Two grandchildren. Member, Matthews
United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

The Speaker of the House appoints all committee memberships.

483

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Joe Hackney

Speaker Pro-Tempore

Democrat, Orange County

Twenty-Fourth Representative District:
Portions of Chatham and Orange counties

Early Years

Born m Siler City, Chatham County, on
September 23, 1945, to Herbert Harold and
Ida LiUian Dorsett Hackney

Educational Background

Silk Hope High School, 1963; N.C. State
University, 1963-64; A.B. with Honors in
Political Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1964-67;
J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1970.

Professional Background

Attorney and Partner, firm of Epting & Hackney.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1981 -Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Orange County (Former President), N.C. and American Bar Associations; N.C.
Academy of Trial Lawyers; Former President, 15th District Bar.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Executive Committee, National Conference of State Legislatures; Co-Chair,
Commission on Smart Growth, Growth Management and Development Issues
Former Member, Joint Orange-Chatham Community Action, Inc.

Honors and Awards

1998 Outstanding Legislator, N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; 1998 and 1985,
Governors Award, Legislator of the Year, N.C. Wildlife Federation; Recycling Merit
Award, N.C. RecycLng Association, 1991.

Personal Information

Married, Betsy Strandberg Hackney Two children. Member, Hickory Mountain Baptist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Judiciary 1; Vice-Chair, Redistricting, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the
House; Member (Ex-ofhcio of all committees except Redistricting), Environment
and Natural Resources.

484

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Philip A. Baddour, Jr.

^ House Majority Leader

Democrat, Wayne County

Eleventh Representative District: Portions of
Lenoir and Wayne counties

Early Years

Born in Goldsboro, Wayne County, on August
5, 1942, to Philip A. and Louise Farfour Baddour,
Sr.

Educational Background

Goldsboro High School, 1960; A.B, m
Economics, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1964; J.D.,UNC-
Chapel Hill Law School, 1967.

Professional Background

Attorney Baddour, Parker, Hine & Grander.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1992-93 and 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; Past President, Goldsboro
Rotary Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Trustees, Wayne Community College, 1986-92; Wayne County Economic
Development Commission, 1977-81 and 1985-92 (Chair, 1988-90); Goldsboro
Area Chamber of Commerce (President, 1976-77; Board of Directors, 1974-77).

Military Service

Colonel, N.C. Army National Guard, HQ STARC; National Guard, 1967-99; Legion
of Merit, Meritorious Service Award, N.C. Distinguished Service Award, Charles Dick
Medal of Merit.

Honors and Awards

2001 Defender of Justice Award for Legislative Advocacy; 2000 Excellence in Public
Service for Children Award, N.C. Pediatric Society; Distinguished Service Award as
Outstanding Young Man of the Year, Goldsboro Jaycees, 1977

Personal Information

Married, Margaret Boothe Baddour. Three children. Member, St. Marys Catholic
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Judiciary II; Vice-Chair, Redistricting; Ex officio of all committees except
Redistricting.

485

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Namon Leo Daughtry

Republican, Johnston County

Ninety-Fifth Representative District: Portions
oj Johnston County

Early Years

Born December 3, 1940, in Newton Grove,
Sampson County, to Namon Lutrell and Annie
Catholeen Thornton Daughtry.

Educational Background

Hobbton High School, 1958; L.L.B., Wake
Forest University, 1962; L.L.B., Wake Forest
University School of Law, 1965.

Professional Background

Attorney, Daughtry, Woodard, Lawrence &
Starling.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present CMajority Leader, N.C. House, 1995-1998;
Minority Leader, N.C. House, 1999-Present); Member, N.C. Senate, 1989-92.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Smithheld Tobacco Board of Trade; Member, Board of Directors, Florence Cnttenton
Ser\'ices.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Trustees, Meredith College; Board of Directors, Retail Merchants Association;
Board of Directors, World Trade Center.

Military Service

Captain, U.S. Air Force, Europe, 1966-70.

Personal Information

Married, Helen Finch Daughtry Two children. Two grandchildren. Member, St.
Pauls Episcopal Church, Smithfield.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Congressional
Redistrictmg, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Judiciar)- III.

486

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Andrew Thomas Dedmon

House Majority Whip

Democrat, Cleveland County

Forty-Eighth Representative District:
Cleveland, Rutherford and Portions of
Gaston and Polk counties

Early Years

Born in Kings Mountain, Cleveland County,
on August 19, 1960, to Ned Dedmon and
Deedie Bryant Dedmon.

Educational Background

Crest Senior High School, Shelby, 1978;
Gardner- Webb University

Professional Background

Real Estate, Centur}' 21 Dedmon Properties.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1997-Present; President, Cleveland County Young Democrats.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Cleveland County Association of Realtors; Project Graduation; Cleveland Lodge
#202 Scottish Rite.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Cleveland County Planning Board; Cleveland County Land Use Task Force.

Honors and Awards

Top Five Young Democrats in North CaroHna, 1993.

Personal Information

Married, Lisa Pearson Dedmon. One child. Member, New Hope Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Highway Safety and Law Enforcement, Local Government 1; Vice-Chair,
Legislative Redistricting; Member, Ex officio of all committees except Redistricting;
Finance, Insurance, Transportation.

487

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Beverly Earle

House Majority Whip

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Sixtieth Representative District: Portions of
Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Born m Greensboro, Guilford County, on
December 30, 1943, to Angelo Jr. and Edna
Wilkins Miller.

Educational Background

Dudley High School, Greensboro, 1961; Social
Science, N.C. A&T State University.

Professional Background

Retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Women Legislators' Lobby (WILL); American Legislative Exchange Council; National
Conference of State Legislators.

Appointive and Elected Boards and Commissions

Fannie Mac Housing Partnership; Institute of Medicine; Board ot Visitors, Johnson
C. Smith University.

Honors and Awards

Advocate of the Year, Easter Seals N.C; Person of Prominence, Char Post Publishing;
Advocate of the Year, The ARC of North Carolina

Personal Information

One child; Member, Christ the King Episcopal Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Human Services; Vice-Chair,
Legislative Redistrictmg; Member, Ex officio of all committees. Aging,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Health, Mental Health,
Transportation, Travel and Tourism.

488

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

William Franklin Mitchell

House Minority Whip

Republican, Iredell County

Forty-Second Representative District: Portions
of Iredell County

Early Years

Bom in Statesville, Iredell County, on July 26,
1940, to Grady S. and Elsie Rash Mitchell.

Educational Background

Hampton High School, 1958; Tool- Making,
Newport News Shipbuilding Apprentice School,
1964.

Professional Background

Farmer, Owner of Mitchell Machme Co.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present; Iredell County Commissioner, 1990-92.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Olin Masonic Lodge No. 226; N.C. Citizens for Business and Industry.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Statesville Airport Commission, 1990-92; Iredell County Fire Commission, 1990-
92; Iredell County Jury Commission, 1988-90.

Personal Information

Married, Gayle Johnson Mitchell. Five children. Two grandchildren. Member, St.
Johns Lutheran Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural
and Economic Resources, Children, Youth and Families, Congressional Redistricting,
Cultural Resources, Environment and Natural Resources.

489

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Alma S.Adams

Democrat, Guilford County

Twenty-Sixth Representative District: Portions
of Guilford County

Early Years

Born m High Point on May 27, 1946, to
Benjamin (deceased) and Mattie Stokes Shealey.

Educational Background

West Side High School, Newark, N.J., 1964; B.S.
in Art Education, N.C. A&T State University,
1969; M.S. m Art Education, N.C. A&T State
University, 1972; Ph.D. m Art Education/
Mukicukural Education, Ohio State University,
1981.

Professional Background

Professor of Art, Bennett CoUege.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1994-Present; Greensboro City Councd, 1987-94;
Greensboro City School Board, 1984-86.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

African American Atelier, Inc.; Life Member, Greensboro Branch, NAACP; United
Arts Council of Greensboro.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Women's Legislative Caucus, 1999-2000; Eoundmg Board Member, the
American Legacy Eoundation; Chair, Guilford Delegation, 2000-02.

Honors and Awards

2000 Distinguished Women of North Carolina; Distinguished W.K. Kellogg Fellow,
1990-93; Woman of Achievement m the Arts, 1992.

Personal Information

Two children. Two grandchildren. Member, New Zion Missionary Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Cultural Resources; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations
Subcommittee on General Government, Congressional Redistricting, Local
Government I, State Government.

490

THE STATE LEGISLATU RE

CHAPTER FIVE

Martha Bedell Alexander

I Democrat, Mecklenburg County

. Fifty-Sixth Representative District: Portions of
Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Bom in Jacksonville, Florida, on August 30,
1939, to Chester Bedell and Edmonia Hair Bedell.

Education

. Robert E. Lee School, Jacksonville Elorida, 1957;

B.S. in Education, Florida State University, 1961;

Master of Human Development and Learning,
' UNC-Charlotte, 1979.

Professional Background

Housewife.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1993-
Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

World Service Council, YWCA; National Council on Alcoholism and Drug
Dependence; Chair, Companion Diocese Committee, Episcopal Church.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

; Advisory Budget Commission; Joint Legislative Commission on Governmental
• Operations; Joint Legislative Oversight Committee on Mental Health, Developmental
, DisabiHties and Substance Abuse Ser\ices.

j Honors and Awards

2000 Legislator of the Year, Covenant with North Carolinas Children; Defender of
j Justice, N.C. Justice and Community Development Center; 2000 Legislative Advocate
I of the Year, NAADAC.

Personal Information

'• Married, James Frosst Alexander. Two children. Four grandchildren. Member, Christ
Episcopal Church, Charlotte.

Committee Assignments

. Chair, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform; Vice-Chair, Congressional
Redistricting; Member, Children, Youth and Families, Economic Growth and
Community Developent, Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities,
Finance, Judiciary 1, Mental Health.

491

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Gordon Phillip Allen, Sr.

Democrat, Person County

Twenty-Second Representative District:
Person and Portions of FranJdin, Granville,
HaliJcDC, Vance and Warren counties

Early Years

Born m Roxboro, Person County, on Apnl 29,
1929, to G. Lemuel and Sallie Wilkerson Allen.

Educational Background

Roxboro High School, 1947; A. A. m
Business, Mars Hill College, 1949.

Professional Background

Independent Insurance Agent, Thompson-Allen, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1997-Present; N.C. Senate, 1969-1974.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past Director, Independent Insurance Agents of North Carolina; Past President,
Roxboro Kiwanis Club; Partners m Education.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Board of Directors, Homesavings of Durham; Member, Board of Directors,
Central Carolina Bank of Durham; Member, Board of Directors, Peoples Bank;
Founding Chairman, Piedmont Community College (Board Member for 30 years).

Military Service

1st Lieutenant, 2nd Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 1951-53; Served m the Korean
War; Awarded Bronze Star, Korean Service Medal with Two Bronze Service Stars;
United Nations Medal with Two Bronze Stars; Overseas Service Bar.

Honors and Awards

1999 Distinguished Service Award, Mars Hill College; Thirty Year Service Award,
Piedmont Community College; 1959 Jaycees Distinguished Service Award,

Personal Information

Married, Betsy Harris Allen. Five children. Seventeen grandchildren. Member, Long
Memorial United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Finance; Member, Education, Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges,
Environment and Natural Resources, Legislative Redistrictmg, Rules, Calendar and
Operations of the House, Transportation, University Board of Governors Nominating.

492

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Gary D. All red

Republican, Alamance County

Twenty-Fifth Representative District: Alamance,
Caswell and Portions of Orange and Rockingham
counties

Early Years

Born February 7, 1947, in Mebane, Alamance
County, to Maurice Frank and Rosa Etta Frances
Sykes Allred.

Educational Background

Southern Alamance High School, 1965; B.A. in
Social Science, Elon College, 1970; Graduate School,
Davidson Community College and UNC-Greensboro, 1974-75.

Professional Background

Founder, President and CEO, EconoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present; Member, N.C. Senate, 1981-84; Alamance
County Commissioner, 1984-94.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Former Member, Graham Jaycees; Former Member, Alamance County Heart
Association; American Legion.

Appointive and Elected Boards and Commissions

Former Member, Alamance County Board of Health; Chair, Special Gifts, Alamance
County Heart Association; Chair, Alamance Recycling and Solid Waste Commission.

Military Service

U.S. Navy, NATO Special Forces, 1967-68; U.S. Naval Reserves.

Honors and Awards

Guardian of Small Business, National Federation of Independent Businesses; 4-H
Outstanding Alumnus Award for Alamance County; Free Enterprise Award for
Alamance County, Graham Jaycees, 1979.

Personal Information

Married, Jean Brown Allred. One child. Christian.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Transportation, Ways and Means; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations
Subcommittee on Capital, Financial Institutions, Health, Legislative Redistricting,
Public UtiHties, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House.

493

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Gene Grey Arnold

Republican, Nash County

Seventy-Second Representative District:
Portions of Nash and Wilson counties

Early Years

Born 111 Rocky Mount, Edgecombe County, on
December 31, 1936, to Jacob Harboard and
Bessie Lee Pittman Arnold.

Education

Rocky Mount Senior High, 1955; UNC-
Wilmington, 1956.

Professional Background

Retired Executive, Hardee s Food System, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past President, Management Development Institute, UNC; UNC Executive Program;
Fellow, N.C. Institute of Political Leadership..

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Nash Community College Foundation Board; NC Wesleyan College Board of
Visitors; Cities in Schools Advisory Board, Nash County.

Personal Information

Married, Lynne Shannon Arnold. Three children. Two grandchildren. Member, St.
Andrews Episcopal Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges; Member,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Education, Election Law
and Campaign Finance Reform, Judiciar}' I.

494

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Rex Levi Baker

Republican, Stokes County

Fortieth Representative District: Alleghany, Ashe,
Stokes, Surry and Watauga counties

Early Years

Born in King, Stokes County, on June 9, 1938, to
i Henry Ralph and Mary Elizabeth Slate Baker.

Educational Background

I King High School, 1956; B.B.A., Wake Forest
i; College, 1963; M.B.A., UNC-Chapel Hill, 1965.

I Professional Background

Owner, King Foods, Inc. (President, 1989-Present);
' Retired Executive, R.J. Reynolds.

.Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1995-Present.

1 Personal Information

1 Married, Helen Virginia Wall. Two children.

Committee Assignments

i Member, Agriculture, Alcoholic Beverage Control, Appropriations, Appropriations
Subcommittee on Information Technology, State Government.

495

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Bobby Harold Barbee, Sr.

Republican, Stanly County

Eighty-Second Representative District: Portions oj
Cabarrus, Stanly and Union counties

Early Years

Born m Locust, Stanly County, on November 24,
1927, to Relus W. and Joy Hartsell Barbee.

Educational Background

Graduate, Stanfield High School, 1945.

Professional Background

Owner, Barbee Insurance and Associates; Land
development and home-buildmg with B.B.S.
Construction.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1987-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

President, West Stanly Colt Club, 1982-85; Former Member, Locust Elementary
P.T.A. (President, 1964-66, 1984-85).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, West Stanly High School Advisory Board, 1986-87; Member, Stanly County
Community Schools Advisory Board, 1986-87; Board of Directors, Stanly Memorial
Hospital Foundation, 1990-96.

Military Service

U.S. Army Air Force, 1945-47.

Personal Information

Married, Jacqueline Pethel Barbee. Five children. Nine grandchildren. Member,
Carolina Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Insurance; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Transportation, Legislative Redistricting, Local Government II, Pensions and
Retirement, UNC Board of Governors Nominating.

496

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Daniel Wilson Barefoot

Democrat, Lincoln County

. Forty-Fourth Representative District: Portions of
Gaston and Lincon counties

Early Years

Born m Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, on March
18, 1951, to Pressly Wilson and Ramona Jane
Pennell Barefoot.

Educational Background

Graduate, Maiden High School, Maiden, 1969; A.B.
in Political Science (Phi Beta Kappa), UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1973; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law,
1976.

' Professional Background
Attorney/Author.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1998-Present.

' Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Lmcolnton-Lmcoln County Chamber of Commerce; Past President, Lincoln County
Bar Association; Past President, 27-B Judicial District Bar Association.

Boards and Commissions

; President-Elect, Lincoln County Chapter, North Carolina Synnphony; Chair, Board
' of Directors, First Citizens Bank & Trust, Lincolnton; USS North Carolina Battleship
, Commission.

j Honors and AMrards

1997 Governors Award for Outstanding Volunteer Service; 1998 North Carolina
j Historian of the Year, N.C. Society of Historians; History Book Award (1996, 1997,
1 1998), N.C. Society of Historians.

[Personal Information

; Married, Kay Anne Townsend Barefoot. One child. Member, First Presbyterian
' Church of Lincolnton.

Committee Assignments

. Chair, Cultural Resources, Pensions and Retirement, Travel and Tourism; Vice-
Chair, Judiciary III; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
General Government, Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities, Rules,
Calendar and Operations of the House.

497

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Jeffrey L Barnhart

Republican, Cabarrus County

Eighty -first Representative District: Portions of
Cabarrus and Union counties

Early Years

Born in Waverly, New York, on March 5, 1956,
to Fred Harrison and Mildred Lorraine Sjostrom
Barnhart.

Education

Waverly High School, 1974; B.S. ni Industrial
Technology, Southern Illinois University, 1981.

Professional Background

Self-employed, Cabarrus Fence Co., Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 2001-Present; Member, Cabarrus County
Board of Commissioners.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Cabarrus Regional Chamber of Commerce.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Cabarrus County Economic Development Corporation, 1991-2000; Water & Sewer
Authority of Cabarrus County, 1994-2000.

Military Service

E-4, Air Force Communications Command, U.S. Air Force, 1978-82.

Personal Information

Married, Jody L. Sprmgston Barnhart. Four children. Member, Crossroads United
Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Transportation; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee
on Education, Children, Youth and FamUies, Education, Education Subcommittee
on Universities, Health, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, University
Board of Governors Nominating.

498

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Larry M. Bell

Democrat, Sampson County

i Ninety -seventh Representative District: Portions of
I Duplin, Sampson and Wayne counties

j Early Years

j Born in Clinton, Sampson County, on August 18,
'> 1939, to Johnny Moseley and Fannie Mae Boone
! Bell.

I Education

, Douglass High School, Warsaw, 1957; B.S. in Social

Studies and General Science, North Carohna A&T
I State University, 1961; M.A m Education
I Administration, North Carolina A&T State University 1976; Ed. S. in Education

Administration, East Carolina University, 1983.

Frojessional Background

\ Retired

I Political Activities

' Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 2001 -Present; Member, Sampson County
, Board of Commissioners, 1990-2001.

I Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

' Supervisor, Sampson County Schools, 1990-96; Board of Trustees, Sampson
, Community College, 1980-90; Sampson-Duplm Mental Health Board, 1990-92.

! Honors and Awards

'< 2002 Excellence m Equity Award, NCAE, Inc.; 1998-99 Chairperson, Public Service
Award, N.C. Council of Government; 1993 Administrator of the Year, N.C.
Association of School Librarians.

Personal Information

One child. Two grandchildren. Member, Poplar Grove Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Agriculture; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee
on Education, Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and
Secondary Education, Highway Safety and Law Enforcement, Judiciary III, Mental
Health, State Personnel.

499

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Daniel T. Blue, Jr.

Democrat, Wake County

Twenty-First Representative District: Portions of
Wake County

Early Years

Born m Lumberion, Robeson County, on April
18, 1949, to Daniel Terry, Sr., and Allene Morris
Blue.

Education

Oak Ridge High School, Lumberton, 1966; B.S.
m Mathematics, N.C. Central University, 1970;
J.D., Duke University School of Law, 1973;
Certificate, National Institute of Trial Advocacy, 1977.

Professional Background

Attorney, Managing Partner, Thigpen, Blue, Stephens & Fellers.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1981-Present (Speaker, N.C. House, 1991-94).

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Wake County Bar Association; N.C. Academy of Trial Lavv^'ers.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Executive Committee, Board of Trustees, Executive Board, Center on Ethics in
Government; Advisory Council, Association of Governing Boards of Universities
and Colleges.

Honors and Awards

Joseph Branch Professionalism Award, Wake County Bar Association; Recipient of
nine honorar)- degrees.

Personal Information

Married, Edna Smith Blue. Three children. Member, Davie Street Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Judiciary 1; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Transportation, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Insurance, Legislative
Redistricting.

500

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

JohnM. Blust

Republican, Guilford County

Twenty -Seventh Representative District: Portions of
Davidson and Guilford counties

Early Years

Born m Hamilton, Ohio, on June 4, 1954, to Gordon
Charles and Barbara J. Brown Blust.

Education

Western Guilford High School, Greensboro, 1972;
B.S. in Accounting and Business Administration,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1979; J.D., UNC School of Law,
1983.

' Professional Background

Attorney.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001-Present; Member, N.C. Senate, 1997-99.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Board of Directors, Guilford Mental Health Board; Vance Harner Scholarship
Fund.

Military Service

Captain, 82nd Airborne, 2nd Infantry Division, U.S. Army 1982-85.

■ Personal Information

■ Member, Westover Church.

Committee Assignments

I Member, Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities, Finance, Judiciary 1.

501

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Donald Allen Bonner

Democrat, Robeson County

Eighty-Seventh Representative District: Portions of
Hoke, Robeson and Scotland counties

Early Years

Born in Rowland, Robeson County, North Carolina
on June 22, 1935, lo Ernest and Catherine G. McGirt
Bonner.

Educational Background

Southside High School, Rowland, N.C, 1951; B.S.

in Biolog>'/Physical Education, N.C. Central University,

1955; M.S. m Physical Education, N.C. Central University, 1964; Ed. Specialist,

East Carolina University 1982.

Professional Background

Retired Educator, Robeson County Public Schools.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1997-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Life Member, NAACP; N.C. Association of Retired School Personnel; Alpha Phi
Alpha Fraternity.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Advisory Board, Rowland Branch, Lumbee Guaranty Bank; Advisory Board,
NCHSAA.

Military Service

Spec-4, Medical Corps, U.S. Army 1958-60.

Honors and Awards

Andre' Nadeau Educator of the Year Award, 1988; NCHSAA Hall of Fame, 1993.

Personal Information

Married, Elizabeth Parnell. One child. Member, New Hope United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Education; Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations
Subcommittee on Education, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, judiciary
III, Legislative Redistrictmg, State Government, University Board of Governors,
Wildlife Resources.

502

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Joanne W.Bowie

Republican, Guilford County

Twenty-Ninth Representative District: Portions of
Guilford County

Early Years

Born m Terre Haute, Indiana, on June 18 to Phillip
and lona Brown Walker.

Education

:B.A. in Fine Art, English, West Virginia University;
M.S. in Communication- Visual Aides, West Virginia
University.

^Professional Background

Retired Public Relations Specialist.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1989-Present; Greensboro City Council, 1977-88.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Greensboro Chamber of Commerce (Board of Directors, 1986); Mothers March,
jMarch of Dimes (Chairman of Local March, 1974-75); Board of Directors, N.C.
jRetail Merchants Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

State Board of Community Colleges, 1985-88; Governor's Appointee, 2001
Transportation Commission, Governors Appointee, Rail Passenger Service Task
JForce Committee, 1991.

Honors and Awards

il998, 1999 Woman of the Year, Guilford County Republican Women; 2000-2001
.State Director, N.C. Foundation for Women Legislators, Inc.; 2000 Legislator of
|the Year Avv^ard, N.C. Society of Eye Physicians and Surgeons.

Personal Information

sTwo children. Three grandchildren. Member, Saint Paul the Apostle Catholic Church,
Greensboro.

Committee Appointments

Vice-Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation; Member,
Appropriations, Education, Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges,
Environment and Natural Resources, Judiciary II, Ways and Means.

503

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Flossie Boyd-Mclntyre

Democrat, Guilford County

Twenty -Eighth Representative District: Portions
of Guilford County

Early Years

Born m Louisville, Mississippi, on December 22,
1937, to Bob and Dorothy Boyd Hickman,

Educational Background

Louisville High School, 1956; B.S. in Language
Arts, Jackson State LJniversity, 1960; M.A. m
English & Literature, Northwestern University,
1967; Ed.D. in English and Education, Rutgers

University, 1975.

Professional Background I

Owner and President, American Classic Realty, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present (Democratic Whip, 1997-98); First Vice-Chair, '

Legislative Black Caucus & Foundation, 1999-Present.

I
Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Womens Clubs, High ,

Point, Senior Club (President, 1985-87); National Council of Teachers of English i

(NCTE); Governing Member, National Womens Political Caucus. '

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions \

Director, Workforce Development Board; Director, Board of Management, Hayes-
Taylor YMCA; Board of Directors, Student Enrichment Foundation. i

Honors and Awards

1999 National Legislative Award and Tribute, Strong Women Inside and Out; 2000
Millennium Award, Bethel AME Church; 1999 Phenommal Women Recognition,'
Sinclair Media Group. i

Personal Information \

Married, Charles Mclntyre. One child. One grandchild. Member, Bethel AME Church
of Greensboro. i

Committee Assignments \

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Children, Youth and Families; i
Vice-Chair, UNC Board of Governors Nominating; Member, Appropriations,'
Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Congressional Redistncting, Education,!
Education Subcommittee on Universities, Ethics, Insurance, Judiciary I, Rules,
Calendar and Operations of the House, Science and Technolog)'.

504

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Harold James Brubaker

j Republican, Randolph County

Thirty-Eighth Representative District: Portions of
Randolph and Guilford counties

iEarly Years

jiBorn in Mount Joy, Pennsylvania, on November
111, 1946, to Paul N. and Verna Mae Miller Brubaker.

Educational Background

: B.S. in Agricultural Economics, Pennsylvania State
'University, 1969; Masters in Economics, N.C. State
I University, 1971.

j Professional Background

'President, Brubaker & Associates, Inc.

Political Activities

I Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1977-Present (Speaker of the House, 1995-
'98; House Minority Leader, 1981-84; Joint Caucus Leader, Republican Members
lof the N.C. General Assembly, 1979-80); Co-Chairman, N.C. Reagan-Bush
Committee, 1980; Delegate-at-Large, National Republican Convention, 1980, 1996
land 2000.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

{Randolph County Farm Bureau; Grange; N.C. Holstein Association; 4-H Club leader
: (Former President, N.C. Development Fund).

■ Honors and Awards

'Outstanding Young Men in N.C, 1981; Outstanding 4-H Alumni of N.C, 1981;
j Distinguished Service Award, 1981.

,Personal Information

Married, Geraldine Baldwin. Two children. Member, St. Johns Lutheran Church.

Committee Assignments

j Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Ethics, Financial
Institutions, Health, Insurance, Legislative Redistricting, Public Utilities, State
Government.

505

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Charles Franklin Buchanan

Republican, Mitchell County

Forty-Sixth Representative District: Avery, Mitchell
and Portions of Burke, Caldwell and Catawba coun-
ties

Early Years

Born in Poplar, Mitchell County, on October 5, 1936,
to Robert and Hattie Butler Garland Buchanan.

Education

Tipton High School; GED, 1958.

Professional Background

President and Owner, Poplar Creek Campground, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1985-92 and 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations \

Spruce Pine Moose Lodge; VF.W; Oasis Shrine, Charlotte. i

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Mitchell County Board of Commissioners, 1978-82 CChair, 1981-82). i

Military Service

A/lc, 63rd Transport Squadron, U.S. Air Force, 1958-62; Reserves, 1962-64. '

Personal Information

Member, Freewill Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Finance; Member, Agriculture, Congressional Districting, Cultural Resources, ■
Finance, Financial Institutions, Health, Legislative Redistricting, Local Government
1, Redistricting, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, Transportation,
Wildlife Resources.

506

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

J. Russell Capps

Republican, Wake County

Ninety-Second Representative District: Portions
of Durham and Wake counties

Early Years

Born in Raleigh, Wake County, on February 26,
1931, to Jasper D. "Jack" and Flora Starling Capps.

Educational Background

Hugh Morson High School, Raleigh, 1949; Radio/
Television Institute of Chicago, 1950; B.S. in
Sociology, Wake Forest University, 1955;
Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1957;
City/County Government Administration, Institute
of Government, 1969.

Professional Background

Retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Wake County Taxpayers Association (President, 1992-Present); Former Volunteer
and Chief Fireman, Wake New Hope Volunteer Fire Department; President, Wake
'. County Firemen's Association.

• Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

' Trustee, Radio/Television Commission; Southern Baptist Convention (eight years);
I Board of Visitors, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary

i Personal Information

i Married Gayle McLaurm Capps of Fuquay-Varina. Two children. Member, Mid-
Way Baptist Church, Raleigh.

Committee Assignments

Member, Finance, Highway Safety and Law Enforcement, Judiciary 111, Local
Government II.

507

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Margaret M. Carpenter

Republican, Haywood County

Fifty-Second Representative District: Graham,
Haywood, Jackson, Madison and Swain counties

Early Years

Born August 3, 1950, in Detroit, Michigan, to
Joseph and Margaret Donnelly Birach.

Educational Background

Lamphere High School, Madison Heights,
Michigan, 1968; B.S. in Special Education,
University of Alabama, 1975; M. Ed, m Special
Education, University of South Alabama, 1989;
Coursework for Ph.D. m Instructional Design and
Development, University of South Alabama, 1992-95.

Professional Background

State Legislator

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001 -Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

National Conference of State Legislators.

Honors and Awards

1994 Outstanding Ph.D. Student, Kappa Delta Pi; 1996-97 Whos Who in Education.

Personal Information

Married, Dale Richard Carpenter. One child. Eour grandchildren. Member, St. John
Roman Catholic Church, Waynesville.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Economic
Growth and Community Development, Education, Education Subcommittee on
Community Colleges, Mental Health.

508

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Walter Greene Church, Sr.

Democrat, Burke County

Forty -Seventh Representative District: Portions of
Burke County

Early Years

Born m Caldwell County, on June 30, 1927, to
Anderson M. Church and Rosa Triplett Church.

Educational Background

Francis Garrou High, 1944-45; Amherst College,
1945-46; Banking and Finance, University of
Wisconsin, 1962-64.

Professional Background

Semi-retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1992-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Burke County Industrial Pollution Control Authority, Chair, United Fund.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Valdese Community Center; Member, Burke County Board of
Elections; Former Member, S & L Commission, 1977-85 (Chair, 1984-85).

Military Service

Sgt. 1st Class, 8167^'^ AW, U.S. Army 1952-55, Far East Command.

Honors and Awards

Army Commendation Ribbon.

Personal Information

Married, Verta Burns Church. Two children. Three grandchildren. Member,
Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Financial Institutions; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee
on Health and Human Services, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform,
Legislative Redistricting, State Government.

509

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

^.#"iS%«-

Debbie A. Clary

Republican, Cleveland County

Forty-Eighth Representative District: Cleveland,
Rutherford and Portions of Gaston and Polk
counties

Early Years

Born in Shelby on August 29, 1959, to Steven B.
(deceased) and Ann Clary.

Educational Background

Blacksburg High School, Blacksburg, S.C, 1977;
Business Administration, Gardner Webb University,
1977-80.

Professional Background

President, Millennium Marketing Group.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Cleveland Chamber of Commerce; N.C. Association of Broadcasters; Certihed
Marketing Consultants.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Life Enrichment Center; Board of Directors, Adventure House; Advisory Board,
Gardner-Webb University.

Honors and Awards

Mental Health Advocate Award; Luther "Nick" Jeralds Au'ard; Home Care Legislator
of the Year.

Personal Information

Member, Rock Springs Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Agmg; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Health and Human Services, Congressional Redistrictmg, Health, Judiciaiy 1, Science
and Technology, Transportation.

510

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

LoreneThomason Coates

Democrat, Rowan County

Thirty-Fifth Representative District: Rowan
County

Early Years

Born in Rowan County to Junious Lamont and
Mary Belle Hoffman Thomason.

Educational Background

Woodleaf High School, Woodleaf, 1954; Rowan-
Cabarrus Community College.

Professional Background

Retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001 -Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Rowan Helping Ministries; Altrusa Club of Salisbury

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Child Fatality Task Force; N.C. Public Health Commission.

Honors and Awards

. Outstanding Performance Award, USDA-ASCS-Ser\ace in the Southeast; Presidents
Award, Helping Ministries Award;

\Personal Information

'Married, Floyd E. Coates. Two children. Three grandchildren. Member, Bethel
i Lutheran Church.

Committee Assignments

j Vice-Chair, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary
'Education; Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Transportation, Education, PubUc Health, Public Utilities, State Government.

511

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Edward Nelson Cole

Democrat, Rockingham County

Twenty-Fifth Representative District: Alamance,
Caswell and Portions of Orange and Rockingham
counties

Early Years

Born m Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, on March
29, 1937, to Marvin Reid Cole and Hazeline Cathey
Cole.

Educational Background

North Mecklenburg High School, HuntersviUe,
1955; B.S. in Business Administration, University
of South Carolina, 1962.

Professional Background

Retired Auto Dealer.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1992-94 and 1996-Present. '

Business/Prof essioncd, Cliaritahle/Civic or Community Seiyice Organizations ^

N.C. Automobile Dealers Association; National Automobile Dealers Association;
Past President, Reidsville Chamber of Commerce.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Member, Board of Directors, United Way

Honors and Awards

2000 Legislator of the Year Award, N.C. Public Transportation Association.

Personal Information

Married, Libby Lewter Cole. Three children. Two grandchildren. Member, First
Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Economic Growth and
Community Development; Member, Appropriations, Financial Institutions, Highway'
Safety and Law Enforcement, Judiciary III, Transportation. ,

512

THE STATE LEGISLATU RE

CHAPTER FIVE

A. Leslie Cox, Jr.

Democrat, Lee County

Nineteenth Representative District: Harnett, Lee
and Sampson counties

Early Years

Born January 1, 1950, in Sanford, Lee County, to
Albert L. and Jeanette W. (deceased) Cox.

Educational Background

Sanford Central High School, Sanford, 1968; B.A.
in English Literature, North Carolina State
University, 1972.

Professional Background

Insurance Sales, AFLAC and Bankingport, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1998-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Sanford Kiwanis Club, 1972-82; President, Friends of Lee County Library, 1985;
President, Temple Theatre, Inc., 1989.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Board of Directors, N.C. State University Alumni Association, 1989-92;
Member, Board of Directors, N.C. State University Humanities Foundation, 1986-
92; Member, Local Board, First Citizens Bank.

Honors and Awards

1992 Distinguished Alumni Award, N.C. State University College of Humanities
and Social Sciences Foundation.

Personal Information

Married to Joyce Cox. Two children. Member, St. Luke's United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Pensions and Retirement; Vice-Chair, Agriculture, Environment and Natural
Resources; Member, Congressional Redistricting, Education, Education
Subcommittee on Community Colleges, Finance, State Government, Ways and
Means.

513

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

James W. Crawford, Jr.

Democrat, Granville County

Twenty-Eighth Representative District: Person
and Portions oj Franklin, Granville, Halifax,
Vance and Warren counties

Early Years

Born m Durham, Durham County, on Oclober
4, 1937, to James Walker and Julia Brent Hicks
Crawford.

Educational Background

Oxford High School, Oxford, 1956; B.S. ni
hidustrial Relations, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1960.

Professional Background

Businessman and Developer; Partner, Crawford
Properties.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1983-92 and 1995-Present; Oxford City Council.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Mental Health Association; Education and Transportation Committees, N.C.
Citizens for Business & Industiy; N.C. Retail Merchants Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Visitors, UNC-Chapel Hill; Vance-Granville Community College
Foundation; Chair, Oxford Zoning Board of Adjustment.

Military Service

Lieutenant (j.g.), Operations Officer, U.S. Naw, 1960-62.

Honors and Awards

Distinguished Service Award; 2000 Legislator of the Year, N.C. Transportation
Association; 1995 Outstanding Volunteer, McFarland-Edgerton Award, N.C. Mental
Health Association.

Personal Information

Married, Harriet Coltrane Cannon Crawford. Three children. Seven grandchildren.
Member, Oxford LJnited Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Mental Health: Vice-Chair,
Appropriations; Member, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Education,
Education Subcommittee on Universities, Health, Judiciary III, Legislative
Redistncmg, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, Transportation, University
Board of Governors Nominating.

514

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Mark Crawford, Jr.

Republican, Buncombe County

Fifty-First Representative District: Buncombe
County

Educational Background

CD. Owen High School, Swannanoa, 1978; B.S.,
United States MiUtary Academy, West Point, 1982.

Professional Background

Realtor, Coldwell Banker Carroll & Kasey.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or
Community Service Organizations

N.C. Association of Realtors; Life Member, VFW; Life Member, AMVETS.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Visitors, Montreat College.

Military Service

Major, Air Defense Artillery, U.S. Army 1982-92; Reserves, 1992-Present.; Awarded
Meritorious Service Award, Army Commendation Medal (3), National Defense Medal,
Southwest Asia Service Medal (2), Kuwaiti Liberation Medal.

Honors and Awards

1982 Award, Order of Lafayette, Inc.; 2002 Wall of Fame Award, Leadership
Institute; 1998 Outstanding Young Men of America.

Personal Information

Member, Montreat Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Human
Services, Economic Growth and Community Development, Education, Education
Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary Education, Judiciary III,
Mental Health, PubHc Health, State Government.

515

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Billy James Creech

Republican, Johnston County

Twentieth Representative District: Portions oj
Franklin, Johnston and Nash counties

Early Years

Born in Smithiicld, Johnston County, on March
25, 1943, to Worley Ncvcllc and Geraldme
Godwin Creech.

Educational Background

Wilsons Mills High School, 1962; Mount Olive
College.

Professional Background

Owner and Operator. Specialty Lumber Company.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1989-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Southeastern Lumbermans Manufacturing Association; Member, Ducks Unlimited;
Member, Keep Johnston County Beautiful, Inc.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Community Resource Council, Johnston County Prison Unit; Farmers Home
Administration (Chairman, 1985-86); Advisoiy Board, Bank of Pine Level.

Military Service

U.S. Army Resen'e.

Personal Information

Married, Donna Arrants Creech. Member, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ),
Wilsons Mills.

Committee Assignments

Member, Alcoholic Beverage Control, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee
on Health and Human Services, Congressional Redistricting, Education, Education
Subcommittee on Universities, Public Health and State Government.

516

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Arlie Franklin Gulp

Republican, Randolph County

Thirtieth Representative District: Portions of
Chatham, Guilford and Randolph counties

Early Years

Born m Badin, Stanly County, on April 9, 1926, to
Arlie Franklin and Mary Eula Smith Gulp, Sr.

Educational Background

Badin Public Schools, 1942; A.B. m Chemistry,
Catawba College, 1950; B.S. in Plant Science, A&T
State University, 1976,

Professional Background

Retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1989-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Randolph Rotary Club (President, 1964-65); Co-Chair, Randolph County Mayors
Committee for Disabled Persons; Randoplh Livestock and Poultry Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Natural Resources Leadership Institute; Board of Directors,
Yadkin-Peedee Lakes Project; Consumer Advocacy Commission for the Blind.

Military Service

Seaman 1st Class, U.S. Naval Air Force, 1944-46, U.S. Navy; Good Conduct Medal.

Honors and Awards

1998 Outstanding Citizen Award, WO.W; Distinguished Service Award, Asheboro
Jaycees, 1959.

Personal Information

Married, Daisy Mae Farlow Gulp (deceased). One child. Member, Jordan Memorial
United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Aging, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Natural and Economic Resources, Environment and Natural Resources, Legislative
Redistricting, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, Transportation.

517

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William T. Culpepper,

Democrat, Chowan County

Eighty-Sixth Representative District: Chowan,
Dare, Tyrrell and Portions of Perquimans and
Washington counties

Early Years

Born in Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County, on
January 23, 1947, to William T., Jr. and Shirley
Perry Culpepper.

Educational Background

Elizabeth City High School, 1964; B.S. m
History and Economics, Hampden-Sydney
College, 1968; J.D., Wake Forest University,
1973^

Professional Background

La\v)'er; County Attorney, Chowan County, 1979-Present.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Edenton Rotary Club (President 1986-87); Edenton Historical Commission.

Personal Information

Two children. Member, St. Pauls Episcopal Church, Edenton.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Justice and Public Safely, Rules, Calendar
and Operations of the House; Member, Appropriations, Congressional Redistncting,
Emancial Institutions, Judiciaiy 11, Public Utilities, Redistricting.

518

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

William Pete Cunningham

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Fifty-Ninth Representative District: Portions of
Mccklcnhurg County

Early Years

Born in Monroe, Union County, on November 11,
1929.

Educational Background

Winchester Avenue High School; A.E. Certificate,
Coyne Electronic Institute, 1950; Johnson C. Smith
University, 1950-52; Business Law, Florida
Extension, Charleston A.EB.

Professional Background

CEO, HKL, Inc, 1987-Present; President and Co-Owner, Hatchett and Cunningham
Associates, 1973-84.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1987-Present (Minority Whip, N.C. House, 1995-96); Vice-
Chair, N.C. Legislative Black Caucus, 1999-Present; Assistant to the Speaker, N.C.
House of Representatives.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Life Member, NAACP; NAACP Legal Defense Fund; VFW

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Anita Stroud Foundation, 1982-Present (Chair, 1989-Present); Board of Directors,
Charlotte Chamber of Commerce, 1980-82; Member, NCCJ, 1992-Present.

Military

Radioman 1st Class, U.S. Navy, Retired, 1972; Good Conduct Medal, ETO (American
Defense), Outstanding Awards, Leadership Certificates.

Personal Information

Member, Parkwood CME Church.

Committee Assignments

Ex-officio member of all committees; Vice-Chair, Legislative Redistricting; Member,
Congressional Redistricting, Redistricting.

519

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Donald Spencer Davis

Republican, Harnett County

Nineteenth Representative Distiiet: Harnett, Lee
and Portions of Sampson counties

Early Years

Born m Hannibal, Missouri, on January' 19, 1930,
10 Dean W and J. Featherstone Da\is.

Educational Background

Moberly, Missouri, High School, 1946; Attended
University of Maryland and Austin Peay State
Teachers College m Clarksville, Tennessee;
Subsistence Technology School, Fort Lee, Virginia.

Professional Background

President and Chairman, Doii-Ron Military Marketing.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Secretary and Treasurer, Armed Forces Marketing Council; Dunn Rotary Club; VFW.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

National Board o^ Directors, American Logistic Association; Chair, Board of Trustees,
Heritage Bible College, Dunn; Farm Labor Commission.

Military Sei'vice

Major, 82nd Airborne, 101st Airborne, 1st Cavalry Division, U.S. Army, 1946-66,
Korea, Japan and Germany; Defense Personnel Support Center, Brooklyn, N.Y.;
Department of the Army Accommodation Ribbon with Cluster; Department of
Defense Accommodation Medal; Good Conduct Medal; Army Masters Parachutist
Badee

Honors and Awards

2000 Eagle of the Year, Eagle Forum; Numerous Sales Awards; Honorary Doctorate
in Humanities, Heritage Bible College, 1995.

Personal h^formation

Married Kellon Hamilton Davis. Three children. Member, Antioch Pentecostal
Freewill Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Transportation, Congressional Redistrictmg, Environment and Natural Resources,
Military, Veterans and Indian Affairs.

520

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Michael Paul Decker, Sr.

Republican, Forsyth County

j Eighty-Fourth Representative District: Portions of
j Forsyth and Guilford counties

Early Years

I Born in Red Bud, Illinois, on December 18, 1944,
to Harvey and Maxine Parvin Decker.

I Educational Background

• Central High School, Cape Girardeau, Missouri,
1962; Bachelor of Rehgious Education, Piedmont
I Bible College, 1974; B.S. in Education, Winston-
! Salem State University, 1976.

Professional Background

Teacher.

Political Activities

\ Member, N.C. House, 1985-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Little League Baseball (Board of Directors, 1981-84, Secretary 1982-83, Coach,
1979-81); Arthritis Foundation of Winston-Salem; Arthritis Foundation of North
' Carolina.

Military Service

; E-5, Submarine Service, U.S. Navy, 1962-68; National Defense, Good Conduct
; Medals.

, Honors and Awards

I 1998 Friend of the Family; 1997 Pro-Life Legislator of the Year; 1992 Friend of the
Taxpayer.

Personal Information

Married, Marlene Allen Decker. Three children. One grandchild. Member, Gospel
Light Baptist Church, Walkertown.

Committee Assignments

Member, Congressional Redistricting, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform,
Finance, Judiciary II, Local Government I, Ways and Means.

521

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Jerry Charles Dockham

Republican, Davidson County

Ninety-Fourth Representative District: Portions
of Davidson and Randolph counties

Early Years

Born in Demon, Davidson County, on March
22, 1950, to Elwood Charles and Opal M.
Coggin Dockham.

Educational Background

Denton High School, 1968; B.S. m Business,
Wake Forest University, 1972.

Professional Background

Insurance and Inx^estments.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1990-Present; Former Chair, Davidson County Republican
Party; Fellow, North Carolina Institute of Political Leadership.

Business/Professional, Charitable /Civic or Community Service Organizations

Fellow, Life Underwriting Training Council; Denton Lions Club (25-year member);
Thomasville Area Chamber of Commerce.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Trustee of Davidson County Community College, 1987-Present; Member, Board
of Directors of Central Carolina Bank & Trust Co.

Honors and Awards

1999 Legislator of the Year, N.C. College of Emergency Physicians; 1998 Legislator
of the Year, N.C. Association of Anesthesiologists; Myers-Honeycutt Award for
Excellence in Public Sen'ice.

Personal Information

Married, Louise Skeen Dockham. Two children. Member, Central United Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Insurance; Vice-Chair, Congressional Redistrictmg; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Education, Education
Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary Education, Financial
Institutions, Highway Safety and Law Enforcement.

522

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Ruth M. Easterling

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Fifty-Eighth Representative District: Portions
of Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Born in Gaffney, South Carolina, on December
1 26, 1910, to Benjamin Harrison and Lillie Mae
i Crawley Moss.

Educational Background

Centralized High School, Blacksburg, S.C,
1929; English, Math and History Limestone
College, 1932; Post-graduate studies in Business
Law, Personnel and Business Administration,
'Queens College.

Professional Background

; Semi-Retired, Assistant to the President, Radiator Specialty Co.

,Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1977-Present; Charlotte City Council, 1972-73.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

I Womens Forum of N.C; Business and Professional Women (National President,
'1970-71); League of Women Voters.

■ Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Ijoint Legislative Commission on Governmental Operations, 1991-94 and 1999-
12002; Human Resources Committee, Southern Legislative Conference, 1991-94;
Legislative Services Commission, 1987-88.

Honors and Awards

Honorary Doctor of Public Ser\ice, Limestone College, 1999; Honorary Doctor of
JLaws, UNC-Charlotte, 2001; 2000 Silver Medallion Award, Charlotte Region,
I National Conference for Community and Justice.

Personal Information

Member, First Baptist Church, Charlotte.

Committee Assignments

! Chair, Appropriations; Member, Children, Youth and Families, Pensions and
Retirement, Public Health, State Personnel.

523

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Rick Louis Eddins

Republican, Wake County

Sixty-Fifth Rcpicscntativc District: Portions of
Wake County

Early Years

Born m Raleigh, Wake County, on July 20,
1953, to Herbert L. and Flonnie Young Eddins.

Educational Background

Vaiden Whitley High School; ECPI, 1972.

Professional Background

Property Management and Retail Furniture
Business Owner.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

President, RolesviUe Business Association, 1993-94; National Management
Association; Secretary and Treasurer, Wake Cross Roads Lake, Inc.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board Member, Wake Taxpayers Association; John Locke Foundation; Board of
Directors, N.C. Victims Assistance Network.

Military Service

Armv National Guard.

Personal Information

Married to Sharon Long Eddins. Two children. Member, North Raleigh Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Finance, Legislative Redistricting, Transportation, Ways and
Means.

524

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Zeno L Edwards, Jr.

Democrat, Beaufort County

\Second Representative District: Portions of
iBeaujort, Craven, Hyde and Pitt counties

Early Years

Born in Washington, Beaufort County to Zeno
|Lester, Sr. and Lucinda Sizemore Edwards.

Educational Background

iWashington High School, Washington, 1944;
puke University, 1944 and 1946-48; D.D.S,
[University of Maryland School of Dentistry,
Il952.

Professional Background

'Retired Dentist.

Political Activities

;Member, N.C. House, 1993-96 and 1999-Present.

iBusiness/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Dental Association; N.C. Dental Association; N.C. Society of Dentistry
jfor Children.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

[Washington School Board.

Military Service

Petty Officer 3"' Class, Electronics, U.S. Navy, 1945-46; American Theater.

Honors and Awards

jCitizen of the Day, WNCT; FACD; Fellowship Academy General Dentistry.

Personal Information

Married to Rosemarie Wilson. Four children. Methodist.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Public Health; Vice-Chair, Health; Member, Education, Education

Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary Education, Finance, Pubhc

UtiUties.

525

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

J.Sam Ellis

Republican, Wake County

Fifteenth Repvesentalive District: Portions of
Wake County

Early Years

Born in Durham, Durham County, on April 30,
1955, to Sam L. and Betty Hickman ElUs.

Education

Sanford Central High School, Sanford, 1974.

Professional Background

Electrical Contractor, 7-Electric.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

Personal Information

Married Cindy A. Harrell Ellis. Three children. Christian.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Congressional
Redistricting, Judiciary 111, Local Government 1, State Personnel.

526

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Theresa H. Esposito

Republican, Forsyth County

Eighty-Eighth Representative District: Portions
of Forsyth County

Early Years

Born in Washington, D.C., on November 17,
1930, to H. Richard and Marie Theresa Burke
Harlow (both deceased).

Educational Background

I Saint CeciUas Academy, 1948; G.P.N. , National
Institute of Practical Nursing, 1957; Additional
Studies, Prince George Community College and
Salem College.

Professional Baclzground

Former Federal Government Employee.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1985-Present (Mmority Whip, N.C. House, 1990 and 1991-
92).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Officers' Wives Club, U.S. Air Force; Winston-Salem Tennis, Inc.; Amos Cottage
Guild, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

NCBH (Wake Forest University) Behavioral Health Board of Trustees; Public
Relations Chair, National Federation of Republican Women; Board of Directors,
Epilepsy Institute of North CaroHna.

Honors and Awards

2000, 1996 Legislator of the Year, Autism Society of North Carolina; 2000 Guardian
of Small Business, National Federation of Independent Businesses; 2000 Legislative
Award in the Area of Mental Retardation, SEAAMR.

Personal Information

Married, Brigadier General Alfred L. Esposito, U.S.A.F (Ret.). Three children. Seven
grandchildren. Member, St. Leo the Great Catholic Church, Winston Salem.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Mental Health; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee
on Health and Human Services, Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities,
Ethics, Judiciary III, Legislative Redistricting.

527

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Milton F. Fitch, Jr.

Democrat, Wilson County

Resigned, December 29, 2001

Seventieth Representative District: Portions oj
Edgecombe, Nash and Wilson counties

Early Years

Born in Wilson, Wilson County, on October 20,
1946, to Milton Frederick and Cora Whittcd
Fitch.

Education

C.H. Dardcn High School, 1964; B.S., N.C.
Central University, 1968; J.D., N.C. Central
Uni\'ersity School of Law, 1972.

Professional Background

Attorney.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1985-Present (Deputy House Minority
Leader, 1997-98).

Personal Information

Member, Jackson Chapel Baptist Church, Wilson.

528

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Stanley Harold Fox

Democrat, Granville County

Seventy -Eighth Representative District: Portions
of Granville, Vance and Warren counties

Early Years

jlBorn in Oxford, Granville County, on January 7,
il929, to Samuel H. and Minerva Berkowitz Fox.

Educational Background

|Oxford High School, 1945; Davidson College,
1 1945; B.S. m Commerce, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1949.

\ProJessional Background

President; Fox & Associates; Telfor Radio
Network; President, L & W Advertising; F-H-Y

[Properties.

[Political Activities

: Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present; Oxford City Council, five years; Mayor Pro-
|Tem of Oxiord, two years.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

; President, Granville County Chamber of Commerce; President, N.C. Merchants
I Association; President, Oxford Jaycees.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

; Member, Executive Board, Southern Regional Education Board, 1995-97.

: Honors and Awards

j Distinguished Service Award, Junior Chamber of Commerce; Outstanding Jaycee
I State Chairman Award; Kiwanis Citizenship Award.

Personal Information

Married, JoAnn Kousnetz Fox. Seven children. Member, Beth Meyer Synagogue.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic Resources; Member,
Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital,
Congressional Redistricting, Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities,
Judiciary III, Local Government II, Travel and Tourism.

529

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Pryor Allan Gibson

Democrat, Montgomery County

Thirty-Thud Representative District: Portions of
Anson, Montgomery and Stanly counties

Early Years

Born in Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, to Pryor and
Maiy Pharr Gibson.

Educational Background

Bowman High School, Wadesboro, 1975; Biology
and Chemistry, UNC-Wilmington, 1978; Engineering,
UNC-Charlotte; Management, N.C. State University

Professional Background

Business, Non-Profit Manager.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1989-91 and 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Economic Developers Association; NC CBl; NC FREE.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Tourism Commission; Chair, Environmental Review Commission; Chair,
State Employees Administrative Procedures..

Honors and Awards

1990 Guardian ol Small Business, National Federation ot Independent Businesses;
1989 Outstanding Young Democrat, Young Democrats of North Carolina; 1990
Educators Award, NCAE.

Personal Information

Married to Barbara Bargcr Gibson. Two children. Presbyterian.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Alcoholic Bex'erage Control, Environment and Natural Resources; Member,
Congressional Redistrictmg, Finance, Financial Institutions, Local Government I;
Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, Science and Technology, State
Government, Transportation.

530

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

'Robert Mitchell Gillespie

Republican, McDowell County

\Forty-Ninth Representative District: Portions
lof Burke, McDowell and Yancey counties

Early Years

i|Born in Marion, McDowell County, to Billy
iRobert and Helen Marie Loftis Gillespie.

Educational Background

McDowell High School, Marion, 1977; A.A.S.
|in Civil Engineering, Wake Technical
Community College, 1980.

Professional Background

jOwner, Gillespie Properties.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

[McDowell County Chamber of Commerce; Yancey County Chamber of Commerce;
; Pleasant Gardens Ruritan.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

jBoard of Trustees, McDowell Technical College; McDowell Economic Development
[Authority; Priority Council for Economic Development for McDowell County.

.Honors and Awards

fSelected for Spring, 1988, Class of Fellows of the N.C. Institute of Political
[Leadership.

\Personal Information

Married, Barbara Nell HoUiheld Gillespie. One step-child. Member, Pleasant Gardens
Baptist Church.

ICommittee Assignments

Member, Aging, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capitol,
Congressional Redistricting, Local Government 11, Mental Health, Transportation.

531

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

George Wayne Goodwin

Democrat, Richmond County

Thirty-Second Rcpicscntalivc District: Richmond
and Portions of Montgomoy and Scotland counties

Early Years

Born m Hamlet, Richmond County, North
Carolina on Februaiy 22, 1967, to George Craig
and Diane Riggan Goodwin.

Educational Background

Richmond Senior High School, Valedictorian,
Rockingham, 1985; B.A. with Honors m Political
Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1989; J.D., UNC-
Chapel Hill School of Law, 1992.

Professional Background

Attorney, Goodwin Law Ottices.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1997-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; Richmond County Chamber of Commerce; Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr., Celebration Steering Committee, Richmond County

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Joint Legislative Study Commission on Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities
and Substance Abuse; Joint Legislative Study Committee on Low-Level Radioacti\'e
Waste; Civil Litigation Study Commission.

Honors and Awards

John Motley Morehead Scholar, 1985-1989; N.C. Jaycees' Outstanding Young North
Carolinian, 1994; A+ Legislator Award, NCAE, 1997-98.

Personal Information

Married, Melanie Wade Goodwin. Member, First United Methodist Church of
Rockingham.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Judiciary 111; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Justice and Public Safety, Congressional Redistricting, Economic Growth and
Community Development, Education, Education Subcommittee on Community
Colleges, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Judiciary HI, Military Veterans
and Indian Affairs, University Board of Governors Nominating.

532

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

\N, Robert Grady

Republican, Onslow County

lightieth Representative District: Portions of
)nslow County

tarly Years

iporn in Jacksonville, Onslow County, on April
J30, 1950, to William R. and Minnie Hurst Grady.

Educational Background

ijacksonville Senior High; UNC-Chapel Hill;
Pampbell University.

Professional Background

jBusinessman.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1987-Present; Jacksonville City Council,
11981-87; Mayor Pro-Tern, City of Jacksonville, 1983-86.

Honors and Awards

(Distinguished Service Award, N.C. Association of Community College Trustees,
;1997; Distinguished Service Award, N.C. Association of Educators, 1996; PoUtical
Action Award, N.C. Victim Assistance Network, 1993.

^Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Insurance,
iLegislative Redistricting, Public Utilities.

533

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Lyons Gray

Republican, Forsyth County

Thiity-Ninlh Rcpycscnlalive Distiict: Poytkms
oj Forsyth County

Early Years

Born in Winston-Salem on October 28, 1942,
to Bowman, Jr., and Elizabeth Christian Gray.

Educational Background

Wooster School, Danbury, Connecticut, 1961;
University of North Carolina, 1966.

Professional Background

Businessman.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1989-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Director, Wmston-Salem Chamber of Commerce; Vice-Chair, Wmston-Salem Stale
University Foundation; Director, Pee DeeA'adkm River Basin Commission.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Vice-Chair, Wmston-Salem/Forsyth County Utilities Commission; Board of
Directors, Bowman Gray School of Medicine; Joint Legislative Education Oversiglit
Committee on Fiscal Trends and Budget Reform.

Honors and Awards

Governors Award, Legislator of the Year, N.C. Wildlife Federation, 1995; Chairman's
Award, N.C. Nature Conservancy, 1995; Guardian of Small Business Award, National
Federation of Independent Business, 1996.

Military Service

E-6, U.S. Coast Guard, 1964-65, U.S.; Theater, U.S., 1965-70.

Personal Information

Married, Constance Eraser Gray. Two children. Episcopalian.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Ethics; Member, Congressional Redistricting, Environment and Natural
Resources, Finance, Highway Safety, Judiciary I, Science and Technology, University
Board of Governors Nominating.

534

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Jim Gulley

Republican, Mecklenburg County

Sixty-Ninth Representative District: Portions of
Mecklenburg County

Early Years

:Born in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, on May 10,
1939, to Creighton Alexander and Mary Naomi Reid
Gulley

Educational Background

East Mecklenburg High School, 1957; A.A. in Electrical
Engineering, Charlotte College, 1961.

Professional Background

Retired..

Political Activities

iMember, N.C. House of Representatives, 1997-Present; Commissioner, Town of
[Matthews.

Business/Professional, Charitable /Civic or Community Service Organizations

iFormer Pop Warner Football Coach for MARA.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

JBoard of Directors, Matthews Volunteer Fire Department.

\Personal Information

(Married, Suzanne Hargett Gulley Two children. Four grandchildren. Member, First
'Baptist Church, Matthews.

'Committee Assignments

'Chair, Wildlife Resources; Vice-Chair, Legislative Redistricting; Member,
JAppropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Education,
(Education Subcommittee on Preschool, Elementary and Secondary Education,
[Environment and Natural Resources, Judiciary III, Rules, Calendar and Operations
,of the House, University Board of Governors Nominating.

535

■•>

^'**»^_

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Robert Phillip Haire

Democrat, Jackson County

Fifty-Second Representative District: Portions
of Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Madison and
Swain counties

Early Years

Born in Careua, WVa., to Herman E. and Pauline
Jackson Haire.

Educational Background

Beaver Creek High School, West Jefferson; B.A.
in History, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1958; J.D.,
UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1961.

Professional Background

Attorne\'.

Political Activities \

Member, N.C. House, 1999-Present. |

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association, N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers, Jackson County Historical i
Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Governors, University of North Carolina; Board of Trustees, Western
Carolina University; Advisoiy Council, Eastern Band of the Cherokee Nation.

Military Service

Captain, 64"^ ADC, U.S. Air Force, 1962-65.

Honors and Awards

Distinguished Service Award, Jackson County Youth Sports; Chair, N.C. Conference
of Bar Presidents; Distinguished Service Award, Jackson County Historical
Association.

Personal Information

Married, Constance MuUinnix Haire. Three children. Four grandchildren. Member,
First United Methodist Church of Svlva.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Justice and Public Safety; Vice-Chair,
Education Subcommittee on Universities, Judiciary II; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Education, Legislative Redistricting, Local j
Government II, University Board of Governors Nominating, Ways and N4eans.

536

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

John D.Hall

Democrat, Halifax County

Iseventh Representative District: Portions of

lEdgecombe, Halifax, Martin and Nash counties

Early Years

iiBorn in Tarboro, Edgecombe County, to John
land Marie Richardson Hall.

Educational Background

jScotland Neck High School, Scotland Neck,
[l975; Lenoir Community College.

[Professional Background

iRadio Station Owner, Sky City Communications.

Political Activities

'Member, N.C. House, 2000-Present; Halifax County Commissioner, Scotland Neck
ICity Council.

^Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

ITSIAACP; National Association of Black-Owned Broadcasters; NCAB.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

|Past Chair, Halifax County OSS.

Personal Information

Member, Shiloh Baptist Church of Scotland Neck.

'Committee Assignments

fVice-Chair, Insurance; Member, Alcohohc Beverage Control, Appropriations,

Appropriations Subcommittee on Justice and Pubhc Safety, Judiciary II.

537

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Michael Harrington

Republican, Gaston County

Seventy-Sixth Representative District: Portions
of Gaston and Mecklenburg counties

Early Years

Born in Tucson, Arizona, on Dec. 31, 1955, to
Gerald A. and Laura Black Harrington, Sr.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001 -Present.

Committees

Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee
on Information Technology, Financial
Institutions, Science and Technology.

538

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Robert J. Hensleyjr.

Democrat, Wake County

Sixty-Fourth Representative District: Portions of
Wake County

Early Years

I Born in Marion, McDowell County, on June 23,
J1947, to Robert J. and Lelia Wise Hensley, Sr.

Educational Background

;Cherryville High School, 1965; B.A. in History,
iUNC-Charlotte, 1969; Graduate Work for M.A.
jin Public Administration, N.C. State University,
11973; J. D., N.C. Central University, 1976.

Professional Background

Attorney and Partner, Hensley, Bousman, Cargill & Bryant, PL.L.C.

Political Activities

i Member, N.C. House, 1991-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; Wake County Academy of
Criminal Trial Lawyers.

{Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

[Board of Directors, White Plains Children's Center; Board of Directors, Yates Mill

I Restoration Project; Board of Directors, Rex Home Health Care.

[Honors and Awards

J. Albert House/Gordon Gray Award (North Carolina's Most Outstanding Young
Democrat), 1983.

^Personal Information

\ Married, Patricia E Grainger Hensley Three children. Member, First United Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, State Personnel; Vice-Chair, Alcoholic Beverage Control; Member,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Information Technology,
Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary
lEducation, Judiciary U, Local Government I, Pensions and Retirement, State
Government, Wildhfe Resources, University Board of Governors Nominating.

539

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William S. Hiatt

Republican, Surry County

Fortieth Representative District: Alleghany, Ashe,
Stokes, Surry and Watauga counties

Early Years

Born m Mt. Airy, Surry County, on February 15,
1932, to David L. and Ethel M. Puckett Hiatt.

Educational Background

Flat Rock High School, Mt. Airy, 1949; B.S. in
Physical Education, Brigham Young University,
1953; Vocational Certification, N.C. State
University, 1964; Post-Graduate Work on Masters
in Administration, Appalachian State University;
Government Executive Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1985.

Professional Background

President and Secretary, Hiatt & Mason Enterprises, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1973-74, 1981-82 and 1995-Present.

Business/Professioncd, Charitahlc/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Region 2, American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (President, 1989-
90; Vice-President, 1989; Treasurer, 1988; Secretary, 1987); American Legion.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Advisoiy Committee lor Family-Centered Senices, 2000-Present; Commission
on the Family, 1995; Co-Chair, Guardian Ad Litem Study Commission, 1997-98;
Co-Chair, Drivers License Med. Rev. Stud Commission, 1997.

Military Service

Spec-4, 2151 Headquarters, U.S. Army 1953-55; Reserves, Five Years.

Honors and Av^ards

Order of the Long- Leaf Pine, 1990; Citation of Meritorious Semce Governor Holshouser,
1973; Presidents Citation, Employaiient of the Handicapped, President Nixon.

Personal Information

Married, Rita R. Atkins Hiatt. Five children. Eleven grandchildren. Member, Church
of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation,
Children, Youth and Families, Education, Education Subcommittee on Preschool,
Elementary and Secondary Education, Legislative Redistrictmg, Military, Veterans
and Indian Affairs, Public Health, Wildlife Resources. I

540

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Dewey Lewis Hill

Democrat, Columbus County

Fourteenth Representative District: Portions of
Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover and
Robeson counties

Early Years

Born in Whiteville, Columbus County, on
August 31, 1925, to Otto and Alatha Ward Hill.

' Educational Background

^Whiteville High School, 1943.

! Professional Background

j President and CEO, Hillcrest Corp.

': Political Activities

I Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1993-
I Present.

[Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

'N.C. Food Dealers Association; N.C. Whiteville Chamber of Commerce; National

I Grocers Association.

^Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Director, Waccamaw Bank; President, Farmers Market of Columbus County; Director,
N.C. Retail Merchandise Association.

Military Service

'•storekeeper H.A.2 1st class. Fleet Marines, U.S. Navy, 1943-46.

\Honors and Awards

'1996 Grocer of the Year; 1996 Nash Finch Century Club Award; 1994 Columbus
County Child Care Award.

Personal Information

Married, Muriel Ezzell Hill. Two children. Five grandchildren. Member, First Baptist
Church of Whiteville.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Agriculture; Vice-Chair, Congressional Redistrictmg, Finance; Member,
Environment and Natural Resources, Finance, Local Government I, Rules, Calendar,
md Operations of the House, Transportation.

541

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Mark Kelly Hilton

Republican, Catawba County

Forty -Fifth Representative Distriet: Portions of
Catawha, Lincoln and Gaslon counties

Early Years

Born in Valdese, Burke Counly, on April 18, 1966,
10 Tony and Carolyn Warren Hilion.

Educational Background

St. Stephens High School, Hickory, 1985.

Professional Background

Vice-President of Sales, Tech 5 Corporation.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 2000-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Children's Sunday School Teacher, Oxford Baptist Church; Hickory Kiwanis.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Catawba County Young Republicans.

Personal Information

Member, Oxford Baptist Church of Conover.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Information
Technology, Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities, Science and
Technology.

542

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

L HughHolliman

Democrat, Davidson County

\Thirty -Seventh Representative District:
iDavidson County

Political Activities

;Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 2001-
Present

Lommittee Assignments

|\^ice-Chair, Economic Growth and Community
Development; Member, Finance, Mental Health,
Transportation.

543

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

George Milton Holmes

Republican, Yadkin County

Forty-First Representative District: Wilkes,
Yadkin and Portions oj Alexander counties

Early Years

Born 111 Mt. Airy, Surry County on June 20, 1929,
to John William and Thelma Elizabeth Dobie
Holmes.

Educational Background

Western High School, Washington, D.C.;
Appalachian State University 1954.

Professional Background

President, Holmes and Associates.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1975-76 and 1979-Present (Minority Whip,
N.C, House, 1981-82; Minority Party Joint Caucus Leader, 1983-841

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Yadkm Masonic Lodge 162, A.E & A. M.; Winston-Salem Consistory of Scottish
Rite, 32nd Degree; Shriner, Oasis Temple.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Governors Crime Study Commission, 1976; Fire and Casualty Rate Study
Commission, 1976; Board of Directors, First Union National Bank, Yadkinville.

Personal Information

Married, Barbara Ann Ireland Holmes. One child. Three grandchildren. Member,
Flat Rock Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Education Subcommittee on Universities; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Appropriations Subcommittee on
Education, Education, Ethics, Judiciary III, Legislative Redistrictmg, Public Utilities,
Slate Government, University Board of Governors Nominating.

544

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Julia Craven Howard

Republican, Davie County

Seventy-Fourth Representative District: Portions of
Davidson and Davie counties

Early Years

iBorn in Salisbury, Rowan County, on August 20,
* 1944, to Allen Leary and Ruth Elizabeth Snider
Craven.

Educational Background

j Davie High School, Mocksville, 1962; Salem College.

\Professional Background

I Realtor/Appraiser, Howard Realty & Insurance, Inc.

Political Activities

jMember, N.C. House of Representatives, 1988-Present (Former Majority House
[whip; Former Minority House Whip); Member, Mocksville Town Board, 1981-
[88.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

[American Legislative Exchange Council; State Director, Women m Government;
IRepublican State Executive Committee.

Honors and Awards

'2002 Citizenship Award, Mocksville Women's Club; 2001 Paul Harris Fellow.

Personal Information

'Two children. Six grandchildren. Member, Fu'st United Methodist of Mocksville.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Financial
institutions. Health.

545

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Howard J. Hunter, Jr.

Democrat, Northampton County

Fifth Representative District: Gates,
Northampton and Portions of Bertie and
Hertford counties

Early Years

Born in Washington, D.C., on December 16,
1946, to Howard and Madge Waiford Hunter, Sr.

Educational Background

C. S. Brown High School, 1964; M.S., North
Carohna Central University, 1971.

Professional Background

Vice-President, Director and Partner/Owner,
Hunters Funeral Home, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1989-Present; Hertford County Commissioner, 1978-88.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Life Member, Ahoskie Alumni Chapter, Kappa Alpha Psi; N.C. Funeral Home
Association; N.C. Central University Alumni Association CPresident, Hertlord
County Chapter, 1971).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Past Chair, N.C. Black Legislative Caucus; President, Board of Directors, Hertford
County United Way; Hertford County Chapter, Water Safet)' Commission.

Honors and Awards

Outstanding Young Man of America; Distinguished Service, Murfreesboro Jaycees;
Outstanding Citizen in N.C. in Human Relations.

Personal Information

Married, Vivian Flythe Hunter. Two children. Member, First Baptist Church,
Murfreesboro.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Children, Youth and Families; Member, Alcoholic Beverage Control, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Fconomic Resources, Economic Growth
and Community Development, Health, Insurance, Travel and Tounsm.

546

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

John W. Hurley

Democrat, Cumberland County

Eighteenth Representative District: Portions of
Cumberland County

Early Years

Born in Murfreesboro, Hertford County, on June
22, 1933, to J.B. and Daisy Fuqua Hurley

Educational Background

Littleton High School, 1951; UNC-Chapel Hill,
1951-55; Louisburg College, 1952-53; CLU,
American College, 1976.

Professional Background

President and Founder, Olde Fayetteville
Insurance & Financial Services, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1989-1992 and 1995-Present; Mayor, City of Fayetteville,
1981-1987; Member, Fayetteville City Council, 1977-1981.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Fayetteville Association of Life Underwriters (President, 1963); MDRT; CLU Society.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Visitors, UNC; Fayetteville Technical Community College Foundation;

: Board of Directors, Fayetteville Chapter, International Association of Life

■Underwriters (President, 1963).

{Honors and Awards

Realtors Cup Award, 1985; E. J. Wells Cup, 1978; Life Member, Jaycees, 1970;

Recipient, MedalUon for Public Service Contribution, Methodist College.

iPersonal Information

Married, Sandra Huggins Hurley. Three children. Seven grandchildren. Member,
Haymount United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Insurance, MiUtary Veterans and Indian Affairs; Vice-Chair, Local Government
II; Member, Congressional Redistricting, Ethics, Finance, Public Utilities.

547

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Veria Clemens Insko

Democrat, Orange County

Twenty-Fourth Representative District: Portions
of Chatham and Orange counties

Early Years

Born in Decalur, Arkansas, on February 5, 1936,
to Charles Verne and Leta Trook Clemens.

Educational Background

Thomas Downey High School, Modesto,
CaUfornia, 1954; A.B. m Biology, Cahfornia State
University at Fresno, 1959; M.P.A., UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1993.

Professional Background

Retired Health Care Administrator.

Political Activities

Member. N.C. House, 1997-present; Member, Orange County Board of
Commissioners, 1990-1994; Member, Chapel HiU-Carrboro Board of Education,
1977-1985; Chair, Orange Water and Sewer Authority Board, 1989-1990.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Society for Training and Developing (ASTD); Association tor Psychological
Type (APT); Facilitation and Organizational Development Group.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Global Center; Foundation for Community-Based Care; UNC-CH Board of
Visitors; Governors Advisory Council on Sickle Cell Disease.

Honors and Awards

2000 and 2001 Legislator of the Year Award, National Alliance for the Mentally 111;

2001 Dorothea Dix Spirit Award, N.C. Mental Health Consumers Association; 2001
Legislative Award, UCP of North Carolina.

Personal Information

Married, Chester (Chet) Insko. Two children. Two grandchild. Member, Binkley
Baptist Church, Chapel Hill.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Aging, Education Subcommittee on Universities; Vice-Chair, Mental Health;
Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Human
Services, Education, Environment and Natural Resources, Health, Judiciaiy l.

548

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Mary Long Jarrell

Democrat, Guilford County

'Eighty -Ninth Representative District: Portions
' of Guilford County

\ Early Years

jBorn in Winston-Salem, Forsyth County, on
JFebruary 16, 1929, to David Allison, Jr., and
Jennie Mae Fife Long.

Educational Background

! Fairfax Hall High School, Waynesboro, Virginia,
J1947; A.B. in EngHsh and Education, Queens
(College, 1951.

,Professional Background

fFormer Teacher.

Political Activities

JMember, N.C. House, 1983-84, 1987-88, 1991-94, 1997-Present; High Point
icity Council, 1977-81 (Mayor Pro-Tern, 1977-79).

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

[American Association of University Women; Chamber of Commerce; Former
SPresident, YWCA.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

[State Capitol Society; Joint Legislative Commission on Governmental Operations;
iFormer Vice-President, High Point Historical Society.

Honors and Awards

loyce Award, High Point Historical Society; Enterprise High Pointer of the Week;
jfWCA Women of Distinction Award; Jane Patterson Leadership Award.

Personal Information

Vlarried, Dr. Harold T. Jarrell. Two children. Four grandchildren. Member, High
^oint Friends.

.ommittee Assignments

^hair, Local Government II, State Government; Vice-Chair, Finance; Member,
^Congressional Redistricting, Judiciary II, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the
"Touse.

549

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Margaret A. Jeffus

Democrat, Guilford County

Eighty-Ninth Representative District: Portions of
Guilford County

Early Years

Born in Roanoke, Virginia, on October 22, 1934, to
Edward S. and Alyne B. Bowles Green.

Educational Background

Greensboro Senior High School, 1952; B.A. m
Education, Guilford College, 1965; M.Ed., UNC-
Greensboro, 1970; Selected for Phase 1 Leadership
Training, Smith Richardson Foundation; Attended
Model Development Reading School; Selected as
Satellite Teacher.

Professional Background

Retired Educator Grcensboro/Guilford County Schools.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1990-94, 1996-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Sei-\ice Organizations

Past President, Altrusa International of Greensboro; Member, Phi Delta Kappa (Triad
Chapter); Past District President and Past Local Unit President, N.C. Association of
Educators (NCAE).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Board of Directors, UNC-Greensboro Musical Arts Guild, 1995-99;
Advisory Board, Fun Fourth festival, 1995-Present; Board of Directors, NCAE
Foundation for Public School Children, 1999-Present.

Honors and Awards

1998 Legislator of the Year, N.C. Coalition Against Sexual Assault; 1997-98
Outstanding Teacher of the Year, Phi Delta Kappa; 2000 Elinor Swaim Distinguished
Service Award.

Personal Information

Married, Ted J. Thompson. Two children. Three grandchildren. Member, Starmount
Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on General Government; Vice-Chair,
Education; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital,
Children, Youth and Families, Judiciary II, Travel and Tourism.

550

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Linda P.Johnson

Republican, Cabarrus County

iNinetieth Representative District: Cabarrus
bounty

rofessional Background

, Computer Analyst/Tax Accounting.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001 -Present.

\'Committee Assignments

[viember. Children, Youth and FamiUes, Education,
[education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary
[ind Secondary Education, Einance, Insurance, Science and Technology.

551

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Larry Thomas Justus

Republican, Henderson County

Fiftieth Representative District: Portions oj
Henderson and Polk counties

Early Years

Born in Hcndersonvillc, Henderson County, on
April 30, 1932, lo Brownlovv and Helen Stepp
Justus (deceased).

Educational Background

Dana High School, 1950; UNC-Chapel Hill, 1954;
Navigation Flight School, Squadron Officers
School, Defense Preparedness Stait College, Nuclear
and Chemical Warfare School, Hazardous Waste
and Spill Schools, U.S. Air Force.

P rofes sional Bac kgro u n d

Retired Businessman.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1985-Present; Member, Henderson County Board of Elections
(three terms).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Legion; VFW; AARP.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board ot Directors, Vagabond School of Drama; Former National Board Member,
Alliance tor the Handicapped; Henderson County Emergency Preparedness Board..

Military Service

Lieutenant Colonel (ret.), U.S. Air Force, 1954-1982. Navigator, Sc[uadron
Commander, Executive Ofhcer, Disaster Preparedness Officer, Information Officer,
Protocol Ofhcer; Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, Presidential Unit
Citation, Combat Readiness Ribbon, National Defense, Vietnam Service Ribbon,
Reser\'c and Expert Marksman Medals.

Personal Information

Married, Carolyn King Justus. Four children. Two grandchildren. Refuge Baptist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Legislative Redistricting; Vice-Chair, Redistricting; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Capitol, Appropriations Subcommittee on Justice
and Public Safety, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Health, Insurance,
Judiciary 11, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, University Board of
Governors Nominating.

552

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Joe Leonard Kiser

Republican, Lincoln County

Forty-Fifth Representative District: Portions of
Catawba, Gaston and Lincoln counties

Early Years

Born m Lmcolnton, Lincoln County, on August
20, 1933, to Fitzhugh and Lorene Goodnight
Kiser.

Educational Background

Union High School, Lincoln County, 1951; B.S.
in Physics, Lenoir-Rhyne College, 1954.

Professional Background

Former Sheriff, Lincoln County Sheriffs

Department, 1989-94; Sixteen Years Engaged in

Farming and Operating Kisers Agricultural Supply; Eighteen Years High School

Teacher and Coach.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present; Lincoln County Sheriff, 1989-94; Vice-Chair,
Lincoln County Board of Commissioners, 1986-89.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Governors Commission on Crime and Punishment, 1990-91; Lincoln County
Board of Social Services, 1986-89; Governors Crime Commission, 1987-89.

Honors and Awards

Lincoln County Law Enforcement Officer of the Year, 1994; Lincoln County
Republican of the Year, 1986.

Personal Information

Married, Earlene Self Kiser (deceased). One child. Member, Palm Tree United
Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Highway Safety and Law Enforcement; Member, Agriculture, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Appropriations Subcommittee on Justice
and Public Safety, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Judiciary III,
Legislative Redistricting, Local Government I, State Personnel.

553

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Marvin W.Lucas

Democrat, Cumberland County

Forty-Second Representative District: Por-
tions of Cumberland County

Early Years

Born in Spring Lake, Cumberland County, on
November 15, 1941, to Mar\'m L. and Rebecca
McDougald Lucas.

Educational Background

Anne Chesnutt High School, Fayette\ille, 1960;
B.S. In EngUsh, Fayetteville State University,
1964; M.A. in Education Administration,
North CaroHna Central University, 1975; Ed.
S. m Administration, East Carolina University,
1977.

Professional Background

Retired Principal, Cumberland County Schools.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001-Present; Mayor, Town of Spring Lake, 1997-2001;
Alderman, Town of Spring Lake, 1977-97.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Association of Educators; Cape Fear Chapter, 100 Black Men of America;
Kiwanis Club of Spring Lake.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Centura Bank; Board of Trustees, Bethel AME Zion Church.

Honors and Awards

1998 Order of the Long Leaf Pine; Cumberland County Secondaiy Principal ol the
Year, 1987; Cumberland County Elementary Principal of the Year, 1977.

Personal Information

Married, Brenda Ricks Lucas. Three children. Seven grandchildren. Member, Bethel
AME Zion Church.

Committee Assignments

\Tce-Chair, Military, Veteran and Indian Affairs; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on General Government, Education, Education
Subcommittee on Pre -School, Elementaiy and Secondaiy Education, Mental Health,
Transportation, Wildlife Resources.

554

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Paul Luebke

Democrat, Durham County

Twenty-Third Representative District: Portions
of Durham County

Early Years

Born m Chicago, Illinois, on January 18, 1946,
to Paul T. and Eunice Elbert Luebke.

Educational Background

Germany Embassy School, Ankara, Turkey, 1959-
62; B.A., Valparaiso University, 1966; Ph.D.,
Columbia University, 1975.

Professional Background

Associate Professor of Sociology, UNC-
Greensboro, 1982-Present.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1991-Present.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board Member, Raleigh-Durham International Airport Authority, 1987-91; Member,
Board of Editors, Perspectives on the American South: An Annual Review of Society,
Politics and Culture; Member, Board of Editors, Research in Political Sociology.

Personal Information

Married to Carol Gallione. Two children.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Finance; Vice-Chair, State Government; Member, Election Law and Campaign
Finance Reform, Environment and Natural Resources, Legislative Redistricting,
Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, Transportation.

555

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Mary E. McAllister

Democrat, Cumberland County

Seventeenth Representative District: Portions
of Cumberland County

Early Years

Born in Johns Slaiion, Scotland County, on
April 20, 1937, to Alexander and Mar)' Benton
McLaurin.

Educational Background

E.E. Smith Senior High School, Fayetteville,
1954; B.S. in Elementary Education, Fayetteville
State University, 1958; M.S. Education
Administration and Super\'ision, East Carolina
University; New York University, N.Y;
Childhood Education, Wayne State University Michigan.

Professional Background

Executive Director, Operation Sickle Cell, Inc., Fayetteville, 1975-Present; Educator,
Fayetteville City Schools, Cumberland County Schools, Harnett County Schools,
Warren County Schools and Detroit Public Schools, Michigan.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1991 -Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member, National Institute of Health Review Panel; National Association ot Black
County Officials; Past Chair, N.C. State Governors Council on Sickle Cell S\-ndrome.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Mount Smai Foundation (Mt. Smai Homes); Z. Smith Reynolds Advisory Panel;
The Rural Center Board of Directors.

Honors and Awards

Human Relations Award, City of Fayetteville; The Fannie Black Award, Business
and Professional Women's Club, Fayetteville; N.A.FE.O. Award for Outstanding
Fayetteville State University Alumni.

Personal Information

Married to Freddie D. McAllister. Two children. Member, Mount Smai Baptist Church,
Fayetteville.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Financial Institutions, Local Government I, Public Health; Member,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Children, Youth
and Families, Militarv, Veteran and Indian Affairs.

556

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Daniel Francis McComas

Republican, New Hanover
County

Thirteenth Representative District: Portions of
New Hanover County

Early Years

Bom in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on May 26, 1953,
to Hugh G. and Nilda Miro (deceased)
McComas.

Educational Background

Perpetuo Socorro High School, San Juan, Puerto
Rico, 1972; B.B.A. in Finance, St. Bonaventure
University, 1976.

Professional Background

President, MCO Transport, Inc., 1985-Present.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board of Dn-ectors, N.C. Trucking Association; American Trucking Association;
World Trade Center of North Carolina.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Coastal Entrepreneurial Council; Board of Directors, Coastal
Land Trust; Governors Task Force on the Film Industry.

Military Service

U.S. Merchant Marine, 1971-76.

Honors and Awards

1998 Razor Walker Award, UNC-Wilmington School of Education; 1997
Convention and Visitors Bureau Avv^ard.

Personal Information

Married, Betty Garcia McComas. Two children. Member, St. Therese Catholic Church,
Wrightsville Beach.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Environment and Natural Resources; Vice-Chair, Legislative Redistricting,
PubUc Utilities; Member, Finance, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House,
Transportation, University Board of Governors Nominating.

557

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Willard Eugene McCombs

Republican, Rowan County

Eighty-Thiyd Representative District: Portions of
Rowan County

Early Years

Born in Faith, Rowan County, on June 16, 1925,
to Junius Ray and Ethel Irene Peeler McCombs.

Educational Background

Granite Quarry High School, 1942; Catawba
College.

Professional Background

Retired Merchant.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present; Rowan County Commissioner, 1966-76;
Chairman, Rowan County Commissioners Office, 1981-82; Faith Town Board,
1948-61 {Uayow 1959-61).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Life Member, Faith Jaycees; Faith Civitan Club; Faith American Legion Post 327.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Rowan County Board of Health (Ten Years); Governors Appointee, Law &
Order Commission; Board of Human Resources.

Military Service

PFC, 31st Infantry, U.S. Army, 1943-1946.

Honors and Awards

Distinguished Service Award, Faith Jaycees; Faith Ci\'itan Man of the Year (twice);
Outstanding Service Award, Rowan Chamber of Commerce.

Personal Information

Married, Jean Fisher McCombs. Two children. Four grandchildren. Member, Shiloh
United Church of Christ.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Pensions and Retirement; Member, Congressional Redistricting,
Education, Education Subcommitee on Community Colleges, Environment and
Natural Resources, Finance, Public Utilities, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the
House.

558

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Marian Nelson McLawhorn

Democrat, Pitt County

Ninth Representative District: Portions of Greene
and Pitt counties

Early Years

Born in Kinston, Lenoir County, to Richard Alonza
and Murle Chapman Harv^ey Nelson.

Educational Background

Grifton High School, Grifton, 1961; B.S. m
Business Administration, East Carolina University,
1967; Masters in Library Science, ECU, 1988;
Education Leadership and Supervision
Certification, ECU, 1997.

Professional Background

Media

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House 1999-Present; Mayor, Town of Grifton, 1997-98;
Commissioner, Town of Grifton, 1992-97.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Business and Professional Women; N.C. Association of Educators; NC CBL

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Sheppard Memorial Library Board, 1990-96 (Chair, 1993-95);
Board of Directors, Grifton Civic Center Board, 1993-97 (Chair, 1994-96); Board
of Directors, Grifton Library, 1990-92.

Honors and Awards

1999 Career Woman of the Year, BPW; Library Champion Award, N.C. Pubhc
Library Directors Association; 1995 and 1998 Educator SpotUght Award, Craven
County.

Personal Information

Married to Richard Herman McLawhorn, 111; Four children. Three grandchildren;
Member, Grifton United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Cultural Resources, Education,
Environment and Natural Resources, Financial Institutions, Legislative Redistricting,
Transportation, University Board of Governors Nominating.

559

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William Edwin McMahan

Republican, Mecklenburg County

Fijty-Fijth Representative Distriet: Portions of
Meehlenhurg County

Early Years

Born in Asheville, Buncombe County, on Augusl
13, 1944, 10 Carmon Houston and Julia Lenora
Frady McMahan.

Educational Background

Lee H. Edwards High School, Asheville, 1962;
B.S. m Industrial Relations, UNC-Chapel Hill,
1966.

Professional Background

Vice-Chair, Little & Associates Architects.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House 1994-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Representative, Southern Regional Economic Development; Lay Leader, St.
Marks Lutheran Church; LJNC Alumni Board.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board ol Directors, Chamber of Commerce; Past Chair, Charlotte Zoning Board of
Adjustment; N.C. Study Commission on Electric Deregulation.

Military Service

N.C. National Guard.

Honors and Awards

200 Mint Museum Spirit Award; 1999 Distinguished Service Award, N.C. AIA;
Distinguished Leadership Award, N.C. Planning Association.

Personal Information

Married, Evangeline Houser McMahan. Three children. One grandchild. Member,
St. Marks Lutheran Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Congressional Redistrictmg; Member, Alcoholic Beverage Control, Education,
Education Subcommittee on Universities, Emance, Einancial Institutions, Rules,
Calendar and Operations of the House, University Board of Governors Nominating,
Ways and Means.

560

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Henry M.Michaux, Jr.

Democrat, Durham County

Twenty-Third Representative District: Portions
of Durham County

Early Years

Born in Durham on September 4, 1930, to Henry
McKinley and Isadore Coates Michaux, Sr.

Educational Background

Palmer Memorial Institute, 1948; B.S., N.C.
Central University, 1952; J.D., N.C. Central
University School of Law, 1964; Graduate Studies,
Rutgers University and N.C. Central University.

Professional Background

Attorney; Executive-Vice President and Director: Union Insurance and Realty
Company.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1973-77 and 1985-Present. United States
Attorney Middle District of N.C, 1977-1981.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. State and National Bar Associations; N.C. Association of Black Lawyers; George
H. White Bar Association.

Military Service

Sgt., U.S. Army 1952-54; Reserves, 1954-60.

Honors and Awards

Honorary Doctor of Law, N.C. Central University and Durham College.

Personal Information

Married, June W. Michaux. Two children. Member, St. Josephs AME Church,
Durham.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Judiciary 111; Member,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Congressional
Redistricting, Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities, Financial
Institutions, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House, Ways and Means.

561

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Paul Miller

Democrat, Durham County

Twenty-Third Representative District: Portions oj
Durham County

Professional Background

Computer Consullani.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001-Present.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Science and Technology; Member,

Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on

hiformation Technology, Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School,

Elementar)' and Secondar)' Education, Financial Institutions Judiciary II.

562

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

David Morris Miner

Republican, Wake County

Sixty-Second Representative District: Portions of
Wake County

Early Years

Born in Johnson City, Tennessee, on December
23, 1962, to Morris Miner and Shirley Asher Miner.

Educational Background

Fuquay-Varina High School, 1981; B.B.A.,
Campbell University, 1989.

Professional Background

Sales, The Management Group (Textiles).

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Cary Chamber of Commerce; Chair, Americans for a Balanced Budget, 1989-Present.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Capital Planning Commission, 1995-Present; Joint Select Com.mittee on Low-
Level Radioactive Waste, 1993-Present; N.C. Rail Council, 1995-Present.

Personal Information

Member, Fuquay-Varina Baptist

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Congressional
Redistricting, Cultural Resources, Environment and Natural Resources, Judiciary
11, Legislative Redistricting.

563

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Richard Timothy Morgan

Republican, Moore County

Thiity-Fiyst Representative Distiiet: Poitions
of Moore County

Early Years

Born in Southern Pines, Moore County, on
Jul)' 12, 1952, to Alexander and Mary
Katherine Grain Morgan.

Educational Background

Pinecrest High School, 1970; A. A. with honors
in Liberal Arts, Sandhills Community College,
1972; B.A. m Political Science, UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1974

Professional Background j

Owner, Richard T, Morgan & Associates and The Morgan Group. \

Political Activities i

Member, N.C. House, 1996-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations \

Director, Garolmas Association of Professional insurance Agents; Independent
Insurance Agents Association of N.C; Sandhills Association of Life Underwriters.|

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, First Moore County Drug Task Force; Member, Moore County Drug Task
Force; Chair, Moore County Insurance Review Committee.

Honors and Awards

Outstanding Young Men m North Carolina, 1991; Distinguished Service Award,
1991; Outstanding Young Men m America, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980 and 1981
editions.

Personal Information

Married, Cynthia Sue Richardson. Member, Community Presbyterian Church of
Pinehurst.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Financial Institutions; Vice-Chair, Legislative Redistricting; Member,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Cultural Resources,
Education, Education Subcommittee on Universities, Ethics, Finance, Pensions and
Retirement, Redistricting, Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House.

564

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Amelia A.H. Morris

Republican, Cumberland County

Eighteenth Representative District: Portions of
Cumberland County

Early Years

Bom in Ibadan, Nigeria, on February 13, 1965,
to Jeremy Thomas and Roseanne Elizabeth
Thomas Harrison.

Educational Background

J! Presentation High School, San Francisco, 1982;
JB.A. in French and Philosophy University of San
Francisco, 1986; FayetteviUe State University

Professional Background

Militar)' Spouse.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1996-Present.

•Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

i| FayetteviUe Chamber of Commerce; Boys & Girls Clubs of Cumberland County;
j March of Dimes.

lElective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board Member, 1991 Fellow, NC Institute of Political Leadership; Dogwood Festival
j Committee; FayetteviUe Republican Women.

{Honors and Awards

^ Young Careerist; Who's Who in America; Young Republican Woman of the Year;
Fellow, N.C. Institute of Pohtical Leadership.

Personal Information

Married, William H. Morris. Member, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Economic Growth and Community Development; Member, Alcoholic
Beverage Control, Children, Youth and Families, Congressional Redistricting,
Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Finance, Military Veterans and Indian
[Affairs, Ways and Means.

565

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Martin Luther Nesbitt, Jr.

Democrat, Buncombe County

Fifty -First Representative District: Portions of
Buncombe County

Early Years

Born in Asheville, Buncombe County, on September
25, 1946, to Martin L., Sr., and Mary Cordell Nesbitt.

Educational Background

Reynolds High School, 1964; B.A., UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1970; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law,
1973.

Professional Background \

Attorney At Law.

Political Activities i

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1979-94 and 1997-Present; Buncombej

Countv Board of Education, 1977-79. ;

i
Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Buncombe County Bar Association; N.C. Bar Association; N.C. Academy of Trial.

Lawyers.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, N.C. Center for Nursing Advisory Council, 1991-92 and 1997-98; Chair,
Asheville Communities in Schools, 1995-96; Advisor}' Board, Alliance of Business
Leaders and Educators, 1992-93.

Honors and Awards

2001 Blue Skies Award, American Lung Association of North Carolina; 2001
Certificate ot Appreciation, Covenant with North Carolina's Children; Co-Recipient,
Legislator of the Year Award, Sierra Club.

Personal Information

Married, Deanne Seller Nesbitt. Two children. Member, St. Lukes Episcopal Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Election Law and Campaign Einance Retorm, Judiciary I, Travel and
Tourism; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital,
Congressional Redistricting.

566

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Edd Nye

Democrat, Bladen County

Ninety-Sixth Representative District: Bladen
and Portions oj Cumberland, New Hanover,
Pender and Sampson counties

Early Year

Born in Gulf, Chatham County, to Joseph Burke
and Vera Johnson Nye.

I Educational Background

i Clarkton High School; A. A., Southeastern

Community College, 1965-69; N.C. State

University 1970-73.

i Professional Background

j| Insurance Executive.

[Political Activities

I Member, N.C. House, 1977-82, 1985-Present; Member, N.C. Senate, 1975-76.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

I Elizabethtovv'n Chamber of Commerce; Bladen Masonic Lodge; Former Member,

Jaycees and Lions Club.

■

\Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

I Former Trustee, Bladen Technical College; Former Trustee, Southeast Area Mental
(Health; Former President, Southeast Shelter Workshop.

1 Military Service

j Served, U.S. Air Force.

Personal Information

Married, Peggy McKee Nye. Three children. Member, EUzabethtown Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

j Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Human Services; Member,
Agriculture, Appropriations, Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School,
Elementary and Secondary Education, Health, Legislative Redistricting,
Transportation, Ways and Means.

567

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Warren Claude Oldham

Democrat, Forsyth County

Sixty-Seventh Representative District: Portions
of Forsyth County

Early Years

Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on March 10,
1926, 10 Philander and Mmia Ann Smiih
Oldham,

Educational Background

Crispus Attucks High School, Indianapolis,
Indiana, 1944; B.S. m Secondary Education,
Bluefield State College, 1951; M.S. m Health,
Physical Education and Recreation, West Virginia
University, 1958.

Professional Background

Retired Educator, Winston-Salem State University

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1991-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

NAACP; Winston Lake YMCA; American Legion Post 220..

Military Service

U.S. Naxy 5 1/C, 1944-46, Pacific.

Personal Information

Married, Gladys Dandridge Oldham. Two children. Member, United Metropolitan
Missionary Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations, University Board of Governors Nominating; Member,
Education, Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges, Legislative
Redistrictmg, Pensions and Retirement, State Personnel, Ways and Means.

568

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

William Clarence Owens, Jr.

Democrat, Pasquotank County

First Representative District: Camden,
Currituck, Pasquotank and Portions of
Perquimans counties

Early Years

Born in Elizabeth City, Pasquotank County, on
April 2, 1947, to William C. and Hazel Marie
Markham Owens.

Educational Background

Elizabeth City High School, 1965; College of
the Albemarle, 1965-67.

Professional Background

Businessman.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present; Pasquotank County Board of Commissioners,
1976-95.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Elizabeth City Rotary Club; Elizabeth City Area United Way; Pasquotank County
Chapter, American Red Cross.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board Member, Elizabeth City Area Chamber of Commerce, 1991-95; Board Member
(1981-98) and Past Chair, Centura Bank, Elizabeth City; Board Member (1978-94)
and Past Chair, Elizabeth City-Pasquotank Industrial Development Commission.

Military Service

Staff Sgt., Company C, 1st Battalion, 119th Mechanized Infantry, N.C. National
Guard, 1967-92; Major, N.C. Militia, 1992-Present; N.C. Meritorious Service Award.

Honors and Awards

1993 County Commissioner of the Year; 1993 Pasquotank County Industrialist of
the Year; 1980 VFW Citizen of the Year.

Personal Information

Married to Cynthia L. Dail Owens of Elizabeth City on November 22, 1985. Two
children. One grandchild. Member, Blackwell Memorial Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic Resources; Vice-
Chair, Appropriations; Member, Agriculture, Education, Education Subcommittee
on Universities, Legislative Redistricting, Local Government II, State Government,
Travel and Tourism.

569

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

James Arthur Pope

Republican, Wake County

Sixty-Fiist Representative Distriet: Wake County

Appointed on April 13, 1999

Early Years

Born in Fayetteville, Cumberland County, on May
5, 1956, to John W. and Joyce Wilkens Pope.

Educational Background

Asheville School, 1974; B.A. with honors, UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1978; J. D., Duke University School
of Law, 1981.

Professional Background

Businessman and Attorney.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1988-91 and 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahlc/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. State Bar; N.C. Bar Association; Wake County Bar Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

State Goals and Policy Board, 1985-89; Board of Directors, Institute ol Humane
Studies, George Mason University; Board of Directors, John Locke Foundation.

Personal Information

Married, Katherine Kieth Pope. Three children. Member, White Memorial Presbyterian
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Children, Youth and Famihes, Congressional Redistricting, Education,
Education Subcommittee on Pre-Schoo, Elementary and Secondary Education,
Finance, Judiciary II, Ways and Means.

570

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Jean Rouse Preston

Republican, Carteret County

Fourth Representative District: Carteret and
Portions of Onslow counties

Early Years

Born m Snow Hill, Greene County, to Marvin
Wayne and Emma Mae Kearney Rouse.

Educational Background

Snow Hill High School, 1953; Flora McDonald
College, 1953-55; B.S. in Business Education,
East Carolina University, 1957; M.A. in
Education, East Carolina University, 1973;
Certificate, Public Manager Program, N.C. State
Personnel Development Center, 1989.

Professional Background

Retired, DHR/DPl.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Legislative Exchange Council, 1994-Present; Carteret County Chamber
of Commerce, 1995-Present; Onslow County Chamber of Commerce, 1995-Present.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Core Sound Waterfowl Museum, 1995-Present; Board of
Directors, Public School Forum, 1995-98; N.C. School Improvement Panel, 1998-
Present.

Honors and Awards

1998 Service Award, N.C. Association for the Gifted and Talented; 1994 World
Who's Who of Women; 1993 N.C. Association of Fisheries Award.

Personal Information

Widow. Two children. Two grandchildren. Member, Cape Carteret Presbyterian
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Environment
and Natural Resources, Public Health, State Government, Travel and Tourism.

571

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

John M. Rayfield

Republican, Gaston County

NineLy-Ninih Representative District: Portions
of Gaston and McckJenhuro^ counties

Early Years

Born February 11, 1926, in Belmont, Gaston
County, to John Bruce and Bertha Robinson
Rayfield.

Educational Background

Belmont High School, 1944; Attended Belmont
Abbey, Gastoii College and LaSalle Extension

University.

Professional Background

Distribution Manager for Homelite; Director of Textron (35 years); Real Estate Broker,
J. Rayfield Properties.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past Chair, Gaston Traffic Club; Past Chair, Charlotte Chapter, Delta Nu Alpha; Past
President, Gaston Skills, Inc.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Past President, Gaston Economic Development Commission.

Military Service

Seaman 1st Class, U.S. Na\7 Reserve, 1944-46, Pacific Theater.

Personal Information

Married, Jacqueline Huggms Rayfield. One child. Member, Ebenezer Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Education, Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges, Election
Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Finance, Legislative Redistrictmg, Mental Health,
Travel and Tourism.

572

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Edward David Redwine

Democrat, Brunswick County

Fourteenth Representative District: Portions of
Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover and
Roheson counties

Early Years

Born in Wilmington, New Hanover County, on
September 12, 1947, to Edward Henry and Doris
Frink Redwine.

Educational Background

Shallotte High School, Shallotte, 1965; A.B. in
Political Science and History, East Carolina
University, 1972.

Professional Background

Vice-President and Owner, Coastal Insurance and Realty, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1985-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Independent Insurance Agents of N.C; South Brunswick Chamber of Commerce
(President and Director, 1976-82); Mason/Shriner.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Seafood & Agriculture Commission; Administrative Procedures Oversight
Commission; N.C. Economic Development Board.

Honors and Awards

Brunswick County SmartStart Legislative Champion Award; 1991 Outstanding
Legislator of the Year, N.C. Association of Registers of Deeds; 1999 Friend of Education
for Distinguished Service to Education.

Personal Information

Married, Margaret Penelope Taylor Redwine. Three children. Member, Shallotte
Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations; Member, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform,
Insurance, Judiciary I, Legislative Redistricting, Ways and Means.

573

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Richard Eugene Rogers

Democrat, Martin County

Sixth Representative District: Poitions oj Botie,
Hertford, Martin, Pitt and Washington counties

Early Years

Born in Martin County on December 12, 1929,
to Javan and Effie Green Rogers.

Educational Background

Bear Grass High School, 1943-45; Williamston
High School, 1945-46; Oak Ridge Military
Institution, 1946-47; B.S. (1955) and Masters
(1957) in Education, UNC-Chapel Hill; Six-Year
Certihcation m Educational Administration, 1967.

Professional Background

Retired Superintendent, Martin County Schools.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1987-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

President, Williamston Kiwams Club, 1982; Local District Committee, BSA, 1965-
85; Martin County Chamber of Commerce.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

District Committee, Boy Scouts oi~ America, 1986; Board of Directors, East Carolina
Vocational Center, 1980-85; Board of Directors, N.C. High School Athletic
Association, 1981-84.

Military Service

U.S. Coast Guard, 1951-54.

Honors and Awards

Distinguished Service Award; Boss of the Year Award; Superintendent Contributing
Most to Athletics, Region 1.

Personal Information

Married, Jean Carole Grilhn Rogers. Three children. Four grandchildren. Member,
Memorial Baptist Church of Williamston.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education; Member, Agriculture,
Appropriations, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Health, LegisLitive
Redistricting, Local Government II, Pensions and Retirement, Public LUilitics, Rules,
Calendar and Operations of the House.

574

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Carolyn B. Russell

Republican, Wayne County

Seventy-Seventh Representative District:
Portions of Greene, Lenoir and Wayne counties

Early Years

Born m Greenville, Pitt County, on June 19,
1944, to O.D. and Naomi Grey Jones Barnes.

Educational Background

Winterville High School, 1962; A.B. in Sociology
and Psychology, East Carolina University, 1965;
M.A. in Clinical Psychology, East Carolina
University, 1967.

Professional Background

Personnel Manager; Psychologist at Sunland

Training Center; Personnel Director, O'Berry Center, Goldsboro.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1991-Present (Speaker Pro-Tern, N.C. House, 1995-96).

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Cystic Fibrosis Campaign, 1975; Wayne County Medical Auxiliary, 1974-Present
(Vice-President, 1976; President, 1977; Research and Education Foundation
Committee Chair, 1978-80; Student Loan Chair, 1983-85); Parents Without Partners
Consultant, 1977.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Contemporary Art Museum Council; Wayne County Board of Directors, Mental
Health Association, 1977-83; Wayside Fellovv^ship Home, 1979-80.

Honors and Awards

Governors Individual Leadership Award, 1981; McPheeter's Award for Outstanding
Contributions to Mental Health; Outstanding Professional Achievement Award,
Federally Employed Women.

Personal Information

Married, Douglas M. Russell. Three children. Member, St. Pauls United Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education,
Congressional Redistricting, Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School,
Elementary and Secondary Education, Judiciary III, State Personnel.

575

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Drew Paschal Saunders

Democrat, Mecklenburg County

Fifty-Fourth Repicscutativc District: Mecklenburg
County

Early Years

Born in Lilesville, Anson County, to George W. and
Annie Butler Saunders.

Educational Background

West End Hitih School, West End, 1955; B.A. ni
Business, UNC-Charlotte, 1971; Babcock School,
Wake Eorest.

Professional Background

Retired, Carolina Tractor/CAT.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1997-Present; Mayor, Town of Huntersville, 1987-89; Mayor
Pro-Tern, Town of Huntersville, 1985-87.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

President, Charlotte Area Personnel Association; Employers' Association; Lake
Norman Chamber of Commerce.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Charter Board Member, N.C. Industries for Technical Education; Advisory Board,
Central Piedmont Community College; Advisory Board, Junior Achievement.

Military Service

2"^' Class Petty Ofhcer, U.S. Navy, 1956-60.

Honors and Awards

1999 Extra Mile Award, N.C. Department of Transportation; 1971 Commendation,
N.C. American Legion.

Personal Information

Married, Louise Baughn Saunders. Two children. Three grandchildren. Member,
Eirst Baptist Church of Huntersville.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Science and Technology, Transportation; Vice-Chair, Public Utilities; Member,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Congressional
Redistricting, Ethics, Insurance, Local Government 1.

576

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Mitchell Smith Setzer

Republican, Catawba County

Forty-Third Representative District: Portions of
Catawba and Iredell counties

Early Years

Born in Newton, Catawba County to William Neil
and Dorothy Jane Annas Setzer.

Educational Background

Bandys High School, Catawba, 1983; A. A., Lees-
McRae College, 1985; B.A. in Political Science, UNC-
Greensboro, 1987.

Professional Background

Vice-President, Smith Setzer & Sons, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1999-Present; Mayor, Town of Catawba, 1996-98;
Commissioner, Town of Catawba, 1992-96.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Riverside Masonic Lodge #606; Catawba Chapter #124, Order of the Eastern Star;
Claremont Lions Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Catawba County ABC Board, 1993-98; Board of Directors, Exchange/Scan Center
of Iredell.

Honors and Awards

1995 Merit Award, Riverside Masonic Lodge #606; 1994-95 Merit Award, Catawba
Chapter #124, Order of the Eastern Star.

Personal Information

Member, Shiloh United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on General Government,
Insurance, Legislative Redistricting, Local Government I, Rules, Calendar and
Operations of the House.

577

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Paul Wayne Sexton, Sr.

Republican, Rockingham County

Seventy-Third Represenlalive District: Portions oj
Forsyth and Rockinp^ham counties

Early Years

Born in Roanoke, Virginia, on August 5, 1942, to
Paul Reuben and Thelma Virginia Bolden Sexton.

Educational Background

Stoneville Higli School, 1960; UNC-Chapel Hill,
1960-61; B.S. in Liberal Arts, State University of
New York, 1988.

Professional Background

Retired.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahlc/Civic or Community Service Organizations

North Carolina National Guard Association; National Guard Association ot the
United States; Past Member, Shiloh Volunteer Fire Department.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Rockingham County Board of Education, Vice-Chair, 1982; Western Rockingham
City Board of Education, Vice-Chair, 1988; Rockingham County Consolidated Board
of Education, Vice-Chair, 1993.

Military Service

Colonel (retired). Field Artillery N.C. Army National Guard; Reserves, 1963-96;
Intelligence and Security Officer for N.C. National Guard, Assigned to HQ Stare.

Honors and Awards

Army Commendation Medal, Army Service Ribbon, Army Reserve Component
Achievement Medal.

Personal Information

Three children. Four grandchildren. Member, Hampton Heights Baptist.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Justice and Public Safety,
Congressional Redistrictmg, Education, Education Subcommittee on Community
Colleges, Military Veterans and Indian Affairs, Transportation, Wildlife Resources.

578

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Wilma M. Sherrill

Republican, Buncombe County

Fifty-First Representative District: Portions of
Buncombe County

Early Years

Born m Yadkin County on August, 9, 1939, to
WH. and Mozell Johnson Money.

Educational Background

West Yadkin High School, Hampton ville, 1957;
Attended Elkin Business College and Wake Forest
University.

Professional Background

Officer, Accelerated Personnel.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Council of Independent Businesses; Asheville Chamber of Commerce; Riverlink
Advisory Committee.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Economic Development Board; N.C. Commission on Domestic Violence;
N.C. Travel & Tourism.

Honors and Awards

Top 30 Most Influential Personalities in Asheville/Buncombe County; Woman of
the Year, N.C. Foundation of Business & Professional Women's Organization; 1998
Legislator of the Year, N.C. Humanities Council; 2000 Distinguished Woman of
North Carolina, Government Catagory.

Personal Information

Married, Jerry L. Sherrill. One child. One grandchild. Member, First Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on General Government; Vice-Chair, Legislative
Redistricting; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital,
Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary
Education, Health, Judiciary 11, Redistricting, Rules, Calendar and Operations of
the House, State Personnel, Transportation, University Board of Governors
Nominating.

579

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Fern H.Shubert

Republican, Union County

Thirty-Fourth Representative District: Union
County

Early Years

Born to Ernest Lee Hayv^'ood of Waxhaw and Nell
Redfearn Ha)^wood o{ Wingate.

Educational Background

Business Administration, Magna Cum Laude, Duke
University, 1969; Passed CPA Exam, 1969.

Professional Background

Certified Public Accountant, Arthur Andersen &

Co.; Internal Revenue Service, Raleigh and Houston, Texas; Tax Director, National

Bank of Washington.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-98 and 2001-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Director, National Right to Read Foundation; American Institute of CPAs;
N.C. Association of CPAs.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Member, School Capital Construction Study Commission; Former Member,
Marsh ville Library Task Force; Former Member, Citizens Ad\isory Task Force, Union
County Public Schools.

Honors and Awards

1998 NFIB Guardian of Small Business Award; 1997 US Small Business Accountant
Advocate Award State, Regional and National; 1996 NCEITA 21 Award for
Government Ser\'ice.

Personal Information

Married, Jerry Shubert. Two children. Member, MarshviUe United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital, Military Veterans
and Indian Affairs, Pensions and Retirement, Transportation, Travel and Tourism.

580

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Ronald Lynwood Smith

Democrat, Carteret County

Fourth Representative District: Carteret and
Portions of Onslow counties

Early Years

Born in Morehead City on July 7, 1940, to
Charlie and Reginia Salter Smith.

Educational Background

Morehead City High School, 1958; N.C.
Institute of Government; Chicago School of
Appraisal.

Professional Background

Semi-Retired Real Estate, Clam Rock, Inc.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1991-93 and 1997-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Beaufort Historical Society; Core Sound Waterfall Museum; Ducks Unlimited.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Carteret Transportation Board; Board of Directors, Maritime Museum.

Military Service

Specialist 4, 824 Heav>' Boat, U.S. Army, 1963-69.

Personal Information

Married, Betty Jackson Smith. Four children. Eight grandchildren. Member, Bogue
Banks Eirst United Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Public Utilities; Vice-Chair, Education Subcommittee on Community
Colleges; Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education,
Education, Environment and Natural Resources, Financial Institutions, Insurance,
Legislative Redistricting, MiUtary, Veterans and Indian Affairs, Public Utilities, WildUfe
Resources.

581

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Edgar V.Starnes

Republican, Caldwell County

Ninety-First Representative District: Portions ol
Alexander, Caldwell and Catawba counties

Early Years

Born in Hickory, Catawba County, on September 3,
1956, to Ray Coolidge and Sara Capshaw Starnes.

Educational Background

Granite Falls High, 1974; B.A. m History, Carson-
Newman College, 1978.

Professional Background

Investment Broker, Bolick Investment Group; Owner
of Old Farm Driving Range.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1987-88 and 1997-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past President and Secretary, Granite Falls Rotary Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

ASCS State Committee, 1981-84.

Personal Information

Married, Marilyn Coats Starnes. One child. Member, First Baptist Church of Granite
Falls.

Committee Assignments

Member, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Finance, Pensions and
Retirement, Ways and Means.

582

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Ronnie Neal Sutton

Democrat, Robeson County

Eighty-Fifth Representative District: Portions of
Hoke and Roheson counties

Educational Background

Magnolia High School; B.A. and M.S., University of
West Florida Naval War College, 1970-77; M.A.,
Central Michigan University, 1979; J.D., UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1985.

Professional Background

Attorney, Ronnie Sutton Law Office; Retired Naval
Officer.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; President, Kiwanis, 1990;
Life Member, WW

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board, N.C. Cancer Institution; Board, Lumbee River Legal Services.

Military Service

Aviator and Commander, U.S. Navy, 22 years; 600 combat hours, Vietnam; Two
Air Medals. Enlisted, U.S. Air Force, four years.

Personal Information

Married Geneva Chavis Sutton. Two children. Two grandchildren. Attends New
Prospect Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Legislative Redistricting, Redistricting; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Ethics, Judiciary 1, Military,
Veterans and Indian Affairs, Transportation.

583

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Worthy B. league, Jr.

Republican, Alamance County

Twenty-Fifth Representative District: Portions
of Alamance, Caswell Orange and
Rockingham counties

Early Years

Born in Liberty, Alamance County, to W.B and
Zora Marshall league.

Educational Background

Sylvan High School, Snow Camp, 1948.

Professional Background

Retired farmer.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1999-Present; Alamance County Commissioner (16 years).

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Alamance County Health Department; Alamance County Social Serxices Board; Board
of Directors, BB&T.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Alamance County Planning Board; N.C. County Commissioners Board of
Commissioners; N.C. Agriculture Commission.

Honors and Awards

1999 Alamance Center renamed W.B. league Agriculture Center; 1985 N.C.
Repubhcan Hall of Fame; Honored by the N.C. County Commissioners Association.

Personal Information

Married, Betty Pike league. Three children. Three grandchildren. Member, Pleasant
Hill Christian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Travel and Tourism; Vice-Chair, Agriculture; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Highway Safety and Law Enforcement,
Local Government, State Government, Transportation.

584

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Gregory James Thompson

Republican, Mitchell County

Forty-Sixth Representative District: Avery,
Mitchell and Portions of Burke, Caldwell and
Catawba counties

Early Years

Born in Charlotte on June 3, 1964, to Robert D.,
Sr., and Doris Rhyne Thompson.

Educational Background

Mitchell High School, Bakersville, 1982; A.A.,
Montreal College, 1984; B.A. in PoUtical Science,
UNC-Asheville, 1987; Graduate Studies in Public
Administration, N.C. State University and Western Carolina University.

Professional Background

Public Official.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member, Mitchell County Chamber of Commerce; Member, Spruce Pine Kiwanis
Club; Mitchell County Safe Place.

Honors and Awards

Fellow, N.C. Institute of Political Leadership, 1988; Outstanding Young Men of
America, 1988; Delegate to Japan/American Council of Young Political Leaders,
1993.

Personal Information

Married, Nancy Bradley Thompson. Member, First Baptist Church, Spruce Pine.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations; Vice-Chair, Congressional Redistricting; Member, Education,
Education Subcommittee on Universities, Election Law and Campaign Finance
Reform, Environment and Natural Resources, Judiciary I, Rules, Calendar and
Operations of the House.

585

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Joe RTolson

Democrat, Edgecombe County

Seventy-First Representative District: Portions
of Edgecombe, Nash, Pill and Wilson counties

Early Years

Born on April 15, 1941, in Tarboro, Edgecombe
County, to T.L., Sr., and Effie Proctor Tolson.

Educational Background

South Edgeconibe High School, Pinetops, 1959;
B.S. m Biology, Atlantic Christian College, 1963;
M.Ed, in Educational Administration, University
o( Virginia, 1969.

Professional Background

Retired Educator.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1997-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Edgecombe County Block Grant Advisory Committee; Pinetops Lions Club.

Personal Information

Married, Janice Brafford Tolson. Three children. One grandchild. Member, Pinetops
Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Information Technology, Science and
Technology; Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee
on Capital, Congressional Redistricting, Education, Education Subcommittee on
Community Colleges, Pensions and Retirement.

586

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Russell E. Tucker

Democrat, Duplin County

Tenth Representative District: Portions of
Duplin, Jones and Onslow counties

Early Years

Born in Magnolia, Duplin County, to Hubert Ellis
and Emma Ola Boney Tucker.

Educational Background

James Kenan High School, Warsaw, 1962;
B.S.B.A. m Accounting, East Carolina University,
1966.

Professional Background

Retired County Manager/Finance Officer.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Warsaw-Kenansville Rotary Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Duplin Home Care & Hospice Foundation; Liberty Hall Historical Restoration
Commission, Duplin County Agribusiness Council.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Rural Economic Development Center; Joint Commission on
Government Operations (Subcommittee Advisory Member).

Honors and Awards

1979 Outstanding County Finance Officer.

Personal Information

Married, Geraldine Williams Tucker. Two children. Four grandchildren. Member,
Smith Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Information Technology; Vice-Chair,
Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary Education;
Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Education, Environment and Natural
Resources, Science and Technology.

587

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Alice G. Underhill

Democrat, Craven County

Seventy-Ninth Representative Distriet: Por-
tions oj Craven, Jones, Lenoir and Pamlieo
counties

Early Years

Born in Raleigh, Wake County, on March 8,
1946.

Educational Background

Needham Broughton High, Raleigh, 1964; B.A.
m Education, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1968; M.A.
m History, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1971; J.D.,
Campbell University School of Law, 1989.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001 -Present.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Tryon Palace Commission

Personal Information

Married, T. Reed Underbill. Three children Member, Christ Episcopal Church, New
Bern.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Environment and Natural Resources; Member, Agriculture,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic Resources,
Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary
Education, Public Health, State Personnel.

588

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

William LWainwright

Democrat, Craven County

Seventy-Ninth Representative District: Portions
of Craven, Jones, Lenoir and Pamlico counties

Early Years

Born in Somerville, Tennessee, on October 19,
1947, to James and Daisy Wainwright.

Educational Background

Manassas High, 1965; B.S. in Business, Memphis
State, 1970.

Professional Background

Minister; Presiding Elder, New Bern District
Conference, AME Zion Church.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1991-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Carteret County Head Start Program (Program Policy, Chair); Craven County Board
of Aging; Craven County Voters League.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Publishing House Board, A.M.E. Zion Church, 1992-Present; UNC-Chapel Hill
Board of Visitors -- Institute of Marine Science; N.C. Council of Churches.

Honors and Awards

Outstanding Member, Board of Directors, Carteret Community Action; Head Start
Program, Inc.

Personal Information

Member, Pmey Grove A.M.E. Zion Church; Pastor, 1985-1993.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Finance; Vice-Chair, Insurance; Member, Financial Institutions, Health,
Legislative Re districting, Redistricting, Science and Technology.

589

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Trudi Walend

Republican, Transylvania County

Sixty-Eighth Representative District: Portions of
Buncombe, Henderson and Transylvania
counties

Early Years

Born in Atlanta, Georgia, to Rene Joseph and
Elinor Arban Martin.

Educational Background

St. Pius X High School, 1961; B.S., Western
Carolina University, 1977.

Professional Background

Computer Services, Kens Mac Works.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1999-Present; Transylvania County Commissioner.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Association of University Women..

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, American Red Cross; Board of Directors, WNC Knowledge
Coalition; Board of Directors, Deliver the Dream.

Honors and Awards

2001 Legislator of the Year, Academy of Trial Lawyers.

Personal Information

Married, Kenneth Frank Walend. Three children. Four grandchildren. Member, Sacred
Heart Catholic Church.

t>"

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Information Technology,
Congressional Redistricting, Economic Growth and Community Development,
Education, Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges, Financial Institutions,
Science and Technology.

590

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

R.Tracy Walker

Republican, Wilkes County

Forty-First Representative District: Portions of
Alexander, Wilkes and Yadkin counties

Early Years

Born in North Wilkesboro, Wilkes County, on
July 27, 1939 to Rev. Frank and Margie Adams
Walker.

Educational Background

Wilkes Central High School, Wilkesboro,
1955; Attended Wilkes Community College.

Professional Background

Retired, CMl Industries.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2001-Present; Wilkes County Commissioner, 1978-96;
Wilkes Board of Education, 1972-76.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

North Wilkesboro Elks Lodge; Wilkes Economic Development Corporation; North
Wilkes Booster Club.

Military Service

A/2C, Air Police Security, U.S. Air Force, 1955-59. Good Conduct Medal. OSl-
Secret Clearance.

Honors and Awards

1996 Regional Leadership Award; 1990 Outstanding Elected Official, Region D;
1987 Outstanding Executive Board Member, Region D.

Personal Information

Married, Nena Watkms Walker. Two children. Five grandchildren. Member,
Wilkesboro Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic
Resources, Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and
Secondary Education, Judiciary 1, Local Government II, State Personnel,
Transportation.

591

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Alex Warner

Democrat, Cumberland County

Seventy-Fifth Representative District: Portions of
Cumberland County

Early Years

Born in Fayetteville on November 11, 1942, lo
Edward A. and Mae Pearl Green Warner, Sr.

Educational Background

A.B. in English, Campbell College, 1965; M.A. m
Education, East Carolina University, 1973.

Professional Background

Retired Public School Educator; Owner,
Countryside Eurniture Co.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1986-Present; Cumberland County Board of Education, 1980-
86.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Lebanon Lodge #No. 391 AE and AM; York Rite Masonic Bodies, Sudan Temple.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Joint Commission on Children and Youth; Chair, Joint Committee to Study
MiUtar)^ Counties; House-Senate Education Oversight Committee.

Honors and Awards

2001 POW-MIA Recognition; Chair, Kia Kima District, Boy Scouts of America;
1978 Man of the Year, Stedman Jaycees.

Personal Information

Married, Jacquelyn Fredda Smith. Three children. Member, Highland Baptist Church,
Hope Mills.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Education, Military, Veterans and Indian Affairs; Member, Appropriations,
Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Congressional Redistricting,
Environment and Natural Resources, Ethics, Insurance.

592

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Edith D.Warren

Democrat, Pitt County

Eighth Representative District: Portions of
Edgecombe, Greene, Martin and Pitt counties

Early Years

Bom in Edgecombe County to James Murray and
Nora Elizabeth Downs Doughtie.

Educational Background

Bethel High School, Bethel, 1954; Primary
Education, East Carolina University, 1960; M.A.
in Education, East Carolina University, 1974.

Professional Background

Retired Educator.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1999-Present; Pitt County Board of Commissioners, 1996-
98.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

FarmviUe Chamber of Commerce; Former Member, Pitt County Principals
Association; Pitt County United Way.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Member, Board of Directors, N.C. Principals/Assistant Principals; Farmville
Community Arts Council.

Honors and Awards

1997 Farm\ille Citizen of the Year; 1990 Pitt County Principal of the Year.

Personal Information

Married Billy Nunn Warren. Three children. Three granchildren. Member, First
Baptist Church of Farmville.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary
Education; Vice-Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic
Resources, Children, Youth and Families; Member, Agriculture, Appropriations,
Congressional Redistricting, Education, Local Government 11.

593

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Nurham Osbie Warwick

Democrat, Sampson County

Twelfth Representative Distriet: Portions oj Onslow,
Pender and Sampson counties

Early Years

Born in CHnton, Sampson County, on March 5,
1940, to Lawet Osbie and Danzle Bass Warwick.

Educational Background

Clinton High School; North Carolina State University;
Post-Graduate Work at University of North Carolina-
Chapel Hill and Pennsylvania State University

Professional Background

Retired Educator; Small Business Owner; Farmer.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1997-Present; Mayor Pro-Tem, Grimesland.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Vocational Teachers Association; National Vocational Teachers Association;
Vocational Workers Council.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Local Civil Defense Board; Chair, Local Board, Boy Scouts of America.

Honors and Awards

Outstanding N.C. Educator/Leader Award; Dean's List; Alpha Gamma Rho
Outstanding Service Award.

Personal Information

One child. Member, Mount Vernon Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Environment and Natural Resources; Vice-Chair, Agriculture; Member, Aging,
Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic Resources,
Education, Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary
Education, Legislative Redistrictmg, Mental Health, Transportation.

594

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Ijohn Hugh Weatherly

Republican, Cleveland County

Forty-Eighth Representative District: Cleveland,
Rutherford and Portions of Gastonand Polk counties

Early Years

Bom in McColl, S.C., on April 5, 1924, to Rufus and
Rosa Riley Weatherly.

Educational Background

McColl High School, 1942; Clemson University; B.S.
in Forestry, University of Georgia, 1950.

Professional Background

Retired Forester, Bowater Carolina.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1989-90, 1993-99 and 2001-Present; Member, Catawba
County Board of Commissioners, 1970-74.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past President, N.C. Forestry Association; Past President, N.C. Division, Society of
American Foresters; Rotary.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

United Way Board; Past Member, Board of Trustees, Catawba Valley Community
College; General Assembly Environmental Review Study Commission.

Military Service

Major, Fighter Pilot, U.S. Marine Corps, World War II and Korea. Air Medal, 1944,
Distinguished Flying Cross, 1944.

Personal Information

Married, Georgia WiUette Weatherly. Three children. Three grandchildren. Member,
Shelby Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural
and Economic Resources, Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Environment
and Natural Resources, Judiciary III, Legislative Redistricting, Travel and Tourism.

595

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Jennifer Weiss

Democrat, Wake County

Sixty-Third Rcptcsentative District: Portions of
Wake and Durham counties

Early Years

Born on October 29, 1959, in Somerville, New
Jersey, to Burton Joseph and Nan Schleisner Weiss.

Educational Background

Princeton Day School, Princeton, N.J., 1977; A.B. in
Pohtical Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1981; J.D.,
University of Virginia School of Law, 1986.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Safechild; The Womens Center; School Volunteer.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Legislative Environmental Review Commission; N.C. Heart Disease and Stroke
Prevention Task Force.

Honors and Awards

1980 Phi Beta Kappa; 1980 Order of the Golden Fleece, UNC-Chapel Hill; 1980
Order of the Valkyries, UNC-Chapel Hill.

Personal Information

Married to Bruce Alan Hamilton. Two children. Member, Temple Beth Shalom,
Cary.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Environment and Natural Resources; Member, Agmg, Education,
Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary Education,
Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform, Finance, Judiciar)' 11, Public Health,
Ways and Means.

596

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Thomas Roger West

iRepublican, Cherokee County

Fifty-Third Representative District: Portions of
Cherokee, Clay, Jackson and Macon counties

Early Years

Born in Murphy, Cherokee County, to Herman
and Margie Bryson West.

Educational Background

Andrews High School, Andrews, 1967.

Professional Background

Contractor, Roger West Cont.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 2000-Present.

Military Service

E-5, MCB 121, U.S. Navy, 1969-71.

Personal Information

Married, Judy Ann Gaddis West. Two children. Member, Andrews United Methodist
Church, Andrews.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic
Resources, Economic Growth and Community Development, Education, Education
Subcommittee on Community Colleges, Legislative Redistricting, Local Government
11, State Government, Wildlife Resources.

597

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Shelly Willingham

Democrat, Edgecombe County

Seventieth Repiesentalive District: Portions of
Edgecombe, Nash and Wilson counties

Appointed, January 28, 2002.

Professiomd Background

Facilities Manager.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 2002-
Present.

Committee Assignments

Member, Congressional Redistricting, Finance,
Judiciaiy II, Rules, Calendar and Operations of
the House, State Personnel.

598

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Constance K.Wilson

Republican, Mecklenburg County

Fifty-Seventh Representative District: Portions
of Mecklenburg County

Early Years

Born in Dayton, Ohio, on August 9, 1959, to
Michael C. and Mona Miller Kramer.

Educational Background

LaPorte High School, LaPorte, Indiana, 1977;
B.S. in Finance, Indiana University, 1981.

Professional Background

Banker, NationsBank.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1993-
Present; Member, N.C. Senate, 1989-90.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Junior Achievement; United Way; Arts and Science Council.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Charlotte Symphony; Institute of Policital Leadership; Charlotte Chamber/CMS
Partners for School Reform, Governors Council on Literacy.

Personal Information

Married, Thomas S. Wilson. Four children.

Committee Assignments

Member, Finance, Insurance, Local Government, Pensions and Retirment,
Transportation.

599

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William Eugene Wilson

Republican, Watauga County

Fortieth Representative District: Alleghany,
Ashe, Stokes, Surry and Watauga counties

Early Years

Born in Watauga County on May 5 to Calvin
Ray and Myrtle Wilson.

Educational Background

Cove Creek High School.

Professional Background

Semi-Retired, Owner of Daniel Boone Inn
Restaurant; Farmer.

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1987-92, 1995-Present; Watauga County
Commissioner, 1969-1976 (Former Chair, One Term).

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Boone Rotary Club; Blood Donor, American Red Cross; Past Boy Scout Leader.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Board of Trustees, Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute,
1987-92; Local Prison Advisory Committee, 1984-95; Member, Board of Directors,
Appalachian District Health Department (14 years).

Honors and Awards

Community Ser\ices Volunteer Award, Human Resources; Lifetime Achievement
Award, Appalachian State UmversityAVatauga County Young Republicans, 1994.

Personal Information

Married, Odenia Little. Three children. Member, Greenway Baptist Church, Boone.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agmg, Agriculture, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on
General Government, Legislative Redistncting, Local Government II, Mental Health,
Pensions and Retirement.

600

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Larry W.Womble

Democrat, Forsyth County

Sixty-Sixth Representative District: Portions of
Forsyth County

Early Years

Born in Winston-Salem on June 6, 1941, to
Owen Luchion and Dorothy Gwyn Womble.

Educational Background

Atkins High School, Winston-Salem, 1959; B.S.

in Education, Winston-Salem State University,

1963; Masters of Education Administration,

UNC-Greensboro, 1975; Ed.S. m Education Administration, Appalachian State

University, 1977.

Professional Background

Retired Educator, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools (Instructor, 1963-1973;
Department Head, 1969-1973; Assistant Principal, 1974-1993).

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House, 1995-Present; Alderman, City of Winston-Salem, 1981-1993.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

National Education Association of Educators; Black Leadership Roundtable; Alpha
Phi Alpha Fraternity.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Elective and Appointed Board of Directors, National League of Cities, 1991-1992;
Board of Directors, National Black Caucus of Local Elected Ofhcials, 1987-1993;
Board of Directors, Winston-Salem State University Library, 1987-91.

Honors and Awards

Black Political Awareness Award; State Human Service Award, N.C. Black Social
Workers, 1992; Assistant Principal of the Year, 1980-1981.

Personal Information

One child. Member, Bethlehem Baptist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, State Personnel; Vice-Chair, Education Subcommittee on Community
Colleges; Member, Cultural Resources, Economic Growth and Community
Development, Education, Finance, Local Government II.

601

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Thomas Edward Wright

Democrat, New Hanover County

Ninety -Eighth Representative District: Portions
oj Brunswick, Columbus, New Hanover and
Pender counties

Early Years

Born in Wilmington, New Hanover Couniy, on
August 7, 1955, to William Dallas, I, and Sarah
Gibbs Wright.

Educational Background

John T. Hoggard High School, 1973; College
Transfer, Southeastern Community College, ■

1973-75; Psychology and Biology UNC-Wilmmgton, 1978-80; Paramedic, Coastal
Carohna Community College, 1988.

Professional Background I

Business/Instructor, Wrightway Safety & Health Co., Inc. (President and Ov\Tier)i
EMS Instructor, Cape Fear Community College. •

Political Activities \

Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present; Wilmington City Council, 1990-93.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

National Association of EMS Instructors; N.C. Association of Paramedics; N.C'
Association of Emergency Medical Technicians. i

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Board of Directors, New Hanover Community Health Center; Chair, N.Ci
Minority Health Advisory Council; Cancer Control and Coordination Commission:

Personal Information

Married, Joyce Nixon Wright. Four children. Member, Samt Mary Catholic Church;

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital; Congressional Redistncting, Health!
Member, Appropriations, Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Humarf
Ser\aces.

602

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

Douglas Yates Yongue

Democrat, Scotland County

\Sixteenth Representative District: Portions of
Cumberland, Hoke, Moore, Robeson and
\Scotland counties

Early Years

i;Born in Lumbcrton, Robeson County, on March
1 20, 1937, to Robert Eugene, Jr., and Elizabeth
Gibson Yongue.

Educational Background

■Laurinburg High School, 1955; A. A., Edwards
I Military Institute, 1957; B.S. m Industrial Arts,
(East Carolina University, 1959; M.A. Degree m
{"Industrial Arts and Administration, East Carolina

[University, 1960; Completed 45 hours at East Carolina University and Western
Carolina University to obtain State Certihcation in Guidance and CounseUng, 1965;
iPh.D. in Education, Nova University, 1986.

Professional Background

[General Contractor, Y and W Builders, Inc.

iPolitical Activities

; Member, N.C. House, 1993-Present.

I Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

jPhi Delta Kappa; Lumberton Rotary Club, N.C. Homebuilders Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Executive Board, Public School Eorum; Joint Education Oversight Committee;
Council on Education Services for Exceptional Children.

\Honors and Awards

2000 Community Service Award, St. Andrews Presbyterian Church, Laurinburg;
1972 Outstanding Young Educator, Maxton Jaycees; 1968 Outstanding Young
Educator, Laurinburg Jaycees.

Personal Information

Married, Mildred Hurley Yongue. Two children. Charter Member, Saint Luke United
Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Appropriations Subcommittee on Education, Ethics; Member, Agriculture,
Appropriations, Highway Safety and Law Enforcement, Pensions and Retirement,
Rules, Calendar and Operations of the House.

603

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Denise Gale Weeks

N.C. House Principal Clerk

Early Years I

Born m Raleigh, Wake County, on July 22, 1955, to Mack and Winnifre|
Stephenson Weeks. j

Educational Background

Fuquay-Varina High, 1973; N.C. State University, 1973-74, 1978.

Professional Background '

Principal Clerk, N.C. House of Representatives, 1993-Present; Assistant Calendr
Clerk, N.C. House, 1977-80; Computer Clerk, N.C. House, 1980-82; Calendr
Clerk, N.C. House, 1985-88; Administrative Assistant, N.C. House, 1989-92.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Society of Legislative Clerks and Secretaries (Secretary/Treasurer, 199
President Elect, 1998; President, 1999); Administrator, N.C. Seafood Festival, 198

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Masons Manual of Legislative Procedure Study Commission.

Personal Information

Married, Henry J. Burke. Member, Western Boulevard Presbyterian Church.

604

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Michael D. Frese

N.C. House Chaplain

Early Years

jBom in Nevada, Iowa, to Robert and Gwendolyn Lehman Frese.

Educational Background

■jNevada Community High School, 1983; B.A. in ReUgious Studies, University of
illowa, 1986; Masters of Divinity, Duke University, 1995.

Professional Background

[Minister, Millbrook United Methodist Church.

Political Activities

'chaplain, N.C. House of Representatives, 1999-Present.

Boards and Commissions

Raleigh Board of Missions.

I
Honors and Awards

1986 Collegiate Scholar, University of Iowa; 1995 Phi Beta Kappa, Duke Divinity

School.

Personal Information

: Married to Patricia E. Lund Frese. Two children. Member, Millbrook United
, Methodist Church.

605

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Robert Samuels

N.C. House Sergeant-at-Arms

Early Years

Born in High Point, Guilford County, on
November 24, 1930, lo Albert Phillip and Jocie
Leona Samuels.

Educational Background

High Pomi High School, 1949; N.C. Highway
Patrol School, UNC-Chapcl Hill, 1954.

Professional Backgroui^d

Chief Deputy, Mecklenburg County Sheriffs
Department, 1985-95; N.C. State Highway
Patrol, 1954-85.

Political Activities

Sergeant-at-Arms, N.C. House
Representatives, 1999-Preseni.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member, National Legislative Services and Security Association; Mason, Southern
Pines Lodge 484; Shriner Oasis Temple, Charlotte.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board ot Trustees (Past Chair) and Member, Finance Committee, Comnionwealth
United Methodist Church, Charlotte.

Military Service

U.S. Marine Corps, 1951-54.

Personal Information

Married, Jackie Moore Samuels. Three children. Three grandchildren. Member,
United Commonwealth Methodist Church, Charlotte.

606

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

2001-2002 N.C House Committees

Representatives Hackney, Baddour, Cunningham, Dedmon and Earle are ex-officio
members of all committees.

Aging

Chair: Insko

Vice-Chair: Clary

Members: Culp, Earle, Gillespie, Lucas, Warwick, Weiss, E. Wilson

Agriculture

Chair: Hill

Vice-Chairs: Bell, Cox, league, Warwick

Members: Baker, Bonner, Buchanan, Coates, Culp, Davis, Eddins, Fox, Hilton, Riser,
Mitchell, Nye, Owens, Rogers, Russell, Tolson, Tucker, Underbill, E. Warren,
Weatherly G. Wilson, Yongue

Alcoholic Beverage Control

Chair: Gibson

Vice-Chair: Hensley

Members: Baker, Creech, Hall, Hunter, McMahan, Morris

Appropriations

Chairs: Easterling, Oldham, Redwine, Thompson

Vice-Chairs: Crawford, Owens

Members: Adams, Allred, Arnold, Baker, Barbee, Barefoot, Bamhart, Bell, Blue, Bonner,
Bowie, Boyd-Mclntyre, Brubaker, Carpenter, Church, Clary, Coates, Cole, Crawford,
Creech, Culp, Culpepper, Daughtry Davis, Dockham, Earle, Ellis, Esposito, Fox,
Gillespie, Goodwin, Grady, Gulley Haire, Hall, Harrington, Hensley, Hiatt, Hilton,
Holmes, Howard, Hunter, Insko, Jeffus, Justus, Kiser, Lucas, McAllister, McLawhorn,
Michaux, Miller, Mitchell, Morgan, Nesbitt, Nye, Preston, Rogers, Russell, Saunders,
Setzer, Sexton, Sherrill, Shubert, Smith, Sutton, Teague, Tolson, Tucker, Underbill,
Walend, Walker, Warner, E. Warren, Warwick, Weatherly, West, G. Wilson, Wright,
Yongue

Appropriations Subcommittee on Capital

Chair: Wright

Members: Allred, Arnold, Boyd-Mclntyre, Brubaker, Crawford, Daughtiy, Earle, Ellis,
Fox, Gillespie, Grady, Haire, Holmes, Howard, Jeffus, Justus, Kiser, Miner, Nesbitt,
Sherrill, Shubert, Tolson

607

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Appropriations Subcommittee on Education

Chairs: Boyd-Mclntyre, Rogers, Yongue

Members: Barnhari, Bell, Bonner, Carpenter, Holmes, McLawhom, Michaux, Morgan,
Preston, Russell, Smith, league, Warner

Appropriations Subcommittee on General Government

Chairs: Jeffus, Shenill

Members: Adams, Barefoot, Lueas, Setter, G. Wilson

Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Human Services

Chairs: Earle, Nye

Members: Church, Clary M. Crawford, Creech, Esposito, hisko, Wright

Appropriations Subcommittee on Information Technology

Chairs: Tolson, Tucker

Members: Baker, Harrington, Hensley Hilton, Miller, Walend

Appropriations Subcommittee on Justice and Public Safety

Chairs: Culpepper, Haire

Members: Goodwin, Hall, Justus, Kiser, Sexton

Appropriations Subcommittee on Natural and Economic Resources

Chairs: Fox, Owens

Vice-Chair: E. WaiTen

Members: Gulp, Hunter, Mitchell, Underhill, Walker, Warwick, Weatherly West

Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation

Chairs: Cole, Crawford

Members: Barbee, Blue, Coates, Da\as, Dockham, Gulley Hiatt, McAllister, Saunders,
Sutton

Children, Youth and Eamilies

Chairs: Boyd-Mclnt)Te, Hunter

Vice-Chair: Warren

Members: xA.lexander, Barnhart, Easterling, Hiatt, Jeffus, Johnson, McAllister, Mitchell,
Morris, Pope

Congressional Redistricting

Chairs: McMahan, Wnght

608

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Vice-Chairs: Alexander, Dockham, Hill, Thompson

Member: Adams, Boyd-Mclntyre, Buchanan, Clary, Cox, Creech, Culpepper,
Cunningham, Daughtr)^, Davis, Decker, Ellis, Fox, Gibson, Gillespie, Goodwin,
Gray, Hurley, Jarrell, McCombs, Michaux, Miner, Mitchell, Morris, Nesbitt, Pope,
Russell, Saunders, Sexton, Willingham, Tolson, Walend, Warner, Warren.

Cultural Resources

Chair: Barefoot

Vice-Chair: Adams

Members: Buchanan, McLawhom, Miner, Mitchell, Morgan, Womble

Economic GroM'th and Community Development

Chairs: Cole, Morris

Vice-Chair: Holliman

Members: Alexander, Carpenter, Crawford, Goodwdn, Hunter, Walend, West, Womble

Education

Chairs: Bonner, Warner

Vice-Chair: Jeffus

Members: Alexander, Allen, Arnold, Barefoot, Bamhart, Bell, Blust, Bowie, Boyd-Mclntyre,
Carpenter, Coates, Cox, J. Crawford, M. Crawford, Creech, Dockham, Edwards,
Esposito, Fox, Goodwin, GuUey, Haire, Hensley, Hiatt, Hilton, Holmes, Insko,
Johnson, Lucas, McCombs, McLawhorn, McMahan, Michaux, Miller, Morgan,
Nesbitt, Nye, Oldham, Owens, Pope, Rayfield, Russell, Sexton, Sherrill, Smith,
Thompson, Tolson, Tucker, Underbill, Walend, Walker, EWarren, Warwick, Weiss,
West, Womble

Education Subcommittee on Community Colleges

Chair: McLawhom

Vice-Chairs: Arnold, Smith, Womble

Members: Allen, Bowie, Carpenter, Cox, Goodwin, McCombs, Oldham, Rayfield, Sexton,
Tolson, Walend, West

Education Subcommittee on Pre-School, Elementary and Secondary

Education

Chair: Warren

Vice-Chairs: Coates, Tucker

Members: Bell, Crawford, Dockham, Edwards, Gulley, Hensley, Hiatt, Johnson, Lucas,
Miller, Nesbitt, Nye, Pope, Russell, Sherrill, Underbill, Walker, Warwick, Weiss

609

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Education Subcommittee on Universities

Chair: Insko

Vice-Chairs: Haire, Holmes

Members: Alexander, Barefoot, Barnhart, Blust, Boyd-Mchityre, Crawford, Creech,
Esposilo, Fox, Hillon, McMahan, Michaux, Morgan, Owens, Thompson

Election Law and Campaign Finance Reform

Chair: Alexander

Vice-Chairs: Michaux, Nesbitt

Members: Arnold, Blue, Bonner, Church, Daughtiy, Decker, Goodwin, Justus, Kiser,
Luebke, Morris, Rayfield, Redwine, Rogers, Starnes, Thompson, Weatherly, Weiss

Environment and Natural Resources

Chairs: Gibson, McComas, Warwick

Vice-Chairs: Cox, Underbill, Weiss

Members: Allen, Bowie, Gulp, Davis, Gray, Gulley, Hackney, Hill, hisko, Luebke,
McCombs, Miner, Mitchell, Preston, Smith, Tucker, Warner, Weatherly

Ethics

Chair: Yongue

Vice-Chair: Gray

Members: Bmbaker, Esposito, Holmes, Hurle); Morgan, Saunders, Sutton, WaiTen

Ex-Officio of All Committees Except Redistricting

Members: Baddour, Cunningham, Dedmon, Earle, Hackney

Einance

Chairs: Allen, Buchanan, Luebke, WamwTight

Vice-Chairs: Hill, Jarrell

Members: Alexander, Blust, Capps, Cox, Creech, Decker, Dedmon, Eddins, Edwards,
Gibson, Gray, Hackney, Holhman, Hurley, Johnson, McComas, McCombs,
McMahan, Morris, Pope, Rayfield, Stames, Weiss, Willmgham, Wilson, C. Wilson,
Womble

Financial Institutions

Chairs: Church, Morgan

Vice-Chair: McAllister

610

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Members: Allred, Brubaker, Buchanan, Cole, Culpepper, Dockham, Gibson, Grady,
Harrington, Howard, McLawhorn, McMahan, Michaux, Miller, Smith, Wainwright,
Walend

Health

Chair: Wright

Vice-Chair: Edwards

Members: Allred, Bamhart, Brubaker, Buchanan, Clary, Crawford, Earle, Howard, Hunter,
Insko, Justus, Nye, Rogers, Sherrill, Wainwright

Highway Safety and Law Enforcement

Chairs: Dedmon, Kiser

Members: Bell, Capps, Cole, Dockham, league, Yongue

Insurance

Chairs: Dockham, Hurley

Vice-Chairs: Barbee, Hall, Wainwright

Members: Blue, Brubaker, Dedmon, Dockham, Grady, Hunter, Johnson, Justus, Redwme,
Saunders, Setzer, Smith, Warner, C. Wilson

Judiciary I

Chair: Hackney

Vice-Chairs: Blue, Nesbitt

Members: Alexander, Arnold, Blust, Boyd-Mclntyre, Clary, Gray, Insko, Redwine, Sutton,
Thompson, Walker

Judiciary 11

Chair: Baddour

Vice-Chair: Haire

Members: Bowie, Culpepper, Decker, Gulley Hall, Jeffus, Justus, Miller, Miner, Pope,
Sherrill, Weiss, Willinghamjudiciary 111

Chair: Sutton

Vice-Chair: Goodwin

Members: Cole, Daughtry Esposito, Fitch, Hall, Hill, Holmes, Hurley Miner, Wainwright

Judiciary III

Chair: Goodwin

Vice-Chairs: Barefoot, Michaux

611

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Members: Bell, Bonner, Capps, Cole, J. Crawford, M. Crawford, Daughtry, Ellis, EspositO|
Fox, Hensley, Holmes, Jarrell, Kiser, Russell, Weatherly

Legislative Redistricting I

Chair: Jusus, Sutton |

Vice-Chairs: Baddour, Cunningham, Dedmon, Earle, Gulley, Hackney, McComasi
Morgan, Sherrill i

Members: Allen, AUred, Barbee, Blue, Bonner, Bmbaker, Buchanan, Church, J. Crawford!
Culp, Eddins, Esposito, Grady, Haire, Hiatt, Holmes, Kiser, Luebke, McLawhomi
Miner, Nye, Oldham, Owens, Rayfield, Redwine, Rogers, Setzer, Smith, Wainwright
Warwick, Weatherly, West, G. Wilson

Local Government I

Chair: Dedmon |

Vice-Chair: McAllister I

Members: Adams, Buchanan, Decker, Ellis, Gibson, Hensley, Hill, Kiser, Saunders, Setzei'
league j

Local Govemnient 11 \

Chair: JaiTell |

Vice-Chair: Hurley I

Members: Barbee, Capps, Fox, Gillespie, Haire, Owens, Rogers, Walker, Warren, Wesl;
C. Wilson, G. Wilson, Womble f

I
Mental Health j

Chairs: 1. Crawford I

Vice-Chairs: Esposito, Insko i

Members: Alexander, Bell, Carpenter, M. Carpenter, Earle, Gillespie, HoUiman, Luca;;
Rayfield, Wai"wick, G. Wilson J

Military, Veterans and Indian Affairs

Chairs: Hurley, Warner

Vice-Chair: Lucas I

Members: Davis, Goodwin, Hiatt, McAllister, Morris, Sexton, Shubert, Smittj
SuttonPensions and Retirement I

Chair: Michaux j

Vice-Chair: Oldham '

Members: Barbee, Berry, Gray, Horn, McCombs, McCraiy, Morgan, Ramsey, Rogerj
Tucker, E. Warren, G. Wilson, Yongue

612

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

Pensions and Retirement

jchairs: Barefoot, Cox

iVice-Chair: McCombs

;Members: Barbee, Easterling, Hensley, Morgan, Oldham, Rogers, Shubert, Stames, Tolson,
i C. Wilson, G. Wilson, Yongue

Public Health

Chairs: Edwards

;Vice-Chair: McAllister

Members: Coates, M. Crawford, Creech, Easterlmg, Hiatt, Preston, Underbill, Weiss

Public Utilities

■Chair: Smith

i; Vice-Chairs: McComas, Saunders

;Members: Allred, Brubaker, Coates, Culpepper, Edwards, Grady, Holmes, Hurley,

■ McCombs, Rogers

Rules, Calendar, and Operations of the House

Chair: Culpepper

,Vice-Chair: Hackney

(Members: Allen, Allred, Barefoot, Bamhart, Boyd-Mclntyre, Buchanan, J. Crawford,
i Gulp, Gibson, Gulley Hill, Jarrell, Justus, Luebke, McComas, McCombs, McMahan,
I Michaux, Morgan, Rogers, Setzer, Sherrill, Thompson, Willingham, Yongue

[Science and Technology

I Chairs: Saunders, Tolson

Vice-Chair: Miller

Members: Boyd-Mclntyre, Clary, Gibson, Gray, Harrington, Hilton, Johnson, Tucker,
Wainwright, Walend

State Government

Chair: Jarrell

Vice-Chair: Luebke

Members: Adams, Baker, Bonner, Brubaker, Church, Coates, Cox, M. Crawford, Creech,
Gibson, Hensley, Holmes, McComas, Owens, Preston, Teague, West

613

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

State Personnel

Chairs: Hensley, Insko

Members: Bell, Easterling, Ellis, Kiser, Oldham, Russell, Shernll, Underhill, Walker i

I
I

Transportation i

Chairs: Allred, Saunders i

Members: Allen, Buchanan, Clary, Cole, J. Crawford, Culp, Dedmon, Earle, Eddins,!
Gibson, Gillespie, Hill, Hollmian, Lucas, Luebke, McComas, McLawhom, Nye,'
Sexton, Sherrill, Shubert, Sutton, league. Walker, Warwick, C. Wilson j

Tra\el and Tourism j

Chairs: Barefoot, league

Vice-Chair: Nesbitt ;

Members: Earle, Fox, Hunter, Jeffus, Owens, Preston, Rayfield, Shubert, Weatherly i

University Board of Governors Nominating

Chair: Oldham I

Vice-Chairs: Boyd-Mchit)Te

Members: Allen, Barbee, Bamhart, Bonner, J. Crawford, Goodwin, Grady, Gray, Gulley
Haire, Hensley, Holmes, Justus, McComas, McLawhom, McMahan, Sherrill

Ways and Mea»ts

Chair: Allred :

Members: Bowie, Cox, Decker, Eddins, Haire, McMahan, Michaux, Moms, Nye, Oldham.'
Pope, Redwane, Starnes, Weiss

Wildlife Resources

Chair: Gulley i

Members: Bonner, Buchanan, Hensley, Hiatt, Lucas, Sexton, Smith, West ;

614

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

2003-2004 Senate Roster

Marc Basnight (D)

Scott Thomas (D)

Clark Jenkins (D)

S'Robert Holloman (D)

Tony R Moore (D)

Cecil Hargett (D)

(John H. Kerr, III (D)

JR.C. Soles, Jr. (D)

Wrick J. Ballentme (R)

Charles Albertson (D)

jA.B. Swindell (D)

Fred Smith (R)

SDavid F. Weinstein (D)

iVernon Malone (D)

John Carrington (R)

JEric Miller Reeves (D)

'Richard Stevens (R)

jwib Gulley (D)

JTony Rand (D)

jjeanne H.Lucas (D)

Larry Shaw (D)

Harris Blake (R)

Eleanor Kinnaird (D)

Hugh Webster (R)

WiUiam R. Purcell (D)

Phil Berger (R)

Kay R, Hagan (D)

Katie G. Dorsett (D)

Jerry W. Tillman (R)

District

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Seventh

Eighth

Ninth

Tenth

Eleventh

Twelfth

Thirteenth

Fourteenth

Fifteenth

Sixteenth

Seventeenth

Eighteenth

Nineteenth

Twentieth

Twenty-First

Twenty-Second

Twenty-Third

Twenty-Fourth

Twenty-Fifth

Twenty-Sixth

Twenty-Seventh

Twenty-Eighth

Twenty-Ninth

Hometown

Manteo

New Bern

Tarboro

Ahoskie

Winterville

Richlands

Goldsboro

Tabor City

Wilmington

Beulaville

Nashville

Clayton

Lumberton

Raleigh

Youngsville

Raleigh

Gary

Durham

Fayetteville

Durham

Fayetteville

Pinehurst

Carrboro

Yanceyville

Laurinburg

Eden

Greensboro

Archdale

615

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2003-2004 Seiiate Roster (continued)

Name District

John A. Garwood CR) Thirtieth

Hamilton Horion (R) Thuty-First

Linda Garrou (D) Thirty-Second

Stan Bingham (R) Thirty-Third

Andrew C. Brock (R) Thirty-Fourth

Fern Shubert (R) Thirty-Fifth

Fletcher Hartsell (R)

Daniel Clodfelter (D)

Charlie Dannelly (D)

Robert A. Rucho (R)

Robert Pittenger (R)

R.B. Sloan, Jr. (R)

James Forrester {R)

David W. Hoyle (D)

Austin M. Allran (R)

Virginia Foxx (R)

Walter H. Dalton (D)

Joe Sam Queen (D)

Tom Apodaca (R)

Stephen M. Metcalf (D) Forty-Ninth

Robert Carpenter (R) Fiftieth

Thirty- Sixth

Thirty-Seventh

Thirty-Eighth

Thirty-Ninth

Fortieth

Fortv-First

Forty-Second

Forty-Third

Forty-Fourth

Forty-Fifth

Forty-Sixth

Fortv-Seventh

Forty-Eighth

Yioiineto'wn

North Wilkesboro

Winston-Salem

Denton

Mocksville

Marshville

Concord

Charlotte

Matthews

Charlotte

Mooresville

Stanley

Gastonia

Hickory

Banner Elk

Rutherfordton

Waynesville

Hendersonville

Asheville

Franklin

616

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

2003-2004 House of Representatives Roster

f^atne

i William C. Owens, Jr. (D)

fWilliam T. Culpepper, III (D)
JMichael A. Gorman (R)
Charles E. Johnson (D)
Howard J. Hunter, Jr. (D)
Arthur J. Williams (D)
John. D. Hall (D)
(Edith D. Warren (D)
[Marian N. McLawhom (D)
Stephen A. LaRoque (R)
Louis M. Pate, Jr. (R)
.William L. Wainwright (D)
Jean R. Preston (R)
Keith P Williams (R)
,W Robert Grady (R)
Carol)Ti H. Justice (R)
Bonner L. Stiller (R)
Thomas E. Wright (D)
iDaniel E McComas (R)
jDewey L. Hill (D)
iLarry M. Bell (D)
Edd Nye (D)
Joe P Tolson (D)
Jean Farmer-Butterfield (D)
Bill G. Daughtridge, Jr. (R)
Billy J. Creech (R)
•Stanley H. Fox (D)
IN. Leo Daughtry (R)
iPaul Miller (D)
iPaul Luebke(D)

District

First

Second

Third

Fourth

Fifth

Sixth

Seventh

Eighth

Ninth

Tenth

Eleventh

Twelfth

Thirteenth

Fourteenth

Fifteenth

Sixteenth

Seventeenth

Eighteenth

Nineteenth

Twentieth

Twenty-First

Twenty-Second

Twenty-Third

Twenty-Fourth

Twenty-Fifth

Twenty-Sixth

Twenty-Seventh

Twenty-Eighth

Twenty-Ninth

Thirtieth

Hometown

EUzabeth City

Edenton

Trent Woods

Greenville

Ahoskie

Washington

Scotland Neck

Earmville

Grifton

Kinston

Mount Olive

Havelock

Emerald Isle

Hubert

Jacksonville

Hampstead

Oak Island

Wilmington

Whiteville

Clinton

Elizabethtown

Pinetops

Wilson

Rocky Mount

Clayton

Oxford

Smithheld

Durham

617

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2003-2004 Hoiise of Representatives Roster (continued)

Name

Henry M. Michaux, jr. (D)

James W. Crawford, Jr. (D)
Bernard Allen (D)

Don Munford (R)
Jennifer Weiss (D)
David W. Miner (R)
Paul Stam (R)
Deborali K. Ross (D)
J. Sam Ellis (R)
Rick L. Eddms (R)
Margaret H. Dickson (D)
Marvin W Lucas (D)
Maiy McAllister (D)
Rick Glazier (D)
Alex Warner (D)
Douglas Y. Yongue (D)
Ronnie N. Sutton (D)
Donald A. Bonner CD)
Lucy T. Allen (D)
J. Russell Capps (R)
John I, Sauls {R)
Richard T. Morgan (R)
David R. Lewis (R)
Joe Hackney (D)
Gordon R Allen (D)
Verla C. Insko (D)
Joanne W Bowie (R)
Alma S. Adams (D)
Maggie Jeffus (D)
Earl Jones (D)

District

Thirty-First

Thirty-Second

Thirty-Third

Thirty-Eourth

Thirty-Fifth

Thirty-Sixth

Thirty-Seventh

Thirty-Eighth

Thirty-Ninth

Fortieth

Forty-First

Forty-Second

Forty-Third

Forty-Fourth

Forty-Fifth

Forty-Sixth

Forty-Seventh

Forty-Eighth

Forty-Ninth

Fiftieth

Fifty-First

Fifty-Second

Fifty-Third

Fifty-Fourth

Fifty-Fifth

Fifty-Sixth

Fifty-Seventh

Fifty-Eighth

Fifty-Ninth

Sixtieth

Hometown

Durham

Henderson

Raleigh

Gary

Apex

Raleigh

Fayetteville

Spring Lake

Fayetteville

Hope Mills

Laurinburg

Pembroke

Rowland

Louisburg

Raleigh

Sanford

Pmehurst

Dunn

Ghapel Hill

Roxboro

Ghapel Hill

Greensboro

618

THE STATE LEGISLATURE

CHAPTER FIVE

2003-2004 House of Representati\es Roster

District

Sixty-First

i^^ame

teve W Wood (R)

ohn M. Blust (R)

lice L. Bordsen (D)
tary D. Allred (R)
E. Nelson Cole (D)
^. Wayne Sexton, Jr. (R)
l\rlie ¥. Gulp (R)
J. Wayne Goodwin (D)
^ryor A. Gibson (D)
5obby H. Barbee (R)
prry W Womble (D)
parline W Parmon (D)

. Curtis Blackwood, Jr. (R)
'pnda P. Johnson (R)
ieffrey L. Barnhart (R)
'■A( Eugene McCombs (R)
Lorene T. Coates (D)
karold J. Brubaker (R)
Julia C. Howard (R)
lerry C. Dockham (R)

-. Hugh Holliman (D)
\N. Eugene Wilson (R)

I. Tracy Walker (R)

'hillip D. Frye (R)

vlitch Gillespie (R)

A^alter G. Church, Sr. (D)

idgar V. Starnes (R)

v4ark K. Hilton (R)

Mitchell S. Seltzer (R)

ames A. Harrell, 111 (D)

Sixty-Second

Sixty-Third

Sixty-Fourth

Sixty-Fifth

Sixty-Sixth

Sixty- Seventh

Sixty-Eighth

Sixty-Ninth

Seventieth

Seventy-First

Seventy-Second

Seventy-Third

Seventy-Fourth

Seventy-Fifth

Seventy-Sixth

Seventy-Seventh

Seventy-Eighth

Seventy-Ninth

Eightieth

Eighty-First

Eighty-Second

Eighty-Third

Eighty-Fourth

Eighty-Fifth

Eighty-Sixth

Eighty-Seventh

Eighty-Eighth

Eighty-Ninth

Ninetieth

(continued)

Hometown

High Point

Greensboro

Mebane

Burlington

Reidsville

Eden

Ramseur

Rockingham

Troy

Locust

Winston-Salem

Matthews

Kannapolis

Concord

Faith

Salisbury

Asheboro

Mocksville

Denton

Lexington

Boone

Wilkesboro

Spruce Pine

Marion

Valdese

Granite Falls

Conover

Catawba

Elkm

619

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2003-2004 House of Representatives Roster (continued)

Name

Rex L. Baker (R)

George M. Holmes (R)
William C. McGee (R)
Michael P. Decker CD)
Karen B. Ray (R)
W Franklin Mitchell (R)
Joe L. Kiser (R)
John W. Rhodes (R)
Drew P. Saunders (D)
James B. Black (D)
Beverly M. Earle (D)
Rebecca A. Carney (D)
Jim GuUey (R)
Constance K. Wilson (R)
W Edwm McMahan (R)
Martha B. Alexander (D)
W Pete Cunningham (D)
John M. Rayfield (R)
Patrick T. McHenry (R)
Debbie A. Clary (R)
Tim K. Moore (R)
Dr. Bob England (D)
Trudi Walend (R)
Martin L. Nesbitt, Jr. (D)
D. Bruce Goforth (D)
Wilma M. Sherrill (R)
Carol)Ti K. Justus (R)
Raymond C. Rapp (D)
R. PhiUip Haire (D)
Roger West (R)

Hometown

King

Hamptonville

Clemmons

Walkertown

Mooresville

Olin

Vale

Cornelius

Huntersville

Matthews

Charlotte

District

Nmety-First

Ninety-Second

Ninety-Third

Ninety-Fourth

Ninety-Fifth

Ninety-Sixth

Ninety-Seventh

Ninety-Eighth

Ninety-Ninth

One Hundredth

One Hundred-First

One Hundred-Second Charlotte

One Hundred-Third Matthews

One Hundred-Fourth Charlotte

One Hundred-Fifth Charlotte

One Hundred-Sixth Charlotte

One Hundred-Seventh Charlotte

One Hundred-Eighth Belmont

One Hundred-Ninth Gastonia

One Hundred-Tenth Cherrp'ille

One Hundred-Eleventh Shelby

One Hundred-Twelfth Ellenboro

One Hundred-TMiteentlT Brevard

One Hundred-Fourteenth

One Hundred-Fifteenth

One Hundred-Sixteenth

One Hundred-Se\'enteenth

One Hundred-Eighteenth

One Hundred-Nineteenth

One Hundred-Twentieth

Asheville

Hendersonville

Mars Hill

Sylva

Marble

620

THE STATE LEGISLATURE CHAPTER FIVE

621

The Judicial Branch

North Carolinas court system had many levels before the judicial branch
underwent comprehensive reorganization m the late 1960s. Statewide, the N.C.
Supreme Court had appellate jurisdiction, while the Superior Court had general
trial jurisdiction. Hundreds of Recorder's Courts, Domestic Relations Courts, Mayors
Courts, County Courts and Justice of the Peace Courts created by the General
Assembly existed at the local level, almost every one individually structured to meet
the specific needs of the towns and counties they served. Some of these local courts
stayed m session on a nearly full-time basis; others convened for only an hour or
two a week. Full-time judges presided over a handful of the local courts, although
most were not full-time. Some local courts had judges who had been trained as
lawyers. Many, however, made do with lay judges who spent most of their time
working in other careers. Salaries for judges and the overall administrative costs
varied from court to court, sometimes differing even within the same county In
some instances, such as justices of the peace, court ofhcials were compensated by
the fees they exacted and they provided their own facihties.

As early as 1955, certain citizens recognized the need for professionalizing and
streamlining the court system m North Carolina. At the suggestion of Governor
Luther Hodges and Chief Justice M.V Barnhill, the North Carolina Bar Association
sponsored an in-depth study that ultimately resulted in the restructuring of the
court system. Implementing the new structure, however, required amending Article
IV of the State Constitution. In November, 1962, the citizens of North Carolina
approved an amendment authorizing sweeping changes in the states judicial branch.
There was not enough time between the passage of the amendment and the convening
of the 1963 General Assembly to prepare legislation to implement the changes.

The General Assembly of 1963 created a Courts Commission and charged it
with preparing the new legislation. The Courts Commission began its study soon
after the adjournment of the session. The 1965 General Assembly approved
legislation containing the commissions recommendations for structuring a new
court system. The constitutional amendment and resulting legislation created an
Administrative Office of the Courts and estabUshed the framework for the District
Court Division.

During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the Supreme Court of North Carolina
was one of the busiest m the country. Faced with an increasing number of cases
dealing with its customary judicial business and a number of post-conviction appeals

ITHE JUDICIAL BRANCH

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

based on constilutional issues resulting from recent United States Supreme Court
decisions, the court was becoming overburdened. This situation led the 1965
General Assembly to submit a proposed amendment to Article IV of the North
Carolina Constitution. The new amendment authorized the creation of an
intermediate court of appeals to relieve pressure on the N.C. Supreme Court by
sharing the appeUaie caseload. Voters overwhelmingly approved this j
recommendation in the November, 1965, election. The 1967 General Assembly j
enacted the necessary legislation establishing the North Carolina Court of Appeals.
The Court of Appeals became operational on October 1, 1967.

The constitutional changes and legislation of the 1960s created the states current
multi-level court s)'stem. The judicial branch now contains two trial divisions, the
District Court Division and, above it, the Superior Court Division. The Appellate
Division consists of two levels — the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court.
The Administrative Office of the Courts, which began operations in 1965, provides
administrative support to the court system at ail levels.

North Carolina's counties still play an important role m keeping the wheels of
justice turning throughout the state. Prior to the reorganization of the judicial branch
in the 1960s, counties had extensive funding responsibility for the operations of '
various courts and court officials. The court reforms established a unified General 1
Court of Justice and the state assumed responsibility for funding and administering
virtually all court operations. Some county responsibilities, however, remain. Each I
county has the duty to adequately furnish and maintain a courthouse with at least
one courtroom and related facilities. In certain municipalities where the General
Assembly has authorized additional district court seats, individual municipalities
pro\ide court facilities.

The sheriff of each county, or one of the sheriffs deputies, performs the duties
of court bailiff. The bailiff opens and closes courts, carries out directions of the
judge in maintaining order during court sessions, takes care of jurors when they
are deliberating on a case and otherwise assists the judge. A court reporter records
the proceedings in most of the cases tried m superior court.

Jurors are drawn for each term of court by an independent three-member jury
commission m each county. The commissions select names at random from their
county's voter registration records, the list of licensed drivers residing in the county
and any other sources deemed reliable. Each name is given a number and the clerk
of superior court draws prospective juror numbers at random from a box. Drawn
numbers are matched to names held by the register of deeds and the sheriff summons
jurors from the resulting list. No occupation or class of person is summarily excused
from ]ury ser\'ice. State law, in fact, specifically declares jury service an obligation of
citizenship to be discharged by all qualified citizens. The chief district court judge
hears all requests to be excused from juiy service.

624

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

The states court system currently contains the following judicial bodies:

Supreme Court of North Carolina

The Supreme Court, the highest court in North Carolina's state judicial branch,
has functioned as an appellate court since 1805. Prior to 1819 the courts members
also acted as trial judges, holding terms in the different counties. The Supreme
Court does not use juries and it makes no determinations of fact. Instead the court
focuses on claims of error in legal procedures or in judicial interpretation of the
law. It hears oral arguments on the written record of cases previously tried by the
superior courts, district courts and certain administrative agencies and commissions.

The only original case jurisdiction exercised by the N.C. Supreme Court involves
the censure and removal of judges upon the non-binding recommendation of the
judicial Standards Commission. The N.C. Supreme Court hears all cases involving
constitutional questions or in which there has been dissent among members of the
Court of Appeals. The Supreme Court may, at its discretion, review Court of Appeals
decisions in cases of significant pubhc interest or cases involving legal principles of
major significance. Appeals of first-degree homicide convictions where the defendant
has been sentenced to death go automatically to the Supreme Court for review.
Automatic review is also available in Utilities Commission general rate cases. In all
other cases, appeals of lower-court or administrative agency decisions must be made
to the Court of Appeals. The N.C. Supreme Court may, at its discretion, hear appeals
directly from the trial courts in cases involving significant public interest, cases
involving legal principles of major significance where delay would cause substantial
harm or when the Court of Appeals docket is unusually full.

Since 1937 the N.C. Supreme Court has consisted of a chief justice and six
associate justices. Prior to the reforms of the 1960s, the courts membership varied
from only three members (1818-1868; 1875-1889) to as many as five members
(1868-1875; 1889-1937). The chief justice and the associate justices are elected by
the states voters, each for an eight-year term. If a vacancy occurs during a term, the
governor appoints an interim justice to fill the vacancy until the next general election.

The N.C. Supreme Court sits to hear oral arguments in its courtroom in the
justice Building in Raleigh with the chief justice presiding. The senior ranking
justice presides when the chief justice is absent. The court sits en banc with all
members present to hear each case. Associate justices are seated alternately to the
right or left of the chief justice according to their seniority in years of service on the
court. Administrative officers of the N.C. Supreme Court include the clerk, the
librarian and the reporter, all of whom are appointed by the court and serve at its
pleasure. The Appellate Division reporter prepares opinions of both the Supreme
Court and the Court of Appeals.

For more information regarding this topic, please refer to Martin Brinkley's
piece, Supreme Court of North Carolina: A Brief History following this section.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

No it/i Carolina Court of Appeals

The 1965 consUlutional amendment and legislation that estabUshed the Court '
of Appeals prox'ided for a total of nine judges to be elected for eight-year terms. The |
General Assembly created three additional seats on the court in 1977, bringing the i
total number of judges to twelve. The bulk of the Court of Appeals' caseload consists !
of cases appealed from the trial courts. The court also hears direct appeals of certain j
administrative agency decisions. The Court of Appeals sits m panels of three judges. !
This arrangement allows the court to hear arguments m separate cases at the same '
time. The chief justice of the N.C. Supreme Court designates one of the judges of I
the Court of Appeals as chief judge. The chiel judge assigns appellate judges to the
four panels so that each will sit, as nearly as possible, an equal number of times ;
with every other judge. The Court of Appeals sits primarily m Raleigh, although it \
may sit m other locations throughout the state as authorized by the Supreme Court. I
The Court of Appeals appoints a clerk to serve at its pleasure. Opinions of the

Court of Appeals are prepared by the Appellate Division reporter.

Superior Court

North Carolina's superior courts are the general jurisdiction trial courts lor the
state. The superior court has original jurisdiction in all felony cases and in certain j
misdemeanor cases. Most misdemeanants, however, are tried hrst m district court
and convictions may be appealed to the superior court for trial de novo by a jury, j
Superior court also hears civil cases where the amount m controversy exceeds
$10,000 and it has jurisdiction over appeals from most administrative agencies.
Regardless of the amount in controversy, the original civil jurisdiction of the superior
court does not include domestic relations cases, probate and estates matters. Likewise,
It does not hear certain special proceedings that arc instead heard first by the clerk
of superior court. Rulings of the clerk, however, are withm the appellate jurisdiction
of superior court.

North Carolina's 100 counties are grouped into superior court districts. Each
district has at least one senior resident superior court judge who has certain
administrative responsibilities for his or her home district. Resident superior court
judges are elected by statewide ballot to ofhce for eight-year terms. In addition, the !
governor may appoint a limited number of special superior court judges pursuant
to statute.

Superior court districts are grouped into eight divisions for the rotation of
superior court judges. 'Within each division, resident superior court judges are
required to rotate among the superior court districts and hold court for at least six
months m each, then move on to their next assignment. Special superior court
judges may be assigned to hold court m any county The chief justice of the N.C.
Supreme Court, assisted by the Administrative Office ot the Courts, makes all
assignments of superior court judges. North Carolina's constitution requires that at

626

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

least two sessions of superior court be held in each county every year. The vast
majority of counties have more than the constitutional minimum, with many larger
counties having superior court sessions nearly every week in the year.

District Court

The court reorganization in three phases of the 1960s established a uniform
system of district courts throughout the state. In December of 1966, district court
was activated in 22 counties, followed by an additional 61 counties in December,
1968, and the remaining 17 counties in December, 1970. As district courts opened
in each judicial district, all courts below the level of superior court were abolished.
All cases pending in the aboUshed courts were transferred to the dockets of the
district court for trial. All records of the abolished courts were transferred to the
Office of the Clerk of Superior Court, who is required to maintain a system of
consolidated records of both superior court and district court. Counties were relieved
of all expenses incident to the operation of the courts except the expense of providing
adequate physical facilities.

The General Assembly has grouped North Carolina's 100 counties into district
court districts. District court must sit in at least one place in each county. District
court has exclusive origmal jurisdiction of virtually all misdemeanors and infractions
(non-criminal violations of law not punishable by imprisonment), probable cause
hearings in felony cases, all juvenile proceedings and mental health hospital
commitments, as well as domestic relations cases. It also exercises jurisdiction over
civil cases where the amount in dispute is $10,000 or less. District courts provide
jury trial upon demand in civil cases. Appeals of civil case decisions go to the Court
of Appeals on questions of law only. District courts are not authorized to empanel
juries in criminal cases. Appeals of district court decisions in criminal cases are for
trial de novo before a jury in superior court.

One or more district court judges are elected to four-year terms in each district.
In multi-judge districts, the chief justice of the N.C. Supreme Court designates one
of the judges as chief district court judge. Subject to supervision by the chief justice,
chief district court judges exercise administrative supervision and authority over
the operation of the district courts and magistrates in the district. District court
judges serve full-time.

Magistrates

With the establishment of district courts in all of the states counties, the offtce
of justice of the peace was abolished and replaced by the newly-fashioned position
of magistrate. Magistrates function within district court as subordinate judicial
officials. Appointed by the senior resident superior court judge upon
recommendation of the clerk of superior court, magistrates serve a term of two
years. The chief district court judge supervises magistrates in his or her particular

627

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

disirict. Magistrates exercise extensive autliorities within the district court division.
Magistrates try certain misdemeanor worthless check cases and civil suits designated
as small claims cases. They may also accept written appearances, waivers of trial
and pleas of guilty or admissions o( responsibility in certain misdemeanor and
infraction cases, as well as conduct initial appearances, grant bail before trial m
non-capital cases and issue arrest and search warrants.

District Attorneys

North Carolina is divided into prosecutorial districts, each of which has a district
attorney who is elected to a four-year term. District attorneys represent the state in
criminal actions brought m the superior and district courts in the district and m
juvenile cases. District attorneys are also responsible for ensuring that infraction
cases are prosecuted efficiently. In addition to prosecutorial functions, the district
attorney m each district is responsible for calendaring criminal cases for trial.

Public Defenders and Other Representation for Indigent Persons

The state provides legal counsel m a variety of actions and proceedings for
defendants who ha\'e been determined by a judge to be hnancially unable to hire
their own attorneys. As of hscal year 2000-01, there were 11 public defenders and
121 assistant public defenders representing indigent persons m 13 counties. Public
defenders are appointed by the Senior Resident Superior Court Judge for four-)'ear
terms. In the remaining counties, representation of indigent persons is provided
almost entirely by assignment of private counsel. Private counsel is assigned by the
court, the Ofhce of Indigent Defense Services and, in certain circumstances, the
public defender. There is also an Appellate Defender Ofhce to handle criminal defense
services for indigent persons who appeal convictions to the Supreme Court or
Court of Appeals.

Commission on Indigent Defense Services

The Indigent Ser\'ices Act of 2000 created this thirteen-member commission.
The commission and its staff, the Ofhce of Indigent Defense Services, are located
within the judicial branch, but exercise their prescribed powers independently of
the AOC. The commission and the director of the Ofhce of Indigent Defense Ser\ices
are responsible for establishing, supervising and maintaining a system for providing
legal representation and related services in all cases where indigent persons are
entitled to representation at state expense.

628

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

Clerks of Superior Court

A clerk of superior court is elected to a four-year term in each county. The clerk
hears and decides special proceedings such as adoptions, condemnations, partitions
and foreclosures. The clerk also serves as ex-ofhcio judge of probate and performs
record-keeping and administrative functions for both the superior and district courts
of the county.

Trial Court Administrators

Across 13 superior court districts, 1 1 trial court administrators assist m managing
the day-to-day administrative operations of the trial courts. Their responsibilities
include civil case calendaring, improving jury utilization and estabhshing and
managing local court rules. Trial administrators are appointed and super\4sed by
the senior resident superior court judge.

In 1994 Chief Justice James G. Exum appointed the Commission for the Future
of Justice and the Courts in North Carolina, chaired by John Medlin, chairman of
Wachovia Corporation. The commissions mission was to undertake the most
comprehensive review of the state courts since the present structure was estabUshed
in the 1960s. The commissions membership and operation were deliberately
designed to ensure that its examination would be fresh and independent and the
27-member commission included no active member of the judiciary. The
commission met for two years and issued a final report on their study. Without
Favor, Denial or Delay, in December, 1996. The commission concluded that sweeping
reforms were needed to restructure the court system to allow the most effective use
of existing resources, to support cost-efficient investments in new support personnel
and technology, to clearly assign responsibiUty and provide accountabiUty, to better
address the legal problems of families, to protect the judiciary from politics, to
include citizens m the governance of the courts and to provide fiexibility for change
in an unpredictable future. Many of the commissions recommendations are subjects
of legislative interest and consideration.

Several on-going commissions are important to the work of the Judicial Branch:

Judicial Standards Commission

This seven-member commission exists as the appropriate agency to investigate
complaints about the qualifications or conduct of any justice or judge. Upon
recommendation of the commission, the Supreme Court may censure or remove a
judge or, when an action less severe than censure or removal is justified, issue a
private admonition.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

SeiUencing and Policy Advisoiy Commission

Created in 1990, the Sentencing Commission recommends modifications of
sentencing laws and policies and for the addition, deletion or expansion of sentencing
options. The commissions prior work led to the passage and implementation of
the Structured Sentencing Act, which prescribes sentencing options for the court
based on the severity of the offense and the prior record of the offender. The
commission consists of 29 members drawn from all three branches ol government,
from all areas of the criminal justice system and from the public.

Courts Commission

The 28-member Courts Commission consists of court officials, attorneys,
legislators and the public. It exists to study the structure, organization, jurisdiction,
procedures and personnel withm the North Carolina court system and to recommend
to the General Assembly any changes that will facilitate the administration of justice.

Judicial Council

The new, legislatively-created Judicial Council convened for the first time m
2000. The council, modeled after similar bodies m other states, is comprised of 17
members appointed by various authorities. The council studies the judicial system,
reviews budgets and budget priorities, studies judicial salaries and benefits and
recommends the creation of judgeships.

Public Defender

For more information about North Carolina's court system, call North Carolina
Supreme Court: (919) 733-3723, North Carolina Court of Appeals: (919) 733-
3561 or N.C. Administrative Office of the Courts Public Information Office: (919)
733-7107. You can also visit the Administrative Office of the Courts Web site at
www.aoc.state.nc.us.

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THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

The Supreme Court of North Carolina:
A Brief History

Contributed by Martin H. Brinkley

The legal and historical origins of the Supreme Court of North CaroHna lie in
the State Constitution of 1776, which empowered the General Assembly to appoint
"Judges of the Supreme Courts of Law and Equity" and "Judges of Admiralty" Until
1799, however, North Carolina had no appellate court. That year, two of the states
four superior court judges were commissioned to gather at Raleigh to dispose of
appeals involving disputed questions of law that had arisen on the judicial circuits.
Although this twice-yearly gathering of trial judges, later named the "Court of
Conference," carried a short docket, its decisions were important to North Carolina's
infant public institutions. In 1805, for example, the Court of Conference declared
unconstitutional an attempt by the General Assembly to deprive the University of
North Carolina of property it had acquired through its right to escheats (Trustees of
the University of North Carolina v Foy 5 N.C. (1 Mur.) 58 (1805)). The courts
invocation of the due process (or "law of the land") clause of the state Declaration of
Rights to invalidate a legislative enactment recalled a celebrated en banc Superior
Court case that had established the power of judicial review in North Carolina.
(Bayard v. Singleton, 1 N.C. (Mart.) 5 (1787)). Together, these two holdings assured
the supremacy of the North Carolina Constitution as the fundamental law of the
state.

By an 1805 statute the Court of Conference was renamed the "Supreme Court,"
although its composition remained the same: a quorum of Superior Court judges
sitting en banc to review their own decisions. In 1810, the court became a tribunal
of public record. The judges were ordered to reduce their opinions to writing and
deliver them viva voce (orally) in open court, for which they were paid an additional
$50 per year. They were also authorized to elect from their number a chief justice.
John Louis Taylor, a twelve-year veteran of the North Carolina Superior Court bench,
was chosen for this position. By the same act, the governor was directed to procure
a seal and motto for the court. Any party in an action adjudicated in the Superior
Court could appeal the resulting decision.

Acting upon a bill introduced by William Gaston of New Bern, the General
Assembly in November, 1818, created the separate Supreme Court contemplated
by the 1776 Constitution. The new tribunal was to be composed of a chief justice
and two "judges," and was commissioned to exercise exclusive appellate jurisdiction
over questions of law and equity arising in the Superior Courts. The legislators
elected John Louis Taylor, Leonard Henderson and John Hall the hrst members of
the N.C. Supreme Court. Empowered to elect their own chief justice, Judges
Henderson and Hall chose Taylor to fill his old post. The first meeting of the court

631

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 '

look place on Januar)' 1, 1819. The couri began holding two sittings, or "terms", I
per year. The first sitting began on the second Monday in June and the second on I
the last Monday in December. This schedule endured until the Constitution of i
1868 prescribed the tirst Mondays m January and July for the sittings. Vacancies on ;
the Court were hlled temporarily by the governor, with the assistance and advice of |
the Council of State, until the end of the next session of the General Assembly. i

The General Assembl)'s creation of an independent appellate judiciary ran counter '
to the reforming democratic spirit of Jacksonian North Carolina. From the beginning :
opponents objected to the judges' salaries, which at $2,500 per year were considered '
extravagant (the governors salary was only $2,000). The provision allowing judges
to "hold office during good behavior" — a virtual guarantee of life tenure — angered
reformers, who thought the Court an elitist institution too far removed from the
people. The growing population of the western counties, naturally given to criticizing !
an unresponsive, distant state government dominated by eastern planters, protested '
the long journeys their lawyers had to undertake in order to argue cases appealed
from the overburdened western circuits to the Supreme Court. Superior Court judges
who resented being reversed on appeal added their voices to the chorus of opposition.
The enemies of the Court, Senator Gaston predicted m 1821, sought to "make a
mob court of it by getting the [Superior Court] judges on it and thus destroying its j
most valuable features, its perfect separation from the tribunals whose decisions it
revises." ,

Throughout the 1820s, legislators who believed that the chief justice and the
two judges should be elected at large by the people leveled regular attacks at the
Supreme Court. The thin reed of legislative support for the Court nearly snapped m
1832, when a bill was introduced to reduce the salaries of the judges from $2,500
to $2,000. This measure and others sponsored by populist politicians throughout
the 1820s and 1830s — including a proposed 1835 constitutional amendment
dissolving the court outright — were defeated m large measure due to the personal
prestige of the judges themselves. The election of former Superior Court Judge and
State Bank President Thomas Rufhn to the bench in 1829 effectively ensured the
Courts survival. Ranked by Harvard Law School Dean Roscoe Pound as one of the
ten greatest jurists in American history, Rufhn singlehandedly transformed the
common law of North Carolina into an instrument of economic change. His writings
on the subject of eminent domain — the right of the state to seize private property
for the public good — paved the way for the expansion of railroads into North '
Carolina, enabling the so-called Rip Van Winkle State to embrace the Industrial
Revolution. Rufhns opinions were cited as persuasive authority by appellate tribunals
throughout the United States. The influence his decisions exercised upon the nascent
jurisprudence of the states then known as the Southwest (Alabama, Louisiana,
Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi), which were settled by emigrating North I

632

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

Carolinians m large numbers, made Ruffm a celebrated figure at home. Public
veneration of the "stern prophet," as Ruffin was called, preserved his Court from
destruction.

The accession of William Gaston, who had sponsored the 1818 Supreme Court

bill m the General Assembly, to the high bench in 1833 silenced all but the most

jradical democrats from openly declaring their opposition to the Court. More

jstatesman than legal technician, Gaston's concurrence lent weight to Ruffins elaborate

lexpressions m politically-charged cases such as Hoke v. Henderson, 15 N.C. (4

iDev.) 1 (1833) in which the Court held that a public office such as that of Supreme

Court judge was "property" protected by the "Law of the Land" clause of the State

Constitution. The respect Ruffin commanded led the Court to avoid overruling

[Hoke, which many thought an incorrect decision, until 1903, more than three

1 decades after his death. Together Gaston and Ruffin, whom his colleagues elected

•chief justice in 1833 (by a coin toss, according to a popular but probably apocryphal

[account), dominated their less-talented brother judges, rendering treatise-like

opinions that inspired one contemporary to exclaim: "No State of the Union . . . not

even the United States, ever had a Superior Bench; few ever had its equal."

The N.C. Supreme Court survived the Civil War, during which its docket was
[greatly diminished, under the able, if somewhat domineering leadership, of Chief
Justice Richmond Pearson. Four major reforms befell the Court as a result of North
{Carolina's adoption of a new constitution in 1868. First, in an extensive revision of
'the judicial article, the Court became a constitutional tribunal that owed its existence

to the fundamental law of the state rather than to a legislative enactment. (Although
,it can be argued that the 1776 Constitution had commanded the creation of a Supreme
; Court, such an interpretation apparently was never advanced by the Court's
iproponents during the antebellum period.) Second, the number of judges was
'increased from three to five, with the chief justice retaining his title and his brethren

receiving the appellation "associate justices." Third, the selection of Supreme Court
jjudges was removed from the General Assembly and entrusted to popular sovereignty.
I The justices, including the chief justice, were to be elected by the people to eight-
{year terms. In the event of a vacancy, the governor was to appoint a locum tenens
[(temporary judge) to sit until after the next general election for members of the
{General Assembly. Finally, in a progressive move, the new judicial article merged
ithe formerly separate law and equity jurisdictions of the Court into a single "form
j of action for the enforcement or protection of private rights or the redress of private
I wrongs."

The final decades of the nineteenth century witnessed rapid change in the Court's
membership as conservative Democrats regained political hegemony following the

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Republican domination of Reconstruction. Additional constitutional amendments;
reduced the Courts membership back to three m 1876. By 1888, however, the j
courts crushing workload, made public by the early death of Justice Thomas S. j
Ashe from sheer exhaustion, led North Carolinians to ratify an amendment restoring !
the Courts number to five. ;

By placing the selection of Supreme Court justices m the hands of the populace, i
the 1868 Constitution presaged — and perhaps rendered inevitable — the appellate I
judiciary's descent into partisan poUtics. In the elections ot 1894 and 1896, two
Republicans, David M. Furches and Robert M. Douglas (son of Illinois Senator |
Stephen A. Douglas, Abraham Lmcolns principal opponent in the presidential-
election of 1860) were elected to the Court. In 1900 the justices, by a vote of four
to one, declared unconstitutional important legislation enacted by the Democratic
General Assembly m 1899. The following year Furches, whom Republican Governor
Daniel L. Russell appointed chief justice in 1900 upon the death of Chief Justice :
W.T. Faircloth, and Douglas were jointly impeached by the House of Commons tor
issuing an allegedly unconstitutional writ of mandamus ordering the state treasurer'
to pay out money The indictment was sustained by a majority of the Senate, but
did not receive the two-thirds vote necessary to convict and remove the justices
from ofhce. Furches and Douglas each ser\'ed out his elected term and retired from,
the Court.

The N.C. Supreme Court sat m the State Capitol at Raleigh throughout most of'
the nineteenth century, retreating to the meeting house of Raleighs First Presbyterian
Church after the Capitol burned m 1831. The General Assembly passed legislation
m 1846 that required the Court to hold an August Term m Morganton for the
convenience of lawyers from the western counties. This practice ceased when the
outbreak of war m 1861 made travel increasingly dangerous. For the rest of the
nineteenth century, "Morganton decisions," rendered m the absence of a law library
were widely disparaged by the bar. Lav^'ers sometimes pointed to their provenance
as evidence of inferior quality From 1888 until 1940, the justices successively
occupied buildings on the north and south edges of Raleighs Union Square. The
present courtroom, conference room and the chambers oi the justices are on the.
third floor of the Justice Building (completed m 1940), where the members ot the
Court work throughout the year. j

The lengthy tenures of two chief justices, Walter Clark (1903-24) and Walter P.
Stacy (1925-51), saw the Supreme Court through the first half of the Twentieth'
Century In 1936 the judicial article of the State Constitution was amended to provide
that the Court should consist of a chief justice and not more than six associate^
justices. The General Assembly enacted enabling legislation the following year that.

634

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

authorized the governor to appoint two additional associate justices, bringing the
• membership of the Court to its current composition of seven members.

The Twentieth Century has called upon justices to delineate the responsibilities
' and limitations of a burgeoning state bureaucracy. Many of these governmental
controversies have at their root questions regarding separation of powers: the
j principle that the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government should
be, in the words of the North Carolina Declaration of Rights, "forever separate and
distinct." At the same time, the Court has continued to labor in the vineyards of the
common law, expanding it as required, to meet the demands of a rapidly-changing
state. Justices in recent years have occasionally interpreted the State Constitution as
a more capacious vessel of individual rights than its federal counterpart.

I Public interest in the N.C. Supreme Court as an institution has risen over the
last three decades as a series of "first" justices mounted the bench. In 1970 Governor

' Robert W Scott appointed his predecessor in the Executive Mansion, Daniel Killian

■ Moore, associate justice. Moore became the hrst former governor to serve on the
Supreme Court. The election of Susie Marshall Sharp — the first woman in North
Carolina history to become a judge of Superior Court and an associate justice of the
Supreme Court — as chief justice in 1974 marked the first election of a woman to

I the highest judicial post of any state. In 1983 Governor James B. Hunt, Jr., appointed
Henry E. Frye, a Greensboro lawyer, associate justice. Frye is the first African-

i American to serve on the Court. Justice Frye made history a second time in 1999
when he became the first African-American to serve as chief justice of the Court.

At the suggestion of Chief Justice James G. Exum, Jr., and others, the General
Assembly m 1987 established a Judicial Selection Study Commission to review
North Carolina's method of judicial selection and retention. This commission
recommended that Supreme Court justices be appointed rather than elected and
proposed a constitutional amendment creating an appointive system. An amended
version of this plan has passed the Senate repeatedly in recent years, but has failed
to garner the necessary three-fifths vote in the House of Representatives. Efforts to
eliminate the practice of electing appellate judges will likely continue in forthcoming
legislative sessions.

The primary function of the N.C. Supreme Court is to decide questions of law
that have arisen in the lower courts and before state administrative agencies. The
justices spend most of their time outside the courtroom reading written case records,
studying briefs prepared by lawyers, researching applicable law and writing opinions

I exposing the reasoning upon which the Courts determinations are based. The
concurrence of four justices generally is required for a decision. Each of the seven

I justices participates in every case, except in unusual situations in which a justice
may feel compelled to recuse himself or herself from sitting.

635

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

In addition lo cases awaiting decision, justices consider numerous petitions in
which a party seeks to bring a case before the Court for adjudication. Although
most such requests are denied, the justices read hundreds of records and briefs and
spend many hours m conference deUberating their merits. Each justice writes several
hundred printed pages of opinions each year. These opinions are published m the
North Carolina Reports and in several unofhcial publications and may be found in
major law libraries throughout the world.

The North Carolina Supreme Court Historical Society, Inc., was chartered as a
non-profit corporation in 1992 to preserve and celebrate the history of the Supreme
Court of North Carolina, as well as heighten public appreciation of the history and
achievements of North Carolina's entire judicial system. The society is composed
of judges, court ofhcials, lawyers and laypersons and membership is open to the
public. Contact the Supreme Court Librarian for more information.

References

Kemp P. Battle, An Address on the History of the SuprenK Court, 103 N.C. 339 C1883).

David M. Britt, Update of the History of the Supreme Court of North CaroUna, 326
N.C. 839 (1990).

Walter Clark, History of the Supreme Court of North Carohna, 177 N.C. 617 (1919).

John V Orth, The North Carohna State Constitution: A Reference Guide (1993).

636

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

I.Beverly Lake, Jr.

Chief Justice

N.C. Supreme Court

Early Years

Born in Raleigh, Wake County, in 1934 to Justice
and Mrs. I. Beverly Lake, Sr.

Educational Background

* Wake Forest Grammar and High Schools; Mars Hill
, College, 1951; B.S. in History and English, Wake
(Forest University, 1955; J.D., Wake Forest

University School of Law, 1960; National Judicial

College, 1987.

Professional Background

Associate Justice, N.C. Supreme Court, 1995-Present (elected 1994); Associate
Justice, N.C. Supreme Court, 1992 (appointed 1992); Judge, Superior Court, 1985-
1991; Governors Legislative Liaison and Chief Lobbyist, 1985 Session; Private
Practice, 1976-1985; Deputy Attorney General, 1974-76; Assistant Attorney General,
1969-74; Private Practice, 1960-69.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member, N.C. Bar Association; Wake County Bar Association; Association of
Interstate Commerce Commission Practitioners.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

National Advisory Board, Monitor Research and Recovery Foundation, 1975-79;
Board of Visitors, Wake Forest University School of Law, 1995-Present; Advisory
Board, Occoneechee Council, Boy Scouts of America.

Military Service

Intelligence Staff Ofhcer, U.S. Army, 1956-58; Member, Staff and Faculty, U.S. Army
Reserve School, 1960-68 (Captain); N.C. State MiUtia, State Staff Judge Advocate,
1989-92 (Colonel).

Honors and Awards

Honorary Doctor of Laws, Campbell University; 1958 and 1964 Commendation
for Meritorious Service, U.S. Army; 1948 Eagle Scout.

Personal Information

Married to Susan Deichmann Smith Lake of New Bern. Four children. Eight
grandchildren. Member, Ridge Road Baptist Church, Raleigh.

637

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Sarah E. Parker

Associate Justice
N.C. Supreme Court

Early Years

Born in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, on August
23, 1942, to Augustus and Zola Elizabeth Smith
Parker (deceased).

Educational Background

Garinger High School, Charlotte, 1960; Meredith
College, 1960-1962; B.A., UNC-Chapel Hill,
1964; J. D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1969;
Institute of Judicial Administration Appellate
Judges Seminar, 1987.

Professional Background

Associate Justice N.C. Supreme Court, 1993-Present (re-elected, November 5,
1996); Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1985-1993 (appointed, December 28, 1984;
elected, November 4, 1986; re-elected, November 6, 1990); Attorney m Private
Practice, 1969-1984; Volunteer, U.S. Peace Corps, Ankara, Turkey, 1964-1966.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association (Vice President, 1987-88); American Bar Association; Wake
County Bar Association.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Visitors, UNC-Chapel Hill; N.C. Courts Commission; Former Member,
Advisory Council, N.C. Correctional Center tor Women..

Honors and Awards

1998 Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Queens College; 1997 Woman of
Achievement Award, General Federation ot Women's Clubs; 1997 Gwyneth B. Davis
Public Service Award, N.C. Women Attorneys Association.

Personal Information

Member, Christ Episcopal Church, Charlotte.

638

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

Robert Holt Edmunds, Jr.

Associate Justice
N.C. Supreme Court

Educational Background

Cum Laude Graduate, Woodberry Forest School,
Woodbury Forest, Va., 1967 (National Merit
Scholarship Finalist); Williams College,
Wilhamstown, Massachussetts, 1967-69; B.A. in
English, General Honors Graduate, Vassar College,
1971; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1975.

Professional Background

Associate Justice, N.C. Supreme Court, 2001-Present;

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1999-2000; U.S. Attorney Middle District of North

Carolina, 1986-93; Assistant U.S. Attorney Middle District of North Carolina, 1982-

86; Assistant District Attorney, Eighteenth Judicial District, Guilford County, 1978-

82.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

North CaroUna State Bar; Virginia State Bar; N.C. Bar Association (Appellate Rules
Study Committee)..

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Member and Secretary, Board of Directors, Greensboro Criminal Defense
Lawyers Association; Guilford Inn of Court; Board of Directors, Bar CARES.

Military Service

Ensign, U.S. Na\7, 1975-77.

Honors and Awards

1987 Prosecutor of the Year, Third Place, International Association of Credit Card
Investigators; 1988 Prosecutor of the Year, Carolinas Chapter of the International
Association of Credit Card Investigators; 1990 Certihcate of Appreciation, Drug
Enforcement Administration; 1993 Award, U.S. Department of Justice; 1993 Award,
Internal Revenue Service.

639

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Robert F.Orr

Associate Justice,
N.C. Supreme Court

Early Years

Born Oclober 11, 1946, in Noiiolk,
Vircmia, lo Robert K. and Minnie Sue Orr.

Educational Background

Hendersonville High School, 1964; A.B.,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1964-68, 1971; J. D.,
UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1975.

Professional Background

Associate Justice, N.C. Supreme Court,
1995-Present; lud2,e, North Carolina Court
of Appeals, 1986-94; Attorney, Private
Practice, Asheville, N.C. 1975-86; Adjunct
Prolessor, N.C. Central University School of Law, 1989-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Einstein Institute for Science, Health and the Courts; Chair, Planning Committee,
Southeastern States Conference on Genetics and the Courts, 1999-2000; N.C. Bar
Association, NCBA Vice President, 1991-92.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Governors Crime Commission, 1998-Present; Board of Visitors, UNC-Chapel 14ill,
1996-99; N.C. Commission on the Deliver)' of Civil Legal Seivices, 1998.

Military Service

U.S. Army 1968-71.

Personal Information

Married, Louise H. Wilson Orr. Four children. Member, St. Michaels Episcopal
Church, Raleigh.

640

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

Mark D. Martin

Associate Justice,
N.C. Supreme Court

Early Years

Born April 29, 1963, to Dr. M. Dean (deceased)
and Ann Martin.

Educational Background

B.S.B.A., Summa Cum Laude, Western Carolina
University, 1985; J.D. with Honors, UNC-Chapel
Hill School of Law, 1988; LL.M., University of
Virginia School of Law, 1998.

Professional Baclzground

Associate Justice, N.C. Supreme Court, 1999-Present; Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals,
1994-99; Resident Judge, Superior Court, Judicial District 3-A (Pitt County), 1992-
94; Legal Counsel to Gov. James G. Martin, 1991-92; Attorney, McNair Law Firm,
1990-91; Law Clerk, Clyde H. Hamilton, U.S. District Judge, 1988-90; Editor-in-
Chief, N.C. Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 1987-88.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Bar Association; N.C. Bar Association; Minorities m the Profession
Committee and Multidisciplinary Task Force.

Elective or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Secretary, North Carolina Judicial Conference, 1997-99; Member, Appellate Courts
Computer Commission; Member, N.C. Council for Women, 1992-93.

Honors and Awards

1992 Order of the Long Leaf Pine; 1995 Distinguished Alumnus Award, Western
Carolina University; 1992 Fellow, N.C. Institute of PoHtical Leadership.

Personal Information

Married to Kym Lake Martin of Wake County.

641

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

George LWainwright, Jr.

Associate Justice
N.C. Supreme Court

Early Years

Born in Wilson, Wilson County, to George L.,
Sr., and Susan Mitchell Wainwright.

Educational Background

Fike High School, Wilson, 1962; A.B., UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1966; J. D., Wake Forest University
School of Law, 1984.

Professional Background

Associate Justice, N.C. Supreme Court, 1998-
Present; Attorney Wheatly, Wheatly, Nobles &
Weeks, 1984-91; N.C. Superior Court Judge,
1994-98.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Lookout Rotary Morehcad City; N.C. Bar Association.

Military Service

E-3, U.S. Coast Guard.

Honors and Awards

Morehead Scholar.

Personal Information

Married to Carol McChesney Wamwright. Two children. Member, First Presbyterian
Church, Morehead City

642

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

G.K. Butterfield, Jr.

Associate Justice
N.C. Supreme Court

Early Years

Born in Wilson, Edgecombe County,
on April 27, 1947, to Dr. G.K. and
Addie Davis Butterfield.

Educational Background

Charles H. Darden High School,
Wilson, 1965; B.A. in Political Science
and Sociology, North Carolina Central
University, 1971; J.D., NCCU
University School of Law, 1974.

Professional Background

Associate Justice, N.C. Supreme Court,

2001-Present; Superior Court Judge, 1988-2000; Attorney, 1975-88.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

President, North Carolina Association of Black Lawyers, 1981-84; Member,
Employment and Training Council of North Carolina; Chair, Board of Directors,
Wilson Opportunities Industrialization Center.

Personal Information

Two children. Member, Jackson Chapel First Missionary Baptist Church.

643

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The Administrative Office of the Courts

As part of a unified judicial system, the North Carolina Constitution (Article IV,
Section 15) provides for "an administrative office of the courts to carry out the
prox'isions of this Article." The General Assembly has established the Administrative
Office of the Courts (AOC) as the business and administrative arm of the judicial
branch.

The director of the AOC is appointed and serves at the pleasure of the chief
justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. The director has the duty to carry out
the many functions and responsibilities assigned by statute to the director or to the
AOC.

The assistant director of the AOC is also appointed by the chief justice and
serves as administrative assistant to the chief justice. The assistant directors duties
include assisting the chief justice with assignment of Superior Court judges, assisting
the Supreme Court m preparing calendars of Superior Court sessions and performing
other duties as assigned by the chief justice or the director of the AOC.

The basic responsibility of the AOC is to maintain an efficient and effective
court system by pro\ading administrative support statewide for the courts and for
court-related offices. Among the AOCs specific duties are the following:

Establish fiscal policies for and prepare and administer the budget of the
judicial branch.

Prescribe uniform administrative and business methods, forms and records to
be used by the clerks of Superior Court statewide.

Procure and distribute equipment, boohs, forms and supplies for the court
system.

Collect, compile and publish statistical data and other information on the
judicial and financial operations of the courts and related offices.

Determine the state of the dockets, evaluate the practices and procedures of
the courts and make recommendations for improvement of the operations of
the court system.

Investigate, make recommendations concerning and provide assistance to
county authorities regarding the securing of adequate physical facilities for
the courts.

Administer the payroll and other personnel-related needs of all judicial branch
employees.

Carry out administrative duties relating to programs for legal representation
of indigents.

Administer various court-based programs.

Arrange for the printing and distribution of the published opinions of the
Supreme Court and Court of Appeals.

644

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

To accomplish these objectives, the AOC is organized into four divisions, in
addition to the director's office. Responsibihties of the Administrative Services
Division include preparing the budget and managing appropriations for the entire
judicial branch, supervising the accounting system, procuring equipment and
supplies, and printing forms used througout the court system. The Court
Management and Information Services Division supports the information processing
needs of the judicial branch, including comprehensive data processing,
communications and decision support. The Legal Services and Programs Division
is responsible for case management services, including arbitration, custody
mediation, management policies, jury management, drug treatment court and family
court, as well as research services. This division also house the statewide guardian
ad litem program, which provides trained volunteer guardians ad litem and attorney
advocates to represent children who are allegedly abused, neglected or dependent.
Also administered within the Legal Services and Program Division is Sentencing
Services, comprised of local programs that prepare community-based sentencing
plans for eUgible offenders. Because the judicial branch is not subject to the mandates
of the State Personnel Office, which serves the executive branch, the Human
Resources Division exists to administer the recruitment, training, salary, benefits,
employee relations and personnel information systems of the judicial branch. The
directors office includes the public information office, grants management and
judicial training coordination. Prior to 1999 the AOC also housed the Juvenile
Services Division, which administered the statewide system of juvenile intake,
probation and aftercare services for juveniles before the court for delinquency or
undisciplined matters. Effective January 1, 1999, the Juvenile Services Division
merged with the Division of Youth Services of the Department of Health and Human
Services to form a new Office of Juvenile Justice in the Governors Office.

645

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Sidney Smith Eagles, Jr.

Chief Judge,

N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born in Ashcville, Buncombe County, on August 5,
1939, lo Sidney S., Sr., and Mildred T. Brite Eagles.

Educational Background

Gordon Military College, 1957; B.A. in History,
Wake Forest College, 1961; J.D., Wake Forest
School of Law, 1964.

Professional Background

Chief Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1998-Present;

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1983-98; Adjunct Professor of Law, Campbell
University, 1977-Present; Attorney Eagles, Hafer & Hall, 1981-82 (Sole Practitioner,
1976-1980); Assistant/Deputy Attorney General, 1967-1976; Counsel to House
Speaker, 1976-1980; Instructor, Institute for Judicial Administration, New York
University, 1994-99.

Business/Professional, Charitahlc/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Wake Countv Bar Association (former Chair, Executive Committee); N.C. Bar
Association (Vice President, 1989-90); N.C. State Bar; American Bar Association
(Chair, Appellate Judges Conference, 1992; House of Delegates, 1994-Present).

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Wake Forest University, School of Law Board of Visitors, 1983-Present;
Vice-Chair, Barton College Board of Trustees; Chair, N.C. Judicial Standards
Commission, 1994-97.

Military Service

U.S. Air Force, 1964-1967; Colonel (retired), U.S. Air Force Reser\'es, 1967-1991);
Air Force Commendation Medal, 1966; Meritorious Service Medal, 1980; Legion
of Merit, 1991.

Personal Information

Married Rachel Phillips Eagles of Nashville, Tennessee, on May 22, 1965. Two
children. Member, Hillyer Memorial Christian Church ot Raleigh.

646

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

K. Edward Greene

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born in Biscoe, Montgomery County, on June
27, 1944, to Jonah and Helen Latham Greene.

Educational Background

East Montgomery High School, 1962; A.B. in
Political Science, East Carolina University, 1966;
J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1969;
Master of Laws in the Judicial Process (LL.M),
University of Virginia School of Law, 1990;
Appellate Judges Seminar, New York University
School of Law & Institute of Judicial
Administration, 1991.

Professional Background

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1986-Present;

District Court Judge, Eleventh Judicial District, 1979-1986; Attorney 1969-1979;
Adjunct Professor, Children in the Legal System and Family Law, Campbell
University of School of Law, 1985-Present; Adjunct Professor, Family Law and
Children in the Legal System, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1992-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. State Bar; Harnett County Bar Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Director, North Carolina JudicialCouncil; Board of Visitors, Fast Carolina University,
1996-98; Board of Trustees, East Carolina University, 1972-79.

Military Service

U.S. Army Reser\'es, 1969-85, MiUtary Police.

Honors and Awards

Outstanding Appellate Judge Award, N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers, 1996; James
Iredell Award, Phi Alpha Delta James Iredell Chapter, Campbell University School
of Law, 1994; Deans Award for Teaching Excellence, Campbell University School
of Law, 1993.

Personal Information

Married Joan Ellen Powell Greene of Alexandria, Virginia, on August 6, 1966. Two
children.

647

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

James Andrew Wynn Jr.

Judge, N.C. Court of
Appeals

Early Years

Born in Robersonville, Martin County,
on March 17, 1954, to James A., Sr.,
and Naomi Lpich Wviin.

Educational Background

Robersonville High School, 1972; B.A.
in Journalism, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1975;
J.D., Marcjuette University School of
Law, 1979; LL.M., Judicial Process,
University of Virginia, 1995.

Professional Background

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1990-

Present; Fitch, Butterfield & Wynn,

1984-90; N.C. Assistant Appellate ■

Defender, 1983-84; U.S. Na\7 JAG Corps, 1979-83. '

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Treasurer, N.C. Judicial Conference; ABA Appellate Judges Conterence, Executive '
Board; ABA Appellate Judges Education Committee..

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

N.C. Courts Commission; N.C. Supreme Court Permanent Family Task Force;
Trustee, Pitt Community College.

Military Service

U.S. Na\y, Judge Advocate Generals Corps, Active Duty 1979-83; Reserves, 1983-
Present; Current Rank, Captain; Present Reserve Duty, Commanding Officer, NR
Legal SeiTice Office, Jacksonville, FL 0108; Na\y Commendation Medal; Meritorious
Service Medal; National Defense Ser\ice Medal; Naval Reser\'e Medal; 1996 Admiral
Hugh Howell Senior Judge /\dvocate of the Year Award.

Honors and Awards

1996 MLK Achievement Award, General Baptist Convention of North Carolina;
1995 Appellate Judge of the Year, N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; 1995 Chief'
Justice Warren Burger Scholarship for the John Marshall Harlan Symposium on
Comparati\'e Law. '

Personal Information

Married to Jacqueline Dee Rollins Wynn of Raleigh. Three children. Member, j
Providence Missionary Baptist Church, Robersonville. i

648

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

John Charles Martin

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born m Durham, Durham County, on November
9, 1943, to C.B. and Mary BlackweU Pridgen
' Martm.

Educational Background

I Durham High School, 1961; B.A., Wake Forest
University, 1965; J.D., Wake Forest University
I School of Law, 1967.

Professional Background

ijudge, N.C. Court of Appeals; 1985-88, 1993-
Present; Judge, N.C. Superior Court, 1977-84;
Attorney, Maxwell, Martin, Freeman & Reason,
1988-92; Attorney, Haywood Denny and Miller,
1969-77.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

North Carolina State Bar; Tenth Judicial District Bar; Wake County Bar Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, North Carolina Judicial Standards Commission; Board of Visitors, Wake
Forest University School of Law, 1986-Present; Alumni Council, Wake Forest
University 1993-96 and 2001-Present.

Military Service

1st Lt., Mihtary Police Corps, U.S. Army, 1967-69; Army Commendation Medal.

Honors and Awards

1976 Outstanding Young Man of the Year, City of Durham; Who's Who in American
Law; Who's Who in America.

Personal Information

Married Margaret Rand Martin on September 4, 1993. Five children. Member, Hayes-
Barton United Methodist Church, Raleigh.

649

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Ralph A.Walker

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born January 23, 1936, in Morganton,
Burke County, lo Tilman R. and Parilee B.

Walker.

Educational Background

Salem High School, Morganton, 1954;
B.B.A., Wake Forest University, 1958;
LL.B.-J.D., Wake Forest University School
of Law, 1963; National Judicial College,
1976.

Professional Background

Judge, North Carolina Court of Appeals,
1995-Present; Judge, Guilford County
Superior Court; Judge, Guilford County
Domestic Relations Court; County Attorney
for Guiltord County; Practicing Attorney. |

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Greensboro Bar Association; Wake County Bar Association; N.C. State Bar '
Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Kiwanis International; Board of Directors, Greensboro Urban
Mmistiy; Board of Directors, LINKS Substance Abuse Program.

Military Sci-vice

U.S. Army; Reser\'es, N.C. National Guard. I

Honors and Awards

1972 Outstanding County Attorney; 1993 Douglas Award for Service to the Judiciary
Lincoln Forum. !

Personal Information ;

Married to Charlotte Walker of Greensboro on January 15, 1961. Two children. ;
Member, First Presbyterian Church, Greensboro. *

650

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

Linda M. McGee

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

'Born in Marion, McDowell County, on
I September 20, 1949, toJeanHoganand Cecil
'Adam Mace.

Educational Background

iMarion High School, 1967; B.A., UNC-
i| Chapel Hill, 1971; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill
School of Law, 1973.

Professional Background

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1995-Present
Reappointed in January, 1995, by Governor
James B. Hunt, Jr.); Partner, di Santi, Watson
& McGee, Boone, NC, 1980-95; Associate,
di Santi & Watson, 1978-80; First Executive
Director of N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers,
1973-78.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc.; League of
Women Voters; American Association of University Women; Women's Forum of
North Carolina; Co-Founder, Blue Ridge Dispute Settlement Center; Trustee,
Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute, 1981-89; N.C. Association
of Women Attorneys (Past Treasurer); Watauga County Bar Association (Past
President); Legal Services of the Blue Ridge (Past President).

Boards and Commissions

Past Board Member, N.C. Board of Law Examiners, 1986-93; N.C. Bar Association
Board of Governors, 1983-86; Past Board Member, Legal Services of North Carolina.

Honors and Awards

1996 Gwyneth B. Davis Award, N.C. Association of Women Attorneys; 1992 Pro
Bono Award, N.C. Bar Association; 1980 BPW State Young Careerist.

Personal Information

Married to B. Gary McGee. Two children. Member, Northmmster Presbyterian
Church, Hickory.

651

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Patricia Timmons-Goodson

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Bom September 18, 1954, m Florence, S.C, lo
Edward M. (deceased) and Beulah Tindal
Timmons.

Educational Background

Pine Forest High School, Fayetteville, 1972; B.A.
m Speech-English, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1976; J. D.,
UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1979.

Professional Background

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1997-Present

(Appointed by Governor James B. Hunt, Jr.);

District Court Judge, Twelfth Judicial District,

1984-97 (Appointed by Governor James B. Hunt, Jr., m 1984; Re-elected, 1986,

1990 and 1994); Staff Attorney Lumbee River Legal Sen-ices, Inc., 1983-84; Assistant

District Attorney Twelfth Judicial District, 1981-83; District Manager, U.S. Census f

Bureau, 1979-80. i

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Sei-vice Organizations

Co-Producer and Co-Host, "Dimensions of Justice" Television Program; Volunteer'
Reading Tutor, Van Story Elementary School; North Carolina Bar Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

North Carolina Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission; North Carolina
Supreme Court Dispute Resolution Committee; Past Board Member, North Carolina
Courts Commission.

Honors and Awards

1996 Governors Award, Outstanding Volunteer of the Year; 1996 Service Award,
Fayetteville Chapter, NAACP; 1995 Leadership Award, N.C. Legislative Black Caucus.

Personal Information

Married to Dr. Ernest J. Goodson of Kannapohs on November 17, 1984. Two
children. Member, First Baptist Church, Fayetteville. i

652

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

Robert Carl Hunter

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Bom in McDowell County on January 14, 1944,
to L. Penn and Lucy Turner Hunter.

Educational Background

Glenwood School; Marion City Schools; B.A.,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1966; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill
School of Law, 1969.

Professional Background

^Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1998-Present;
: Attorney; Former Assistant District Attorney, 29th
Judicial District.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Member and Past President, McDowell County Bar Association; N.C. Bar Association;
■American Bar Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

: Former Director, McDowell Arts & Crafts Association; Former Chair, Southern
Legislative Conference; Southern Legislative Conference Executive Committee.

Honors and Awards

McDowell County Citizen of the Year, 1984; Marion Civitans Citizen of the Year,
1988-89; Region C Law Enforcement Association Legislator of the Year, 1994.

Personal Information

Married Nancy Hmson Hunter on August 22, 1970. Two children. Member, First
Baptist Church, Marion.

653

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

John Douglas McCullough

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born in Tyler, Texas, on May 28, 1945, to
J.D. and Alice Kelly McCullough.

Educational Background

Swansboro High School, Swansboro, 1963;
A.B. in History, University of North
Carolma-Chapel Hill, 1967; J.D. , University
of South Carolina School of Law, 1970.

Professional Background

Associate Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals,
2001 -Present,

Busirwss/Professional, Charitahle/Civic
or Community Service Organizations

North Carolina State Bar; N.C. Bar Association; D.C. Bar.

Military/ Service

Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps, 1970-74 (active) and 1974-98 (resen-es). Meritorious
Semce Medal; Navy Achievement Medal; Meritorious Unit Citation; National Defense
Senace Medal.

Personal Information

Separated. Episcopalian.

654

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

Robin E. Hunter

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born m DeKalb County, Georgia, on February 20,
|l952, to Thomas W. and Barbara Conroy
iJHudson.

Educational Background

Page Senior High School, Greensboro, 1969; B.A.
in Philosophy and Psychology, Yale University,
1973; Graduate, University of North Carolina
rSchool of Law, 1976.

iProjessional Background

jAssociate Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 2001-
j Present; Attorney 1976-2000.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

[Founding Member, N.C. Association of Women Attorneys; Wake County Bar; North
[Carolina Academy of Trial Lawyers, 1978-2001.

^Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Board of Governors, North Carolina Academy of Trial Lawyers, 1992-99;
; Member, N.C. Industrial Commission Advisor)^ Council, 1994-2000; Chair, N.C.
jOSHA Review Board, 1994-99.

Personal Information

I Married, Victor Farah. Two children.

655

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

John Marsh Tyson

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born in Cumberland County on July 14, 1953,
10 Henry McMillian and Addie Williams Tyson.

Educational Background

Terry Sanford Senior High School, FayetteviUe,

1970; B.A. in English and Secondaiy Education,

University of North Carolina-Wdmmgton,

1974;Notre Dame Law School Summer Law

Program, London School of Economic & Political

Science, 1977; J.D. Cum Laude, Campbell

llmversity School of Law, 1979; MBA, Fuqua

School of Business, Duke University 1988; Candidate for LLM injudicial Process.

University of Virginia School of Law.

Professional Background

Associate Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 2001-Present; Adjunct Professor of Law,
CampbeU University 1987-Present; Attorney Tyson & Associates PLLC, 1993-
2000; Senior Vice-President of Development, Blockbuster Entertainment Group,
1996; Real Estate Director and Counsel, Revco Drug Stores, 1982-93; Real Estate
Manager and Counsel, Family Dollar Stores, 1980-82; Probation and Parole Officer,
N.C. Department of Correction, 1975-76; Certified Public School Teacher, Junior
& Senior High School, 1974; Special Deputy Sheriff, Cumberland County

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

North Carolina State Bar; North Carolina Bar Association; FayetteviUe Kiwanis Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, N.C. Bar Association Technology Advisory Committee, 2001-Present;
Member. N.C. Property Tax Commission, 1997-99; Member, Board of Visitors,
Campbell University School of Law, 1992-Present.

Military Service

Colonel, Staff Judge Advocate, U.S. Service Command, Division III, 1999-Presentj

Honors and Awards

Board-Certihed Specialist in Real Property Law -- Business, Commercial and
Industrial Transactions, Board of Legal Specialization, N.C. State Bar, 2001
Commissioned Kentucky Colonel, 2001; Editor, Campbell Law Review, 1978-75
(Charter Issue).

Personal Information

Married, Kirby Thomason Tyson. Four children. Member, First Presbyterian Church
FayetteviUe.

656

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

Hugh B.Campbell, Jr.

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

lEarly Years

JBorn in Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, to Hugh B. and
jThelma Welles Campbell, Sr.

iEducational Background

I Myers Park High School, Charlotte; B.A., Davidson College,
il959; J.D., Harvard University School of Law, 1962.

Professional Background

I Associate Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 2001-Present; Case Manager, N.C.
Department of Public Instruction 1995-2000; Attorney, Private Practice.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

. North Carolina State Bar, 1964-Present; North Carolina Bar Association, 1964-
' Present; Past President, East Charlotte Rotary Club.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Ethics Committee, North Carolina State Bar; Chair, Mecklenburg Jury
Commission, 1984-96; President, N.C. Council of School Attorneys, 1984-85.

Military Service

Active Duty U.S. Army 1962-64; U.S. Army Reser\'es, 1964-92; Legion of Merit,
Operation Desert Storm; Meritorious Service Medal (twice).

Honors and Awards

Who's Who in America, 2000; President, Mecklenburg County Association,
Davidson College Alumni Association; Order of the Hornet, Mecklenburg County
Board of Commissioners.

Personal Information

Married, Mary Irving Carlyle Campbell. Three children. Member, Christ Episcopal
Church.

657

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Albert S.Thomas, Jr.

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born in Wilson, Wilson County, on July 7, 1949, to Albert
S. and Lena Farris Thomas, Sr.

Educational Background

Fike High School, Wilson, 1967; A.B. ni Journalism,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1971; UNC School of Law, 1965.

Professional Background

Associate Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 2001-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Founding Member, Y.O.U.T.H. of Wilson; Founding Board, Wilson Families in
Action; Member, Wilson County Juvenile Crime Prevention Council, 1999-2001.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Governors Crime Commission; Member, State Advisorv Council of
Juvenile Justice; North Carolina Supreme Court Custody Mediation Subcommittee.

Personal Information

Married, Georgia Mooring Thomas. Two children. Member, St. Therese Roman
Catholic Church.

658

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

Loretta Copeland Biggs

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born in Atlanta, Georgia, on March 6, 1954, to Alphonse
Copeland and Ernestine Copeland Miller.

Educational Background

B.A. in Political Science Cum Laude, Spelman College,
j 1976; J.D. with Honors, Howard University School of Law,
|l979.

Professional Background

[Associate Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 2001-Present; Executive Assistant United
I States Attorney, Middle District of North Carolina, 1994-2000; District Court Judge,
' Twenty-First District of North Carolina, 1987-94; Assistant District Attorney, Twenty-
I First District of North Carolina, 1984-87; Staff Counsel, Coca-Cola Company, 1979-
(82.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

:21st Judicial District Bar; Forsyth County Bar Association; Winston-Salem Bar
Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

I Fifth Congressional District Military Academy Selection Board; N.C. State Advisory
' Council on Juvenile Justice and Dehnquency Prevention; Governors Task Force on
. Youth Violence and Community Safety.

I Honors and Awards

I Search for Common Ground Community Award, 2000; U.S. Attorney Generals
■ Award for Outstanding Contributions to Public Safety, 1999; Master, Joseph Branch
i Inn of Court, Wake Forest University School of Law, 1996.

Personal Information

Married, Larry M. Biggs. Two children. Member, Emmanuel Baptist Church, Winston-
Salem.

659

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Wanda G.Bryant

Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals

Early Years

Born in Southporl, Brunswick County, on June
26, 1956, to Dolphus and Christerbelle Randall
Br)'ant.

Educational Background

B.A. m History and Comparative Area Studies,
Duke University, 1977; J.D., North Carolina
Central Unix'ersity School ol Law, 1982.

Professional Background

Associate Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 2001-

Present; Senior Deputy Attorney General, Office

of the Attorney General, 1993-2000; Assistant United States Attorney, Office for the

District of Columbia, 1989-93; Staff Attorney, Police Executive Research Forum,

1987-89; Assistant District Attorney, Thirteenth Prosecutorial District of North

Carolina, 1983-87; Associate Attorney, Walton, Fairley & Jess, 1982.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

10th Judicial District Bar; Wake County Bar Association; Brunswick County Bar
Association.

Elective and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Chair, Attorney Generals Elder Abuse Task Force; Former Chair, Attorney
Generals Environmental Crimes Task Force; Governor's Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prex'ention Committee.

Honors and Awards

Distinguished Service (Alumni) Award, NCCU Law School, 1996; Black History
Month Appreciation Award, Elizabeth City State University, 1996; Special
Achievement Award, U.S. Department of Justice, 1991.

Personal Information

Married, Ronald Stephen Douglas. One child; one step-child. Member, Cedar Grove
Missionary Baptist Church, Supply.

660

THE

JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

N.C. Superior Court Judges

as of 2002

Resident

Judges

District

Judge

Address

J. Richard Parker*

Manteo

Jerry R. Tillett

Manteo

William C. Griffm, Jr.*

Williamston

W Russell Duke, Jr.*

Green\ille

Clifton W. Everett, Jr.

Greenville

James E. Ragan, 111*

Oriental

Benjamin G. Alford

New Bern

Russell J. Lanier, Jr.*

Kenansville

Charles H. Henry*

Jacksonville

Ernest B. Full wood*

Wilmington

W Allen Cobb, Jr.

Wilmington

Jay D. Hockenbury

Wilmington

Dwight L. Cranford*

Halifax

Cy Anthony Grant, Sr.*

Windsor

Quentin T. Sumner*

Rocky Mount

Toby Fitch

Wilson

7BC

Frank R. Brown*

Tarboro

Paul L. Jones*

Kinston

Jerry Bras well*

Goldsboro

Robert H. Hobgood*

Louisburg

Henry W Hight, Jr.

Henderson

W. Osmond Smith, III*

Yanceyville

Donald W Stephens*

Raleigh

Narley L. Cashwell

Raleigh

Stafford G. Bullock

Raleigh

Abraham Penn Jones

Raleigh

Howard E. Manning, Jr.

Raleigh

Evelyn W Hill

Raleigh

llA

Wiley F Bowen*

Dunn

IIB

Knox V Jenkins, Jr.*

Smithfield

''Senior Resident Superior Court Judge

661

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Resident Judges (continued)

District

Judge

Address

E. L)'nn Johnson*

Fayetteville

Gregory A. Weeks

Fayetteville

Jack A. Thompson

Fayetteville

James F. Ammons, Jr.

Fayetteville

William C. Gore, Jr.*

Whiteville

D. Jack Hooks, Jr.

Whiteville

Orlando ¥. Hudson, Jr.*

Durham

A. Leon Stanback, Jr.

Durham

Ronald L. Stephens

Durham

David Q. LaBarre

Durham

15A

J. B. Allen, Jr.*

Burlington

James Clifford Spencer, Jr.

Burlington

15B

Wade Barber, Jr.*

Hillsborough

16A

B. Craig Ellis*

Laurinburg

16B

Robert Floyd, Jr.*

Lumberton

17A

Melzer A. Morgan, Jr.*

Wentworth

Peter M. McHugh

Reidsville

17B

Clarence W Carter*

King

Moses Massey

Mount Airy

W Douglas Albright*

Greensboro

Howard R. Greeson, Jr.

High Point

Catherine C. Eagles

Greensboro

Henry E. Frye, Jr.

Greensboro

Lindsay R. Davis, Jr.

Greensboro

19A

W Erwin Spainhour*

Concord

19B

Russell G. Walker, Jr.*

Asheboro

19C

Lariy G. Ford*

Salisbury

20 A

Michael Fade Beale*

Wadesboro

20B

Sanford L. Steelman, Ir.*

Monroe

662

THE

JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

^Resident Judges (continued)

District

jLi4't'

Address

Judson D. DeRamus, Jr.*

Winston-Salem

William Z. Wood, Jr.

Winston-Salem

L. Todd Burke

Winston-Salem

Ronald E. Spivey

Winston-Salem

Mark E. Klass*

Lexington

Theodore S. Royster, Jr.

Lexington

Michael E. Helms*

Wilkesboro

James L. Baker, Jr.*

Marshall

Hal G. Harrison

Boone

25A

Claude S. Sitton*

Morganton

Beverly T. Beal

Lenoir

|25B

Timothy S. Kincaid*

Hickory

Daniel R. Green

Hickory

Shirley L. Fulton*

Charlotte

Robert R Johnston

Charlotte

Marcus L. Johnson

Charlotte

W Robert Bell

Charlotte

Richard D. Boner

Charlotte

J. Gentry Caudill

Charlotte

Albert Diaz

Charlotte

27A

Jesse B. Caldwell, 111*

Gastonia

Timothy L. Patti

Gastonia

27B

Forrest Donald Bridges*

Shelby

James W. Morgan

Shelby

Dennis Jay Winner*

Asheville

Ronald K. Payne

Asheville

Zoro J. Guice, Jr.*

Rutherfordton

Loto Greenlee Caviness

Marion

30A

James U. Downs*

Franklin

30B

Janet Marlene Hyatt*

Waynesville

*Senior

Resident Superior Court Judge

663

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Special Superior Court Judges

Steve A. Balog
David H. Beard, Jr.
Richard L. Doughton
Mar\'in K. Gray (Emergency)
Thomas Haigwood
Charles C. Lamm, Jr.
Ola M. Lewis
Gary Trawick
Ben E Tennille
Carl L. Tilghman
James R. Vosburgh
Charles E. Horton, Jr.
Jack W Jenkins
John R. Jolly Jr.
Ripley E. Rand

Burlington

Murfreesboro

Sparta

Charlotte

Greenville

Boone

Southport

Burgaw

Greensboro

Beaufort

Washington

Concord

Raleigh

Eor more mformation on the N.C. Superior Court call C919) 733-710/

N.C. District Court as of 2002

District Court Judges

District Judge

1 Grafton G. Beaman*
C. Christopher Bean
J. Carlton Cole
Edgar L. Barnes
Amber Davis

2 James W. Hardison*
Samuel G. Grimes
Michael A. Paul
Regina Parker

David A. Leech*
Patricia G. Hilburn
Joseph A. Blick, Jr.
George Galen Braddy
Charles M. Vincent
Jerry E WaddelL^^
Cheryl L)Tin Spencer
Kenneth E Crow

Address

Elizabeth City

Edenton

Hertford

Manteo

Wanchese

Williamston
Washington
Washington
Williamston

Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
Greenville
New Bern
New Bern
New Bern

664

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

District Court Judges (continued)
District Judge Address

3B Paul M. Quinn New Bern

Karen A. Alexander New Bern

Wayne G. Kimble, Jr.*

Jacksonville

Leonard W. Thagard

Chnton

Paul A. Hardison

Jacksonville

William M. Cameron, 111

Jacksonville

Louis E Foy, Jr.

Pollocksville

Sarah C. Seaton

Jacksonville

Henry L. Stevens, IV

Warsaw

Carol Jones

Kenansville

John W Smith

Wilmington

Elton Glenn Tucker

Wilmington

Julius H. Corpening, II

Wilmington

Shelly S. Holt

Wilmington

Rebecca W Blackmore

Wilmington

John J. Carroll, III*

Wilmington

James H. Eaison, III

Wilmington

Harold R McCoy Jr.*

Halifax

Alma L. Hinton

Halifax

Alfred W. Kwasikpui*

Jackson

Thomas R. J. Newbern

Aulander

William Robert Lewis, II

Ahoskie

Sarah P Bailey

Rocky Mount

Joseph John Harper, Jr.

Tarboro

John L. Whitley*

Wilson

John M. Britt

Tarboro

Pell Cooper

Rocky Mount

Robert A. Evans

Rocky Mount

Rodney R. Goodman*

Kinston

Joseph E. Setzer, Jr.

Goldsboro

David B. Brantley

Goldsboro

James W Copeland, Jr.

Goldsboro

Lonnie W Carraway

Walstonburg

665

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

District Court Judges (continued)

District

Judge-

Address

Robert L. Turner

Kinston

Rose V. Goldsboro

Goldsboro

Charles W. Wilkinson, Jr.*

Oxford

J. Lariy Senter

Franklinton

H. Weldon Lloyd, Jr.

Henderson

Daniel Frederick Finch

Oxford

J. Henry Banks

Henderson

Lloyd M. Gentry

Pelham

Mark E. Galloway*

Roxboro

J. Henry Banks

Henderson

Joyce A. Hamilton*

Raleigh

James R. Fullwood

Raleigh

Anne B. Salisbury

Raleigh

William C. Lawton

Raleigh

Michael R. Morgan

Raleigh

Robert Blackwell Rader

Raleigh

Paul G. Gessner

Raleigh

Ann Mane Calabria

Raleigh

Alice C. Stubbs

Raleigh

Kristen Ruth

Raleigh

Craig Groom

Raleigh

Kris D. Bailey

Raleigh

Jennifer M. Green

Raleigh

Monica R. Bousman

Raleigh

Edward H. McCormick*

Lillington

Samuel S. Stephenson

Angler

T. Yates Dobson, Jr.

Smithfield

Albert A. Corbett, Jr.

Smithfield

Franklin F Lanier

Buies Creek

Addie M. Harr Rawls

Smithfield

Marcia K. Stewart

Smitfield

Jacquelyn L. Lee

Smithfield

Jimmy L. Love, Jr.

Smithfield

A. Elizabeth Keever*

Fayetteville

John S. Hair, Jr.

Fayetteville

Robert J. Stiehl, 111

Fayetteville

Edward A. Pone

Fayetteville

666

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

District Court Judges (continued)

District

Judge

Address

C. Edward Donaldson

Fayetteville

Kimbrell Kelly Tucker

Fayetteville

John W Dickson

Fayetteville

Cheri Beasley

Fayetteville

Dougald Clark, Jr.

Fayetteville

Jerry A. Jolly*

Tabor City

Napoleon B. Barefoot, Jr.

Bolivia

Thomas V. Aldridge, Jr.

Whiteville

Nancy C. Phillips

Elizabethtown

Douglas B. Sasser

Whiteville

Marion Warren

Bolivia

Kenneth C. Titus*

Durham

Richard G. Chaney

Durham

Elaine M. O'Neal

Durham

Craig B. Brown

Durham

Ann E. McKown

Durham

Marcia H. Morey

Durham

15A

James Kent Washburn*

Graham

James K. Roberson

Graham

Ernest J. Harviel

Graham

Bradley R. Allen

Graham

15B

Joseph M. Buckner*

Chapel Hill

Alonzo Brown Coleman, Jr.

Hillsborough

Charles T.L. Anderson

Hillsborough

M. Patricia DeVine

Hillsborough

16A

Warren L. Pate*

Raeford

William C. Mcllwain, III

Wagram

Richard T. Brown

Laurinburg

16B

Gary L. Locklear*

Lumberton

J. Stanley Carmical

Lumberton

John B. Carter, Jr.

Lumberton

Herbert L. Richardson

Lumberton

William Jeffrey Moore

Lumberton

17A

Richard W Stone

Wentworth

Frederick B. Wilkms, Ir.

Wentworth

'Denotes ChieJ District Court Judge

667

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

District CoLiii Jiidsj^cs {continued)

District

17B

19A

19B

19C

Judge

Address

Otis M. "Bud" Oliver*

Dobson

Charles Mitchell Neaves, Jr.

Dobson

Spencer G. Key, Jr.

Dobson

Lawrence C. McSwain*

Greensboro

Susan R. Burch

Greensboro

Teresa H. Vincent

Greensboro

Susan E. Bray

Greensboro

William L. Daisy

Greensboro

Wendy M. Enochs

Greensboro

Thomas G. Foster, Jr.

Pleasant Garden

A. Robinson Hassell

Greensboro

Patrice A. Hmnant

Greensboro

Harold Thomas Jarrell, Jr.

Greensboro

Joseph E. Turner

Greensboro

William G. Hamby, Jr.*

Concord

Donna Hedgepeth Johnson

Concord

Michael G. Knox

Concord

Martin B. McGee

Concord

WiUiam M. Neely*

Asheboro

Vance B. Long

Asheboro

Michael A. Sabiston

Troy

Jayrene Russell Maness

Carthage

Lillian B. Jordan

Asheboro

Lee W Gavin

Asheboro

Beth Spencer Dixon

Salisbury

Theodore A. Blanton

Salisbury

Charles E. "Charlie" Brown*

Salisbury

WilUam C. Kluttz, Jr.

Salisbury

Tanya T. Wallace*

Albemarle

Nathan H. Gwyn

Monroe

Joseph J. Williams

Monroe

Christopher W Bragg

Monroe

Kevin M. Bridges

Oakboro

Lisa D. Thacker

Wadesboro

Scott T. Brewer

Monroe

668

THE

JUDICIAL BRANCH

CHAPTER SIX

District Court Judges (continued)

District

Judge

Address

William B. Remgold*

Winston-Salem

Roland H. Haves

Winston-Salem

Chester C. Da\^s

Winston-Salem

Lawrence J. Fine

Winston-Salem

William Thomas Graham

Winston-Salem

Victoria Lane Roemer

Winston-Salem

Laurie L. Hutchins

Winston-Salem

Lisa Menefee

Winston-Salem

Samuel A. Cathey*

Statesville

James M. Honeycutt

Lexington

Jimmy L. Myers

Mocksville

Jack E. Klass

Lexington

Martin J. Gottholm

Statesville

Mark S. Culler

Mocksville

Wayne L. Michael

Lexington

Lawrence Dale Graham

Lexington

Edgar B. Gregory*

Wilkesboro

David V Byrd

Wilkesboro

Jeanie R. Houston

Wilkesboro

Mitchell L. McLean

Wilkesboro

R. Alexander Lyerly*

Banner Elk

WilUam A. Leavell, III

Bakersville

Kyle David Austin

Pineola

Bruce B. Briggs

Mars Hill

Jonathan L. Jones*

Hickory

Nancy L. Einstein

Lenoir

Robert E. Hodges

Nebo

Robert M. Brady

Lenoir

Gregory R. Hayes

Hickory

J. Da\dd Abemethy

Hickory

L. Suzanne Owsley

Hickory

C. Thomas Edwards

Morganton

Buford A. Cherry

Hickory

669

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

District

Court Judges (continued)

District

jt(c(gc-

Address

Hugh B. Lewis

Charlotte

Lisa C. Bell

Charlotte

David S. Cayer

Charlotte

H. William Constangy

Charlotte

Elizabeth M. Currence

Charlotte

Yvonne M. Evans*

Charlotte

Jane V. Harper

Charlotte

Resa L. Harris

Charlotte

Philip E Howerton, Jr.

Charlotte

C. Jerome Leonard, Jr.

Charlotte

Eric L. Levinson

Charlotte

Eritz Y. Mercer, Jr.

Charlotte

Rickye McKoy-Milchell

Charlotte

Regan A. Miller

Charlotte

Nancy Norelli

Charlotte

Louis A. Trosch

Charlotte

Avril Ussery Sisk

Charlotte

Nathaniel P. Proctor

Charlotte

27A

Dennis J. Redwing*

Gastonia

Catherine C. Stevens

Gastonia

Joyce A. Brown

Belmont

James J. Jackson

Gastonia

Ralph C. Gmgles, Jr.

Gastonia

27B

Lany James Wilson*

Shelby

Anna E Eoster

Shelby

Kevin Dean Black

Denver

Charles A. Horn, Sr.

Shelby

Earl Justice Eowler, Jr.*

Asheville

Peter L. Roda

Asheville

Gary S. Cash

Asheville

Shirley H. Brown

Asheville

Rebecca B. Knight

Asheville

Marvin R Pope, Jr.

Asheville

Robert S. Cilley*

Brevard

C. Dawn Skerrett

Rutherfordton

Mark E. Powell

Hendersonville

David Kennedy Eox

Hendersonville

Laura 1. Bridees

Rutherfordton

670

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

District Court Judges (continued)

Distiict Judge Address

29 C. Randy Pool Marion

John J. Snow, Jr/
Danny E. Davis
Steven J. Bryant
Richlyn D. Holt
Bradley Letts

Murphy
Waynesville
Bryson City
Waynesville
Sylva

For more information about N.C. District Court, call (919) 733-7107.

N.C. District Attorneys as of 2002

Distntt

District Attorney

Address

Frank R. Parrish

Elizabeth City

Mitchell D. Norton

Washington

William Clark Everett

Greenville

W Da\^d McFadyen, Jr.

New Bern

George Dewey Hudson, Jr.

Jacksonville

John Carriker

Wilmington

W Robert Caudle, 11

Halifax

Valerie M. Pittman

Murfreesboro

Howard S. Boney Jr.

Tarboro

Charles B. Vickory III

Goldsboro

Samuel Currin

Oxford

Joel H. Brewer

Roxboro

C. Colon Willoughby Jr.

Raleigh

Thomas H. Lock

Smithheld

Edward W. Grannis, Jr.

Fayetteville

Rex Gore

Bolivia

James E. Hardin, Jr.

Durham

15A

Robert F Johnson

Graham

15B

Carl R. Fox

Chapel Hill

671

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

N.C. District Attorneys as of 2000 (continued)

Dislnct

Distvicl Attoincv

Address

16A

Krisly M. Newton

Raeford

16B

L. Johnson Bntl, 111

Lumberton

17A

Belinda J. Foster

Wentworth

17B

C. Ricky Bowman

Dobson

R. Stuart Albright

Greensboro

19A

Mark Speas

Concord

19B

Garland N. Yates

Asheboro

19C

William D. Kenerly

Salisbury

Kenneth W Honeycutt

Monroe

Thomas J. Keith

Winston-Salem

Garry W Frank

Lexington

Thomas E. Horner

Wilkesboro

James T. Rusher

Boone

David T. Flaherty Jr.

Lenoir

Peter S. Gilchrist, III

Charlotte

27A

Michael K. Lands

Gastoma

27B

William C. Young

Shelby

Ronald L. Moore

Asheville

Jeff Hunt

Rutherfordton

Charles W Hipps

Waynesville

For more information on N.C. District Attorneys, call (919) 733-7107.

672

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH CHAPTER SIX

673

COLLEGE^

UNC System Colleges and Universities

The University of North Carolina consists of sixteen institutions, all governed
by a single Board of Governors. Each member institution, hov^ever, has its own
board of trustees and its own distinctive history and mission.

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, chartered in 1789, opened its
doors to students in 1795. It was the first state university in the United States to do
so. Throughout most of its history, a board of trustees, chosen by the General
Assembly and presided over by the governor, has guided the university. Between
1917 and 1972, the board consisted of one hundred elected members and a varying

i number of ex-officio members. Without changing the university's name, the General
Assembly of 1931 merged it with the North Carolina College for Women at
Greensboro and the North CaroHna State College of Agriculture and Engineering at

' Raleigh to form a multi-campus institution called the University of North Carolina.

In 1963 the General Assembly changed the name of the campus at Chapel Hill
to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. At the same time, it renamed the
Greensboro campus to the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. The name
of the Raleigh campus changed in 1965 to North Carolina State University at Raleigh.
Charlotte College entered the system as the University of North Carolina at Charlotte
m 1965 and, in 1969, Asheville-Biltmore College and Wilmington College became
the University of North Carolina at Asheville and the University of North Carolina
at Wilmington respectively.

On October 30, 1971, a special session of the General Assembly merged the
remaining ten state-supported senior institutions into the university system without
changing their names. The addition of Appalachian State University (Boone), East
Carolina University (Greenville), Elizabeth City State University (Ehzabeth City),
Fayetteville State University (Fayetteville), North Carolina Agricultural and Technical
State University (Greensboro), North Carolina Central University (Durham), North
Carolina School of the Arts (Winston-Salem), Pembroke State University (Pembroke,
renamed the University of North CaroUna at Pembroke in 1996), Western Carolina
University (Cullowhee) and Winston-Salem State University (Winston-Salem) created
a statewide multi-campus university of sixteen constituent institutions.

The constitutionally-authorized board of trustees, composed of 100 members,
was named the Board of Governors. The legislature lowered the number of board
members to thirty-two, half of them elected every two years by the General Assembly

AND UNIVERSITIES

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

It also granted them the authority to choose their own chairman and other officers.
In 1991, the legislature added several special members to the board, including the
president of the UNC Association of Student Governments, former board chairs
and former governors. The Board of Governors exercises five major categories of
powers and duties:

Control, supervise, manage and govern all affairs of the member
institutions of the university system. This includes approving the
establishment of any new public senior institution.

Maintain liaison with the N.C. Board of Education and the Department
of Community Colleges in order to develop a coordinated, long-range
plan for higher education in the state.

Administer all state and federal aid programs for post-secondary
education, except for those related exclusively to the community
colleges. The board must administer these programs in accordance with
state or federal statutes to ensure that they meet the goals of the
system's long-range plan.

Determine the functions, educational activities and academic programs
of the member institutions. In particular, the board has the authority to
determine the types of degrees awarded through every institution in the
system. The Board of Governors can withdraw approval of existing
degree programs it deems unproductive, excessively costly or redundant.
Before doing so, however, it must provide notice of intent to the member
institutions board of trustees.

Collect and disseminate data and prescribe uniform reporting practices
and policies for member institutions. The Board of Governors gives
advice and recommendations concerning higher education to the
governor, the General Assembly, the Advisory Budget Commission and
boards of trustees at each constituent institutions. The board has the
power to delegate some of its authority to boards of trustees at member
institutions.

The president of the university system administers the system and executes.
policies set by the Board of Governors. The president, the officers of the university'
and their supporting staffs constitute the general administration of the university
The president prepares the systems annual budget, subject to the approval of the!
Board of Governors, for the General Assembly.

The Administrative Council, consisting of the system president, the chancellors
of the sixteen member institutions and principal members of the presidents staff,i
meets monthly to exchange information and advice on issues affecting all of the'
campuses m the system. The Faculty Assembly whose members are drawn from
the faculties of the sixteen member institutions, also provides advice to the system
president, as does the Student Advisory Council, composed of ex-ofhcio student
body presidents from each member institution.

676

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

In 1976, by agreement among the president of the university, the president of
the N.C. Community College System and the chairman of the board of directors of
the North Carolina Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, a new
three-part Uaison committee was formed to pro\ade a forum where matters of mutual
concern to the three sectors may be discussed. The 1993 General Assembly created
an Education Cabinet consisting of the governor, the president of the university
system, the N.C. Superintendent of Public Instruction and the president of the
N.C. Community College System. The cabinet also allows representatives from the
state's private colleges and universities to participate in its deliberations. The cabinet
resolves any issues that may affect the various parts of the states post-secondary
education infrastructure. It develops and rehnes a strategic plan that provides a full
spectrum of education programs throughout the state. The cabinet also deliberates
on any issues referred to it by the governor or the General Assembly. The State
Education Commission, consisting of governing boards for the university system,
community colleges and N.C. Department of Public Instruction, provides a forum
for board-to-board dialogue on issues addressed by the Education Cabinet.

The university systems television network, the UNC Center for Public Television,
provides television programming throughout the state for educational purposes,
information dissemination and cultural enrichment. The broadcast faciUties, owned
by the university, are licensed by the Eederal Communications Commission to
operate m the pubUc's interest. Staff identify community problems and needs, then
acquire or develop and produce programming to meet those needs. Staff also schedule
programming to maximize the viewing audience, provide information to potential
audiences, assist in reception of programs and evaluate the effectiveness of the process.

The 1979 General Assembly authorized and directed the UNC Board of Governors
to establish "The University of North Carolina Center for Public Television" m
order to enhance the uses of television for public purposes. The board was authorized
and directed to estabUsh a board of trustees for the center and to delegate all necessary
and appropriate powers to the trustees. Members of the board of trustees serv^e
four-year terms. The boards membership includes eleven persons appointed by the
Board of Governors; four persons appointed by the governor; one state senator
appointed by the president of the Senate; one member of the N.C. House of
Representatives appointed by the speaker of the House; and, ex-officio, the secretary
of the Department of Cultural Resources, the secretary of the Department of Health
and Human Services, the Superintendent of PubUc Instruction, the president of the
N.C. Community College System and the president of the University of North
Carolina.

The creation of the UNC Health Care System was made possible by a special
provision in the 1998 state budget adopted by the N.C. General Assembly The
revamped health care system created greater management flexibility and changed

677

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

the former governance structure of UNC Hospitals. The UNC Health Care System
maintams its accountability to the UNC Board of Governors, yet ensures adequate
representation from the UNC-Chapel Hill medical school and the Chapel Hill
campus, UNC Hospitals and the lay public. Seven university ofhcials sen-e as votmg
ex-officio members, while between nine and 21 members-at-large are drawn from
the fields of business, management and health-care delivery, along with others who
have demonstrated dedication to improving health care m the state.

Each member institution of the University of North Carolina has its own board
of trustees. Each board has thirteen members, eight of whom are appointed by the
Board of Governors and four by the governor with the elected president of the
student body serving as an ex-ofhcio member. The principal powers of each
institutional board are exercised under a delegation from the Board of Governors.
The duties and responsibilities of these boards fall into three broad categories:

Promoting the sound execution of the institution's mission.

Advising the Board of Governors on matters pertaining to the institution.

Advising the chancellor on the management and development of the
institution.

The North Carolina School of the Arts has two additional ex-officio members.
Each member institution has its own faculty and student body A chancellor heads
each as its chief administrative ofhcer. The chancellors of various member institutions
report to the system president, who ser\'es as the chief administrative and executive
officer of the University of North Carolina.

Dr. Molly Corbett Broad

President

University of North Carolina

Early Years

Born m Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

Educational Background

E.L. Myers High School Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; B.A. in
Economics, Syracuse University, 1962; M.A. in
Economics, Ohio State University, 1964; Ph.D.
Candidate m Economics, Syracuse University

Professional Background

President, University of North Carolina, 1997-Present.

^^'*^

678

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

President, International Council for Distance Education; Chair, Board, University
Corporation for Advanced Internet Development; Microelectronics Center of North
Carolina.

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges; Research Triangle
Foundation; Council on Competitiveness.

Honors and Awards

Phi Beta Kappa; General Motors Scholar; 1999 Arents Award, Syracuse University;
2001 Tarheel of the Year Award.

Personal Information

Married to Robert W Broad. Two children.

679

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Appalachian State University

Appalachian Slalc Universily, founded in 1899, offers a special learning environment
for students, faculty, staff, alumni, the community and others across the region,
state and nation. In fad, learning is central to every program and activity at
Appalachian. With students as the primary focus, the university is evolving as a
model learning community.

University programs, such as Freshman Seminar, have received national
recognition. Innovative partnerships with public schools, community colleges,
business and industr)', retirement centers and others provide students opportunities
to transform classroom learning into real-world experience. Research and service
support Appalachians instructional mission. Students regularly participate m research
projects and presentations under the tutelage of their faculty.

Appalachian actively promotes international experiences for students and faculty
through study abroad and international exchange programs. In fact, Appalachian
has been recognized for having a high percentage of students studying abroad among
masters degree-granting institutions.

University enrollment has grovm steadily through the institutions transformation
from Appalachian State Normal School m 1925 to Appalachian State Teachers'
College m 1929 to Appalachian State University m 1967. The institution joined the
consolidated University of North Carolina in 1972. The campus occupies more
than 70 main buildings m its 250 acres. Properties in Washington, D.C., and New
York City provide opportunities for special off-campus learning experiences. The
university provides student leadership and citizenship opportunities through
involvement m university committees and the Student Government Association or
in one of more than 200 student clubs and organizations. It also fosters a
commitment to community service and outreach through volunteer activities
coordinated throughout the region and across North Carolina.

The university has ranked consistently among the top 15 comprehensive regional
universities m the South since U.S. News & World Rcpoit began ranking colleges
and universities in 1986. Appalachians enrollment is approximately 12,300 students,
representing most of the states 100 counties. Students from 40 other states and
some 50 nations also attend the university. The unix'ersity offers 95 undergraduate
and 81 graduate degree programs, as well as a doctorate m educational leadership.

Recently, Appalachian and nine North Carolina community colleges forged an
alliance to increase access to higher education m the state and to expand learning
opportunities through collaboration and a variety ot outreach initiatives. The
Appalachian Learning Alliance member institutions share technology, libraries, faculty
and other educational resources to deliver learning programs and courses to a wider
range of traditional and non-traditional students. As this alliance develops, it will

680

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

primarily serve the region extending from Winston-Salem to Marion and from the
Virginia border to South Carolina.

Appalachian State University has educated more than 84,000 students during

its hrst 100 years. Approximately three-fourths of the university's living alumni

j continue to reside in North Carolina and represent one-fourth of public school

teachers, school administrators and the states city and town managers. Alumni also

hold a wide range of business, professional and government leadership positions

■across the state.

Appalachian is located m Boone, North Carolina, m the heart of the Blue Ridge

Mountains. The university is close to the Virginia and Tennessee borders and a

: two-hour drive from the regions major airports and population centers. The

university welcomes and encourages prospective students, alumni and friends to

visit the campus and tour the surrounding area.

Dr. Francis T. Borkowski

Chancellor

Appalachian State University

Early Years

Born m Weirton, West Virginia, on March 16, 1936.

Educational Background

B.S. in Music Education, Oberlin College, 1957;

M.M. m Music Performance, Indiana University,

1959; Ph.D. m Music and Minor in Musicology,
|West Virginia University, 1967; Courses in
I Management, Harvard University, 1976.

Professional Background

I Chancellor, Appalachian State University, 1993-
i Present.

' Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

' Chair, Southern Association of Colleges and Schools; International Association of
University Presidents; American Council on Education.

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

i Board of Trustees, North Carolina Symphony.

' Honors and Awards

j 2001 Commanders Cross of the Order of Merit, Republic of Poland; 1997 Diamond
I Laureate Award, InterProm, Warsaw, Poland; 1989 Doctor of Human Letters Honoris
I Causa, St. Leo College.

Personal Information

Married, Kay Kaiser Borkowski. Three children. Two grandchildren.

681

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

East Carolina University

East Carolina Univcrsily celebrated 95 years of service to the eastern region of
the state in March, 2002. The university is locatecf adjacent to downtowii Greenville j
(population 60,500), a business, medical and educational center on the coastal I
plain 80 miles east of Raleigh. Greenville is a little over an hours drive from a i
variety of coastal resorts and recreation areas. I

Under the leadership of Governor Charles Brantley Aycock early in the 20th
Century, North Carolina embarked upon an ambitious and unprecedented program ,
of improving public education. During the movements tirst decade, new schools
were being opened at the remarkable rate ol one a day. Aycocks intent was to Hft
North Carolina from the abyss of illiteracy and ignorance. To supply qualified teachers
for the program, state leaders founded a new public normal school m the mostly
rural, agriculturally-rich eastern half of the state. That institution ot higher learning
is now East Carolina University. !

Chartered in 1907 as a teacher training school. East Carolina University has i
moved in a rapid and orderly transition from normal school to liberal arts college j
to multi-faceted university and has become the focal point for higher education, ;
professional training, service and cultural development, including the tme arts andj
music, for eastern North Carolina. In 1941, the General Assembly authorized East
Carolina to institute a liberal arts program of ecjual standing with its teacher education .
program. By the 1960s, the college had become the third largest institution of higher ■
learning m the state. In 1967, the General Assembly elevated East Carolina College
to the status of a state-supported university with a mandate to expand programs m
all areas. In 1972, ECU became a constituent institution of the University of North
Carolina system. During the 1970s, ECU won authorization to establish a school:
of medicine which, with Pitt County Memorial Hospital, has become the center ofi
a major regional complex of medical training, treatment and health care. I

ECU currently consists of eleven professional schools, the College of Arts and^i
Sciences with 16 academic departments and nine mterdisciplinaiy programs, the
Graduate School, the School of Medicine, the General College, two librar)^ divisions,;
the Division of Continuing Studies, the Regional Development Institute, the Institute!
for Coastal and Marine Resources, The Institute for Historical and Cultural Research,!
the Center for Applied Technology, the BB&rT Center for Leadership Development,'
the Small Business and Technology Development Center, the Rural Education!
Institute, the Center on Aging, the Science Institute for the Disabled, the Leo W.i
Jenkins Cancer Center, the Cardiovascular Center, the Diabetes Center and thej
Science/Mathematics Education Center. I

East Carolina University is accredited by the Southern Association of Collegesl
and Schools. Its programs are fully accredited by state and national accrediting,'

682

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

CHAPTER SEVEN

agencies. The university is a member of or is accredited by more than 115
associations.

The total enrolhnent for the fall semester of 2001 was nearly 19,500. ECU
students come from 99 of North Carolina's 100 counties, most of the 50 states and
lover 55 foreign countries. The university offers undergraduate degrees in 104
bachelors degree program tracks; two certihcate of advanced study tracks; two
jeducation specialist degree tracks; six Ph.D. programs in the basic medical sciences,
|ph.D. programs in Bioenergetics, Biomedical Physics, Coastal Resources
■Management, Communication Sciences and Disorders and Nursing; and two Ed.D.
Iprograms m the School of Education. The MD degree is offered through the Brody
fSchool of Medicine.

I There are more than 98,000 living alumni. They reside m each of the 50 states
,and in some 44 other countries. Alumni are informed of campus and alumni activities
^through alumni publications and the ECU Alumni Association offers a wide range
'of programs and activities for former students.

Dr. William Van Muse

Chancellor

East Carolina University

Early Years

jBorn m Marks, Mississippi, on April 7, 1939.

Educational Background

pelhi High School, Delhi, La., 1956; B.S. m
■Accounting, Northwestern State University,
jl960; MBA, University of Arkansas, 1961;
'Ph.D. in Business Administration, University
jof Arkansas, 1966.

Professional Background

Chancellor, East Carolina University.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Ci\ic or Community Service Organizations

, Board of Directors, Alabama Power Co.; Board of Directors, American Cast Iron
;Pipe Co.; Former President, Southeastern Conference (SEC).

^Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, Greenville/Pitt County Chamber of Commerce; Board of Directors,
IConference USA; Board of Directors, SouthTrust Bank.

Honors and Awards

jWhos Who m America, 37th Edition; 1971 Outstanding Educator of America.

\Personal Information

Married, Marlene Munden Muse. Three children. Three grandchildren. Methodist.

683

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Elizabeth City State University

Elizabeth Cily Stale University, a constituent institution of Tlie University of
North Carolina, has dedicated itself for over a century to the constant enhancement
of its learning environment and to maintaining a position on the frontiers of
opportunity. This environment is especially tailored to serve a student population
which primarily reflects the demographic, socioeconomic and educational diversity
found in northeastern North Carolina.

Over the past several years ECSUs undergraduate program has been signihcantly
strengthened and diversihed to offer a range of degree programs in the arts and
sciences, computer sciences, psychology and pre-professional programs, as well as
ROTC and graduate programs through its Graduate Center. At the same time, the
university continues to emphasize public and community service and its role m the J
development ot its region. '

When the Honorable Hugh Cale, an African-American representative to the North '
Carolina General Assembly from Pasquotank County, introduced House Bill 383 i
in the 1891 session, few people realized that the establishment of a normal school '
for educating and training African-American teachers for North Carolina's common ,
schools would have the impact seen today |

The State Colored Normal School opened on January 4, 1892, in a rented
downtown Elizabeth City location v/ith a budget of $900, a faculty of two, a student ,
body of twenty-three and a curriculum consisting of elementary and secondary
school courses. Led by Dr. Peter Weddick Moore, the school expanded its curriculum .
to two-year normal courses and moved to its present location in 1912. Following:
Dr. Moores retirement in 1928, Dr. John Bias became president and supervised the'
transition from a two-year normal school to a lour-year teachers college. In 1939,!
the General Assembly officially changed the schools name to Elizabeth City State'
Teachers College and the first baccalaureate degrees were conferred upon twenty- i
six Elementary Education graduates. I

Dr. Harold Leonard Trigg and Dr. Sidney David Williams served Elizabeth City!
State Teachers College effectively and efficiently from 1939-1958 as the university'ss
third and fourth presidents, respectively. During their capable administrations,'
improvements and additions were made m the physical plant and in curriculari
offerings. |

During the decade of leadership provided by Dr. Walter N. Ridley, the school's;
fifth president, ECSU made significant progress. Curricular offerings were expandedj
with the approval of additional majors, minors and concentrations. Full membership!
in the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools was granted and subsequently!
re-afhrmed. The university's name was ofhcially changed to Elizabeth City State'

684

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

CHAPTER SEVEN

College and the "Vikings" mascot name was adopted for intercollegiate athletic teams.
Student enrollment broke the 1,000 mark for the first time.

Following Dr. Ridley's resignation in 1968, Dr. Marion Dennis Thorpe became
he sixth president. One year later, Elizabeth City State College became Elizabeth
Zity State University. In 1972 the school became one of the sixteen constituent
institutions of the University of North Carolina and Dr. Thorpe became its first
chancellor. During Dr. Thorpes administration, the faculty and staff doubled in
jiumber, student enrollment neared 1,500 and additional degree-granting- programs
JA^ere approved and established. The university's annual budget approached $9
JTiillion and the school's physical assets grew to include over 50 buildings and
approximately 830 acres of land. The concept of ECSU as a "communiversity" gained
jlvidespread acceptance.

, Following the death of Dr. Thorpe, Dr. Jimmy Raymond Jenkins became the
Seventh individual to serve as head of the university and its second chancellor. No
.bther ECSU alumnus had previously held this office at any institution of higher
[earning. Dr. Jenkins retired in 1995 after serving as chancellor for 12 years. His
Successor, Dr. Mickey L. Burnim, was elected unanimously by the UNC system's
;3oard of Governors to the chancellorship on July 1, 1996.

I Dr. Burnim has focused on strategically planning the future course of the 106
i^ear-old university. He is committed to positioning ECSU for continued growth
fmd success into the 21st Century Elizabeth City State University seeks to provide
"exemplary curricula and educational support systems that will ensure that each
ECSU graduate has the skills necessary to participate successfully in a pluralistic,
technologically-advanced society. The university wants its graduates to understand
[how the world they live in is changing and how they can best adapt to those changes.
feCSU also strives to develop an appreciation of the importance of hfe-long learning
m its graduates.

Dr. Mickey L Burnim

iChancellor

Elizabeth City State University

tarly Years

jBorn in Teague, Texas, on January 19, 1949, to Arzo and
Ruby Burnim.

Educational Background

|3.A. (1970) and M.A. (1972) in Economics, North Texas

ptate University; Ph.D. in Economics, University of

[Wisconsin-Madison, 1977; Government Executives

ilnstitute. School of Business, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1983; Institute for Educational

Management, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, 1991.

685

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Professional Background

Chancellor, Elizabelh Ciiy State University, 1996-Present.

Business/Professional, Charilablc/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Salvation Army; Rotary Club; Wachovia Advisory Board, Elizabeth City

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Council tor Adult and Experiential Learning; Southern Association of Colleges and
Schools Foundation; Kate B. Reynolds Foundation.

Personal Information

Married to LaVera Levels Burnim. Two children. Methodist

686

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

Fayetteville State University

In 1867, seven progressive African-American citizens — David Bryant, Nelson
Carter, Matthevv' N. Leary, A. J. Chesnutt, Robert Simmons, George Granger, and
Thomas Lomax — paid $136 for a lot on Gillespie Street in Fayetteville and formed
ja board of trustees to maintain this property permanently as a site for educating
i Fayetteville s African-American children. The school was named after General O.O.
Howard of the Freedmans Bureau. Howard erected the first building on the site.

The 1877 General Assembly authorized the establishment of a normal school

to educate African-American teachers. The legislature chose the Howard School as

the most promising site because of its successful academic record during the previous

ken years. The General Assembly designated the new school as a teacher training

^institution and changed its name to the State Colored Normal School. Five chief

[administrative officers served the school for relatively brief periods until 1899:

(Robert L. Harris, Charles W. Chesnutt, Ezekiel E. Smith, George WiUiams and the

Rev. L.E. Fairley.

Dr. Ezekiel Ezra Smith returned to run the school in 1899. In 1929, all high
school work was discontinued at the normal school. When Dr. Smith retired as
'president of the State Normal School in 1933 after 40 years of service to the university,
I the institution had moved to its present location on Murchison Road in Fayetteville.
The new campus comprised 50 acres and ten buildings.

j Dr. James Ward Seabrook served as president from 1933 until his retirement in
11956. In May of 1937, the N.C. Board of Education authorized the school to extend
the course of study it provided to four years and to grant the Bachelor of Science
! degree in Education. In 1939, the name of the institution was changed to Fayetteville
J State Teachers College. The college received both state and regional accreditation in
il947.

j Dr. Seabrook was succeeded by Dr. Rudolph Jones. During Dr. Jones'

administration, the colleges curriculum expanded to include majors in secondary

education and programs leading to degrees outside the teaching field. The institutions

name changed to Fayetteville State College in 1963. Six additions were made to the

physical plant during Dr. Jones' term as president to accommodate a rapidly

ji expanding enrollment. When Dr. Jones resigned in 1969, a new Administration

' Building was under construction and the Rudolph Jones Student Center was on the

I drawing board. In 1969, the institution acquired its present name, Fayetteville State

University, and Dr. Charles "A" Lyons, Jr. was elected president. By a 1972 legislative

act, Fayetteville State University became a constituent institution of the University

of North Carolina and Dr. Lyons became its first chancellor. Dr. Lyons served as

chancellor for 15 years.

During his tenure, the curriculum was expanded to include a variety of both
baccalaureate and master's level programs. The Fort Bragg-Pope AFB Extension

687

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Centers, in conjunction with the Week-End and Evening College, were established
to provide military personnel and other persons employed full-time with the
opportunity to further their education. The general academic structure took its present
configuration in 1985 when the university became a Comprehensive Level 1
Institution. In addition to expanding program offerings and services, eight buildings!
were added to the physical plant during this period. j

On January 1, 1988, Dr. Lloyd V. Hackley became the university's seventh chief i
executive officer. During his seven years at FSU, Dr. Hackley further expanded program'
offerings and improved the campus environment in response to the needs and I
interests of students and the community. FSUs masters degrees expanded to include'
business administration, education, English, biology, sociology, psychology,';
mathematics, and history. The university added its first doctoral program, in;
educational leadership, and its baccalaureate programs grew to include 38 disciplines;
in the arts and sciences, business and economics and education. The $6.3 million^
School of Business and Economics Building and the $10.9 million Health and'
Physical Education Complex underscored Dr. Hackleys commitment to FSU's'
continued expansion and growth. j

Chancellor Hackley also strengthened the university's community outreach to
children m local public schools who were at risk of dropping out. FSU developed
a variety of scholarships and tutor/mentor programs to encourage public school
students to stay in school. FSU conducted its hrst public capital campaign duringi
Dr. Hackley's tenure, a successful project that allowed the university to boost the
number of privately-funded scholarships it provided students to over 200. \

Dr. Hackley left Fayette ville State University m late 1995 to become president of
the N.C. Community College System. Dr. Donna J. Benson, the University of North
Carolina's Associate Vice-President for Academic Affairs and a former interim
chancellor at N.C. Central University, served briefly as Fayetteville State University's
interim chancellor. ,

Dr. Willis B. McLeod, a long-time educator and administrator in public school
systems across the nation and a former Rockefeller Foundation Fellow, took office
in November, 1995, as Fayetteville State University's new chancellor. Continuing
the tradition of effective management set by his predecessors. Dr. McLeod introduced
a number of innovations at FSU. The new Freshman Year Initiative (FY.l.) program.'
designed to improve students' educational outcomes, debuted m the fall semestei
of 1996. !

The McLeod administration has also moved to strengthen ties between the'
university and the community. Major campus improvements, most notably the'
expansion of the Rudolph Jones Student Center and a planned $12 million Fine
Arts Building, are underway. Dr. McLeod has also been instrumental m forming c\
new regional partnership between public school, community college and universit)

688

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

CHAPTER SEVEN

leaders to focus on strengthening the educational path from pre-school through
post-graduate studies.

Dr.WillisB.McLeod

chancellor

Fayetteville State University

fEarly Years

'Born September 18, 1942, in Sampson County

near Dunn.
j
Educational Background

Triton High School, Dunn; B.S. in Education

(Mathematics), Fayetteville State University, 1964;
i M.A. in Elementary School Education, University of
'Virginia, 1968; E.D. in School Administration,

Department of Education, University of Virginia,
.1977.

Professional Background

I Chancellor, Fayetteville State University, 1995-
' Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Fayetteville Area Economic Development Corporation; Fayette\dlle Partnership, Inc.;
Fayetteville United Way

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

• Board of Directors, Curry School of Education Foundation, University of Virginia;
; Executive Board, Occoneechee Council, Boy Scouts of America; Board of Directors,
; Fayetteville YMCA.

' Honors and Awards

j Distinguished Alumni Award, National Association of Equal Opportunity m Higher
j Education; Administrator of the Year, Tri-Cities Association of Educational Office
i Personnel; Educator of the Year, Virginia State Chapter, Phi Delta Kappa..

' Personal Information

Married to Jacqueline Cumbo. One child. Member, Dunn Chapel Freewill Baptist Church.

689

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

N.C. Agricultural and Technical State University

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical Stale University was estabUshed by
an act of the General Assembly of North Carolina ratified March 9, 1891. The act
read in part: "That the leading object of the institution shall be to teach practical
agriculture and the mechanic arts and such branches of learning as relate thereto, I
not excludmg academical and classical instruction." The college began operation'
during the school year of 1890-91, before the passage of the state law creating it.'
This curious circumstance arose out of the fact that the Morrill Act passed by the ;
U.S. Congress in 1890 earmarked the proportionate funds to be allocated m bi- 1
racial school systems to the two races. The N.C. General Assembly had established'
an A. and M. College for the White Race m 1889 and was ready to receive its share ;
of federal funds provided by the Morrill Act. Before the college could receive these!
funds, however, it was necessary to make provisions for African-American students.!
Accordingly, the board of trustees of the A. and M. College in Raleigh was empowered}
to make temporary arrangements for these students. A plan was worked out with ■
Shaw University in Raleigh where the college operated as an annex to Shaw University i
between 1890 and 1893. |

The law of 1891 also provided that the college could be located m any city or;
town m the state that would make a suitable proposition to the board of trustees. A j
group of interested citizens m Greensboro donated fourteen acres of land for a site \
and $11,000 to aid in constructing buildings. The General Assembly supplemented!
this investment with an appropriation of $2,500. The hrst building was completed!
in 1893 and the A. and M. College for the Colored Race opened m Greensboro thatj
fall. ;

In 1915 the legislature renamed the college The Agricultural and Technical
College of North Carolina. The colleges academic offerings grew during the I
succeeding decades. The General Assembly authorized the college to grant a Master j
of Science degree in education and certain other helds in 1939. The first master's.;
degree was awarded in 1941. The General Assembly established a School of Nursing;
at the college m 1953 and the hrst class graduated in 1957. |

The General Assembly of North Carolina voted to elevate the college to thej
status of regional university m 1967. North Carolina Agricultural and Technical!
State University became a constituent institution of the University of North Carolina!
m 1972. I

Nine presidents have ser\'ed the institution since it was founded in 1891. Theyi
are as follows: Dr. J.O. Crosby (1892-1896), Dr. James B. Dudley (1896-1925), |
Dr. F.D. Bluford (1925-1955), Dr. Warmoth T Gibbs (1956-1960), Dr. Samuel j
DeWitt Proctor, (1960-1964), Dr. Lewis C. Dowdy, (1964-80), Dr. Cleon F. '
Thompson, Jr., (1980-1981), Dr. Edward B. Fort, (1981-1999), and Dr. James C |
Renick (1999-Present).

690

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

CHAPTER SEVEN

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University is one of the two
land-grant institutions located in the state. It is a comprehensive university with an
'integrated faculty and student body offering degrees at the baccalaureate and masters
levels. The university launched doctoral programs m electrical, mechanical and
industrial engineering in 1994. The university's academic focus in recent years has
been on the broad fields of agriculture, engineering, technology, business, education,
nursing, the liberal arts and science. The university opened a new $9.5 million
I Interdisciplinary Research Center in the fall of 1997.

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University provides an

intellectual setting where students may ftnd a sense of identification, belonging and

achievement that will prepare them for roles of leadership and service m the

communities where they will live and work. In this sense, the university serves as

!a laboratory for the development of excellence in teaching, research and public

jservice. N.C. A&T State University, with a current enrollment of 8,300 students, is

i now the largest historically African-American university in North Carolina. It is the

I nations largest single provider of African-American engineers at the bachelors degree

ji level and the second largest at the masters degree level. The university was the first

African-American university in the U.S. to number an astronaut among its alumni

— the late Ronald McNair. It currently ranks fourth among University of North

Carolina system member institutions m sponsored research productivity.

Dr. James Carmichael Renick

Chancellor

N.C. Agricultural and
I Technical State University

j Early Years

i Born in Rockford, Illinois.

Educational Background

B.A., Central State University, Ohio; Bachelors of Social
I Work, Kansas University; Ph.D. in Public Administration,
.. Florida State University; Postdoctoral Studies, University
I of Michigan-Ann Arbor; Executive Development and
I Management Training, Harvard University Institute for
j Educational Management and the Center for Creative Leadership, Greensboro.

j Professional Background

Chancellor, N.C. Agricultural and Technical University, 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Business-Higher Education Forum; American Council on Education Commission
on Women in Higher Education; Parren J. Mitchell Foundation.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Presidential Advisory Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and
Universities; Microelectronics Center of North Carolina; Piedmont Triad Center for
Advanced Manufacturing.

Personal Information

Married to Peggy O. Gadsden Renick. One child.

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UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

jSlorth Carolina Central University

North Carolina Central University, chartered in 1909 and opened in 1910, is
ompleting the last quarter of its first century and looks confidently toward a new
jTiillennium. For nearly half of its history, North Carolina Central University was
led by one man. James E. Shepard was the grandson of a slave and the son of a
llistinguished Baptist minister. A trained pharmacist, Shepard was also a leader of
i;he International Sunday School movement. During the first decade of the Twentieth
Century, the young Shepard began to speak out publicly of his dream of an institution
:that would provide both practical training and intellectual stimulation, particularly
For the lay leaders of the nations African-American churches.

Shepards dream came to the attention of the Durham Merchants Association,
which imited him and his associates to examine the advantages of their city as the
[site of what was then referred to as "a National Training School for the Colored
jRace." Durham of the early 1900s had a population of some 18,000 persons and
;was served by four railroads. The association offered Shepard a 25-acre site one-
half mile outside the existing city limits. With moral and financial support from
prominent citizens of Durham, New York and Connecticut, Shepard established
his school. The original physical plant, which was equipped with electric light and
steam heat, had a value of $60,000 and consisted of eight buildings.

The school opened its doors in July, 1910, as the National Religious Training

School and Chautauqua. The name Chautauqua had its origins in the Sunday School
imovement and described a series of lectures and cultural activities designed for a
'general audience. Chautauqua programs were often promoted as an opportunity
•for a vacation; nevertheless, Chautauqua registrants were required to attend all of
«the major lectures of the series. During the 1910-11 school year, the National
, Religious Training School and Chautauqua had 15 faculty members and enrolled
(201 students. Three students graduated from the school's commerce program in
1 191 1. The institution offered three-and-four year programs — all requiring extensive

study of Latin, Greek and the Bible — in normal education, teacher training, college
jpreparatory, classical studies for the A.B. degree, general science studies for the B.S.
'degree and chemistry. Shorter vocational and trade courses ranged from weaving to

mural decorating. The school also offered special training for ministers and religious

workers.

In 1915 financial difhculties forced the reorganization of the institution as the
National Training School, but a large donation from Mrs. Russell Sage of New York
City permitted Dr. Shepard to retain control. Over the next few years. Dr. Shepard
weighed the alternative courses of seeking denominational support for the
I nonsectarian school or seeking support from the North Carolina General Assembly.
In 1923, the National Training School became the state-supported Durham State

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Normal School, devoted to "the training of teachers for the Colored Public Schoolsl
of North Carolina." Two years later, Dr. Shepard was able to persuade the Generall
Assembly to take a revolutionary step by making the institution over into North!
Carolina College for Negroes, the first state-supported liberal arts college for blackj
people in the United States. Building programs to support the institutions new rolej
began in 1Q27 under the administration of Governor Angus B. McLean. j

Between 1925 and 1939, North Carolina College for Negroes achieved the'

accreditation of the Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary' Schools and;

met the educational standards of the American Medical Association for pre-medicall
training, and from most of the Souths state departments of education. In 1939, the'
General Assembly authorized the North Carolina College board of trustees tc,
establish graduate courses in the liberal arts and to organize departments of lawj
pharmacy and library science. The graduate programs were opened that lall. Thei
School of Law was established m 1940 and the School of Library Science in 1941;
Ironically, the pharmacy school was never established, even though that was DrI
Shepard s own profession. By the time of Dr. Shepard s death on October 6, 1947;
the institution had become North Carolina College at Durham, was fuUy-accreditec
and highly-respected and had become the alma mater of a growing list of distinguisheci
alumni. j

Dr. Alfonso Elder took ofhce as the colleges second president m 1948. Dr;

Elder would lead North Carolina College at Durham for the next 15 years, overseeim)

an era of physical expansion, rapid growth in enrollment and significant developmeni:

m academic programs. Dr. Elder retired m September, 1963, and was succeeded aji

president by Dr. Samuel P. Massie, who resigned on Eebruary 1, 1966. Dr. Alberii

N. Whiting became president m July, 1967. He directed the continued physica'

expansion of the institution, as well as the creation of several new academic program;;

m criminal justice, public administration, elementaiy education, jazz, and churcL

music and, in 1972, the creation of the North Carolina Central LJniversity Schoo'

of Business. ;;

r
In 1969, North Carolina College at Durham became North Carolina Centrai

University. In 1972, all of North Carolmas state-supported senior institutions o|

higher education became part of the University of North Carolina. Dr. WhitingH

title changed from president to chancellor. He remained at the helm of North Carolina

Central University for 11 more years, until June 30, 1983. Chancellor Whiting wa;|

succeeded by Dr. LeRoy T. Walker, who served until the election in 1986 oi

Chancellor Tyronza R. Richmond by the UNC Board of Governors. Dr. Donna J,

Benson became interim chancellor on January 1, 1992, when Dr. Richmond returneCj

to faculty duties. Julius L. Chambers, an alumnus of the university, assumed th(;

chancellorship on January 1, 1992, and remained in the post until May, 2002j

Under Chambers' leadership, the university received more than $121 million foj

for construction and renovation through the $3.1 billion Bond Project. A $12 J

694

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

CHAPTER SEVEN

million state-of-the-art Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute was constructed
under his watch. James H. Ammons was elected chancellor on June 1, 2001.

' During the last decade, North Carolina Central University has added graduate
, programs in pubHc administration, criminal justice and information sciences. NCCU
jtias also revised its Master of Business Administration program and added a
i^accalaureate program in computer science. Distinguished alumni of North CaroUna
ICentral University include the president of Virginia Union University, the chancellor
pf Winston-Salem State University, a vice-president of the University of North
jCarolina and university and college faculty and throughout the United States. Other
ialumni include a number of members of the N.C. General Assembly (including
former House Speaker Dan Blue), former mayors of Raleigh, Durham and Atlanta
and a host of distinguished pubHc servants at all levels of government. Graduates of
jNorth Carolina Central University have gone on to careers as presidents of banks
and other corporations, school superintendents, principals and administrators in
'many states, performing artists, professional athletes and representatives of most of
!the professions.

Dr. James H. Ammons

Chancellor

N.C. Central University

Tarly Years

iBorn in Winter Haven, Florida, on December 23,

'1952, to James and Agnes Ammons.

'Educational Background

jWinter Haven High School, 1970; B.S. in Pohtical

jScience, Florida A&M University, 1974; M.S. in Public

Administration, Florida State University, 1975; Ph.D.

iiin Government, Florida State University 1977.

\Professional Background

j Chancellor, N.C. Central University, 2001 -Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

ilAmerican Association of State Colleges and Universities; National Association for
; Educational Opportunities; National Association of State Universities and Land Grant
IColleges.

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

I Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools;
Durham Advisory Board, Central Carolina Bank; Board of Directors, Greater Durham
Chamber of Commerce.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Honors and Awards

2001 Honorary Chair, Light Up Durham; News & Observer's Top Ten to Watch for
in 2002; 1999 Distinguished Alumni Award, Florida A&M University.

Personal Information

Married, Judy Ruffin Amnions. One son.

696

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

N.C. School of the Arts

The brainchild of former Governor Terry Sanford and author John Ehle, the
North CaroUna School of the Arts (NCSA) was formally established by the N.C.
General Assembly in 1963. In 1965, the School of the Arts opened its doors to
students, breaking new ground as the hrst state-supported residential school for
the performing arts in the country Today NCSA is one of the world's foremost arts
conservatories, training students for professional careers in the performing, moving
image and \qsual arts. It stands, as it has throughout its history on a tradition of
professionalism.

Composer Vittorio Giannini of The Juilliard School served as NCSAs first

I president. It was his vision that shaped the school and continues to make the school

I unique among its peers: a resident faculty of professional artists; beginning training

> at the age that talent first becomes evident; artists living together in a true conservatory

^}i environment; and performance as an integral part of instruction.

Robert Ward, Pulitzer Prize-winning composer, served as chancellor from 1967-
1974. Under his tenure, the school more than doubled its faculty and enrollment
' and joined the University of North Carolina system as one of its 16 campuses.
Composer Robert Suderburg, who served as chancellor for the next decade, oversaw
major capital improvements at the school, including the completion of the Workplace,
featuring specially-designed dance, drama, music and visual arts studios and the
Semans Library, with its extensive arts and academic holdings.

; Lawrence Hart, retired dean of music at the University of North Carolina at
; Greensboro, served as acting chancellor during 1983-84. In 1983, the School of
' the Arts opened the Stevens Center, a magnihcently-restored neoclassical theater on
j Fourth Street in Winston-Salem. With seating for 1,380 people, the center quickly
became part of city's bid to revitalize its downtown area.

During the tenure of Jane MiUey who was appointed chancellor in 1984, faculty

' I salaries were increased and campus facilities were expanded. This included the

addition of Performance Place, with its two theatres, and the renovation of the

School of Design & Production. Philip Nelson, former dean of music at Yale

University, served as interim chancellor during 1989-90.

Alexander C. Ewing became the hfth chancellor of the school m 1990. He is a
well-known arts administrator in the national dance world as well as a businessman.
Since his appointment as chancellor, he has spearheaded the establishment and
^ opening of a fifth arts school, the School of Filmmaking. He has also guided the
■ I formulation and implementation of a new campus master plan, the expansion of
alumni services and the launching of the most comprehensive capital campaign in
the school's history Ewing previously served the School of the Arts as head of its
international board of visitors.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Since opening its doors more than 30 years ago, NCSA is still the only major
arts training institution o^ its kind offering accredited instruction at the junior high,
high school, undergraduate and graduate le\-els in dance, design and production,
drama, hlmmaking, music and xisual arts with a complementary academic program.
Students are selected under strict admission standards, based on their abihty to
show potential iov professional success. An audition or submission of a portfolio
and inten'iew arc reciuired.

At the secondary le\'el, students in the schools dance, drama, music and visual
arts programs work toward the North Carolina high school diploma with arts
concentration. At the college level, students work toward a Bachelor of Music or a
Bachelor of Fine Arts in dance, design and production, drama and filmmaking. At
the graduate level, students work toward a Master of Music or Master of Fine Arts in
Design and Production. In addition to the rigorous demands of their arts training,
students working toward a high school diploma or college degree must also take
requisite academic courses through the schools general studies division. College
students who opt to concentrate entirely on their arts discipline may earn a College
Arts Diploma. The School of the Arts recognizes that on-stage, hands-on experience
is vital to the training of young artists. Students, faculty and guests present more
than 400 public performances and screenings annually to more than 100,000 people
at campus theatres and halls, in the Stevens Center and on tour across North Carolina,
as well as along the East Coast and m Europe. Through the schools international
dance and music programs, students have studied and pertormed over the years to
great acclaim m London, Hungary, Italy, German); France and Spain.

Alumni are perhaps the best example of the success of the schools training
program. School alumni ha\'e distinguished themselves m Broadway shows, regional
theatre, opera companies, symphony orchestras, dance companies and in film and
television around the world. Among the best known are Tony-nominated actor
Terrence Mann, star of Broadways "Beauty and the Beast," "Les Miserables" and
"Cats"; actress Mary-Louise Parker, whose film credits include Fried Green Tomatoes,
Bullets Over Broadway and The Portrait of a Lady; Keith Roberts, soloist with
American Ballet Theatre; Mar)' Cochran, founder of NCNY Dance and long-time
dancer with the Paul Taylor Dance Company; Tony Fanning, art director for theatre
and film (The Hudsucker Proxy and Nell); Paul Tazewell, costume designer for
Broadway ("Bring m 'Da Noise, Bring in 'Da Funk") and regional theatre; Ransom
Wilson, internationally-acclaimed flutist, conductor and founder of Solisti New
York; and Lisa Kim, violinist with the New York Philharmonic.

NCSA also offers special programs including its Summer Session, an intensive,
five-week course of study for aspiring dancers, actors, filmmakers and visual artists;
the Preparator)' Dance Program, lor talented 4th-, 5th- and 6th-graders in the Winston-
Salem/Forsyth County Schools; and the Community Music School, which offers
private music lessons and group classes to communit)' members of all ages. )

698

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

N.C. State University

North Carolina State University is the largest of the 16 institutions in the
University of North Carolina system. The school currently has more than 28,000
students and is the UNC systems flagship campus for science and technology. A
Research I, land-grant university, N.C. State has traditional strengths in engineering,
agriculture, forestry and textiles and has emerged as a leader in biomedical research,
food safety, materials science, severe weather forecasting and other fields of study
that affect the health, livelihoods and well-being of people in North Carolina and
world-wide. The university has the largest environmental science, engineering and
poUcy faculty in the Southeast - some 500 educators and researchers - who are
conducting nearly 300 research and outreach projects on water quality, air quaUty,
sustainable forestry- and agriculture, animal waste management and pollution control
for the paper, pulp and textiles industries. Rapidly-developing programs in genomics
place N.C. State among the first research universities to focus on genomic sciences
from the perspectives of statistics, computer sciences, forest resources, agriculture,
life sciences and veterinary medicine.

N.C. States leadership role extends to non-technological fields, too. N.C. State
designers and architects have transformed North Carolina's landscape and pioneered
the concept of universal design to make products and housing accessible to all. The
university's criminologists are shedding new Ught on youth violence and ways of
controlling it. The College of Education and Psychology is one of the largest
producers of middle-school math and science teachers in the nation and is renowned
for its extensive outreach efforts in the public schools. The College of Management
offers the state's only technology-based Master of Science m Management degree,
which IS custom-designed to the needs of the high-tech industry. The college also
boasts an innovative and rapidly-expanding electronic commerce program with the
largest online presence in the country.

On March 7, 1887, the North Carolina General Assembly authorized the
establishment of the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. The
Watauga Club of Raleigh and a statewide farmers' movement had convinced the
legislature of the need to transfer the federal funds received by the state under the
provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1862 from the University of North
Carolina in Chapel Hill to a new land-grant college in Raleigh. The cornerstone of
A and M College was laid in August, 1888, and its doors officially opened on
October 3, 1889.

Alexander Q. Holladay, the college's first president (1889-1899), and a faculty
of five offered courses in agriculture, horticulture, pure and agricultural chemistry,
English, bookkeeping, history, mathematics, physics, practical mechanics and
military science. The hrst freshman class numbered about hfty students. By the end
of the institution's first decade, resident enrollment had reached 300.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

During ihe admmislraiion of George T. Winston (1899-1908) a new curriculum
in textiles was developed and normal courses were offered m the summer for public
school teachers. The Agricultural Extension Service was established during the
administration of Daniel H. Hill (1908-1916) and enrollment grew to more than
700. In 1917, during the administration of Wallace C. Riddick (1916-1923), the !
institutions name was changed to North Carolina State College of Agriculture and
Engineering. The introduction ol the word "engineering" was intended to reflect the
increasing emphasis on the professional and theoretical as well as the practical ;
aspects of technical education.

In 1923, a ma)or reorganization ol the colleges administration began and
President Riddick resigned to become the hrst dean ol the new School of Engineering.
Eugene Clyde Brooks (1923-1934), the hfth president of State College, continued
the reorganization with the creation of the School of Agriculture (later renamed the
School of Agriculture and Forestry), the School of Science and Business, the School
of Education, the School of Textiles and the Graduate School. Resident enrollment

rose to nearly 2,000 m 1929 before the Depression caused a drop to approximately
1,500 in 1933. The first women graduates of State College received their degrees in i
1927. !

During the Depression, the General Assembly of 1931 attempted to promote j
economy and prevent unnecessary duplication among the three leading state
institutions of higher education by establishing a single consoUdated administration
for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State College of
Agriculture and Engineering, and North Carolina College for Women m Greensboro.
Dr. Frank Porter Graham, president of the University of North CaroHna, was elected
president of the consolidated university, and Dr. Brooks, with the title of vice-
president, continued as chief administrative officer at State College. The consolidation
phased out of the School of Engineering at Chapel Hill and the School of Science
and Business at Raleigh. A general college, later called the Basic Division, was
established to provide two years of basic courses in humanities, social sciences and,
natural sciences as a foundation lor students in the various degree-granting technical
and professional schools.

Colonel John W Harrelson (1934-1953), Class of "90, was the first alumnus;
to become administrative head of State College. Under the consolidated organization,
his title was Dean of Administration; later it was changed to Chancellor. During,
Harrelsons administration the institution experienced the beginning of extraordinary'
growth in the aftermath of World War II. Two new schools were established: the,
School of Design and the School ol Forestry. A multimillion dollar expansion
program was completed during the administration of Carey H. Bostian (1953-1959), |

700

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

and the program of student activities was greatly enlarged. Student enrollment during
Bostian's tenure passed 5,000.

The faculty and student population more than doubled during the administration
of John T. Caldwell (1959-1975) and another new school was organized: the School
of Physical Sciences and Applied Mathematics (now Physical and Mathematical
Sciences). The School of General Studies, was renamed the School of Liberal Arts.
The name Liberal Arts was adopted when the school was authorized to offer a full
range of bachelors and masters degree programs in the humanities and social sciences.
The name of the institution itself changed in 1965 to North Carolina State University,
signifying its new role as a comprehensive university.

N.C. States enrollment passed 20,000 during the administration of Chancellor
Joab L. Thomas (1976-1981). The School of Veterinary Medicine was established,
the name of the School of Liberal Arts was changed to School of Humanities and
Social Sciences and North Carolina State University was recognized as one of two
major research universities within the University of North Carolina system.

Bruce R. Poulton served as N.C. States tenth chief administrative officer from
1982 to 1989. During his tenure the university's individual schools were renamed
colleges and the College of Education expanded to become the College of Education
and Psychology. Dr. Larry K. Monteith was subsequently appointed as N.C. State's
chancellor in 1989. Under Dr. Monteith N.C. State earned a chapter of the eUte Phi
Beta Kappa honor society and established the College of Management and First Year
College, which is geared toward ensuring the success of new students. Growth
exploded on the university's Centennial Campus during Monteith's tenure with eight
new buildings valued at $120 milUon - including the $45.5 million Engineering
Graduate Research Center. Dr. Monteith retired in 1998.

Dr. Marye Anne Fox, a chemist and member of the distinguished National
Academy of Sciences, became the first woman to hold the top position at the state's
leading science and technology university when she was named the school's 12*
chancellor in April, 1998. Fox has promoted demographic and intellectual diversity;
fostered partnerships with federal, state and local government, with local schools
and with the private sector. She has worked to build an efficient business model for
the university.

N.C. State's 2,010-acre campus is located west of downtov^m Raleigh, a part of
the state's technology-rich Research Triangle area. N.C. State is composed of a central
campus, the College of Veterinary Medicine complex and Centennial Campus, a
1,000-acre research and technology-transfer "technopolis" that includes corporate
and government research and development centers and business incubators. The
university owns research stations, outreach centers and extension faciUties across
the state. Near the main campus is Carter-Finley Stadium and the new Raleigh

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Entertainmcni and Sports Arena. The $156 million arena is home to Wolfpack ,
mens basketball and the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League. !

Campus development is on the fast track. N.C. States high-tech Centennial j
Campus is one of the fast est -growing campuses of its kind in the nation, housing |
state-of-the-art labs, classrooms and government and industry partners. The campus
is at the forefront of a national trend m which universities are redesigning education i
and research efforts to include faculty spin-off companies, real-world experience |
for students and closer ties to the industries that translate research into ciuaUty-of- <.
life improvements for the public. The campus has doubled the number of resident
partners in the past year. Twelve buildings have been completed on the campus and i
13 additional buildings, including a middle school, the Lucent Technologies building
and a $41 million conference center and hotel, are now under construction or in
design. Additional laboratories, residential neighborhoods and a monorail link to
the main campus are envisioned. j

N.C. State continues to attract the best and brightest students. Since 1989 the i
average GPA of entering N.C. State freshmen has risen from 3.4 to 3.86. About i
40% of entering freshmen have GPAs of 4.0 or above. The nations most prestigious \
arts and sciences honor society, Phi Beta Kappa, awarded N.C. State a chapter m i
1994. Less than 12% of the nations colleges and universities have earned this |
distinction, which signihes N.C. States emergence as a well-rounded academic :
community and as one of the nations elite public universities.

The university is organized into ten colleges and schools — Agriculture and
Life Sciences, Education and Psychology, Engineering, Forest Resources, Humanities
and Social Sciences, Management, Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Textiles and .
Veterinary Medicine — as well as the School of Design. North Carolina State
University offers bachelors degrees m 90 helds of study, masters degrees in 96 •
fields and doctoral degrees in 56 fields, m addition to the Doctor of Veterinary ;
Medicine degree. To date, the university has awarded more than 150,000 degrees. •

The university has about 28,011 students (58.1% male and 41.9% female). '
Minorities account for about 20% of the entire student body There are 1,147 ■:
international students. More than 600 students participate m distance education,
pursuing degrees off-campus. More than 90% of N.C. States teaching faculty have i
terminal degrees in their fields. Nineteen faculty members have been elected to the ''
prestigious National Academy of Sciences or National Academy of Engineering. ;

The university has an annual budget of approximately $775 million. Research ;
and sponsored-program expenditures exceed $330 million per year. As one of the '
Southeast's leading universities for technology transfer, N.C. State holds 312 patents ^
and ranks '30''' nationally among all universities for patents held. The university ^
received about $7.7 million in royalty income from licensing patents in 1999, ;
placing it among the top 15 universities in the nation in royalty income. A $10 ■

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UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

million venture capital investment fund, Centennial Venture Partners Fund, recently
invested in ten nevv' research start-ups associated with the university during its first
full year.

The College of Engineering has one of the six largest undergraduate programs
in the nation and the College of Textiles is the largest and most modern university-
based textiles school in the world. The College of Agriculture and Life Sciences is
the fifth-largest agriculture college in the country and operates the nations second-
oldest state research service. The College of Forest Resources boasts the largest
research program of any Southeastern forestry school and is the birthplace of the
nationwide acid rain research effort.

The College of Education and Psychology's community college and adult
education program is ranked by peers among the top five in the country. The College
of Veterinary Medicine has gained national stature for trailblazmg programs including
laser surgery and cancer treatment, as well as ground-breaking research in infectious
diseases. The School of Design is the most comprehensive school of environmental
design in the Southeast. Extension organizations in each of the 100 counties in
North Carolina and on the Cherokee Indian Reservation assist the university's
teaching and applied research programs throughout the state.

N.C. State University is a member of the National Association of State Universities
and Land-Grant Colleges, the American Council on Education, the American Council
of Learned Societies, the Association of Governing Boards of Universities and
Colleges, the Oak Ridge Associated Universities, the International University
Consortium for Telecommunications in Learning, the North Carolina Association
of Colleges and Universities and the Cooperating Raleigh Colleges.

Dr.Marye Anne Fox

Chancellor

N.C. State University

Early Years

Born m Canton, Ohio, on December 9, 1947.

Educational Background

B.S., Notre Dame College, 1969; M.S., Cleveland
State University 1970; Ph.D., Dartmouth College,
1974; D.Sc. (Honoris Causa), Notre Dame College,
1994; D.Sc. (Honoris Causa), Cleveland State
University, 1998.

Professional Background

Chancellor, N.C. State University, 1998-Present;
Vice-President for Research, University of Texas,
1994-98; M. June and J. Virgil Waggoner Regents Chair in Chemistry, 1991-98;

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Director, Center for Fast Kinetics Research, University of Texas, 1986-91; Rowland
Pellit Centennial Professor, University of Texas, 1986-91; Professor of Organic ;
Chemistry, University of Texas, 1985-86; Associate Professor of Organic Chemistry, !
University of Texas, 1981-85; Assistant Professor of Organic Chemistry, University
o{ Texas, 1976-1981. |

Busimss/Pwfcsskmal, Chciriiiible/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Association lor the Advancement of Science; American Chemical Science; ;
lnter-/\mencan Photochemical Society.

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Presidents Council on Science and Technology (PCAST); Ex-Officio Member, Board
of Trustees, National Institute of Statistical Sciences; International Board, Stanford
Research Institute. i

Honors and Awards

1999 Leadership Award, Women Administrators in North Carolina Higher \
Education; 1999 Woman of the Year, New York Academy of Sciences; 1996 Electee, i
American Philosophical Society. •

Personal Information

Married, Dr. James Whitesell. Three children, two stepchildren. I

704

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

University of North Carolina at Asiieville

The University of North Carolina Asheville is the designated liberal arts university
in the 16-campus University of North Carolina system. An outstanding learning
community, UNCA focuses its resources on academic excellence undergraduate
liberal arts education and community partnerships with the region.

UNC Asheville opened in 1927 as Buncombe County Junior College for area
residents interested in pursuing higher education. The school underwent several
name changes, mergers with local governments and school systems and moves
before relocating to its present campus in north Asheville. Asheville-Biltmore College
joined the consolidated University of North Carolina system in 1969 as the
University of North Carolina Asheville with the distinct mission to offer
undergraduate liberal arts education of superior quality. Today UNC Asheville is
the only designated undergraduate liberal arts university in the 16-member UNC
system and one of only six pubUc universities in the nation designated as a national
liberal arts university (Liberal Arts 1),

UNC Asheville enrolls 3,200 students pursuing bachelors degrees in 30 majors
in the natural and social sciences, humanities, pre-professional and professional
areas, as well as the Masters of Liberal Arts. With an average class size of 19, UNC
Asheville emphasizes a personaHzed education characterized by close faculty-student
interactions, challenging academic programs and service-learning activities. The
university has received national recognition for its interdisciplinary approach to
undergraduate liberal arts education, specifically its Undergraduate Research and
Humanities programs. Faculty and students founded the National Conference on
Undergraduate Research in 1986 and it continues to rotate annually to major
universities around the country. The Humanities Program, a four-course sequence
of world history and culture required of all degree-seeking students, has been a
national model followed by other schools starting humanities programs. Through
UNCi% Key Center for Service Learning, students integrate community service into
their academic service.

UNC Ashville's innovative academic programs, interdisciplinary approach and
reasonable cost draw praise from the national college guidebooks annually. The
popular Fiske Guide to Colleges ranks UNCA among its Top 20 Best Buys in pubUc
higher education, saying, "The University of North Carolina Asheville offers all the
perks that are generally associated with pricier private institutions: rigorous
academics, small classes and a beautiful setting. And it does it for a fraction of the
cost. All the ingredients for a superior college experience lie m wait in Asheville."
The Princeton Review: the Best 311 Colleges lists UNCA in this select group, sa)ing,
"For students who seek a public education in a smaller campus environment, this
is a great choice." The 1999 Templeton Guide: Colleges that Encourage Character
Development cited UNCi% First-Year Experience program as an exemplary college
program.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The 265-acre mountain campus comprises about 30 buildings for classrooms,
administration, residence and recreation, with a new master plan in place for
expansion over 20 years. The newest buildings on the scenic UNCA campus are
two residence halls, South Ridge and West Ridge; a state-of-the-art Health and Fitness
Center addition to Justice Athletic Center; and the Dining Hall. The campus houses
the Asheville Graduate Center, which offers masters and doctoral degree programs
of other UNC institutions for the regions residents and the nationally-prominent
N.C. Center for Creative Retirement, which provides programs such as the College
for Seniors that enhance the lives of older adults. The university's year-round concerts,
plays, lectures and other cultural offerings enrich the quality of life for Western
North Carolina.

UNC Ashevilles location m the regions business, cultural and population center
(Ashe\illes population is currently about 75,000) provides the advantages of a city
in the heart of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Students take advantage of outdoor
programs and study opportunities m the natural 'laboratories" in the more than
one million acres of public lands surrounding Asheville. UNCxA. is advancing as the
premier pubhc liberal arts university m the country.

Dr. James Hayes Mullen

Chancellor
UNC Asheville

Early Years

Born m Holyoke, Massachusetts, to James Hayes and
Frances M. Taylor Mullen.

Educational Background

Granby High School, Granby, Massachusetts, 1976;
A.B. Magna Cum Laude m History, College of the
Holy Cross, 1980; Masters m Public Policy, Harvard
University, 1984; Ed. D. in Higher Education
Administration, University of Massachusetts, 1994.

Professional Background

Chancellor, University of North Carolina at Asheville, 1999-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

WCQS Public Radio; City of Asheville Sustainable Economic Development Task
Force.

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

United Way of Asheville and Buncombe County; Asheville Area Chamber of
Commerce; Asheville-Buncombe VISION.

Personal Information

Married, Mari Elizabeth Sullivan Mullen. Two children.

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UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The University of North Carohna at Chapel Hill has earned a worldwide
reputation for vital teaching, cutting-edge research and distinguished pubUc service.
Carolina was the first state university to open its doors and the nations only pubhc
university to award degrees in the 18''' century. Authorized by the N.C. Constitution
in 1776, UNC was chartered in 1789. The cornerstone for Old East, the nations
first state university building, was laid Oct. 12, 1793. On Jan. 15, 1795, UNC
admitted its first student.

Now in its third century, UNC belongs to the select group of 61 campuses
forming the Association of American Universities. UNCs academic offerings span
more than 100 fields, including 53 bachelors, 79 master's and 61 doctoral degrees
as well as professional degrees in dentistry, medicine, pharmacy and law. Five health
schools — which, with UNC Hospitals, comprise one of the nation's most complete
academic medical centers — are integrated with liberal arts, basic sciences and high-
tech academic programs. Alumni include writers Thomas Wolfe and Jill McCorkle;
athletes Michael Jordan, Vince Carter, Mia Hamm and Marion Jones; and journalists
Roger Mudd and Charles Kuralt. Others include former White House Chief of Staff
Erskme Bowles; President James Polk; geneticist Francis Collins; actors Jack Palance,
George Grizzard and Andy Griffith, as well as actresses Louise Fletcher and Sharon
Lawrence; editorial cartoonist Jeff MacNelly; banker Hugh McColl; and fashion
designer Alexander Julian. Carolina's 227,233 alumni reside in all 50 states and
around the world.

Recent National Rankings

U.S. News and World Report's 1999 "Annual Guide to America's Best Colleges"
ranked UNC fifth among the nation's top public universities and among the top 25
public and private campuses in selectivity, based on the proportion of students
admitted to the number who appHed.

U.S. News also ranked 43 graduate degree programs and specialty areas at
UNC among the top 25 nationwide, in April 2000. The magazine rated programs
in the schools of business, education, law, medicine and nursing, and master's and
doctoral programs in the College of Arts and Sciences and other units. Several schools,
degree programs and specialty areas were in the top 10.

The Fiske Guide to Colleges m 1999 called UNC one of the 21 public universities
that were the "best college buys" for 2000. Such schools offer "remarkable educational
opportunities at a relatively modest cost."

Newsweek magazine listed UNC among "first-rate schools" because of
academics, a beautiful campus and highly ranked sports teams.

Kiplinger's Personal Finance magazine rated UNC hrst among state universities,
calling It "a place where high achievers are in good company."

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Location

The 729-acre central campus includes the two oldest state university buildings,
Old East Residence Hall and Person Hall. Old East and Playmakers Theatre, an
1852 Greek-revival building, are National Historic Landmarks. In 1999, the
American Society of Landscape Architects named the UNC campus one of the 22
most beautifully landscaped college sites. UNC helps anchor the Research Triangle
Park, which has spurred the states economic growth.

Students

Some 24,635 students from all 100 North Carolina counties, the other 49
states and more than 100 countries studied at UNC in lall 1999. Sixty-two percent
enrolled as undergraduates, 29 percent m graduate programs and 9 percent m
professional programs. UNC students have a long tradition of outstanding
achievement. Thirty-hve have been awarded the Rhodes Scholarship since it was
created in 1902, including the first U.S. black woman recipient. Twelve UNC students
have won the Rhodes since 1980. UNC students regularly win other prestigious
merit aw^ards in the United States and abroad. In 2000, UNC posted nine such
winners: two Luce Scholars funded by the Henry Luce Foundation; one of 79
scholars the Harry Truman Scholarship Foundation chose nationwide; two of 1 1
Churchill Scholarships to England's University of Cambridge; two Morris K. Udall
Scholars; and two of 309 Goldwater Scholars.

Academics

With a requirement that all freshmen m fall 2000 own laptop computers, UNC
aims to produce graduates with both the brainpower and the technical S2iV\y required
for success m the 21st century The requirement is part of the Carolina Computing
Initiative, a campuswide technology plan to enhance teaching, learning and research.
UNC-CH IS believed to be the first university among those classified as "Research U
by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching to require
undergraduates to own laptops as part of a comprehensive technology plan. UNC
spent 1999-2000 enhancing scholarly opportunities available to undergraduates,
especially freshmen. Carolina offered 65 freshman seminars averaging about 15
students each and taught by outstanding senior faculty Designed to develop critical
thinking, writing and speaking skills, the seminars are being phased m over four
years until all freshmen participate.

More academic advisers, a new undergraduate research office and the opening
of the James M. Johnston Center for Undergraduate Excellence were among other
academic highlights. Housed m the newly renovated Graham Memorial Building,
the Johnston Center united under one roof the honors program, Carolina Leadership
Development, scholarly fellowship programs and other entities that enrich
undergraduate education. Fund raising helped enhance academics. In 1999, UNC

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UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

marked its ninth straight record year for private giving by raising $148 milHon.
The Council for the Advancement and Support of Education presented its 2000
Circle of Excellence Award for Overall Educational Fund- Raising Performance to
Carolina, the only public campus to win six times. Gifts created scholarships and
professorships, purchased library collections and benefited academic units.

1 Faculty

Carolina's 2,600-member faculty includes professors who hold major posts in
virtually every national scholarly or professional association. Among current
professors, nine are members of the National Academy of Sciences, 20 of the
academy's Institute of Medicine, five of the National Academy of Engineering and
23 of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Fred Brooks, founder of the
computer science department, received the Association for Computing Machinery's
A.M. Turning Award, which is considered the Nobel Prize of computing and honors
landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems and software
engineering. Jacquelyn Hall, founder of the Southern Oral History Project, won a
1999 National Humanities Medal for helping preserve access to resources in the
humanities. Joe DeSimone, Kenan professor of chemistry, received the 1999 Phi
Lambda Upsilon Fresenius Award, becoming the first N.C. scientist to receive the
national honor. Basic science and engineering applications he developed use carbon
dioxide as a replacement for water and organic solvents in synthetic and
manufacturing processes. Pediatrics Professor Mel Le\4ne has pioneered efforts to
understand why children learn differently In 1999, All Kinds of Minds, a non-
profit institute afhliated with UNC and founded by Le\ine, received a $10 million
challenge grant from Charles R. Schwab and his wife, Helen, to promote greater
awareness of learning differences nationally. Economics Professor Steven Rosehelde
was among a dozen researchers in the first class of Carnegie Scholars, selected for
innovative scholarship and policy research. He will receive up to $100,000 from
the Carnegie Corp. for a project on arms control in Russia.

Research

In 1998-99, UNC topped the $344 million mark — a new university record
— for contracts and grants awarded for research, teaching and public service. Faculty
received $171 million in National Institutes of Health research funding, ranking
14th all universities and fifth among publics. NIH is the federal government's
biomedical research arm. In 1999, UNC disclosed 116 new inventions by faculty.
Forty-one patents were awarded, and 70 inventions licensed for commercial
development. Applying their inventions and their know-how for economic growth,
current and former UNC faculty, staff and students have helped create 2 1 new
companies employing more than 12,500 people. Those start-up companies include
Alphavax, Inspire Pharmaceuticals Inc., MiCell Technologies Inc. and Xanthon Inc.
MiCell founder Joe DeSimone and his UNC chemistry students developed technology
that spurred DuPont to expand its Bladen County site with construction of a $40

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

million Teflon developmenl and manufacluring facility. Upon demonstration of the
new technology, the company plans to build a world-scale facility representing a
total $275 million investment. Entreprenurial initiative is among the reasons UNC
was one of 16 universities listed as the best nationwide in contributing to state and
local economic development in a recent report by the Southern Growth Policies
Boards Southern Technology Council.

In the battle against cancer, about 210 laculty work at the Lineberger Cancer
Center, one of 26 National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer centers
nationwide. Faculty from all five health schools and the College of Arts and Sciences
collaborate on center projects m laboratory clinical and public health science. Using
genetic engineering techniques, UNC medical researchers have bred mice that help
them better understand and treat deadly diseases and health conditions. UNC is
building upon this and other strengths by starting a new genetics department and
genomics initiative with a four-year, $2.6 million grant from the fioward Hughes
Medical Institute. UNC scientists are national leaders among those using
sophisticated atomic-scale research techniques called nanotechnology, which may
help guide efforts to manipulate viruses and DNA. Team members work with a
de\'ice they invented called the nanoManipulator, which combines an atomic force
microscope with a force-feedback \artual reality system.

Educational and CultMral Resources

From the Ackland Art Museum to the North Carolina Botanical Garden, Carolina
offers an array of educational and cultural opportunities. The Ackland exhibits from
a permanent collection of more than 14,000 works of art, particularly rich m Old
Master paintings and sculptures by artists including Degas, Rubens and Pissarro;
Indian miniatures; Japanese paintings; and North Carolina folk art. Besides its
displays of native and unusual plants and its nature trails, open year-round, the
Botanical Garden offers art exhibits, nature walks and courses on topics ranging
Irom home gardening to botanical illustration.

Professional theater also has a permanent place at Carolina through the
PlayMakers Repertory Company And the Carolina Union Performing Arts Series
has sponsored shows by artists including Bobby McFerrin, Stomp and Dance Theater
of Harlem. Astronomy enthusiasts enjoy programs at the Morehead Planetarium
while student, faculty and professional ensembles perform classical and choral music
and jazz. Wilson Library s North Carolina Collection, Rare Book Room and Southern
Historical Collection draw researchers from near and far. And the William and Ida
Friday Center for Continuing Education offers a site tor conferences, workshops
and institutes plus courses in classrooms and \'ia the Internet for part-time students.

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UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

Public Service

UNCs public service programs reach every region of North CaroUna, helping
communities protect public health, improve schools and medical services, stimulate
business, plan for growth, understand their heritage and enrich the quality of Ufe.
Launched in 1999, the new Carolina Center for Public Service coordinates and
catalyzes campus outreach activities around the state. Immediately after opening
last fall, the center mobilized UNCs efforts to help Eastern North Carolina recover
from Hurricane Floyd, sending volunteers by bus to help in damaged areas. Students
and faculty in all schools volunteered time and expertise to help flood victims and
officials in damaged areas. Efforts ranged from staffing makeshift cHnics to helping
obtain medicines to advising state and local health departments on challenges
including the threat of disease and contaminated drinking water. Eloyd has spawned
new research m Chapel Hill to help damaged areas and better prepare for similar
future disasters. Other mainstays of Carolina's public service efforts include the
Institute of Government, the nations largest and most diversified university-based
government training and research organization, and the N.C Area Health Education
Centers (AHEC) Program, which is based at the School of Medicine and helps meet
health-care needs statewide.

North Carolina's school teachers benefit from the Learners' and Educators'
Assistance and Resource Network of North Carolina (LEARN NC), a Web site offered
free through the UNC School of Education. Teachers and others in all 117 school
systems have been trained on the site, which includes exemplary lesson plans indexed
by grade, subject and the N.C. Standard Course of Study. With the N.C. Arts Council,
the education school also helps public schools through the N.C. Curriculum, Music
and Community Project, which uses traditional Tar Heel music to teach the state
standard course of study in fourth-grade. That project resulted from another designed
to foster pubhc service, the Tar Heel Bus Tour. Each May, the tour takes faculty new
to North Carolina on an educational tour of the state. The goal is to help newcomers
understand the state that produces 82 percent of Carolina's undergraduates — thereby
helping new faculty communicate with students and design research and service
projects that benefit the state. When the 1998 tour visited the Ole Time Fiddler's &
Bluegrass Festival in Union Grove, Dean Madeleine Grumet hatched the idea of
incorporating traditional music into the classroom.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Dr. James Moeser

Chancellor
UNC-Chapel Hill

Early Years

Born in Colorado Cil\', Texas, on April 3, K)3'-).

Educational Background

B.A. with Honors m Music, University of Texas,
1Q61; M.M. in Musicology, University of Texas,
1*^64; Doctor of Musical Arts, University of
Michigan, f967.

Professional Background

Chancellor, University oi North Carohna at
Chapel Hill, 2000-Present; Chancellor,
University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1996-2000;

\'ice-President for Academic Affairs and Provost, University of South Carolina, 1992-
96; Dean, College of Arts and Architecture and Executive Director of University Arts
Services, Pennsylvania State University, 1986-92; Dean, School of Fine Arts,
University of Kansas, 1975-86; Carl and Ruth Althaus Distinguished Professor of
Music, Universit)' of Kansas, 1984-86; Professor of Organ, University Organist,
Chair of the Department of Organ (to 1975), University of Kansas, 1969-74; Assistant
Professor ot Organ, University Organist, Chair ot the Department of Organ,
University of Kansas, 1966-69.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Guild of Organists (President, 1990-94; Vice-President, 1986-90; Chair,
Committee on Professional Education, 1984-Present); National Screening
Committee for Organ and Harpsichord, Institute for International Education, 1984-
86; Chair, Panel on Doctoral Education, National Association of Schools of Music,
1981.

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Governors, Josephson Institute of Ethics, 1999-Present; Board of Directors,
National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, 1999-Present
(Chair, Committee on Technology Transfer, 1999-Present); Overseers' Committee
to Visit the Memorial Church, Harvard University 1998-Present.

Honors and Awards

1968 Kent Fellowship for Postdoctoral Research m Musicology, Dan forth
Foundation, University of Michigan; 1961-62 Year of Advanced Study Fulbright-
Haves Grant, Hochschule fur Musik, Berlin, Germanv (additional work m Paris,
France).

Personal Information

Married to Dr. Susan Dickerson Moeser. Two children.

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UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

University of North Carolina at Charlotte

As the only doctoral-degree institution m the state's largest metropolitan center,
the University of North Carolina at Charlotte serv^es the urgent educational and
research needs of a vigorous economy and a diverse cultural environment. It
specializes in excellent teaching, market-oriented research and expert public service.
Its academic reputation consistently ranks it as one of the most distinguished regional
universities in the Southeastern United States.

UNC Charlotte was founded in 1946 as a night school for returning World
War II veterans. In 1949 the people of Charlotte, inspired by mathematics teacher
Bonnie E. Cone, converted the night school into a permanent institution under the
name Charlotte College. In 1965, at the urging of Bonnie Cone, the North Carolina
General Assembly made Charlotte College the fourth branch of the University of
North Carolina. In the past 37 years, UNC Charlotte has produced more than 60,000
graduates, the vast majority of whom still reside in North Carolina.

With an enrollment of more than 18,000 students and a faculty of more than
725, It is now the fourth-largest institution within the 16-campus University of
North Carolina system. It attracts students from 99 of North Carolina's 100 counties,
48 states and the District of Columbia and from more than 70 foreign countries.
Enrollment projections indicate the university can expect a student population of
more than 24,000 students by the year 2010. About 4,000 of the university's students
are house on the campus. Another 4,000 to 5,000 live in privately-owned apartments
and condominiums within walking distance of the campus. The remainder commute
from within the 14-county metropohtan region. The university expects to maintain
those housing ratios into the future.

UNC Charlotte is composed of a College of Arts and Sciences and six professional
schools - the College of Architecture, the Belk College of Business Administration,
the College of Education, the William States Lee College of Engineering, the College
of Nursing and Health Professions and the College of Information Technology.
The university offers a broad range of undergraduate programs, more than 50
graduate programs and nine programs leading to doctoral degrees. About 20% of
its students are enrolled in graduate studies.

UNC Charlotte's campus covers almost 1,000 acres between U.S. Highway 29
and North Carolina Highway 49 about 10 miles northeast of Charlotte's central
business district. The university's modern, air-conditioned facilities are grouped in
a compact cluster, easily accessible to pedestrians. No building is more than a 10-
minute walk from Atkins Library, which stands in the center of the campus. Much
of the university's remaining land is heavily wooded and offers scenic lakes, streams
and jogging or hiking trails. The university's presence has stimulated the development
of much of the surrounding land, including 3,200 acres of University Research
Park, the fifth-largest university-related research park in the United States. The park's
39 tenants employ more than 22,000 workers. Other developments in the area

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

include University Hospilal, a 130-bed, acule-care facility, and University Place, a
European-styled mixed-use commercial center that includes housing, shops, offices,
restaurants, theaters and hotels. The university is the focus of University City, a
thriving urban center that is among the most attractive, diverse and fastest-growing
of the "edge cities" that surround Charlotte. In addition to its mam campus, UNC
Charlotte maintains a 15,000 square-foot classroom complex in Charlottes central
business district to serve the more than 75,000 people who live and work there.

UNC Charlotte sirix'es to make full use of its proximity to Charlotte and the
metropolitan region, which offer real-life laboratories for hands-on teaching through
internships, cooperative education and public service. The Belk College of Business
Administration follows the advice of area business leaders in seeking ways to improve
Its service to the community. The universitys College of Education sends its faculty
and students into classrooms in more than 65 area school districts. The William
States Lee College of Engineering collaborates with over 500 employers who hire
engineering students as interns and for co-operative education programs. The
Cameron Applied Research Center partners with more than 150 manufacturers,
medical centers, businesses and institutions m conducting technical research. The
uni\'ersitys Office of Continuing Education annually conducts more than 200 short
courses and academic-credit courses of interest to 6,000 or more students from
business, the professions and non-profit institutions throughout the metropoUtan
area and the state. Some of the courses are offered over interactive television and the
Internet, including the states only bachelors degree course m fire-safety engineering.

The universitys lead public service agency is the Urban Institute, which calls
on the faculty's expertise m helping business and industry, local, state and federal
government agencies and non-profit institutions throughout the Carolmas solve
problems, assess opportunities and monitor programs and seiwices. In a typical
year the institute might complete as many as 50 projects involving as many as 80
community partners. Among other outreach services, the Office of International
Programs assists people, business and institutions throughout the region m adjusting
to global trends in trade, languages and other educational and cultural opportunities.
The Center for Professional and Applied Ethics assists business, institutions and
government agencies m resolving conflicts of interest and preparing employees to
recognize ethical issues. The university supports the Ben Craig Center, a business
incubator that houses about 20 technology-based firms m the first two or three
years of their operations. The center provides office space, equipment and services
and offers expertise m management, strategic planning and the aggregation of capital.
It has supported the development of more than 40 businesses that moved out of
the center and are now contributing economic value to the metropolitan region.

The University of North Carolina at Charlotte works very closely with the public
schools of the state and the community college system to provide a seamless pathway
to educational opportunity. Many students at UNC Charlotte enroll as transfers
from the community college system.

714

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

Dr. James H.Woodward

chancellor
UNC Charlotte

Early Years

Born in Sanford, Florida, November 24, 1939, to J. Hoyt and Bonnie Breeden
Woodward.

Educational Background

B.S.A.E. with Honors, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1962; Ph.D., Georgia Institute
of Technology, 1967; M.B.A., The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1973.

Professional Background

Chancellor, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 1989-Present; Senior Vice-
President for University College, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1984-89;
Dean, School of Engineering, UAB, 1978-83; Professor of Engineering Mechanics,
UAB, 1977-89; Assistant Vice-President for University College, UAB, 1973-78;
Director of Technology Development, Rust International, 1970-73.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Society of Engineering Education; Phi Kappa Phi; Tau Beta Pi.

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

McColl Center for Visual Art; Echo Foundation; Levine Museum of the New South.

Military Service

Captain, U.S. Air Force, 1965-68.

Personal Information

Married, Martha Hill Woodward. Three children. Four grandchildren. Member of
the Methodist Church.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

The University ot North at Greensboro, located near the geographic center of
the state and in its third-largest city, has a long tradition of academic excellence. As
The State Normal and Industrial School (1891-96), The State Normal and Industrial
College (1896-1919), The North Carolina College for Women (1919-32) and The
Woman's College of the University of North Carolina (1932-63), the institutions
concentration was on the education of women for many years. In 1963, Woman's j
College was renamed The University of North Carolina at Greensboro and became '
coeducational. With the change came an expanded educational mission, particularly
at the graduate level. Today, UNCG has a headcount enrollment of more than ,
13,000 students. Over the years, the university has awarded more than 85,000 '
degrees.

Under the leadership of Chancellor Patricia A. Sullivan, UNCG is meeting ,
the challenges of the 21st centur>' as the institution expands its teaching, research j
and semce through initiatives m education, business, science, cultural leadership j
and public policy. The campus is living its mission statement: "The University of ;
North Carolina at Greensboro is a leading student-centered university, Unking the I
Piedmont Triad to the world through learning, discovery, and ser\ace.'"

Among Its major outreach activities, UNCG established a Center for New j
North Carolinians m 2000 to assist the state's growing immigrant community UNCG |
also has achieved success with its Center for the Study of Social Issues, which
utilizes UNCG's faculty expertise to help solve community problems. Working in |
cooperation with Moses Cone Health Systems, UNCG also operates the Institute
for Health, Science and Society The institute promotes the sharing and exchange of
resources to mutually enhance research and teaching and serve the Triad community
The Center for Global Business Education and Research is internationalizing the
curriculum for students in the Joseph M. Biyan School of Business and Economics.
The School of Education had the states top teacher education programs for 2000
and 2001, as determined by N.C. State Board of Education criteria.

With approval of the North Carolina Higher Education Bonds, UNCG
continues to enhance its instructional facilities and campus infrastructure. In 2001-
2002, UNCG had projects totaling more than $140 million either m construction,
planning or design. The centerpiece of this building effort is the $39.2 million
Science Building, a 170,000-square-foot teaching and research facility for the
university's departments of Biology and Chemistry and Biochemistry. The new
faciUty will open for fall semester classes m 2003. Other bond referendum projects '
in the planning or design stage include a Humanities Hall, $15.8 million, a Studio
Art Center, $16.6 million, and $15.7 million m telecommunications and
infrastructure projects. A new addition to Elliott University Center is finished and
is ser\ing the campus, and a complete renovation of the older part of the student
center will be completed for use m Januar\' 2003.

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UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

Academically, the university consists of a College of Arts and Sciences, which
contains 20 departments, and six professional schools: the Joseph M. Bryan School
of Business and Economics, Education, Health and Human Performance, Human
Environmental Sciences, Music and Nursing. Walter Clinton Jackson Library is
one of the states largest research facilities and it is designated as a depository for
both federal and state documents. It has an open-stack collection of over 2.7 million
holdings, including documents, microtext and more than one million printed
volumes. The university has a full-time faculty of 812, of whom 631 hold full-time
appointments. Of the full-time faculty, 88.6 percent hold doctorates or terminal
degrees.

The university offers bachelors degrees in 100 academic areas, masters
degrees in 65 and doctorates in 15. The University's Residential College and CorneUa
Strong College each provide innovative academic and social experiences for students.

' UNCGs pre-professional programs offer all of the courses required for admission
to dental, law, medical and veterinary schools, and to transfer to programs in
engineering, pharmacy and physical therapy. The College of Arts and Sciences is
expanding its Communication Across the Curriculum Program, which gives students
skills in writing and speaking through their academic work. UNCG is one of only
six public or private institutions m North Carolina to have a chapter of Phi Beta

' Kappa, the nations oldest and most prestigious scholastic honorary society.

, Faculty research and other creative work continue to increase each year at the

I university. Total award dollars from research, training and public ser\qce grants and

contracts passed $27 million m fiscal year 2000-2001. The university's faculty

! members are engaged in a wide variety of research projects designed both to improve

■ the lives of North Carolina's citizens and to advance knowledge. In 2000, for
I example, UNCG received a contract renewal of more than $36 million for the
! SouthEastern Regional Vision for Education (SERVE), one of 10 regional educational

■ laboratories in the country. The university's fundraising drive, the Second Century
, Campaign, was completed in 1999, surpassing its $42.8 million goal by more
j than $12.5 million to raise a total of $55.4 million. From that campaign came the

resources to create new and more innovative programs from which students will
benefit for years to come.

Chartered in 1891, UNCG opened its doors as the State Normal and
Industrial School in 1892, with an initial student body of 223 and a 15-member
faculty. Its campus in 1892 consisted of 10 acres and its original curriculum featured
three departments. These departments offered courses in business, domestic science
and normal school training through a three-year course of study that led to a diploma.
UNCG was the hrst state-supported school for the education of women in North
Carolina.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 i

Leading thai crusade for ihe education of women was Charles Duncan i
Mclver, who served as ihc institutions first president from 1892-1906. In 1906, \
following the death of Dr. Mclver, Dr. Julius 1. Foust became president and served |
until 1934, when he retired from active service. In 1932 the school became one of
the three institutions which made up the Consolidated University of North Carolina. |
At the time, the institution was renamed Woman's College of the University of !
North Carolina. '

In 1934, Dr. Walter Clinton Jackson, who had served as teacher and vice- !
president, was elected head of the institution with the title of Dean of Administration.

Bv act of the board of trustees in 1945, the title of the head of the institution was i

■' _ 1

changed to Chancellor. Dr. Jackson, who retired m 1950, was succeeded by Dr.
Edward Kidder Graham. After Dr. Grahams resignation in 1956, Dr. WW Pierson
Jr. served as acting chancellor until July 1, 1957, when Dr. Gordon W Blackwell
became chancellor. Dr. Pierson returned to serve again as acting chancellor m
September 1960, after the resignation of Dr. Blackwell. Dr. Otis Singletary became \
chancellor July 1, 1961. !

In 1963, Woman's College was renamed the University of North Carolina !
at Greensboro and became co-educational. During the period of November 1964, '
to February 1966, while Dr. Singletary was on leave of absence. Dr. James Ferguson i
served as acting chancellor. Dr. Singletary returned and served as chancellor until ,
his resignation on November 1, 1966. Dr. Ferguson again served as acting chancellor
and was appointed chancellor on January 9, 1967. Dr. Ferguson served until his
retirement to return to teaching m the summer of 1979, when Dr. William F. Moran
became chancellor. Dr. Patricia A. SulUvan succeeded Dr. Moran as chancellor m
1995.

On campus, UNCG has ample opportunities for recreation, entertainment
and social life. Elliot University Center sponsors concerts on a regular basis during
the year. The University Concert and Lecture Series provides a yearlong array of
performances by major artist and performing groups. In addition, about 1 50 student
organizations, eight fraternities and eight social sororities have either colonies or
chapters m operation at the university

718

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

CHAPTER SEVEN

Dr. Patricia A. Sullivan

Chancellor
UNC-Greensboro

Early Years

iBorn m Staten Island, New York, on November 22, 1939,
! to John M. and Antoinette M. Nagengast.

: Educational Background

Notre Dame College; B.A., St. Johns University, 1961;
M.S., New York University, 1964; Ph.D., New York
University, 1967.

iProfessional Background

'Chancellor, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1995-Present; Vice-
President for Academic Affairs, Texas Women's University, 1987-94; Interim
President, Texas Women's University, 1993-94; Dean of the College, Salem College,
1981-87; Associate Professor of Biology and Director of the Biology Honors Program,
Texas Women's University, 1979-81; Associate Professor of Biology, Wells College,
1975-80; Visiting Fellow, Cornell University Program on Science, Technology and
Society, 1976; Assistant Professor of Biology, Wells College, 1970-75; Post-Doctoral
Fellow, National Institutes of Health, 1968-70; Assistant Professor of Biology,
Wagner College, 1967-68.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Ci\ic or Community Seryice Organizations

Chair, 2002 Greater Greensboro United Way Campaign; National Conference for
Community & Justice (Board of Directors, Greensboro Chapter); N.C. Citizens for
Business and Industry (Member, Board of Directors).

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

American Council on Education, Commission on Women in Higher Education;
American Association of State Colleges & Universities; Southern Association of
Colleges and Schools.

Honors and Awards

1999 Honorary Doctor of Pedagogy, St. John's University.

Personal Information

Married, Charles W Sullivan. Member, St. Paul the Apostle Roman Catholic Church,
Greensboro.

719

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

University of North Carolina at Pembroke

The Uni\'ersily oi Norih Carolina ai Pembroke was founded in 1887 to educate
Native Americans of Robeson County. It is one of the oldest public universities in
the state. Until 1953, UNC-Pembroke vvas the only state-supported, four-year college
for Native Americans in the nation. Today, UNCP is a Comprehensive 1 university
offering 53 undergraduate programs, 40 minors and nine graduate programs.
Although UNCP has a di\'erse student body drawn from across the nation and from
several foreign countries, the majority of students are from the immediate ten-county
region. The university occupies 126 acres in the town of Pembroke (population
approximately 3,000), located m rural southeastern North Carolina. UNCP is located
ten miles west of Lumberton.

The University of North Carolina at Pembroke began as a normal school
established by the General Assembly on March 7, 1887. The state appropriated
$500 for teaching instruction, but left the Robeson County Indians to finance the i
purchase of land and construction of buildings. The Rev. WL. Moore, an outstanding j
leader of great determination, spearheaded the efforts to raise money for the new ■
institution. He is regarded as the "Founder, Erector, Teacher" of the early normal I
school. i

The Croatan Normal School enrolled 15 students m the fall of 1887. The General I
Assembly renamed the school the Indian Normal School of Robeson County, then |
changed it again to the Cherokee Indian Normal School of Robeson County. This
name remained until 1941, when it was changed to Pembroke State College fori
Indians. Eight years later, it was shortened to Pembroke State College.

In 1951, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools granted fulU
accreditation to the school as a four-year liberal arts college. A steady increase m
enrollment prompted an expansion of academic programs and facilities. In 1969, ;
the General Assembly granted regional unn^ersity status and the institutions name •
changed to Pembroke State Uni\'ersity. Three years later, the university became a
constituent member of the University of North Carolina system, joining 15 other
campuses in the system. Effective July 1, 1996, the institutions name was changed
to the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. ;,

UNC-Pembrokes growth as a university has been especially progressive m the !
last two decades. Masters in Education programs were implemented m 1978 and.
now include degree programs in Educational Administration, Educational;
Supervision, Elementary Education, English Education, Mathematics Education, ^
Middle Grades Education and Reading Education. Masters in School Counseling, ;
Business Administration and Organizational Leadership and Management have also i
been added to the university's post-baccalaureate offerings. j

UNCP enjoys the highest accreditation possible and features 53 undergraduate '•
degree programs and 40 minors through 1 7 undergraduate academic departments: j

720 i

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

American Indian Studies, Art, Biology, Business Administration and Economics,
Communicative Arts, Education, Geology and Geography, Health, Physical Education
and Recreation, History, Mathematics and Computer Science, Music, Nursing,
Philosophy and Religion, Physical Science, Political Science, Psychology and
Sociology, Social Work and Criminal Justice.

Newest additions to the institutions baccalaureate degree offerings are a Bachelor

of Science in Nursing, which began in 1992, and a Bachelor of Science in Community

Health Education and a Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice, both begun in the

1993-94 academic year. Bachelor programs m American Studies, Athletic Training

I and Birth Through Kindergarten Education were also recently added.

UNCP offers a Bachelor of Arts in American Indian Studies, one of only two
such degree programs offered east of the Mississippi River. The university has an
outstanding collection of American Indian art and artifacts in its Native American
Resource Center, which draws thousands of visitors each year from across the U.S.
and abroad.

UNC-Pembroke has participated in the N.C. Teaching Fellows Program since
1994. The program has been hailed as the nations top teacher recruitment program
and is designed to attract todays brightest students and prepare them for their role
as tomorrows teachers.

The state-of-the-art Givens Performing Arts Center is the cultural center of the
region, featuring Broadway shows like Fiddler on the Roof, A Choms Line, My Fair
Lady and Biigadoon, among others.

UNCPs Regional Center for Economic, Community and Professional
Development provides a variety of services including research, planning, assessment,
consulting, conference design and customized training. The center also offers an
array of programs in community health, rural education, small business consulting,
public safety and management development.

WNCP-TV, UNC-Pembroke's modern television facility, enables the university
to distribute weekly programming to a potential audience of 2.5 miUion North
Carolinians. The station is broadcast through cable systems in Fayetteville, Charlotte,
Lumberton, Wilmington and other cities. WNCP-TV s Action News 8 is a live, student-
produced television news program. WNCP-TVs programming is broadcast daily
over WFAY, Fox 62, in Fayetteville. WNCP-TV students also produce a weekly
sports show that airs Friday nights on WKFT-TV, Channel 40, in Fayetteville.

UNC-Pembroke is a member of the NCAA Division II Peach Belt Conference.
The conference, composed of public colleges and universities in North Carolina,
South Carolina and Georgia, has enabled UNCP to compete athletically with
institutions similar in size and mission and provides a high level of competition.

The University of North Carolina at Pembroke is committed to academic
excellence in a balanced program of teaching, research and service. The university's

721

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

facully and adminislralion believe that commitment to education as a lifelong
experience compels UNCP to enhance and enrich the intellectual, economic, social,
cultural and political life o\ the region it ser\'es. By actively pursuing these goals,
UNCP, by example, fulfills another aspect of its mission — to instill m students a
continuing appreciation for diverse cultures and an active concern for the well-
being of others.

Dr. Allen C. Meadors

Chancellor
UNC-Pembroke

Early Years

Born m Van Buren, Arkansas.

Educational Background

B.A. m Business Administration, University of
Central Arkansas; M.B.A.; Ph.D. m Administration
and Education, Southern Illinois University; A.B. m
Computer Sciences, Saddleback College.

Professional Background

Chancellor, University of North Carolina at

Pembroke, 1999-Present; CEO and Dean,

Pennsylvania State University at Altoona, 1993-

1999; Dean and Professor, College of Health, Social and Public Services, Eastern

Washington University, 1990-93; Chair and Professor, Department of Health

Administration, and Dean, College of PubHc Health, University of Oklahoma, 1989-

90.

Military Service

Health Administrator, Medical Ser\ace Corps, United States Air Force, 1969-73.

Honors and Awards

Certified Fellow, American College of Healthcare Executives.

Personal Information

Married to Barbara Meadors. Tvv'o children.

722

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

University of North Carolina at Wilmington

The 650-acre arboretum campus of the University of North Carohna at
I Wilmington (UNCW) offers an oasis of green amidst the commercial bustle of
South College Road and the warm brick Georgian architecture of the campus
I buildings provides a suitable atmosphere for learning.

i UNCW, among the fastest-growing universities m the 16-campus UNC system,

' prides itself on its undergraduate education, a marine biology curriculum that ranks

; fifth in the nation, a commitment to increased internationalism and environmental

education and its mission to provide community outreach to the region it serves.

Organized into the College of Arts and Sciences, the Cameron School of Business
Administration, the Watson School of Education, the School of Nursing and the
Graduate School, the university offers 70 undergraduate and 25 post-graduate degree
programs to its student body of more than 10,600.

Degree programs include: Accountancy, Anthropology, Art History, Athletic
Training, Biology, Business Administration, Business Systems and Marketing,
Chemistry, Clinical Laboratory Science, Communication Studies, Computer Science,
Criminal Justice, Economics, Education, Education of Young Children, Elementary
Education, English, Environmental Studies, Finance, French, Geography, Geology,
History, Marine Biology, Mathematics, Middle Grades Education, Music, Music
Performance, Nursing, Parks & Recreation Management, Philosophy and Religion,
Physical Education and Health, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, School
Administration, Social Work, Sociology, Spanish, Special Education, Studio Art,
Teaching and Theater, Therapeutic Recreation.

Graduate degree programs include: Accountancy, Biology, Business
Administration, Chemistry, Creative Writing, Critical Literacy, Curriculum/Instruction
Supervision, English, Family Nurse Practitioner, Geology, History, Liberal Studies,
Marine Biology, Marine Sciences, Mathematics, Middle Grades Education,
Psychology, School Administration, Special Education.

The university, founded m 1947 as Wilmington College, first moved to the
College Road site in 1961 and occupied three buildings. It became the University
of North Carolina at Wilmington m 1969. The campus now has 75 buildings on a
650-acre tract. In hve residence halls, 13 apartment buildings and seven suites,
more than 2,000 students live on campus. A University Union and Warwick Center
provide for the needs of resident and commuting students and are used occasionally
by the general public as well.

Three of the university's facilities are available for use by the general public: the
1,000-seat Kenan Auditorium, the 6,000-seat Trask Coliseum and Randall Library
(a regional Federal Document Repository). Kenan Auditorium is used for concerts,
theater productions, lectures and public meetings. Trask Coliseum is used for
exhibitions and larger shows, as well as athletic events.

723

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

UNCW offers some evening classes and two five-week summer terms. In [
addition to the regular curriculum courses, the Division for Public Service and ;
Continuing Studies offers a variety of seminars, short courses and workshops for j
continuing education credit or for personal enrichment. For additional information, :
contact UNCW, 601 South College Road Wilmmgton, NC 28403, call (910) 962- 1
3000 or N'isit the unix'ersily's web site at w\v\vuncwil.edu. I

Dr. James R. Leutze

Chancellor
UNC Wilmington

Early Years

Born m Charleston, South CaroHna, December
24, 1935, to Willard Parker and Magdalene Mae
Leutze.

Educational Background

Wicomco High School, Salisbury, Maryland,
1953; B.A., University of Maryland, 1957; M.A.,
University of Miami, 1959; Georgetown
University 1963; Ph.D., Duke University, 1968.

Professional Background

Chancellor, University of North Carolina at

Wilmington; Creator, producer and host of Globe

Watch, N.C. Center for Public TV, 1983-97; Professor of History, UNCW, 1990-

Present. ;

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Board of Directors, Kenan Institute-Asia, 1997-Present; Board of Directors, Daniel
D. and Elizabeth H. Cameron Foundation, 1996-Present; Board of Directors, Donald,
R. Watson Foundation, 1994-Present. I

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, N.C. Rural Internet Access Commission, 2000-Present; Board of Directors,
N.C. Progress Board, 2000-Present; Member, Commission on Smart Growth, 2000- j
Present. \

Military Service \

Captain, Commander Headquarters, U.S. z^ir Force, 1960-63. \

Awards and Honors I

Cyber Warrior Pioneer for Distance Learning Experimentation; J.W. Pate Award for;
Environmental Advocacy Cape Fear River x^sembly; 1971 Standard Oil Award ior|
Teaching, UNC. j

Personal Information \

Married, Margaret Gates. j

724

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

Western Carolina University

Western Carolina University began modestly in 1889 as a small mountain school
housed in an unpainted frame structure, with only a few benches and a blackboard.
Today, the university of more than 6,900 students finds itself at the national forefront
in the use of computer technology in teaching and learning, but Western still retains
its tradition of close personal ties that began with the institutions founding.

The administration ofWCU's current chancellor, John W Bardo, who took office
in 1995, has been marked by rapid innovations in teaching and learning as the
university has been swept along in the great tide of technological advances that
produced the Internet and hand-held computers.

Continuing an effort begun under the leadership of the previous chancellor,
Myron L. Coulter, the university completed a massive project to make Western the
first fully "wired" campus in The University of North Carolina system. In fall of
1998, WCU became the first pubUc university in North Carolina, and one of the
first 12 public universities nationwide, to require students to report to campus
with networkable computers. Computer ports in residence hall rooms allow the
students of the 21 si century to access information from around the world, and to
connect to the university's computer network and library from their rooms.

Western has received considerable national attention for its outcomes-based
computer requirement, implemented with definite educational objectives about how
students are expected to use the computers. The campus has been rated one of the
nation's "most wired" by a leading Internet magazine two years in a row.

In the midst of all this high tech, the Western community is still one that prides
itself on the personal touch. With a faculty-to-student ratio of l-to-15, professors
take the time to get to know their students by name.

Early in his administration. Chancellor Bardo set an institutional goal of "raising
the bar" of academic standards at Western Carolina, an effort that led to a dramatic
increase in the average Scholastic Assessment Test scores of incoming freshmen.
Standing at the forefront of WCU' s efforts to raise academic standards is the Honors
College. The university's honors program was elevated to college status in 1997,
and since then its enrollment has soared from 75 students to close to 700 students
today. The Honors College is playing a prominent role, also, as Western attracts
increasing numbers of the best and brightest students from Western North Carolina.

Under Chancellor Bardo's leadership. Western was designated a National Merit
sponsoring university in April, 2000, at that time one of just four institutions of
higher education m the state, public or private, to receive that distinction.

WCU's emphasis on involving undergraduate students in research is drawing
national attention. In recent years, the university has repeatedly ranked in the top
20 in the nation in the number of papers accepted for presentation at the National
Conference on Undergraduate Research.

725

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

VViih voters' approval oi a slalevv'ide higher education bond package in fall ^
2000, Western was launched into a building boom of a magnitude never before
seen on the campus. The universilys share of the bonds — $98.4 million —
represents the single largest infusion of funds in the institution' s history .Those ,
dollars, combined with federal funds and other funds provided through self-
lic[uidating projects, are driving a $130 million construction boom that promises'
to redraw the campus map o\'er the coming decade as Western prepares for projected
enrollment growth. Cornerstone projects include a hne and performing arts center, !
a high-tech workforce leadership development center, an addition to the A.K. Hinds
University Center, a new residence hall, and new and improved athletics facilities.

The institution that began as a little one-room school m the Cullowhee Valley
has come a long way. Western Carolina now offers more than 120 undergraduate
majors and areas of concentration, and graduate degrees in more than 50 areas of :
study, including the doctor of education degree. |

Dr. John William Bardo

Chancellor

Western Carolina University

Early Years

Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on October 28, 1948, to
John Thomas and Grace Roberta Day Bardo.

Educational Background

Visiting Scholar, University of Southampton, England,
1968-69; B.A., University of Cincinnati, 1970; M.A.,
Ohio University, 1971; Ph.D., the Ohio State
University, 1973; Institute for Educational
Management, Harvard University, 1987.

Professional Background

Chancellor, Western Carolina University, 1995-

Present; Provost and Vice-President for Academic Affairs, Bridgewater State College,
1993-95; Vice-President for Academic Affairs, Bridgewater State College, 1990-93;
Assistant to the President for Planning and Evaluation, University of North Florida,
1989-90; Provost and Vice-President for Academic Affairs, University of North
Florida, 1986-89; Dean, School of Liberal Arts, Southwest Texas State University,
1983-86; Chair, Department of Sociology and Social Work, Wichita State University,
1978-83; Professor, Lecturer, Research Assistant, 1971-83.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Western N.C. Biotechnology Task Force; American Association of State Colleges
and Universities; American Council on Education.

726

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

\Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

JN.C. Association of Colleges and Universities; N.C. Arboretum; Educational &
'Resource Consortium of Western North Carolina

Honors and Awards

fulbright Senior Scholar Award to Australia; Phi Kappa Phi; Kansas Committee for
the Humanities, Outstanding Humanities Project on Urban Issues.

Personal Information

Married, Deborah Davis Bardo. One child.

727

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 j

Winston-Salem State University i

VVinslon-Salem Siaie Uiiucrsiiy was founded as the Slater Industrial Academy |
on September 28, 1892. It began in a one-room frame structure with 25 pupils and '
one teacher. In 1895, the school was recognized by the State of North Carolina, j
and, in 1897, it was chartered by the state as the Slater Industrial and State Normal!
School. I

In 1925, the General Assembly of North Carolina extended the school's]
curriculum above the high school level and changed its name to Winston-Salem i
Teachers College, at the same time empowering it, under authority ol the N.C. ;
Board of Education, to confer appropriate degrees. Winston-Salem Teachers College!
thus became the hrst Negro institution in the nation to grant degrees for teaching
the elementary grades.

The Nursing School was established in 1953, awarding graduates the degree of
bachelor o{ science. The General Assembly changed the institutions name again in'
1969 to Wmston-Salem State University On October 30, 1971, the General!
Assembly reorganized higher education m North Carolina, and on July 1, 1972
Wmsion-Salem State University became one of 16 constituent institutions of the I
University of North Carolina. In the fall of 1997, WSSU was named a John
Templeton Foundation Honor Roll Character-Buildmg College, a designation that'
recogmzes colleges and universities which emphasize character-building as an integral I
part of the college experience.

Winston-Salem State University currently enrolls approximately 2,900 and offers |
bachelors degrees in 28 majors. Resideni:ial facilities at the university consist of
four residence halls (one for men, two for women and one co-educational). WSSU'S'
newest residence facility Haywood L, Wilson, Jr., Hall, a 400-student co-educational:
residence, opened m 1993 at a cost of $6.3 million. The 97,000 square-foot facility
contains 92 suites and eight apartments. .

Wmston-Salem State University is located on nearly 100 acres m Winston-|
Salem, a cit\- of 172,000. The city is a part of North Carolina's Triad region, which
encompasses the near-by cities of Greensboro and High Point. The Cleon F.
Thompson, Jr., Student Services Center is the university s newest facility The muki-;
use center houses admissions, financial aid, the Ofhce of the Registrar and several!
other operations that serve the umversitys student body The Diggs Gallery with'
more than 6,500 square-feet, is the umversitys cultural center. The gallery offers;
more than 15 \'isual art exhibitions a year and one of the more highly-regardedj
college or umversity-based galleries m the nation. s

728

UNC SYSTEM COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CHAPTER SEVEN

Dr. Harold L Martin, Sr.

chancellor

(Winston- Salem State University

tarly Years

jNative of Winston-Salem.

ducational Background

.S. in Electrical Engineering, North Carolina

gricultural and Technical State University; M.S.

n Electrical Engineering, North Carolina

iAgricultural and Technical State University; Ph.D.

in Computer Architecture, Virginia Polytechnic

Institute and State University.

Vrojessional Background

jChancellor, Winston-Salem State University, 2000-

jpresent; Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural
and Technical State University, 1980-89; Chair, Department of Electrical Engineering,
North Carolma Agricultural and Technical State University, 1985-89; Dean, College
bf Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1989-
i94 (Adjunct Faculty Member, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
North Carolina State University); Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs, North
jCarolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 1994-2000.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

{National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Member of Advisory Committees);
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers; IEEE Computer Society

Elected or Appointed Boards and Commissions

Chair, Board of Directors, Southern Consortium for Minorities in Engineering; North
Carolina Board of Science and Technology; North Carolina Biotechnology Center
jAdvisory Board.

ponors and Awards

Alumnus of the Year, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University.

personal Information

Married, Davida Martin. Two children.

729

:C. COMMUNITY

N. C. Community College System

The N.C. Community College System includes 58 two-year, publicly-supported

colleges that serve as the state s primary providers of technical and vocational training

beyond high school. The system also mcludes the N.C. Center for Applied Textile

Technology In addition to their primary mission of workforce and economic

I development, North Carolina's community colleges provide a variety of other

I educational opportunities. They teach new immigrants English, help adults overcome

I illiteracy offer adults an opportunity to obtain a high school diploma and provide

the first two years of a four-year baccalaureate degree. All 100 counties have access

to one or more of the 58 community colleges. Campuses are located within 30

ij miles of virtually all North Carolinians. In 1997-98, more than 747,000 adults

i took one or more courses at a North CaroUna community college.

The N.C. Community College System offers a wide range of technical, vocational
. and academic programs leading to a certificate, diploma or associate degree. Program
, offerings vary from college to college, depending on the needs of the surrounding
' community Most of the more than 1 ,800 programs offered within the community
college system are designed to prepare individuals for entry-level technical positions
in business and industry with an Associate of Applied Science degree. College-
transfer programs are now available at every North Carolina community college.
Depending upon the college, students may pursue Associate in Arts, Associate in
Science or Associate in Fine Arts degrees. The system has a Comprehensive
Articulation Agreement with the University of North Carolina system designed to
improve the transfer process between institutions. A number of private colleges
^ and universities have signed similar agreements with community colleges.

All of the institutions of the North Carolina Community College System offer
; occupational extension classes — short-term courses designed to upgrade employee

■ skills. Most of these courses are customized to the particular needs of individual

■ companies. The New and Expanding Industries Program is a particularly important
part of the customized training effort. Available free to employers who create at least

; 12 new jobs in the state, the program has trained more than 300,000 employees
j for more than 3,000 employers since 1963. Focused Industrial Training (FIT)
Programs meet the training needs of established businesses. Since 1981 FIT has
i trained more than 70,000 employees in 7,000 workplaces. The N.C. Community
College System also operates a Small Business Center Network through the 58
campuses. The SBCs offer a range of free services and classes to small business
owners and managers, many of them free or at a very low cost.

ICOLLEGE SYSTEM

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Suppoi'l of economic growth and prosperity through education was the
underlying concept that guided the development of the community college system.
The systems mission is defined in the N.C. General Statutes (115D):

The major purpose oj each and every insiituiion operating under the
provisums of ihis Chapler <.haU be and shall eoniinue to be the ojjermg of
vocational and teehniud education and trainin\:^, and of basic, /ligh school level,
academic education needed in order to profit from vocational and technical
education, jor students who arc high school graduates or who are bevond the
compulsory age limit oj the public school system and who have lejt the public
schools.

From 1963-7'-), the community college system was under the puniew of the
N.C. Board of Education. In 1979, the General Assembly created the State Board of
Community Colleges, which assumed full responsibility m 1981.

The state boards primary function is to adopt and execute policies, regulations
and standards it deems necessary^ for the establishment, administration and operation
of community colleges. The State Board of Community Colleges has 21 members.
The governor appoints ten members and the N.C. House and Senate elect four
each. The lieutenant governor and the state treasurer are voting ex-officio members
of the board. The president of the North Carolina Comprehensive Community
College Student Government Association serves as a non-voting ex-ofhcio member.

The president of the N.C. Community College System and its staff provide
state-level administration, direction and leadership under the jurisdiction of the
board. Working with the state board, the system staff distributes state tunds and
provides hscal accountability, approves education programs and carries out the
policies and procedures established by the state board and the General Assembly
The system ofhce also provides statewide sendees for the beneht of the community
colleges and the public that individual colleges would ha\'e trouble initiating or
funding on their own.

Each community college is governed by a local board ot trustees and managed
by a president. Local boards are composed of men and women appointed from the
service areas of the colleges. The governor, county commissions and local boards
of education appoint members. Each local board also has a student member —
usually the president ot the colleges student government association — serve as a
non-votmg, ex-officio member. i

Community colleges ser\'e a broad spectrum of people whose needs, skills and
interests vary. Thus, each college provides a unique mixture of educational and
training programs specifically attuned to the local economy. For more mtormation^
about North Carolinas Community College System, call the system ofhce at C919)j
733-7051 or visit the systems Web site at www.ncccs.cc.nc.us. >

732

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

H. Martin Lancaster

President, North Carolina
Community College System

lEarly Years

Born in Wayne County on March 24, 1943, to

iHarold W. and Eva Pate Lancaster.

}

i^ducational Background

Ipikeville High School, Pikeville, 1961; A.B.,

University of North CaroUna-Chapel Hill, 1965;

IGraduate, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1967.

Professional Background

jPresident, North Carolina Community College

iSystem, 1997-Present; Assistant Secretary of the

[Army for Civil Works, 1996-97; Special Advisor to the President on Chemical

Weapons, 1995-96; Special Assistant to Gov James B. Hunt, Jr., 1995; Member,

U.S. House of Representatives, 1987-95; Member, N.C. House of Representatives,

(1979-86; Partner, Law Firm of Baddour, Lancaster, Parker and Hine, 1970-86.

Organizations

[Lecturer, George C. Marshall Center, Garmisch, German, 1995-Present; Masonic
iLodge, York Rite and Scottish Rite (Knight Commander, Court of Honor; 33-Degree);
[Shriner; Chair, U.S. Section, Permanent International Association of Navigation
jCongresses, 1996-97; Chair, U.S. Delegation to Mississippi-Rhine Exchange, 1996.

Boards and Commissions

[N.C. Education Cabinet; North Carolina Economic Development Commission,
|l997-Present; N.C. School Improvement Panel, 1997-Present; Governor s Workforce
jPreparedness Commission, 1997-Present; Working Group Chair for Education
'Issues, Rural Prosperity Task Force, 1999-2000.

Military Service

IvTU, Washington, D.C., 1987-93 (Captain, Retired); Naval Reserves, VTU (LAW)
0708, Raleigh, 1983-86; Air Force Reserves, Seymour Johnson Air Force Base,
Goldsboro, 1970-83; Assistant Staff Judge Advocate, Washington Naval District,

T970; Staff Judge Advocate, USS Hancock (CVA-19), 1968-70; Assistant Staff Judge

^Advocate, Twelfth Naval District, 1968.

[Honors and Awards

jl987 4-H National Alumnus of the Year Award; 1986 4-H North Carolina Alumnus
jof the Year Award; 1989 and 1994 National Security Leadership Award; 1993

Freedom Award, N.C. Wing, Civil Air Patrol; 1992 Distinguished Service Award,

i American Logistics Association.

733

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Personal luformalion

Married Alice Matheny of Forest City on May 31, 1975. Two children. Member,
White Memorial Presbyterian Church, Raleigh.

N.C. Community College System

President's Office

H. Martm Lancaster
President

Pia McKenzie

Special Assistant to the President

Clyde Higgs

Executive Assistant to the President

Dr. Stephen C. Scott

Executive Vice-President and Chiet Operating Ollicer

Dr. Dclores Parker

Vice-President for Academic and Student Ser\'ices

Dr. Janyth A. Fredrickson

Associate Vice-President for Academic and Student Serxdces I

Dr. Scott Ralls i

Vice-President for Economic and Workforce Development

Charles B. Barham

Associate Vice-President for Economic and Workforce Development

Kennon D. Briggs

Vice-President for Business and Finance

Dr. Brenda Rogers
Vice-President for Administration

Robert R. Blackmun

Associate Vice-President for Information Services and Technology

Keith Brown j

Associate Vice-President for Planning and Research ;

Rosalyn Comfort j

Director of Personnel !

Suzanne E. Williams

Assistant to the President for Governmental Relations

Chancy M. Kapp

Assistant to the President for System Affairs

734

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

President's Office (continued)

Audrey K. Bailey

Assistant to the President for Public Information

I Dr. Donny L. Hunter
Assistant to the President for Board and Education Liaison

Clay Tee Hines

Assistant to the President for Legal Affairs

Community and Technical

Dr. Martin Nadelman
Kenneth Ray Bailey
Dr. U. Ronald Champion
Dr. Darrell Page

Dr. David W. Smk
Dr. W. Michael Reaves
Dr. Kenneth A. Boham
Dr. Eric B. McKeithan

Dr. Joseph T. Barwick
Dr. Cuyler Dunbar
Dr. Marvin R. Joyner
Dr. Paul Anthony Zeiss

Dr. L. Steve Thornburg
Dr. Ronald K. Lingle
Dr. Sylvester E. McKay
Dr. Lewis S. Redd

Dr. J. Bryan Brooks
Dr. Phail W>Tin, Jr.
Dr. Hartwell H. Fuller, Jr.
Dr. Larry B. N orris

Dr. Desna L. Wallm
Dr. Patricia A. Skinner
Dr. Donald W. Cameron
Dr. Theodore Gasper, Jr.

Dr. Nathan Hodges

Dr. Willard L. Lewis, 111

Dr. Mary Wood

Dr. Donald Reichard

College Presidents (as of February 1, 2000)

Alamance County Community College
Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College
Beaufort County Community College
Bladen Community College

Blue Ridge Community College

Brunswick Community College

Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute

Cape Fear Community College

Carteret Community College
Catawba Valley Community College
Central Carolina Community College
Central Piedmont Community College

Cleveland Community College
Coastal Carolina Community College
College of the Albemarle
Craven Community College

Davidson County Community College
Durham Technical Community College
Edgecombe Community College
Fayetteville Technical Community College

Forsyth Technical Community College
Gaston College

Guilford Technical Community College
Halifax Community College

Haywood Technical College
Isothermal Community College
James Sprunt Community College
Johnston Community College

735

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Community and Technical College Presidents (as of February 1, 2000)

Dr. Karin Pcllil

Dr. Ann R. Briu

Dr. Thomas E. Williams

Dr. Virginia N4iichell

Dr. Douglas Eason

Dr. Mary P. Kirk

Dr. James Lenrons

Dr. Katherme M. Johnson

Lenoir Community College
Martin Community College
Mayland Community College
McDowell Technical Community College

Mitchell Community College
Montgomer)' Community College
N.C. Center for Applied Textile Technology
Nash Community College

Dr. Francis Manon Altman, Jr. Pamlico Community College

Dr. H. James Owen
Dr. Charles E. Russell
Dr. Larrv K. Linker

Joseph W Grimsley
Dr. Harold E. Mitchell
Fred G. Williams, Jr.
Dr. Robert C. Keys

Dr. Richard L. Brownell
Dr. Clifton W Padenck
Dr. John R. Dempsey
Dr. Donald Paul Altieri

Piedmont Community College
Pitt Community College
Randolph Communit)' College

Richmond Community College
Roanoke-Chowan Community College
Robeson Community College
Rockingham Community College

Rowan-Cabarrus Community College
Sampson Community College
Sandhills Community College

South Piedmont Community College
Dr. Swanson Richards (Interim) Southeastern Community College

Dr. Cecil L. Groves
Dr. Michael R. Taylor
Dr. Frank Sells

Martin Lancaster
Dr. Norman Oglesby
Robert A. Miller
Dr. Bruce I. Howell

Dr. Edward H. Wilson
Dr. James A. Richardson
Dr. Gordon G. Burns, Jr.
Dr. Frank L. Eagles

Southwestern Community College
Stanly Community College
Suriy Community College

System Office of the N.C. Community College System
Tri-County Community College
Vance-Granville Community College
Wake Technical Community College

W^a)Tie Community College

Western Piedmont Community College

Wilkes Community College

Wilson County Technical Community College

736

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

Alamance County Community College

Graham, N.C.

Citizens of Alamance County depend upon Alamance County Community
College for educational opportunity and career advancement, while businesses and
mdustries in the local community depend on the college for a trained and technically-
skilled work force. Since 1958, ACC has been responding to the educational,
occupational and cultural needs of Alamance County's residents and business
community, changing curricula and adding new programs in response to the ever-
changing needs of its service area.

Accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, ACC offers
36 technical and vocational programs of study, m addition to a college transfer
option. The curriculum offerings are supported by more than 80 full-time faculty
in four academic divisions: business; human resources; humanities, public service
and college transfer; and industrial technology. The continuing education division
offers more than 900 diverse courses per year, including industrial services, literacy
programs and personal interest courses.

With a curriculum enrollment of approximately 3,500 students and continuing
education enrollment of more than 13,000 per year, ACC is among the largest
public, two-year institutions in the N.C. Community College System. Approximately
one m every five adult residents of Alamance County attends ACC each year for
some type of educational experience, making the colleges percentage of service area
population served one of the highest rates in the state.

Located in Graham along Interstate 85/40, the main campus is situated on a 72-
acre site on the banks of the Haw River. It includes a three-story building of 182,562
square feet with classrooms, laboratories, a learning resource center, student support
services, student commons and administrative offices. A new 49,525 square-foot
science and technology building opened in August, 1996, and includes science,
fine arts, computer laboratories and a multi-media information highway laboratory.
This facility includes heav)^ equipment industry training sites and general classroom
space. The main campus also has a shop building and a greenhouse. The college
operates a Burlington campus at 1519 North Mebane Street, where a total of 25,730
square feet is dedicated primarily to continuing education classes. Additional classes
are taught at more than 100 sites across the county, including schools, recreation
centers, fire departments, community buildings, churches and businesses.

737

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College

Ashe\ille, N.C.

For four decades, Asheville-Buncombe Technical Community College (A-B Tech)
has educated citizens for jobs in western North Carolina. In 1988, A-B Tech expanded j
its mission to add college transfer programs. Originally funded by a bond election, j
the mountain college was initially administered by the Asheville City Board of;
Education, with control passing to a local board of trustees in 1963. j

A-B Tech first offered pre-emplo)Tnent training in machine shop, practical nursing i
education and electronics along with job-related short courses. The first Associate \
in Applied Science degree was awarded m August, 1964. In early years, Asheville- 1
Buncombe Technical Community College served the vocational/technical education '
needs of 15 western North Carolina counties. Four units were established m outlying '■
areas and administered by A-B Tech. These units gradually established independent ;
status and became institutions in the N.C. Community College System. j

Located in Asheville, formerly rated a No. 1 city by the Places Rated Almanac, \
A-B Tech serves Buncombe and Madison counties, with a combined population ,
exceeding 200,000. Outdoor lovers enjoy the diversity offered by mountain living, i
Skiing IS a popular sport and fishing, hiking and backpacking dominate the outdoor ;
scene in summer. Visitors attracted by the scenic mountain splendor make the travel '
and tourism industry the second-largest employer in Buncombe County. Asheville, !
also top-rated as a premier retirement community, serves as a regional health center
and a retail shopping area. Over the years. Buncombe County has provided the i
necessary space for industrial development, while Madison County remains more
dependent upon agricultural pursuits. i

Starting with a 20-acre tract and $300,000 for site development and two
buildings, Ashe\dlle-Buncombe Technical Community College today is located on
approximately 144 acres and occupies 21 buildings. A satellite campus opened in
Madison County m January, 1990.

Beaufort County Community College

Washington, N.C.

Beaufort County Community College began as an industrial education center ■
and branch of Lenoir County Technical Institute. Later it operated as a branch of
Pitt Technical Institute. The institution gained independence as Beaufort County ;
Technical Institute m 1967. ,

Housed temporarily in an abandoned prison camp and various rented facilities,
the institution began work on a 68-acre campus in 1968, the same year it graduated :
38 students from four vocational programs. The school became a community college ;
in 1979, although college transfer courses had been offered in cooperation with .
East Carolina University for many years. '

738

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

Seven permanent buildings are located on the campus on U.S. Route 264,
approximately four miles east of Washington in historic eastern North Carolina.
U.S. Routes 264 and 17, the main trafhc arteries in the area, faciUtate transportation
to the institution for persons in Beaufort, Hyde, Tyrrell and Washington counties.
Each building on Beaufort County Community Colleges campus contains classroom
space and special-purpose laboratory space. Building 1 contains administrative offices
and data processing laboratories. Building 2 houses business-subject laboratories,
cosmetology, auto mechanics and electrical electronics laboratories. Building 3
includes the nursing arts laboratories. Building 4 contains the machine shop, drafting,
power mechanics, diesel and welding laboratories. Building 5, the learning resources
center, which includes a student lounge, snack bar, library, learning laboratory and
a large multi-use area. Building 8 contains Continuing Education Division offices,
classrooms, shops and a small lecture auditorium. Building 9 houses student services
offices, a distance learning facifity, science labs and a student lounge.

Bladen Community College

I Dublin, N.C.

' Bladen Community College was established as Bladen Technical Institute in
1967. The school was initially located in a composite of rented buildings in
Elizabethtown. The old Johnson Cotton Company property on Highway 701 was

I secured and became the location for administrative offices as well as for educational
course offerings. Space for a welding shop and student service area was provided
by leasing the Marks Tractor building next to the Johnson Cotton Company
building. Business, secretarial and nursing programs were housed in the old

; Elizabethtown Baptist Church.

! The college began operation on a full-scale basis in September, 1968. Curriculum
' programs were offered in cosmetology, executive secretarial science, business
• administration, industrial engineering and agricultural engineering technologies,
. industrial maintenance, automotive mechanics and nursing assistant. Extension and
' other part-time adult programs were started during the evenings to complement
; day programs.

' The first phase of construction for a permanent campus near Dublin began in
the spring of 1970. The college moved to its permanent 25-acre campus in July,

1971. Two buildings totaling 27,000 square feet were included in the initial building
phase and housed administrative offices, classrooms, laboratories, shops, a student
lounge and Hbrary A small shop was built as an MDTA welding class project in

1972. Nine acres were added to the campus that same year and an additional 11
,i acres in 1973. A combination shop/classroom building containing 10,500 square
I feet was completed in the summer of 1973 and was occupied at the beginning of
I the 1973 fall quarter. A 3,600 square-foot storage shed, constructed as a class project,
Iwas completed early in 1974.

739

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

ConsirucUon oi a mulU-purpose building, an administrative building and a

learning resources center was begun in the summer of 1975. The Learning Resources

Center and the Administrative Building were completed m April, 1976, and the j

Multi-Purpose Building was completed in July, 1976. A carpentry laboratory was |

completed in 1978, while two additional shop buildings were completed in 1980. |

The Louis F. Parker High Technology Center opened in 1988. '

j
A satellite campus was started in the Kelly community in 1975 when the Bladen •

County Board ol Education deeded the Natmore school property to the college, i

The 5.25-acre site included two buildings with a combined gross square footage of

7,170. In 1985, a 4,000 square-foot building was completed at the Kelly campus, j

Soon after the college was established, plans were formulated to attain!
accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The college was '■
initially granted "correspondent" status and in 1973 earned "candidate for |
accreditation" status. Full accreditation was attained m 1976 and was re-affirmed in j
1982. Following a comprehensive self-study, Bladen Community Colleges academic i
accreditation was re-affirmed again m 1992. :

Bladen Community College offers post-secondary curricula in the areas of :
vocational, technical and general education. Instruction is also offered m a variety '
of continuing education programs and courses. The college is dedicated to the I
open-door policy and to meeting the educational and cultural needs of the people |
of Bladen and surrounding counties. '•

Blue Ridge Community College

Flat Rock, N.C. i

In 1963, The N.C. General Assembly authorized a system of comprehensive
community colleges and technical institutes to be established m areas of the state
where a dehnite need for such an institution was shown. On the basis of this need ;
and through the combined efiorts of interested citizens oi Henderson County, the
college was established as Henderson County Technical Institute in May of 1969.
At that time, the citizens of Henderson County approved a bond issue and a special
tax levy which provided funds for the construction, operation and maintenance of
a physical plant for the school.

The colleges local board of trustees took the oath ol oftice on September 9,
1969. The institution began operation on December 1, 1969, with the hrst course
offered on January 8, 1970. The tirst full-time curriculum classes began on
September 14, 1970. On October 12, 1970, the board of trustees voted to change
the colleges name to Blue Ridge Technical Institute. On July 9, 1979, they voted to j
change the name of Blue Ridge Technical College and, on September 14, 1987, they i
approved the name of Blue Ridge Community College. '

740

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

The college occupies facilities on a 109-acre campus located on College Drive,
which connects Airport and Allen Road, two and a half miles southeast of
Hendersonville in Henderson County. An 11 -building complex provides more than
213,444 square feet of floor space divided into shop and laboratory space,
classrooms, library learning center, ofhce and reception space and student lounge
areas. The colleges new AlUed Health/Human Services Building opened in 1997.

I The Transylvania Center houses curriculum and continuing education classes.

I Renovations to this facility were completed in 1988 and the Transylvania Center

1 moved to Brevard in 1997.

Brunswick Community College

j Supply, N.C.

I Brunswick Community College, the youngest of North CaroUna's community
' colleges, serves students with sites m Supply, Leland and Southport. A state-of-the-
\ art community auditorium on the main campus in Supply accommodates 1,500
; people for concerts, dramatic performances and community events.

Brunswick Community College offers curriculum and continuing education

I classes to suit almost every schedule. Students can attend classes during the day,

evenings or even on Saturdays to meet their education goals. More than 20 curriculum

\ programs and numerous continuing education/extension classes are open to any

|j adult student.

The faculty and staff at Brunswick Community College realized that a "one size
fits all" approach does not apply to students. Through a flexible series of courses,

, called developmental studies, opportunities are made for all students to strengthen
their basic educational background. Both individually-programmed instruction and

; teaching m small groups assist students in overcoming their educational dehciencies.

I Both basic educational and GED (high school equivalency certificate) studies are

I offered at a variety of times and locations throughout the county.

Programs at Brunswick Community College include business administration,
information systems technology, ofhce systems technology, information systems/
programming, turfgrass management technology, electronic engineering technology,
real estate and basic law enforcement training. BCC offers the states only two-year
aquaculture technology program. Students can also select programs in automotive
systems technology, cosmetology, manicuring/nail technology, cosmetology
instruction, manicuring instruction, air conditioning, heating and refrigeration
technology and welding technology Students seeking to pursue a four-year bachelors
degree can take their first two years of study at Brunswick Community College in
the college transfer program, which awards both Associate in Science and Associate
in Arts degrees. These courses are also transferable to most other four-year North
Carolina and out-of-state colleges and universities. Students interested in health
careers can select from BCCs practical nursing and nursing assistant programs. The

741

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 j

college offers several consoriium programs with other community colleges. Programs j
offered on the BCC campus include health information technology and phlebotomy j
Students in the dental assistant, film and video production, medical assistant and j
medical laboratory programs begin their studies at BCC, then continue them at|
another college. !

Through the colleges continuing education courses, students can learn basic;
skills, provide enrichment or gain practical knowledge. Offered in various locations, |
the classes range Ironi outboard motor repair to cabinet-making to welding. These \
courses prox'ide an excellent way tor a person to preview an interest area. I

Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute

Lenoii, N.C. i

Caldwell Technical Institute was established April 2, 1964, and permanent,
facilities were occupied in September, 1967. In 1970 the N.C. General Assembly I
authorized Caldwell Technical Institute to offer college transfer courses and the '
institutions name became Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute
(CCC & Tl). " i

Located in the foothills of western North Carolina, CCC & Tls Caldwell !
Campus rests on a 98-acre tract of land in Hudson. Accessible to the population '
centers of Lenoir, Granite Falls and Hickory, the Caldwell Campus is located on !
Highway 321. In 1989 the college purchased the former Fairfield Chair Company
showroom. The school opened the new J.E. Broyhill Civic Center on the 13.3-acre '
site m 1993. The civic center is located 2.5 miles north of the Caldwell Campus
and features a 1,000-seat, state-of-the-art proscenium performance theater, three
conference rooms and a Corporate Computer Training Center.

In 1973 CCC & Tl established a Watauga Division in Boone, operating for
years at numerous locations throughout the county In 1988 the General Assembly
authorized $100,000 for the design of the colleges first permanent facility m Watauga
County. Later that same year, Watauga County Commissioners purchased a 39-acre
site west of Boone on the 105/421 Bypass which became the the institutions Watauga
Campus m 1998.

The states hrst Career Center opened in the fall of 1999 on the Caldwell Campus
of CCC & Tl. A cooperative venture between the public school system, CCC & TI
and over 50 local employers, the Career Center benefits the county with focused
and cooperative resources for skilled trade and technical occupations. Areas of
specialized training include building trades technology, business technology,
furniture technology and industrial maintenance. Participants include students from

742

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

all three local high schools during the day, while CCC & Tl students utilize the
facilities in the evening.

The colleges service area includes over 100,000 people in Caldwell and Watauga

counties. A variety of industries form the basis of the local economy — hosiery,

paper, metals manufacturing and tourism. Since its establishment caldwell

! Community College and Technical Institute has enjoyed constant community

i support and encouragement. The institution has grown to include over 50

! occupational and college transfer programs in addition to a variety of adult basic

education, corporate and continuing education courses.

In May 1999, CCC & TI accepted the gift of the Broyhill home in Lenoir. The
58 year-old estate consists of 34 rooms encompassing approximately 8,000 square
I feet, in addition to its extensive grounds and Olympic-sized swimming pool.

Cape Fear Community College

\Wilmington, N.C.

I Cape Fear Community College began in 1959 as the Wilmington Industrial
Education Center and adopted the name Cape Fear Technical Institute in 1964. On
January 1, 1988, Cape Fear Technical Institute became Cape Fear Community
[College. From its modest beginnings with an enrollment of only several hundred
1 students, CFCC now serves more than 24,000 adults annually in a wide range of
I courses at its mam campus in Wilmington and at two satellite campuses in Burgaw
I and Hampstead. These three campuses, as well as many off-campus locations, serve
both New Hanover and Pender counties.

CFCCs main campus is located in dovmtown Wilmington. The campus extends
between North Second Street and the Cape Fear River, where the college maintains
jits dock, a training vessel and various boats used to train students enrolled m
i marine courses. The main campus consists of a four-story administration/lab/shop
building, a seven-story structure adjacent to the administration building that houses
classrooms, library, labs, shops, a student activity area, cafeteria, bookstore and
lecture auditorium. Additional buildings on campus house a variety of technical
and vocational programs.

State and local bond referendums approved by voters in 1993 and 1994 have
provided more than $21 million for expansion of facihties at Cape Fear Community
College. The colleges main campus doubled in size by the end of 1998 with more
classrooms and laboratories provided at the colleges Burgaw and Hampstead
campuses. The new facilities provide space for the expansion of the colleges curricula
and the addition of many new programs within the next five years.

743

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Carteret Community College

Morehcad City, N.C.

Since 1963 Caricrcl Community College has been helping students prepare for
a changing worklorcc. Located in Morehead City along Bogue Sound, the college!
today serves more than 7,000 curriculum and contmumg education students. i

First authorized as the Carteret County Unit of the Goldsboro Industrial'
Education Center, ihc unit operated for three years until it was re-designated asj
Carteret Techirical Insliuue under a contract with the Carteret County Board of
Education. In 1979 [he board of trustees officially changed the name to Carteret!
Technical College, which remained in effect for about ten years. In 1989 the board!
changed the institutions name to Carteret Community College, which was affirmed'
by the Carteret County Board of Commissioners. I

Carteret Community College offers a lull range of associate degree, diplomas j
and certificate programs in various vocational and technical areas. It also offers |
Associate in Arts and Associate in Science degrees as part of the college transfer \
progranr. In recent years the college has changed its programming to keep pace j
v/ith shifts in the job market and technology While the college still offers traditional j
vocational/techmcal-type programs, more of todays students are learning the new ■
technology of computer-related systems including digital imaging, web design and [
administration and a variety of ofhce systems technology courses. Several new'
programs were recently added to the list of curriculum programs, including:
therapeutic massage, healthcare management technology and internet technologies. '

In the summer of 2000, the new Center for Marine Sciences and Technology
opened on the Carteret Community College Campus. The new CMAST faciUty is a
partnership between North Carolina State University, Sea Grant and Carteret
Community College. It will enable the college to expand its Associate in Science
program using state-ol-the-art laboratory and computer facilities. The college is ,
also considering development of a coastal and marine technologies program in the ,
years ahead.

Catawba Valley Community College \

Hickoiy, N.C. \

Catawba Valley Community College (CVCC) opened its doors m 1960 as one ;
of the original North Carolina industrial education centers. In 1988, the college '
was made a comprehensive community college, offering academic programs that i
transfer to four-year colleges and universities in addition to the occupational/technical
programs which, by this date, ranged from automation/robotics to allied health ■'
curricula to special-interest continuing education courses.

744

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

In the 1998-99 term, CVCC enrolled 5,542 students in 63 curriculum programs
and more than 15,000 students in continuing education classes. The campus is
located on U.S. Highways 70/321 in Hickory in Catawba County. The campus
covers 120 acres and its 13 buildings contain 370,000 square feet of space. This
includes the colleges most recent property acquisition, the East Campus with its
100,000 square-foot building. The college currently uses about 65,000 square feet
' for a variety of programs, including a child care center, continuing education
I classrooms and ofhces, Small Business Center, Furniture Technology Center, Hoisery
Technology Center, Environmental Education Center and JobLink Center. The East
Campus also houses the Bobby Isaacs Motorsports Technology Program, which
prepares students for jobs in the automotive racing industry.

Central Carolina Community College

Sanford, N.C.

One of the original Industrial Education Centers, Central Carolina Community
College (CCCC) began awarding associate degrees in 1965, the same year the
institutions name became Central Carolina Technical Institute. The name was
changed to the current one in 1988.

CCCC offers more than 50 curriculum programs and serves more than 16,000
[students annually in both the curriculum and continuing education divisions. The
|i college has full-service campuses in Chatham, Harnett and Lee counties. The main
[campus is located in Sanford in Lee County on a 41 -acre site. Other locations
I include the new Chatham County Campus in Pittsboro, located on 43 acres off
iU.S. 64; the Harnett County Campus in Lillington, located on ten acres off U.S.
|421; the Siler City Center in Siler City; and the N.C. School of Telecommunications
jlocated in Sanford.

The libraries of all three county campuses include more than 50,480 books; 65
magazines, newspapers and journals; 27 CD-ROM databases; and 5,525
jaudiovisuals. Central Carolina Community College has historically emphasized
technical education. It has led the state in developing innovative programs m
broadcasting, paralegal, laser and photonics, motorcycle mechanics, telephony,
quality assurance, dialysis technology and veterinary medical technology. CCCC
also offers a variety of courses in business, technical, health sciences and human
services fields, as well as college transfer courses. CCCC operates a small business
center with ofhces in Sanford, Pittsboro and Dunn, It also administers the Dennis
,A. Wicker Civic Center in Sanford.

745

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Central Piedmont Community College

Charlotte, N.C.

Central Piedmont Community College (CPCC) has become a vital economic
engine for Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. CPCC is an innovative and
comprehensive two-year college with a mission to advance life-long learning of
adults consistent with their needs, interests and abilities and to strengthen the
economic, social and cultural life m the Charlotte-Mecklenburg region of North
Carolina.

In 19Ci3 Mecklenburg College and the Central Industrial Education Center
merged to form Central Piedmont Community College. Its visionaries believed
accessibility was an essential ingredient to effectively ser\'e the people of the Piedmont.
CPCC is an open-door institution that promotes inclusion and diversity It remains
academically financially and geographically accessible to all citizens of Mecklenburg
Countv.

Central Piedmont is a dynamic and vibrant place. The college serves
approximately 70,000 students each year. This number is growing and enrollment
IS projected to reach 105,000 by 2005. CPCC is expanding from a single location
near the center-city to a network of campuses strategically located throughout the
county Classes are currently offered at the Central Campus near downtown Charlotte,
the City View Center on the citys west side, the Corporate Training Center across
from the Charlotte Coliseum, the North Campus in Huntersville, the South Campus
in Matthews and the Southwest Campus at Hebron and Nations Ford roads. Two
other campuses are planned: the West Campus near Charlotte Douglas International
Airport and the Northeast Campus m the UNC-Charlotte area.

CPCC offers 44 major degree programs along with a commitment to a
comprehensive community development, literacy outreach and expanding
international services. The college has an extensive array of corporate and continuing
education offerings. It provides programs and services specially designed to meet
training needs and re-trainmg need of business and industry and other area
organizations. Individual career goals for the general adult population are also met
through community continuing education offerings.

Expanding higher education opportunities to populations previously under-
served was a founding principle of the community college movement. The
community college open-door policy mandated basic skills programs for under-
prepared students. Adult basic education programs provide basic literary instruction
and functional living skills. Adult high school and GED programs assist students
in completing high school.

CPCC intends to become a national leader in workforce development. The
college community envisions a future for this growing metropolitan area where
there is a strong sense of community and life is rewarding - a future built on full

746

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

participation and success of all citizens and the best possible use of human, financial
and natural resources. For more information call (704) 330-CPCC or visit the
college's web site at www.cpcc.cc.nc.us.

Cleveland Community College

'8 Shelby, N.C.

Public higher education came to Cleveland County in 1965 with the
establishment of the Cleveland County Industrial and Adult Education Center. This
satellite of Gaston College was renamed in a matter of months to the Cleveland
County Industrial Center and then later to the Cleveland County Unit of Gaston
College. In October, 1967, the institution officially became Cleveland County
Technical Institute (CCTl). CCTl moved from the rented North Morgan Street
location and the borrowed classrooms of churches, schools, banks and other available
spaces into the old county home buildings in 1969. That site, 137 South Post
Road, serv'es as the location of todays modern facilities.

In 1971, the Cleveland County Commission granted land and $500,000 to be
matched with a state grant of the same amount. This money was used for the
construction of a new building to house vocational and occupational programs.
The building opened in 1974. In 1975, Cleveland County Technical Institute was
accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

The voters of Cleveland County demonstrated great confidence in the future of
the college with the approval of a $5 million bond issue on June 7, 1977. Those
monies were used for the construction of additional classrooms and shops. The
Campus Center was completed in 1981. A field house was completed in July, 1987,
and the Student Activities Center was completed in February, 1989. The James
Broughton Petty Amphitheater was completed in 1991.

The Cleveland County Board of Commissioners approved the request of the
Cleveland County Technical Institute Board of Trustees to change the name of the
institution to Cleveland Technical College in March, 1980. This action was in
recognition of the quafity and caliber of the colleges programs. In July, 1987,
Cleveland Technical College was authorized by the state legislature to become
Cleveland Community College. This name change signaled the addition of the two-
year college transfer programs, making Cleveland a comprehensive community
college with technical, vocational, college transfer and continuing education
programs.

747

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Coastal Carolina Community College

Jacksonville, N.C.

One of the original industrial education centers, Coastal Carolina Community
College (CCCC) began in 1970 m an abandoned prison with an enrollment of 325
extension students and one full-time employee. CCCC now has an enrollment of
nearly 3,500 curriculum students in industrial technology, business technology!
and college transfer programs and an enrollment of over 15,000 in its continuing!
education program. The college currently has 230 full-time employees. j

The campus is located in Jacksonville, an All-America City, and serves all ofj

Onslow County s population of more than 140,000. Onslow County is also home'

to the U.S. Marine Corps' Camp Lejeune and New River Air Station. The area is

noted for freshwater fishing and its pristine beaches. The Coastal Carolina'

Community College campus has 98 acres and 13 buildings and operates a skillsj

center that trains personnel for new and expanding industries. i

College of the Albemarle I

Elizabeth City, N.C. \

College of the Albemarle CCOA) was initially chartered under the Community|
College Act of 1957 and was issued a new charter on July 1, 1963, pursuant to the^
Community College Act of 1963. In September, 1961, five instructors conducted
the colleges hrst classes for 182 students m a renovated hospital. The college now
ser\'es degree-seeking students m 27 programs ranging from traditional liberal arts
to vocational programs such as cosmetology, nursing and auto mechanics to new
programs such as microcomputer systems technology and paralegal technology
More than 5,000 people enroll annually m adult education, occupational training
or other extension programs. The area served by COA is noted for agriculture,
small business, developing industry, tourism on the Outer Banks and the worlds!
largest U.S. Coast Guard Aviation Technical Training Center. ,

College of the Albemarles mam campus is located m Elizabeth City in
Pasquotank County and is the center of the colleges seven-county service area —
the largest service area in the community college system. Satellite campuses arej
located in Dare and Chowan counties. The colleges 60-acre mam campus borders'
the Pasquotank River. Five major buildings on this campus include a Community:
and Small Business Center which features a stage and a 1,000-seat auditorium^
available for community use, as well as a new Technology Center. i

748

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

The colleges Dare County campus, located on Russell Twiford Road in Manteo,
provides facilities to offer associate degree, diploma and continuing education
programs at a location more convenient to Outer Banks residents. The colleges
Chowan County center opened in 1992 in Edenton Village Shopping Center on
iU.S. 17 Business in Edenton. The renovated site houses classrooms, offices, a
seminar room, a JobLink Center and a student lounge for students enrolled m both
curriculum and continuing education programs.

Craven Community College

I New Bern, N.C.

The campus of Craven Community College (CCC) is located in Nevv^ Bern off

I South Glenburnie Road. The institution serves Craven County, which has a current

;:population of 87,300. Long-range development plans include a permanent facility

in Havelock. This faciUty will accommodate the current satellite campus, the Institute

!: for Aeronautical Technology and a library.

The facilities on the main campus include seven permanent buildings and seven
: temporary modular units. Included in these buildings is a 286-seat auditorium that
iihouses numerous college and community activities. Outdoor physical education
^facilities include tennis courts and soccer helds.

j The current facilities housing the satellite campus in Havelock are rental units
which accommodate programs for cosmetology, data processing and other business
[programs along with a learning lab, all of which are located in East Plaza Professional
{Center on Highway 70 in Havelock. Office space and a testing center are located in
^Building 4335 of Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station. The Havelock satelhte

jCampus uses public high school and middle school buildings for evening classes.

pavidson County Community College

^Lexington, N.C.

Davidson County Community College was initially chartered in 1958 as an
Industrial Education Center (lEC). Like other industrial education centers chartered
in the 1950s and consohdated under the Community College Act of 1963, this
center was designed to equip adults with the skills needed to move from an
agricultural to a manufacturing-based economy. When the Sinclair Building opened
on a 22-acre site in 1963, the Davidson County lEC enrolled 125 students in
vocational and technical programs and 51 students in adult education and service
programs. In 1965 the institution was chartered as Davidson County Community
College (DCCC). The Associate in Arts and Associate in Science degrees were added
to the existing Associate in Applied Science degree, diploma and certificate offerings.

The Davidson campus has grown to 1 1 buildings and two emergency services
training facilities on approximately 97 acres. The Davie campus opened in 1994

749

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

and currenil)- has two buildings and an emergency semces training facility on 58
acres with additional facilities planned. The college currently serves more than 17,000
students annually through its two campuses. DCCC primarily ser\'es Davidson and
Davie counties, but also plays a significant role in the development of the Piedmont
Triad region.

Durham Technical Institute |

Durham, N.C. \

A charter member of the N.C. Community College System, Durham Technical;
Community College was established m 1961 as one of the states hrst Industrial]
Education Centers. Subscc[uent name changes — to Durham Technical Institute in ,
1965 and to Durham Technical Community College m 1986 — reflect the colleges i
expanding educational mission. For almost 40 years, Durham Tech has opened ;
doors to employment and higher education for thousands of North Carolina citizens. I
The college presently senses 20,000 students at 100 locations m Durham and Orange >
counties. As Durham Tech enters a new millennium of providing "training for the ■
Triangle," it envisions continued growth m programs, services and facilities. i

Durham Techs mission includes providing post-secondary, entry-level'
occupational training; re-traimng and skills improvement for the local work force; !
opportunities for adult high school completion, vocational advancement and personal j
growth; two years of studies m the liberal arts and sciences for students seeking a
B.A. or B.S. degree; and employee and customized training for business and industry ,
The college offers 55 programs, degrees, diplomas and certificate options in credit.
Durham Tech offers North Carolmas only associate degree training m opticianry ;
clinical trials research and dental laboratory technology.

Durham Techs mam campus is adjacent to the Research Triangle Park, while
satellite centers in neighboring areas serve residents Irom Durham and Orange'
counties and throughout the Triangle area. The colleges Northern Durham Center, '
opened m 1993, is located near two major industrial parks m the northern part of
Durham County and is easily accessible to residents of Orange County The college
also now offers classes at the Orange County Skills Development Center located on
Franklin Street in Chapel Hill. i

750

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

Edgecombe Community College

Tarboro, N.C.

Edgecombe Community College (ECC) began as an extension of Wilson

Technical Community College in 1967 and in 1968 came under complete

Edgecombe County administration, thus dissolving the relationship with Wilson

County Technical Institute. The hnal step to full institutional independence came

jin the spring of 1971 when the General Assembly made all technical institutes in

i] North Carolina independent of any local boards of education and granted them

government by a 12-member board of trustees. Later, in 1972, the college added a

j satellite campus m Rocky Mount.

ECC offers programs m approximately 30 curriculum areas. These include
J college-transfer associate degrees (A. A. and A.S.), as well as courses in business/

computer, industrial and a wide variety of alUed health areas. With ECC's move to
I a semester system in the fall of 1997, even more class credits are transferrable to

four-year colleges and universities.

ECC's Continuing Education program provides area residents with a wide range
of literacy classes, as well as training seminars for local businesses and industries.

[Classes in Total Quahty Management and Internet applications are very popular
choices. The college offers in-plant training and classes to meet a variety of special

meeds.

The college offers local business and industry a variety of opportunities through
jits Small Business Center. It also offers the REAL — Rural Entrepreneurship through
: Action Learning - program. REAL offers students the opportunity to research, plan,
'set up and operate their own businesses in conjunction with the college.

; ECC's Tarboro campus includes six buildings with a total of 103,255 square
I feet on a 104-acre lot. The main building contains a 500-seat auditorium, student
I lounge and classrooms. The college's most recent addition is a 7,200 square-foot
maintenance/shop building completed in 1993. The Rocky Mount campus includes
a 60,000 square-foot classroom building, a 3,283 square-foot cosmetology building
and a 20,000 square-foot post office building.

Through a wide selection of programs and classes, ECC strives to improve
both the quality of Ufe and the economic outlook of its students and area residents.
ECC is equipping its students with the basic, real-Ufe technical and practical skills
that will allow them to excel in their careers, homes and communities.

751

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Fayetteville Technical Community College

Fayettevillc, N.C.

Fayelteville Technical Community College originated in 1961 as the Fayette\ille
Area Industrial Education Center and became Fayetteville Technical Institute in 1963. j
It was not until 1988 thai it became known as Fayetteville Technical Community j
College. Fayetteville Tech is a public, two-year comprehensive community college i
serving Fayetteville and Cumberland County The college offers 34 Associate ini
Applied Science degrees, 16 diploma programs, eight certihcate programs, am
Associate in Ceneral Education degree and Associate m Arts and Associate in Science;
degrees. I

Serving about 42,000 students annually — approximately 12,000 in curriculum'
programs and 30,000 in non-credit continuing education courses — the college;
ranks as the third-largest community college m the state. Forty-seven percent of the!
students enrolled in curriculum programs are minorities and 56 percent of the'
students are female. j

The college works closely with local and state employers to produce well- j
trained graduates ready to take their place m the work force. Fayetteville Tech also!
sen'es a large military population from nearby Fort Bragg and Pope Air Force Base. ■

The 111.6-acre main campus has a physical plant ot more than 611,751 square,
feet. Continuing education classes are offered at a campus annex location and at
sites throughout the community. Offices and classes are also located at Fort Bragg. '

Forsyth Technical Community College

Winston-Salem, N.C. \

Forsyth Technical Community College (FTCC) was established m 1959 as an
Industrial Education Center, part of the Wmston-Salem/Forsyth County SchooF
System. In 1963, the lEC became part of the North Carolina Community College
System as Forsyth Technical Institute. Approximately 150 students enrolled in^
curriculum programs and 500 enrolled m continuing education programs.

Since 1963, the institution has undergone many changes. The name changed in;
1985 to Forsyth Technical College and to Forsyth Technical Community College;
m 1987 with the addition of a college transfer program. Besides the college transfer;:
program, FTCC currently offers 42 associate degree programs, 24 diploma programs;
and 24 certificate programs. These curriculum programs serve an average of 5,5001
students each semester, while corporate and continuing education courses serve \
8,000 to 10,000 students each semester. ,

The mam campus is located at 2100 Silas Creek Parkway. Corporate andj
continuing education administrators and some adult education programs are located '
at the West Campus, 1300 Bolton Street. A Fourth Street Downtown Center and a|

752

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

Fifth Street Library Center opened in 1996 to provide more accessible training for
business and industry. The Grady P. Swisher Center in Kernersville and the Mazie S.
Woodruff Center in northeast Winston-Salem opened in 1998. A Stokes County
office opened in Walnut Cove m the fall of 1999.

Gaston College

Dallas, N.C.

Gaston College was granted a charter by the State of North Carolina m 1963
lunder the provisions of the 1957 Community College Act and operated under the
'direction of the North Carolina Board of Higher Education. The college began classes
in temporary headquarters at a local church in September of 1964. On July 1,
11965, Gaston College merged with Gaston Technical Institute and the Gastonia
Industrial Education Center and was chartered on that date by the State Board of
Education. On January 1, 1981, the college began operating under the newly-formed
iNorth Carolina State Board of Community Colleges as a two-year comprehensive
I college.

From Its humble beginnings m 1963, Gaston College has grown into one of
the largest community colleges in North Carolina. Its present annual unduplicated
headcount for both curriculum and extension totals more than 19,000 students.
The main campus, dedicated in 1981, is situated on 177 acres between Dallas and
^Gastonia on Highway 321, just off Interstate 85. A satellite campus located in
Lincolnton serves the citizens of Lincoln County The addition of the Morris Library
{in 1996 brought the number of permanent buildings to a total of 12.

Gaston College continues to expand through new facilities and innovative
projects. Through the efforts of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and
iAppalachian State University, baccalaureate and masters-level courses are also being
'offered by the University Center at Gaston College as a convenience for area citizens.
'a new science building and an expanded Lincoln campus are part of the college's
]new master plan.

Through the years, Gaston College has grown, not only m size but in stature,
ito become a strong force within Gaston and Lincoln counties. The college
continuously works to reinforce its commitment to the success of its students, as
jwell as its strong desire to serve the surrounding communities to the fullest.

Guilford Technical Community College

Jamestown, N.C.

Guilford Technical Community College (GTCC) has entered its 39th year of
service to the residents of Guilford County. From a former sanitarium site in
Jamestown, it has emerged as an educational complex ranking fourth in size among
the states community colleges. Founded in 1958 as an Industrial Education Center,

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

the msliuuion began wiih two courses and 50 students housed in one building. B-
the end ol the 1958-59 academic year, 11 full-time and 10 part-time instructor
were teaching 593 students in six vocational courses.

In 1965, Guilford Industrial Education Center became Guilford Technicaj
Institute (GTl). The institution received state approval to grant the Associate iii
Applied Science degree. To more effectively serve students, GTI requested the additioi:
ot a college translcr program in 1983. This request was granted v^ath an effectiv(j
date identified m the next fiscal year with GTI being named Guilford Technical
Community College. During 1998-99, the institution served students m more thar;
60 programs. Nearly 10,000 people enrolled m credit programs. More than 25,00(1
enrolled in continuing education and extension courses. j

The main campus of Guilford Technical Community College is located on ar'
85-acre wooded tract off Interstate 85 South Business at the eastern edge o
Jamestown. It is ideally situated withm easy commuting distance of Greensboro}
High Point and surrounding areas of Guilford County In addition to the campus asi
Jamestown, GTCC operates other locations m Greensboro and fiigh Point and x
the Piedmont Triad International Airport. Greensboro centers are located at 501 W
Washington Street and 400 W. Whittington Street m downtown Greensboro. The!
GTCC Small Business Center is located at 2007 Yance)^alle Street m Greensboro i
The High Point Center is located at 901 S. Main Street. GTCC aviation program^j
occupy the GTCC-T.G. Davis Aviation Center at the Piedmont Triad Internationa'/
Airport. i

Part-time teaching centers for the institutions short-term, non-credit continuing
education program are established whenever the need arises. The courses are offered;
in schools, community centers, churches, housing projects and libraries throughout:
Guilford County. GTCC operations are primarily housed m 19 buildings on the
Jamestown mam campus. Having recently completed a new Public Safety Buildingi
and the Joseph S. Koury Hospitality Management Center, the college has begun'
construction of a 14-acre Fire Science Demonstration Facility and Public Safety'
Driving Track which will be located on the Jamestown campus.

Halifax Community College i

Weldon, N.C. \

Halifax Community College (HCC), chartered m 1967 as Halifax County!
Technical Institute, began functioning in February, 1968. Since its beginning at the
Halifax County Civil Defense Building m Halifax with an enrollment of 1 5 curriculum
students in only two programs, HCC has grown dramatically and today serves
more than 2,500 students in more than 33 program areas, as well as 6,200 other

754

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

Students through continuing education programs. With the establishment of a two-
year college transfer program, the name HaHfax Community College became effective
in July of 1976.

The campus is located on a 109-acre site on N.C. Highway 158 in Weldon,
less than a mile east of Interstate 95. The colleges service area includes all of HaUfax
County and portions of Northampton and Warren counties. HCCs physical plant
•currently contains approximately 175,000 square feet of floor space.

Demographics classify HCCs service area as prunarily rural with agriculture as

a strong influence. Halifax Community College serves a population of more than

141,218 mdividuals 18 years of age and older. In recent years, several large industries

jhave moved into the area to join a large textile industry and a paper company in

(varying the economic base.

I Scenic attractions m the area include Lake Gaston, a 20,000-acre freshwater
Hake ideal for hshmg and recreation; Historic Halifax, where the famous Halifax
•Resolves set in motion the march to freedom that culminated in the Declaration of
'Independence; and Medoc Mountain State Park, which provides 2,300 acres of
family enjoyment.

Halifax Community College's campus includes six major buildings. The

^administrative building houses classrooms, offices, computer laboratories, a 150-

) seat auditorium and a distance learning center. The library provides study and research

'networking through CCLINC, the state library automation center, and also maintains

ithe Learning Assistance Center, providing academic, technical and instructional

S support for students, faculty and staff. The Continuing Education Center houses

ithe Small Business Center, vocational shops and bays for industrial training,

Iclassrooms, offices and a large multi-purpose auditorium. The Student/Nursing

jEducation Center is headquarters for one-stop student admissions, including

Ifinancial assistance, counseling, the JobLink Career SateUitew Center, a bookstore,

*a student lounge and classrooms for nursing education. A state-of-the-art, 25,000

isquare-foot Science/Literacy Education Center houses classrooms, laboratories and

offices for science education and medical laboratory technology, as well as Hteracy

education. The college recently completed construction of a 16,000 square-foot

child care/classroom building to meet its growing needs.

Haywood Community College

Clyde, N.C.

Haywood Community College (HCC) began operation in August, 1965, as
Haywood Industrial Education Center with one curriculum program and 15 students.
! Today, HCC is a fully-accredited community college offering 34 curriculum programs
in a wide range of career options to 1,000. In addition to curriculum programs, the
college schedules a large number of classes through its Continuing Education

755

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Division, including adult basic education, occupational extension and arts and crafts
classes.

Located near Clyde, the campus includes a 47,000 square-foot Student Center,
the Regional High Technology Center with its state-of-the-art equipment, thei
Cosmetology Building, a luUy-operational saw mill and other modern, well-equipped|
educational facilities. The campus also contains the Raymand Fowler Teaching Forest,'
a 320-acre tract of land characterized by widely-dispersed rhododendron, wildflowersj
and fern habitats amidst diverse timber. The land is used as an educational foresti
lor fiCC students enrolled in agricultural/l^iological programs. Most facilities arCj
located on the beautiful 83-acre campus, acquired m 1972 through a generous)
donation by local industrialist A.L. Freedlander and individual contributions from!
Haywood County residents and the local governing boards. Taking its stewardship,
of this land as a special trust, the college has maintained an impressive beautificationj
and landscaping program on campus trom the beginning. j

HCC takes pride m its history and reputation of marked service to the community j
to the region and to the students who enroll there. With this soUd base on which to!
build, the college strives to be alive to the present and alert to the future as it constantly
seeks to update, improve and adapt its programs and services to the educational
needs of the people. ;

Isothermal Community College I

Spindale, N.C. ■

Isothermal Community College is a comprehensive, two-year institution
providing appropriate, economical and convenient learning opportunities for the;
people of Rutherford and Polk counties and surrounding areas. The college provides:
college classes m applied sciences and technology, arts and sciences and business
sciences leading to certihcates, diplomas and associate degrees. In addition, Isothermal
offers continuing education classes, small business programs, customized training'
and development, cultural activities and enrichment opportunities.

In the fall of 1998, 1,882 students enrolled in curriculum classes and 182'
graduated m 1998-99 with certificates, diplomas and two-year degrees. The
institution is accredited to award associate degrees by the Commission on Colleges'
of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. The college continuing
education program enrolled 12,640 students in 1999. The literact program awarded;
77 Adult High School diplomas and 157 GEDs m 1997-98. >

Isothermal Community Colleges 132-acre mam campus is located at 286 ICC I
Loop Rd. on U.S. Highway 74-A Bypass m Spindale. The campus features an 11- 1
acre lake Imogene and 15 buildings, including the Foundation: A Center for Learning j

756

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

and the Arts, which opened in 1999. The college library, which contains 37,823
t volumes, serx^ed 37,700 users (many repeat users) in 1998-99. An 11-acre satellite
! campus m Polk County features a beautiful, state-of-the-art faciUty opened in early

1989 - and expanded m 1999 — in Columbus, just a short drive from the main

campus.

Chartered October 1, 1964, by the State Board of Education and named

Isothermal Community College on November 23, 1964, because of its location in

1 the Isothermal Belt, the college is an open-door institution that has committed to

] becoming a learning-centered institution. This carefully-considered change builds

upon strong values of the core of the college while propelling it forward to better

meet the unique and changing needs of its students.

James Sprunt Community College

Kenansville, N.C.

James Sprunt Community College originated m 1960 as the Duplin County

Unit of the Goldsboro Industrial Education Center. In 1964, the institution was

named James Sprunt Institute in honor of Dr. James Sprunt, a celebrated Ci\al War

■ chaplain and an educator who was headmaster of an earlier school named after him

m 1845.

Students choose from one and two-year degree programs, ranging from welding

and advertising and graphic design to nursing and college transfer. James Sprunt

Community College is located in southeastern North CaroUna in historic Kenansville,

; the county seat of Duplin County DupUn County is known as the leading producer

\ of agricultural products in the state and was the hrst community college east of the

Mississippi to offer a program in Swine Management Technology. The institution

;has a 53-acre campus with five buildings that house administrative offices,

: classrooms, laboratories, industrial shops and a 300-seat auditorium. The newest

'building on campus, completed in 1998, features a new 11,000 square-foot library.

.Johnston Community College

\SmithJield,N.C.

In September, 1969, Johnston Community College QCC) at that time Johnston
County Technical Institute) offered its first occupational and adult educational courses
at the former Forest Hill High School located on U.S. Highway 301 South near the
town of Four Oaks. The hrst night a total of 659 adults enrolled in 29 classes.
During 1998-99, the college served 4,000 students m 39 curriculum programs
ranging from medical sonography to truck driver training.

In the fall of 1976, the college moved to its present campus located near the
center of Johnston County at the intersection of Interstate 95 and U.S. Highway 70,
just east of Smithheld (population: 10,706). Smithheld, chartered in 1777, is a

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

major eastern North Carolina tobacco market. In August, 1987, the name of the
institution was ofTicially changed h^om Johnston Technical College to Johnston
Community College.

Johnston Community College has a 134-acre campus with 11 buildings. In
mid- 1989, construction was completed on a new Learning Resource Center and
the 1,000-seat Paul A. Johnston Auditorium, to be used by the college and the
community. Construction of the auditorium was made possible through
contributions from a county-wide fundraising campaign. First known as the Johnston
Community College Arts and Learning Center, the facility was formally dedicated
on August 20, 1989, the colleges 20th anniversary. In 1995, the colleges trustees
voted to change the name to the John L. Tart Arts and Learning Center in honor of
the colleges first president and his inspiration m the development of the facility

Also m 1995, Johnston County College Trustee Rudolph Howell donated over,
2,500 acres of woodlands located m Bentonville Township to the college. Designated
the Rudolph Howell and Son Environmental Learning and Conference Center, the
area is being developed into a community-based educational resource. Construction
was completed in early 1998 on a facility which houses a classroom, staff offices
and meeting area. Construction of a pond and walking trails are scheduled as funds
allow.

Johnston County Community Colleges Cleveland campus offered its first classes
in May, 1996. This JCC branch campus features modern classrooms and a state-of-
the-art computer lab, in addition to a community meeting hall. The facility makes
educational opportunities more accessible to the fast-growing populace of western
Johnston County Classes are offered according to community needs.

Also m 1996, a group of JCC and Cooperative Extension personnel, local nurser)'
owners, landscapers, arbonsts and other interested persons met to pursue the idea
ot developing an arboretum for the Johnston County community A site was chosen
on the Johnston Community College campus just off U.S. 70 East Business.
Construction was completed in late 1999 on a facility that will house potting rooms,
a classroom/meeting room and staff/storage areas. Construction will continue as
funds allow.

Construction was completed in early 1998 on a new Allied Health and Science
Building and classes were held m the facility lor the ftrst time m the fall of 1999.
The 37,000 square-foot structure houses the colleges nursing, radiography, medical
sonography and early childhood programs. A preschool facility sewmg students,
faculty, staff and the public, when space permits, neighbors the Early Childhood
classroom.

In August, 1998, Dr. John Tart retired after 29 years of outstanding service as
president of the college. Dr. Donald L. Reichard, formerly president of James Sprunt
Community College in Kenansville, was selected to lead Johnston County into the

758

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

! new millennium. In August, 1999, Johnston Community College celebrated 30
' years of educational excellence.

Lenoir Community College

Kinston, N.C.

Lenoir Community College (LCC) is a thriving, educational community of
approximately 195 full-time employees, more than 400 part-time employees,
approximately 2,000 students in curriculum programs and more than 10,000 in
continuing education. Celebrating more than 40 years of building futures, LCC
was chartered in 1958 as one of the original Industrial Education Centers. The
college soon became a focal point for development of other institutions in a six-
, county area. As one of the original colleges in the states community college system,
, LCC continues building on its past and the idea that education is a lifelong process.
LCC stands for excellence and achievement. Its graduates have distinguished
themselves in many academic and professional fields.

Situated on an 86-acre campus in Kinston, the college serves people in Lenoir,
Jones and Greene counties. Centers are located in Snow Hill (Greene County) and
Trenton Qones County), La Grange and at the Kinston Regional Jetport. LCC also
offers educational programs at Eastern Correctionall Institution in Maury.

The faculty, staff and administration have a strong sense of mission to train the
workforce of Lenoir, Jones and Greene counties. Students are the focus of LCC.
The college has committed itself by purpose, resources and a caring faculty and
staff to provide quality instruction for many personal and career needs. This is
.evidenced by the variety of degree, diploma, certificate and continuing education
programs, in addition to basic education, business and industry support for
^community service programs. LCC offers 50 programs leading to associate degrees,
diplomas and certificates. LCC is challenged to assume an increasingly active role
in promoting the economic development and quahty of life in the communities it
jserves and the surrounding areas.

jMartin Community College

Williamston, N.C.

Martin Community College was initially authorized as a technical institute by

|the General Assembly in 1967. Under a contractual agreement with the Martin County

Board of Education, extension courses were first offered during the summer of

1968 and curriculum programs were added in the fall of 1969. The original institute

was housed in an old public school facility in Everetts.

Following a successful countywide election in June, 1969, the college obtained
lindependent status and was subsequently granted community college status in June

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

1975. The name of the inslilution was otticially changed to Martm Community
College in 1976.

In 1971, the main campus was moved to a 65-acre tract at the intersection of
Kehukee Park Road and U.S. Highway 64, one mile west of Williamston. The
initial instructional btiildings of the new campus were completed in May, 1971.
The campus complex includes eight buildings housing 210,295 square feet. The
campus physical plant includes instructional and laboratoiy tacilities, an auditorium,:
bookstore, cafeteria, vocational shops, child care center, Information Highway'
Auditorium and the Martin Arena Ec[uine Facility The Learning Resources Center
houses more than 30,250 \'olumes, a print shop and genealogy/local histoiy area -
as well as a special collection of North Carolina materials. Martin Community'
College serves three counties from the mam campus m Williamston and branch
campuses m Windsor CBertie County), Plymouth and Roper (Washington County).^

Mayland Community College

Spruce Pine, N.C.

Mayland Technical Institute (MTl) was approved by the 1971 session of thej
General Assembly of North Carolina upon the recommendation of the N.C. Board
of Education, the Advisory Budget Commission and the governor. MTl begani
operation m September, 1971, m the board room of Northw^estern Bank in Sprucej
Pine. The institution was formally renamed Mayland Technical College m December,'
1979, and Mayland Community College in 1988. )

MCC is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina on the
Avery/Mitchell County line near the town of Spruce Pine. It is chartered to serve
Mitchell, Avery and Yancey counties (hence the name, ''May'landl The college has
a 41 -acre campus with eight buildings, including a vocational laboratory, auto
body repair shop, welding shop, public safety building, student commons/learning,
resource center, administration building and the Phillips-Gwaltney Child;'
Development Center. Opened m the spring of 1997, the Samuel L. Phillips Center
for Business and Technology features modern computer labs and classrooms, a
250-seat auditorium and an electronic classroom connected to the N.C. Information
Highway for distance education. The college operates two satellite campuses in,'
Avery and Yancey counties.

From September, 1971, to August, 1972, Mayland Community College offered
courses in continuing education only In the fall quarter of 1972, 80 students enrolled
m four curriculum programs. By the fall semester of 1999, 828 students were'
enrolled m 24 curriculum programs. MCC currently offers adult basic education
(ABE) courses and testing for the general education development (GED) diploma.
In 1995-96, a total of 1,063 students were enrolled in ABE/GED courses.

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N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

McDowellTechnical Community College

Marion, N.C.

McDowell Technical Community College (MTCC) was established in 1964 as
the Marion-McDowell Industrial Education Center. The center, located in downtown
Marion at the comer of State and South Garden streets, operated as a satellite unit of
Asheville-Buncombe Technical Institute.

In 1967, the school became an independent unit of the Department of
Community Colleges. A board of trustees was sworn in, giving the college local
autonomy As enrollment at the college grew, space problems became more pressing.
Finally, in 1970, the college moved to its present permanent facilities on a 31 -acre
site at the intersection of Interstate 40 and U.S. Highway 226 in Marion.

The college became McDowell Technical Institute in 1971 when the N.C. General
Assembly officially chartered it as an independent institution. In 1975, the college
added 39,322 square feet to the existing campus. Expansion included a 500-seat
.imphitheater. Learning Resource Center, 223-seat teaching auditorium, permanent
administration offices, a campus bookstore, classrooms and an expanded student
commons area. In 1979, the N.C. General Assembly enacted a bill to change
McDowell Technical Institute's name to McDowell Technical College.

Robert M. Boggs succeeded John A. Price as President in 1984, becoming the
jolleges second chief administrator. The college undertook a major county bond
:ampaign for the addition of new facilities. A 32,000 square-foot Industrial Skills
Center houses special industrial skills training and class/lab areas. The Day Care/
Classroom Building houses a day-care area for children of MTCC students,
■jontinuing education classrooms and offices, a teaching auditorium and faculty
■:iffices.

1| In 1988 the school changed its name to McDowell Technical Community
College. During that same year, the MTCC Small Business Center was funded and
established to provide educational opportunities and financial assistance to small
Susinesses in McDowell County. In 1989 the college began offering continuing
:ducation classes in the MTCC Downtown Center. The Downtovvm Center currently
)ffers students a wide range of educational opportunities, includmg adult basic
■ducation, tutoring, English as a second language, S.A.T. preparation, foreign
anguage studies and literacy training. More than a dozen nationahties are represented
■>y the students who study at the Downtown Center.

The MTCC Career Center was established in 1988, providing students with
nformation and help m choosing careers. A series of computerized personaUty and
ptitude tests are given to students who are unsure of career decisions. The Career
enter staff administers to students with learning disabiUties and physical handicaps
s well. The Career Center also supervises an innovative peer tutoring program in
vhich students are paid to tutor other students, to whom the service is free. In

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

1996, MCC equipped one classroom so that classes could be held on the North i
Carolina Information Highway. MTCC is currently offering a variety of classes and
meetings through this new interactive technology that allows participants to interact
through video and audio in real time with participants in other Information Highway
classrooms across the state. McDowell Technical Community College currently
enrolls approximately 1,000 students in curriculum programs each quarter and
approximately twice that number m continuing education programs.

Mitchell Community College

Slatesville,N.C.

The institution dates back to 1852 when the Presbytery of Concord decided to|
establish an educational institution in western North Carolina for females. A.
windstorm in 1855 destroyed the nearly-completed structure, but it was rebuilt!
and opened in 1856 with 122 students. An additional setback came m 1857 wherj
a measles epidemic forced the hrst year of operation to a premature close. i

Between 1871 and 1917, the name of the college changed three times: Simontor;
Female College (1871), Statesville Female College (1883) and Mitchell Collegej
(1917). Mitchell College produced its hrst Junior college graduate in 1924 anc!
became co-educational in 1932 when hve men enrolled. The Southern Associatiori
of Colleges and Schools granted accreditation in 1955 and, m 1959, the Mitchel,
College Foundation received the property deed from Concord Presbytery.

Through legislative action, Mitchell became the 57th community N.Ci
Community College System institution on July 1, 1973, and the only private
institution ever to be admitted to the North Carolina Community College System;
Equality of educational opportunities and active recruitment of minority student;
continues to be an important goal ot the institution.

Montgomery Technical College

Troy, N.C.

The N.C. Board of Education issued a charter to Montgomery Technical Instituti
on September 7, 1967. Eight members were appointed to the institutes board o
trustees. Administrative and teaching personnel were hired in November, 1967'
Extension classes began in 1967-68 and full-time curriculum students were acceptec
in August, 1968. The institution graduated its first students m June, 1969. Adul
basic education and adult high school diploma programs began m October, 1968
In June, 1968, Montgomery Technical Institute occupied temporary space in
building on Page Street in Troy The N.C. Board of Education chartered the schoc,
as a technical institution in 1971. Four more members were appointed to the boan,
of trustees by the Governor of North Carolina according to state law in Decembei
1971.

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N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

In October, 1975, voters in Montgomery County approved a bond issue
authorizing the construction of a new campus of 64,000 square-feet on a 149-acre
tract. Montgomery Technical Institute became Montgomery Technical College in
January, 1983, and Montgomery Community College in 1987.

The colleges campus, nestled in the Uwharrie Mountains near the geographic

center of the state, now totals 118,000 square-feet of space on 153 acres of land.

The campus houses a wide variety of continuing education programs, in addition

to a full range of associate degree, diploma and certificate options, incuding both

,i Associate in Arts and Associate in Science college transfer degrees.

Nash Community College

Rocky Mount, N.C.

Nash Community College was founded in 1967 and is a public, two-year post-
secondary educational institution with an open-door admissions policy. Its mission
IS to provide adults in the Nash County service area with quahty and convenient
learning opportunities consistent with identified student and community needs.
Almost 12,000 citizens from the Nash/Rocky Mount area enrolled in Nash
Community College during the 1998-99 school year.

The college is located on 77 acres midway between Nashville and Rocky Mount,

less than a mile off U.S. Highway 64 Bypass and Interstate 95. While its primary

M service area is Nash County, its location enables enrollment of students from the

vl surrounding counties of Franklin, Wake, Wilson and Halifax. Seven modern

■ ibuildings, including a new 48,000 square-foot business and industry center and a

.., ichild development center, comprise the spacious campus.

As a comprehensive community college, Nash Community College offers over
;30 academic programs, many of which lead to a degree, diploma or certificate.
-Included are two-year technical and college transfer programs that give students the
'knowledge and expertise required for challenging careers or successful transfers to
|lour-year colleges or universities. Vocational, occupational and business and industry
programs prepare students for jobs and produce a skilled work force for the area.
|ln addition, a wide range of literacy and community service programs are available
'to meet the diverse needs of the citizens of Nash County and the surrounding area.

N.C. Center for Applied Textile Technology

Belmont, N.C.

The North Carohna Center for Applied Textile Technology was founded in

1941 by act of the N.C. General Assembly Thanks to the generous support of

Caston County's textile industry, the center opened on its 20-acre campus in Belmont

in 1943. Situated in the heart of the Southern textile industry, the center offered

instruction within three departments. As industrial technology grew, the center kept

.pace with expanded facilities, updated equipment and additional programs of

instruction.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

At present, a total of seven departments offer instruction m all aspects of textile
science, utilizing spacious classrooms and well-equipped laboratories. Each of these
laboratories boasts a selection of full-scale production machinery^ rivaling that of
any textile school in the nation. The center is governed by a board of trustees
composed ot nine members appointed by the governor and the president ot the
North Carolina Community College System. Since its inception, the N.C. Center
for Applied Textile Technology has endeavored to serve industry and those employed
by it. It has proudly provided more than 4,000 graduates with the skills needed to
improve their performance, both on the job and in their personal lives.

Pamlico Community College

Grantshoro, N.C.

Pamlico Technical College was originally established as a unit of the Lenoir
Industrial Education Center on July 1, 1962, then chartered as a technical institute
on July 1, 1971. The colleges name changed m July, 1979, to Pamlico Technical
College and to Pamlico Community College (PCC) in 1987.

In the beginning, there was only one full-time curriculum program and an
enrollment of approximately 200 in continuing education classes, which were held
in a one-classroom, one-lab building located at Pamlico County High School. For
the past several years, PCC has annually enrolled an average of 19 percent ot the
area population m either curriculum or continuing education programs.

The campus is located m a totally rural setting between Grantsboro and Arapahoe.
The area is noted for summer camps and sailing. Summer visitors tmd plenty of
access for water sports and hshmg. Pamlico Community College has a 44-acre
campus with a single 40,000 square-foot building constructed m 1976. The
institutions library houses 16,175 volumes.

Piedmont Community College

Roxboro, N.C.

Person County Technical Institute began operation on July 1, 1970. The name
of the institution changed to Piedmont Technical Institute in 1971. In November
of 1974, the voters ol Person County supported the institution by overwhelmingly
passing a $2.5 million bond issue for new facilities. On October 1, 1979, the
institution officially changed its name to Piedmont Technical College. Its 178-acre
campus is located in Roxboro (population; 30,180). A 15-acre satellite campus
serving Caswell County (population: 20,693) opened m 1987 and is located adjacent
to Bartlett Yancey High School in Yancey\'ille. The name of the institution changed
to Piedmont Community College effective January 1, 1988. Piedmont Community
College IS within easy driving distance of many major cities and historic and resort

764

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

areas. Area residents and tourists may enjoy picnicking, fishing, camping and water
sports at two major lakes.

The 108,400 square-foot Person County Campus includes 10 buildings. These
facilities include 44 lecture classrooms, 15 shops and labs, a library learning center,
campus center, counseling center, teaching auditorium, recreation laboratory and a
skills training center. The Management Development Center and Timberlake Art
Gallery were dedicated in 1987. A 1993 statewide Community College Bond Issue
provided funds for construction of a Classroom/Faculty Office Building on the
Person County Campus and an addition to the Caswell County Campus bringing
Its total space to approximately 26,300 square feet. The college has served Person
County since 1970 and Caswell County since 1985.

Pitt Community College

Greenville, N.C.

Pitt Community College (PCC) is a comprehensive, public two-year educational
institution serving adult citizens of Pitt County and is a member of the North Carohna
Community College System. The college provides high-quality programs and
services to enhance the economic and work force development of Pitt County. The
college strives to enable students to achieve their potential, contribute to the quality
of life of the community and engage in life-long learning.

Pitt Community College was chartered as an Industrial Education Center in
1961. It was designated a technical institute in 1964 and a community college in
1979. Ninety students enrolled in Pitt's six lEC programs m 1961. PCC currently
serves over 7,000 students in 56 curriculum programs and more than 9,000 students
in continuing education programs. PCC provides educational programs and ser\'ices
to one out of every six adults in Pitt County.

The college is located on 170 acres just south of the Greenville city limits. The
campus is well known for the Georgian architecture of its buildings and numerous
pine trees. The college has ten major buildings totalling 247,660 square-feet of
floor space. Planning is currently underway for a new student services building.

PCC offers technical and college transfer programs with associate degrees,
diplomas and certificates. During the past decade the college has developed a
specialization in allied health programs and currently offers more health and science
programs than any community college in eastern North Carolina. The college is
also recognized for its leadership role in distance education, with numerous classes
offered via the Internet and several classes offered via the N.C. Information Highway
with various sites throughout the state. The college is an active partner in the Pitt
County Tech Prep program and is the site for Pitt County's JobLink Center, a
countywide work force development service that integrates numerous human
resource agencies' services within one facility to provide one-stop career shopping.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Pitt Community College is the sixth largest community college in North Carolma.
It operates with excellent articulation with East Carolina University and Pitt County
Schools, as well as private schools. The college is an active partner m the economic
development of Pitt County and eastern North Carolina.

Randolph Community College

Ashehoro, N.C.

Randolph Community College (RCC) began operation in 1962 as Randolph
Industrial Education Center, a joint city-county industrial education center. The
college became a member of the N.C. Community College System m 1963 when
the North Carolina legislature established a separate system of community colleges.

Situated near the geographic center of North Carolina m Asheboro, Randolph
Community College is located at the McDowell Road Exit off U.S. 220 (future 1-73/
74) just south of the U.S. 64/N.C. 49 interchange. The college is only 26 miles
south of two interstate highways in Greensboro, making it accessible from all parts
of the state. The college draws from a population base of just over 19,000 in
Asheboro and 123,000 county-wide.

RCCs Asheboro campus currently contains nine major buildings and the college
is preparing to construct an Emergency Services Training Center located near the
Randolph County landfill. A satellite campus, located in Archdale, includes a primar)'
classroom building and metal shop/laborator)' building and ser\'es residents in the
fast-growing northwest corner of Randolph County

Randolph Community College currently offers 30 vocational and technical
degrees, including a college transfer program and a comprehensive continuing
education program. RCC is fully-accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the
Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Enrollment in the fall semester of
1999 reached 1,939 curriculum students and 4,505 continuing education students.

Richmond Community College

Hamlet, N.C.

Richmond Community College (RCC) was chartered m 1964 to provide
technical and vocational education opportunities to the citizens of Richmond and
Scotland counties. In 1987, RCC broadened its range of opportunities with the
addition of associate degrees that provided students the freshman and sophomore
curriculum for a four-year baccalaureate degree. Curriculum enrollment for the fall
quarter of 1995 neared 1,150 students. Continuing education enrollment exceeded
2,000 students. Both divisions offer day and night classes both on and off campus.

766

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

The 160-acre campus, located on U.S. Highway 74 in Hamlet, consists of five
buildings. The Hugh A. Lee, Janet Lindsay-Petris and John E. Forte buildings are
named in honor of three original RCC trustees. The Robert L. and Elizabeth S. Cole
Community Auditorium, dedicated in 1999, houses a 1,000-seat auditorium and
multi-purpose room capable of seating 300 for dinner or 500 for meetings. Additional
classrooms, labs and ofhces space are provided for nursing and continuing education
classes at the James Nursing Building in Hamlet, Scotland Center in Laurinburg
and the Rockingham Center in Rockingham.

RCCs focus on technology prepares the college to meet the needs of local
businesses and mdustry. Computers are integrated into every curriculum. Robots,
PLCs and optical scanners provide a mini-industrial setting for students in a variety
of curricula. These labs are also used for training industrial employees who need to
upgrade their skills. RCC is fully-accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges
and Schools and the N.C. Board of Nursing.

Roanoke-Chowan Connmunity College

Ahoskie, N.C.

Roanoke-Chowan Community College was established m 1967 to ser\^e all of
Hertford County and parts of Bertie and Northampton counties. Originally founded
as Roanoke-Chowan Technical Institute, the institutions name changed to Roanoke-
Chowan Technical College in 1981. The current name was adopted m 1987.

Located on a 41 -acre site outside the town of Ahoskie in Hertford County, the
original campus was a former state correctional facility. Seven existing prison
buildings were renovated for offices and classrooms, with a two-story wooden
building erected m 1969 to house additional classrooms and laboratory spaces for
cosmetology, business and architectural drafting programs. Of the original structures,
only the two-story remains and is in use today. Other modern campus buildings
mclude the Roberts H. Jernigan, Jr., Education Center, the Julian Pittman Freeman
Vocational Education Building, the John W. "Jack" Young, Jr., Center, and the Hugh
CauUie Freeland Industrial Technology Training Center. Designs for a new 32,500
square-foot classroom/student support center were approved in 1999 and occupancy
is expected in 2001 . Also on campus is a seven-acre arboretum/environmental science
outdoor laboratory that was designated as a Project WILD Education Site by the
N.C. Wildhfe Resources Commission in 1997.

From Its meager begmnmg in an old, abandoned prison compound with few
students, staff and offerings, the college grown signihcantly Approximately 25
curricular programs and a wide array of continuing education courses and programs
are now offered. Annual enrollment runs between 850 and 950 curricular students
and between 2,000 and 3,000 continuing education students. At the May, 1999,
graduation exercises, 120 college degrees were awarded along with 108 GEDs.

767

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Robeson Community College

LiunbcfUm, N.C.

The community college movement expanded into Robeson County with the
establishment of Robeson Technical Institute in 1965. The institute was located at
the Barker Ten-Mile Elementary School, seven miles north of Lumberton. Twenty
full-time curriculum students enrolled the first year. The college has gone through
two name changes since its beginning to its present name of Robeson Community
College (RCC) and it remains committed to sen'ing all sectors of the county and
surrounding area with \'ocational/technical and continuing education programs.

Three building phases, begun m 1972 and completed in 1996, made RCC a
194,047 square-foot faciUty now housing more than over $1.4 million in equipment
and 23 curriculum programs, as well as a variety of continuing education programs.

Southern Association of Colleges and Schools accreditation reaffirmation was
received in 1990 after two intense years of concentrated self-study Students, faculty,
staff and the 13-member board of trustees joined as a team m bringing the self-
study to its successful fruition.

RCCs commitment to its students and the citizenry of Robeson County was
seen with the excellent reports of various auditing agencies in the state, as well as
the enrollment of 2,340 curriculum students and 9,274 continuing education
students. There are 145 carefully-selected, full-time employees who nov.' ser\'e RCC,
almost 25 times as many as when the college hrst opened its doors m 1965. The
school employs 250 part-time personnel.

Rockingham Community College

Wentworth, N.C.

Rockingham Community College is many things to many people. Founded m
1963, the institution grew out of local residents' desire to have a two-year college
m the area. Voters approved a bond issue and supplementary tax lor construction
of the institution. For the past 37 years, the college has been a center for higher
education, cultural enrichment and life-long learning.

RCC offers a host of programs that include horticulture technology,
microcomputer systems technology, surgical technology, environmental science
technology, nursing and college transfer. Classes are also offered on a regular basis
through the colleges continuing education services. A small business center offers
free counseling to entrepreneurs.

Located in the heart of Rockingham County, Rockingham Community College
is centrally located between Machson, Mayodan, Stoneville, Eden and Reidsville.
The college sits on 274 acres surrounded by stately pines. The campus boasts 16
buildings, including a fully-automated library, gymnasium that houses a state-of-

768

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

the-art fitness center, the two-story Whitcomb Student Center, two vocational shop
buildings, a laboratory building, a two-story classroom building, and the two-
story Technical Laboratories Building, along with administration, maintenance and
instructional storage buildings. The latest addition to the campus is the Human
Services Building, completed m 1995.

Rowan-Cabarrus Community College

Salisbury, N.C.

Rowan-Cabarrus Community College (RCCC) opened its doors in 1963 as an
Industrial Education Center. In 1964, the center was designated Rowan Technical
Institute and the name was changed in 1979 to Rowan Technical College. In 1988,
the trustees of the college voted to change the name of the institution to Rowan-
Cabarrus Community College to more accurately reflect the comprehensive nature
of its programs and its service area.

The college has experienced considerable growth since 1963 and now enrolls
nearly 18,000 citizens annually. Today, Rowan-Cabarrus Community College
prepares individuals for careers in nearly 40 programs of study in business
technologies, health and public services and industrial and engineering technologies.
An associate degree liberal arts program is also available for those students who
intend to transfer to a four-year college or university.

RCCC's North Campus is located at the intersection of Jake Alexander Boulevard
and 1-85. The college also has a South Campus located in Cabarrus County at the
junction of 1-85, N.C. 73 and Trinity Church Road. The colleges physical plant
has expanded almost as rapidly as its curriculum. From a single building designed
especially for vocational-technical training, the colleges North Campus in Salisbury
now consists of seven educational buildings containing 215,000 square feet. The
South Campus in Cabarrus County consists of two buildings totaling 80,000 square
feet of building space.

Sampson Community College

Clinton, N.C.

Sampson Community College (SCO was established in 1965 as an extension
of Wayne Community College. From a small school with 10 students in the first
graduating class in 1967, the college has grown and expanded. Today, Sampson
Community College is housed on 55 acres in Clinton, the county seat.

Agriculture plays a major role in the economy of Clinton and Sampson County.
The county's agriculture is diversified with 67 commodities produced commercially.
Gross farm income in 1995 exceeded $496 million. Sampson County is the largest
swine producer in the world with poultry (mainly turkeys), vegetable crops, tobacco,
cotton and many other crops contributing significantly to this income.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Approximately 6,000 different citizens of this area will enroll in at least one
course at the college this year in literacy GED, technical, vocational, college transfer,
continuing education or business and industry programs. That's 12% of the county's
population, and more than 20% of the county's entire workforce. SCC is a
comprehensive community college and is the only post-secondary institution in
Sampson County In addition to the curriculum classes offered on campus, SCC
reaches all over Sampson County offering basic skills classes, business and industry
training, emergency medical services training and other continuing education classes. \

Sampson Community College celebrated its 30th birthday in 1997. i

Sandhills Community College I

Pinehurst, N.C. \

Sandhills Community College (SCC) was the first comprehensive community;
college established under the Community College Act of 1963. It was chartered onj
December 9 of that year and began classes m 1965 at nine locations scattered;
throughout downtown Southern Pmes. !

SCC IS located in southern Moore County and is situated almost equally between!
Southern Pmes, Pinehurst, Aberdeen and Carthage. The area is noted for peach!
production, golf courses and horse farms and is a quality retirement community i

Sandhills Community College has 11 major buildings, forming a core campusi
surrounded by long-leaf pmes. A 78,000-volume library, newly-occupied vocational
education building and an overall environment conducive to academic excellence i
grace the 180-acre campus.

South Piedmont Community College

Polkton, N.C.

On May 19, 1999, Governor James B. Hunt signed a bill creating North Carolina's
newest community college, one which would serve both Anson and Union counties.
The bill, which abolished Anson Community College to provide a charter lor the
new college, was passed unanimously by the N.C. Senate on April 28, 1999, and
with wide support in the N.C. House on May 10, 1999. The signing ceremony was
the culmination of an effort to provide Union County with ownership in a;
community college while continuing to serve Anson County. |i

On July 1, 1999, a new board of trustees took their oaths, hired Dr. Donald P'
Altieri, formerly president of Anson Community College, to ser\'e as president of^
the new institution. On August 3, 1999, with 441 different names submitted by
more than 800 entrants, the trustees chose South Piedmont Community College;
(SPCC) as the name for the new regional community college ser\ing both Anson-
and Union counties.

770

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

As a multi-campus, single-administration community college, SPCC operates

i campuses in both Anson and Union counties. The East Campus is located in

Ipolkton, the West Campus m Monroe. With an enrollment of about 1,750, South

Piedmont Community College places learning first and educational experiences are

provided for learners any way, any place, any time. Administrators at SPCC recognize

J the diversity of the student body and make sure instruction is offered m a variety of

session lengths and program delivery methods. The college's fast-track courses,

which pack a semesters class time into eight weeks of extended classes, are proving

popular. SPCC's Weekend College makes it possible for working adults to get a

college degree by attending classes on Saturdays and Sunday afternoons. SPCC also

offers a full schedule of evening courses to accommodate students who have families

and full-time jobs occupying their days.

I Distance learning offerings continue to grow and include telecourses, internet
courses and video cassette courses. Each of these methods of instructional delivery
'allows students to take classes at a time convenient for them. In an effort to foster
distance learning across the state, SPCCs president led one of four teams of
i community college personnel that worked to choose software and develop a delivery
system to make the North Carolina Community College Systems Common Virtual
Course Library a reality.

SPCC operates continuing education centers in Wadesboro and Monroe, the
county seats of Anson and Union counties respectively. Programs include
occupational education and industry services, personal interest courses, human
resource development and basic skills. SPCC administrators work hard to adapt to
a fast-growing and ever-changing service area. In addition to tailoring specialized
training programs for area industries, SPCC has responded to the enormous growth
in the Latino population by making English as a Second Language classes available
'to all who desire them. The college also maintains a strong presence in our area's
high schools, where a variety of college courses are being taught through the state's
jdual enrollment program for high school students.

Since Governor Hunt signed the bill creating South Piedmont Community
College, the school has made giant strides in establishing as the community college
|that will meet the educational needs of Anson and Union counties in the 2 P' Century.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Southeastern Community College

Whitcvillc, N.C.

In 1964, Southeastern Community College (SCO set up offices in the Powell
Building in Whiteville. The first curriculum classes were offered m September, 1965,
m a temporary location at Chadbourn High School. The college moved to its present
campus in 1967. Southeastern currently sewes more than 5,000 students annually
through its college transfer, technical, vocational, continuing education and adult
literacy programs. The college also provides customized training and other services
for business and industry, as well as educational and community programming on
local cable television channels and an annual performing arts series.

The campus is located m Columbus County at 4564 Chadbourn Highway
between Whiteville and Chadbourn in southeastern North Carolina and about 50
miles from the Carolina coast. The 100-acre campus now has 12 buildings, including
a new nursing and allied health building completed m 1996. A challenge course,
firing range, lighted tennis courts and baseball helds augment the classrooms and
offices. SCCs 50,300-volume library is available to the community as well as to the
institutions students, faculty and staff.

Columbus, a rural agricultural county, covers an area of 938 square miles and .
has a population of 51,037. The area is noted for its tobacco and strawberry
production, garment fabrication, food processing, chemical manufacturing, wood I

and wood products and yarn and textile manufacturing.

Southwestern Community College

Syha, N.C. '

Southwestern Community College was established m Sylva m 1964 as the
Jackson County Industrial Education Center when a class of masonry students
began construction of its vocational building. The center soon became a unit of.
Asheville-Buncombe Technical Institute and achieved independent status m the fall
of 1967. Since then the college has grown from a single building with four curriculum
courses to a modern campus with six buildings totalling 194,728 square feet. Today
Southwestern offers more than 30 curriculum programs ranging from traditional
vocational programs such as carpentry and cosmetology to programs m health '.
sciences, computers and commercial art. The college also has a comprehensive
continuing education division. In 1993, Southwestern was selected as the Western;
Region Criminal Justice Planning and Training Center to provide law enforcement
training to the westernmost counties.

The college operates three off-campus centers in Swam County, Macon County ,
and on the Qualla Boundary m Cherokee. The main campus m Sylva is located on
a 57-acre hillside on North Carolina Highway 116 between Webster and Sylva.'
The college is 50 miles southwest of Ashe\ille and 90 miles southeast of Knoxville, i
Tennessee.

772 i

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

With a service area that covers 1 ,534 square miles (30 percent larger than Rhode
Island) and a population base of just over 63,000, a large challenge facing the
college is the need to provide service area residents with educational and training
opportunities comparable to those available in much larger metropolitan areas. One
of the ways Southwestern is meeting this challenge is through collaboration with
its fellow community colleges. The Western Connection of Community Colleges is
a unique approach to regionalism in education among Southwestern, Tri-County
and Haywood community colleges.

Stanly Community College

Alhemarle, N.C.

' Chartered in 1971, Stanly Community College (SCO opened in temporary
headquarters on the old South Albemarle High School campus that same year. A
faculty of eight instructed classes in auto mechanics, air-conditioning and
refrigeration, secretarial science, industrial management, brick masonry and business.
In five months, the school grew from 31 students to almost 400 and discussions
began about the possible construction of a new campus.

Construction on the new campus began in 1974 and in October, 1975, the
Academic/Administration Building (now the Patterson Building) and the Vocational
Shop Building were completed. The latter structure has since undergone renovations
and now houses the colleges student rec room, cafeteria and bookstore. In the fall
of 1998, It was renamed the Webb Student Center in honor of Dr. H.T. Webb, a
long-time college trustee. The Kelley Building — named for Annie Ruth Kelley, first
chair of the college's board of trustees — opened in 1981. The college purchased
the 1960-era Industrial Training Center in 1981. This faciUty, renovated recently, is
now known as the Corporate and Professional Education Center. It presently houses
the colleges autobody, welding and industrial development programs, the Division
! of Corporate and Professional Education and the CTC Small Business Development
I Center.

j In 1987 a new two-story classroom /lab building was completed to house the
colleges extensive aUied health programs. The next building on campus to be built
jwas a much-needed library/classroom facility. Completed in early 1996, the 27,000
|square-foot building houses SCCs library and TV studio facilities on the hrst floor
|and seven classrooms and the colleges North Carolina Information Highway Center
on the second floor. These buildings now bear the names of two Albemarle residents
|who are long-time colleges supporters. The Allied Health Building was renamed
}the Eddins Building m honor of Dr. George E. Eddins, Jr. The Learning Resources
j Center/Classroom Building was named the Snyder Building in honor of Edward J.
j Snyder, Jr., former member of the board of trustees and former member of the
jNorth Carolina State Board of Community Colleges.

773

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The newest building on campus was linished in early 1999 and named the
Whitley Technology Center in honor of Elbert L. Whitney, Jr., a member of the
sec board of trustees since 1977 and chairman since 1983. This 10,000 square-
foot facility is home to six state-of-the-art computer labs that allow the college to
offer the latest technology courses and programs to SCC students.

Today the college represents a $10 million-plus investment by the citizens of
Stanly County. The college serves over 10,000 students annually in all types of
programs including associate degree, diploma, certificate, general education,
occupational training and adult literacy. Since its inception Stanly Community College
has served approximately 225,000 students. Dr. Michael Taylor, SCCs third
president, foresees much growth for the college during the 21' Century, especially
in the area of distance learning methods for delivering education to students. With
the tremendous growth m population m the western part ot Stanley County, the
need for post-secondary educational opportunities will increase and SCCs challenge
will be to create ways to make more courses and job training available to citizens all
throughout Stanly County, especially western Stanly County.

Surry Community College

Dobson, N.C. j

Receiving its charter in January, 1964, Surry Community College (SCC) wasj
one of the earliest members of the North Carolina Community College System.
Classes met during the hrst two years m rented and borrowed facilities. Funds toj
purchase the present campus site m the county seat of Dobson and to construct the j
first buildings came from a $500,000 bond issue and four-cent tax authorization
approved by Surry County voters m March, 1964. SCC moved to the new campus
m the spring of 1967.

The first programs offered were college parallel, business, secretarial, drafting,!
agriculture, electronics, adult basic education and high school completion. Various,
non-credit classes were also available. Some vocational programs were postponed
until new facilities were completed in 1967. SCC currently offers 43 programs and
options 111 the degree, diploma and certificate programs. j

The college serves Surry and Yadkin counties, with enrollment also from adjacenti
counties in North Carolina and neighboring Virginia. The area is noted for itsj
mountain music and agriculture, with a good mix of industry (textiles, apparel and
hosiery, plus granite products from the largest open-face quarry in the world). Mount
Airy is known for its Autumn Leaves Festival and is "Mayberry," home of Andy
Griffith. Surry also has the states only active historical farm, the turn-ot-the-century
Home Creek Farm, just south of Pilot Mountain State Park. Population centers in
the colleges service area, other than Mt. Airy, include Elkin, Pilot Mountain and
Dobson m Surry County and Yadkinvillc, Booneville and East Bend in Yadkin j
County. Major corporations operating m the two-county area include Unifi,

774 I

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

Weyerhaeuser, John S. Clark, Cross Creek Apparel, Spencers, Insteel Industries,
Renfro, CMl Industries, Wayne Farms, Candle Corporation of America, Sara Lee,
iHibco Plastics, Indera Mills and others, making for a favorable economic mix.

Surry Community Colleges 100-acre campus has 13 buildings valued at $19
million. A long-range campus plan projects nevv' faciUties into the 21st Century to
better serve the colleges constituency.

Tri-County Community College

Murphy, N.C.

Tri-County Community College began operations m November, 1964, as an
extension unit of Asheville-Buncombe Technical Institute. In 1967, the General
f Assembly approved a change of name to Tri-County Technical Institute, an individual
tunit of the North Carolina Department of Community Colleges. The legislature
'^approved a college transfer program in 1978 for what would now be named Tri-
iCounty Community College.

The campus of Tri-County Community College is situated on 75 beautiful
acres in the mountains of western North Carolina. The college serves Cherokee,
Clay and Graham counties. Currently, there are six vocational and 13 technical
programs of study offered at Tri-County Community College in addition to the
college transfer and continuing education programs.

Vance-Granville Community College

Henderson, N.C.

Vance-Granville Community College (VGCC) was chartered as Vance County
Technical Institute in 1969 and offered technical, vocational and continuing
ieducation courses to residents of Vance County in a renovated hospital building in
jdowntown Henderson. In 1972, Vance and Granville counties combined their
jresources to support a $2 million bond referendum to construct a single institution
Ifor the education of their citizens. The result was the 1976 opening of the new
Vance-Granville Community College campus on an 85-acre tract in Vance County,
equidistant between Henderson and Oxford.

With this location still serving as its main campus, VGCC has experienced
isignificant progress in its physical facilities and student enrollment over the years.
ilBecause of this phenomenal growth, the college's area was expanded in 1978 to
iserve not only Vance and Granville counties, but also Franklin and Warren counties.
Today, the main campus, with a lake and picturesque landscaping, has eight
permanent buildings, including a student services building, civic center and a new,
24,000 square-foot classroom/day care building completed in the fall of 1996.
|A.long with administrative and faculty offices, auditorium, student lounge and
learning resources center, these facilities provide more than 40 classrooms, nine

775

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

shops and iive labs in which students study and tram in 28 curnculuni programs
as well as extension, industry services and small business classes.

Vance-Granville also operates three satellite campuses: South Campus, located!
between Butncr and Creedmoor m Granville County; Warren County Campus ini
Warrenton; and Franklin County Campus in Louisburg. Situated on an 11-acrei
tract, South Campus is a smgle-story, semicircular structure housing classrooms, '
shops, offices and a reception area. An expansion completed in 1999 added additional i
classrooms and public services training facilities to the satellites. The Granville {
Count)' Library's South Branch occupies one section of the complex. Warren County i
Campus is located on the John Graham Middle School campus m three one-story I
buildings totalling more than 14,000 square feet. The campus boasts classrooms,;
an ABE/GED learning/testing center, labs, multi-purpose shop, reception area andj
offices. A new Franklin County Campus opened for fall semester classes in August,;
1998. The campus contains a 28,000 square-foot, two-story building withj
classrooms, labs, administrative and faculty offices and a child care center, along;
with a second, 7,000 square-foot building that houses vocational and shop studies.!

During 1998-99, the college ser\'ed more than 16,000 students — one out oil
eveiy seven eligible adults residing withm its service area. The region served by!
Vance-Granville Community College is primarily agrarian, but is becoming morei
industrialized as the area continues to attract a wide variety ot manufacturing firms,
and other types of businesses.

Wake Technical Community College

Raleigh, N.C.

Wake Technical Community College was chartered m 1958 as the Wake County
Industrial Education Center (lEO. It grew from an lEC to a technical institute and,
in 1987, was named Wake Technical Community College to better reflect its college-
level instruction. The institution began operation m 1963 at its present location
with 34 full-time students, plus an additional 270 students who were enrolled in
industrial training programs. Today, Wake Tech enrolls more than 12,000 curriculum
students each year. Approximately 33,000 more take continuing education courses
ior job upgrading or personal enhancement. Wake Tech otfers more than 700,
continuing education courses each Cjuarter.

Many of Wake Techs curriculum programs are taught on the main campus ■
situated m Wake County eight miles south of Raleigh. Health occupations programs ;
are taught at the colleges Health Sciences Campus on Holston Lane, adjacent to
Wake Medical Center, one of several facilities in the area where students receive
clinical experience. Combined, the mam campus and Health Sciences Campus consist

776

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

of 82 acres and have 17 permanent structures totalling 290,000 square feet of floor
space.

In August, 1993, the college opened the Wake Technical Community College
News and Observer Adult Education Center at 1920 Capital Boulevard in Raleigh.
This facility houses basic skill programs such as adult basic education, the adult
high school diploma program, English as a Second Language courses and GED
classes, as well as the Small Business Center. Credit classes are also taught at the
jcenter. In addition to classroom and laboratory instruction, students in many
programs receive hands-on experience in a business setting through a cooperative
leducation program.

Wayne Community College

Goldsboro, N.C.

j Wayne Community College (WCC) was established as Goldsboro Industrial
•Education Center on June 15, 1957. It became Wayne Technical Institute m 1964,
then Wayne Community College in 1967. During the early 1960s, three extension
units of Goldsboro lEC were established m Morehead City Kenansville and Clinton.
[These extensions later became Carteret, James Sprunt and Sampson community
tolleges.

During 1962-63 the college offered its first full-time courses in automotive
imechanics, electronics, drafting and practical nursing. There were 47 students and
kight faculty members. WCC currently serves approximately 9,000 students per
i>^ear in continuing and adult education classes and 3,500 students per year in 50
curriculum programs.

Wayne Community Colleges permanent campus is located north of Goldsboro
at 3000 Wayne Memorial Drive. A campus development project begun in 1986 has
Relocated all of the colleges operations to this site. WCC currently has more than
j300,000 square feet of classrooms, labs and offices furnished with modern
equipment on the 125-acre North Campus. A\aation programs are located at the
aoldsboro-Wayne Municipal Airport.

777

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Western Piedmont Community College

Morganton, N.C.

Western Piedmont Community College was chartered on April 2, 1964, as a
member of the North Carolina Community College System. The citizens of Burke
County had approved a bond referendum by an unprecedented margin of 17 to 1
in favor of funding such a facility. The college began operation in 1965 with a
variety of continuing education classes m local shops, churches and rented spaces.
During the following year, 14 curriculum programs enrolled more than 400 students
and construction began on a permanent campus at the intersection of h40 and U.S.
Highway 64 within the corporate Umits of Morganton, the county seat. Over 12,000
students now attend classes annually in more than 80 certificate, diploma and degree
programs.

The mam campus consists of 14 buildings on a 132-acre site. Phifer Learning
Resources Center contains a replica of U.S. Senator Sam J. Ervins home library. The
recently-completed Master Campus Plan seeks to double facility space during the
next decade. Extension classes are offered at the East Burke Center in Hildebrand,
Courthouse Square in Morganton and the Morganton/Burke Senior Center.

Manufacturing is diversified m Burke County with furniture, textiles, electronics,
graphite products, metal work and shoe manufacturers serving as local employers.
The major employer is the State of North Carolina with services at Broughton
Hospital, Western Carolina Center, Western Youth Institution and the N.C. School
for the Deaf.

Wilkes Community College

Wilkeshoro, N.C.

Established m 1965, Wilkes Community College (WCC) offers services to the
citizens of Wilkes, Ashe and Alleghany counties. The college provides opportunities
for higher education throughout northwest North Carolina m the beautiful Blue
Ridge Mountains.

The main campus is located in Wilkesboro on a wooded, beautifully-landscaped,
150-acre mam campus just off U.S. 421 and N.C. 268 West. Extension campuses
are located in West Jefferson and Sparta. The Wilkesboro campus includes more
than 297,000 square feet of classrooms, laboratories, shops and offices. Included
on the mam campus is the 1,131-seat John A. Walker Community Center. The
center provides a wide variety of cultural and entertainment performances throughout
the year. WCC also hosts the annual MerleFest, an Americana music festival held
during the last week of April.

778

N.C. COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM CHAPTER EIGHT

WilsonTechnical Community College

Wilson, N.C.

Established in 1958 as Wilson Industrial Education Center, Wilson Technical
Community College (WTCC) is one of the systems oldest institutions. The first
classes were held in 1958 in an annex at the local high school and moved later that
year to the present location on N.C. Highway 42 East in Wilson.

Through the years, Wilson Tech has grown and currently has 15 buildings
with 185,000 square feet, which house 44 classrooms or classroom/lab
combinations and 19 labs on the 40-acre main campus. Wilson Tech also has
satelHte locations for the Coastal Plains Law Enforcement Training Center, the hre
training grounds and two hea\y equipment training sites. The estimated value of
the buildings is more than $15 million. The library houses 33,284 volumes, 472
magazines, journals and newspapers and 6,500 audiovisual items.

Wilson Tech offers associate degrees, diplomas and certificates in 37 different
areas. It is the only school in the state to offer heavy equipment operator training
and students come from all over the East Coast for this program. The service area
for the college is Wilson County and Wilson Tech currently serves over 1 1 ,000
students annually - over 20% of the people in the service area.

779

PRIVATE COLLEGES'

Private Colleges and Universities

Private higher education in North Carohna traces its history to 1772 and the
founding of Salem College, one of the earliest colleges for women in the United
States. The second-oldest institution of higher education in the state, Louisburg
College, was first chartered in 1787. The decade of the 1830s witnessed a flourishing
of private colleges. Wake Forest University (1834), Davidson College and Guilford
College (1837), Duke University and Greensboro College (1838) were all founded
by private citizens determined to spread the benefits of higher education to the
people of the state. There were 20 present-day private colleges or their predecessors
serving North Carolina by 1877, when the second state-supported college was
established.

Today, North Carolina has 37 independently-controlled, liberal arts and research
colleges and universities accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and
Schools. These institutions, affiliated with 12 different religious denominations,
enroll over 60,000 students and confer nearly one-third of the bachelors degrees
awarded in the state each year. Private universities confer over half of the states
degrees in law and medicine.

From about the turn of the 20th Century until the early 1960s, enrollment was
fairly evenly distributed between the public and private sectors of higher education.
Anticipating the effects of inflation on private college tuitions and, in turn, their
enrollments. Governor Terry Sanford recommended in 1963 that the state assist
North Carolina students desiring to attend North Carolina's private colleges. This
recommendation was reiterated in 1968 by the Board of Higher Education, which
was concerned by the gradual but constant shift in enrollment away from private
colleges due to the tuition differential between the public and private sectors.

In 1968, the North Carolina Association of Independent Colleges and
Universities was organized to speak for and represent the interests of the private
colleges and institutions. The purpose of the organization, stated in its constitution,
is "to promote and advance the interests of higher education m North Carolina,
including both public and independent colleges and universities, with special
concern for the dual nature of the system, its quality, freedom and responsibility to
serve the educational and cultural needs of the state, nation, and world." Now called
North Carolina Independent Colleges & Universities (NCICU), the group works
closely with the state university system, community college system and the N.C.

AND UNIVERSITIES

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 1999-2000

Deparlmeni of Public Instruction and the N.C. Board of Education to address major
issues m education.

NCICUs board of directors is composed of the presidents of the member
institutions. A chairman and executive committee are elected from the board. The
president of NCICU is an ex-ofhcio member of the board and executive committee
and is the organizations chief executive officer.

Through the combined efforts North Carohna Independent Colleges &
Universities, concerned citizens and legislators, the hrst private college student
assistance programs were enacted by the General Assembly m 1971. The State
Contractual Scholarship Fund allocates $1,100 for each North Carolina student
based on full-time equivalent enrollment at an institution, from which scholarships
m varying amounts are awarded to needy North Carolinians. About 8,500 North
Carolina students are helped eveiy year through this program.

The State Contractual Scholarship was augmented m 1975 by the Legislative
Tuition Grant, which provides each North Carolina student with a hxed amount tc
be applied against his or her tuition, thereby reducing the gap between public anc
private tuitions. The Legislative Tuition Grant provided $1,800 for each of the
approximately 31,000 North Carolina undergraduate students who attended private
colleges and universities m 2001-2002.

In 1975, NCICU assumed a wide range of educational and research activities
and today provides a range of senace activities as an advocate for the institutions ir
the areas of student recruitment, teacher education, financial aid and research. NCICL
administers such programs as campus tours for counselors and cooperative librar)
purchasing. NCICU also provides staff development opportunities for mdependeni
constituent groups such as academic deans, admissions directors, directors o
de\'elopment and financial aid directors, as well as developing various publications

782

PRIVATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITES

CHAPTER NINE

Presidents of Private Colleges and Universities

Senior Colleges and Vniyersities

Dr. Sammie Potts
Dr. James B. Hemby
Dr. James Gearity
Dr. Charles R. Fuget

Dr. William Moncrief
Dr. Norman A. Wiggins
Dr. Robert E. Knott
Dr. Stanley G. Lott

Dr. Robert E Vogt
Dr. Nannerl O. Keohane
Dr. Leo M. Lambert
Dr. Christopher White

Dr. Craven E. Williams
Dr. Kent Chabotar
Dr. Jacob C. Martinson, Jr.
Dr. Dorothy C. Yancy

Dr. Earl J. Robinson
Dr. Ryan LaHurd
Dr. Burnett Joiner
Dr. Reginald Ponder

Dr. Dan Lunsford (Acting)
Dr. Maureen Hartford
Dr. M. Elton Hendricks
William W Hurt

Dr. John WiUiam Byrd
Dr. Ian D.C. Newbould
Laura Carpenter Bingham
Dr. Charles M. Ambrose

Dr. Pamela S. Lewis

Dr. William J. Loftus (Acting)

Dr. Dianne Suber

Dr. Julianne Still Thrift

Dr. Talbert O. Shaw
Dr. Thomas K. Hearn, Jr.
Dr. Douglas M. Orr, Jr.
Dr. Jerry E. McGee

Barber-Scotia College

Concord

Barton College

Wilson

Belmont Abbey College

Belmont

Bennett College

Greensboro

Brevard College

Brevard

Campbell University

Buies Creek

Catawba College

Salisbury

Chowan College

Murfreesboro

Davidson College

Davidson

Duke University

Durham

Elon University

Elon College

Gardner- Webb University

Boiling Springs

Greensboro College

Greensboro

Guilford College

Greensboro

High Point University

High Point

Johnston C. Smith University

Charlotte

Lees-McRae College

Banner Elk

Lenoir-Rhyne College

Hickory

Livingstone College

Salisbury

Louisburg College

Louisburg

Mars Hill College

Mars Hill

Meredith College

Raleigh

Methodist College

Fayetteville

Montreat College

Montreat

Mount Olive College

Mount Olive

N.C. Wesleyan College

Rocky Mount

Peace College

Raleigh

Pfeiffer University

Misenheimer

Queens College

Charlotte

St. Andrews Presbyterian College

Laurinburg

Saint Augustine's College

Raleigh

Salem College

Winston-Salem

Shaw University

Raleigh

Wake Forest University

Winston-Salem

Warren Wilson College

Swannanoa

Wingate University

Wingate

783

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 1999-2000

N.C Independent Colleges and Universities

Presidents of the Association

Virgil L. McBride
Dr. Cameron P. West
Senator John 1. 1 Icnicy
Dr. A Hope Williams

Chairs of the Association

Dr. Ralph Scales
Dr. Norman W. Wiggins
Dr. Arihur 1). Wenger
Dr. Samuel R. Spencer

Governor Terry SanKud
Dr. Fred B. Bentley
Dr. James Fred Young
Dr. John E. Weems

Dr. William R. Rogers
Dr. James B. Hemby
Dr. Julianne Still Thrift

Wake Forest University
Campbell University
Atlantic Christian College
Davidson College

Duke University
Mars Hill College
Elon University
Meredith College

Guilford College
Barton College
Salem College

1970-74
1974-79
1979-92
1992-Presem'

1969-71 I

1971-73 ;

1973-75 !

1975-77 j

1977-81 i
1981-83

1983-87 :

1987-91 !

1991-95

1995-99 '
1999-Presentl

784

PRIVATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITES CHAPTER NINE

785

NORTH CAROLINA

North Carolina Political Parties

2002 Democratic Party of North Carolina Platform

(As Adopted at the State Convention on June 8, 2002)

2002 PLATFORM

(As Adopted at the State Convention on June 8, 2002)

Preamble

As the oldest continuous political party in the world, the Democratic Party has
carried out its commitment to freedom, fairness, human rights, and responsible
government for over 200 years. We pledge to continue this tradition.

We take pride in our Democratic heritage as a party of spiritual and patriotic
values; a party of inclusiveness; a party of diversity; a party of compassion; a party
of educational and economic opportunities; a party of social justice; and a party of
responsible leadership.

This party shall provide an avenue for the free and open expression of diverse
ideas and opinions, and shall w^ork to promote government which is responsive to
the legitimate needs, interests, and aspirations of every man, woman, and child in a
manner which does not abrogate or usurp human dignity or those fundamental
rights, which are the birthright of all people of a free and democratic nation. We do
not believe that social convention is equivalent to morality nor that self-righteousness
is equivalent to religious faith. We believe in the right of every person to dissent.

We support the sanctity of the American family as the foundation upon which
our society and its social and political institutions must rest. With this in mind, we
offer a platform that secures the rights of our children, protects the integrity and
dignity of the elderly, and promotes the right of working men and women across
this state to compete freely and equally for economic advancement and self-fulfillment.

We, as North Carolina Democrats, believe in judicious stewardship of public
revenues and afhrm that a public office is a public trust. We believe in government
that is honest, and within which the needs of the people do not suffer as a result of
personal or political self-interest.

We believe that democracy cannot survive without education. We reaffirm our
state constitution, which states that knowledge is "necessary to good government"
and that "the means of education shall forever be encouraged." We believe that

POLITICAL PARTIES

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

adequate heallh care must be accessible to all and that homelessness, illiteracy, and
grindiiig pox'erty must be eradicated from every corner of our state. i

We strongly support the protection and preservation ot our environment.
Continued abuse of our ecological systems threatens the availability of our food
slocks, the existence o^ natural resources, and the survival of life itself. We must
support enactment and entorcement of sound environmental policies to avoid
jeopardizing the hopes of future generations.

We are committed to firm and effective law enforcement and to the swift and I
lair prosecution of those who engage in criminal activity. We especially commit i
ourselves to the elimination ot the sale, distribution, and use of illegal substances
that erode the very fabric of our society

We, as North Carolina Democrats, must seize this agenda, and must Mgilantly
defend our historic Democratic heritage. We cannot abdicate our historical role as
the party of action and the party of progress m this state. The lives and the livelihoods
of the people of this slate are our sacred trust. We must act decisively; we must act
swiftly; we must act together. The future of North Carolina must not be mortgaged ,
by complacency or entrusted to those who wish only to govern rather than to lead.

Agriculture

Farming is important to all North Carolinians, and we respect the contributions
made by farmers and agribusiness to our economy and our way of life. A sound
farm economy supports rural economic development, provides thousands of jobs
on and off the farm, and keeps food prices reasonably low for all of us.

We recognize that our agricultural economy is in a state of transition. We support
efforts that will aid our farmers m adjusting to these changes m a manner that will
allow them to continue to increase efficiency, productivity, and profitability

SUPPORT FOR FARMFRS AND FARM WORKERS: This party wishes to pledge
its support for tarmers and farm workers. We pledge our support for increased
agricultural research and education, and expanded government efforts lo develop
regional, statewide, and international markets for our farm products. We call on the '
federal government to take steps to keep good farmers-including small and
disadvantaged farmers-in lousiness.

TOBxA.CCO FARMERS: Growing, harvesting, selling, processing and
transporting tobacco has been a way of life for North Carolinians for generations.
Today, many North Carolinians are still dependent upon tobacco to generate income
and create jobs. This party wishes lo voice its support for the farmers and workers
of the tobacco industry and calls upon government to continue to provide transitional
support (such as job relraimng) for those individuals ad\'ersely affected by the |
societal changes impacting this industry.

POULTRY AND LIVESTOCK: We encourage farmers and regulatory agencies to
seek environmentally safe and economically viable means of animal waste disposal.
788 j

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

PROTECTION OF PRIME FARMLAND: We encourage state, local, and federal
governments to work together to prevent the conversion of prime farmland to urban
uses.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: We support the efforts of the North
Carolina Department of Agriculture to ensure clean air, clean water, and safe food.
We applaud the Departments efforts in these areas.

Families and Children

Our future as a state and nation depends upon the daily assumption of personal
responsibility by millions of Americans from all walks of life — for the religious
faiths they follow, the ethics they practice, the values they instill, the pride they take
in their work, and the families they build.

Governments do not raise children-people do. And people, both mothers and
fathers, who bring children into this world have a responsibility to care for those
children and teach them values, motivation, and discipline.

TEEN PREGNANCY: Children should not have children. To allow such, robs
the parent of his or her childhood and limits their future. Such circumstances have
the potential to be a drain on society's resources. We call for special efforts to reduce
the rate of teenage pregnancy in our state, through education and counseling programs
in our schools and by helping other agencies.

CHILD CARE: The large number of women in the work force, the increase in
single parent households, the need for both parents to hold down full-time
employment, and the benefit of allowing parents to pursue continuing education
have made child care an increasingly vital priority. State and business involvement
in child care is necessary to provide parents with greater flexibility in obtaining
child care options. Child care should provide a safe and stable environment for
children. We urge the continuous, vigorous enforcement of existing rules and
regulations related to the child care industry.

YOUTH: In recognition of the facts that parental and community responsibilities
sometimes go unfilled we support continual and constructive advocacy on behalf
of the children and youth in our state.

INFANT MORTALITY: We applaud the decrease in infant mortality to the lowest
level in the states history, but we must re-dedicate ourselves to even more action.
We support the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program and other efforts to
reduce infant death rates and low birth- weight babies. Teenage mothers are especially
prone to having problem pregnancies and underweight babies. We urge the General
Assembly to increase funding to programs to decrease infant mortality.

PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: The state should do its part to encourage healthy
constructive family relationships. Parents, both mothers and fathers, should be
responsible for nurturing their children. Governments can and should provide

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

incentives for such nurlunng and should aggressively inter\Tne in cases of child
abuse and neglect.

DEADBEAT PARENTS: We applaud efforts to improve efficiency with which
unpaid child support payments are collected and we support other reasonable efforts
to make sure that parents support their children.

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: A family that lives with constant abuse is doomed to
failure. We support family preservation programs to reduce child and spousal abuse
by providing preventive services and foster care to families m crisis. We realize that
abused spouses may need to remove themselves and their children from a violent
situation. We support family violence prevention efforts and shelter programs that
provide safe havens and transitional assistance for abused spouses and their children.
We affirm the public interest m supporting such efforts.

GUN SAFETY: We support efforts to increase safety in the handling and
ownership of firearms. Eurthermore, we a\'idly support strict enforcement oi the
Brady law.

Consumer Protection

The North Carolina Democratic Party urges government agencies to continue
their efforts to protect consumers and to promote confidence m a fair marketplace
that is free from price fixing, unfair restraints of trade, deception, fraud, and other
abuses of the free enterprise system.

INSURANCE RATES: We oppose unlair discrimination m either rates or access
for all forms of insurance and urge that all insurance companies requesting rate
increases be held to a substantial burden of proof. We encourage the Commissioner
of Insurance and the General Assembly to take action to guarantee that affordable
insurance will be widely available, while respecting claimants' rights to fair
compensation for mjuiy and loss.

LENDING: We encourage banks, sa\ings and loans, and other financial service
institutions to maintain high-quality ser\ice at a reasonable cost for all consumers.

We oppose predatory lending practices.

UTILITY RATES: The utility companies in North Carolina provide servaces of
vital importance to the public. Electricity, natural gas, telephone service, and water
should be available at reasonable rates. The changes m the utility mdustn,' resulting
from innovative technology and competition are significant developments that could
benefit all North Carolinians. We urge the agencies responsible for regulating utilities
to protect all consumers from unreasonable rates during these changing times.

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

SECURITIES REGULATION: We believe North Carolinians should be able to
have confidence in the safety of their securities investments. The North Carolina
Democratic Party urges the Secretary of State to continue to act to prevent securities
fraud. We urge companies to engage in fair business practices with appropriate and
honest public disclosure for stockholders.

Ci\il Justice

We believe that an efficient civil justice system is necessary to maintain a stable
business environment, to promote social order, and to protect individual rights.

ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION: We support continued efforts to
develop alternative methods of dispute resolution and applaud the successes of
court-ordered mediation and non-binding arbitration.

BUSINESS COURT: We support the business court, which is dedicated to the
resolution of complex high-stakes business disputes.

Crime

The North Carolina Democratic Party believes that every person should be safe
from crime. We also believe that crime is prevented not only through swift
punishment for lawbreakers, but also by rearing children in loving, stable families
that teach moral values and by having social, educational, and economic systems
that give our people a sense of hope and belonging.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: In granting to our government the power to take the
lives of individuals convicted of capital offenses, we have given it the most far-
reaching power that can be bestowed upon any government. For this reason, we
oppose efforts to bypass due process safeguards and efforts that assume in the
application of the ultimate power, our government can do no wrong. Neither a
victims nor a perpetrators race, sex or economic status should be a factor in
sentencing or execution in North Carolina.

VICTIMS' RIGHTS: We believe that the effect of crime on victims should be
considered in imposing punishment, that restitution should be required where
possible, and that appropriate services to victims should be available.

PRISONS: We support efforts to relieve prison overcrowding, including efforts
to fund additional faciUties and to find effective alternatives to incarceration.

PRISONERS: Inmates should work hard to earn their keep and learn the values
of hard work, respect, discipline, and teamwork. We support efforts to achieve that
goal, including making sure every able-bodied prisoner is participating in work or

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

education programs, learning a trade or getting a diploma, and to making sure
prisoners do not return to a lile of crime when they are released.

YOUHTFUL OFFENDERS: The rise m juvenile crime, including gang violence,
is an alarming trend that must be reversed. We support the implementation of
alternative sentencing programs such as Teen Court', 'Drug Court' and 'Boot Camps'
that are designed to turn around troubled youths.

Drugs and Alcohol Abuse

The abuse of drugs and alcohol drains our state of the creativity, energy, and
vitahty we need for continued progress. We believe that efforts to reduce the demand
for drugs and alcohol should be a major focus of our state's anti-drug strategy We
believe that law enforcement plays a crucial role m stemming the use of illegal
drugs, and that courts and police agencies should be given the support and resources
they need to hght this battle.

PREVENTION INITIATIVE: We enthusiastically support neighborhood and
school-based programs aimed at turning young people away from the use of illegal
drugs and alcohol. We call on the General Assembly to provide the resources to
bring school-based programs to every corner of the state at grades early enough to
be effective. We also urge governments at all levels to support agencies and programs
active m the fight against drugs, such as "Best Friends', 'Big Brother/Big Sister,' and
'D.A.R.F.'

SUPPORT AND TREATMENT: We support the efforts of state and local law-
enforcement agencies to deal severely with drug trafhcking and alcohol-impaired
driving, and we call for tougher sentences for repeat drug and alcohol offenders.
We also call for strong state support of treatment facilities and halfway houses for
drug and alcohol abusers to help break the cycle of addiction.

Economic and Community Development

The health of our state and of our nation depends on sustained and balanced
growth. We believe that economic growth expands opportunity for everyone. The
free market, regulated m the public interest, is the best engine of general prosperity.

We also recognize that excellence in public education, including public schools,
community colleges and universities, is the cornerstone of a successful economic
development effort.

HELPING OUR WORKFORCE: We commend Sen. John Edwards for working
to protect our state's workforce and encouraging assistance for workers, job creation,
new investment m hard hit areas, and leveling the trade playing held for North
Carolina industries.

GLOBAL ECONOMY: Our workers are among the most skilled and productive
in the world. We support trade practices and economic policies that enable our

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

workers and the businesses that employ them to compete effectively and fairly in
the world market.

INDUSTRIAL RECRUITMENT: We believe North Carolma must contmue to
attract and foster both new and traditional industries while encouraging growth
from within the state. We support continued efforts to provide a skilled and educated
work force, a solid infrastructure, and a quality of life that attracts and creates good
new jobs to provide a higher standard of living for all North Carolinians.

SMALL BUSINESS: We believe innovation and risk- taking in the pursuit of
excellence should be rewarded. We support expanded government efforts to promote
entrepreneurship and to help small businesses grow and prosper.

NATURAL RESOURCES: We recognize that the wise stewardship of our natural
resources is essential for our continued economic growth. For example, tourism,
one of the states fastest growing industries, depends upon the presence of clean
beaches, unspoiled forests, and clean rivers and lakes.

Economic and Financial Security

We believe government must provide a safety net covering the basic human
needs of all citizens and should work to enrich their quality of life. To fulfill this
responsibihty, all persons should have the opportunity to develop their talents and
abilities. We believe that every North Carolinian should have adequate food, clothing,
shelter, health care, and work. We believe that we, as a society, have a responsibility
to help those in need: distressed famiUes, the unemployed, the homeless, persons
with disabiUties, and the mentally ill. We should eradicate hunger. No person should
go to bed hungry.

JOBS: We believe that all North Carolinians deserve rewarding jobs through
which they can support themselves and their families. We believe that business,
government, and employees, working together as partners, can strike a healthy
balance in which the whole state can prosper.

INCOME SUPPORT: We believe ill, elderly or disabled people should be able
to enjoy the greatest possible independence and economic security. We endorse
increases in income support programs, including unemployment beneftts, Social
Security, veterans' benefits, and retirement programs. We will not tolerate fraud,
abuse, or mismanagement that destroy public trust in these programs and diminish
their intended purposes. We support paying all workers a liveable wage.

Education

Under our state constitution, North Carolinians have a right to a high quality
education. Our state must have an outstanding educational system in order to produce
an informed community, to promote economic development, and to build for an
economic future characterized by high-skill, high-wage employment. We agree with

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Thomas Jefferson that "any nation which expects to remain both free and ignorant
expects that which never has been nor ever shall be."

We should strive for educational excellence for all persons, regardless of their
race, age, gender, national origin, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, economic status,
developmental disability, primary language, location, or station in life.

We should make sure that every North Carolinian is guaranteed a full and
unfettered opportunity to develop his or her abilities to the greatest possible extent
and that all of our people have access to lifelong educational opportunities.

We recognize the many outstanding public and private schools, colleges, and
universities that already exist in our state and believe that these institutions should
be held up as models for others to admire and emulate. We commend the
Superintendent of Public Instruction for his tireless efforts to improve education
lor all North Carolinians.

We endorse the continued election of the North Carolina Superintendent of
Public Instruction, and the enactment of legislation making the Superintendent of
Pubhc Instruction the Chair of the State Board of Education.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS: We support early childhood intervention, including Gov.
Mike Easleys More at Four program, reductions m class size in all grades, and
increased support for home-to-school transition programs such as Head Start and
Smart Start. We support emphasizing the fundamental skills of reading, writing,
and arithmetic while exposing children to innovative ideas, information about other
cultures, and advancement m technology. We applaud the teaching of effective
citizenship, civic involvement, and legal and social responsibility. We believe that
every child in North Carolina should have equal access to all educational
opportunities. We support adequate funding for construction and maintenance of
school facilities. Additionally, we support adequate funding for equipment and
support services for at risk students and for after school programs m our public
schools.

EDUCATIONAL REFORM: Education must be m a continuous state of reform
m order to permit our students to remain competitive m a changing world and to
ensure that our public education system is accountable to the parents, students,
taxpayers, and communities it serves. We encourage and support the efforts of school
systems to promote and maintain diversity. We support the continued
decentralization of decision making in our public school system so that educators
will have the flexibility to adapt and react to changing circumstances without undue
bureaucratic interference. Local parents, teachers, and administrators deserve a
stronger voice in the establishment of educational priorities.

SMART START: We support the Smart Start program and its systematic expansion
throughout North Carolina. We applaud the progress of Smart Start and beheve
that it holds much promise for building a better future for our children.

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

HEAD START: We fully support the Head Start program so that the children of
the less fortunate in our state receive the early attention they need to thrive in our
schools.

SCHOOL VOUCHERS: We oppose the implementation of private and religious
school voucher programs. Such a program would amount to "welfare for the rich"
in many instances. Such a program would also harm our public schools by diluting
the financial support for those institutions and encouraging students to abandon
the public school system. Consistent with our unequivocal support for the public
school system, we cannot support a voucher program that will harm our public
schools.

HIGHER EDUCATION: North Carolina's universities have achieved an
international reputation for excellence in many helds. We wish to preserve this
important part of our states educational environment. Consequently, we support
adequate funding for our public university system, the preservation of academic
freedom at those institutions, equal access for all people, maintaining low tuition
for in-state students and the availability of financial aid for all quahfied students
with low and moderate incomes.

COMMUNITY COLLEGES: North Carolina's community colleges play a \ital
role in enhancing the lives of our people and in pa\ang the way for a brighter future
for our state. We support adequate funding for all community college programs,
including basic literacy programs, technical and vocational programs, new and
expanded industrial training, small business centers, and occupational retraining.
We also support voluntary links between community colleges and four-year
institutions to encourage the development of an improved system of higher education
in this state. We encourage the General Assembly to maintain low tuition at our
community colleges and to encourage business/education partnerships associated
with such institutions, m order to stimulate the state's economy.

TECH PREP: We strongly support the expansion of North Carolina's Tech Prep
program, which integrates the resources of the pubUc schools, community colleges,
and four-year institutions m order to provide our young people with the technical
literacy they will need in an increasingly complex future.

TEACHERS: We believe good teachers, including college and university
professors and instructors, are among North Carolina's most valuable resources.
We support continued efforts to produce, attract, and keep highly qualified educators
at all levels to ensure that our people receive an outstanding education. We support
the continued funding of the North Carolina Teaching Fellows program. We support
proposals to improve teacher salaries.

The way in which we compensate our educators should reflect our respect for
education as a profession. We believe that adequate compensation to college and
university instructors is vital to the preservation of our state college and university

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

system, including appropriate support for research activities. We support cultural
and ethnic diversity in our educational systems to provide appropriate role models
for our students.

SCHOOL VIOLENCE: We believe that every child and educator has a right to
be safe when attending school. We support all efforts by educators and law
enlorcement officials to stop violence in our schools.

Effective Government

We believe that the mission of government is to expand opportunity, not
bureaucracy, to our culturally and ethnically diverse population. Democrats have
demonstrated that government can be both responsive and responsible. Under
Democratic leadership, our state has enjoyed growth and progress while balancing
the budget every year. We support continuing efforts to make state government
more efficient.

GOVERNMENT OFFICES AND EMPLOYMENT: We have a strong commitment
to our government employees. We believe these professionals deserve wages and
benefits comparable to those m the private sector. We support annual pay raises
withm the limits of fiscal responsibility We support training government officials,
elected and professionals to provide more effective government service to North
Carolina.

We turther support ellorts to increase the numbers of c[ualified women and
minorities in all levels of government where they are under represented.

The purpose of the public retirement system is to recruit and retain competent
employees and to help provide economic security m retirement. We support
maintaining a sound and fiscally responsible retirement system for all public
employees. We call upon the General Assembly and administrative officers to ensure
the prudent, honest, and etticient use of employees' and taxpayers' contributions
by maintaining the actuarial soundness of the public retirement system.

OPEN GOVERNMENT: The government belongs to the people of North
Carolina, and the people are entitled to observe its work. We therefore support the
Open Meetings and Open Records laws and support its continuing expansion.

Seniors

We believe that seniors should enjoy independence and economic security in
recognition ot their many contributions to society.

SOCIAL SECURITY: We believe Social Security is a contract that must not be
compromised. We oppose privatization and the diversion of Social Security funds
tor other purposes.

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

HEALTH CARE: We believe any changes in Medicare should focus on health
care cost containment to diminish the ever-increasing out-of-pocket medical costs
that have risen at rates significantly higher than the rate of inflation. Seniors should
be assured both quality and choice of health care providers. Seniors should also be
protected against arbitrar)' health care cancellation. We support economical, accessible
prescription drug coverage for our seniors and we commend Lt. Governor Beverly
Perdues leadership in gi\'ing seniors the right to affordable and accessible prescription
drug coverage.

ASSISTED LIVING AND CARE: We pledge to continue to strengthen training
programs for those who work in the field of aging. We support expanded, accessible
transportation and affordable educational and leisure opportunities for older adults.
We urge the adoption of higher minimum standards for employees in nursing care
facilities and believe that the certification program for those working directly with
patients should be strengthened and enforced. We support a background check for
all employees with direct care responsibilities for seniors.

INCOME: We support efforts to raise incomes of seniors and all other persons
above the poverty level to allow them to live in dignity and security. We urge the
abolition of mandatory age-related retirement and recommend the availability of
pre-retirement counseling and consultation. We support fairness in economic benefit
programs for all senior North Carolinians. We support an increase in homestead
exemption from property taxation for the elderly.

SENIORS AND FAMILIES: We support efforts to keep families together through
safe, affordable adult day care, health care, counseling, job retraining, nutritional
assistance, and other means of making Hfe more pleasant for seniors. We support
an expanded network of community-based services to keep persons in their homes
so that they will not be prematurely placed in institutional care. We pledge to support
every reasonable effort to assure that families will not be financially impoverished
because of exorbitant health care costs.

Enxironment

We recommit ourselves to the uise stewardship and protection of our air, water,
soil, forests, wetlands, watersheds, and barrier islands. We believe that by preserving
our natural resources, we are preserving our quality of life, our economic growth,
and our health. We note that the Democratic Party is the only party that has
consistently supported serious and effective measures to protect our environment
and natural resources.

We recognize the interdependence of ecosystems and community economies
and believe that all communities have a fiduciary obligation to use land and resources
in ways which do not harm the environmental health or the economies of
neighboring or distant towns and communities.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

AIR AND WATER: We support tax incentives and other benefits that encourage
use of alternative means for disposal of chemicals and waste by-products into the
air. We urge increased state supervision and more frequent inspections of companies
emitting such by-products into the atmosphere.

We want to keep public ownership of the coastline, to keep it available to every
North Carolinian.

We encourage regional watershed planning that encompasses agricultural
activities, industrial output, and wastewater discharge, but that takes into account
the interests of private property We call upon municipalities and counties to develop
unified regional policies to protect watersheds. We oppose Republican initiatives
to dilute water and air c[uality safeguard standards.

SOIL: We support stronger county sedimentation control ordinances as provided
by the North Carolina Sedimentation and Pollution Control Act.

FORESTS: We support logging and timber management techniques that foster
reforestation. We oppose the practice of clear-cuttmg.

WETLANDS: We support local land management that includes responsible
control of surface water run-off, ensures the proper treatment and disposal of
wastewater, and minimizes the pressure exerted by increased population. We support
programs that will achieve the short-term goal of "no net loss" of wetlands - m both
acreage and function - and a longer-term goal of wetlands restoration, where feasible.

RECYCLING: We support mandatory local and regional recycling of paper,
glass, metals, and other reusable materials m order to reduce the need for landhlls.
We support safe, alternative means of waste disposal. We also support tax incentives
and other benefits for industries that undertake and promote recycling efforts. We
encourage local governments to create greater markets for recycled products by
purchasing recycled materials.

OFFSHORE DRILLING: We recognize that our coast is an outstanding natural
resource that must be protected for future generations of North Carolinians. We call
lor the performance of a full environmental impact study including the impact on
the tourism and fishing industiy before an\' offshore exploration for oil or natural
gas is undertaken.

NUCLEAR POWER: We urge constant vigilance to ensure the safety and security
of existing nuclear power facilities and the development of efficient and safe means
to dispose of or reuse nuclear and hazardous wastes. We urge cooperation among
government, education, and private companies to seek and develop alternative
sources of energy.

TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE: We believe that any firm or organization,
public or private, that uses or produces hazardous products must be held accountable
for their safe and proper disposal. We urge the state to provide technical assistance

798

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

to help reduce the production of toxic and hazardous waste and to treat their waste
on site. We support strengthening laws against irresponsible dumping of toxic
chemicals and wastes, and we call for aggressive prosecution of those who \iolate
these laws. We oppose the siting of hazardous waste generating and disposal facilities
in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. We support reasonable right-to-
know laws to disclose fully the chemicals used and stored in our communities.

PARKS: We support the completion of acquisition of the remaining land needed
to implement the master plan for our state parks. We oppose the sale of state parks.
We also encourage the General Assembly to fund badly needed repairs and to
upgrade the grounds and facihties at our existing state parks and to make them
ADA compUant and affordable to all North Carolinians.

Fair and Open Elections and a Strong Party

As the party of inclusion we recommit ourselves to a North Carolina Democratic
Party that is open to all people. We believe the principles and goals of our party are
more important than personalities or Primary Election disagreements. We expect
Democratic candidates and those who have been entrusted with public or party
office to set an example of loyalty to the party, to its principles, and to all of its
nominees. We encourage all Democrats to unite and support the entire ticket in the
General Election. We encourage Democrats to support the North Carolina Democratic
Party in every race, from local contests, to judicial elections to the top of the ticket.

We pledge to continue efforts to involve as many people as possible m
Democratic Party affairs and in party decision making. We will increase efforts to
encourage historically under-represented groups, such as women and minorities,
to seek election to pubUc ofhce. CLEAN CAMPAIGNS: We promise to campaign
honestly, fairly, and vigorously, with a focus on the issues of paramount concern to
our communities, state, and nation. We call upon all candidates to forego personal
attacks and distortion and to debate the issues in a straightforward manner. We
pledge to abide by the letter and the spirit of the federal and state campaign finance
laws.

VOTING: We will continue to advocate measures to make voter registration
and voting easier and more accessible, particularly for students, seniors, the infirm,
and those who are unable to register during business hours. We support legislation
to make registering and voting of all North Carolinians easier. We support increased
funding to educate voters about legal alternatives to voting only on Election Day
and to improve the speed and convenience of voting on Election Day. We support
greater enforcement efforts to eliminate voter fraud.

We commend the National Voter Registration Act, which has been implemented
in North Carolina. We vigorously affirm our support for efforts to ensure the right
to vote for all citizens without discrimination or intimidation. We also encourage
efforts to increase the Election Day turnout of North Carolina's voting-age population.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

JUDICIAL SELECTION: We support a judicial selection process that focuses I
on experience and qualifications, establishes a minimum number of years of practice
for service as a district court, superior court, or appellate court judge, and enables
qualified candidates for judicial positions to compete in a manner consistent with
the Canons of Judicial Conduct. |

CAMPAIGN FINANCE: We support the passage and enforcement of tough
campaign finance laws. The North Carolina Democratic Party will continue to
support measures to reduce the cost of campaigning for public office. We encourage
all North Carolina Democrats to participate in the income tax check-off fund.

Health and Human Services

We recognize that every person is entitled to basic health care. Therefore, we i
urge the General Assembly and all agencies responsible for the delivery of health
care to work to contain costs and to assure the highest possible quality of health ,
care to all persons, regardless of income or geographic location. ;

HEALTH CARE: We encourage healthy lifestyles and applaud Lt. Governor |
Beverly Perdue s leadership towards that, including her efforts to reduce teen smoking, i

We recognize that health care decisions are best made within the context of the
doctor and patient relationship. Thus, we believe that each person has the right to
choose his or her own physician without interference from government or insurance
companies. We support health care reform that provides universal and portable I
coverage, expanded preventive health care, and public efforts to provide the prenatal j
care needed to reduce infant mortahty '

BEHAVIORAL HEALTH CARE: We support a mental health system that provides '

access to appropriate treatment for mental, behavioral, developmental disabiUties,

and substance abuse. Such a system must provide a comprehensive array of services ■

which emphasizes community based treatment offering equal access for those in :

need. We support reform which emphasizes insurance coverage for all health

disorders, including mental disorders, which is comparable m cost and coverage to

traditional medical insurance.

i
WELFARE REFORM: We believe that welfare is intended to help families and

individuals through extremely tough hnancial times; however, too many people

have become dependent on welfare. W^e support continued efforts to reform North.

Carolmas welfare system by emphasizing work, personal responsibility, and helping!

more welfare recipients to get effective job training get jobs and become self-sufficient.

SENIORS AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: We support alternative health-'
care delivery systems to allow the elderly and persons with disabilities to remain in ,
a home setting as long as possible. We urge the provision of quality in-home care
or institutional care for all who require it, and we insist on their protection from;
abuse, neglect, and deprivation of their rights as persons. We applaud efforts w

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

provide state-supported health care to the poor and to uninsured and underinsured
persons.

WOMEN: We beUeve that every woman should have access to prenatal and
postnatal care and appropriate counseling. We believe that a woman's decision about
whether to end a pregnancy should be her own and not that of the government.
Thus, we must keep abortion safe, legal, and accessible to all North Carolina women.
Women should have access to information and counseling regarding all choices
related to crisis pregnancies.

PATIENTS' RIGHTS: We commend Gov Mike Easley and the General Assembly
for enactment of the North Carolina Patients' Bill of Rights that will improve the
relationship between patients, doctors and insurance companies. We applaud Sen.
John Edwards for his visionary leadership in working towards a nationwide Patients'
Bill of Rights.

EDUCATION: We support educational programs m our schools and public
health agencies that encourage abstinence and provide information about safe sexual
practices, in order to prevent pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted
diseases, including AIDS.

Housing

Safe, decent, and affordable housing for all persons is essential to the future of
our communities and families. We deplore the conditions that lead to homelessness,
and we encourage the renovation, preservation, and expansion of existing low-
income housing.

HOME OWNERSHIP: We support pohcies that encourage affordable mortgage
credit to make home ownership possible for more working famiUes. We urge the
expansion of the North Carolina Housing Trust Fund to provide a source of funds
for the housing needs of our poorest. We also encourage the expansion of incentives
for first-time home buyers.

RENTAL HOUSING: Many of our people rent their homes, either by choice or
by necessity. We call for the equitable allocations of rights and responsibilities
between landlords and tenants. We support the enforcement of existing laws that
require rental premises to be maintained in a fit and habitable condition.

PUBLIC HOUSING: We support programs that encourage tenant management
of pubUc housing communities. Furthermore, we support pohcies that encourage
tenant responsibility, including zero tolerance drug provisions in pubhc housing
leases.

We support legislation to provide additional resources for special need
populations including farm workers, transitional housing for the homeless and

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

incarcerated, HIV/AIDS populations, victims of domestic violence, homeless veterans i
and those that are mentally or physically challenged and the elderly

Labor and Employment

The North Carolina Democratic Party is the party of North Carolina's working :
people. We understand that meaningful employment at a liveable wage is critical to |
the personal security and self-esteem of the people of our state. We believe that
economic growth is fully consistent with fair employment practices, fair wages,
and a safe, clean, and healthy work place.

We are confident that maintainmg a high level of economic growth can and
should be accompanied by investments in the training and retraining of workers in
view of our changing state, national, and world economies. In light of all these i
factors, we reaffirm our fundamental and well-established belief that all North
Carolinians have a right to productive employment in a safe environment and to ,
compensation at a liveable wage without fear of discriminatory treatment. ;

JOB SAFETY: We demand strict enforcement of workplace safety standards and \
the routine inspection of North Carolina workplaces in order to ensure adequate i
protection for all workers. '

RIGHT-TO-KNOW LAWS: We befieve that workers have a right to know whether
they are at risk of exposure to hazardous materials and to the steps that they can ^
take to protect themselves from harmful contact with such substances. I

We support the stringent enforcement of existing right-to-know laws and regular '
legislative and regulatory review of the subject m order to ensure that our laws
covering hazardous materials reflect sound, modern safety practices. We also support '
right-to-know laws that allow local residents and fire departments, police
departments, and others responsible for protecting the public to have adequate
access to information about any hazardous materials located m their communities.

ILLNESS AND INJURY: We support just compensation and adequate care for
the victims of occupational diseases and work-related injuries. We particularly
support efforts to reduce, treat, and eliminate the risk of long-term injuiy resulting ,
from repetitive job-related activities.

We believe the Commissioner of Labor should restore the ergonomic study
and guidelines to promote safety in the workplace. j

MINIMUM WAGE: We support the concept of the federal minimum wage. We '
believe that the United States Congress should increase the current state minimum
wage m order to ensure that workers can adequately pro\dde tor their own well-
being and that of their families. j

JOB TRAINING: We strongly support the expansion of apprenticeship and on-
the-job training programs to help our young people and displaced workers to.

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

develop marketable job skills. We believe that special care should be taken to expand
job opportunities for the disabled.

WOMEN IN THE WORK PLACE: We recognize that over the last 30 years,
there has been an unprecedented movement of women m the labor force. We
understand that women work for personal fulfillment and to provide support for
themselves and their families, just as men do. In recognition of this fundamental
change in our economy, we support equal access to employment opportunities for
women and men and are committed to equal pay for comparable work.

We encourage businesses to include child care faciUties in the workplace. Studies
show that this increases worker productivity, strengthens families and builds
company loyalty among workers.

CHILD CARE: The changing nature of our workforce has had a profound impact
upon our families. We believe that employment should promote, enhance, and
nurture stable and healthy family relationships instead of harming them. An integral
part of ensuring that the growth in two wage-earner families does not harm our
families is the provision of adequate and reasonably priced child care for our children.

We urge the development of incentives for private employers to provide high
quality child care services. We also urge the development of incentives for, and the
removal of obstacles to, alternative work opportunities such as part-time, shared-
time, and flexible-time work schedules in order to expand opportunities for more
people to care for their children.

MIGRANT WORKERS: We support sanitary living conditions, adequate health
care, educational opportunities, and safe working conditions for migrant workers
and their families. All workers in North Carolina, regardless of immigration status,
have the right to fair wages, timely payment for services and safe working conditions.

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: We reassert our fundamental belief m the
collective bargaining process as a means of serving the interests of both employees
and employers. We encourage cooperation between employers and employees to
assure productivity through fair and adequate employee compensation and benehts
and safe, harmonious, and healthy working conditions.

NON-DISCRIMINATORY EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES: We support access to
employment without discrimination of any kind. We support vigorous enforcement
of existing anti-discrimination laws to ensure that all persons have access to good
jobs at fair wages and benehts. We urge the implementation of incentives for
employer sponsorship of training and managerial development programs designed
to eliminate discriminatory practices. We further support programs to facilitate the
employment of veterans in the private sector.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Heritage and Culture

The Nonh Carolina Democratic Party recognizes the miportance of cultural
development in the growth of our state.

CULTURAL PROGRAMS: We strongly support the programs and institutions
that have established our states stature in the areas of the arts, theater, music, and
folk life. We encourage the continued development of museums and historical
research facilities to embrace the cultural diversity of our state.

PUBLIC LIBRARIES: We support public libraries, acknowledge their value as
community resources and information centers, encourage continued support for
their growth and expansion, and support their independence m providing knowledge
and information.

Human Rights

The North Carolina Democratic Party was founded in response to the need for
a defense of human rights and civil liberties. We reaffirm our commitment to the
full and equal protection of the lives, liberties, rights, and properties of all citizens
and residents of North Carolina. All human beings desen^ the opportunity to realize
their own potential.

PRIVACY: We continue to support responsible measures to limit the amount of
information gathered by governmental agencies about individuals and to prohibit
the use of such information in an improper manner. We believe that government
must respect individual liberties and refrain from intruding into our private lives
and interfering with our personal decisions.

CIVIL LIBERTIES: We support the fundamental rights to freedom of speech,
freedom of religion, and the right not to be deprived of life, liberty, or property
without due process of law. We oppose efforts to limit or eliminate these fundamental
constitutional rights. We believe that all persons should have access to our courts.

DISCRIMINATION: We oppose discrimination of any kind, whether m
employment, health care, education, retirement programs, housing, or any other
area. We encourage vigorous enforcement of existing civil rights laws and a periodic
re-examination of their adequacy.

Immigration

Immigrants have become a vital part of North Carolinas economy.

Recognizing that fact, the state should provide access to important information
about state ser\aces and benefits m the primaiy language ot legal immigrants.

While we recognize that immigration laws are enacted at the federal level, state
government, grassroots citizens and legislators can impact such policies by
influencing our federal representatives.

804

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

WELCOMING NEWCOMERS: Newcomers from around the world have come
to North CaroUna. The state should establish a state newcomers guide to offer
guidance and explain the actions of state government m all communities in which
newcomers settle.

Paying for Progress

Government services are not free. The North Carolina Democratic Party supports
the wise use of tax monies without waste or extravagance. We support the
introduction of increased efficiencies in all areas of government to hold down the
tax burden on the people of our state. We applaud the efforts of State Auditor Ralph
Campbell to minimize waste and mismanagement. We applaud Governor Mike
Easley, State Treasurer Richard Moore, and the General Assembly for preserving the
states AAA credit ratmg. We are proud of the long history of efhcient government
which Democratic leaders have provided in North Carolina.

We believe that all taxes, especially those that fall hardest on middle-class and
poor families, should be kept as low as is possible, consistent with the maintenance
of an appropriate level of government services. The use of a progressive tax system
is the only way to fairly pay for the government services needed to build a solid
foundation for our future economic security We oppose excessive reliance on
regressive taxes, which unfairly burden the poor and the middle class. We believe
that any future changes m the tax laws should increase the progressivity of our tax
system.

Homeland Security

We believe that the best way to fight terrorism at home is to be prepared, and
that North Carolina should have every safeguard possible in place to protect from
terrorist attacks. This preparation should include the best technology and other
appropriate tools for local and state law enforcement ofhcials.

LAW ENFORCEMENT: We support law enforcement efforts to obtain additional
resources for improved communication, better intelligence gathering and we also
encourage better cooperation in sharing information, detaining suspects and alerting
the pubUc.

HEALTH: We support vigilant protection of North Carolinians' health, and
beheve the nation should follow Attorney General Roy Cooper in working to
establish a registry of potentially deadly biological agents that could be used as
weapons. We believe that, in an emergency, the states pubUc health officials should
determine through testing if a biological threat has occurred and decide if quarantine
or other safety measures should occur.

To eat safely, we know our food has to be protected from the farm to the kitchen
table. We applaud Agriculture Commissioner Meg Scott Phipps for being in the
forefront nationally in bio-terrorist prevention and preparedness.

805

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

JUSTICE: We support Gov. Mike Easleys efforts to enact tough penalties for
those who put our safety in jeopardy with use or threats of chemical or biological
weapons or other weapons of mass destruction. We believe suspects who threaten
or use such weapons damage the safety and health of North Carolinians just as if
they had used a traditional weapon.

PUBLIC INFORMATION; We believe that the residents of North Carolina have
a right to know when their safety is threatened in order to make informed decisions
about their safety We encourage rapid alerts m case of danger, and full disclosure,
when appropriate, in times of crisis.

PUBLIC SERVANTS: We also strongly support our men and women in uniform
who protect our communities every day We are proud of and thankful for our
police and fire/rescue forces and other public ser\'ants.

Veterans and Anned Forces

We recognize that the freedoms we enjoy in this great country do not come
without a price, and that the ultimate price has been paid again and again by the
people of this great state. We further recognize that North Carolina plays an essential
role m the defense of this country, not only because of the sacrifices made by our
sons and daughters in militar)' ser\ice, but also because our state contains some of
the largest and most important militaiy bases m the world. The presence of these
bases is a source of great pride and is vital to the economic prosperity of the
communities m which they are located.

The North Carolina Democratic Party reafhrms its longtime commitment to
North Carolinas sons and daughters who presently serve proudly m the Armed
Forces of the United States, to those men and women who sen-e at bases located
withm our borders, and to all veterans of the Armed Forces of the United States,
whose service has made this nation an example of freedom and democracy that
shines throughout the world.

Conclusion

In summary the North Carolina Democratic Party stands for:

Economic opportunity and security for all who call North Carolina home

A fair and just tax system

Quahty, affordable education for every student at every stage of life

Equal access to quality and affordable health care

Safe and secure communities

Presentation of natural resources

806

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

Address all inquiries to:

The North Carolina Democratic Party
220 Hillsborough Street
Raleigh, NC 27603

919.821.2777
919.821.4778 /flx

You can also visit the N.C. Democratic Party's Web site at www.ncdp.org.

N.C. Democratic State Executive Council

Chair

Barbara K. Allen

Raleigh

First Vice-Chair

Ed Smith

Raleigh

Second Vice-Chair

Vacant

Third Vice-Chair

Sharon Worthmgton

Carrboro

Secretary

Jewel Wilson

Asheville

Treasurer

Jim Stephenson

Cary

First District Chair

Melinda Solomon-Harris Roanoke Rapids

Second District Chair

Jenny Edwards

Franklinton

Third District Chair

Glenn Perry

Greenville

Fourth District Chair

Thomas E. Austin, II

Durham

Fifth District Chair

Delmas Parker

Fleetwood

Sixth District Chair

J. David Ragsdale

Stokesdale

Seventh District Chair

Patricia Smith

Elizabethtown

Eighth District Chair

Elijah Peterson

Rockingham

Ninth District Chair

Pat Patton

Charlotte

Tenth District Chair

Dr. Ruby Little

Taylorsville

Eleventh District Chair

Bruce Peterson

Asheville

Twelfth District Chair

Willie A. Smith

Charlotte

Thirteenth District Chair

Patricia Hawkins

Raleigh

President Democratic Women

Sue Dupree

Pine Level

President-Senior Democrats

Dr. Roy Moore

Greensboro

President-Young Democrats

Tate Helms

807

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Democratic Party County Chairs

Alamance

Joe Wheeler

Graham

Alexander

Lahoma Warren

Hiddenite

Alleghany

Karen Leys

Sparta

Anson

Dannie Montgomery

Lilesville

Ashe

Melba Jones

West Jefferson

Avery

Diane Sudderth

Montezuma

Beaufort

Betsy Lee Hodges

Washington

Bertie

Tonza Ruffm

Windsor

Bladen

Althea Lesane

Rieglewood

Brunswick

Buddy Rudd

Oak Island

Buncombe

Blake Butler

Asheville

Burke

Ronnie Thompson

Morganton

Cabarrus

James C. Johnson

Concord

Caldwell

Phyllis Huffstetler

Lenoir

Camden

Victor Neal

South Mills

Carteret

Nelson GiUikm

Beaufort

Caswell

Lorene Garland

Blanch

Catawba

Jeff Dellmger

Maiden

Chatham

Mary Nettles

Pittsboro

Cherokee

Mack Cowan

Murphy

Chowan

Jerald Perry

Edenton

Clay

Bass Hyatt

Brasstown

Cleveland

Betsy Wells

Kings Mountain

Columbus

Sherrv Dew Prince

Tabor City

Craven

Charles Wethmgton

New Bern

Cumberland

Coy Brewer

Fayetteville

Currituck

Rosalie Rose

Moyock

Dare

Fletcher Willey

Manteo

Davidson

Randell Lanier

Lexington

Davie

Robert Rose

Mocksville

Duplin

Jesse Williams

Warsaw

Durham

Ted Benson

Durham

Edgecombe

Celestme Lyons

Battleboro

Forsyth

Berni Gaither

Winston-Salem

808

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

Democratic Party County Chairs (continued)

Franklin Doug Jackson Youngsville

Gaston T.J. Solomon Gastonia

Gates

Mack Eason

Sunbury

Graham

Brenda Long-Norville

Robbinsville

Granville

Gene Edmundson

Oxford

Greene

Shelby Harrell

Snow Hill

Guilford

Tom Coley

Greensboro

Halifax

Regina Dickens

Littleton

Harnett

Alton D. Baines

Lillington

Haywood

Nancy Francis

Waynesville

Henderson

Paul Donahue

Hendersonville

Hertford

Marcus Simmons

Ahoskie

Hoke

A.K. Leach

Raeford

Hyde

Janet Russ

Fairfield

Iredell

Tommy Gaither

Ohn

Jackson

Eddie Madden

Cashiers

Johnston

Donald Rains

Princeton

Jones

John Simmons

Pollocksville

Lee

Vacant

Lenoir

Lyle Holland

Kinston

Lmcoln

Roby Jetton

Lincolnton

Macon

Jerry Sutton

Franklin

Madison

Virginia Anderson

Hot Springs

Martin

James Batchelor

Williamston

McDowell

Louis Wall

Marion

Mecklenburg

John Gotham

Charlotte

Mitchell

Kay Goins

Spruce Pine

Montgomery

Hugh Martin

Biscoe

Moore

Bill Newton

Southern Pines

Nash

Mary A. Wells

Rocky Mount

New Hanover

Gary Shipman

Wilmington

Northampton

Michael Wray

Gaston

Onslow

Barbara Woodward

Jacksonville

Orange

Alex Zaffron

Carrboro

Pamlico

Steven Hollowell

Bayboro

Pasquotank

Una Green

Elizabeth City

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Democratic Party County Chairs (continued)

Pender James Faison, Jr. Rocky Point

Perquimans Lillian Holman Hertford

Person

Curtis Bradsher

Roxboro

Put

Andy Forman

Greenville

Polk

Fred Eaton, Jr.

Columbus

Randolph

Hal Walker

Asheboro

Richmond

Hon. Wayne Goodwin

Rockingham

Robeson

Raymond Pennington

Lumberton

Rockingham

Dick Cartwright

Madison

Rowan

Sandy Reitz

Salisbury

Rutherford

Rav Crawford

Rutherfordton

Sampson

Mae H. Troublefield

Faison

Scotland

Joyce McDow

Laurinburg

Stanly

N.A. Lowder

Albemarle

Stokes

Phil White

Walnut Co\t

Surry

Paul Taylor

Mt. Airy

Swain

Eloise Nelson

Bryson City

Transylvania

Dana Hawkins

Pisgah Forest

Tyrrell

Lariy Hill

Columbia

Union

Ruth S. Starnes

Monroe

Vance

Opie Frazier, Jr.

Henderson

Wake

Michael Weisel

Raleigh

Warren

Robin S. Williams

Norlina

Washington

Bill Forbes

Creswell

Watauga

Rusty Henson

Vilas

Wayne

Larry Jones

Dudley

Wilkes

Judith B. Porter

North Wilkesboro

Wilson

Jennie Williams

Wilson

Yadkin

Ben NeiU

East Bend

Yancey

Clyde Mcintosh

Burnsville

810

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

2002 Libertarian Party of North Carolina Platform

Preamble

We hold that every person has a natural right to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness and property.

We hold that the purpose of government is the protection of the rights
and property of peaceful individuals.

We hold that the initiation of force or fraud for political or social
reasons is always immoral, and it is contrary to the principles of
legitimate government.

We hold that the guarantor of personal liberty is economic freedom;

Accordingly, the Libertarian Party of North Carolina seeks:

Federal Government that is limited to the powers specifically enumerated for it m
the U.S. Constitution.

Federal, state and local government that does not attempt to manipulate the economy
or interfere in the private moral decisions of any individual.

A society that is freer and more prosperous, based on the respect for our differences,
acknowledgement of the creative potential of a free market, and optimism for the
future.

I. Justice

Crime: The only real crimes are those which result in direct harm to a person
or property Any criminal laws, policies, and programs not directly based upon this
principle of justice have no place in a free and civil society The LPNC calls for the
vigorous prosecution of crimes with victims, and the repeal of all laws against so-
called "victimless crimes." Government officials should not be immune from
prosecution of criminal acts in the conduct of their duties.

The LPNC calls for the immediate end of civil asset forfeiture.

End the War on Drugs: The LPNC calls for the immediate end to the insane
"war on drugs." While we do not advocate the use of drugs, we have learned that
drug prohibition is worse than the drugs themselves. We call for the legalization of
all drugs and the immediate pardon of the over one-quarter of North Carolina
prison inmates convicted solely of drug charges and other "victimless crimes."

Death Penalty: The LPNC opposes execution of prisoners. We believe that
state-sanctioned revenge never serves the cause of justice.

Prisons: Prisons should exist to separate those who would violate the rights of
others from civil society The Constitutional rights of prisoners and ex-prisoners
should be abridged only where it is necessary to accomplish this purpose. The

811

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

LPNC calls for prisons that arc humane, with programs designed to provide inmates
the discipline and skills required to become productive and law-abiding citizens
upon release.

Takings: The LPNC opposes the takuig or seizure of private property by
government or by agencies acting upon governmental authority. We support
compensation for owners whose property is devalued or made maccessible by
governmcni regulations.

En\ironment: The basis for effective envn-onmental protection is found ini
upholding property rights. The LPNC calls for the repeal of any laws which inhibit
owners from taking action to legally protect and defend their property !

Pollution: Pollution is a violation of rights and should be treated as such. Thei
LPNC proposes that polluters, either public or private, must fully compensate affected
property owners for their losses. If the act ot pollution is deliberate or willfully
negligent, criminal penalties should also apply

Roadblocks and Searches: The LPNC calls for a halt to random roadblocks orj
searches of any kind. Roadblocks should only be used to stop known fleeing
criminals. Searches should only be conducted m strict adherence to the Constitution.

Militanzcition of Police: The LPNC decries the increasing militarization oi
police. Police SWAT teams increasingly violate our rights and terrorize innocent
civilians in a manner the LPNC believes is blatantly unconstitutional. Police!
departments exist to protect and sen^e their citizens, and militaiy style raids have noj
place m a civil society The LPNC calls for an end to no-knock searches and hooded
ofhcers. j

U. Social Issues

Education: The LPNC supports any attempt by parents and students to take
control of their education. The state should uphold its NC Constitutional mandate
to ensure that children have access to a ciuality education, by lifting the burden of
regulation from private education and home schooling, and by allowing as much
school choice as possible.

Daycare and Elder Care: The LPNC calls for the complete deregulation of the
daycare, nursing home and home health care industries. This will make these senices
more diverse, plentiful and inexpensive, eliminating the perceived need tor
government intervention.

Welfare: The LPNC offers a positive alternative to the failed welfare state. We
offer a vision of a society based on individual responsibility and private charity
Once people are free to keep all the money they earn, they will be able to offer direct
individual aid that is truly compassionate. We favor ending government welfare
programs as quickly as possible.

812

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

Housing: The LPNC advocates a free and unregulated housing market. We call
for the elimination of all laws which dictate to homeowners how they will build,
inhabit, or use their property, and of all regulations which increase the costs of
housing. In no case should the taxpayers subsidize another's choice of where to
build and maintain housing.

Healthcare: The LPNC calls on government to get out of the healthcare industry
entirely When people are allowed free choice, they will be more able to choose the
care they want at a price they can afford. We advocate a compassionate approach
towards those currently dependent on government healthcare, and would take care
to not increase their suffering in pursuit of this goal.

HI. The Free Market

Corporate Welfare: The LPNC calls for the end of any and all corporate welfare
policies. We believe that the free market is far more efhcient than government at
deciding which forms of business most beneftt North Carolinians. We oppose any
action by state or local government to subsidize the costs of private business.

Business and Labor: The LPNC calls for the immediate aboUtion of all state
and local business Ucenses, occupational licenses, and franchise fees thus freeing
the members of the public to become clients of whomever they please for whatever
price and level of ser\'ice is mutually acceptable. This action would open the field of
voluntary licensing and decrease the short supply of affordable professionals in the
areas of health, law, engineering, counseling, real estate, dentistry, embalming, and
other services. We call on all levels of government to eliminate all regulations and
fees that artiftcially increase the costs of starting and maintaining a business, or of
gaining employment.

Privatization: The LPNC challenges local and county governments to seek
private solutions for basic needs. We call for free and open competition in all areas
which have been previously reser\'ed to government-granted monopolies.

Zoning: The LPNC calls for the repeal of all zoning ordinances. In their place,
we uphold the rights of private owners to use and develop their property as they
see fit, and the rights of their neighbors to be protected from any direct harm caused
by such use. We encourage people to establish private contractual relationships that
promote harmonious land use and development.

Transportation: The LPNC challenges state and local government to stop

building new highways or other transportation systems. We propose giving private

.: enterprise the opportunity to come up with innovative transportation solutions

without government interference. Current roads should be maintained by private

enterprise until such time as they can be transferred to private ownership.

Agriculture and Forestry: The LPNC supports a free market in agriculture and
forestry People should be free to raise any agricultural product and sell it at market,

813

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

without government subsidy, support, or interference. Agricultural and forestry
research should be conducted privately, without government interference or support.
We call for the immediate removal of all taxes on agricultural products at all levels,
including production, distribution, storage, transportation, and sale.

Alcohol Sales: 1 he LPNC calls for government to get out of the business of
selling alcohol. The Alcohol Beverage Control system should be privatized and
alcohol sales deregulated as C[uickly as possible.

IV Government and Taxation

Democracy: Access to the ballot should be open to all Constitutionally qualified
candidates. All candidates for a given office should be held to the same requirements,
regardless of party affiliation. The people should have easy access to state their will
to the government through as many democratic methods as possible, including,
but not limited to, initiative, referendum, recall, proportional representation, and
write-in votes.

Fair Campaigns: The right to freedom of expression must include the
unrestricted right to pay for dissemination of ones opinion. When the government
controls the funding of campaigns, it controls the campaigns themselves, and thus
the elections. Accordingly, the LPNC calls for an end to all limits on a persons right
to support the candidate of his choice.

Legislation: The LPNC believes bills issuing from the General Assembly should
be as simple and to the point as possible. We challenge the General Assembly to
write bills that cover only one topic and that can be understood by the average
voter. We oppose riders, unrelated amendments, or any other attempt to pass
legislation without a clear, open, and public consideration of the proposed law.

Annexation: The LPNC opposes forced annexation by municipalities. All
annexation should be subject to the direct approval of those living m areas proposed
to be annexed.

Taxation: Taxation is by its very nature a coercive and destructive act against
the people. The LPNC believes that all people have the basic light to keep the fruits
of their labor and enterprise. We believe that the costs of government should be
paid for by voluntary means only.

Property Taxes: The LPNC calls for the repeal of all property taxes, including
those that are appHed to vehicles, equipment, capital goods and pets.

Federal Grants: The LPNC challenges state and local governments to turn
away all federal grants and the restrictions and mandates that come with them. We
call on the federal government to release control and funding over these programs
to the state and to the people in accordance with the 9th and 10th amendments to
the Constitution of the United States.

814

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

Bonds: To the extent that government bonds are simply deferred taxes, and
they should be avoided in all circumstances. State and local governments should
take action to pay off existing bonds as quickly as possible, and refrain from the
issuance of new bonds.

Sale of Goxemment Lands and Assets: The LPNC challenges state and local

governments to privatize as many lands and assets as possible. Many functions of

government should be transferred to private ownership, and a necessary reduction

jin the size of government will generate surplus property We call for a fair and open

1 process to liquidate these lands and assets at maximum value. The proceeds from

i these sales should be refunded to the taxpayers.

V. Freedom

I Privacy: The LPNC opposes any attempts by government to collect information
,on the people, except m the Constitutionally required performance of its duties. All
! personal information gathered by government must be kept confidential, and not
iused or shared except directly for the purpose for which it was gathered.

! Right to Keep and Bear Arms: The LPNC acknowledges every individuals
Unalienable right to choose to own and carry firearms or other means of self-defense,
without government licensing, registration, monitoring or interference of any kind.

Boating, Hunting and Fishing Rights: The LPNC calls for the elimination of
state licenses for the purposes of boating, hunting, or hshing. We support the
;rights of private land owners to allow, ban or regulate these activities on their
property, as they see ht.

j Consensual Relationships: The government has absolutely no place telling
; consenting adults which adults they can love or how they can love one another.
The LPNC calls for the immediate repeal of all laws that encourage or discourage
iany consensual sexual or family relationships.

I Adoption: The LPNC calls for a total deregulation of adoption services. We
tbelieve that easily available adoption will significantly lower abortion and child
abuse. We support the rights of individuals and non-traditional families to adopt.

Immigration: The LPNC welcomes immigrants to our state. There should be
no laws that set different standards for immigrants and non-immigrants. People
who are not citizens should enjoy equal treatment under the law.

I Free Association: The LPNC supports the right of any free association of
^individuals to conduct their community affairs as they see ht consistent with
lindividual liberty, without interference from the government.

VI. Miscellaneous

i ISational Libertarian Party Platform: The LPNC affirms and adopts the
jplatform of the national Libertarian Party.

815

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Omissions: In all matters where the LPNC does not take a position in this
platiorm, the party shall always be m favor of the position which grants the greatest !
freedom to the people while protectmg individual rights, and which most limits
the role ot government.

For more information on the Libertarian Party of North Carolma, contact Sean
Haugh at (919) 286-0152, toll free at 1 800-292-3766. Visit the party s Web site at
www.lpnc.org or info@lpnc.org.

State Executive Committee

Chair
Vice-Chair
Recording Secretary
Treasurer

Press Secretary^

Political Director

Membership Secretary'

Director of Newsletter Publication

Outreach Director

Ballot Access Coordinator

Executive Director

Barbara Howe
R. Lee Wrights
Douglas S. Adams
Bob Dorsey

Brian Irving
Kevin Former
Jeffrey Bentley
Christy Dunovant

Jim Puts
Vacant
Sean Haugh

Oxford

Winston-Salem
Durham
Durham

Fayetteville
Winston Salem
Greensboro
Wmston-Salem

Sanford
Durham

Executive Committee
Tom Bailey
Beverly Wilcox
Paul Johnson
Carey Head

Members At Large

Greensboro

Charlotte

County Contacts for the Libertarian Party of North Carolina

Alamance

Anson

Ashe

Avery

Beaufort

Bertie
Bladen
Brunswick
Buncombe

Cabarrus
Caldwell

Joe Fulks

Alan Light

William Montgomery

Vacant

Charles Hickman

Larry Cook, Jr.
Brian Irving
Richard Hollembeak
Kevin Rollins

Jeff Goforth
Brandon Derr

Graham

Wadesboro

Jefferson

Blounts Creek

Aulander
Fayetteville
Bolivia
Asheville

Concord
Lenoir

816

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES

CHAPTER TEN

County Contacts for the Libertarian Party of North Carolina (continued)

Caswell Brian Ewing Burlington

Catawba Vacant

Chatham Fred Blackburn

Cherokee Dan Eichenbaum Murphy

Chowan

John Sams

Tyner

Clay

Leigh Pinto

Hayesville

Cleveland

Tony Brown

Shelby

Columbus

Vacant

Craven

Brandon Pryor

Cumberland

Brian Irving

Fayetteville

Currituck

James Clark

Moyock

Davidson

Mike Smith

Winston-Salem

Davie

Vacant

Durham

Sean Haugh

Durham

Forsyth

Lee Wrights

Franklin

Gregg Adelman

Youngsville

Gaston

Vickie Filchuk

Belmont

Gates

John Sams

Tyner

Granville

Barbara & Tom Howe

Oxford

Guilford

Jeffrey Bentley

Greensboro

Halifax

Tom Eisenmenger

Roanoke Rapids

Harnett

Brian Irving

Fayetteville

Haywood

Jim Cole

Waynesville

Henderson

Richard George

Hoke

Brian Irving

Fayetteville

Iredell

Vacant

Lee

Jim Pitts

Sanford

Lincoln

David Roberson

Iron Station

Macon

Larry Gavel

Franklin

Mecklenburg

Carey Head

Charlotte

Moore

Craig Aldinger

Fayetteville

New Hanover

John Evans

Wilmington

Onslow

Tony Maitilasso

Jacksonville

Orange

Christopher Burleson

Mebane

Pamhco

Brandon Pryor

Havelock

817

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

County Contacts for the Libertarian Party of North Carolina (continued)

Pasquotank

John Sams

Tyner

Pender

Doug & Leslie Dixon

Watha

Perquimans

John Sams

Tyner

Person

Ted McDonald

Roxboro

Pitt

Mike Ruff

Greenville

Randolph

Viki Prevo

Asheboro

Richmond

David Muse

Hamlet

Robeson

Brian lr\ing

Fayetteville

Rockingham

Beverly Wilcox

Wentworth

Rowan

James Sechler

MooresviUe

Rutherford

Don Rich

Forest City

Sampson

W.L. Thompson

Faison

Stokes

James Lentz

Walnut Cove

Surry

Vacant

Swain

Vacant

Transylvania

Brian Cioni

Pisgah Forest

Union

Alan Light

Wadesboro

Vance

Barbara & Tom Howe

Oxford

Wake

Casey Gardner

Raleigh

Watauga

Don Boyer

Blowing Rock

Wayne

Mike Todaro

Goldsboro

Wilkes

Tom Tomlinson

North Wilkesboro

Wilson

Douglas J. Ellis

Elm City

Yadkin

Hugh Goforth

Hamptonville

Yancey

Barrv Williams

Burnsville

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

2002 Republican Party of North Carolina Platform

(As Adopted on May 31, 2002)

Preamble

We, the members of the North CaroUna Republican Party, proclaim that
our Party represents the views of the majority of North CaroUnians.

The North CaroHna Repubhcan Party believes in the power and freedom
of individuals and we oppose all efforts to replace that power with
governmental control.

We understand our nation was founded on faith in God, in family, in
country and in freedom for all. We believe all efforts to modify or
replace these core values erode the foundations of our society for future
generations.

We recognize the United States is a democratic republic governed by
elected representatives charged with honoring the original meaning and
j authority of the U.S. Constitution, and with protecting the inalienable
rights of the American people as stated in the Bill of Rights.

j The Republican Party is strong, principled and conservative and we
believe it is the party that should lead the state of North Carolina. We
want to represent every facet of American society, not by patronage but
by principle, and not by dividing interests but by serving the good of all.

i Membership in the North Carolina Republican Party is open to all
citizens residing in our state who share the core values and beliefs
expressesed in this our Party platform.

We believe the promise of America is as true today as ever, and we
recognize a duty to reach out and include all who share our values and
jj convictions, making a special effort to welcome and involve those from
groups not traditionally associated with our Party.

■I

Family

We believe national renewal starts with the family. The family is where each
new generation gains its moral anchor. It is the first school of good citizenship, the
engine of economic progress, and a haven of security and understanding in an ever-
changing world.

Republicans believe a two-parent family, where a husband and wife live in
harmony in one home, provides the ideal environment for raising children and is
the best model for family life. We praise courageous efforts of single parents who
work hard to provide stable homes, and we recognize single parents often succeed
and two-parent families sometimes fail. But noble efforts by single parents do not
alter our belief that two-parent families are best. We, therefore, oppose liberal efforts

819

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

to redefine the traditional family structure and offer the Republican Party as a refuge
for everyone concerned about the breakdown of family life in America.

We believe homosexuality is not normal and should not be made an acceptable
"alternative'' lifestyle either in public education or m public policy We oppose special ;
treatment by law based on nothing other than homosexual behavior or identity We
therefore oppose actions, such as "marriage" or the adoption of children by same-
sex couples, which allcmj^i to legitimize and normalize homosexual relationships.
We support the Defense of Marriage Act. We also stand united with private ,
organizations, such as the Boy Scouts, who defend moral decency and freedom i
according to their own long held and well established traditions and beliefs. !

Today many children do not live m loving families free of abuse, and this must ;
change. Go\'ernment cannot legislate family lox'e and compassion and should not i
preempt parental responsibility for children. But we also believe parents should
not abuse children and support laws that balance parental rights with a child's right
to life. We also urge strong support for religious and community-based initiatives
in the private sector that seek to promote healthy, nurturing families or that work to !
restore and rebuild dysfunctional families. '

Economic Policy

The North Carolina Republican Party believes the private enterprise system is
both the most effective and most ]ust economic system knowm to man. Economic i
freedom is essential to human liberty and denying economic freedom goes against i
individual human dignity as well as the general social economic welfare.

Government ought to provide an unencumbered environment for individual i
initiative and private enterprise that together create jobs and raise personal income.
Government regulation and taxation reduce and redistribute income rather than ■
create it. We, therefore, support efforts to beneht all by rolling back the welfare state
and removing the burden of excessive taxation. We also oppose needless bureaucratic
rules and regulations that burden private enterprise and hamper economic growth.

Jobs and personal income both grow with expanding capital and never grow
without it. Taxing capital gams takes awa\' better job opportunities and better pay
from working families. We, therefore, urge eliminating the capital gains tax.

We urge repeal of all laws that place an unfair tax burden on families. We urge ;
Congress to speed complete removal of the "marriage penalty" m the tax code that ,,
forces married couples to pay higher taxes than unmarried individuals living together,
to speed raising the "child tax credit" to $1,000 per child, and to repeal the "death;
tax" because it taxes family assets already taxed once before. j

We believe the hard-working citizens of North Carolina pay taxes to local, state,
and federal governments that exceed what is necessaiy or just. Currently we are the !
highest taxed state per capita m the southeastern portion of the United States. We !

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

support any and all efforts to relieve this excessive tax burden, and we strongly
endorse the principles contained within the Taxpayer Protection Act.

Republicans believe the best way to promote economic growth is to reduce the
overall tax burden on North Carolina's businesses and individuals. It is unfair to
recruit out-of-state business with tax incentives when North Carolina-owned
busmesses must bear the burden of full taxation.

We believe that when economic times are hard, government must, like private
citizens, tighten its belt. Pork barrel spending is never right, and raising taxes to
provide preferential treatment for some over others is especially repulsive when
citizens are struggling to make ends meet during times of economic recession.

Individual Liberty

The Republican Party of North Carolina supports and believes the vision for
America established by our nations founders — the authors of the Declaration of
Independence, of the U. S. Constitution, and of the Bill of Rights.

Our forefathers gave individuals four ways to protect themselves against the
power of the state: (1) the soapbox (freedom of speech); (2) the ballot box (the
right to vote); (3) the jur}' box (trial by peers); and (4) the cartridge box (right to
bear arms). The Republican Party stands against efforts to erode these methods of
self-preserv'ation.

We urge the U. S. Congress and the N. C. General Assembly both to pass
legislation ending the ever increasing, incessant and calculated collection and
dissemination of personal information on law-abiding citizens. We believe cataloging
and cross-indexing personal information like hngerprints. Social Security numbers
and financial credit by agencies of government and businesses — completely unrelated
to criminal activity — is contrary and destructive to our individual and collective
freedom and privacy.

We believe that the state must not control or interfere with our freedom of
religion and the voluntary expression thereof. We oppose efforts to remove every
mention of God from our schools.

Individual liberty and redistribution of wealth by coercion of law are simply
not compatible, and we oppose restricting the former for the sake of the latter.

Republicans believe in equal opportunity and impartial treatment before the
law regardless of wealth, social status, race or gender. We believe government must
vigorously enforce individual civil rights guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution and
by the Constitution of the State of North Carolina.

We believe government should treat all citizens fairly and should assure equal
opportunity for all without regard to race, religion, or national origin. We oppose
all forms of invidious discrimination. We also oppose efforts to include sexual

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

orientation as a categor)- for preferential treatment status under civil rights statutes
at any level of government.

We are committed to always be a conservative voice for citizens who want to
guard the rights, liberties and values on which this great nation was founded.

We strongly support the Second Amendment of the U. S. Constitution that
guarantees the right of free citizens to bear arms for any lawful activity. Therefore,
we oppose any government effort to restrict the ownership, sale, purchase and
"lawful carr)'" of firearms by law-abiding citizens.

Sanctity of Life

The North Carolina Republican Party believes strongly m the sanctity of all
human life.

We believe unborn children have constitutional rights to life and liberty and,
therefore, urge the Supreme Court to overturn its decision on Roe vs. Wade. We
stand with the overwhelming majority of Americans who oppose efforts to mandate
legahzed abortion or to fund local, national, or international organizations that
provide or promote abortion services. We also oppose the idea that abortion is ever
an acceptable method of birth control.

We oppose the heinous procedure known as '^partial-birth abortion," and urge
the North Carolina General Assembly to pass legislation prohibiting this procedure.
Furthermore, we urge members of the Republican Party of North Carolina to support
hnancially, or with in-kmd contributions, only those candidates or nominees who
support measures to end so called "partial-birth abortions."

We support and strongly encourage positive alternatives to abortion, such as
adoption. We believe biases against intact, caring families should be eliminated
from adoption lav/s and tax codes. We believe adoption needs to be encouraged
through sigmhcant tax credits, insurance reforms and legal reforms.

We oppose the erosion of parental rights and responsibilities by agents of the
state when it comes to pregnant minors still legally dependent on their parents. We
believe informed consent and parental consent should be prerequisite for any minor
receiving family-planning services.

We support all developments m biomedical research and technology that enhance \
and protect human life. But we oppose any new development that does not treat all '
human life as a precious gift of God, or that does not treat every individual human ;
life as a locus of unique and irreplaceable dignity no matter how weak, immature or !
dependent.

We oppose all procedures m research of medicine that involve the intentional ■;
destruction of innocent human life except to save a mothers life. We also oppose j
the cloning of whole human beings, the use of human embryos in research for

822

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

purposes other than advancing their own health and safety, as well as all forms of
active euthanasia.

We urge the recruitment and support of candidates who will work hard to
protect all innocent human life.

State Goxemtnent

i The North Carolina Republican Party encourages our state legislature to be

efficient, effective, and responsive to the people in keeping with the spirit of self-

.igovernment by a citizen legislature. We believe the General Assembly should be a

I part-time citizen legislature and should not become a year-round preserve for full time

professional politicians.

We believe legislative session limits must be accompanied by measures to
iiensure all policy decisions are made by elected legislators and are never made by
:unelected state employees.

We believe government should encourage citizens to pursue happiness through
! honest, hard work and should not be in the business of subverting the rewards of
jhonest labor. Therefore, we oppose any expansion of legally sanctioned gambling
; including a state lottery.

We believe a state letter)' turns government into a bookie, succeeds only on the

i basis of false advertising, capitalizes on broken dreams and personal irresponsibility,

land places the burden of taxation most heavily on those who are least able to afford

'it. Our state receives more than enough money from its citizens and has no warrant

to even consider state-supported gambling.

We oppose passing unfounded mandates at any level of government. We support
needed programs, but we call on government bodies to fully fund all programs
J they establish or require.

Election Laws

\ The ballot box is the only true protection citizens have against tyrannical abuse
I of power by the state. The Democratic Party has used corrupt practices that deny the

majority of North Carolinians the honest representation they deserve. Unable to
jwin elections m a fair fight, they have relied upon franked mail, dividing special
iinterests, calling special elections, gerrymandering and manipulation of voter

registration laws.

! We believe requiring voter identification when voting is one very important
jway to protect against voter fraud. The 1993 National Voters Registration Act was
lenormously damaging to the integrity of voting laws in North Carolina. We,

therefore, seek the immediate repeal of what are known as the "motor voter" laws.

In particular, we urge the N. C. General Assembly to pass legislation requiring
1 registered voters to produce photo identification before voting.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

We believe voters should select government officials and government officials
should not select voters. We, therefore, support reasonable, compact, congressional
districts and legitimate single-member legislative districts that do not split counties
as is specified in the North Carolina State Constitution.

We recognize the independence of the judicial branch of government, and
oppose attempts to breach that independence by plans to appoint state judges rather
than elect them. The right to control our state judiciary through regular, direct
elections is one ot our most valuable rights.

We belicN'e the voters of North Carolina will make the right choice at the ballot
bo.x when they have full and timely information on candidates' campaign finances
as reciuired in the Full Disclosure Act. Proper reporting is the answer to campaign
finance reform, not public funding.

We support the rights of referendum, recall and initiative whether in reference
to statutes or changes to our state constitution. Current ballot-access laws m North
Carolina are meant to limit debate. These laws must be eased to ensure greater
citizen participation and influence. The Republican Party is not afraid of the peoples
voice.

Education

The Republican Party of North Carolina believes strongly m the value of
maintaining a good system of public education. We also believe good public!
education is impossible unless parents, not the state, have control over where their I
children will be educated.

We believe education reform must be real and therefore oppose posturing that;
never achieves results. So, because choice and competition have served the state ^
well m higher education, we believe choice and competition should be used to;
improve public education at primary and secondaiy levels as well, and we oppose!
regulator)' attempts to deny learning options for our children. For these reasons, i
we support tuition tax credits for pubUc, private or religiously afflliated school, we;
support charter schools and parents who educate their children in "home schools,",
and we suppor lilting the cap limiting the number of charter schools. i

Our current system of top heavy, bureaucratic, centrally planned public education'
is failing to ensure the quality of education our children need and deserve. Therefore,;
in keeping with the Tenth Amendment, we support measures that separate North)
Carolina schools from the federal government. We support abolishing the federal]
Department of Education and keeping all education dollars from North Carolina to|
enhance the quality of public education in our own state — without going to maintainj
unneeded bureaucrats at the national level. j

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

Incremental change of this failing system, augmented by higher taxes, higher
spending, and smaller family budgets, while pretending to support reforms, will
not meet the needs of North Carolina's future citizens. Unless dramatic improvement
of student performance occurs, we will condemn our children to a dark age of low
hopes, low dreams, low skills, and low wages.

Real education reform means local control of curriculum, budget, textbook
selection and personnel in the public schools. For this reason, we support parents
and teachers who wish to create charter schools that compete for students by
convincing parents of the value of the education they offer; and we support zero-
based budgeting in all public school districts. For this reason, we also beheve
parents must have complete access to all information concerning curriculum and
activities used m educating their children, and we believe parents must have access
to all materials used for teacher development in the public school system.

j| Real reform must also include defining academic performance standards, cutting
administrative waste, and establishing part-time and alternative teacher certification.
,Our students must have the best possible academic teachers in the classroom, and
not just teachers who have teaching degrees.

We believe the students of North Carolina are better served through academic
achievement than by the ideological indoctrination inherent in outcome-based
education. We further believe all children should be able to read and write at grade
level and all high school graduates should be proficient at the twelfth grade level
rather than at the eighth grade level currently allowed by the state.

All schools, including public schools, should encourage patriotism and
knowledge of the traditional values of Western civiHzation upon which our republic
|is based. We oppose using tax dollars, or fees accessed on students at our public
universities, to fund liberal attempts at social engineering contrary to the foundations
on which our nation rests. We support daily recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance
in our schools, and we believe every classroom should display an American flag
and a copy of our national motto — "in God we trust."

Republicans oppose mandatory sex education in public schools and believe
sex education should not be included in any public school program without
obtaining prior approval from parents or guardians. Where sex education is included,
we support teaching abstinence until marriage as the expected norm for acceptable
sexual behavior.

We also oppose the provision of school-based social services, including school-
based clinics and mental health programs, which attempt to bypass parental authority
'' land responsibility.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Just as discourse on public policy relies on moral principles based on spiritual
convictions, so also learning must rely on moral principles supported by our deepest
convictions. We believe America must be neutral toward religion itself. But mindful
ol our country's judeo-Christian heritage and rich religious pluralism, we also
support the right o^ students to engage m voluntar}' prayer m school and the right
of others to pray as well at public occasions such as commencement exercises. We
also strongly support cc(ual access to school facilities.

Justice

One o( the first duties of government is maintaining law and order so that
citizens arc tree to pursue the blessings of life and liberty.

The crime rate is much too high, and law-abiding citizens often live in constant
fear of crime in their neighborhoods and schools. By better allocation of resources
and tax dollars, the state can insure the rights of innocent people and victims, as
well as the legitimate rights of the accused. We support the principle of victim
restitution. |

We believe the death penalty does deter crime. But we also believe crime calls i
for punishment that is directly proportional to the wrong perpetrated against its
victims and against the moral order. Therefore, we believe the death penalty is the
right punishment for premeditated murder, whether or not it serves to deter other
criminal acts. We call for legislation to restrict the time and number of endlessi
appeals that make a mockery of the law. j

Drug and alcohol abuse are major problems m North Carolina. We support
effective educational programs to address these problems. We call for stifferi
punishment for drunk or drug-impaired drivers. We oppose decriminalizing or^
legalizing drugs that are currently illegal. Drug users must face stiffer penalties for,;
contributing to the demand that makes the drug trade profitable. We applaud new,
laws that have lengthened prison terms for persons convicted of selling illegal drugs.

We are repulsed by the rise of gratuitous violence and pornography m literature.'
music and the electronic media. Therefore, we support mandatory labeling or
commercial products of this kind, and we oppose using tax dollars to suppori
these offensive materials. We also vigorously endorse constitutional laws to contro
obscene materials that degrade everyone or exploit anyone — particularly womer
and children. i

We endorse new laws that stiffen penalties for abducting, exploiting or abusing
children. We oppose domestic violence and spousal abuse. We support communit};
organizations that work with the justice system to provide efficient and effectiv(:
solutions for family members facing domestic violence and abuse.

826

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

We also support the construction of more military-style boot camp prison
facilities with less attention to inmate comfort and more direction toward security,
labor and education. Prison labor should be used for construction of the faciUties
when possible. All inmates should be required to work and pay for their mcarceration.

As more individuals have abandoned responsibility for their children, the cost
of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) to responsible citizens has
increased. We support efforts to force "dead-beat" parents to meet their financial
obligations.

We support tort reform, including the elimination of excessive punitive damages
and limits on medical malpractice awards. Out of control tort litigation is endangering
both the health and the economic welfare of North Carolina citizens.

? Environment

We affirm our continuing commitment to being responsible stewards of our
J God-given natural heritage that contributes so much to the quality of Hfe in North
' Carolina. In this spirit, Republicans believe we all have a duty to protect air quaUty,
water quality, productive forests and abundant wildlife.

In general, we believe extending and enforcing private property rights protects

the environment better than increasing government regulation. To the extent

; government regulation is needed, it should not proceed without first proving that

■ the ecological benefits of new regulations will be greater than all other social and
economic costs.

We believe when government takes the economic value of property by
environmental regulatory action, it should compensate landowners in proportion
to their loss. We also recognize that local economies and local levels of government

■ are both adversely affected when land is removed from the local tax base by
, environmental "set-asides" for conservation or easements.

National Policy

We fully support President George W Bush as he leads our war on terrorism.
The attack on our nation was reprehensible, and the only just answer is denying
safe harbor for terrorists anywhere they may hide. We support our troops in all
phases of the war against terrorism, because the freedom and security of all Americans
rests on their shoulders.

The most important responsibility of the federal government assigned in the U.
S. Constitution is "to provide a common defense" for the states and the nation. We
believe our borders must be made more secure and opposing "racial profiling" in
absolute terms is neither wise nor moral if imposed bUndly at the expense of national
security. We caution against raising unnecessary alarms, but we also believe it is the
duty of every citizen to be wary and to always remain vigilant for the sake of freedom.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

America's defense must come second to none. The Republican Party of North
CaroHna opposes any attempts to weaken our national defense. We support efforts
to: (1) restore the ban against known homosexuals in the military; (2) prevent
wonien irom being assigned to front-line combat roles; (3) restore the American
armed lorccs to full combat readiness; and (4) prohibit deployment of U. S. troops
under United Nations or any other k^-eign command.

We believe a "one workl" go\'ernment and a "one world" economy are threats to
the sovereignty of the United States. Furthermore, we oppose any foreign effort to
mllucnce our elections process and our ability to self-govern.

We l^elie\-e American participation m the United Nations, or any other form of
international cooperation, must never sacrifice the constitutional sovereignty of the
United States. Therefore, we oppose giving up U. S. freedom and independence to
any organization or agency claiming authority to impose and enforce global
regulations or standards upon the United States of America.

The North Carolina Republican Party recognizes the need for legally binding
treaties between nations, but we only support treaties that preserve American freedom ^
and independence and are consistent with semng the common good of our people. ^
Therefore, we strongly support efforts by President George W Bush to revise or .
withdraw from any treaty that compromises our constitutional sovereignty, that
undermines national defense, or that hinders American companies from competing .
internationally on a free market basis.

As Republicans, we support a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced
budget. We support spending cuts and tax reduction as the right means to balance
the federal budget and eliminate our national debt.

We support requiring individuals to work m return for public assistance. Because ,
citizens who work should be free to spend their money as they see ht, all spending
restrictions on workfare workers should be abolished. Advances m technology
now make it possible to administer gradual removal of weltare benehts so that one
can gain more from working m the private sector than staying m a workfare program.
Our nation needs to change from a welfare state to an opportunity society, and we
believe gradual withdrawal is the right approach.

We share President George W Bushs commitment to keep faith with both the
past and the future by saving Social Security. We oppose annual raids on the Social ,
Security trust funds, and we support protecting these funds by balancing the federal '
budget apart Irom Social Security reser\'es, which are all entirely dedicated toward
meeting future obhgations. We support innovative solutions offered by President
George W Bush that will strengthen Social Security by offering todays workers'
more choice and control over their own retirement security, but in ways that do not
harm anyone already on Social Security or anyone who is now close to being eligible ■'
for Social Security benefits. [

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

We believe all Americans need access to high quality healthcare at affordable
prices with a range of options from which they can choose what is best for their
own needs. We also believe government should do nothing to harm the quaUty of
healthcare in the private sector. Therefore, we support President George W Bush's
efforts to enhance available healthcare by balancing public policy with private sector
enterprise and personal responsibility.

We agree with President Bush that government actions on healthcare must always
complement and never supplant the private sector, always support and never hinder
individual and family responsibilities, and should always take the least intrusive
option. We support medical savings accounts as a good innovation because they
combine personal responsibility with access to affordable healthcare.

We believe the only honest and correct approach to the interpretation of our
constitution and laws requires keeping faith with their original intent. We call on
Congress, the President, and the courts to abide by the Tenth Amendments constraints
on federal power, and to oppose and reverse federal encroachments upon all powers
and rights the Constitution of the United States has reserved to the states, or to the
people.

Conclusion

As North Carolina Republicans, we are proud to be citizens of the United States
of America — a nation that has become the greatest in history because it is a nation
built on the promise of freedom and opportunity for all. We pledge eternal vigilance
'in guarding the freedoms and opportunities now enjoyed by every citizen of the
United States.

Uj We open the arms of the North Carolina Republican Party to welcome every
■citizen who shares the core beliefs and values stated in this our Party platform. We
iinvite all North Carolinians to join the ranks of the Republican Party of North
iCarolina, a mighty fortress for the conser\'ative values and vision that make us a
ination that is good as well as great.

May we always enjoy the heritage and bounties with which we are now so
inchly blessed m the state of North Carolina.

iFor more information on the North Carolina Republican Party:

N.C. Republican Party
'1506 Hillsborough St.
Raleigh, N.C. 27605

Phone: 919.828.6423 Fax: 919.899.3815

Or visit the party's web site at www.ncgop.org.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Republican Party Central Committee

Chairman

William W Cobey Jr.

Chapel Hill

Vice-Chair

Linda Daves

Charlotte

Committee Woman

Linda O. Shaw

Greensboro

Committee Man

Ferrell Blount

Greenville

Secretary

Joan A. Fleming

Lewisville

Treasurer

Steven B. Long

Raleigh

Legal Counsel

Haywood White, III

Wilmington

Finance Chair

K.D. Kennedy Jr.

Raleigh

Past Chairman

Samuel Currin

Raleigh

1st Chair

Ed Wharton

Goldsboro

Ind Chair

Linwood Parker

Four Oaks

3rd Chan-

James A. Beales

Elizabeth City

4th Chair

Robert H. Appleby

Durham

5th Chair

Becky Lowe Mullms

Wilkesboro

6th Chair

Elizabeth Kelly

Southern Pines

7th Chair

A. Dial Gray III

Whiteville

8th Chair

David C. Black

Midland

9th Chair

John Torbett

Stanley

10th Chair

Kathy Manship

Lenoir

11th Chair

David A. Saw)'er

Bryson City

12th Chair

David Faust

Lexington

13th Chan-

Robert L. Moseley Jr.

Raleigh

House Leader

Rep. Leo Daughtiy

Smithheld

Senate Leader

Sen. Patrick Ballantine

Wilmington

Joint Leader

Sen. Kenneth Moore

Lenoir

Chair County Cm

Robert E. Rector

Oxford

Chair Womens' Fed

Susan Mills

Fayetteville

Chair Mens' Fed

Douglas F Stewart, 111

Raleigh

Chair Young Republicans

Jason R. Saine

Denver

Chair College Repubhcans

Michael McKnight

Chapel Hill

Chair Teenage Republicans

Zack Clayton

Raleigh |

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NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

831

UNITE

United States Government

On April 24, 1778, the North Carolina General Assembly ratified the Articles
of Confederation, the first "Constitution" of the new United States. It proved to be
ineffective in holding the nation together. A decade later North Carolina was caught
up in a bitterly divisive contest over a second federal constitution. While North
Carolina's legislature had approved the Articles of Confederation with Uttle debate,
the Constitution engendered a two-year war of words before a constitutional
convention meeting in Fayetteville ratified it on November 21, 1789.

In 1777, debate over the nature of the Articles of Confederation m the Continental
Congress had been lackluster until the arrival of Thomas Burke, a delegate from
North Carolina. Burke was outraged by the draft version of the Articles of
Confederation, which he believed ceded too much authority to a national
government and reserved too little to the states.

He wrote back to Governor Richard Caswell '1t]hat the more experience 1 acquire,
the stronger is my conviction that unUmited power cannot be safely trusted to any
man, or set of men, on earth." Burke feared that the governmental structure established
in the Articles would allow power to coalesce around a small group of men removed
from the close supervision of their electorate. Burke instead argued convincingly
for a "constitution" that would secure state powers against encroachment by a national
government. Burke believed this balance of power would create "a firm league of
friendship" among the states.

Not quite a decade later, it was apparent to many in the former colonies that the
arrangement of power in the Continental Congress was not "firm" and was decidedly
lacking in "friendship." During the summer of 1787, delegates from twelve states,
including five representatives from North Carolina, assembled in Philadelphia to
write a new Constitution for the nation.

George Washington wrote a friend that it was his "wish . . . that the convention
may adopt no temporizing expedients, but probe the defects of the constitution to
the bottom, and provide a radical cure, whether they are agreed to or not." Many
leaders in the states and among the delegates attending the Philadelphia convention
agreed with Washington's sentiment. All were concerned that the nation's experiment
in republican democracy might collapse before it had an opportunity to succeed.
William Richardson Davie of North Carolina noted the "repeated and decisive proofs
of the total inefficiency of our general government."

STATES GOVERNMENT

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Most of the convention delegates assembled in Philadelphia agreed with General
Washington on the nations need for a "radical cure." From May 25 to September
17, 1787, delegates debated the requirements of a "more perfect union," always
fearful that the nation was teetering on the brink of anarchy and that their efforts
might not prove timely or radical enough to rescue the fruits of self-government
won during the American Revolution. The document that emerged from the
Philadelphia convention provided more scope for national inten'ention in the affairs
of the individual. At the same time, the proposed Constitution set limits on what
states might do and expanded the national governments abilities to establish
economic policy and carry it out.

The history behind the choices made during those four months in Philadelphia
reflects the rapid social, political and economic changes that swept the new nation
in Its hrst decade from the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, to the
summer of 1 787. Those choices presented the United States with the hrst opportunity
in history tor a people to take the future m their own hands and mold it to their
own ideas of liberty and freedom.

North Carolina Creates Its First Goxertiment

For the people of North Carolina, the experiment in self-government began
with the creation of their own state constitution m 1776. It was one thing to declare
oneself independent, however, and quite another to determine how best to use that
independence. In November, 1776, the citizens of Mecklenburg County issued a
series of instructions to their delegates to the North Carolina Provincial Congress.
The congress was slated to meet in Halifax to draft the states hrst constitution. The
instructions issued to the Mecklenburg representatives required them to try "to '
establish a free government under the authority of the people of the State of North
Carolina and that the government be a simple democracy or as near it as possible." '
The instructions also urged the Mecklenburg delegates to seek a bill of rights, a i
separation of powers provision and a supremacy clause in the final draft of the
constitution. Most important, the constitution should recognize that "[t]he principal!
supreme power is possessed by the people at large." Although the North Carolina!
constitution ratified on December 17-18, 1776, did not fully reflect the demands of:
the Mecklenburg delegation, it did recognize that political sovereignty rested:
ultimately in the people. It was prefaced, moreover, with a declaration securing to
citizens freedom of the press, assembly and religion, among other rights. J

North Carolina's constitution contrasted sharply with the Articles of;
Confederation. The latter had no bill of rights. It vested almost total sovereignty in;
the states and failed to clearly estabUsh the structure and powers of the new national:
government. The national government established by the Articles lacked both ani
executive and a judiciary branch (except in the limited area of admiralty law). i

834

NORTH CAROLINA POLITICAL PARTIES CHAPTER TEN

While North Carohna's state government was often ineffective and slow to
respond to the needs of the Revolution, it did pro\ade an adequate framework for
governance once the war ended. Some might complam — and many North Carolina
citizens at the time did — that the General Assembly was too quick to issue paper
money or place a moratormm on suits for debt. It was able, though, to provide
leadership and direction in reconstructing the states economy following the end of
the Revolution. The Continental Congress, in contrast, was hamstrung. Unable to
collect funds other than through loans or voluntary payment of requisitions from
the states, it could not effectively enforce the peace or make the states abide by the
terms of the peace treaty with Great Britain.

The Crisis of National Leadership

While the Continental Congress brought the war to a successful end, it could
not manage the peace. Contrary to the Treaty of Paris signed between the United
States and Great Britain in 1783, states still refused to honor outstanding debts to
English merchants or return land or pay compensation to loyalists whose properties
were confiscated during the Revolution.

These failures led the British to maintain troops on American territory and prevent
U.S. ships from carrying British products. Such international problems were
compounded by the inability of the Continental Congress to help resolve disputes
among the states. During the Revolution, Vermont had seceded from New Hampshire
and New York without approval from either state. Congress was unable to resolve
the conflict successfully, despite repeated pleas from Governor Clinton of New York
for help. Conflicts over boundaries also developed between Delaware and
Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, and North Carolina and Virginia. With the
partial exception of the dispute between Pennsylvania and Delaware, Congress failed
to broker agreements that would settle the conflicts.

Among the states there was also a growing concern over competition for
international trade. States that lacked adequate harbors — North Carolina among
them — were adversely affected by import duties imposed by other states. One
constant source of friction between individual states involved the use of interstate
waterways. These issues were further compounded by the security threats many
states faced on their western borders, where they were confronted by the hostile
English and Spanish empires, restive Native American tribes, as well as settlers
anxious to expand beyond the recognized limits of the nation.

In 1785, for example, the Continental Congress negotiated the Treaty of Hopewell
with the Cherokees. North Carolina, on behalf of its western interests, lodged an
official protest of the treaty "as containing several stipulations which infringe and
violate the legislative rights of the State." Such dual interpretations reinforced the
confusion of settlers over who actually exercised political authority in the western
region.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Earlier, a group of western North Carolina citizens in what is today Tennessee j
had assembled to clarify their relationship to the state of North Carolina and the ^
Continental Congress. The North Carolina General Assembly had ceded its western I
territories to the national government in 1784, an action it later tried to reverse. |
Anticipating statehood, the western citizens signed and ratified a constitution for
the new state of Franklin on December 17, 1784. Although they did so under the i
impression that they would soon be separated politically from North Carolina, !
they continued to assert their autonomy even alter North Carolina revoked the '
secession. The creation of the state of Franklin under the leadership of John Sevier, '
a Revolutionary war hero, signaled widespread dissatisfaction among settlers m the !
western regions with the way they had been treated by the easterners who dominated
the N.C. General Assembly. They felt themselves ignored and excluded from the i
benehts of representative government, yet forced to pay taxes to sustain that |
government, ,

Although dissatisfaction was widespread in North Carolina and in other states, i
not everyone felt the need for major revisions of the Articles of Confederation. \
Many states were emerging irom a post-war economic slump by the late 1780s. !
Harbors were filling and farm goods were reaching new price levels. By the eve of
the Philadelphia convention, many obser\'ers thought the states were well on the ■
road to political stability and economic prosperity. i

Many others, however, believed the individual states exerted too much influence '
over the national economy. A group of strong nationalists, including James Madison |
of Virginia, Alexander Hamilton of New York and James Wilson and Gouverneur
Morris of Pennsylvania, feared that the parochial economic concerns of the states i
would always outweigh the general economic welfare ot the nation. They instead
called for a unified and powerful national government to overcome the economic
provincialism fostered by the Articles of Confederation. ;

The hrst attempt to remedy some of the ills brought on by too much state
influence on the national economy came during the Mount Vernon Conference in
March of 1785. Meeting at the home of George Washington, delegates from Virginia
and Maryland sat together to discuss their mutual problems concerning harbor
facilities and interstate waterways. These representatives resolved to work together
to overcome conflicts on hshing rights, navigational safety, piracy and interstate
currency rates. Most importantly, the delegates identified the need for more states to i
participate m future discussions.

The Virginia House of Delegates, when it ratified the Mount Vernon Accord in
1786, also called for a second meeting to be held m AnnapoHs to discuss '^such
commercial regulations [as] may be necessary to their common interest and their
permanent harmony." The call went out to all the states to send delegates to attend,
this second meeting. In the end, only five states sent representatives to Annapolis,

836

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

for the meeting, which convened in September, 1786. North Carolina, Hke several
other states, had appointed delegates. Hugh WiUiamson, North CaroHna's
representative, apparently arrived in AnnapoUs the day the convention adjourned.

The lack of a quorum at the Annapolis convention frustrated attempts to resolve
the economic and political problems plaguing the new nation. The Annapolis
convention did, however, pass one significant measure — delegates agreed to
Alexander Hamilton's proposal to call for yet another meeting, this time in
Philadelphia. The convention of state representatives was to meet in May, 1787, "to
take into consideration the situation of the United States, to devise such further
provisions as shall appear to them necessary to render the constitution of the Federal
Government adequate to the existence of the Union. . ." The Confederation Congress
agreed to issue a call for a convention in Philadelphia and every state except Rhode
Island appointed delegations to attend.

North Carolina and the Constitution

Although the meeting was scheduled to begin on May 14, 1787, a quorum of

! seven states was not reached until May 25. James Iredell, one of North Carolina's

i leading attorneys, was concerned for the health of the fledgling nation and keenly

' aware of how North Carolina's society and economy had changed since the

Revolution. He felt that if the nationalists were to succeed in strengthening the

union, they needed to move promptly. Iredell, however, was in New Bern, not

, Philadelphia, on May 25. Why such a staunch advocate of changing the current

\ national political arrangement did not attend a convention clearly intended to do

just that is unknown. Regardless of his tardiness, however, Iredell took a

. commanding role in defending the new Constitution before the people of North

- Carolina four months later. Blessed with a quick pen and an insightful mind, Iredell

,' was a formidable proponent of a strengthened American union.

' Four years earlier, Iredell had been the anonymous author of a set of instructions
' to the Chowan County representatives in which he outlined the requirements for a
1 more effective state government within the context of a national union. He had then
1 called for payment of North Carolina's requisition to the Continental Congress;
stringent controls over the printing and redemption of the state's paper money;
prohibition of legislative intrusion into civil suits; better organization of the
administration of the state; an independent judiciary; and support of trade, commerce
and manufacturing. Many of these same issues faced the delegates from the states as
they met in Philadelphia to begin their deliberations.

Five North Carolina delegates eventually made their way to the convention. In
November, 1786, the North Carolina General Assembly selected five state leaders
to participate in the Philadelphia convention: Governor Richard Caswell, William
Richardson Davie, Willie Jones, Alexander Martin and Richard Dobbs Spaight. Jones
declined to attend, some said because it would then free him to oppose any changes

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 I

proposed by the Philadelphia conveniion. Governor Caswell also declined for !
reasons of health. He then appointed William Blount and Hugh Williamson to '
complete the North Carolina delegation. j

Richard Dobbs Spaight, first of North Carolina's delegation to reach Philadelphia, |

arrived at the convention on May 15, 1787. Spaight was also among the youngest '

and least experienced oi the delegates. He spoke little in the convention, but returned !

home an ardent federalist and supporter of the Constitution. He was one of three i

North Carolina delegates who remained at the convention long enough to sign the i

Constitution on September 17. i

William Richardson Davie was the second delegate to arrive m Philadelphia. '
With Hugh Williamson, Davie was the leading spokesman for North Carolina at !
the convention. An early advocate of both state and popular representation m the '
national legislature, Davie sat on the committee that drafted a compromise between
the Virginia plan, which based a states national representation on its population,
and the New Jersey plan, which relied upon the old Confederation formula of one |
state, one vote. The committee forged this first great compromise of the convention <
over the Fourth of July recess, supporting the idea of Roger Sherman oi Connecticut !
that representation m the House be based on population, while that of the Senate ,
reflect equal representation among the states. !

Davie was forced to leave the convention early to return to his law practice. ■
During the next two years of debate m North Carolina, Davies voice rang out as one
of the principal advocates of the Constitution. Of the five North Carolinians who '
participated in the Philadelphia convention, only he and Spaight also ser\'ed at the
hrst ratification convention in North Carolina. '

When the Philadelphia convention opened on May 25, 1787, two more North
Carolina delegates were in attendance; Hugh Williamson and Alexander Martin.
Both settled into the Indian Queen Inn, where James Madison, George Mason,
Alexander Hamilton and other leading delegates were lodged. William Pierce of
Georgia, who wrote brief character sketches of the delegates, characterized Williamson '.
as "a worthy man, of some abilities, and fortune," although public speaking was
apparently not among those abilities. Williamson, however, still contributed his
share to the debates. He served on the committee that recommended the initial
number of representatives in the House for each state and it was Williamson who ;
proposed a decennial census to determine changes m representation, a practice J
subsequently adopted and followed to this day Williamson was also greatly ^
concerned with the powers and limitations of the executive branch. He feared a !
single executive and thought that the executive should serve only one term, j
Williamson spoke m favor of limited executive veto. Both Williamson and Davie
expressed strong approval of an impeachment process, Williamson believing that ;
impeachment was ''an essential security for the good behavior of the Executive." i

838

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Near the close of the convention, Wilhamson pubUshed a series of essays under

the pseudonym "Sylvius." Although authored before the convention, their contents

spoke directly to some of the major concerns about a strong national government.

': He outlined the need for a strong national government to take command of the

' economy and foreign affairs, as well as expounded upon the ills created by a paper

money economy.

Williamson was the second of North Carolina's delegates to sign the Constitution.
He did not attend the first ratification convention in Hillsborough in July, 1788,
opting instead to attend the Continental Congress in order to protect the states
interests. He remained there even after the new government was formed in the spring
of 1789 without North Carolina's official participation, returning only to take part
in the Fayetteville convention in November, 1789.

Alexander Martin, the fourth of the state's delegates, was a former governor of
; North Carolina and a general during the American Revolution. Judged a moderate
: and practical politician, Martin stood midstream between the federalist and
antifederalist camps in North Carolina. A fellow delegate of Martin's described, rather
tartly, his contribution to the convention: "The great exertions of political wisdom
in our late Governor, while he sat at the helm of our State, have so exhausted his
fund, that time must be required to enable him again to exert his abilities to the
advantage of the nation." Martin ultimately contributed little to the discussions on
the new Constitution. Like Davie, he was unable to stay to the close of the convention.

The last of North Carolina's delegation to arrive in Philadelphia was William

Blount, who reached the convention on June 20, 1787. He had been involved in

representing North Carolina's interests in the Continental Congress meeting in New

York. Although he took no part in the debates at Philadelphia, he was there to sign

, the document — the third of the state's signers. Blount was not elected to the

;, convention at Hillsborough, but was involved in the ratification convention at

; Fayette\'ille, where he may have played a key role in securing the necessary votes for

the Constitution m 1789.

j The Philadelphia convention's final product received a chilly response in North
1 Carolina. A long battle began with leading federalists Uke Iredell and Archibald

Maclaine of Wilmington preparing lengthy defenses of the Constitution. In a series

of essays published in January, 1788, under the name "Marcus," James Iredell sought
' to refute the criticisms of George Mason. Mason's attack on the Constitution was

especially threatening since he had been at the convention — where he refused to
; sign the Constitution — and was vvddely respected for his disinterested dedication

to the new nation. Mason opposed the Constitution on numerous grounds,

principally its lack of a bill of rights.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Iredell responded to each point of Masons attack, examining why the
Constitution did not need a bill of rights; why it was representative of the people;
why the Senate could amend money bills; why the country needed a national
judiciary; and why the Constitution proposed a single executive without a
constitutional council. While his refutation of Masons objections proved thoughtful j
and measured m tone, other defenders of the Constitution were less willing to |
adopt a dispassionate, reasoned argument. Archibald Madame was particularly !
vitriolic, referring to ihe Constitutions opponents as "petty tyrants." '

The principal confrontation of ideas and interests came, naturally, during the ,
Hillsborough convention held from July 21 to August 4, 1788. The convention:
should have been somewhat anticlimactic, starting as it did after ten states had
already ratihcd the Constitution and thus assured the formation of a new national \
government under its auspices. The imminent inauguration of a new national .
government, however, did not deter a majority of the Hillsborough convention i
from rejecting the Constitution by a 184-83 vote. Two issues stood out above all !
others in the attack on the Constitution — the lack of a bill of rights and concerns i
that the new national arrangement vested too much authority m a distant government, i
Thomas Burkes suspicions of centralized government remained potently alive m a i
North Carolina where memories of the bloodshed and agony required to escape '
the control of a distant colonial government were recent. ;

Wilhe Jones of Halifax, Samuel Spencer of Anson, Thomas Person of Granville, i
David Caldwell of Guilford and William Lenoir of Wilkes led the opposition to the i
Constitution at the Hillsborough convention. There was, however, little unity among
the opponents. Some like Samuel Spencer were most concerned about the loss of,
authority for the states. As one of the three highest judges in North Carolina, Spencer
appeared especially concerned at the prospect of his authority being overshadowed ;
by a federal judiciary David Caldwell provides a notable contrast to Spencer. A
Presbyterian minister renowned for the school he operated m Guilford County,
Caldwell objected to the lack of a fundamental philosophical framework through
which Americans might accurately judge the Constitution. Willie Jones seemed
concerned, along with many others, about the danger of removing power so far i
away from the people without, in turn, safeguarding their interests with a bill of
rights.

The federalists, though not in the majority at the Hillsborough convention,;
suffered none of these hssures of opinion. They prepared admirably for the event,'
anticipating the arguments that opponents of the Constitution would make and ;
practicing their own responses. James Iredell took on the role of theorist and'
Governor Samuel Johnston acted as a peacemaker, while Archibald Madame and '
William R. Davie played the proverbial "loose cannons" at the convention. Yet,
despite all the federalists could say, m and out of convention, the Constitution was •
doomed to defeat from the outset.

840

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Ratification waited another fifteen months, coming only in November, 1789, at

Fayetteville on a vote of 194-77. Historians know quite a bit about the Hillsborough

convention because James Iredell and Samuel Johnston hired a secretary' to record

the debates. Nothing like that was done for the Fayetteville convention, however.

This gap in the historical record renders subsequent explanations of why sentiment

among the delegates shifted so dramatically in a year's time far more conjectural.

The decision by the U.S. Congress to present a bill of rights to the states for ratihcation

may well have paved the way for North Carolina s decision to join the Union. Fear

of being left outside the Union — and m a subsequently precarious position when

it came to trade and commerce — may also have convinced the delegates at

Fayetteville to approve the Constitution. George Washington's election as president

probably dampened fears of an overmighty chief executive. Whatever the reason,

Uhe convention took only seven days to ratify and report out their vote. One month

[later. North Carolina became the second state to ratify the Bill of Rights. The legacy

' of the Constitutional debates in North Carolma fostered a lasting appreciation among

. the state's citizens of the role of popular discussion m settling critical issues and

' how political power may be rationally — and peacefully — balanced between the

i nation, the states and the people.

j N.C Signers of the U.S. Constitution

William Blount

I William Blount was born on March 26,

1749, in Bertie County. He became a leading

businessman with his brother, John Grey Blount,
{after Independence. His heavy financial
■speculation and questionable business activities
■ m the western territories, however, created
i enormous problems for him later in Ufe.

Blount was first elected to the General
j Assembly in 1780 as a town representative from
I New Bern. He was elected to the Continental

Congress meeting in Philadelphia in 1782, 1783

and 1784. He returned to North Carolina to

represent Craven County in 1783, 1784 and

1784-85. He was elected Speaker of the House

during the latter session.

On March 14, 1787, Blount was elected as one of the state's delegates to the
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. In 1789, he served at the state convention
in Fayetteville and voted for ratification of the newly-written Constitution. Blount
I then returned to the state legislature, serving in the Senate in 1788 and 1789.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

On August 17, 1790, Blount was appointed governor of the territories south of
the Ohio River. The appointment gave Blount nearly autocratic authority m the
territories. In 1791, he helped negotiate the Treaty of Holston, which resulted in
the Cherokee Indians ceding a large portion of their homeland to the United States,
much ot it already occupied by whites. In 1794, when the population in the western
territories grew large enough to call a territorial assembly, a bill was passed
establishing Blount College (a forerunner of the University of Tennessee).

On July 8, 1797, while serving as one of Tennessee's first two United States
Senators, Blount was expelled from the Senate for what was known as Blount's!
Conspiracy. A rumor that Spam planned to cede New Orleans and Louisiana to!
France ignited concern in the U.S. that the move would deny America's right to the
Mississippi River. Blount took charge of a plan already underway to recruit I
frontiersmen and Indians for a war against Great Britain to seize the Mississippi
basin, (Great Britain was bound by the Peace Treaty of 1783 to permit free navigation'
of the Mississippi River to the United States and France.)

President John Adams obtained a letter, written by Blount, outlmmg plans for'
the v^-ar. In July, 1797, he turned the letter over to Congress. Blount's expulsion!
swiftly followed. On December 17, 1797, the House of Representatives opened:
Blount's impeachment trial, the hrst such legal proceeding in United States history!
In 1799, the impeachment proceedings were dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. The;
people of Tennessee still had faith in Blount, however, electing him to the State'
Senate m 1798, where he was elected speaker. He died m Tennessee in 1800. i

Richard Dohbs Spaight, Sr. |

Richard Dobbs Spaight, Sr., the first native-
born governor of North Carolina, was born m
New Bern on March 25, 1758, to Richard and
Ehzabeth 'Wilson Spaight. He studied abroad,
finishing his education at the University of
Glasgow in Scotland. After returning to America,
Spaight served briefly in the Revolution as
miUtary aide-de-camp to General Richard Caswell.

Spaight ser\'ed in the House of Commons as
a town representative trom New Bern m the
assemblies of 1779, 1781, 1782 and 1783. In
1783 his seat was declared vacant following his
election to the Confederation Congress. On
December 13, 1783, Spaight took his seat at the
Congress in Annapolis. He also served as a
delegate to the 1784 Congress in New York City

842

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER ELEVEN

Spaight returned to the N.C. General Assembly in 1785, representing Craven
County in the House of Commons, where he was elected speaker. He continued
his legislative ser\ace in the assemblies of 1786-87 and 1787. He was elected as
one of North Carolina's representatives to the federal convention in Philadelphia,
arriving there on May 15, 1787. He was the first North Carolina delegate to arrive,
staying long enough to be one of the signers of the Constitution. After the
Philadelphia meeting he returned to North Carolina and attended the state convention
in Hillsborough.

Spaight ser\'ed in the General Assembly of 1792 as the town representative

'from New Bern, but resigned following his election as governor on December 11,

1792. Re-elected governor twice, he served one final term in the General Assembly

as a state senator in 1801. In 1798, Spaight was elected to the 5th United States

jCongress as a member of the House of Representatives following the death of

j Congressman Nathan Bryan on June 4. He was elected to the 6th Congress, but

was defeated for re-election to a third term by John Stanly.

The political differences between Spaight and Stanly fueled a bitter personal
^rivalry An acrimonious argument over one of these differences led Stanly to challenge
! Spaight to a duel. On September 5, 1802, Stanly s fourth discharge mortally wounded
[Spaight, who died the next day Criminal proceedings against Stanly began, but he
'applied to the governor and was granted pardon. Public outrage over the pardon
^prompted the General Assembly to pass a law making any participant m a duel
ineligible for any ofhce of "trust, honor, or profit."

Hugh Williamson

I Hugh Williamson was born in Chester

'County, Pennsylvania, on December 5, 1735. A

.'doctor, natural scientist, preacher, merchant and

politician, the versatile Williamson was frequently

called the "Ben Franklin of North Carolina."

Graduating in the first class from the College of

Philadelphia (later the University of

Pennsylvania), Williamson went to Connecticut

to study theology. After two years he left the

ministry to be a math professor. While teaching,

he became interested in medicine, which led him

to the University of Edinburgh and studies in

London and Utrecht. His poor physical condition

led him to contract a fever from one of his

patients, abruptly ending his formal career in

jmedicine. His scientific interests and reputation resulted in his appointment as a

commissioner to study the transit of Venus Qune 3, 1769), and Mercury (November

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843

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

9, 1769). Aftenvards, he published "An Essay on Comets," for which the University
of Leyden awarded him an LL.D. degree.

Williamson was an eyewitness to the Boston Tea Party and was the first to carry
the news to England. He predicted the colonies' revolt and learned of the Declaration
of Independence while he was in Holland. Upon returning to America, he offered
his medical services to Governor Caswell and was sent to New Bern to vaccinate
troops against smallpox. He crossed British lines to treat American prisoners of
war, as well as the British. Williamsons work made him a pioneer advocate of
inoculation against diseases.

Williamson was a town representative for Edenton m the General Assembly of
1782. On May 3, his seat was declared vacant following his election to the;
Continental Congress in Philadelphia. Williamson took his seat on July 19, 1782.1
Along with Thomas Jefferson, he was one of only two southern delegates who|
voted in favor of excluding slavery from the Western Lands Ordinance of 1784. j

Williamson returned to the House of Commons m 1785, representing Chowanj
County. In 1787, Governor Caswell appointed him to replace Willie Jones at the!
Constitutional Convention m Philadelphia. WiUiamson arrived m time for its start!
and attended the entire convention. He also attended the 1789 state convention irj
Fayetteville, where delegates finally ratified the Constitution.

Williamson spent the last years of his political career m Congress. He ser\'ed in:
the United States House of Representatives as a representative from the Edenton and,
New Bern district from 1789-1793. Williamson then retired to New York City He'
wrote one of the nations hrst ecological histories in his two-volume study of North
Carolina s early history, published m 1812. The extraordinary North Carolinian.

died m 1819. j

844

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Constitution of the United States

Preamble

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect
Union, estabhsh justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the
common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings
of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this
Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I

; Section 1 . All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of
i the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
ISect. 2-1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen
lever)' second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State
: shall have the quahfications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch
of the State Legislature.

2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of
I twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who
1 shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the State in which he shall be chosen.

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States

which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers,
which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons,
including those bound to service for a term of years and excluding Indians not
taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made
within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States,
and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by
law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty
thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such
enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to
choose 3; Massachusetts, 8; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1;
Connecticut, 5; New York, 6; New Jersey 4; Pennsylvania, 8; Delaware, 1;
Maryland, 6; Virginia, 10; North Carolina, 5; South Carolina, 5; and Georgia,
3.1

4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State the Executive

Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and

shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Sec. 3-1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from
each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; and each Senator shall
have one vote. ^

845

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, I
they shall be divided as equally as may be mto three classes. The seats of the j
Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of!
the second class at the expiration of the fourth year; and of the third class at the i
expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year,
and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the
Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments
until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. ^

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall have not attained to the age of thirty;
years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not,!
when elected, he an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. ;

4. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but I
shall ha\'e no vote, unless they be equally divided. '

5. The Senate shall choose their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore,!
m the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of the!
President of the United States. i

6. The Senate shall have the sole power to tiy all impeachments. V/hen sitting fori
that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of thej
United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside; and no person shall bej
con\icted without the Concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.

7. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal;
Irom ofhce, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or'
profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be!
liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to
law.

Sec. 4-1. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and
Representatives shall be prescribed m each State by the Legislature thereof, but
the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to
the places of choosing Senators.
2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall'

be on the hrst Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different

day.

Sec. 5-1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a '

quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and ;
may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner :
and under such penalties as each House may provide. !

846

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for
disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.

3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time
publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy;
and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at
the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of
the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in
which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Sec. 6-1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their
services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United
[States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be
privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective
'•Houses, and in gomg to and returning from the same; and for any speech or
debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place.
12. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected,
be appointed to any cml office under the authority of the United States which
shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased
during such time; and no persons holding any office under the United States
shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.

I Sec. 7-1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of

1 Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on

I other bills.

U. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate
shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States;
if he approves, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections,
to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections

I at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration
two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent together

I with the objectives, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered,

' and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all
such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and
the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered in the
journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the
President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented
to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the
Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be
a law.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and
House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment)
shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the same
shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall
be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according
to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

Sec. 8. The Congress shall have the power:

1 . To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide \
for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, i
imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States. i

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States; j

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and;
with the Indian tribes; ,

4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject:
of bankruptcies throughout the United States; I

5. To com money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign com, and hx thej

standards of weights and measures; i

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coinj
of the United States; !

7. To establish post ofhces and postroads;

8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing, for limited-
times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writingS|
and discoveries; •

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; i

10. To dehne and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and,
offenses against the law of nations; ;

11. To declare war, grant letters of marc[ue and reprisal, and make rules concernmgi
captures on land and water; i

12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall
be for a longer term than two vears;

13. To provide and maintain a navy; 1

14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress!
insurrections, and repel invasions; ,

848

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing
such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving
to the State respectively the appointment of the officers and the authority of
training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States and the
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of Government of the United States,
and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the

I Legislature of the State, in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts,
magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings; — and

il8. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution
the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the
Government of the United States, or any department or officer thereof.

;Sec. 9-1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now
[existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress
■prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be
imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.
!2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when
in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

i'3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

i4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census
' or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. "^

\5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State.

6. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the
ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from,
one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

' 7 . No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of appropriations
made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures
of all public money shall be published from time to time.

8. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States; and no person holding
any office or profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress,
accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from
any King, Prince, or foreign State.

Sec. 10-1. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant
letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything
I but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder;
ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title
of nobility

849

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2. No Siaie shall, wiihoul ihe consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties
on imports or exports except what may be absolutely necessar}' for executing
its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imports, laid by any '
State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United j
States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the i
Congress. |

3. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep i
troops, or ships of war m lime o^ peace, enter into any agreement or compact
with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage m war, unless actually I
invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit delay. :

Article U

Section 1-1. The executive power shall be vested m a President of the United j

States of America. He shall hold his ofhce during the term of four years, and, [

together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:

2. Hach State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a .
number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators aird Representatives
to which the State may be entitled m the Congress; but no Senator or
Representative or person holding an ofhce of trust or proht under the United
States shall be appointed an elector.

3. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two
persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with
themselves. And they shall make a list ot all the persons voted for, and oi the
number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit,
sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President
of the Senate. The President ol the Senate shall, m the presence of the Senate and
House of Representatives open all the certihcates, and the votes shall then be
counted. The person ha\'ing the greatest number of votes shall be the President,
if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if
there be more than one who have such majority; and have an equal number of
votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot
one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the hve
highest on the list the said House shall m like manner choose the President.
But m choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation
from each State having one vote; a quorum, for this purpose, shall consist of a
member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the
States shall be necessary to a choice. In eveiy case, after the choice of the President,
the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice
President. But if there shall remain two or more who have equal votes, the
Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President. ^

850

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors and the day on
which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the
United States.

5. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the
time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the offtce of
President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have
attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within
the United States.

6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation
or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall
devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the
case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice
President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer
shall act accordingly until the disabiUty be removed, or a President shall be
elected.

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation
which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which
he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other
emolument from the United States, or any of them.

8. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath
or affirmation:

'T do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of
President of the United States, and will, to the best of my abihty, preserve,
protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States."

*This clause is superseded by Article Xll, Amendments.

Sec. 2-1. The President shall be Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of
the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the
actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the
principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating
to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have the power to grant
reprieves, and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of
impeachment.

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make
treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall
nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint
ambassadors, other pubfic ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court,
and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein
otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress
may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper
in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.

851

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

3. The President shall have power lo fill up all vacancies ihat may happen during
the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end
of their next session.

Section 3. He shall from time lo time give to the Congress information of the
State ol the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he
shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene
both Houses, or either ol them, and in case of disagreement between them with
respect lo ihe lime of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall
think proper; he shall receix'c ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall
lake care that the laws be (aithfully executed, and shall commission all the ofticers
of the United States.

Sec. 4. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall
be remtned from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or
other high crimes and misdemeanors.

Aiticle III

Sectitin 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested m one Supreme
Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain
and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold
their ofhces during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their
ser\ices a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance
in office.

Sec. 2-1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, m law and equity arising
under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or
which shall be made, under their authority; — to all cases affecting ambassadors,
other public ministers and consuls; — to all cases of admiralty and maritime
jurisdiction; — to controversies to which the United States shall be a party; — to
controversies between two or more States; — between citizens of the same State,
claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens
thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and
those m which a State shall be a party the Supreme Court shall have original
jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned the Supreme Court shall
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and
under such regulations as the Congress shall make.

3. The trial of all crimes, except m cases of impeachment, shall be by jury and
such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been
committed; but when not committed within any State the trial shall be at such
place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.

Sec. 3-1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in knymg war
against them, or m adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No

852

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

, person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to
the same overt act, or on confession in open court.
2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no

attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during

the life of the person attainted.

Article IV

Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the pubUc acts,
records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by
general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings
shall be proved, and the effect thereof.

Sec. 2-1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and
immunities of citizens in the several States.

2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall
flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Executive
authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the
State having jurisdiction of the crime.

3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping
into another, shafl, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged
from such service or labor, but shall be delivered upon claim of the party to
whom such service or labor may be due.

Sec. 3-1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no
new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State;
nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States,
without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the
Congress.

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and
regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United
States; and nothing in this Constitution shafl be so construed as to prejudice
any claims of the United States or of any particular State.

Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican
form of government, and shafl protect each of them against invasion, and, on
application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be
convened), against domestic violence.

Article V

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall
propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the
Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall cafl a convention for
proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to afl intents and
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratifled by the Legislatures of three-
fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the

853

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand
eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in
the Ninth Section of the First Article; and that no State, without its consent, shall
be deprived of its eciual suffrage in the Senate.

Article M

1 . All debts cciniracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this
Constitution, shall be as \'alid against the United States under this Constitution,
as under the Confederation.

2. This Constitution and the laws of the United States which shall be made in
pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the
judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything m the Constitution or
laws of any State the contrary notwithstanding.

3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the
several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the
United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to
support this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be required as a
quaUfication to any office or public trust under the United States.

Article VII

The ratification of the Convention of nine States shall be sufficient for the
establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same.
Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the
Seventeenth Day of September, m the Year of Our Lord one thousand seven
hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of
America the Twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our
names.
New Hampshire New Jersey

John Langdon Wil[liam] Livingston

Nicholas Gilman David Brearley

Massachusetts W[illiam] Patterson

Nathaniel Gorham Jona[thanl Dayton
Rufus King Pennsylvania

Connecticut Btenjamin] Franklin

W[illialm Sam[ue]l Johnson Robler]t Morns

Roger Sherman Thofmals Fitzsimons

New York

Alexander Hamilton

854

James Wilson
Thomas Miftlm

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER ELEVEN

Geo[rge] Clymer
Jared Ingersoll
Gouv[erneru] Morris

Delaware

Geo[rge] Read

John Dickinson
Jaco[b] Broom
Gunning Bedford, Jr.
Richard Bassett

Maryland

James McHenry

Dan[iel] Carroll

Dan[iel] of St. Tholma]s. Jenifer

Virginia

John Blair

Ja[me]s Madison, Jr.
George Washmgton

North Carolina

W[illia]m Blount

Hu[gh] Williamson
Rich[ard] Dobbs Spaight

South Carolina

J lames] Rutledge

Charles Pinckney

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney

Pierce Butler

Georgia

William Few

Abr[aham] Baldwin

Attest:

William Jackson, Secretary

The Constitution was declared in
effect on the first Wednesday in March,
1789.

See Article XIV Amendments.
See Article XVII, Amendments.
See Article XVII, Amendments.
See Article XVI, Amendments.

This clause is superseded by Article VII, Amendments.

855

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

The Ten Oiigiual Amendments*

The following amendmcnis lo the Constitution, Article I to X, inclusive, were :
proposed ai the larsi Session o'i the First Congress, begun and held at the City of
New Mirk. on Wednesday, March 4, 1789, and were adopted by the necessar\'
number of Stales. The original ]~)roposal of the ten amendments was preceded by
this preamble and resolution:

"T/u' c('/i\'i'/ifi();i.s ()/ a )]umhcr oj the Slates having, at the time of their
adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent nusconstruetion
or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrietive clauses should
be added, and as extenchng the ground of public confidence in the Government i
will best insure the benefieent ends of its institution:

RESOLVED, Bv the Senate and House oj Representatives of the United
States oj America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds oj both Houses concurring [
that the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures oj the severed States,
as amendments to the Constitution oj the United States; all or anv oj which .
articles, when ratijied by three-fourths oj the said Legislatures, to be valid to all
intents and purposes, as part oj the said Constitution, namely'^;

Article I

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting
the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a
redress of grievances.

Article H

A well-regulated militia being necessar)' to the security of a free State, the right of the
people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. :

Article III '

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered m any house without the consent of :
the owner, nor m time of war but m a manner to be prescribed by law. I

* These amendments, known as The Bill of Rights, were declared m force December j
15,1791. North Carolina ratihed those ten amendments on December 22, 1789 ■
(Ch, 19, Laws of 1789).

856 <

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Article TV

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects
against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants
shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be
seized.

Article V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless
on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or
naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger;
nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of
life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against
him, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor
shall private property be taken for pubUc use, without just compensation.

Article VT

hi all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy, and
public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall
have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law,
and be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with
the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in
his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

Article VII

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars,
the right of trial by jury shall be preserved and no fact tried by a jury shall be
otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules

i of the common law.

Article VIII

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and
unusual punishments inflicted.

Article IX

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to
' deny or disparage others retained by the people.

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NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Article X

The powers not delegated to the Llniicd Slates by the Constitution, nor prohibited
by It to the States, are reserved lo the States respectively, or to the people.

Subsequent Amendments

Article XI I

The judicial power o\ the Dnited States shall not be construed to extend to any suit ;
in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States, by ;
citizens of another Stale, or by cittzens or subjects of any foreign State. ,

iPwposcd to the Lcgishiiuics of the several States bv the Thmi Congress on the 5th oj ;
March, 1794, and declared lo have been ratified by Executive Proclamation January I
8,1798. It was ratified bv North Carolina on February 7,1795.] I

Article Xll j

The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President '
and Vice President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State '
with themselves; they shall name m their ballots the person voted for as President, |
and in distinct ballots the persons voted for as Vice President; and they shall make
distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as i
Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and
certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, ;
directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the
presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and
the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for
President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number '
of electors appointed; if no person have such majority, then from the persons having
the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President,
the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President.
But m choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation ;
from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member '
or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be i
necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a
President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth <
day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the
case of the death or any constitutional disability of the President. The person having ■
the greatest number of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice President, ii such !
number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person ;
have a majority, from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose !
the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the

i
858 i

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary
to a choice. But no person constitutionally inehgibility to the office of President
shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States.

[Proposed by the Eighth Congress on the 12 of December, 1803, declared ratified by the
Secretary oj State, September 25, 1804. It was ratified by North Carolina on December
21, 1803. It was ratified by all the States except Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts,
and New Hampshire.]

Article Mil

1. Neither slaver)' nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

[Proposed by the Thirty-eighth Congress on the 1st of February, 1865, declared ratified
by the Secretary oj State, December 18, 1865. It was ratified by North Carolina on
December 4, 1865 (Resolution, Public Laws of 1865). It was rejected by Delaware and
Kentucky, was conditionally ratified by Alabama and Mississippi, and Texas took no
action.]

Article XTV

1 . All persons bom or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No
State shaU make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges of
immunities for citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any
person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor deny to any
person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

2 . Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their
respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State,
excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the
choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States,
Representatives m Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the
members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of
such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or
in any way abridged, except for participation m rebellion or other crime, the
basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the
number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens
twenty-one years of age in such State.

3 . No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President
and Vice President, or held any office, civil or military, under the United States,
or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State

859

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 |

Legislaiure, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the ;
Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion |
against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress ,
may, by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. I

4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law including ^
debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for senices in suppressing j
insurrccticm or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States
nor an\' Slate shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred m aid of
insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss of
emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be
held illegal and void.

5. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legislation the
provisions of this article. |

[The Rccomlruction Amendment, hv the Thirty-ninth Congress on the 16th day of June,
1866, was declared ratified bv the Secretary of State, July 28, 1868. The cunendment got
the support of 23 Northern Stales, it was rejeeted by Delaware Kentucky, Maryland,
and 10 Southern States. California took no action. Later it was ratified by the 10 Southern
States. North Carolina ratified it on July 4, 1868 (Resolution 2, Pubhe Laws of 1868)J '

Article XV

1 . The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or i
abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or
previous condition of sen-itude,

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

[Proposed bv the Fortieth Congress the 27th oj Februcvy, 1869, cmd was declared ratified
by the Seeretaiy of State, March 30, 1870. It was not acted on by Tennessee, it was rejected
by California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maniand and Oregon; ratified by the remaining 30
States. North Ccuvlina ratified it on March 5, 1869 (Public Laws of 1868-69). New York
rescinded its ratification Januaiy 5, 1870. New Jersey rejected it m 1870, but ratified it in
187L]

Anicle XVI

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from
whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and
without regard to any census or enumeration.

[Proposed by the Sixty-first Congress, Juh 12, 1909, and declared ratified Februcvy ;
25, 1913. The income tax cunendment was rcUified bv all the States, except Connecticut,
Floiida, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, cmd Virginia. North Carolina ratijied it on
Febmaiy 11, 1911 (Resolution 11, Public Laws of 1911.)]

860

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Article XVII

1 , The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each
State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have
one vote. The electors m each State shall have the qualifications requisite for
electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislatures.

2 , When vacancies happen in the presentation of any State in the Senate, the executive
authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies; Provided,
that the Legislature of any State may empower the Executive thereof to make
temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the
Legislature may direct.

3, This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of
any Senator chosen before it became vaUd as part of the Constitution.

[Proposed hy the Sixty -second Congress on the 16th day of May, 1912, and declared
ratified May 31, 1913. Adopted hy all the States except Alabama, Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Rhode Island, South Carolina,
Utah and Virginia. North Carolina ratified it on January 25, 1913 (Resolution 10,
Public Laws oj 1913).]

Article XVIII

1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or
transportation of intoxicating Uquors within, the importation thereof into, or
the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

2 . The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.

3 . This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the Legislatures of the several States as provided in the
Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the
States by the Congress.

[Proposed by the Sixty-fifih Congress, December 18, 1917, and ratified by 36 States;
was declared in effect on January 16, 1920. It was ratified by North Carolina on January
16, 1919 (Resolution 8, Public Laws of 1919) J

861

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Article XIX

1 . The rights of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any State on account of sex. j

2. Congress shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions :
of this article. >

[Proposed bv the Sixty-fifth Congress. On Augmt 26, 1920, it was pwdaimcd in effect, j

having been ratified /n' ihree-quarters of the States. It was ratified by North CaroUna on '

Mflv 6, 1971 (Ch. 327, Session Laws of 1971). The Tennessee House, August 31st, rescinded :

Its ratification, 47 to 24./ !

Article XX \

1 . The terms o'i the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day j
of January and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3rd i
day of January of the years m which such terms would have ended if this article |
had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall
begin at noon on the 3rd day of January unless they shall by law appoint a ,
different day.

3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President
elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President
shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term,
or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify then the Vice President elect
shall act as President until a President shall have been qualified; and the Congress
may by law provide for the case wherein neither President elect nor a Vice
President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or
the manner m which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall ]
act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. ,

4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death ot any of the persons
from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the
right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of ;
any of the persons for whom the Senate may choose a Vice President when the ;
right of choice shall have devolved upon them. ;

5. Section 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the '
ratification of this article. i

6 . This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment ^
to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within ;
seven years from the date of its submission. i

[Proposed by tlw 72nd Congress, Tirst Session. On Tebruary 6, 1933, it was proclaimed j
in effect, having been ratified by tlnrty-nme states. It was ratified by North Carolina on ^
January 5, 1933 (Resolution 4, Pulilic Laws of 1933). j [

862 '

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Article XXI

1 . The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is
hereby repealed.

2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory or possession of the
United States for dehvery or use therein of intoxicating hquors, m violation of
the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

3 . This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratihed as an amendment
to the Constitution by convention in the several States, as provided in the
Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the
States by the Congress.

[Proposed hy the 72nd Congress, Second Session. Proclaimed in effect on December 5,
1933, having been ratified by thirty-six States. North Carolina did not ratify this
Amendment. By proclamation of the same date, the President proclaimed that the eighteenth
amendment to the Constitution was repealed on December 5, 1933.]

Article XXII

1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and
no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more
than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President
shall be elected to the ofhce of the President more than once. But this article
shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article
was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be
holding the office of President, or acting as President during the term within
which this article becomes operative from holding the office of President or
acting as President during the remainder of such term.

2 . This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within
seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.

[Proposed by the 30th Congress in 1947 and became effective on Feb. 26, 1951, having
been ratified by thirty-six states. It was ratified by North Carolina on January 28, 1951
(Ch. 136, Session Laws of 1951).]

863

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Anicle XXIU

i . The District constiluiing the seat of Government of tfie United States sliall appoint
m such manner as the Congress may direct:

A number o'l electors of President and Vice President equal to the whofe number of
Senators and Represenialives m Congress to which the District would be entitied
if it were a Suae, but m no event more than the least populous State; they shall
be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered,
for the purpose oi the election of President and Vice President, to be electors
appointed by a State; and they shall meet m the District and perform such duties
as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

2. The Congress shall hax'c power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

[Proposed by the 86th Congress in June of 1960 and ratified by the 38th State, March
29, 1961 and proelainied a part of the Constitution, April 3, 1961. North Carolina did
not ratilx it.j

Anicle XXIV

1 . The right of citizens of the United States to vote m any primar)' or other election

for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or
for Senator or Representative m Congress, shall not be denied or abridged b\'
the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other
tax.

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation,

[Proposed by the 87th Congress, August 27, 1962, and ratified by the 38th State January
23, 196-i. It was not ratified by North Carolina.]

Article XXV

1 . In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation,
the Vice President shall become President.

2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the ofhce of the Vice President, the President
shall nominate a Vice President who shall take ofhce upon confirmation by a
majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate
and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he
is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his ofhce, and until he transmits
to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be
discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

864

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of
the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable
to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall
immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate
and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no
inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice
President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments
or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days
to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of
Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge
the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue,
assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the
Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if
Congress is not m session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to
assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable
to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to
discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the
powers and duties of his office.

[Submitted to the Legislatures oj the fifty States fuly 6, 1965. Ratified by the 38th State
(Nevada) February 10, 1967. It was ratified by North Carolina on March 22, 1967
(Ch. 77, Session Laws of 1967).]

Article XXVI

1 . The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older,
to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on
account of age.

2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.

[Proposed to the States by Congress on March 23, 1971 and ratification completed fune
30, 1971. It was ratified by North Carolina on July 1, 1971 (Ch. 725, Session Laws of
1971).]

865

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

George Walker Bush

President of the United States

Early Years

Born on July 6, 1946.

Educational Bach^irouncl

B.A. in Hisiory. Yale University, 1Q68; MBA,
Harxarcl University.

Professional Background

Owner, Oil and Gas Business; Partner, Texas
Rangers Baseball Team.

Political Activities

President of the United States, 2001-Present;
Governor, Stale of Texas, 1994-2000.

Military Service

Pilot, Texas Air National Guard.

Personal Information

Married to Laura Welch Bush. Two children.

866

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Richard B.Cheney

Vice President of the United
States

Early Years

Bom m Lincoln, Nebraska, on January 30, 1941.

Educational Background

B.A. in Political Science, University of Wyoming;
M.A. in Political Science, University of Wyoming.

Professional Background

CEO, Halliburton Company.

Political Activities

Vice President of the United States, 2001 -Present;
White House Chief of Staff, 1975-76; U.S.
Congressman, 1978-88; Secretary of Defense,
1989-93.

Honors and Awards

Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1991.

Personal Information

Married, Lynne Ann Vincent Cheney. Two children. Three grandchildren.

867

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Presidents of the United

name

George Washingion (F)
John Adams (F)
Thomas Jefferson (D-R)
James Madison (D-R)
James Monroe (D-R)
John Quincy Adams (N-R)
Andrew Jackson (D)
Martin Van Buren (Whig)
William H. Harrison' (W)
John Tyler (W)
James Knox Polk (D)
Zachary Taylor-^ (W)
Millard Fillmore (W)
Franklin Pierce (D)
James Buchanan (D)
Abraham Lincoln' (R)
Andrew Johnson'* (D)
Ulysses S. Gram (R)
Rulherford B. Hayes (R)
James A. Garfield^ (R)
Chester A. Arthur (R)
Grover Cleveland" (D)
Benjamin Harrison (R)
Grover Cleveland' (D)
William McKmley' (R)
Theodore Roosevelt (R)
William H. Taft (R)
Woodrov^ Wilson (D)
Warren G. Harding' (R)
Calvin Coolidge (R)
Herbert C. Hoover (R)
Franklin D. Roosevelt'^' (D)
Harry S. Truman (D)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)

States

native slate

horn

inaugurated

Virginia

1732

1789

Massachusetts

1735

1797

Virginia

1743

1801

Virginia

1751

1809

Virginia

1758

1817

Massachusetts

1767

1825

North Carolina

1767

1829

New York

1782

1837

Virginia

1773

1841

Virginia

1790

1841

North Carolina

1795

1845

Virginia

1784

1849

New York

1800

1850

New Hampshire

1804

1853

Pennsylvania

1791

1857

Kentucky

1809

1861

North Carolina

1808

1865

Ohio

1822

1869

Ohio

1822

1877

Ohio

1831

1881

Vermont

1830

1881

New Jersey

1837

1885

Ohio

1833

1889

New Jersey

1837

1893

Ohio

1843

1897

New York

1858

1901

Ohio

1857

1909

Virginia

1856

1913

Ohio

1865

1921

Vermont

1872

1923

Iowa

1874

1929

New York

1882

1933

Missouri

1884

1945

Texas

1890

1953

868

native state

born

inaug

Massachusetts

1917

1961

Texas

1908

1963

California

1913

1969

Michigan

1913

1974

Georgia

1924

1977

lUinois

1911

1981

Massachusetts

1924

1989

Arkansas

1946

1993

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Presidents of the United States (continued)

name

John F. Kennedy^ ^ (D)

Lyndon B. Johnson (,D)

Richard M. Nixon ^^ (R)

Gerald R. Ford (R)

James Earl Carter (D)

Ronald Wilson Reagan (R)

George H.W Bush (R)

William J. Clmton (D)

George W Bush CR) Texas 1946 2001

^ Harrison died on April 4, 1841.

^ Taylor died on July 9, 1850.

^ Lincoln was shot April 14, 1865, and died the following day.

"^ Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, was nominated Vice President by Republicans
and elected with Lincoln on National Union ticket.

^ Garfield was shot July 2, 1881, and died September 19.

^ According to a ruling of the State Department, Grover Cleveland is counted twice,
as the 22nd and the 24th President, because his two terms were not consecutive.
Only 42 individuals have been President.

'' See footnote 6.

^ McKinley was shot September 6, 1901, and died September 14.

^ Harding died on August 2, 1923.

^° Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945.

^^ Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963.

^^ Nixon resigned August 9, 1974, following several months of pressure over the
'Watergate" break-in and subsequent cover-up.

869

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Presidential Cabinet

Vice Presideni

Secretarx' of Agricullure

Secrciai")' of Commerce

Secretary of Defense

Secretary of Education

Secretar)' of Energy

Secretary o( Elealth and f-Iuman Ser\'ices

Secretar)' of Housing and Urban Development

Secretary of the Interior

Secretary of Labor

Secretar)' of State

Secretar)- of Transportation

Secretary of the Treasury

Secretary oi Veterans Affair

Attorney General

Ambassador to the United Nations

Major Appointments

White House Chief of Staff

National Security Adviser

U.S. Trade Representative

Press Secretar)'

Director, Central Intelligence Agency

Director, Office of Management and Budget

Chair, Council of Economic Advisors

Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency

Director, Homeland Security

Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy

Richard Cheney
Ann Veneman
Don Evans
Donald Rumsfeld
Rod Paige
Spencer Abraham
Tommy Thompson
Mel Martinez
Gale Norton
Elaine Chao
Colin Powell
Norman Mineta
Paul O^NeiU
Anthony Pnncipi
John Ashcroft
John Negroponti

Andrew Card
Condoleezza Rice
Robert Zoellick
Ari Fleischer
George J. Tenet
Mitchell Daniels, Jr.
R. Glenn Hubbard
Christie Todd Whitman
Tom Ridge
John Walters

870

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER ELEVEN

One Hundred and Seventh U.S. Congress

The Senate

President of the Senate
President Pro-Tempore
Secretary of the Senate
Majority Leader
Minority Leader
Majority Whip
Minority Whip

North Carolina Senators

Jesse Helms (Senior Senator)
John Edwards Qunior Senator)

Standing Committees of the U.S.

Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry

Armed Services

Budget

Energy and Natural Resources

Finance

Governmental Affairs

Judiciary

Small Business

Richard Cheney (Vice President)

Robert Byrd (West Virginia)

Jeri Thomsen

Thomas A. Daschle (South Dakota)

Trent Lott (Mississippi)

Harry Reid (Nevada)

Don Nickles (Oklahoma)

Senate

Appropriations

Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs

Commerce, Science and Transportation

Environment and Public Works

Foreign Relations

Health, Education, Labor and Pensions

Rules and Administration

Veterans Affairs

Special and Select Committees of the U.S. Senate

Agmg
Intelligence

Ethics
Indian Affairs

foint Committees of Congress

Economic
Taxation

Printing

871

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Jesse Helms

United States Senator
North Carolina, Republican

Early Years

Bom in Monroe on October 18. 1921, lo Jesse
A. and Eihel Mae Helms.

Educational Background

Monroe High School; Wingale College; Wake
Foresl College.

Projcssioncd Background

Former Execulive Vice President, Vice Chairman
of the Board and Assistant Chief Executive
Officer, Capitol Broadcasting Company.

Political Activities

U.S. Senator, 1973-Present (Elected 1972; Re-elected 1978, 1984, 1990 and 1996);
Raleigh City Council, 1957-1961; Administrative Assistant to United States Senators
Willis Smith and Alton Lennon; Director of Radio/Television, Richard B. Russell
Campaign (Democratic Candidate for President, 1952).

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Former President and Vice President, Raleigh Rotar}' Club; Former President, Raleigh
Exchange Club; Former Director, United Fund of Raleigh.

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Former Trustee, Campbell University, Wmgate University, Meredith College, John
F Kennedy College.

Honors and Awards

Honorar)' Degrees, Wmgate Uni\'ersity Grove City College and Bob Jones University

Personal Information

Married, Dorothy Jane Coble Helms. Three children; Seven grandchildren. Member,
Hayes Barton Baptist Church, Raleigh.

Committee Assignments

Foreign Relations (Chair, 1995-2001); Member, Agriculture (Former Chair, 1981-
87), Nutrition and Forestry Rules and Administration.

872

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

John Edwards

United States Senator
North Carolina, Democrat

Early Years

Born m Seneca, South Carolina, on June 10,
1953, to Wallace and Bobbie Edwards.

Educational Background

North Moore High School, Robbins, N.C.;
B.S. with Honors, N.C. State University,
1974; J.D. with Honors, UNC-Chapel Hill
School of Law, 1977.

Professional Background

Attorney.

Political Activities

U.S. Senator, 1999-Present.

Personal Information

Married to Elizabeth Anania Edwards. Four children. Methodist.

Committee Assignments

Member, Commerce; Science and Transportation; Health, Education, Labor and
Pensions; IntelUgence; Judiciary; Small Business.

873

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

House of Representatives

Speaker of ihe House
Clerk of the House
Majority Leader
Minority Leader
Majority Whip
Minority Whip

North Carolina Representati\es

Eva Clayton (First District)
Bob Etheridge (Second District)
Walter B. Jones (Third District)
David E. Price (Fourth District)
Richard Burr (Fifth District)
J. Htnvard Coble (Sixth District)
Mike Mclntyre (Seventh District)
Robin Hayes (Eighth District)
Sue Myrick (Ninth District)
T. Cass Ballenger (Tenth District)
Charles H. Taylor (Eleventh District)
Melvin L. Watt (Twelfth District)

Standing Committees

Agriculture

Armed Serxdces

Education and the Workforce

Financial Ser\'ices

House Administration

Judiciary

Rules

Small Business

Transportation & Infrastructure

W'ays and Means

Select Committees

Intelligence

Joint Committees

Economics
Taxation

Dennis Hastert (Illinois)

Jeff Trandahl

Tom DeLay (Texas)

Richard A. Gephardt (Missouri)

Roy Blunt (Missouri)

Steny Hoyer (Maryland)

Appropriations

Budget

Energy and Commerce

Government Reform

International Relations

Resources

Science

Standards of Official Conduct

Veterans

Homeland Security

Printing

874

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Eva McPherson Clayton

U.S. Representative
j First District, Democrat

, Early Years

I Born m Savannah, Georgia, on September 16, 1934,
to Thomas, Sr., and Josephine McPherson.

Educational Background

Lucy C. Laney High School, 1951; B.S. in Biology,
Johnson C. Smith University, 1955; M.S. in Biology,
N.C. Central University, 1962; M.S. in General Science,
N.C. Central University, 1962.

Professional Background

Founder/President, Technical Resources, Ltd., 1981-92.

Political Activities

Representative, U.S. House of Representatives, 1993-2000; Member, Warren County
Commission, 1982-92 (Chair, 1982-90).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

NAACP Legal Defense Fund, Cancer Drive; Community Health; Rural Housing;
Family Institute.

Personal Information

Married to Theaoseus T. Clayton, Sr. Four children. Member, Cotton Memorial
Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Ranking Minority Member, Department Operations, Nutrition and Foreign
Agriculture Subcommittee; Member, Agriculture, Budget.

875

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Bob Etheridge

U.S. Representative
Second District, Democrat

Early Years

Born in Turkey, Sampson County, on August
7, 1941, tcvJohn P. and Beatrice Coats
Etheridge.

Educational Background

Cleveland Scliool, Johnston County, 1947-
59; B.S. in Business Administration,
Campbell University, 1965.

Professional Background

Businessman; Director, Standard Bank,
Dunn; Licensed Realtor.

Political Activities

Representative, U.S. House of

Representatives, 1997-Present (New Member Whip, 1997-Present); N.C.

Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1989-96; N.C. House of Representatives,

1979-1988 (five terms); Harnett County Commissioner, 1973-1976 (Chairman,

1974-76).

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Past President, Industrial Management Club; Past President, Lillington Lions Club;
American Legion.

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member and Director, National Council of Chief State School Ofhcers; Advisory
Board, Mathematics/Science Education Network; Board, North Carolina Council
on Economic Education.

Military Service

U.S. Army 1965-67.

Honors and Awards

1987 Boy Scout Silver Beaver Award; Honorary Member, Phi Kappa Phi; 1990
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws from Campbell University

Personal Information

Married, Faye Cameron Etheridge. Three children. Member, Leaflet Presbyterian
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Science.

876

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Walter B. Jonesjr.

U.S. Representative
Third District

Republican

Early Years

Born in Farmville, Pitt County, on February 10, '1943.

Educational Background

Hargrove Military Academy; N.C. State University; Bachelors in
History, Atlantic Christian College.

Professional Background

Self-employed Businessman.

Political Background

Representative, U.S. House of Representatives, 1995-Present; Representative, N.C.
House.

Military Service

North Carolina National Guard, 1967-71.

Personal Information

Married to JoeAnne Jones. One child.

Committee Assignments

Member, Armed Services, Banking and Financial Services and Resources; Founding
Member, Missing and Exploited Children's Caucus; Co-Founder, Wind Hazard
Reduction Caucus.

877

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

David Eugene Price

U.S. Representative
Fourth District, Democrat

Early Years

Born in Johnson Ciiy, Tennessee on August 17,
1940, lo Albert and Elna Harrell Price.

Educational Background

Unicoi County High School, Erwin, Tennessee;
Mars Hill College; B.A., UNC-Chapel Hill, 1961;
B.D. (1964) and Ph.D. (1969), Yale University.

Professional Background

Professor ol Political Science and Public Policy,
Duke University, 1973-1986 and 1994-96;
Assistant Professor of Political Science and
American Studies, Yale University, 1969-1973.

Political Activities

U.S. House of Representatives, 1986-94 and 1996-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Political Science Association; National Academy of Public Administration.

Honors and Awards

1990 Hubert Humphrey Public Service Award, American Political Science
Association; 1992 Pi Sigma Alpha Award, National Capital Area Political Science
Association; 1993 National Education Service Award, Association of Community
College Trustees.

Personal Information

Married, Lisa Beth Kanwit Price. Two children. Member, Binkley Memorial Baptist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Appropriations, Budget.

878

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Richard Burr

U.S. Representative
Fifth District, Republican

Early Years

Born m Charlottesville, Virginia, on November
30, 1955, to Dr. David and Martha Gilliam Burr.

Educational Background

Reynolds High School, Winston-Salem, 1974;
B.A. in Communications, Wake Forest
University, 1978.

Professional Background

Sales Manager, Carswell Distributing.

Political Activities

Representative, U.S. House of Representatives,
1995-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

State Co-Chair, Partnership for a Drug-Free North Carolina; Board Member, Brenner
Children's Hospital.

Honors and Awards

2002 Legislator of the Year, Biotechnology Industry Organization; 2001 Outstanding
Leadership Award, AdvaMed; 2001 Distinguished Community Health Champion,
National Association for Community Health Centers.

Personal Information

Married, Brooke Burr. Two children. Member, Centenary Methodist Church.

Committee Assignments

Vice-Chair, Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of Commerce; Member,
International Relations.

879

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

J. Howard Coble

U.S. Representative
Sixth District, Republican

Early Years

Born in Greensboro, Guilford County, on
March 18, 1931, to Joe Howard and
Johnnie H. Moll Coble.

Educational Background

Alamance High School, 1949; Auended
Appalachian Slale Unix'ersity, 1949; A.B.
in History, Guilford College; J.D., UNC-
Chapel Hill School of Law, 1962.

Professional Background

Attorney, Firm of Turner, Enochs &
Sparrow, 1979-1983.

Political Activities

U.S. House of Representatives, 1985-Preseni; Secretary, N.C. Department of Revenue,
1973-1979; Assistant U.S. Attornev, U.S. Middle District, 1969-1973.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. State Bar Association; American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars of the U.S.

Military Sei'vice

LJ.S. Coast Guard and U.S. Coast Guard Reserve, 1952-1982 (Commanding Officer,
Wilmington Unit).

Personal Information

Member, Alamance Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property Subcommittee of the Judiciary
Committee; Member, Transportation and Infrastructure.

880

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Mike Mclntyre

U.S. Representative
Seventh District, Democrat

Early Years

Born on August 6, 1956, in Lumberton, Robeson
County, to Douglas Carmichael and Thelma Hedgpeth
Mclntyre.

Educational Background

Lumberton Senior High School; Bachelors Degree,
UNC-Chapel Hill, 1978; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill
School of Law, 1981.

Professional Background

Attorney.

Political Activities

Representative, U.S. House of Representatives, 1997-Present.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Ci\ic or Community Service Organizations

Lumberton Area Chamber of Commerce (Former Chair, Legislative Committee;
Member, Executive Committee); Member, Lumberton Ail-American City Delegation,
1995; N.C. Bar Association (Former State Chair, Citizenship Education Committee,
Young Lawyers Division).

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Charter Member, N.C. Commission on Children & Youth; Charter Member, N.C.
Commission on the Family; Vice-Chair, Lumberton Commission for Youth & the
Family.

Honors and Awards

Phi Beta Kappa; 1978 Morehead Scholar, UNC-Chapel Hill; 1978 Sullivan Award,
UNC-Chapel Hill.

Personal Information

Married, Dee Strickland Mclntyre. Two children. Member, First Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Armed Services.

881

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Robin Cannon Hayes

U.S. Representative
Eighth District, Republican

Early Years

Born in Concord, Cabarrus Counly, to Robert and
Mariam Cannon Hayes.

Educational Background

Concord High School, 1963; B.A. in History, Duke
University, 1967.

Professional Background

Owner/Operator, Mt. Pleasant Hosiery Mill.

Political Activities

U.S. House of Representatives, 1998-Present; N.C.

House of Representatives (Majority Whip), 1992-96; Concord Board of Aldermen,

1978.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

National Federation of Independent Businesses; Cabarrus Regional Chamber of
Commerce; Cannon Foundation.

Honors and Awards

1996 Legislator of the Year, National Republican Legislators Association.

Personal Information

Married, Barbara Weiland Hayes. Two children. Member, First Presbyterian Church
of Concord.

Committee Assignments

Member, Agriculture, Armed Services, Resources.

882

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Sue Myrick

U.S. Representative
Ninth District, Republican

Early Years

Born in Tiffin, Ohio, on August 1, 1941, to William
and Margaret Wilkins.

Educational Background

Port Clinton High School, Port Clinton, Ohio;
Heidelberg College.

Professional Background

' Former Co-Owner, President and Chief Executive
Officer, Myrick Advertising; Former President and CEO,
> Myrick Enterprises.

[ Political Activities

\ Representative, U.S. House of Representatives, 1994-Present; Mayor, City of
Charlotte, 1987-89 and 1989-91; Member, Charlotte City Council, 1983-85.

Business/Professional, Charitable/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

March of Dimes; Elks Auxiliary; Foster Parent.

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Directors, N.C. Highway Safety Foundation; Board of Directors, N.C.
Institute of Political Leadership; Member, President Bush's Affordable Housing
, Commission.

Honors and Awards

; Champion of SmaU Business Award, 1998-2001; Hero of the Taxpayer Award,
1998-2000; Advocacy Award, National Breast Cancer Coalition, 2000-2001.

Personal Information

Married, Ed Myrick. Five children. Six grandchildren. Member, United Methodist
Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Rules.

883

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Thomas Cass Ballenger

U.S. Representative
Tenth District, Republican

Early Years

Born in Hickory, Catawba Counly, on December
6, 1926, lo Richard E. and Dorothy CoUins
Ballenger.

Ediicatioual Background

Episcopal High School, 1944; UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1944-45; B.A., Amherst College, 1948.

Professional Background

Founder and Chairman of the Board, Plastic
Packaging, Inc.

Political Activities

Representative, U.S. House of Representatives (Deputy Whip, 104th, 105th and
106th Congress; Republican Steering Committee, 104th, 105th and 106th
Congress), 1987-Present; N.C. Senate (Former Minority Leader), 1977-1986; N.C.
House of Representatives, 1975-76; Catawba County Board of Commissioners
(Chair, 1970-74), 1966-1974.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Community Ridge Day Care Center, Hickory (Co-Founder); Greater Hickory United
Fund (Past Chairman); Director, Greater Hickory Chamber of Commerce.

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Development and Board of Directors, Lenoir Rhyne College; Board of
Directors, Salvation Army; Board of Trustees, Florence Crittenton Home.

Military Service

Airman Cadet, U.S. Na\7 Air Corps, 1944-45.

Honors and Awards

1988-95 Spirit of Enterprise Award, U.S. Chamber of Commerce; 1986-96 Guardian
of Small Business Award, NFIB; 1987-96 Watchdog of the Treasury Award.

Personal Information

Married, Donna Davis Ballenger. Three children. Member, Episcopal Church ot the
Ascension.

Committee Assignments

Chair, Subcommittee on the Western Hemisphere; Member, Education and the
Workforce, International Relations.

884

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

! Charles H.Taylor

j U.S. Representative

' Eleventh District, Republican

Early Years

i Born m Transylvania County on January 23, 1941, to
Robert and Loee Taylor.

I Educational Background
Brevard High School; B.A. and Juris Doctor, Wake Forest
University.

Professional Background

Managing Director, Transylvania Tree Farm; Registered Forester.

Political Activities

U.S. House of Representatives, 1991-Present; Minority Leader of the House for
I tv^o years; N.C. Senate Minority Leader.

■ Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

j Member, N.C. Board of Transportation; Chairman, Conservation Committee, N.C.

■ Energy Pohcy Council.

Personal Information

Member, First Baptist Church of Brevard.

Committee Assignments

[ Member, Appropriations.

885

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Melvin Watt

U.S. Representative
Twelfth District, Democrat

Early Years

Born in Mecklenburg County on August 26, 1945.

Educational Background

York Road High School, Charlotte; B.S. in Busniess
Administration, UNC-Chapel Hill, 1967; J.D., Yale
University School of Law, 1970.

Professional Background

Attorney and Businessman, Ferguson, Stein, Watt,
Wallas, Adkins and Gresham; Part Owner, East Towne
Manor Health Care Facility.

Political Activities

Representative, U.S. House of Representatives, 1993-Present; N.C. Senate, 1985-
86.

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

President, Mecklenburg County Bar; Board of Visitors, Johnson C. Smith University;
Central Piedmont Community College Foundation.

Personal Information

Married, Eulada Paysour Watt. Two children. Member, Mt. Olive Presbyterian Church.

Committee Assignments

Member, Financial Services, Judiciary, Joint Economic.

886

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER ELEVEN

United States Judiciary

Supreme Court

Chief Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice

of the United States

William H. Rehnquist
John Paul Stevens
Sandra Day O'Connor
Antonin Scalia
Anthony M. Kennedy
David H. Souter
Clarence Thomas
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen G. Breyer

Arizona

Illinois

Arizona

Virginia

California

New Hampshire

District of Columbia

New York

Massachusetts

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

(The Fourth Circuit encompasses North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland, Virginia
and V/est Virginia. The court sits at Richmond, Virginia, on the first full week of
each month, October through June.)

Circuit Justice
Chief Judge
Circuit Judge
Circuit Judge
Circuit Judge
Circuit Judge
Circuit Judge
, Circuit Judge
i Circuit Judge
i Circuit Judge
! Senior Judge
Senior Judge
] Senior Judge
j Senior Judge

William H. Rehnquist
J. Harvie Wilkinson, 111
H. Emory Widener, Jr.
Paul V Niemeyer
J. Michael Luttig
Karen J. Williams
M. Blane Michael
Diana G. Motz
William B. Traxler, Jr.
Robert B. King
John D. Butzner, Jr.
J. Dickson PhilHps, Jr.
Robert E Chapman
Clyde H. Hamilton

Arizona
Virginia
Virginia
Maryland
Virginia
South Carolina
West Virginia
Maryland
South Carolina
West Virginia
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
South Carolina

887

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

United States District Court in North Carolina

Eastern District (Federal Building, Raleigh)

Chief Judge Terreiice W Boyle*

Judge James C. Fox

Judge Malcolm J. Howard

Senior Judge W. Earl Britt

Clerk David W Daniel

U.S. Allorney Frank D. Whitney

Elizabeth City

Wilmington

Greenville

Raleigh

Middle District (VS. Courthouse and Federal Building, Greensboro)

Chiel Judge

Judge

Senior Judge

Clerk

U.S. Attorney

N. Carlton TiUey, Jr.
Frank W Bullock, Jr.
William L. Osteen
James A. Beaty, Jr.
Richard C. Ei-win
Hiram H. Ward
Joseph R Creekmore

Greensboro

Winston-Salem

Wmston-Salem

Greensboro

Anna Mills Wagoner

Western District (Charles R. Jonas Federal Building, Charlotte)

Chief Judge Graham C. Mullen Charlotte

Judge Richard L. Voorhees Charlotte

Judge Lacy H. Thornburg Asheville

Senior Judge Robert D. Potter Charlotte

Clerk Frank G. Johns Charlotte

U.S. Attorney Robert J. Conrad, Jr. Charlotte

Judge Boyle declined to provide biographical information

888

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

James Carroll Fox

Judge, Eastern District

Early Years

Bom in Atchinson, Kansas, on November 6, 1928, to Jared Copeland and Ethel
Carrol Fox.

Educational Background

Wbodberry Forest School, 1946; B.S. in Business Administration, UNC-Chapel
Hill, 1950; LL.B. with Honors, UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1967.

Professional Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Eastern District, 1982-Present; New Hanover County
Attorney, 1967-81; Attorney, Murchison, Fox & Newton, 1960-1982 (Associate,
1958-59).

i Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

I N.C. Bar Association; N.C. State Bar.

I Military Service

I U.S. Army Reserves, 1951-59 (Corporal).

[ Personal Information

1 Married, Katharine deRosset Rhett. Three children. Member, St. James Episcopal
Church, Wilmington.

889

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Malcolm Jones Howard

Judge, Eastern District

Early Years

Born in Kinston, Lenoir County, on June, 24,
1939, to Clayton and Thclina Lee Jones Howard.

Educational Background

Deep Run School; The Citadel; B.S., U.S. Mihtary
Academy (West Point, N.Y.), 1962; J.D., Wake
Forest University School of Law, 1970.

Professional Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Eastern District, 1988-
Present; Attorney and Senior Partner, Howard,
Browning, Sams, and Poole, 1975-88; Counsel,
Executive Ofhce of the President (White House,
Washington, D.C.), 1974; Assistant U.S. Attorney
(Raleigh, N. C), 1973-74.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Conununity Service Organizations

Rotary Club of Greenville; East Carolina Vocational Center (Director).

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Board of Visitors, Wake Forest University School of Law, 1988-Present.

Military Service

Lt. Col, U.S. Arm, 1962-72; Reserves, 1972-82; Silver Star, Bronze Star of Valor
(2), Meritorious Service Medal, Purple Heart, Air Medal (2), Combat Infantryman's
Badge, Parachute Badge.

Personal Information

Married, Eloise K. McGinty Howard. Two children. Member, Memorial Baptist
Church, Greenville.

890

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

W. Earl Britt

Senior Judge, Eastern District

Early Years

Born in McDonald, Robeson County, on December 7, 1932, to Dudley H. and
Martha Mae Hall Britt.

Educational Background

Rowland High School, 1950; Campbell College, 1950-52; B.S., Wake Forest
University, 1956; LL.B., Wake Forest University School of Law, 1958.

Professional Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Eastern District.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; Fourth Circuit Representative, Judicial Conference of the United
States, 1996-97; Federal Judges Association (President, 1995-97).

Military Service

U.S. Army 1953-50 (Corporal).

Honors and Awards

Tar Heel of the Week, The News and Observer, 1981 and 1994.

Personal Information

Married to Judith Moore Britt on April 17, 1976. Six children. Eleven grandchildren.

891

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

N. Carlton Tilley, Jr.

Chief Judge, Middle District

Early Years

Born in Rock Hill on December 16, 1943, to Norwood Carlton and Rebecca
Westbrook Tilley.

Educational Background

Rock Hill High School, 1962; B.S. m Biology, Wake Forest College, 1966; J. D.,
Wake Forest Unix'crsity School of Law, 1969.

Professional Background

U.S. District Judge; Law Clerk to the Honorable Eugene A. Gordon, U.S. District
Judge, Middle District of N.C., 1969-71; Assistant U.S. Attorney, Middle District,
N.C., 1971-74; U.S. Attorney, Middle District, N.C., 1974-77; Partner, Osteen,
Adams, Tilley & Walker, 1977-88.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Inns of Court, Chief Justice Joseph Branch Chapter.

Personal Information

Married Greta Medlm.

892

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Frank William Bullock, Jr.

Judge, Middle District

Early Years

Born in Oxford on November 3, 1938, to Frank William and Wilma Long Bullock.

Educational Background

Oxford High School, 1957; Duke University; B.S. in Business Administration, UNC-
Chapel Hill, 1961; LL.B., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1963.

Professional Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Middle District, 1982-Present (Chief Judge, 1992-99);
Attorney (Private practice), 1964-68 and 1973-82; Assistant Director, N.C.
Administrative Office of the Courts, 1968-73; Law Clerk to Federal Judge, 1963-

64.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Greensboro Bar Association; N.C. Bar Association; American Bar Association.

Personal Information

Married, Frances D. Haywood Bullock. One child. Member, Presbyterian Church.

893

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

William L Osteen

Judge, Middle District

Early Years

Born in Greensboro, Guilford Couniy, on July 15, 1930.

Educational Background

A.B. in Economics, Guillord College, 1953; LL.B., UNC-Chapel Hill School of
Law, 1956.

Professional Background

U.S. District Court Judge, 1991 -Present; Attorney, Osteen, Adams & Osteen, 1974-
91; U.S. Department of Justice, 1969-74; Attorney, Booth & Osteen, 1959-69;
William L. Osteen, 1958-59; W.H. McElwee, Jr., 1956-58.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association; N.C. State Bar, 1989-91; Greensboro Bar Association, 1989-
90 (Member, Executive Committee, 1988-Present).

Elected and Appointed Boards and Commissions

Member, Committee on Code of Conduct for Federal Judges, 1995-2001 (Chair,
2001-2004).

Military Sei'vice

Staff Sgt., U.S. Army, 1950-51; U.S. Army Reserves, 1948-51.

Honors and Awards

Martindale-Hubbell A Rating.

Personal Information

Married, Joanne Bennett Snow Osteen.

894

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

James A. Beatyjr.

Judge, Middle District

Early Years

Bom on June 28, 1949, in Whitmire, S.C.

Educational Background

Thomasville Senior High, 1967; B.A. in Political
Science Cum Laude, Western Carolina University,
1971; J. D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1974.

Professional Background

U.S. District Court Judge, Middle District, 1994-
Present; N.C. Superior Court Judge, 1981-94;
Attorney, Beaty & Friende, 1978-81; Partner, Erwin-
Beaty Attorneys, 1974-77; N.C. Real Estate
Commission, 1979-81; Faculty, National Judicial
College, 1990-92.

Business/Professional, Clnaritahle/ Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Bar Association; N.C. State Bar; N.C. Bar Association.

Honors and Awards

1990 Trial Judge of the Year, N.C. Academy of Trial Lawyers; 1994 Distinguished
Alumnus Award, Western Carolina University; 2002 Honorary Doctor of Laws,
Western Carolina University.

Personal Information

Married, Toyoko C. Townsend Beaty. One child. Member, United Metropohtan
Baptist Church.

895

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Richard Cannon Erwin

Senior Judge, Middle District

Early Years

Born m Marion, McDowell County, on August 23, 1923, to John Adam and Flora
Cannon Frwin.

Educational Background

McDowell Couni\- Public Schools; B.A., Johnson C. Smith University, 1947; LL.B.,
Howard University School of Law, 1951.

Projessioual Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Middle District; Judge, N.C. Court of Appeals, 1978-
80; Attorney, Erwin and Beatty

Political Activities

Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1975-77.

Business/Professional, Charitable/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Forsyth County Bar Association (Former President); N.C. State Bar Association;
Bar of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Military Service

U.S. Army 1943-46 (1st Sergeant).

Honors and Awards

L.L.D., Pfeiffer College, 1980; L.L.D., Johnson C. Smith University 1981.

Personal Information

Married, Demerice Whitley Erv/m. Two children. Member, St. Pauls United Methodist
Church.

896

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Hiram Hamilton Ward

Senior Judge, Middle District

Deceased, April, 4, 2002.

Early Years

Born m ThomasMlle, Davidson County, on April 29, 1923, to O. L. Ward and Margaret
A. Lowdermilk Ward.

Educational Background

Denton High School; Wake Forest University; J.D., Wake Forest University School
of Law, 1950.

Professional Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Middle District, 1972-Present (Chief Judge, 1982-88;
Senior Judge, 1988-Present).

Political Activities

Member, Repubhcan Party; N.C. State Board of Elections, 1964-72.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

American Bar Association; N.C. Bar Association; American Judicature Society; Mason.

Military Service

U.S. Air Force, 1940-45; Air Medal, Purple Heart, Presidential Unit Citation.

Honors and Awards

Federal Building in Winston-Salem named the "Hiram H. Ward Federal Building
and United States Courthouse" by the United States Congress, 1999; 1996 Honorar)'
LL.D., Wake Forest University; 1994 Liberty Bell Award, N.C. Bar Association.

Personal Information

Married, Evelyn McDaniel Ward. Two children. Member, Baptist Church.

897

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Graham C.Mullen

Chief Judge, Western District

Early Years i

Born m Charlollc, Mecklenburg County, on April 21, 1940, to James and Margaret '
Calder Mullen.

Educational Background

Frank L. Ashley High, Gastonia, 1958; A.B. m History, Duke University, 1962;
J.D., Duke University School of Law, 1969.

Professional Background i

Judge, U.S. District Court, Western District, 1990-Present; Attorney, Mullen, Holland
& Cooper, P.A., 1969-90.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

N.C. Bar Association (Board of Governors, 1980-83).

Military Service

U.S. Navy, 1962-66 (Lieutenant).

Personal Information

Married, Judith Mane Graves Mullen. Two children.

898 {

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Richard Lesley Voorhees

Judge, Western District

Early Years

Born in Syracuse, New York, on June 5, 1941, to Henry Austin and Catherine
Adeline Fait Voorhees.

Educational Background

R.J. Reynolds High School, Winston-Salem, 1959; A.B. in French, Davidson College,
1963; J.D., UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law, 1968.

Professional Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Western District, 1988-Present; Attorney (Sole Practitioner,
1980-88; Firm of Garland and Alala, 1968-80; Partner, Garland and Alala, 1972-
80); Instructor, Business Law and Medical Law and Ethics, Gaston College, 1980-
82.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Gaston County Bar Association; N.C. State Bar; N.C. Bar Association.

Military Service

U.S. Army 1963-65 (1st Lieutenant); Korea, 1963-64; Reserves, 1969 (Captain).

Personal Information

Married, Barbara Holway Humphries Voorhees. Two children. Member, First
Presbyterian Church, Gastonia.

899

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Lacy H.Thornburg

Judge, Western District

I mix Years [

\\ovn in Chaiiouc, Mecklenburg Counly, on December 20, 1939, to Jesse L. and |

Sara .Ann Ziegler Thtirnburg. i

Idiicational Bcichi!,yoiind \

A.A., Mars Hill College, 1950; B.A., UNC-Chapel Hill, 1952; J.D., UNC-Chapel '

Hill school o^ Law. 1954. ;

Projcssioncil Bcickground

judge, U.S. District Court, Western District, 1995-Present; Superior Court Judge,

30th Judicial District, 1967-83 and 1993-94; Member, Indian Gaming Commission, :

Department of the Interior, 1994-95. |

Political Activities j

N.C. Attorney General, 1985-92; Member, N.C. House of Representatives, 1961- !

66. i

Biisincss/Piojcssional, Charitahlc/Civic or Community Service Organizations '

N.C. Bar, 1954-Present. I

Military Service I
U.S. Army, 1947-48 (PFC).

Personal Information '
Married, Dorothy Frances Todd Thornburg. Four children.

900

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN

Robert D. Potter

Senior Judge, Western District

Early Years

Born m Wilmington, New Hanover County, on April 4, 1923, to Elisha Lindsay
and Louise McLean Potter.

Educational Background

New Hanover High School, 1941; A.B. in Chemistry, Duke University, 1947; LL.B.,
Duke University, 1950.

Professional Background

Judge, U.S. District Court, Western District, 1981-Present (Chief Judge, 1984-91;
Senior Judge, 1994-Present); Attorney 1951-81.

Political Activities

Mecklenburg County Board of Commissioners, 1966-68.

Business/Professional, Charitahle/Civic or Community Service Organizations

Fourth Circuit Judicial Conference.

Military Service

2nd Lieutenant, 78th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, European Theater of Operations,
1945-47.

Personal Information

Married, Catherine Neilson Potter. Three children. Six grandchildren. Member, St.
Patricks Cathedral (Roman Catholic), Charlotte.

901

COUNTIES AHU^

Counties and Their Governments

In pre-Revolutionary North Carolina, the county was the primary poHtical and
geographical unit. The colony relied heavily upon the county for the administration
of local government. Justices of the peace, as a body or court, administered the affairs
of the county The justices were usually chosen from the ranks of the county's wealthiest
leaders. Independence from the British crown brought no major changes in this system.
In the early days of statehood, the governor appointed justices. In making his
appointments, however, the governor often relied on recommendations from the
General Assembly. Members of the legislature had a powerful voice in the selection of
justices of the peace for their county, a voice that also gave legislators a good deal of
influence in the government at the county level.

Justices of the peace in each county formed a Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions.
Any three justices, sitting together, constituted a quorum for the transaction of
business. Justices typically met each January to select a chairman and hve of their
members to hold regular court session for the year. During their early existence.
Courts of Pleas and Quarter Sessions appointed county sheriffs, coroners and
constables. These offices later became elective positions with the sheriff and coroner
elected from the county at large and constables from captains militia muster districts.
Justices of the peace also appointed clerks of court, registers of deeds, county attorneys,
county trustees or treasurer, county surveyors and wardens of the poor.

Courts of Pleas and Quarter Sessions undertook judicial, as well as administrative,
functions. The administrative duties included assessing and levying taxes; establishing
and maintaining roads, bridges, and ferries; granting licenses to taverns and controlling
food prices; and erecting and controlling mills. Through their power of appointment,
justices supervised the work of law enforcement officers, administrative officers of
the court, surveyors and the wardens of the poor. Sheriffs typically collected taxes. In
their judicial capacity. Courts of Pleas and Quarter Sessions heard all civil cases except
those assigned by law to a single justice or to a higher court. Courts of Pleas and
Quarter Sessions adjudicated probate, dower and guardianship cases and administered
estates. They had jurisdiction in criminal cases m which the punishment did not
extend to life, hmb or member.

The county itself was a single political unit. There were no townships and Courts
of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, through their appointive and administrative powers,
exerted strong control over county affairs. Voters effectively had no direct control
over these courts, which meant they had no direct control over county government.
This rather undemocratic arrangement continued until the end of the Civil War.

"THEIR GOVERNMENTS

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

When the Consliiution o'i Norih Carolina was rewritten in 1868, the drafters,
man\- o'i w honi were acquainicd with local government systems in other parts of the
counir\\ devised a new and more democratic plan of organization for the counties.
The position of ]uslice ohhc j^eace was retained, but their powers were substantially
reduced anel die old CahuIs o\ Pleas and Quarter Sessions were eliminated. Judicial
responsibilities were distributed between the justices and the North Carolina Superior
Court, while die administrative powers justices had once exercised were assigned to
cotini\- commissions composed ol live members elected at large by each county's
voters. Count)' commissions managed public buildings, schools, roads and bridges,
and all count)- financial affairs, including taxation and collection. The wade appointive
powers of the Courts o^ Pleas and Quarter Sessions were not transferred to the county
commissions. Voters m each county now elected the sheriff, coroner, clerk of court,
register of deeds, sur\x-yor and treasurer. Sheriffs continued to serve as tax collector.

Each county was divided into townships, a distinct innovation m North Carolina,
and the voters of each township elected two justices of the peace and a clerk who
served as the governing body of the township. The township board, under the direct
supervision ol its county commission, managed road and bridge construction,
maintenance and repair. The township boards also conducted property assessments
for taxation purposes. Each township had a constable and a school committee.

The post-war changes m county government w^re designed initially to favor the
Republican Party The party's base m North Carolina consisted at hrst of newly-
cnlranchised blacks who had been slaves just three years before, as well as of poorer
whites who had opposed secession and remained loyal to the Union throughout the
Civil War. Ending the ability of justices of the peace to dominate county governments
was meant to destroy forever the political power of the landowners, professional
people and merchants who had dominated state government before the war and, in
many cases, had led the secession movement. Most of the former ruling class had
been disenfranchised by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United
States because they had "engaged m insurrection or rebellion against the United
States, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereoU by actively supporting the
Confederacy These elites formed a new political party called the Conservative Party
devoted to restoring as much of the pre-war social and governmental system as was
possible under the circumstances. One of their primary targets was the new system
of county government contained m the Constitution of 1868.

Seven years after the signing of the Constitution of 1868 established county
commissions and townships, political control of state government shifted back to the
antebellum ruling class. They wasted little time m re-arrangmg the system of country
government to retain that control permanently A constitutional convention m 1875
amended the Constitution of North Carolina to allow the General Assembly to modify
the plan of county government established in 1868.

904

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

The legislature was quick to exercise its newly-won authority. County
commissions were not abolished outright, but their members would now be selected
by each county's justices of the peace rather than by vote of the people. And, while
county commissions retained most of the administrative responsibilities entrusted
to them in the 1868 constitution, their decisions on matters of substance required
approval of the majority of county justices, all of whom were elected by the legislature.
Justices of the peace administered all elections. In many counties, the board of
commissioners was appointed by the state legislative.

This troubling arrangement lasted for twenty years. The right of the people to
elect county commissioners was restored in most counties in 1895. At the same time,
the requirement that county commissions gain the approval of a majority of the
county's justices of the peace before their administrative decisions could be
implemented was repealed. Townships were stripped of their powers, but they were
retained as convenient administrative subdivisions, primarily for road building and
maintenance purposes. Finally, in 1905 the people of all 100 counties in North
Carolina regained direct control of their respective county commissions through the
ballot box.

Counties remain a fundamental unit of local government in North Carolina to
this day. They are not, however, completely independent entities. Nearly 50 years
ago, a majority of the North Carolina Supreme Court had this to say about the
relationship between counties and state government:

In the exercise ojordinaiy government Junctions, [counties] are simply agencies
of the State, constituted for the convenience ojlocal administration in certain portions
of the State's territory, and in the exercise of such Junctions they are subject to
almost unlimited legislative control, except when the power is restricted by
constitutional provisions.

This statement still adequately sums up the balance of power between counties
and the state in North Carolina. If the General Assembly decides to assign counties
any given power or responsibility and the state constitution does not specifically
prohibit it, county administrations must accept the legislatures decisions. The role
counties play in administering policies set by the General Assembly, however, shifts
almost constantly as successive generations of legislators adopt different policies and
implementation strategies.

Financial emergency and stress have often led state legislators to re-examine of
the allocation of governmental responsibiUties between state and local governments.
Until Governor Angus W McLean's administration (1925-1929), the state allowed
counties, cities and other local units almost unlimited freedom to borrow money and
issue bonds for various local purposes. Many counties, their commissions
unsophisticated in matters of governmental finance, issued too much debt and saw
their credit ratings drop to the point where they had to pay crippling rates of interest.

905

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Some couniies even faced bankruptcy because of their fiscal imprudence. Based on
this experience and recognizing a statewide concern with excessive local debt, the
legislature in 1927 established the County Government Advisory Commission, giving
it the statutory authority necessary to correct the situation. This commission worked
hard to reform local government financing throughout the state and its successor, the
Local Governnicin Commission, remains one of the bulwarks of North Carolina
government today.

Experience with xarious local arrangements ior road building and maintenance
had a comparable effect on state policy It is not accidental that North Carolina counties
are no longer responsible for this work. Reflecting the concern of the people of the
state, the General Assembly recognized that the states future economic interests
dictated a coordinated transportation planning and construction effort on a scale far
greater than an\- single county could undertake on its own. The legislators defined
state policy on roads accordingly and the impetus for transportation planning and
construction passed to the state.

Comparable re-defmitions of the proper balance of responsibilities between state
and county governments have become commonplace m the latter part of the 20th
century. Responsibility for operating schools, conducting elections, housing the states
system of lower courts and their records, maintaining property ownership and
mortgage records, enforcing much of the states criminal law, administering public
health and public welfare programs, and carrying on state programs designed to
promote the development of agriculture has shifted, m large measure, between the
county and the state level for much of this century Some of these functions are the
responsibility of county commissions, others are assigned to other county government
boards that have varying relationships with their respective county commission. It
appears clear, however, that North Carolina will continue to depend on its county
governments to carry out a large number of essential governmental operations for
the foreseeable future.

Each count)- m the state has a county commission, but no two commissions are
exactly alike. North Carolinas county commissions display a sometimes bewildering
diversity m size, term of office, method of election, method of selecting the chairman
and administrative structure. These variations usually bear no correlation to county
population or any other objective criteria. Fifty counties have commissions elected
at-large, while another 31 require commissioners to meet district residency
requirements, but am for election at large throughout the entire county Three counties
actually require nomination by district residency while conducting county commission
races at-large. A growing number of counties have either a combination of at-large
and district elected seats (1 1) or solely district-elected seats (5). In nearly all counties,
the commission chair is chosen by commissioners themselves. In Jackson County,
however, the chairman is elected separately by the voters. A referendum held m

906

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

, November, 1988, m Haywood County ended that county's elected chairmanship
I position as of November, 1990.

All county commissions are elected by vote of the people in partisan elections
held in November of even-numbered years, the same time as elections for members
of the General Assembly and other state officers. Not every county elects all members
of its commission every tvv^o years. Due to staggered four-year terms, two-year terms
and straight four-year terms, about half of the state's county commissioners are elected
at each general election. Newly-elected commissioners take office on the first Monday
in December following their election. Candidates for county commissioner do not
have to campaign as members of a political party in order to run for office, but this is
almost invariably the practice. After the 1988 elections, 364 of the 521 county
commissioners were Democrats and 157 were Republicans. This resulted in 68 of
the 100 county commissions being Democrat-controlled while 32 were Republican-
controlled.

Vacancies on county commissions are filled by appointment of the remaining
members. A person appointed to fill a vacancy must be a member of the same poUtical
party as the person he or she replaces if the former commissioner was elected as the
nominee of a poHtical party. The county executive committee of the party in question
has the right to be consulted before the appointment is made, although the commission
is not required by law to follow any advice the committee may give. If the vacancy
occurs in a two-year term or in the last two years of a four-year term, the appointment
is for the remainder of the unexpired term. If the vacancy occurs in the first two years
of a four-year term, the appointment runs only until the next general election, when
an election is held to fill the office for the remainder of the unexpired term.

Occasionally, a county commission finds itself deadlocked and unable to fill a
vacancy. Since nearly all of the county commissions have an odd number of members,
one vacancy can leave the remaining commissioners equally divided between two
candidates, so that neither candidate can receive a majority vote. Recognizing this
problem, state law provides that when a county commission fails to fill a vacancy in
its membership within 60 days, the clerk to the commission must report the vacancy
to the clerk of superior court, who must then fill the vacancy within 10 days after the
vacancy is reported.

State law also provides for another contingency that has not yet occurred among
North Carolina county commissions. If the number of vacancies on a commission
leaves it without a quorum, the chair must appoint enough members to make up a
quorum and the commission then proceeds to fill the vacancies. If the office of the
chair is one of those vacancies, the clerk of superior court may act in the chair's place
upon the petition of any remaining member of the commission or any five registered
voters of the county. Each appointee must be a member of the same political party as

907

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

the person he or she is to replace and that party's county executive committee must
be consuhed.

11 a newly-elected commissioner, due to illness or some other reason, is unable
to lake the oath of office in the December following his or her election, the oath
nia\' be administered al a later lime. The state constitution, however, requires public
olTicers to continue in olTicc until their successors are elected and have qualified by
taking the oaih of office. A member of a county commission who is defeated for
election or chooses not to seek re-election must continue in ofhce until a successor
takes the oath of oft ice.

In all counties, the commission itself must choose a vice-chair to act in the
absence or disability of the chair. Except m the nine counties mentioned, each
commission designates its chairman at its first regular meeting m December for a
term of one year. The method of selection varies according to local custom. In most
counties, the chair serves as long as he or she is re-elected and retains the conhdence
of his colleagues. In others, the commissioner who garnered the highest vote in the
general election is usually designated the chair. In still others, the chairmanship rotates
among the members.

The commission chair presides at all meetings. By law, chairs must vote on all
questions pending before a commission unless they are excused by a standing rule of
the board or b)' consent of the remaining members. Chairs may not, however, vote to
break a tie vote in which they participated. Chairs are generally recognized by law as
the chief executive officer of the county and may acquire considerable prestige and
influence by virtue of their position. While chairs have no more legal power than
other members of a commission, they do have special authority to declare states of
emergency under state laws governing riots and civil disorders. They also have the
statutory authority to call special meetings of the commission on their own initiative.

Commissions are required by state law to hold at least one meeting each month,
although they may meet as frequently as they deem necessary. Many county
commissions in North Carolina now hold two regular meetings each month.
Commissions may select any day of the month and any public place within the county
for their regular meetings. In the absence of a formal resolution of the commission
selecting some other time and place, however, state law requires county commissions
to meet on the first Monday of each month at the local county courthouse. State law
has never specified a time of day for regularly-scheduled county commission meetings;
however, many commissions currently meet at 10 a.m. In recent years, some
commissions have begun to hold some of their regular meetings in the evening to
allow greater public attendance.

Special commission meetings may be called by the chair or by a majority of the
other commissioners. State law provides specific rules for calling special meetings. A

908

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

special meeting must be called by written notice stating the time and place of the
meeting and the subjects to be considered. The notice must be posted on the
courthouse bulletin board and delivered to each member of the commission at least
48 hours before the meeting. Unless all members attend or sign a written waiver,
only business related to the subjects stated in the notice may be transacted at a
special meeting. The usual rules do not apply to special meetings called to deal
with an emergency, which is not defined by state law. Even when calling a session
for an emergency, however, the persons who call the meeting must take "reasonable
action to inform the other members and the public of the meeting."

County commissions are subject to the Open Meetings Statute of 1971. This
law forbids most public bodies, both state and local, to hold meetings that are not
open to the public. The General Assembly has revised the law during the last decade
to simplify its language and remove many exceptions to the general rule that public
bodies must meet m open session. In general, the law prohibits a majority of the
members of a county commissioners from gathering together in closed or secret session
for a purpose of "conducting hearings, participating in deliberations or voting upon
or otherwise transacting pubHc business," except when the subject of discussion falls
within one of the exceptions set out in the statute. The exceptions are:

Acquisition, lease or sale of property.

Negotiations with county employees or their representatives or
independent contractors as to the terms or conditions of employment.

Matters concerning hospital management, operation and discipline.

Any matter falling under physician-patient or lawyer-client privilege.

Conferences with legal counsel and other deliberations concerning court
actions or proceedings.

Matters relating to the location or expansion of industries or other
businesses.

Matters relating to contingency plans for riots, civil disorders or other
emergencies involving criminal misconduct.

The law leaves most procedural matters to the discretion of the commission, but
It does set out a few rules that must be followed. The commission may take no action
unless a quorum is present and the law defines a quorum as a majority of the full
membership of the commission without regard to vacancies. For example, a quorum
of a ftve-member board is always three members, even though there may be two
vacancies. Once a quorum is present at a meeting, a member cannot destroy the
quorum by leaving the room without the consent of the remaining members. The
law provides that if a member withdraws from the meeting room without being excused
by a majority of the members remaining, he or she is counted as present for quorum
purposes. The board also has the legal power to command the sheriff to take absent

909

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

members into custody and bring them to the meeting place. Such action, however,
can be taken only when a citiortim is already present. State law requires all members
10 \oie on each question that comes before the commission unless they are excused
b\- their colleagues. Excuses are permitted only when the matter before the
commission concerns the financial interest or oflicial conduct of the member
requesting the excuse. Although this duty is clearly present in the law, there are no
enforcemcm jirovisions lor ii.

Commissions are required lo make certain that the clerk to the commission
keeps full and accurate mmulcs o( its proceedings. The minute book must be open
lo public inspection and ihc results of each vote taken by the commission must be
recorded in it. Each member has the right to demand a roll-call vote on any question
put to the commission and when such a demand is made, the names of those voting
on each side of the question must be recorded.

Commissions ha\c the power to adopt their own written rules of procedure. The
only legal restraint on these rules is that they must be "in the spirit of generally
accepted principles of parliamentary procedure." Except lor the few special powers
held by the commission chair, the legal powers and duties of county commissioners
are \'ested m the commission acting as a body. An individual commissioner has no
power of his or her own. When meeting with fellow commissioners m a validly-
called and held meeting, however, a majority of the commission has and may exercise
control of those functions of county government entrusted to the care of the county
commissioners. Commissions take formal action m one of three ways — through
orders, resolutions and ordinances. Although these terms are often used
interchangeably, their definitions may be useful to illustrate how a commission acts.

Orders usually direct a county administrative officer to take or refrain from taking
a specified action. For example, a commission may enter an order directing the county
manager to advertise for bids for a new office building. An order may also formally
declare the existence of a given state of fact, such as an order declaring the results of
a bond election. Finally an order may sometimes be used to decide a question before
commission, such as an order awarding a construction contract to the lowest
responsible bidder.

Resolutions usually express the consensus of a commission on a question before
It. For example, a commission may adopt a resolution requesting the countys legislative
delegation to introduce a local bill or it may resolve to petition the N.C. Department
of Transportation to pave a rural road.

An ordinance is a formal legislative action of the commission. An ordinance is
the county-level equivalent of an act of the General Assembly Commissions adopt

910

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

ordinances governing such varied matters as zoning, subdivision control, stray
dogs and cats, use of county parking lots, street numbers on rural roads, use of the
county landfill and other legislative matters.

State law does not regulate the manner in which orders and resolutions are
adopted by county commissions, beyond the minimum requirements of a valid
meeting at which a quorum is present. There are, however, several laws governing
the adoption of ordinances. An ordinance may be adopted at the meeting in which
it is introduced only if it receives a unanimous affirmative vote, all members of the
commission present and voting. If it passes with a less-than-unanimous vote, it
may be finally passed by a majority vote at any time within 100 days after its
introduction. This rule does not apply to budget ordinances, which may be passed
at any meeting at which quorum is present, or to bond ordinances, which always
require a public hearing before passage and, in most cases, approval by the voters
as well. The law also doesn't apply to any ordinance, such as a zoning ordinance,
that state law requires a pubHc hearing on before adoption.

Once an ordinance is adopted, it must be hied m an ordinance book that is
separate from the minute book. The ordinance book must be indexed and made
available for public inspection. The budget ordinance, bond ordinances and ordinances
of "limited interest or transitory nature" may be omitted from the ordinance book,
but the book must contain a section showing the caption of each omitted ordinance
and the page in the minute book in which it appears. County commissions have the
statutory authority to adopt and issue entire codes of ordinances.

In the course of a normal year, a county commission in North Carolina will hold
several public hearings. Some hearings, such as those held for the county budget or
bonds or zoning ordinances, are required by state law. Some commissions hold public
hearings on their own initiative to give interested citizens an opportunity to make
their views known to the commission on controversial issues such as animal control
ordinances. Laws requiring public hearings do not set out how the hearing must be
conducted; they only require that one be held. The law does, however, allow a
commission to adopt reasonable rules governing the conduct of public hearings.
These rules may regulate such matters as the time allotted to each speaker, designating
spokesmen for groups, selecting delegates from groups when the hearing room is too
small to hold everyone who wants to attend and maintaining order and decorum.

State law dictates many, if not most, features of county government organization.
Sheriffs and registers of deeds are elected by vote of the people. Each county has a
board of education, a board of health, a board of social services and a board of elections.
Many North Carolina counties now have a board of alcoholic beverage control.
Commissioners directly appoint their county's tax supervisor, tax collector, county
attorney, county manager and clerk to the county commission. Every county has a

911

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 i

number o( county departments, agencies and offices that the county commission |
administers without state intervention. Commissions have the authority to organize I
their county's go\crnmcnt in any way they see fit.

Except two counties in which the commission chair is a full-time administrative I
officer, each county commission in North Carolina has the discretionary authority
to adopt tlic county manager form of government by appointing a manager. The
commission must ha\'c a clerk, who is responsible for keeping the minute book and '
the ordinance book. The clerk also has a wide variety of miscellaneous duties, all
directly related to official actions of the commission. In the past, registers of deeds '
usually doubled as clerk to the county commission, but this custom is quickly fading.
A few commissions now ha\e a clerk solely dedicated to providing administrative ,
staff support to the commission. N4ost commissions, however, have designated some
count}- olficial or employee such as the manager or iinance officer to act as clerk. |
Clerks are appointed directly by commissions and serve at their pleasure. |

County commissions must appoint a county attorney, who serves as the '
commissions legal adviser. The county attorneys duties vary from county to county, '
as does the amount and method of their compensation. A few counties have established
a full-time position of county attorney. In those counties, the county attorney may
pro\ide legal services to nearly all county agencies except the board of education, ,
which always employs its own attorney The county attorney is not appointed to a
definite term, instead serving at the pleasure of the county commission. \

912

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

formed: 1849
population: 133,596

Alamance

! 124 W. Elm St., Graham, 27253

county seat: Graham

dcrk of court: (336) 438-1002

North Carohna Senate

I Hugh Webster, republican 21st-Caswell

North CaroUna House of Representatives

Gary D. AUred, republican 2 5th- Alamance

WB. league, Jr., republican 25th-Alamance

E. Nelson Gole, democrat 25th-Rockingham

www.alamance-nc.com

Alamance Gounty gets its name from Alamance Greek on the banks of which was
fought the battle between the Golonial troops under Governor Tryon and the
Regulators on May 17, 1771.

Alexander

255 Liledoun Rd., Taylorsville, 28681

county seat: Taylorsville

clerk of court: (828) 632-2215

North Carolina Senate

Kenneth R. Moore, republican
John A. Garwood, republican

North Carolina House of

R. Tracy Walker, republican
George M. Holmes, republican
Edgar Starnes, republican

www.co.alexander.nc.us

formed: 1847
population: 33,962

27th-Galdwell
27th-Wilkes

Representatives

41st-Wilkes
41st-Yadkin
91st-Galdwell

Alexander Gounty was named in honor of William J. Alexander of Mecklenburg
Gounty, several times a member of the Legislature and speaker of the House of
Commons.

913

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Alleghany

www.sparta-nc.com

formed: 1859
popidcUion: 10,736

1 2th-Rockingham

12ih-Watauga

P.O. Box 366, Sparta, 28675

county scat: Spana

clerk of court: (336) 372-8949

North Carolina Senate

Philip E. Bcrger, rcpubluan
\'irginia Foxx, republican

North CaroHna House of Representatives

Eugene W. Wilson, republican 40th-Watauga

William S. Hiall, republican 40th-SuiTy

Rex L. Baker, republican 40th-Siokes

Alleghany Count)' was named for a Native American Indian tribe. The name is derived
from the Delaware tribes name for the Alleghany and Ohio Rivers and is said to have
meant "a fine stream,"

Anson

Courthouse, 114 N. Greene St., Wadesboro, 28170 www.co.Anson.nc.us

county seat: Wadesboro formed: 25,324

clerk of court: (704) 694-2314 population: 25,324

North Carolina Senate

Aaron W. Plyler, democrat 17th-Union

William R. Purcell, democrat 17th-Scotland

North Carolina House of Representatives

Pryor A. Gibson, III, democrat 33rd-Montgomery

Anson County was named m honor of George, Lord Anson, a celebrated English
admiral who circumnavigated the globe.

Ashe

150 Government Circle, Jefferson, 28640

county seat: Jefferson formed: 1799

clerk of court: (336) 246-5641 population: 24,806
North Carolina Senate

Philip E. Berger, republican 12th-Rockingham

Virginia Foxx, republican 12th-Watauga

www.ashechamber.com

914

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

, North Carolina House of Representatives

jW Eugene Wilson, republican 40th-Watauga

I William S. Hiatt, republican 40th-Surry

Rex L. Baker, republican 40th-Stokes

Ashe County was named in honor of Samuel Ashe, a Revolutionary patriot, superior
court judge and Governor of the state.

Avery

Administration Bldg., P.O. Box 640, Newland, 28657 www.banner-elk.com

county seat: Newland formed: 1911

clerk of court: (828) 733-2900 population: 17,706

North Carolina Senate

Kenneth R. Moore, republican 27th-Caldwell

John A. Garwood, republican 27th- Wilkes

North Carolina House of Representatives

Gregory J. Thompson, republican 46th-Mitchell

Charles E Buchanan, republican 46th-Mitchell

Avery County was named in honor of Colonel Waightstill Avery, a soldier of the
Revolution and Attorney General of North Carolina.

Beaufort

121 W. 3rd St., Washington, 27889 www.co.beaufort.nc.us/

county seat: Washington formed: 1712

clerk of court: (252) 946-5184 population: 45,332

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

Ed N. Warren, democrat 9th-Pitt

North Carolina House of Representatives

Zeno L. Edwards, Jr., democrat 2nd-Beaufort

Beaufort County is named in honor of Henry Somerset, Duke of Beaufort, who, in
1709, became one of the Lords Proprietor.

915

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Bertie

P.O. Bo.\ 530 Windsor, 27983

coimtv seal: Windsor
dcrkojioun: U^2) 794-3039

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnighi, dcmocnil
l-rank W. Ballancc, Jr., democrat

North Carolina House of Representatives

Richard Eugene Rogers, dcmotrat 6th-Martin

Howard J. Hunlcr, Jr., democrat 5th-Northampton

Beriie Counl)- was named m honor of James Bertie, Lord Proprietor.

www.co.bertie.nc.us

formed: Mil
population: 19,855

Ist-Dare
2nd-Warren

Bladen

Courthouse, Elizabethtown, 28337 www.ncse.org/bladen.html

counr V .scciL- ElizabethtowTi formed: 1734

derk of court: (910) 862-2143 population: 32,417

North Carolina Senate

R. C. Soles, Jr., democrat 18th-Columbus

Da\id Weinstein, democrat 30th-Robeson

North Carolina House of Representatives

Edd Nye, democrat 96th-Bladen

Bladen County was named in honor of Martin Bladen, one of the members of the
Board of Trade and Plantations, which had charge of colonial affairs.

Brunswick

Government Ctr., Box 249, Bolivia, 28422 www.brunsco.net/welcome.htm

county scdt: Bolivia formed: 1764

clerk of court: (910) 253-8502 population; 76,904

North Carolina Senate

R. C. Soles, Jr., c/cniot;c(t 18th-Columbus

North Carolina House of Representatives

Thomas E. Wright, democrat 98th-New Hanover

E. David Redwine, democrat 14th-Brunswick

Dewey L. Hill, denuKrat 14th-Columbus

Brunswick County was named m honor of the town of Brunswick, which in turn was
named for King George 1, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg.

916

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS

CHAPTER TWELVE

www.buncombecounty.org

formed: 1791
population: 208,592

42nd-Macon

28th-Buncombe

Buncombe

Courthouse, Asheville, 28801

county seat: Asheville

clerk of court: (828) 255-4702

North CaroHna Senate

Robert C. Carpenter, republican
Charles Carter, democrat
Stephen M. Metcalf, democrat

North Carohna House of Representatives

Martin L. Nesbitt, Jr., democrat 51st-Buncombe

Mark Crawford, republican 51st-Buncombe

Wilma M. Sherrill, republican 51st-Buncombe

Trudi Walend, republican 68th-Transylvania

Buncombe County was named in honor of Colonel Edward Buncombe, a
Revolutionary soldier who was wounded and captured at the battle of Germantown,
October 4, 1777, and, m May of 1778, died a paroled prisoner in Philadelphia.

Burke

P.O. Box 219, 200 Avery Ave., Morganton, 28680-0219 www.co.burke.nc.us

formed: 1777
population: 89,025

28th-Buncombe
2 7th- Wilkes
28th-Buncombe
27th-Caldwell

county seat: Morganton

clerk of court: (828) 432-2806

North Carolina Senate

Charles Carter, democrat
John Garwood, republican
Stephen M. Metcalf, democrat
Kenneth R. Moore, republican

North Carolina House of Representatives

Walter G. Church, Sr., democrat 47th-Burke

Charles ¥. Buchanan, republican 46th-Mitchell

Mitch Gillespie, republican 49th-McDowell

Gregory J. Thompson, republican 46th-Mitchell

Burke County was named in honor of Dr. Thomas Burke, a member of the Continental
Congress and Governor of North Carolina from 1781-1782.

917

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Cabarrus

Govt. Center, Box 707, Concord, 28025 www.co.cabarrus.nc.us

countv scat: Concord jovmcd: 1792

clerk of iourl: (704) 786-4137 popuinUon: 136,312

North Carolina Senate

Fletcher L. Harisell, Jr., icpuhlican 22nd-Cabarrus

North Carolina House of Representatives

Bobby H. Barbee, Sr., republican 82nd-Stanly

Jcffrc)- L. Barnhari, republican 81st Cabarrus

Linda P. Johnson, republican 90th-Cabarrus

Cabarrus County was named in honor of Stephen Cabarrus of Edenton, several
times a member of the legislature and four times Speaker of the House of Commons.

Caldwell

905 West Avenue, NW, P.O. Box 2200, Lenoir, 28645 www.co.caldwell.nc.us

county seat: Lenoir formed: 1841

clerk of court: (828) 757-1375 population: 77.622

North Carolina Senate

John Garwood, republican 27th Wilkes

Kenneth R. Moore, republican 27th-Caldwell

North Carolina House of Representatives

Charles F. Buchanan, republican 46th-Mitchell

Gregory J. Thompson, republican 46th-Mitchell

Edgar \' Starnes, republican 91st-Caldwell

Caldw^ell County was named m honor of Joseph Caldwell, the first president of the
University of North Carolina. He strongly advocated a public school system and a
railroad which would run across the center of the state from Morehead City to
Tennessee.

Camden

Courthouse, 117 N. 343, Camden, 27921 www.ecamden.ee

county seat: Camden formed: 1777

clerk of court: (252) 331-4871 population: 7,024

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

North Carolina House of Representatives

William C. Owens, Jr., democrat Ist-Pasquotank

918

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

; Camden County was named in honor of Charles Pratt, Earl of Camden, British
! jurist and Member of Parhament. Camden opposed taxation of the American
I colonies.

Carteret

Courthouse Square, Beaufort, 28516 www.co.carteret.nc.us

county seat: Beaufort formed: 1722

clerk of court: (252) 728-8500 population: 59,601

North Carolina Senate

Patrick J. Ballantine, republican 4th-New Hanover

Scott Thomas, democrat 3rd-Craven

North Carolina House of Representatives

Jean Rouse Preston, republican 4th-Carteret

Ronald L. Smith, democrat 4th Carteret

Carteret County is named in honor of Sir John Carteret, Earl of Granville, and one of
the Lords Proprietor.

Caswell

Courthouse, Yanceyville, 27379 w^ww. caswellnc.com

county scat: Yanceyville formed: 1771

clerk of court: (336) 694-4171 population: 23,713

North Carolina Senate

Hugh Webster, republican 21st-Caswell

North Carolina House of Representatives

Cary D. AUred, republican 25th-Alamance

E. Nelson Cole, democrat 25th-Rockingham

W.B. league, Jr., republican 25th-Alamance

Caswell County was named in honor of Richard Caswell, member of the first
Continental Congress, first Governor of North Carolina after the Declaration of
Independence and Major General m the Revolutionary Army.

919

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Catawba

P.O. Box 389, Newton, 28658 www.cocatawba.nc.us

counlv <,cat: Ncwion ja/'mcci: 1842

clerk of coiui: (828) 466-6100 population: 145,113

North Carolina Senate

Austin M. Allran, icpublican 26lh-Caiawba

North Carolina House of Representatives

Miichell S. Selzcr, icpuhhcan 43rd-Catawba

Charles F. Buchanan, rcpiihhcan 46th-Mitchell

Joe L. Kiser, icpuhhcan 45th-Lincoln

Gregory J. Themipson, icpuhhcan 46th-Mitchell

Edgar \'. Siarnes, icpuhhcan 91st-Caldwell

Mark K. Hilton, icpuhlican 45lh-Catawba

Catawba Count)' was named for a Native American Indian tribe that lived in that
part o^ the state.

Chatham

P.O. Box 87, Pittsboro, 27312 www.co.chatham.nc.us

counfv sctif; Pittsboro foiincd: 1771

clcvk of court: (919) 542-3240 population: 50,954

North Carolina Senate

EUie Kinnaird, democrat 16th-Orange

Howard N. Lee, democrat 16th-Orange

North Carolina House of Representatives

V'erla Insko, democrat 24th-Orange

Arlie F. Culp, repuhhcan 30th-Randolph

Joe Hackney, democrat 24th-Orange

Chatham County was named in honor of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, an eloquent
defender of the American cause m the English Parliament during the Revolution.

Cherokee

Courthouse, 75 Peachtree St., Murphy, 28906

www.main.nc.us/cherokee/index.html

county seat: Murphy formed: 1839

clerk of court: (828) 837-2522 population: 24,702

920

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

North Carolina Senate

Robert Carpenter, repubUcan 42nd-Macon

North Carolina House of Representatives

Roger West, republican 53rd-Cherokee

Cherokee County was named in honor of the Native American Indian tribe which
still inhabits the western part of the state.

Chowan

P.O. Box 1030, Edenton, 27932 www^.co.chowan.nc.us

county scat: Edenton formed: 1670

clerk of court: (252) 482-2323 population: 14,538

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

North Carolina House of Representatives

William T. Culpepper, III, democrat 86th-Chowan

Chowan County was named in honor of the Native American Indian tribe that
inhabited the northeastern part of North Carolina at the time of colonial settlement.

Clay

Courthouse, RO. Box 118, Hayesville, 28904 www.main.nc.us/clay

county seat: Hayesville formed: 1861

clerk of court: (828) 389-8334 population: 9,018

North Carolina Senate

Robert Carpenter, republican 42nd-Macon

North Carolina House of Representatives

Roger West, republican 53rd-Cherokee

Clay County was named in honor of Henry Clay, an antebellum
U.S. Senator and Presidential candidate.

921

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Cleveland

100 Justice Place, Shelby, 28150 www.clevelandcounty.com

tounly Sc-tiC Shelby formed: 1841

ilcrk of court: (704) 484-4851 population: 96,808

North Carolina Senate

Waller Dallon, democrat 37lh-Ruiherford

David Hoylc, democrat 25th-Gaston

North Carolina House of Representatives

Debbie A. Clary republican 48th-Cleveland

John Hugh Wcalhcrly republican 48th-Cleveland

Andrew T. Dedmon, democrat 48th-Cleveland

Cleveland County was named m honor of Colonel Benjamni Cleveland, a noted
partisan leader of the western Carolina frontier during the Revolutionary War era
and one of the commanding ofhcers of the American patriot lorces at the Battle of
Kings Mountain.

Columbus

1 1 1 \Mishinglon St., Whiteville, 28472 www.columbus.nc.us

county seat: Whiteville formed: 1808

clerk of court: (910) 641-3000 populatwn: 54,828

North Carolina Senate

R. C. Soles, Jr., democrat 18th-Columbus

North Carolina House of Representatives

Dew^ev L. Hill, democrat 14th-Columbus

E. Da\id Redwine, democrat 14th-Brunswick

Thomas E. Wright, denwcrat 98th-New Hanover

Columbus Countv was named m honor of the discoverer of the New World.

922

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Craven

Adm. Bldg., 406 Craven St., New Bern, 28560 www.cravencounty.com

county seat: New Bern formed: 1705

clerk of court: (252) 514-4774 population: 91,970

North Carolina Senate

Scott Thomas, democrat 3rd-Craven

North CaroUna House of Representatives

Zeno L. Edwards, democrat 2nd-Beaufort

William L. Wainwright, democrat 79th-Craven

Alice G. Underhill, democrat 3rd-Craven

Craven was first created as the Archdale Precinct of Bath County in 1705. The name
was changed about 1712 to honor William, Lord Craven, one of the Lords Proprietor
of Carolina. The county seat was first called Chattawaka (or Chattoocka), then
changed to Newbern in 1723. State legislators legalized the current spelling, New
Bern, in 1897.

Cumberland

Courthouse, 117 Dick St., Fayetteville, 28301 www.co.cumberland.nc.us

county seat: Fayetteville formed: 1754

clerk of court: (910) 678-2902 population: 301,098

North Carolina Senate

Anthony E. Rand, democrat 24th-Cumberland

David E Weinstein, democrat 30th-Robeson

Larry Shaw, democrat 41st-Cumberland

North Carolina House of Representatives

Douglas Y. Yongue, democrat 16th-Scotland

Marvin W Lucas, democrat 17th-Cumberland

Mary McAllister, democrat 17th-Cumberland

Mia Morris, republican 18th-Cumberland

John W Hurley, democrat 18th-Cumberland

Alex Warner, democrat 75th-Cumberland

Edd Nye, democrat 96th-Bladen

Cumberland County was named in honor of William Augustus, Duke of
Cumberland, third son of King George, 111 of Great Britain. Cumberland crushed
the Jacobite uprising in Scotland at Culloden in 1746. The subsequent clearance of
the Scots Highlands launched a wave of emigrants to the North Carolina frontier.

923

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Currituck

Courthouse, Currituck, 27929 www.co.currictuck.nc.us

county seal: Currituck jormcd: 1668

clerk of anul: (252) 232-2010 population: 18,839

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnighi, cicnwcnU Ist-Dare

North CaroHna House of Representatives

W C. "Bill" Owens, Jr., democrat Ist-Pasquotank

Currituck Count)' is traditionally said to be named after a Native American Indian
word for the regions indigenous wild geese, "Coratank."

Dare

Administration Bldg., Manteo, 27954 wsvw.co.dare.nc.us

county seat: Manteo jormed: 1870

clerk of court: (252) 473-2950 population: 31,209

North CaroHna Senate

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

North CaroHna House of Representatives

William T. Culpepper, 111, democrat 86th-Chowan

Dare County was named in honor of Virginia Dare, the first child born of English
parents in North America.

Davidson

Governmental Center, 913 Greensboro St., Lexington, 27292 www.co.davidson.nc.us

county seat: Lexington formed: 1822

clerk of court: (336) 249-0351 population: 149,104

North Carolina Senate

Robert G. Shaw, republican 19th-Guilford

Cal Cunningham, democrat 23rd-Davidson

Stan Bingham, republican 38th-Davidson

924

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

North Carolina House of Representatives

Jerry C. Dockham, republican 94th-Davidson

Julia C. Howard, repuhlican 74th-Davie

L. Hugh HoUiman, democrat 37th-Davidson

John M. Blust, republican 27th-Guilford

Davidson County was named in honor of General William Lee Davidson, an
American patriot commanding officer killed in action at Cowans Ford.

www.co.davie.nc.us

formed: 1836
population: 36,232

Davie

123 S. Main St., Mocksville, 27028

county seat: Mocksville

clerk of court: (336) 751-3507

North Carolina Senate

Stan Bingham, republican 38th-Davidson

North Carolina House of Representatives

Julia C. Howard, republican 74th-Davie

Davie County was named in honor of William Richardson Davie, Revolutionary soldier,
a member of the Federal Convention of 1787, Governor of North Carolina, special
envoy extraordinaire and minister plenipotentiary to France and one of the founders
of the University of North Carolina.

ww^w.duplincounty.org

Duplin

PO. Box 910, Kenansville, 28349

county seat: Kenansville

clerk of court: (910) 296-1686

North Carolina Senate

Charles W Albertson, democrat

North Carolina House of Representatives

Russell E. Tucker, democrat lOth-Duplin

Larry Moseley Bell, democrat 97th-Sampson

Duplin County was named in honor of Thomas Hay, Lord Duplin, an English
nobleman and member of the Board of Trade and Plantations.

formed: 1750
population: 49,597

5th-Duplin

925

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Durham

Gov. Administralion Complex, Durham, 27701 www.co.durham.nc.us

anmtv .saU: Durham jonncd: 1881

dcrk ol ioitrt: (919) 564-7070 popukuum: 228,086

North Carolina Senate

Jeanne H. Lucas, demon at 13th-Durham

Wilbur Gullcy, democrat 1 3th-Durham

North Carolina House of Representatives

Paul Lucl^kc, democrat 23rd-Durham

Henry M. Michaux, democrat 23rd-Durham

Jennifer Weiss, demoirat 63rd-Wake

Russell J. Capps, republican 92nd-Wake

George Miller, Jr., democrat 23rd-Durham

Durham Count)' lakes ils name h-om the county seat, which m turn was named in
honor of Dr. Bartleti Snipes Durham, who donated the land on which the railroad
station was located.

Edgecombe

Adm. Bldg., Box 10, Tarboro, 27886 www.edgecombe.cc.nc.us/county

countv seat: Tarboro jormed: 1741

derk of court: (252) 823-6161 population: 54,698

North Carolina Senate

A. B. Swindell, democrat lOth-Nash

R. L. Martin, democrat 6th-Pitt

North Carolina House of Representatives

John D. Hall, denwcrat 7th-Halifax

Milton k Fitch, Jr., democrat 70th-Wilson

Joe P. Tolson, democrat 71st-Edgecombe

Edith D. Warren, democrat 8th-Pitt

Edgecombe County was named in honor of Richard Edgecombe, an English
nobleman. Member of Parliament and a lord of the Treasury who became Baron
Edgecombe in 1742.

926

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Forsyth

700 Hall of Justice, Winston-Salem, 27101 www.co.forsyth.nc.us

county seat: Winston-Salem formed: 1849

devk of court: (336) 761-2250 population: 310,331

North Carolina Senate

Hamilton C. Horton, Jr., republican 20th-Forsyth

Stan Bingham, republican 38th- Davidson

Linda Garrou, democrat 20th-Forsyth

North Carolina House of Representatives

Lyons Gray, republican 39th-Forsyth

■ Michael P. Decker, republican 84th-Forsyth

Theresa H. Esposito, republican 88th-Forsyth

Larry W Womble, democrat 66th-Forsyth

' Warren Claude Oldham, democrat 67th-Forsyth

; P. Wayne Sexton, republican 73rd-Rockingham

Forsyth County was named in honor of Colonel Benjamin Forsyth, a native of Stokes
County who was killed on the Canadian border in the War of 1812.

Franklin

113 Market St., Louisburg, 27549 www.co.franklin.nc.us

county seat: Louisburg formed: 1779

clerk of court: (919) 496-5104 population: 48,818

North Carolina Senate

Allen H. Wellons, democrat 1 1 th-Johnston

North Carolina House of Representatives

Billy J. Creech, republican 20th-Johnston

Gordon P Allen, democrat 22nd-Person

James W Crawford, Jr., democrat 22nd-Granville

Franklin County was named in honor of Benjamin Franklin.

927

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Gaston

P.O. Box 1578, Gaslonia, 28053

county seat: Gaslonia

dcrh of court: (704) 852-3100

North Carolina Senate

David Hoyle, democrat
James Forrester, republican

North Carolina House of Representatives

www.co.gaston.nc.us

formed: 1846
population: 191,110

25th-Gaston
39th-Gaston

Daniel \V. Barefoot, democrat
Andrew T. Dedmon, democrat
Debbie A. Clary, republican
Michael Harrington, republican
John M. Rayfteld, republican
Mark K. Hilton, republican
Joe L. Kiser, republican
John Hugh Weatherly, republican

44th-Lincoln

48th-Cleveland

76th-Gaston

93rd-Gaston

45th Catawba

45th-Lincoln

48th-Cleveland

Gaston County was named m honor of William Gaston, a member of the U.S.
Congress and a Justice of the Supreme Court of North Carolina.

Gates

Courthouse, Gatesville, 27938

county seat: Gates\alle

clerk of court: {152) 357-1365

North Carolina Senate

Frank W Ballance, Jr., democrat

North Carolina House of Representatives

Howard J. Hunter, Jr., democrat 5th-Northampton

Gates County was named m honor of General Horatio Gates, who commanded the
American Army at the Battle of Saratoga during the Revolutionary War.

www.albemarle-nc.com/gates

formed: 1779
population: 10,560

2nd-Warren

928

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS

CHAPTER TWELVE

www.main.nc.us/graham/index.htm

Jormed: 1872
population: 8,033

42nd-Macon

Graham

Courthouse, Robbinsville, 28771

county seat: RobbmsviUe
clerk of court: (828) 479-7986

North CaroHna Senate

Robert C. Carpenter, republican

North Carohna House of Representatives

R. Phillip Haire, democrat 52nd-Jackson

Margaret M, Carpenter, republican 52nd-Haywood

Graham County was named in honor of William A. Graham, United States Senator,
Governor of North Carolina, Secretary of the Navy and a Senator in the Confederate
Congress.

Granville

P.O. Box 906, Oxford, 27565

county seat: Oxford

clerk of court: (919) 693-2649

North Carohna Senate

Wilbur P Gulley, democrat
Jeanne Lucas, democrat

North Carohna House of Representatives

James W Crawford, Jr., democrat 22nd-Granville

Stanley H. Fox, democrat 78th-Granville

Gordon P Allen, democrat 22nd-Person

Granville County was named in honor of John Carteret, Earl of Gran\alle and Lord
Proprietor, who owned the Granville District.

www.granvillecounty.org

Jormed: 1746
population: 49,670

13th-Durham
13th-Durham

929

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

www.co.greene.nc.us

Greene

229 Kingold Boulevard, Suite D, Snow Hill, 28580

toimtv scat: Snow Hill joiincd: 1799

dcvh of amrl: (252) 747-3505 population: 19,000

North Carolina Senate

John H, Kerr, 111. dcmocnU 8th-Wa)Tie

North Carolina House of Representatives

Marian N. McLawhorn, democrat 9th-Pitt

Edilh D. Warren, democrat 8th-Pitt

Carolyn B. Russell, republican 77th-Wayne

Greene County was originally named in honor of James Glasgow, North Carolina
Secretary of State during the Revolutionary War era. When Glasgow became publicly
involved in land frauds, however, state legislators changed the county's name to honor
Gen. Nathanael Greene, whose leadership of the American patriot army in South
Carolina and North Carolina frustrated British attempts to hold onto the two colonies
and ultimately led to the surrender of Lord Charles Cornwallis' British army at
\'orktown.

Guilford

301 W. Market St., P.O. Box 3427, Greensboro, 27402www.co.guilford.nc.us

county scat: Greensboro

clerk of court: (336) 574-4302

North Carolina Senate

William N. Martin, democrat
Robert G. Shaw, republican
Kay R. Hagan, democrat
Philip Berger, republican
Virginia Foxx, republican

formed: 1771
population: 424,032

31st-Guilford
19th-Guilford
32nd-Guilford
12th-Rockingham
12 th- Watauga

North Carohna House of Representatives

Alma S. Adams, democrat
John M. Blust, republican
Flossie Boyd-Mclntyre, democrat
Joanne W Bowie, republican
Harold J. Brubaker, republican
Mary L. Jarrell, democrat
Margaret M. Jeffus, democrat
Michael P Decker, republican
Arlie F Gulp, republican

2 6th-Guilford

27th-Guilford

28th-Guilford

29th-Guilford

38th-Randolph

89th-Guilford

84th-Forsyth

30th-Randolph

930

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Guilford County was named in honor of Francis North, first Earl of Guilford. He
was father of the Lord North who was Prime Minister under George III during the
Revolution.

Halifax

Historic Courthouse, P.O. Box 38, Halifax, 27839 www.halifaxnc.com

county seat: Hahfax formed: 1758

clerk of court: (252) 583-5061 population: 57,134

North Carolina Senate

Frank W. Ballance, Jr., democrat 2nd-Warren

A. B. Swindell, democrat lOth-Nash

North Carolina House of Representatives

John D. Hall, democrat 7th-Halifax

James W. Crawford, Jr., democrat 22nd-Granville

Gordon P. Allen, democrat 22nd-Person

Halifax County was named in honor of George Montagu, second Earl of Halifax and
president of the Board of Trade and Plantations in London during the later colonial era.

Harnett

County Admin. Bldg., PO. Box 759, Lillington, 27546 wvrw.harnett.org

county seat: Lillington formed: 1855

clerk of court: (910) 893-5164 population: 93,684

North Carolina Senate

Oscar N. Harris, democrat 15th-Johnston

North Carolina House of Representatives

A Leslie Cox, Jr., democrat 19th-Lee

Donald S. Davis, republican 19th-Hamett

Harnett County was named in honor of Cornelius Harnett, an eminent Revolutionary
patriot, president of the Council of Safety, president of the Provincial Council, delegate
to the Continental Congress and author of the Hahfax Resolves of April 12, 1776.

931

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Haywood

Courlhousc, 215 N. Main St., Waynesville, 28786

www.gov.co.haywood.nc.us

county scat: Waynes\'ille jormcd: 1808

clerk of court: (828) 456-3540 population: 54,595

North CaroHna Senate

Robert C. Carpenter, republican 42nd-Macon

Dan Robinson, democrat 29th-Jackson

North Carolina House of Representatives

R. Phillip Haire, democrat 52nd-Jackson

Margaret M. Carpenter, republican 52nd-Haywood

Haywood County is named in honor of John Ha)^vood, Treasurer of North Carolina,
1787-1827.

Henderson

100 N. King St., Hendersonville, 28792 www.hendersoncountync.org

county seat: Hendersonville formed: 1838

clerk of court: (828) 697-4872 population: 91,544

North Carolina Senate

Dan Robinson, democrat 29th-Jackson

Robert Carpenter, republican 42nd-Macon

North Carolina House of Representatives

Larry T. Justus, republican 50th-Henderson

Trudi Walend, republican 68th-Transylvania

Henderson County was named in honor of Leonard Henderson, Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of North Carolina during the 1830s.

Hertford

County Office Bldg., #1, P.O. Box 116, Winton, 27986
www.cmedis.commerce.state.nc.us/outlook/hertcp.pdf

county seat: Winton formed: 1759

clerk of court: (252) 358-7845 population: 22,156

932

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS

CHAPTER TWELVE

North Carolina Senate

Frank W. Ballance, Jr., democrat 2nd-Warren

North Carolina House of Representatives

Howard J. Hunter, Jr., democrat 5th-Northampton

Richard Eugene Rogers, democrat 6th-Martin

Hertford County was named m honor of Francis Seymour Conway, Earl (later
Marquis) of Hertford, Lord of the Bedchamber and Knight of the Garter during the
reign of George 11.

Hoke

227 N. Main St., Box 210, Raeford, 28376 www.ncse.org/hoke.html

county seat: Raeford formed: 1911

clerk of court: (910) 875-3728 population: 34,844

North Carolina Senate

Aaron W Plyler, democrat
William R. Purcell, democrat
David Weinstein, democrat

North Carolina House of Representatives

Douglas Y. Yongue, democrat 16th-Scodand

Ronnie N. Sutton, democrat 85th-Robeson

Donald A. Bonner, democrat 87th-Robeson

Hoke County was named m honor of Robert F. Hoke, a major-general in the
Confederate States Army.

17th-Union

17th-Scotland

30th-Robeson

Hyde

Courthouse, Swan Quarter, 27885

county seat: Swan Quarter
clerk of court: (252) 926-4101

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

North Carolina House of Representatives

Zeno L. Edwards, democrat 2nd-Beaufort

albemarle-nc . com/hyde

formed: 1712
population: 5,742

933

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Hyde County was named in honor of Edward Hyde, a colonial Governor of North
Carolina and grandson of the Earl of Clarendon, one of the original Lords Proprietor.

Iredell

P.O. Box 788, Statcsvillc, 28687 www.co.iredell.nc.us

c('ii/i(v sfcff; Statcsvillc formed: 1788

clerk oj court: (704) 878-4204 popuhitum: 127,896

North Carolina Senate

James Forrester, republican 39th-Gaston

T. LaFontaine Odom, Sr., democrat 34th-Mecklenburg

Cal Cunningham, democrat 23rd-Davidson

North Carolina House of Representatives

BcN'crly M. Earle, democrat 60th-Mecklenburg

Mitchell S. Sctzer, republican 43rd-Iredell

W Franklin Mitchell, republican 42nd-Iredell

Iredell County was named in honor of James Iredell of Edenton. He was one of the
earliest post-colonial leaders in the state and advocated the adoption of the federal
Constitution. President George Washington appointed him a judge of the U.S. Supreme
Court in 1790.

Jackson

Jackson County Justice Center, 401 Grindstaff Cove Road, Sylva, 28779
main.nc.us/jackson

countv seat: Sylva jornwd: 1851

clerk of court: (828) 586-7511 population: 33,657

North Carolina Senate

Dan Robinson, democrat 29th-Jackson

Robert Carpenter, republican 42nd-Macon

North Carolina House of Representatives

R. Phillip Haire, democrat 52nd-Jackson

Roger West, republican 53rd-Cherokee

Margaret M. Carpenter, republican 52nd-Haywood

Jackson County was named m honor of Gen. Andrew Jackson, who won an
overwhelming victor)' over the British at New Orleans m 1815 and was twice elected
President of the United States.

934

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Johnston

Courthouse, Box 1049, Smithfield, 11511 www.co.johnston.nc.us

county seat: Smithfield formed: 1746

clerk of court: (919) 934-3191 population: 127,791

North CaroUna Senate

Allen H. Wellons, democrat llth-Johnston

Eric Miller Reeves, democrat 14th- Wake

Brad Miller, democrat 14th-Wake

Oscar N. Harris, democrat 15th-Harnett

North CaroUna House of Representatives

Billy J. Creech, republican 20th-Johnston

Namon Leo Daughtry, republican 95th-Johnston

Johnston County was named in honor of Gabriel Johnston, a colonial Governor of
North Carolina.

Jones

Administration Building, Box 340, Trenton, 28585 www.co.jones.nc.us

county seat: Trenton formed: 1779

clerk of court: (252) 448-7351 population: 10,303

North Carolina Senate

Charles W. Albertson, democrat 5th-Duplin

Kever M. Clark, democrat 7th-Onslow

North Carolina House of Representatives

Russell E. Tucker, democrat lOth-DupUn

William L. Wainwright, democrat 79th-Craven

Jones County was named in honor of Willie Jones of Halifax, who was one of the
leaders of the Revolution and president of the Council of Safety. Jones later opposed
the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. It was due chiefly to his influence
that the Convention of 1788 refused to ratify a federal Constitution.

935

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Lee

Lee County Govt. Center, Box 1968, Sanford, 27331-1968
www.leecountync.com

countv scat: Sanlcircl jovmcd: 1907

clcik of court: (919) 708-4414 population: 49,246

North Carolina Senate

Ellic Kinnaird, democrat 16lh-Orange

Howard N. Lee, democrat 16th-Orange

Oscar N. Harris, democrat 15th-Harnett

North Carolina House of Representatives

A. Leslie Cox, Jr., democrat 19th-Lee

Donald S. Davis, republican 19th-Harnett

Lee County was named m honor of Gen. Robert E. Lee, commander-in-chief of the
Confederate Army of Northern Virginia during the Civil War.

Lenoir

Courthouse, P.O. Box 3289, Kinston, 28501 www.co.lenoir.nc.us

county sai/; Kinston formed: 1791

clerk of court: (252) 527-6231 population: 59,292

North Carolina Senate

Kever M. Clark, democrat 7th-Onslow

John H. Kerr, III, democrat 8th-Wayne

Ed N. Warren, democrat 9th-Pitt

North Carolina House of Representatives

Philip A. Baddour, Jr., democrat 1 lth-Wa)Tie

Carolyn B. Russell, republican 77th-Wayne

William L. Wamwright, democrat 79th-Craven

Lenoir County was named m honor of William Lenoir, one of the commanders of
the x-Xmerican patriot army at the Batde of Kings Mountain during the Revolutionary
War.

936

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS

CHAPTER TWELVE

Lincoln

115 W. Main St., Lincolnton, 28092

county seat: Lincolnton

clerk of court: (704) 736-8568

North Carolina Senate

David Hoyle, democrat
Austin M. AUran, republican
Thomas L. Odom, Sr., democrat
James Forrester, republican

N.C. House of Representative

Daniel W. Barefoot, democrat
Mark K. Hilton, republican
Joe L. Kiser, republican

www.lincolncounty.org

formed: 1779
population: 65,402

25th-Gaston
26th-Catawba
34th-Mecklenburg
39th-Gaston

44th-Lmcoln

45th-Catawba

45th-Lincoln

Lincoln County was named in honor of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, a distinguished
general of the Revolution whom Gen. George Washington appointed to receive the
sword of Lord Charles CornwaUis when he surrendered his army at Yorktown.

Macon

Courthouse, Franklin, 28734

county seat: Franklin

clerk of court: (828) 349-2042

North Carolina Senate

Dan Robmson, democrat
Robert Carpenter, republican

North Carolina House of Representatives

Roger West, republican 53rd-Cherokee

www.main.nc.us/macon/macon.html

formed: 1828
population: 30,428

29th-Jackson
42nd-Macon

Macon County was named in honor of Nathaniel Macon, Speaker of the House of
Representatives, United States Senator and president of the states Constitutional
Convention of 1835.

937

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Madison

Courthouse, Box 579, Marshall, 28753 www.main.nc.us/madison/index.html

county scat: Marshall formed: 1851

clerk of court: (828) 649-2531 population: 19,780

North Carolina Senate

Charles Carter, democrat 28th-Buncombe

Stephen M. Metcalf, democrat 28th-Buncombe

North Carolina House of Representatives

R. Phillip Haire, democrat 52nd-Jackson

Margaret M. Carpenter, republican 52nd-Haywood

Madison County was named in honor of James Madison, fourth President of the
United States.

Martin

P.O. Box 668, Williamston, 27892 www.albemarle-nc.com/martin

county .s'fcif: WiUiamston formed: 1774

clerk of court: (252) 792-2515 population: 25,339

North Carolina Senate

R. L. Martin, democrat 6th-Pitt

Ed N. Warren, democrat 9th-Pitt

North Carolina House of Representatives

Richard Eugene Rogers, democrat 6th-Martin

John D. Hall, democrat 7th-Halifax

Edith D. Warren, democrat 8th-Pitt

Martin County was named in honor of Josiah Martin, the last Royal Governor of
North Carolina. It is probable that this county's name would have been changed like
those of Dobbs and Tryon but for the popularity of Alexander Martin, North Carolina
governor from 1782-1785 and again from 1789-1792.

938

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

McDowell

County Administration Bldg., 60 E. Court St., Marion, 28752
main.nc.us/mcdowellcounty

formed: 1842
population: 42,834

28th-Buncombe
28th-Buncombe

county seat: Marion

clerk of court: (828) 652-7717

North Carolina Senate

Charles Carter, democrat
Stephen M. Metcalf, democrat

North CaroUna House of Representatives

Mitch Gillespie, republican 49th-McDowell

McDowell County was named in honor of Colonel Joseph McDowell, an officer of
the American patriot army who fought at Kings Mountain and later served in the U.S.
Congress and as a member of the commission established to settle the boundary Une
between North Carolina and Tennessee.

Mecklenburg

Charlotte-Meek. Govt. Center, 600 E. 4th St., P.O. Box 31787, Charlotte, 28231
www.co.mecklenburg.nc.us

formed: 1762
population: 713,780

county seat: Charlotte

clerk of court: (704) 347-7811

North Carolina Senate

Charlie S. Dannelly democrat
Thomas L. Odom, Sr., democrat
Daniel Clodfelter, democrat
Robert A. Rucho, republican

33rd-Mecklenburg
34th-Mecklenburg
40th-Mecklenburg
35th-Mecklenburg

North Carolina House of Representatives

James B. Black, democrat
Drew R Saunders, democrat
W Edwin McMahan, republican
Martha B. Alexander, democrat
Constance K. Wilson, republican
Ruth Easterling, democrat
W Pete Cunningham, democrat
Beverly Earle, democrat
Jim Gulley, republican
Michael Harrington, republican
John M. Ray held, republican

36th-Mecklenburg

54th-Mecklenburg

55th-Mecklenburg

56th-Mecklenburg

57th-Mecklenburg

58th-Mecklenburg

59th-Mecklenburg

60th-Mecklenburg

69th-Mecklenburg

76th-Gaston

93rd-Gaston

Mecklenburg County was named in honor of Queen Charlotte Sophia of
Mecklenburg, wife of King George III.

939

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Mitchell

Administration Building, PO Box 409, Bakersville, 28705-0409
www.mitchcllcounty.org

couniv scat: Bakersville formed: 1861

clerk of anut: (828) 688-2161 population: 15,874

North Carolina Senate

John A. Garwood, rcpiihlkan 27th-Wilkes

Kenneth R. Moore, republican 27th-Caldwell

North Carohna House of Representatives

Charles F Buchanan, republican 46th-Mitchell

Gregory J. Thompson, republican 46th-Mitchell

Mitchell County was named m honor of Dr. Elisha Mitchell, a professor at the
University of North Carohna. While on an exploring expedition of Mt. Mitchell, the
highest peak cast of the Mississippi, Dr. Mitchell fell and was killed. He is buried on
top of the mountain.

Montgomery

P.O. Box 425, Troy, 27371

county scat: Troy formed: 1779

clerk of court: (910) 576-4211 popidation: 26,965

North Carolina Senate

Aaron J. Plyler, dcmocraf 17th-Union

William R. Purcell, democrat 17th-Union

North Carolina House of Representatives

G. Wa)Tie Goodwin, democrat 32nd-Richmond

Pr)^or A. Gibson, HI, democrat 33rd-Montgomery

Montgomery County was named m honor of Richard Montgomery who, in 1775,
lost his hfe at the Battle of Quebec during Gen. Benedict Arnolds disastrous attempt
to conquer Canada.

940

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Moore

! Courthouse Square, PO Box 905, Carthage, 28327 www.co.moore.nc.us

county seat: Carthage jormed: 1784

clerk oj court: (910) 947-2396 population: 76,358

North CaroUna Senate

lEllie Kinnaird, democrat 16th-Orange

j Howard Lee, democrat 16th-0range

North CaroHna House of Representatives

Douglas Y. Yongue, democrat 16th-Scotland

Richard T. Morgan, republican 31st-Moore

Moore County was named in honor of Captain Alfred Moore of Brunswick County, a
soldier in the American patriot army and a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States.

Nash

Administration Building, 120 W. Washington St., Nashville, 27856

county seat: Nashville Jormed: 1777

clerk of court: (252) 459-4081 population: 88,346

North Carolina Senate

A.B. Swindell, IV, democrat lOth-Nash

North Carolina House of Representatives

John D. Hall, democrat 7th-Hahfax

Billy J. Creech, republican 20th-Johnston

Milton F Fitch, Jr., democrat 70th-Wilson

Joe P. Tolson, democrat 71st-Edgecombe

Gene G. Arnold, republican 72nd-Nash

Nash County was named m honor of General Francis Nash of Hillsborough, who
was mortally wounded while fighting under George Washington at the Battle of
Germantown.

941

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

New Hanover

320 Chestnut St., Wilmington, 28401 www.co.new-hanover.nc.us

county scat: WUmingion formed: 1729

clerk of court: (910) 341-4430 population: 163,828

North CaroHna Senate

Patrick J. Ballantinc, republican 4th-New Hanover

Kever M. Clark, dcnu\ral 7th-Onslow

R. C. Soles, Jr., democrat 18th-Columbus

North Carolina House of Representatives

Daniel F. McComas, republican 13th-New Hanover

E. David Redwine, democrat 14th-Brunswick

Dewey L. Hill, democrat 14th-Columbus

Edd Nye, democrat 96th-Bladen

Thomas E. Wright, denwcrat 98th-New Hanover

New Hanox'cr County was named m honor of the royal family of England during the
18th and early 19th centuries, the House of Hanover.

Northampton

108 W. Jefferson St., P.O. Box 808, Jackson, 27845

cmedis. commerce. state. nc.us/outlook/nortcp.pdf

county sccU; Jackson formed: 1741

clerk of court: (919) 534-1631 population: 22,008

North Carolina Senate

Frank W Ballance, Jr., democrat 2nd-Warren

North Carolina House of Representatives

Howard J. Hunter, Jr., democrat 5th-Northampton

Northampton County was named m honor of James Crompton, Earl of
Northampton, an English nobleman.

942

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Onslow

118 Old Bridge St., Jacksonville, 28540-4259 www.co.onslow.nc.us

county seat: Jacksonville formed: 1731

clerk of court: (910) 455-4458 population: 148,454

North Carolina Senate

Patrick J. Ballantine, republican 4th-New Hanover

Charles W Albertson, democrat 5th-Duplin

jKever M. Clark, democrat 7th-Onslow

North Carolina House of Representatives

Ronald L. Smith, democrat 4th-Carteret

Russell E. Tucker, democrat lOth-Duplm

Nurham O. Warwick, democrat 12th-Sampson

W Robert Grady, republican 80th-Onslow

Jean R. Preston, republican 4th-Carteret

Onslow County was named in honor of Sir Arthur Onslow who, for more than thirty
years, was Speaker of the House of Commons in the British Parliament during the
mid- 17th Century.

Orange

Orange County Gvt. Services Ctr., 200 S. Cameron, Hillsborough, 27278
www.co.orange.nc.us

county seat: Hillsborough formed: 1752

clerk of court: (919) 732-8181 population: 120,952

North Carolina Senate

Eleanor Kinnaird, democrat 16th-Orange

Howard Lee, democrat 16th-Orange

North Carolina House of Representatives

Verla Insko, democrat 24th-Orange

Cary D. Allred, republican 2 5th- Alamance

E. Nelson Cole, democrat 25th-Rockingham

Joe Hackney, democrat 24th-Orange

W.B. league, Jr., republican 25th-Alamance

Orange County was named in honor of the infant William V of Orange, grandson
of King George 11 of Great Britain.

943

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 }

Pamlico

Courlhousc, Box 776, Bayboro, 28515 www.pamlico.comi

amntv seal: Bayboro formed: 1872 I

clerk of coiut: (252) 7 ^5-bOOO population: 12,848 !

North Carolina Senate

Scoil Thomas, dcmocval 3rd-Craven

North Carolina House of Representatives

Alice Ci. Underhill, dcmoaat 3rd-Craven

William L. \\i\in\vright, democrat 79th-Craven |

Pamlico Couni\- was named after the sound of the same name. Pamlico was thci
name of a Native American Indian tribe settled along the sound. !

Pasquotank '

Courthouse, Room E201, Elizabeth City, 27909 www.co.pasquotank.nc.us

county seal: Elizaheih Ciiy jormed: 1668 j

clerk of court: (252) 331-4751 population: 35,028 ,

North Carolina Senate •

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare !

North Carolina House of Representatives j

William C. Owens, Jr., cicoiocrcif Ist-Pasquotank

Pasquotank County was derived from an Indian word, "pask-e'tan-ki," which meant
"where the current of the stream divides or forks."

Pender

Administration Building, Box 5, Burgaw, 28425 www.pender-county.com

county seat: Burgaw formed: 1875

clerk of court: (910) 259-1229 population: 42,051

North Carolina Senate

Patrick]. Ballantine, republican 4th-New Hanover

Charles W. Albertson, democrat 5th-Duplin

Kever M. Clark, democrat 7th-Onslow

944

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

North Carolina House of Representatives

Nurham O. Warwick, democrat 12th-Sampson

Edd Nye, democrat 96th-Bladen

Thomas E. Wright, democrat 98th-New Hanover

Pender County was named in honor of General WiUiam Dorsey Pender of Edgecombe
County Pender, a commanding officer in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia,
' was killed at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Perquimans

P.O. Box 45, Hertford, 27944 www.albemarle-nc.com/hertford

county scat: fiertford formed: 1668

clerk of court: (252) 426-5676 population: 11,522

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

North Carolina House of Representatives

William C. Owens, Jr., democrat Ist-Pasquotank

William T. Culpepper, 111, democrat 86th-Chowan

Perquimans County was named m honor of a Native American Indian tribe that
inhabited the northern shores of the Albemarle sound.

Person

300 S. Morgan St., Roxboro, 27573 www^.personcounty.net

county seat: Roxboro formed: 1791

clerk of court: (336) 597-0554 population: 36,131

North Carolina Senate

Wilbur P Gulley, democrat 13th-Durham

Hugh Webster, republican 21st-Caswell

Jeanne Lucas, democrat 13th-Durham

North Carolina House of Representatives

James W Crawford, Jr., democrat 22nd-Granville

Gordon P Allen, democrat 22nd-Person

Person County was named in honor of General Thomas Person, an American patriot
leader during the Revolution, member of the Council of Safety and benefactor of
the University of North Carolina.

945

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Pitt

1717 West Fifth St., Greenville, 27834 www.co.pitt.nc.us/index.shtml

county scat: Greenville joymcd: 1760

dcrk oj court : (252) 6Q5-7100 population: 134,936

North Carolina Senate

R. L. Martin, dcnwcnit 6th-Pitt

Ed N. Warren, democrat 9th-Pitt

North Carolina House of Representatives

Zeno L. Edwards, Jr., dcnwcrat 2nd-Beaufort

Richard Eugene Rogers, democrat 6th-Martin

Ediih D. Warren, democrat 8th-Pitt

Marian N. McLawhorn, democrat 9th-Pitt

Joe P Tolson, democrat 71st-Edgecombe

Pitt County was named in honor of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, Secretary of State
for the British crown and de facto prime minister of Britain in the mid- 18th Century.

Polk

Box 308, Columbus, 28722 www.polkcounty.org

county seat: Columbus formed: 1855

clerk of court: (828) 894-8231 population: 18,828

North Carolina Senate

Robert Carpenter, republican 42nd-Macon

North Carolina House of Representatives

Andrew T. Dedmon, democrat 48th-Cleveland

Larry T. Justus, republican 50th-Henderson

John H. Weatherly, republican 48th-Cleveland

Debbie A. Clary, republican 48th-Cleveland

Polk County was named in honor of Colonel William Polk "who rendered
distinguished service m the Batdes of Germantown, Brandywme, and Eutaw, in all of
which he was wounded."

946

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS

CHAPTER TWELVE

Randolph

725 McDowell Rd., P.O. Box 4728, Asheboro, 27204-4728
www.co.randolph.nc.us

formed: 1779
population: 132,139

16th-0range

19th-Guilford

16th-Orange

county seat: Asheboro

clerk of court: (336) 318-6701

North Carolina Senate

Ellie Kinnaird, democrat
Robert G. Shaw, republican
Howard Lee, democrat

North Carolina House of Representatives

ArUe E Gulp, republican 30th-Randolph

Harold J. Brubaker, republican 38th-Randolph

Jerry G. Dockham, republican 94th-Davidson

Randolph County was named in honor of Peyton Randolph of Virginia, who was
president of the Continental Congress.

www.co.richmond.nc.us

Richmond

Box 504, Rockingham, 28380

county seat: Rockingham

clerk of court: (910) 997-9100

North Carolina Senate

William R. Purcell, democrat
Aaron W Plyler, democrat

North Carolina House of Representatives

G. Wayne Goodwin, democrat 32nd-Richmond

Richmond County was named m honor of Charles Lennox, Duke of Richmond and a
principal secretary in William Pitt's second administration. Richmond was a staunch
friend of the American colonies and made a motion in the House of Lords that the
colonies be granted their independence.

formed: 1779
population: 46,569

17th-Scotland
17th-Union

947

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Robeson

Courthouse, Lumberlon, 28358
cmedis.commercee. state. nc.us/oullook/robecp.pdf

county scat: Lumberlon jormcd: 1787

clcik oj Louvt: (910) 671-3377 population: 124,122

North CaroHna Senate

David Wcinsicin, dcmocnit 30lh-Robeson

North Carolina House of Representatives

Dcvvcv L. Hill, dcnwcvat Hth-Columbus

Douglas Y. Yonguc, democrat 16th-Scotland

Ronnie N. Suilon, democrat 85th-Robeson

Donald A. Bonner, democrat 87th-Robeson

E. Da\-id Rcdwinc, democrat 14th-Brunswick

Robeson County was named m honor of Colonel Thomas Robeson, a soldier of the
Rexolution. He was one of the leaders at the Battle of Elizabethtown m September,
1781.

Rockingham

Courthouse, PO Box 206, Wentworth, 27373 www.rcpl.org

coumy stYif; Wentworth formed: 1785

clerk of court: (336) 342-8700 population: 91,806

North Carolina Senate

Philip E. Berger, republican 12th-Rockingham

Virginia Foxx, republican 12th-Watauga

North Carolina House of Representatives

Car\- D. Allred, republiam 2 5th -Alamance

P Wayne Sexton, Sr., republican 73rd-Rockingham

E. Nelson Cole, democrat 25th-Rockingham

WB. league, Jr., republican 25th-Alamance

Rockingham County was named in honor of Charles Watson- Wentworth, Second
Marquis of Rockingham, who was a leader of a party m the British Parliament which
advocated /\merican independence. Rockingham was Prime Minister when the Stamp
Act was repealed.

948

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Rowan

130 W. Innes St., Salisbury, 28144 www.co.rowan.nc.us

county seat: Salisbury jormed: 1753

clerk of court: (704) 639-7505 population: 131,731

North Carolina Senate

Fletcher L. Hartsell, Jr., republican 22nd-Cabarrus

Betsy L. Cochrane, republican 38th-Davie

Stan Bingham, republican 38th-Davidson

North Carolina House of Representatives

Lorene T. Coates, democrat 35th-Rowan

W Eugene McCombs, republican 83rd-Rowan

Rowan County was named m honor of Matthew Rowan, a prominent North
Carolina leader before the Revolution and, for a short time after the death of Governor
Gabriel Johnston, acting governor of the colony.

Rutherford

289 N. Main St., Rutherfordton, 28139

cmedis. commerce. state. nc.us/outlook/ruthcp.pdf

county seat: Rutherfordton Jormed: 1779

clerk of court: (828) 286-9136 population: 63,394

North Carolina Senate

Walter H. Dalton, democrat 37th-Rutherford

North Carolina House of Representatives

Andrew T. Dedmon, democrat 48th-Cleveland

Debbie A. Clary, republican 48th-Cleveland

John H. Weatherly, republican 48th-Cleveland

Rutherford County was named m honor of Grifhth Rutherford, one of the most
prominent of the Revolutionary patriots. Rutherford led the expedition that crushed
the Cherokees in 1776 and rendered important services both in the colonial legislature
and on the battlefield as a general officer.

949

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002 |

Sampson i

County OlTicc Bldg., 433 Rowan Rd., Clinton, 28328 !

www.sampson.cc.nc.us/oncstop

ct)un(v ^cal: Clinlon formed: 1784

dak of couvl: (^)10) 592-5191 population: 60,928

North Carolina Senate

Charles W. Albenson, dcmociat 5th-Duplm

Oscar N. Harris, dcmocnit 15th-Harnett

David Weinstcm, democrat 30th-Robeson

North C arolina House of Representatives

Nurham O. Warwick, democrat 12th-Sampson

A. Leslie Cox, Jr., democrat 19th-Lee

Edd Nye, democrat 96th-Bladen

Larry M. Bell, democrat 97th-Sampson

Donald S. Davis, republican 19th-Harnett

Sampson County was named m honor of Colonel John Sampson. Sampson served m
the colonial House of Commons and was a member the governors council under
Govs. Dobbs, Tryon and Martin.

Scotland

County Annex, P.O. Box 489, Laurinburg, 28352 www. scotlandcounty.org

county seat: Laurinburg formed: 1899

clerk of court: (910) 277-3240 population: 35,731

North Carolina Senate

William R. Purcell, democrat 17th-Scotland

Aaron W. Plyler, democrat 17th-Union

North Carolina House of Representatives

Douglas Y. Yongue, democrat 16th-Scotland

G. Wa)Tie Goodwin, democrat 32nd-Richmond

Donald A. Bonner, democrat 87th-Robeson

Scotland County was named for the country of Scotland, the northern portion of the
British Isles. Many of the county's earliest settlers were Scots.

950

j COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Stanly

201 S. Second St., Albemarle, 28001 www.co.stanly.nc.us

county seat: Albemarle formed: 1841

clerk of court: (704) 982-2161 population: 58,792

North Carolina Senate

Fletcher L. Hartsell, Jr., republican 22nd-Cabarrus

Aaron W. Plyler, democrat 17th-Union

William R. Purcell, democrat 17th-Scotland

North Carolina House of Representatives

Pryor A. Gibson, III, democrat 33rd-Montgomery

Bobby H. Barbee, Sr., republican 82nd-Stanly

Stanly County was named in honor of John Stanly who, for many years in the early
19th Century, was a member of the General Assembly — several times Speaker of the
House of Commons — and a member of the U.S. Congress.

Stokes

Government Center, P.O. Box 201, Danbury, 27016 www.co.stokes.nc.us

county seat: Danbur)^ formed: 1789

clerk of court: (336) 593-2811 population: 45,262

North Carolina Senate

Virginia Foxx, republican 12th-Watauga

Philip E. Berger, republican 12th-Rockingham

North Carolina House of Representatives

Rex L. Baker, republican 40th-Stokes

William S. Hiatt, republican 40th-Surry

W Eugene Wilson, republican 40th-Watauga

Stokes County was named in honor of Captain John Stokes, a soldier in the American
patriot cause who was seriously wounded at the Waxhaw Massacre during the
Revolutionary War. After the war. President George Washington appointed him a
judge of the United States District Court of North Carolina. Stokes also served in the
colonial legislature and as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1789.

951

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Surry

118 Hamby Road, Dobson, 27017 www.co.surry.nc.us

umntx seal: Dobson formed: 1771

clerk oj court: (336) 386-8131 population: 71,394 i

North Carolina Senate

Philip E. Berger, rcpuhham 12th-Rockmgham

X'irginia Foxx, republican 12th-Watauga

North Carolina House of Representatives

William S. lliall, /rpiih/iaui 40th-Surry j

Rex L. Baker, republican 40th-Stokes i

W. Eugene Wilson, republican 40th-Watauga j

SiiiT)- County was named m honor of the county Surrey m England, birthplace of
then-Gov. William Tr\'on. '

Swain

RO. Box 2321, Bryson City, 28713

cmedis. commerce. state. nc.us/outlook/swaicp.pdf

county ^eat: Br)'Son City formed: 1871

clerk of court: (828) 488-2288 population: 13,200

North Carolina Senate

Dan Robinson, democrat 29th-Jackson

North Carolina House of Representatives

R. Phillip Haire, democrat 52nd-Jackson

Margaret M. Carpenter, republican 52nd-Haywood

Swain County was named in honor of Go\'. Da\'id L. Swam, who also served as
president of the University of North Carolina.

Transylvania

208 E. Main St., Brevard, 28712

cmedis. commerce. state. nc.us/outlook/trancp.pdf

county seat: Brevard formed: 1861

clerk of court: (828) 884-3120 population: 29,349

North Carolina Senate

Dan Robinson, democrat 29th-Jackson

Robert Carpenter, republican 42nd-Macon

952

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

North Carolina House of Representatives

Trudi Walend, republican 68th-Transylvania

Transylvania County was derived from the Latin words "trans," meaning "across,"
and "sylva" meaning "woods".

Tyrrell

County Office Bldg., 108 S. Water St., Columbia, 27925
i www.albemarle-nc.com/columbia
\ county seat: Columbia formed: 1729

\clerk of court: (252) 796-6281 population: 4,149

: North Carolina Senate

i Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

North Carolina House of Representatives

William T. Culpepper, 111, democrat 86th-Chowan

Tyrrell County was named in honor of Sir John Tyrrell, Lord Proprietor.

Union

Courthouse, 500 N. Main St., Monroe, 28112 wvwv.co. union. nc. us

county seat: Monroe formed: 1842

clerk of court: (704) 283-3681 population: 132,086

North Carolina Senate

Aaron W Plyler, democrat 17th-Union

William R. Purcell, democrat 17th-Scotland

North Carolina House of Representatives

Fern Shubert, republican 34th-Union

Jeffrey L. Barnhart, republican 81st-Cabarrus

Bobby H. Barbee, Sr., republican 82nd-Stanly

At the time the county was formed, there was a dispute between local Whigs and
Democrats over whether it should be named Clay or Jackson. The name "Union" was
suggested and adopted as a compromise.

953

www.vancecounty.com

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Vance

Courlhousc, 122 Young St., Henderson, 27536

county seal: Henderson jormcd: 1881

clcih oj court: (252) 738-9000 populcitwn: 43,706

North Carolina Senate

Frank W. Ballance, Jr., democrat 2nd-Warren

Allen Wellons, democrat llth-Johnston

North CaroHna House of Representatives

James Crawford, Jr., democrat 22nd-Granville

Stanley Fox, democrat 78th-Granville

Gordon R Allen, democrat 22nd-Person

Vance County was named in honor of Zebulon Baird Vance, member of Congress,
Governor of North Carolina and a United States Senator.

Wake

P.O. Box 550, Raleigh, 27602

county seat: Raleigh

clerk of court: (919) 755-4112

North Carolina Senate

Wilbur R Gulley, democrat
Brad Miller, democrat
John H. Carrington, republican
Jeanne Hopkins Lucas, democrat
Eric Reeves, democrat

North Carolina House of Representatives

www.co.wake.nc.us

formal- 1771
population: 658,490

13th-Durham

14th-Wake

36th-Wake

13th-Durham

14th-Wake

J. Samuel Ellis, republican
Daniel T. Blue, Jr., democrat
Art Pope, republican
David Miner, republican
Jennifer Weiss, democrat
Robert J. Hensley, Jr., democrat
Rick L. Eddins, republican
J. Russell Capps, republican

15th-Wake
2 1st- Wake
6 1st- Wake
62nd-Wake
63rd-Wake
64th-Wake
65th-Wake
92nd-Wake

Wake County was named in honor of Margaret Wake, wife of colonial Governor
William Try on.

954

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Warren

I Box 619, Warrenton, 27589
cmedis. commerce. state. nc.us/outlook/warrcp.pdf

county seat: Warrenton formed: 1779

'c /it/? of court; (252) 257-3261 population: 19,982

North Carolina Senate

j Frank W. Ballance, Jr., democrat 2nd-Warren

North CaroHna House of Representatives

;| James W Crawford, Jr., democrat 22nd-Granville

Stanley H. Fox, democrat 78th-Granville

Gordon P. Allen, democrat 22nd-Person

Warren County was named in honor of Gen. Joseph Warren, a Massachusetts physician
and American patriot leader who was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill.

Washington

Courthouse, P.O. Box 1007, Plymouth, 27962

county seat: Plymouth formed: 1799

clerk of court: (252) 793-3013 population: 13,598

North Carolina Senate

Marc Basnight, democrat Ist-Dare

R. L. Martin, democrat 6th-Pitt

North Carolina House of Representatives

Richard Eugene Rogers, democrat 6th-Martin

William T. Culpepper, 111, democrat 86th-Chowan

Washington County was named in honor of George Washington.

955

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Watauga

Courthouse, 842 W. King St., Boone, 28607 www.wataugacounty.org

county scat: Boone formed: 1849

clerk of court: (828) 265-5364 population: 42,690

North Carolina Senate

Philip E. Berger, republican 12th-Rockingham

Virginia Foxx, republican 12ih-Watauga

North Carolina House of Representatives

Rex L. Baker, republican 40th-Stokes

William S. Hiall, republican 40th-Surry

W. Eugene Wilson, republican 40th-Watauga

Waiauga County was named for the Watauga River whose name came from a Cherokee
phrase meaning "beautiful water."

Wayne

P.O. Box 227, Goldsboro, 27533-0227 www.esn.net/waynecounty

county seat: Goldsboro jormed: 1779

clerk of court: (919) 731-7910 population: 113,170

North Carolina Senate

John H. Kerr, 111, democrat 8th-Wayne

North Carolina House of Representatives

Philip A. Baddour, Jr., democrat 1 lth-Wa>Tie

Carolyn B. Russell, republican 77th-Wayne

Larr\' N4. Bell, democrat 97th-Sampson

Wa)Tie County was named m honor of Gen. Anthony Wayne, Revolutionary War
hero and one of Gen. George Washington's most trusted soldiers.

956

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

Wilkes

Wilkes Co. Office Bldg., Wilkesboro, 28697
cmedis. commerce. state. nc.us/outlook/wilkcp.pdf

county seat: Wilkesboro formed: 1777

clerk of court: (336) 667-1201 population: 66,104

North Carolina Senate

John A. Garwood, republican 2 7th- Wilkes

Kenneth R. Moore, republican 27th-Caldwell

North Carolina House of Representatives

R. Tracy Walker, republican 41st-Wilkes

George M. Holmes, republican 41st-Yadkin

Wilkes County was named in honor of John Wilkes, an outspoken opponent of the
ruling Tory party in England during the American Revolution. Because of his
controversial stands in favor of American political rights, Wilkes was not allowed to
take the seat in Parhament to which he had been elected. Many Americans at the time
believed Wilkes was suffering in the cause of their liberty and named this county in
his honor.

Wilson

Wilson County Administrative Office, Box 1728, Wilson, 27894-1728
www.wilson-co.com

county seat: Wilson formed: 1855

clerk of court: (252) 291-7500 population: 74,386

North Carolina Senate

R. L. Martin, democrat 6th-Pitt

A.B. Swindell, IV , democrat lOth-Nash

Allen H. Wellons, democrat llth-Johnston

North Carolina House of Representatives

Milton F Fitch, Jr., democrat 70th-Wilson

Joe R Tolson, democrat 71st-Edgecombe

Gene G. Arnold, republican 72nd-Nash

Wilson County was named in honor of Louis Dicken Wilson, long-time representative
from Edgecombe County in the General Assembly. Wilson served as a delegate to the
states Constitutional Convention of 1835. He died of fever near Vera Cruz, Mexico
while serving as an officer in the U.S. Army during the Mexican War.

957

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Yadkin

Human Resources Bldg., Box 146, Yadkinville, 27055
cmedis. commerce. slate. nc.us/outlook/yadkcp.pdf

aninty scat: Yadkinville formed: 1850

clerk of conn: (336) 679-8838 population: 36,587

North Carolina Senate

John Garwood, repuhliean 27th-Wilkes

Kennel h R. Moore, repuhliean 27th-Caldwell

North CaroHna House of Representatives

R. Tracy Walker, republican 41st-Wilkes

George M. Holmes, republican 41st-Yadkm

Yadkin Coiinlys name was derived from the Yadkm River which runs through it.

Yancey

Courthouse, Rm 11, Burnsville, 28714 w^ww.main.nc.us/yancey

county seat: Burnsville formed: 1833

clerk of court: (828) 682-2122 population: 18,012

North CaroHna Senate

Charles Carter, democrat 28th-Buncombe

Stephen M. Metcalf, democrat 28th-Buncombe

North Carolina House of Representatives

Mitch Gillespie, republican 49th-McDowell

Yancey County was named m honor of Bartlett Yancey, a long-time member of the
General Assembly in the early 19th Century, Speaker of the North CaroHna Senate
and member of the U.S. Congress. Yancey was also one of the earliest advocates of
the public school system m North Carolina.

958

COUNTIES AND THEIR GOVERNMENTS CHAPTER TWELVE

959

ELECTIONS'

Elections and Voting Records

In 1966, the State Board of Elections began publishing statistical data on voter
registration for the 100 counties in North Carolina. The first report, released in July
of that year, showed a total registration of 1,933,763 voters: 1,540,499 Democrats
and 344,700 Republicans. The report also indicated that 1,653,796 white voters and
281,134 non-white voters were registered to vote. Subsequent reports have been
issued at periodic intervals, usually every two years, following the close of the
registration books for each voting period.

During the past 20 years, there has been a steady increase in voter registration in
North Carolina. The growth in the voting population can be attributed to the state's
increase in population following the post- World War II "baby boom" years. The passage
of Amendment XXVI to the Constitution of the United States and organized efforts to
encourage non-white, eligible citizens to register to vote may have also played a role
in expanding the electorate. The amendment, adopted in June, 1971, extended the
right to vote to those citizens 18-20 years old. It did not, however, produce a sudden,
dramatic increase in the number of registered voters. Many newly-eUgible voters did
not immediately exercise their new right by registering. The 1970 census counted
nearly 400,000 people between the ages of 18 and 20 living in North Carolina. An
October, 1973, report by the State Board of Elections showed that only 130,813 in
that age group had actually registered. Voter registration among 18-20 year-olds in
North Carolina has improved only slightly since then.

Better results appear to have occurred m the area of minority voter registration.
Political parties and leaders in the minority rights movement have spent much time
and effort encouraging non-white citizens to register to vote since 1966. In October,
1968, records indicated there were 326,487 non-white registered voters in North
Carolina. Ten years later, in 1978, this figure had increased only 20 percent to 393,327.
Since then voter registration among minorities has grown. The State Board of Elections
counted 1,029,045 non-white registered voters in North Carolina in April, 2000, an
increase of 16.7% since 1996 and an increase of 162% over the 1978 figures. An
April, 2000, statewide voter registration report released by the North Carolina Board
of Elections showed a total registration of 4,930,319 voters: 2,495,399 Democrats
(50.6% of all registered voters), 1,671,571 Republicans (33.9%), 5,627 Libertarians
(0.1%) and 757,722 unaffiliated registrations (15.4%).

Voter registration is a function of the county Boards of Elections, which operate
under guidelines set out in the General Statutes of North Carolina. Each county has
its own board and citizens are registered based on the county in which they reside.

VOTING RECORDS

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Periodically, purges of voter registration files are conducted m accordance with
law 10 remove voters who have not exercised their right to vote during a specified
period of time. G.S. 163-69 slates that "Any voter who neither voted m the hrst or
the second o'i the two most recent consecutive presidential elections, and who failed
lo \'ote in any other election conducted in the period between the two presidential
elections shall be purged. " Removal is not, however, automatic. Individuals are notified
o( their impending removal and given an opportunity to keep their names on the
books. The purge process ensures accuracy and provides a means of keeping the
voter registration books as up to date as possible.

How to register

In order to register to vote in North Carolina, applicants must sign a voter
declaration attesting that:

They arc citizens of the United States.

They will have been a resident of North Carolina and the county in which
they are registering for 30 days prior to the next election.

They will be at least 18 years old by the time the next general election is held.

They are not currently registered to vote and will not vote in any other
county or state.

They have had their rights of citizenship restored if they have been
convicted of a felony.

Numerous agencies throughout the state — including the North Carolina Division
of Motor Vehicles drivers license offices — offer voter registration programs. Applicants
may register to vote at drivers license ofhces at the same time they are conducting
official business with DMV, such as applying for or renewing their drivers licenses.
The following agencies and programs offer voter registration to anyone applying for,
receiving benehts from or conducting official business with them:

Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)

Women, Infants and Children (WIC)

Food Stamps

Medicaid

Services for the Blind

Mental Health, Developmental Disabilities and Substance Abuse Services

Vocational Rehabilitation

Governor's Advocacy Council for Persons with Disabilities

Employment Security Commission

962

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Citizens may also register to vote in North Carolina through mail-in forms. The
forms are self-explanatory and can be filled out quickly. You must return completed
forms to the Board of Elections of the county in which you are registering to vote. All
county Boards of Elections provide the mail-in form to citizens who want to register
to vote. Most public libraries and high schools throughout the state also have copies
of the mail-in form available to the public.

Residents of North Carolina can register to vote until 25 days before the next
election. Forms received by a local Board of Elections or postmarked by the deadline
are accepted as valid applications for the upcoming election. Each county board
notifies appUcants of their precinct and polling place assignments.

North Carolina will accept a Federal Voter Registration form as long as it is of
card stock quality. Local county Boards of Elections will not process registration forms
downloaded from the Internet onto regular bond paper. Instead, residents vvall receive
a mail-in registration form printed on the appropriate card stock. Local boards will
not accept a photocopy of a completed registration form because state law requires
that all voter registration forms have an original signature on them.

For more information, call your local county Board of Elections. You can also call
the N.C. Board of Elections at (919) 733-7173. You can \%it the boards Web site at
www.sboe.state.nc.us.

963

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

The North Carolina Electoral College

rhc hlccioral College originated with ihe Constitutional Convention held in
Philadelphia during the summer of 1787. One of the most difftcult tasks facing
delegates to the convention was the question of how best to structure the federal
executive branch. The colonial experience of a single powerful executive had hardened
man\- Americans against allowing one chief executive. Delegates deliberated for a
long lime before agreeing lo an executive headed by a president. They also carefully
examined how presidents would be selected. The delegates had to consider checks
and balances on the three branches of government, the balance of power between the
large and small states and the role of the citizens m the democracy they were
establishing.

Fi\-e basic plans were suggested and debated. They fell, one by one, as the delegates
debated the advantages and disadvantages of each. A plan recommending that the
governors of each state choose the president was rejected because large states felt it
gave smaller states a disproportionate share of the vote in the selection process. Another
idea called for Congress to select the president. This plan was rejected because the
delicate system of checks and balances might be destroyed through corruption. A
proposal to allow the state legislatures to select the president was thrown out with
little debate. A fourth proposal providing for the direct election of the president met
with resistance trom the delegates. These men \aewed the average voter as uneducated
and uninformed. Voters, they believed, could not be trusted to make an informed
decision. The framers of the Constitution feared voters would be easily manipulated
by candidates or might just vote for the candidate from their state. No conclusive
answer to these concerns seemed possible.

Finally James Wilson proposed a plan whereby citizens in each state would select
a special group of people called electors, who would then vote for president. If
uninformed citizens selected the wrong person, then electors, in their wisdom, could
correct the mistake. Although the electoral college system was a bit confusing, the
convention delegates were confident that this method would place the final selection
of a president in the hands of some of the most educated and knowledgeable leaders
in the nation.

The mechanics of the electoral college are outlined m Article 11 of the Constitution
of the United States. Each state was given a number of electors equal to its total
number of senators and representatives m the United States Congress. State legislatures
in each state were given the power to determine how electors would be chosen.
Senators, representatives or other Tersons holding an office of trust or profit under
the United States" could not be electors. Electors were to convene m their state to
vote for two people. The candidate receiving the most votes would become president,
while the candidate with the second-highest number of votes would become vice-
president. Electors were allowed to vote for only one candidate from their own state.
Each state sent its electoral votes to the President of the Senate. These votes were
totaled with those of the other states to determine the winners.
964

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

The Electoral College today

Each state is assigned a number of electors equal to its total number of senators
and representatives in the United States Congress. There are 538 electors representing
the 100 senators and 435 representatives, plus three for the District of Columbia. A
total of 270 electoral votes is needed to win the election. If no candidate receives a
majority, the United States House of Representatives selects the president and the
United States Senate selects the vice-president.

Selection of electors

I Today, each state selects its electors on a statewide basis except for Maine and
, Nebraska, where two electors are chosen at-large by state-wide popular vote and the
' rest are selected by popular vote in each Congressional district. In 35 states, including
I North Carolina, entire slates of electors are nominated by party conventions. The
I state poUtical committees of each party choose slates of electors in five states, while
I Arizona has a primary for presidential elector. Pennsylvania calls for national candidates
I from each party to select 25 people to serve in the college. Eight other states use a
combination of these methods.

In North Carolina, each party selects its 14 electors in conventions. Twelve electors,
one chosen from each of the states Congressional districts during party district
conventions, are called district electors. Two others, representing the United States
Senators, are selected statev^de at each political party's state convention and are called
the at-large electors.

Ballots

Voting methods have undergone many changes in North Carolina. In 1796, voters
cast their ballots at the courthouse of any county where they held land and voted.
From 1796 to 1808, either voice voting or a voter signature beneath the name of the
nominee was used. The sheriff in each county was responsible for conducting the
election. Since presidential ballots typically carried only two candidates, there were
usually no problems with polling, unless a sheriff held the election on the wrong day
as happened in Montgomery County in 1804 and in Chatham County in 1808. In
both cases, the winning candidate lost the district election when that county's returns
were thrown out.

After the legislature returned to choosing electors by popular vote in 1 8 1 6 , ballots
became much more complex. Each ballot consisted of 15 statevvade electoral candidates
per party. To cast a vote for a candidate for president, voters had to select all 15
electoral candidates from their party.

Because newspapers owned the only printing presses in many areas, they printed
paper ballots used m the elections. The newspapers then sold the ballots to county
pohtical leaders. These party leaders, m turn, dispersed ballots to those voters they

965

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

thought could l^c trusted to \'otc lor the party s slate of electors. Eventually, newspapers
began printing ballots in ihcir editorial columns.

When the Republicans gained control ot the state m 1868, they recognized the
need for a better system of \'oting. Most whites — and practically all of North Carolmas
newly-freed blacks — ccuild not read. Many were tricked nito voting for the
Conservative Party iickci in the slate elections ot April, 1868. After that election, the
General Assembly ivc|uircd parties to print colored ballots, thus allowing illiterate
voters to know the pari\- lor which they were voting.

A major problem with ballots of the period was that the names of presidential
candidates from each party did not appear on them. In 1920, Democrats were worried
so much about women voting for their candidate, James M. Cox, that they nominated
Albert L. Co.\ for elector.

The General Assembly of 1929 passed the Australian ballot. This ballot is still in
use today and lists the nominees of each party Ballots used earlier carried only the
names of the candidates of the party which printed them. The Socialist and Prohibition
parties could not retain "ballot status" and disappeared from North Carolina's elections
after 1929. The names of electors were removed the ballot in 1936. Instead, voters
selected "electors pledged to" a national ticket. Today, these words have also been
removed and only the names of each presidential nominee appear on ballots.

In some states, the names of electors still appear on the ballot. This practice
makes voters more aware that they are voting for electors who will m turn vote lor
president as specified in the Constitution of the United States. Ballots in Arizona,
Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode
Island, South Dakota, Tennessee and Virginia list the electors.

Weaknesses in the Electoral College system

Us history has revealed many weaknesses m the electoral college system. Over
500 proposals (one as early as 1797) have been made during the past two centuries
to improve the electoral system. Only one, the 12th Amendment, has passed. Many
people believe the electoral college system is undemocratic because it violates the
principle of "one man, one-vote." The system gives smaller states a larger voice in the
electoral process than their actual population would otherwise provide, giving more
weight, for instance, to an electoral vote from Alaska than one from California. This
inequity would be magnified if electors could not provide the necessary number of
votes to elect a president. The 12th Amendment requires the U.S. House of
Representatives to select a president if the Electoral College cannot. The amendment
allots only one vote per state when a president is selected by the House of
Representatives, nullifying any advantages states with large populations would
othePAnse have in the selection process.

966

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

The winner-take-all theory is another area of concern. Regardless of whether a
candidate carries a state by one vote or one million, he or she receives all of that
states electoral votes. Votes cast for any minority candidates are not reflected in the
make-up of the electors from each state.

The composition of the Electoral College has not reflected the results of the popular
vote in two recent elections. In 1984, President Reagan received 98% of the electoral
votes while obtaining only 58% of the popular votes in his race against Democratic
candidate Walter Mondale. In 1988, Vice President George Bush won 79% of the
electoral votes but received only 54% of the popular votes.

A third area of concern rests with the electors themselves. In a majority of the

states, they are not bound to vote for the candidate who carries their state. Since

i 1848, there have been six "faithless electors" (a term commonly used by those states

with laws that punish electors who do not vote for the candidates to whom they are

committed) who did not vote for their party s nominee.

Twenty-one states and the District of Columbia have taken legislative action to
make sure this will not happen in their states. Fifteen states including Alaska, Colorado,
Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, Maryland, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio,
Oklahoma, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming and the District of Columbia
require their electors to vote according to the popular vote in their state. Failure to do
so results in fines in some states, including North Carohna. California, Tennessee
and Wisconsin require electors to vote for the winner in their state if he is living.
Massachusetts and Oregon require their electors to make a pledge of support for the
candidate they represent. South Carolina, however, provides for the unbinding of its
electors if it deems it necessary.

Finally, the system always faces the inherent possibiUty that a nominee could win
a majority of the electoral votes without a majority of the popular votes. Grover
Cleveland lost the presidency in 1888 when he failed to carry the electoral college
after winning the popular vote. Cleveland received 48.7% of the popular votes to
47.9% for his opponent, Benjamin Harrison, but lost in the electoral college by a
vote of 233 to 168. John Quincy Adams was selected over Andrew Jackson by vote in
the United States House in 1824. Rutherford B. Hayes won in 1876 after a special
electoral commission decided the election in his favor, despite the fact that Samuel
Tilden had received 51% of the popular vote.

While small states have a disproportionate share of the electoral vote, a few large
states can also control the election of the President. If a Presidential candidate wins in
the 1 1 most heavily-populated states, including North Carolina, he or she would
have 267 electoral votes, only three less than the number required for election. It is
possible for a candidate to win in only 12 states and become President while, at the
same time, being rejected by the voters of the other 38 states and the District of
Columbia.

967

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

North Carolina Voter Registration -2002

County

Democrats

Republicans

Libertarians

unaffiliated

White

ALAMANCE

35,152

26,207

11,979

60,162

ALEXANDER

9,398

10,394

3,456

22,051

ALLEGHANY

3,681

1,899

757

6,242

ANSON

1 1,309

2,046

1,348

8,009

ASHE

7,623

8,210

2,549

18,251

AVERY

1,751

8,178

2,227

12,069

BEAUFORT

17,018

8,349

3,220

20,868

BERTIE

11,856

1,253

851

5,478

BLADEN

15,116

2,801

2,401

13,045

BRUNSWICK

23,838

19,097

9,566

46,132

BUNCOMBE

63,357

44,359

404

27,733

125,244

BURKE

24,387

20,217

10,164

51,050

CABARRUS

33,175

36,879

109

16,373

75,267

CALDWELL

17,236

21,540

7,622

43,570

CAMDEN

3,287

1102

1060

4,443

CARTERET

16,931

16,898

8,421

39,753

CASWELL

9,587

2,524

1,754

8,628

CATAWBA

32,123

44,546

237

17,113

85,652

CHATHAM

18,134

9,130

5,802

27,245

CHEROKEE

8,691

8,333

3,021

19,626

CHOWAN

5,851

1,912

1069

6,073

CLAY

2,922

3,044

1,379

7,321

CLEVELAND

30,212

16,374

7,490

43,093

COLUMBUS

26,503

5,617

4,019

24,278

CRAVEN

27,106

19,476

10,520

43,327

CUMBERLAND

83,139

43,256

338

31,785

91,868

CURRITUCK

5,696

3,544

3,298

11,549

DARE

9,527

6,604

5,005

20,559

968

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Black

Am. Indian

other

male

female

total registration

12,2817

648

32,916

40,469

73,426

1,036

121

11,006

12,256

23,266

2,991

3,352

6,343

6,598

6,400

8,303

14,710

8,598

9,804

18,410

5,845

6,322

12,168

7,574

147

12,656

15,974

28,643

8,401

5,780

8,131

13,967

6,926

224

102

8,998

11,331

20,339

5,889

340

23,364

28,149

52,567

7,828

199

1335

60,705

74,333

135,853

3,148

536

25,103

29,734

54,853

9,976

133

803

39,807

46,622

86,536

2,353

185

21,464

24,938

46,464

931

2,632

2,826

5,460

2,185

278

19,720

22,574

42,311

5,159

6,179

7,686

13,875

6,842

1151

43,191

50,746

94,019

5,340

467

15,008

18,099

33,146

243

9,261

10,820

20,083

2,705

3,884

4,957

8,847

3,468

3,893

7,362

10,555

391

24,372

29,771

54,145

10,725

1008

138

16,115

20,041

36,156

12,870

106

756

25,186

31,967

57,179

56,236

1,568

8,387

70,523

87,931

158,518

849

113

5,908

6,640

12,557

405

161

10,044

11,125

21,172

969

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

North Carolina Voter Registration - 2002

County

Democrats

Republicans

Libertarians

unaffiliated

White

DAVIDSON

34,943

43,722

125

12,808

83,034

DAVIE

5,777

12,140

3,046

19,512

DUPLIN

15,9 50

6,378

3,398

17,387

DURHAM

94,050

33,961

446

29,461

96,923

EDGECOMBE

27,879

5,819

2,309

15,760

FORSYTH

85,821

69,856

292

28,726

139,402

FRANKLIN

15,573

8,242

3,644

19,661

GASTON

45,816

44,218

116

19,841

95,933

GATES

4,758

977

867

4,112

GRAHAM

2,638

2,787

824

5,929

GRANVILLE

17,072

5,766

3,134

17,172

GREENE

7,696

1,544

874

6,297

GUILFORD

137,517

95,036

533

47,197

198,054

HALIFAX

26,010

4,929

3,397

16,586

HARNETT

26,064

16,339

7,160

38,135

HAYWOOD

21,780

11,206

6,532

38,898

HENDERSON

18,955

32,697

149

16,043

65,528

HERTFORD

11,533

1,774

1200

6,039

HOKE

12,186

3,227

3,261

9,114

HYDE

2,816

393

315

2,563

IREDELL

30,509

32,535

102

13,415

66,909

JACKSON

11,479

6,670

5,149

21,514

JOHNSTON

35,242

28,856

104

12,228

64,475

JONES

5,000

1114

750

4,320

LEE

15,669

7,836

4,556

22,297

LENOIR

23,767

8,057

3,453

21,205

LINCOLN

16,392

17,025

7,145

38,484

MACON

8,623

9,088

4,638

22,093

970

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Black

Am. Indian

other

male

female

total registration

7,848

178

522

42,284

49,314

91,598

1,337

123

9,809

11,179

20,998

7,958

261

11,058

14,580

25,750

54,443

258

3,406

67,342

89,357

157,918

20,037

198

15,163

20,857

36,026

42,190

250

1,957

81,158

103,424

184,695

7,440

191

12,545

14,866

27,495

13,128

102

779

49,240

60,742

109,991

2,449

2,996

3,610

6,609

284

3,020

3,234

6,254

8,521

251

11,255

14,747

26,012

3,771

4,431

5,691

10,123

77,644

617

3,968

123,706

156,546

280,283

16,542

1,010

192

14,149

20,202

34,354

10,278

255

755

22,177

27,353

49,624

390

204

18,308

21,273

39,593

1,493

566

30,822

36,918

67,844

8,287

5,986

8,521

14,516

7,724

1,723

431

7,977

10,735

18,713

944

1,574

1,952

3,526

8,677

588

35,213

41,271

76,561

290

1,223

149

10,925

12,269

23,332

10,851

160

884

34,726

41,675

76,431

2,506

3,121

3,745

6,873

5,214

445

12,542

15,537

28,099

13,710

206

14,829

20,418

35,299

2,288

297

19,309

21,837

41,161

150

10,338

12,071

22,421

971

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

North Carolina Voter Registration - 2002

County

Democrats

Republicans I

.ibertarians

unaffiliated

White

MADISON

7,589

4,072

2,263

13,789

MARTIN

12,008

2,906

1,838

9,807

MCDOWELL

1 1,567

8,988

4,453

24,027

MECKLENBURG

192,787

160,902

916

92,227

321,951

MITCHELL

1,268

8,300

2,000

11,528

MONTGOMERY

9,179

4,495

1,935

11,979

MOORE

17,661

23,384

10,033

43,968

NASH

29,783

18,476

5,397

37,346

NEW HANOVER

46,866

44,885

529

23,943

99,496

NORTHAMPTON

11,717

1006

1059

5,997

ONSLOW

27,083

21,924

184

12,891

48,556

ORANGE

50,752

22,109

381

20,948

78,721

PAMLICO

5,000

2,205

1,297

6,634

PASQUOTANK

12,926

4,588

4,455

13,785

PENDER

13,134

8,113

3,936

19,235

PERQUIMANS

4,804

1,723

1,433

5,904

PERSON

12,123

4,683

2,671

14,411

PITT

45,816

23,514

155

12,705

56,669

POLK

5,634

5,988

3,461

14,259

RANDOLPH

21,388

38,066

11,479

66,537

RICHMOND

21,435

5,096

3,448

20,586

ROBESON

58,032

7,026

5,471

26,475

ROCKINGHAM

31,055

17,449

9,643

46,577

ROWAN

32,169

34,949

105

13,953

68,257

RUTHERFORD

19,488

12,350

6,673

34,499

SAMPSON

18,295

12,658

3,049

22,720

SCOTLAND

14,426

3,641

3,183

12,596

STANLY

14,222

14,701

6,035

31,530

972

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Black

Am. Indian

other

male

female

total registration

6,637

7,284

13,941

6,870

7,183

9,596

16,783

828

140

11,545

13,490

25,045

111,061

956

8,989

201,646

244,742

446,923

5,401

6,171

11,577

3,398

182

7,106

8,511

15,624

6,582

187

390

23,252

27,900

51,152

15,557

147

620

23,867

29,816

53,696

14,812

208

1164

52,967

62,720

116,223

7,728

5,884

7,900

13,786

10,926

203

2,196

27,599

34,390

62,082

11,365

160

3,040

42,041

52,118

94.190

1,801

3,829

4,672

8,514

7,853

250

9,727

12,261

21,997

5,628

155

11,488

13,613

25,235

2,035

3,658

4,307

7,965

4,812

105

8,743

10,740

19,489

23,943

144

1073

35,933

46,228

82,190

761

6,690

8,414

15,109

3,695

147

491

32,575

38,428

71,024

8,906

126

157

13,320

16,677

30,008

17,530

25,380

860

30,640

39,752

70,558

10,958

375

25,722

32,474

58,226

11,821

127

676

37,441

43,642

81,176

3,646

203

17,517

20,924

38,552

10,318

517

451

15,265

18,757

34,040

7,584

916

143

9,036

12,166

21,267

3,201

200

16,250

18,731

34,984

973

NORTH CAROLINA

MANUAL

2001 -2002

North Carolina Voter Registration - 2002

County

Democrats

Republicans

Libertarians

unaffiliated

White

STOKES

10,654

13,240

3,338

25,787 1

SURRY

18,843

15,914

6,256

39,104

SWAIN

5,748

2,836

2,117

8,791 '

TRANSYLVANIA

8,525

8,833

4,983

21,259

TYRRELL

1,936

202

273

1,603

UNION

29,354

36,274

145

15,851

71,380

VANCE

16,923

3,519

2,345

12,345

WAKE

175,331

147,628

1145

86,375

325,034

WARREN

10,552

1,401

1057

5,439

WASHINGTON

6,747

1,121

701

4,550

WATAUGA

12,690

14,717

153

9,337

35,989

WAYNE

30,511

18,441

7,055

38,025

WILKES

12,127

20,986

5,235

36,613

WILSON

27,485

12,561

4,699

27,936

YADKIN

5,223

13,328

3,333

21,061

YANCEY

6,641

5,292

1,792

13,591

tolal

2,-^44,246

1,740,489

9,245

873,979

3,954,541

974

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Black

Am. Indian

other

nnale

female

total registration

1,207

189

12,740

14,512

27,261

1,528

243

18,906

22,071

41,037

196

1,659

5,063

5,643

10,716

911

162

10,531

11,770

22,372

791

1,069

1,343

2,412

8,882

170

849

38,343

43,071

81,624

10,168

249

9,644

13,159

22,804

70,734

617

10,666

190,145

218,704

410,479

6,989

479

5,718

7,287

13,016

3,958

3,723

4,835

8,576

526

290

17,594

19,294

36,897

17,162

704

24,527

31,522

56,069

1,490

176

18,199

20,102

38,395

16,385

464

19,652

25,173

44,831

668

114

10,290

11,575

21,907

6,539

7,197

13,738

978,500 43,090 70,102 2,283,768 2,776,400 5,067,694

975

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for U.S. President

county

Albert
Gore, Jr. (D)

George W.
Bush(R)

Harry
Browne (L)

Pat
Buchanan (RFM)

ALAMANCE

17,459

29,305

157

170

ALEXANDER

4,166

9,242

ALLEGHANY

1,715

2,531

ANSON

4,792

3,161

ASHE

4,011

6,226

AVERY

1,686

4,956

BEAUFORT

6,634

10,531

BERTIE

4,660

2,488

BLADEN

5,889

4,977

BRUNSWICK

13,118

15,427

136

158

BUNCOMBE

38,545

46,101

471

359

BURKE

11,924

18,466

125

143

CABARRUS

16,284

32,704

242

151

CALDWELL

8,588

17,337

CAMDEN

1,187

1,628

CARTERET

8,839

17,381

106

132

CASWELL

4,091

4,270

CATAWBA

16,246

34,244

209

141

CHATHAM

10,461

10,248

148

CHEROKEE

3,239

6,305

CHOWAN

2,430

2,415

CLAY

1,361

2,416

CLEVELAND

13,455

19,064

109

104

COLUMBUS

9,986

8,342

CRAVEN

12,213

19,494

113

165

CUMBERLAND

38,626

38,129

237

159

CURRITUCK

2,595

4,095

DARE

5,589

7,301

976

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for U.S. President

county

Albert
Gore(D)

George W.
Bush(R)

Harry
Browne(L)

Pat
Buchanan (RFM)

DAVIDSON

16,199

35,387

173

288

DAVIE

3,651

10,184

DUPLIN

6,475

7,840

DURHAM

53,907

30,150

433

103

EDGECOMBE

11,315

6,836

FORSYTH

52,457

67,700

442

343

FRANKLIN

7,454

8,501

GASTON

19,281

39,453

253

192

GATES

1,944

1,480

GRAHAM

1,006

2,304

GRANVILLE

7,733

7,364

GREENE

2,478

3,353

GUILFORD

80,787

84,394

569

485

HALIFAX

10,222

6,698

HARNETT

9,155

14,762

HAYWOOD

9,793

12,118

107

104

HENDERSON

12,562

25,688

183

174

HERTFORD

5,484

2,382

HOKE

5,017

3,439

HYDE

1,088

1,132

IREDELL

15,434

29,853

163

136

JACKSON

5,722

6,237

JOHNSTON

13,704

27,212

157

JONES

1,822

2,114

LEE

6,785

9,406

LENOIR

9,527

11,512

LINCOLN

8,412

15,951

MACON

4,683

8,406

977

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for U.S. President

county

Albert
Gore(D)

George W.
Bush(R)

Harry
Browned)

Pat
Buchanan (RFM)

MADISON

3,505

4,676

MARTIN

4,929

4,420

MCDOWELL

4,747

9,109

MECKLENBURG

126,911

134,068

487

279

MITCHELL

1,535

4,984

MONTGOMERY

3,979

4,946

MOORE

11,232

19,882

106

NASH

12,376

17,995

NEW HANOVER

29,292

36,503

377

147

NORTHAMPTON

5,513

2,667

ONSLOW

10,269

19,657

167

122

ORANGE

30,921

17,930

392

PAMLICO

2,188

2,999

PASQUOTANK

5,874

4,943

PENDER

6,415

7,661

PERQUIMANS

2,033

2,230

PERSON

5,042

6,722

PITT

19,685

23,192

115

POLK

3,114

5,074

RANDOLPH

11,366

30,959

149

222

RICHMOND

7,935

6,263

ROBESON

17,834

11,721

ROCKINGHAM

13,260

18,979

127

ROWAN

14,891

28,922

146

174

RUTHERFORD

7,697

13,755

171

SAMPSON

8,768

10,410

SCOTLAND

5,627

3,740

STANLY

7,066

15,548

135

978

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for U.S. President

county

Albert
Gore(D)

George W.
Bush(R)

Harry
Browne(L)

Pat

Buchanan (RFM)

jSTOKES

5,030

12,028

JSURRY

7,757

15,401

115

; SWAIN

2,097

2,224

TRANSYLVANIA

5,044

9,011

TYRRELL

849

706

UNION

14,890

31,876

247

146

VANCE

7,092

5,564

WAKE

123,466

142,494

1,754

497

WARREN

4,576

2,202

WASHINGTON

2,704

2,169

WATAUGA

7,959

10,438

151

WAYNE

13,005

20,758

WILKES

7,226

16,826

120

WILSON

11,266

13,466

YADKIN

3,127

10,435

YANCEY

3,714

4,970

total

1,257,692

1,631,163

J2,307

8,874

979

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for U.S. House
V^ Congressional District

County

EvaM.
Clayton (D)

Duane E.Christopher Sean
Kratzer (R) Delaney (L)

BEAUFORT

4,674

3,753

150

BERTIE

5,082

1,743

CRAVEN

6,059

3,466

256

EDGECOMBE

12,601

5,515

234

GATES

2,278

1,127

GRANVILLE

5,643

2,420

GREENE

2,961

2,610

HALIFAX

11,934

5,004

472

HERTFORD

5,844

1,778

JONES

2,110

1,454

LENOIR

7,164

3,384

MARTIN

5,677

3,604

161

NORTHAMPTON

6,113

2,024

210

PERSON

4,388

2,566

143

PITT

9,605

5,804

141

VANCE

8,357

4,220

175

WARREN

5,105

1,692

WASHINGTON

2,585

1,244

WAYNE

7,282

4,374

WILSON

8,709

4,416

106

total 124,171 62,198 2,799

980

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for U.S. House
2""^ Congressional District

county

Bob
Etheridge (D)

Doug
Haynes (R)

Mark D.
Jackson (L)

FRANKLIN

9,609

6,313

116

GRANVILLE

3,786

2,851

HARNETT

14,581

9,696

178

JOHNSTON

22,081

19,534

305

LEE

9,481

6,416

157

NASH

17,204

13,638

161

SAMPSON

5,625

3,527

WAKE

58,988

35,476

1,018

WILSON

5,378

5,560

total 146,733 103,011 2,094

981

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for U.S. House
3'"^ Congressional District

county

BEAUFORT

Leigh Harvey
McNairy( D)

2,649

Walter B.
Jones (R)

5,759

David F.
Russell (L)

CAMDEN

1,288

1,472

CARTERET

8,353

17,667

360

CHOWAN

2,426

2,111

CRAVEN

6,928

14,732

269

CURRITUCK

2,520

3,969

113

DARE

5,764

7,036

194

HYDE

988

1,221

JONES

239

LENOIR

3,840

6,589

ONSLOW

10,577

18,716

607

PAMLICO

2,165

3,017

PASQUOTANK

6,406

4,264

108

PERQUIMANS

2,078

2,085

PITT

9,182

17,315

221

TYRRELL

825

708

WASHINGTON

519

663

WAYNE

7,453

14,377

173

total

74,058

121,940

2,457

982

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for U.S. House
4^^ Congressional District

■1

David

Jess

C. Brian

county

Price (D)

Wark (R)

Towey (L)

CHATHAM

10,889

6,454

285

DURHAM

61,565

21,293

1,436

iORANGE

35,297

13,281

1,002

PERSON

2,373

1,885

WAKE

90,761

76,499

2,808

total

200,885

119,412

5,573

2000 General Election for U.S. House
5^^ Congressional District

county

ALAMANCE

ALLEGHANY

ASHE

CASWELL

DAVIE

FORSYTH

ROCKINGHAM

STOKES

SURRY

total 172,489 13,366

Richard M.

Steven Francis

Burr (R)

LeBoeuf (L)

20,075

1,586

2,913

188

7,279

449

4,443

414

11,010

629

73,229

6,691

23,266

2,023

13,564

691

16,710

695

983

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for U.S. House
6^^ Congressional District

Howard

Jeffrey Dean

Gene

county

Coble (R)

Bentley (L)

Gay (Wl)

ALAMANCE

10,308

1,920

CHATHAM

2,108

152

DAVIDSON

18,109

1,058

GUILFORD

88,062

10,341

276

MOORE

19,633

1,010

RANDOLPH

33,749

1,752

296

ROWAN

23,758

2,493

total 195,727 18,726 632

2000 General Election for U.S. House
7^^ Congressional District

Mike

James R,

Bob

county

Mclntyre (D)

Adams (R)

Burns (L)

BLADEN

8,442

1,849

BRUNSWICK

18,987

8,937

601

COLUMBUS

15,259

2,984

189

CUMBERLAND

29,671

15,818

462

DUPLIN

8,982

4,762

113

NEW HANOVER

42,541

20,932

1,264

PENDER

9,155

4,573

164

ROBESON

21,633

2,317

114

SAMPSON

5,515

4,291

total 160,185 66,463 3,018

984

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for U.S. House
8*^ Congressional District

Mike

Robert C. "Robin"

Jack

county

Taylor (D)

Hayes (R)

Schwartz (L)

ANSON

4,945

2,988

CABARRUS

15,803

33,432

612

CUMBERLAND

19,804

10,891

260

HOKE

34,562

2,902

114

MONTGOMERY

4,276

4,647

RICHMOND

7,275

7,213

ROBESON

4,621

2,119

SCOTLAND

5,660

3,421

STANLY

8,120

14,139

194

UNION

14,439

30,198

542

total 89,505 111,950 2,009

2000 General Election for U.S. House
9^^ Congressional District

Sue

Christopher S. James M.

county

McGuire (D)

Myrick (R)

ColelD Cahaney (RFM)

CLEVELAND

10,967

21,693

178 146

GASTON

15,466

43,379

449 323

IREDELL

101

3 1

MECKLENBURG

52,912

115,988

1,829 748

total 79,382 181,161 2,459 1,218

985

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for U.S. House
10^^ Congressional District

Delmas

T.Cass

Deborah G.

county

Parker (D)

Ballenger (R)

Eddins(L)

ALEXANDER

4,251

9,153

199

AVERY

1,170

4,969

265

BURKE

10,841

18,377

541

CALDWELL

7,240

18,450

485

CATAWBA

13,705

35,909

1,041

FORSYTH

IREDELL

8,204

19,609

682

LINCOLN

7,709

15,720

597

MITCHELL

1,212

4,972

153

WATAUGA

6,794

10,647

775

WILKES

6,954

16,187

550

YADKIN

2,797

10,189

311

total

70,877

164,182

5,599

986

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for U.S. House
1V^ Congressional District

Sam

Charles

Charles Barry

1 county

Neill (D)

Taylor (R)

Williams (L)

BUNCOMBE

40,071

42,760

2,803

CHEROKEE

3,070

5,882

CLAY

1,452

2,427

\ GRAHAM

1,006

2,374

HAYWOOD

10,626

11,646

675

HENDERSON

12,990

23,127

1,020

JACKSON

6,096

5,793

342

MACON

5,102

7,592

368

MADISON

3,524

4,337

163

MCDOWELL

4,708

8,999

342

POLK

3,276

4,650

266

RUTHERFORD

8,735

12,005

571

SWAIN

2,076

2,171

TRANSYLVANIA

5,579

8,029

561

YANCEY

3,923

4,885

114

total 112,234 146,677 7,466

2000 General Election for U.S. House
12*^ Congressional District

Mel

Chad

Anna

county

Watt (D)

Mitchell (R)

Lyon(L)

DAVIDSON

10,309

16,902

750

FORSYTH

15,068

2,253

201

GUILFORD

35,032

11,829

882

IREDELL

7,025

8,469

344

MECKLENBURG

61,095

25,127

1,574

ROWAN

7,041

5,016

227

total 135,570 69,596 3,978

987

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for N.C. Governor

Mike

Richard

Barbara

Douglas

county

Easley

Vinroot

Howe

Schell

ALAMANCE

22,180

24,447

588

119

ALEXANDER

5,381

8,218

160

ALLEGHANY

2,293

1,938

ANSON

5,473

2,481

ASHE

4,831

5,494

160

AVERY

2,187

4,343

151

BEAUFORT

9,108

8,438

149

BERTIE

5,568

1,679

BLADEN

7,689

3,112

BRUNSWICK

16,685

11,682

411

143

BUNCOMBE

43,436

39,802

2,252

471

BURKE

13,408

15,068

372

110

CABARRUS

19,540

29,641

802

141

CALDWELL

10,963

14,958

580

CAMDEN

1,621

1,121

CARTERET

11,786

13,536

343

CASWELL

4,968

3,349

CATAWBA

20,001

30,595

737

167

CHATHAM

12,371

8,746

381

CHEROKEE

4,050

5,492

128

CHOWAN

3,057

1,636

CLAY

1,597

2,238

CLEVELAND

17,218

15,586

342

COLUMBUS

13,689

4,964

179

CRAVEN

15,970

15,531

348

CUMBERLAND

46,386

30,952

974

167

CURRITUCK

3,389

3,074

185

DARE

7,589

5,195

270

988

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for N.C. Governor

Mike

Richard

Barbara

Douglas

county

Easley

Vinroot

Howe

Schell

DAVIDSON

22,505

28,583

717

133

DAVIE

5,214

8,377

277

DUPLIN

8,291

6,148

101

DURHAM

59,667

25,250

1,195

124

EDGECOMBE

13,753

4,864

FORSYTH

62,677

56,369

1,852

378

FRANKLIN

9,528

6,515

187

GASTON

23,572

35,101

822

207

GATES

2,473

974

GRAHAM

1,471

1,874

GRANVILLE

9,706

5,461

144

GREENE

3,435

2,329

GUILFORD

94,523

70,922

2,382

431

HALIFAX

12,691

4,927

124

HARNETT

13,037

11,277

290

HAYWOOD

12,698

9,853

404

HENDERSON

15,138

23,043

601

120

HERTFORD

6,193

1,587

HOKE

5,797

2,469

108

HYDE

1,396

774

IREDELL

18,620

26,496

644

133

JACKSON

6,695

5,258

250

JOHNSTON

21,369

20,214

534

JONES

2,309

1,658

LEE

8,856

7,230

188

LENOIR

12,802

8,499

LINCOLN

10,465

14,003

368

MACON

5,930

7,231

225

989

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for N.C. Governor

Mike

Richard

Barbara

Douglas

county

Easley

Vinroot

Howe

Schell

MADISON

4,352

3,748

155

MARTIN

6,563

3,005

MCDOWELL

6,458

7,336

330

MECKLENBURG

126,480

133,728

3,349

616

MITCHELL

1,971

4,540

100

MONTGOMERY

5,194

3,861

MOORE

14,032

17,738

201

NASH

18,261

12,953

185

NEW HANOVER

36,971

27,992

1,332

212

NORTHAMPTON

6,636

1,850

ONSLOW

13,622

15,804

720

158

ORANGE

33,837

15,528

1,042

100

PAMLICO

2,852

2,325

PASQUOTANK

6,995

3,576

159

PENDER

7,993

6,052

185

PERQUIMANS

2,604

1,548

PERSON

6,800

5,071

122

PITT

25,738

16,969

320

POLK

3,559

4,395

201

RANDOLPH

16,410

26,235

532

126

RICHMOND

9,658

4,567

1,454

ROBESON

23,118

7,517

324

114

ROCKINGHAM

17,525

14,681

490

ROWAN

18,643

24,978

720

163

RUTHERFORD

10,190

10,736

385

SAMPSON

10,943

8,455

126

SCOTLAND

6,777

2,759

STANLY

9,197

13,015

296

990

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for N.C. Governor

Mike

Richard

Barbara

Douglas

county

Easley

Vinroot

Howe

Schell

STOKES

7,488

9,841

234

SURRY

10,454

12,602

204

SWAIN

2,437

1,855

TRANSYLVANIA

5,557

8,219

355

TYRRELL

1,118

402

UNION

16,986

28,892

729

101

VANCE

8,875

4,147

WAKE

150,014

117,283

4,336

492

WARREN

5,138

1,804

WASHINGTON

3,526

1,581

WATAUGA

9,177

9,015

624

129

WAYNE

17,526

16,608

302

WILKES

10,448

14,463

301

WILSON

15,463

9,706

141

YADKIN

4,980

8,719

190

YANCEY

4,513

4,259

126

total

1,530,324

1,360,960

42,674

8,104

991

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2000 General Election for Lieutenant Governor

Beverly Betsy Catherine

Perdue Cochrane Carter

total 1,500,206 1,315,825 50,352

2000 General Election for Secretary of State

Elaine F. Harris Durham
Marshall Blake

total 1,512,076 1,265,654

2000 General Election for Attorney General

Roy Dan Margaret

Cooper Boyce Palms

total 1,500,206 1,315,825 50,352

2000 General Election for State Auditor

Ralph Leslie

Campbell Merritt

total 1,392,211 1,363,890

2000 General Election for State Treasurer

Richard Henry

Moore McKoy

total 1,539,761 1,242,202

2000 General Election for Commissioner of Agriculture

Meg Scott Steve

Phipps Troxler

total 1,418,164 1,386,311

992

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2000 General Election for Commissioner of Insurance

Jim Mike

Long Causey

total 1,590,139 1,222,527

2000 General Election for
Superintendent of Public Instruction

Mike Michael

Ward Barrick

total 1,475,309 1,289,472

993

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Democratic Primary for U.S. Senate

county

Albert Lee
Wiley, Jr.

Duke
Underwood

David E.
Tidwell

Elaine F.
Marshall

ALAMANCE

316

120

112

645

ALEXANDER

134

431

ALLEGHANY

108

ANSON

399

ASHE

151

AVERY

BEAUFORT

167

112

106

1,426

BERTIE

116

572

BLADEN

161

185

120

1,137

BRUNSWICK

280

172

151

1,308

BUNCOMBE

283

176

173

1.181

BURKE

123

839

CABARRUS

408

CALDWELL

327

CAMDEN

304

CARTERET

118

1,332

CASWELL

312

176

169

336

CATAWBA

105

536

CHATHAM

143

146

1,703

CHEROKEE

154

181

137

301

CHOWAN

213

CLAY

108

CLEVELAND

231

169

266

1,475

COLUMBUS

203

265

194

1,356

CRAVEN

215

164

1,099

CUMBERLAND

341

246

338

4,823

CURRITUCK

274

DARE

117

592

994

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Randy

Crowe

Cynthia D.
Brown

Ersklne B.
Bowles

Dan
Blue

Bob
Ayers

182

2,841

2,040

289

1,988

325

105

842

132

151

1,813

1,599

972

112

197

301

3,099

1,153

196

225

1,561

1,903

160

103

276

2,361

2,026

145

233

3,464

1,193

132

1,734

5,712

1,534

220

162

2,644

1,120

176

108

2,973

965

1,620

402

410

214

116

261

131

2,828

435

395

1,535

1,144

113

291

3,025

1,137

104

431

4,256

2,642

147

117

226

1,086

146

178

494

157

232

150

406

4,859

2,509

285

159

395

4,277

2,125

181

330

238

2,934

1,252

107

216

819

8,718

7,619

324

413

164

197

1,666

275

161

995

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Democratic Primary for U.S. Senate

Albert Lee

Duke

David E.

Elaine F.

county

Wiley, Jr.

Underwood

Tidwell

Marshall

DAVIDSON

128

168

143

637

DAVIE

141

DUPLIN

176

1,107

DURHAM

240

141

3,933

EDGECOMBE

112

982

FORSYTH

248

234

292

1,645

FRANKLIN

1,563

GASTON

125

287

656

GATES

131

343

GRAHAM

GRANVILLE

933

GREENE

668

GUILFORD

317

192

356

1,555

HALIFAX

166

108

171

1,567

HARNETT

4,338

HAYWOOD

235

191

135

724

HENDERSON

101

290

HERTFORD

404

HOKE

102

144

655

HYDE

309

IREDELL

548

JACKSON

158

165

111

512

JOHNSTON

105

171

106

2,820

JONES

444

LEE

1,877

LENOIR

187

132

1,604

LINCOLN

100

146

120

913

MACON

129

134

133

571

996

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Randy
Crowe

Cynthia D.
Brown

Erskine B.
Bowles

Dan
Blue

Bob
Ayers

393

4,830

1,509

184

902

291

249

2,126

1,719

131

1,535

8,513

12,201

137

366

2,224

3,248

163

678

10,947

8,440

311

253

1,878

1,670

211

3,601

1,466

112

217

346

276

105

390

188

1,350

1,760

1,390

640

116

682

14,006

10,375

354

417

2,862

4,010

220

129

1,640

1,371

151

444

3,555

617

262

227

1,949

290

111

148

608

1,420

238

1,410

1,914

501

103

182

3,113

1,040

117

510

1,955

293

207

243

3,109

2,259

128

624

803

312

1,532

1,036

259

2,899

2,188

130

202

3,450

889

114

211

1,243

162

180

997

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Democratic Primary for U.S. Senate

Albert Lee

Duke

David E.

Elaine F.

county

Wiley, Jr.

Underwood

Tidwell

Marshall

MADISON

419

MARTIN

619

MCDOWELL

431

MECKLENBURG

595

353

303

1,966

MITCHELL

MONTGOMERY

367

MOORE

118

632

NASH

128

105

1,518

NEW HANOVER

102

118

1,256

NORTHAMPTON

102

909

ONSLOW

188

131

179

1,574

ORANGE

113

1,964

PAMLICO

127

119

305

PASQUOTANK

109

627

PENDER

100

484

PERQUIMANS

190

PERSON

100

109

130

1,089

PITT

286

239

153

2,064

POLK

224

RANDOLPH

140

375

RICHMOND

120

107

903

ROBESON

588

499

524

2,873

ROCKINGHAM

113

127

204

741

ROWAN

116

170

776

RUTHERFORD

340

129

646

SAMPSON

108

120

1,575

SCOTLAND

115

568

STANLY

116

160

512

998

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Randy
Crow

Cynthia D.
Brown

218

Erskine B.
Bowles

1,298

Dan
Blue

220

Crow
Ayers

112

234

1,681

1,147

922

141

181

122

806

19,084

10,186

221

132

122

1,459

759

115

2,078

885

269

2,842

2,213

150

123

266

6,198

2,935

319

1,505

2,674

154

638

2,825

1,343

212

617

6.929

4,905

142

228

982

283

167

1,037

929

111

184

1,628

1,226

503

147

299

2,197

1,519

138

148

708

5,884

2,706

232

123

943

106

116

2,499

506

279

2,457

1,549

166

296

1,076

4,602

8,215

532

745

3,754

2,121

182

234

3,729

1,860

191

174

2,054

454

191

217

1,714

1,713

111

241

1,577

1,864

102

137

2,779

744

999

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Democratic Primary for U.S. Senate

Albert Lee

Duke

David E.

Elaine F.

county

Wiley, Jr.

Underwood

Tidwell

Marshall

STOKES

246

SURRY

107

106

119

621

SWAIN

263

TRANSYLVANIA

168

TYRRELL

175

UNION

362

VANCE

808

WAKE

395

189

378

9,507

WARREN

562

WASHINGTON

376

WATAUGA

468

WAYNE

1,123

WILKES

328

WILSON

211

1,307

YADKIN

YANCEY

130

total 12J25 9,940 10,510 97,392

1000

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Randy
Crowe

Cynthia D.
Brown

Erskine B.
Bowles

Dan
Blue

Bob
Ayers

1,631

446

119

3,112

965

181

106

708

911

165

530

162

121

2,665

1,779

126

1,102

1,795

179

1,085

18,434

20,535

335

152

1,123

1,789

119

1,203

1,251

104

121

1,428

298

130

2,072

2,412

106

1,929

413

157

1,910

2,523

804

244

513

6,788 27,799 277,329 184,216 12,326

1001

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Republican Primary for U.S. Senate

Jim

Douglas J.

Jim

Ada M.

county

Snyder

Sellers

Parker

Fisher

ALAMANCE

1,287

133

ALEXANDER

181

ALLEGHANY

135

ANSON

ASHE

265

AVERY

307

119

BEAUFORT

340

BERTIE

BLADEN

BRUNSWICK

356

101

BUNCOMBE

1,444

116

283

104

BURKE

403

100

CABARRUS

893

158

CALDWELL

393

105

CAMDEN

CARTERET

471

125

CASWELL

111

CATAWBA

1,132

294

134

CHATHAM

332

CHEROKEE

291

135

CHOWAN

CLAY

CLEVELAND

279

COLUMBUS

CRAVEN

443

112

CUMBERLAND

548

238

CURRITUCK

DARE

1002

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Elizabeth
Dole

Timothy
Cook

Venkat
Challa

4,873

1,520

410

366

1,655

3,316

2,555

213

487

3,269

6,278

3,594

4,568

4,402

177

4,736

454

9,157

2,452

2,094

297

554

2,966

925

4,191

6,845

521

1,115

1003

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Republican Primary for U.S. Senate

Jim

Douglas J.

Jim

Ada M.

county

Snyder

Sellers

Parker

Fisher

DAVIDSON

4,492

121

DAVIE

1,262

DUPLIN

139

DURHAM

520

129

EDGECOMBE

FORSYTH

5,191

291

215

FRANKLIN

413

GASTON

942

143

136

GATES

GRAHAM

128

GRANVILLE

135

GREENE

GUILFORD

3,780

100

276

373

HALIFAX

HARNETT

478

HAYWOOD

340

HENDERSON

1,960

177

330

226

HERTFORD

HOKE

HYDE

IREDELL

1,144

142

JACKSON

JOHNSTON

744

136

JONES

LEE

223

LENOIR

LINCOLN

630

166

MACON

317

124

1004

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Elizabeth H.
Dole

Timothy
Cook

Venkat
Challa

7,060

3,516

1,300

5,156

672

16,316

170

1,613

6,316

121

1,164

806

273

16,360

965

3,211

1,563

10,712

224

475

118

6,231

851

5,891

219

1,727

1,651

5,802

2,913

1005

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Republican Primary for U.S. Senate

Jim

Douglas J.

Jim

Ada M.

county

Snyder

Sellers

Parker

Fisher

MADISON

142

MARTIN

MCDOWELL

328

MECKLENBURG

3,100

253

489

808

MITCHELL

578

194

MONTGOMERY

133

MOORE

947

102

270

NASH

711

NEW HANOVER

1,651

120

NORTHAMPTON

ONSLOW

453

ORANGE

452

PAMLICO

PASQUOTANK

PENDER

229

PERQUIMANS

PERSON

109

PITT

339

POLK

271

RANDOLPH

2,963

112

219

RICHMOND

ROBESON

132

ROCKINGHAM

700

ROWAN

1,505

245

124

213

RUTHERFORD

240

SAMPSON

195

SCOTLAND

STANLY

460

1006

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Elizabeth H.
Dole

Timothy
Cook

Venkat
Challa

1,038

492

1,232

22,503

139

252

3,429

967

7,981

3,999

8,116

201

3,884

2,817

610

547

1,889

245

1,372

3,691

2,120

9,793

769

958

2,648

8,483

1,809

3,686

545

3,043

1007

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Republican Primary for U.S. Senate

Jim

Douglas J.

Jim

AdaM.

county

Snyder

Sellers

Parker

Fisher

STOKES

1,002

SURRY

624

SWAIN

TRANSYLVANIA

341

TYRRELL

UNION

1,324

247

206

VANCE

WAKE

3,751

164

714

527

WARREN

WASHINGTON

WATAUGA

450

104

WAYNE

196

WILKES

1,152

154

WILSON

322

YADKIN

1,631

180

138

YANCEY

110

total

60,477

3,771

8,752

6,045

1008

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

Elizabeth H.

Timothy

Venkat

Dole

Cook

Challa

2,816

2,200

302

1,911

7,623

410

31,229

179

171

276

229

3,927

3,226

4,826

1,854

4,778

874

342,631

2,643

1,787

1009

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Primary for House V^ Congressional District

Christine L.

Sam

Janice M.

Frank W.

county

Fitch (D)

Davis (D)

Cole (D) Ball,

gnce, Jr. (D)

BEAUFORT

21^)

592

622

925

BERTIE

146

1,433

592

2,814

CHOWAN

378

838

140

CRAVEN

196

419

498

1,037

EDGECOMBE

954

1,719

1,098

3,494

GATES

123

526

821

423

GRANVILLE

119

508

120

1,052

GREENE

452

1,359

406

880

HALIFAX

664

2,427

946

5,506

HERTFORD

643

567

1,721

JONES

165

528

232

837

LENOIR

295

673

650

1,950

MARTIN

194

1,534

558

1,676

NASH

130

219

150

585

NORTHAMPTON

170

1,641

570

3,672

PASQUOTANK

1,278

1,863

479

PERQUIMANS

270

734

145

PITT

547

1,315

2,126

VANCE

121

826

225

1,898

WARREN

170

682

340

2,732

WASHINGTON

192

966

514

1,619

WAYNE

307

523

631

1,597

WILSON

2,164

299

110

525

total

7,526

20,758 14,410 37,833

1010

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 Primary for House 7*^ Congressional District

county

Raymond R.
Brown (R)

James R.
Adams (R)

BLADEN

188

246

BRUNSWICK

1,326

1,745

COLUMBUS

322

460

CUMBERLAND

840

1,179

DUPLIN

409

304

NEW HANOVER

2,865

3,876

PENDER

872

809

ROBESON

385

515

SAMPSON

934

970

SCOTLAND

total 8,142 10,107

ion

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Primary for House 8^^ Congressional District

county

Ray
Warren (D)

William 0.
Richardson (D)

Chris
Kourl (D)

Tripp
Helms (D)

ANSON

241

879

2,579

638

CABARRUS

425

1,298

1,857

920

CUMBERLAND

QQ6

5,885

2,648

477

HOKE

386

1,316

2,052

686

MECKLENBURG

621

1,081

2,872

306

MONTGOMERY

151

690

1,738

405

RICHMOND

282

1,659

3,203

676

SCOTLAND

152

1,123

2,831

506

STANLY

330

1,087

2,401

677

UNION

572

544

771

loud 3,678 15,590 22,725 6,062

1012

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 Primary for House 12*^ Congressional District

Mel

Kimberly

county

Watt (D)

Holley (D)

CABARRUS

DAVIDSON

2,725

1,289

FORSYTH

8,710

1,508

GUILFORD

7,751

1,249

MECKLENBURG

11,605

941

ROWAN

2,987

1,073

total 33,853 6,107

1013

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 Primary for House 13^^ Congressional District

Brad

Bill

Gene

county

Miller (D)

Martin (D)

Gay (D)

ALAMANCE

385

190

CASWELL

1,110

685

163

GRANVILLE

792

641

GUILFORD

772

1,940

320

PERSON

1,771

406

461

ROCKINGHAM

1,594

1,348

498

WAKE

15,706

2,811

860

total 22,130 8,021 2,459

Lawrence

Robin

Ronnie

county

Davis (D)

Britt (D)

Ansley (D)

ALAMANCE

160

846

CASWELL

385

1,312

189

GRANVILLE

481

430

GUILFORD

460

4,118

125

PERSON

733

1,537

400

ROCKINGHAM

846

2,671

199

WAKE

3,846

2,576

1,117

total 6,911 13,490 2,168

Paul

Carolyn W.

Graham

county

Smith (R)

Grant(R)

Boyd(R)

ALAMANCE

265

220

203

CASWELL

116

235

192

GRANVILLE

154

264

310

GUILFORD

816

1,563

1,016

PERSON

252

562

531

ROCKINGHAM

530

1,139

1,005

WAKE

3,707

5,537

6,088

total

5,840

9,520

9,345

1014

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 General Election for U.S. Senate

Erskine B.

Elizabeth H.

Sean

Paul G.

county

Bowles (D)

Dole (R)

Haugh (L)

DeLaney (Wl)

ALAMANCE

13,587

20,580

571

ALEXANDER

4,570

7,125

250

ALLEGHANY

1,840

1,846

ANSON

4,063

2,134

ASHE

3,977

4,886

186

AVERY

1,228

3,616

BEAUFORT

6,098

9,057

317

BERTIE

3,617

1,671

BLADEN

5,144

3,474

BRUNSWICK

11,537

14,002

489

BUNCOMBE

31,359

31,360

754

BURKE

11,115

14,351

608

CABARRUS

13,657

25,434

683

CALDWELL

8,511

13,245

544

CAMDEN

1,325

1,292

CARTERET

7,216

12,408

408

CASWELL

3,615

3,049

CATAWBA

13,436

25,318

772

CHATHAM

9,809

8,897

289

CHEROKEE

3,355

4,878

108

CHOWAN

1,894

1,744

CLAY

1,342

2,209

CLEVELAND

11,330

13,984

392

COLUMBUS

9,015

5,925

195

CRAVEN

10,240

15,162

434

CUMBERLAND

29,417

27,941

758

CURRITUCK

2,337

3,309

DARE

4,418

5,695

143

1015

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 General Election for U.S. Senate

Erskine B.

Elizabeth H.

Sean

Paul G.

county

Bowles (D)

Dole (R)

Haugh (L)

DeLaney (Wl)

DAVIDSON

15,99 2

27,277

1,042

DAVIE

3,008

7,659

175

DUPLIN

5,912

5,476

181

DURHAM

42,350

23,841

739

EDGECOMBE

9,160

4,766

142

FORSYTH

42,696

50,867

1,277

FRANKLIN

6,950

7,170

289

GASTON

14,976

27,176

703

GATES

1,425

764

GRAHAM

1,906

2,220

GRANVILLE

6,146

5,511

131

GREENE

2,252

2,274

GUILFORD

64,050

64,997

1,541

HALIFAX

8,714

5,432

151

HARNETT

8,263

12,174

322

HAYWOOD

9,155

8,438

258

HENDERSON

10,575

19,283

251

HERTFORD

3,854

1,499

HOKE

3,665

2,513

HYDE

1,008

853

IREDELL

11,852

21,646

550

JACKSON

4,988

4,161

118

JOHNSTON

12,722

22,719

484

JONES

2,067

2,065

LEE

5,820

7,375

167

LENOIR

8,624

8,888

152

LINCOLN

7,649

12,309

470

MACON

4,932

6,383

298

1016

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 General Election for U.S. Senate

Erskine B.

Elizabeth H.

Sean

Paul G.

county

Bowles (D)

Dole (R)

Haugh (L)

DeLaney (Wl)

MADISON

3,994

3,300

MARTIN

4,630

3,334

113

MCDOWELL

4,901

6,202

156

MECKLENBURG

98,332

100,762

2,448

MITCHELL

1,590

3,801

MONTGOMERY

3,474

3,502

129

MOORE

8,951

16,753

317

NASH

11,032

14,564

251

NEW HANOVER

22,641

29,478

869

NORTHAMPTON

4,564

2,006

ONSLOW

8,687

14,256

550

ORANGE

25,401

13,629

474

PAMLICO

2,112

2,734

PASQUOTANK

3,921

2,984

PENDER

5,876

6,364

182

PERQUIMANS

1,710

1,688

PERSON

4,444

5,873

159

PITT

15,446

18,514

270

POLK

2,713

3,939

RANDOLPH

9,366

22,134

564

RICHMOND

6,600

4,167

190

ROBESON

12,864

7,410

185

199

ROCKINGHAM

12,062

13,899

626

ROWAN

12,153

22,688

733

RUTHERFORD

7,101

10,012

242

SAMPSON

7,645

8,367

171

SCOTLAND

4,442

3,072

STANLY

6,643

11,680

366

1017

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 General Election for U.S. Senate

county

Erskine B.
Bowles (D)

Elizabeth H.
Dole (R)

Sean
Haugh (L)

Paul G.
DeLaney (Wl)

STOKES

4,888

8,567

335

SURRY

7,161

10,723

362

SWAIN

1,940

1,636

TRANSYLVANIA

34,862

6,416

156

TYRRELL

701

478

UNION

12,059

24,032

545

VANCE

5,584

4,126

WAKE

100,371

122,445

2,780

WARREN

3,833

1,900

WASHINGTON

2,548

1,658

WATAUGA

6,561

8,832

320

WAYNE

10,637

16,372

223

WILKES

7,208

12,238

448

WILSON

9,230

9,756

151

YADKIN

3,139

8,128

292

YANCEY

4,203

3,917

total

1,047,983

1,248,664

33,807

727

1018

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 General Election for U.S. House
1 '^Congressional District

county Bail;

Frank W.
ance, Jr. (D)

Greg
Dority (R)

Mike
Ruff(L)

BEAUFORT

2,542

1,912

BERTIE

3,701

1,459

CHOWAN

1,684

1,385

104

CRAVEN

4,096

3,104

136

EDGECOMBE

9,572

3,941

155

GATES

1,438

673

GRANVILLE

2,386

957

GREENE

2,324

1,961

HALIFAX

8,920

4,689

332

HERTFORD

3,858

1,314

JONES

1,691

874

LENOIR

5,466

2,450

MARTIN

4,578

3,186

101

NASH

1,971

980

NORTHAMPTON

4,632

1,699

129

PASQUOTANK

3,903

2,836

PERQUIMANS

1,659

1,598

PITT

6,626

3,948

104

VANCE

4,402

2,394

102

WARREN

3,905

1,669

WASHINGTON

2,611

1,508

WAYNE

6,390

4,584

107

WILSON

4,802

1,786

total 93,157 50,907 2,093

1019

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 General Election for U.S. House
2""^ Congressional District

county

Bob
Etheridge (D)

Joseph L.
Ellen (R)

Gary
Minter(L)

CHATHAM

6,097

3,831

222

CUMBERLAND

11,046

3,420

196

FRANKLIN

9,505

4,582

229

HARNETT

12,530

7,884

247

JOHNSTON

21,077

13,981

495

LEE

8,102

4,995

174

NASH

8,732

4,026

SAMPSON

6,102

2,223

VANCE

1,918

825

WAKE

15,012

5,198

349

total 100,121 50,965 2,098

1020

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 General Election for U.S. House
3'"^ Congressional District

county

Walter B.
Jones (R)

Gary
Goodson (L)

BEAUFORT

8,676

806

CAMDEN

1,829

326

CARTERET

15,689

1,919

CRAVEN

13,983

1,468

CURRITUCK

4,426

634

DARE

7,334

1,415

DUPLIN

2,420

193

HYDE

972

JONES

1,167

LENOIR

7,142

359

NASH

7,808

705

ONSLOW

19,398

2,373

PAMLICO

3,496

432

PITT

15,765

1,220

TYRRELL

590

WAYNE

12,733

922

WILSON

8,020

556

total

131A48

13A86

1021

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 General Election for U.S. House
4^^ Congressional District

David

Tuan A.

Ken

county

Price (D)

Nguyen (R)

Nelson (L)

CHATHAM

5,24^)

2,586

261

DURHAM

48,281

16,184

1,600

ORANGE

28,288

9,697

1,162

WAKE

50,367

49,628

2,743

total 132,185 78,095 5,766

2002 General Election for U.S. House
5^^ Congressional District

David

Richard M.

county

Crawford(D)

Burr(R)

ALEXANDER

4,677

6,851

ALLEGHANY

1,482

2,285

ASHE

3,223

5,683

DAVIE

2,351

8,392

FORSYTH

15,072

48,049

IREDELL

7,062

10,636

ROCKINGHAM

648

2,152

STOKES

3,961

9,851

SURRY

5,720

12,482

WATAUGA

6,131

8,999

WILKES

5,970

13,365

YADKIN

2,261

9,134

total 58,558 137,879

1022

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 General Election for U.S. House
6^^ Congressional District

Howard

Tara

county

Coble (R)

Grubb (L)

ALAMANCE

21,500

1,872

DAVIDSON

17,917

1,591

GUILFORD

54,619

6,894

MOORE

16,846

1,399

RANDOLPH

25,937

1,937

ROWAN

14,611

2,374

total 151,430 16,067

2002 General Election for U.S. House
7^^ Congressional District

Mike James R. David Michael

county Mclntyre (D) Adams (R) Brooks (L)

BLADEN 7,058 1,227 59

BRUNSWICK 16,970 8,312 407

COLUMBUS 12,719 2,042 182

CUMBERLAND 11,267 5,448 289

DUPLIN 5,980 2,018 98

NEW HANOVER 35,268 16,071 995

PENDER 8,446 3,710 179

ROBESON 17,532 2,385 283

SAMPSON 3,263 4,198 82

SCOTLAND 40 16 0

total 118,543 45,537 2.574

1023

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 General Election for U.S. House
8^^ Congressional District

Chris

Robert C.

Mark Andrew

county

Kouri (D)

Hayes (R)

Johnson (L)

ANSON

3,914

2,286

CABARRUS

11,363

25,470

689

CUMBERLAND

11,422

14,115

425

HOKE

3,392

2,698

MECKLENBURG

13,290

8,338

609

MONTGOMERY

3,447

3,585

RICHMOND

6,143

4,722

125

SCOTLAND

4,065

3,295

STANLY

6,499

11,767

328

UNION

3,284

4,022

115

total 66,819 80,298 2,619

2002 General Election for U.S. House
9^^ Congressional District

county

Ed
McGuire (D)

Sue
Myrick (R)

Christopher S.
Cole (L)

GASTON

9,262

27,169

600

MECKLENBURG

34,778

90,949

2,381

UNION

5,934

21,977

393

^otal 49,974 140,095 3,374

1024

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 General Election for U.S. House
10*^ Congressional District

Ron

Cass Christ

opher M.

county

Daugherty (D)

Ballenger (R)

Hill (L)

AVERY

1,057

3,673

106

BURKE

11,962

12,828

775

CALDWELL

9,198

12,322

640

CATAWBA

14,457

23,608

1,200

CLEVELAND

10,771

13,714

656

GASTON

1,759

3,694

150

IREDELL

4,353

10,691

433

LINCOLN

6,843

12,760

580

MITCHELL

1,358

3,872

120

RUTHERFORD

3,829

5,606

277

total

65,587

102,768

4,937

1025

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002 General Election for U.S. House
1 V^ Congressional District

Sam

Charles H.

Eric

county

Neill (D)

Taylor (R)

Henry (L)

BUNCOMBE

20,704

32,439

1,091

CHEROKEE

2,875

4,953

CLAY

1,361

2,203

GRAHAM

1,275

2,381

HAYWOOD

8,772

8,840

288

HENDERSON

10,090

18,692

406

JACKSON

4,670

4,420

167

MACON

4,336

6,605

350

MADISON

3,504

3,714

MCDOWELL

4,101

7,020

132

POLK

2,603

3,894

158

RUTHERFORD

2,856

4,515

103

SWAIN

1,772

1,775

TRANSYLVANIA

4,828

6,380

235

YANCEY

3,817

4,404

lolal

86,664

JJ2,335

3,26J

1026

ELECTIONS AND VOTING RECORDS CHAPTER THIRTEEN

2002 General Election for U.S. House
12^^ Congressional District

county

Mel
Watt (D)

Jeff
Kish (R)

Carey
Head (L)

CABARRUS

648

1,212

DAVIDSON

8,989

11,677

524

FORSYTH

20,911

8,472

489

GUILFORD

22,892

10,001

523

MECKLENBURG

36,936

11,222

820

ROWAN

8,445

7,004

423

total 98,821 49,588 2,830

2002 General Election for U.S. House
13^^ Congressional District

county

Brad
Miller (D)

Carolyn W.
Grant (R)

Alex
MacDonald (L)

ALAMANCE

4,885

2,507

175

CASWELL

4,113

2,320

145

GRANVILLE

4,236

3,759

179

GUILFORD

18,375

9,865

910

PERSON

5,054

4,589

286

ROCKINGHAM

12,005

9,965

920

WAKE

51,619

44,683

2,680

total 100,287 77,688 5,295

1027

CAROLINA

North Carolina Population Data

North Carolina's population according to the 1790 Census, the first one ever
conducted in the state, totaled 393,751. In the two centuries since then, North
CaroHna's population has increased steadily. The states population topped 1 million
between 1860 and 1870 and had doubled to 2 miUion between 1900 and 1910.
Subsequent censuses recorded more than 3 milUon residents in 1930, 4 million in
1950 and 5 million m 1970.

The 1990 Census counted 6,632,448 residents of North Carolina, a 12.8 percent
increase over the 1980 Census total. The state gained roughly 752,000 new residents
between 1980 and 1990. It had gained 796,000 between 1970 and 1980. Slightly
over half of the states population increase in the 1980s came from net migration as
more people moved into the state than moved out of it. The slower population growth
rate during the 1980s was due to smaller net migration (a 5.32 percent decrease
compared to net migration recorded between 1970 and 1980) and a rise in death
rates due to the overall aging of the post-World War 11 "baby boom" population,
despite a rise in average life expectancy. Natural births, however, increased throughout
the 1980s.

North Carolina had 50 incorporated municipalities with populations of 10,000
or greater according to the 1990 Census. One of these municipalities — Kannapolis
in Rowan and Cabarrus counties — had been incorporated since the 1980 Census.
Six other state municipahties broke the 10,000 population barrier between 1980 and
1990 — Carrboro m Orange County, Graham in Alamance County, Kernersville in
Forsyth and Guilford counties, Matthews and Mint Hill in Mecklenburg County and
Tarboro in Edgecombe County. Charlotte was the states largest city in 1990, recording
395,934 residents. Raleigh was the states second-largest city in 1990 with 212,092
residents, while Greensboro was the third-largest with 183,894 residents.

Much of the population gains in the states largest municipahties during the 1980s
came through annexation. Eight incorporated municipalities annexed more than 10
square miles each between 1980 and 1990. Charlotte annexed 35.8 square miles
containing 45,000 residents (1990 Census figures), followed by Raleigh with 34.2
square miles containing 49,000 residents, Durham with 26.9 square miles containing
21,000 residents and Gary with 21.1 square miles containing 16,000 residents. Dare
County recorded the largest percentage gain of population in the state in the 1990
Census, growing 70 percent between 1980 and 1990. Brunswick County tallied the
second-highest percentage growth in the 1990 Census, its population rising 42.5
percent between 1980 and 1990. Wake County had the third-highest percentage
population growth in the 1990 Census, 40.5 percent between 1980 and 1990.

POPULATION DATA

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Nineteen o( North Carolina's 100 counties lost population between 1980 and
1Q90. This trend was up significantly from the period 1970-80, when only three
ci-uinties recorded net population losses. Anson County showed the steepest percentage
J^.^•l,^c — 8.5 percent fewer residents in 1990 than 1980 (roughly 2,100 fewer people).
Sampson County had the largest drop m absolute population, losing 2,390 residents
between 1980 and 1990.

North Carolina's population growth has continued into the new century. An interim
population estimate conducted b\- the federal government and the State Demographics
L'nii oi the N.C. Office o( State Planning placed North Carolina's total population at
7,650,699 as of July 1999. The estimate placed North Carolina's net gam m population
since the 1990 Census at 1,018,251 — an increase of 15.4 percent. The count
estimated 968,736 live births between 1990-99 and 586,190 deaths during the same
period. North Carolina also continued to attract new residents from outside the state.
The 1999 estimate placed net migration statewide at 635,705 new residents since the
1990 Census - an increase of 9.6 percent in ten years.

Nkich oi that growth occurred m urban areas. While Mecklenburg County
remained the state's most populated county (642,245 in 1999 — an increase of 25.6
percent over 1990 Census figures) m the 1999 estimate, 'Wake County's population
had jumped 38.9 percent, the highest growth rate recorded by any county m the
state. By 1999, Wake County's population had reached 592,218 and the county
remained the second most populous in North Carolina. Guilford County remained
the third most populous county with 393,423 residents m 1999 — a 13.2 percent
increase since 1990. The State Demographics Unit of the N.C. Office of State Planning
pro\-ided the following analysis of growth m the state's urban areas between 1990
and 1999:

Certified estimates of the population of North Carolina Counties for July 1, 1999
were released in August of 2000 by the State Demographer. According to these
estimates, the metropolitan areas m North Carolina as a whole grew faster from 1990
to 1999 than did the non-metropolitan areas. As a whole, the rate of net migration
into the metropolitan areas was more positive than that into the non-metropolitan
areas. However, there were vast differences between indi\adual areas.

The Wilmington area, the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area and the North
Carolina portion of the Norfolk-Newport News-Virginia Beach area showed the largest
rates of growth, each a little less than twice the state growth rate. The North Carolina
portion of the Charlotte-Gastoma-Rock Hill area grew roughly 40 percent faster than
the state. The Greenville area grew about 16 percent faster than the state. The
Greensboro-Winston Salem-High Point area grew slightly slower than the state as a
whole. The Asheville, Fayetteville, Goldsboro, Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir, and Rocky
Mount areas all grew somewhat slower than the state as a whole. The Jacksonville
metropolitan area lost population during this time period.

1030

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

Within some of the multicounty metropolitan areas, there were vast differences
in growth. Within the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill area, both Johnston and Wake
counties grew more than three times as fast as Durham County and both had over six
times the rate of net migration that Durham County had. Within the Charlotte-
Gastonia-Rock Hill area, Union County grew more than nine times as fast as Gaston
County, which had net out-migration. Within the Rocky Mount area, Nash County
grew a little faster than the state; Edgecombe County lost population.

Both the Fayetteville and the Jacksonville metropolitan areas have the same
unusual population growth pattern, extremely large numbers of births combined
with net out-migration. Each of these areas contains a large military base. Thus, one
may assume that as population is rotated through the bases, more than one family
may live in the same housing unit during the growth period. If a family enters the
county, experiences a birth, and leaves the county, the effect is one birth and one net
out-migrant. Thus, the net migration for these areas becomes meaningless by itself.

For more information on North Carolinas population and other demographic
information, visit the State Demographic Unit's Web site at www.ospl.state.nc.us/
demog.

The Ofhce of State Planning provides a wide variety of statistical data on North
Carolina to the public. For more information, visit the offices Web site at
www.ospl.state.nc.us.

The following tables of population data were compiled by the State Demographics
Unit of the Office of State Planning.

1031

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Certified County Population Estimates

county

July 2001
estimate

April 2000
census

growth

percent
growth

2000-2001
births

ALAMANCE

13 3,596

130,800

2,796

2.1

2,376

ALEXANDER

33,962

33,603

359

1.1

558

ALLEGHANY

10,7 36

10,677

0.6

146

ANSON

25,324

25,275

0.2

426

ASHE

24,806

24,384

422

1.7

330

AVERY

17,706

17,167

539

3.1

228

BEAUFORT

45,332

44,958

374

0.8

805

BERTIE

19,855

19,763

0.5

327

BLADEN

32,417

32,278

139

0.4

604

BRUNSWICK

76,904

73,143

3,761

5.1

1,093

BUNCOMBE

208,592

206,330

2,262

1.1

3,193

BURKE

89,025

89,145

-120

-0.1

1,405

CABARRUS

136,312

131,063

5,249

4.0

2,700

CALDWELL

77,622

77,415

207

0.3

1,271

CAMDEN

7,024

6,885

139

2.0

CARTERET

59,601

59,383

218

0.4

766

CASWELL

23,713

23,501

212

0.9

319

CATAWBA

145,113

141,686

3,427

2.4

2,630

CHATHAM

50,954

49,329

1,625

3.3

823

CHEROKEE

24,702

24,298

404

1.7

333

CHOWAN

14,538

14,526

0.1

242

CLAY

9,018

8,775

243

2.8

CLEVELAND

96,808

96,287

521

0.5

1,648

COLUMBUS

54,828

54,749

0.1

1,009

1032

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

2000-2001

natural net

migration net

migration

deaths

growth

estimate

percent

county

1,650

726

2,070

1.6

ALAMANCE

372

186

173

0.5

ALEXANDER

166

-20

0.7

ALLEGHANY

359

-18

-0.1

ANSON

353

-23

445

1.8

ASHE

221

532

3.1

AVERY

700

105

269

0.6

BEAUFORT

354

-27

119

0.6

BERTIE

483

121

0.1

BLADEN

904

189

3,572

4.9

BRUNSWICK

2,785

408

1,854

0.9

BUNCOMBE

1,047

358

-478

-0.5

BURKE

1,385

1,315

3,934

3.0

CABARRUS

952

319

-112

-0.1

CALDWELL

123

1.8

CAMDEN

830

-64

282

0.5

CARTERET

290

183

0.8

CASWELL

1,634

996

2,431

1.7

CATAWBA

614

209

1,416

2.9

CHATHAM

381

-48

452

1.9

CHEROKEE

231

0.0

CHOWAN

146

-53

296

3.4

CLAY

1,276

372

149

0.2

CLEVELAND

802

207

-128

-0.2

COLUMBUS

1033

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Certified County Population Estimates

July 2001

April 2000

percent

2000-2001

county

estimate

census

growth

births

CRAVEN

^)1 ,^)70

91,436

534

0.6

2,026

CUMBERLAND

301,098

302,963

-1,865

-0.6

6,906

CURRITUCK

18,8 3Q

18,190

649

3.6

282

DARE

31,209

29,967

1,242

4.1

440

DAVIDSON

149,104

147,246

1,858

1.3

2,443

DAVIE

36,232

34,835

1,397

4.0

588

DUPLIN

49,597

49,063

534

1.1

1,018

DURHAM

228,086

223,314

4,772

2.1

4,472

EDGECOMBE

54,698

55,606

-908

-1.6

1046

FORSYTH

310,331

306,067

4,264

1.4

5,763

FRANKLIN

48,818

47,260

1,558

3.3

826

GASTON

191,110

190,365

745

0.4

3,331

GATES

10,560

10,516

0.4

138

GRAHAM

8,033

7,993

0.5

124

GRANVILLE

49,670

48,498

1,172

2.4

762

GREENE

19,000

18,974

0.1

313

GUILFORD

424,032

421,048

2,984

0.7

7,530

HALIFAX

57,134

57,370

-236

-0.4

980

HARNETT

93,684

91,025

2,659

2.9

1,827

HAYWOOD

54,595

54,033

562

1.0

693

HENDERSON

91,544

89,173

2,371

2.7

1,331

HERTFORD

22,156

22,601

-445

-2.0

347

HOKE

34,844

33,646

1,198

3.6

836

HYDE

5,742

5,826

-84

-1.4

IREDELL

127,896

122,660

5,236

4.3

2,325

JACKSON

33,657

33,121

536

1.6

459

JOHNSTON

127,791

121,965

5,826

4.8

2,603

JONES

10,303

10,381

-78

-0.8

114

1034

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

2000-2001

natural

net migration net

migration

deaths

growth

estimate

percent

county

1,035

991

-457

-0.5

CRAVEN

2,498

4,408

-6,273

-2.1

CUMBERLAND

204

571

3.1

CURRITUCK

318

122

1,120

3.7

DARE

1,706

737

1,121

0.8

DAVIDSON

429

159

1,238

3.6

DAVIE

632

386

148

0.3

DUPLIN

2,098

2,664

2,128

1.0

DURHAM

786

260

-1,168

-2.1

EDGECOMBE

3,427

2,336

1,928

0.6

FORSYTH

560

266

1,292

2.7

FRANKLIN

2,507

824

-79

-0.0

GASTON

164

-26

0.7

GATES

140

-16

0.7

GRAHAM

555

207

965

2.0

GRANVILLE

205

108

-82

-0.4

GREENE

4,351

3,179

-195

0.0

GUILFORD

830

150

-386

-0.7

HALIFAX

926

901

1,758

1.9

HARNETT

792

-99

661

1.2

HAYWOOD

1,370

-39

2,410

2.7

HENDERSON

377

-30

-415

-1.8

HERTFORD

298

538

660

2.0

HOKE

-16

-68

-1.2

HYDE

1,394

931

4,305

3.5

IREDELL

374

451

1.4

JACKSON

1,196

1,407

4,419

3.6

JOHNSTON

157

-43

-35

-0.3

JONES

1035

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Certified County Population Estimates

county

July 2001
estimate

April 2000
census

growth

percent
growth

2000-2001
births

LEE

4Q,426

49,208

218

0.4

1,050

LENOIR

59,292

59,636

-344

-0.6

1,048

LINCOLN

65,402

63,780

1,622

2.5

1,138

MCDOWELL

42,834

42,151

683

1.6

675

MACON

30.428

29,811

617

2.1

387

MADISON

19,780

19635

145

0.7

278

MARTIN

25,339

25.593

-254

-1.0

412

MECKLENBURG

713,780

695,454

18,326

2.6

15,110

MITCHELL

15,874

15,687

187

1.2

202

MONTGOMERY

26,965

26,822

143

0.5

520

MOORE

76,358

74,769

1,589

2.1

1,126

NASH

88,346

87,420

926

1.1

1,601

NEW HANOVER

163,828

160,327

3,501

2.2

2,533

NORTHAMPTON

22,008

22,086

-78

-0.4

323

ONSLOW

148,454

150,355

-1,901

-1.3

4,056

ORANGE

120,952

118,227

2,725

2.3

1,594

PAMLICO

12,848

12,934

-86

-0.7

130

PASQUOTANK

35,028

34,897

131

0.4

573

PENDER

42,051

41,082

969

2.4

617

PERQUIMANS

11,522

11,368

154

1.4

150

PERSON

36,131

35,623

508

1.4

566

PITT

134,936

133,798

1,138

0.9

2,515

POLK

18,828

18,324

504

2.8

233

RANDOLPH

132,139

130,454

1,685

1.3

2,393

1036

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

2000-2001

natural net

migration net

migration

deaths

growth

estimate

percent

county

624

426

-208

-0.4

LEE

896

152

-496

-0.8

LENOIR

710

428

1,194

1.9

LINCOLN

562

113

570

1.4

MCDOWELL

458

-71

688

2.3

MACON

272

139

0.7

MADISON

400

-266

-1.0

MARTIN

5.691

9,419

8,907

1.3

MECKLENBURG

266

-64

251

1.6

MITCHELL

329

191

-48

-0.2

MONTGOMERY

1,074

1,537

2.1

MOORE

1,088

513

413

0.5

NASH

1,732

801

2,700

1.7

NEW HANOVER

356

-33

-45

-0.2

NORTHAMPTON

956

3,100

-5,001

-3.3

ONSLOW

866

728

1,997

1.7

ORANGE

713

-43

-0.2

PAMLICO

465

108

0.1

PASQUOTANK

466

151

818

2.0

PENDER

188

-38

192

1.7

PERQUIMANS

486

428

1.2

PERSON

1,305

1,210

-72

-0.1

PITT

346

-113

617

3.4

POLK

1,414

979

706

0.5

RANDOLPH

1037

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Certified County Population Estimates

July 2001

April 2000

percent

2000-2001

county

estimate

census

growth

births

RICHMOND

46,569

44,511

0.0

870

ROBESON

124,122

123,339

783

0.6

2,669

ROCKINGHAM

9 1,806

91,928

-122

-0.1

1,482

ROWAN

1 31,731

130,340

1,391

1.1

2,114

RUTHERFORD

63.394

62,899

495

0.8

1,070

SAMPSON

60,928

60,161

767

1.3

1,162

SCOTLAND

35,731

35,998

-267

-0.7

632

STANLY

58,792

58,100

692

1.2

942

STOKES

45,262

44,711

551

1.2

646

SURRY

71,394

71,219

175

0.2

1,205

SWAIN

13,200

12,968

232

1.8

227

TRANSYLVANIA

29,349

29,334

0.1

350

TYRRELL

4,149

0.0

UNION

132,086

627,846

8,409

6.8

2,931

VANCE

43,706

42,954

752

1.8

933

WAKE

658,490

627,846

30,644

4.9

13,027

WARREN

19,982

19,972

0.1

252

WASHINGTON

13,598

13,723

-125

-0.9

234

WATAUGA

42,690

42,695

-5

-0.01

441

WAYNE

113,170

113,329

-159

-0.1

2,191

WILKES

66,104

65,632

472

0.7

1,127

WILSON

74,386

73,814

572

0.8

1,364

YADKIN

36,587

36,348

239

0.7

632

YANCEY

18,012

17,774

238

1.3

262

total

8,188,008

8,049,477

138,531

1.72

149,238

1038

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

2000-2001

natural

net migration net

migration

deaths

growth

estimate

percent

county

653

217

-212

-0.5

RICHMOND

1,492

1,177

-394

-0.3

ROBESON

1,287

195

-317

-0.3

ROCKINGHAM

1,685

429

962

0.7

ROWAN

938

132

363

0.6

RUTHERFORD

792

370

397

0.7

SAMPSON

481

151

-418

-1.2

SCOTLAND

734

208

484

0.8

STANLY

514

132

419

0.9

STOKES

955

250

-75

-0.1

SURRY

203

208

1.6

SWAIN

416

-66

0.3

TRANSYLVANIA

-2

0.0

TYRRELL

1,036

1,795

6,614

5.3

UNION

583

350

402

0.9

VANCE

4,107

8,920

21,724

3.5

WAKE

280

-28

0.2

WARREN

240

-6

-119

-0.9

WASHINGTON

342

-104

-0.2

WATAUGA

1,337

854

-1,013

-0.9

WAYNE

835

292

180

0.9

WILKES

925

439

133

0.2

WILSON

471

161

0.2

YADKIN

250

226

1.3

YANCEY

89,168 60,070 78,461 1.0 total

1039

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002-2009 Projected Annual County Population

county

July 2002

July 2003

July 2004

July 2005

ALAMANCE

136,034

138,471

140,907

143,343

ALEXANDER

34,626

35,292

35,958

36,624

ALLEGHANY

10,866

10,978

11,090

11,203

ANSON

25,496

25,671

25,844

26,018

ASHE

24,970

25.142

25,313

25,484

AVERY

17,844

17,980

18,117

18,254

BEAUFORT

45,566

45,792

46,018

46,244

BERTIE

19,753

19,649

19,545

19,441

BLADEN

32,819

33,222

33,625

34,028

BRUNSWICK

78,822

80,751

82,680

54,610

BUNCOMBE

212,044

215,496

218,947

222,398

BURKE

90,485

91,943

93,401

64,858

CABARRUS

139,811

143,306

146,800

150,296

CALDWELL

78,237

78,856

79,476

80,094

CAMDEN

7,170

7,265

7,360

7,455

CARTERET

60,157

60,712

61,269

61,825

CASWELL

24,014

24,310

24,606

24,902

CATAWBA

147,428

149,750

152,072

154,395

CHATHAM

51,964

52,976

53,988

54,999

CHEROKEE

25,082

25,460

25,838

26,216

CHOWAN

14,602

14,710

14,820

14,929

CLAY

9,139

9,255

9,372

9,489

CLEVELAND

97,921

99,032

100,143

101,254

COLUMBUS

55,401

55,961

56,521

57,082

CRAVEN

92,602

93,236

93,870

94,504

CUMBERLAND

304,855

308,620

312,387

316,153

CURRITUCK

19,293

19,726

20,158

20,591

DARE

31,812

32,440

33,069

33,697

1040

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

July 2006 July 2007 July 2008 July 2009 county

145,778 148,215 150,651 153,087 ALAMANCE

37,289 37,956 38,621 39,286 ALEXANDER

11.315 11,427 11,539 11,651 ALLEGHANY
26,191 26,365 26,539 26,712 ANSON

25,655 25,826 25,997 26,168 ASHE

18,391 18,529 18,666 18,803 AVERY

46,469 46,695 46,920 47,147 BEAUFORT

19,337 19,232 19,128 19,024 BERTIE

34,431 34,834 35,237 35,640 BLADEN

86,540 88,469 90,399 92,329 BRUNSWICK

225,850 229,301 232,753 236,205 BUNCOMBE

96.316 97,773 99,230 100,688 BURKE

153,791 157,286 160,781 164,275 CABARRUS

80,714 81,333 81,951 82,571 CALDWELL

7,549 7,644 7,739 7,833 CAMDEN

62,381 62,937 63,493 64,050 CARTERET

25,197 25,493 25,789 26,085 CASWELL

156,716 159,038 161,361 163,683 CATAWBA

56,012 57,024 58,035 59,047 CHATHAM

26,594 26,972 27,351 27,729 CHEROKEE

15,038 15,147 15,256 15,366 CHOWAN

9,606 9,722 9,838 9,955 CLAY

102,364 103,475 104,586 105,697 CLEVELAND

57,643 58,204 58,764 59,324 COLUMBUS

95,137 95,771 96,404 97,038 CRAVEN

319,918 323,684 327,450 331,216 CUMBERLAND

21,022 21,455 21,887 22,319 CURRITUCK

34,325 34,953 35,582 36,210 DARE

1041

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002-2009 Projected Annual County Population

county

DAVIDSON
DAVIE
DUPLIN
DURHAM

EDGECOMBE
FORSYTH
FRANKLIN
GASTON

GATES
GRAHAM
GRANVILLE
GREENE

GUILFORD
HALIFAX
HARNETT
HAYWOOD

HENDERSON
HERTFORD
HOKE
HYDE

IREDELL
JACKSON
JOHNSTON
JONES

LEE

LENOIR
LINCOLN
MCDOWELL

July 2002

151,125

231

54
314

49
192

432
57
96
55

130
34

132
10

50
59
66
43

883
703
434

630
540
946
603

609
108
638

443

412
227
293
240

430
235
140
784

869
196
293
384

195
526
790
500

July 2003 July 2004 July 2005

153,152 155,178 157,205

37,535 38,186 38,837

51,812 52,920 54,029

234,780 238,126 241,472

54,547 54,464 54,381

318,751 322,960 327,170

51,079 52,212 53,345

194,094 195,585 197,075

10,726

8,181

51,605

19,878

10,843

8,255

52,572

20,314

95,314

22,289

37,438

5,830

133,838
34,729

136,802
10,465

51,137
59,735
68,185
44,166

97,197
22,342
38,735

5,877

136,808
35,263

141,312
10,546

52,078
59,943
69,578
44,833

10,960

8,329

53,539

20,749

440,793 449,174 457,555

57,335 57,444 57,554

98,908 101,523 104,138

55,886 56,532 57,178

99,081

22,395

40,031

5,922

139,777
35,796

145,821
10,627

53,020
60,151
70,972
45,499

1042

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

July 2006

July 2007

July 2008

July 2009

county

159,232

161,259

163,286

165,313

DAVIDSON

39,489

40,141

40,792

41,444

DAVIE

55,137

56,246

57,354

58,463

DUPLIN

244,818

248,165

251,511

254,857

DURHAM

54,298

54,215

54,132

54,049

EDGECOMBE

331,379

335,589

339,798

344,008

FORSYTH

54,477

55,610

56,743

57,876

FRANKLIN

198,565

200,056

201,547

203,038

GASTON

11,077

11,194

11,311

11,428

GATES

8,403

8,476

8,550

8,624

GRAHAM

54,506

55,473

56,440

57,407

GRANVILLE

21,184

21,620

22,055

22,491

GREENE

465,936

474,317

482,698

491,079

GUILFORD

57,663

57,772

57,881

57,990

HALIFAX

106,753

109,368

111,983

114,598

HARNETT

57,825

58,470

59,117

59,762

HAYWOOD

100,964

102,849

104,732

106,616

HENDERSON

22,449

22,502

22,556

22,609

HERTFORD

41,329

42,626

43,923

45,220

HOKE

5,968

6,014

6,061

6,107

HYDE

142,747

145,716

148,687

151,656

IREDELL

36,330

36,864

37,398

37,932

JACKSON

150,330

154,839

159,349

163,858

JOHNSTON

10,707

10,788

10,869

10,950

JONES

53,962

54,903

55,844

56,786

LEE

60,360

60,569

60,777

60,985

LENOIR

72,365

73,759

75,153

76,547

LINCOLN

46,166

46,832

47,498

48,164

MCDOWELL

1043

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002-2009 Projected Annual County Population

coLintv

July 2002

July 2003

July 2004

July 2005

MACON

3 1,042

31,670

32,298

32,926

MADISON

20,047

20,316

20,585

20,853

MARTIN

25,397

25,450

25,503

25,556

MECKLENBURG

734,390

755,021

775,653

796,285

MITCHELL

15,950

16,028

16,107

16,185

MONTGOMERY

27,348

27,735

28,122

28,509

MOORE

77,862

79,368

80,874

82,379

NASH

89,396

90,443

91,489

92,535

NEW HANOVER 167,542
NORTHAMPTON 22,112
ONSLOW 149,546

ORANGE 123,162

171,279 175,017 178,754

22,207 22,303 22,398

150,633 151,718 152,804

125,372 127,581 129,791

PAMLICO

12,996

13,144

13,292

13,440

PASQUOTANK

35,354

35,678

36,001

36,325

PENDER

43.300

44,548

45,797

47,046

PERQUIMANS

11,612

11,678

11,744

11,811

PERSON

36,661

37,192

37,723

38,254

PITT

137,260

139,521

141,782

144,044

POLK

19,186

19,541

19,896

20,252

RANDOLPH

134,813

137,495

140,177

142,860

RICHMOND

46,712

46,854

46,998

47,140

ROBESON

126,052

127,972

129,892

131,812

ROCKINGHAM

92,392

92,983

93,574

94,164

ROWAN

133,922

136,122

138,321

140,521

RUTHERFORD

63,955

64,513

65,070

65,628

SAMPSON

62,456

63,983

65,510

67,037

SCOTLAND

35,991

36,248

36,507

36,765

STANLY

59,418

60,045

60,673

61,300

1044

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA

CHAPTER FOURTEEN

July 2006

July 2007

July 2008

July 2009

county

33,554

34,182

34,810

35,438

MACON

21,122

21,390

21,659

21,927

MADISON

25,609

25,662

25,715

25,762

MARTIN

816,917

837,550

858,181

787,814

MECKLENBURG

16,264

16,342

16,420

16,498

MITCHELL

28,896

29,283

29,670

30,057

MONTGOMERY

83,886

85,391

86,898

88,404

MOORE

93,582

94,628

95,674

96,720

NASH

182,492

186,230

189,967

193,705

NEW HANOVER

22,494

22,589

22,684

22,779

NORTHAMPTON

153,890

154,977

156,062

157,148

ONSLOW

132,000

134,211

136,420

138,629

ORANGE

13,588

13,736

13,884

14,032

PAMLICO

36,649

36,973

37,297

37,621

PASQUOTANK

48,294

49,543

50,791

52,039

PENDER

11,878

11,944

12,011

12,077

PERQUIMANS

38,785

39,316

39,847

40,379

PERSON

146,306

148,568

150,829

153,091

PITT

20,067

20,962

21,317

21,673

POLK

145,542

148,224

150,906

153,588

RANDOLPH

47,282

47,424

47,567

47,709

RICHMOND

133,732

135,652

137,572

139,492

ROBESON

94,755

95,345

95,936

96,526

ROCKINGHAM

142,719

144,919

147,119

149,318

ROWAN

66,185

66,744

67,301

67,858

RUTHERFORD

68,564

70,091

71,618

73,145

SAMPSON

37,023

37,281

37,540

37,797

SCOTLAND

61,928

62,555

63,182

63,810

STANLY

1045

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2002-2009 Projected Annual County Population

county

July 2002

July 2003 July 2004

July 2005

STOKES

46,027

46,771

47,516

48,261

SURRY

72.415

73,436

74,458

75,479

SWAIN

13,364

13,529

13,693

13,858

TRANSYLVANIA

29,699

30,049

30,401

30,752

TYRRELL

4,184

4,219

4,255

4,291

UNION

136,056

140,028

143,999

147,972

VANCE

44,097

44,489

44,882

45,275

WAKE

680,571

702,662

724,752

746,842

WARREN

20,256

20,537

20,817

21,098

WASHINGTON

13,566

13,529

13,493

13,457

WATAUGA

43,160

43,632

44,103

44,574

WAYNE

114,170

115,168

116,165

117,163

WILKES

66,716

67,331

67,947

68,563

WILSON

75,192

75,998

76,802

77,607

YADKIN

37,278

37,971

38,664

39,356

YANCEY

18,215

18,422

18,629

18,836

total

8,336,829

8,485,80

8,634,77

8,783,752

1046

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

July 2006

July 2007

July 2008

July 2009

county

49,006

49,750

50,495

51,240

STOKES

76,500

77,521

78,542

79,563

SURRY

14,022

14,187

14,352

14,516

SWAIN

31,103

31,454

31,804

32,156

TRANSYLVANIA

4,326

4,362

4,398

4,433

TYRRELL

151,943

155,915

159,887

163,859

UNION

45,667

46,060

46,453

46,845

VANCE

768,933

791,023

813,113

835,203

WAKE

21,378

21,659

21,940

22,221

WARREN

13,421

13,385

13,348

13,312

WASHINGTON

45,044

45,515

45,986

46,457

WATAUGA

118,160

119,158

120,155

121,152

WAYNE

69,179

69,795

70,410

71,026

WILKES

78,412

79,217

80,022

80,827

WILSON

40,049

40,741

41,434

42,126

YADKIN

19,043

19,250

19,457

19,664

YANCEY

8,932,717 9,081,696 9,230,665 9,379,637 total

1047

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

ABERDEEN

3,400

3,578

178

5.2

AHOSKIE

4,523

4,477

-46

-1.0

ALAMANCE

310

315

1.6

ALBEMARLE

15,680

15,758

0.5

ALLIANCE

785

806

2.7

ANDREWS

1,602

1,819

217

13.5

ANGIER

3,419

3,530

111

3.2

ANSONVILLE

636

0.0

APEX

20,212

21,947

1,735

8.6

ARAPAHOE

436

434

-2

-0.5

ARCHDALE

9,014

9,133

119

1.3

ASHEBORO

21,672

21,969

297

1.4

ASHEVILLE

68,889

69,726

837

1.2

ASKEWVILLE

180

0.0

ATKINSON

236

237

0.4

ATLANTIC BEACH

1,781

1,777

-4

-0.2

AULANDER

888

880

-8

-0.9

AURORA

583

581

-2

-0.3

AUTRYVILLE

196

198

1.0

AYDEN

4,622

0.0

BADIN

1,154

1,148

-6

-0.5

BAILEY

670

679

1.3

BAKERSVILLE

357

361

1.1

BALD HEAD ISLAND

173

184

6.4

BANNER ELK

828

857

3.5

BATH

275

281

2.2

BAYBORO

741

739

-2

-0.3

1048

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

BEAR GRASS

-1

-1.9

BEAUFORT

3,771

3,772

0.0

BEECH MOUNTAIN

310

312

0.6

BELHAVEN

1,968

1,961

-7

-0.4

BELMONT

8,705

8,752

0.5

BELVILLE

285

303

6.3

BELWOOD

962

979

1.8

BENSON

2,923

3,009

2.9

BERMUDA RUN

1,431

1,464

2.3

BESSEMER CITY

5,119

5,131

0.2

BETHANIA

354

357

0.8

BETHEL

1,681

1,678

-3

-0.2

BEULAVILLE

1,067

0.0

BILTMORE FOREST

1,440

1,449

0.6

BISCOE

1,700

1,737

2.2

BLACK CREEK

714

719

0.7

BLACK MOUNTAIN

7,511

7,556

0.6

BLADENBORO

1,718

1,712

-6

-0.3

BLOWING ROCK

1,418

1,416

-2

-0.1

BOARDMAN

202

201

-1

-0.5

BOGUE

590

601

1.9

BOILING SPRING LAKES

2,972

3,131

159

5.3

BOILING SPRINGS

3,866

3,895

0.8

BOLIVIA

148

150

1.4

BOLTON

494

493

-1

-0.2

BOONE

13,472

0.0

BOONVILLE

1,138

1,142

0.4

BOSTIC

328

327

-1

-0.3

1049

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

BREVARD
BRIDGETON
BROADWAY
BROOKFORD

BRUNSWICK
BRYSON CITY
BUNN
BURGAW

BURLINGTON
BURNSVILLE
CAJA'S MOUNTAIN
CALABASH

CALYPSO
CAMERON
CANDOR
CANTON

CAPE CARTERET
CAROLINA BEACH
CAROLINA SHORES
CARRBORO

CARTHAGE
CARY
CASAR
CASTALIA

CASWELL BEACH
CATAWBA
CEDAR POINT
CEDAR ROCK

1050

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

6,789

6,758

-31

-0.5

328

320

-8

-2.4

1,015

1,020

0.5

434

439

1.2

360

1,060

700

194.4

1,411

1,435

1.7

357

465

2.2

3.337

3,375

1.1

44,917

45,728

811

1.8

1,623

1,641

1. 1

2,683

2,692

0.3

711

733

3.1

410

407

-3

-0.7

151

296

145

96.0

825

834

1.1

4,029

4,049

0.5

1,214

1,217

0.2

4,778

5,225

447

9.4

1,482

1,552

4.7

16,782

17,240

458

2.7

1,871

2,114

243

13.0

94,536

100,219

5,863

6.0

308

0.0

340

346

1.8

370

392

5.9

698

711

1.9

929

943

1.5

315

316

0.3

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

CENTERVILLE

101

2.0

CERRO GORDO

244

0.0

CHADBOURN

2,129

2,131

0.1

CHAPEL HILL

48,715

52,440

3,725

7.6

CHARLOTTE

540,828

570,257

29,429

5.4

CHERRYVILLE

5,361

5,442

1.5

CHIMNEY ROCK

175

176

2.3

CHINA GROVE

3,616

3,850

234

6.5

CHOCOWINITY

733

729

-4

-0.5

CLAREMONT

1,060

1,077

1.6

CLARKTON

705

0.0

CLAYTON

6,9736

7,649

676

9.7

CLEMMONS

13,827

16,294

2,467

17.8

CLEVELAND

808

813

0.6

CLINTON

8,600

9,627

0.3

CLYDE

1,324

1,336

0.9

COATS

1,845

1,892

2.5

COFIELD

347

339

-8

-2.3

COLERAIN

221

222

1 .

0.5

COLUMBIA

819

810

-9

-1.1

COLUMBUS

992

1,017

2.5

COMO

-2

-2.6

CONCORD

55,977

58,710

2,733

4.9

CONETOE

365

363

-2

-0.5

CONNELLY SPRINGS

1,814

1,821

0.4

CONOVER

6,667

6,788

121

1.8

CONWAY

734

731

-3

-0.4

COOLEEMEE

905

926

2.3

1051

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

CORNELIUS

11,969

14,175

2,206

18.4

COVE CITY

433

426

-7

-1.6

CRAMERTON

2,976

3,015

1.3

CREEDMOOR

2,232

2,293

2.7

CRESWELL

278

273

-5

-1.8

CROSSNORE

242

274

13.2

DALLAS

3,402

3,415

0.4

DANBURY

108

0.0

DAVIDSON

7,139

7,331

192

2.7

DENTON

1,450

1,464

1.0

DILLSBORO

205

211

2.9

DOBBINS HEIGHTS

936

927

-9

-1.0

DOBSON

1,457

1,465

0.5

DORTCHES

809

811

0.2

DOVER

443

0.0

DREXEL

1,938

1,940

0.1

DUBLIN

250

251

0.4

DUCK

448

459

2.5

DUNN

9,196

9,436

240

2.6

DURHAM

187,035

191,041

4,006

2.1

EARL

234

235

0.4

EAST ARCADIA

524

526

0.4

EAST BEND

659

661

0.3

EAST LAURINBURG

295

293

-2

-0.7

EAST SPENCER

1,755

1,742

-13

-0.7

EDEN

15,908

15,898

-10

-0.1

EDENTON

5,394

0.0

ELIZABETH CITY

17,188

17,149

-39

-0.2

1052

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

% growth

growth

ELIZABETHTOWN

3,698

3,699

0.0

ELKIN

4,109

4,121

0.3

ELK PARK

459

460

0.2

ELLENBORO

479

0.0

ELLERBE

1,021

1,016

-5

-0.5

ELM CITY

1,165

1,147

-18

-1.5

ELON COLLEGE

6,738

6,969

231

3.4

EMERALD ISLE

3,488

3,538

1.4

ENFIELD

2,347

2,301

-46

-2.0

ERWIN

4,537

4,609

1.6

EUREKA

244

242

-2

-0.8

EVERETTS

179

0.0

FAIR BLUFF

1,181

1,225

3.7

FAIRMONT

2,604

2,600

-4

-0.2

FAIRVIEW

3,017

3,140

123

4.1

FAISON

744

748

0.5

FAITH

695

700

0.7

FALCON

328

320

-8

-2.4

FALKLAND

112

113

0.9

FALLSTON

603

608

0.8

FARMVILLE

4,302

4,300

-2

0.0

FAYETTEVILLE

121,015

124,247

3,232

2.7

FLAT ROCK

2,565

2,653

3.4

FLETCHER

4,185

4,336

151

3.6

FOREST CITY

7,549

7,525

-24

-0.3

FOREST HILLS

330

333

0.9

FOUNTAIN

533

537

0.8

FOUR OAKS

1,424

1,460

2.5

FOXFIRE VILLAGE

474

486

2.5

1053

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

FRANKLIN
FRANKLINTON
FRANKLINVILLE
FREMONT

FUQUAY-VARINA
GAMEWELL
GARLAND
GARNER

GARYSBURG
GASTON
GASTONIA
GATESVILLE

GIBSON
GIBSONVILLE
GLEN ALPINE
GODWIN

GOLDSBORO
GOLDSTON
GRAHAM
GRANDFATHER

GRANITE FALLS
GRANITE QUARRY
GRANTSBORO
GREENEVERS

GREENLEVEL
GREENSBORO
GREENVILLE
GRIFTON

1054

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

3,490

3,549

1.7

1,745

1,774

1.7

1,258

1,287

2.3

1,463

1,447

-16

-1.1

7,898

8,399

501

6.3

3,644

3,673

0.8

808

774

-34

-4.2

17,757

18,777

1,020

5.7

1,254

1,251

-3

-0.2

973

1,008

3.6

66,277

68,148

1,871

2.8

281

280

- 1

-0.4

584

581

-3

-0.5

4,372

4,427

1.3

1,090

1,096

0.6

112

113

0.9

39,043

38,516

-527

-1.3

319

326

2.2

12,833

13,098

265

2.1

4.1

4,611

4,679

1.5

2,175

2,211

1.7

754

764

1.3

560

563

0.5

2,042

2,092

2.4

223,891

225,311

1420

0.6

60,476

60,966

490

0.8

2,073

2,207

134

6.5

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

GRIMESLAND

440

441

0.2

GROVER

698

700

0.3

HALIFAX

344

0.0

HAMILTON

516

512

-4

-0.8

HAMLET

6,018

6,001

-17

-0.3

HARMONY

526

541

2.9

HARRELLS

187

188

0.5

HARRELLSVILLE

102

101

-1

-1.0

HARRISBURG

4,493

4,795

302

6.7

HASSELL

- 1

-1.4

HAVELOCK

22,442

22,846

404

1.8

HAW RIVER

1,908

1,926

0.9

HAYESVILLE

458

465

1.5

HEMBY BRIDGE

897

933

4.0

HENDERSON

16,095

16,255

160

1.0

HENDERSONVILLE

10,420

10,737

317

3.0

HERTFORD

2,070

2,078

0.4

HICKORY

37,222

37,975

753

2.0

HIGHLANDS

909

917

0.9

HIGH POINT

85,839

86,494

655

0.8

HIGH SHOALS

729

736

1.0

HILDEBRAN

1,472

1,762

290

19.7

HILLSBOROUGH

5,446

5,525

1.5

HOBGOOD

404

402

-2

-0.5

HOFFMAN

624

639

2.4

HOLDEN BEACH

787

819

4.1

HOLLY RIDGE

831

827

-4

-0.5

HOLLY SPRINGS

9,192

9,887

695

7.6

1055

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

HOOKERTON
HOPE MILLS
HOT SPRINGS
HUDSON

HUNTERSVILLE
INDIAN BEACH
INDIAN TRAIL
JACKSON

JACKSONVILLE
JAMESTOWN
JAMESVILLE
JEFFERSON

JONESVILLE
KANNAPOLIS
KELFORD
KENANSVILLE

KENLY

KERNERSVILLE
KILL DEVIL HILLS
KING

KINGS MOUNTAIN
KINGSTOWN
KINSTON
KITTRELL

KITTY HAWK
KNIGHTDALE
KURE BEACH
LA GRANGE

1056

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

467

0.0

11,237

11,662

425

3.8

645

652

1.1

3,078

3,111

1.1

24,960

26,912

1,952

7.8

-2

-2.1

11,905

13,747

1,842

15.5

695

696

0.1

66,715

66,176

-539

-0.8

3,088

3,107

0.6

502

493

-9

-1.8

1,422

1,441

1.3

2,259

2,257

- 2

-0.1

36,910

37,785

875

2.4

245

248

1.2

1,149

1,160

1.0

1,569

1,610

2.6

17,126

19,361

2,235

13.1

5,897

6,122

225

3.8

5,952

5,972

0.3

9,693

10,475

782

8.1

845

841

-4

-0.5

23,688

23,479

-209

-0.9

148

147

-1

-0.7

2,991

3,116

125

4.2

5,958

6,278

320

5.4

1,512

1,573

4.0

2,844

2,835

-9

-0.3

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

LAKE LURE

1,027

1,048

2.0

LAKE PARK

2,093

2,343

250

11.9

LAKE WACCAMAW

1,411

1,393

-18

-1.3

LANDIS

2,996

3,023

0.9

LANSING

151

152

0.7

LASKER

103

101

-2

-1.9

LATTIMORE

419

428

2.1

LAUREL PARK

2,017

2,059

2.1

LAURINBURG

15,874

15,980

106

0.7

LAWNDALE

642

643

0.2

LEGGETT

-2

-2.6

LELAND

1,938

4,150

2,212

114.1

LENOIR

16,793

16,843

0.3

LEWISTON WOODVILLE

613

609

-4

-0.7

LEWISVILLE

8,826

9,305

479

5.4

LEXINGTON

19,953

20,121

168

0.8

LIBERTY

2,661

2,702

1.5

LILESVILLE

459

0.0

LILLINGTON

2,915

2,955

1.4

LINCOLNTON

9,965

10,155

190

1.9

LINDEN

127

124

-3

-2.4

LITTLETON

692

691

-1

-0.1

LOCUST

2,416

2,446

1.2

LONG VIEW

4,722

4,817

2.0

LOUISBURG

3,111

3,073

-38

-1.2

LOVE VALLEY

0.0

LOWELL

2,662

2,661

-1

0.0

LUCAMA

847

846

-1

-0.1

1057

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

LUMBER BRIDGE

118

119

0.8

LUMBERTON

20,795

21,099

304

1.5

MACCLESFIELD

458

452

-6

-1.3

MACON

115

113

-2

-1.7

MADISON

2,262

2,252

-10

-0.4

MAGGIE VALLEY

607

614

1.2

MAGNOLIA

932

942

1.1

MAIDEN

3,177

3,231

1.7

MANTEO

1,052

1,048

-4

-0.4

MARIETTA

164

162

-2

-1.2

MARION

4,943

4,980

0.7

MARS HILL

1,764

1,767

0.2

MARSHALL

840

844

0.5

MARSHVILLE

2,360

2,454

4.0

MARVIN

1,039

1,118

7.6

MATTHEWS

22,127

23,144

1,017

4.6

MAXTON

2,551

2,544

-7

-0.3

MAYODAN

2,417

2,412

-5

-0.2

MAYSVILLE

1,002

999

-3

-0.3

MCADENVILLE

619

609

-10

-1.6

MCDONALD

119

121

1.7

MCFARLAN

0.0

MEBANE

7,284

7,382

1.3

MESIC

257

253

-4

-1.6

MICRO

454

469

3.3

MIDDLEBURG

162

166

2.5

MIDDLESEX

838

839

0.1

MIDLAND

2,567

2,627

2.3

MILTON

132

129

-3

-2.3

1058

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

MINERAL SPRINGS

1,370

1,434

4.7

MINNESOTT BEACH

311

310

- 1

-0.3

MINT HILL

14,922

15,821

899

6.0

MOCKSVILLE

4,178

4,287

109

2.6

MOMEYER

291

292

0.3

MONROE

26,228

27,756

1,528

5.8

MONTREAT

630

629

-1

-0.2

MOORESBORO

314

135

0.3

MOORESVILLE

18,823

19,614

791

4.2

MOREHEAD CITY

7,691

7,692

0.0

MORGANTON

17,310

17,317

0.0

MORRISVILLE

5,208

5,546

338

6.5

MORVEN

579

0.0

MOUNT AIRY

8,484

8,495

0.1

MOUNT GILEAD

1,389

1,393

0.3

MOUNT HOLLY

9,618

9,698

0.8

MOUNT OLIVE

4,567

4,619

1.1

MOUNT PLEASANT

1,259

1,298

3.1

MURFREESBORO

2,045

2,042

-3

-0.1

MURPHY

1,568

1,581

0.8

NAGS HEAD

2,700

2,801

101

3.7

NASHVILLE

4,309

4,362

1.2

NAVASSA

479

499

4.2

NEW BERN

23,128

23,195

0.3

NEW LONDON

326

612

286

87.7

NEWLAND

704

707

0.4

NEWPORT

3,349

3,372

0.7

NEWTON

12,659

12,978

319

2.5

1059

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

NEWTON GROVE

606

610

0.7

NORLINA

M07

1,106

-1

-0.1

NORMAN

-1

-1.4

NORTH TOPSAIL BEACH

843

833

-10

-1.2

NORTH WILKESBORO

4,116

4,135

0.5

NORTHWEST

671

695

3.6

NORWOOD

2,216

2,203

-13

-0.6

OAK CITY

339

334

-5

-1.5

OAK ISLAND

6,571

6,898

327

5.0

OAK RIDGE

3,988

4,075

2.2

OAKBORO

1,198

1,191

-7

-0.6

OCEAN ISLE BEACH

426

441

3.5

OLD FORT

963

970

0.7

ORIENTAL

875

872

-3

-0.3

ORRUM

-1

-1.3

OXFORD

8,338

8,483

145

1.7

PANTEGO

170

171

0.6

PARKTON

428

430

0.5

PARMELE

290

287

-3

-1.0

PATTERSON SPRINGS

620

618

- 2

-0.3

PEACHLAND

554

589

6.3

PELETIER

487

496

1.8

PEMBROKE

2,681

2,699

0.7

PIKEVILLE

719

714

- 5

-0.7

PILOT MOUNTAIN

1,281

1,283

0.2

PINE KNOLL SHORES

1,524

1,529

0.3

PINE LEVEL

1,313

1,360

3.6

PINEBLUFF

1,109

1,139

2.7

1060

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

PINEHURST

9,706

9,948

242

2.5

PINETOPS

1,419

1,394

-25

-1.8

PINEVILLE

3,449

3,584

135

3.9

PINK HILL

562

561

-1

-0.2

PITTSBORO

2,226

2,267

1.8

PLEASANT GARDEN

4,714

4,753

0.8

PLYMOUTH

4,107

4,064

-43

-1.0

POLKTON

1,196

1,951

1.8

POLKVILLE

535

546

2.1

POLLOCKSVILLE

269

266

-3

-1.1

POWELLSVILLE

259

260

0.4

PRINCETON

1,066

1,093

2.5

PRINCEVILLE

940

921

-19

-2.0

PROCTORVILLE

133

132

-1

-0.8

RAEFORD

3,386

3,447

1.8

RALEIGH

276,093

288,131

12,038

4.4

RAMSEUR

1,588

1,601

0.8

RANDLEMAN

3,557

3,648

2.6

RANLO

2,198

2,202

0.2

RAYNHAM

-1

-1.4

RED OAK

2,723

2,762

1.4

RED SPRINGS

3,493

3,479

-14

-0.4

REIDSVILLE

14,485

14,477

-8

-0.1

RENNERT

283

332

17.3

RHODHISS

384

389

1.3

RICH SQUARE

931

921

-10

-1.1

RICHFIELD

515

516

0.2

RICHLANDS

928

906

-22

-2.4

1061

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

RIVER BEND

2,923

2,942

0.7

ROANOKE RAPIDS

16,957

16,943

-14

-0.1

ROBBINS

1,195

1,226

2.6

ROBBINSVILLE

747

757

1.3

ROBERSONVILLE

1,731

1,709

-22

-1.3

ROCKINGHAM

9,672

9,686

0.1

ROCKWELL

1,971

1,996

1.3

ROCKY MOUNT

55,893

55,998

105

0.2

ROLESVILLE

907

953

5.1

RONDA

460

466

1.3

ROPER

613

607

-6

-1.0

ROSE HILL

1,330

1,337

0.5

ROSEBORO

1,267

0.0

ROSMAN

490

491

0.2

ROWLAND

1,146

1,150

0.3

ROXBORO

8,696

8,764

0.8

ROXOBEL

263

265

0.8

RURAL HALL

2,464

2,483

0.8

RUTH

329

0.0

RUTHERFORD COLLEGE

1,303

1,305

0.2

RUTHERFORDTON

4,131

4,163

0.8

SALEMBURG

469

473

0.9

SALISBURY

26,462

26,631

169

0.6

SALUDA

575

581

1.0

SANDY CREEK

246

253

2.8

SANDYFIELD

340

343

0.9

SANFORD

23,220

23,409

189

0.8

SANTEETLAH

1.5

1062

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

SARATOGA

379

382

0.8

SAWMILLS

4,921

4,955

0.7

SCOTLAND NECK

2,362

2,339

-23

-1.0

SEABOARD

695

688

-7

-1.0

SEAGROVE

246

248

0.8

SEDALIA

618

621

0.5

SELMA

5,914

6,240

326

5.5

SEVEN DEVILS

129

0.0

SEVEN SPRINGS

0.0

SEVERN

263

0.0

SHALLOTTE

1,381

1,484

103

7.5

SHARPSBURG

2,421

2,439

0.7

SHELBY

19,477

19,562

0.4

SILER CITY

6,966

7,189

223

3.2

SIMPSON

464

466

0.4

SIMS

128

129

0.8

SMITHFIELD

11,510

11,915

405

3.5

SNOW HILL

1,514

1,515

0.1

SOUTHERN PINES

10,918

11,187

269

2.5

SOUTHERN SHORES

2,201

2,292

4.1

SOUTHPORT

2,351

2,462

111

4.7

SPARTA

1,817

1,824

0.4

SPEED

-1

-1.4

SPENCER

3,355

3,374

0.6

SPENCER MOUNTAIN

-1

-2.0

SPINDALE

4,022

4,013

-9

-0.2

SPRING HOPE

1,261

1,268

0.6

SPRING LAKE

8,098

8,057

-41

-0.5

1063

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estinnates

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

SPRUCE PINE

2,030

2,050

1.0

ST. HELENA

395

402

1.8

ST. JAMES

804

828

3.0

ST. PAULS

2,137

2,144

0.3

STALEY

347

351

1.2

STALLINGS

3,189

8,021

4,832

151.5

STANFIELD

1,113

1,130

1.5

STANLEY

3,053

3,049

-4

-0.1

STANTONSBURG

726

0.0

STAR

807

0.0

STATESVILLE

23,320

24,064

744

3.2

STEDMAN

664

0.0

STEM

229

232

1.3

STOKESDALE

3,267

3,327

1.8

STONEVILLE

1,002

995

-7

-0.7

STONEWALL

285

284

-1

-0.4

STOVALL

376

382

1.6

SUGAR MOUNTAIN

226

232

2.7

SUMMERFIELD

7,018

7,134

116

1.7

SUNSET BEACH

1,824

1,849

1.4

SURF CITY

1,393

1,423

2.2

SWANSBORO

1,426

1,422

-4

-0.3

SWEPSONVILLE

922

948

2.8

SYLVA

2,435

2,465

1.2

TABOR CITY

2,509

2,542

1.3

TAR HEEL

-2

-2.9

TARBORO

11,138

10,233

0.9

TAYLORSVILLE

1,813

1,794

-19

-1.0

1064

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

TAYLORTOWN
TEACHEY
THOMASVILLE
TOBACCOVILLE

TOPSAIL BEACH
TRENT WOODS
TRENTON
TRINITY

TROUTMAN
TROY
TRYON
TURKEY

UNIONVILLE
VALDESE
VANCEBORO
VANDEMERE

VARNAMTOWN
VASS
WACO
WADE

WADESBORO
WAGRAM
WAKE FOREST
WALKERTOWN

WALLACE
WALNUT COVE
WALNUT CREEK
WALSTONBURG

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

845

864

2.2

245

246

0.4

19,788

20,027

239

1.2

2,209

2,246

1.7

471

481

2.1

4,192

4,195

0.1

206

204

-2

-1.0

6,690

6,736

0.7

1,592

1,642

3.1

3,430

4,167

737

21.5

1,760

1,794

1.9

262

263

0.4

4,797

5,455

658

13.7

4,485

0.0

898

896

-2

-0.2

289

287

-2

-0.7

481

500

4.0

750

763

1.7

328

329

0.3

480

477

-3

-0.6

3,552

3,536

-16

-0.5

801

792

-9

-1.1

12,588

13,057

469

3.7

4,009

4,065

1.4

3,344

3,434

2.7

1,465

1,481

1.1

859

865

0.7

224

0.0

1065

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

2001 Municipal Population Estimates

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growth

WARRENTON

811

802

-9

1.1

WARSAW

3,051

3,046

-5

-0.2

WASHINGTON

9,583

9,658

0.8

WASHINGTON PARK

440

0.0

WAT HA

151

153

1.3

WAXHAW

2,625

2,772

147

5.6

WAYNESVILLE

9,232

9,328

1.0

WEAVERVILLE

2,416

2,424

0.3

WEBSTER

486

493

1.4

WEDDINGTON

6,696

7,150

454

6.8

WELDON

1,374

1,372

-2

-0.1

WENDELL

4,247

4,450

203

4.8

WENTWORTH

2,779

2,816

1.3

WESLEY CHAPEL

2,549

3,419

870

34.1

WEST JEFFERSON

1,081

1,093

1.1

WHISPERING PINES

2,090

2,147

2.7

WHITAKERS

799

793

-6

-0.8

WHITE LAKE

529

554

4.7

WHITEVILLE

5,148

5,120

-28

-0.5

WHITSETT

686

693

1.0

WILKESBORO

3,159

3,181

0.7

WILLIAMSTON

5,843

5,838

-5

-0.1

WILMINGTON

75,838

90,981

15,143

20.0

WILSON

44,405

44,965

560

1.3

WILSON'S MILLS

1,291

1,363

5.6

WINDSOR

2,324

2,311

-13

-0.6

WINFALL

554

561

1.3

WINGATE

2,406

2,537

131

5.4

1066

NORTH CAROLINA POPULATION DATA CHAPTER FOURTEEN

municipality

April 2000

July 2001

growth

% growtl

WINSTON-SALEM

185,776

188,605

2,829

1.5

WINTERVILLE

4,791

5,010

219

4.6

WINTON

956

946

-10

-1.0

WOODFIN

3,162

3,520

358

11.3

WOODLAND

833

831

-2

-0.2

WRIGHTSVILLE

BEACH

2,593

2,604

0.4

YADKINVILLE

2,818

2,825

0.2

YANCEYVILLE

2,091

2,086

-5

-0.2

YOUNGSVILLE

651

673

3.4

ZEBULON

4,046

4,218

172

4.3

total municipal

4,062,280

4,198,949

136,666

3.4

1067

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

1068

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS CHAPTER FIFTEEN

Foreign Representatives in North Carolina

As accredited by the U.S. State Department — May, 2003

Mexico

Armando Ortiz-Rocha, Consul
Raleigh

Austria

Mr. Robert Friedl, Honorary Consul
Mount Holly

Cyprus

Dr. Takey Crist, Honorary Consul
Jacksonville

France

Mildred Cox, Honorary Consul
Charlotte

Germany

Kurt Waldthausen, Honorary Consul
Charlotte

Japan

William Fenn, Honorary Consul General
High Point

Mexico

Wayne Cooper, Honorary Consul
Charlotte

International Affairs

1069

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL 2001-2002

Moldova

\'\o\\n I'lndic Blaj, Honorary Consul
I lickoi")-

yietlwrlands

Licrard icr Wcc, Honorary Consul
Ralcii;h

yiicaruiiiiu

Ciilbcrlo Bergman Morca, Honorary Consul
Charlouc

Spain

Ratael Lopez-Barrantes Trinchant, Honorary Consul
Durham

Sweden

Anna Blomdahl, Honorary Consul
Raleigh

Switzerland

Hemz Roih, Honorary Consul
Charlotte

United Kingdom

Michael Teden, Honorary Consul
Charlotte

1070

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS CHAPTER FIFTEEN

1071

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