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2003-2004 


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NORTH  (  AROI  INA 

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THE  COLLECTION  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINIANA 


C917.05 

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2003-2004 


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FOR  USE  ONLY  IN 
THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  COLLECTION 


Form  No.  A-368,  Rev.  8/95 


Carolina  Quilt 

Pick  it  up.  Feel  the  weight 

of  the  many  whose  lives  signified 

more  than  birth  or  death 

inked  in  ledgers,  their  lives  like  a  treasure 

of  remnants  that  wait  to  be  stitched 
into  patterns  that  hold  fast  through 
decades  to  shelter  us  when  v/e  face  cold 
nights  and  darkness.  This  piece  might 

mean  somebody's  field  yielding 

bushels  to  brim  over  w^agon  tops, 

that  one  a  trail  through  the  dogwoods 

in  April.  And  look,  here's  a  mountain  spring 

gushing  forth  out  of  the  leaf  mold 
and  native  tongues  singing 
a  poultice  of  w^ords  round  a  v/ound 
that  cuts  deep  into  memory, 


each  of  the  pieces  held  fast 
with  the  threads  that  our  story  weaves 
stitches  that  cHng  to  what  matters 
so  that  we  may  pass  it  down 

hand  by  hand 

voice  by  voice 

into  the  keeping  of  those 

who  come  after  us. 


Kathryn  Stripling  Byer 
North  Carolina  State  Poet  Laureate 


DEDICAIION 


printing  information 

This  publication  is  printed  on  permanent,  acid-free  paper  m  compliance  with 
the  General  Statutes  of  North  Carolina.  3,000  copies  of  this  document  were  printed 
at  a  total  cost  of  $40,290.00  or  $13.43  per  copy. 

NORTH  CAI^OLINA 


North  Carolina  Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State 

Executive 

Elaine  F.  Marshall  North  Carolina  Secretary  of  State 

Rodney  Maddox  Chief  Deputy  Secretary  of  State 

George  Jeter  Director  of  Communications 

Publications  Division 

Sam  Stowe  Director  of  Publications 

Linda  Wise  Editorial  Assistant 

Cathy  Moss  Editorial  Assistant 

mailing  address 

NC  Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State 

PO  Box  29622 

Raleigh  NC  27626-0622 

Web  site  address 
www.sosnc.com 


i>KKtlARYOI-SIAIb 


A  Message  from  the  North  Carolina  Secretary  of  State 

For  nearly  a  centuiy  the  North  Carolina  Manual  has  served  as  an  accurate  and 
thorough  reference  source  for  North  CaroHna  state  government  and  pohtics.  hi 
fact,  1  cannot  think  of  another  source  for  these  topics  as  coniprehensive  as  the  one 
you  are  currently  holding  m  your  hand. 

Americans  in  general  and  North  Carolinians  in  particular  have  always  emphasized 
the  importance  of  an  informed  citizenry  in  maintaining  the  health  of  our  democracy. 
The  North  Carolina  Manual  serves  to  inform  all  of  us  about  what  our  government 
does  and  who  makes  decisions  that  affect  us.  The  manual  helps  the  states  various 
executive  branch  agencies,  universities  and  colleges  and  other  institutions  educate 
the  people  of  North  Carolina  about  their  respective  missions.  In  turn,  1  think,  this 
manual  reminds  us  that  state  government  —  and  the  political  process  —  is  not 
some  faceless  machine,  but  a  human  creation  that  functions  only  as  well  as  the 
wisdom  and  sound  judgment  of  the  people  who  lead  it. 

The  North  Carolina  Manual  also  helps  put  a  face  on  North  Carolina  itself  for  the 
many  people  outside  our  state  who  may  wonder  what  kind  of  place  North  Carolina 
is  and  what  its  residents  are  like.  Our  state,  as  all  of  us  know,  enjoys  a  combination 


NOK I H  CAROLINA 


8 


of  scenic  beauty,  diversity  of  natural  resources  and  quality  of  living  that  is  unmatched 
by  any  other  state  in  the  United  States.  It  is  also  a  place  where  people  accomplish 
some  pretty  remarkable  goals  without  undue  or  excessive  public  pride  or 
boastfulness.  North  Carolina's  greatest  resource  throughout  its  four  centuries  of 
existence  has  been  its  people.  Our  state  has  provided  far  more  than  its  fair  share  of 
regional  and  national  leaders  in  politics,  journalism,  science,  technology,  business, 
industry,  national  defense  and  education.  I  think  we  will  see,  as  this  new  century 
continues  to  unfold,  that  many  of  the  solutions  to  the  challenges  facing  us  as  a 
nation  will  first  take  root  in  North  Carolina.  Our  state,  in  many  respects,  is  a  ver>' 
humble,  unpretentious  giant. 

If  this  edition  of  the  North  Carolina  Manual  is  your  first  exposure  to  our  state. 
1  would  like  to  thank  you  for  taking  an  interest  in  North  Carolina.  As  any  of  our 
residents  can  tell  you,  it  is  an  interest  that  will  repay  you  many  limes  over.  Enjoy' 


ElaineRMarshall 
N.C.  Secretary  of  State 

SbCl^ETARY 


Introduction 

Dedication  by  Kathryn  Stripling  Byer,  North  Carolina  State  Poet  Laureate 2 

North  Carolina  Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State 5 

A  Message  from  the  North  Carolina  Secretary  of  State 6 

Chapter one 

North  Carolina's  State  Symbols 23 

Chapter  two 

North  Carolina's  Beginnings 67 

Chapter  three 

Our  Constitutions:  An  Historical  Perspective 83 

Chapter  four 

The  Council  of  State  and  the  Executive  Branch 147 

The  Office  of  the  Governor 155 

Michael  E  Easley 159 

Office  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor 177 

Beverly  Eaves  Perdue 178 

Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State  181 

Elaine  E  Marshall 185 

Office  of  the  State  Auditor 193 

Ralph  Campbell,  Jr 194 

Department  of  State  Treasurer 197 

Richard  H.  Moore  202 

Department  of  Public  Instruction 208 

Patricia  Nickens  Willoughby 212 

Ofhce  of  the  Attorney  General 215 

Roy  A.  Cooper 223 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Consumer  Services 231 

W  Bntt  Cobb 241 


10 


Department  of  Labor 244 

Cherie  K.  Berry ^ 

Department  of  Insurance 

James  Eugene  Long 

Department  of  Administration 

Gwynn  T.  Swinson .  , 

Department  of  Commerce 2by 

James  T.  Fain,  III 276 

Department  of  Correction 279 

Theodis  Beck 285 

Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety 287 

Bryan  F  Beatty 296 

Department  of  Cultural  Resources 298 

Lisbeth  Evans 308 

Department  of  Environment  and  Natural  Resources 310 

William  G.  Ross,  Jr 320 

Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services 323 

Carmen  Hooker  Odom 333 

Department  of  Revenue 335 

E.  Norris  Tolson 341 

Department  of  Transportation 344 

Walter  Lyndo  Tippett 355 

Office  of  the  State  Controller 357 

Robert  L.  Powell ^58 

State  Board  of  Elections 360 

Gary  O.  Bartlett ^^^ 

Office  of  Administrative  Hearings 

Office  of  State  Personnel ^^^ 

Thomas  H.  Wright 

Department  of  Juvenile  Justice  &  Delinquency  Prevention  370 

George  L.  Sweat 


Chapter  five 

The  State  Legislature 373 

George  Rubin  Hall,  Jr 378 

2003  North  Carolina  Senate 379 

Marc  Basnight  387 

Charlie  Smith  Dannelly 388 

Anthony  E.  Rand  389 

Jeanne  Hopkins  Lucas 390 

James  S.  Forrester,  MD 391 

Fern  Shubert 392 

Tom  Apodaca 393 

Charles  W  Albertson 394 

Austin  Murphy  Allran 395 

Patrick  Ballentine  396 

Philip  E.  Berger 397 

Stan  Bingham 398 

Harris  Blake 399 

Andrew  C.  Brock 400 

Robert  C.  Carpenter 401 

John  H .  Carrington 402 

Daniel  G.  Clodfelter 403 

Walter  Harvey  Dalton 404 

Katie  Grays  Dorset t 405 

Virginia  Foxx 406 

Linda  Garrou 407 

John  Allen  Gai-wood 408 

Wib  Gulley 409 

Kay  Hagan 410 

Cecil  Hargett  411 

Fletcher  Lee  Hartsell,  Jr 412 

Robert  Lee  Holloman 413 

Hamilton  C.  Horton,  Jr 414 

David  William  Hoyle 415 

Ralph  Alexander  Hunt 416 

John  Hosea  Kerr,  III 418 

Eleanor  Gates  Kinnaird 419 

Vernon  Malone 420 

Stephen  Michael  Metcalf 421 

Tony  D.  Moore  422 


12 


2003  N.C.  Senate  (continued) 

Martin  Luther  Nesbitt 

Robert  Miller  Pittenger 

William  Robert  Purcell,  MD 

Joe  Sam  Queen 

' ■• 

Eric  Miller  Reeves 

Robert  Anthony  Rucho 

Larry  Shaw 

R.B.  Sloan,  Jr ." 

430 

Fred  Smith  ,-,, 

431 

Robert  Charles  Soles,  Jr.  ...  4,-, 

■^           432 

Richard  Stevens .■»^ 

Alvm  B.  Swindell,  IV ^3^ 

Scott  E.  Thomas j->c 

Jerry  W  Tillman ^-j^ 

Hugh  B.  Webster ^37 

David  Franklin  Weinstein 43(^ 

Woody  White 439 

2003-2004  N.C.  Senate  Committees 443 

2003  N.C.  House  of  Representatives 447 

James  Boyce  Black 457 

Richard  T  Morgan 458 

Joe  Hackney 459 

Joe  Leonard  Kiser 460 

Beverly  Earle 461 

Robert  Phillip  Haire 462 

Marian  Nelson  McLawhom 463 

Paul  Miller 464 

Trudi  Walend 465 

Alma  S.  Adams 466 

Martha  Bedell  Alexander 467 

Bernard  Allen 468 

Gordon  Phillip  Allen,  Sr *'"'' 

Lucy  T.  Allen 4/0 

CaryD.  Allred '-^ 

Rex  Levi  Baker *    • 


lABLtOI-cONIbNIS 


2003  N.C.  House  of  Representatives  (continued) 

Bobby  Harold  Barbee,  Sr 473 

Jeffrey  L.  Bamhart  474 

Larry  M.  Bell  475 

J.  Curtis  Blackwood,  Jr 476 

John  M.  Blust 477 

Donald  Allen  Bonner 478 

Alice  Louise  Bordsen  479 

Joanne  W  Bowie 480 

Harold  James  Brubaker 481 

J.  Russell  Capps 482 

Becky  Carney 483 

Walter  Greene  Church,  Sr 484 

Debbie  A.  Clary 485 

Lorene  Thomason  Coates 486 

Edward  Nelson  Cole 487 

James  W  Crawford,  Jr 488 

Billy  James  Creech  489 

Arlie  Franklin  Culp 490 

William  T.  Culpepper,  111  491 

William  Pete  Cunningham 492 

William  Gray  Daughtridge,  Jr 493 

Namon  Leo  Daughtry 494 

Michael  Paul  Decker,  Sr 495 

Margaret  Highsmith  Dickson 496 

Jerry  Charles  Dockham 497 

Rick  Louis  Eddms 498 

J.  Samuel  Ellis 499 

Bobby  E  England 500 

Jean  Farmer-Butterfield 501 

Susan  C .  Fisher 502 

Stanley  Harold  Fox 503 

Phillip  D.  Frye  504 

Pryor  Allan  Gibson,  III 505 

Robert  Mitchell  Gillespie 506 


14 


2003  N.C.  House  of  Representatives  (continued) 

Rick  Glazier 5Qy 

Daniel  Bruce  Goforth  5Qg 

George  Wayne  Goodwin 5O9 

Michael  A.  Gorman 5IO 

W  Robert  Grady 51  \ 

Jim  Gulley 512 

John  D.  Hall 513 

James  A.  Harrell,  III 514 

Dewey  Lewis  Hill 515 

Mark  Kelly  Hinton 516 

L.  Hugh  Holliman 517 

George  Milton  Holmes 518 

Julia  Craven  Howard 519 

Howard  J.  Hunter,  Jr 520 

Verla  Clemens  Insko 521 

Margaret  A.  Jeffus 522 

Charles  E.  Johnson 523 

Linda  P.  Johnson 524 

Earl  Jones 525 

Carolyn  Justice 526 

Carolyn  K.  Justus 527 

Stephen  A.  LaRoque 528 

David  R.  Lewis 529 

Marvin  W  Lucas 530 

Paul  Luebke 531 

Mary  E.  McAllister 532 

Daniel  Francis  McComas 533 

Willard  Eugene  McCombs ^^"^ 

William  C.  McGee 535 

Patrick  T.  McHenry ^^^ 

William  Edwin  McMahan 5^' 

Henry  M.  Michaux,  Jr ^^° 

1  ^39 

David  Morris  Miner ^  ^^ 

William  Franklin  Mitchell 540 

541 

Timothy  Keith  Moore ^ 


TT^HEE 


2003  N.C.  House  of  Representatives  (continued) 

Don  Munford 542 

EddNye 543 

William  Clarence  Owens,  Jr 544 

Earline  W  Parmon  545 

Louis  Mitford  Pate,  Jr 546 

Jean  Rouse  Preston 547 

Ray  Rapp 548 

Karen  B.  Ray 549 

John  M.  Rayfield 550 

John  W  Rhodes 551 

Deborah  K.  Ross 552 

John  Sauls 553 

Drew  Paschal  Saunders 554 

Mitchell  Smith  Setzer 555 

Paul  Wayne  Sexton,  Sr 556 

Wilma  M.  Sherrill  557 

Paul  B.  Stam 558 

Edgar  V  Starnes 559 

Fred  E  Steen,  II 560 

Bonner  L.  Stiller 561 

Ronnie  Neal  Sutton 562 

Joe  P.  Tolson 563 

William  L.  Wainwright 564 

R.  Tracy  Walker 565 

Alex  Warner 566 

Edith  D.  Warren 567 

Jennifer  Weiss 568 

Thomas  Roger  West 569 

Arthur  J.  Williams 570 

Keith  Parker  Williams 571 

Constance  K.  Wilson 572 

William  Eugene  Wilson 573 

Larry  W.  Womble 574 

Stephen  W  Wood  575 

Thomas  Edward  Wright 576 

Douglas  Yates  Yongue  577 


16 


2003  N.C.  House  of  Representatives  (continued) 

2003-2004  N.C.  House  Committees 582 

2003-2004  Senate  Roster 590 

2003-2004  House  Roster 592 

Chapter  six 

The  Judicial  Branch 593 

N.C.  Supreme  Court 607 

I.  Beverly  Lake,  J r 6I3 

Edward  Thomas  Brady 614 

Mark  D.  Martin 615 

Sarah  E.  Parker 616 

Robert  Holt  Edmonds,  Jr 617 

George  L.  Wainwnght,  Jr 618 

Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts 619 

N.C.  Supreme  Court  of  Appeals 621 

John  Charles  Martin 621 

James  Andrew  Wynn,  Jr 622 

Linda  M.  McGee 623 

Patricia  Timmons-Goodson 624 

Robert  Carl  Hunter 625 

Robin  E.  Hunter 626 

John  Marsh  Tyson 627 

Wanda  G.  Bryant 628 

Ann  Marie  Calabria 629 

Rick  Elmore  630 

Sanford  L.  Steelman 631 

Martha  A.  Geer 632 

Eric  L.  Le\^nson 633 

Alan  Ziegler  Thomburg 634 

John  Douglas  McCullough 


635 
636 


N.C.  Superior  Court  Judges 

N.C.  District  Court  Judges ^^^ 

647 

rABLbC'XONIbNIl 


N.C.  District  Attorneys. 


Chapter  seven 

UNC  System  Colleges  and  Universities 653 

Molly  Corbett  Broad 657 

Appalachian  State  University  658 

Kenneth  E.  Peacock 659 

East  Carolina  University 660 

Steven  C.  Ballard  661 

Elizabeth  City  State  University 662 

Mickey  L.  Bumim  664 

Fayetteville  State  University 665 

T.J.  Bryan 667 

N.C.  Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University 668 

Dr.  James  Carmichael  Renick 669 

North  Carolina  Central  University 670 

James  H.  Ammons 672 

N.C.  School  of  the  Arts 673 

N.C.  State  University 675 

Robert  Alexander  Bamhardt  679 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Asheville  681 

James  Hayes  Mullen 682 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill  683 

Dr.  James  Moeser 693 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Charlotte 694 

James  H.  Woodward 696 


18 


University  of  North  Carolina  at  Greensboro 697 

Patricia  A.  Sullivan 700 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Pembroke 701 

Dr.  Allen  C.  Meadors 703 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Wilmington 704 

James  R.  Leutze 705 

Western  Carolina  University 706 

John  William  Bardo 707 

Winston-Salem  State  University 709 

Harold  L.  Martin,  Sr 710 

Chapter  eight 

N.  C.  Community  College  System 713 

H.  Martin  Lancaster 715 

Chapter  nine 

Private  Colleges  and  Universities 765 

Chapter  ten 

North  Carolma  Political  Parties 771 

2002  Democratic  Party  of  North  Carolina  Platform 771 

2002  Libertarian  Party  of  North  Carolina  Platform 794 

2002  Republican  Party  of  North  Carolina  Platform 805 


Chapter  eleven 

United  States  Government 821 

Constitution  of  the  United  States 831 

Amendments  to  the  U.S.  Constitution 843 

George  Walker  Bush  854 

Richard  B.  Cheney 855 

One  Hundred  and  Eighth  U.S.  Congress 859 

John  Edwards  860 

Elizabeth  Dole 861 

House  of  Representatives  862 

Eva  McPherson  Clayton 863 

Bob  Etheridge  864 

Walter  B.  Jones,  Jr 865 

David  Eugene  Price 866 

Richard  Burr 867 

J.  Howard  Coble 868 

Mike  Mclntyre 869 

Robm  Cannon  Hayes 870 

Sue  Mynck 871 

Thomas  Cass  Ballenger 872 

Charles  H.  Taylor 873 

MelvinWatt 874 

United  States  Judiciary 875 

United  States  District  Court  m  North  Carolina 876 

James  Carroll  Fox 877 

Malcolm  Jones  Howard 878 

W  EarlBritt 879 

N.  Carlton  Tilley,  Jr 880 

Frank  William  Bullock,  Jr 881 

William  L.  Osteen 882 

James  A.  Beaty  Jr 883 

Richard  Cannon  Ei"wm 884 

Hiram  Hamilton  Ward 885 


20 


Graham  C.  Mullen ^^ 

Richard  Lesley  Voorhees ^^7 

Lacy  H.  Thornburg ,.888 

Robert  D.  Potter 339 

Chapter  twelve 

Counties  and  Their  Governments 891 

Chapter  thirteen 

Elections  and  Voting  Records 949 

The  North  Carolina  Electoral  College 952 

2004  Primary  Elections 956 

North  Carolina  Voter  Registration  -  2004 988 

2004  General  Elections 996 

Chapter  fourteen 

North  Carolina  Population  Data 1024 

2003  Certified  County  Population  Estimates 1028 

2004-2009  Projected  Annual  County  Population 1032 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 1040 

Chapter  fifteen 

Foreign  Consuls  in  North  Carolina 1060 


TABLbOhcuNltNIi) 


NOKIH  CAROLINA 


Lords  Proprietor  Seal 


Albemarle  Seal    1 665- 1 730 


North  Carolina's  State 
Symbols 

Like  every  other  state  in  the  U.S.  and  nearly  every  country  in  the  world,  North 
Carolina's  state  government  has  selected  a  wide  array  of  official  state  symbols.  Some 
of  these  symbols,  such  as  the  state  seal,  are  historic  relics  that  played  an  important 
legal  role  eariier  in  the  state's  history  Others  are  symbols  chosen  by  the  N.C.  General 
Assembly  to  promote  important  North  Carolina  products,  natural  resources  and 
human  achievements.  Some  symbols  are  literally  larger  than  life,  particularly  such 
historic  state  buildings  as  the  North  Carolina  Capitol,  the  N.C.  Legislative  Building 
and  the  Executive  Mansion,  the  official  residence  of  North  Carolina's  governor.  All 
North  Carolina  symbols  share  one  important  function,  namely  reminding  North 
Carolmians  and  the  rest  of  the  world  of  our  state's  cultural  character,  natural  wonders 
and  rich  history 

TJte  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina 

The  state  seal  is  probably  the  oldest  official  state  symbol.  A  seal  lor  imporiani 
documents  was  used  before  a  state  government  was  organized  in  North  Carolina. 
During  the  colonial  period  North  Carolina  used  four  different  seals  in  succession. 
Since  independence,  the  state  has  used  six  different  versions  of  the  seal. 


b  I  Alb  SYMBOLS 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Provincial  Seal     1 730- 1 767 


Provincial  Seal     1767-1 776 


24 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


State  Seal     1779-1794 


State  Seal    1794-1836 


Shortly  after  King  Charles  II  issued  the  Charter  of  1663  to  the  Lords  Proprietor, 
a  seal  was  adopted  to  use  in  conjunction  with  their  newly-acquired  domains  in 
America.  No  official  description  has  been  found  of  the  seal  but  it  can  be  seen  in  the 
British  Public  Record  Ofhce  in  London.  The  seal  had  two  sides  and  was  3  and  3/8 
inches  m  diameter.  The  impression  was  made  by  bonding  two  wax  cakes  together 
with  tape  before  bemg  impressed.  The  finished  impression  was  about  a  quarter- 
inch  thick.  This  seal  was  used  on  all  ofhcial  papers  of  the  Lords  Proprietor  of 
Carolina,  which  at  the  time  included  all  of  the  territory  inside  the  current  borders  of 
both  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina. 

When  the  Government  of  Albemarle  was  organized  in  1665,  it  adopted  for  a 
seal  the  reverse  side  of  the  seal  of  the  Lords  Proprietor.  Between  the  coal  of  arms. 
the  word  A-L-B-E-M-A-R-L-E  was  fixed  in  capitals  beginning  with  the  letter  "A" 
between  the  Craven  arms  and  those  of  Lord  John  Berkeley.  The  Albemarle  seal  was 
small,  only  1  and  7/16  inches  in  diameter,  and  had  only  one  face.  The  seal  was 
usually  impressed  on  red  wax,  but  was  occasionally  imprinted  on  a  wafer  stuck  to 
the  instrument  with  soft  wax.  The  government  for  Albemarle  County  was  the  first 
to  use  the  seal.  As  the  colony  grew,  it  became  the  seal  of  the  entire  Province  of  North 
Carolina.  It  continued  in  use  until  just  after  the  purchase  of  North  Carolina  bv  ihe 
crown. 


25 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


State  Seal     1836-1893 


State  Seal     1893-1971 


During  the  troublesome  times  of  the  Gary  Rebellion,  the  Albemarle  seal  was 
not  used.  Instead,  Gary  used  his  family  arms  as  a  seal  for  official  papers.  William 
Glover  used  his  private  seal  during  his  presidency  as  well. 

When  North  Garolina  became  a  royal  colony  in  1729,  the  old  "Albemarle"  seal 
was  no  longer  applicable.  On  February  3,  1730,  the  Board  of  Trade  recommended 
that  the  king  order  a  public  seal  for  the  Province  of  North  Garolina.  Later  that  same 
month,  the  king  approved  the  recommendations  and  ordered  that  a  new  seal  be 
prepared  for  the  governor  of  North  Garolina.  On  March  25,  the  Board  of  Trade 
presented  the  king  with  a  draft  of  the  proposed  seal  for  his  consideration.  The  king 
approved  the  proposed  new  seal  on  April  10  with  one  minor  change:  "Georgius 
Secundus"  was  to  be  substituted  for  the  original  "Geo.  11."  The  chief  engraver  of 
seals,  RoUos,  was  ordered  to  "engrave  a  silver  Seal  according  to  said  draught  ..." 

The  arrival  of  the  new  seal  in  North  Garolina  was  delayed;  so  when  the  council 
met  m  Edenton  on  March  30,  1731,  the  old  seal  of  the  colony  was  ordered  to  be 
used  until  the  new  seal  arrived.  The  new  seal  arrived  in  late  April  and  the  messenger 
fetching  the  seal  from  Gape  Fear  was  paid  £10  for  his  journey.  The  impression  of 
the  new  seal  was  made  by  placing  two  cakes  or  layers  of  wax  together,  then  interlacing 
ribbon  or  tape  with  the  attached  seal  between  the  wax  cakes.  It  was  customary  to 
put  a  piece  of  paper  on  the  outside  of  three  cakes  before  they  were  impressed.  The 
complete  seal  was  4  and  3/8  inches  in  diameter  and  from  1/2  to  5/8  inches  thick 
and  weighed  about  5  and  1/2  ounces. 


26 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


State  Seal     1971-1984 


State  Seal    1 984  -  present 


At  a  meeting  of  the  council  held  in  New  Bern  on  December  14,  1767,  Governor 
Tryon  produced  a  new  great  seal  of  the  province  with  His  Majesty's  Royal  Warrant 
from  the  Court  of  St.  James  bearing  the  date  of  the  9th  day  of  July  1767.  The  old 
seal  was  returned  to  his  Majesty's  Council  office  at  Whitehall  in  England. 
Accompanying  the  warrant  was  a  description  of  the  new  seal  with  mstructions  thai 
the  seal  be  used  to  seal  all  patents  and  grants  of  lands  and  all  public  instruments 
passed  in  the  king's  name  for  service  within  the  province.  It  was  4  inches  in  diameter, 
1/2  to  5/8  inches  thick,  and  weighed  4  and  1/2  ounces. 

Sometimes  a  smaller  seal  than  the  Great  Seal  was  used  on  commissions  and 
grants,  such  as  a  small  heart-shaped  seal  or  a  seal  in  the  shape  of  an  ellipse.  These 
impressions  were  evidently  made  by  putting  the  wax  far  enough  under  the  edge  of 
the  Great  Seal  to  take  the  impression  of  the  crown.  The  royal  governors  also  used 
their  private  seals  on  commissions  and  grants. 

Lord  Granville,  after  the  sale  of  the  colony  by  the  Lords  Proprietor,  retained  his 
right  to  issue  land  grants.  He  used  his  private  seal  on  the  grants  he  issued.  The  last 
reference  found  to  the  colonial  seal  is  in  a  letter  from  Governor  Martin  to  the  Earl  of 
Hillsborough  in  November,  1771,  in  which  he  recounts  the  broken  condition  of 
the  seal.  He  states  the  seal  had  been  repaired  and  though  "awkwardly  mended  I  it 
was!  in  such  manner  as  to  answer  all  purposes." 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Following  independence,  Section  XVII  of  the  new  constitution  adopted  at  Halifax 
on  December  18,  1776,  provided  "That  there  shall  be  a  Seal  of  this  State,  which 
shall  be  kept  by  the  Governor,  and  used  by  him  as  occasion  may  require;  and  shall 
be  called  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  and  be  affixed  to  all  grants 
and  commissions."  When  a  new  constitution  was  adopted  in  1868,  Article  III, 
Section  16,  provided  for  ". .  .a  seal  of  the  State,  which  shall  be  kept  by  the  Governor, 
and  used  by  him,  as  occasion  may  rec[Uire,  and  shall  be  called  The  Great  Seal  of  the 
State  of  North  Carolina."  It  also  provided  for  the  Secretaiy  of  State  to  countersign 
with  the  governor.  When  the  people  of  North  Carolina  ratified  the  current  state 
constitution  m  1970,  Article  III,  Section  10,  contained  provisions  for  "The  Great 
Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina."  However,  the  wording  which  authorized  the 
Secretary  of  State  to  countersign  documents  was  removed. 

On  December  22,  1776,  the  Provincial  Congress  at  Halifax  appointed  William 
Hooper,  Joseph  Hewes  and  Thomas  Burke  as  commissioners  to  procure  a  seal  for 
the  state.  There  is  no  record,  however,  that  the  commission  ever  made  a  report.  The 
congress  authorized  the  governor  to  use  his  "private  seal  at  arms"  until  a  great  seal 
for  the  state  was  procured.  A  bill  to  do  just  that  became  law  on  May  2,  1778.  The 
legislation  appointed  William  Tisdale,  Esq.,  to  cut  and  engrave  a  seal  for  the  state. 
On  Sunday,  November  7,  1779,  the  Senate  granted  Tisdale  £150  to  make  the  seal. 
The  seal  procured  under  this  act  was  used  until  1794.  The  actual  size  of  the  seal 
was  3  inches  m  diameter  and  1/4  inch  thick.  It  was  made  by  putting  two  cakes  of 
wax  together  with  paper  wafers  on  the  outside  and  pressing  them  between  the  dies, 
thus  forming  the  obverse  and  reverse  sides  of  the  seal.  An  official  description  of  this 
seal  cannot  be  found,  but  many  of  the  seals  still  in  existence  are  m  an  almost  perfect 
state  of  preservation. 

In  January  1792,  the  General  Assembly  authorized  a  new  state  seal,  requiring 
that  It  be  prepared  with  only  one  side.  Colonel  Abisha  Thomas,  an  agent  of  North 
Carolina  commissioned  by  Governor  Martin,  was  in  Philadelphia  to  settle  the  states 
Revolutionary  War  claims  against  the  federal  government.  Martin  sent  a  design  to 
Colonel  Thomas  for  a  new  seal  for  the  state;  however,  after  suggestions  by  Dr. 
Hugh  Williamson  and  Senator  Samuel  Johnston,  this  sketch  was  disregarded  and  a 
new  one  submitted.  This  new  sketch,  with  some  modification,  was  finally  accepted 
by  Governor  Spaight,  and  Colonel  Thomas  had  the  seal  made  accordingly 


28 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS  CHAPTER    ONE 

The  seal  press  for  the  old  seal  had  proved  unwieldy  due  to  its  two-sided  nature 
and  large  diameter.  Governor  Richard  Dobbs  Spaight  in  a  letter  to  Colonel  Abisha 
Thomas  m  February,  1793,  wrote:  "Let  the  screws  by  which  the  impression  is  to  be 
made  be  as  portable  as  possible  so  as  it  may  be  adapted  to  our  present  itinerant 
government.  The  one  now  m  use  by  which  the  Great  Seal  is  at  present  made 
large  and  unwieldy  as  to  be  carried  only  in  a  cart  or  wagon  and  of  course  has 
become  stationary  at  the  Secretary's  office  which  makes  it  very  convenient."  The  seal 
was  cut  some  time  during  the  summer  of  1793.  Colonel  Thomas  brought  it  home 
with  him  in  time  for  the  meeting  of  the  legislature  in  November,  1793,  at  which 
session  it  was  "approbated."  The  screw  to  the  seal  was  2  and  1/2  inches  in  diameter 
and  was  used  until  around  1835. 

In  the  winter  of  1834-35  the  legislature  enacted  legislation  authorizing  the 
governor  to  procure  a  new  seal.  The  preamble  to  the  act  stated  that  the  old  seal  had 
been  used  since  the  first  day  of  March,  1793.  A  new  seal,  which  was  very  similar  to 
its  predecessor,  was  adopted  m  1835  and  continued  in  use  until  1893.  In  1868, 
the  legislature  authorized  the  governor  to  procure  a  new  replacement  seal  and  required 
him  to  do  so  whenever  the  old  one  was  lost  or  so  worn  or  defaced  that  it  was  unfit 
for  use.  In  1883,  Colonel  S.  McD.  Tate  introduced  a  bill  that  described  in  more 
detail  what  the  seal  should  be  like.  In  1893,  Jacob  Batde  introduced  a  bill  to  add 
the  state  motto,  "Esse  Quam  Videri,"  to  the  foot  of  the  states  coat  of  arms  and  the 
words  "May  20,  1775,"  to  the  top  of  the  coat-of-arms.  By  the  late  19th  and  early 
20th  century,  the  ship  that  appeared  in  the  background  of  the  early  seals  had 
disappeared.  The  North  Carolina  mountains  formed  the  only  backdrop  on  the  seal. 

The  1971  General  Assembly,  m  an  effort  to  "provide  a  standard  for  the  Great 
Seal  of  the  State  of  North  CaroUna,"  passed  the  following  act  amending  the  General 
Statutes  provision  relative  to  the  State  Seal: 

The  Governor  shall  procure  of  the  State  a  Seal,  which  shall  he  called  the 
Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  and  shall  be  two  and  one-quarter 
inches  in  diameter,  and  its  design  shall  he  a  representation  of  the  figures  of 
Liberty  and  Plenty,  looking  toward  each  other,  hut  not  more  than  half-fronting 


29 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


• 

0 
f 

. 

^^^^ 

^^^^^^n 

' 

^i.fl 

each  other  and  otherwise  disposed  as  follows:  Liberty,  the  first  jigure,  standing, 
her  pole  with  cap  on  it  in  her  lefi  hand  and  a  scroll  with  the  word  "Constitution" 
insciihed  thereon  in  her  light  hand.  Plenty,  the  second  Jigure,  sitting  down,  her 
right  arm  half  extended  toward  Liberty,  three  heads  of  grain  in  her  right  hand, 
and  in  her  left,  the  small  end  of  her  horn,  the  mouth  of  which  is  resting  at  her 
feet,  and  the  contents  of  the  horn  rolling  out. 

The  background  on  the  seal  shall  contain  a  depiction  of  mountains  running 
from  lefi  to  right  to  the  middle  of  the  seal.  A  side  view  of  a  three-masted  ship 
shall  be  located  on  the  ocean  and  to  the  right  of  Plenty.  The  date  "May  20, 
1775"  shall  appear  within  the  seal  and  across  the  top  of  the  seal  and  the  words 
"esse  quam  videri"  shall  appear  at  the  bottom  around  the  perimeter  No  other 
words,  figures  or  other  embellishments  shall  appear  on  the  seal. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  file  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of 
State  an  impression  of  the  great  seal,  certified  to  under  his  hand  and  attested  to 
by  the  Secretary  of  State,  which  impression  so  certified  the  Secretary  of  State 
shall  carefully  preserve  among  the  records  of  this  Office. 

The  late  Julian  R.  Allsbrook,  who  sensed  in  the  North  Carolina  Senate  for  many 
years,  felt  that  the  adoption  date  of  the  Halifax  Resolves  ought  to  be  commemorated 


30 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 

on  the  state  seal  as  it  was  already  on  the  state  flag.  This  was  to  "serve  as  a  constani 
reminder  of  the  people  of  this  state's  commitment  to  liberty."  Legislation  adding  the 
date  "April  12,  1776"  to  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  was  ratified 
May  2,  1983,  with  an  effective  date  of  January  1,  1984.  Chapter  257  of  the  1983 
Session  Laws  of  North  Carolina  included  provisions  that  would  not  invalidate  any 
Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  in  use  or  on  display  Instead  replacement 
could  occur  as  the  need  arose. 

North  Carolina  State  Flag 

Flags  developed  from  the  earliest  recorded  human  history  as  symbols  designed 
to  command  respect  for  —  and  obedience  to  —  the  authority  of  the  stale.  Since 
antiquity,  nearly  all  nations  and  peoples  have  used  flags  and  emblems,  though  ancient 
superstitions  regarding  their  divine  origins  and  supernatural  powers  have  largely 
disappeared.  Flags  now,  the  world  over,  possess  the  same  meaning  as  a  symbol  of 
strength,  unity,  spirit  and  patriotism.  In  addition  to  our  national  flag,  each  state  in 
the  U.S.  has  a  state  flag  that  symbolizes  its  own  individual  character.  State  flags  also 
express  a  particular  trait  or  commemorate  some  specific,  important  historical  event 
in  state  history.  Most  state  flags  consist  of  the  state  s  official  coat  of  arms  superimposed 
upon  a  suitably  colored  held. 

Legislative  records  indicate  that  an  official  state  flag  for  North  Carolina  was  not 
estabUshed  or  recognized  until  1861.  The  constitutional  convention  of  1861,  which 
passed  the  ordinance  of  secession,  adopted  a  state  flag.  On  May  20,  1861,  the  day 
the  secession  resolution  was  adopted.  Col.  John  D.  Whitford,  a  member  of  the 
convention  from  Craven  County  introduced  an  ordinance  to  create  a  state  flag.  The 
ordinance  specified  that  the  flag  should  contain  a  blue  field  with  a  while  V  on  it  and 
a  star  encircled  by  the  words,  "Surgit  astrum,  May  20,  1775." 

Colonel  Whitford  chaired  the  committee  to  which  this  ordinance  was  referred. 
William  Jarl  Browne,  a  Raleigh  artist,  prepared  and  submitted  a  model  to  the 
committee  and  the  convention  approved  Browne's  design  on  June  22,  1861.  The 
Brovme  model  differed  signiftcantly  from  the  original  design  proposed  by  Colonel 
Whitford.  The  law  creating  the  new  state  flag  included  this  description: 

The  Flag  of  North  Carolina  shall  consist  oj  a  red  field  with  a  while  star  w 
the  centre,  and  with  the  inscription,  above  the  star,  in  a  semi-circular  fivm,  oj 
"May  20th,  1775,"  and  below  the  star,  in  a  semi-circular  form,  of  "May  20lh, 
1861."  That  there  shall  be  two  bars  oj  equal  width,  and  the  length  of  the  field 
shall  be  equal  to  the  bar,  the  width  of  the  field  being  equal  to  both  bars:  the  first 
bar  shall  be  blue,  and  second  shall  be  white:  and  the  length  of  the  flag  shall  he 
one-third  more  than  its  width. [Ratified  the  22nd  day  oJ fiine,  186// 


31 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

This  state  flag  was  issued  to  North  Carolina  regiments  of  state  troops  during 
the  summer  of  1861  and  borne  by  them  throughout  the  war.  It  was  the  only  flag, 
except  the  national  and  Confederate  colors,  used  by  North  Carolina  troops  during 
the  Civil  War.  This  version  of  the  flag  existed  until  1885,  when  the  General  Assembly 
adopted  a  new  design.  General  Johnstone  Jones  introduced  the  bill  to  redesign  the 
state  flag  on  February  5,  1885.  The  measure  passed  its  final  reading  one  month 
later  after  little  debate: 

An  Act  to  Establish  a  State  Flag 

The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  do  enact: 

Section  1  That  the  flag  of  North  Carolina  shall  consist  of  a  blue  union,  containing 
in  the  centre  thereof  a  white  star  with  the  letter  N  m  gilt  on  the  left  and  the  letter  C 
in  gilt  on  the  right  of  said  star,  the  circle  containing  the  same  to  be  one-third  the 
width  of  the  union. 

Section  2  That  the  fly  of  the  flag  shall  consist  of  two  equally  proportioned  bars; 
the  upper  bar  to  be  red,  the  lower  bar  to  be  white;  that  the  length  of  the  bars 
horizontally  shall  be  equal  to  the  perpendicular  length  of  the  union,  and  the  total 
length  of  the  flag  shall  be  one-third  more  than  its  width. 

Section  3  That  above  the  star  m  the  centre  of  the  union  there  shall  be  a  gilt 
scroll  in  semi-circular  form,  containing  in  black  letters  this  inscription  "May  20th, 
1775,"  and  that  below  the  star  there  shall  be  similar  scroll  containing  in  black 
letters  the  inscription:  "April  12th,  1776." 

Section  4  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  from  and  after  its  ratiflcation.  In  the 
General  Assembly  read  three  times  and  rati  fled  this  9th  day  of  March,  A.D.  1885. 

It  is  interesting  to  examine  the  significance  of  the  dates  found  on  the  flag.  The 
flrst  date,  "May  20,  1775,"  refers  to  the  Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  Independence, 
although  the  documents  authenticity  was  in  question  at  the  time  (and  remains  so). 
The  second  date  appearing  on  the  state  flag  ot  1861,  "May  20th,  1861," 
commemorated  North  Carolina s  secession  from  the  Union.  When  a  new  flag  was 
adopted  in  1885,  this  date  was  replaced  with  "April  12th,  1776"  to  commemorate 
the  Halifax  Resolves,  which  had  placed  North  Carolina  in  the  ver)'  front  ranks  of 
those  colonies  flghting  for  independence  from  Britain. 

From  1885  to  1991,  there  was  no  change  m  our  state  flag.  The  1991  General 
Assembly  made  minor  changes  to  the  flag,  changing  the  length  of  the  flag  from  1/3 
of  its  width  to  1/2.  It  also  deleted  the  commas  before  the  year  dates.  Public  use  of 
the  flag  has  become  more  common.  A  1907  General  Assembly  act  requires  state 
flag  displays  at  all  state  institutions,  public  buildings  and  court  houses. 


32 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ON 


The  Cardinal  -  North  Carolina  State  Bird 

The  cardinal  was  selected  by  popular  choice  as  North  Carolina's  official  State 
Bird  on  March  4,  1943  (Session  Laws,  1943  c.  595;  G.S.  145-2).  Also  known  as 
the  winter  redbird,  the  cardinal  is  a  year-round  resident  of  North  Carolina  and  is 
one  of  the  most  common  birds  that  inhabit  our  state's  gardens,  meadows  and 
woodlands.  The  male  cardinal  is  red  all  over,  except  for  the  area  of  its  throat  and  the 
region  around  its  bill,  which  is  black.  It  is  about  the  size  of  a  catbird,  only  with  a 
longer  tail.  The  head  is  conspicuously  crested  and  the  large  stout  bill  is  red.  The 
female  cardinal  is  much  duller  in  color  with  the  red  confined  mostly  to  the  crcsi, 
wings  and  tail.  There  are  no  seasonal  changes  in  the  cardinal's  plumage. 

Male  and  female  cardinals  aUke  are  renowned  as  song  birds.  The  cardinal's  ncsi 
tends  to  be  a  rather  untidy  affair  built  of  weed  stems,  grass  and  similar  materials  in 
low  shrubs,  small  trees  or  bunches  of  briars,  generally  not  over  four  feet  above  the 
ground.  Cardinals  in  North  Carolina  typically  set  three  eggs  each  spring.  Further 
north,  cardinals  tend  to  set  four  eggs  in  spring.  Seeds  are  the  mainstay  of  the  cardinal's 
diet,  but  it  will  also  eat  small  fruits  and  insects. 


33 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


The  Dogwood  -  North  Carolina  State  Flower 

The  General  Assembly  of  1941  designated  the  dogwood  as  the  State  Flower 
(Public  Laws,  1941,  c.  289;  G.S.  145-1).  The  dogwood  is  one  of  the  most  prevalent 
trees  in  our  state  and  can  be  found  in  all  parts  of  the  state  from  the  mountains  to  the 
coast.  Its  blossoms,  which  appear  in  early  spring  and  continue  on  into  summer,  are 
most  often  found  in  white,  although  shades  of  pink  (red)  are  not  uncommon. 


34 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


The  Honey  Bee  -  North  Carolina  State  Insect 

The  General  Assembly  of  1973  designated  the  industrious  honey  bee  as  the 
official  State  Insect  (Session  Laws,  1973,  c.  55).  This  industrious  creature  is 
responsible  for  the  annual  production  of  more  than  $651,000  worth  of  honey  in 
the  state.  The  North  Carolma  Department  of  Agriculture  estimates  that,  in  1998, 
North  Carolina  had  nearly  8,000  honey-producing  bee  colonies  maintained  by 
apiculturists  throughout  the  state.  The  department  also  estimates  that  each  colony 
produced  an  average  of  59  lbs.  of  honey  that  year,  a  statewide  honey  output  csiimaicd 
for  the  year  at  472,000  lbs.  However,  the  greatest  value  of  honey  bees  is  ihcir  role 
m  the  growing  cycle  as  a  major  contributor  to  the  pollination  of  North  Carolma 
crops. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


The  Pine  -  North  Carolina  State  Tree 

The  pine  tree  was  officially  designated  as  the  State  Tree  by  the  General  Assembly 
of  1963.  (Session  Laws,  1963,  c.41)  The  pine  is  the  most  common  tree  found  in 
North  Carolina,  as  well  as  the  most  important  one  m  the  history  of  our  state.  During 
the  colonial  and  early  statehood  periods,  the  states  economy  centered  on  products 
derived  from  the  pines  that  grew  throughout  North  Carolina.  Many  of  the  crucial 
naval  stores  —  resm,  turpentine  and  timber  —  needed  by  British  and  American 
merchant  mariners  and  the  navies  of  both  nations  came  from  North  Carolina.  North 
Carolina  remains  a  major  cultivator  of  pine  trees  and  producer  of  pine  tree  products, 
particularly  in  the  building  industry.  The  state  has  also  become  a  major  source  of 
Christmas  trees  for  the  entire  nation.  The  North  Carolina  Department  of  Agriculture 
estimates  that  the  states  1,600  commercial  evergreen  growers  sold  $92  miUion 
worth  of  Christmas  trees,  wreaths,  roping  and  greenery  in  1998.  Most  of  the  states 
Christmas  trees  are  raised  in  Ashe,  Avery,  Alleghany,  Watauga  and  Jackson  counties 
in  the  North  Carolina  mountains. 


36 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS 


CHAPTER    ONE 


The  Gray  Squirrel  -  North  Carolina  State  Mammal 

The  General  Assembly  of  1969  designated  the  gray  squirrel  as  the  official  Slate 
Mammal  (Session  Laws,  1969.  c.1207;  G.S.  145-5).  The  gray  squirrel  is  a  common 
inhabitant  of  most  areas  of  North  Carolina  from  "the  swamps  of  eastern  North  Cirolma 
to  the  upland  hardwood  forests  of  the  piedmont  and  western  counties."  This  ircc- 
dwelling  rodent  thrives  equally  well  in  an  "untouched  wilderness"  environment  and 
in  urban  areas  and  suburbs.  To  the  delight  of  hikers  and  park  dwellers  alike,  this 
furry  creature  is  extremely  active  during  the  day  and,  like  most  humans,  sleeps  at 
night.  In  its  favorite  habitat  —  the  evergreen  coniferous  forest  —  the  gray  squirrel  is 
much  larger  than  other  species  of  squirrels,  usually  driving  away  the  red  squirrel 
(Tamiascums)  whenever  the  two  species  meet.  The  gray  squirrel  is  not  a  picky  cater. 
During  the  fall  and  winter  months,  it  survives  on  a  diet  of  hardwoods,  with  acorns 
providmg  most  of  its  carbohydrates  and  proteins.  In  the  spring  and  summer,  its  diet 
consists  of  "new  growth  and  fruits"  supplemented  by  early  com.  peanuts  and  the 
occasional  insect.  Many  squirrels  in  cities  supplement  their  natural  diet  with  raids  on 
bird  feeders. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

State  Toast 

The  following  toast  was  officially  adopted  as  the  State  Toast  of  North  Carolina 
by  the  General  Assembly  of  1957  (Session  Laws,  1957,  c.777): 

Here's  to  the  land  of  the  long  leaf  pine. 

The  summer  land  where  the  sun  doth  shine. 

Where  the  weak  grow  strong  and  the  strong  grow  great. 

Here's  to  "Down  Home,"  the  Old  North  State! 

Here's  to  the  land  of  the  cotton  bloom  white. 
Where  the  scuppemong  perfumes  the  breeze  at  night, 
Where  the  soft  southern  moss  and  jessamine  mate, 
'Neath  the  murmuring  pines  of  the  Old  North  State! 

Here's  to  the  land  where  the  galax  grows. 
Where  the  rhododendron's  rosette  glows. 
Where  soars  Mount  Mitchell's  summit  great. 
In  the  "Land  of  the  Sky,"  in  the  Old  North  State! 

Here's  to  the  land  where  maidens  are  fair. 
Where  friends  are  true  and  cold  hearts  rare. 
The  near  land  ,  the  dear  land,  whatever  fate 
The  blest  land,  the  best  land,  the  Old  North  State! 


State  Motto 

The  General  Assembly  of  1893  (Chapter  145)  adopted  the  words  "Esse  Quam 
Videri"  as  the  states  official  motto.  The  legislators  directed  that  these  words,  along 
with  the  date  "20  May,  1775,"  be  placed  with  North  Carolina's  coat  of  amis  upon  the 
Great  Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina.  "Esse  Quam  Viden"  means  "to  be  rather  than 
to  seem."  Nearly  every  U.S.  state  has  adopted  a  motto,  generally  in  Latin.  North 
Carolinas  motto  is  quoted  from  Cicero's  essay  on  friendship  (Cicero,  de  Amniciiia, 
Chapter  26).  Until  the  1893  act,  North  Carolina  had  no  motto.  It  was  one  of  the  few 
states  which  did  not  have  a  motto  and  the  only  one  of  the  original  thirteen  without 
one. 


38 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS 


CHAPTER    ONE 


The  Emerald  -  North  Carolina  State  Precious  Stone 

The  General  Assembly  of  1973  designated  the  emerald  as  the  official  State  Precious 
Stone  (Session  Laws,  1973,  c.  136).  A  greater  variety  of  minerals,  more  than  300, 
have  been  found  in  North  Carolina  than  in  any  other  state.  These  minerals  include 
some  of  the  most  valuable  and  unique  gems  in  the  world. 

The  largest  emerald  ever  found  in  North  Carolina  was  1,438  carats  and  was 
found  at  Hiddenite,  near  Statesville.  The  Carolina  Emerald,  now  owned  by  Tiffany 
&  Company  of  New  York,  was  also  found  at  Hiddenite  in  1970.  When  cut  to 
13.14  carats,  the  stone  was  valued  at  the  time  at  $100,000  and  became  the  largest 
and  finest  cut  emerald  on  this  continent. 


39 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


The  Chantul  Buss  -  i\ori/t  Carolina  Salt  Water  Fish 

The  General  Assembly  of  1971  designated  the  Channel  Bass  (.Red  Drum)  as  the 
olticial  Stale  Salt  Water  Fish  (Session  laws,  1971,  c.274;  G.S.  145-6).  Channel  bass 
ean  usually  be  found  in  large  numbers  along  the  Tar  Heel  coastal  waters.  The  N.C. 
Division  of  Marine  Fisheries  lists  the  current  state  saltwater  record  and  world  all- 
lackle  record  for  a  red  drum  as  a  94-lb.  specimen  caught  on  Halteras  Island  in 
1984.  Other  channel  bass  taken  off  the  North  Carolina  coast  have  weighed  up  to 
75  pounds,  although  most  large  catches  average  between  30  and  40  pounds.  North 
Carolina  currently  limits  sport  anglers  to  no  more  than  one  channel  bass  longer 
ihan  18  inches  per  day  and  none  over  27  inches.  The  state  does  not  permit  sales  of 
channel  bass  over  27  inches.  Federal  law  currently  prohibits  fishing  for  channel 
bass  any  further  out  than  three  miles  from  the  coast.  The  N.C.  Division  of  Marine 
Fisheries  estimates  that  recreational  anglers  landed  64,782  channel  bass  totaling 
326,573  lbs.  in  1999. 


40 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


The  Scotch  Bonnet  -  North  Carolina  State  Shell 

The  General  Assembly  of  1965  designated  the  Scotch  Bonnet  (pronounced  bonc- 
AY)  as  the  official  State  Shell  (Session  Laws,  1965,  c.  681).  A  colorful  and  bcauiifuliy- 
shaped  shell,  the  Scotch  Bonnet  (Phalium  granulatum)  is  abundant  in  North  Qirohna 
coastal  waters  at  depths  between  500  and  200  feet.  The  best  source  of  live  specimens  is 
from  offshore  commercial  fishermen. 


41 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Tlie  Eastern  Box  Turtle  -  North  Carolina  State  Reptile 

The  General  Assembly  of  1979  designated  the  eastern  box  turtle  as  the  official 
State  Reptile  of  North  Carolina  (Session  Lav/s,  1979,  c.  154).  The  turtle  is  one  of 
natures  most  useful  creatures.  Through  its  dietary  habits  it  helps  control  harmful 
insect  pests.  The  turtle  also  serves  the  state  as  a  clean-up  crew,  helping  to  preserve 
the  purity  and  beauty  of  our  natural  waters. 

The  species,  although  virtually  unchanged  since  prehistoric  times,  is  well- 
adapted  to  modem  environmental  conditions. 


42 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


Granite  -  North  Carolina  State  Rock 

The  General  Assembly  of  1979  designated  granite  as  the  official  State  Rock 
(Session  Laws,  1979,  c.906).  North  Carolina  has  been  blessed  with  an  abundant 
source  of  "the  noble  rock,"  granite.  The  largest  open-face  granite  quarry  in  the  world, 
measuring  one  mile  long  and  1,800  feet  in  width,  lies  near  Mount  Airy  in  Surry 
County.  Granite  from  this  quarry  is  unblemished,  gleaming  and  has  few  interfering 
seams  to  mar  its  splendor.  The  high  quality  of  this  granite  allows  its  widespread 
use  as  a  building  material,  in  both  industrial  and  laboratory  applications  where 
super-smooth  surfaces  are  necessary.  North  Carolina  granite  has  been  used  for  many 
magnihcent  edifices  of  government  throughout  the  United  States  such  as  the  Wrighi 
Brothers  Memorial  at  Kitty  Hawk,  the  gold  depository  at  Fort  Knox,  the  Arlington 
Memorial  Bridge  and  numerous  courthouses  throughout  the  land.  Granite  is  a  symbol 
of  strength  and  steadfastness,  quahties  characteristic  of  North  Carolinians. 


43 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 


Milk  -  North  Carolina  State  Beverage 

The  General  Assembly  of  1987  adopted  milk  as  the  official  State  Beverage  (Session 
Laws,  1987,  c.  347),  In  making  milk  the  official  state  beverage,  North  Carolina 
followed  many  other  states,  including  its  immediate  neighbor  to  the  north,  Virginia, 
and  Wisconsin,  the  nations  number  one  dairy  state.  The  states  dairy  farmers  produced 
127  million  gallons  of  milk  in  1998.  The  annual  mcome  from  this  production 
amounted  to  nearly  $209  million  in  1998.  North  Carolinians  consume  over  143 
million  gallons  of  milk  every  year. 


44 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


The  Shad  Boat  -  North  Carolina  State  Historic  Boat 

The  General  Assembly  of  1987  adopted  the  shad  boat  as  the  official  Stale  Historic 
Boat  (Session  Laws,  1987,  c.  366).  The  shad  boat,  first  developed  on  Roanoke 
Island,  is  known  for  its  unique  crafting  and  high  maneuverability.  The  boats  name 
is  derived  from  the  fish  it  was  used  to  catch  —  the  shad.  Traditional  small  sailing 
craft  were  generally  ill-suited  to  the  waterways  and  weather  conditions  along  the 
North  Carolina  coast.  The  shallow  draft  of  the  shad  boat,  plus  its  speed  and  easy 
handling,  made  it  ideal  for  use  in  the  state's  upper  northeast  sounds  where  the  water 
was  shallow  and  the  weather  changed  rapidly  Shad  boats  were  built  using  name 
trees  such  as  cypress,  juniper,  and  white  cedar,  and  varied  in  length  between  iwcniy- 
two  and  thirty-three  feet.  Construction  was  so  expensive  that  production  of  the 
shad  boat  ended  in  the  1930s,  although  they  were  widely  used  into  the  1950s.  The 
boats  were  so  well  constructed  that  some,  nearly  100  years  old,  are  still  seen  around 
Manteo  and  Hatteras.  The  North  Carolina  Maritime  Museum  in  Beaufort  also  has  a 
shad  boat  in  its  historic  boat  collection. 


45 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


The  Plott  Hound  -  North  Carolina  State  Dog 

The  Plott  hound  was  adopted  as  our  official  State  Dog  on  August  12,  1985 
(Session  Laws  of  North  Carolina,  1989  c.  773;  G.S.  145-13).  The  Plott  hound 
originated  in  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina  around  1750  and  is  the  only  breed 
known  to  have  originated  m  this  state.  Named  for  Jonathon  Plott,  the  German 
immigrant  who  developed  the  breed  as  a  wild  boar  hound,  the  Plott  hound  is  a 
legendary  hunting  dog  known  as  a  courageous  fighter  and  tenacious  tracker.  He  is 
also  a  gentle  and  extremely  loyal  companion  to  North  Carolina's  hunters.  The  Plot! 
hound  is  very  quick,  has  superior  treeing  instincts  and  has  always  been  a  favorite  ol 
big-game  hunters.  The  Plott  hound  has  a  beautiful  brindle-colored  coat  and  a  spine- 
tingling,  bugle-like  call.  It  is  also  only  one  of  four  breeds  known  to  be  of  American 
origin. 


46 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


The  Sweet  Potato  -  North  Carolina  State  Vegetable 

The  General  Assembly  of  1995  designated  the  sweet  potato  as  the  official  State 
Vegetable  (Session  Laws,  1995,  c.521).  A  staple  of  the  traditional  North  Carolina 
diet  since  pre-Columbian  times,  the  sweet  potato  is  a  nutritious  source  of  vitamins 
A  and  C,  as  well  as  being  low  in  fat.  North  Carolina  is  the  largest  producer  of  sweci 
potatoes  m  the  United  States.  According  to  the  N.C.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
North  Carolina  growers  raised  5.88  million  lbs.  of  sweet  potatoes  in  2003.  Thai 
year's  crop  generated  $79  million  in  cash  receipts. 


47 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 

State  Name  and  Nicknames 

In  1629,  King  Charles  I  of  England  "erected  into  a  province,"  all  the  land  from 
Albemarle  Sound  on  the  north  to  the  St.  John's  River  on  the  south,  which  he  directed 
should  be  called  Carolina.  The  word  Carolina  is  from  the  word  Carolus,  the  Latm 
form  of  Charles.  When  Carolina  was  divided  in  1710,  the  southern  part  was  called 
South  Carolina  and  the  older  northern  settlement.  North  Carolma.  From  this  came 
the  nickname  the  "Old  North  State." 

During  its  early  history,  North  Carolina  was  best-known  for  products  derived 
from  pine  trees,  particularly  tar  pitch  and  turpentine,  which  were  crucial  naval  supplies 
in  the  days  of  wooden  sailing  ships.  A  popular  state  legend  holds  that,  during  the 
First  Battle  of  Manassas  m  1861,  a  charge  by  federal  troops  against  part  of  the 
Confederate  army's  lines  broke  through  a  Virginia  regiment,  causing  its  soldiers  to 
flee  to  the  rear  in  panic.  The  North  Carolina  regiments  holding  the  line  next  to  the 
shattered  Virginia  regiment,  however,  held  their  ground,  stemming  the  Union  Army's 
breakthrough. 

After  the  battle  the  North  Carolinians,  who  had  successfully  fought  it  out  alone, 
were  greeted  by  the  chagrined  dereUct  regiment  with  the  question: 

"Any  more  tar  dovjn  in  the  Old.  North  State,  boys?" 

Quick  as  a  flash  came  the  answer: 

"No,  not  a  hit,  old  Jeff's  bought  it  all  up." 

"Is  that  so?  What  is  he  going  to  do  with  it?"  the  Virginians  asked. 

"He  is  going  to  put  it  on  you-uns'  heels  to  make  you  stick  better  in  the  next 
fight!" 

R.B.  Creecy  claims  that  General  Robert  E.  Lee,  upon  hearing  of  the  incident, 
said:  "God  bless  the  Tar  Heel  boys,"  and  that  the  name  stuck  to  all  North  Carolina 
troops  serving  in  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  afterwards.  (Adapted  from 
Grandfather  Tales  of  North  Carolina  by  R.B.  Creecy  and  Histories  of  North  Carolina 
Regiments,  Vol.  Ill,  by  Walter  Clark). 

State  Colors 

The  General  Assembly  of  1945  declared  the  shades  of  red  and  blue  found  in  the 
North  Carolina  state  flag  and  the  United  States  flag  as  the  official  State  Colors. 
(Session  Laws,  1945,  c.878). 


48 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


William  Gaston 
mill  Spirit 


The  Old  North  State 

(Traditional  air  as  sung  in  1926) 


\¥"i  n 


1 .  Car  -    o 

2.  Tho'    she 

3.  Then    let 


^ 


^m 


Collected  and  uTu^ 
by  Mrs.  E.  E.  Rjndolph 


tin 
en 
all 


na! 
vies 
those 


Car  ■ 

not 

who 


S 


m 


tend  her.  While  we 
glo  -  ry.  Say  whose 
live      in.        As 


^^ 


s 


m 


«      $:  S 


live      we     will 
name   stands    the 
hap  -    py       a 


cher  -  ish, 

fore  -most 

re    -  gion 


pro 
in 
as 


/r^ 


tect  and  de 
lib  -  er  -  ty's 
this     side     of 


fend  her  Tho'  the 
slo  -  r)  Tho'  to 
hea  -  ven     Where 


m 


m 


scorn-    er      may 
true      to      her 
plan  -    ty       and 


^ 


sneer  at  and 
self  e'er  to 
peace,   love    and 


wit   -  ling 
crouch    to 
joy    smile 


de 
op 
be 


^m 


fame  her  Still  our 
pres-sion.  Who  can 
fore     us.    Raise 


^^ 


hearts  swell  with 
yield  to  just 
aloud   raise     to  - 


§ 


1        w. 


^ 


^ 


fe 


/r\ 


CHORUS 


name  her. 
mis  -  sion. 
cho  -  rus. 


i 


r 


glad  -  ness  when 
rule  a  more 
geth  -    er      the 


ev  -    er       we 

loy  -    a!      sub 

heart   thrill-  ing 


Hur 


rah! 


Hur  - 


rah! 


the 


S 


^ 


S 


Old 


^ 


^ 


i         g 


> ► 


Vi' 


f 


i 


North  State    for 


i 


• — w^»- 


m 


r\ 


er 


Hur 


rah! 


Hur 


^ 


i 


rah! 


the 


rU. 


$ 


good  Old  North 


Stale 


State  Song 

The  song  known  as  "The  Old  North  State"  was  adopted  as  the  official  song  of 
the  State  of  North  Carolina  by  the  General  Assembly  of  1927.  (Public  Uw< 
C.26;  G.S.  149-1). 


lOT- 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 


The  Carolina  Tartan  —  The  State  Tartan 

North  Carolina  has  long  celebrated  its  historical  and  cultural  ties  to  Scotland. 
Scots  and  Scots-Irish  immigrants  were  crucial  to  the  states  population  and 
development  both  before  and  after  the  American  Revolution.  Much  of  the  state's 
traditional  culture,  especially  music,  has  roots  in  Scots  culture.  The  1991  General 
Assembly  designated  the  Carolina  Tartan  as  the  Official  Tartan  of  North  Carolina. 


V 


50 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


The  Scuppemong  Grape  —  The  State  Fruit 

Plump  and  full  of  juice,  the  scuppemong  grape  is  a  North  Carolina  favonie  and 
is  grown  in  many  parts  of  the  state.  The  2001  General  Assembly  designated  the 
scuppemong  grape  as  the  Official  Fmit  of  North  Carolina. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


The  Blueberry  —  The  State  Blue  Berry 


^ 


52 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ON 


The  Strawberry  --  The  State  Red  Berry 

The  blueberry  and  the  strawberry  are  common  visitors  to  dinner  tables  all  across 
North  Carolina.  The  2001  General  Assembly  designated  the  blueberry  as  the  Official 
State  Blue  Berry  and  the  strawberry  as  the  Official  State  Red  Berry. 


53 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


State  Capitol 

The  North  Carolina  State  Capitol  is  one  of  the  finest  and  best-preserved  examples 
of  Greek  Revival  architecture  incorporated  in  a  civic  building.  Prior  to  1792,  North 
Carolina  legislators  met  in  various  towns  throughout  the  state,  gathering  most 
frequently  in  HaUfax,  Hillsborough  and  New  Bern.  Meetings  were  held  in  local 
plantation  houses,  courthouses  and  even  churches.  When  Raleigh  was  founded  as 
the  permanent  seat  of  North  Carolina's  state  government  m  1792,  a  two-story  brick 
State  House  was  built  on  Union  Square  and  opened  in  1796. 

The  State  House  was  enlarged  between  1820  and  1824  by  state  architect  William 
Nichols.  The  project  added  a  third  floor,  eastern  and  western  wings  and  a  domed 
rotunda  at  the  buildings  center.  The  rotunda  housed  a  statue  of  President  George 
Washington  by  sculptor  Antonio  Canova,  acquired  by  the  state  in  1821.  When  the 
State  House  burned  down  on  June  21,  1831,  the  statue  was  damaged  beyond  repair. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1832-33  ordered  that  a  new  Capitol  be  built  as  an 
enlarged  version  of  the  old  State  House.  The  new  Capitol  would  be  a  cross-shaped 


54 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 

building  with  a  central,  domed  rotunda.  The  assembly  appropriated  $50,000  for 
construction  and  appointed  a  building  committee  to  manage  the  project.  The 
commission  first  hired  William  Nichols,  Jr,.  to  draft  plans  for  the  building.  In 
August  of  1833,  however,  the  committee  replaced  Nichols  with  distinguished  New 
York  architects  Ithiel  Town  and  Alexander  Jackson  Davis.  Town  and  Davis  altered 
the  earlier  design  dramatically  and  developed  a  plan  that  gave  the  Capitol  its  present 
appearance. 

David  Paton  (1802-1882),  an  architect  bom  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  former 
associate  of  the  noted  English  architect  Sir  John  Soane,  was  hired  in  September, 
1834,  to  supervise  construction  of  the  Capitol.  Paton  replaced  Town  and  Davis  as 
the  project  architect  in  early  1835.  The  Capitol  was  completed  under  Paton s  direction, 
except  for  the  exterior  stone  walls,  which  were  largely  in  place  when  he  arrived  in 
Raleigh.  Paton  made  several  modihcations  to  the  Town  and  Davis  plans  for  the 
interior.  Among  the  changes  were  the  cantilevered  gallery  at  the  second  floor  level 
of  the  rotunda,  the  groined  masonry  vaulting  of  the  first  floor  offices  and  corridor 
ceilings,  and  the  interior  arrangement  of  the  east  and  west  porticoes. 

The  new  Capitol's  cornerstone  was  set  in  place  on  July  4,  1833.  After  the  miiial 
foundation  was  laid,  however,  work  on  the  project  progressed  slowly  The  original 
appropriation  for  construction  was  soon  exhausted.  The  next  session  of  the  General 
Assembly  authorized  an  additional  appropriation  of  $75,000  to  continue  work  on 
the  new  Capitol.  This  phase  of  the  project  employed  a  large  number  of  skilled 
artisans  from  Scotland. 

Most  of  the  Capitol's  architectural  details,  including  the  columns,  mouldings, 
ornamental  plasterwork  and  ornamental  honeysuckle  atop  the  dome,  were  carefully 
patterned  after  features  of  Greek  temples.  Its  Doric  exterior  columns  are  modeled 
after  those  of  the  Parthenon.  The  House  of  Representatives  chamber  imitates  the 
semi-circular  plan  of  a  Greek  amphitheater  and  its  architectural  omameniaiion  is 
Corinthian  (Order  of  the  Tower  of  the  Winds).  The  Senate  chamber  follows  the 
Ionic  Order  of  the  Erechtheum.  The  only  non-classical  parts  of  the  building  are  two 
large  rooms  on  the  third  floor  which  were  finished  in  the  Gothic  style  that  was  just 
beginning  to  gain  popularity  in  American  architectural  circles. 

The  ornamental  ironwork,  plasterwork,  chandeliers,  hardware  and  marble- 
mantels  of  the  Capitol  came  from  Philadelphia.  Raleigh  cabinetmaker  William 
Thompson  crafted  the  desks  and  chairs  in  the  House  and  Senate  chambers.  The 
Capitol  was  completed  m   1840  at  a  total  cost  (including  furnishings^  of 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

$532,682.34  —  an  equivalent  of  more  than  three  times  the  states  yearly  general 
revenues  at  the  time. 

The  Capitol  housed  all  of  state  government  until  the  late  1880s.  Today  the 
buildings  only  official  occupants  are  the  governor  and  the  lieutenant  governor.  The 
N.C.  Supreme  Court  moved  to  its  own  building  m  1888  and  in  1963,  the  General 
Assembly  moved  into  the  newly-constructed  Legislative  Building. 

A  thorough  renovation  of  the  Capitol  in  1971  replaced  the  leaky  copper  roof, 
cleaned  and  sealed  the  exterior  stone  and  repainted  the  rotunda.  More  recent 
preservation  efforts  have  focused  on  repairing  plasterwork  damaged  by  roof  leaks, 
replacing  obsolete  wiring  and  plumbing,  installing  new,  less  conspicuous  heating 
and  cooling  systems  in  the  upper  floors,  replacing  worn  carpets  and  draperies  and 
repainting  the  rest  of  the  interior. 

In  1970  the  state  acquired  a  duplicate  of  the  original  marble  statue  of  Washington 
by  Canova,  which  is  located  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol.  In  niches  around  the 
rotunda  are  busts  of  three  North  Carolina  governors  — John  M.  Morehead,  William 
A.  Graham,  and  Samuel  Johnston  —  and  United  States  Senator  Matthew  W  Ransom. 
During  late  1988  and  early  1989,  extensive  landscaping  and  grounds  renovations 
were  undertaken  to  enhance  the  beauty  of  the  Capitol  and  to  improve  its  visibility 
Memorials  to  North  Carolinians  who  served  m  World  War  11  and  the  Vietnam  War 
were  also  added  in  the  1980s  and  1990s.  In  an  effort  to  make  the  Capitol  more 
accessible  to  the  people  of  North  Carolina,  the  building  has  been  opened  to  the 
public  on  weekends  with  guided  tours  available. 


56 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 


Legislative  Building 

In  1959,  the  General  Assembly  appropriated  funds  for  the  construction  of  a 
new  legislative  building.  The  new  facility  was  needed  to  accommodate  a  growing 
legislative  branch  and  provide  adequate  quarters  for  legislators  and  staff.  The  act 
created  a  building  commission  of  seven  people:  two  who  had  served  in  the  N.C. 
Senate  and  were  appointed  by  the  president  of  the  Senate;  two  who  had  ser\'ed  in 
the  N.C.  House  of  Representatives  and  were  appointed  by  the  speaker  of  the 
House;  and  three  appointed  by  the  governor. 

The  commission  chose  Edward  Durell  Stone  of  New  York  and  John  S.  HoUoway 
and  Ralph  B.  Reeves,  Jr.,  of  Raleigh  as  architectural  consultants  for  the  project.  After 
a  thorough  study  the  commission  selected  a  5.5-acre  site  one  block  north  of  the 
Capitol  for  the  new  building.  This  site,  which  encompasses  two  city  blocks,  is 
bounded  by  Jones,  Salisbury  Lane  and  Wilmington  streets.  A  section  of  Halifax 
Street  between  Jones  and  Lane  was  closed  to  tie  the  two  blocks  together.  Bids  on 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

the  new  building  were  received  in  December,  1960,  and  construction  began  in 
early  1961. 

The  1961  General  Assembly  appropriated  an  additional  one  million  dollars  for 
furnishings  and  equipment,  bringing  the  total  appropriation  for  the  new  Legislative 
Building  to  $5.5  million  —  $1.24  for  each  citizen  of  North  Carolina  based  on 
1960  census  figures. 

The  consulting  architects  provided  this  detailed  description  of  the  new  building: 

The  State  Legislative  Building,  though  not  an  imitation  of  historic  classical 
styles,  is  classical  in  character.  Rising  from  a  340-joot  wide  podium  oj  North 
Carolina  granite,  the  building  proper  is  242  feet  square.  The  walls  and  the 
columns  are  oj  Vermont  marble,  the  latter  forming  a  colonnade  encompassing 
the  building  and  reaching  24  feet  from  the  podium  to  the  roof  of  the  second  floor 

Inset  in  the  south  podium  floor,  at  the  main  entrance,  is  a  28  foot  diameter 
terrazzo  mosaic  of  the  Great  Seal  of  the  State.  From  the  first  floor  main  entrance 
(on  Jones  Street)  the  carpeted  22-Joot  wide  main  stair  extends  directly  to  the 
third  floor  and  the  public  galleries  of  the  Senate  and  House,  the  auditorium,  the 
display  area,  and  the  roof  gardens. 

The  Jour  garden  courts  are  located  at  the  corners  oJ  the  building.  These 
courts  contain  tropical  plants  and  three  have  pools,  Jountains  and  hanging 
planters.  The  main  floor  areas  oJ  the  courts  are  located  on  the  first  floor  and 
galleries  overlook  the  courts  from  the  mezzanine  floor  The  skylights,  which 
provide  natural  lighting,  are  located  within  the  rooj  gardens  overhead.  The 
courts  provide  access  to  committee  rooms  in  the  Jirst  floor,  the  legislative  chambers 
in  the  second  floor  and  to  members'  ojjices  in  both  floors. 

The  Senate  and  House  chambers,  each  5,180  square  fleet  in  area,  occupy 
the  east  and  west  wings  oJ  the  second  floor  Following  the  traditional  relationship 
oJ  the  two  chambers  in  the  Capitol,  the  two  spaces  are  divided  by  the  rotunda; 
and  when  the  main  brass  doors  are  open,  the  two  presiding  ojficers  Jace  one 
another  Fach  pair  of  brass  doors  weighs  1,500  pounds. 

The  Jive  pyramidal  roojs  covering  the  Senate  and  House  chambers,  the 
auditorium,  the  main  stair,  and  the  rotunda  are  sheathed  with  copper,  as  is  the 
Capitol.  The  pyramidal  shapes  of  the  roojs  are  visible  in  the  pointed  ceilings 
inside.  The  structural  ribsjorm  a  cojjered  ceiling;  and  inside  the  cojjered  patterns 
are  concentric  patterns  outlined  in  gold.  In  each  chamber,  the  distance  from  the 
floor  to  the  peak  oj  the  ceiling  is  45  jeet. 

Chandeliers  in  the  chambers  and  the  main  stair  are  8  jeet  in  diameter  and 


58 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 

weigh  625  pounds  each.  The  12-joot  diameter  chandelier  oj  the  rotunda,  hke 
the  others,  is  oj  brass,  but  its  weight  is  750  pounds. 

Because  of  the  inteiior  cUmate,  the  garden  courts  and  rotunda  have  tropical 
plants  and  trees.  Outside,  however,  the  shrubs  and  trees  are  oj  an  indigenous 
type.  Among  the  trees  on  the  grounds  and  on  the  roof  areas  are  sugar  maples, 
dogwoods,  crabapples,  magnolias,  crepe  myrtles  and  pines. 

Throughout  the  building,  the  same  color  scheme  is  maintained:  walnut, 
accented  with  white,  gold  and  red,  as  well  as  green  foliage.  In  general,  all  wood 
is  American  walnut,  metal  is  brass  or  similar  material,  carpets  are  red  and 
upholstery  is  gold  or  black. 

The  enclosed  area  consists  of  206,000  square  feet  of  floor  area  with  a  volume 
of  3,210,000  cubic  feet.  Heating  equipment  provides  over  7,000,000  B.T.U.s 
per  hour;  the  cooling  equipment  has  a  capacity  of  620  tons.  For  lighting,  motors 
and  other  electrical  equipment,  the  building  has  a  connected  service  load  of 
over  2,000,000  watts. 

Renovations  to  the  Legislative  Building  in  the  1980s  created  more  office  space 
and  expanded  the  meeting  room  faciUties  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  General  Assembly's 
various  committees.  The  Legislative  Office  Building  opened  across  Jones  Street  from 
the  Legislative  Building  in  1982.  Nearly  half  of  the  members  of  each  house  moved 
to  new  offices  in  the  building,  as  well  as  several  of  the  support  divisions  of  Legislative 
Services. 

The  area  around  the  Legislative  Building  has  changed  dramatically  since  it  opened 
in  the  1960s.  The  west  side  of  the  building  now  opens  onto  a  majestic  plaza  several 
blocks  long  and  ringed  by  government  office  buildings  constructed  in  the  1960s, 
1970s  and  1980s.  The  east  side  of  the  building  now  faces  the  North  CaroUna 
Museum  of  History  and  the  North  Carolina  Museum  of  Natural  Histor)',  which 
opened  in  April,  1999. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Executive  Mansion 

North  Carolina  has  not  always  provided  an  official  home  for  its  governors  and 
their  families.  Prior  to  1770,  the  governor  lived  wherever  he  chose  at  his  own 
expense.  It  was  not  until  1767  that  the  General  Assembly  authorized  the  construction 
of  the  first  permanent  official  residence.  Designed  by  English  architect  John  Hawks 
and  built  between  1767  and  1770,  Tryon  Palace  m  New  Bern,  named  for  Royal 
Governor  William  Tryon,  became  one  of  the  most  admired  public  structures  in 
North  America.  Tryon  Palace,  however,  served  as  a  formal  gubernatorial  residence 
for  only  a  short  time.  Abandoned  by  Tryon  when  the  Revolution  erupted,  the  palace 
was  adopted  as  the  new  state's  capitol.  A  fire  m  1798  leveled  the  entire  structure 
except  for  the  west  wing.  The  present  structure,  a  popular  historic  attraction  in  its 
own  right,  is  largely  a  1950  reconstruction  based  on  Hawks'  original  plans,  as  well 
as  archaeological  research. 

Shortly  after  Raleigh  was  selected  as  the  permanent  seat  of  state  government  in 
1792,  the  legislature  enacted  a  law  requiring  the  governor  to  reside  there.  Samuel 


60 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS         CHAPTER    ONE 

Ashe  of  New  Hanover  County,  elected  in  1794,  was  the  first  governor  to  come 
under  this  law.  Ashe  was  reluctant  to  undertake  the  construction  of  a  new 
gubernatorial  residence.  "(It)  was  never  supposed  that  a  Man  annually  elected  to  the 
Chief  Magistracy  would  commit  such  folly  as  to  attempt  the  building  of  a  House  at 
the  seat  of  Government  in  which  he  might  for  a  time  reside,"  he  wrote  in  a  letter  lo 
the  legislature.  The  General  Assembly  committee  addressed  by  Ashes  letter  assured 
him  that  the  law,  enacted  before  he  was  elected  governor,  could  be  considered  "as  a 
condition  under  the  encumbrance  of  which  he  accepted  the  appointment." 

The  General  Assembly  took  steps  to  provide  a  suitable  dwelling  for  the  stales 
chief  executive.  It  instructed  the  state  treasurer  to  purchase  or  lease  a  house.  In 
1797,  a  plain,  two-story  frame  building  painted  white  and  an  office  for  the  governor 
were  erected  on  Lot  131,  the  southwest  comer  of  Fayetteville  and  Hargett  Streets. 
The  house  proved  hopelessly  inadequate.  In  an  1810  letter,  Governor  Benjamin 
Smith  grumbled  that  the  structure  was  "in  such  order  that  it  is  agreed  by  all  who 
view  it,  not  to  be  fit  for  the  family  of  a  decent  tradesman,  and  certainly  none  could 
be  satisfied;  even  if  safe  in  it..." 

To  remedy  this  situation,  the  General  Assembly  of  1813  appointed  a  committee 
to  provide  better  facihties.  The  committee  members  selected  a  site  at  the  foot  of 
Fayetteville  Street  facing  the  old  State  House.  An  elaborate  brick  structure  with  whiie- 
columned  porticoes  was  completed  in  1816  and  Governor  William  Miller  became 
the  first  occupant  of  the  Governor's  Palace. 

Twenty  succeeding  governors  resided  in  the  "Palace,"  as  it  came  to  be  cynically 
termed.  Many  of  the  states  most  notable  historical  events  took  place  there.  General 
Lafayette  was  an  overnight  guest  in  1825.  Several  sessions  of  the  General  Assembly 
were  held  in  the  building  following  the  burning  of  the  State  House  in  1831. 

Zebulon  Baird  Vance  was  the  last  governor  to  occupy  the  structure,  abandoning 
it  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  to  avoid  capture  by  the  Union  Army  General  William 
T  Sherman  and  his  staff  were  quartered  in  the  palace  during  the  spring  of  1865. 
The  unwelcome  guests  undoubtedly  injured  the  pride  of  local  citizens,  but  caused 
only  minor  damage  to  the  palace  itself. 

Years  of  neglect,  however,  had  made  the  palace  unattractive  to  governors  and 
their  families.  During  the  Reconstruction  period  until  the  completion  of  the  present 
Mansion  in  1891,  chief  executives  and  their  families  rented  houses  or  hotel  rooms 
m  Raleigh.  Two  governors  of  the  period  simply  continued  to  live  in  their  own 
homes.  From  1871  to  1891,  a  noted  Raleigh  hotel,  the  Yarborough  House,  served 
as  the  unofficial  residence  for  several  governors. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 

Governor  Vance  was  re-elected  to  office  in  1877.  In  1879,  a  commission 
appointed  two  years  earlier  by  the  General  Assembly  to  investigate  the  possibilities 
of  providing  a  suitable  residence  for  North  Carolina's  governors  issued  a  report  of 
its  findings.  Proceeds  from  the  sales  of  unused  state  lands  in  the  Raleigh  area  were 
earmarked  for  construction  of  a  house  and  outbuildings  suitable  for  the  governor. 

The  General  Assembly  finally  approved  the  decision  to  build  the  present  Executive 
Mansion  m  1883,  thanks  to  the  efforts  and  perseverance  of  Governor  Thomas  J. 
Jarvis  (1879-1885).  The  legislature  authorized  construction  of  a  house  on  Burke 
Square,  provided  some  furnishings  and  required  the  governor  to  occupy  it  upon  its 
completion.  The  assembly  directed  the  governor  to  use  convict  labor  and  building 
materials  "manufactured  or  prepared,  either  in  whole  or  in  part"  at  the  penitentiary 
whenever  feasible. 

The  penitentiary  board,  realizing  the  law  required  it  to  furnish  the  major  portion 
of  labor  and  materials  for  the  Executive  Mansion,  authorized  the  warden  to  make  a 
contract  for  $25,000.  The  Council  of  State  accepted  this  arrangement.  Two  months 
after  passage  of  the  bill,  the  Council  of  State  met  with  the  governor  to  discuss 
financing  the  project.  Expenditures  were  not  to  exceed  the  funds  available  and  money 
spent  by  the  governor  and  council  was  to  be  placed  m  an  itemized  account  under 
the  strict  supervision  of  the  state  auditor. 

David  Paton,  who  had  supervised  the  completion  of  the  state  capitol  nearly  half 
a  centuiy  earlier,  was  initially  recommended  as  the  projects  architect.  Because  of  the 
architects  advanced  age,  however,  he  was  passed  over  for  the  assignment.  The  council 
selected  Samuel  Sloan  of  Philadelphia  and  his  assistant,  Gustavois  Adolphus  Bauer, 
as  project  architects.  Sloan  delivered  his  proposed  designs  to  the  committee 
personally  when  he  arrived  m  Raleigh  on  April  28,  1883.  The  plans  called  for  a 
three-story.  Queen  Anne-style  building.  On  May  7,  the  committee  accepted  Sloans 
designs  with  minor  modifications. 

Using  inmate  labor  and  materials  produced  at  the  state  penitentiary  proved  not 
to  be  as  frugal  an  idea  as  state  officials  first  thought.  In  November,  1889,  before  the 
mansion  was  even  occupied,  repair  and  preservation  work  had  already  begun  with 
"certain  exterior  and  interior  painting"  of  the  woodwork.  Most  contemporary 
accounts  of  the  newly-completed  mansion  emphasized  its  deplorable  condition, 
including  cheap  plumbing  and  dirt  used  as  soundproofing  beneath  floors.  The 
third  floor  and  basement  had  been  left  unfinished. 

The  mansion  was  finished  m  late  1890,  but  Governor  Daniel  Fowle  (1889- 
1891)  did  not  move  in  until  early  January,  1891.  He  was  particularly  anxious  to 


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NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS  CHAPTER    ONE 

occupy  the  house  in  view  of  earlier  attempts  to  abandon  it  as  a  residence  lor  mc 
governor.  Fowle  brought  his  own  furniture  to  the  mansion,  setting  a  precedent 
followed  for  many  years  before  the  house  was  adequately  furnished.  Much  of  the 
money  originally  set  aside  to  furnish  the  mansion  had  been  siphoned  off  to  cover 
mounting  construction  costs. 

Elias  Carr  was  the  first  governor  to  live  m  the  mansion  for  a  full  tour-year  term 
(1893-1897).  Like  his  predecessors,  he  found  the  house  in  need  of  furnishings 
and  repairs.  The  legislature  allocated  funds  in  February  1893,  to  complete  the 
mansion  and  make  interior  improvements.  Two  years  later,  another  appropriation 
made  landscaping  the  grounds  possible. 

Shortly  after  the  inauguration  of  Governor  Daniel  Russell  (1897-1901),  the 
General  Assembly  appointed  a  committee  to  examine  the  mansion  and  recommend 
needed  alterations.  The  committee  found  that  minor  repairs  were  needed  and  promptly 
introduced  a  resolution  to  provide  the  necessary  money.  In  March,  1897,  an 
appropriation  of  $600  was  allotted  for  the  mansions  upkeep. 

As  frequently  seemed  the  case  with  new  governors,  Thomas  Bickett's  term  (1917- 
1921)  began  with  an  inspection  of  the  mansion  and  recommendations  for 
improvement.  Mrs.  Bickett  submitted  suggestions  for  interior  renovations  by 
architect  James  A.  Salter,  along  with  his  estimates  of  the  cost  of  the  proposed 
renovations.  As  preparations  were  made  for  Governor  Angus  W.  McLeans  residence 
in  the  mansion  (1925-1929),  the  previous  renovations  were  pronounced 
inadequate.  Sentiment  for  removing  the  house  and  landscaping  Burke  Square  as  a 
public  park  was  once  again  aroused.  Secretary  of  State  W.  N.  Everett  halted  the 
movement.  He  had  made  his  own  examination  and  reported  that  major  repairs 
were  needed  to  provide  the  governor  with  a  comfortable  dwelling.  Everett  suggested 
a  sum  of  $50,000  for  repairs  and  new  furnishings.  Although  this  action  was  taken 
without  McLeans  knowledge,  upon  learning  of  it,  he  soon  became  active  in  seeking 
the  appropriation. 

Their  case  was  strengthened  by  a  State  Board  of  Health  inspection  report  issued 
in  February,  1925,  shortly  after  McLeans  inauguration.  The  inspection  report  was 
starding,  noting  that  the  management  of  a  hotel  receiving  such  a  bad  rating  would 
be  subject  to  criminal  indictment.  The  principal  deductions  in  scoring  were  for 
uncleanliness.  Dust  pervaded  the  mansion,  covering  the  woodwork,  filming  the 
furniture  and  stifling  the  air.  Governor  Fowle's  contemporaries  had  described  clouds 
of  dust  billowing  up  from  the  floor  with  every  footstep.  The  first  floor  walls  and 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

floors  were  unsound  and  the  ornate  plasterwork  was  disintegrating  m  some  areas. 
The  upstau-s  floors,  composed  of  uneven,  shoddy  boards,  had  half-inch  cracks. 

The  architectural  Arm  of  Atwood  and  Nash  carried  out  extensive  renovations  to 
the  mansion.  Their  work  vastly  improved  the  mansion,  saving  it  from  further 
deterioration  and  correcting  many  of  the  defects  caused  by  the  use  of  prison  labor 
and  materials  in  the  original  construction.  A  newspaper  account,  lauding  Governor 
McLeans  accomplishments,  claimed  that  renovating  a  building  considered  eligible 
for  demolition  had  saved  the  state  more  than  a  third  of  a  million  dollars. 

Later  administrations  made  further  improvements  to  the  mansion.  An  elevator 
was  installed,  air  conditioning  units  were  placed  in  some  rooms  and  a  bomb  shelter 
was  added  during  Governor  Luther  H.  Hodges'  term  (1954-1961).  Mrs.  Terry 
Sanford  added  many  antique  furnishings  during  her  husbands  term  of  office  (1961- 
1965). 

A  legislative  appropriation  of  $58,000  in  the  late  1960s  financed  renovation  of 
the  institutional  kitchen  facilities,  providing  a  new  food  freezer,  expansion  of  the 
food  preparation  area  to  the  basement  and  a  dumbwaiter-conveyor  belt  system  to 
move  trays  from  the  first  floor.  Extension  of  the  garage  area,  landscaping  and  lighting 
of  the  grounds  contributed  to  the  efficiency  and  beauty  of  the  mansion.  For  added 
security,  a  decorative  brick  and  wrought  iron  wall  was  constructed  around  the 
perimeter  of  Burke  Square  in  early  1969. 

In  May,  1973,  the  General  Assembly  ordered  another  round  of  repairs.  This 
renovation  was  the  most  extensive  in  the  history  of  the  Executive  Mansion.  The 
General  Assemblies  of  1973  and  1975  appropriated  $845,000  to  complete  the 
project.  Governor  James  E.  Holshouser,  Jr. ,  and  his  family  moved  out  of  the  mansion 
to  a  temporary  home  in  the  Foxcroft  subdivision  of  Raleigh  for  eight  months  while 
interior  renovations  were  carried  out  by  F  Carter  Williams,  a  local  architectural 
firm.  Today,  North  Carolinas  Executive  Mansion  draws  50,000  visitors  each  year. 


Original  state  symbols  art  work  by  Angela  Davis. 
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NORTH    CAROLINA'S    STATE    SYMBOLS 


CHAPTER    ONE 


65 


(/*•■■ 


North  Carolina's  Beginnings 

North  Carolinas  history  began  thousands  of  years  ago  as  Native  American  tribes 
settled  throughout  the  state.  Pre-Columbian  Native  American  history  in  North 
Carolina  was,  of  course,  unwritten.  But  the  states  first  inhabitants  left  behind  tangible 
signs  of  their  existence,  including  sites  as  large  and  impressively  engineered  as  the 
Town  Creek  Mound  in  Montgomery  County. 

North  Carolina  was  an  important  boundary  area  between  different  Native 
American  cultural  areas,  tribes  and  language  stocks.  The  Algonquian-speaking  tribes 
of  northeastern  North  CaroUnas  Albemarle  Sound  region  constituted  the  southern 
extremity  of  Eastern  Woodlands  culture.  Further  inland,  Iroquoian  and  Siouan- 
speaking  tribes  such  as  the  Tuscarora  and  the  Catawba  were  more  oriented  toward 
the  Southeastern  cultural  tradition.  North  Carolinas  mountains  were  the  homeland 
of  the  Cherokee  tribe,  Iroquoian  speakers  who  would  be  driven  from  North 
Carolina,  save  for  a  small  remnant,  during  the  winter  of  1838-39  by  federal  troops. 
Those  Cherokee  who  survived  the  "Trail  of  Tears"  settled  in  what  later  became 
Oklahoma.  The  descendents  of  those  Cherokee  who  managed  to  avoid  capture  and 
relocation  still  live  today  in  their  mountain  homeland  and  are  knowTi  as  the  Eastern 
Band  of  the  Cherokee  Nation. 

First  European  Contacts 

The  first  known  European  exploration  of  North  Carolina  occurred  during  the 
summer  of  1524.  A  Florentine  navigator  named  Giovanni  da  Verrazano,  in  the 
service  of  France,  explored  the  coastal  area  of  North  Carohna  between  the  Cape 
Fear  River  area  and  Kitty  Hawk.  A  report  of  his  findings  was  sent  to  Francis  I,  and 
published  m  Richard  Hakluyts  Divers  Voyages  touching  the  Discovcric  oj  Amcnca. 
No  attempt  was  made  to  colonize  the  area.  Between  1540  and  1570  several  Spanish 
explorers  from  the  Florida  Gulf  region  explored  portions  of  North  Carolina,  but 
again  no  permanent  settlements  were  established. 

Coastal  North  Carolina  was  the  scene  of  the  first  attempt  by  English-speaking 
people  to  colonize  North  America.  Two  colonies  were  begun  in  the  1580s  under  a 
charter  granted  by  Queen  Elizabeth  to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh.  The  first  colony  established 
m  1585  under  the  leadership  of  Ralph  Lane,  ended  in  failure.  A  second  expediiion 
under  the  leadership  of  John  White  began  in  the  spring  of  1587  when  1 10  seiilcrs, 
including  seventeen  women  and  nine  children,  set  sail  for  the  new  world.  The 
White  Colony  arrived  near  Hatteras  m  June,  1587,  and  went  on  to  Roanoke  Island. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

where  they  found  ihc  houses  buili  by  Ralph  Lanes  expedition  still  standing.  Two 
significant  events  occurred  shortly  after  the  colonists'  arrival  —  two  Iriendly  hidians 
were  baptized  and  a  child  was  born.  Virginia  Dare  was  the  first  child  born  to  English- 
speaking  parents  in  the  new  world. 

The  colonists  faced  many  problems.  With  supplies  running  short,  White  was 
pressured  to  return  to  England  for  provisions.  Once  m  England,  White  was  unable 
to  immediately  return  to  Roanoke  because  of  the  impending  attack  by  the  Spanish 
Armada.  When  he  was  finally  able  to  return  m  1590,  he  found  only  the  abandoned 
remnants  of  what  was  once  a  thriving  settlement.  There  were  no  signs  of  life,  only 
the  word  "CROATAN"  carved  on  a  nearby  tree.  Much  speculation  has  been  made 
about  the  fate  of  the  ''Lost  Colony,"  but  no  one  has  successfully  explained  the 
disappearance  of  the  colony  and  its  settlers. 

Pennanent  Settlement 

The  hrst  permanent  English  settlers  m  North  Carolina  emigrated  from  the 
Tidewater  area  of  southeastern  Virginia.  The  hrst  ol  these  "overflow"  settlers  moved 
into  the  area  of  the  Albemarle  Sound  m  northeast  North  Carolina  around  1650. 

In  1663,  Charles  II  granted  a  charter  to  eight  English  noblemen  who  had  helped 
him  regain  the  throne  of  England.  The  charter  document  contains  the  tollowing 
description  of  the  territory  which  the  eight  Lords  Proprietor  were  granted  title  to: 

"A//  i\\ai  Tcrntorv  or  tract  of  ground,  situate,  lying,  and  hcmg  withm  our 
Donimions  in  AnKrka,  extending  from  the  North  end  of  the  Island  called  Luck 
Island,  which  lies  in  the  Southern  Virginia  Seas  and  within  six  and  Thirty 
degrees  of  the  Northern  Latitude,  and  to  the  West  as  jar  as  the  South  Seas;  and 
so  Southerh  as  far  as  the  River  Saint  Mathias,  which  borders  upon  the  Coast  oj 
Florida,  and  within  one  and  Thirty  degrees  oj  Northern  Latitude,  and  West  in  a 
direct  line  as  far  as  the  South  Seas  aforesaid;  Together  with  all  and  singular 
Ports,  Harbours,  Bays,  Rivers,  Isles,  and  Islets  belonging  Into  the  Country 
aforesaid;  And  also,  all  the  Sod,  Lands,  Fields,  Woods,  Mountains,  Farnis, 
Lakes,  Rivers,  Bays,  and  Islets  situate  or  being  within  the  Bounds  or  Limits 
aforesaid;  with  the  Fishing  of  all  sorts  of  Fish,  Whales,  Sturgeons,  and  all  other 
Royal  Fishes  m  the  Sea,  Bays,  Islets,  and  Rivers  within  the  premises,  and  the 
Fish  therein  taken; 

And  moreover,  all  Veins,  Mines,  and  Quarries,  as  well  discovered  as  not 
discovered,  of  Gold,  Silver,  Gems,  and  precious  Stones,  and  all  other,  whatsoever 
be  it,  of  Stones,  Metals,  or  any  other  thing  whatsoever  jound  or  to  be  jound 
within  the  Country,  Isles,  luuI  Limits  ...." 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     BEGINNINGS  CHAPTER    TWO 

The  territory  was  to  be  called  "Carolina"  in  honor  of  Charles  I.  In  1665,  a 
second  charter  was  granted  in  order  to  clarify  territorial  questions  not  answered  in 
the  ftrst  charter.  This  charter  extended  the  boundary  lines  of  Carolina  to  include: 
"All  that  Province,  Territory,  or  Tract  of  ground,  situate,  lying,  and  being 
within  our  Dominions  of  America  aforesaid,  extending  North  and  Eastward  as 
far  as  the  North  end  of  Carahtuke  River  or  Gullet;  upon  a  straight  Westerly 
line  to  Wyonoake  Creek,  which  lies  within  or  about  the  degrees  of  thirtv  six  and 
thirty  Minutes,  Northern  latitude,  and  so  West  in  a  direct  line  as  Jar  as  the 
South  Seas;  and  South  and  Westward  as  far  as  the  degrees  oj  twenty  nine, 
inclusive,  northern  latitude;  and  so  West  in  a  direct  line  as  Jar  as  the  South 
eas. 

Between  1663  and  1729,  North  Carolina  was  under  the  near-absolute  control 
of  the  Lords  Proprietor  and  their  descendants.  The  small  group  commissioned 
colonial  officials  and  authorized  the  governor  and  his  council  to  grant  lands  in  the 
name  of  the  Lords  Proprietor.  In  1669,  philosopher  John  Locke  wrote  the 
Fundamental  Constitutions  as  a  model  for  the  government  of  Carolina.  Albemarle 
County  was  di\ided  into  local  governmental  units  called  precincts.  Initially  there 
were  three  precincts  —  Berkley,  Carteret,  and  Shaftesbur)'  —  but  as  the  colony 
expanded  to  the  south  and  west,  new  precincts  were  created.  By  1729,  there  were  a 
total  of  eleven  precincts  —  six  in  Albemarle  County  and  five  in  Bath  County,  which 
had  been  created  in  1696.  Although  the  Albemarle  Region  was  the  first  permanent 
settlement  in  the  CaroUna  area,  another  populated  region  soon  developed  around 
present-day  Charleston,  South  CaroHna.  Because  of  the  natural  harbor  and  easier 
access  to  trade  with  the  West  Indies,  more  attention  was  given  to  developing  the 
Charleston  area  than  her  northern  counterparts.  For  a  twenty-year  period,  1692- 
1712,  the  colonies  of  North  and  South  Carolina  existed  as  one  unit  of  government. 
Although  North  Carolina  still  had  her  own  assembly  and  council,  the  governor  of 
Carolina  resided  in  Charleston  and  a  deputy  governor  was  appointed  for  North 
Carolina. 

Royal  Colony 

In  1729,  seven  of  the  Lords  Proprietor  sold  their  interest  m  North  Carolina  lo 
the  crown  and  North  CaroUna  became  a  royal  colony  The  eighth  proprietor.  Lord 
Granville,  retained  economic  interest  and  continued  granting  land  in  ihc  northern 
half  of  North  Carolina.  The  crown  supervised  all  political  and  adminisiraiive 
functions  m  the  colony  until  1775. 

Colonial  government  m  North  Carolina  changed  little  between  the  proprietary 
and  royal  periods,  the  only  major  difference  being  who  appointed  colonial  oflicials. 
There  were  two  primary  units  of  government  —  the  governor  and  his  council  and  a 
colonial  assembly  whose  representatives  were  elected  by  the  qualified  \'Olers  of  the 
county  Colonial  courts,  unlike  today's  courts,  rarely  involved  themselves  in 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

formulating  govcrnmcnlal  policy.  All  colonial  officials  were  appointed  by  either  the 
Lords  Proprietor  prior  to  1 729  or  by  the  crown  afterwards.  Members  of  the  colonial 
assembly  were  elected  from  the  various  precincts  (counties)  and  from  certain  towns 
which  had  been  granted  representation.  The  term  '^precmct"  as  a  geographical  unit 
ceased  to  exist  after  1735.  These  areas  became  fcnown  as  "counties"  and  about  the 
same  time  "Albemarle  County"  and  "Bath  County"  ceased  to  exist  as  governmental 
units. 

The  governor  was  an  appointed  ofhcial,  as  were  the  colonial  secretary,  attorney 
general,  surveyor  general  and  the  receiver  general.  All  ofhcials  ser\'ed  at  the  pleasure 
of  the  Lords  Proprietor  or  the  crown.  The  council  sen'ed  as  an  advisory  group  to 
the  governor  during  the  proprietary  and  royal  periods,  m  addition  to  ser\dng  as  the 
upper  house  of  the  legislature  when  the  assembly  was  in  session.  When  vacancies 
occurred  in  colonial  ofhces  or  on  the  council,  the  governor  was  authorized  to  cany 
out  all  mandates  of  the  proprietors  and  could  make  a  temporaiy  appointment  until 
the  vacancy  was  hlled  by  proprietary  or  royal  commission.  One  member  of  the 
council  was  chosen  as  president  of  the  group  and  many  council  members  were  also 
colonial  ofhcials.  If  a  governor  or  deputy  governor  was  unable  to  cdrry  on  as  chief 
executive  because  of  illness,  death,  resignation  or  absence  from  the  colony,  the 
president  of  the  council  became  the  chief  executive  and  exercised  all  powers  of  the 
governor  until  the  governor  returned  or  a  new  governor  was  commissioned. 

The  colonial  assembly  was  made  up  of  men  elected  from  each  precinct  and 
town  where  representation  had  been  granted.  Not  all  counties  were  entitled  to  the 
same  number  of  representatives.  Many  of  the  older  counties  had  five  representatives 
each,  while  those  formed  after  1696  were  each  allowed  only  two.  Each  town  granted 
representation  was  allowed  one  representative.  The  presiding  officer  of  the  colonial 
assembly  was  called  the  speaker  and  was  elected  from  the  entire  membership  of  the 
house.  When  a  vacancy  occurred,  a  new  election  was  ordered  by  the  speaker  to  liU 
It.  On  the  final  day  of  each  session,  bills  passed  by  the  legislature  were  signed  by 
both  the  speaker  and  the  president  of  the  council. 

The  colonial  assembly  could  meet  only  when  it  was  called  into  session  by  the 
governor.  Since  the  assembly  was  the  only  body  authorized  to  grant  the  governor 
his  salary  and  spend  tax  monies  raised  m  the  colony,  it  met  on  a  regular  basis  until 
just  before  the  Revolutionary  War.  There  was,  however,  a  constant  struggle  lor 
authority  betv/een  the  governor  and  his  council  on  the  one  hand  and  the  general 
assembly  on  the  other.  Two  ot  the  most  explosive  issues  involved  fiscal  control  ot 
the  colony's  revenues  and  the  election  ot  treasurers.  Both  were  privileges  ol  the 
assembly.  The  question  of  who  had  the  authority  to  create  new  counties  also 
simmered  throughout  the  colonial  period.  On  more  than  one  occasion,  elected 
representatives  from  counties  created  by  the  governor  and  council  without  consulting 
the  lower  house  were  refused  seats  until  the  matter  was  resolved.  These  conflicts 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     BEGINNINGS  CHAPTER    TWO 

between  the  executive  and  legislative  bodies  were  to  have  a  profound  effect  on  the 
organization  of  state  government  after  independence. 

The  Struggle  for  Independence 

On  April  12,  1776,  North  Carolina  authorized  its  delegates  to  the  Continental 
Congress  to  vote  for  independence.  This  was  the  first  official  call  for  independence 
from  any  of  the  colonies.  The  83  delegates  present  in  Halifax  at  the  Fourth  Provincial 
Congress  unanimously  adopted  the  Halifax  Resolves,  which  indicted  the  colony's 
royalist  government  in  blunt  fashion: 

The  Select  Committee,  taking  into  Consideration  the  usurpations  and  violence 
attempted  and  committed  by  the  King  and  Parliament  of  Britain  against  America, 
and  the  further  measures  to  he  taken  for  frustrating  the  same,  and  for  the  better 
defense  of  this  province  reported  as  follows,  to  wit, 

It  appears  to  your  Committee  that  pursuant  to  the  Plan  concerted  bv  the 
British  Ministry  for  subjugating  America,  the  King  and  Parliament  of  Great 
Britain  have  usurped  a  Power  over  the  Persons  and  Property  of  the  People 
unlimited  and  uncontrolled  and  disregarding  their  humble  Petitions  for  Peace, 
Liberty  and  Safety,  have  made  divers  Legislative  Acts,  denouncing  War,  Famine 
and  every  Species  of  Calamity  daily  employed  in  destroying  the  People  and 
committing  the  nwst  horrid  devastation  on  the  Country.  That  Governors  in 
different  Colonies  have  declared  Protection  to  slaves  who  should  imbrue  their 
Hands  in  the  Blood  of  their  Masters.  That  the  Ships  belonging  to  America  are 
declared  prizes  of  War  and  many  of  them  have  been  violently  seized  and 
confiscated  in  consequence  of  which  multitudes  of  the  people  have  been  destroyed 
or  from  easy  Circumstances  reduced  to  the  most  Lamentable  distress. 

And  whereas  the  moderation  hitherto  manifested  by  the  United  Stales  and 
their  sincere  desire  to  be  reconciled  to  the  mother  Country  on  Constitutional 
Principles,  have  procured  no  mitigation  of  the  aforesaid  wrongs  and  usurpations 
and  no  hopes  remain  of  obtaining  redress  by  those  Means  alone  which  have  been 
hitherto  tried,  Your  Committee  are  of  the  Opinion  that  the  house  should  enter 
into  the  following  Resolve,  to  wit. 

Resolved  that  the  delegates  for  this  Colony  in  the  Continental  Congress  he 
empowered  to  concur  with  the  other  delegates  of  the  other  colonics  in  declaring 
Independence,  and  forming  foreign  Alliances,  resolving  to  this  Colony  the  Sole, 
and  Exclusive  right  of  forming  a  Constitution  and  Laws  for  this  Colony,  and  of 
appointing  delegates  from  time  to  time  under  the  direction  of  a  General 
Representation  thereof  to  meet  the  delegates  of  the  other  Colonies  for  such 
purposed  as  shall  be  hereafter  pointed  out... 

The  Hahfax  Resolves  were  important  because  they  were  the  first  official  action 
calling  for  independence  from  Britain  and  they  were  directed  at  all  of  the  colonies 
that  had  taken  up  arms  against  the  crown.  Virginia  followed  with  her  own 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

recommendations  soon  atier  the  adopUon  of  the  Halifax  Resolves  and  on  July  4, 
delegates  at  the  Continental  Congress  meeting  m  Philadelphia  signed  the  final  draft 
o{  the  Declaration  oi  hidependence,  North  Carolinians  William  Hooper,  Joseph 
Hewes  and  John  Penn  among  them.  In  early  December,  1776,  delegates  to  the  Fifth 
ProN'incial  Congress  adopted  the  first  constitution  for  North  Carolina.  On  December 
21,  1776,  Richard  Caswell  became  the  first  governor  of  North  Carolina  under  the 
new  constitution. 

Early  Statehood 

On  November  21,  1789,  the  state  adopted  the  United  States  Constitution, 
becoming  the  twelfth  state  to  enter  the  federal  union.  In  1788,  North  Carolina  had 
rejected  the  Constitution  because  it  lacked  the  necessary  amendments  to  ensure 
freedom  of  the  people.  The  Bill  of  Rights  satisfied  the  concerns  of  antifederalists 
enough  to  ensure  the  states  adoption  of  the  Constitution  a  year  later. 

State  Constitution  of  1835 

The  convention  opened  on  June  4,  1835,  m  Raleigh.  The  new  constitution 
proMded  for  popular  election  of  the  go\'ernor,  as  well  as  fixing  the  governors  term 
in  office  to  two  years  per  term  and  no  more  than  two  consecutive  terms.  It  established 
a  more  equitable  method  of  representation  m  the  General  Assembly.  The  new 
constitution  fixed  the  terms  of  several  offices  m  the  Council  of  State,  equalized  the 
poll  tax,  banned  the  legislature  from  considering  private  bills,  established  new 
legislative  procedures  for  divorce  and  other  matters  of  civil  law  and  created  a  new 
structure  for  impeaching  public  officials.  The  new  state  constitution  also  created  a 
mechanism  that  would  allow  successive  General  Assembly  sessions  to  propose 
constitutional  amendments  for  popular  ratification.  The  Constitution  of  1835  passed 
when  submitted  to  a  popular  referendum. 

The  Drift  Toward  War 

North  Carolina  was  not  a  leader  m  talk  of  Southern  secession  as  the  mid- 1800s 
came  to  a  close.  A  popular  referendum  held  m  February,  1861,  on  whether  to  call  a 
convention  on  secession  was  defeated  by  a  very  slim  margin.  Many  ot  North 
Carolmas  political  leaders  looked  for  ways  to  mediate  between  the  Union  and  the 
emerging  Confederacy,  to  settle  the  secession  C(uestion  peacetuUy  But  news  that 
Confederate  troops  had  seized  Ft.  Sumter  m  Charleston  Harbor  and  President 
Lincoln's  call  for  militia  troops  from  North  Carolina  to  assist  m  putting  dov\-n  the 
incipient  rebellion  ended  most  North  Carolinians'  reluctance  to  choose  sides  m  the 
conflict.  The  state  seceded  from  the  Union  in  May,  1861. 

Once  a  member  oi  the  Confederacy,  however.  North  Carolina  provided  more 
than  its  fair  share  of  manpower  and  other  resources  to  the  war  effort.  One  out  of 
ever)'  four  Confederate  battle  casualties  was  a  North  Carolinian.  Union  forces  seized 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     BEGINNINGS  CHAPTER    TWO 

much  of  the  Outer  Banks  and  northeastern  North  CaroUna  in  1862,  leading  lo 
constant,  small-scale  warfare  m  that  region  until  the  end  of  the  conflict. 

One  of  the  last  major  battles  of  the  war  occurred  in  March,  1865,  at  Bentomille, 
where  Confederate  troops  under  the  command  of  Joseph  E.  Johnston  tried  to  smash 
the  left  wing  of  Union  Gen.  William  Tecumseh  Sherman's  army.  Instead,  Johnston's 
troops  hammered  at  the  Union  lines  for  nearly  three  days  in  some  of  the  worst 
combat  of  the  war.  Unable  to  break  the  Union  Army  Johnston  retreated  through 
Raleigh  and  surrendered  his  remaining  troops  near  Durham  on  April  18. 

Engulfed  by  a  war  not  of  its  making  or  choosing.  North  Carolina  suffered 
terribly  At  the  end  of  the  war,  property  damage  throughout  the  state  was  immense. 
The  loss  of  lives  on  battlehelds  m  Virginia,  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania  left  many 
families  grieving. 

Constitution  of  1868 

The  Constitution  of  1868  provided  for  universal  male  suffrage.  State  and  county 
officials  would  henceforth  be  elected  by  popular  vote  and  the  terms  for  governor 
and  lieutenant  governor  were  extended  to  four  years.  Most  of  the  state's  judges 
would  likewise  be  elected  by  popular  vote  to  eight-year  terms.  The  new  state 
constitution  created  extensive  public  services  for  North  Carolinians  with  disabilities, 
provided  for  public  orphanages  and  improved  public  access  to  higher  education. 
North  Carolinians  could  no  longer  be  imprisoned  for  debt  under  the  new  slate 
constitution  and  women,  while  still  not  given  full  citizenship  rights,  gained 
considerable  new  property  rights.  The  constitution  also  ended  the  archaic  network 
of  county  justices,  replacing  them  instead  with  county  commissions  and  establishing 
townships  in  each  county  for  administrative  purposes. 

The  Progressive  Era 

The  dawn  of  the  20th  Century  brought  changes  to  North  Carolina's  economy 
and  society  The  state  benefited  from  strong,  progressive  political  leadership  from 
governors  such  as  Charles  Brandey  Aycock  (inaugurated  in  1901).  Aycock  persuaded 
the  General  Assembly  to  undertake  the  most  sweeping  expansion  of  the  stale's  public 
education  system  m  nearly  a  century  Many  North  Carolina  counties  gained  access 
to  local  public  education  for  the  first  time  ever  between  1900  and  1920.  Governor 
Aycock  also  convinced  the  General  Assembly  to  make  school  funding  and 
maintenance,  including  hiring  and  paying  teachers,  a  slate  funciion. 

North  Carolina's  state  government  made  other  progressive  changes  during  ihc 
first  two  decades  of  the  new  century  The  state's  park  system  was  founded  in  1915 
with  the  opening  of  Mount  Mitchell  State  Park.  Led  by  Governor  Cameron  Morrison 
(1921-25)  the  state  finally  addressed  its  abysmal  transporiation  network  through 
the  creation  of  a  state  highway  commission  and  funding  of  new  road  consiruciion 
through  a  series  of  statewide  bond  referenda.  Morrison  also  coaxed  ihc  General 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Assembly  into  spending  more  money  on  public  heallh  throughout  the  state  and 
funding  vast  improvements  in  the  states  public  schools  and  public  universities  and 
colleges. 

Morrisons  successor,  Angus  McLean  (1925-29),  continued  the  pattern  of 
expanding  the  administrative  scope  and  expertise  of  state  government  and  lundmg 
badly-needed  improvements  m  public  infrastructure.  McLean  promoted  the 
expansion  and  diversihcation  of  the  state  economy  both  m  the  industrial  and 
agricultural  sectors.  Under  McLeans  guidance,  the  state  also  began  systematic  eftorts 
to  attract  new  capital  investment  to  North  Carolina. 

War  and  Sacrifice 

The  Japanese  Na\7s  attack  on  Pearl  Harbor  on  Dec.  7,  1941,  launched  a  new 
period  of  sacrifice  for  many  North  Carolina  families.  Coastal  residents,  particularly 
on  the  Outer  Banks,  had  an  uncomfortably  close  view  ot  the  horrors  ol  modern 
war  throughout  1942  and  1943  as  German  submarines  torpedoed  and  sank  scores 
of  ships  withm  sight  of  land.  Many  North  Carolina  ci\'ilians  risked  their  lives  to 
rescue  sailors  from  these  sinkings  and  hospitals  along  the  coast  treated  many  injured 
and  burned  survivors.  More  poignantly,  the  states  coastal  residents  collected  the 
bodies  of  dead  sailors  that  washed  ashore  and  buried  them  next  to  generations  ol 
their  own  km  m  local  cemeteries. 

North  Carolina  played  a  significant  role  m  the  American  war  effort.  Fort  Bragg, 
which  dated  back  to  World  War  1,  swelled  m  size,  while  Cherry  Point  Marine  Air 
Station  and  Seymour  Johnson  Air  Force  Base  were  founded  to  tram  pilots  for  both 
the  European  and  Pacific  theaters.  By  the  end  of  the  war,  military  bases  scattered 
throughout  North  Carolina  had  trained  more  men  for  combat  than  any  other  state 
in  the  Union. 

Over  360,000  North  Carolinians  served  m  the  U.S.  Armed  Forces  during  World 
War  II.  More  than  4,000  of  them  died  m  combat.  Hundreds  of  thousands  of  other    | 
North  Carolinians  wJio  remained  m  the  state  during  the  war  worked  long  hours 
and  often  went  hungry  to  support  the  war  efiort. 

The  Humble  Giant 

The  living  standards  of  most  state  residents  improved  steadily  iollowing  1960 
as  North  Carolina's  investment  m  public  higher  education,  unri\'aled  by  nearly  any 
state  south  of  the  Mason-Dixon  Line,  produced  large  numbers  of  skilled  workers 
and  professionals.  By  1990,  tor  the  first  time  m  its  history,  almost  half  of  the  states  { 
residents  fived  m  urban  areas.  Economic  diversification,  a  better-educated  work 
force  and  shrewd  public  sector  investments  such  as  the  Research  Triangle  Park  m 
the  Raleigh-Durham-Chapel  Hill  area  led  to  mushrooming  population  growth  m 
the  states  cities.  North  Carolina,  by  1980,  had  become  one  of  the  ten  most  populous  ! 
states  m  the  United  States. 


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NORTH    CAROLINA'S    BEGINNINGS  CHAPTER    TWO 


The  Mecklenburg  Declaration  of  1 775 

officers 

Abraham  Alexander,  Chair 

John  McKnitt  Alexander 


Delegates 

Col.  Thomas  Polk 

Ephraim  Brevard 
Hezekiah  J.  Balch 
John  Phifer 
James  Harris 
William  Kennon 
John  Ford 
Richard  Barry 
Henry  Downs 


Ezra  Alexander 
William  Graham 
John  Quary 
Abraham  Alexander 
John  McKnitt  Alexander 
Hezekiah  Alexander 
Adam  Alexander 
Charles  Alexander 
Zacheus  Wilson,  Sen. 


Waightstill  Avery 
Benjamin  Patton 
Mathew  McClure 
Neil  Morrison 
Robert  Irwin 
John  Flenniken 
David  Reese 
Richard  Harris,  Sen. 


T]\c  following  resolutions  were  presented: 

1.  Resolved.  That  whosoever  directly  or  indirectly  abetted  or  in  any  way  form  or 
manner  countenanced  the  uncharted  and  dangerous  invasion  of  our  rights  as 
claimed  by  Great  Britain  is  an  enemy  to  this  country  to  America,  and  to  the 
inherent  and  inalienable  rights  of  man. 

2.  Resolved.  That  we  the  citizens  of  Mecklenburg  County,  do  hereby  dissolve  the 
political  bonds  which  have  connected  us  to  the  mother  country  and  hereby  absolve 
ourselves  from  all  allegiance  to  the  British  Crown  and  abjure  all  political 
connections  contract  or  association  with  that  nation  who  have  wantonly  trampled 
on  our  rights  and  liberties  and  inhumanely  shed  the  blood  of  American  patriots 
at  Lexington. 

3.  Resolved.  That  we  do  hereby  declare  ourselves  a  free  and  independent  people,  are, 
and  of  right  ought  to  be  a  sovereign  and  self-governing  association  under  the 
control  of  no  power  other  than  that  of  our  God  and  the  General  Government  of 
the  Congress  to  the  maintenance  of  which  independence  we  solemnly  pledge  to 
each  other  our  mutual  cooperation,  our  lives,  our  fortunes,  and  our  most  sacred 
honor. 

4.  Resolved.  That  as  we  now  acknowledge  the  existence  and  control  of  no  law  or 
legal  officer,  civil  or  military  within  this  County,  we  do  hereby  ordain  and  adopt 
as  a  rule  of  life  all,  each  and  every  of  our  former  laws  -  wherein  nevertheless  the 


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NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Crown  of  Great  Britain  never  can  be  considered  as  holding  rights,  privileges, 
immunities,  or  authority  therein. 

5.  Resolved.  That  it  is  further  decreed  that  all,  each  and  ever)'  Militaiy  Officer  m  this 
County  is  hereby  reinstated  m  his  former  command  and  authority,  he  acting 
comformably  to  these  regulations.  And  that  every  member  present  of  this 
delegation  shall  henceforth  be  a  civil  ofhcer,  viz.,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  m  the 
character  of  a  ''committee  man"  to  issue  process,  hear  and  determine  all  matters 
of  controversy  according  to  said  adopted  laws  and  to  preserve  peace,  union  and 
harmony  in  said  county,  and  to  use  every  exertion  to  spread  the  love  of  Country 
and  fire  of  freedom  throughout  America,  until  a  more  general  and  organized 
government  be  established  in  this  Province. 

*  The  Mecklenburg  Declaration  was  reportedly  adopted  on  May  20,  1775.  This 
document  is  found  in  Vol.  IX,  pages  1263-65  of  the  Colonial  Records  oj  North 
Carolina:  however,  the  authenticity  of  the  declaration  has  long  been  -  and  continues 
to  be  —  a  source  of  controversy  among  historians.  The  text  was  recalled  trom 
memory  by  the  clerk  some  twenty  years  after  the  Mecklenburg  meeting  was 
supposedly  held.  The  original  notes  had  reportedly  been  lost  in  a  hre. 

The  Halifax  Resolves  of  1 776' 

The  Select  Committee  taking  into  Consideration  the  usurpations  and  violences 
attempted  and  committed  by  the  King  and  Parliament  of  Britain  against  America, 
and  the  further  Measures  to  be  taken  for  frustrating  the  same,  and  for  the  better 
defense  of  this  province  reported  as  follows,  to  wit, 

It  appears  to  your  Committee  that  pursuant  to  the  Plan  eoncerted  by  the 
British  Ministry  for  subjugating  America,  the  King  and  Parliament  of  Great 
Britain  have  usurped  a  Power  over  the  Persons  and  Properties  of  the  People 
unlimited  and  uncontrouled;  and  disregarding  their  humble  Petitions  for  Peace, 
Liberty  and  safety,  have  made  divers  Legislative  Acts,  denouncing  War  Famine 
and  every  Species  of  Calamity  against  the  Continent  in  General.  That  British 
Fleets  and  Armies  have  been  and  still  are  daily  employed  in  destroying  the 
People  and  comniitting  the  most  horrid  devastations  on  the  Country.  Thai 
Governors  in  dijjerent  Colonies  have  declared  Protection  to  Slaves  who  should 
imbrue  their  Hands  in  the  Blood  of  their  Masters.  That  the  Ships  belonging  to 
America  are  declared  prizes  oj  War  and  many  oj  them  haye  been  violently 
seized  and  conjiscated  in  consequence  oj  which  multitudes  oj  the  people  have 
been  destroyed  or  from  easy  Circumstances  reduced  to  the  LanKntable  distress. 

And  whereas  the  moderation  hitherto  manifested  by  the  United  Colonies 
and  their  sincere  desire  to  be  reconciled  to  the  mother  Country  on  Constitutional 
Principles,  have  procured  no  mitigation  to  the  aforesaid  Wrongs  cmd  usurpations, 
and  no  hopes  remain  of  obtaining  redress  by  those  Means  alone  which  haye  been 


76 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    BEGINNINGS  CHAPTER    TWO 

hitherto  tried,  Your  Committee  are  of  Opinion  that  the  house  should  enter  into 
the  following  Resolve  to  wit, 

Resolve  that  the  delegates  for  this  Colony  in  the  Continental  Congress  he 
impowered  to  concur  with  the  delegates  of  the  other  Colonies  in  declaring 
Independency,  and  forming  foreign  Alliances,  reserving  to  this  Colony  the  Sole, 
and  Exclusive  right  of  forming  a  Constitution  and  Laws  for  this  Colonv,  and  of 
appointing  delegates  from  time  to  time  (under  the  direction  of  a  general 
Representation  thereof)  to  meet  the  delegates  of  the  other  Colonies  for  such 
purposes  as  shall  he  hereafter  pointed  out. 

*  The  resolves  were  adopted  on  April  12,  1776. 

The  Mecklenburg  Resolves 

This  day  the  Committee  of  this  county  met  and  passed  the  following  resolves: 

Whereas  by  an  address  presented  to  his  majesty  by  both  House  of  Parliament 
in  February  last,  the  American  colonies  are  declared  to  be  in  a  state  of  actual 
rebellion,  we  conceive  that  all  laws  and  commissions  confirmed  by  or  derived 
from  the  authority  of  the  King  and  Parliament  are  annulled  and  vacated  and 
the  former  civil  constitution  of  these  colonies  for  the  present  wholly  suspended. 
To  provide  in  some  degree  for  the  exigencies  of  this  county,  in  the  present  alarming 
period,  we  deem  it  proper  and  necessary  to  pass  the  following  resolves,  viz.: 

1.  That  all  commissions  civil  and  military  heretofore  granted  by  the  Crown  to  be  exer- 
cised in  these  colonies  are  null  and  void  and  the  constitution  of  each  particular 
colony  wholly  suspended. 

2.  That  the  Provincial  Congress  of  each  Province  under  the  direction  of  the  great  Con- 
tinental Congress  is  invested  with  all  legislative  and  executive  powers  within  their 
respective  Provinces  and  that  no  other  legislative  or  executive  power  does  or  can 
exist  at  this  time  in  any  of  these  colonies. 

3.  As  all  former  laws  are  now  suspended  in  this  Province  and  the  Congress  has  not  yet 
provided  others  we  judge  it  necessary  for  the  better  preservation  of  good  order,  to 
form  certain  rules  and  regulations  for  the  internal  government  of  this  county  until 
laws  shall  be  provided  for  us  hv  the  Congress. 

4.  That  the  inhabitants  of  this  county  do  meet  on  a  certain  day  appointed  by  the  con]- 
mittee  and  having  formed  themselves  into  nine  companies...  eighl  in  ihc  county  cmd 
one  in  the  town  of  Charlotte  do  choose  a  Colonel  and  other  military  officers  who 
shall  hold  and  exercise  their  several  powers  by  virtue  of  this  choice  and  indepen- 
dent of  the  Crown  of  Great  Britain  and  former  constitution  of  this  Province. 

5.  That  for  the  better  preservation  of  the  peace  and  administration  of  justice  each  of 
those  companies  do  choose  from  their  own  body  two  discreet  freeholders  who  shall 
be  empowered... to  decide  and  determine  all  matters  of  controversy  arising  within 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

sYiic/  company  under  the  sum  of  twenty  shiUuh^s  and  jointlv  and  together  all  eon- 
tro\crs\cs  under  ihc  sum  of  foily  shil/in_gs  that  so  as  their  decisions  may  admit  oj 
appeal  to  the  ionvention  of  the  selectmen  oj  the  county  and  also  that  any  one  of  these 
shall  have  powei'  to  examine  and  commit  to  confinement  persons  accused  of  petit 
larceny. 

6.  That  those  two  select  men  thus  chosen  do  jointly  and  together  choose  from  the  body 
of  their  particidar  body  two  persons  properly  ciualijied  to  act  as  constables  who 
may  assist  them  in  the  execution  oj  their  office. 

7.  That  upon  the  complaint  of  any  persons  to  eithci'  of  these  selectmen  he  do  issue  his 
warrant  directed  to  the  constable  commanding  him  to  bring  the  aggressor  before 
hin}  or  them  to  answer  said  complaint. 

8.  That  these  eighteen  selectmen  thus  appointed  do  meet  eyery  third  Tuesday  in  Janu- 
ary, April  July  and  OctobcK  at  the  Court  House  in  Charlotte,  to  hear  and  deter- 
mine all  matters  of  controyersy  for  sums  exceeding  forty  shillings,  also  appeals,  and 
in  cases  of  felony  to  commit  the  person  or  persons  conyicted  thereof  to  close  confine- 
ment until  the  Provincial  Congress  shall  provide  and  establish  laws  and  modes  of 
proceeding  in  all  such  cases. 

9.  That  these  ei'^hteen  selectmen  thus  convened  do  choose  a  clerk  to  record  the  transac- 
tions  of  said  convention  and  that  said  clerk  upon  the  application  of  any  person  or 
persons  aggrieved  do  issue  his  warrant  to  one  of  the  constables. .  .directing  said  con- 
stable to  summon  and  warn  said  offender  to  appear  before  the  convention  at  their 
next  sitting  to  answer  the  aforesaid  complaint... 

10.  That  any  Person  making  Complaint  upon  Oath  to  the  Clerk,  or  any  Member  of  the 
Convention,  that  he  has  Reason  to  suspect  that  any  Person  or  Persons  indebted  to 
him  in  a  Sum  above  Forty  Shillings,  do  intend  clandestinely  to  withdraw  from  the 
County  without  paving  such  a  Debt;  the  Clerk,  or  such  Member,  shall  issue  his 
Wxirrant  to  the  Constable,  coninumding  Jiim  to  take  said  Person  or  Persons  into  safe 
Custody,  until  the  next  sitting  of  tJie  Convention. 

IT  That  when  a  Debtor  for  a  Sum  below  Forty  ShiUings  shall  abscond  and  leave  the 
Coimty,  the  Warrant  granted  as  aforesaid  shall  extend  to  any  Goods  or  Chattels  of 
the  said  Debtor  as  may  be  found,  and  such  Goods  or  Chattels  be  seized  and  held  m 
Custody  hv  the  Constable  jor  the  space  oj  Thirty  Dais:  m  which  Term  ij  the  Debtor 
fails  to  return  and  Discharge  the  Debt,  the  Constable  shall  return  the  Warrant  to 
one  oj  the  Select  Men  oj  the  Conipany  where  the  Goods  and  Chattels  weie  found, 
who  shall  issue  Orders  to  the  Constable  to  sell  such  a  part  of  the  said  Goods  as  shall 
amount  to  the  Sum  due;  that  when  the  Debt  exceeds  Forty  Shillings,  the  Return  shall 
be  made  to  the  Convention,  who  shall  issue  the  Orders  jor  Sale. 


78 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    BEGINNINGS  CHAPTER    TWO 

12.  That  all  receivers  and  collectors  of  quit  rents,  public  and  county  taxes,  do  pay  the 
same  into  the  hands  of  the  chairman  of  this  committee  to  be  by  them  disbursed  as 
the  public  exigencies  may  require,  and  that  such  receivers  and  collectors  proceed  no 
further  in  their  office  until  they  be  approved  of  by  and  have  given  to  this  committee 
good  and  sufficient  security  for  a  faithful  return  of  such  monies  when  collected. 

13.  That  the  committee  be  accountable  to  the  county  for  the  application  of  all  monies 
received  from  such  public  officers. 

14.  That  all  the  officers  hold  their  commissions  during  the  pleasure  of  their  several 
constituents. 

15.  That  this  committee  will  sustain  all  damages  that  ever  hereafter  may  accrue  to  all 
or  any  of  these  officers  thus  appointed  and  thus  acting  on  account  of  their  obedience 
and  conformity  to  these  resolves. 

16.  That  whatever  person  hereafter  shall  receive  a  commission  from  the  Crown  or  cU- 
tempt  to  exercise  any  such  commission  heretofore  received  shall  be  deemed  an  en- 
emy to  his  country  and  upon  information  being  made  to  the  captain  of  the  company 
in  which  he  r-esides,  the  said  company  shall  cause  him  to  be  apprehended  and  con- 
veyed before  the  two  selectmen  of  the  said  company,  who  upon  proof  of  the  fact,  shall 
commit  him  the  said  offender  to  safe  custody  until  the  next  sitting  of  the  committee, 
who  shall  deal  with  him  as  prudence  may  direct. 

1 7.  That  any  person  i-efusing  to  yield  obedience  to  the  above  resolves  shall  be  corisider-ed 
equallv  criminal  and  liable  to  the  same  punishment  as  the  offenders  above  last  men- 
tior^ed. 

18.  That  these  resolves  be  in  full  forxe  and  virtue  until  instr-uctions  from  the  Provincial 
Congr-ess... shall  provide  otherwise  or  the  le^slative  body  of  Grrat  Britain  resign  its 
unjust  and  arbitrary  pretensions  with  respect  to  America. 

19.  That  the  eight  Militia  companies  in  this  county  do  provide  themselves  with  prvper 
arms  and  accoutrements  and  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  execute  the  commands 
and  directions  of  the  General  Congress  of  this  Province  and  of  this  Committee. 

20.  That  the  committee  appoint  Colonel  Thomas  Polk  and  Dr  Joseph  Kennedy  to  pur- 
chase three  hundred  pounds  of  powder,  six  hundred  pounds  of  lead  and  one  thousand 
flints  for  the  use  of  the  militia  of  this  county  and  deposit  the  same  in  such  place  as 
the  committee  hereafter  may  direct. 

Signed  by  order  of  the  Committee, 

Eph.  Brevard,  Clerk  of  the  Committee 

On  May  31,  1775,  a  committee  of  Mecklenburg  County  citizens  drew  up  a  set 
of  resolves,  declaring  that  all  commissions  theretofore  issued  by  the  Crown  were  to 
be  considered  null  and  void.  They  proceeded  to  re-organize  their  local  government, 
saying  they  should  "hold  and  exercise  their  several  powers  by  virtue  of  this  choice 

79 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  independent  of  ihc  Crown  of  Great  Britain  and  former  constitution  of  thus 
proN'ince,"  Tliese  resolves  were  printed  in  the  Novih  Carolina  Gazette,  New  Bern, 
June  lb,  1775. 

From  North  Carolina  History  Told  bv  Contemporaries  edited  by  Hugh  Talmage 
Leiler.  Copyright  ©  1934  by  the  University  of  North  Carolina  Press,  renewed  1956 
and  1965.  Used  by  permission  ot  the  publisher. 


80 


NORTH    CAROLINA'S    BEGINNINGS  CHAPTER    TWO 


81 


NSTTTUTION:  AN' 


Our  Constitutions:  An  Historical  Perspective 

by  John  L.  Sanders 

Former  Director  of  the  Institute  of  Government 

Tlie  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill 

Constitution  of  1776 

Drafted  and  promulgated  by  the  Fifth  Provincial  Congress  in  December,  1776, 
without  submission  to  the  people,  the  Constitution  of  1776  and  its  separate,  but 
accompanying.  Declaration  of  Rights  sketched  the  main  outlines  of  the  new  state 
government  and  secured  the  rights  of  the  citizen  from  government  interference. 
While  the  principle  of  separation  of  powers  was  explicitly  affirmed  and  the  familiar 
three  branches  of  government  were  provided  for,  the  true  center  of  power  lay  in  the 
General  Assembly  That  body  not  only  exercised  full  legislative  power;  it  also  chose 
all  the  state  executive  and  judicial  officers,  the  former  for  short  terms  and  the  judges 
for  Ufe. 

Profound  distrust  of  the  executive  power  is  evident  throughout  the  document. 
The  governor  was  chosen  by  the  legislature  for  a  one-year  term  and  was  eligible  for 
only  three  terms  in  six  years.  The  little  power  granted  him  was  hedged  in  many 
instances  by  requiring  the  concurrence  of  a  seven-member  Council  of  State,  chosen 
by  the  legislature,  for  its  exercise. 

Judicial  offices  were  established,  but  the  court  system  itself  was  lefi  to  legislative 
design.  No  system  of  local  government  was  prescribed  by  the  constitution,  although 
the  offices  of  justice  of  the  peace,  sheriff,  coroner  and  constable  were  created. 

The  system  of  legislative  representation  was  based  on  units  of  local  government. 
The  voters  of  each  county  elected  one  senator  and  two  members  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  while  six  (later  seven)  towns  each  elected  one  member  of  the  lower 
house.  It  was  distinctly  a  property  owners  government,  for  only  landowners  could 
vote  for  senators  until  1857  and  progressive  property  qualifications  were  required 
of  members  of  the  house,  senators  and  the  governor  until  1868.  Legislators  were 
the  only  state  officers  elected  by  the  people  until  1836. 

The  Convention  of  1835 

Dissatisfaction  with  the  legislative  representation  system,  which  ga\'e  no  direct 
recognition  to  population,  resulted  in  the  Convention  of  1835.  Extensive 
constitutional  amendments  adopted  by  that  convention  were  ratified  by  a  vote  of 
the  people  —  26,771  to  21,606  —  on  November  9,  1835.  The  1835  amendments 
fixed  the  membership  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Commons  at  ihcir  prcscni  levels. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

50  and  120.  The  new  house  apporiionmeni  formula  gave  one  seat  to  each  county 
and  distributed  the  remainder  of  the  seats  —  nearly  half  of  them  at  that  time  — 
according  to  a  mathematical  formula  favoring  the  more  populous  counties.  From 
1836  until  1868,  senators  were  elected  from  districts  laid  out  according  to  the 
amount  of  taxes  paid  to  the  state  from  the  respective  counties,  thus  distributing 
senatorial  representation  m  direct  proportion  to  property  values. 

The  Amendments  of  1835  also  instituted  popular  election  oi  the  governor  tor  a 
two-year  term,  greatly  strengthening  that  office;  relaxed  the  religious  qualifications 
for  office  holding;  abolished  suffrage  for  free  black  residents;  equalized  the  capitation 
tax  on  slaves  and  free  white  males;  prohibited  the  General  Assembly  from  granting 
divorces,  legitimating  persons  or  changing  personal  names  by  private  act;  specified 
procedures  for  the  inrpeachment  of  state  officers  and  the  removal  ot  judges  for 
disability;  made  legislative  sessions  biennial  instead  of  annual;  and  provided  methods 
of  amending  the  constitution.  Following  the  precedent  established  m  amending  the 
United  States  Constitution,  the  1835  amendments  were  appended  to  the  Constitution 
of  1776,  not  incorporated  m  it  as  is  the  modern  practice. 

In  1857,  voters  approved  the  only  amendment  submitted  to  them  between 
1836  and  1868.  The  amendment  —  approved  by  a  50,095  to  19,382  vote  — 
abolished  the  50-acre  land  ownership  requirement  for  \'oters  to  cast  ballots  in  state 
senate  races.  The  constitutional  change  opened  that  ballot  to  all  white  male  taxpayers, 
greatly  increasing  the  number  of  North  Carolinians  eligible  to  vote  for  senators. 

The  Convention  of  1861-62 

The  Convention  oi  1861-62,  called  by  act  oi  the  General  Assembly  took  the 
State  out  of  the  Union  and  into  the  Confederacy  and  adopted  a  dozen  constitutional 
amendments.  These  changes  were  promulgated  by  the  convention  without 
submitting  them  for  voter  approval,  a  procedure  permitted  b)'  the  state  constitution 
until  1971. 

The  Convention  of  1865-66 

The  Con\'ention  of  1865-66,  called  by  the  provisional  gox-ernor  on  orders  of 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  nullified  secession  and  abolished  sla\'er\-,  with 
voter  approval,  m  1865.  It  also  drafted  a  revised  state  constitution  m  1866.  That 
document  was  lars;elv  a  restatement  of  the  Constitution  ol  1776  and  the  1835 
amendments,  plus  several  new  teatures.  It  was  rejected  by  a  vote  of  21,770  to 
19,880  on  August  2,  1866. 

Tlte  Convention  of  1868 

The  Convention  of  1868,  called  upon  the  initiative  of  Congress,  but  with  a 
popular  vote  oi  approval,  wrote  a  new  state  constitution  which  the  people  ratified 
m  April,  1868,  by  a  vote  of  93,086  to  74,016.  Drafted  and  put  through  the 
convention  by  a  combination  of  native  Republicans  and  a  few  carpetbaggers,  the 

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constitution  was  highly  unpopular  with  the  more  conservative  elements  of  the  state. 
For  its  time,  it  was  a  progressive  and  democratic  instrument  of  government.  In  this 
respect  it  differed  markedly  from  the  proposed  Constitution  of  1866. 

The  Constitution  of  1868  was  an  amalgam  of  provisions  copied  or  adapted 
from  the  Declaration  of  Rights  of  1776,  the  Constitution  of  1776  and  its  amendments, 
the  proposed  Constitution  of  1866  and  the  constitutions  of  other  states,  together 
with  some  new  and  original  provisions.  Although  often  amended,  a  majority  of  the 
provisions  in  the  1868  constitution  remained  intact  until  1971.  The  Constitution 
of  1971  brought  forward  much  of  the  1868  language  with  little  or  no  change. 

The  Constitution  of  1868  incorporated  the  1776  Declaration  of  Rights  into  the 
Constitution  as  Article  1  and  added  several  important  guarantees.  The  people  were 
given  the  power  to  elect  all  significant  state  executive  officers,  all  judges  and  all 
county  officials,  as  well  as  state  legislators.  All  property  qualifications  for  voting 
and  office  holding  were  abolished.  The  plan  of  representation  in  the  Senate  was 
changed  from  a  property  to  a  popular  basis,  while  the  1835  house  apportionment 
plan  was  retained.  Annual  legislative  sessions  were  restored. 

The  executive  branch  of  government  was  strengthened  by  popular  election  of 
most  department  heads  for  four-year  terms  of  office  and  the  governor's  powers  were 
mcreased  significantly  A  simple  and  uniform  court  system  was  established  with 
the  jurisdiction  of  each  court  specified  in  the  constitution.  The  distinctions  between 
actions  at  law  and  suits  in  equity  were  abolished. 

For  the  first  time,  detailed  constitutional  provision  was  made  for  a  system  of 
taxation  and  the  powers  of  the  General  Assembly  to  le\7  taxes  and  to  borrow  money 
were  limited.  Homestead  and  personal  property  exemptions  were  granted.  Free 
public  schools  were  called  for  and  the  maintenance  of  penal  and  charitable  institutions 
by  the  state  was  commanded.  A  uniform  scheme  of  county  and  township 
government  was  prescribed. 

The  declared  objective  of  the  Conservative  Party  (under  whose  banner  the  older, 
native  political  leaders  grouped  themselves)  was  to  repeal  the  Constitution  of  1868 
at  the  earliest  opportunity  When  the  Conservative  Party  gained  control  of  the  General 
Assembly  m  1870,  a  proposal  to  call  a  convention  of  the  people  to  revise  the 
constitution  was  submitted  by  the  General  Assembly  to  the  voters  and  rejected  in 
1871  by  a  vote  of  95,252  to  86,007. 

The  General  Assembly  thereupon  resorted  to  legislative  initiative  to  amend  the 
constitution.  That  procedure  called  for  legislative  approval  of  each  proposed 
amendment  at  two  successive  sessions,  followed  by  a  vote  of  the  people  on  ihc 
amendment.  The  1871-72  legislative  session  adopted  an  act  calling  for  about  three 
dozen  amendments  to  the  constitution,  all  of  which  were  intended  to  restore  to  the 
General  Assembly  the  bulk  of  the  power  over  local  government,  the  courts,  and  the 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

public  schools  and  the  Uni\'ersity  of  North  Carolina  that  had  been  taken  h'om  it  by 
the  Constitution  o^  1868. 

The  1872-73  session  of  the  General  Assembly  approved  eight  of  those 
amendments  for  the  second  time  and  submitted  them  to  a  popular  referendum. 
Voters  approved  all  eight  in  1873  by  wide  margins.  These  amendments  restored 
biennial  sessions  of  the  General  Assembly,  transferred  control  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  from  the  State  Board  of  Education  to  the  General  Assembly,  abolished 
various  new  state  offices,  altered  the  prohibition  against  double  office-holding  and 
repealed  the  prohibition  against  repudiation  of  the  state  debt. 

The  Convention  of  1875 

In  1875,  the  General  Assembly  called  a  convention  of  the  people  to  consider 
constitutional  re\'ision.  This  action  was  not  conhrmed  by  popular  referendum  and 
none  was  constitutionally  required  at  the  time.  The  Convention  of  1875  (the  most 
recent  m  the  states  history)  sat  for  hve  weeks  m  the  fall  of  that  year.  It  was  a  limited 
convention  that  had  been  specifically  forbidden  to  attempt  certain  actions,  such  as 
reinstatement  of  property  ciualihcations  tor  oflice-holdmg  or  voting. 

The  Convention  of  1875  adopted  —  and  the  voters  on  November  7,  1876, 
approved  by  a  vote  of  120,159  to  106,554  —  a  set  oi  30  amendments  affecting  36 
sections  of  the  state  constitution.  These  amendments  (which  took  etfect  on  January 
1,  1877): 

Prohibited  secret  political  societies. 

Moved  the  legislative  convening  date  fix)m  November  of  even-numbered 
years  to  January  of  odd-numbered  years. 

Fixed  in  the  constitution  for  the  first  time  the  rate  of  legislative 
compensation. 

Called  for  legislation  establishing  a  state  DepaitiTient  of  Agriculture. 

Abandoned  the  simplicity  and  unifomiity  of  the  1868  court  system  by 
giving  the  General  Assembly  the  power  to  determine  the  jurisdiction  of 
all  courts  below  the  Supreme  Couit  and  establish  such  courts  inferior  to 
the  Supreme  Court  as  it  might  see  fit. 

Reduced  the  Supreme  Couit  fi^om  five  to  thiee  members. 

Requued  Superior  Court  judges  to  rotate  among  all  judicial  districts  of 
the  state. 

Disqualified  for  voting  persons  guilty  of  certain  crimes. 

Established  a  one-yeai'  residency  requirement  for  voting. 

Required  non-disciiminatory  racial  segregation  in  the  public  schools. 

Gave  the  General  Assembly  ftill  power  to  revise  or  abolish  the  foim  and 
power's  of  county  and  township  governments. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Simplified  the  procedure  for  constitutional  amendment  by  providing  that 
the  General  Assembly  might,  by  act  adopted  by  three-fifths  of  each 
house  at  one  legislative  session,  submit  an  amendment  to  the  voters  of 
the  state  (thus  eliminating  the  former  requirement  of  enactment  by  two 
successive  sessions  of  the  General  Assembly). 

The  principal  effect  of  the  amendments  of  1873  and  1875  was  to  restore  in 
considerable  measure  the  pre- 1868  power  of  the  General  Assembly,  particularly 
over  the  states  courts  and  local  governments.  Documents  from  the  late  19th  and 
early  20th  centuries  occasionally  refer  to  "the  Constitution  of  1876."  There  was  no 
such  constitution.  The  1875  amendments  were  simply  inserted  at  the  appropriate 
places  in  the  1868  constitution,  which  continued  in  this  amended  form  until  1971. 
The  designation  "Constitution  of  1876"  may  have  been  intended  to  relieve  the  1868 
constitution  of  the  unpopularity  heaped  on  it  earlier  by  Conservative  critics. 

The  amendments  framed  by  the  Convention  of  1875  seem  to  have  satisfied 
most  of  the  need  for  constitutional  change  for  a  generation.  Only  four  amendments 
were  submitted  by  the  General  Assembly  to  the  voters  throughout  the  remainder  of 
the  nineteenth  century.  Three  of  them  were  ratified;  one  failed. 

In  1900,  the  suffrage  article  was  revised  to  add  a  literacy  test  and  poll  tax 
requirement  for  voting  (the  latter  provision  was  repealed  in  1920).  A  slate  of  ten 
amendments  prepared  by  a  constitutional  commission  and  proposed  by  the  General 
Assembly  in  1913  was  rejected  by  voters  in  1914.  With  the  passage  of  time  and 
amendments,  the  attitude  towards  the  Constitution  of  1868  had  changed  from 
resentment  to  a  reverence  so  great  that,  until  the  second  third  of  the  20th  Centur); 
amendments  were  very  difficult  to  obtain.  Between  1900  and  1933,  voters  ratified 
15  constitutional  amendments  and  rejected  20  others.  During  the  first  third  of  this 
century  nevertheless,  amendments  were  adopted  that  lengthened  the  school  term 
from  four  to  six  months,  prohibited  legislative  charters  to  private  corporations, 
authorized  special  Superior  Court  judges,  further  limited  the  General  Assembly's 
powers  to  levy  taxes  and  incur  debt,  abolished  the  poll  tax  requirement  for  voting 
and  reduced  the  residence  qualification  for  voters.  Amendments  designed  to  restrict 
the  legislatures  power  to  enact  local,  private  and  special  legislation  were  adopted, 
but  subsequently  rendered  partly  ineffective  by  judicial  interpretation. 

The  Proposed  Constitution  of  1933 

A  signihcant  effort  at  general  revision  of  the  state  constitution  was  made  in 
1931-33.  A  constitutional  commission  created  by  the  General  Assembly  of  1931 
drafted  —  and  the  General  Assembly  of  1933  approved  —  a  revised  constitution. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Blocked  by  a  technicality  raised  in  an  advisory  opinion  oi  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court, 
the  proposed  Constitution  of  1933  never  reached  the  voters  for  approval.  It  would 
have: 

Given  the  governor  veto  power. 

Given  the  power  to  make  all  rules  of  practice  and  procedure  in  the 
couits  hiferior  to  the  Supreme  Court  to  a  judicial  council  composed  of 
all  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  and  Superior  Courts. 

Required  the  creation  of  inferior  courts  by  general  laws  only. 

Removed  most  of  the  limitations  on  the  taxing  powers  of  the  General 
Assembly. 

Required  the  General  Assembly  to  provide  for  the  organization  and 
powers  of  local  goveniments  by  general  law  only. 

Established  an  appointive  state  Board  ofEducation  with  general 
supervision  over  the  public  school  system. 

Established  an  enlightened  policy  of  state  responsibility  for  the 
maintenance  of  educational,  charitable  and  reformatory  institutions  and 
programs. 

Several  provisions  of  the  proposed  Constitution  of  1933  were  later  incorporated 
into  the  constitution  by  individual  amendments.  To  a  limited  extent,  the  proposed 
Constitution  of  1933  sen'ed  as  a  model  for  the  work  of  the  1957-59  Constitutional 
Commission. 

Between  the  mid- 1930s  and  the  late  1960s,  greater  receptiveness  to  constitutional 
change  resulted  m  amendments: 

Authorizing  the  classification  of  property  for  taxation. 
Strengthening  the  limitations  up)on  public  debt 

Authorizing  the  General  Assembly  to  enlarge  the  Supreme  Court,  divide 
the  State  into  judicial  divisions,  increase  the  number  of  Superior  Court 
judges  and  create  a  Department  of  Justice  under  the  Attorney  GreneraL 

Enlarging  the  Council  of  State  by  three  members. 

Creating  a  new,  appomtive  State  Board  ofEducation  with  general 
supervision  of  the  schools. 

Permitting  women  to  serve  as  jurors. 

Transferring  the  governor's  power  to  assign  judges  to  the  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court  and  his  parole  power  to  a  Board  of  Paroles. 

Permitting  the  waiver  of  indictment  in  non-capital  cases. 

Raising  the  compensation  of  General  Assembly  members  and  authoiizing 
legislative  expense  allowances. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Increasing  the  general  purpose  property  tax  levy  limitation  and  the 
maximum  income  tax  rate. 

Authorizing  the  closing  of  public  schools  on  a  local  option  basis  and  the 
payment  of  educational  expense  grants  in  certain  cases. 

The  increased  legislative  and  public  willingness  to  accept  constitutional  change 
between  1934  and  1960  resulted  in  32  constitutional  amendments  being  ratified 
by  the  voters,  while  only  six  were  rejected. 

The  Constitutional  Commission  of  1957-58 

At  the  request  of  Governor  Luther  H.  Hodges,  the  General  Assembly  of  1957 
authorized  the  governor  to  appoint  a  fifteen-member  Constitutional  Commission 
to  study  the  need  for  changes  in  the  state  constitution  and  to  make  recommendations 
pursuant  to  its  findings  to  the  governor  and  the  1959  session  of  the  General  Assembly 

The  commission  recommended  rewriting  the  entire  constitution  and  submitting 
it  to  the  voters  for  approval  or  disapproval  as  a  unit,  since  the  suggested  changes 
were  too  numerous  to  be  easily  effected  by  individual  amendments.  The  proposed 
constitution  drafted  by  the  commission  represented  in  large  part  a  careful  job  of 
editorial  pmning,  rearrangement,  clarification  and  modernization.  It  also  incorporated 
several  significant,  substantive  changes.  The  Senate  would  have  been  increased  from 
50  to  60  members  and  the  initiative  (but  not  the  sole  authority)  for  decennial 
redistnctmg  of  the  Senate  would  have  been  shifted  from  the  General  Assembly  to  an 
ex-officio  committee  of  three  legislative  officers.  Decennial  reapportionment  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  would  have  been  made  a  duty  of  the  speaker  of  the  House, 
rather  than  of  the  General  Assembly  as  a  whole.  Problems  of  succession  to 
constitutional  state  executive  offices  and  how  to  settle  questions  of  officers'  disability 
would  have  been  either  resolved  in  the  constitution  or  had  their  resolution  assigned 
to  the  General  Assembly  The  authority  to  classify  property  for  taxation  and  to 
exempt  property  from  taxation  would  have  been  required  to  be  exercised  only  by 
the  General  Assembly  and  only  on  a  uniform,  statewide  basis.  The  requirement  that 
the  public  schools  constitute  a  "general  and  uniform  system"  would  have  been 
eliminated  and  the  constitutional  authority  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  reduced. 

Fairly  extensive  changes  were  recommended  in  the  judicial  article  of  ihc 
constitution  as  well,  including  the  estabUshment  of  a  General  Court  of  Justice  with 
an  Appellate  Division,  a  Superior  Court  Division  and  a  Local  Trial  Court  Division. 
A  uniform  system  of  district  courts  and  trial  commissioners  would  have  replaced 
the  existing  multitude  of  inferior  courts  and  justices  of  the  peace.  The  creation  of  an 
intermediate  Court  of  Appeals  would  have  been  provided  for  and  uniformii)-  o\ 
jurisdiction  of  the  courts  within  each  division  would  have  been  required.  Aside 
from  these  changes,  the  General  Assembly  would  have  essentially  retained  its  pre- 
existing power  over  the  courts,  including  jurisdiction  and  procedures. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  General  Assembly  of  1959  also  had  before  U  a  recommendation  for  a 
constitiuional  reformation  of  the  court  system  that  had  originated  with  a  Court 
Study  Committee  of  the  North  CaroHna  Bar  Association.  In  general,  the 
recommendations  oi'  that  committee  called  for  more  fundamental  changes  m  the 
courts  than  those  proposed  by  the  Constitutional  Commission.  The  extent  of  the 
proposed  authority  oi  the  General  Assembly  over  the  courts  was  the  principal 
difference  between  the  two  recommendations.  The  Constitutional  Commission 
generally  favored  legislative  control  of  the  courts  and  proposed  only  moderate 
curtailment  of  the  General  Assembly's  authority.  The  Court  Study  Committee, 
however,  accepted  a  more  literal  interpretation  of  the  concept  oi  an  independent 
judiciary  Its  proposals,  therefore,  would  have  minimized  the  authority  of  the  General 
Assembly  over  the  states  courts,  although  structurally  its  system  would  have  closely 
resembled  that  recommended  by  the  Constitutional  Commission. 

The  proposed  constitution  received  extensive  attention  irom  the  General 
Assembly  of  1959.  The  Senate  modified  and  passed  the  bill  to  submit  the  proposal 
to  the  voters,  but  it  failed  to  pass  the  House  of  Representatives,  chiefly  due  to 
disagreement    over  the  issue  of  court  revision. 

As  had  been  true  of  the  proposed  Constitution  ot  1933,  the  proposed 
Constitution  of  1959,  though  not  adopted  as  a  whole,  subsequently  provided 
material  for  several  amendment  proposals  which  were  submitted  individually  to 
the  voters  and  approved  by  them  during  the  next  decade. 

In  the  General  Assembly  of  1961 ,  the  proponents  ot  court  reform  were  successful 
m  obtaining  enactment  of  a  constitutional  amendment,  approved  by  the  voters  in 
1962,  that  created  a  unihed  and  uniform  General  Court  of  Justice  for  the  state. 
Other  amendments  submitted  by  the  same  session  and  approved  by  the  voters: 

Provided  for  the  automatic  decennial  reapportionment  of  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Clarified  the  provisions  for  succession  to  elective  state  executive  offices 
and  disability  determination. 

Authorized  a  reduction  in  the  in-state  residence  period  for  voters  for 
President 

AUowed  increases  in  the  compensation  of  elected  state  executive  officers 
during  tlieh'teiTns. 

Required  that  the  power  of  the  General  Assembly  to  classify  and  exempt 
property  for  taxation  be  exercised  by  it  alone  and  only  on  a  unifonn, 
statewide  basis. 

The  session  ol  1963  submitted  two  amendments.  The  first,  to  enlarge  the  rights 
of  married  women  to  deal  with  their  own  property,  was  approved  by  the  voters. 
The  second,  to  enlarge  the  Senate  from  50  to  70  members  and  allocate  one  member 
of  the  House  of  Representative  to  each  county,  was  rejected  by  the  voters.  The 

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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

General  Assembly  of  1965  submitted,  and  the  voters  approved,  an  amendment 
authorizing  the  legislative  creation  of  a  Court  of  Appeals. 

The  1967  General  Assembly  proposed,  and  the  voters  approved,  amendments 
authorizing  the  General  Assembly  to  fix  its  ovv-n  compensation  and  revising  the 
legislative  apportionment  scheme  to  conform  to  the  judicially-established 
requirement  of  representation  in  proportion  to  population  in  both  houses. 

Constitution  of  1971 

From  1869  through  1968,  a  total  of  97  propositions  for  amending  the  state 
constitution  were  submitted  to  the  voters.  All  but  one  of  these  proposals  originated 
in  the  General  Assembly.  Of  those  97  amendment  proposals,  69  were  ratified  by 
the  voters  and  28  were  rejected.  The  changing  attitude  of  the  voters  toward 
constitutional  amendments  is  well  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  from  1869  to  1933, 
21  of  the  48  amendment  propositions  were  rejected  by  the  voters  —  a  failure  rate  of 
nearly  43%.  Between  1933  and  1968,  only  seven  of  49  proposed  amendments 
were  rejected  by  the  voters  —  a  failure  rate  of  only  14.3%. 

After  the  amendments  of  the  early  1960s,  the  pressure  for  constitutional  change 
subsided.  Yet,  while  the  frequent  use  of  the  amendment  process  had  relieved  many 
of  the  pressures  that  otherwise  would  have  strengthened  the  case  for  constitutional 
reform,  it  had  not  kept  the  constitution  current  in  all  respects.  Constitutional 
amendments  usually  were  drafted  in  response  to  particular  problems  experienced 
or  anticipated.  They  were  generally  limited  in  scope  so  as  to  achieve  the  essential 
goal,  while  arousing  minimum  unnecessary  opposition.  This  strategy  meant 
amendments  sometimes  were  not  as  comprehensive  as  they  should  have  been  to 
avoid  inconsistency  in  result.  Obsolete  and  invalid  provisions  cluttered  the 
constitution  and  misled  unwary  readers.  Moreover,  in  the  absence  of  a  comprehensive 
reappraisal,  there  had  been  no  recent  occasion  to  reconsider  constitutional  provisions 
that,  while  obsolete,  were  not  frustrating  or  unpopular  enough  to  provoke  curative 
amendments. 

The  Cottstitutional  Study  Commission  of  1968 

It  was  perhaps  for  these  reasons  that  when  Governor  Dan  K.  Moore 
recommended  to  the  North  Carolina  State  Bar  in  the  fall  of  1967  that  it  take  the  lead 
in  making  a  study  of  the  need  for  revision  of  the  state  constitution,  the  bars  response 
was  prompt  and  affirmative.  The  North  Carolina  State  Bar  and  the  North  Carolina 
Bar  Association  joined  to  create  the  North  Carolina  State  Constitution  Study 
Commission,  a  joint  agency  of  the  two  organizations.  The  commission's  25  members 
(fifteen  attorneys  and  ten  laymen)  were  chosen  by  a  steering  committee  representative 
of  the  sponsoring  organizations.  The  chairman  of  the  study  commission  was  former 
state  Chief  Justice  Emery  B.  Denny 


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NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Stale  Constitution  Study  Commission  worked  throughout  most  of  1968. 
It  became  clear  early  in  the  course  of  its  proceedings  that  the  amendments  the 
commission  wished  to  propose  were  too  numerous  to  be  submitted  to  the  voters 
as  independent  propositions.  On  the  other  hand,  the  commission  did  not  wish  to 
embody  all  of  its  proposed  changes  in  a  single  document,  to  be  approved  or 
disapproved  by  the  voters  on  a  single  vote.  The  compromise  procedure  developed 
by  the  commission  and  approved  by  the  General  Assembly  was  a  blend  of  the  two 
approaches.  The  commission  combined,  m  a  revised  text  of  the  constitution,  all  of 
the  extensive  editorial  changes  that  it  thought  should  be  made  in  the  constitution, 
together  with  substantive  changes  that  the  commission  judged  would  not  be 
controversial  or  tundamental  m  nature.  These  were  embodied  in  the  document  that 
came  to  be  known  as  the  Constitution  of  1971. 

Those  proposals  for  change  deemed  to  be  sufhciently  fundamental  or  potentially 
controversial  in  character  were  set  out  as  independent  amendment  propositions,  to 
be  considered  by  the  General  Assembly  and  by  the  voters  of  the  state  on  their 
independent  merits.  Thus,  the  opposition  to  the  latter  proposals  would  not  be 
cumulated.  The  separate  proposals  framed  by  the  commission  were  ten  m  number, 
including  one  extensive  revision  of  the  finance  article  of  the  constitution  which  was 
largely  the  work  of  the  Local  Government  Study  Commission,  a  legislatively- 
established  group  then  at  work  on  the  revision  of  constitutional  and  statutory 
provisions  pertaining  to  local  government.  The  amendments  were  so  drafted  that 
any  number  or  combination  of  them  might  be  ratihed  by  the  voters  and  still  produce 
a  consistent  result. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1969,  which  received  the  recommendations  of  the 
State  Constitution  Study  Commission,  reviewed  a  total  of  28  proposals  for 
constitutional  amendments.  Constitutional  revision  v^'as  an  active  topic  of  interest 
throughout  the  session.  The  proposed  Constitution  of  1971,  in  the  course  of  seven 
roll-call  votes  (tour  m  the  House  of  Representatives  and  three  m  the  Senate),  received 
only  one  negative  vote.  The  independent  amendments  fared  variously;  six  were 
ultimately  approved  by  the  General  Assembh'  and  submitted  to  the  voters.  These 
included  the  executive  reorganization  amendment,  the  finance  amendment,  an 
amendment  to  the  income  tax  provision  of  the  constitution,  a  reassignment  of  the 
benefits  ot  escheats,  authorization  for  calling  extra  legislative  sessions  on  the  petition 
ol  members  of  the  General  Assembly  and  abolition  of  the  literacy  test  for  voting.  All  | 
but  the  last  two  of  these  amendments  had  been  recommended  by  the  State  1 
Constitution  Study  Commission.  At  the  election  held  on  November  3,  1970,  the  ' 
proposed  Constitution  of  1971  was  approved  by  a  vote  of  393,759  to  251,132. 
Five  of  the  six  separate  amendments  were  also  approved  by  the  voters;  the  literacy 
test  repeal  was  rejected. 

The  Constitution  of  1971  took  effect  under  its  own  terms  on  July  1,  1971.  So 
did  the  executive  reorganization  amendment,  the  income  tax  amendment,  the  escheats 
amendment  and  the  amendment  with  respect  to  extra  legislative  sessions,  all  of 
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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

which  amended  the  Constitution  of  1971  at  the  instant  it  took  effect.  The  finance 
amendment,  which  made  extensive  revisions  in  the  Constitution  of  1 97 1  with  respect 
to  debt  and  local  taxation,  took  effect  on  July  1,  1973.  The  two-year  delay  in  its 
effective  date  was  required  in  order  for  the  General  Assembly  of  1973  to  conform 
state  statutes  on  local  government  finance  to  the  terms  of  the  amendment. 

The  Constitution  of  1971,  the  State  Constitution  Study  Commission  stated  in 
its  report  recommending  its  adoption: 

effects  a  general  editorial  revision  of  the  constitution...  The  deletions, 
reorganizations,  and  improvements  in  the  clarity  and  consistency  oj  language 
will  he  found  in  the  proposed  constitution.  Some  oj  the  changes  are  substantive, 
hut  none  is  calculated  to  impair  any  present  right  of  the  individual  citizen  or  to 
hring  about  any  fundamental  change  in  the  power  of  state  and  local  government 
or  the  distribution  of  that  power 

The  new  constitution  retained  the  old  fourteen-article  organization  of  its 
predecessor,  but  the  contents  of  several  articles  —  notably  Articles  1,  11,  111,  V,  IX, 
and  X  —  were  rearranged  into  a  more  logical  sequence.  Sections  were  shifted  from 
one  article  to  another  to  arrange  the  subject  matter  more  appropriately.  Clearly 
obsolete  and  erroneous  text  was  deleted,  as  were  provisions  essentially  legislative 
in  character.  The  new  constitution  sought  uniformity  of  expression  where  uniformity 
of  meaning  was  important.  Directness  and  currency  of  language  were  also  sought, 
together  with  standardization  in  spelling,  punctuation,  capitalization  and  other 
essentially  editorial  matters.  Greater  brevity  of  the  constitution  as  a  whole  was  a  by- 
product of  the  revision,  though  not  itself  a  primary  objective. 

The  Declaration  of  Rights  (Article  1),  which  dates  from  1776  (with  some  1868 
additions),  was  retained  with  a  few  additions.  The  organization  of  the  article  was 
improved  and  the  frequently  used  subjunctive  mood  was  replaced  by  the  imperative 
in  order  to  make  clear  that  the  provisions  of  that  article  are  commands  and  not  mere 
admonitions.  (For  example,  "All  elections  ought  to  be  free"  became  "All  elections 
shall  be  free.")  Guarantees  of  freedom  of  speech  and  equal  protection  of  the  laws 
and  a  prohibition  against  exclusion  from  jury  service  or  other  discrimination  by 
the  state  on  the  basis  of  race  or  religion  were  added  to  the  article.  Since  all  of  the 
rights  newly  expressed  in  the  Constitution  of  1971  were  already  guaranteed  by  the 
United  States  Constitution,  their  inclusion  simply  constituted  an  explicit  recognition 
by  the  state  of  their  importance. 

In  the  course  of  reorganizing  and  abbreviating  Article  111  (the  Executive),  the 
governor's  role  as  chief  executive  was  brought  into  clear  focus.  The  scattered  statements 
of  the  governor's  duties  were  collected  in  one  section  to  which  was  added  a  brief 
statement  of  his  budget  powers,  formerly  merely  statutory  in  origin.  No  change 
was  made  in  the  governor's  eligibility  or  term  or  in  the  list  of  state  executives  then 
elected  by  the  people.  The  governor,  heutenant  governor  and  attorney  general  were 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

added  to  the  Council  of  Stale  (formerly  seven  elected  executives  with  the  governor 
only  serving  as  presiding  ollicer)  as  ex-officio  members. 

Having  been  entirely  rewritten  in  1962,  the  judicial  article  (Article  IV)  was  the 
subject  of  little  editorial  alteration  and  of  no  substantive  change. 

The  editorial  amendments  to  Article  V,  dealing  with  hnance  and  taxation,  were 
extensive.  Provisions  concerning  finance  were  transferred  to  it  from  four  other  articles. 
The  former  finance  provisions  were  expanded  m  some  instances  to  make  clearer 
the  meaning  of  excessively-condensed  provisions.  The  only  substantu'e  change  of 
note  gave  a  wife  who  is  the  primary  wage-earner  m  the  family  the  same 
constitutionally-guaranteed  income  tax  exemption  now  granted  a  husband  who  is 
the  chief  wage-earner;  she  already  had  that  benefit  under  statute. 

The  revision  of  Article  VI  (voting  and  elections)  added  out-of-state  and  federal 
felonies  to  felonies  committed  against  the  State  of  North  Carolina  as  grounds  for 
denial  of  voting  and  office-holding  rights  m  this  state.  The  General  Assembly  was 
directed  to  enact  general  laws  governing  voter  registration. 

The  provision  that  had  been  interpreted  to  mean  that  only  voters  can  hold 
office  was  modified  to  limit  its  application  to  popularly  elected  offices  only.  Thus, 
It  IS  left  to  the  legislature  to  determine  whether  one  must  be  a  voter  m  order  to  hold 
an  appointive  office. 

The  Constitution  of  1971  prohibits  the  concurrent  holding  ot  two  or  more 
elective  state  offices  or  of  a  federal  office  and  an  elective  state  otfice.  It  expressly 
prohibits  the  concurrent  holding  of  an)'  two  or  more  appointive  offices  or  places  of 
trust  or  profit,  or  of  any  combination  of  elective  and  appomtR'e  offices  or  places  of 
trust  or  profit,  except  as  the  General  Assembly  may  allow  by  general  law. 

The  legislature  retained  the  power  to  provide  for  local  government,  confining 
the  constitutional  provisions  on  the  subject  to  a  general  description  ot  the  General 
Assembly's  plenary  authority  over  local  government  and  a  declaration  that  any  unit 
formed  by  the  merger  of  a  city  and  a  count)'  should  be  deemed  both  a  city  and  a 
county  for  constitutional  purposes  and  a  section  retaining  the  sheriff  as  an  elective 
county  officer. 

The  education  article  (Article  IX)  was  rearranged  to  improve  upon  the  former 
hodge-podge  treatment  oi  public  schools  and  higher  education.  Obsolete  provisions 
—  especially  those  pertaining  to  racial  matters  —  were  eliminated  and  other  changes 
were  made  to  reflect  current  practice  m  the  administration  and  financing  of  schools. 

The  constitutionally  mandated  school  term  was  extended  from  six  months  (set 
in  1918)  to  a  minimum  ol  nine  months  (where  it  had  been  fixed  by  statute  many 
years  earlier).  The  possibly  restrictive  age  limits  on  tuition-free  public  schooling 
were  remo\'ed.  Units  of  local  government  to  which  the  General  Assembly  assigns  a 
share  of  responsibility  for  financing  public  education  were  authorized  to  finance 
education  programs,  including  both  public  schools  and  technical  institutes  and 

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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

community  colleges,  from  local  revenues  without  a  popular  vote  of  approval.  It 
was  made  mandator)^  (it  was  formerly  permissive)  that  the  General  Assembly  require 
school  attendance. 

The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  was  eliminated  as  a  voting  member  of 
the  State  Board  of  Education  but  retained  as  the  boards  secretary  He  was  replaced 
with  an  additional  at-large  appointee.  A  potential  conflict  of  authority  between  the 
superintendent  and  the  board,  both  of  which  previously  had  constitutional  authority 
to  administer  the  public  schools,  was  eliminated  by  making  the  superintendent  the 
chief  administrative  officer  of  the  board,  which  was  charged  with  supervising  and 
administering  the  schools. 

The  provisions  governing  state  and  county  school  funds  were  retained  with 
only  minor  editorial  modifications.  Fines,  penalties  and  forfeitures  continued  to  be 
earmarked  for  the  county  school  fund. 

The  former  provisions  dealing  with  The  University  of  North  Carolina  were 
broadened  into  a  statement  of  the  General  Assembly's  duty  to  maintain  a  system  of 
higher  education. 

The  General  Assembly  was  authorized  by  the  changes  made  in  Article  X 
(Homesteads  and  Exemptions)  to  set  the  amounts  of  the  personal  property  exemption 
and  the  homestead  exemption  (constitutionally  fixed  at  $500  and  $1,000  respectively 
since  1868)  at  what  it  considered  to  be  reasonable  levels,  with  the  constitutional 
figures  being  treated  as  minimums.  The  provision  protecting  the  rights  of  married 
women  to  deal  with  their  own  property  was  left  untouched.  The  protection  given 
hfe  insurance  taken  out  for  the  benefit  of  wives  and  children  was  broadened. 

The  pro\isions  prescribing  the  permissible  punishments  for  crime  and  Umiting 
the  crimes  punishable  by  death  (Article  XI)  were  left  essentially  intact. 

The  procedures  for  constitutional  revision  (xA.rticle  XIII)  were  made  more  explicit. 
The  five  constitutional  amendments  ratified  at  the  same  time  as  the  Constitution 
of  1971  deser\'e  particular  mention. 

The  Constitutional  Amendments  of  1970-71 

By  the  end  of  the  1960s,  North  Carolina  state  government  consisted  of  over 
200  state  administrative  agencies.  The  State  Constitutional  Study  Commission 
concluded,  on  the  advice  of  witnesses  who  had  tried  ii,  that  no  governor  could 
effectively  oversee  an  administrative  apparatus  of  such  disjointed  complexity  The 
commissions  solution  was  an  amendment,  patterned  after  the  Model  State 
Constitution  and  the  constitutions  of  a  few  other  states,  requiring  the  General 
Assembly  to  reduce  the  number  of  administrative  departments  to  not  more  than  25 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

by  1975  and  to  give  the  governor  authority  to  reorganize  and  consohdate  agencies, 
sub]cct  to  disapproval  by  action  of  either  house  of  the  legislature  it  the  changes 
affected  existing  statutes. 

The  second  separate  constitutional  amendment  ratified  m  1970  supplemented 
the  existing  authority  of  the  governor  to  call  extra  sessions  ot  the  General  Assembly 
with  the  advice  of  the  Council  of  State.  The  amendment  provided  that,  on  written 
request  of  three-fifths  of  all  the  members  of  each  house,  the  president  of  the  Senate 
and  the  speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  must  convene  an  extra  session  of 
the  General  Assembly.  Thus  the  legislative  branch  is  now  able  to  convene  itself, 
notwithstanding  the  contrary  wishes  of  the  governor. 

The  most  significant  of  the  separate  amendments  —  and  m  some  ways  the 
most  important  of  the  constitutional  changes  ratified  m  1970  —  is  the  Finance 
Amendment.  This  amendment,  ratified  m  1970  and  effective  July  1,  1973,  is 
especially  important  m  the  financing  of  local  government.  Its  principal  provisions: 

Prohibited  all  forms  of  capitation  or  poll  tax. 

Authorized  the  General  Assembly  to  enact  laws  empowering  counties, 
cities  and  towns  to  establish  special  taxing  districts  less  extensive  in  area 
than  the  entire  county  or  city  m  order  to  finance  the  provision  within 
those  special  districts  of  a  higher  level  of  governmental  service  than  that 
available  in  the  unit  at  laige,  either  by  supplementing  existing  seivices  or 
providing  services  not  otherwise  available.  This  provision  eliminated  the 
previous  necessity  of  creating  a  new,  independent  governmental  unit  to 
accomplish  the  same  result 

Provided  that  the  General  Assembly,  acting  on  a  uniform,  statewide 
basis,  should  make  the  final  determination  of  whether  voters  must 
approve  the  levy  of  property  taxes  or  the  borrowing  of  money  to  finance 
particular  activities  of  local  government  For  a  century,  the  constitution 
had  required  that  the  levying  of  taxes  and  the  borrowing  of  money  by 
local  govemment  be  approved  by  a  vote  of  the  people  of  the  unit,  unless 
the  money  was  to  be  used  for  a  "necessary  expense."  The  judiciary,  not 
the  General  Assembly,  was  the  final  arbiter  of  what  was  a  "necessary 
expense,"  and  the  Supreme  Court  tended  to  take  a  rather  restrictive 
view  of  necessity.  The  determination  of  what  types  of  public 
exjDcnditur'es  should  require  voter  approval  and  what  types  should  be 
made  by  a  governing  boar'd  on  its  own  authority  was  found  by  the 
General  Assembly  to  be  a  legislative  and  not  a  judicial  matter.  The 
Finance  Amendment  hewed  to  this  finding. 

Authorized  state  and  local  government  units  to  enter  into  contracts  with 
and  appropriate  money  to  private  entities  '*for  the  accomplishment  of 
pviblic  purposes  only."  This  was  designed  to  facilitate  cooperative 
endeavors  by  government  and  the  private  sector  for  public  purposes. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

Defined  the  various  forms  of  public  financial  obligations  more  precisely 
than  in  the  previous  constitution,  with  the  general  efiFect  of  requiring 
voter  approval  only  for  the  issuance  of  general  obligation  bonds  and 
notes  or  for  governmental  guarantees  of  the  debts  of  private  persons  or 
organizations.  The  General  Assembly  was  directed  to  regulate  by  general 
law  (permitting  classified  but  not  local  acts)  the  contracting  of  debt  by 
local  governments. 

Retained  the  existing  limitation  that  state  and  local  governments  may 
not,  without  voter  approval,  borrow  more  than  the  equivalent  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  amount  by  which  the  unif  s  indebtedness  was  reduced 
during  the  last  fiscal  period,  except  for  purposes  listed  in  the 
constitution.  This  list  was  lengthened  to  include  "emergencies 
immediately  threatening  public  health  or  safety." 

Retained  unchanged  the  provisions  governing  the  classification  and 
exemption  of  property  for  purposes  of  property  taxation. 

Omitted  the  limitation  of  200  per  $100  of  valuation  previously  imposed 
on  the  general  county  property  tax. 

The  fourth  independent  amendment  also  dealt  with  taxation.  It  struck  out  a 
schedule  of  specified  minimum  exemptions  from  the  constitutional  pro\'ision  on 
the  state  income  tax,  leaving  those  exemptions  to  be  fixed  by  the  General  Assembly. 
This  change  enabled  the  legislature  to  provide  for  the  filmg  of  joint  tax  returns  by 
husbands  and  wives  and  to  adopt  a  "piggyback"  state  income  tax  to  be  computed 
on  the  same  basis  as  the  federal  income  tax,  thus  reheving  the  taxpayer  of  two  sets 
of  computations.  The  amendment  retained  the  maximum  tax  rate  of  ten  percent. 

The  final  amendment  ratifted  in  1970  assigned  to  a  special  fund  the  benefits  of 
property  escheating  to  the  state  in  cases  where  no  heir  or  other  lawful  claimant 
came  forward.  These  benefits  were  henceforth  to  help  needy  North  Carolina  students 
attend  public  institutions  of  higher  education  in  the  state.  Property  escheating  prior 
to  July  1,  1971,  continued  to  be  held  by  the  University  of  North  Carolina  as  then 
constituted. 

The  one  amendment  defeated  by  the  voters  in  1970  would  have  repealed  the 
state  constitutional  requirement  that,  in  order  to  register  as  a  voter,  one  must  be 
able  to  read  and  write  the  English  language.  The  requirement  had  already  been 
nuUihed  by  federal  legislation  and  the  failure  of  repeal  had  no  jiractical  effect. 

Constitutional  Amendments,  1971-2004 

The  General  Assembly  of  1971  submitted  to  the  voters  five  state  constitutional 
amendments,  all  of  which  were  ratified  by  referendum  on  November  7,  1972.  These 
amendments: 

Set  the  constitutionally-specified  voting  age  at  ISyears. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Required  the  General  Assembly  to  set  maximum  age  limits  for  service  as 
justices  and  judges  of  the  state  courts. 

Authorized  the  General  Assembly  to  prescribe  procedures  for  the 
censure  and  removal  of  state  judges  and  justices. 

Added  to  the  constitution  a  statement  of  policy  with  regard  to  the 
conseivation  and  protection  of  natural  resources. 

Limited  the  authority  of  the  General  Assembly  to  incorporate  cities  and 
towns  within  close  proximity  of  existing  municipalities. 

The  General  Assembly,  at  us  1973  session,  submitted  —  and  voters  m  1974 
approved  —  an  amendment  changing  the  title  of  solicitor  to  that  of  district  attorney. 
The  1974  legislative  session  submitted  an  amendment  authorizing  the  issuance  by 
state  or  county  governments  of  revenue  bonds  to  hnance  industrial  facilities,  a 
measure  the  voters  rejected. 

In  1975,  the  General  Assembly  submitted  two  amendments  authorizing 
legislation  to  permit  the  issuance  of  tax-exempt  revenue  bonds  by  state  and  local 
governments  to  hnance  health  care  facilities  and  by  counties  to  hnance  industrial 
facihties.  Both  received  voter  approval  on  March  23,  1976. 

The  constitutional  amendments  of  1835  had  permitted  the  voters  to  elect  a 
governor  for  two  successive  two-year  terms.  The  Constitution  of  1868  extended 
the  governors  term  to  four  years,  but  prohibited  the  governor  and  lieutenant  governor 
from  serving  successive  four-year  terms  of  the  same  ofhce.  The  1971  constitution 
retained  this  hmitation.  An  amendment  to  empower  voters  to  elect  both  the  governor 
and  lieutenant  governor  to  two  successive  terms  of  the  same  ofhce  was  submitted 
by  the  1977  General  Assembly  and  ratihed  by  the  voters  on  November  8,  1977. 
Four  other  amendments  were  approved  by  the  voters  at  the  same  time.  These 
amendments: 

Required  that  the  state  operate  on  a  balanced  budget  at  all  times. 

Extended  to  widowers  (as  well  as  to  widows)  the  benefit  of  the 
homestead  exemption. 

Allowed  a  woman  (as  well  as  a  man)  to  insure  her  life  for  the  benefit  of 
her  spouse  or  children  fi^ee  fi:'om  all  claims  of  the  insured's  creditors  or 
of  her  (or  his)  estate. 

Authorized  municipalities  owning  or  operating  electric  power  facilities  to 
do  so  jointly  with  other  public  or  private  power  organizations  and  to 
issue  electric  system  revenue  bonds  to  finance  such  facilities. 

Only  one  amendment  was  proposed  by  the  General  Assembly  of  1979.  Approved 
by  the  voters  in  1980,  it  required  that  all  justices  and  judges  of  the  state  courts  be 
licensed  lawyers  as  a  condition  of  election  or  appointment  to  the  bench. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

The  1981  session  of  the  General  Assembly  sent  five  amendments  to  the  voters 
for  decision  on  June  29,  1982.  The  two  amendments  ratified  by  the  voters  authorized 
the  General  Assembly  to  provide  for  the  recall  of  retired  state  Supreme  Court  justices 
and  Court  of  Appeals  judges  to  temporary'  duty  on  either  court  and  to  empower  the 
Supreme  Court  to  review  direct  appeals  from  the  UtiUties  Commission.  The  voters 
rejected  amendments: 

Extending  the  terms  of  all  members  of  the  General  Assembly  fir om  two 
to  four  years. 

Authorizing  the  General  Assembly  to  empower  public  agencies  to 
develop  new  and  existing  seaports  and  airports  and  to  finance  and 
refinance  seaport,  airport  and  related  commercial  and  industrial  fecUities 
for  public  and  private  parties. 

Authorizing  the  General  Assembly  to  empower  a  state  agency  to  issue 
tax-exempt  bonds  to  finance  facilities  for  private  institutions  of  higher 
education. 

At  its  1982  session,  the  General  Assembly  submitted  two  amendments.  On 
November  2,  1982,  the  electorate  ratified  an  amendment  shifting  the  beginning  of 
legislative  terms  from  the  date  of  election  to  January  1  following  the  election.  They 
rejected  an  amendment  that  would  have  permitted  municipahties  to  issue  tax- 
increment  bonds  without  voter  approval. 

On  May  8,  1984,  voters  ratified  an  amendment  submitted  by  the  General 

•Assembly  of  1983  that  authorized  the  General  Assembly  to  create  an  agency  to 

issue  tax-exempt  revenue  bonds  to  finance  agricultural  facilities.  On  November  6, 

1984,  voters  approved  an  amendment  requiring  that  the  attorney  general  and  all 

district  attorneys  be  licensed  lawyers  as  a  condition  of  election  or  appointment. 

An  amendment  to  shift  elections  for  state  legislative,  executive  and  judicial  officers 
and  for  county  officers  from  even-numbered  to  odd-numbered  years  (beginning  in 
1989  for  legislators  and  1993  for  governors  and  other  state  executives)  was  submitted 
by  the  General  Assembly  of  1985  to  the  voters,  who  rejected  it  on  May  6,  1986.  An 
amendment  to  revert  to  the  pre- 1977  constitutional  policy  that  barred  the  governor 
I  and  lieutenant  governor  from  election  to  two  successive  terms  of  the  same  office 
was  proposed  by  the  1985  legislative  session  for  a  popular  vote  on  November  4, 
1986.  The  1986  adjourned  session  repealed  the  act  proposing  the  amendment 
before  it  could  go  to  popular  referendum. 

In  mid- 1986,  the  General  Assembly  at  its  adjourned  session  voted  to  send  to 
the  voters  three  constitutional  amendments,  all  three  of  which  were  approved  on 
November  4,  1986.  These  amendments: 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Authorized  legislation  enabling  state  and  local  govemments  to  develop 
seapoits  and  airpoits  and  to  participate  jointly  with  other  public 
agencies  and  with  private  parties  and  issue  tax-exempt  bonds  for  that 
puipose. 

Authoi-ized  the  state  to  issue  tax-exempt  bonds  to  finance  or  refinance 
private  college  facilities. 

Provided  that  when  a  vacancy  occurs  among  the  eight  elected  state 
executive  officers  (not  including  the  governor  and  lieutenant  governor) 
or  elected  judges  and  justices  more  than  60  days  (it  had  been  30  days) 
before  a  general  election,  the  vacancy  must  be  filled  at  that  election. 

The  legislative  sessions  from  1987  through  1994  sent  only  one  proposed 
constitutional  amendment  to  the  voters,  an  unusually  low  number  for  so  long  a 
period.  The  1993  session  submitted  a  proposal  to  allow  cities  and  counties  to 
issue  tax  increment  bonds  without  voter  approval.  The  amendment  was  rejected  by 
a  wide  margin  at  the  polls  on  November  2,  1993. 

The  session  of  1995  submitted  three  proposed  amendments  to  voters,  all  of 
which  they  approved  by  majorities  of  3-1  on  November  5,  1996.  These 
amendments: 

Ended  North  Carolina's  unique  status  as  the  only  state  in  the  Union  that 
did  not  allow  its  governor  to  veto  legislation  enacted  by  the  state 
legislature.  Since  Januaiy  1, 1997,  the  governor  may  veto  ordinary 
statewide  legislation  enacted  by  the  (jieneral  Assembly.  His  veto  may, 
however,  be  overridden  by  a  vote  of  3/5  of  the  members  present  and 
voting  in  both  houses  of  the  legislature. 

Expanded  the  types  of  punishments  that  state  couils  may  impose  on 
persons  convicted  of  ciimes  without  their  consent  This  amendment 
strengthens  the  basis  for  more  modem  foiTns  of  punishment,  such  as 
probation  and  community  service,  not  previously  authorized  by  the  state 
constitution. 

Assured  victims  of  crime  (as  defined  by  the  General  Assembly)  of 
certain  rights,  such  as  the  right  to  be  informed  about  and  attend  court 
proceedings  held  with  respect  to  the  accused. 

Recent  legislative  sessions  have  considered  several  amendments  to  eliminate 
the  popularly-elected  status  of  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  In  1997, 
one  of  those  proposals  won  approval  in  the  Senate  and  came  within  two  votes  of 
passing  111  the  House  of  Representatives. 

Two  other  amendments  passed  the  Senate  and  remained  before  the  House  of 
Representatives  in  the  1998  regular  session.  One  amendment  would  limit  legislative 
sessions  m  odd-numbered  years  to  135  calendar  days,  which  could  be  extended  by 
ten  days.  The  amendment  would  limit  regular  sessions  m  even-numbered  years  to 


100 


NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

60  days,  also  extendible  by  ten  days.  The  amendment  would  also  lengthen  terms 
for  state  senators  from  two  years  to  four  years,  effective  in  1998. 

A  second  pending  proposal  would  allow  counties  to  increase  the  portion  of  the 
value  of  an  elderly  or  disabled  taxpayer's  residence  (homestead)  excluded  from 
property  taxation  and  raise  the  maximum  income  threshold  for  taxpayers  to  qualify 
for  the  homestead  exemption. 

Three  amendments  were  approved  by  voters  at  the  polls  in  November,  2004. 
The  first  amendment  allows  local  governments  to  create  economic  development 
districts  and  to  pay  for  infrastructure  improvements  m  those  districts  through  lax 
levies  on  the  enhanced  property  value  of  the  districts.  The  second  amendment  allows 
the  General  Assembly  to  place  the  proceeds  from  ci\al  fines,  forfeitures  and  penalties 
in  a  fund  used  exclusively  to  maintain  public  schools.  The  third  amendment  changes 
the  first  term  of  magistrates  of  the  General  Court  of  Justice  to  two  years  with 
subsequent  terms  lasting  four  years  each. 

Conclusion 

The  people  of  North  Carolina  have  treated  their  constitution  with  conservatism 
and  respect.  The  fact  that  we  have  adopted  only  three  constitutions  in  over  two 
centuries  of  existence  as  a  state  is  the  chief  evidence  of  that  attitude  (some  states 
have  adopted  as  many  as  five  or  ten  constitutions  in  a  like  period).  The  relatively 
small  number  of  amendments,  even  m  recent  years,  is  another  point  of  contrast  to 
many  states.  It  reflects  the  fact  that  North  Carolina  has  been  less  disposed  than  have 
many  states  to  write  into  its  state  constitution  detailed  provisions  dealing  with 
transitory  or  topical  matters  better  left  to  legislation.  The  constitution  has  allowed 
the  General  Assembly  wide  latitude  for  decision  on  public  affairs.  Legislators 
consequently  have  been  willing  to  accept  responsibility  for  and  act  on  matters  within 
their  authority  instead  of  passing  the  responsibility  for  difhcult  decisions  on  to  the 
voters  in  the  form  of  constitutional  amendments. 

Constitutional  draftsmen  have  not  been  so  convinced  of  their  own  exclusive 
hold  on  wisdom  or  so  doubtful  of  the  reliability  of  later  generations  of  legislators 
that  they  found  it  necessary  to  write  into  the  constitution  the  large  amount  oi 
regulatory  detail  often  found  in  state  constitutions.  Delegates  to  constitutional 
conventions  and  members  of  the  General  Assembly  have  acted  consistently  with 
the  advice  of  the  late  John  J.  Parker,  Chief  Judge  of  the  United  States  Court  of 
Appeals  for  the  Fourth  Circuit  (1925-58),  who  observed: 

The  purpose  oj a  state  constitution  is  two-fold:  (J)  to  protect  the  rights  oj  the 
individual  from  encroachment  by  the  state;  and  (2)  to  provide  a  framework  of 
government  for  the  state  and  its  subdivisions.  It  is  not  the  Junction  of  a  constitution 
to  deal  with  temporary  conditions,  but  to  lay  down  general  principles  oj 
government  which  must  be  observed  amid  changing  conditions.  It  follows,  then, 
that  a  constitution  should  not  conUnn  elaborate  legislative  provisions,  but  should 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

/c(v  down  bricjlv  and  dcaiiv  fundamental  principles  upon  which  government 
shall  proceed,  leaving  it  to  the  people's  representatives  to  apply  these  pnnciples 
through  legislation  to  conditions  as  they  arise. Constitutional  Amendments  Since 
1868 

This  table  counts  each  issue  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people  as  a  single 
proposition,  regardless  of  whether  it  actually  involved  a  single  section  (often  the 

case),  a  whole  article  (such  as  the  1900  suffrage  amendment  and  the  1962  court 
amendment)  or  a  revision  of  the  entire  constitution  (such  as  those  m  1868  and 
1970). 

led        Rejected                  Year  of  Vote          Ratified  Rejected 

0                      1948                        1  3 

0                       1950                        5  0 

0                       1952                        3  0 

0                       1954                        4  1 

0  1956          4  0 

1  1958  0  1 
0  1962  6  0 
10  1964  1  1 
0  1966  1  0 
0         1968          2  0 

0  1970          6  1 

1  1972          5  0 

1  1974  1  1 
0         1976          2  0 

2  1977          5  0 

3  1980  1  0 
3  1982  3  4 
0  1984  2  0 
0  1986  3  1 
0         1993          0  1 

0  1996          3  0 

1  2004          3  0 


totals  104  36 


Year  of  Vote 

Rati] 

1868 

1 

1873 

8 

1876 

1 

1880 

2 

1888 

1 

1892 

0 

1900 

1 

1914 

0 

1916 

4 

1918 

2 

1920 

2 

1922 

0 

1924 

3 

1926 

1 

1928 

1 

1930 

0 

1932 

1 

1936 

5 

1938 

2 

1942 

2 

1944 

5 

1946 

1 

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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

Constitution  of  North  Carolina 

[as  amended  to  January  1,  2005] 

Preamble 

We,  the  people  of  the  State  of  North  CaroUna,  grateful  to  Almighty  God,  the 
Sovereign  Ruler  of  Nations,  for  the  preservation  of  the  American  Union  and  the 
existence  of  our  civil,  political  and  religious  liberties,  and  acknowledging  our 
dependence  upon  Him  for  the  continuance  of  those  blessings  to  us  and  our  posterity, 
do,  for  the  more  certain  security  thereof  and  for  the  better  government  of  this  State, 
ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution. 

Article  I 

Declaration  of  Rights 

That  the  great,  general,  and  essential  principles  of  liberty  and  free  government 
may  be  recognized  and  established,  and  that  the  relations  of  this  State  to  the  Union 
and  government  of  the  United  States  and  those  of  the  people  of  this  State  to  the  rest 
of  the  American  people  may  be  defined  and  affirmed,  we  do  declare  that; 

Section  1 ,  The  equality  and  ri^ts  of  persons.  We  hold  it  to  be  self-evident  that  all 
persons  are  created  eciual;  that  they  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain 
inalienable  rights;  that  among  these  are  life,  liberty,  the  enjoyment  of  the  fruits  of 
their  own  labor,  and  the  pursuit  of  happiness. 

Sec.  2.  Sovereignty  of  the  people.  All  political  power  is  vested  m  and  derived  from 
the  people;  all  government  of  right  originates  from  the  people,  is  founded  upon 
their  will  only  and  is  instituted  solely  for  the  good  of  the  whole. 

Sec.  3.  Internal  government  of  the  State.  The  people  of  this  State  have  the  inherent, 
sole,  and  exclusive  right  of  regulating  the  internal  government  and  police  thereof, 
and  of  altering  or  abolishing  their  Constitution  and  form  of  government  whenever 
it  may  be  necessary  to  their  safety  and  happiness;  but  ever)'  such  right  shall  be 
exercised  in  pursuance  of  law  and  consistently  with  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

Sec.  4.  Secession  prohibited.  This  State  shall  ever  remain  a  member  of  the  American 
Union;  the  people  thereof  are  part  of  the  American  nation;  there  is  no  right  on  the 
part  of  this  State  to  secede;  and  all  attempts,  from  whatever  source  or  upon  whatever 
pretext,  to  dissolve  this  Union  or  to  sever  this  Nation,  shall  be  resisted  with  the 
whole  power  of  the  State. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  5.  Allegiance  to  the  United  States.  Every  citizen  of  this  State  owes  paramount 
allegiance  to  the  Consiituiion  and  gox'crnment  of  the  United  States,  and  no  law  or 
ordinance  ol  the  Slate  in  contnu'cntion  or  subversion  thereof  can  have  any  binding 
force. 

! 

Sec.  6.  Separation  ojpowers.  The  legislative,  executive,  and  supreme  judicial  powers 
of  the  State  government  shall  be  lorever  separate  and  distinct  Irom  each  other. 

Sec.  7.  Suspending  laws.  All  power  of  suspending  laws  or  the  execution  of  laws  by 
any  authority,  without  the  consent  of  the  representatives  of  the  people,  is  injurious 
to  their  rights  and  shall  not  be  exercised. 

Sec.  8.  Representation  and  taxation.  The  people  of  this  State  shall  not  be  taxed  or 
made  subject  to  the  payment  of  any  impost  or  duty  without  the  consent  ot  themselves 
or  their  representatives  m  the  General  zA.ssembly,  freely  given. 

Sec.  9.  Frequent  elections.  For  redress  of  grievances  and  for  amending  and 
strengthening  the  laws,  elections  shall  be  often  held. 

Sec.  10.   Free  elections.   All  elections  shall  be  free. 

Sec.  11.  Property  qualifications.  As  political  rights  and  privileges  are  not  dependent 
upon  or  modified  by  property,  no  property  qualifications  shall  affect  the  right  to 
vote  or  hold  office. 

Sec.  12.  Right  of  assembly  and  petition.  The  people  have  a  right  to  assemble 
together  to  consult  for  their  common  good,  to  instruct  their  representatives,  and  to 
apply  to  the  General  Assembly  for  redress  of  grievances;  but  secret  political  societies 
are  dangerous  to  the  liberties  of  a  free  people  and  shall  not  be  tolerated. 

Sec.  13.  Religious  liberty.  All  persons  have  a  natural  and  inalienable  right  to  worship 
Almighty  God  according  to  the  dictates  of  their  own  consciences,  and  no  human 
authority  shall,  m  any  case  whatever,  control  or  interfere  v/ith  the  rights  of  conscience. 

Sec.  14.   Freedom  of  speech  and  press.    Freedom  of  speech  and  of  the  press  are  two 
of  the  great  bulwarks  of  liberty  and  therefore  shall  never  be  restrained,  but  every  i 
person  shall  be  held  responsible  for  their  abuse. 

Sec.  15.  Education.  The  people  have  a  right  to  the  privilege  of  education,  and  it  is 
the  duty  ol  the  State  to  guard  and  maintain  that  right.  ' 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Sec.  16.  Ex  post  facto  laws.  Retrospective  laws,  punishing  acts  committed  before 
the  existence  of  such  laws  and  by  them  only  declared  criminal,  are  oppressive, 
unjust,  and  incompatible  with  liberty,  and  therefore  no  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be 
enacted.  No  law  taxing  retrospectively  sales,  purchases,  or  other  acts  previously 
done  shall  be  enacted. 

Sec.  17.  Slavery  and  involuntary  servitude.  Slavery  is  forever  prohibited. 
Involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime  whereof  the  parties  have 
been  adjudged  guilty,  is  forever  prohibited. 

Sec.  18.  Courts  shall  be  open.  All  courts  shall  be  open;  every  person  for  an  injury 
done  him  m  his  lands,  goods,  person,  or  reputation  shall  have  remedy  by  due 
course  of  law;  and  right  and  justice  shall  be  administered  without  favor,  denial,  or 
delay 

Sec.  19.  Law  of  the  land;  equal  protection  of  the  laws.  No  person  shall  be  taken, 
imprisoned,  or  disseized  of  his  freehold,  liberties,  or  privileges,  or  outlawed,  or 
exiled,  or  in  any  manner  deprived  of  his  life,  liberty,  or  property,  but  by  the  law  of 
the  land.  No  person  shall  be  denied  the  equal  protection  of  the  laws;  nor  shall  any 
person  be  subjected  to  discrimination  by  the  State  because  of  race,  color,  religion, 
or  national  origin. 

Sec.  20.  General  warrants.  General  warrants,  whereby  any  officer  or  other  person 
may  be  commanded  to  search  suspected  places  without  evidence  of  the  act  committed, 
or  to  seize  any  person  or  persons  not  named,  whose  offense  is  not  particularly 
described  and  supported  by  evidence,  are  dangerous  to  liberty  and  shall  not  be 
granted. 

Sec.  21.  Inquiry  into  restraints  on  liberty.  Every  person  restrained  of  his  liberty  is 
entitled  to  a  remedy  to  inquire  into  the  lawfulness  thereof,  and  to  remove  the  restraint 
if  unlawful,  and  that  remedy  shall  not  be  denied  or  delayed.  The  privilege  of  the 
writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended. 

Sec.  22.  Modes  of  prosecution.  Except  in  misdemeanor  cases  initiated  in  the  District 
Court  Division,  no  person  shall  be  put  to  answer  any  criminal  charge  but  by 
indictment,  presentment,  or  impeachment.  But  any  person,  when  represented  by 
counsel,  may  under  such  regulations  as  the  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe,  waive 
I  indictment  m  noncapital  cases. 


105 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  23.  Rights  of  accused.  In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  ever)'  person  charged  with 
crime  has  the  right  to  be  informed  of  the  accusation  and  to  confront  the  accusers 
and  witnesses  with  other  testimony,  and  to  have  counsel  tor  defense,  and  not  be 
compelled  to  gi\'e  self-mcriminating  evidence,  or  to  pay  costs,  jail  fees,  or  necessary 
witness  fees  of  the  defense,  unless  found  guilty. 

Sec.  24.  Right  of  jury  trial  in  criminal  cases.  No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  any 
crime  but  b\'  the  unanimous  x'crdict  of  a  ]ury  in  open  court.  The  General  Assembly 
may,  howe\'er,  provide  for  other  means  of  trial  for  misdemeanors,  with  the  right  of 
appeal  for  trial  de  novo. 

Sec.  25.  Right  oj  jury  trial  in  civil  cases.  In  all  controversies  at  law  respecting 
property,  the  ancient  mode  of  trial  by  jury  is  one  of  the  best  securities  of  the  rights 
of  the  people,  and  shall  remain  sacred  and  in\'iolable. 

Sec.  26.  Jury  service.  No  person  shall  be  excluded  from  jury  serMce  on  account  of 
sex,  race,  color,  religion,  or  national  origin. 

Sec.  27.  Bail,  fines,  and  punishments.  Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor 
excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  or  unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

Sec.  28.  Imprisonment  for  debt.  There  shall  be  no  imprisonment  for  debt  in  this 
State,  except  m  cases  ot  traud. 

Sec.  29.  Treason  against  the  State.  Treason  against  the  State  shall  consist  only  of 
levying  war  against  it  or  adhering  to  its  enemies  by  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 
No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  ot  two  witnesses 
to  tlie  same  overt  act,  or  on  contession  m  open  court.  No  conviction  ot  treason  or 
attainder  shall  work  corruption  of  blood  or  torfeiture. 

Sec.  30.  Militia  and  the  right  to  hear  arms.  A  well  regulated  militia  being  necessaiy 
to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not 
be  infringed;  and,  as  standing  armies  m  time  of  peace  are  dangerous  to  liberty,  they 
shall  not  be  maintained,  and  the  military'  shall  be  kepi  under  strict  subordination 
to,  and  governed  by,  the  civil  power.  Nothing  herein  shall  justify  the  practice  of 
canying  concealed  weapons,  or  prevent  the  General  Assembly  from  enacting  penal 
statutes  against  that  practice, 

Sec.  31.  Quartering  of  soldiers.  No  soldier  shall  m  time  of  peace  be  quartered  in 
any  house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor  in  time  ot  war  but  in  a  manner 
prescribed  by  law. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Sec.  32.  Exclusive  emoluments.  No  person  or  set  of  persons  is  entitled  to  exclusive 
or  separate  emoluments  or  privileges  from  the  community  but  in  consideration  of 
public  services. 

Sec.  33.  Hereditary  emoluments  and  honors.  No  hereditary  emoluments,  privileges, 
or  honors  shall  be  granted  or  conferred  m  this  State. 

Sec.  34.  Perpetuities  and  monopolies.  Perpetuities  and  monopolies  are  contrar)'  to 
the  genius  of  a  free  state  and  shall  not  be  allowed. 

Sec.  35.  Recurrence  to  fundamental  principles.  A  frequent  recurrence  to  fundamental 
principles  is  absolutely  necessary  to  preserve  the  blessings  of  liberty 

Sec.  36.  Other  rights  of  the  people.  The  enumeration  of  rights  in  this  Article  shall 
not  be  construed  to  impair  or  deny  others  retained  by  the  people. 

Sec.  37.   Rights  of  victims  of  crime. 

(1)   Basic  rights.   Victims  ot  crime,  as  prescribed  by  law,  shall  be  entitled  to  the 
following  basic  rights: 

(a)  The  right  as  prescribed  by  law  to  be  informed  of  and  to  be  present  at 
court  proceedings  of  the  accused. 

(b)  The  right  to  be  heard  at  sentencing  of  the  accused  in  a  manner  prescribed 
by  law,  and  at  other  times  as  prescribed  by  law  or  deemed  appropriate  by 
the  court. 

(c)  The  right  as  prescribed  by  law  to  receive  restitution. 

(d)  The  right  as  prescribed  by  law  to  be  given  information  about  the  crime, 
how  the  criminal  justice  system  works,  the  rights  of  victims,  and  the 
availability  of  services  for  victims. 

(e)  The  right  as  prescribed  by  law  to  receive  information  about  the  conviction 
or  final  disposition  and  sentence  of  the  accused. 

(0  The  right  as  prescribed  by  law  to  receive  notification  of  escape,  release, 
proposed  parole  or  pardon  of  the  accused,  or  notice  of  a  reprieve  or 
commutation  of  the  accuseds  sentence. 

Cg)  The  right  as  prescribed  by  law  to  present  their  views  and  concerns  to 
the  Governor  or  agency  considering  any  action  that  could  result  in  the  release 
of  the  accused,  prior  to  such  action  becoming  effective. 
(h)  The  right  as  prescribed  by  law  to  confer  with  the  prosecution. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

(2)  No  money  damages;  other  enforcement.  Nothmg  m  this  section  shall  be 
construed  as  creating  a  claim  for  money  damages  against  the  State,  a  county,  a 
municipality,  or  any  of  the  agencies,  instrumentalities,  or  employees  thereof. 
The  General  Assembly  may  provide  for  other  remedies  to  ensure  adequate 
enforcement  of  this  section. 

(3)  No  ground  for  relief  in  criminal  case.  The  failure  or  inability  of  any  person 
to  provide  a  right  or  seivice  provided  under  this  section  may  not  be  used  by  a 
defendant  m  a  criminal  case,  an  inmate,  or  any  other  accused  as  a  ground  tor 
relief  in  any  trial,  appeal,  postconviction  litigation,  habeas  corpus,  civil  action, 
or  any  similar  criminal  or  civil  proceeding. 

Article  II 

Legislative 

Section  1 .    Legislative  power.    The  legislative  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  in 
the  General  Assembly,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  a  House  of  Representatives,  i 

Sec.  2.  Number  of  Senators.  The  Senate  shall  be  composed  of  50  Senators,  biennially 
chosen  by  ballot.  . 

Sec.  3.  Senate  districts;  apportionment  of  Senators.  The  Senators  shall  be  elected  , 
from  districts.  The  General  Assembly,  at  the  hrst  regular  session  convening  alter  ' 
the  return  of  every  decennial  census  of  population  taken  by  order  of  Congress,  ■ 
shall  revise  the  senate  districts  and  the  apportionment  of  Senators  among  those  I 
districts,  subject  to  the  following  requirements: 

I 

(1)  Each  Senator  shall  represent,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  an  equal  number  of  J 

inhabitants,  the  number  of  inhabitants  that  each  Senator  represents  being  | 
determined  for  this  purpose  by  dividing  the  population  ot  the  district  that  he 
represents  by  the  number  of  Senators  apportioned  to  that  district; 

(2)  Each  senate  district  shall  at  all  times  consist  of  contiguous  territory; 

(3)  No  county  shall  be  divided  m  the  formation  of  a  senate  district; 

(4)  When  estabhshed,  the  senate  districts  and  the  apportionment  of  Senators 
shall  remain  unaltered  until  the  return  of  another  decennial  census  of  population 
taken  by  order  of  Congress. 

Sec.  4.  Number  of  Representatives.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed 

of  120  Representatives,  biennially  chosen  by  ballot. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Sec.  5.  Representative  districts;  apportionment  of  Representatives.  The 
Representatives  shall  be  elected  from  districts.  The  General  Assembly,  at  the  first 
regular  session  convening  after  the  return  of  ever)'  decennial  census  of  population 
taken  by  order  of  Congress,  shall  revise  the  representative  districts  and  the 
apportionment  of  Representatives  among  those  districts,  subject  to  the  following 
requirements: 

(1)  Each  Representative  shall  represent,  as  nearly  as  may  be,  an  equal  number 
of  inhabitants,  the  number  of  inhabitants  that  each  Representative  represents 
being  determined  for  this  purpose  by  dividing  the  population  of  the  district 
that  he  represents  by  the  number  of  Representatives  apportioned  to  that  district; 

(2)  Each  representative  district  shall  at  all  times  consist  of  contiguous  territory; 

(3)  No  county  shall  be  divided  in  the  formation  of  a  representative  district; 

(4)  When  established,  the  representative  districts  and  the  apportionment  of 
Representatives  shall  remain  unaltered  until  the  return  of  another  decennial  census 
of  population  taken  by  order  of  Congress. 

Sec.  6.  Qualifications  for  Senator.  Each  Senator,  at  the  time  of  his  election,  shall  be 
not  less  than  25  years  of  age,  shall  be  a  qualified  voter  of  the  State,  and  shall  have 
resided  in  the  State  as  a  citizen  for  two  years  and  in  the  district  for  which  he  is 
chosen  for  one  year  immediately  preceding  his  election. 

Sec.  7.  Qualifications  for  Representative.  Each  Representative,  at  the  time  of  his 
election,  shall  be  a  qualified  voter  of  the  State,  and  shall  have  resided  m  the  district 
for  which  he  is  chosen  for  one  year  immediately  preceding  his  election. 

Sec.  8.  Elections.  The  election  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  held 
for  the  respective  districts  in  1972  and  every  two  years  thereafter,  at  the  places  and 
on  the  day  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  9.    Term  of  office.    The  term  of  office  of  Senators  and  Representatives  shall 
;  commence  on  the  hrst  day  of  Januar)'  next  after  their  election. 
li 

I  Sec.  10.    Vacancies.    Every  vacancy  occurring  m  the  membership  of  the  General 
!  Assembly  by  reason  of  death,  resignation,  or  other  cause  shall  be  filled  in  the  manner 

prescribed  by  law. 

;  Sec.  11.  Sessions. 

I  (1)  Regular  Sessions.  The  General  Assembly  shall  meet  in  regular  session  in 
1973  and  every  two  years  thereafter  on  the  day  prescribed  by  law.  Neither 
house  shall  proceed  upon  public  business  unless  a  majority  of  all  of  its  members 
are  actually  present. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

(2)  Extra  sessions  on  legislative  call.  The  President  of  the  Senate  and  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  convene  the  General  Assembly  in 
extra  session  by  their  joint  proclamation  upon  receipt  by  the  President  of  the 
Senate  of  written  requests  therefor  signed  by  three-fifths  of  all  the  members  of 
the  Senate  and  upon  receipt  by  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
written  rec[uests  therefor  signed  by  three-fifths  ot  all  the  members  of  the  House 
of  Representatives. 

Sec.  12.  Oath  oj  members.  Each  member  of  the  General  Assembly,  before  taking 
his  seat,  shall  take  an  oath  or  attirmation  that  he  v^'ill  support  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  the  United  States  and  the  Constitution  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  and 
will  faithfully  discharge  his  duty  as  a  member  of  the  Senate  or  House  of 
Representatives. 

Sec.  1 3.  President  oj  the  Senate.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  President  of  the 
Senate  and  shall  preside  over  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  the  Senate  is 
equally  divided. 

Sec.  14.   Other  officers  of  the  Senate. 

CD  President  Pro  Tempore  -  succession  to  presidency  The  Senate  shall  elect 
from  Its  membership  a  President  Pro  Tempore,  who  shall  become  President  of 
the  Senate  upon  the  failure  of  the  Lieutenant  Go\'ernor-elect  to  qualify,  or  upon 
succession  by  the  Lieutenant  Governor  to  the  oftice  ot  Governor,  or  upon  the 
death,  resignation,  or  removal  from  office  of  the  President  of  the  Senate,  and 
who  shall  ser\'e  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  office  as  Senator. 

(2)  President  Pro  Tempore  -  temporary  succession.  During  the  physical  or 
mental  incapacity  of  the  President  of  the  Senate  to  perform  the  duties  of  his 
oftice,  or  during  the  absence  of  the  President  of  the  Senate,  the  President  Pro 
Tempore  shall  preside  over  the  Senate. 

(3)  Other  ofhcers.   The  Senate  shall  elect  its  other  officers. 

Sec.  15.  Officers  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  The  House  of  Representatives 
shall  elect  its  Speaker  and  other  ofhcers. 

Sec.  16.  Compensation  and  allowances.  The  members  and  officers  of  the  General 
Assembly  shall  receive  tor  their  senices  the  compensation  and  allowances  prescribed 
by  law.  An  increase  m  the  compensation  or  allowances  of  members  shall  become 
effective  at  the  beginning  of  the  next  regular  session  of  the  General  Assembly  following 
the  session  at  which  it  was  enacted. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Sec.  17.  Journals.  Each  house  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  which  shall 
be  printed  and  made  public  immediately  after  the  adjournment  of  the  General 
Assembly. 

Sec.  18.  Protests.  Any  member  of  either  house  may  dissent  from  and  protest 
against  any  act  or  resolve  which  he  may  think  injurious  to  the  public  or  to  any 
individual,  and  have  the  reasons  of  his  dissent  entered  on  the  journal. 

Sec.  19.  Record  votes.  Upon  motion  made  m  either  house  and  seconded  by  one 
fifth  of  the  members  present,  the  yeas  and  nays  upon  any  question  shall  be  taken 
and  entered  upon  the  journal. 

Sec.  20.  Powers  of  the  General  Assembly.  Each  house  shall  be  judge  of  the 
qualifications  and  elections  of  its  own  members,  shall  sit  upon  its  own  adjournment 
from  day  to  day,  and  shall  prepare  bills  to  be  enacted  into  laws.  The  two  houses 
may  jointly  adjourn  to  any  future  day  or  other  place.  Either  house  may,  of  its  own 
motion,  adjourn  for  a  period  not  m  excess  of  three  days. 

Sec.  21.  Style  of  the  acts.  The  style  of  the  acts  shall  be:  "The  General  Assembly  of 
North  Carolina  enacts:". 

Sec.  22.   Action  on  bills. 

(1)  Bills  subject  to  veto  by  Governor;  override  of  veto.  Except  as  provided  by 
subsections  (2)  through  (6)  of  this  section,  all  bills  shall  be  read  three  times  in 
each  house  and  shall  be  signed  by  the  presiding  officer  of  each  house  before 
being  presented  to  the  Governor.  If  the  Governor  approves,  the  Governor  shall 
sign  it  and  it  shall  become  a  law;  but  if  not,  the  Governor  shall  return  it  with 
objections,  together  with  a  veto  message  stating  the  reasons  for  such  objections, 
to  that  house  m  which  it  shall  have  originated,  which  shall  enter  the  objections 
and  veto  message  at  large  on  its  journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after 
such  reconsideration  three-fifths  of  the  members  of  that  house  present  and  voting 
shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  objections  and  veto 
message,  to  the  other  house,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered;  and  if 
approved  by  three-fifths  of  the  members  of  that  house  present  and  voting,  it 
shall  become  a  law  notwithstanding  the  objections  of  the  Governor.  In  all  such 
cases  the  votes  of  both  houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and  the 
names  of  the  members  voting  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  each  house 
respectively. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

(2)  Amendments  to  Constitution  of  North  Carolina.  Eveiy  bill  proposing  a 
new  or  revised  Constitution  or  an  amendment  or  amendments  to  this 
Constitution  or  calling  a  convention  o'i  the  people  ot  this  State,  and  containing 
no  other  matter,  shall  be  submitted  to  the  quaUfied  voters  of  this  State  after  it 
shall  ha\'e  been  read  three  times  in  each  house  and  signed  by  the  presiding 
ofticers  of  both  houses. 

O^  Amendments  to  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  Ever)'  bill  approving  an 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  or  applying  for  a  convention 
to  propose  amendments  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  containing 
no  other  matter,  shall  be  read  three  times  m  each  house  before  it  becomes  law, 
and  shall  be  signed  by  the  presiding  ofhcers  of  both  houses. 

(4)  Joint  resolutions.  Eveiy  joint  resolutic^n  shall  be  read  three  times  in  each 
house  before  it  becomes  effective  and  shall  be  signed  by  the  presiding  ofhcers 
of  both  houses. 

(5)  Other  exceptions.    Eveiy  bill: 

(a)  In  which  the  General  Assembly  makes  an  appointment  or  appointments 
to  public  ofhce  and  which  contains  no  other  matter; 

(b)  Re\'ising  the  senate  districts  and  the  apportionment  of  Senators  among 
those  districts  and  containing  no  other  matter; 

{c)  Revising  the  representative  districts  and  the  apportionment  of 
Representatives  among  those  districts  and  containing  no  other  matter;  or 

(d)  Revising  the  districts  for  the  election  of  members  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  and  the  apportionment 
of  Representatives  among  those  districts  and  containing  no  other  matter, 
shall  be  read  three  times  m  each  house  before  it  becomes  law  and  shall  be 
signed  by  the  presiding  otticers  of  both  houses. 

(6)  Local  bills.  Every  bill  that  applies  m  fewer  than  15  counties  shall  be  read 
three  times  m  each  house  before  it  becomes  law  and  shall  be  signed  by  the 
presiding  ofhcers  of  both  houses.  The  exemption  from  veto  by  the  Governor 
provided  in  this  subsection  does  not  apply  if  the  bill,  at  the  time  it  is  signed  by 
the  presiding  ofhcers: 

(a)  Would  extend  the  application  of  a  law  signed  by  the  presiding  ofhcers 
during  that  two  year  term  of  the  General  Assembly  so  that  the  law  would 
apply  m  more  than  half  the  counties  in  the  State,  or  l 

(b)  Would  enact  a  law  identical  m  effect  to  another  law  or  laws  signed  by 
the  presiding  ofhcers  during  that  two  year  term  of  the  General  Assembly  i 
that  the  result  of  those  laws  taken  together  would  be  a  law  applying  in 
more  than  half  the  counties  in  the  State.  i 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

Notwithstanding  any  other  language  in  this  subsection,  the  exemption  from 
veto  provided  by  this  subsection  does  not  apply  to  any  bill  to  enact  a  general 
lavv'  classihed  by  population  or  other  criteria,  or  to  any  bill  that  contains  an 
appropriation  from  the  State  treasury. 

(7)  Time  for  action  by  Governor;  reconvening  of  session.  If  any  bill  shall  not 
be  returned  by  the  Governor  within  10  days  after  it  shall  have  been  presented  to 
him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the 
General  Assembly  shall  have  adjourned: 

(a)  For  more  than  30  days  jointly  as  provided  under  Section  20  of  Article  11 
of  this  Constitution;  or 

(b)  Sine  die  m  which  case  it  shall  become  a  law  unless,  within  30  days  after 
such  adjournment,  it  is  returned  by  the  Governor  with  objections  and  veto 
message  to  that  house  in  which  it  shall  have  originated.  When  the  General 
Assembly  has  adjourned  sine  die  or  for  more  than  30  days  jointly  as  provided 
under  section  20  of  Article  11  of  this  Constitution,  the  Governor  shall 
reconvene  that  session  as  provided  by  Section  5(11)  of  Article  111  of  this 
Constitution  for  reconsideration  of  the  bill,  and  if  the  Governor  does  not 
reconvene  the  session,  the  bill  shall  become  law  on  the  fortieth  day  after 
such  adjournment.  Notwithstanding  the  previous  sentence,  if  the  Governor 
prior  to  reconvening  the  session  receives  written  requests  dated  no  earlier 
than  30  days  after  such  adjournment,  signed  by  a  majority  of  the  members 
of  each  house  that  a  reconvened  session  to  reconsider  vetoed  legislation  is 
unnecessary,  the  Governor  shall  not  reconvene  the  session  for  that  purpose 
and  any  legislation  vetoed  m  accordance  with  this  section  after  adjournment 
shall  not  become  law. 

(8)  Return  of  bills  after  adjournment.  For  purposes  of  return  of  bills  not 
approved  by  the  Governor,  each  house  shall  designate  an  officer  to  receive 
returned  bills  during  its  adjournment. 

Sec.  23.  Revenue  hills.  No  law  shall  be  enacted  to  raise  money  on  the  credit  of  the 
State,  or  to  pledge  the  faith  of  the  State  direcdy  or  indirectly  for  the  payment  of  an)' 
debt,  or  to  impose  any  tax  upon  the  people  of  the  State,  or  to  allow  the  counties, 
cities,  or  towns  to  do  so,  unless  the  bill  for  the  purpose  shall  have  been  read  three 
several  times  in  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  and  passed  three  several 
readings,  which  readings  shall  have  been  on  three  different  days,  and  shall  have 
been  agreed  to  by  each  house  respectively  and  unless  the  yeas  and  nays  on  the 
second  and  third  readings  of  the  bill  shall  have  been  entered  on  the  journal. 

Sec.  24.    Limitations  on  local,  private,  and  special  legislation. 

(1)  Prohibited  subjects.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  enact  any  local,  private, 
or  special  act  or  resolution: 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

(a)  Relating  to  health,  sanitation,  and  the  abatement  of  nuisances; 

(b)  Changing  the  names  of  cities,  towns,  and  townships; 

(c)  Authorizing  the  laying  out,  opening,  altering,  mamtanimg,  or 
discontinuing  ol  highways,  streets,  or  alleys; 

(d)  Relating  to  ferries  or  bridges; 

(e)  Relating  to  non-navigable  streams; 

(f)  Relating  to  cemeteries; 

(g)  Relating  to  the  pay  of  jurors; 

(h)  Erecting  new  townships,  or  changing  township  lines,  or  establishing 
or  changing  the  lines  oi  school  districts; 

Ci)  Remitting  hues,  penalties,  and  forfeitures,  or  refunding  moneys  legally 
paid  into  the  public  treasuiy; 

(j)  Regulating  labor,  trade,  mining,  or  manufacturing; 

(k)  Extending  the  time  tor  the  le\y  or  collection  of  taxes  or  otherwise  relieving 
any  collector  of  taxes  from  the  due  performance  of  his  oiticial  duties  or  his 
sureties  from  liability; 

(0  Giving  effect  to  informal  wills  and  deeds; 

(m)  Granting  a  divorce  or  securing  alimony  m  any  individual  case; 

(,n)  Altering  the  name  of  any  person,  or  legitimating  any  person  not  born  m 
lawful  wedlock,  or  restoring  to  the  rights  of  citizenship  any  person  convicted 
of  a  felony. 

(2)  Repeals.  Nor  shall  the  General  Assembly  enact  any  such  local,  private,  or 
special  act  by  the  partial  repeal  of  a  general  law;  but  the  General  Assembly  may 
at  any  time  repeal  local,  private,  or  special  laws  enacted  by  it. 

C3)  Prohibited  acts  void.  Any  local,  private,  or  special  act  or  resolution  enacted 
in  violation  ot  the  provisions  of  this  Section  shall  be  void. 

(4)  General  laws.  The  General  Assembly  may  enact  general  laws  regulating  the 
matters  set  out  m  this  Section. 

Article  Ml 

Executive 

Section  1 .   Executive  power.   The  executive  power  of  the  State  shall  be  vested  m  the 
Governor. 

Sec.  2.    Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor:    election,  term,  and  qualifications. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

(1)  Election  and  term.  The  Governor  and  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  elected 
by  the  quaUfied  voters  of  the  State  in  1972  and  every  four  years  thereafter,  at  the 
same  time  and  places  as  members  of  the  General  Assembly  are  elected.  Their 
term  of  office  shall  be  four  years  and  shall  commence  on  the  first  day  of  Januar)' 
next  after  their  election  and  continue  until  their  successors  are  elected  and 
qualified. 

(2)  Quahftcations.  No  person  shall  be  eligible  for  election  to  the  office  of 
Governor  or  Lieutenant  Governor  unless,  at  the  time  of  his  election,  he  shall 
have  attained  the  age  of  30  years  and  shall  have  been  a  citizen  of  the  United 
States  for  five  years  and  a  resident  of  this  State  for  two  years  immediately  preceding 
his  election.  No  person  elected  to  the  office  of  Governor  or  Lieutenant  Governor 
shall  be  eligible  for  election  to  more  than  two  consecutive  terms  of  the  same 
office. 

Sec.  3.   Succession  to  office  of  Governor. 

(1)  Succession  as  Governor.  The  Lieutenant  Governor-elect  shall  become 
Governor  upon  the  failure  of  the  Governor-elect  to  qualify.  The  Lieutenant 
Governor  shall  become  Governor  upon  the  death,  resignation,  or  removal  from 
office  of  the  Governor.  The  further  order  of  succession  to  the  office  of  Governor 
shall  be  prescribed  by  law.  A  successor  shall  serve  for  the  remainder  of  the  term 
of  the  Governor  whom  he  succeeds  and  until  a  new  Governor  is  elected  and 
quahfied. 

(2)  Succession  as  Acting  Governor.  Durmg  the  absence  of  the  Governor  from 
the  State,  or  during  the  physical  or  mental  incapacity  of  the  Governor  to  perform 
the  duties  of  his  office,  the  Lieutenant  Governor  shall  be  Acting  Governor.  The 
further  order  of  succession  as  Acting  Governor  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

(3)  Physical  incapacity  The  Governor  may  by  a  written  statement  hied  with 
the  Attorney  General,  declare  that  he  is  physically  incapable  of  performing  the 
duties  of  his  office,  and  may  thereafter  in  the  same  manner  declare  thai  he  is 
physically  capable  of  performing  the  duties  of  his  office. 

(4)  Mental  incapacity  The  mental  incapacity  of  the  Governor  to  perform  the 
duties  of  his  office  shall  be  determined  only  by  joint  resolution  adopted  by  a 
vote  of  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly 
Thereafter,  the  mental  capacity  of  the  Governor  to  perform  the  duties  of  his 
office  shall  be  determined  only  by  joint  resolution  adopted  by  a  vote  of  a  majority 
of  all  the  members  of  each  house  of  the  General  Assembly  In  all  cases,  the 
General  Assembly  shall  give  the  Governor  such  notice  as  it  may  deem  proper 
and  shall  allow  him  an  opportunity  to  be  heard  before  a  joint  session  of  the 
General  Assembly  before  it  takes  final  action.  When  the  General  Assembly  is 
not  m  session,  the  Council  of  State,  a  majority  of  its  members  concurring,  may 
convene  it  m  extra  session  for  the  purpose  of  proceeding  under  this  paragraph. 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

C5)  Impeachmenl.  Remox'al  ot  the  Governor  trom  office  for  any  other  cause 
shall  be  by  impeachmenl. 

Sec.  4.  Oath  of  office  for  Governor.  The  Governor,  before  entering  upon  the  duties 
oi  his  ottice,  shall,  before  any  Justice  of  Supreme  Court,  lake  an  oath  or  atlirmation 
that  he  will  support  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Stale 
ot  North  Carolina,  and  that  he  will  faithfully  perform  the  duties  pertaining  to  the 
oflice  of  Governor. 

Sec.  5.    Duties  of  Governor 

{D  Residence.  The  Governor  shall  reside  at  the  seat  of  government  of  this 
State. 

(2)  Intormalion  to  General  Assembly.  The  Governor  shall  trom  time  to  time 
give  the  General  Assembly  information  of  the  affairs  of  the  State  and  recommend 
to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  deem  expedient. 

(3)  Budget.  The  Governor  shall  prepare  and  recommend  to  the  General 
Assembly  a  comprehensive  budget  of  the  anticipated  revenue  and  proposed 
expenditures  ot  the  State  for  the  ensuing  fiscal  period.  The  budget  as  enacted 
by  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  administered  by  the  Governor. 

The  total  expenditures  of  the  Slate  for  the  hscal  period  covered  by  the  budget 
shall  not  exceed  the  total  of  receipts  during  that  fiscal  period  and  the  surplus 
remaining  m  the  State  Treasury  at  the  beginning  of  the  period.  To  insure  that 
the  State  does  not  incur  a  deficit  for  any  fiscaf  period,  the  Governor  shall 
continually  surx'cy  the  collection  o(  the  revenue  and  shall  effect  the  necessaiy 
economies  m  State  expenditures,  after  first  making  adequate  provision  for  the 
prompt  payment  ot  the  principal  of  and  interest  on  bonds  and  notes  of  the  State 
according  to  their  terms,  whenever  he  determines  that  receipts  during  the  fiscal 
period,  when  added  to  any  surplus  remaining  m  the  Stale  Treasury  at  the 
beginning  oi  the  period,  wifl  not  be  sufficient  to  meet  budgeted  expenditures. 
This  section  shall  not  be  construed  lo  impair  the  power  of  the  Stale  to  issue  its 
bonds  and  notes  wiihm  the  limitations  imposed  m  Article  \^  of  this  Constitution, 
nor  to  impair  the  obligation  of  bonds  and  notes  of  the  State  now  outstanding 
or  issued  hereafter. 

(4)  Execution  of  laws.  The  Governor  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully 
executed. 

(5)  Commander  in  Chief.  The  Governor  shall  be  Commander  in  Chief  of  the 
militar)^  forces  of  the  State  except  when  they  shall  be  called  into  the  service  of 
the  United  States. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

(6)  Clemency.  The  Governor  may  grant  reprieves,  commutations,  and  pardons, 
after  conviction,  for  all  offenses  (except  in  cases  of  impeachment),  upon  such 
conditions  as  he  may  think  proper,  subject  to  regulations  prescribed  by  law 
relative  to  the  manner  of  applying  for  pardons.  The  terms  reprieves, 
commutations,  and  pardons  shall  not  include  paroles. 

(7)  Extra  sessions.  The  Governor  may,  on  extraordinary  occasions,  by  and 
with  the  advice  of  the  Council  of  State,  convene  the  General  Assembly  in  extra 
session  by  his  proclamation,  stating  therein  the  purpose  or  purposes  for  which 
they  are  thus  convened. 

(8)  Appointments.  The  Governor  shall  nominate  and  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  a  majority  of  the  Senators  appoint  all  officers  whose  appointments 
are  not  otherwise  provided  for. 

(9)  Information.  The  Governor  may  at  any  time  require  information  in  writing 
from  the  head  of  any  administrative  department  or  agency  upon  any  subject 
relating  to  the  duties  of  his  office. 

(10)  Administrative  reorganization.  The  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe  the 
functions,  powers,  and  duties  of  the  administrative  departments  and  agencies 
of  the  State  and  may  alter  them  from  time  to  time,  but  the  Governor  may  make 
such  changes  in  the  allocation  of  offices  and  agencies  and  in  the  allocation  of 
those  functions,  powers,  and  duties  as  he  considers  necessary  for  efficient 
administration.  If  those  changes  affect  existing  law,  they  shall  be  set  forth  in 
executive  orders,  which  shall  be  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly  not  later 
than  the  sixtieth  calendar  day  of  its  session,  and  shall  become  effective  and  shall 
have  the  force  of  law  upon  adjournment  sine  die  of  the  session,  unless  specifically 
disapproved  by  resolution  of  either  house  of  the  General  Assembly  or  specifically 
modified  by  joint  resolution  of  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly 

(11)  Reconvened  sessions.  The  Governor  shall,  when  required  by  Section  22 
of  Article  II  of  this  Constitution,  reconvene  a  session  of  the  General  Assembly 
At  such  reconvened  session,  the  General  Assembly  may  only  consider  such 
bills  as  were  returned  by  the  Governor  to  that  reconvened  session  for 
reconsideration.  Such  reconvened  session  shall  begin  on  a  date  set  by  the 
Governor,  but  no  later  than  40  days  after  the  General  Assembly  adjourned: 

(a)  For  more  than  30  days  jointly  as  provided  under  Section  20  of  Article  II 
of  this  Constitution;  or 

(b)  Sine  die. 

If  the  date  of  reconvening  the  session  occurs  after  the  expiration  ot  the 
terms  of  office  of  the  members  of  the  General  Assembl)-,  then  the  members 
serving  for  the  reconvened  session  shall  be  the  members  for  the  succeeding 
term. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 

Sec.  6.  Duties  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor.  The  Lieuienant  Governor  shall  be 
Presidcnl  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote  unless  the  Senate  is  equally  divided. 
He  shall  pertorm  such  additional  duties  as  the  General  Assembly  or  the  Governor 
may  assign  to  him.  He  shall  receive  the  compensation  and  allowances  prescribed 
by  law. 

Sec.  7.    Other  elective  officers. 

CI)  Officers.  A  Secretary  of  State,  an  Auditor,  a  Treasurer,  a  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction,  an  Attorney  General,  a  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  a 
Conrmissioner  ol  Labor,  and  a  Commissioner  ot  Insurance  shall  be  elected  by 
the  qualihed  voters  of  the  State  m  1972  and  eveiy  four  years  thereafter,  at  the 
same  time  and  places  as  members  of  the  General  Assembly  are  elected.  Their 
term  ot  otfice  shall  be  four  years  and  shall  commence  on  the  hrst  day  of  January 
next  alter  their  election  and  continue  until  their  successors  are  elected  and 
qualihed. 

(2)  Duties.    Their  respective  duties  shall  be  prescribed  by  law. 

(3)  Vacancies.  If  the  office  of  any  of  these  officers  is  vacated  by  death,  resignation, 
or  otherwise,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Governor  to  appoint  another  to  serve  ■ 
until  his  successor  is  elected  and  qualified.  Ever)'  such  vacancy  shall  be  filled 
by  election  at  the  first  election  for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  that  occurs 
more  than  60  days  afier  the  vacancy  has  taken  place,  and  the  person  chosen 
shall  hold  the  office  for  the  remainder  of  the  unexpired  term  fixed  m  this  Section. 
When  a  vacancy  occurs  in  the  office  of  any  of  the  officers  named  m  this  Section 
and  the  term  expires  on  the  first  day  of  Januaiy  succeeding  the  next  election  for 
members  of  the  General  Assembly,  the  Governor  shall  appoint  to  fill  the  \'acancy 
lor  the  unexpired  term  of  the  office. 

(4)  Interim  officers.  Upon  the  occurrence  of  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  any  one 
of  these  officers  lor  any  of  the  causes  stated  m  the  preceding  paragraph,  the 
Governor  may  appoint  an  interim  officer  to  perfornr  the  duties  of  that  office 
until  a  person  is  appointed  or  elected  pursuant  to  this  Section  to  fill  the  vacancy 
and  is  qualified. 

(5)  Acting  officers.  During  the  physical  or  mental  incapacity  of  any  one  of 
these  officers  to  perform  the  duties  of  his  office,  as  determined  pursuant  to  ihis 
Section,  the  duties  of  his  office  shall  be  performed  by  an  acting  officer  who 
shall  be  appointed  by  the  Governor. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

(6)  Determination  of  incapacity.  The  General  Assembly  shall  by  law  prescribe 
with  respect  to  those  officers,  other  than  the  Governor,  whose  offices  are  created 
by  this  Article,  procedures  for  determining  the  physical  or  mental  incapacity  of 
any  officer  to  perform  the  duties  of  his  office,  and  for  determining  whether  an 
officer  who  has  been  temporarily  incapacitated  has  sufficiently  recovered  his 
physical  or  mental  capacity  to  perform  the  duties  of  his  office.  Removal  of 
those  officers  from  office  for  any  other  cause  shall  be  by  impeachment. 

(7)  Special  Qualifications  for  Attorney  General.  Only  persons  duly  authorized 
to  practice  law  in  the  courts  of  this  State  shall  be  eligible  for  appointment  or 
election  as  Attorney  General. 

Sec.  8.  Council  of  State.  The  Council  of  State  shall  consist  of  the  officers  whose 
offices  are  established  by  this  Article. 

Sec.  9.  Compensation  and  allowances.  The  officers  whose  offices  are  established 
by  this  Article  shall  at  stated  periods  receive  the  compensation  and  allowances 
prescribed  by  law,  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  the  time  for  which  they 
have  been  chosen. 

Sec.  10.  Seal  of  State.  There  shall  be  a  seal  of  the  State,  which  shall  be  kept  by  the 
Governor  and  used  by  him  as  occasion  may  require,  and  shall  be  called  "The  Great 
Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina".  All  grants  and  commissions  shall  be  issued  in 
the  name  and  by  the  authority  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  sealed  with  "The  Great 
Seal  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina",  and  signed  by  the  Governor. 

Sec.  11.  Administrative  departments.  Not  later  than  July  1,  1975,  all  administrative 
departments,  agencies,  and  offices  of  the  State  and  their  respective  functions,  powers, 
and  duties  shall  be  allocated  by  law  among  and  within  not  more  than  25  principal 
administrative  departments  so  as  to  group  them  as  far  as  practicable  according  to 
major  purposes.  Regulatory,  quasi-judicial,  and  temporary  agencies  may,  but  need 
not,  be  allocated  within  a  principal  department. 

Article  IV 

Judicial 

Section  1,  Judicial  power.  The  judicial  power  of  the  State  shall,  except  as  pro\idcd 
in  Section  3  of  this  Article,  be  vested  in  a  Court  for  the  Trial  of  Impeachments  and 
in  a  General  Court  of  Justice.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power  to  deprive 
the  judicial  department  of  any  power  or  jurisdiction  that  rightfully  pertains  to  it  as 
a  co-ordinate  department  of  the  government,  nor  shall  it  establish  or  authorize  any 
courts  other  than  as  permitted  by  this  Article. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  2.  General  Court  oj  Justice.  The  General  Court  of  Justice  shall  constitute  a 
unified  judicial  system  for  purposes  of  jurisdiction,  operation,  and  administration, 
and  shall  consist  of  an  Appellate  Division,  a  Superior  Court  Division,  and  a  District 
Court  Division. 

Sec.  3.  Judicial  powers  oj  administrative  agencies.   The  General  Assembly  may  vest 
in  administrative  agencies  established  pursuant  to  lav^  such  judicial  powers  as  may 
be  reasonably  necessary  as  an  incident  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  purposes  for  i 
which  the  agencies  were  created.    Appeals  from  administrative  agencies  shall  be  to 
the  General  Court  ol  Justice. 

Sec.  4.  Court  Jor  the  Trial  of  Impeachments.  The  House  of  Representatives  solely 
shall  have  the  power  of  impeaching.  The  Court  for  the  Trial  of  hnpeachments  shall 
be  the  Senate.  When  the  Go\'ernor  or  Lieutenant  Governor  is  impeached,  the  Chief 
Justice  shall  preside  o\'er  the  Court.  A  majority  of  the  members  shall  be  necessary 
to  a  quorum,  and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two- 
thirds  of  the  Senators  present.  Judgment  upon  conviction  shall  not  extend  beyond 
removal  from  and  disqualihcation  to  hold  ofhce  m  this  State,  but  the  party  shall  be 
liable  to  indictment  and  punishment  according  to  law. 

Sec.  5.  Appellate  division.  The  Appellate  Division  ot  the  General  Court  ot  Justice 
shall  consist  of  tlie  Supreme  Court  and  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

Sec.  6.    Supreme  Court. 

(T)  Membership.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  consist  ot  a  Chiel  Justice  and  six 
Associate  Justices,  but  the  General  Assembly  may  increase  the  number  of 
Associate  Justices  to  not  more  than  eight.  In  the  event  the  Chiel  Justice  is 
unable,  on  account  ol  absence  or  temporary  incapacity,  to  periorm  any  oi  the 
duties  placed  upon  him,  the  senior  Associate  Justice  available  may  discharge 
those  duties. 

(2)  Sessions  of  the  Supreme  Court.  The  sessions  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
be  held  in  the  City  of  Raleigh  unless  otherwise  provided  by  the  General 
Assembly. 

Sec.  7.  Court  oJ  Appeals.  The  structure,  organization,  and  composition  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals  shall  be  determined  by  the  General  Assembly.  The  Court  shall 
have  not  less  than  five  members,  and  ma)'  be  authorized  to  sit  m  divisions,  or  other 
than  en  banc.  Sessions  of  the  Court  shall  be  held  at  such  times  and  places  as  the 
General  Assembly  ma)'  prescribe. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Sec.  8.  Retirement  of  Justices  and  Judges.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by 
general  law  for  the  retirement  of  Justices  and  Judges  of  the  General  Court  of  Justice, 
and  may  pro\ide  for  the  temporary  recall  of  any  retired  Justice  or  Judge  to  ser\'e  on 
the  court  or  courts  of  the  division  from  which  he  was  retired.  The  General  Assembly 
shall  also  prescribe  maximum  age  limits  for  service  as  a  Justice  or  Judge. 

Sec.  9,   Superior  Courts. 

(1)  Superior  Court  districts.  The  General  Assembly  shall,  from  time  to  time, 
divide  the  State  into  a  convenient  number  of  Superior  Court  judicial  districts 
and  shall  provide  for  the  election  of  one  or  more  Superior  Court  Judges  for 
each  district.  Each  regular  Superior  Court  Judge  shall  reside  in  the  district  for 
which  he  is  elected.  The  General  Assembly  may  provide  by  general  law  for  the 
selection  or  appointment  of  special  or  emergency  Superior  Court  Judges  not 
selected  for  a  particular  judicial  district. 

(2)  Open  at  all  times;  sessions  for  trial  of  cases.  The  Superior  Courts  shall  be 
open  at  all  times  for  the  transaction  of  all  business  except  the  trial  of  issues  of 
fact  requiring  a  jury.  Regular  trial  sessions  of  the  Superior  Court  shall  be  held 
at  times  hxed  pursuant  to  a  calendar  of  courts  promulgated  by  the  Supreme 
Court.  At  least  two  sessions  for  the  trial  of  jury  cases  shall  be  held  annually  in 
each  county. 

j  (3)  Clerks.  A  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  for  each  county  shall  be  elected  for 
a  term  of  four  years  by  the  quaUfied  voters  thereof,  at  the  same  time  and  places 
as  members  of  the  General  Assembly  are  elected.  If  the  office  of  Clerk  of  the 
'  Superior  Court  becomes  vacant  otherwise  than  by  the  expiration  of  the  term,  or 
I  if  the  people  fail  to  elect,  the  senior  regular  resident  Judge  of  the  Superior  Court 
j  serving  the  county  shall  appoint  to  hll  the  vacancy  until  an  election  can  be 
'         regularly  held. 

1  Sec.  10.  District  Courts.  The  General  Assembly  shall,  from  time  to  time,  divide 
the  State  into  a  convenient  number  of  local  court  districts  and  shall  prescribe  where 
the  District  Courts  shall  sit,  but  a  District  Court  must  sit  in  at  least  one  place  in  each 

!i  county  District  Judges  shall  be  elected  for  each  district  for  a  term  of  four  years,  in 
a  manner  prescribed  by  law.  When  more  than  one  District  Judge  is  authorized  and 
elected  for  a  district,  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  shall  designate  one  of 

'  the  judges  as  Chief  District  Judge.  Every  District  Judge  shall  reside  in  the  district 
for  which  he  is  elected.  For  each  county  the  senior  regular  resident  Judge  of  the 
Superior  Court  serving  the  county  shall  appoint  for  a  term  of  two  years,  Irom 
nominations  submitted  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  oi  the  county  one  or 
more  Magistrates  who  shall  be  officers  of  the  District  Court.  The  initial  term  of 
appointment  for  a  magistrate  shall  be  two  years  and  subsequent  terms  shall  be  lour 
years.  The  number  of  District  Judges  and  Magistrates  shall,  from  time  to  time,  be 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

determined  by  ihc  General  Assembly.  Vacancies  in  the  office  of  District  Judge  shall 
be  hlled  for  the  unexpired  term  in  a  manner  prescribed  by  law.  Vacancies  m  the 
office  of  Magistrate  shall  be  filled  for  the  unexpired  term  in  the  manner  provided  for 
original  appointment  to  the  oltice. 

Sec.  1 1.  Assignment  of  Judges.  The  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  acting  in 
accordance  with  rules  of  the  Supreme  Court,  shall  make  assignments  of  Judges  of 
the  Superior  Court  and  may  transfer  District  Judges  from  one  district  to  another  for  | 
temporary  or  specialized  duty.  The  principle  of  rotating  Superior  Court  Judges 
among  the  various  districts  of  a  division  is  a  salutai")'  one  and  shall  be  obseived. 
For  this  purpose  the  General  Assembly  may  divide  the  State  into  a  number  of  judicial 
divisions.  Subject  to  the  general  superx'ision  of  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  assignment  of  District  Judges  within  each  local  court  district  shall  be  made 
by  the  Chief  District  Judge. 

Sec.  12.  Jurisdiction  of  the  General  Court  oj Justice. 

(1)  Supreme  Court.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  have  jurisdiction  to  review 
upon  appeal  any  decision  of  the  courts  below,  upon  any  matter  of  law  or  legal 
inference.  The  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Court  over  "issues  of  tact'"  and 
"questions  oi  fact"  shall  be  the  same  exercised  by  it  prior  to  the  adoption  ol  this 
Article,  and  the  Court  may  issue  any  remedial  v^rits  necessary^  to  give  it  general 
super\'ision  and  control  over  the  proceedings  of  the  other  courts.  The  Supreme 
Court  also  has  jurisdiction  to  reviev/,  when  authorized  by  law,  direct  appeals 
from  a  hnal  order  or  decision  of  the  North  Carolina  Utilities  Commission. 

(2)  Court  of  Appeals.  The  Court  of  Appeals  shall  hax'c  such  appellate  jurisdiction 
as  the  General  Assembly  may  prescribe. 

(3)  Superior  Court.  Except  as  otherwise  provided  by  the  General  Assembly, 
the  Superior  Court  shall  have  original  general  jurisdiction  throughout  the  State. 
The  Clerks  of  the  Superior  Court  shall  ha\'e  such  jurisdiction  and  powers  as 
the  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe  by  general  law  uniformly  applicable  in 
eveiy  county  of  the  State. 

(4)  District  Courts;  Magistrates.  The  General  Assembly  shall,  by  general  law 
uniformly  applicable  in  every  local  court  district  of  the  State,  prescribe  the 
jurisdiction  and  powers  of  the  District  Courts  and  Magistrates. 

(5)  Waiver.  The  General  Assembly  may  by  general  law  provide  that  the 
jurisdictional  limits  may  be  waived  m  civil  cases. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

(6)  Appeals.  The  General  Assembly  shall  by  general  law  provide  a  proper 
system  of  appeals.  Appeals  from  Magistrates  shall  be  heard  de  novo,  with  the 
right  of  trial  by  jury  as  defined  m  this  Constitution  and  the  laws  of  this  State. 

Sec.  13.   Forms  of  action;  rules  of  procedure. 

(1)  Forms  of  Action.  There  shall  be  in  this  State  but  one  form  of  action  for  the 
enforcement  or  protection  of  private  rights  or  the  redress  of  private  wrongs, 
which  shall  be  denominated  a  civil  action,  and  m  which  there  shall  be  a  right  to 
have  issues  of  fact  tried  before  a  jury.  Every  action  prosecuted  by  the  people  of 
the  State  as  a  party  against  a  person  charged  with  a  public  offense,  for  the 
punishment  thereof,  shall  be  termed  a  criminal  action. 

(2)  Rules  of  procedure.  The  Supreme  Court  shall  have  exclusive  authority  to 
make  rules  of  procedure  and  practice  for  the  Appellate  Division.  The  General 
Assembly  may  make  rules  of  procedure  and  practice  for  the  Superior  Court  and 
District  Court  Divisions,  and  the  General  Assembly  may  delegate  this  authority 
to  the  Supreme  Court.  No  rule  of  procedure  or  practice  shall  abridge  substantive 
rights  or  abrogate  or  limit  the  right  of  trial  by  jury  If  the  General  Assembly 
should  delegate  to  the  Supreme  Court  the  rule-making  power,  the  General 
Assembly  may,  nevertheless,  alter,  amend,  or  repeal  any  rule  of  procedure  or 
practice  adopted  by  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  Superior  Court  or  District  Court 
Divisions. 

,  Sec.  14.  Waiver  of  jury  trial.  In  all  issues  of  fact  joined  in  any  court,  the  parties  in 
;  any  civil  case  may  waive  the  right  to  have  the  issues  determined  by  a  jur);  in  which 
I  case  the  finding  of  the  judge  upon  the  facts  shall  have  the  force  and  effect  of  a  verdict 
I  by  a  jury. 

iSec.  15.  Administration.   The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  an  administrative 
office  of  the  courts  to  carry  out  the  provisions  of  this  Article. 

Sec.  16.  Terms  of  office  and  election  of  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Judges  of  the 
Court  of  Appeals,  and  Judges  of  the  Superior  Court.  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
;  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  and  regular  Judges  of  the  Superior  Court  shall  be 
I  elected  by  the  quaUfied  voters  and  shall  hold  office  for  terms  of  eight  years  and  until 
I  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified.  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  Judges 
!'  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State.  Regular 
Oudges  of  the  Superior  Court  may  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  or 
I,  by  the  voters  of  their  respective  districts,  as  the  General  Assembly  may  prescribe. 

Sec.  17.   Removal  of  Judges,  Magistrates  and  Clerks. 

(1)  Removal  of  Judges  by  the  General  Assembly  Any  Justice  or  Judge  of  the 
General  Court  of  Justice  may  be  removed  from  office  for  mental  or  physical 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

incapacity  by  joint  resolution  of  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of  each  house  of 
the  General  Assembly.  Any  Justice  or  Judge  against  whom  the  General  Assembly 
may  be  about  to  proceed  shall  receive  notice  thereof,  accompanied  by  a  copy  of 
the  causes  alleged  for  his  removal,  at  least  20  days  before  the  day  on  which 
either  house  o{  the  General  Assembly  shall  act  thereon.  Remo\'al  from  office  by 
the  General  Assembly  for  any  other  cause  shall  be  by  impeachment. 

(2)  Additional  method  of  removal  ot  Judges.  The  General  Assembly  shall 
prescribe  a  pi"ocedure,  in  addition  to  impeachment  and  address  set  forth  in  this 
Section,  tor  the  removal  of  a  Justice  or  Judge  ol  the  General  Court  of  Justice  for 
mental  or  physical  incapacity  interfering  with  the  performance  of  his  duties 
which  is,  or  is  likely  to  become,  permanent,  and  for  the  censure  and  removal  of 
a  Justice  or  Judge  of  the  General  Court  ot  Justice  for  wilful  misconduct  m 
office,  wilful  and  persistent  failure  to  perform  his  duties,  habitual  intemperance, 
conviction  of  a  crime  inx'ohing  moral  turpitude,  or  conduct  prejudicial  to  the 
administration  of  justice  that  brings  the  judicial  ofhce  into  disrepute. 

(3)  Removal  of  Magistrates.  The  General  Assembly  shall  proxide  by  general 
law  for  the  removal  ot  Magistrates  tor  misconduct  or  mental  or  physical 
incapacity. 

(4)  Removal  of  Clerks.  Any  Clerk  of  the  Superior  Court  may  be  removed  from 
ofhce  for  misconduct  or  mental  or  physical  incapacity  by  the  senior  regular 
resident  Superior  Court  Judge  serving  the  county.  Any  Clerk  against  v^-hom 
proceedings  are  instituted  shall  receive  written  notice  of  the  charges  against  him 
at  least  ten  days  before  the  hearing  upon  the  charges.  Any  Clerk  so  remo\'ed 
from  ofhce  shall  be  entitled  to  an  appeal  as  provided  by  law. 

Sec.  18.    District  Attorney  and  prosecutorial  districts. 

(1)    District  Attorneys.    The  General  Assembly  shall,  trom  time  to  time,  divide 
the  State  into  a  convenient  number  of  prosecutorial  districts,  for  each  of  which 
a  District  Attorney  shall  be  chosen  tor  a  term  ot  tour  years  by  the  qualified 
voters  thereof,  at  the  same  time  and  places  as  members  o^  the  General  Assembly 
are  elected.    Only  persons  duly  authorized  to  practice  law  m  the  courts  of  this 
State  shall  be  eligible  for  election  or  appointment  as  a  District  Attorney    The 
District  Attorney  shall  advise  the  ofhcers  of  justice  m  his  district,  be  responsible  i 
for  the  prosecution  on  behalf  of  the  State  of  all  criminal  actions  m  the  Superior 
Courts  of  his  district,  perform  such  duties  related  to  appeals  therefrom  as  the : 
Attorney  General  may  require,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  the  General' 
Assembly  may  prescribe. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

(2)  Prosecution  m  District  Court  Division.  Criminal  actions  in  the  District 
Court  Division  shall  be  prosecuted  in  such  manner  as  the  General  Assembly 
may  prescribe  by  general  law  uniformly  applicable  in  ever)-  local  court  district 
of  the  State. 

Sec.  19.  Vacancies.  Unless  otherwise  pro\ided  in  this  Article,  all  vacancies  occurring 
in  the  ofhces  provided  for  by  this  Article  shall  be  hlled  by  appointment  of  the 
Governor,  and  the  appointees  shall  hold  their  places  until  the  next  election  for 
members  of  the  General  Assembly  that  is  held  more  than  60  days  after  the  vacancy 
occurs,  when  elections  shall  be  held  to  fill  the  offices.  When  the  unexpired  term  of 
any  of  the  ofhces  named  in  this  Article  of  the  Constitution  in  which  a  vacancy  has 
occurred,  and  in  which  it  is  herein  provided  that  the  Governor  shall  fill  the  vacancy, 
expires  on  the  first  day  of  January  succeeding  the  next  election  for  members  of  the 
General  Assembly,  the  Governor  shall  appoint  to  fill  that  vacancy  for  the  unexpired 
term  of  the  office.  If  any  person  elected  or  appointed  to  any  of  these  offices  shall  fail 
to  qualify,  the  office  shall  be  appointed  to,  held,  and  filled  as  provided  in  case  of 
vacancies  occurring  therein.  All  incumbents  of  these  offices  shall  hold  until  their 
successors  are  qualified. 

Sec.  20.   Revenues  and  expenses  of  the  judicial  department.   The  General  Assembly 

shall  provide  for  the  establishment  of  a  schedule  of  court  fees  and  costs  which  shall 

be  uniform  throughout  the  State  within  each  division  of  the  General  Court  of  Justice. 

'  The  operating  expenses  of  the  judicial  department,  other  than  compensation  to 

j  process  servers  and  other  locally  paid  non-judicial  officers,  shall  be  paid  from  State 

I  funds. 

I 

Sec.  21.  Fees,  salaries,  and  emoluments.  The  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe  and 
regulate  the  fees,  salaries,  and  emoluments  of  all  officers  provided  for  in  this  Article, 
but  the  salaries  of  Judges  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 
In  no  case  shall  the  compensation  of  any  Judge  or  Magistrate  be  dependent  upon 
his  decision  or  upon  the  collection  of  costs. 

jSec.  22.  Qualification  of  Justices  and  Judges.  Only  persons  duly  authorized  to 
\  practice  law  m  the  courts  of  this  State  shall  be  eligible  for  election  or  appointment 
i  as  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals,  Judge  of  the 
'  Superior  Court,  or  Judge  of  District  Court.  This  section  shall  not  apply  to  persons 
■  elected  to  or  serving  m  such  capacities  on  or  before  January  1,  1981. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Article  V 

Finance 

Seclion  1.   No  capitation  tax  to  he  levied.    No  poll  or  capitation  tax  shall  be  levied 
by  ihe  General  Assembly  or  by  any  county,  city  or  town,  or  other  taxing  unit. 

Sec.  2.   State  and  local  taxation. 

(1)  Power  of  taxation.  The  power  of  taxation  shall  be  exercised  in  a  just  anci 
ecjuitable  manner,  for  public  purposes  only,  and  shall  never  be  surrendered, 
suspended,  or  contracted  away. 

U)  Classification.  Only  the  General  Assembly  shall  have  the  power  to  classify 
property  for  taxation,  which  power  shall  be  exercised  only  on  a  State-wide 
basis  and  shall  not  be  delegated.  No  class  of  property  shall  be  taxed  except  by 
uniform  rule,  and  eveiy  classification  shall  be  made  by  general  law  unitormly 
applicable  m  e\'ery  county,  city  and  town,  and  other  unit  of  local  government. 

(3)  Exemptions.  Property  belonging  to  the  State,  counties,  and  municipal 
corporations  shall  be  exempt  Irom  taxation.  The  General  Assembly  may  exempt 
cemeteries  and  property  held  for  educational,  scientihc,  literary,  cultural, 
charitable,  or  religious  purposes,  and,  to  a  value  not  exceeding  $300,  any 
personal  property.  The  General  Assembly  may  exempt  from  taxation  not 
exceeding  $1,000  m  value  of  property  held  and  used  as  the  place  of  residence 
of  the  owner.  Every  exemption  shall  be  on  a  Stale-wide  basis  and  shall  be  made 
by  general  law  uniformh'  applicable  m  every  county,  city  and  town,  and  other 
unit  of  local  government.  No  taxing  authority  other  than  the  General  Assembly 
may  grant  exemptions,  and  the  General  Assembly  shall  not  delegate  the  powers 
accorded  to  it  by  this  subsection. 

(4)  Special  tax  areas.  Subject  to  the  limitations  imposed  by  Section  4,  the 
General  Assembly  may  enact  general  laws  authorizing  the  governing  body  of 
any  county,  city,  or  town  to  detme  territorial  areas  and  to  le\y  taxes  withm  those 
areas,  in  addition  to  those  levied  throughout  the  county,  city,  or  town,  in  order 
to  tmance,  provide,  or  maintain  seiwices,  lacilities,  and  tunctions  m  addition  to 
or  to  a  greater  extent  than  those  financed,  provided,  or  maintained  for  the  entire 
count)',  city,  or  town. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

(5)  Purposes  of  property  tax.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  authorize  any 
county  city  or  town,  special  district,  or  other  unit  of  local  government  to  levy 
taxes  on  property  except  for  purposes  authorized  by  general  law  uniformly 
applicable  throughout  the  State,  unless  the  tax  is  approved  by  a  majority  of  the 
qualified  voters  of  the  unit  who  vote  thereon. 

(6)  Income  tax.  The  rate  of  tax  on  incomes  shall  not  in  any  case  exceed  ten  per 
cent,  and  there  shall  be  allowed  personal  exemptions  and  deductions  so  that 
only  net  mcomes  are  taxed. 

(7)  Contracts.  The  General  Assembly  may  enact  laws  whereby  the  State,  any 
county  city  or  town,  and  any  other  public  corporation  may  contract  with  and 
appropriate  money  to  any  person,  association,  or  corporation  for  the 
accomplishment  of  public  purposes  only. 

Sec.  3.   Limitations  upon  the  increase  of  State  debt. 

(1)  Authorized  purposes;  two-thirds  limitation.  The  General  Assembly  shall 
have  no  power  to  contract  debts  secured  by  a  pledge  of  the  faith  and  credit  of 
the  State,  unless  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  who 
vote  thereon,  except  for  the  following  purposes: 

(a)  to  fund  or  refund  a  valid  existing  debt; 

(b)  to  supply  an  unforeseen  deficiency  in  the  revenue; 

(c)  to  borrow  in  anticipation  of  the  collection  of  taxes  due  and  payable 
within  the  current  fiscal  year  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  50  per  cent  of 
such  taxes; 

(d)  to  suppress  riots  or  insurrections,  or  to  repel  invasions; 

(e)  to  meet  emergencies  immediately  threatening  the  public  health  or  safety, 
as  conclusively  determined  in  writing  by  the  Governor; 

(f)  for  any  other  lawful  purpose,  to  the  extent  of  two-thirds  of  the  amount 
by  which  the  State's  outstanding  indebtedness  shall  have  been  reduced  during 
the  next  preceding  biennium. 

(2)  Gift  or  loan  of  credit  regulated.  The  General  Assembly  shall  have  no  power 
to  give  or  lend  the  credit  of  the  State  in  aid  of  any  person,  association,  or 
corporation,  except  a  corporation  in  which  the  State  has  a  controlling  interest, 
unless  the  subject  is  submitted  to  a  direct  vote  of  the  people  of  the  State,  and  is 
approved  by  a  majority  of  the  qualified  voters  who  vote  thereon. 

(3)  Definitions.  A  debt  is  incurred  within  the  meaning  of  this  Section  when 
the  State  borrows  money  A  pledge  of  the  faith  and  credit  within  the  meaning  of 
this  Section  is  a  pledge  of  the  taxing  power.  A  loan  of  credit  within  the  meaning 
of  this  Section  occurs  when  the  State  exchanges  its  obligations  with  or  in  any 
way  guarantees  the  debts  of  an  individual,  association,  or  private  corporation. 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

(4)  Certain  debts  barred.  The  General  Assembly  shall  never  assume  or  pay  any 
debt  or  obligation,  express  or  impUed,  incurred  m  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebelUon 
against  the  United  States.  Neither  shall  the  General  Assembly  assume  or  pay 
any  debt  or  bond  incurred  or  issued  by  authority  of  the  Convention  of  1868, 
the  special  session  of  the  General  Assembly  of  1868,  or  the  General  Assemblies 
of  1868-69  and  1869-70,  unless  the  subject  is  submitted  to  the  people  of  the 
State  and  is  approved  b)-  a  majority  of  all  the  qualified  voters  at  a  reterendum 
held  for  that  sole  purpose. 

(5)  Outstanding  debt.  Except  as  provided  in  subsection  (4),  nothing  m  this 
Section  shall  be  construed  to  invalidate  or  impair  the  obligation  of  any  bond, 
note,  or  other  evidence  of  indebtedness  outstanding  or  authorized  tor  issue  as 
of  Julv  1,  1973. 

Sec.  4    IXmxiaixons  u^gon  the  increase  of  local  government  debt. 

(1)  Regulation  of  borrowing  and  debt.  The  General  Assembly  shall  enact 
general  laws  relating  to  the  borrowing  of  money  secured  by  a  pledge  of  the  taith 
and  credit  and  the  contracting  of  other  debts  by  counties,  cities  and  towns, 
special  districts,  and  other  units,  authorities,  and  agencies  of  local  government. 

(2)  Authorized  purposes;  two-thirds  limitation.  The  General  Assembly  shall 
have  no  power  to  authorize  any  county  city  or  town,  special  district,  or  other 
unit  of  local  government  to  contract  debts  secured  by  a  pledge  of  its  faith  and 
credit  unless  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  qualihed  \oters  of  the  unit  who 
vote  thereon,  except  for  the  following  purposes: 

(a)  to  fund  or  refund  a  \'alid  existing  debt; 

(b)  to  supply  an  unforeseen  dehciency  m  the  revenue; 

{c)  to  borrow  m  anticipation  of  the  collection  of  taxes  due  and  payable 
withm  the  current  fiscal  year  to  an  amount  not  exceeding  50  per  cent  of 
such  ta.xes; 

(d)  to  suppress  riots  or  insurrections; 

(e)  to  meet  emergencies  immediately  threatening  the  public  health  or  satety, 
as  conclusively  determined  m  writing  by  the  Governor; 

(0  for  purposes  authorized  by  general  laws  uniformly  applicable  throughout 
the  State,  to  the  extent  of  two-thirds  of  the  amount  by  which  the  units 
outstanding  indebtedness  shall  have  been  reduced  during  the  next  preceding 
hscal  vear. 


128 


NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

(3)  Gift  or  loan  of  credit  regulated.  No  county,  city  or  town,  special  district,  or 
other  unit  of  local  government  shall  give  or  lend  its  credit  in  aid  of  any  person, 
association,  or  corporation,  except  for  public  purposes  as  authorized  by  general 
law,  and  unless  approved  by  a  majority  of  the  qualified  voters  of  the  unit  who 
vote  thereon. 

(4)  Certain  debts  barred.  No  county,  city  or  town,  or  other  unit  of  local 
government  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  the  interest  thereon  contracted 
directly  or  indirectly  in  aid  or  support  of  rebellion  or  insurrection  against  the 
United  States. 

I 

(5)  Definitions.  A  debt  is  incurred  within  the  meaning  of  this  Section  when  a 
county,  city  or  town,  special  district,  or  other  unit,  authority,  or  agency  of  local 
government  borrows  money.  A  pledge  of  faith  and  credit  within  the  meaning 
of  this  Section  is  a  pledge  of  the  taxing  power.  A  loan  of  credit  within  the 
meaning  of  this  Section  occurs  when  a  county,  city  or  tovvm,  special  district,  or 

I        other  unit,  authority,  or  agency  of  local  government  exchanges  its  obligations 
I        with  or  in  any  way  guarantees  the  debts  of  an  indi\idual,  association,  or  pri\'ate 
corporation. 

j  (6)  Outstanding  debt.  Except  as  provided  in  subsection  (4),  nothing  in  this 
Section  shall  be  construed  to  invahdate  or  impair  the  obhgation  of  any  bond, 
note,  or  other  evidence  of  indebtedness  outstanding  or  authorized  for  issue  as 
of  July  1,  1973. 

ISec.  5.  Acts  levying  taxes  to  state  objects.  Every  act  of  the  General  Assembly 
[levying  a  tax  shall  state  the  special  object  to  which  it  is  to  be  applied,  and  it  shall  be 
japphed  to  no  other  purpose. 


Sec.  6.   Inviolability  of  sinking  funds  and  retirement  funds. 

(1)  Sinking  funds.  The  General  Assembly  shall  not  use  or  authorize  to  be  used 
any  part  of  the  amount  of  any  sinking  fund  for  any  purpose  other  than  the 
retirement  of  the  bonds  for  which  the  sinking  fund  has  been  created,  except 
that  these  funds  may  be  invested  as  authorized  by  law. 

(2)  Retirement  funds.  Neither  the  General  Assembly  nor  any  public  otficer, 
employee,  or  agency  shall  use  or  authorize  to  be  used  any  part  of  the  funds  of 
the  Teachers'  and  State  Employees'  Retirement  System  or  the  Local  Governmental 
Employees'  Retirement  System  for  any  purpose  other  than  retirement  system 
benehts  and  purposes,  administrative  expenses,  and  rctunds;  except  that 
retirement  system  funds  may  be  invested  as  authorized  by  law,  subject  to  ihc 
investment  limitation  that  the  funds  of  the  Teachers'  and  State  Employees' 
Retirement  System  and  the  Local  Governmental  Employees'  Retirement  System 
shall  not  be  applied,  diverted,  loaned  to,  or  used  by  the  State,  any  State  agency, 
State  officer,  pubUc  officer,  or  public  employee. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  7.    Drawing  public  money. 

(1)  Stale  treasui')'.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  ihe  State  Treasury  but  in 
consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law,  and  an  accurate  account  of  the 
receipts  and  expenditures  of  State  funds  shall  be  published  annually. 

(2)  Local  treasury.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  h"om  the  treasury  of  any  county, 
city  or  town,  or  other  unit  of  local  government  except  by  authority  of  law. 

Sec.  8.  Health  care  facilities.  Notwithstanding  any  other  provisions  of  this 
Constitution,  the  General  Assembly  may  enact  general  laws  to  authorize  the  State, 
counties,  cities  or  towns,  and  other  State  and  local  governmental  entities  to  issue 
rex'cnue  bonds  to  hnance  or  rehnance  for  any  such  governmental  entity  or  any 
nonproht  private  corporation,  regardless  of  any  church  or  religious  relationship, 
the  cost  of  acquiring,  constructing,  and  imancmg  health  care  facility  projects  to  be 
operated  to  serve  and  benefit  the  public;  provided,  no  cost  incurred  earlier  than  two 
years  prior  to  the  effective  date  of  this  section  shall  be  refinanced.  Such  bonds  shall 
be  payable  Irom  the  revenues,  gross  or  net,  of  any  such  projects  and  any  other 
health  care  facilities  of  any  such  governmental  entity  or  nonproht  private  corporation 
pledged  theretor;  shall  not  be  secured  by  a  pledge  of  the  full  faith  and  credit,  or 
deemed  to  create  an  indebtedness  requiring  voter  approval  of  any  governmental 
entity,  and  may  be  secured  by  an  agreement  which  may  provide  for  the  conveyance 
ot  title  of,  with  or  without  consideration,  any  such  project  or  facilities  to  the 
governmental  entity  or  nonprofit  private  corporation.  The  power  of  eminent  domain 
shall  not  be  used  pursuant  hereto  for  nonprofit  private  corporations. 

Sec.  9[8].l.  Capital  projects  for  industry.  Notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of 
this  Constitution,  the  General  Assembly  may  enact  general  laws  to  authorize  counties 
to  create  authorities  to  issue  revenue  bonds  to  finance,  but  not  to  refinance,  the  cost 
of  capital  projects  consisting  of  industrial,  manufacturing  and  pollution  control 
facilities  for  industiy  and  pollution  control  facilities  for  public  utilities,  and  to  refund 
such  bonds. 

In  no  event  shall  such  revenue  bonds  be  secured  by  or  payable  from  any  public 
moneys  whatsoever,  but  such  revenue  bonds  shall  be  secured  by  and  payable  only 
from  revenues  or  property  derived  from  private  parties.  All  such  capital  projects 
and  all  transactions  therefor  shall  be  subject  to  taxation  to  the  extent  such  projects 
and  transactions  would  be  subject  to  taxation  if  no  public  body  were  involved 
therewith;  pro\4ded,  however,  that  the  General  Assembly  may  provide  that  the  interest 
on  such  rex'enue  bonds  shall  be  exempt  from  income  taxes  within  the  State. 

The  power  of  eminent  domain  shall  not  be  exercised  to  provide  an)'  property  lor 
any  such  capital  project. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

Sec.  10.  Joint  ownership  of  generation  and  transmission  facilities.  In  addition  to 
other  powers  conferred  upon  them  by  law,  municipalities  owning  or  operating 
facilities  for  the  generation,  transmission  or  distribution  of  electric  power  and  energy 
and  joint  agencies  formed  by  such  municipalities  for  the  purpose  of  owning  or 
operating  facilities  for  the  generation  and  transmission  of  electric  power  and  energy 
(each,  respectively,  "a  unit  of  municipal  government")  may  jointly  or  severally  own, 
operate  and  maintain  works,  plants  and  faciUties,  within  or  without  the  State,  for 
the  generation  and  transmission  of  electric  power  and  energy,  or  both,  with  any 
person,  firm,  association  or  corporation,  public  or  private,  engaged  in  the  generation, 
transmission  or  distribution  of  electric  power  and  energy  for  resale  (each,  respectively, 
"a  co-owner")  within  this  State  or  any  state  contiguous  to  this  State,  and  may  enter 
into  and  carry  out  agreements  with  respect  to  such  jointly  owned  facilities.  For  the 
purpose  of  financing  its  share  of  the  cost  of  any  such  jointly  owned  electric  generation 
or  transmission  facilities,  a  unit  of  municipal  government  may  issue  its  revenue 
bonds  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly,  payable  as  to  both  principal 
and  interest  solely  from  and  secured  by  a  lien  and  charge  on  all  or  any  part  of  the 
revenue  derived,  or  to  be  derived,  by  such  unit  of  municipal  government  from  the 
ownership  and  operation  of  its  electric  facihties;  provided,  however,  that  no  unit  of 
municipal  government  shall  be  liable,  either  jointly  or  severally,  for  any  acts, 
omissions  or  obligations  of  any  co-owner,  nor  shall  any  money  or  property  of  any 
unit  of  municipal  government  be  credited  or  otherwise  applied  to  the  account  of 
any  co-owner  or  be  charged  with  any  debt,  lien  or  mortgage  as  a  result  of  any  debt 
or  obligation  of  any  co-owner. 

j  Sec.  11.    Capital  projects  for  agriculture.    Notwithstanding  any  other  pro\ision  of 
i  the  Constitution  the  General  Assembly  may  enact  general  laws  to  authorize  the 
creation  of  an  agency  to  issue  revenue  bonds  to  finance  the  cost  of  capital  projects 
consisting  of  agricultural  facilities,  and  to  refund  such  bonds. 

In  no  event  shall  such  revenue  bonds  be  secured  by  or  payable  from  any  public 

moneys  whatsoever,  but  such  revenue  bonds  shall  be  secured  by  and  payable  onl\' 

i  from  revenues  or  property  derived  from  private  parties.    All  such  capital  projects 

i  and  all  transactions  therefor  shall  be  subject  to  taxation  to  the  extent  such  projects 

j  and  transactions  would  be  subject  to  taxation  if  no  public  body  were  involved 

therewith;  provided,  however,  that  the  General  Assembly  may  provide  that  the  interest 

ij  on  such  revenue  bonds  shall  be  exempt  from  income  taxes  within  the  State. 

I 

I  The  power  of  eminent  domain  shall  not  be  exercised  to  provide  any  property  for 

any  such  capital  project. 

Sec.  12[11].2.    Higher  Education  Facilities.    Notwithstanding  any  other  provisions 
of  this  Constitution,  the  General  Assembly  may  enact  general  laws  to  authorize  ih 
State  or  any  State  entity  to  issue  revenue  bonds  to  finance  and  refinance  the  cost  of 


e 


131 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

acquiring,  constructing,  and  financing  higher  education  faciUties  to  be  operated  to 
serve  and  beneht  the  pubHc  for  any  nonprofit  private  corporation,  regardless  of  any 
church  or  reUgious  relationship  provided  no  cost  incurred  earlier  than  hve  years 
prior  to  the  effective  date  of  this  section  shall  be  refinanced.  Such  bonds  shall  be 
payable  from  any  revenues  or  assets  ot  any  such  nonprofit  private  corporation 
pledged  theretor,  shall  not  be  secured  by  a  pledge  of  the  full  iaith  and  credit  of  the 
State  or  such  State  entity  or  deemed  to  create  an  indebtedness  requiring  voter  approval 
of  the  State  or  such  entity  and,  where  the  title  to  such  facilities  is  vested  m  the  State 
or  an\'  State  entity,  may  be  secured  by  an  agreement  which  may  prox'ide  lor  the 
conveyance  of  title  to,  v/ith  or  without  consideration,  such  facihties  to  the  nonprofit 
private  corporation.  The  power  of  eminent  domain  shall  not  be  used  pursuant 
hereto. 

Sec.  131 12],  3,   Seaport  and  airport  facilities. 

[D  Notwithstanding  any  other  provision  of  this  Constitution,  the  General 
Assembly  may  enact  general  laws  to  grant  to  the  State,  counties,  municipalities, 
and  other  State  and  local  governmental  entities  all  powers  usetul  m  connection 
with  the  development  of  new  and  existing  seaports  and  airports,  and  to  authorize 
such  public  bodies: 

(a)  to  acquire,  construct,  own,  own  jointly  with  public  and  private  parties, 
lease  as  lessee,  mortgage,  sell,  lease  as  lessor,  or  otherwise  dispose  of  lands 
and  facilities  and  improvements,  including  undivided  interests  therein; 

(b)  to  finance  and  refinance  tor  public  and  private  parties  seaport  and  airport 
facilities  and  improx'ements  which  relate  to,  develop  or  further  waterborne 
or  airborne  commerce  and  cargo  and  passenger  traffic,  including  commercial, 
industrial,  manufacturing,  processing,  mining,  transportation,  distribution, 
storage,  marine,  a\'iation  and  environmental  facilities  and  improvements; 
and 

{c)  to  secure  any  such  financing  or  refinancing  by  all  or  any  portion  of  their 
revenues,  income  or  assets  or  other  available  monies  associated  with  any  of 
their  seaport  or  airport  facilities  and  with  the  tacilities  and  improvements  to 
be  financed  or  refinanced,  and  by  foreclosable  liens  on  all  or  any  part  of 
their  properties  associated  with  any  ot  their  seaport  or  airport  facilities  and 
with  the  facilities  and  improvements  to  be  financed  or  refinanced,  but  m  no 
event  to  create  a  debt  secured  by  a  pledge  of  the  faith  and  credit  of  the  State 
or  any  other  public  bod)-  in  the  State. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Article  VI 

Suffrage  And  Eligibility  To  Office 

Section  1.  Who  may  vote.  Every  person  born  in  the  United  States  and  every 
person  who  has  been  naturalized,  18  years  of  age,  and  possessing  the  qualifications 
set  out  m  this  Article,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  by  the  people  of  the 
State,  except  as  herein  otherwise  provided. 

Sec.  2.    Qualifications  of  voter. 

(1)  Residence  period  for  State  elections.  Any  person  who  has  resided  in  the 
State  of  North  Carolina  for  one  year  and  in  the  precinct,  ward,  or  other  election 
district  for  30  days  next  preceding  an  election,  and  possesses  the  other 
qualifications  set  out  m  this  Article,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  any  election  held 
in  this  State.  Removal  from  one  precinct,  ward,  or  other  election  district  to 
another  in  this  State  shall  not  operate  to  deprive  any  person  of  the  right  to  vote 
in  the  precinct,  ward,  or  other  election  district  from  which  that  person  has 
removed  until  30  days  after  the  removal. 

(2)  Residence  period  for  presidential  elections.  The  General  Assembly  may 
reduce  the  time  of  residence  for  persons  voting  in  presidential  elections.  A 
person  made  eUgible  by  reason  of  a  reduction  in  time  of  residence  shall  possess 
the  other  quaUfications  set  out  in  this  Article,  shall  only  be  entitled  to  vote  for 
President  and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States  or  for  electors  for  President 
and  Vice  President,  and  shall  not  thereby  become  eligible  to  hold  ofhce  in  this 
State. 

(3)  Disqualification  of  felon.  No  person  adjudged  guilty  of  a  felony  against 
this  State  or  the  United  States,  or  adjudged  guilty  of  a  felony  in  another  state 
that  also  would  be  a  felony  if  it  had  been  committed  in  this  State,  shall  be 
permitted  to  vote  unless  that  person  shall  be  hrst  restored  to  the  rights  of 
citizenship  m  the  manner  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  3.    Registration.    Every  person  offering  to  vote  shall  be  at  the  time  legally 
registered  as  a  voter  as  herein  prescribed  and  in  the  manner  provided  by  law.   The 
!  General  Assembly  shall  enact  general  laws  governing  the  registration  of  \'oters. 

Sec.  4.  Qualijicationjor  registration.  Every  person  presenting  himself  for  registration 
shall  be  able  to  read  and  write  any  section  of  the  Constitution  in  the  English  language. 


133 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  5.  Elections  hy  people  and  General  Assembly/.  All  elections  by  the  people  shall 
be  by  ballot,  and  all  elections  b\'  the  General  Assembly  shall  be  viva  voce.  A  contested 
election  lor  any  office  established  by  Article  HI  of  this  Constitution  shall  be  determined 
b)'  joint  ballot  of  both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly  in  the  manner  prescribed  by 
law. 

Sec.  6.  Eligibility  to  elective  office.  Eveiy  qualified  voter  in  North  Carolina  vv'ho  is 
21  years  of  age,  except  as  in  this  Constitution  disqualihed,  shall  be  eligible  for 
election  by  the  people  to  oft  ice. 

Sec.  7.  Oath.  Before  entering  upon  the  duties  of  an  ofhce,  a  person  elected  or 
appointed  to  the  ofhce  shall  take  and  subscribe  the  toUowmg  oath: 

"1, do  solemnly  swear  (or  afhrm)  that  1  will  support  and 

maintain  the  Constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Constitution  and 
laws  of  North  Carolina  not  inconsistent  therewith,  and  that  I  will  faithfully  discharge 
the  duties  of  my  ofhce  as so  help  me  God." 

Sec.  8.  Disqualifications  for  office.  The  following  persons  shall  be  disqualihed  for 
ofhce: 

First,  any  person  who  shall  deny  the  being  ol  Almighty  God. 

Second,  with  respect  to  any  ofhce  that  is  hlled  by  election  by  the  people,  any 
person  who  is  not  c[ualilied  to  vote  m  an  election  lor  that  othce. 

Third,  any  person  who  has  been  adjudged  guilty  ol  treason  or  any  other  felony 
against  this  State  or  the  United  States,  or  any  person  who  has  been  adjudged 
guilty  ot  a  felony  in  another  state  that  also  would  be  a  felon)-  if  it  had  been 
committed  m  this  State,  or  any  person  who  has  been  adjudged  guilty  of 
corruption  or  malpractice  m  any  ofhce,  or  any  person  who  has  been  removed 
by  impeachment  Irom  any  olhce,  and  who  has  not  been  restored  to  the  rights  of 
citizenship  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  law. 

Sec.  9.   Dual  office  holding. 

U)  Prohibitions.  It  is  salutary  that  the  responsibilities  of  self-government  be 
widely  shared  among  the  citizens  of  the  State  and  that  the  potential  abuse  of 
authority  inherent  in  the  holding  ot  multiple  ohices  by  an  individual  be  avoided. 
Theretore,  no  person  who  holds  any  ofhce  or  place  of  trust  or  proht  under  the 
United  States  or  any  department  thereof,  or  under  any  other  state  or  government, 
shall  be  eligible  to  hold  any  ofhce  in  this  State  that  is  hlled  by  election  by  the 
people.  No  person  shall  hold  concurrently  any  two  ottices  in  this  State  that  are 
hlled  by  election  ot  the  people.  No  person  shall  hold  concurrently  an)'  t\\ 
more  appointive  ofiices  or  places  of  trust  or  proht,  or  any  combination  of  electi\ 


134 


o  or 

'C  I 


NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER     THREE 

and  appointive  offices  or  places  of  trust  or  profit,  except  as  the  General  Assembly 
shall  provide  by  general  law. 

(2)  Exceptions.  The  provisions  of  this  Section  shall  not  prohibit  any  officer  of 
the  miUtary  forces  of  the  State  or  of  the  United  States  not  on  active  duty  for  an 
extensive  period  of  time,  any  notary  pubUc,  or  any  delegate  to  a  Convention  of 
the  People  from  holding  concurrently  another  office  or  place  of  trust  or  profit 
under  this  State  or  the  United  States  or  any  department  thereof. 

Sec.  10.  Continuation  in  office.  In  the  absence  of  any  contrary  provision,  all 
j  officers  in  this  State,  whether  appomted  or  elected,  shall  hold  their  positions  until 
'other  appointments  are  made  or,  if  the  offices  are  elective,  until  their  successors  are 
I  chosen  and  quaUfied. 

Article  VII 

Local  Government 

'Section  1 .  General  Assembly  to  provide  for  local  government.  The  General  Assembly 
j  shall  provide  for  the  organization  and  government  and  the  fixing  of  boundaries  of 
!  counties,  cities  and  towns,  and  other  governmental  subdi\isions,  and,  except  as 
!  otherwise  prohibited  by  this  Constitution,  may  give  such  powers  and  duties  to 
[Counties,  cities  and  towns,  and  other  governmental  subdivisions  as  it  may  deem 
[advisable. 

The  General  Assembly  shall  not  incorporate  as  a  city  or  towTi,  nor  shall  it  authorize 

to  be  incorporated  as  a  city  or  town,  any  territory  lying  within  one  mile  of  the 

corporate  limits  of  any  other  city  or  town  having  a  population  of  5,000  or  more 

according  to  the  most  recent  decennial  census  of  population  taken  by  order  of 

Congress,  or  lying  within  three  miles  of  the  corporate  Umits  of  any  other  city  or 

town  having  a  population  of  10,000  or  more  according  to  the  most  recent  decennial 

census  of  population  taken  by  order  of  Congress,  or  lying  within  four  miles  of  the 

! corporate  limits  of  any  other  city  or  town  having  a  population  of  25,000  or  more 

i according  to  the  most  recent  decennial  census  of  population  taken  by  order  of 

j  Congress,  or  lying  within  hve  miles  of  the  corporate  limits  of  any  other  city  or 

town  having  a  population  of  50,000  or  more  according  to  the  most  recent  decennial 

(census  of  population  taken  by  order  of  Congress.    Notwithstanding  the  foregoing 

J  limitations,  the  General  Assembly  may  incorporate  a  city  or  town  by  an  act  adopted 

jby  vote  of  three-fifths  of  all  the  members  of  each  house. 

Sec.  2.  Sheriffs.  In  each  county  a  Sheriff  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters 
thereof  at  the  same  time  and  places  as  members  of  the  General  Assembly  are  elected 
and  shall  hold  his  office  for  a  period  of  four  years,  subject  to  removal  for  cause  as 
provided  by  law. 

135 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  3.  Merged  or  consolidated  counties.  Any  unit  of  local  governmeni  formed  by 
the  merger  or  consolidation  of  a  county  or  counties  and  the  cities  and  towns  therein 
shall  be  deemed  both  a  county  and  a  city  tor  the  purposes  of  this  Constitution,  and 
may  exercise  any  authority  conferred  by  law  on  counties,  or  on  cities  and  towns,  or 
both,  as  the  General  Assembly  may  provide.  ! 

Article  VIII 

Corporations 

Section  1.  Corporate  charters.  No  corporation  shall  be  created,  nor  shall  its  charter 
be  extended,  altered,  or  amended  by  special  act,  except  corporations  lor  charitable,  i 
educational,  penal,  or  reformatoiy  purposes  that  are  to  be  and  remain  under  the 
patronage  and  control  of  the  State;  but  the  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by  general 
laws  for  the  chartering,  organization,  and  powers  ot  all  corporations,  and  for  the 
amending,  extending,  and  forfeiture  of  all  charters,  except  those  above  permitted  by 
special  act.  All  such  general  acts  may  be  altered  from  time  to  time  or  repealed.  The  ; 
General  Assembly  may  at  any  time  by  special  act  repeal  the  charter  ot  any  corporation. 

Sec.  2.  Corporations  defined.  The  term  ''corporation"  as  used  m  this  Section  shall 
be  construed  to  include  all  associations  and  joint-stock  companies  having  any  of 
the  powers  and  privileges  of  corporations  not  possessed  by  individuals  or 
partnerships.  All  corporations  shall  have  the  right  to  sue  and  shall  be  subject  to  be 
sued  m  all  courts,  m  like  cases  as  natural  persons. 

Article  IX 

Education 

Section  1.    Education  encouraged.     Religion,  morality,  and  knowledge  being 
necessaiy  to  good  government  and  the  happiness  of  mankind,  schools,  libraries,! 
and  the  means  ot  education  shall  forever  be  encouraged.  f 

Sec.  2.    Unijorm  system  of  schools.  \ 

(1)  General  and  umforni  system;  term.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  byi 
taxation  and  otherwise  for  a  general  and  uniform  system  of  free  public  schools,! 
which  shall  be  maintained  at  least  nine  months  in  every  year,  and  wherein! 
equal  opportunities  shall  be  provided  for  all  students.  ! 


136 


NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

(2)  Local  responsibility.  The  General  Assembly  may  assign  to  units  of  local 
government  such  responsibility  for  the  financial  support  of  the  free  public  schools 
as  it  may  deem  appropriate.  The  governing  boards  of  units  of  local  government 
with  financial  responsibility  for  public  education  may  use  local  revenues  to 
add  to  or  supplement  any  public  school  or  post-secondary  school  program. 

Sec.  3.   School  attendance.   The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  that  ever)-  child  of 
appropriate  age  and  of  sufficient  mental  and  physical  ability  shall  attend  the  public 
ii  schools,  unless  educated  by  other  means. 

I 

I  Sec.  4.   State  Board  of  Education. 

I  (1)  Board.  The  State  Board  of  Education  shall  consist  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor, 
the  Treasurer,  and  eleven  members  appointed  by  the  Governor,  subject  to 
confirmation  by  the  General  Assembly  in  joint  session.  The  General  Assembly 
shall  divide  the  State  into  eight  educational  districts.  Of  the  appointive  members 
of  the  Board,  one  shall  be  appointed  from  each  of  the  eight  educational  districts 
and  three  shall  be  appointed  from  the  State  at  large.  Appointments  shall  be  for 
overlapping  terms  of  eight  years.  Appointments  to  fill  vacancies  shall  be  made 
by  the  Governor  for  the  unexpired  terms  and  shall  not  be  subject  to  confirmation. 

(2)  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction.  The  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction  shall  be  the  secretary  and  chief  administrative  officer  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education. 

■Sec.  5.  Powers  and  duties  of  Board.  The  State  Board  of  Education  shall  super\4se 
J  and  administer  the  free  pubUc  school  system  and  the  educational  funds  provided 
'  for  Its  support,  except  the  funds  mentioned  in  Section  7  of  this  Article,  and  shall 
j  make  all  needed  rules  and  regulations  m  relation  thereto,  subject  to  laws  enacted  by 
the  General  Assembly. 

I  Sec.  6.  State  school  fund.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  that  have  been  or  hereafter  may 

be  granted  by  the  United  States  to  this  State,  and  not  otherwise  appropriated  by  this 

State  or  the  United  States;  all  moneys,  stocks,  bonds,  and  other  property  belonging 

to  the  State  for  purposes  of  pubUc  education;  the  net  proceeds  of  all  sales  of  the 

swamp  lands  belonging  to  the  State;  and  all  other  grants,  gifts,  and  devises  that 

have  been  or  hereafter  may  be  made  to  the  State,  and  not  otherwise  appropriated  by 

1  the  State  or  by  the  terms  of  the  grant,  gift,  or  devise,  shall  be  paid  into  the  State 

\  Treasury  and,  together  with  so  much  of  the  revenue  of  the  State  as  may  be  set  apart 

I  for  that  purpose,  shall  be  faithfully  appropriated  and  used  exclusively  for  establishing 

and  maintaining  a  uniform  system  of  free  public  schools. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004  I 

t 

Sec.  7.    County  school  fund;  State  jund  for  certain  moneys.  | 

(a)  Excepl  as  provided  in  subsesction  (b)  of  this  section,  all  moneys,  stocks, 
bonds,  and  other  property  belonging  to  a  county  school  fund,  and  die  clear  proceeds 
of  all  penalties  and  forfeitures  and  of  all  fines  collected  m  the  several  counties  for 
any  breach  o^  the  penal  laws  o{  the  State,  shall  belong  to  and  remain  m  the  several  \ 
counties,  and  shall  be  faithlulK'  appropriated  and  used  exclusively  for  maintaining 
free  public  schools. 

(b)  The  General  Assembly  may  place  m  a  State  fund  the  clear  proceeds  of  all 
civil  penalties,  forfeitures  and  hues  which  are  collected  by  State  agencies  and  which  ; 
belong  to  the  pubhc  schools  pursuant  to  subsection  (a)  of  this  section.  Moneys  m  ; 
such  State  fund  shall  be  faithfully  appropriated  by  the  General  Assembly  on  a  per  I 
pupil  basis,  to  the  counties,  to  be  used  exclusively  for  maintaining  free  public  i 
schools. 

Sec.  8.  Higher  education.  The  General  Assembly  shall  maintain  a  public  system  of  i 
higher  education,  comprising  The  University  of  North  Carolina  and  such  other  ^ 
institutions  of  higher  education  as  the  General  Assembly  may  deem  wise.  The 
General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  the  selection  of  trustees  of  The  University  of 
North  Carolina  and  of  the  other  institutions  of  higher  education,  m  v^'hom  shall  be 
vested  all  the  privileges,  rights,  franchises,  and  endowments  heretotore  granted  to 
or  conferred  upon  the  trustees  of  these  institutions.  The  General  Assembly  may 
enact  laws  necessaiy  and  expedient  for  the  maintenance  and  management  of  The 
University  of  North  Carolina  and  the  other  public  institutions  of  higher  education. 

Sec.  9.  Benefits  of  public  institutions  of  higher  education.  The  General  Assembly 
shall  provide  that  the  benehts  of  The  University  of  North  Carolina  and  other  public 
institutions  of  higher  education,  as  far  as  practicable,  be  extended  to  the  people  of 
the  State  free  of  expense. 

Sec.  10.   Escheats.  I 

{!)    Escheats  prior  to  July  U  1971.    All  property  that  prior  to  July  1,  1971, 
accrued  to  the  State  from  escheats,  unclaimed  dividends,  or  distributive  shares  \ 
of  the  estates  of  deceased  persons  shall  be  appropriated  to  the  use  of  The  ; 
UiiR-ersity  of  North  Carolina.  j 

(2)  Escheats  after  June  30,  1971.  All  property  that,  after  June  30,  1971,  shall: 
accrue  to  the  State  from  escheats,  unclaimed  dividends,  or  distributive  shares  of) 
the  estates  of  deceased  persons  shall  be  used  to  aid  worthy  and  needy  students  i 
who  are  residents  o'i  this  State  and  are  enrolled  m  public  institutions  ol  higher  j 
education  in  this  State.  The  method,  amount,  and  type  of  distribution  shall  be  '■ 
prescribed  by  law. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Article  X 

Homesteads  And  Exetnptiotts 

Section  1.  Personal  property  exemptions.  The  personal  property  of  any  resident  of 
this  State,  to  a  value  fixed  by  the  General  Assembly  but  not  less  than  $500,  to  be 
selected  by  the  resident,  is  exempted  from  sale  under  execution  or  other  final  process 
of  any  court,  issued  for  the  collection  of  any  debt. 

Sec.  2.   Homestead  exemptions. 

(1)  Exemption  from  sale;  exceptions.  Every  homestead  and  the  dwellings  and 
buildings  used  therewith,  to  a  value  fixed  by  the  General  Assembly  but  not  less 
than  $1,000,  to  be  selected  by  the  owner  thereof,  or  m  lieu  thereof,  at  the 
option  of  the  owner,  any  lot  in  a  city  or  town  with  the  dwellings  and  buildings 
used  thereon,  and  to  the  same  value,  owned  and  occupied  by  a  resident  of  the 
State,  shall  be  exempt  from  sale  under  execution  or  other  final  process  obtained 
on  any  debt.  But  no  property  shall  be  exempt  from  sale  for  taxes,  or  for  payment 
of  obligations  contracted  for  its  purchase. 

(2)  Exemption  for  beneht  of  children.  The  homestead,  after  the  death  of  the 
owner  thereof,  shall  be  exempt  from  the  payment  of  any  debt  during  the  minority 
of  the  owners  children,  or  any  of  them. 

(3)  Exemption  for  beneht  of  sur\aving  spouse.  If  the  owner  of  a  homestead 
dies,  leaving  a  surviving  spouse  but  no  minor  children,  the  homestead  shall  be 
exempt  from  the  debts  of  the  owner,  and  the  rents  and  prohts  thereof  shall 
inure  to  the  beneht  of  the  surviving  spouse  until  he  or  she  remarries,  unless  the 
sunivmg  spouse  is  the  owner  of  a  separate  homestead. 

(4)  Conveyance  of  homestead.  Nothing  contained  in  this  Article  shall  operate 
to  prevent  the  owner  of  a  homestead  from  disposing  of  it  by  deed,  but  no  deed 
made  by  a  married  owner  of  a  homestead  shall  be  valid  without  the  signature 

j       and  acknowledgement  of  his  or  her  spouse. 

§Sec.  3.  Mechanics'  and  laborers'  liens.  The  General  Assembly  shall  provide  by 
proper  legislation  for  giving  to  mechanics  and  laborers  an  adequate  lien  on  the 
isubject-matter  of  their  labor.  The  provisions  of  Sections  1  and  2  of  this  Article 
I  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  prevent  a  laborers  Hen  for  work  done  and  performed 
I  for  the  person  claiming  the  exemption  or  a  mechanics  lien  for  work  done  on  the 
j  premises. 

Sec.  4.  Property  of  married  women  secured  to  them.  The  real  and  personal  property 
of  any  female  m  this  State  acquired  before  marriage,  and  all  property  real  and  personal, 
to  which  she  may  after  marriage,  become  in  any  manner  entitled,  shall  be  and 
remain  the  sole  and  separate  estate  and  property  of  such  female,  and  shall  not  be 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

liable  tor  any  debls,  obligations,  or  engagements  ot  her  husband,  and  may  be  devised 
and  bequeathed  and  conveyed  by  her,  subject  to  such  regulations  and  limitations  as 
the  General  Assembly  may  prescribe.    Every  married  woman  may  exercise  powers 
o{  attorney  conferred  upon  her  by  her  husband,  including  the  power  to  execute  andl 
acknowledge  deeds  to  property  owned  by  herself  and  her  husband  or  by  herf 
husband. 

Sec.  5.  Insurance.  A  person  may  insure  his  or  her  own  life  for  the  sole  use  and 
beneht  of  his  or  her  spouse  or  children  or  both,  and  upon  his  or  her  death  the| 
proceeds  Irom  the  insurance  shall  be  paid  to  or  for  the  benefit  of  the  spouse  or| 
children  or  both,  or  to  a  guardian,  iree  from  all  claims  of  the  representatives  or 
creditors  of  the  insured  or  his  or  her  estate.  Any  insurance  policy  which  insures  the 
life  of  a  person  lor  the  sole  use  and  benefit  of  that  persons  spouse  or  children  or 
both  shall  not  be  subject  to  the  claims  of  creditors  of  the  insured  during  his  or  hei 
lifetime,  whether  or  not  the  policy  reseiTes  to  the  insured  during  his  or  her  lifetime 
any  or  all  rights  provided  for  by  the  policy  and  whether  or  not  the  policy  proceeds 
are  payable  to  the  estate  ot  the  insured  m  the  event  the  beneficiaiy  or  benehciaries' 
predecease  the  insured. 

Article  XI 

Punishments,  Corrections,  And  Charities 

Section  1.  Punishments.  The  tollowmg  punishments  only  shall  be  known  tc 
the  laws  of  this  State:  death,  imprisonment,  hues,  suspension  of  a  jail  or  prison 
term  with  or  without  conciitions,  restitution,  community  service,  restraints  on  liberty 
work  programs,  removal  from  ofhce,  and  disqualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  an) 
office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  this  State. 

Sec.  2.  Death,  ipunishment  The  object  of  punishments  being  not  only  to  satisfy 
justice,  but  also  to  retorm  the  offender  and  thus  prevent  crime,  murder,  arson 
burglary,  and  rape,  and  these  only,  may  be  punishable  with  death,  if  the  Genera. 
Assembly  shall  so  enact. 

Sec.  3.  Charitable  and  correctional  institutions  and  agencies.  Such  charitable: 
benevolent,  penal,  and  correctional  institutions  and  agencies  as  the  needs  of  humanit) 
and  the  public  good  may  require  shall  be  established  and  operated  by  the  Stat(' 
under  such  organization  and  m  such  manner  as  the  General  Assembly  may  prescribe 

Sec.  4.  Wel/are  ipolicy;  hoard  of  public  welfare.  Beneficent  provision  for  thei 
poor,  the  unfortunate,  and  the  orphan  is  one  of  the  first  duties  of  a  ci\ilized  and  i' 
Christian  state.  Therefore  the  General  Assembly  shall  provide  for  and  define  thq' 
duties  of  a  board  of  public  welfare. 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Article  XII 

Military  Forces 

Section  1 .  Governor  is  Commander  in  Chief.  The  Governor  shall  be  Commander 
in  Chief  of  the  military  forces  of  the  State  and  may  call  out  those  forces  to  execute 
the  law,  suppress  riots  and  msurrections,  and  repel  invasion. 

Article  XIII 

Conventiotts;   Constitutional  Amendment  And  Revision 

Section  1 .  Convention  of  the  People.  No  Convention  of  the  People  of  this  State 
shall  ever  be  called  unless  by  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  all  the  members  of 
each  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  and  unless  the  proposition  "Convention  or 
No  Convention"  is  first  submitted  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  at  the  time  and 
in  the  manner  prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly.  If  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast 
lUpon  the  proposition  are  in  favor  of  a  Convention,  it  shall  assemble  on  the  day 
prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly.  The  General  Assembly  shall,  in  the  act 
submitting  the  convention  proposition,  propose  limitations  upon  the  authority  of 
the  Convention;  and  if  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  upon  the  proposition  are  in  favor 
of  a  Convention,  those  limitations  shall  become  binding  upon  the  Convention. 
Delegates  to  the  Convention  shall  be  elected  by  the  qualified  voters  at  the  time  and 
|in  the  manner  prescribed  in  the  act  of  submission.  The  Convention  shall  consist  of 
a  number  of  delegates  equal  to  the  membership  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  General  Assembly  that  submits  the  convention  proposition  and  the  delegates 
shall  be  apportioned  as  is  the  House  of  Representatives.  A  Convention  shall  adopt 
no  ordinance  not  necessar}'  to  the  purpose  for  which  the  Convention  has  been 
called. 

Sec.  2.  Power  to  revise  or  amend  Constitution  reserved  to  people.  The  people  of 
this  State  reserve  the  power  to  amend  this  Constitution  and  to  adopt  a  new  or 
revised  Constitution.  This  power  may  be  exercised  by  either  of  the  methods  set  out 
hereinafter  in  this  Article,  but  m  no  other  way 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  3.  Revision  or  amendment  by  Convention  of  the  People.  A  Convention  of  the 
People  ol  this  State  may  be  called  pursuant  to  Section  1  oi  this  Article  to  propose  a 
new  or  revised  Constitution  oi"  to  projoose  amendments  to  this  Constitution.  Every 
new  or  revised  Constitution  and  every  constitutional  amendment  adopted  by  a 
Conx'cntion  shall  be  submitted  to  the  qualihed  voters  of  the  State  at  the  time  and  m 
the  manner  prescribed  by  the  Convention.  II  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast  thereon 
are  in  tavor  of  ratihcation  of  the  new  or  revised  Constitution  or  the  constitutional 
amendment  or  amendments,  it  or  the\'  shall  become  effective  January  hrst  next  after 
ratification  b\'  the  qualihed  voters  unless  a  different  effective  date  is  prescribed  by 
the  Convention. 

Sec.  4.    Revision  or  amendment  hy  legislative  initiation.    A  proposal  of  a  new  or 
revised  Constitution  or  an  amendment  or  amendments  to  this  Constitution  may  be 
initiated  by  the  General  Assembly  but  only  if  three-fifths  of  all  the  members  of  each 
house  shall  adopt  an  act  submitting  the  proposal  to  the  qualihed  voters  of  the  State 
for  their  ratification  or  reiection.  The  proposal  shall  be  submitted  at  the  time  and  m 
the  manner  prescribed  by  the  General  Assembly    If  a  majority  of  the  votes  cast' 
thereon  are  in  favor  of  the  proposed  new  or  revised  Constitution  or  conslitutionab 
amendment  or  amendments,  it  or  they  shall  become  effective  Januaiy  first  next  afier 
ratification  by  the  voters  unless  a  different  efiective  date  is  prescribed  m  the  acti 
submitting  the  proposal  or  proposals  to  the  C|ualified  x'oters. 

Article  XIV 

Miscellaneous 

Section  I.  Seat  oj  government.  The  permanent  seat  ol  government  of  this  State 
shall  be  at  the  City  o{  Raleigh. 

Sec.  2.  State  boundaries.  The  limits  and  boundaries  of  the  State  shall  be  and 
remain  as  they  now  are.  \ 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 

Sec.  3.    General  laws  defined.    Whenever  the  General  Assembly  is  directed  or 

authorized  by  this  Constitution  to  enact  general  laws,  or  general  laws  uniformly 

applicable  throughout  the  State,  or  general  laws  uniformly  applicable  in  every  county, 

city  and  town,  and  other  unit  of  local  government,  or  m  every  local  court  district, 

no  special  or  local  act  shall  be  enacted  concerning  the  subject  matter  directed  or 

authorized  to  be  accomplished  by  general  or  uniformly  applicable  laws,  and  every 

amendment  or  repeal  of  any  law  relating  to  such  subject  matter  shall  also  be  general 

and  uniform  in  its  effect  throughout  the  State.    General  laws  may  be  enacted  for 

classes  defined  by  population  or  other  criteria.    General  laws  uniformly  applicable 

throughout  the  State  shall  be  made  applicable  without  classification  or  exception  in 

every  unit  of  local  government  of  like  kind,  such  as  every  county,  or  every  city  and 

'  town,  but  need  not  be  made  applicable  in  every  unit  of  local  government  in  the 

i  State.    General  laws  uniformly  applicable  in  every  county,  city  and  town,  and  other 

'unit  of  local  government,  or  in  every  local  court  district,  shall  be  made  applicable 

^without  classiftcation  or  exception  in  every  unit  of  local  government,  or  in  every 

:  local  court  district,  as  the  case  may  be.    The  General  Assembly  may  at  any  time 

I  repeal  any  special,  local,  or  private  act. 

I  Sec.  4.  Continuity  of  laws;  protection  oj  officer  holders.  The  laws  of  North  Carolina 

•not  in  conflict  with  this  Constitution  shall  continue  in  force  until  lawfully  altered. 

1  Except  as  otherwise  speciflcally  provided,  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution  shall 

not  have  the  effect  of  vacating  any  offlce  or  term  of  office  now  filled  or  held  by 

virtue  of  any  election  or  appointment  made  under  the  prior  Constitution  of  North 

'Carolina  and  the  laws  of  the  State  enacted  pursuant  thereto. 
» 

iSec.  5.  Conservation  of  natural  resources.  It  shall  be  the  policy  of  this  State  to 
conserve  and  protect  its  lands  and  waters  for  the  benefit  of  all  its  citizenry,  and  to 
this  end  it  shall  be  a  proper  function  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  and  its  pofitical 
i  subdivisions  to  acquire  and  preserve  park,  recreational,  and  scenic  areas,  to  control 
iand  limit  the  pollution  of  our  air  and  water,  to  control  excessive  noise,  and  in  every 
other  appropriate  way  to  preserve  as  a  part  of  the  common  heritage  of  this  State  its 
forests,  wetlands,  estuaries,  beaches,  historical  sites,  openlands,  and  places  of  beauty 

;To  accomplish  the  aforementioned  public  purposes,  the  State  and  its  counties,  cities 
land  towns,  and  other  units  of  local  government  may  acquire  by  purchase  or  gift 
properties  or  interests  in  properties  which  shall,  upon  their  special  dedication  to 
and  acceptance  by  law  adopted  by  a  vote  of  three-fifths  of  the  members  of  each 
house  of  the  General  Assembly  for  those  public  purposes,  constitute  part  of  the 
"State  Nature  and  Historic  Preserve",  and  which  shall  not  be  used  for  other  purposes 
except  as  authorized  by  law  enacted  by  a  vote  of  three-fifths  of  the  members  of  each 
house  of  the  General  Assembly    The  General  Assembly  shall  prescribe  by  general 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

law  the  condilions  and  procedures  under  which  such  properties  or  interests  therein 
shall  be  dedicated  lor  the  alorementioned  public  purposes. 

Notes 

l.The  General  Assembly  ol'  1975,  by  1975  N.C.  Sess.  Laws,  Ch.  641,  submitted 
to  the  qualified  voters  o{  the  State  an  amendment  to  add  Art.  V,  Sec.  8,  with 
respect  to  financing  health  care  facilities,  and  the  voters  m  1976  ratified  it  (see 
above).  At  the  same  session,  the  General  Assembly,  by  1975  N.C.  Sess.  Laws, 
Ch.  826,  submitted  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  an  amendment  to  add  a 
section  with  respect  to  industrial  revenue  bonds  which  it  also  designated  Art.  V, 
Sec.  8  (inadvertently  duplicating  section  number  8),  and  the  voters  m  1976  ratified 
it.  The  potential  problem  of  duplicative  section  numbers  was  addressed  by 
designating  the  section  regarding  industrial  revenue  bonds  as  Sec.  9  m  subsequent 
printings  ot  the  Constitution  as  issued  by  the  Secretary  of  State  and  as  published 
in  the  General  Statutes  of  North  Carolina. 

2.  The  General  Assembly  of  1983,  by  1983  N.C.  Sess.  Laws,  Ch.  765,  submitted 
to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  an  amendment  to  add  Art.  V,  Sec.  11,  with 
respect  to  financing  agricultural  facilities,  and  the  voters  m  1984  ratified  it  (see 
above).  At  the  1986  session,  the  General  Assembly  by  1985  N.C.  Sess.  Laws, 
Ch.  814,  submitted  to  the  quaUfied  voters  of  the  State  an  amendment  to  add  a 
section  with  respect  to  private  higher  education  facility  financing  which  it  also 
designated  Art.  V,  Sec.  11  (inadvertently  duplicating  section  number  1 1),  and  the 
voters  in  1986  ratified  it.  The  potential  problem  of  duplicative  section  numbers 
was  addressed  by  designating  the  section  regarding  private  higher  education 
facilities  as  Sec.  12  in  subsequent  printings  ol  the  Constitution  as  issued  by  the 
Secretary  of  State  and  as  published  m  the  General  Statutes  of  North  Carolina. 

3.  At  its  1986  session,  the  General  Assembly  by  1985  N.C.  Sess.  Laws,  Ch.  933, 
submitted  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  State  an  amendment  to  add  Art.  V,  Sec. 
12,  with  respect  to  financing  airport  and  seaport  facilities,  and  the  voters  m  1986 
ratified  it,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  there  was  already  a  Sec.  12,  according  to 
the  practice  m  section  numbering  that  had  been  followed  to  deal  with  the 
duplicative  section  numbers  used  by  the  General  Assembly  in  1986.  The  potential! 
problem  ot  duplicative  section  numbers  was  addressed  by  designating  the  section 
regarding  airport  and  seaport  facilities  financing  as  Sec.  13  in  subsequent  printings' 
ol  the  Constitution  as  issued  by  the  Secretar)'  of  State  and  as  published  m  the, 
General  Statutes  of  North  Carolina.  I 


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NORTH     CAROLINA'S     CONSTITUTION  CHAPTER    THREE 


145 


The  Council  of  State  and  the  Executive  Branch 

Under  provisions  in  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina,  the  three  branches  of 
state  government  -  legislative,  executive  and  judicial  -  are  distinct  and  separate  from 
each  other  (Article  I,  Section  6).  This  separation  of  powers  has  been  a  fundamental 
principal  of  state  government's  organizational  structure  since  North  Carolina's 
independence. 

In  the  nearly  two  hundred  years  since  the  formation  of  the  state  of  North  Carolina, 

jmany  changes  have  occurred  in  that  structure.  State  and  local  governments  in  North 

Carolina  have  grown  from  minimal  organizations  comprising  a  handful  of  employees 

statewide  in  1776  to  the  current  multi-billion  dollar  enterprise  that  employs 

'  thousands  of  public  servants  all  over  the  state  and  provides  services  for  millions  of 

[North  Carolina's  citizens  each  year. 

'        The  increasing  number  of  services  and  programs  that  state  and  local  governments 

provide  to  citizens  and  businesses  throughout  the  state  has  brought  with  it 

management  challenges.  In  1970  the  state's  executive  branch  included  over  200 

independent  agencies.  Recognizing  the  need  to  streamline  and  simplify  the  executive 

i  branch's  organization,  the  General  Assembly  undertook  a  major  reorganization  of 

i  state  government.  The  legislators  began  the  reorganization  by  defining  the  activities 

j  that  most  appropriately  should  be  entrusted  to  executive  branch  agencies. 

In  an  October  27,  1967,  speech,  Governor  Dan  K.  Moore  urged  the  North 
j,  Carolina  State  Bar  to  take  the  lead  in  sponsoring  a  study  to  determine  the  need  for 
■revising  or  rewriting  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina.  The  Council  of  the  North 
i  Carolina  State  Bar  and  the  North  Carolina  Association  joined  in  appointing  a  steering 
I  committee  that  selected  twenty-five  people  for  a  North  Carolina  State  Constitution 
Commission. 

The  commission's  report,  submitted  on  December  16,  1968,  contained  a 
proposed  amendment  to  the  state  constitution  that  would  reduce  the  number  of 
executive  branch  departments  to  25  and  authorize  the  governor  to  reorganize  the 
administrative  branch  subject  to  approval  by  the  General  Assembly 

The  1969  General  Assembly  submitted  the  proposed  constitutional  amendment 

to  a  vote  of  the  people  and  also  authorized  the  governor  to  begin  a  study  of 

consolidation  of  state  agencies  and  to  prepare  a  recommendation  for  the  General 

il  Assembly  Governor  Robert  W  Scott  established  the  State  Government  Reorganization 

i  Study  Commission  in  October,  1969.  Later,  in  May  1970,  the  governor  appointed  a 

I  fifty-member  citizen  Committee  on  State  Government  Organization  to  review  the  study 

and  make  specific  recommendations  for  implementation  of  the  reorganization  plan. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Voters  approxcd  I  he  consUlulional  proposal  requiring  the  reduelion  of  the 
number  ol  administrative  departments  in  the  general  election  on  November  3,  1970. 
The  amendment  called  lor  the  executive  branch  to  be  reduced  to  25  departments  by 
the  end  o^  1975.  The  Committee  on  State  Government  Reorganization  submitted 
its  recommendations  to  the  governor  on  February  4,  1971. 

The  committee  recommended  implementation  of  the  amendment  in  two  phases. 
Phase  I  would  group  agencies  together  in  a  limited  number  of  functional 
departments.  The  General  Assembly  approved  the  implementation  of  Phase  I  m 
1971.  Phase  II  began  m  1971  and  contmueci  into  1973  as  agencies  began  to  evaluate 
agency  and  department  organizations.  The  results  of  this  analysis  were  presented  to 
the  1973  General  Assembly  m  the  lorm  oi  legislation  that  would  revise  existing 
statutes  to  more  closely  conlorm  to  the  executive  branch's  new  organizational 
structure.  The  legislators  began  working  to  make  the  changes  m  state  law  needed  to 
support  the  reorganization. 

With  strong  support  from  Governor  Scott,  the  General  Assembly  ratihed  the 
Executive  Organization  Act  of  1971  on  July  14,  1971.  The  act  divided  the  executive 
branch  into  rough  groupings.  The  hrst  group  was  composed  of  19  principal  ofhces 
and  departments  headed  by  elected  ofhcials.  Nine  other  departments  organized  along 
iunctional  lines  and  headed  by  appointed  administrators  formed  the  second  grouping 
of  agencies. 

The  act  implemented  Phase  1  ot  the  reorganization  through  types  of  transfers.  A 
Type  I  transfer  meant  translerring  all  or  part  of  an  agenc)'  —  including  its  statutory 
authority,  powers  and  duties  —  to  a  principal  department.  A  Type  II  transfer  meant 
translerring  an  existing  agency  intact  to  a  principal  department  with  the  translerring 
agency  retaining  its  statutor)^  authority  and  functions,  which  would  now  be  exercised 
under  the  direction  and  supervision  of  the  principal  departments  head.  Governor 
Scott  created  all  of  the  ofhces  and  departments  called  for  by  the  act  prior  to  the 
mandated  deadUne  of  July  1,  1972. 

The  Executive  Reorganization  Act  of  1971  created  the  following  principal 
departments  and  agencies:  ; 

Office  of  the  Governor  I 

Office  ofthe  Lieutenant  Governor  | 

Department  ofthe  Secretary  of  State 

Department  ofthe  State  Auditor  - 

Department  of  State  Treasurer  I 

Department  of  Public  Elducation  I 

(now  the  Department  of  Public  Instruction) 

Department  of  Justice 


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THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 

Department  of  Agriculture 

(now  named  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Consumer  Services) 

Department  ofLabor 

Department  oflnsurance 

Department  of  Administration 

Department  ofTransportation  and  Highway  Safety 
(now  named  the  Department  ofTransportation) 

Department  ofNatural  and  Economic  Resources 

(now  the  Department  ofEnvironment  and  Natural  Resources) 

Department  ofHuman  Resources 

(now  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services) 

!       Department  of  Social  Rehabilitation  and  Control 
(now  the  Department  of  Correction) 

Department  of  Commerce 

Department  ofRevenue 

I      Department  of  Art,  Culture  and  History 
'      (now  Department  of  Cultural  Resources) 

Department  ofMiUtary  and  Veterans  Afifeirs 
I      (now  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety). 

A  gubernatorial  executive  order  issued  June  26,  1972,  created  an  executive  cabinet 
Consisting  of  the  heads  of  these  departments.  The  newly-formed  cabinets  first  order  of 
pusiness  was  to  manage  the  implementation  of  Phase  11  of  the  reorganization  plan. 

\  Further  alterations  in  the  executive  branch s  structure  followed  between  1972 
jmd  1977.  In  1973,  the  General  Assembly  passed  the  Executive  Organizations  Act 
pf  1973.  The  act  affected  four  of  the  newly  created  departments  —  Cultural  Resources, 
human  Resources,  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs  and  Revenue.  The  1973  law  vested 
final  administrative  and  managerial  powers  for  the  executive  branch  in  the  hands  of 
he  governor  and  gave  him  powers  to  appoint  a  secretary  for  each  of  the  departments 
lamed.  The  law  also  defined  the  powers  of  the  secretaries,  yet  named  specifically- 
designated  policy  areas  and  executive  powers  already  vested  in  various  commissions 
hat  could  not  be  countermanded  by  either  the  governor  or  a  departmental  secretary 

j  The  1973  act  changed  the  name  of  the  Department  of  Arts,  Culture  and  History 
|:o  the  Department  of  Cultural  Resources.  Various  boards,  commissions,  councils, 
and  socieues  providing  cultural  programs  for  North  Carolina  citizens  were  brought 
ander  the  umbrella  of  the  Department  of  Cultural  Resources. 

The  Department  of  Human  Resources  and  the  Department  of  Revenue  were 
-estructured.  The  1973  act  created  a  Board  of  Human  Resources  in  the  Department 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

i 

of  Human  Resources  lo  serve  as  an  advisoiy  board  to  the  secretary  on  any  matter  he 
or  she  might  refer  to  it.  I 

The  Department  o(  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs  was  specifically  charged  with 
making  sure  the  states  National  Guard  troops  were  trained  to  federal  standards. 
The  act  also  made  the  department  responsible  for  ensuring  military  and  civil 
preparedness  and  assisting  veterans  and  their  families  and  dependents.  A  new 
Veterans  Affairs  Commission  was  created  to  assist  the  secretary  with  veterans  services  i 
programs. 

The  initial  reorganization  of  the  states  executive  branch  was  mostly  completed; 
by  the  end  of  1975.  The  governor,  however,  sought  several  additional: 
reorganizational  changes.  The  proposals  primarily  affected  four  departments  — i 
Commerce,  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs,  Natural  and  Economic  Resources  andi 
Transportation. 

The  1977  General  Assembly  enacted  several  laws  implementing  the  new; 
proposals.  The  old  Department  of  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs  was  replaced  by  a 
new  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety.  The  Veterans  AffairsI 
Commission  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  Administration.  The  State  Highway  i 
Patrol,  formerly  part  of  the  Department  of  Transportations  Division  oi  Motor 
Vehicles,  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety, 
The  1977  act  created  a  Governor's  Crime  Commission  administered  by  Crime 
Control  and  Public  Safety. 

The  Energy  Division  and  the  Energy  Polic)'  Council  were  transferred  from  the. 
Department  of  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs  to  the  Department  of  Commerce,  along 
with  three  agencies  previously  under  the  Department  of  Transportation  —  the  State 
Ports  Authority  and  two  commissions  on  Na\'igation  and  Pilotage. 

Other  legislative  changes  further  reorganized  the  Department  of  Commerce  by. 
transferring  the  Economic  Development  Division  from  the  Department  ot  Natural 
and  Economic  Development  as  well  as  by  creating  a  Labor  Eorce  Development 
Council  to  coordinate  the  needs  of  industiy  with  the  programs  offered  in  North! 
Carolinas  educational  institutions.  The  Economic  Development  Division  transfer 
encountered  some  opposition  because  the  existing  structure  had  allowed  new; 
prospective  mdustr}'  to  deal  with  only  one  department  regarding  environmental 
regulation  and  economic  development.  i 

Reorganization  has  become  a  predictable,  on-going  feature  ol  state  go\'ernmentS; 
executive  branch  since  1971.  Department  names  have  changed,  missions  and: 
mandates  have  been  altered  and  some  agencies,  such  as  the  Office  of  State  Controller,,' 
have  been  given  autonomous  status.  One  new  department  —  the  Department  oil 
Community  Colleges  -  has  been  created.  | 

The  most  sweeping  reorganization  since  1977  occurred  m  1989  and  involved] 
major  changes  to  the  Departments  of  Commerce,  Human  Resources  and  Natural! 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Resources  and  Community  Development  (NRCD).  All  three  were  restructured 
siL^mficantly.  The  Department  of  Natural  Resources  and  Economic  Development 
became  the  Department  of  Environment,  Health  and  Natural  Resources  with  primary 
responsibilities  in  the  areas  of  environmental  and  natural  resources  management 
and  public  health  protection.  The  Department  of  Commerce  was  renamed  the 
Department  of  Economic  and  Community  Development.  This  department  acquired 
the  community  development  activities  of  the  old  NRCD  and  added  them  to  the 
commercial  and  industrial  activity  of  the  old  Department  of  Commerce.  The 
Department  of  Human  Resources  lost  its  Division  of  Health  Ser\'ices  and  several 
sections  from  other  divisions  relating  to  emironmental  and  health  management. 

The  growth  m  programs  at  the  Department  of  Environment,  Health  and  Natural 
Resources  led  to  legislation  approved  in  the  1996  General  Assembly  that  formally 
reorganized  the  department  yet  again.  As  of  June  1,  1997,  all  health  functions  and 
programs  were  consolidated  in  the  newly-renamed  Department  of  Health  and  Human 
'Services,  which  also  comprised  the  former  Department  of  Human  Resources.  The 
Department  of  Environment,  Health  and  Natural  Resources  was  renamed  the 
Department  of  En\aronment  and  Natural  Resources. 

North  Carolina's  newest  executive  branch  agency  is  North  CaroHna  Department 
of  Juvenile  Justice  and  Delinquency  Prevention.  George  L.  Sweat,  the  departments 
first  secretary,  was  sworn  into  ofhce  on  July  20,  2000. 


The  Council  of  State 

Origin  and  Composition 

j  North  Carolina's  Council  of  State  is  composed  of  the  elected  officials  enumerated 
in  Article  111  of  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina.  Each  of  these  officials  is  the 
jexecutive  head  of  a  department  of  state  government.  The  council  advises  the  governor 
Ion  certain  important  administrative  matters  of  state.  The  council  is  also  charged  by 
katute  with  other  specific  duties  and  responsibilities. 

The  Council  of  State  had  its  origin  m  the  Constitution  of  1776.  Drafted  and 
'promulgated  by  the  Eifth  Provincial  Congress  m  December,  1776,  this  document 
pas  created  without  being  subsequently  submitted  to  North  Carolina  voters  for 
'popular  approval.  The  constitution  —  and  its  accompanying  declaration  of  rights 
I—  set  forth  the  organizational  structure  of  the  new  state  government  while,  at  the 
same  time,  Umiting  its  ability  to  intrude  in  the  private  live  of  many  state  citizens. 
jThe  1776  constitution  estabUshed  the  famihar  three-way  separation  of  power  that 
still  forms  the  basis  of  state  government  in  North  Carolina.  True  power  of  state, 
however,  was  concentrated  in  the  legislative  branch. 

A  profound  distrust  of  executive  power  was  evident  throughout  the  Constitution 
'of  1776.  It  allowed  the  governor  only  a  one-year  term  with  a  limit  ot  onl\'  three 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

terms  in  any  six  years.  The  small  amount  of  executive  authority  granted  to  the 
governor  was  further  limited  by  requiring,  m  many  instances,  the  concurrence  of 
the  Council  of  State  before  the  governor  could  exercise  power. 

The  Council  ol  State  consisted  of  seven  men  elected  by  joint  vote  of  the  two 
houses  ol  the  General  Assembly.  They  were  elected  tor  a  one-year  term  and  could 
not  be  members  of  either  the  state  Senate  or  the  state  House  of  Commons.  If  a 
vacancy  occurred,  it  was  hlled  at  the  next  session  ol  the  General  Assembly.  The 
council  was  created  to  "advise  the  governor  m  the  execution  of  his  oftice,"  but  was 
independent  of  the  governor. 

The  role  of  our  Council  of  State  today  is  similar  to  what  it  was  centuries  ago. 
While  no  longer  a  separate  and  distinct  body  elected  by  the  General  Assembly,  the 
functions  of  advising  the  governor  and  making  decisions  which  are  important  to 
the  operation  of  government  have  suivived. 

Constitutional  Basis 

Article  111,  Section  7,  of  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina  provides  for  the 
election  of  the  following  state  officers: 

Secretary  of  State 

State  Auditor 

State  Treasurer 

Superintendent  ofPublic  Instr-uction 

Attorney  General 

Commissioner  of  Labor 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture 

Commissioner  oflnsurance 

All  of  these  ofhcers,  including  the  governor  and  lieutenant  governor,  are  elected 
by  the  citizens  of  North  Carolina  at  the  same  time  that  votes  are  cast  for  president, 
and  vice  president  —  November  ol  every  other  even-numbered  year.  They  are  elected' 
to  four-year  terms  and,  except  for  the  governor  and  lieutenant  governor,  who  can  be, 
elected  to  only  one  additional  consecutive  term,  there  is  no  limit  on  the  number  of 
times  each  member  of  the  Council  of  State  may  be  elected.  In  the  event  of  vacancy 
on  the  council  due  to  death,  resignation  or  otherwise,  the  governor  has  the  authority 
to  appoint  someone  to  ser\'e  until  a  successor  is  elected  at  the  next  general  election' 
for  members  of  the  General  Assembly  Section  8,  Article  111  of  the  Constitution 
provides  that  those  elected  officials  shall  constitute  the  Council  of  State. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Duties  and  Responsibilities 

The  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  Council  of  State,  as  prescribed  in  the 
General  Statutes  of  North  Carolina,  are  to: 

Advise  the  governor  on  calling  special  sessions  of  the  North  Carolina 
General  Assembly. 

Advise  the  governor  and  state  treasurer  on  investment  of  assurance  ftind. 

Approve  transfers  j&x3m  state  property  fire  insurance  fiand  agencies 
suffering  losses. 

Approve  the  purchase  of  insurance  for  reinsurance. 

Control  internal  improvements  and  require  the  chief  executive  of  public 
works  to  report  on  improvements  to  the  council  and  the  General 
Assembly. 

Approve  the  sale,  lease  and  mortgage  of  corporate  property  in  which  the 
state  has  an  interest. 

hivestigate  public  works  companies. 

Approve  the  governor's  determination  of  competitive  positions. 

Allot  contingency  and  emergency  firnds  for  many  purposes. 

Approve  survey  of  state  boundaries. 

Sign  bonds  in  lieu  of  treasurer. 

Authorize  the  treasurer  on  replacing  bonds  and  notes. 

Authorize  the  treasurer  to  borrow  in  emergency  and  report  such  to  the 
state  legislature. 

Approve  the  issuance  ofbonds,  set  interest  rate  and  approve  the  manner 
ofsale. 

Request  cancellation  ofhighway  bonds  in  sinking  fiinds  if  necessary. 

Approve  borrowing  in  anticipation  of  collection  of  taxes. 

Approve  parking  lot  rules. 

Participate  in  lease,  rental,  purchase  and  sale  of  real  property. 

Approve  motor  pool  rules. 

Approve  general  service  rules  and  regulations. 

Approve  property  and  space  allocations. 

Approve  war  and  civil  defense  plans. 

Approve  banks  and  securities  for  state  fiinds. 

Approve  all  state  land  transactions. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Meetings 

The  Council  of  Slate  meets  monthly  at  a  time  agreed  upon  by  its  members. 
Currently,  the  council  meets  the  first  Tuesday  of  each  month.  Prior  to  1985,  Council 
ot  State  meetings  were  exempted  irom  the  State  Open  Meetings  Law  by  act  of  the 
General  Assembly.  There  was,  however,  so  much  public  uproar  over  this  practice 
that  since  1985  the  meetings  have  been  open. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

I 

the  Office  of  the  Governor 

The  Office  of  the  Governor  is  the  oldest  governmental  office  in  the  state.  North 
Carolina's  first  governor  was  Ralph  Lane,  who  served  as  governor  of  Sir  Waller 
jRaleigh's  first  colony  on  Roanoke  Island  (1585).  The  first  permanent  governor  was 
'William  Drummond,  appointed  by  William  Berkeley,  Governor  of  Virginia,  and 
one  of  the  Lords  Proprietor.  Prior  to  1729,  governors  were  appointed  by  the  Lords 
Proprietor  and,  after  1730,  they  were  appointed  by  the  crown.  A  governor  ser\'ed  at 
the  pleasure  of  the  appointing  body,  usually  until  he  resigned,  although  there  were 
several  instances  where  other  factors  were  involved.  When  a  regularly-appointed 
governor,  for  whatever  reason,  could  no  longer  perform  his  functions  as  chief 
executive,  either  the  president  of  the  council,  the  deputy  or  lieutenant  governor 
took  over  until  a  new  governor  could  be  appointed.  Following  our  hrst  state 
constitution,  the  governor  was  elected  by  the  two  houses  of  the  General  Assembly. 
;He  was  elected  to  serve  a  one-year  term  and  could  ser\^e  no  more  than  three  years  in 
any  six. 

In  1835,  with  popular  pressure  for  a  more  democratic  form  of  government 
being  felt  in  Raleigh,  a  constitutional  convention  voted  to  amend  certain  sections  of 
ithe  state  constitution.  One  of  the  amendments  provided  for  election  of  the  governor 
by  vote  of  the  people  every  two  years.  Little  was  done,  however,  to  increase  his 
;authority  in  areas  other  than  that  of  appointments. 

In  1868,  North  Carolinians  adopted  their  second  constitution.  The  Constitution 

jiof  1868  incorporated  many  of  the  amendments  that  had  been  added  to  the  original 

T776  Constitution,  but  also  included  changes  resulting  from  the  Civil  War  and 

■emerging  new  attitudes  towards  government.  Provisions  in  this  new  constitution 

!  'increased  the  governors  term  of  office  from  two  to  four  years  and  increased  some  of 

jhis  duties  and  powers  as  well. 

Today,  North  Carolina  is  governed  by  its  third  constitution.  When  ratified  by 
Ithe  states  voters  m  1970,  the  new  state  constitution  contained  few  changes  dealing 
with  the  executive  branch  in  general  and  the  governor  in  particular.  The  citizens  of 
North  Carolina  addressed  the  issue  of  gubernatorial  succession  in  1977  and  voted 
lo  allow  the  governor  and  lieutenant  governor  to  run  for  a  second  consecutive 
'term.  Following  his  re-election  m  1980,  Governor  James  B.  Hum,  jr.  became  the 
first  Governor  of  North  Carolina  since  1866  to  be  elected  to  two  consecutive  four- 
■j^ear  terms  and  to  an  unprecedented  third  term  m  1992.  Gov  Hunt  won  re-election 
.again  in  1996. 

In  1972,  the  Office  of  the  Governor  was  created  as  one  of  the  19  departments  in 
ihe  executive  branch  of  state  government.  Under  the  governor's  immediate  Jurisdiction 
are  assistants  and  personnel  needed  to  carry  out  ihc  functions  of  chief  executive. 
The  Governor  of  North  Carolina  is  not  only  the  state's  chief  executive.  He  or  she 
plso  directs  the  state  budget  and  is  responsible  for  all  phases  of  budgeting  from  the 


155 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

iniLial  preparation  to  final  execution.  The  governor  is  commander-in-chief  of  the  ^ 
states  military  forces.  He  or  she  also  serves  as  chair  of  the  Council  of  State,  which ' 
meets  regularly  and  which  may  convene  m  times  of  emergencies.  The  governor  has 
the  authority  to  convene  a  special  session  of  the  General  Assembly  should  affairs  of 
the  state  dictate  such  a  move.  I 

The  North  Carolina  Constitution  requires  the  governor  to  faithfully  execute  the 
laws  of  the  state.  He  or  she  has  the  power  to  grant  pardons  and  commute  prison 
sentences.  The  governor  may  also  issue  extradition  warrants  and  requests,  join 
interstate  compacts  and  re-organize  and  consolidate  state  agencies  under  his  direct 
control.  The  go\'ernor  has  final  authority  over  state  expenditures  and  is  also 
responsible  for  the  administration  of  all  funds  and  loans  from  the  federal 
government.  At  the  start  ot  each  regular  session  ot  the  General  Assembly,  the  governor, 
delivers  the  State  of  the  State  address  to  a  joint  session  of  the  legislature.  In  1996, ^ 
state  voters  approved  an  amendmeiit  to  the  state  constitution  to  grant  the  governoi  i 
veto  power.  A  bill  that  is  vetoed  is  returned  with  objections  together  with  a  veto^ 
message  stating  the  reasons  for  such  objections.  The  message  is  returned  to  the^ 
house  ill  which  the  vetoed  legislation  originated.  Both  houses  of  the  General  Assembly, 
must  approve  a  bill  by  a  three-filths  majority  to  override  a  veto.  Governor  Easley' 
was  the  first  governor  to  use  the  veto.  He  vetoed  four  bills  during  his  first  term 

Chiei  administrative  branches  of  the  Otfice  of  the  Governor  include: 

Executive  Assistants 

The  Executive  Assistants  to  tlie  Governor  oversee  the  Office  of  the  Governor. 
They  monitor  the  cabinets  policy  development,  serve  as  the  Governors  link  to 
cabinet  members  and  advise  the  Governor  on  legislative  matters.  The  executive, 
assistants  also  represent  the  Governor  m  matters  of  state,  serving  as  his  or  her 
representative. 

Legal  Counsel 

The  Legal  Counsel  to  the  Governor,  appointed  by  the  Governor,  monitors  all,' 
legal  issues  relating  to  the  Governor,  his  cabinet  and  the  Council  of  State.  He  ad\ise& 
the  Governor  when  policy  developments  involve  legal  issues,  coordinates  judicial; 
appointments,  coordinates  the  preparation  and  execution  ot  all  Executive  Orderf 
issued  by  the  Governor  and  investigates  the  merits  of  pardon  rec[uests,  commutations- 
reprieves,  extraditions  and  rewards.  j 

Office  of  Budget  and  Management  \ 

Responsible  for  the  state  budget,  the  state  budget  officer  is  appointed  by  thej 
governor  to  assist  in  cariymg  out  fiscal  responsibilities.  The  Otfice  of  Budget  and 
Management,  under  direction  of  the  state  budget  office,  directs  preparation  of  the 
state  budget,  advises  the  governor  on  policy  decisions  related  to  the  biennial  budget! 


156 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

legislative  issues  and  the  management  of  state  government.  The  state  budget  officer 
also  serves  as  a  liaison  to  the  states  business  community. 

\Boards  and  Commissions  Office 

The  Boards  and  Commissions  Office  reviews  applications  and  submits 
recommendations  for  appointment  to  the  governor  for  more  than  350  statutory 
and  non-statutory  boards  and  commissions  controlled  by  the  Ofhce  of  the  Governor. 
The  Boards  and  Commissions  Ofhce  researches  quahhcations  and  requirements, 
maintains  records  and  serves  as  a  Haison  vv^ith  associations,  agencies  and  interested 
individuals  and  groups. 

Press  Office 

The  Press  Secretary  serves  as  the  spokesperson  for  the  Office  of  the  Governor 
and  coordinates  communications  efforts  for  the  administration,  making  sure  the 
press  and  public  get  information  about  their  state  government.  The  ofhce  prepares 
press  releases,  speeches  and  plans  pubUc  events  for  the  Governor. 

Policy  Office 

The  Policy  Office  is  responsible  for  developing  the  Governor's  key  policy 
initiatives,  including  those  presented  to  the  General  Assembly  for  enactment  or 
funding  and  those  implemented  by  executive  action  or  in  cabinet  agencies.  The 
Policy  Ofhce  works  with  state  agencies,  interest  groups,  nonproht  organizations, 
community  and  business  leaders  and  others  m  an  effort  to  develop  initiatives  that 
reflect  the  Governors  agenda.  An  emphasis  is  placed  on  public-private  partnerships, 
with  a  focus  on  community-based  solutions  to  North  Carolina's  problems. 

Pffice  of  Citizen  Services  and  Community  Relations 

The  Ofhce  of  Citizen  Services  and  Community  Relations  serves  as  a  source  of 
iinformation  and  referral  to  the  citizens  of  the  state.  It  serves  as  the  source  for 
icitizens  to  call  to  let  the  Governor  know  how  they  feel  about  issues  of  importance 
to  them.  It  also  serves  to  refer  callers  to  the  appropriate  local,  state  or  federal  agency 
from  which  they  need  assistance.  The  ofhce  handles  much  of  the  Governor's 
correspondence  to  the  citizens  of  North  Carolina.  Requests  from  students  across 
the  country  seeking  information  about  North  Carolina  for  school  reports,  birthday 
md  anniversary  greetings  and  military  retirement  letters  are  processed  through  this 
office.  All  e-mail  sent  to  the  Governor  is  routed  through  the  Ofhce  of  Citizen  Services. 
The  ofhce  answers  much  of  the  e-mail  or  it  is  forwarded  to  the  proper  agency  for  a 
response.  The  Order  of  the  Long  Leaf  Pine,  Certihcates  of  Appreciation,  Honorary 
Tar  Heel  and  Volunteer  Certihcates  of  Appreciation  are  processed  through  this  office. 
Additionally,  requests  for  proclamations  and  other  special  letters,  i.e.  condolence, 
:^reetings/welcome/congratulatory  letters  for  conventions,  conferences,  church  and 


157 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


business  anniversaries  and  commendation  letters  for  acts  of  bravery  and  heroism,  j 
are  processed  in  this  office.  J 

i 
Education  Policy  Office  \ 

The  Education  Policy  Othce  is  responsible  for  advising  the  Governor  and  ! 
developing  the  Governors  key  policy  mitiatives  on  education  from  the  K-12  level' 
through  higher  education.  The  office  works  with  the  states  public  school,  i 
community  college  and  unix'crsity  systems,  private  colleges  and  universities,  interest 
groups,  nonproht  organizations,  community  and  business  leaders  and  others  to 
develop  the  Governors  education  initiatives.  The  Education  Policy  Office  includes  • 
the  Senior  Education  Advisor  and  Teacher  Advisor.  i 

Office  of  Community  Affairs 

The  Ofhce  of  Community  Aftairs  advises  the  Governor  on  issues  related  to 
minority  citizens  of  North  Carolina  with  an  emphasis  on  policy,  legislation  and 
personnel.  The  office  is  responsible  tor  making  recommendations  to  the  Governor 
to  address  current  issues  of  concern  to  minority  citizens.  They  plan  and  coordinate 
conferences  related  to  the  minority  populations  such  as  conferences  on  race,  the 
African  American  Male  Summit  and  Martin  Luther  King,  Jr.  Obsen-ance  Day 

! 
Legislative  Counsel 

The  Legislative  Counsel  ol  the  Otlice  ot  the  Governor  is  responsible  for; 
establishing  and  maintaining  a  working  relationship  with  members  of  the  General 
Assembly  on  all  legislative  matters  of  importance  to  the  Governor.  The  Legislative 
Counsel  tracks  legislation  as  it  moves  through  the  General  Assembly  and  reports, 

on  Its  progress  to  the  Governor.  \ 

I 

Intergovernmental  Affairs  \ 

This  ofhce  is  responsible  for  coordinating  state-federal  issues  and  state-local 
issues  of  the  importance  to  North  Carolina.  It  ser\'es  as  the  point  of  contact  and 
provides  staff  support  for  the  states  participation  in  national  and  regional 
organizations  such  as  the  National  Governors'  Association,  the  Southern  Governors'; 
Association,  Southern  Growth  Policies  Board,  Council  of  State  Governments, 
Appalachian  Regional  Commission  and  many  others.  On  state-local  issues,  thei 
unit  is  the  liaison  with  the  local  government  interests  m  the  state.  Staff  works  with 
the  N.C.  Association  of  County  Commissioners,  N.C.  League  of  Municipalities.: 
councils  of  government,  as  well  as  individual  local  officials. 

Eastern  Office  I 

Located  m  New  Bern,  this  ofhce  serves  as  a  regional  extension  of  the  Governors 
Raleigh  office.  The  eastern  office  links  local  governments,  the  private  sector  anq 
citizens  of  33  eastern  North  Carolina  counties.  The  office  serves  as  a  resource  foil 


158 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 


citizens,  works  with  public  and  private  groups  to  assist  them,  carries  out  the 
Governors  poHcies  and  addresses  the  needs  of  citizens  in  eastern  North  CaroUna. 
The  staff  also  represents  the  Governor  at  forums,  civic  and  business  events. 

Western  Office 

Established  in  1977,  the  Western  Office  serves  as  a  direct  link  between  the 
Governor  and  western  North  Carolina  residents.  The  office,  located  m  Asheville, 
iserves  27  western  counties,  working  with  local  governments  and  the  private  sector 
!to  respond  to  the  needs  of  the  regions  citizens.  This  office  also  works  with  legislators 
[representing  the  region  to  promote  programs  and  funding  to  boost  western  North 
[Carolina.  The  staff  of  the  Western  Office  represents  the  Governor  on  councils  and 
[boards,  as  well  as  at  public  forums  and  civic  and  business  events.  Day-to-day 
(management  and  supervision  of  the  use  of  the  Governors  western  residence  is  a 
■  major  responsibility  of  this  office.  The  residence  is  available  to  non-profit,  civic, 
!state,  local  and  federal  agencies  for  meetings,  retreats  and  other  gatherings. 

Washington,  D.C.  Office 

The  North  Carolina  Washington  Office  serves  as  a  liaison  for  the  Governor, 
i North  Carolinas  congressional  delegation,  federal  agencies  and  the  White  House. 
iThe  staff  monitors  and  evaluates  the  impact  of  federal  legislative  initiatives  proposed 
iby  the  administration  and  advocates  for  the  interests  of  the  stale.  The  Washington 
[Office  also  responds  directly  to  constituent  requests  for  information. 


For  further  information  about  the  Office  of  the  Governor,  call  (919)  733-5811 
or  visit  the  Web  site  for  the  Office  of  the  Governor  at  v^rww.governor.state.nc.us. 


Michael  F.Easley 

Go\emor 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Nash  County,  N.C.  on  March  23,  1950,  to 
SHuldah  and  Alex  Easley 

EducationalBackgroimjd 

.[University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  B.A.  in 
jPolitical  Science  1972;  North  Carolina  Central 
|University,  Juris  Doctor,  1976. 

Pro/essionalBackground 

Governor  of  North  Carolina,  2001 -Present;  North 
Carolina  Attorney  General,   1992-2001;  District 


159 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Attorney  for  the  1 3lh  Judicial  District  in  Brunswick,  Bladen,  and  Columbus  counties, 
1982-1990. 

Honoj^andAwarxis 

North  Carolina  Coastal  Federation  Pelicann  Award,  2004;  Coca  Cola  600  Eagle 
Award  for  Outstanding  Contributions  to  Auto  Racing,  2003;  Goody s  Headache 
Powder  "Crash  ol  the  Week''  Awards,  2003;  National  Commission  Against  Drunk 
Driving  State  Award,  2003;  Federal  Highway  Administrations  Environmental 
Excellence  Award,  2003. 

P&'sonallnfoiiiiation 

Gov.  Easley  is  an  avid  hunter  and  sailor  and  an  accomplished  woodworker.  He  and 
his  wife  Mary  have  one  child,  Michael,  Jr.,  age  19. 

Legislative  Initiatives 

Since  taking  ofhce  m  February  2001,  Gov.  Easley  has  kept  North  Carolina  on  a 
progressive  and  competitive  course  by  improving  education  lor  our  children, 
creating  good  jobs  for  w^^rkmg  families,  caring  for  our  elderly,  and  cleaning  up  the 
environment.  His  policy  initiatives  have  included: 

Puttuig  Education  Fh^ 

Less  than  one  year  after  Mike  Easley  was  elected  Governor,  he  signed  into  law  a 
budget  that  made  signihcant  investments  and  progress  m  education.  More  than  80 
percent  of  his  budget  was  earmarked  tor  education  improvements,  including  a  pre- 
kindergarten  program  for  at-risk  tour-year-olds  called  More  at  Four,  a  class-size 
reduction  plan,  and  teacher  recruitment  and  retention  initiatives.  Easleys  budget 
also  included  incentives  designed  to  keep  and  attract  the  best  teachers  for  North 
Carolina's  children. 

Economic  Pixisperity 

Gov.  Easley's  commitment  to  an  economically  progressive  North  Carolina  is 
profound.  His  vision  of  "One  North  Carolina"  where  every  community  has  the 
opportunity  for  success  is  c(uickly  becoming  a  reality.  Through  the  use  of  targeted 
incentives  like  the  One  North  Carolina  kind  and  the  Job  Development  Investment' 
Grant  QDIG)  program,  Go\'.  Easley  has  secured  thousands  ot  jobs  and  millions  m 
investment  for  North  Carolina  families.  Through  July,  2004,  North  Carolina  was' 
in  the  top  five  states  m  the  country  in  job  growth. 

Better  Health  Caiv  for  Children  and  Families 

In  December  2001,  Easley  established  the  state's  Prescription  Drug  Plan  to  help' 
seniors  cope  with  the  high  cost  ot  prescription  drugs.  A  priority  of  Easley's,  the 
plan  includes  a  drug  beneht  that  covers  90%  of  the  cost  tor  most  prescription  drugs, 
and  msulm.  It  increases  the  upper  income  threshold  Irom  $18,620  to  $23,275  for 
individuals  and  $24,980  to  $31,223  tor  married  couples. 


160 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Cleaning  Up  the  Environment 

Gov.  Easley  is  committed  to  putting  m  place  and  enforcing  the  programs  that  are 
Essential  to  restoring  and  protecting  the  natural  heritage  of  the  state  and  the  health 
bf  its  citizens.  In  2003,  Easley  created  the  Ecosystem  Enhancement  Program  to  help 
jmaintainn  and  upgrade  our  states  transportation  infrastructure  while  still  protecting 

'North  Carolina's  outstanding  natural  resources. 

j' 

Governors  of  North  Carolina 


Governors  of  "Virginia"' 

\d)nc 

Term 

Ralph  Lane' 

1585-1586 

John  White^ 

1587 

Proprietary  Chief  Executives 

Slame 

Term 

'Samuel  Stephens)^ 

1622-1664 

vVilliam  Drummond"* 

1665-1667 

Samuel  Stephens' 

1667-1670 

r'eter  Carteret'' 

1670-1671 

Peter  Carteret^ 

1671-1672 

!ohn  Jenkins^ 

1672-1675 

;thomas  Eastchurch'^ 

1675-1676 

i  Speaker- Assembly] "" 

1676 

,'ohn  Jenkins" 

1676-1677 

Thomas  Eastchurch'^ 

1677 

Thomas  Miller'^ 

1677 

Rebel  Council]'"^ 

1677-1679 

5eth  SothelP' 

1678 

John  Harvey'^ 

1679 

jOhn  Jenkins'' 

1679-1681 

fienry  Wilkinson"^ 

1682 

oeth  SothelP^ 
John  Archdale^° 

1682-1689 

1683-1686 

John  Gibbs^' 

1689-1690 

ij^hilhp  LudwelF^ 

1690-1691 

•Thomas  Jarvis'^ 

1690-1694 

^hilhp  LudwelP^ 
JThomas  tiarvey^^ 

1693-1695 

1694-1699 

iohn  Archdale^^ 

1695 

iohn  Archdale^^ 

1697 

161 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 

Proprietary  Chief  Executives  (continued) 

Name  Term 

Henderson  Walker-'"  1699-1703 

Robert  DanieP'  1703-1705 

Thomas  Cary'^'  1705-1706 

William  Glover^'  1706-1707 

Thomas  Gary'-  1707 

William  Glover^^'  1707-1708 

Thomas  Gary^''  1709-1710 

Edward  Hyde '^^  1711-1712 

Edward  Hyde^'  1712 

Thomas  Pollock^^  1712-1714 

Gharles  Eden^^'  1714-1722 

Thomas  Pollock^^'  1722 

William  Reed^'  1722-1724 

Edward  Moseley^'  1724 

George  Burrington'*^  1724-1725 

Sir  Richard  Everard"*"^  1725-1731 

Royal  Chief  Executives'^ 

Name  Term 

George  Burrmgton^'^  1731-1734 

Nadianiel  Rice^'  17  34 

Gabriel  Johnston^^"  1734-1752 

Nathaniel  Rice^^'  1752-1753 

Matthew  Rowan"^'  1753-1754 

Arthur  Dobbs^'  1754-1765 

James  HaselP-  1763 

William  Tryon'^  1765 

William  Tryon'-^  1765-1771 

James  Haselk'  1771 

Josiah  Martm'^^  1771-1775 

James  HaselP^  1774 

Elected  by  the  General  Assembly^ 

Name  Residenee  Term 

Richard  CaswelP"  Dobbs  1776-1777 

Richard  Caswell  Dobbs  1777-1778 

Richard  Caswell  Dobbs  1778-1779 

Richard  Caswell  Dobbs  1779-1780 


162 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    fi 

kND    THE    EXECUTIVE 

BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Abner  Nash^° 

Craven 

1780-1781 

Thomas  Burke^' 

Orange 

1781-1782 

Alexander  Martin^^ 

Guilford 

1781-1782 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1782-1783 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1783-1784 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1784-1785 

Richard  Caswell 

Dobbs 

1785-1786 

Richard  Caswell 

Dobbs 

1787-1788 

Samuel  Johnston 

Chowan 

1788-1789 

Samuel  Johnston^^ 

Chowan 

1789 

Alexander  Martin""* 

Guilford 

1789-1790 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1790-1792 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1792 

Richard  Dobbs  Spaight 

Craven 

1792-1793 

Richard  Dobbs  Spaight 

Craven 

1793-1795 

Richard  Dobbs  Spaight 

Craven 

1795 

Samuel  Ashe 

New  Hanover 

1795-1796 

Samuel  Ashe 

New  Hanover 

1796-1797 

Samuel  Ashe 

New  Hanover 

1797-1798 

William  R.  Davie^5 

Halifax 

1798-1799 

Benjamin  Williams 

Moore 

1799-1800 

.Benjamin  WiUiams 

Moore 

1800-1801 

;  Benjamin  Williams 

Moore 

1801-1802 

jjohn  Baptiste  Ashe^" 

Halifax 

1802 

'James  Turner"^ 

Warren 

1802-1803 

James  Turner 

Warren 

1803-1804 

James  Turner'''^ 

Warren 

1804-1805 

Nathaniel  Alexander 

Mecklenburg 

1805-1806 

Nathaniel  Alexander 

Mecklenburg 

1806-1807 

Benjamin  Williams 

Moore 

1807-1808 

David  Stone 

Bertie 

1808-1809 

David  Stone 

Bertie 

1809-1810 

Benjamin  Smith 

Brunswick 

1810-1811 

:  William  Hawkins 

Warren 

1811-1812 

William  Hawkins 

Warren 

1812-1813 

^WiUiam  Hawkins 

Warren 

1813-1814 

]  William  Miller 

Warren 

1814-1815 

!  William  Miller 

Warren 

1815-1816 

!  William  Miller 

r 

Warren 

1816-1817 

John  Branch 

Ha  U  fax 

1817-1818 

John  Branch 

HaUfax 

1818-1819 

Ijohn  Branch 

Halifax 

1819-1820 

163 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Elected  hy  the  General  Assembly''*  (continued) 

Name 

Jesse  Franklin 
Gabriel  Holmes 
Gabriel  Holmes 
Gabriel  Holmes 
HiUehings  G.  Burton 
Hutchings  G.  Burton 
Hutehmgs  G.  Burton 
James  Iredell,  Jr.^" 
John  Owen 
John  Owen 
Montford  Stokes''^ 
Montford  Stokes 
David  L.  Swam 
Da\'id  L.  Swam 
David  L.  Swain 
Richard  D,  Spaight,  Jr. 

Popular  Election:  Two- 
Name 

Edward  B.  Dudley 
Edward  B,  Dudley 
John  M.  Morehead 
John  M.  Morehead 
William  A.  Graham 
William  A.  Graham 
Charles  Manly 
David  S.  Reid- 
David  S.  Reid^' 
Warren  Winslow'^"* 
Thomas  Bragg 
Thomas  Bragg 
John  W  Ellis 
John  W  Ellis'' 
Henry  T.  Clark''' 
Zebulon  B.  Vance 
Zebulon  B.  Vance 
William  W  Holden' ' 
Jonathan  Worth 
Jonathan  Worth 


Residence 

Term 

Surrv 

J 

1820-1821 

Sampson 

1821-1822 

Sampson 

1822-1823 

Sampson 

1823-1824 

Halifax 

1824-1825 

Halifax 

1825-1826 

Halifax 

1826-1827 

Chowan 

1827-1828 

Bladen 

1828-1829 

Bladen 

1829-1830 

Wilkes 

1830-1831 

Wilkes 

1831-1832 

Buncombe 

1832-1833 

Buncombe 

1833-1834 

Buncombe 

1834-1835 

Craven 

1835-1836 

ear  Tenrts'' 

Residence 

Ter;?i 

New  Hanover 

1836-1838 

New  Hanover 

1838-1841 

Guilford 

1841-1842 

Guilford 

1842-1845 

Orange 

1845-1847 

Orange 

1847-1849 

Wake 

1849-1851 

Rockingham 

1851-1852 

Rockingham 

1852-1854 

Cumberland 

1854-1855 

Northampton 

1855-1857 

Northampton 

1857-1859 

Rowan 

1859-1861 

Rowan 

1861 

Edgecombe 

1861-1862 

Buncombe 

1862-1864 

Buncombe 

1864-1865 

Wake 

1865 

Randolph 

1865-1866 

Randolph 

1866-1868 

164 


Popular  Election:  Four-Year 

Name 

William  W.  Holden^'' 
Tod  R.  CaldwelP^' 
Tod  R.  CaldwelF' 
Curtis  H.  Brogden 
Zebulon  B.  Vance^^ 
Thomas  J.  Jarvis*'^ 
.Thomas  J.  Jarvis 
James  L.  Robmson*^"^ 
.Alfred  M.  Scales 
'Daniel  G.  Fowle*^^ 
^Thomas  M.  Holt 
Elias  Carr 
Darnel  L.  Russell 
i  Charles  B.  Aycock 
'Robert  B.  Glenn 
'William  W.  Kitchm 
Locke  Craig 
'Thomas  W.  Bickett 
i  Cameron  Morrison 
'Angus  W.  McLean 
"Oliver  Max  Gardner 
•John  C.  B.  Ehringhaus 
;  Clyde  R.  Hoey 
John  Melville  Broughton 
'Robert  Gregg  Cherry 
jWilliam  Kerr  Scott 
I  William  B.  Umstead*^^ 
|Luther  H.  Hodges 
Luther  H.  Hodges 
ijTerry  Sanford 
(Daniel  K.  Moore 
;' Robert  W  Scott 
ijames  E.  Holshouser,  Jr 
ijjames  B.  Hunt,  Jr. 

ijames  B.  Hunt,  Ir.^^ 

Y  -' 

Tames  G.  Martin^^ 
James  G.  Martin 
James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.'^^ 
I  Michael  E  Easley 

i 

i 

y 


87 


D    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRi 

(\NCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Terms^^ 

Residence 

Term 

Wake 

1868-1870 

Burke 

1870-1873 

Burke 

1873-1874 

Wayne 

1874-1877 

Buncombe 

1877-1879 

Pitt 

1879-1881 

Pitt 

1881-1885 

Macon 

1883 

Rockingham 

1885-1889 

Wake 

1889-1891 

Alamance 

1891-1893 

Edgecombe 

1893-1897 

Brunswick 

1897-1901 

Wayne 

1901-1905 

Forsyth 

1905-1909 

Person 

1909-1913 

Buncombe 

1913-1917 

Franklin 

1917-1921 

Mecklenburg 

1921-1925 

Robeson 

1925-1929 

Cleveland 

1929-1933 

Pasquotank 

1933-1937 

Cleveland 

1937-1941 

Wake 

1941-1945 

Gaston 

1945-1949 

Alamance 

1949-1953 

Durham 

1953-1954 

Rockingham 

1954-1957 

Rockingham 

1957-1961 

Cumberland 

1961-1965 

Jackson 

1965-1969 

Alamance 

1969-1973 

Watauga 

1973-1977 

Wilson 

1977-1981 

Wilson 

1981-1985 

Iredell 

1985-1989 

Iredell 

1989-1993 

Wilson 

1993-2001 

Brunswick 

2001 -Present 

165 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Governors  of  "Virginia" 

'  Lane  was  appoinied  by  Sir  Waller  Raleigh  and  left  Plymouth,  England  on  April 
9,  1585.  His  expedition  reached  the  New  World  in  July.  A  colony,  however,  was 
not  established  until  August.  j 

^    White  was  appointed  by  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  and  departed  from  Portsmouth, 
England  on  April  26,  1587.  The  expedition  made  stops  at  the  Isle  of  Wight  and  \ 
Pl)TTiouth  betore  setting  sail  for  "Virginia"  on  May  5.  They  reached  the  area  to  be  I 
settled  on  July  22,  but  Governor  White  wanted  to  make  some  preliminary  ' 
explorations  before  allowing  the  remainder  of  his  party  to  go  ashore.  Three  days  ' 
later  the  colonists  left  the  ships.  Food  shortages  and  the  absence  of  other  needed  ; 
supplies  forced  White  to  leave  for  England  on  August  27,  1587.  Delayed  m  } 
England  because  of  war  with  Spam,  White  did  not  return  to  North  Carolina  until  i 
1590.  Leaving  England  on  March  20,  he  arrived  in  August,  but  found  no  evidence 
of  life.  On  a  nearby  tree  he  found  the  letters  "C.R.O."  and  on  another  "CROATAN." 
White  never  did  hnd  his  missing  colony  and  the  mystery  ot  the  "Lost  Colony" 
remains  unsolved.  I 

Proprietary  Chief  Executives 

^  Stephens  was  appointed  "commander  of  the  southern  plantations"  by  the  council , 
in  Virginia.  The  geographical  location  of  the  "southern  plantations"  was  the 
Albemarle  Sound  region  of  northeastern  North  Carolina  where  "overflow"  settlers 
from  Virginia  lived.  William  S.  Powell  has  suggested  that  Stephens"  "presence  m 
Carolina  removed  any  urgency  for  a  prompt  appointment"  ot  a  governor  for 
Carolina  when  Berkeley  was  instructed  to  do  so  by  the  Lords  Proprietor  and 
explains  why  Drummond  was  not  appoinied  until  1664. 

^  Drummond  was  appointed  by  William  Berkeley,  Governor  of  Virginia,  at  the  ' 
request  of  Berkeley s  fellow  Lords  Proprietor  m  England.  He  began  serving  prior 
to  the  delivery  of  his  commission  by  Peter  Carteret  m  February,  1665.  Since 
other  commissions  issued  to  Carteret  bear  the  date  December,  3,  1664,  it  isi 
possible  that  Drummonds  commission  was  also  issued  on  that  date.  Records' 
show  that  he  was  still  governor  m  December,  1666,  and  that  a  successor  was  noti 
appointed  until  October,  1667.  He  supposedly  moved  to  Virginia  sometime  during; 
1667.  I 

''  The  Lords  Proprietor  appointed  Stephens  to  replace  Drummond.  Stephens  began ^ 
serving  prior  to  the  delivery  of  his  commission  m  April,  1668.  He  died  while  j 
still  in  office  sometime  before  March  7,  1670. 

^  Carteret  had  been  commissioned  lieutenant  governor  by  the  Lords  Proprietor  onj 
December  3,  1664,  and  was  chosen  president  by  the  North  Carolina  Council' 
upon  the  death  of  Stephens.  He  was  later  appointed  governor  by  the  Lords 
Proprietor.  He  left  the  colony  for  England  sometime  after  May  10,  1672.  ! 


166 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

''    See  footnote  6. 

^  Carteret  commissioned  Jenkins  to  act  as  deputy  governor  when  he  left  the  colony. 
Carterets  legal  authority  to  make  this  appointment  rested  in  commissions  issued 
by  the  Lords  Proprietor  in  October,  1670,  but  expired  "at  the  end  of  four  years" 
according  to  provisions  in  the  Fundamental  Constitutions.  Carteret  had  not 
returned  to  the  colony  when  his  commission  to  Jenkins  officially  expired.  Jenkins, 
however,  continued  to  serve.  When  the  General  Assembly  met  following  elections 
in  September,  1675,  opposition  had  formed  against  Jenkins  and  he  was 
imprisoned  on  charges  of  "several  misdemeanors". 

^  Eastchurch  was  elected  speaker  of  the  assembly  and  assumed  the  role  of  governor 
following  the  imprisonment  of  Jenkins.  He  seems  to  have  remained  in  this 
position  until  the  spring  of  1676  when  he  departed  the  colony  for  England. 

!^°  Eastchurch  "apparently  left  someone  else  as  speaker,  for  the  assembly  remained 
I  in  session".  Jenkins,  however,  was  forcibly  liberated  from  prison  by  friends  "at 
some  date  before  late  March,  1676."  He  exercised  enough  control  to  hold  a  court 
and,  for  a  period  prior  to  the  departure  of  Eastchurch  for  England,  both  he  and 
Jenkins  exercised  control  over  the  province.  In  October,  1676,  Jenkins,  backed 
by  an  armed  force,  dissolved  the  assembly  and  resumed  the  role  of  governor. 

^^  See  footnote  10. 

^^  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Eastchurch  as  governor.  Upon  his  return  to 

the  colony,  he  stopped  at  Nevis  in  the  West  Indies  and  sought  the  attention  of  a 

■     wealthy  lady.  Deciding  to  remain  in  Nevis  for  a  while,  he  appointed  Thomas 

\     Miller  deputy  governor  until  his  return.  Eastchurch  never  returned  to  North 

'.     Carolina,  dying  in  Virginia  while  on  his  way  back  to  the  colony  Because  he  had 

not  officially  quaUfied  as  governor  in  Albemarle,  Eastchurch  had  no  legal  authority 

I     to  appoint  Miller.  When  Miller  reached  Albemarle,  however,  he  was  able  to  secure 

his  position  with  little  initial  trouble.  Millers  aggressive  attempts  to  quiet 

opposition  and  his  general  handling  of  the  government  soon  put  him  in  conflict 

with  the  populace.  This  conflict  erupted  into  the  political  upheaval  known  as 

"Culpepper's  Rebellion." 

^^  See  footnote  12. 

Tradition  is  that  John  Culpepper  was  elected  governor  by  the  assembly  members 
when  they  rebelled  against  Miller.  There  is  no  documentary  evidence  to  substantiate 
claims  that  he  held  any  post  other  than  that  of  customs  collector.  Dr.  Lindley 
Butler  suggests  that  it  is  possible  that  John  Jenkins,  the  last  de  jure  executive  of 
the  colony  acted  as  a  de  facto  government  and  evidence  exists  that  a  "rebel"  council 
meeting  was  held  in  early  1678  at  his  home. 

Sothell  was  appointed  governor  in  1678,  but  was  captured  "by  the  Turkes  and 
carried  into  Argier  (sic).  .  ."  and  did  not  take  office. 


14 


Jn 


y 


167 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


16 


Harvey  s  commission  mstrucled  him  lo  act  as  "President  of  the  Council  and  execute 
the  authority  of  the  government  until  the  arrival  of  Mr.  Sothell".  Other  details  are 
not  known.  He  died  while  still  in  oltice. 

''  Jenkins  was  elected  president  of  the  council  following  the  death  of  Han'ey  and 
died  on  Decemher  17,  1681,  while  still  m  oltice. 

'^"^  Wilkinson  was  appointed  by  the  Lords  Proprietor  but  never  left  England — "he 
was  arrested  and  imprisoned  m  London  while  preparing  to  sail". 

'"  Sothell,  following  his  purchase  of  the  "Earl  of  Clarendons  share  of  Carolina", 
became  go\'ernor  under  a  provision  of  the  Fundamental  Constitution  which 
"provided  that  the  eldest  proprietor  that  shall  be  in  Carolina  shall  be  Go\'ernor  " 
The  date  of  SotheUs  assumption  of  governorship  is  not  known.  Extant  records 
tell  nothing  about  the  government  of  Albemarle  m  the  year  lollowmg  Jenkins' 
death.  It  is  possible  that  Sothell  reached  the  colony  and  took  office  before  Jenkins 
died  or  soon  afterwards.  It  is  also  possible  that  for  a  time  there  was  an  acting 
governor  chosen  by  the  council  or  that  there  may  have  been  a  period  ot  chaos. 
Nothing  IS  known  except  that  Sothell  arrived  m  Albemarle  at  some  time  prior  to 
March  10,  1682,  when  he  held  court  at  Edward  Smithwicks  house  m  Chowan 
Precinct.  Sothell  soon  ran  into  trouble  with  the  people  of  Albemarle  and  at  the 
meeting  of  the  assembly  m  1689,  thirteen  charges  of  misconduct  and  irregularities 
were  brought  against  him.  He  was  banished  from  the  colony  for  12  months  and 
was  prohibited  from  ever  again  holding  public  office  m  Albemarle.  On  December 
5,  1689,  the  Lords  Proprietor  officially  suspended  Sothell  as  governor  because 
he  abused  the  authority  granted  him  as  a  proprietor. 

-'^  Archdale  was  m  the  colony  by  December,  1683,  to  collect  C[Uitrents  and  remained 
m  Albemarle  until  1686.  While  Governor  Sothell  was  absent  from  the  county 
Archdale  served  on  man\'  occasions  as  acting  go\'ernor. 

-'  The  Eundamental  Constitutions  provided  that  the  eldest  proprietor  living  in  the 
colony  would  be  governor  and  that  if  there  were  none,  then  the  eldest  cacique 
was  to  act.  "Gibbs,  a  relative  o{  the  Duke  of  Albemarle,  had  been  made  a  cacique 
of  Carolina  m  October,  1682,  and  had  been  granted  a  manor  in  the  southern 
Carolina  colony  a  few  months  later.  Gibbs  came  to  Albemarle  at  some  date  betore 
November,  1689,  by  which  time  he  was  known  as  governor."  His  claim  to  the 
governorship  seems  to  have  been  recognized  m  the  colony  for  a  time;  an  assembly 
appears  to  have  been  held  while  he  was  governor.'  It  is  probable  that  Albemarle 
inhabitants  recognized  his  claim  until  word  arrived  of  Ludwells  appointment, 
which  was  made  m  December,  1689."  E\'en  after  Ludwell  arrived  m  Albemarle 
Gibbs  continued  to  claim  his  right  to  the  office.  In  July  1690,  both  were  advised 
by  the  Virginia  governor  to  carry  their  dispute  to  the  Proprietor  m  England, 
which  was  apparently  done.  On  November  8,  1691,  the  Proprietor  issued  a 
proclamation  to  the  inhabitants  of  Albemarle  reafiirming  Sothels  suspension  and 


168 


HE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

repudiating  the  claim  of  Gibbs.  They  also  suspended  the  Fundamental 
Constitutions,  which  stripped  Gibbs  of  any  further  legal  basis  for  his  actions. 
(The  actions  of  the  Proprietors  on  November  8,  1691,  did  m  fact  suspend  the 
Fundamental  Constitutions  even  though  formal  announcement  of  their 
suspension  was  not  made  until  May  11,  1693.) 

-  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Ludwell  as  governor  on  December  5,  1689, 
following  the  suspension  of  Sothell.  His  dispute  with  Gibbs  led  to  the  issuance 
of  a  second  commission  on  November  8,  1691.  He  served  as  governor  until  his 
appointment  as  governor  of  all  Carolina. 

^  Jams  acted  as  deputy  governor  while  Ludwell  was  in  Virginia  and  England.  He 
was  offtcially  appointed  deputy  governor  upon  Ludwells  acceptance  of  the 
governorship  of  Carolina  and  served  until  his  death  in  1694. 

^  Ludwell  served  as  acting  governor,  possibly  by  appointment  of  Thomas  Smith, 
governor  of  Carolina.  The  authority  under  which  he  acted  is  not  known.  In 
October,  1694,  it  is  apparent  that  the  Lords  Proprietor  did  not  know  of  his 
position  since  surviving  documents  from  that  time  refer  to  him  as  "our  late 
Governor  of  North  Carolina."  Ludwell  issued  a  proclamation  on  November  28, 
1693,  and  land  grant  records  indicate  that  he  acted  as  chief  executive  intermittently 
throughout  1694  and  as  late  as  May  of  1695.  Records  show  that  he  was  residing 
in  Virginia  by  April,  1695,  and  had  been  elected  to  represent  James  City  County 
in  the  Virginia  Assembly. 

'"  Har\'ey  became  president  of  the  council  upon  the  death  of  Jarvis  in  1694.  He  was 
presiding  over  the  council  on  July  12,  1694,  and  signed  several  surv^ey  warrants 
the  same  day  He  continued  serving  until  his  death  on  July  3,  1699. 

^  Archdale  stopped  m  North  Carolina  for  a  few  weeks  and  acted  as  chief  executive 
on  his  way  to  Charleston  to  assume  office  as  governor  of  Carolina.  He  was  in 
Virginia  en  route  to  Charleston  on  June  11,  12  and  13,  1695,  and  was  in 
Charleston  by  August  17,  1695,  the  date  on  which  he  took  the  oath  of  office  at 
Charleston. 

^  Archdales  authority  to  act  as  governor  rested  with  his  previous  commission, 
which  was  still  valid.  The  problem  of  gubernatorial  succession  at  this  time  is 
due  to  the  death  of  Lord  Craven  and  confusion  over  the  tenure  oi  Lord  Bath. 
Since  no  one  other  than  the  Lord  Palatine  could  commission  a  new  governor, 
there  had  been  no  "regular"  governor  appointed  for  Carolina. 

^  Walker,  as  president  of  the  council,  assumed  the  role  of  chief  executive  shortly 
after  the  death  of  Harvey  and  relinquished  it  upon  the  arrival  of  Robert  Daniel 
sometime  between  June  20,  1703  and  July  29,  1703. 

■  Daniel  was  appointed  deputy  governor  of  Carohna  by  Sir  Nathaniel  Johnson, 
Governor  of  Carolina,  and  was  acting  m  this  capacity  by  July  29,  1703.  Conflicts 


169 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

with  minority  religious  groups,  primarily  the  Quakers,  led  to  his  suspension  m 
March,  1705. 

^^^  Caiy  was  appointed  by  Sir  Nathaniel  Johnson,  Governor  of  Carolina,  to  replace 
Daniel  and  arrived  in  North  Carolina  on  March  21,  1705.  Dissenters  were  pleased 
initially  with  the  appointment,  because  Cary  was  related  by  marriage  to  John 
Archdale,  the  Quaker  proprietor.  This  initial  teelmg  of  goodwill  toward  Cary 
soon  changed.  When  he  arrived  m  North  Carolina,  Cary  found  Anglicans  in 
most  places  of  power  and,  therefore,  cast  his  lot  with  them.  Although  the  law 
requiring  oaths  of  allegiance  was  still  on  the  statute  books,  dissenters  had  assumed 
ihat  Cary  would  not  enforce  it.  When  the  General  Court  met  on  March  27, 
however,  Cary  did  just  that,  the  oath  act  being  publicly  read  and  put  into  execution. 
At  the  General  Assembly  meeting  m  November,  1705,  Quaker  members  were 
again  required  to  take  oaths.  They  refused  and  were  subsequently  excluded  trom 
the  legislature.  Cary  and  his  Anglican  allies  then  passed  a  law  voiding  the  election 
of  anyone  found  guilty  of  promoting  his  own  candidacy.  This  loosely-ciehned 
bill  gave  the  majority  faction  m  the  lower  house  the  power  to  exclude  any 
undesirable  member  and  was  designed  to  be  used  against  troublesome  non- 
Quakers. 

Carys  actions  spurred  dissenter  leaders  and  some  disgruntled  Anglicans  to  send 
a  representative  to  England  to  plead  for  relief.  In  October,  1706,  their  chosen 
spokesman,  John  Porter,  left  Albemarle  for  London.  Surviving  records  make  it 
clear  that  Porter  was  not  a  Quaker  and,  m  fact,  may  have  been  an  Anglican. 
Although  he  did  not  take  the  oaths  of  ofhce  with  his  fellow  justices  at  the  October/ 
November,  1705,  session  of  the  General  Court,  he  had  taken  them  in  March, 
1705.  In  England,  Porter  received  the  support  of  John  Archdale,  who  persuaded 
the  Lords  Proprietor  to  issue  orders  to  Porter  suspending  Sir  Nathaniel  Johnsons 
authority  over  North  Carolina,  removing  Cary  as  deputy  governor,  naming  ftve 
new  councilors  and  authorizing  the  council  to  elect  a  chief  executive. 

Returning  to  Albemarle  m  October,  1707,  Porter  found  William  Glover  and  the 
council  presiding  over  the  government  because  Cary  had  lett  tor  a  visit  to  South 
Carolina.  This  arrangement  appeared  satisfactory  to  Porter,  who  called  the  new 
lords  deputies  together  and  nominated  Glover  as  president  ol  the  council.  Glover 
was  elected,  but  the  vote  was  illegal  since  Porters  instructions  required  that  Cary 
and  the  former  councillors  be  present  for  the  voting.  Porter  knew  exactly  what  he 
was  doing,  however,  and  later  used  the  illegality  of  the  election  to  force  Glover 
out  of  ofhce. 

On  November  3,  1707,  Glover  convened  the  general  assembly  at  John  Hccklfields 
house  at  Little  River.  Joining  him  m  the  upper  house  as  lords  deputies  were 
Porter,  Foster,  Newby  Hawkins  and  Thomas  Caiy,  recently  returned  from  South 
Carolina.  After  requesting  that  the  lower  house  send  its  list  ol  members  to  him, 
the  president  proposed  dissolution  of  the  assembly  without  further  business. 

170 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Gary  objected,  but  the  following  day  Glover  and  the  rest  of  the  council  dissolved 
the  General  Assembly.  Although  he  had  been  required  to  convene  the  assembly 
m  compliance  with  the  biennial  act  which  specified  that  a  legislative  session  be 
held  every  two  years,  Glover  apparently  did  not  want  Gary  to  use  the  gathering  as 
a  forum. 

At  some  point  between  the  close  of  the  assembly  in  November,  1707,  and  the 
summer  of  1708,  Glover  turned  on  the  dissenters.  Apparently,  he  decided  to 
revive  the  oath  of  ofhce  and  force  the  Quaker  councillors  to  take  it.  Seeing  the 
turn  of  events,  Gary  moved  to  join  Porter  and  the  dissenters  in  the  hope  of 
regaining  the  chief  executives  office.  After  receiving  assurances  of  toleration  from 
Gary  Porter  moved  decisively.  Late  m  the  summer  of  1708,  he  called  together 
both  Gary's  old  councillors  and  the  new  ones,  as  he  was  originally  supposed  to 
have  done  in  October,  1707,  and  announced  that  Glovers  election  as  president 
had  been  illegal.  Glover,  joined  by  Thomas  Pollock,  protested  vigorously  and 
armed  violence  broke  out  between  the  two  factions.  Soon,  though,  both  sides 
agreed  to  let  the  General  Assembly  determine  the  validity  of  their  rival  claims. 
Gar}'  and  Glover  each  issued  separate  writs  of  election  to  every  precinct  which 
then  proceeded  to  elect  two  sets  of  burgesses  -  one  pledged  to  Gary  and  one  to 
Glover.  Gary  men  predominated  in  Bath  Gounty  and  Pasquotank  and  Perquimans 
precincts.  Glover  men  controlled  Gurrituck  precinct,  and  Chowan  was  almost 
evenly  divided.  In  the  critical  maneuvering  for  control  of  the  assembly  which 
met  October  11,  1708,  Gary  forces  scored  an  early,  ultimately  decisive  victory. 
Edward  Moseley,  an  Anglican  vestryman,  was  chosen  speaker  of  the  house.  Despite 
his  religious  afhhation,  he  was  a  Gary  supporter.  Through  Moseley's  careful 
management,  Gaiy  delegates  were  seated  from  every  precinct  except  Gurrituck. 
When  news  of  the  Gary  victory  in  the  lower  house  reached  Glover,  he  departed 
for  Virginia.  There  is  evidence  that  Glover  continued  to  act  in  the  capacity  of 
president  of  a  council  during  1709  and  1710.  Land  grant  records  indicate  several 
grants  throughout  each  year  bear  his  name  and  the  names  of  his  councillors.  The 
general  assembly  nullihed  the  test  oaths  and  the  council  ofhcially  elected  Gary 
president. 

The  Lords  Proprietor  were  slow  to  intervene  to  stop  the  pohtical  turmoil  in 
North  Garolina.  In  December,  1708,  they  appointed  Edward  Tynte  to  be  governor 
of  Garolina  and  instructed  him  to  make  Edward  Hyde  deputy  governor  of  North 
Garolina.  Arriving  in  the  colony  early  m  1711,  Hyde  had  no  legal  claim  on  the 
deputy  governorship  because  Tynte  had  died  before  commissioning  him.  He 
was,  however,  warmly  received  in  Albemarle  and  his  position  as  a  distant  kinsman 
of  the  queen  so  impressed  the  council  that  it  elected  Hyde  to  the  presidency  He 
called  a  general  assembly  for  March,  1711,  where  he  recommended  harsh 
legislation  against  dissenters  and  the  arrest  of  Gary  and  Porter.  From  his  home  in 


171 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Bath,  Gary  rallied  his  supporters  to  resist  and  the  armed  conflict  known  as  the 
Gary  Rebellion  began. 

^'  See  footnote  30. 

^^  See  footnote  30. 

"  See  footnote  30. 

^■^  See  footnote  30. 

"  See  footnote  30. 

^"  Edward  Hyde  ser\Td  first  as  president  of  the  council  and  later  as  governor  by 
commission  from  the  Lords  Proprietor.  When  Gary  challenged  his  authority, 
armed  conflict  erupted  between  the  two.  Garys  Rebellion  ended  with  the  arrest 
of  Gary.  He  was  later  released  for  lack  of  evidence.  Hyde  continued  as  governor 
until  his  death  on  September  8,  1712. 

^'^  See  footnote  36. 

^^  Pollock,  as  president  of  the  council,  became  governor  following  the  death  of 
Hyde  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  the  arrival  of  Gharles  Eden. 

^^  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Eden  and  he  ser\'ed  until  his  death  on  March 
22,  1722. 

"^'-^  Pollock,  as  president  of  the  council,  became  chief  executive  after  Edens  death 
and  served  until  his  own  death  m  September,  1722. 

"*'  Reed  was  elected  president  of  the  council  to  replace  Pollock  and  as  such  sen-ed 
until  the  arrival  of  George  Burnngton. 

"^-^  Moseley,  as  president  of  the  council,  was  sworn  in  as  acting  governor  when 
Burrington  left  the  colony  to  travel  to  South  Garolina.  By  November  7,  1724 
Burnngton  had  returned  to  North  Garolma. 

■^^  Burrington  was  commissioned  governor  of  North  Garolina  by  the  Lords 
Proprietor  and  served  until  he  was  removed  from  office.  Why  he  was  removed  is 
not  officially  known. 

"*■*  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Everard  following  Burringtons  removal  from 
office.  Burrington,  however,  continued  to  create  problems  for  Everard  afier  he 
had  taken  office.  Everard  remained  governor  during  the  period  ot  transition  when 
North  Garolina  became  a  royal  colony. 

Royal  Chief  Executives 

"*'  In  1729,  the  Lords  Proprietor  gave  up  ownership  of  North  Garolina  and  with  it 
the  right  to  appoint  governors  and  other  officials. 

"*"  Burrington  was  the  first  governor  commissioned  by  the  crown,  and  the  only 
man  to  be  appointed  by  both  the  Lords  Proprietor  and  the  crown.  He  qualified 


172 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

before  the  council  in  1 73 1 .  His  political  enemies  succeeded  in  securing  his  removal 
from  office  in  1734. 

'*''  Rice  served  as  chief  executive  while  Burrington  v^as  out  of  the  colony. 

'^^  Johnston  was  commissioned  by  the  crown  and  served  as  governor  until  his 
death  on  July  17,  1752. 

"*"  Rice,  as  president  of  the  council,  became  chief  executive  following  the  death  of 
Johnston.  Johnston  was  considerably  advanced  in  age  when  he  assumed  office 
and  soon  died. 

^°  Rowan  was  elected  president  following  the  death  of  Rice  and  served  as  chief 
executive  until  the  arrival  of  Dobbs. 

^^  Dobbs  was  commissioned  by  the  crown  and  arrived  in  North  Carolina  in  late 
October,  1754.  He  qualified  before  the  chief  justice  and  three  members  of  the 
council  who  had  met  him  in  Bath.  He  continued  serving  until  his  death  in  March, 
1765. 

^^  Hassel  served  as  chief  executive  during  the  absence  of  Dobbs  from  the  colony. 
Dobbs  had  returned  by  December  19,  1763. 

"  Tryon,  who  had  been  commissioned  lieutenant  governor  under  Dobbs,  served 
as  chief  executive,  first  under  his  commission  as  lieutenant  governor  and  then 
under  a  new  commission  as  governor.  He  served  in  this  capacity  until  1771 
when  he  was  appointed  governor  to  New  York. 

^"^  See  footnote  53. 

"  James  Hasell,  president  of  the  council,  acted  as  interim  governor  until  the  arrival 
of  Josiah  Martin. 

^^  Josiah  Martin  was  appointed  by  the  crown  and  served  as  the  last  royal  governor 
of  North  CaroHna.  The  date  of  his  actual  relinquishing  of  authority  has  been  one 
of  controversy  among  historians.  Some  cite  the  day  he  left  North  Carolina  soil  as 
July  1775.  Others  accept  July  4,  1776.  Martin  considered  himself  to  be  governor 
throughout  the  Revolution  since  his  commission  had  not  been  rescinded. 

"  Hasell,  as  president  of  the  council,  acted  as  temporary  governor  during  the  absence 
of  Martin  who  had  left  the  colony  for  New  York  for  reasons  of  health. 

Governors  Elected  by  the  General  Assembly 

^^  The  Constitution  of  1776  provided  that  the  General  Assembly  "elect  a  governor 

for  one  year,  who  shall  not  be  eligible  to  that  office  longer  than  three  years,  in  six 

successive  years." 
5^  The  Provincial  Congress  appointed  Caswell  to  act  "until  [the]  next  General 

Assembly"  The  General  Assembly  later  elected  him  to  one  regular  term  and  two 

additional  terms. 


173 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

*'^'  The  House  and  Senate  Journals  for  1780  are  missing.  Loose  papers  found  in  the 
North  Carolina  state  archives,  however,  provided  the  necessary  information.  Nash 
requested  that  his  name  be  withdrawn  from  nomination  in  1781. 

"'  On  September  12.  1781,  Burke  and  several  other  state  officials  and  continental 
officers  were  captured  by  the  British.  Burke  was  sent  to  Sullivans  Island  near 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  later  transferred  to  James  Island.  After  several 
attempts,  he  was  able  to  obtain  a  parole  to  return  to  North  Carolina  m  late  January, 
1782.  General  Alexander  Leslie,  who  issued  the  parole,  later  changed  his  mind 
and  wrote  General  Nathaniel  Greene  requesting  the  immediate  return  of  Burke. 
Feeling  that  it  was  more  important  for  him  to  remain  m  North  Carolina,  Burke 
refused  to  comply  with  the  request  despite  urging  from  several  men  ot  importance 
who  questioned  the  legality  as  well  as  the  prudence,  of  his  actions.  Subsequent 
adversity  prompted  Burke  to  have  his  name  withdrawn  from  the  list  ot  nominees 
for  governor  in  1782.  He  retired  from  public  life  to  his  home  near  Hillsborough 
where  he  died  the  following  year. 

"-  Martin,  as  Speaker  of  the  Senate,  was  qualified  as  acting  governor  upon  receiving 
news  of  Burke's  capture.  He  served  m  this  capacity  until  Burke  returned  to  North 
Carolina  m  late  January,  1782. 

^^  On  November  26,  1789  Johnston  was  elected  United  States  Senator  after  having 
already  qualihed  as  governor.  A  new  election  was  held  on  December  5,  and 
Alexander  Martin  was  elected  to  replace  him. 

*""*  See  footnote  63. 

Davie  served  only  one  term  as  governor  due  to  his  appointment  in  1799  by 
President  Adams  to  a  special  diplomatic  mission  to  France.  Crabtree,  North 
Carolina  Governors,  57. 

Ashe  died  before  he  could  qualify  and  Turner  was  elected  to  replace  him. 
''''  See  footnote  66. 

•""^  Turner  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  on  November  21,  1805,  to  fill  a 
vacancy  created  by  the  resignation  ot  Montford  Stokes. 

"^  Iredell  resigned  on  December  1,  1828,  following  his  election  to  the  United  States 
Senate  to  fill  the  seat  vacated  by  the  resignation  of  Nathaniel  Macon. 

'"^  Stokes  was  appointed  by  President  Jackson  m  1832  as  "chairman  of  the  Federal 
Indian  Commission  to  supervise  the  settlement  of  southern  Indians  west  of  the 
Mississippi." 


h5 


(if-i 


174 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Popularly-Elected  Governors:  Two-Year  Term 

^^  The  Constitutional  Convention  of  1835  approved  an  amendment  to  the 
constitution  providing  for  the  popular  election  of  governor.  The  terms  of  office 
for  governor  was  lengthened  to  two  years.  He  could  only  serve  two  terms  in  a 
six-  year  period. 

^^  Manly  was  defeated  for  re-election  by  Reid  in  1850. 

^^  On  November  24,  1854,  the  General  Assembly  elected  Reid  to  complete  the 
unexpired  term  of  Willie  P.  Mangum  in  the  United  States  Senate. 

'''*  Winslow,  as  Speaker  of  the  House,  qualified  as  governor  following  the  resignation 
of  Reid. 

^5  Ellis  died  on  July  7,  1861. 

''^  Clark,  as  Speaker  of  the  Senate,  became  governor  following  the  death  of  Ellis. 

"  Major  General  Daniel  E.  Sickles,  commander  of  the  Second  Military  District, 
appointed  Holden  as  provisional  governor  on  May  9,  1865.  Worth  defeated  him 
in  the  popular  election  of  1865. 

^^  The  North  Carolina  Constitution  of  1868  extended  the  term  of  ofhce  for  governor 
from  two  years  to  four  years,  but  prohibited  him  from  seeking  re-election  for  the 
following  term. 

Popularly-Elected  Governors:  Eour-Year  Term 

^^  The  efforts  of  conservatives  in  keeping  blacks  away  from  the  polls  during  the 
election  of  1870  resulted  in  a  substantial  majority  of  the  seats  m  the  General 
Assembly  being  won  by  conservative  candidates.  On  December  9,  1870,  a 
resolution  of  impeachment  against  Holden  was  introduced  in  the  House  of 
Representatives  by  Frederick  N.  Strudwick  of  Orange.  In  all,  eight  charges  were 
brought  against  Governor  Holden.  The  trial  lasted  from  Februar)'  21,  1871,  to 
March  23,  1871,  and  Holden  was  found  guilty  on  six  of  the  eight  charges.  He 
was  immediately  removed  from  office. 

^^  Caldwell  became  governor  following  the  removal  of  Holden  from  office  and  was 
elected  governor  in  the  general  elections  of  1872.  He  died  in  office  July  11, 
1874. 

^^  See  footnote  80. 

^^  Vance  was  elected  governor  m  1876.  On  January  21,  1879,  he  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  by  the  General  Assembly  and  resigned  as  governor  effective 
February  5,  1879. 

^^  Jarvis  became  governor  following  the  resignation  of  Vance,  and  was  elected 
governor  in  the  general  elections  of  1880. 


175 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

^"*  Robinson  was  sworn  in  as  governor  on  September  1,  1883  to  act  while  Jar\is 
was  out  of  the  state.  He  ser\'ed  from  September  1  through  September  28. 

«^  Fowle  died  April  7,  1891. 

'^'^  Umstead  died  on  November  7,  1954. 

"'  Holshouser  was  the  first  Republican  elected  Governor  since  1896  when  Daniel 
Russell  was  elected. 

'^'^  Hunt  became  the  first  gox'ernor  elected  to  a  four-year  term  who  was  then  elected 
to  another  term.  A  constitutional  amendment  adopted  in  1977  permitted  the 
governor  and  lieutenant  go\'ernor  to  run  tor  re-election. 

''*''  Martin  became  only  the  second  Republican  elected  in  this  centur\'.  He  was  re- 
elected m  1988. 

"^^  Hunt  became  the  ftrst  governor  to  serve  two  consecutive  four-year  terms  and 
then,  after  sitting  out  two  gubernatorial  elections,  be  re-elected  for  a  third  term. 


176 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Office  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor 

The  origin  of  this  office  goes  back  to  16th  centuiy  England  when  the  English 
Crown  established  the  office  of  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  a  county  official  who  represented 
the  king  in  the  management  of  local  affairs. 

Akhough  several  early  American  colonial  charters  referred  to  a  "deputy  governor," 
the  phrase  "Lieutenant  Governor"  was  used  for  the  first  time  in  the  Massachusetts 
Charter  of  1691.  That  charter  also  made  it  clear  that  the  Lieutenant  Governor  would 
become  governor  in  the  event  of  a  vacancy.  The  Office  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor 
in  colonial  times  seems  to  have  been  established  expressly  to  cope  with  the  problem 
of  gubernatorial  absence. 

The  concept  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor  presiding  over  the  upper  house  of  the 
state  legislature  may  have  had  its  roots  in  the  colonial  practice  of  making  the 
Lieutenant  Governor  the  chief  member  of  the  governors  council. 

The  North  Carolina  Constitution  of  1776  made  no  provision  for  a  Lieutenant 
Governor.  The  constitutional  convention  of  1868  chose  to  create  an  elective  Office 
of  the  Lieutenant  Governor. 

Between  1868  and  1970,  the  Lieutenant  Governor  was  a  part-time  official  with 
very  limited  authority.  He  served  only  when  the  General  Assembly  was  in  session 
or  in  the  absence  of  the  Governor.  His  primary  responsibility  was  to  preside  over 
the  N.C.  Senate.  As  the  presiding  officer,  he  appointed  senators  to  committees  and 
oversaw  legislation  as  it  passed  through  the  Senate.  Today,  the  Office  of  Lieutenant 
Governor  is  a  full-time  position  and  the  Lieutenant  Governor  is  no  longer  limited 
to  one  four-year  term.  Instead,  he  or  she  may  be  elected  to  one  additional,  consecutive 
four-year  term. 

Unlike  any  other  state  official,  the  Lieutenant  Governor  straddles  the  executive 
and  legislative  branches.  The  office  is  vested  with  constitutional  and  statutory  powers 
in  both  branches.  Under  the  Constitution  the  Lieutenant  Governor  is  first  in  line  to 
succeed  the  Governor  should  that  office  become  vacant. 

The  Lieutenant  Governor  is  President  of  the  Senate,  and,  as  chief  presiding 
officer,  directs  the  debate  of  bills  on  the  Senate  floor.  The  Lieutenant  Governor  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Council  of  State  and  serves  on  the  State  Board  of  Education 
and  the  North  Carolina  Capitol  Planning  Commission,  as  well  as  serving  on  the 
North  Carolina  Board  of  Community  Colleges  and  the  Board  of  Economic 
Development. 

The  Office  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor  consists  of  a  staff  that  assists  the  Lieutenant 
Governor  m  carrying  out  his  duties.  Much  of  the  work  of  the  staff  involves  responding 
to  citizen  inquiries  and  problems,  developing  poUcy  initiatives  and  working  with 
other  state  agencies. 


177 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Boards  and  Commissions 

Noith  Caix)lina  Capitol  Planning  Commission 

North  Carolina  Small  Business  Council 

State  Board  of  Commiuiity  Colleges 

State  Board  ofEducation 

State  Health  Plan  Purchasing  Alliance  Board 

North  Carolina  Local  Government  Partnership  Council 

North  Carolina  Information  Resource  Management  Commission  (Chair) 

For  further  information  about  the  Office  of  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  call  (919) 
733-7350  or  visit  the  offices  Web  site  at  v>avw. Itgo v. state .nc . us . 


Beverly  Eaves  Perdue 

Lieutenant  Governor 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Grundy,  Va. 

EducationalBackgixyimd 

B.A.,  University  of  Kentucky;  Masters  in  Education, 
University  ot  Florida;  Ph.D.  m  Administration, 
University  of  Florida. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Lieutenant  Governor 

Political  Actwities 

Lieutenant  Governor  of  North  Carolina,  2001- 
Present;  N.C.  Senate,  1990-2000;  N.C.  House  of 
Representatives,  1986-1990. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Volunteer,  North  Carolina  Food  Bank;  Volunteer,  Carolina  Center  for  Hospice  and 
End  of  Life  Care;  Member,  National  Conference  of  Lieutenant  Governors. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Health  and  Welfare  Trust  Fund  Commission;  State  Board  of  Education;  State 
Economic  Development  Board. 

Honors  and  Awards 

NCEITA  Public  Leadership  in  Technology  Award;  Gold  Heart  Honoree,  American 
Heart  Association;  Presidents  Award,  N.C.  Educators  Association. 

Personal  In/btmation 

Married,  Robert  W  Eaves,  Jr.;  two  children,  two  stepchildren,  two  grandchildren; 

Episcopalian. 

178 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Lieutenant  Governors^ 


Name 

Residence 

Term 

Tod  R.  CaldwelP 

Burke 

1868-1870 

Curtis  H.  Brogden^ 

Wayne 

1873-1874 

Thomas  J.  Jams'* 

Pitt 

1877-1879 

James  L.  Robinson'^ 

Macon 

1881-1885 

Charles  M.  Stedman 

New  Hanover 

1885-1889 

Thomas  M.  Holt'^ 

Alamance 

1889-1891 

Rufus  A.  Doughton 

Alleghany 

1893-1897 

Charles  A.  Reynolds 

Forsyth 

1897-1901 

Wilfred  D.  Turner 

Iredell 

1901-1905 

Francis  D.  Winston 

Bertie 

1905-1909 

William  C.  Newland 

Caldwell 

1909-1913 

Elijah  L.  Daughtridge 

Edgecombe 

1913-1917 

Oliver  Max  Gardner 

Cleveland 

1917-1921 

WilUam  B.  Cooper 

New  Hanover 

1921-1925 

Jacob  E.  Long 

Durham 

1925-1929 

Richard  T.  Fountam 

Edgecombe 

1929-1933 

Alexander  H.  Graham 

Orange 

1933-1937 

Wilkins  R  Horton 

Chatham 

1937-1941 

Reginald  L.  Harris 

Person 

1941-1945 

Lynton  Y.  Ballentine 

Wake 

1945-1949 

Hoyt  Patrick  Taylor 

Anson 

1949-1953 

Luther  H.  Hodges^ 

Rockingham 

1953-1954 

Luther  E.  Earnhardt 

Cabarrus 

1957-1961 

Harvey  Cloyd  Philpott*^ 

Davidson 

1961-1965 

Robert  W  Scott 

Alamance 

1965-1969 

Hoyt  Patrick  Taylor,  Jr. 

Anson 

1969-1973 

James  B.  Hunt,  Jr. 

Wilson 

1973-1977 

James  C.  Green'^ 

Bladen 

1977-1985 

Robert  B.  Jordan,  111 

Montgomery 

1985-1989 

James  C.  Gardner ^'^' 

Nash 

1989-1993 

Dennis  A.  Wicker 

Lee 

1993-2000 

Beverly  Eaves  Perdue 

Craven 

2001-Present 

^    The  Office  of  Lieutenant  Governor  was  created  by  the  North  Carolina  Constitution 
of  1868. 

^    Caldwell  became  governor  following  Holden's  impeachment  in  1870. 

^    Brogden  became  governor  following  Caldwell's  death. 


Jarvis  became  governor  following  Vance's  resignation. 


179 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

^  Robinson  resigned  from  office  on  October  13,  1884. 

^  Holl  became  governor  following  Fowle's  death. 

''  I^odges  became  governor  following  Umsteads  death. 

"  Philpott  died  on  August  18,  1961. 

"  Green  vv'as  the  tirst  lieutenant  governor  elected  to  a  second  term. 

"'  Gardner  was  elected  m  1988,  becoming  the  hrst  Republican  elected  lieutenant 
governor  this  century. 


180 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State 

The  Department  of  the  Secretaty  of  State  is  the  second-oldest  government  office 
in  North  CaroUna.  Shortly  after  the  Lords  Proprietor  were  granted  their  charter  in 
1663,  they  appointed  the  first  secretary  to  maintain  the  records  of  the  colony  The 
office  continued  afier  the  crown  purchased  North  Carolina  from  the  Lords  Proprietor 
in  1728.  The  Office  of  Secretary  of  State  even  survived  the  turmoil  of  the  Revolution, 
finding  its  way  into  the  North  Carolina  State  Constitution  of  1776. 

From  1 776  until  1835 ,  the  Secretary  of  State  was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly 
in  joint  session  for  a  term  of  one  year.  The  Convention  of  1835,  in  addition  to 
changmg  the  meeting  schedule  of  the  General  Assembly  from  annually  to  biennially, 
also  provided  for  the  election  of  the  Secretary  of  State  by  the  General  Assembly 
every  two  years.  Beginning  in  1868,  the  Secretary  of  State  was  elected  by  the  people 
of  North  Carolina. 

For  decades  afterwards,  individuals  elected  to  the  office  were  usually  re-elected 
on  a  regular  basis.  Only  seven  men  held  the  office  during  its  first  92  years  and  only 
21  individuals  have  held  the  office  since  its  creation  in  1776.  William  Hill,  who 
served  as  Secretary  of  State  from  1811  until  his  death  in  1857,  a  total  of  46  years. 
This  record  of  service  seemed  unbreakable  until  the  election  of  1936,  when  a  young 
leader  from  Hertford  County  was  elected  Secretary  of  State.  Nearly  five  decades 
later,  on  December  22,  1982,  Thad  Eure  broke  Hills  record,  in  the  process  becoming 
one  of  the  longest-serving  elected  officials  ever  in  North  Carolina  history.  Eure,  the 
self-styled  "oldest  rat  m  the  Democratic  barn,"  retired  from  office  in  1989  afier  more 
than  52  years. 

Rufus  Edmisten,  a  former  North  CaroHna  Attorney  General  and  aide  to  the  U.S. 
Senates  Watergate  investigation  committee  in  the  1970s,  succeeded  Eure  m  1989. 
Re-elected  in  1992,  Edmisten  resigned  as  Secretary  of  State  in  March,  1996.  Governor 
James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.,  appointed  the  former  secretary  of  the  Department  of  Revenue, 
Janice  Faulkner,  to  serve  out  the  remaining  months  of  Edmisten's  term.  Faulkner's 
appointment  made  her  the  first  woman  ever  to  serve  both  as  Secretary  of  State  and 
as  a  member  of  the  Council  of  State. 

Elaine  F  Marshall,  a  Lillington  attorney  and  former  state  senator,  became  North 
Carolina's  first  female  elected  Secretary  of  State  in  1996,  defeating  former  stock  car 
racer  Richard  Petty  The  victory  at  the  polls  also  earned  Marshall  a  place  in  state 
history  as  the  first  woman  ever  elected  to  the  Council  of  State.  Marshall  was  re- 
elected in  2000  and  again  in  2004. 

Today  the  Secretary  of  State  is  a  constitutional  officer  elected  to  a  four-year  term 
by  the  citizens  of  North  Carolina  at  the  same  time  as  other  elected  executive  officials. 
She  heads  the  Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  which  was  created  by  the  Executive 
Organization  Act  of  1971.  The  Secretary  of  State  is  a  member  of  the  Council  of  State 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  an  ex-officio  member  of  the  Local  Government  Commission  and  Capital 
Planning  Commission  and  the  Information  Resources  Management  Commission. 

The  department  plays  an  important  role  m  the  states  economy.  Many  of  the 
departments  programs  encourage  capital  investment  in  North  Carolina  by  pro\iding 
a  stable  regulatory  environment  lor  business  and  industry.  The  agency  is  also  a 
leader  in  developing  electronic  commerce  throughout  the  state.  The  departments 
business-related  sub-branches  include: 

Cotyoratwns  Division 

This  dix'ision  regulates  the  formation,  activities  and  dissolution  of  every 
cor]ioration.  limited  liability  company  and  limited  partnership  m  the  state.  The 
department  is  required  by  North  Carolina  law  to  ensure  uniform  compliance  with 
statutes  governing  the  formation  of  business  entities.  As  a  result,  the  division  records 
business  entit)'  mlormation  rec[uired  by  law  as  a  public  record,  prevents  duplication 
of  business  entity  names  and  furnishes  entity  information  to  the  public.  The  diMsion 
is  responsible  for  maintaining  records  on  approximately  300,000  current 
corporations,  limited  partnerships,  limited  liability  partnerships  and  Umited  liability 
companies.  The  Information  Services  Group  responds  to  thousands  of  inquiries 
regarding  entity  records.  Information  on  the  Corporations  Division  website  is 
accessed  in  excess  of  700,000  times  per  month. 

Publications  Division 

The  Publications  Division  compiles  and  publishes  information  useful  to  the 
General  Assembly,  other  state  agencies  and  the  people  of  North  Carolina.  The  division 
maintains  a  wide  range  of  reference  works,  such  as  the  ]:^on]\  Carolina  Manual  and 
the  Directory  oj  State  and  County  Ojjieials,  while  also  managing  an  archive  that 
includes  state  voting  records  —  both  primary  and  general  elections  —  as  well  as 
oflicial  copies  of  gubernatorial  executive  orders,  N.C.  House  and  Senate  journals 
and  N.C.  Session  Laws  extending  back  over  a  centuiy  and  an  original,  hand-written 
copy  ot  the  N.C.  Constitution  ot  1868.  The  divisions  web  site  has  developed  an 
extensive  list  of  North  Carolina-related  URLs. 

Securities  Division 

The  Securities  Duision  regulates  the  sales  of  stocks  and  other  financial  instruments 
and  the  activities  of  brokers  across  the  state.  The  division  is  responsible  for 
administering  North  Carolinas  securities  laws.  These  "blue  sky"  laws  constitute 
Chapters  78A,  and  78C  of  the  General  Statutes.  These  seek  to  protect  the  investing 
public  by  requiring  a  satisfactor)'  investigation  of  both  the  people  who  offer  securities 
and  of  the  securities  themselves.  The  laws  provide  the  division  with  signihcant 
investigative  powers. 

The  Securities  Division  handles  investor  complaints  concerning  securities  brokers 
and  dealers,  investment  advisers  or  commodities  dealers.  The  division  is  also  an 

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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

information  source  for  investors  inquiring  about  offerings  of  particular  securities 
or  commodities.  Although  the  division  cannot  represent  an  investor  in  a  claim  for 
monetary  damages,  the  staff  can  investigate  alleged  violations  and  suspend  or  revoke 
a  brokers  license.  The  division  also  has  the  statutory  authority  to  issue  stop  orders 
against  securities  offerings,  issue  cease  and  desist  orders,  seek  court  injunctions  or 
refer  the  results  of  an  investigation  to  a  district  attorney  for  criminal  prosecution. 
Conviction  of  willfully  violating  the  state  security  laws  is  a  felony  Investors  with 
concerns  about  or  complaints  against  specific  brokers  can  call  the  di\ision  at  (800) 
688-4507.  The  division  is  also  responsible  for  the  registration  of  loan  brokers  and 
investment  advisers.  The  department,  acting  as  the  securities  administrator  for  North 
Carolina,  is  a  member  of  the  North  American  Securities  Administrators  Association. 
Through  this  organization  the  divisions  staff  assists  in  the  adoption  of  nationwide 
uniform  policies  on  securities.  The  division  works  with  other  state  securities 
agencies,  various  federal  agencies,  including  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission,  and  with  various  industry  groups  such  as  the  National  Association 
of  Securities  Dealers. 

Trademarks  Section 

This  section  issues  trademarks  and  service  marks  for  businesses  in  North 
Carolina  and  enforces  state  and  federal  trademark  laws  against  counterfeiters. 
Counterfeit  goods  cost  North  Carolina  manufacturers  and  consumers  millions  of 
dollars  each  year. 

Uniform  Commercial  Code  Division 

This  dmsion  supports  commercial  lending  m  North  Carolina  as  the  repositor)' 
for  lien  records  filed  by  banks,  mortgage  companies  and  other  financial  institutions. 
Uniform  Commercial  Code  Article  9  of  the  North  Carolina  General  Statutes  requires 
the  department  to  pro\ide  a  method  of  notifying  interested  third  parties  of  security 
interests  in  personal  property  The  division  maintains  a  notice  filing  system  similar 
to  those  used  by  nearly  every  state  in  the  Union.  The  UCC  Di\isions  records  are 
public  records.  The  division  processes  more  than  10,000  filings  monthly 

Records  on  hie  include  a  statement  showing  the  name  and  address  of  the  debtor, 
the  secured  party  and  a  brief  description  of  the  collateral.  These  documents  are 
indexed  by  debtor  name.  A  search  of  the  records  on  a  particular  debtor  will  produce 
a  list  of  all  active  creditors  who  have  hied  statements  with  this  ofhce. 

Financing  statements  are  generally  effective  for  a  five-year  period.  Prior  to  their 
expiration  date,  the  statements  may  be  extended  for  an  additional  five  years.  The 
department  also  serves  as  central  filing  office  for  federal  tax  liens,  which  are  handled 
in  the  same  manner  as  UCC  filings. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  department  also  plays  a  role  in  the  lives  of  many  North  Carolina  residents 
through  the  following  programs: 

Advanced  Health  Care  Directives  Registry 

The  Advanced  Health  Care  Directives  Registr)'  provides  North  Carolinians  with 
a  central  repository  for  end-of-life  health  care  directives.  Citizens  can  file  these 
directives  with  the  registry,  which  then  makes  them  available  to  physicians  via  the 
Internet.  The  innovative  registry  protects  the  privacy  of  its  clients  while  ensuring 
that  their  important  end-of-life  directives  are  available  around  the  clock  to  their 
health  care  providers. 

Authentications  Section 

The  Authentications  Section  helps  residents  and  businesses  navigate  the 
requirements  of  the  Hague  Convention,  which  go\'erns  international  protocol  for 
establishing  the  authenticity  of  ofhcial  documents  issued  m  the  United  States  that 
are  intended  for  use  in  business  or  ofhcial  governmental  transactions  m  other  nations. 
In  concrete  terms,  the  Authentications  Sections  helps  thousands  of  residents  complete 
the  paperwork  for  overseas  adoptions  and  shipment  of  bodies  for  burial  outside 
the  borders  of  the  United  States  each  year.  Businesses  conducting  transactions  overseas 
also  rely  on  the  sections  services. 

Charitable  Solicitation  Licensing  Section 

The  Charitable  Solicitation  Licensing  Section  regulates  organizations  and  persons 
who  raise  money  for  charitable  purposes  from  persons  withm  the  geographical 
boundaries  of  North  Carolina.  The  section  administers  the  Solicitation  of 
Contributions  Act,  Chapter  13 IF  of  the  North  Carolina  General  Statutes. The  section 
protects  the  public  from  deception,  fraud  or  misinterpretation  regarding  how  or  for 
what  purpose  donations  will  be  used. 

Before  soliciting  residents  of  North  Carolina  for  contributions,  organizations 
subject  to  the  state  law  must  apply  for  and  obtain  a  license  to  solicit.  Licenses  must 
be  renewed  annually  and  the  section  reviews  applications  and  issues  licenses  to 
those  m  compliance  with  the  law.  The  section  has  broad  power  to  investigate 
complaints  that  soliciting  organizations  and  individuals  are  not  complying  with 
the  state  law.  The  section  may  pro\ide  assistance  to  the  states  attorney  general  in 
prosecuting  civil  actions  brought  to  enforce  solicitation  laws. 

Land  Records  Section 

The  Land  Records  Section  works  with  local  governments  to  establish  standards 
for  the  storage  of  vital  land  records  such  as  deeds.  The  section  has  provided  expertise 
free  to  the  many  local  governments  creating  electronic  archives  of  their  land  records. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  section  is  also  responsible  for  maintaining  the  municipal  annexation  maps 
and  ordinances,  municipal  charter  amendments  and  county  boundary  maps  that 
are  required  to  be  filed  with  the  department. 

Lobbyist  Registration  Section 

This  division  administers  the  state's  legislative  lobbying  laws.  It  is  also  a 
repository  for  official  copies  of  ratified  laws. 

Notary  Public  Section 

Over  164,000  North  Carolinians  are  registered  as  notaries  public  through  the 
departments  Notary  Section.  The  department  has  issued  commissions  to  notaries 
public  since  1971.  The  office  of  notary  public  is  one  of  the  oldest  in  history,  having 
existed  as  far  back  as  the  Greek  and  Roman  Empires.  There  are  notaries  in  all  50 
states  and  in  most  of  the  countries  around  the  world.  Notaries  provide  a  means  for 
establishing  the  authenticity  of  signatures  on  legal  documents  such  as  deeds, 
automobile  titles  and  other  instruments.  The  section  has  an  enforcement  section 
that  works  with  local  and  state  agencies  to  enforce  notary  public  law  and  prosecute 
violators. 

For  more  information  about  the  Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  call:  (919) 
807-2000  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  www.sosnc.com. 


Elaine  F.Marshall 

l^.C.  Secretary  of  State 

Early  Years 

Born  November  18,  1945,  m  Lmeboro,  Md., 
to  Donald  and  Pauline  Folk. 

EducationalBackground 

Bachelors  of  Science  in  Textiles  and  Clothing, 
University  of  Maryland,  1968;  Juris  Doctor, 
Campbell  University  School  of  Law,  1981; 
Honorary  Doctoral  Degrees,  Meredith 
College  and  Lees-McRae  College,  2004. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Director    of    Camping,    Maryland    4-H 

Foundation  (summers),  1964-1966;  Teacher, 

Lenoir  County  School  System,  1969-1970;  Co-Owner,  Book  and  Gift  Store,  1969- 

74;  Instructor,  Lenoir  Community  College  and  Johnston  Technical  Community 

College,  1970-1977;  Owner  and  Decorator,  The  Custom  House,  Dunn,  1975-1979; 

Associate,  Office  of  Edgar  R.  Bam,  Lillmgton,  1981-1984;  Partner,  Bain  &  Marshall, 

Lillmgton,  1985-1992;  Partner,  Marshall  &  Marshall,  Lillington,  1993-96. 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Political  Activities 

North  Carolina  Secreiary  of  State,  1997-Present;  Senator,  15th  District,  North 
Carohna  Senate,  1993-1994;  Chair,  Harnett  County  Democratic  Party,  1991-1992; 
President,  Democratic  Women  of  Harnett  County,  1983-1987;  National  Secretary, 
Young  Democrats  of  America,  1977-1979;  National  Committee  Member,  Young 
Democrats  of  North  Carolina,  1974-1977. 

Organizations,  Boarxls  and  Conunissions 

Chair,  National  Secretaries  of  State  Standing  Committee  on  Business  Services  & 
Licensing;  Board  of  Directors,  Latin  American  Resource  Center;  Member,  North 
Carolina  Courts  Commission,  Juvenile  Code  Study  Commission,  Agriculture  and 
Forestry  Resources  Study  Commission  and  Joint  Legislative  Highway  Oversight 
Committee,  N.C.  General  Assembly,  1993-1994;  Member,  Board  of  Directors,  N.C. 
Rural  Economic  Development  Fund,  Inc.,  1993-1995;  Member,  Board  of  Directors, 
N.C.  4-H  Development  Fund,  Inc.,  1990-Present;  Member,  Board  of  Directors, 
Harnett  County  United  Way,  1987-1996;  Founding  board  member,  Harnett  County 
Rape  Crisis  (now  SAFE),  1988-1991;  President,  Harnett  County  Bar  Association, 
1988-1989;  Governor,  N.C.  Association  of  Women  Attorneys,  1995;  Founding 
Chair,  Harnett  HelpNet  for  Children,  1992;  International  Farm  Young  Exchange 
Delegate  to  Brazil,  1967;  National  Scholarship  Winner,  4-H  Foundation,  1963; 
President,  Maiyland  4-H,  1963. 

Honoi^  andAwaixis 

2004  Leadership  m  Government  Award,  Common  Cause;  2004  Distinguished 
Attorney  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  Women  Attorneys;  2003  Lifetime  Achievement 
Award,  North  Carolina  4-H  (organizations  highest  award);  2003  Top  Twenty-Five 
Award  for  Government  Technology  Leadership  m  America  by  Govcvumcni  Technology 
Magazine;  Named  one  of  Business  Leader  Magazines  Ten  "Women  Extraordmair," 
2003;  In  the  Arena  Award  Uor  departments  new  interactive  database  system)  and 
Best  of  Breed  Award  (for  leadership  m  opening  up  state  government  through  Internet- 
based  access),  Center  for  Digital  Government,  2002;  Alumni  of  the  Year,  North 
Carolina  4-H,  2001;  Inductee,  Academy  of  Women,  Wake  County  YWCA,  2001 
James  Earl  Carter  Outstanding  Alumni  Award,  Young  Democrats  oi  America,  2001 
Special  Achievement  Award  for  Technology,  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers,  2000 
Leadership  m  Technology  Award,  Government/Non-Profit  Sector,  NCEITA,  1998 
Career  Woman  of  the  Year,  Business  &  Professional  Women  in  North  Carolina, 
1998;  Distinguished  Citizen  Award,  N.C.  Council  for  Women,  1997;  Distinguished 
Citizen  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Council  for  Women,  1996;  Recipient,  Richter  Moore  Public 
Service  Award,  N.C.  Political  Science  Association,  1997;  Recipient,  Gwyneth  B. 
Davis  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  Women  Attorneys,  1996;  Honorary  member, 
Delta  Kappa  Gamma  Society,  1994;  Lillmgton  Woman  of  the  Year,  1994;  Public 
Citizen  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Chapter  of  the  National  Association  of  Social  Workers, 
1994;  Dunn  Business  Woman  of  the  Year,  1990;  Academic  Honorary,  Phi  Kappa 
Phi,  1989;  Harnett  County  4-H  Alumna  of  the  Year,  1989;  Delegate  to  Brazil, 

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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 


International  Farm  Young  Exchange,  1967;  National  Scholarship  Winner,  4-H 
Foundation,  1963. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Husband,  Bill  Holford.  Five  step-children.  Seven  grandchildren.  Member,  Divine 
Street  Methodist  Church,  Dunn. 

North  Carolina  Secretaries  of  State 


Colonial  Secretaries^^ 

Name 

Richard  Cobthrop^ 
Peter  Carteret' 
Robert  Holden^ 
Thomas  Miller"^ 
Robert  Holden^ 
Woodrowe'' 
Francis  Hartley^ 
Daniel  Akehurst*^ 
Samuel  Svv^ann^ 
Tobias  Knight^*^ 
George  Lumley^^ 
George  Lumley 
Nevil  Low^- 
Tobias  Knight'^ 
John  Lovick^"^ 
John  Lovick^' 
Joseph  Anderson^^ 
Nathaniel  Rice^' 
James  Murray^^ 
Henry  McCulloch^^ 
Richard  Spaight^^ 
Richard  Spaight^^ 
Benjamin  Heron--^ 
John  London--' 
Robert  Palmer'"* 
Thomas  Faulkner'^ 
Samuel  Strudwick^^ 


Residence 


Term 

ca.  1665 

1665-1672 

1675-1677 

1677-1679 

1679-1683 

1683-1685 

1685-1692 

1692-1700 

1700-1704 

1704-1708 

1704 

1708 

1711 

1712-1719 

1719-1722 

1722-1731 

1731 

1731-1753 

1753-1755 

1755 

1755-1762 

1762 

1762-1769 

1769-1770 

1770-1771 

1772 

1772-1775 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Secretaries  ofState^ 

James  Glasgow-" 

1777-1798 

William  White-^' 

1798-1811 

William  HilP^^ 

1811-1857 

Rufus  H.  Page^' 

1857-1862 

J  ohn  P.  H.  Russ'^ 

1862-1864 

Charles  R.  Thomas^^ 

1864-1865 

Robert  W.  Best'^ 

1865-1868 

Heniy  J.  Menninger''' 

Wake 

1868-1873 

William  H.  Howerton 

Rowan 

1873-1877 

Joseph  A.  Engelhard-^ 

New  Hanover 

1877-1879 

William  L.  Saunders" 

Wake 

1879-1891 

Octavius  Coke^'^ 

Wake 

1891-1895 

Charles  M.  Cooke ^^" 

Franklin 

1895-1897 

Cyrus  Thompson 

Onslow 

1897-1901 

John  Bryan  Grimes""-^ 

Pitt 

1901-1923 

William  N.  Everett"*^ 

Richmond 

1923-1928 

James  A.  Hartness"*- 

Richmond 

1928-1933 

Stacey  W  Wade^^ 

Carteret 

1933-1936 

Charles  G.  Powell-*^ 

Granville 

1936 

Thad  A,  Eure^' 

Hertford 

1936-1989 

Rufus  L.  Edmisten"^*" 

Watauga 

1989-1996 

Janice  1.  Faulkner"*' 

Pitt 

1996 

Elaine  E  Marshall"*^ 

Harnett 

1997-Presei 

Colonial  Secretaries 

'    The  Lords  Proprietor  chose  Cobthrop,  but  he  never  sailed  to  Albemarle. 

-  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Carteret  and  he  arrived  m  Albemarle  on 
February  23,  1665.  He  was  presumably  qualified  shortly  after  his  arrival. 
Following  the  death  of  Governor  Stephens  m  early  1670,  Carteret  was  chosen  as 
his  successor,  but  apparently  continued  serving  as  secretary.  It  is  possible  that  he 
acted  m  both  capacities  until  his  departure  for  England  in  1672. 

^  Little  IS  known  concerning  Holdens  appointment  or  dates  of  service.  He  was 
sewmg  as  secretary  on  July  26,  1675,  where  he  verihed  a  sworn  statement  and 
seems  to  have  continued  m  office  until  the  arrival  of  Miller  m  July,  1677.  It  is 
possible  he  was  appointed  secretaiy  prior  to  this  date  since  he  had  been  m  the 
colony  since  1671. 

"*  When  Eastchurch  appointed  Miller  to  act  m  his  stead  until  he  returned  to  North 
Carolina,  he  apparently  appointed  him  secretary  as  well  as  deputy  governor.  On 


188 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

October  9,  1677,  Miller  attested  to  the  granting  of  a  power  of  attorney,  however 
this  could  have  been  in  the  capacity  of  acting  governor  rather  than  as  secretary. 

'  The  Lords  Proprietor  appointed  Holden.  He  apparently  arrived  in  Albemarle  in 
July  1679.  The  Lords  Proprietor  issued  a  warrant  appointing  him  Receiver  General 
of  North  Carolina  in  February  1679,  and  it  is  possible  that  a  similar  warrant  was 
issued  about  the  same  time  for  secretary  Records  indicate  Holden  was  acting  as 
secretary  by  November  6,  1679.  Sometime  between  March,  1681,  and  July  1682, 
Holden  was  imprisoned  on  charges  of  "gross  irregularities  in  the  collection  of 
Customs" —  another  ofhce  which  he  held.  Extant  records  do  not  indicate  what 
ultimately  happened  to  him.  His  name  does  not  appear  in  council  records  after 
1681  and,  in  1682,  John  Archdale  was  issued  a  blank  commission  to  appoint  a 
new  receiver-general.  It  is  possible  that  Holden  was  released  from  prison  or 
acquitted  of  the  charges  and  continued  serving  as  secretary  Some  sources  indicate 
he  served  until  1684.  Other  references,  however,  indicate  that  someone  else  was 
acting  as  secretary  in  1684  or  earlier. 

'  Little  is  known  about  Woodrowe,  not  even  his  first  name.  The  only  mention  of 
him  in  extant  records  is  in  a  letter  written  by  the  Lords  Proprietor  in  Februar)', 
1684.  The  letter  indicates  that  he  had  been  serving  for  some  time,  ll  is  possible 
he  was  appointed  as  early  as  1682. 

^  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Hartley,  but  no  record  of  when  he  qualified 
exists.  According  to  one  source  he  died  in  January,  1691-92,  probably  while  still 
secretary. 

'  When  Akehurst  took  ofhce  is  not  known.  He  was  apparently  acting  as  secretary 
by  June  26,  1693,  when  he  acknowledged  a  land  grant.  It  is  possible  that  he  was 
appointed  as  early  as  1692  and  presumably  served  until  his  death  sometime  in 
late  1699  or  early  1700.  His  will  was  probated  m  Virginia  m  1700. 

^  Swann  may  have  been  appointed  to  replace  Akehurst;  When  he  took  office  is  not 
known.  He  was  serving  by  September,  1700,  and  probably  served  until  Knight 
took  over  1704. 

Knight  was  apparently  appointed  to  replace  Swann  and  according  to  one  source 
was  m  the  ofhce  m  1704.  The  earliest  documentary  evidence  of  Knight  acting  as 
secretary  is  his  certification  of  a  court  proceeding  on  February  20,  1705.  There  is 
no  evidence  that  he  served  as  secretary  after  1708.  He  was,  however,  again  serving 
in  1712. 

Lumley  was  appointed  by  Kmght  to  act  as  secretar)'  on  two  occasions,  once  in 
October,  1704,  and  again  in  1708  during  Knights  absence  due  to  an  illness.  It  is 
not  known  who  served  between  1708  and  1712  because  of  the  chaotic  conditions 
in  the  colony's  government  at  the  time. 


10 


189 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

'  -  The  Lords  Proprietor  issued  two  commissions  to  Low,  the  first  on  January  3 1 , 
1711,  and  a  second  on  June  13,  1711.  There  is  no  record  of  Low  actually  serving 
as  secretary 

"  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Knight  and  he  subsequently  qualified  before 
the  governor  and  council.  In  1719  he  was  called  before  the  council  to  answer 
charges  o'i  conspiracy  with  pirates,  but  was  acquitted.  He  apparently  died  m  late 
June,  1719,  since  a  successor  was  appointed  on  June  30,  and  his  will  was  probated 
on  Julv  7,  1719. 

'"*  Lovick  was  appointed  b)'  the  governor  and  council  lollowing  Knights  death. 

'^  The  Lords  Proprietor  commissioned  Lovick  and  he  qualilicd  before  the  governor 
and  council.  He  ser\^'d  until  1731. 

""  Gox'crnor  Burrington  named  Anderson  as  "acting"  secretary  until  Rice  arrived. 

''  Rice  was  commissioned  by  the  crown  and  qualiticd  before  the  governor  and 
council.  He  served  until  his  death  on  January  28,  1753. 

''"^  The  Council  appointed  Murray  upon  the  death  of  Rice.  He  ser\'ed  until  McCullochs 
arrival  m  1755.  Land  grant  records  indicate  that  he  was  acting  as  secretary  as  late 
as  March  31,  1755. 

'"  A  warrant  was  issued  on  June  21,  1754,  for  McCullochs  appointment  as  secretary 
and  Governor  Dobbs  certihed  his  commission  on  July  1  while  both  were  still  in 
England.  McCulloch  qualihed  as  a  council  member  on  March  25,  1755,  but 
does  not  appear  to  have  acted  as  secretary  until  April.  He  sciwed  until  his  death 
later  m  1755. 

-^'  Governor  Dobbs  sent  a  letter  to  Spaight  appointing  him  "Secretaiy  of  the  Crown" 
on  October  2,  1755.  A  commission  for  Spaight  m  the  Secretary  of  States  records, 
however,  bears  the  date  October  27,  1755.  He  qualified  before  Dobbs  on  October 
30. 

-'  Dobbs  re-appomted  Spaight  and  he  ser\'ed  until  his  death  sometime  during  July 
or  early  August,  1672. 

'■^  Dobbs  appointed  Heron  to  replace  Spaight.  On  March  6,  1769,  Heron  was  granted 
a  leave  of  absence  to  return  to  England  where  he  apparenth'  died. 

^-^  London  was  already  a  deputy  secretary  under  Heron  and  acted  m  this  capacity 
until  news  of  Herons  death  was  received.  Governor  Tryon  appointed  London 
secretaiy  upon  the  death  of  Heron  and  he  seiwed  until  he  "declined  acting  any 
longer." 

-"^  Tryon  appointed  Palmer  to  replace  London  on  July  8,  1771.  He  was  granted  a 
leave  of  absence  to  return  to  England  lor  reasons  of  health. 


190 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

^^  The  Board  of  Trade  proposed  Faulkner  to  King  on  March  17.  On  April  1  the 
crown  ordered  the  preparation  of  a  commission  for  Faulkner.  He  rented  his 
commission  to  Samuel  Strudwick. 

^^  Martin  appointed  Strudwick  after  the  latter  had  produced  "sufficient  e\adence 
that  he  had  rented  the  Secretary's  Office  m  this  Province  of  Mr.  Faulkner."  He 
apparently  continued  serving  until  the  Revolution. 

Secretaries  of  State 

^'  The  Secretary  of  State  was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  at  its  annual  (biennial, 
after  1835)  meeting  for  a  term  of  one  year.  The  Constitutional  Convention  of 
1868  extended  the  term.  The  power  of  electing  the  Secretary  of  State  remained  in 
the  hands  of  the  General  Assembly  until  1868  when  a  new  constitution  was 
adopted.  Since  1868,  the  Secretary  of  State  has  been  elected  by  the  people  and 
serves  for  a  four-year  term.  He  or  she  can  run  for  re-election. 

^^  The  provincial  congress  appointed  Glasgow  to  serve  until  the  next  meeting  of 
the  General  Assembly  He  was  later  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  to  a  regular 
term  and  continued  serving  until  1798  when  he  resigned  because  of  his 
involvement  in  a  land  scandal.  The  General  Assembly  received  his  resignation 
on  November  20. 

^'^  White  was  elected  to  replace  Glasgow  and  served  until  his  death  sometime  in  late 
September  or  early  November,  1811. 

^''  Hill  died  on  October  29,  1857. 

^'  Page  was  appointed  by  the  governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  council. 
He  was  later  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  to  a  regular  term,  but  he  was  defeated 
for  re-election  m  1862  by  Russ. 

^-  Russ  requested  that  his  name  be  withdrawn  at  the  end  of  the  first  round  of  balloting 
in  1864. 

^^  Thomas,  elected  by  the  General  Assembly,  took  office  on  January  3,  1865,  and 
served  until  the  end  of  the  Civil  War.  Governor  William  W  Holden  appointed 
Thomas  as  secretary  m  the  provisional  government.  Thomas  resigned  on  August 
12,  1865. 

^"^  Best  may  have  been  appointed  earlier  by  Holden  following  Thomas'  resignation 
since  his  name  appears  beneath  that  of  Thomas  in  the  Record  Book.  The  book 
simply  states  that  Best  was  appointed  in  1865.  He  was  later  elected  by  the  General 
Assembly  and  served  until  the  new  state  constitution  was  put  into  effect  in  1868. 

^^  Menninger  was  elected  in  the  general  election  m  April,  1868,  but  declined  to  run 
for  re-election  in  1872. 


36 


Engelhard  died  February  15,  1879. 


191 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

^''  Governor  Jan'is  appointed  Saunders  on  February  18,  1879,  to  replace  Engelhard. 
Saunders  was  elected  to  a  full  term  m  the  general  elections  m  1880  and  served 
following  subsequent  re-elections  until  his  death  on  April  2,  1891. 

^^  Governor  Fowle  appointed  Coke  on  April  4,  1891,  to  replace  Saunders.  He  was 
elected  to  a  full  term  in  the  general  elections  in  1892  and  served  until  his  death 
on  August  30,  1895. 

^-  Governor  Carr  appointed  Cooke  on  September  3,  1895,  to  replace  Coke.  Thomas 
defeated  him  in  the  general  elections  of  1896. 

""'  Grimes  died  Januaiy  16,  1923. 

"^'  Governor  Morrison  appointed  Everette  on  January  16,  1923,  to  replace  Grimes. 
He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  m  1924  and  served  until  his  death  February 
7,  1928. 

"*-  Governor  McLean  appointed  Hartness  on  February  13,  1928,  to  replace  Everett. 
He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  m  1928,  but  declined  to  run  for  re-election 
m  1932. 

"*^  Wade  resigned  m  November,  1936. 

^^  Governor  Ehnnghaus  appointed  Powell  on  November  17,  1936,  to  replace  Wade. 
Powell  resigned  just  one  month  after  taking  ofhce. 

"•^  Eure  had  been  elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1936  and  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Ehringhaus  on  December  21,  1936,  to  replace  Powell.  On  Januar)-  7, 
1937,  he  took  ofhce  for  his  regular  term  and  subsequent  re-elections.  He  ser\'ed 
longer  than  any  other  state  ofhcial  m  North  Carolina  history  finally  retiring  on 
January  7,  1989. 

"^'■'  Edmisten  was  elected  m  November,  1988,  when  Eure  declined  to  run  for  re- 
election. He  won  re-election  m  1992.  Edmisten  resigned  in  March,  1996. 

"*'  Governor  Hunt  appointed  Faulkner  on  April  1,  1996,  to  ser\'e  the  remainder  of 
Edmisten s  term. 

"*  -  Marshall  became  North  Carolina's  hrst  female  elected  Secretary  of  State  after  winning 
the  general  election  of  1996.  She  took  ofhce  m  January,  1997. 


192 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Office  of  the  State  Auditor 

The  Office  of  the  State  Auditor  was  created  by  the  Constitution  of  1868,  although 
an  "auditor  of  pubUc  accounts"  had  existed  since  1862  and  references  to  an  auditors 
duties  go  back  to  the  colonial  constitution  of  1669. 

Today,  the  state  auditor  is  a  constitutional  officer  elected  by  vote  of  the  people 
every-  four  years.  The  Office  of  the  State  Auditor  conducts  audits  of  the  financial 
affairs  of  all  state  agencies.  The  department  also  has  the  statutory'  authority  to  perform 
other  special  audits,  re\iews  or  investigations  deemed  necessary  by  the  state  auditor 
or  requested  by  the  governor  or  the  legislature.  The  state  auditor  is  responsible  for 
annually  auditing  and  rendering  an  opinion  on  the  states  Comprehensive  Annual 
Financial  Report  (CAFR).  He  or  she  also  issues  the  Statewide  Single  Audit  Report 
required  by  federal  law.  The  department  conducts  performance  audits  of  state  agencies 
and  programs  to  determine  the  economy,  efhciency  and  effectiveness  of  their 
operations,  as  well  as  ED?  audits  to  verify  the  reHability  and  controls  over  computer 
applications.  The  department  also  analyzes  the  quality  reviews  of  certain  non-profit 
organizations  by  public  accounting  firms. 

In  addition  to  being  state  government's  accountability  "watchdog,"  the  state 
auditor  performs  several  other  statutory  duties.  He  or  she  is  a  member  of  the  Council 
of  State,  the  Capitol  Planning  Commission,  the  Local  Government  Commission 
and  the  Information  Resource  Management  Commission. 

The  Office  of  the  State  Auditor  is  organized  into  two  major  divisions:  General 
Administration  and  Auditing. 

General  Administration  Division 

This  division,  under  the  general  supervision  of  the  state  auditors  chief  deputy, 
handles  all  administrative  matters  including  personnel,  budgeting  and  purchasing, 
as  well  as  the  overall  planning  and  coordination  of  all  departmental  activities. 

Auditing  Division 

The  Auditing  Division  conducts  financial  audits  and  reviews  of  state  agencies 
I  and  institutions  to  determine  whether  they  adhere  to  generally-accepted  accounting 

principles  and  standards.  The  audits  identify  the  specific  strengths  and  weaknesses 
j  of  each  agency's  internal  control  systems.  Auditors  also  test  the  accuracy  of  financial 
j  reports  and  whether  an  agency  complies  with  all  applicable  laws,  regulations  and 

policies. 

I  Offtce  of  the  State  Auditor  employees  conduct  performance  audits  of  selected 
programs  administered  by  state  agencies.  These  performance  audits  determine 
whether  programs  are  being  administered  as  intended  and  whether  they  are 
accomplishing  the  desired  results  in  an  effective  manner.  The  Auditing  Division 
reviews  electronic  data  processing  applications  and  controls  to  ensure  the  reliability 


193 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  accuracy  of  computer-generated  data.  The  dmsion  monitors  the  use  of  state 
funds  pro\dded  to  certain  non-profit  organizations  and  issues  an  annual  report  on 
such  activities.  The  department  conducts  special  investigations  of  possible 
embezzlements  or  misuse  of  state  property.  These  special  investigations  normally 
arise  from  specific  allegations  received  via  the  states  Fraud,  Waste  and  Abuse  Hotline 
at  (800)  730-TIPS. 

The  Audit  Divisions  managerial  team  includes  two  deputy  state  auditors  and 
eight  audit  managers  who  are  charged  with  auditing  the  major  functions  in  state 
government.  Audit  supervisors  are  based  in  Raleigh  and  m  branch  ofhces  throughout 
the  state:  Asheville,  Morganton,  Charlotte,  Greensboro,  Wmston-Salem,  Fayetteville, 
Greenville,  Elizabeth  City  and  Wilmington. 

Boards  and  Commissions 
Advisory  Council,  NCACTS 

Capital  Planning  Commission 

Council  of  State 

Education  Facilities  Finance  Agency 

Information  Resource  Management  Commission 

Local  Government  Commission 

N.C.  Local  Government  Partnership  Commission 

For  further  information  on  the  Ofhcc  o'^  the  State  Auditor,  call  (919)  807-7500 
or  fax:  (919)  807-7647.  To  report  specihc  incidents  of  fraud,  waste  or  abuse  m 
state  government,  call  the  departments  f^otline  ai  (800)-730-8477 

E-mail  information  about  fraud,  waste  or  abuse  in  state  government  to 
hotline@aud.osa. state. nc. us.  You  can  visit  the  dcparimcnts  Web  site  at: 
www.osa.state.nc.us. 


Ralph  Campbell,  Jr. 

State  Auditor 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Raleigh,  Wake  County,  on  December  7,  1946, 
to  the  late  Ralph,  Sr.,  and  the  late  June  Kay  Campbell. 

EducationalBackground 

J.  W  Ligon  High  School,  Raleigh,  1964;  B.S.  in 
Business  Administration  with  Accounting 
Concentration,  St.  Augustine's  College,  Raleigh,  1968; 
Certified  Fraud  Examiner,  1995. 


194 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

ProfesshncUBackgrnimd 

State  Auditor,  1992-Present;  Administrative  Officer,  N.C.  Department  of  Insurance, 
1990-92;  Plan  Auditor,  State  Health  Benefits  Office,  1986-90;  Field  Auditor,  N.C. 
Department  of  Revenue,  1977-86. 

PoliticalActivities 

State  Auditor,  1992-Present;  Raleigh  City  Council,  1985-1992;  Mayor  Pro-Tem, 
Raleigh  City  Council,  1989-91. 

Business/E^fessionaly  Civic/Charitable  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

President,  National  State  Auditors  Association;  Harvard  Policy  Group;  Advisory 
Council  on  Government  Auditing  Standards,  U.S.  General  Accounting  Office. 

Elective  orAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Council  of  State  1993-Present;  N.C.  Information  Resource  Management 
Commission,  1993-2004  (Chair,  2000);  North  Carolina  Local  Government 
Commission. 

Military  Service 

Served  as  SP-4,  Field  Artillery  U.S.  Army  Reserve,  1971-77. 

Honors  andAwards 

1995  Auditor  Generals  Integrity  Award,  U.S.  Department  of  Health  and  Human 
Services,  1995;  Secretary's  Award  for  Distinguished  Service,  U.S.  Department  ot 
Health  and  Human  Services,  1996;  Omega  Man  of  the  Year,  Omega  Psi  Phi  Fraternity 
1984. 

Personallnjbrmation 

Member,  St.  Ambrose  Episcopal  Church,  Raleigh,  N.C. 

State  Auditors 


Term 

1862-1864 

1864-1865 


1868-1873 
1873-1877 
1877-1881 
1881-1889 
1889-1893 
1893-1897 
1897-1901 
1901-1910 


195 


Auditors  of  Public  Accounts 

Name 

Residence 

Samuel  F  Phillips^ 

Orange 

Richard  H.  Battle^ 

Wake 

State  Auditors 

Henderson  Adams^ 

John  Reilly 

Cumberland 

Samuel  L.  Love 

Haywood 

William  R  Roberts 

Gates 

George  W.  Sandlin 

Lenoir 

Robert  M.  Furman 

Buncombe 

Hal  W.  Ayer 

Wake 

Benjamin  F  Dixon^ 

Cleveland 

State  Auditors  (Continued) 

NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Name  Residence  Term 

Benj amm  F,  Dixon ,  J r. '  Wake  1910-1911 

William  P.  Wood^  Randolph  1911-1921 

Baxter  Durham  Wake  1921-1937 

George  Ross  Pou'  Johnston  1937-1947 

Hemy  L.  Bridges^'  Guilford  1947-1981 

Edward  Renfrow'  Johnston  1981-1993 

Ralph  Campbell,  Jr."'  Wake  1993-Present 

Auditors  of  Public  Accounts 

'    Phillips  resigned  effective  Jul)'  10,  1864. 

-^  Governor  Vance,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Council  of  State,  appointed 
Battle  to  replace  Phillips.  The  General  Assembly  later  elected  Battle  to  a  regular 
term,  and  he  sen-ed  until  the  ofhce  was  abolished  m  1865. 

State  Auditors 

-    Adams  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  April,  1868. 

■*    Dixon  died  September  26,  1910. 

^  Governor  Kitchen  appointed  Benjamin  F  Dixon,  Jr.,  on  September  30,  1910,  to 
replace  his  father,  Benjamin  F  Dixon,  Sr. 

^  Wood  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1910  to  complete  the  senior  Dixon  s 
unexpired  term.  He  was  elected  to  a  full  term  m  1912. 

'    Pou  died  February  9,  1947. 

'-  Bridges  was  appointed  by  Governor  Cherry  on  Februaiy  15,  1947,  to  replace 
Pou.  He  was  elected  m  the  general  election  m  1948  and  served  until  his  retirement 
m  1981. 

'^    Renfrow  was  elected  in  1980. 

"'  Ralph  Campbell,  Jr.,  was  elected  m  1992. 


196 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  State  Treasurer 

North  Carolina's  Treasurers  Court  was  established  in  1669.  The  court  was 
responsible  for  managing  the  colony's  public  monies.  The  office  of  treasurer  was 
formally  created  m  1715.  The  lower  house  of  the  colonial  assembly  appointed 
treasurers.  Between  1740  and  1779  there  was  one  treasurer  each  for  Northern  and 
Southern  North  Carolina.  The  assembly  added  four  additional  treasurers  in  1779, 
each  serving  a  defined  geographical  area  called  a  district.  In  1782  another  district 
with  its  own  treasurer  was  created.  The  multiple-treasurer  arrangement  continued 
until  1784,  when  the  General  Assembly  eliminated  multiple  treasurers  and  assigned 
the  duties  of  the  office  to  a  single  individual  elected  by  joint  vote  of  the  two  houses 
of  the  legislature  for  a  two-year  term.  This  executive  structure  continued  until  a  new 
state  constitution  was  ratified  in  1868.  The  Constitution  of  1868  provided  for  a 
treasurer  elected  by  the  people  for  a  four-year  term.  This  arrangement  was  untouched 
by  the  new  constitution  of  1970. 

Many  of  the  Department  of  State  Treasurer's  current  duties  and  functions 
originated  in  the  constitution  of  1868.  The  constitution  formalized  the  more 
important  fiscal  duties  of  the  Department  of  State  Treasurer.  The  department's  functions 
had  varied  from  administration  to  administration  prior  to  1868.  The  department 
has  only  garnered  steady  public  notice  since  the  middle  of  the  20th  Century.  Prior 
to  then,  the  state  had  ver}'  limited  financial  resources.  The  entire  state  budget  in 
1901  —  $450,000  —  would  currently  fund  one  public  high  school  in  North 
'Carolina  for  about  a  month. 

Only  twelve  men  have  occupied  the  office  of  state  treasurer  since  1868.  Benjamin 
R.  Lacy  of  Wake  County  held  ofhce  the  longest  of  any  post-war  treasurer.  Lacy 
served  from  1901  to  1928.  Edwin  Gill  of  Scotland  County,  who  served  from  1953 
until  1977,  had  the  second-longest  tenure  m  office  of  all  post-war  treasurers.  The 
all-time  record  for  tenure  m  office  by  a  treasurer,  however,  still  belongs  to  John 
: Haywood.  Haywood  ser\'ed  the  state  for  40  years,  from  1787  to  1827. 

North  Carolina's  state  treasurers  have  long  enjoyed  a  nationwide  reputation  for 
fiscal  integrity  and  financial  responsibiUty  Edwin  Gill,  m  particular,  did  much  to 
earn  that  widespread  public  trust  by  establishing  and  maintaining  high  professional 
standards  for  the  department  during  his  administration.  As  a  result.  North  Carolina 
received  the  coveted  Triple-A  credit  rating  for  the  hrst  time  in  the  early  1960s.  The 
rating,  which  North  Carolina  has  carefully  maintained  ever  since,  saves  state  taxpayers 
tens  of  millions  of  dollars  each  year  through  lower  interest  rates  on  the  state's  long- 
term  debts. 

I  Richard  Moore,  current  North  Carolina  State  Treasurer,  who  was  elected  to  his 
I  first  term  m  2000,  is  continuing  to  follow  the  same  high  standards  of  fiscal  integrity 
jjlthat  have  characterized  North  Carolina's  public  finance  system  for  the  past  half  century 
i  As  State  Treasurer,  Moore  has  taken  steps  to  put  rigorous  investment  standards  in 


197 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

place,  expand  outreach  of  the  Escheats  and  Unclaimed  Property  Program  and  promote 
the  cause  of  financial  literacy  among  North  Carolina  citizens. 

As  the  states  banker  and  custodian  of  public  monies,  the  Department  of  State 
Treasurer  has  become  one  of  the  most  important  agencies  in  the  executive  branch. 
The  state  treasurer  has  more  constitutional  and  legislatively-assigned  duties  than 
any  other  public  olTicial  m  the  state  other  than  the  governor.  The  treasurer  is  a 
member  of  the  Council  of  State,  presiding  officer  ot  the  Local  Government 
Commission  and  chair  of  the  Tax  Review  Board,  the  State  Banking  Commission, 
the  Teachers  and  State  Employees  Retirement  System  Board  of  Trustees  and  the 
North  Carolina  Educational  Facilities  Finance  Agency  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
State  Board  o^  Community  Colleges,  the  State  Board  of  Education  and  the  Global 
TransPark  Authority 

Despite  Its  tremendous  administrative  responsibilities  and  wide-ranging  duties, 
the  Department  of  State  Treasurer  is  one  of  the  smallest  agencies  m  the  executive 
branch.  The  department  currently  employs  316  people  and  has  an  annual  budget 
of  $27.6  million. 

Retirement  Systems 

The  Retirement  Systems  Dmsion  administers  the  four  statutory  retirement  and 
eight  fringe  benefit  plans  that  cover  the  states  public  employees.  Administration  of 
the  several  retirement  systems  and  beneht  plans  requires  a  high  level  of  fiduciaiy 
responsibility  for  the  employees"  trust  funds  entailing  the  prudent  and  elticient  use 
of  employee  and  taxpayer  contributions. 

These  retirement  systems  and  beneht  plans  help  the  state  recruit  and  retain 
competent  employees  for  a  career  m  public  ser\'ice,  They  provide  replacement  income 
for  employee  retirement  or  disabiUty  and  death  benehts  for  an  employees  survivors. 
More  than  680,000  active  and  retired  public  employees  and  their  dependents  rely 
on  these  retirement  and  fringe  benefit  plans  for  a  substantial  portion  of  their  long- 
term  financial  stability  The  division  administers  the  Teachers'  and  State  Employees' 
Retirement  System;  the  Local  Go\'ernmental  Employees'  Retirement  System;  the 
Consolidated  Judicial  Retirement  System;  and  the  Legislative  Retirement  System. 

Two  boards  of  trustees  govern  these  systems.  The  state  treasurer  is  ex-officio 
chairman  of  each  board.  The  board  of  the  Teachers'  and  State  Employees'  Retirement 
System  is  composed  of  14  actively-working  employees,  retirees  and  public  members. 
The  Local  Governmental  Employees'  Retirement  System  Board,  while  legally  separate, 
is  composed  of  the  same  14  members  plus  three  additional  members  representing 
local  governments. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Teachers'  and  State  Employees'  Retirement  System 
IS  the  governing  board  of  the  Consolidated  Judicial  and  Legislative  Retirement 
Systems  m  addition  to  all  other  programs  administered  by  the  division,  except  lor 
the  Firemen's  and  Rescue  Sciuad  Workers  Pension  Fund.  That  fund  is  governed  by 

198 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

a  separate  board  of  trustees,  which  is  composed  of  six  members,  wdth  the  state 
treasurer  ser\ang  as  ex-officio  chairman. 

All  retirement  systems  are  joint  contributory-defined  benefit  plans  with 
contributions  made  by  both  employees  and  employers.  Each  active  member 
contributes  six  percent  (6%)  of  his  compensation  for  creditable  ser\ice  by  monthly 
payroll  deduction.  The  only  exception  to  this  member  contribution  rate  is  the 
Legislative  Retirement  System  to  which  each  active  member  contributes  seven  percent 
(7%)  of  his  compensation.  Employers  make  monthly  contributions  based  on  a 
percentage  rate  of  the  members'  compensation  for  the  month.  Employer  contribution 
rates  are  actuarially  calculated. 

The  Retirement  Systems  Division  also  administers  the  Separate  Insurance  Benefits 
Plan;  the  Disability  Income  Plan;  the  Legislative  Retirement  Fund;  the  National 
Guard  Pension  Plan;  the  Teachers  and  State  Employees  Death  Benefit  Trust;  the 
Supplemental  Retirement  Income  Plan;  the  Registers  of  Deeds'  Supplemental  Pension 
Fund;  the  Contributory  Death  Benefit  for  Retired  Members;  the  Firemen's  and  Rescue 
Squad  Workers'  Pension  Fund.  The  division  also  acts  as  State  Social  Security 
Administrators. 

The  department's  consistent  use  of  conservative  actuarial  assumptions  and  an 
approved  actuarial  cost  method  over  the  years  since  the  establishment  of  the  retirement 
systems  and  benefit  plans  have  resulted  in  retirement  systems  which  can  be  labeled 
as  "actuarially  sound." 

The  division's  administrative  expenses  are  paid  by  receipts  from  the  systems 
based  on  the  ratio  of  members  in  each  system  to  the  total  number  of  members  of  all 
systems.  Receipt  support  from  other  programs  pays  for  their  cost  of  administration 
based  on  a  cost-center  analysis,  except  for  the  Firemen's  and  Rescue  Squad  Workers' 
Pension  Fund,  which  is  funded  by  direct  appropriation  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Investments 

The  Investment  Division  serves  as  the  state's  chief  investment  ofhcer  by 
administering  the  State  Funds  Cash  Management  and  Trust  Funds  Investment 
Programs.  State  law  requires  the  Department  of  State  Treasurer  to  "establish,  maintain, 
administer,  manage  and  operate"  investment  programs  for  all  state  funds  on  deposit. 
The  department  has  full  fiduciary  responsibility  for  these  investment  programs. 
State  law  requires  that  the  programs  be  structured  so  investments  can  be  readily 
converted  to  cash  when  needed.  The  state's  constitution  forbids  the  use  of  assets  in 
retirement  system  funds  for  any  purpose  other  than  providing  retirement  benefits, 
administrative  expenses  and  refunds.  The  State  Funds  Cash  Management  program 
holds  $9  million. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Financial  Operations 

The  Financial  Operations  Division  serves  as  the  stales  banker  by  receiving  and  i 
disbursing  all  state  monies.  The  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  has  provided  | 
a  centralized  system  for  managing  the  flow  of  monies  collected  and  disbursed  by  all  ' 
state  departments,  agencies,  institutions  and  universities.  That  system  is  centralized 
in  this  division.  The  Department  of  State  Treasurer  provides  each  state  agency  the 
same  services  that  a  commercial  bank  would  normally  provide.  This  system  assures 
that  the  state  itself  is  the  prime  beneficiary  of  the  flow  of  funds  through  the  commercial 
banking  system  in  the  course  of  conducting  state  business. 

State  and  Local  Government  Finance 

The  State  and  Local  Government  Finance  Division  provides  the  state  treasurer 
with  staff  assistance  in  a  variety  of  areas.  It  provides  staff  support  to  the  Local 
Government  Commission  and  the  North  Carolina  Capital  Facilities  Finance  Agency. 

The  division  provides  two  major  types  of  services  —  debt  management  and 
hscal  management  —  to  state  and  local  governments.  The  deputy  treasurer  who 
leads  the  State  and  Local  Government  Finance  Division  also  ser\TS  as  secretary  of 
the  Local  Government  Commission.  The  Local  Government  Commission  approves 
the  issuance  of  the  indebtedness  of  all  units  of  local  government  and  assists  these 
units  m  the  area  of  hscal  management.  The  commissions  nine  members  include  the 
State  Treasurer,  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  State  Auditor,  the  Secretary  of  Revenue,  as 
v/ell  as  three  members  appointed  by  the  governor,  one  by  the  lieutenant  governor 
and  one  by  the  Speaker  of  the  North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives.  The  State 
Treasurer  serves  as  chairman. 

The  State  Treasurer  is  responsible  for  the  issuance  and  service  of  all  state  debts 
secured  by  a  pledge  of  the  taxing  povv^er  of  the  state.  After  approval  ot  a  bond  issue, 
the  division  assists  in  determining  the  cash  needs  and  most  appropriate  time  for 
scheduling  bond  sales  after  consultation  with  other  state  agencies.  It  plans  for 
repayment  of  the  debt  and  prepares,  with  the  advice  and  cooperation  of  bond  counsel 
and  the  assistance  of  other  state  agencies,  the  ofhcial  statement  describing  the  bond 
issue  and  other  required  disclosures  about  the  state.  The  division  also  participates 
in  the  actual  sale  and  deliveiy  oi  the  bonds. 

Division  staff  maintain  state  bond  records  and  a  register  of  bonds  and  initiate 
debt  service  payments  as  they  become  due.  In  addition,  the  division  is  responsible 
for  the  authorization  and  issuance  of  revenue  bonds  for  the  North  Carolina  Medical 
Care  Commission;  the  North  Carolina  Housing  Finance  Agency;  the  North  Carolina 
Municipal  Power  Agency  Number  1;  the  North  Carolina  Eastern  Municipal  Power 
Agency  and  the  North  Carolina  Educational  Facilities  Finance  Agency 

Division  staff  provide  technical  assistance  m  hnancial  matters  within  the 
Department  of  State  Treasurer  and  to  other  state  agencies. 


200 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  State  and  Local  Government  Finance  Division  provides  technical  assistance 
on  financial  matters  to  local  governments  and  public  authorities  across  North 
Carolina  through  the  Local  Government  Commission.  The  divisions  staff  makes 
recommendations  to  the  commission  on  the  approval,  sale  and  delivery  of  all  North 
Carolina  local  government  bonds  and  notes.  The  Local  Government  Commission 
must  approve  any  proposed  issue  before  local  governments  can  incur  that  debt. 
The  commission  examines  the  necessity  for  the  issue,  the  size  of  the  issue,  the  local 
governments  debt  management  policy,  the  local  taxes  that  will  be  needed  to  service 
the  debt  and  the  abiUty  of  the  unit  to  repay  After  the  commission  grants  approval  of 
the  debt  issue,  the  local  government  and  its  bond  counsel  work  with  State  and 
Local  Government  Finance  Division  staff  to  gather  and  assemble  information  for  an 
official  statement  that  is  mailed  to  a  large  group  of  investment  bankers  nationwide. 
i  The  general  obligation  bonds  are  awarded  through  the  competitive  bid  process  on 
the  basis  of  lowest  total  net  interest  cost  to  the  local  government.  After  the  sale,  the 
staff  delivers  and  vahdates  the  definitive  bonds  and  ensures  that  the  monies  are 
promptly  transferred  from  the  buying  brokers  to  the  government  unit. 

A  second  key  divisional  function  is  monitoring  certain  fiscal  and  accounting 
I  standards  prescribed  for  local  governments  by  the  Local  Government  Budget  and 
'  Fiscal  Control  Act.  The  division  furnishes  on-site  assistance  to  local  governments 

concerning  existing  financial  and  accounting  systems  as  well  as  new  systems. 

Division  staff  strive  to  ensure  that  local  governments  follow  generally-accepted 
,  accounting  principles,  systems  and  practices.  The  division  staff  counsels  local  units 

in  treasury  and  cash  management  budget  preparation,  as  well  as  investment  policies 

and  procedures.  The  division  also  provides  educational  programs  for  local 
I  governments  in  the  form  of  seminars  and  classes.  Division  staff  examine  and  analyze 
i  annual  audited  financial  statements  and  other  required  reports  from  local 
;  governments.  Information  from  these  reports  is  compiled  and  provided  to  local 
;  government  officials  and  outside  organizations  to  enhance  the  management  of  public 
!  funds.  The  Local  Government  Budget  and  Fiscal  Control  Act  requires  each  unit  of 
■  local  government  to  have  its  accounts  audited  annually  by  a  certified  public 
'  accountant  or  by  an  accountant  certified  by  the  commission  as  quaUfied  to  audit 
j  local  government  accounts.  The  department  provides  continued  assistance  to  the 
)  independent  auditors  through  individual  assistance  and  continuing  professional 

education. 

NC  Cash  Unclaimed  Property  Program 

j  The  NC  Cash  Unclaimed  Property  Program  is  responsible  for  holding  funds 
j  and  property  when  the  rightful  owner  cannot  be  located.  Individuals  and  businesses 
I  turn  over  funds  such  as  abandoned  bank  accounts  and  uncashed  checks  to  the 
\  program.  The  program  also  receives  tangible  property  such  as  the  contents  ot 
!'  unclaimed  safe  deposit  boxes.  Unclaimed  Property  staff  attempt  to  return  this 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

property  to  its  rightful  owners  whenever  possible.  The  department  invests  the  monies 
and  uses  the  interest  earned  to  provide  financial  assistance  to  needy  and  worthy 
students  attending  state-supported  institutions  of  higher  education. 

Boards  and  Commissions 

Boai  d  of  Tioistees  of  the  N.C.  Local  Governmental  Employees 
Retii'ementSystem 

Boaid  ofTioistees  Teachers'  and  State  Employees'  Retirement  System 

Local  Govemment  Commission 

N.C.  Capital  Facilities  Finance  Agency  Boaid  of  Directors 


For  more  information  about  the  Department  of  State  Treasurer,  call  (919)  508- 
5176  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  www.nctreasurer.com 


MM^ 


iti 

iff 


•ft 

-111  I 

•Sit 


Richard  Hancock  Moore 

State  Treasurer 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Granville  County  on  August  30,  1960,  to 
G.  Tmgley  and  Lucy  Hancock  Moore. 

Educaticon 

J.F.  Webb  High  School,  Oxford,  1978;  B.A.  m 
History,  Wake  Forest  University,  1982;  Graduate 
Degree  m  Accounting  and  Finance,  London  School 
of  Economics,  1984;  J.D.,  Wake  Forest  Umversit)' 
School  of  Law,  1986. 

ProfessionalBackgrx)und 

State  Treasurer.  Federal  Judicial  Clerk,  Hayden  W. 
Head,  Jr.,  United  States  District  Judge;  Associate,  Fmley  Kumble,  Wagner,  Heine, 
Underberg,  Manley  Myerson  &  Casey;  Associate,  Laxalt,  Washington,  Perito  & 
Dubuc;  Assistant  United  States  Attorney  Fastern  District  of  North  Carolina,  Criminal 
Division;  Attorney,  Zollicoffer  &  Long. 

Political  Activities 

State  Treasurer,  2001-Present;  Secretary  N.C.  Department  of  Crime  Control  and 
Public  Safety,  1995-1999;  Representative,  22nd  District,  N.C.  House  of 
Representatives,  1993-1994. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

Council  of  State;  Chair,  Local  Government  Commission;  Chair,  Board  of  Trustees, 
Teachers'  and  State  Employees'  Retirement  System. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Honors  andAwards 

Honorary  Lifetime  Member,  N.C.  State  Highway  Patrol;  Honorary  Lifetime  Member, 
N.C.  National  Guard  Association;  Order  of  the  Long  Leaf  Pine. 

Personallnfonnation 

Married,  Noel  Crook  Moore.  Three  children.  Member,  St.  Stephens  Episcopal  Church, 
Oxford. 

State  Treasurers 


Colonial  Treasurers' 

Name 

Term 

Edward  Moseley' 

1715-1735 

William  Smith^ 

1735 

William  Downing'* 

1735-1739 

Edward  Moseley^ 

1735-1749 

William  Smith^ 

1739-1740 

John  Hodgson^ 

1740-1748 

Thomas  Barker*^ 

1748-1752 

Eleazer  Allen^ 

1749-1750 

John  Starkey^*-^ 

1750-1765 

John  Haywood^^ 

1752-1754 

Thomas  Barker^-^ 

1754-1764 

Joseph  Montford^' 

1764-1775 

Samuel  Swann^'^ 

1765-1766 

John  Ashe^^ 

1766-1773 

Richard  Caswell"^ 

1773-1775 

Samuel  Johnston^^ 

1775 

Richard  CaswelP^ 

1775 

State  Treasurers 

Name 

Residence 

Term 

Samuel  Johnston^"^ 

Chowan 

1775-1777 

Richard  CaswelP° 

Dobbs 

1775-1776 

John  Ashe^^ 

New  Hanover 

1777-1779 

William  Skmner^^ 

Perquimans 

1777-1784 

Green  Hill 

Franklin 

1779-1784 

Richard  Cogdell 

Craven 

1779-1782 

William  Cathey 

Rowan 

1779-1781 

John  Ashe 

New  Hanover 

1779-1781 

Matthew  Jones 

Chatham 

1779-1782 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


State  Treasurers  (continued) 

Name 

Timothy  Bloodworth 
Robert  Lanier 
Memucan  Hunt'^ 
John  Brown 
Benjamin  Exuni 
Joseph  Cain 
WilUam  Locke 
Memucan  Hunt 
John  Haywood^"* 
WiUiam  Robards 
William  S.  Mhoon 
Samuel  L  Patterson-^ 
Daniel  W.  Courts-*^ 
Charles  L.  Hmton 
John  H.  Wheeler 
Charles  L.  Hmton 
Daniel  W  Courts 
Jonathan  Worth-' 
William  Sloan-'"^ 
Kemp  P.  Battle-^' 
David  A.  Jenkins ''^ 
John  M.  Worth'' 
Donald  W  Bam'- 
Samuel  McD.  Tate" 
William  H.  Worth 
Benjamin  R.  Lacy^'^ 
Nathan  O'Berr)'^' 
John  P  Stedman'*' 
Charles  M.  Johnson^''' 
Brandon  P  Hodges' 
Edwm  M.  GilP^^ 
Harlan  E.  Boyles'^' 
Richard  H.  Moore 


-38 


Residence 

Term 

Surry 

1780-1784 

New  Hanover 

1780-1783 

Granville 

1782-1784 

Wilkes 

1782-1784 

Dobbs 

1782-1784 

New  Hanover 

1783-1784 

Rowan 

1784 

Granville 

1784-1787 

Edgecombe 

1787-1827 

Granville 

1827-1830 

Bertie 

1831-1835 

Wilkes 

1835-1837 

Surr)' 

1837-1839 

Wake 

1839-1843 

Lincoln 

1843-1845 

Wake 

1845-1851 

Surry 

1851-1862 

Randolph 

1862-1865 

Anson 

1865-1866 

Wake 

1866-1868 

Gaston 

1868-1876 

Randolph 

1876-1885 

Wake 

1885-1892 

Burke 

1892-1895 

Guilford 

1895-1901 

Wake 

1901-1929 

Wayne 

1929-1932 

Wake 

1932 

Pender 

1933-1949 

Buncombe 

1949-1953 

Scotland 

1953-1977 

Wake 

1977-2000 

Vance 

2001 -Present 

Colonial  Treasurers 

'  The  lower  house  of  the  colonial  assembly  reser\'ed  the  right  to  appoint  colonial 
treasurers.  This  policy  combined  with  the  extensive  control  the  assembly  already 
exercised  o\'er  the  colony s  hnancial  affairs,  proved  to  be  a  constant  source  of 
friction  between  the  governor  and  the  lower  house. 


204 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Treasurers  were  usually  appointed  in  conjunction  wdth  money  bills  during  the 
early  years  of  the  office.  Later,  however,  they  were  appointed  via  bills  passed 
specifically  for  the  purpose  of  appointing  treasurers.  The  assembly  apparently 
first  appointed  treasurers  during  the  Tuscarora  War  of  1711,  when  several 
commissioners  were  appointed  to  issue  paper  currency  This  practice  continued 
until  1731,  when  George  Burrington,  North  Carolina's  first  royal  governor, 
questioned  the  assembly's  right  to  appoint  treasurers  and  instead  tried  to  appoint 
his  own  treasurer.  The  lower  house  resisted  this  infringement  upon  its  traditional 
rights  and  Burrington  sought  support  from  royal  authorities  in  England.  Crown 
officials,  anxious  about  upsetting  the  lower  house,  hesitated  to  support  Burrington 
and  successive  colonial  governors  on  the  issue. 

By  1729  the  complexity  of  the  colony's  finances  had  become  so  great  that  the 
assembly  created  the  office  of  precinct  treasurer.  The  assembly  submitted  a  list  of 
two  or  three  nominees  to  the  governor  for  a  final  decision.  The  practice  of  "filling 
the  offices  of  precinct  treasurer  seems  to  have  fallen  into  disuse"  by  1735  when 
there  apparently  were  only  two  treasurers  for  the  entire  province  —  one  for  the 
northern  district  and  one  for  the  southern.  This  division  continued  for  the 
remainder  of  the  colonial  period. 

^  Moseley,  one  of  the  commissioners  selected  to  issue  paper  currency  m  1711, 
was  apparently  appointed  public  treasurer  in  1715.  He  seems  to  have  served 
continuously  until  1735,  when  the  assembly  divided  the  office  of  treasurer  into 
two  positions:  a  treasurer  appointed  for  the  northern  district  and  another  appointed 
for  the  southern.  The  assembly  named  Moseley  treasurer  of  the  southern  district 
and  he  continued  m  that  capacity  until  his  death  in  1749. 

^  Governor  Burrington  and  the  council  appointed  Smith,  but  there  is  no  evidence 
that  he  ever  sensed.  This  may  have  been  due  to  the  response  of  the  lower  house 
to  Smith's  appointment. 

^  The  legislature  appointed  Downing  treasurer  for  the  northern  district  and  he 
ser\'ed  until  his  death  in  1739. 

^    See  footnote  2. 

^   The  governor  and  council  appointed  Smith  on  November  21,  1739,  to  act  as 

temporary  treasurer  following  Downing's  death. 
'    The  assembly  appointed  Hodgson  m  August,  1740,  to  replace  Downing.  He 

serv'ed  until  1748. 
^   The  assembly  appointed  Barker  m  April,  1748.  He  served  until  he  resigned  in 

1752. 
'    The  general  assembly  appointed  Allen  in  November,  1749,  to  replace  Moseley 

He  served  until  his  death  m  1750. 


205 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

^^  Starkey  was  appointed  in  July,  1750,  to  replace  Eleazer  Allen.  He  served  as  one  of 
the  colonys  two  district  treasurers  until  his  death  m  1765. 

^ '  Ha)'wood  was  appointed  to  replace  Barker  and  served  until  he  apparently  resigned 
m  1754. 

'•^  Barker  was  appointed  in  1754  to  replace  Haywood  and  sensed  until  he  apparently 
resigned  in  1764. 

'^  Montlord  was  appointed  m  Febmary  1764,  to  replace  Barker  and  served  until 
1775. 

'■*  Governor  Tryon  appointed  Swann  in  1765  to  act  as  a  temporary  replacement  for 
the  deceased  Starkey 

''  Ashe  was  appointed  m  November  1766  to  replace  Starkey.  He  served  until  he 
was  replaced  by  Caswell  m  1773. 

'"  Caswell  was  appointed  m  1773  to  replace  Ashe.  He  sewed  until  the  collapse  of 
the  royalist  government  m  1775.  ''An  Act  for  appointing  Public  Treasurers,  and 
directing  their  duty  m  ofiice,"  Chapter  V,  Laws  of  North  Carolina,  Clark,  State 
Records,  XXIII,  904-906. 

^'Johnston  and  Caswell  were  appointed  treasurers  of  the  northern  and  southern 
districts  respectively  on  September  8,  1775,  by  the  provincial  congress.  Caswell 
ser\Td  until  his  election  as  governor  m  1776.  Johnston  served  until  1777  when 
ill  health  forced  him  to  decline  re-election. 

"^  See  footnote  17. 

State  Treasurers 

^"  See  footnote  17. 

^^^  See  footnote  17. 

-'  Ashe  was  elected  to  replace  Caswell.  I 

'-  Governor  Caswell,  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  council,  appointed  Skinner  j 
to  replace  Johnston.  The  legislature  elected  Skinner  to  a  regular  term.  He  ser\'ed  ' 
continuously  until  the  district  system  was  abandoned  in  1784. 

^-'  Hunt  was  the  first  sole  treasurer  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  In  1786  charges  j 
of  misconduct  were  brought  against  him  by  a  "Secret  Committee  ol  the  General  ; 
Assembly"  A  joint  session  of  the  House  and  Senate  heard  the  allegations  against  j 
Hunt  on  December  28.  Two  days  later  he  was  defeated  for  re-election  by  John  i 
Haywood. 

-■^  Haywood  died  on  November  18,  1827,  while  still  m  office,  having  ser\'ed  for 
thirty  years  as  state  treasurer. 

'^^  Patterson  was  elected  m  1834  to  replace  Mhoon.  He  was  re-elected  in  1835,  but 
failed  to  give  bond  within  the  prescribed  fifteen-day  time  period.  His  failure  to  j 


206 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

act  in  a  timely  manner  voided  his  election.  Governor  Spaight,  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  council,  then  appointed  Patterson  to  the  office  of  treasurer.  He 
declined  to  run  for  re-election  m  1836. 

^^  Court's  resignation  was  presented  to  the  council  on  April  15,  1839. 

^^  Worth  served  until  the  end  of  the  war.  When  the  provisional  government  took 
over.  Governor  Holden  appointed  him  treasurer.  Worth  resigned  on  November 
15,  1865. 

^^  Governor  Holden  appomted  Sloan  to  replace  Worth.  He  served  until  the  new 
government  took  over. 

^'^  Battle  was  elected  by  the  new  General  Assembly  and  began  serving  on  Januar}'  1, 
1866.  He  continued  in  office  until  the  new  constitution  went  into  effect  in  1868. 

^'^  Jenkins  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  April,  1868,  and  ser\^ed  following 
re-election  in  1872  until  his  resignation  on  November  6,  1876. 

^^  Governor  Brogden  appointed  Worth  on  November  10,  1876.  He  had  already 
been  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1876. 

^^  Bam  died  November  16,  1892. 

^"^  Governor  Holt  appointed  Tate  on  November  19,  1892,  to  replace  Bain.  Worth 
defeated  him  in  a  special  election  in  1894. 

^■^  Lacy  died  February  21,  1929. 

^5  Governor  Gardner  appointed  O'Berry  on  February  23,  1929,  to  replace  Lacy 
O'Berry  served  until  his  death  on  January  6,  1932. 

^^  Governor  Gardner  appointed  Stedman  on  January  7,  1932,  to  replace  O'Berry. 
He  resigned  effective  November  21,  1932. 

^■^  Governor  Gardner  appointed  Johnson  on  November  7,  1932,  to  take  office 
November  11.  Johnson,  however,  failed  to  qualify  at  that  time.  He  had  already 
been  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1932. 

^^  Hodges  resigned  in  June,  1953. 

^^  Governor  Umstead  appointed  Gill  on  June  29,  1953,  to  replace  Hodges.  He  was 
elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1954  to  complete  Hodges'  unexpired  term.  Gill 
was  elected  to  a  full  term  in  1956  and  served  until  his  retirement  in  1977. 

'^^  Boyles  was  elected  in  November,  1976. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Department  of  Public  Instruction 

The  Dcpariment  of  Public  Instruction,  under  the  leadership  of  the  State  Board 
of  Education,  establishes  and  administers  overall  policy  for  North  Carolina's  pubUc 
schools.  The  N.C.  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  whose  office  was 
established  m  the  state  constitution,  manages  the  department  and  administers  the 
policies  established  by  the  board.  The  state  board  adopts  rules  and  regulations  for 
the  states  public  schools  that  are  consistent  with  other  laws  enacted  by  the  General 
Assembly  Members  of  the  board  include  the  lieutenant  governor,  the  state  treasurer 
and  eleven  gubernatorial  appointees,  who  are  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  General 
Assembly  in  joint  session.  The  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  serves  as 
secretaiy  to  the  board. 

The  North  Carolina  Department  of  Public  Instruction  was  formed  m  December, 
1852,  although  the  current  title  and  specific  delineation  of  responsibilities  were 
first  set  forth  in  the  Constitution  of  1868.  The  head  of  the  department  originally 
went  by  the  title  "superintendent  of  common  schools,"  but  that  office  was  abolished 
in  1865.  Today  the  superintendent  of  public  instruction  is  elected  by  vote  of  the 
people  to  a  four-year  term.  He  or  she  is  a  member  of  the  Council  ot  State. 

The  Department  of  Public  Instructions  primary  mission  is  to  ensure  that  a 
"general  and  uniform  system  of  free  public  schools  shall  be  provided  throughout 
the  State,  wherein  equal  opportunities  shall  be  provided  lor  all  students."  The 
department  allocates  to  local  education  agencies  state  funds  appropriated  by  the 
General  Assembly  and  federal  public  education  funds  to  local  public  school  systems 
across  the  state.  Department  staff  monitor  the  expenditure  of  that  money  draft  rules 
and  regulations,  collect  statistical  data  of  both  general  and  specific  nature  on  schools, 
expenditures  and  student  progress.  The  department  provides  local  public  school 
systems  with  consultant  services  on  fiscal  and  curriculum  issues. 

The  Department  of  Public  Instruction  is  organized  under  the  state  superintendent 
into  three  program  areas,  each  headed  by  an  associate  state  superintendent  and  each 
reporting  directly  to  a  deputy  state  superintendent.  In  addition  to  the  three  primar)' 
program  areas,  the  Communications  and  Information  Division  and  the  Oltice  of 
Education  Reform  report  directly  to  the  State  Superintendent.  The  N.C.  Board  ol 
Education  has  several  staff  members,  including  a  legislative  director.  The  three  primaiy 
program  areas  are: 

Instructional  and  Accountability  Services 

This  area  encompasses  the  Office  of  Charter  Schools,  the  Division  of 
Accountability  Services,  the  Division  of  Exceptional  Children,  the  Division  of 
Instructional  Services  and  the  Division  of  School  Improvement. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Information  and  Technology  Services 

This  area  includes  the  Administrative  Applications  Division,  the  Instructional 
Technologies  Division  and  the  Networking  Technologies  Division. 

Financial  and  Personnel  Services 

This  area  includes  the  Division  of  Financial  Services,  the  Division  of  Human 
Resources  Management,  the  Division  of  School  Business  and  the  Division  of  School 
Support. 

Boards  and  Commissions 

Basic  Education  Program  Advisory  Committee:  Contact  Dr.  Henry 
Johnson,  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C. 
27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1506. 

Board  of  Governors  for  Governor's  Schools  East  and  West:  Contact 
Nancy  Doherty,  Division  of  Exceptional  Children,  Education  Building, 
301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715- 
1994. 

Commission  on  School  Technology:  Contact  Elsie  Brumback, 
Instructional  Technology  Services,  Education  Building,  301  N. 
Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1530. 

Council  on  Educational  Services  for  Exceptional  Children:  Contact  Mary 
Watson,  Monitor,  Due  Process  and  Parents'  Rights,  Exceptional  Children 
Services,  Education  Building,  301 N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C. 
27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1587. 

N.C.  Advisory  Committee  for  Services  to  Children  with  Deaf-Blindness: 

Contact  Chris  Jones,  Deaf- Blind,  Multihandicapped  and  Severely/ 
Profoundly  Handicapped  Programs,  Division  of  Exceptional  Children, 
Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825; 
Phone,  (919)  715-1998. 

N.C.  Migrant  Education  Parent  Advisory  Council:  Contact  Emmett 
Kimbrough,  Migrant  Education,  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington 
St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1356. 

N.C.  Professional  Teachhig  Standards  Commission:  Contact  Peggy 
Hopkins,  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C. 
27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1163. 

North  Carolina  School  hnprovement  Panel:  Contact  Judy  White, 
Dhector,  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C. 
27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1309. 


209 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

North  Cai  olina  Standards  Board  for  Public  School  Administration: 

Contact  Linda  Stevens,  Executive  Director,  Room  324,  Education 
Building,  301  N.  Wihnington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919) 
715-2050. 

North  Carolina  Textbook  Commission:  Contact  Ann  Fowler,  Consultant, 
Department  of  Public  Instruction,  Education  Building,  301  N. 
Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1893. 

Personnel  Admuiistration  Commission  for  Public  School  Employees: 

Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St..  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825; 
Phone,  (919)715-1095. 

Professional  Practices  Commission:  Contact  Gloria  Bowman,  Division  of 
Human  Resources  Management,  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington 
St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1146. 

Professional  Review  Committee:  Contact  Harry  Wilson,  Education 
Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919) 
715-1310. 

Sports  Medicine  Advisory  Commission:  Contact  Kymm  BaUai  d.  Division 
of  Instructional  Services,  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St., 
Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1823. 

State  Advisory  Council  on  Indian  Education:  Contact  PrisciUa  Maynor, 
Consultant,  Division  of  Exceptional  Children,  Education  Building,  301  N. 
Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1587. 

State  Evaluation  Committee:  Contact  Domia  Simmons,  Division  of 
Human  Resource  Management.  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington 
St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1147. 

State  School  Food  Distribution  Advisory  Council:  Contact  Gary  W.  Gay, 
Food  Distribution  Division,  N.C.  Department  of  Agriculture,  P.O.  Box 
659,  Butner,  N.C.  27509-0659;  Phone,  (919)  575-4490;  Fax,  (919)  575- 
4143. 

State  Selection  Committee  for  Teacher  of  the  Year*:  Contact  Jean 
Blackmon-Brauer,  Division  of  Human  Resources  Management,  Education 
Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St..  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919) 
715-1149. 

Task  Force  on  Vocational  and  Technical  Education:  Cbntact  June 
Atkinson,  Division  of  Vocational  and  Technical  Education,  Education 
Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone.  (919) 
715-1626. 

Title  1  Committee  of  Practitioners:  Contact  BillMcGrady,  Compensatoiy 
Education,  Division  of  Human  Resource  Management,  Education 
Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St.,  Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919) 
715-1356. 


210 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Vocational  Education  Program  Area  Advisory  Committees:  Workforce 
Development  Education,  Education  Building,  301  N.  Wilmington  St., 
Raleigh,  N.C.  27601-2825.  Contact  persons  are: 

Agricultural  Education:  K.C.  Beavers,  Consultant,  DPI,  (919)  715- 
1703  and  Marshall  Stewart,  Consultant,  N.C.  State  University,  (919) 
515-1681. 

Business  Education:  Ken  Smith,  Section  Chief,  (919)  715-1661. 

Family  and  Consumer  Sciences  Education:  Phyllis  West,  Consultant, 
(919)  715-1779. 

Health  Occupations  Education:  Nancy  Raynor,  Section  Chief,  (919) 
715-1765. 

Marketing  Education:  Ken  Smith,  Section  Chief,  (919)  715-1661. 

Technology  Education:  Deborah  Shumate,  Consultant,  (919)  715- 
1715. 

Trade  and  Industrial  Education:  Bob  Dickerson,  Consultant,  (919) 
715-1708. 

Workforce  Development  Committee  of  Practitioners:  Contact  Don 
Brannon,  Workforce  Education  Development,  Division  of  Human 
Resource  Management,  Education  Building,  301 N.  Wilmington  St., 
Raleigh,  NC  27601-2825;  Phone,  (919)  715-1647. 

For  more  information  on  the  N.C.  Department  of  Public  Instruction,  call  (919) 
715-1000  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site,  the  DPI  Info  Web,  at 
www.dpi.state.nc.us. 


211 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Patricia  Nickens  Willoughby 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  m  C^Trecnvillc,  Put  County,  April  13,  1951,  to  C.  Graham  and  Inez  Sasser 
Nickens. 

EducationalBacfzground 

Graduate,  Tabor  City  High  School,  1969;  North  Carolina  Wesleyan  College,  1969- 
71;  A.B.,  Early  Childhood  Education,  UNC-CH,  1973;  M.  Ed.,  Reading,  Meredith 
College,  1990. 

Pix)fessiotialBcicIigtr)und 

Educator;  State  Superintendent,  Department  of  Public  Instruction 

Political  Activities 

N.C.  Superintendent  ol~  Public  Instruction,  September,  2004-Present. 

Business/PiX)fessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Phi  Delta  Kappa;  Motheread;  International  Reading  Association. 

Elective  or  AppoijitedBoaixls  and  Commissions 

State  Board  of  Education,  2001-2004.. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Colon  Willoughby  Two  children.  Member,  White  Memorial  Presbyterian 
Church,  Raleigh. 


Superintendents  of  Public  Instruction 

Siipetintendent  of  Common  Schools 


Name 

Calvin  H.  Wiley' 
Samuel  S.  Ashley' 
Alexander  Mclver' 
James  C.  Reid"* 
Kemp  P  Battle' 
Stephen  D.  Pool'^ 
John  Pool' 
John  C.  Scarborough 
Sidney  M.  Finger 
John  C.  Scarborough 
Charles  H.  Mebane 


Residence 
Guilford 
New  Hanover 
Guilford 

Wake 

Craven 

Pascjuotank 

Johnston 

Catawba 

Hertford 

Catawba 


Term 

1852- 

1868- 

1871- 

1873 

1873 

1875- 

1876- 

1877- 

1885- 

1893- 

1897- 


1865 
1871 
1875 


1876 
1877 
1885 
1893 
1897 
1901 


212 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Superintendents  of  Public  Instruction 


Name 

Residence 

Term 

Thomas  F.  Toon^ 

Robeson 

1901-1902 

James  Y.  Joyner" 

Guilford 

1902-1919 

Eugene  C.  Brooks ^'■■ 

Durham 

1919-1923 

Arch  T.  Allen" 

Alexander 

1923-1934 

Clyde  A.  Erwin'' 

Rutherford 

1934-1952 

Charles  E  CarrolE^ 

Duplin 

1952-1969 

Andrew  Craig  Phillips'"^ 

Guilford 

1969-1989 

Bob  R.  Ethendge'^ 

Harnett 

1989-1996 

Michael  Edward  Ward^^^ 

Wake 

1996-2004 

Patricia  N,  Willoughby^^ 

Wake 

2004-Prese] 

^    Wiley  served  until  the  office  was  abolished  in  1865. 

^  Ashley  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  April,  1868,  and  resigned  effective 
October  1,  1871. 

^  Governor  Caldwell  appointed  Mclver  on  September  21,  1871,  to  replace  Ashley 
He  took  office  October  1,  1871. 

'^  Governor  Caldwell  apparently  appointed  Reid  in  late  1872  or  early  1873,  but  no 
record  exists  that  he  ever  qualified  or  took  the  oath  of  office. 

^  Governor  Caldwell  appointed  Battle  on  Januaiy  14,  1873  to  replace  Reid.  Battle 
took  the  oath  of  office  on  January  15.  Alexander  Mclver,  who  was  still  ser\ing 
under  a  previous  appointment,  challenged  Battle's  right  to  hold  office.  The  North 
Carolina  Supreme  Court  heard  the  case  at  its  January,  1873,  term.  The  court 
decided  in  favor  of  Mclver.  Justice  Reade,  who  wrote  and  delivered  the  majority 
opinion,  stated  that  since  Mclver  had  been  duly  appointed  and  qualified,  and 
that  since  the  ofhcer-elect  could  not  qualify,  Mclver  was  entitled  to  remain  in 
office  until  the  next  election  in  August,  1874. 

^    Pool  resigned  effective  June  30,  1876. 

''  Governor  Brodgen  appointed  John  Pool  on  June  30,  1876,  to  replace  Stephen  D. 
Pool.  He  took  office  July  1. 

^  Toon  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1900  and  served  until  his  death  on 
Eebruary  19,  1902. 

^  Governor  Aycock  appointed  Joyner  on  February  24,  1902,  to  replace  Toon.  He 
was  elected  m  a  special  election  in  1902  to  complete  Toon's  unexpired  term.  He 
was  re-elected  to  a  full  term  m  1904  and  served  following  subsequent  re-elections 
until  his  resignation  effective  January  1,  1919. 


213 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

'^'  Governor  Bickett  appointed  Brooks  on  December  21,  1918,  to  replace  Joyner. 
He  took  office  January  1,  1919,  and  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1920. 
Brooks  sen'cd  until  his  resignation  on  June  11,  1923. 

"  Governor  Morrison  appointed  Allen  on  June  11,  1923,  to  replace  Brooks.  He 
was  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1924  and  ser\'ed  following  subsequent  re- 
elections  until  his  death  on  October  20,  1934. 

''  Governor  Ehnnghaus  appointed  Envin  on  October  23,  1934,  to  replace  Allen. 
He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1936  and  ser\'ed  following  subsequent 
re-elections  until  his  death  on  July  19,  1952. 

^'  Governor  Scott  appointed  Carroll  on  August  20,  1952,  to  replace  Erwm.  He  was 
elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1952  and  served  following  subsec[uent  re- 
elections  until  1969,  when  he  retired  from  ofhce. 

'"*  Phillips  was  elected  in  1968  and  ser\'ed  following  subsequent  re-elections  until 
his  retirement  in  1989. 

^'  Etheridge  was  elected  in  November,  1988.  He  was  re-elected  m  1992  and  declined 
to  run  for  re-election  m  1996. 

'"  Ward  was  elected  m  November,  1996.  He  was  re-elected  in  2000  and  resigned 
from  office  in  2004. 

^^  Willoughby  was  appointed  m  September,  2004,  to  senT  the  remainder  of  Michael 
Wards  term  in  ofhce. 


214 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Office  of  the  Attorney  General 

The  Attorney  General  of  North  Carolina  heads  both  the  Department  of  Justice 
and  the  Office  of  the  Attorney  General.  The  attorney  general,  having  originated 
during  colonial  times,  is  one  of  the  oldest  continuous  offices  in  North  Carolina 
state  government.  North  Carolina's  first  constitution,  written  in  1776,  made  the 
attorney  general  part  of  the  executive  branch  framework.  When  the  General  Assembly 
began  reorganizing  the  executive  branch  in  the  early  1970s,  it  created  the  Department 
of  Justice  as  one  of  the  major  departments  in  the  Council  of  State. 

The  197 1  state  constitution  deleted  all  references  to  the  Department  of  Justice 
and  the  State  Bureau  of  Investigation.  Instead,  it  simply  requires  an  attorney  general 
whose  duties  "shall  be  prescribed  by  law."  [Article  III,  Section  7(2)]  North  Carolina's 
attorney  general  is  elected  every  four  years  by  vote  of  the  people.  The  1971 
constitution  elevated  the  attorney  general  to  full,  voting  membership  in  the  Council 
of  State.  Until  then,  the  attorney  general  had  ser\^ed  only  as  legal  advisor  to  the 
council. 

The  historical  roots  of  North  Carolina's  current  Office  of  the  Attorney  General 
lie  buried  deep  m  English  common  law.  As  far  back  as  the  Middle  Ages,  the  English 
crown  conducted  its  legal  business  through  attorneys,  sergeants  and  solicitors.  At 
that  time,  the  crown  did  not  act  through  a  single  attorney  at  all.  Instead,  the  king 
appointed  numerous  legal  representatives  and  granted  each  authority  to  appear  only 
in  particular  courts,  on  particular  matters  or  in  the  courts  of  particular  geographical 
areas.  The  total  number  of  attorneys  representing  the  crown  gradually  decreased 
over  time  as  individual  attorneys  were  assigned  broader  duties. 

By  the  latter  part  of  the  fifteenth  century,  the  title  Attorney  General  was  used  to 
designate  William  Husee  as  a  legal  counsel  for  the  crown.  It  may  have  been  as  late 
as  1530,  however,  before  a  single  attorney  held  the  title  of  Attorney  General.  Attorneys 
general  throughout  the  sixteenth  century  still  shared  the  role  of  legal  representative 
to  the  crown  with  other  legal  agents.  It  was  not  until  the  seventeenth  centur)'  that 
the  office  assumed  its  modern  form  and  the  attorney  general  became,  at  least  in 
practice,  the  crown's  preeminent  legal  counsel. 

Although  the  early  attorneys  and  other  legal  representatives  of  the  crown  occupied 
much  the  same  position  as  comparable  legal  representatives  ol  individuals,  their 
professional  development  soon  diverged  from  that  of  private  counsel  because  oi  the 
peculiar  role  of  the  crown  m  legal  proceedings.  The  king  held  "prerogative"  and,  in 
theory,  was  always  present  in  his  courts.  Since  the  monarch  could  not  literally  appear 
in  every  court  in  the  kingdom  personally,  the  attorney  general  and  his  predecessors 
evolved  as  a  legal-administrative  mechanism  to  protect  ihc  crown's  interests. 
Consequently,  the  king's  counsel  enjoyed  superior  status  to  that  oi  attorneys  for 


215 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

individuals.  Unlike  an  attorney  representing  a  private  party,  the  attorney  general  or 
kings  attorney  was  not  an  officer  ot  the  courts  and,  therefore,  was  not  subject  to  the 
usual  disciplinaiy  authority  the  courts  held  over  individual  attorneys.  As  a  representative 
of  the  crowTi,  the  attorney  general  was  subject  only  to  the  control  ot  the  crovvai. 

The  office  o^  Attorney  General  was  transported  intact  trom  England  to  the 
American  colonies.  Here,  attorneys  general  of  the  colonies  seiwed  as  representatives 
of  the  attornc)'  general  of  England.  Not  surprisingly,  these  colonial  attorneys  general 
possessed  the  conimon  law  powers  of  the  attorney  general  m  England.  During  the 
early  colonial  period,  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina  comprised  a  single  colony 
and  shared  an  attorney  general.  By  1767,  North  Carolina  had  its  own  attorney 
general,  who  was  selected  trom  among  the  lawyers  practicing  m  North  Carolina. 
North  Carolina's  attorney  general  exercised  the  same  power  and  authority  that 
attorneys  general  and  solicitors  general  possessed  m  England.  By  the  time  the 
American  Revokition  brought  independence  to  the  former  colonies,  the  ofhce  ot 
attorney  general  was  hrmly  established  m  the  American  states. 

After  the  Revolution,  the  newly- formed  states  continued  to  appoint  or  elect 
attorneys  general  with  virtually  the  same  powers  and  duties  as  their  English  and 
colonial  predecessors.  The  most  striking  change  to  the  ofhce  was  that  the  people, 
not  a  hereditary  monarch,  held  sovereignty  over  the  laws  and  courts.  The  ofhce  ol 
Attorney  General  has,  m  one  form  or  another,  continued  into  the  modern  era  m 
almost  all  American  states.  Attorneys  general  still  exercise  many  of  the  same  duties 
and  powers  delegated  to  their  colonial  predecessors.  In  1985,  North  Carolina's 
General  Assembly  re-afhrmed  the  common  law  powers  ot  the  Ofhce  of  the  Attorney 
General. 

The  attorney  generals  administrative  powers  and  duties  are  specitied  m  the 
General  Statutes  of  North  Carolina.  The  attorney  general  is  responsible  toi 
representing  the  State  of  North  Carolina  in  all  actions  in  the  Appellate  Court  Division 
the  state  is  either  interested  in  or  a  part  to.  When  requested  by  the  governor  oi 
either  house  of  the  General  Assembly,  the  Ofhce  of  the  Attorney  General  represents 
the  state  before  any  other  court  or  tribunal  m  any  case  or  matter  —  civil  or  criminal 
—  m  which  the  State  may  be  a  party  or  interested.  The  attorney  general,  when 
requested  by  the  governor,  secretary  of  state,  treasurer,  auditor.  Utilities  Commission. 
Banking  Commission,  insurance  commissioner  or  superintendent  of  public 
instruction  prosecutes  or  dctends  all  suits  related  to  matters  concerning  then 
departments.  The  Office  of  the  Attorney  General  represents  all  state  institutions 
whenever  requested  to  do  so  by  the  ofhcial  head  of  that  institution. 

The  attorney  general  consults  with  and  advises  judges,  district  attorneys 
magistrates  and  municipal  and  county  attorne)'s  upon  request.  The  attorney  general 
also  renders  legal  opinions,  either  formally  or  informally,  upon  all  questions  of  law 
submitted  by  the  General  Assembly,  the  governor  or  any  other  state  othcer. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  Office  of  the  Attorney  General,  in  the  pubUc  interest,  may  intervene  in 
proceedings  before  any  courts,  regulatory  officers,  agencies  or  bodies  —  either  state 
or  federal  —  on  behalf  of  the  consuming  public  of  the  state.  The  Office  of  the 
Attorney  General  has  the  authority  to  originate  proceedings  before  these  same  courts, 
officers,  agencies  or  bodies  on  behalf  of  the  state,  its  agencies  or  its  citizens  in  any 
and  all  matters  of  public  interest.  The  Office  of  the  Attorney  General  administers  the 
operations  of  the  North  Carolina  Department  of  Justice. 

The  Department  of  Justice  is  divided  into  two  main  program  areas  —  Legal 
Services  and  Law  Enforcement  The  Legal  Services  Area  is  organized  into  the  follouing 
divisions: 

Administrative  Division 

The  Admmistrative  Division  mcludes  six  separate  legal  sections,  each  of  which 
is  responsible  for  particular  clients  or  areas  of  the  law. 

The  Mental  Health/Medical  Facihties  Section  represents  various  divisions  of  the 
N.C.  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services,  the  University  of  North  Carolina's 
hospitals  and  the  Office  of  the  State  Controller. 

The  Health  and  Public  Assistance  Section  represents  the  Department  of  Health 
and  Human  Ser\aces'  Divisions  of  Social  Services  and  Medical  Assistance,  as  well  as 
all  the  departments  health-related  programs. 

The  Tort  Claims  Section  represents  the  state  in  tort  and  workers  compensation 
claims.  It  also  handles  collection  actions  for  the  University  of  North  Carolina  and 
the  North  Carolina  Community  College  System. 

The  Services  to  State  Agencies  Section  provides  legal  services  to  the  Department 
of  State  Treasurer,  the  Division  of  Retirement  Systems,  the  Office  of  State  Personnel, 
the  Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts,  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  General 
Statutes  Commission,  the  Wildlife  Resources  Commission  and  numerous  Ucensing 
boards. 

The  Elections  Section  represents  the  State  Board  of  Elections  and  advises 
numerous  state  and  local  officials  on  legal  matters  related  to  elections. 

The  Real  Estate  Commission  Section  represents  the  North  Carolina  Real  Estate 
Commission  and  handles  cases  involving  licensed  real  estate  brokers. 

Civil  Division 

Consisting  of  seven  sections,  this  division  handles  civil  claims  and  litigation 
principally  arising  from  state  construction  contracts,  real  property  acquisitions, 
highway  right-of-way  condemnation  and  the  enforcement  o{  laws  governing  labor 
matters,  insurance,  motor  vehicles  and  state  taxation.  The  section  also  assists  in 
environmental  enforcement  matters  and  provides  representation  to  certain  state 
agencies  in  workers  compensation  and  tort  claims  cases. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Property  Conlrol  Section  represents  the  Department  of  Administration,  the 
North  Carohna  Ports  Authority,  the  Railway  Commission,  the  N.C.  Museum  of 
Art,  the  N.C.  Building  Commission  and  other  agencies.  Its  staff  advises  state  agencies 
on  real  property,  public  building  construction  law  and  public  procurement. 

The  RcN'cnue  Section  represents  the  N.C.  Department  of  Revenue.  Us  duties 
include  instituting  legal  actions  to  collect  taxes  from  individual  and  corporate 
taxpa)'ers.  Section  attorneys  also  defend  ad  valorem  tax  valuations  of  public  sen-ice 
companies  before  the  Property  Tax  Commission  and  handle  all  responsibilities  of 
the  Attorney  General  under  G.S.  36A-53  regarding  the  protection  of  charitable  trusts. 
The  section  defends  the  Department  of  Revenue  m  state  and  federal  litigation  by 
taxpayers  seeking  tax  refunds. 

The  Labor  Section  acts  as  legal  advisor  to  the  N.C.  Department  of  Labor  and 
handles  cases  arising  from  enforcement  of  occupational  safety  and  health  matters 
and  labor  laws  governing  child  labor,  minimum  wage,  overtime  and  unpaid  wages. 

The  Insurance  Section  advises  the  N.C.  Department  of  hisurance  and  the  State 
Health  Plan.  Section  attorneys  litigate  cases  arising  from  enforcement  of  the  states 
insurance  laws. 

The  Transportation  Section  acts  as  legal  advisor  to  the  Secretary  of  Transportation 
and  the  State  Bcxird  of  Transportation  and  provides  legal  representation  to  the  N.C. 
Department  ot  Transportation  in  such  matters  as  condemnation  litigation,  bids  for 
highway  construction  and  contracts. 

The  Western  Office  handles  condemnation  cases  for  the  Department  of 
Transportation,  tort  claims  and  workers'  compensation  cases,  license  revocation  or 
suspension  cases  for  the  Division  of  Motor  Vehicles,  environmental  enforcement 
cases  for  the  Department  of  EiiMronment  and  Natural  Resources,  as  well  as  certain 
administrative  hearings  for  state  agencies  located  in  western  North  Carolina. 

Consumer  Protection  Dhision 

The  Consumer  Protection  Division  represents  the  interests  of  North  Carolina 
consumers  m  maintaining  a  tree,  fair  and  competitive  marketplace  and  protecting 
the  natural  environment.  The  section  protects  the  public  against  price  hxmg,  price 
gouging,  restraint  of  trade  and  other  anti-competitive  practices.  It  also  protects  the 
public  from  fraud,  deception  and  other  unfair  trade  practices.  The  section  assists 
thousands  ot  North  Carolinians  each  year  with  consumer  complaints.  The  Consumer 
Protection  Division  also  represents  consumers  m  utility  matters  betore  the  North 
Carolina  Utilities  Commission  and  the  state  courts. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Criminal  Division 

This  dmsion  incorporates  all  sections  of  the  department  that  deal  with  criminal 
matters.  Its  staff  advises  and  represents  state  agencies  such  as  the  Department  of 
Correction  and  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety.  The  Criminal 
Division  is  broken  down  into  several  sections  in  order  to  provide  specialized  support. 

The  Special  Prosecutions  Section  prosecutes,  or  assists  in  the  prosecution  of, 
criminal  cases  upon  request  of  district  attorneys  and  upon  the  approval  of  the  attorney 
general.  It  also  serves  as  legal  advisor  to  the  State  Bureau  of  Investigation. 

The  Correction  Section  provides  legal  counsel  to  the  Department  of  Corrections 
on  matters  invoking  prison  regulations,  personnel  and  statutory  interpretations. 

The  Crime  Control  and  Motor  Vehicles  Section  provides  legal  counsel  to  the 
N.C.  State  Highway  Highway  Patrol  and  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and 
Public  Safety.  The  section  also  furnishes  legal  assistance  to  the  Division  of  Motor 
Vehicles.  Among  other  things,  it  represents  the  division  in  appeals  to  superior  court 
involving  the  suspension  or  revocation  of  drivers  licenses,  appeals  of  assessments 
for  overweight  vehicles  and  insurance  case  appeals  potentially  resulting  in  the  loss 
of  vehicle  plates. 

The  Federal  Habeas  Section  represents  North  Carolina  m  appeals  of  criminal 
convictions  to  the  federal  courts. 

The  Appellate  Section  supervises  and  prepares  criminal  briefs  in  all  criminal 
appeals  to  state  and  federal  appellate  courts. 

Law  Enforcement  Liaison  Section 

This  small  section  of  attorneys  provides  legal  advice  to  the  majority  of  local  law 
enforcement  agencies  that  do  not  have  legal  advisors.  Section  attorneys  also  represent 
the  Sheriffs'  and  Criminal  Justice  commissions,  other  boards  and  commissions 
and  respond  to  frequent  ctizen  inquiries  about  law  enforcement  practices  and 
procedures. 

Environmental  Division 

The  Environmental  Division  provides  legal  representation  to  the  Department  of 
Environment  and  Natural  Resources  (DENR),  the  states  primary  environmental 
regulatory  agency  and  its  component  divisions.  The  division  also  provides  legal 
representation  to  citizen  commissions  operating  in  the  environmental  area.  The 
division  advises  the  Department  of  Administration  in  its  environmental  duties, 
particularly  with  regard  to  outer  continental  shelf  development  for  oil  and  gas  and 
administration  of  the  state's  Environmental  Policy  Act.  Representation  includes  all 
aspects  of  civil  and  administrative  Utigation,  legal  advice  and  representation  during 
commission  meetings.  The  division  prepares  enforcement  documents  for  issuance 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

by  DENR  and  provides  legal  services  m  contested  cases,  civil  injunctive  actions, 
penalty  collection  actions  and  judicial  reviews. 

The  En\'ironmental  Division  has  three  operating  sections:  the  Water  and  Land 
Section,  the  Groundwater  and  Solid  Waste  Section  and  the  Air  and  Natural  Resources 
Section.  Each  section  is  a  major  participant  in  the  development  ot  the  states 
environmental  programs,  particularly  m  those  areas  where  the  state  administers 
major  federal  programs  such  as  water  quality  and  air  c|uality  as  permitted  under  the 
Clean  Water  Act  and  the  Clean  Air  Act,  underground  storage  tanks  programs,  EPA 
Superfund  and  RCRA  m  the  hazardous  and  solid  waste  areas  and  safe  drmkmg 
water  regulation. 

Special  Litigation  Division 

The  Special  Litigation  Division  consists  of  the  Special  Litigation  Unit,  the 
Education  Section  and  the  Solicitor  Generals  Office.  The  Special  Litigation  Unit 
represents  the  state  and  its  ofhcials  and  employees  m  complex  or  controversial  civil 
litigation.  The  Education  Section  represents  the  State  Board  of  Education,  the 
Department  of  Public  Instruction,  the  Slate  Board  of  Community  Colleges,  the 
Department  of  Community  Colleges  and  the  Education  Assistance  Authority  It  also 
handles  litigation  for  the  University  of  North  Carolina  system  and  consults  with 
local  school  boards  and  local  school  officials.  The  Solicitor  Generals  Ofhce  supervises 
briefing  and  argument  of  all  civil  appellate  cases. 

Victims  and  Citizen  Services  Section 

The  Victims  and  Citizens  Services  Section  provides  direct  assistance  to  victims, 
particularly  victims  of  crime,  domestic  violence  and  elder  abuse.  The  section  works 
m  collaboration  with  various  state,  local  and  nonproht  agencies  by  providing 
guidance  and  information  to  citizens.  The  section  leads  the  Department  of  Justice 
on  policies  concerning  and  initiatives  in  open  government,  victims  rights,  senior 
citizens  rights,  child  victims  rights,  domestic  violence,  child  abuse  prevention  and 
hate  crimes.  Additionally  the  section  maintains  a  child  identification  kit  program 
that  has  fingerprinted  more  than  40,000  North  Carolina  children  since  its  inception. 
The  section  also  serves  victims  of  crime  through  its  participation  in  the  criminal 
appellate  brief  process.  When  appropriate  the  section  coordinates  its  policy  and 
initiatives  into  legislation.  The  section  has  forged  partnerships  and  associations 
with  sections  within  the  Department  of  Justice,  organizations,  law  enforcement 
agencies  and  other  agencies  in  order  to  provide  direct  assistance  to  victims  ol  crime, 
domestic  violence  and  to  answer  citizen  complaints  and  inquires.  To  that  end  this 
section  is  at  the  forefront  of  the  department  to  guarantee  that  crime  victims  have 
been  afforded  their  rights.  The  section  continues  to  work  on  legislation  that  will 
help  increase  victims'  understanding  of  the  criminal  justice  system  and  to  work 
with  law  enforcement  and  other  actors  m  the  criminal  justice  system  to  do  so. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Law  Enforcement  Area 

The  Law  Enforcement  Area  of  the  N.C.  Department  of  Justice  includes: 

State  Bureau  of  Investigation:  The  State  Bureau  of  Investigation  provides 
effective  administration  of  the  state's  criminal  laws,  works  to  prevent  crime  wherever 
possible  and  ensure  the  swift  apprehension  of  criminals.  The  bureau  assists  local 
law  enforcement  in  identifying  criminals,  provides  expert  scientific  analysis  of 
evidence  and  investigates  and  prepares  e\idence  to  be  used  in  court.  The  State  Bureau 
of  Investigation  lends  its  assistance  whenever  requested  by  the  attorney  general,  the 
governor,  sheriffs,  police  chiefs,  district  attorneys  or  judges. 

The  State  Bureau  of  Investigation  has  three  major  areas  of  operation:  Field 
Investigations,  the  Crime  Laboratory  and  the  Division  of  Criminal  Information. 
The  bureau  operates  one  of  the  most  advanced  crime  laboratories  in  the  nation.  The 
Division  of  Criminal  Information  maintains  and  operates  a  statewide  database  that 
helps  law  enforcement  agencies  across  the  state  in  the  performance  of  their  duties. 
Data  stored  in  the  SBI  system  includes  motor  vehicle  registrations,  drivers  licenses, 
wanted  and  missing  persons  alerts,  stolen  property  notifications,  outstanding  arrest 
warrants,  stolen  vehicle  reports,  hrearms  registration,  drug-trafficking  intelhgence 
and  parole  and  probation  histories.  The  division  pioneered  the  use  of  computers  in 
state  law  enforcement  and  continues  to  pro\4de  a  state-of-the-art  computer  filing 
system,  information  retrieval  and  communications  network  to  qualified  law 
enforcement  agencies  throughout  North  Carolina. 

Division  of  Training  and  Standards:  The  Division  of  Training  and  Standards 
includes  the  N.C.  Justice  Academy,  the  Criminal  Justice  Standards  Division,  the 
Sheriffs'  Standards  Di\dsion  and  the  Information  Systems  Section.  The  Division  of 
Training  and  Standards'  primary  goal  is  to  ensure  and  advance  the  competence  and 
integrity  of  the  criminal  justice  profession  in  North  Carolina. 

The  Justice  Academy  located  in  Salemburg,  N.C,  and  a  council  to  guide  its 
development  were  created  in  1973  by  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  The  academy 
develops  and  conducts  training  courses  primarily  for  local  criminal  justice  agencies, 
as  well  as  providing  the  resources  and  facilities  for  training  personnel  from  various 
state  criminal  justice  agencies.  The  N.C.  Department  of  Correction,  for  example, 
has  provided  basic  officer  training  at  the  Salemburg  campus  since  1974. 

In  1974,  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Southwood  College  and  the  Sampson 
County  Board  of  Commissioners  donated  the  95-acre  Southwood  campus  to  the 
state  for  use  as  a  site  for  the  new  academy  Salemburg  has  hosted  an  educational 
facility  on  the  campus  since  1875,  starting  with  the  establishment  of  Salem  Academy 
followed  by  Pinelands  School  for  Girls,  Edwards  Military  Academy,  and  Southwood 
College,  a  private  two-year,  post-secondary  institution. 

With  the  establishment  of  the  N.C.  Criminal  Justice  Education  and  Training 
and  Standards  Commission  m  1979,  the  academy's  oversight  council  was  eliminated 

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NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  Its  role  m  supporl  of  commission-mandated  curriculum  grew  rapidly.  The 
academy  now  develops  and  maintains  mandated  certification  curriculums  in  basic 
law  enforcement  training,  basic  jailer  training,  criminal  justice  instructor  training, 
radar  enforcement  and  many  advanced  instructor  areas. 

Academy  staff  train  thousands  of  criminal  justice  personnel  both  at  the  Salemburg 
campus  and  throughout  the  state.  Numerous  state  and  local  agencies  make  use  of 
the  campus  itself,  its  learning  resource  center  and  its  professional  staff  for  basic  and 
in-service  training.  The  academy  supports  every  aspect  of  the  states  criminal  justice 
system  b\'  pro\'iding  programs  and  working  with  other  agencies  to  upgrade  the 
systems  practices  and  personnel. 

Sheriffs'  Standards  Division:  Established  b)-  act  of  the  General  Assembly  in 
1983,  the  Sheriffs'  Standards  Division  administers  the  programs  of  the  North  Carolina 
Sheriffs"  Education  and  Training  Standards  Commission.  The  commission 
establishes  minimum  employment,  training  and  retention  standards  for  sheriffs 
deputies  and  jailers  throughout  the  state.  It  also  enforces  those  standards  statewide. 
The  division  certifies  sheriffs  deputies  and  jailers,  as  well  as  administering 
accreditation  procedures  for  schools  and  certifying  instructors  who  teach  in 
commission-mandated  training  programs.  The  division  administers  the  Sheriffs' 
Supplemental  Pension  Fund,  which  has  paid  benehts  to  more  than  65  retired  sheriffs' 
since  the  fund's  creation  in  1985. 

The  Criminal  Justice  Standards  Division:  Established  by  act  of  the  General 
Assembly  m  1971,  the  Criminal  Justice  Standards  Division  administers  the  programs 
of  the  North  Carolina  Criminal  Justice  Education  and  Training  Standards 
Commission.  The  commission  was  formed  m  1979  when  the  General  Assembly 
consolidated  the  original  Criminal  Justice  Standards  Council  and  the  Justice  /Academy 
Council  into  a  single,  more  powerful  commission.  Its  responsibilities  include 
establishing  and  entorcmg  minimum  employment,  training  and  retention  standards 
for  law  enforcement  ofhcers,  correction  ofhcers,  youth  correction  ofhcers,  local 
detention  oilicers,  radar  operators  and  criminal  justice  instructors  and  schools. 

The  division  administers  seven  criminal  justice  ofhcer  certification  programs 
encompassing  some  27,000  certified  officers  as  well  as  eight  other  specialty 
certification  programs,  including  the  Radar  Operator  Certification  Program.  Programs 
of  the  Company  and  Railroad  Police  Act,  which  the  General  Assembly  completely 
revised  in  1992,  are  also  administered  by  the  Criminal  Justice  Standards  Division. 

Boards  and  Commissions 

General  Statutes  Commission 

N.C.  Alarm  Systems  Licensing  Boai'd 

N.C.  Criminal  Justice  Education  and  Training  Standards 

N.C.  Sheiiffe'  Education  and  Training  Standai'ds  Commission 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Private  Protective  Services  Board 

For  more  information  about  the  Office  of  the  Attorney  General  and  the  N.C. 
Department  of  Justice,  call  (919)  716-6400  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at 

www,  jus,  state,  nc.  us. 

Roy  Asberry  Cooper,  III 

Attorney  General 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Nashville,  Nash  County,  June  13,  1957,  to 
Roy  A.,  Jr.,  and  Beverly  Batchelor  Cooper. 

EducationalBackground 

Northern  Nash  Sr.  High  School,  1973-75;  Bachelor 
of  Arts  (Morehead  Scholar),  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1979;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1982. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attomev  General,  2001 -Present. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1991-2000  (Majority  Leader,  1997-2000);  Member,  N.C. 
House  of  Representatives,  1987-91. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Sunday  School  Teacher,  White  Memorial  Presbyterian  Church;  Co-Chair,  Barium 
Springs  Home  for  Children  Capital  Drive;  Elementary  School  Tutor. 

Elective  andJ^pointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Law  Enforcement  Training  and  Standards;  Juvenile  Justice  Board. 

Honors  andAwards 

N.C.  Narcotics  Law  Enforcement  Ofhcers;  1998  Victims  Assistance  Network  Award; 
UNC  Alumni  Association. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Kristin  B.  Cooper.  Three  children.  Member,  White  Memorial  Presbyterian 
Church,  Raleigh 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Attorneys  General  of  North  Carolina 

Colonial 

Name  Term 

George  Duranl'  1677-1681 

William  Wilkisoiv  1694 

John  Porter,  jw'  1694-1695 

Henderson  Walker  1695 

Thomas  Abington"*  1696 

Richard  Plater'  1696-1703 

Christopher  Gale'^  1704-1705 

Thomas  Snoden'  1705-1708 

Christopher  Gale"  1708-1710 

Edward  Bonwicke'  1711-1714 

Daniel  Richardson'^'  1714-1724 

John  Worley"  1716 

James  Stanaway''  ca.  1720 

John  Montgomery''  1723 

Wilham  Little'-*  1724 

Thomas  Boyd"  1724-1725 

W^illiam  Little  1725-1731 

John  Connor"'  1731 

John  Montgomery''  1731-1741 

John  Hodgson"  1734 

Joseph  Anderson'''  1741-1742 

John  Montgomery  1742-1743 

Joseph  Anderson-'^'  1743-1747 

Thomas  Child-'  1747-1752 

George  Nicholas"  1752-1756 

Charles  Elliot-'  1756 

Robert  Jones,  Jr.-"*  1756-1759 

Thomas  Child-'  1759-1761 

Robert  Jones,  Jr.-*'  1761-1766 

Marmaduke  Jones-'  1766-1767 

Thomas  McGuire-^"  1767-1776 

State 

Name  Residence  Term 

Waightstill  Avery-'  Burke  1777-1779 

James  IredelP^^  Chowan  1779-1782 

Alfred  Moore"  Brunswick  1782-1791 

John  Haywood,  Jr. ^'  Hahfax  1792-1795 


224 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    A 

ND    THE    EXECUTIVE    B 

RANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

State  (continued) 

Name 

Residence 

Term 

Blake  Baker" 

Edgecombe 

1795-1803 

Henry  Seawell^'* 

Wake 

1803-1808 

Oliver  Fitts^^ 

Warren 

1808-1810 

William  Miller^^ 

Warren 

1810 

Hutching  G.  Burton^" 

Warren 

1810-1816 

William  P.  Drew^'^ 

Halifax 

1816-1824 

James  E  Taylor^'' 

Wake 

1825-1828 

Robert  H.  Jones"^^' 

Warren 

1828 

Romulus  M.  Saunders"*^ 

Caswell 

1828-1834 

John  R.  J.  Daniel 

Halifax 

1835-1841 

Hugh  McQueen"^-^ 

Chatham 

1841-1842 

Spier  Whitaker 

Halifax 

1842-1846 

Edward  Stanley"^-^ 

Beaufort 

1846-1848 

Bartholomew  E  Moore"*"* 

Halifax 

1848-1851 

William  Eaton,  Jr."*' 

Warren 

1851-1852 

Matthew  W  Ransom"*^ 

Northampton 

1853-1855 

Joseph  B.  Batchelor"*^ 

Warren 

1855-1856 

William  H.  Bailey^^ 

Mecklenburg 

1857 

William  A.  Jenkins"*^ 

Warren 

1857-1862 

Sion  H.  Rogers^^^ 

Wake 

1863-1868 

William  M.  Coleman^^ 

1868-1869 

Lewis  P.  01ds52 

Wake 

1869-1870 

William  M.  Shipp" 

Lincoln 

1870-1873 

Tazewell  L.  Hargrove 

Granville 

1873-1877 

Thomas  S.  Kenan 

Wilson 

1877-1885 

Theodore  E  Davidson 

Buncombe 

1885-1893 

Erank  1.  Osborne 

Mecklenburg 

1893-1897 

Zebulon  Y  Walser^"* 

Davidson 

1897-1900 

Robert  D.  Douglas^^ 

Guilford 

1900-1901 

Robert  D.  Gilmer 

Haywood 

1901-1909 

Thomas  W  Bicket^^ 

Eranklin 

1909-1917 

James  S.  Manning 

Wake 

1917-1925 

Dennis  G.  Brummitt^'^ 

Granville 

1925-1935 

Aaron  A.  E  SeawelP*^ 

Lee 

1935-1938 

Harry  McMullan'^^ 

Beaufort 

1938-1955 

225 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


State  (continued) 

Name 

William  B.  Rodman,  Jr.'^'^ 
George  B.  Patton''' 
Malcolm  B.  Seawell"' 
Wade  Bruton^^ 
Robert  Morgan'^^ 
James  H.  Carson,  Jr.''^ 
Rufus  L.  Edmisten"' 
Lacy  H.  Thornburg"' 
Michael  ¥.  Easley^''^ 
Roy  A.  Cooper 


Rcsulcncc 

Term 

Beaufort 

1955-1956 

Macon 

1956-1958 

Robeson 

1958-1960 

Montgomery 

1960-1969 

Harnett 

1969-1974 

Mecklenburg 

1974-1975 

Wake 

1975-1985 

Jackson 

1985-1993 

Brunswick 

1993-2000 

Nash 

2001 -Present 

Colonial 

^  Durant  was  probably  appointed  by  Jenkins,  possibly  as  early  as  1673  or  1674. 
(He  was  sen-mg  by  1676.)  When  conflict  between  Eastchurch  and  Jenkins  broke 
out,  Durant  went  to  England  to  plead  Jenkins  case,  not  very  successfully  since 
Eastchurch  was  commissioned.  Durant  did  not  return  to  the  colony  until 
December,  1677,  but  apparently  once  again  sen-ed  as  attorney  general.  He  was 
still  serving  m  November,  1679,  and  probably  continued  serving  until  1681  or 
later, 

■^  Little  IS  known  of  Wilkinsons  service  as  attorney  general  except  that  he  was 
suspended  from  office  m  1694  by  Governor  Harvey  for  unspecified 
"Misdemeanors." 

"•  Porter  was  appointed  by  Harvey  to  replace  Wilkmsoi-i  and  qualified  betore  the 
court.  He  probably  served  until  Walker  took  office  m  1695. 

"^  Abmgton  served  as  attorney  general  for  two  indictments  during  the  February 
1696,  court. 

'  Plater  was  appointed  by  Governor  Har\'ey  and  qualified  before  the  court.  He  was 
still  serving  in  October,  1703. 

*"  When  Gale  was  appointed  is  not  known.  The  first  record  of  his  ser\ice  is  at  the 
General  Court  for  July  1704,  and  he  was  still  serving  m  October,  1705. 

'  Snoden  began  ser\'ing  during  the  fall  term  of  the  General  Court  tor  1705  and  was 
still  seiwmg  m  1708. 

^  Gale  was  again  acting  as  attorney  general  by  October,  1708.  There  arc  no  court 
records  available  for  1709  and  1710  and  the  records  for  the  First  Court  m  1711 
indicate  that  Bonwicke  was  attorney  general. 


226 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

-  Bonwicke  was  serving  by  March,  1711,  and  records  from  the  Receiver  General's 
office  indicate  that  he  was  still  serving  in  June,  1714.  By  that  October,  however, 
he  was  no  longer  in  office. 

'^'  Richardson  was  apparently  appointed  by  Governor  Eden  sometime  during  the 
summer  of  1714.  He  quahfied  before  the  General  Court  on  October  26,  1714 
and  ser\'ed  until  1724  when  he  was  replaced  by  Little. 

^^  Worleys  name  appears  in  Hawks'  list  of  attorneys  general  with  the  date,  August 
2,  1716,  following  it.  Since  there  are  no  records  which  indicate  that  he  served,  it 
is  assumed  that  this  is  an  appointment  date.  Hawks,  History  of  North  Carolina, 
11,  140. 

'-  Instructions  issued  to  Governor  Burrington  by  the  Lords  Proprietors  indicate 
that  James  Stanaway  was  appointed  attorney  general;  however,  there  is  no  evidence 
to  indicate  that  he  served. 

^^  Montgomery  is  reported  to  have  been  appointed  attorney  general  m  1723.  No 
e\idence,  however,  could  be  found  to  indicate  that  he  served  at  this  time. 

'"*  Little  was  appointed  by  Governor  Burrington  to  replace  Richardson  and  qualified 
before  the  Council.  His  resignation  was  announced  at  a  council  meeting  on 
November  7,  1724. 

^  "^  Boyd  was  appointed  by  Governor  Burrington  to  replace  Little  and  qualifted  before 

the  council.  He  ser\'ed  until  Little  took  over  in  1725. 
^^  Connor  was  appointed  by  Governor  Burrington  and  qualified  before  the  council. 

He  served  only  until  Montgomery  arrived. 

^^  Montgomery  was  appointed  by  the  crown  and  qualified  before  the  council.  He 

was  suspended  by  Burrington  on  September  29,  1734,  but  was  either  restored  to 

office  by  Johnston  or  never  left,  since  he  was  considered  the  attorney  general  in 

November.  He  continued  serving  until  1741  when  he  was  appointed  acting  chief 

justice. 
1^  Hodgson  was  appointed  by  Burrington  following  the  suspension  of  Montgomery 

and  apparently  quahfied  before  the  council.  He  served  only  until  Governor 

Johnston  took  ofhce  in  November,  1734. 
1'^  Anderson  was  appointed  acting  attorney  general  by  Governor  Johnston  when 

Montgomery  became  chief  justice.  He  served  until  Montgomery  returned  to  service 

in  1742. 
^°  Anderson  was  appointed  permanent  attorney  general  by  Governor  Johnston  when 

Montgomery  was  commissioned  chief  justice.  He  qualified  before  the  council 

and  continued  serving  until  Child  took  office  in  1747. 
2^  Child  was  appointed  by  the  crown  and  qualified  on  May  16,  1747.  He  served 

until  he  returned  to  England  m  1752. 


227 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

^-  Nicholas  was  appareniK-  appointed  to  serve  when  Child  left  North  Carolina  to 
go  to  England.  He  was  reported  ill  m  October,  1755.  There  is  no  evidence  that 
anyone  else  was  appointed  until  1756. 

^'  Elliot  was  appointed  by  Governor  Dobbs  to  replace  Nicholas  and  apparently 
qualified  before  Dobbs.  fie  only  sen-ed  a  few  months  before  he  died. 

'"*  Jones  was  appointed  by  Governor  Dobbs  to  replace  Elliott  and  presumably 
qualified  before  him.  fie  sen'ed  until  Child  took  over  m  1761.  Commission  to 
Robert  Jones,  Jr.,  October  4,  1756,  Commissions,  1754-1767. 

-^  Child  was  commissioned  by  the  crown  and  apparently  qualihed  before  Governor 
Dobbs.  fie  sen-ed  until  he  resigned  m  1761. 

'•^^  Jones  was  appointed  by  the  crown  and  apparently  cjualified  before  Governor 
Dobbs.  fie  served  until  his  death  on  October  2,  1766. 

- '  Jones  was  appointed  by  Governor  Tryon  to  replace  Jones  and  served  until  McQuire 
took  office  m  1767. 

-"^  The  crown  commissioned  McGuire  to  replace  Jones  and  he  quaUfied  before  the 
council,  fie  presumably  ser\'ed  until  the  Revolution. 

State 

-''  Avery  resigned  on  May  8,  1779. 

^''  Iredell  was  appointed  by  the  governor  with  the  ad\'ice  and  consent  ot  the  council 
to  replace  Thomas  McQuire,  who  had  declined  to  seiwe.  fie  was  later  elected  by 
the  General  Assembly 

^''  Moore s  resignation  was  presented  to  the  council  on  April  9,  f791,  but  no  one 
was  immediately  appointed  to  till  the  vacancy 

^-  Ha)avood  was  elected  to  replace  Moore  and  resigned  following  his  election  as 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Law-  and  Equity  on  Januar)-  28,  1795, 

^''^  Baker  was  elected  to  replace  Hapvood  and  resigned  on  November  25,  1803. 

'■^  Seawell  was  elected  to  replace  Baker  and  resigned  on  November  30,  1808. 

'''  Fitts  w'as  elected  to  replace  Seawell  and  resigned  on  July  6,  1810. 

^•^  Miller  was  appointed  by  the  governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  council 
to  replace  Fitts. 

^'  Burton  resigned  November  21,  1816. 

^^  Drew  was  elected  to  replace  Burton  and  resigned  m  November,  1824. 

^"^  Taylor  w^as  elected  to  replace  Drew  and  died  m  late  June,  or  early  July,  1828. 

"*^'  Jones  was  appointed  by  governor  with  the  ad\-ice  and  consent  of  the  council  to 
replace  Taylor. 


228 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

"^^  Saunders  was  elected  to  replace  Taylor.  On  December  16,  1834  a  resolution  was 
passed  in  the  House  of  Commons  declaring  that  the  office  of  Attorney  General 
was  vacant  because  Saunders  held  a  commission  from  the  federal  government, 
which  was  in  violation  of  Chapter  6  of  the  Laws  of  1790.  (The  law  prohibited 
dual  office  holding  by  a  public  official  except  in  special  cases.)  Saunders  wrote  to 
Alexander  Williams,  Speaker  of  the  House,  the  following  day  requesting  that  he 
be  given  "permission  to  be  heard  at  the  bar  of  the  House  upon  the  subject  of  the 
Resolution."  The  request  was  granted.  Despite  testimony  by  Saunders  on  his 
own  behalf,  the  House  voted  68-60  to  uphold  the  resolution.  On  December  31, 
1834,  Saunders  sent  m  his  resignation. 

"^^  McQueen's  resignation  was  received  by  the  House  of  Commons  on  November 
25,  1842. 

■^^  Stanley  resigned  on  May  8,  1848. 

■^"^  Moore  was  appointed  by  the  governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  council 
to  replace  Stanley.  He  was  later  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  to  a  regular  term 
and  resigned  in  May,  or  June,  1851. 

■^^  Eaton  was  appointed  by  the  governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  council 
to  replace  Moore. 

■^^  Ransom  was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  to  replace  Moore  and  resigned  on 
May  2,  1855. 

'*''  Batchelor  was  appointed  by  the  governor  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
council  to  replace  Ransom.  He  resigned  November  26,  1856.  Council  Minutes, 
May  25,  1855,  Council  Journal,  1855-1889;  Batchelor  to  Bragg,  November  26, 
1856,  Bragg  Letter  Book,  1855-1857,  600. 

"^^  Bailey  was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  to  hll  the  unexpired  term  of  Batchelor. 
Commission  dated  January  5,  1857,  Commission  Book,  1841-1877. 

'^^  Jenkins  was  elected  to  replace  Ransom.  The  office,  however,  was  declared  vacant 
on  December  8,  1862  because  Jenkins  had  accepted  a  commission  in  the 
Confederate  Army. 

^^  Rogers  was  elected  to  replace  Jenkins  and  served  until  the  Constitution  of  1868 
went  into  effect.  Commission  dated  January  6,  1866,  Commission  Book,  1841- 

1877. 

5^  Coleman  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  in  April,  1868  and  ser\'ed  until  his 

resignation  on  May  29,  1869. 
"  Olds  was  appointed  by  Governor  Holden  on  June  1,  1869  to  replace  Coleman. 

At  the  State  Republican  Party  Convention  m  1870,  he  was  defeated  for  nomination 

by  Samuel  F  Phillips. 
"  Shipp  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1870  to  complete  Coleman's 

unexpired  term,  but  was  defeated  for  re-election  in  1872. 

229 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

^"*  Walser  was  elected  in  ihe  general  elections  in  1896.  He  resigned  effective  November 
24,  1900,  following  his  defeat  tor  re-election  by  Gilmer. 

"  Douglas  was  appointed  by  Governor  Russell  on  No\'ember  24,  1900  to  complete 
Walser s  term. 

^^'  Bickett  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1908  and  ser\Td  following  re- 
election in  1912  until  1916,  when  he  was  elected  governor  of  North  Carolina. 

^"  Brummiit  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1924  and  served  following 
subsecjuent  re-elections  until  his  death  on  Februaiy  5,  1935. 

'^^  Seawell  was  appointed  by  Governor  Ehringhaus  on  Januaiy  16,  1935,  to  replace 
Brummitt.  He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  in  1936  and  served  until  April, 
1938,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  State  Supreme  Court. 

'"  McMullan  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hoey  on  April  30,  1938,  to  replace  Seawell. 
He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1938  to  complete  Seawell s  unexpired 
term.  He  was  elected  to  a  lull  term  in  1940  and  sen'ed  following  subsequent  re- 
elections  until  his  death  on  June  24,  1955. 

'"^  Rodman  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hodges  on  June  1,  1955,  to  replace 
McMullan  and  ser\'ed  until  he  resigned  m  August,  1956,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Supreme  Court. 

"'  Patton  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hodges  on  August  21,  1956.  to  replace 
Rodman.  He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  m  1956  and  seiwed  until  his 
resignation  effective  April  15,  1958. 

"-  Seawell  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hodges  on  April  15,  1958,  to  replace  Patton. 
He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  m  1958  to  complete  Pattons  unexpired 
term  and  served  until  his  resignation  effective  February  29,  1960. 

*"■  Bruton  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hodges  on  Februaiy  27,  1960  (to  take  office 
March  I)  to  replace  Seawell.  He  vv'as  elected  m  the  general  elections  in  1960. 

""*  Morgan  resigned  August  26,  1974,  to  run  for  United  States  Senator. 

"'  Carson  was  appointed  by  Governor  Holshouser  on  August  26  to  replace  Morgan. 

^"  Edmisten  defeated  Carson  in  a  1974  special  election  to  complete  Morgans  term. 
He  was  elected  to  a  full  term  m  1976  and  seiwed  following  subsequent  re-elections 
until  1985. 

"'  Thomburg  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  in  1984. 

^^  Easley  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1992  and  re-elected  m  the  1996 
elections. 


230 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Consumer  Services 

The  Civil  War  devastated  North  Carolina's  economy.  Agriculture,  the  mainstay 
of  the  states  slightly  more  than  one  million  people,  was  severely  stricken.  Crop 
quality  tended  to  be  poor  and  market  prices  low.  A  system  of  farm  tenancy  developed 
leading  to  smaller  farms  and  decreased  efficiency 

In  an  effort  to  fight  these  and  other  problems,  farmers  joined  such  organizations 
as  the  Patrons  of  Husbandry  (the  Grange)  and  the  Farmers'  Alliance.  These  populist 
groups  gave  farmers  a  united  political  voice,  but  were  unable  to  solve  many  of  the 
problems  plaguing  the  state's  agricultural  economy  The  solution  for  the  majority  of 
farmers  was  to  establish  a  state  government  agriculture  department.  As  early  as 
1860,  Governor  John  E.  Ellis  had  urged  the  General  Assembly  to  set  up  a  Board  of 
Agriculture.  Their  attention  instead  riveted  to  the  oncoming  war,  legislators  ignored 
the  request. 

The  foundation  for  estabUshment  of  an  agriculture  department  was  laid  in  1868 
when  North  Carolinians  approved  a  new  state  constitution.  The  constitution 
pro\'ided:  "There  shall  be  estabUshed  in  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  a  Bureau 
of  Statistics,  Agriculture,  and  Immigration  under  such  regulations  as  the  General 
Assembly  may  provide."  The  new  agency  did  not  provide  for  the  real  needs  of 
agriculture,  however,  and  failed  to  win  the  favor  of  farmers  who  still  wanted  an 
independent  department. 

Farmers'  pleas  did  not  fall  on  deaf  ears.  In  1875  at  a  constitutional  convention, 
delegates  approved  a  petition  calling  upon  the  General  Assembly  to  "establish  a 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Immigration,  and  Statistics  under  such  regulations  as 
may  best  promote  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  State  and  shall  enact  laws  for  the 
adequate  protection  and  encouragement  of  sheep  husbandry."  In  March,  1877,  a 
bill  establishing  such  a  department  was  introduced  in  the  General  Assembly  and 
passed.  The  original  law  established  a  Board  of  Agriculture  to  supervise  the  North 
Carolina  Department  of  Agriculture's  (NCDA)  activities.  One  of  the  boards  first 
tasks  was  to  select  a  commissioner  to  act  as  the  department's  administrative  head. 

Colonel  Leonidas  LaFayette  Polk  of  Anson  County,  a  Civil  War  hero  who  had 
also  been  instrumental  m  the  department's  establishment,  was  named  the  first 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture.  For  a  $2,000  a  year  salary,  Polk  was  charged  to  carry 
out  the  following: 

Find  a  means  of  improving  sheep  husbandry  and  curb  high  mortality 
rates  caused  by  dogs. 

Seek  the  causes  of  diseases  among  domestic  animals,  quarantine  sick 
stock,  and  regulate  transportation  of  all  animals. 

Seek  to  check  insect  ravages. 

Foster  new  crops  suited  to  various  soils  of  the  state. 


231 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Collect  statistics  on  fences  in  North  Carolina  with  the  object  of  altering 
the  system  in  use. 

Work  with  the  United  States  Fish  Commission  in  the  protection  and 
propagation  offish. 

Send  a  report  to  the  Greneral  Assembly  each  session. 

Seek  cooperation  of  other  states  on  such  matters  as  obstruction  offish  in 
interstate  waters. 

Make  rules  regulating  the  sale  of  feeds  and  fertilizers. 

In  addUion,  the  department  was  to  establish  a  chemical  laboratory  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  for  testing  fertilizers  and  to  work  with  the  U.S. 
Geological  Survey  in  studying  and  analyzing  natural  resources. 

The  NCDAs  hrst  official  home  was  the  second  story  of  the  Bnggs  Building  on 
Fayetteville  Street  m  downtown  Raleigh.  Other  department  employees  were  located 
at  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  m  Chapel  Hill  and  m  other  Raleigh  offtce 
buildings. 

The  Board  of  Agriculture  decided  to  bring  all  the  duisions  of  the  department 
together  m  1881  and  bought  the  National  Hotel  for  $13,000.  The  hotel  was  on 
Edenton  Street,  the  present  site  of  the  Agriculture  Building.  The  building  was  later 
enlarged  and  remained  the  NCD.As  home  until  1923,  when  the  Edenton  and  Halifax 
streets  parts  of  the  building  were  demolished  and  the  present  neo-classic  building 
erected.  A  Iive-stor)'  annex  was  added  to  the  mam  building  m  1954  to  provide  new 
c[uarters  for  the  Natural  Histor)'  Museum  and  space  for  laboratories  and  ofiices. 

Through  the  decades,  the  NCDA  has  expanded  its  services  and  responsibilities 
to  meet  agricultures  needs.  The  department  now  has  1,300  employees  and  17 
divisions.  It  enforces  rules  and  regulations  that  protect  people,  farming  and  the 
environment. 

The  position  of  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  became  an  elected  office  in  1899. 
Samuel  L.  Patterson  of  Caldwell  County,  who  had  served  earlier  by  board 
appointment,  became  the  first  elected  commissioner.  The  current  commissioner, 
James  A.  Graham  of  Cleveland  (Rowan  County),  has  served  since  1964. 

The  state  Board  of  Agriculture  is  still  the  policy-making  body  of  the  department. 
It  has  10  members,  with  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  serving  as  ex-officio 
chair.  The  departments  name  was  modified  m  1997  to  include  "and  Consumer 
Services"  m  order  to  better  refiect  the  modern  role  of  the  agency 

Agriculture  is  North  Carolmas  No.  1  industry,  generating  more  than  $60  billion 
annually.  One  out  of  ever)'  five  jobs  in  North  Carolina  is  agriculturally-related. 

North  Carolina  is  the  third  most  agriculturally  diverse  state  in  the  nation  and 
ranks  first  in  the  production  of  sweet  potatoes,  tobacco  and  turkeys.  It  ranks  second 
nationwide  m  hogs,  cucumbers  for  pickles,  trout,  poultiy  and  egg  products;  fourth 

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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

in  commercial  broilers,  peanuts,  blueberries,  and  rye;  sixth  in  burley  tobacco;  seventh 
in  apples  and  greenhouse  and  nursery  sales;  eighth  in  strawberries,  peaches  and 
watermelons;  ninth  in  eggs;  and  tenth  in  cotton.  Following  are  the  various  divisions 
of  the  N.C.  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Consumer  Services  and  the  services  they 
offer: 

Agricultural  Statistics  Division 

Even  though  the  N.C.  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Consumer  Services'  original 
title  included  "statistics,"  the  intent  was  mainly  to  collect  statistics  relating  to  farm 
fences.  Commissioner  Polk  did  try  sending  forms  to  farmers  asking  them  to  list 
their  taxable  assets  and  their  crop  production.  Most  forms,  though,  were  never 
returned  and  the  few  that  came  in  were,  for  the  most  part,  incomplete. 

By  1887,  it  was  apparent  to  Commissioner  John  Robinson  that  a  statistical 
service  was  needed.  In  that  year's  Biennial  Report  he  wrote:  "The  means  of  acquiring 
statistical  information  are  very  inadequate.  Such  information  is  one  of  the  necessities 
of  the  times.  There  are  frequent  calls  upon  this  office  for  such  statistics,  the  applicants 
thinking  that  we  had  the  information  for  distribution,  and  they  were  warranted  in 
expecting  to  find  correct  information  in  regard  to  agricultural  products  in  this  office." 

In  1916,  Frank  Parker,  a  representative  of  the  Federal  Crop  Reporting  Service, 
began  statistical  work  in  cooperation  with  the  NCDA  &  CS.  Three  years  later,  he 
moved  his  office  to  the  Agriculture  Building  and  became  the  hrst  director  of  the 
Agricultural  Statistics  Division.  The  Farm  Census  began  on  a  voluntary  basis  in 
1918.  It  became  state  law  in  1921.  The  Agricultural  Statistics  Division  maintains 
county  state  and  federal  crop  and  livestock  statistics  and  rankings.  It  also  assesses 
weather-related  agricultural  losses,  such  as  those  sustained  through  drought  and 
floods. 

Agronomic  Services  Division 

The  North  Carolina  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Consumer  Services 
demonstrated  an  interest  in  soils  from  its  earliest  years.  Much  of  the  soil  work  was 
conducted  by  the  Ofhce  of  the  State  Chemist.  This  office  worked  with  the  U.S. 
Bureau  of  Soils  m  surveying  the  soils  of  each  county  and  collecting  samples  for 
analysis.  In  addition  to  chemical  analysis,  the  office  set  up  plot  tests  on  each  important 
soil  type  m  the  state.  These  plots  demonstrated  the  benefits  of  various  types  of 
fertilizers  and  crop  rotation. 

It  was  1938,  however,  before  the  General  Assembly  established  a  Soil  Testing 
Division  in  the  department.  The  division  was  set  up  to  accept  soil  samples  horn 
growers  and  homeowners  statewide  for  analysis  and  lo  furnish  ihem  with 
information  on  fertiUzer  needs.  Seventy  thousand  tests  were  made  on  approximately 
6,500  soil  samples  the  first  year. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  division  now  analyzes  more  than  300,000  samples  a  year  for  nutrients  and 
nematodes.  Soil  management  recommendations  are  made  to  improve  crop 
production  elticiency  while  also  protecting  the  environment.  Regional  agronomists 
help  growers  solve  held  problems  and  carry  out  recommendations  m  the  most 
effective  way.  The  General  Assembly  appropriated  $7.5  million  m  1992  to  build  a 
new  agronomic  laboratory'  in  Raleigh  for  soil  and  waste  testing.  The  33,000  square- 
toot  lacility  opened  in  May,  1994. 

Food  and  Diiig  Protection  Division 

Under  the  lirst  elected  commissioner,  Samuel  L.  Patterson,  the  department  took 
on  more  regulatory  duties.  One  ot  these  was  administration  of  the  Pure  Food  Law, 
which  the  General  Assembly  passed  m  1899.  The  law  was  intended  to  prevent 
adulteration  and  mislabeling  of  food  and  drink  for  both  humans  and  animals.  A 
statewide  study  in  1900  revealed  that  50  percent  of  canned  vegetables  were  adulterated 
with  harmtul  preservatives.  With  the  enforcement  of  the  Pure  Food  Law,  however, 
the  percentage  of  adulteration  dropped  to  17  percent  in  tour  years. 

Cattle  and  stock  feeds  were  also  inspected  and  found  to  be  of  a  low  grade.  A 
few  even  contained  poisonous  substances.  The  departments  hrst  statewide  analysis 
showed  a  large  amount  of  worthless  material  used  in  stock  feeds  as  filler. 

In  the  1940s  pesticides  began  to  appear  m  large  numbers  and  m  broader 
effectiveness.  Various  weed  and  grass  killers,  defoliating  chemicals,  chemicals  to 
control  the  premature  falling  of  fruits,  and  new  and  more  powerful  insect  and  rodent 
controlling  chemicals  added  to  the  agricultural  insecticides  and  fungicides  already 
on  the  market  m  North  Carolina.  It  was  obvious  these  products  needed  special 
attention  to  assure  reasonable  effectiveness,  safety  and  product  quality  The  General 
Assembly  responded  by  passing  the  Insecticide,  Fungicide,  and  Rodenticide  Act  of 
1947.  Under  this  law,  the  NCDA  &  CS  was  charged  with  the  registration  of  all 
pesticide  brands  to  prevent  mislabeling  and  adulteration.  Examinations  were  made 
of  pesticide  labels  to  ensure  that  the  percentage  of  each  actu'e  ingredient  and  total 
inert  matter  were  indicated  and  that  other  label  statements  were  acceptable.  In  1953, 
the  department  began  licensing  contractors  and  pilots  for  aerial  application  of 
pesticides. 

The  Pesticide  Law,  passed  in  1971,  gave  the  NCDA  &  CS  authority  to  license 
pesticide  applicators,  dealers  and  consultants.  It  also  allowed  the  Food  and  Drug 
Protection  Dix'ision  to  collect  samples  and  conduct  inspections  at  all  levels  of 
pesticide  production,  sales  and  use.  The  1971  law  also  provided  tor  a  seven-member 
Pesticide  Board  which  acts  as  a  polic\'-making  body. 

The  Food  and  Drug  Protection  Di\ision  assures  consumers  that  foods,  feeds, 
drugs,  cosmetics,  pesticides  and  automotive  antifreezes  are  safe,  wholesome  and 
labeled  properly  During  2003-04,  the  division  collected  and  tested  15,000  samples 
of  commodities  and  products  subject  to  the  N.C.  Food  and  Drug  Law- 


ISA 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Food  Distribution  Division 

In  1944,  the  department  began  a  cooperative  effort  with  the  U.S.  Department  of 
Agriculture  (USDA)  to  receive  and  distribute  surplus  agricultural  commodities.  Such 
commodities  as  evaporated  milk,  potatoes,  beets,  eggs  and  grapefruit  juice  were 
sent  to  public  schools  for  supplementing  meals.  Not  only  did  schools  benefit  from 
serving  low  cost  meals,  but  the  program  helped  hold  agricultural  prices  at  or  above 
levels  acceptable  to  producers. 

Food  Distribution  provides  14  cents  per  plate  in  value  in  USDA  commodities 
to  700,000  school  children  each  day.  It  received,  stored  and  distributed  $29.5 
million  worth  of  USDA  commodities  in  1994  to  eligible  recipients.  Food  is  allocated 
to  schools,  needy  families,  soup  kitchens,  food  banks,  the  elderly  and  charitable 
institutions. 

In  May,  1992,  the  division  moved  its  administrative  offices  from  the  Agriculture 
Building  in  Raleigh  to  Butner.  The  new  offices  are  larger  and  vvdll  save  in  operational 
cost.  The  division  has  warehouses  in  Butner  and  Salisbury  for  storage  and 
distribution. 

Marketing  Division 

Initially  called  the  Division  of  Cooperative  Marketing  when  it  was  established 
in  1913,  the  Marketing  Divisions  early  work  involved  compifing  lists  of  farm  product 
dealers  and  finding  markets  for  North  Carolina  sweet  potatoes,  butter  and  apples. 
A  market  news  service  was  launched  for  cotton  and  cottonseed.  Several  years  later 
the  division  began  helping  local  farmers  organize  into  cooperative  marketing 
organizations.  A  popular  project  initiated  in  the  early  1900s  was  publication  of  the 
Farmers  Market  Bulletin,  later  called  Market  News.  The  publication  had  articles  on 
marketing  conditions  of  certain  crops  as  well  as  agricultural  items  for  sale. 

The  Marketing  Division  continues  to  promote  the  sale  of  North  Carolina 
products  domestically  and  abroad.  Staff  work  to  develop  and  expand  markets,  report 
farm  market  prices  on  major  commodities  and  determine  and  certify  official  grades 
of  farm  products  produced  for  sale  throughout  the  state.  The  division  organizes 
special  livestock  sales,  such  as  the  Junior  Livestock  Show  at  the  N.C.  State  Fair,  It 
provides  marketing  advice  and  assistance,  and  arranges  buyer-seller  contacts,  such 
as  the  "Flavors  of  Carolina"  food  product  shows.  The  "Goodness  Grows  in  North 
Carolina"  marketing  program,  which  identifies  Tar  Heel  products  to  consumers, 
has  met  with  wide  success  and  support. 

Other  division  responsibilities  include  operation  of  regional  farmers  markets 
in  Asheville,  Charlotte,  Greensboro  and  Raleigh.  A  fifth  market  opened  in  Lumberton 
m  1999.  The  division  has  regional  fruit  and  vegetable  marketing  offices  in  Elizabeth 
City  Kinston  and  Roseboro.  The  division  also  administers  the  N.C.  Egg  Law  and 
the  Farm  Products  Marketing  and  Branding  Law. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Plant  Industry  Division 

Among  the  original  duties  given  to  the  department  were  "investigations  relative  , 
to  the  ravages  of  insects."  Up  until  the  late  1880s,  however,  department  reports  , 
declared  a  "remarkable  exemption  of  the  crops  of  the  State"  from  insect  pests.  The  ' 
situation  changed  considerably  around  1900  when  pests  such  as  the  San  Jose  Scale, 
which  attacked  the  states  fruit  orchards,  began  to  move  in.  The  San  Jose  Scale  was 
called  the  "worst  enemy  of  the  deciduous  fruits." 

The  NCDA  &  CS  responded  to  the  crisis  by  hiiing  an  entomologist  to  vv^ork  in 
conjunction  with  the  already-existing  Commission  for  the  Control  of  Crop  Pests. 
An  inspection  program  was  launched,  including  nursery  inspections.  Nurseries 
found  to  have  no  pest  problems  were  certihed  as  pest-free.  Another  task  of  the 
entomoloi^ist's  ofhce  was  the  establishment  of  an  insect  collection.  The  collection 

o 

documented  specimens  of  every  type  of  insect  found  in  the  state  and  sen-ed  as  a 
useful  tool  m  identifying  pests  for  the  public.  i 

In  1916,  the  NCDA  &  CS  established  a  honey  and  bee  program.  The  legislature 
authorized  the  division  to  investigate  bee  diseases  and  ways  to  improve  the  mdustiy 

The  Plant  Industry  Divisions  duties  and  responsibilities  have  expanded  to 
include  the  total  area  of  plant  protection.  Programs  dealing  with  insects,  weeds  and  ' 
diseases  have  become  more  sophisticated  and  incorporate  such  tools  as  integrated 
pest  management  and  biological  pest  control. 

Staff  examine  fertilizer  and  seed  for  accurate  labeling  and  product  quality  Tall 
fescue  IS  tested  for  tall  fescue  endophyte  infection.  The  division  administers  plant 
pest  laws,  regulations  that  mandate  programs  to  deal  with  pests  such  as  the  gypsy 
moth,  sweet  potato  weevil  and  witchweed.  The  NCDA  &  CS  inspects  all  plants  : 
shipped  within  the  state  and  performs  some  inspections  for  interstate  shipment 
under  a  cooperative  arrangement  with  the  federal  government.  It  also  administers 
the  Plant  Conservation  Program,  inspects  plant  nurseries  and  honey  bees  and 
oversees  permitting  ot  held  releases  ot  genetically-engineered  organisms. 

The  Boll  Weevil  Eradication  Program  has  proven  to  be  one  of  the  divisions 
most  successful  programs.  The  boll  weevil  had  decimated  the  states  cotton  crop 
prior  to  program  implementation  m  the  early  1980s.  Cotton  acreage  had  plummeted 
to  45,000  acres  statewide  m  1978.  The  eradication  program  centered  on  trapping 
the  pest  m  cotton  helds.  North  Carolina  was  declared  weevil-free  m  March,  1987. 
Har\'ested  acreage  reached  a  high  of  965,000  acres  m  2001  as  cotton  prices  and 
demand  increased. 

Public  Affairs  Di\ision 

The  need  for  communication  between  the  NCDA  &  CS  and  the  public  it  sen'cd 
was  evident  from  the  departments  beginning.  In  1877,  Commissioner  Polk  started 
a  weekly  farm  paper  called  The  Farmer  and  Mechanic.  This  paper  eventually  became 
independent  and  was  replaced  by  The  Bulletin  of  the  N.C.  Department  of  Agriculture. 

236 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  Bulletins  initial  purpose  was  to  inform  farmers  of  fertilizer  analysis  so  they 
could  judge  their  money  value.  Soon,  though,  The  Bulletin  expanded  into  all  areas 
of  agricultural  production.  It  became  necessary  to  hire  a  bulletin  superintendent. 

In  1914,  an  information  ofhce  was  estabUshed  to  coordinate  a  news  service  for 
the  NCDA  &  CS  and  the  N.C.  State  Agricultural  &  Engineering  College  (N.C.  State 
University).  This  arrangement  ended  in  1925  when  the  Agricultural  Extension 
Service,  which  had  been  a  joint  program  of  the  department  and  college,  was  moved 
entirely  to  the  college.  The  division  then  began  publishing  the  Agricultural  Review, 
a  semi-monthly  paper.  The  Review  is  now  published  once  a  month  and  has  more 
than  50,000  subscribers. 

Public  Affairs  has  become  the  public  relations  liaison  between  the  pubHc,  the 
media  and  the  department.  The  division  manages  public  relations  for  the  N.C.  State 
Fair  and  coordinates  enshrinement  ceremonies  for  the  N.C.  Agricultural  Hall  of 
Fame.  Division  personnel  also  write  speeches  and  news  releases. 

Research  Stations 

Created  m  1877  by  the  same  act  that  created  the  NCDA  &  CS,  the  Experiment 
Station  m  Chapel  Hill  was  the  first  such  center  devoted  agricultural  research  in  the 
South  and  only  the  second  in  the  entire  nation.  It  was  directed  to  conduct  experiments 
on  plant  nutrition  and  growth,  ascertain  which  fertilizers  were  best  suited  to  specific 
crops  and  conduct  needed  investigations  on  other  agricultural  topics. 

The  initial  movement  to  establish  field  testing  stations  began  m  1885  when  the 
General  Assembly  directed  the  Board  of  Agriculture  to  secure  prices  on  lands  and 
machinery.  The  board  obtained  35  acres  on  the  north  side  of  Hillsborough  Street  m 
Raleigh,  and  the  job  of  clearing  land,  lapng  out  test  plots  and  constructing  buildings 
began.  The  station  was  transferred  from  the  NCDA  &  CS  to  the  newly-created  N.C. 
College  of  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Arts  (later  N.C.  State  University)  in  1889. 
The  federal  Hatch  Act,  which  had  pro\ided  $15,000  to  each  state  for  agricultural 
research,  had  specified  that  the  money  be  directed  to  the  land  grant  college.  In 
establishing  the  A&M  College,  the  General  Assembly  had  provided  that  the  college 
would  receive  all  land-grant  benefits. 

While  the  NCDA  &  CS  maintained  its  associations  with  the  station,  it  shifted  its 
own  efforts  to  establishing  test  farms  in  various  locations  statewide.  The  purpose  was 
to  experiment  with  different  crop-fertilizer-soil  combinations  to  find  the  most  suitable 
for  certain  areas.  The  first  two  research  stations  were  in  Edgecombe  and  Robeson  counties. 

Today  15  stations  are  conducting  research  on  farming  practices,  livestock,  poultry 
and  crops.  The  stations  are  in  White ville,  Clayton,  Castle  Hayne,  Clinton,  Kinston, 
Fletcher,  Waynesville,  Oxford,  Lewiston,  Salisbury  Jackson  Springs,  Plymouth, 
Rocky  Mount,  Laurel  Springs  and  Reidsville.  The  N.C.  Department  of  Agriculture 
and  Consumer  Services  and  N.C.  State  University  operate  the  stations  cooperatively 


237 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  NCDA  &  CS  owns  nine  stations  and  provides  administrative  support.  NCSU 
ovvns  the  other  six  and  provides  scientists  for  various  research  projects. 

Three  state  farms  are  also  being  run  jointly.  The  farms,  located  in  Butner,  Kinston 
and  Goldsboro,  are  used  tor  research,  teaching  and  demonstration  purposes.  The 
Center  tor  Environmental  Farming  Systems  at  Cherry  Farm  m  GoldsfDoro  was 
dedicated  m  FelDruary,  1994.  Organic,  no-till  optimized  yields  and  sustainable 
agriculture  methods  are  studied  at  the  2,300-acre  farm. 

Standards  Division 

The  hrst  laws  relating  to  petroleum  products  were  passed  in  1903,  at  which  | 
time  heating  oil  - —  kerosene  —  was  being  used  primarily  tor  lighting.   Some  of  this  | 
product  contained  such  large  amounts  of  sulphur  that  it  was  found  to  be  a  health 
hazard.  It  also  caused  various  fabrics  and  other  materials  to  deteriorate. 


1 


By  1917,  the  department  was  also  given  responsibility  to  enforce  the  gasoline 
law.  This  law  applied  to  gasoline  and  other  lic[uids  used  for  heating  or  power  } 
purposes.  When  the  program  began,  many  companies  were  tr\'mg  to  sell  low  grades  j 
of  gasoline  for  the  same  price  as  higher  grades.  The  Standards  Division  today  has 
one  ot  the  country's  best  gasoline  and  oil  inspection  programs.  Motor  fuels  are  j 
tested  tor  compliance  with  quality  specihcations  and  gasoline  pumps  are  tested  for 
octane  levels  and  accuracy.     Liquid  petroleum  gas  and  anhydrous  ammonia 
installations  are  checked  tor  compliance  with  safety  codes. 

The  Standards  Division  is  responsible  tor  testing  commercial  weighing  and 
measuring  devices,  such  as  scales,  to  ensure  accuracy  Bar  code  scanners,  such  as 
those  employed  in  retail  stores,  are  also  checked.  The  division  is  also  responsible 
for  providing  precision  mass,  volume,  temperature  and  length  standard  calibrations. 

Noith  Carolina  State  Fair 

The  State  Agricultural  Society  sponsored  the  hrst  State  Fair,  which  was  held  in 
November,  1853,  about  10  blocks  east  of  the  Capitol.  In  1873,  the  lair  was  moved 
to  a  53-acre  lot  on  Hillsboro  Road  near  the  present  Raleigh  Little  Theatre.  The 
society  spent  about  $50,000  to  develop  the  grounds.  In  all,  the  Agricultural  Society, 
sponsored  the  fair  for  73  years,  with  interruptions  during  the  Civil  War  and! 
Reconstruction.  Among  the  fairs  most  famous  guests  during  the  era  were  Theodore 
Rc^osevelt  in  1905  and  William  Jennings  Bryan  in  1907.  ; 

The  State  Agricultural  Society  asked  the  city  and  state  for  help  in  1924.  A  State, 
Fair  Board  was  appointed  and  in  a  few  years  the  fair  was  mo\'ed  to  its  present  site 
on  the  west  side  of  Raleigh.  In  1930,  the  State  Fair  was  placed  under  the  NCDA  &j 
CSs  administration.  For  a  few  years  the  department  leased  out  the  operationi 
commercially,  but  in  1937,  Commissioner  Kerr  Scott  decided  that  the  NCDA  &  CS' 
should  manage  the  tair  directly.  Dr.  J.  S.  Dorton  was  chosen  as  manager  and  the  tairi 
tirst  began  to  show  prohts.  • 

238  ! 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  State  Fair  has  become  North  Carohnas  biggest  event,  attracting  about 
750,000  people  to  the  10-day  extravaganza  each  October.  Feature  attractions  include 
livestock  and  horse  shows,  crafts,  carnival  food,  free  concerts,  thrilling  rides,  contests 
and  much  more. 

The  fairgrounds  operate  year-round.  The  344-acre  site  has  eight  different  buildings 
and  50  permanent  employees.  A  variety  of  events  —  including  the  Dixie  Deer  Classic, 
Southern  Farm  Show  and  horse  shows  —  are  held  m  the  buildings. 

Structural  Pest  Control  Division 

Public  concern  for  the  unethical  practices  of  some  extermmators  led  to  the  General 
Assembly's  enactment  of  the  N.C.  Structural  Pest  Control  Law  in  1955.  The  law 
was  intended  to  protect  consumers,  the  environment  and  the  good  name  of  the 
structural  pest  control  industry.  The  law  created  a  policy-making  board,  the  N.C. 
Structural  Pest  Control  Commission,  and  gave  the  NCDA  &  CS  responsibility  for 
inspecting  extermination  work. 

In  1967,  the  law  was  revised,  abolishmg  the  commission  and  creating  a  Structural 
Pest  Control  Division  in  the  NCDA  &  CS.  The  division,  which  oversees  applicator 
Hcensmg  and  compliance,  was  given  the  responsibility  of  administering  the  law 
under  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture.  A  Structural  Pest  Control  Committee  was 
established  to  make  necessary  rules  and  regulations  and  to  hold  hearings  related  to 
law  violations. 

Veterinary  Division 

Even  though  the  original  act  establishing  the  NCDA  &  CS  called  for  animal 
health  protection,  it  was  1898  before  a  state  veterinarian  was  appointed.  Chosen 
for  the  position  was  Dr.  Cooper  Curtice  of  Columbia  Veterinary  College.  Dr.  Curtice 
launched  an  investigation  of  the  cattle  tick  and  was  able  to  show  that  the  parasite 
was  a  carrier  of  Texas  fever.  Not  only  was  this  the  first  step  toward  eradication  of  the 
fever;  it  was  also  the  first  time  anyone  had  proven  that  parasites  are  capable  of 
transmitting  disease  in  mammals.  Curtice's  work  set  the  pattern  for  similar 
investigations  into  human  diseases. 

Another  threat  to  livestock  at  the  time  the  veterinary  program  began  was  hog 
cholera,  which  had  first  been  reported  in  the  state  in  1859.  By  1877,  it  was  killing 
one  out  of  every  nine  hogs  each  year.  Containing  and  eradicating  the  disease  took 
many  years  of  effort  by  the  Veterinary  Division's  staff. 

In  the  early  days,  the  state  veterinarian  was  not  only  concerned  with  animal 
protection,  but  also  with  livestock  promotion.  The  idea  was  that  more  livestock 
would  improve  soil  fertility  and  better  livestock  would  increase  profit.  Eventually 
this  responsibility  was  given  to  the  NCDA  &  CS's  Marketing  Division. 

In  1925,  the  department  was  charged  with  supervising  slaughicnng  and  meat- 
packing establishments  in  North  Carolina.  This  service  was  not  compulsor)'  at  that 

239 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

time,  bul  il  did  enable  any  establishment  that  chose  to  use  it  to  sell  anywhere 
within  the  state  without  further  inspection  by  a  city  or  town. 

The  Veterinaiy  Division  is  authorized  to  inspect  livestock  markets  to  see  that 
animals  have  received  proper  tests  and  vaccinations  and  to  insure  that  sick  animals 
are  not  ottered  for  sale.  Nine  animal  disease  diagnostic  laboratories  have  been  set 
up  across  the  state  to  serve  tarmers,  practicing  veterinarians,  animal  health  personnel 
and  pel  owners.  Meat  and  poultry  facility  inspections  have  become  compulsory. 
The  division  has  been  instrumental  m  combating  various  livestock  diseases, 
including  pseudorabies  m  swme,  equine  mtectious  anemia  m  horses  and 
tuberculosis  in  cattle. 

Other  Dhisions 

Other  divisions  of  the  NCDA  &  CS  coordinate  the  departments  administration, 
fiscal  management  and  personnel  tunctions.  The  Administration  Division  includes 
offices  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  deputy  and  assistant  commissioners 
and  a  small  farms  and  agriculture  policy  advisor. 

Fiscal  Management  is  responsible  for  the  NCDA  &  CSs  business  affairs, 
including  preparation  and  management  of  operating  and  capital  improvement 
budgets,  accounting,  purchasing,  auditing,  property  management  and  collections 
of  assessment  reviews  for  commodity  associations.  It  also  manages  the  N.C.  Rural 
Rehabilitation  Corp.,  which  was  transferred  to  the  NCDA  &  CS  m  1971.  The  Human 
Resources  Management  Di\'ision  is  responsible  for  providing  support  to  the  NCDA 
&  CSs  divisions  m  the  areas  of  personnel  administration  including  recruitment, 
interviewing  and  placement,  personnel  records  management,  policy  development 
and  more. Agriculture-Related  Boards  and  Commissions 

Aquaculture  Advisory  Board 

Board  of  Crop  Seed  Improvement 

N.C.  Public  Livestock  Market  Advisory  Boaid 

Pesticide  Advisory  Committee 

N.C.  Grape  Growers  Council 

Northeastern  N.C.  Farmers  Market  Advisory  Boaid 

Southeastern  N.C.  Farmers  Market  Commission 

Southeastern  N.C.  Fanners  Market  Advisory  Board 

Grading  Service  Advisory  Committee 

Tobacco  Research  Commission 


240 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

For  further  information  about  the  N.C.  Department  of  Agricuhure,  call  (919) 
733-7125  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  www.ncagr.com. 


W.  Britt  Cobb 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Elm  City,  Wilson  County,  November  15,  1949,  to 
WB.,  Sr.,  and  Mary  Edwards  Cobb. 

EducationalBackground 

B.S.  m  Business  Administration,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1971. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture.,  2003-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  and 
Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  Member,  N.C.  Agribusiness  Council;  Board  Member,  N.C.  Rural  Center; 
Rotary  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Executive  Committee,  Southern  U.S.  Trade  Association. 

Personallnformation 

Married,  Ann  Gillen  Cobb.  Member,  Eirst  Baptist  Church,  Raleigh. 

Commissioners  of  Agriculture' 

Name 

Leonidas  L.  Polk^ 
Montford  McGhee^ 
John  Robinson"^ 
Samuel  L.  Patterson'^ 
James  M.  Newborne'' 
John  R.  Smith^ 
Samuel  L.  Patterson^ 
WiUiam  A.  Graham"^ 
William  A.  Graham,  Jr.^° 
William  Kerr  Scott'' 


Residence 

Term 

Anson 

1877-1880 

Caswell 

1880-1887 

Anson 

1887-1895 

Caldwell 

1895-1897 

Lenoir 

1897 

Wayne 

1897-1899 

Caldwell 

1899-1908 

Lincoln 

1908-1923 

Lincoln 

1923-1937 

Alamance 

1937-1948 

941 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL  2003-2004 

David  S.  Coltrane'^  Wake  1948-1949 

Lynton  Y.  Ballentine''  Wake  1949-1964 

James  A.  Graham'^  Rowan  1964-2000 

Meg  Scott  Phipps  Alamance  2001-2003 

W  Britt  Cobb''  Wake  2003-Present 


1 


10 


The  Department  of  Agncukure  was  created  by  the  General  Assembly  of  1876-77. 
In  the  bill  creating  the  department,  provisions  were  made  for  a  Board  of  Agriculture 
whose  members  were  to  be  appointed  by  the  governor.  The  boards  membership 
was  then  to  elect  a  Commissioner  ot  Agriculture,  who  would  sen'e  as  head  of  the 
department.  This  arrangement  continued  until  1900,  when  the  commissioner 
was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly.  In  the  General  Assembly  of  1899,  a  bill 
was  passed  which  provided  for  the  electing  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 
in  the  general  elections. 

Polk  was  chosen  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  on  April  2,  1877,  and  seived  until 
his  apparent  resignation  m  1880. 

McGhee  was  apparently  chosen  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  to  replace  Polk  and 
ser\'ed  until  1887. 

Robinson  was  elected  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  on  April  22,  1887,  and  ser\'ed 
following  subsequent  re-elections  b\'  the  board  until  1895. 

Patterson  was  elected  by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  on  June  13,  1895. 

Mewbome  was  elected  by  the  Board  on  March  23,  1897,  (to  take  office  June  15, 
1897")  and  sen'ed  until  his  resignation  effective  Januaiy  1,  1898. 

Smith  was  elected  by  the  board  on  December  14,  1897  ,Uo  take  ofhce  Januaiy  1, 
1899)  to  complete  the  term  of  Mewborne. 

Patterson  was  elected  bv  the  General  Assemblv  on  March  6,  1899.  He  was  elected 
in  the  general  elections  m  1900  and  ser\'ed  following  re-election  m  1904  until 
his  death  on  September  14,  1908. 

Graham  was  appointed  by  Governor  Glenn  on  September  16,  1908,  to  replace 
Patterson.  He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  m  1908  and  sen'ed  tollowing 
subsec[uent  re-elections  until  his  death  on  December  24,  1923. 

WilUam  A.  Graham,  Jr.  was  appointed  by  Governor  Morrison  on  December  26, 
1923,  to  replace  his  father.  He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  m  1924. 

Scott  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  m  1936  and  served  following  subsequent 
re-elections  until  his  resignation  m  Februar);  1948. 


242 


THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 

^'  Coltrane  was  appointed  by  Governor  Cherry  on  February  14,  1948,  to  replace 
Scott.  He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1948  to  complete  Scott's  unexpired 
term. 

^^  Ballentine  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  in  1948  and  served  following 
subsequent  re-elections  until  his  death  on  July  19,  1964. 

^"^  Graham  was  appointed  by  Governor  Sanford  on  July  30,  1964  to  replace 
Ballentme.  He  was  elected  in  general  elections  in  1964  and  retired  in  2000. 

'5  Cobb  was  appomted  by  Gov.  Michael  Easley  to  replace  Phipps  in  2003. 


243 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Department  of  Labor 

The  Constitution  of  North  Carohna  provides  lor  the  election  by  the  people 
e\'er\'  lour  years  ol  a  Comniissioner  ot  Labor  whose  term  ol  oHice  runs  concurrently 
with  that  ot  the  governor.  The  comniissioner  is  the  administrative  head  of  the 
Department  ol  Labor  and  also  ser\'es  as  a  member  ol  the  Council  ol  Stale. 

The  original  "Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,"  the  historical  precursor  of  the  present 
N.C.  Department  of  Labor,  was  created  by  the  General  Assembly  of  1887,  with 
provision  tor  appointment  by  the  governor  of  a  "Commissioner  of  Labor  Statistics" 
for  a  two-year  term.  In  1899  another  act  was  passed  pro\'iding  that  the  commissioner, 
beginning  with  the  general  election  ot  1900,  be  elected  by  the  people  for  a  four-year 
term. 

For  three  decades,  the  department  over  which  this  newly-elected  commissioner 
presided  remained  a  very  small  agency  of  state  government  with  limited  duties  and 
personnel.  In  1925,  the  department  employed  a  total  of  15  people.  In  a  general  . 
reorganization  of  the  states  labor  administration  functions  m  1931,  the  General 
Assembly  laid  the  broad  groundwork  for  the  Department  of  Labors  subsequent, 
gradual  development  into  an  agency  administering  laws  and  programs  affecting  a 
majority  ot  North  Carolina  citizens. 

Today,  the  North  Carolina  Department  of  Labor  is  charged  by  statute  with  j 
promoting  the  "health,  satety  and  general  well-being"  of  the  states  more  than  tour 

million  working  people.  The  many  laws  and  programs  under  its  jurisdiction  attcct  ; 

virtually  everyone  m  the  state  in  one  way  or  another.  The  General  Statutes  provide  | 

the  commissioner  with  broad  regulatory  and  cntorcement  powers  with  which  to  j 
carry  out  the  departments  duties  and  responsibilities  to  the  people. 

The  departments  principal  regulatory,  enforcement  and  promotional  programs 
are  carried  out  by  11  bureaus,  each  headed  by  a  bureau  chiel.  These  include  the 
Apprenticeship  and  Training  Bureau;  the  Boiler  Safety  Bureau;  the  Elevator  and 
Amusement  Device  Bureau ;the  Mine  and  Quarry  Bureau;  the  Employment 
Discrmiination  Bureau;  the  Wage  and  Hour  Bureau;  and  the  Occupational  Safety 
and  Health  Division  (OSH),  which  contains  hve  different  bureaus..  Support  ser\aces 
are  handled  by  the  Budget  and  Management,  Human  Resources  and  Communications 
divisions, Research  and  Policy  along  with  the  Intormalion  Technology  and 
Publications  bureaus,  the  departmental  library  and  the  legal  attairs  otiice. 

Live  statutory  boards  assist  the  commissioner  with  policy  development  and 
program  planning.  These  are  the  Apprenticeship  Council;  the  N.C.  Board  ot  Boiler  I 
ai"id  Pressure  Vessel  Rules;  the  Mine  Safety  and  Health  Adx'isory  Council;  the  State  | 


244 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Advisory  Council  on  Occupational  Safety  and  Health;  and  the  Agricultural  Safety 
and  Health  Council. 

The  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Review  Board  is  a  separate  unit  independent 
of  the  Department  of  Labor.  The  board  hears  appeals  of  citations  and  penalties 
imposed  by  the  OSH  Division.  Its  members  are  appointed  by  the  governor.  The 
Department  of  Labor's  major  bureaus  and  their  regulatory  functions  include: 

Apprenticeship  and  Training  Bureau 

The  Apprenticeship  and  Training  Bureau  promotes  and  monitors  a  broad  range 
of  apprenticeship  programs  designed  to  train  journeyman-level  craft  workers  to  meet 
the  demands  of  industries  for  high-skilled  workers. 

In  2003,  over  13,000  citizens  were  served  by  this  voluntary  system  of  employee 
training  that  combines  on-the-job  training  and  related  instruction  to  form  a  quality 
training  system  for  employers  throughout  the  state.  The  apprentice  learning  a  trade 
is  taught  by  a  skilled  journeyman. 

This  bureau  encourages  high  school  graduates  to  pursue  apprenticeship  training 
as  a  means  of  acquiring  steady,  fulfilling  employment  that  offers  excellent  wages 
and  career-development  potential.  Apprentices  begin  at  a  fixed  percentage  of 
journeyman  pay  and  receive  planned  wage  increases  as  they  learn  new  skills. 
Apprenticeships  combine  structured  on-the-job  training  with  related  technical 
training  furnished  by  the  individual  employer  or  at  a  local  community  college  or 
technical  institute. 

The  bureau  administers  the  National  Apprenticeship  Act  of  1937.  This  federal 
law  established  uniform  standards  for  quaUty  training  under  approved  apprenticeship 
agreements.  The  bureau  establishes  standards,  approves  apprenticeship  programs 
that  meet  established  criteria,  ser\'es  as  a  records  depository  and  issues  completion 
certificates  to  citizens  who  complete  apprenticeship  training. 

Boiler  Safety 

The  Boiler  Safety  Bureau  enforces  North  Carolina's  Uniform  Boiler  and  Pressure 
X'essel  Act.  This  1976  law  expanded  coverage  of  earlier  statutes  that  had  existed 
since  1935.  The  bureau  regulates  the  construction,  installation,  repair,  alteration, 
inspection  and  use  of  pressure  equipment  subject  to  the  law.  The  bureau  conducts 
periodic  inspections  of  equipment  under  its  jurisdiction  and  monitors  inspection 
reports  by  certified  insurance  company  inspectors.  The  bureau  maintains  records 
concerning  the  ownership,  location  and  condition  of  pressure  equipment  being 
operated  and  issues  inspection  certificates  to  boiler  owners  and  operators  whose 
equipment  is  found  to  be  m  compliance  with  the  act.  More  than  93,000  boilers  and 
pressure  vessels  are  currently  on  record  with  the  division. 


245 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Elexators  and  AmiLsement  Devices 

The  Elevator  and  Amusement  Deviees  Bureau  is  responsible  for  the  proper 
installation  and  sale  operation  ol  all  elevators,  escalators,  workman's  hoists, 
dumbwaiters,  moving  walks,  aerial  passenger  tramways,  amusement  rides,  incline 
railways  and  lilting  devices  for  people  with  disabilities  that  operate  m  public 
establishments,  except  federal  buildings   and  private  residences. 

More  than  28,000  inspections  are  conducted  annually  by  this  bureau,  which 
hrst  undertook  its  periodic  safety  code  inspection  program  m  1938,  It  now  operates 
under  a  law  passed  by  the  General  Assembly  m  1986.  Any  company  or  persons 
wanting  to  erect  any  equipment  under  this  bureaus  jurisdiction  (except  amusement 
rides)  must  submit  blueprints  and  applications  for  approval  before  any  installation 
is  begun.  Any  company  or  person  wanting  to  operate  amusement  devices  is  required 
to  submit  a  location  notice  m  writing  to  the  bureaus  Raleigh  ofhce  at  least  ten  (10) 
days  prior  to  the  intended  date  ol  operation. 

Once  notitied  through  the  permit  application  or  location  notice  processes,  the 
bureau  will  issue  an  installation  permit  which  must  be  posted  on  the  job  site.  All 
new  installations,  as  well  as  all  alterations  to  existing  equipment,  are  inspected.  In 
addition,  bureau  personnel  conduct  regular,  periodic  inspections  of  all  such  operating 
equipment  in  the  state  and  inspect  amusement  rides  before  they  operate  at  each 
location. 

Employers,  institutions  such  as  churches  and  private  individuals  who  desire 
technical  assistance  m  selecting  and  installing  safe  lilting  devices  for  persons  with 
disabilities  can  obtain  inlormation  trom  the  bureau.  The  bureau  also  oflers  architects 
and  builders  a  service  that  reviews  plans  for  code  compliance  on  proposed 
installations  ot  elevators  and  related  equipment. 

Employment  Mediation 

The  Employment  Mediation  Bureau  directs  the  departments  etlorts  to  resolve 
conflicts  between  employees  and  management  in  the  workplace.  Created  by  the 
General  Assembly  in  1941,  the  bureau  seeks  to  broker  voluntary,  amicable  and  | 
swift  settlements  of  disputes  between  employers  and  employees,  disputes  that 
otherwise  would  likely  result  m  strikes,  work  slowdowns  or  lockouts.  The  bureaus 
services  include: 

Mediation:  Upon  application  by  both  parties,  the  Commissioner  of  Labor  will 
assign  a  mediator  to  assist  the  parties  m  their  collective  bargaining  process.  This 
effort  is  voluntary  and  does  not  bind  the  parties  in  any  way  legally. 

Conciliation:  When  there  is  an  imminent  or  existing  labor  dispute,  the 
commissioner  may  assign  a  conciliator  to  help  adjust  and  settle  the  differences 
between  the  parties.  The  conciliation  ettort  has  no  binding  legal  effect  upon  the 
parties. 


246 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Arbitration:  In  1927,  North  Carolina  was  one  of  the  first  states  to  enact  a 
Uniform  Arbitration  Act.  The  act  estabHshes  a  formal  procedure  for  voluntary,  binding 
arbitration  of  questions  in  controversy  betvv^een  two  or  more  parties.  In  1945,  the 
General  xA.ssembly  established  an  arbitration  service  administered  by  the 
Commissioner  of  Labor,  who  appoints  and  maintains  a  voluntan,'  arbitration  panel. 

The  panel  is  composed  of  highly  quaUfied  and  experienced  individuals  who 
have  agreed  to  arbitrate  controversies  and  grievances  relating  primarily  to  wages, 
hours  and  other  conditions  of  employment.  Assignment  or  selection  of  an  arbitrator 
is  made  pursuant  to  provisions  of  a  contract  or  voluntar}'  agreement  between  the 
parties.  In  the  event  the  parties  cannot  agree  on  the  selection  of  an  arbitrator,  the 
N.C.  Administrative  Code  authorizes  the  commissioner  to  appoint  an  arbitrator. 

Wage  and  Hour 

The  Wage  and  Hour  Bureau  is  responsible  for  enforcement  of  the  North  Carolina 
Wage  and  Hour  Act,  the  Controlled  Substance  Examination  Regulation  Act,  Private 
Personnel  Ser\4ces  Act  and  the  Job  Listing  Services  Act. 

I  The  Wage  and  Hour  Act  includes  employee  protection  includes  employee 
protections  for  minimum  wage  and  overtime  payments,  payment  of  amounts 
promised  where  not  required  by  law,  youth  employment  and  record-keeping.  The 
minimum  wage,  overtime  and  youth  employment  provisions  generally  parallel  the 
federal  Fair  Labor  Standards  Act  (FLSA)  and  apply  to  all  businesses  whose  annual 
dollar  volume  is  less  than  $500,000.  The  act  requires  all  businesses,  except  public 
'  sector  employers,  to  pay  promised  wages  including  vacation,  sick  leave,  holiday 
;  pay,  and  rates  of  pay  above  the  statutory  minimum  in  accordance  with  employer 
1  poUcies  or  practices.  The  states  minimum  wage  rate  is  $5.15  per  hour  and  increases 
with  changes  in  the  federal  minimum  wage.  Overtime  is  based  on  hours  actually 
worked  in  a  workweek  and  is  generally  paid  for  hours  in  excess  of  40.  Some 
exemptions  and  alternate  methods  of  calculation  are  allowed.  Written  notification 
of  promised  wage  amounts,  including  changes,  is  required.  Youth  employment 
certificates  are  required  for  all  youth  under  the  age  of  18;  restrictions  on  hours  ol 
work  and  occupations  apply  to  youth  under  18.  Some  exemptions  are  allowed  for 
public  sector,  domestic,  and  agricultural  employers 

The  Controlled  Substance  Examination  Regulation  Act  establishes  procedural 
standards  to  be  followed  by  employers  who  conduct  drug  testing  of  applicants  and 
employees.  The  Act  does  not  include  employee  protections  from  adverse  actions 
by  employers  as  a  result  of  drug  testing. 

The  Private  Personnel  Services  and  Job  Listing  Services  Act  establish  license, 
certification  and  notihcation  requirements  of  agencies  that  hold  themselves  as 
providing  information  or  services  leading  to  employment  ol  an  applicant. 


247 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Employment  Discrimination 

This  bureau  enforces  the  Retaliator)'  Emplo}Tnent  Discrimination  Act.  This  law 
protects  employees  who  in  good  faith  hie  or  initiate  an  inquiry  m  relation  to  workers 
compensation  claims,  or  exercise  their  rights  under  the  stales  Occupational  Safety 
and  Health  Act,  the  Mine  Safety  and  Health  Act,  the  Wage  and  Hour  Act,  service  m 
the  National  Guard,  genetic  testing,  possessing  the  sickle  cell  trait  or  hemoglobin  C 
trait  or  participation  in  the  Juvenile  Justice  System. 

Investigators  from  this  bureau  impartially  examine  all  written  complaints  filed 
with  the  department  under  the  act.  If  a  complaint  does  not  have  merit,  a  right-to- 
suc  letter  is  issued  to  the  complainant,  who  may  then  pursue  the  claim  through 
htigation.  II  the  complaint  is  found  to  be  valid  by  the  bureau,  the  department  attempts 
conciliation  through  informal  means  prior  to  issuing  a  right-to-sue  letter  or  taking 
the  complaint  to  court.  In  addition  to  its  other  duties,  the  bureau  investigates  worker 
complaints  and  collects  back  wages  due  employees. 

Mines  and  Quanies 

The  Mine  and  Quariy  Bureau  enforces  the  1975  Mine  Safety  and  Health  Act  of 
North  Carolina  and  conducts  a  broad  program  of  inspections,  education  and  training, 
technical  assistance  and  consultations  to  implement  provisions  ol  the  act. 

Previous  North  Carolina  law  on  the  operations  and  inspection  of  mines  and 
quarries  in  the  state  dates  back  to  1897.  In  1977  the  U.S.  Congress  enacted  the  ! 
federal  Mine  Safety  and  Health  Act,  rec[uiring  mine  and  quarry  operators  to  meet  ! 
specific  standards  designed  to  achieve  safe  and  healthful  working  conditions  for  i 
the  mdustrys  employees.  \ 

The  Mine  and  Quariy  Bureau  assists  operators  m  complying  v\'ith  the  provisions  j 
of  the  federal  act,  which  requires  them  to  train  their  employees  m  safe  working  i 
procedures.  Some  440  private  sector  mines,  quarries,  and  sand  and  gravel  pit 
operations  employing  more  than  4,650  citizens  are  under  the  divisions  jurisdiction. 
There  also  are  approximatel)'  300  public  sector  mines  m  North  Carolina  operated 
by  the  N.C.  Department  of  Transportation.  These  mines  are  not  under  Department  j 
of  Labor  jurisdiction,  but  personnel  from  public  sector  mines  do  participate  in 
training  programs  conducted  by  the  Mine  and  Quarr)'  Bureau. 

Occupational  Safety  and  Health 

The  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Division  administers  and  enforces  the  1973 
Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Act  of  North  Carolina,  a  broadly-inclusive  law  which 
applies  to  most  private  sector  employment  m  the  state  and  to  all  agencies  of  state 
and  local  government. 

North  Carolina  currently  conducts  one  of  26  state-administered  OSHx-X  programs 
m  the  nation.  The  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  Division,  through  its  Safety 
Compliance  and  Health  Compliance  bureaus,  conducts  more  than  5,000  inspections 

248 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

a  year.  The  division  conducts  investigations  of  complaints  made  by  workers, 
investigations  of  work-related  accidents  and  deaths,  general  schedule  inspections 
of  randomly-selected  firms  and  follow-up  inspections  of  hrms  previously  cited  for 
OSHA  violations.  Inspection  schedules  are  coordinated  through  the  Planning, 
Statistics  and  Information  Management  Bureau.  Worker  complaints  about  unsafe 
or  unhealthy  working  conditions  should  reported  to  the  Occupational  Safety  and 
Health  Di\ision  in  writing,  by  phone  or  on-line  at  the  N.C.  Labor  web  site. 

In  addition  to  enforcing  state  OSIiA.  safety  and  health  standards,  the  North 
Carolina  program  offers  free  consultative  services  to  the  states  220,000  private 
businesses  and  public  employers  under  its  jurisdiction  through  its  Consultative 
Services  Bureau.  The  division  also  offers  engineering,  standards  interpretation  and 
educational  assistance  through  its  Education,  Training  and  Technical  Assistance 
Bureau.  By  making  full  use  of  these  non-enforcement  services,  employers  may  bring 
their  establishments  into  full  compliance  with  OSHA  standards.  Employers  may 
contact  the  bureaus  to  receive  free  aid,  including  technical  assistance  or  on-site 
visits.  Another  feature  of  the  OSH  Division  includes  recognizing  organizations  with 
excellent  safety  and  health  performance  through  the  Safety  Award  and  Carolina  Star 
programs. 

The  North  Carolina  Occupational  Safety  and  Health  standards  parallel  federal 
OSHA  standards.  North  Carolina  workplace  safety  standards  may  be  stricter  than 
the  federal  standards,  but  they  can  not  be  less  strict.  Serious  violations  of  OSHA 
standards  can  result  in  monetary  fines.  When  issuing  citations  for  non-conformance 
with  state  standards,  the  division  provides  employers  with  dates  by  which  the 
\dolations  must  be  abated. 

The  1986  General  Assembly  enacted  a  law  that  requires  housing  pro\aded  to 
migrant  agricultural  laborers  to  be  registered  with  and  inspected  by  the  state. 

Labor-Related  Boards  and  Commissions 
Apprenticeship  Council 

Agricultural  Safety  and  Health  Council 

North  Carolina  Board  of  Boiler  and  Pressure  Vessel  Rules 

Mine  Safety  and  Health  Advisory  Council 

State  Advisory  Council  on  Occupational  Safety  and  Health 

For  further  information  on  the  N.C.  Department  of  Labor,  call  1-800-LABOR- 
NC  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at:  www^.dol. state. nc. us. 


249 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Cherie  Killian  Berry 

Commissioner  of  Labor 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Newton,  Catawba  County,  on  December  21, 
1946,  to  Ear!  and  Lena  Carngan  Killian. 

EducationalBacIzgivund 

Graduated,  Maiden  High  School,  Maiden,  1965;  Lenoir 
Rhyne  College,  1967;  Gaston  Community  College, 
1969;  Oakland  Community  College,  1977. 

Prx)fessiotialBackgrr)und 

Commissioner  of  Labor,  2001 -Present. 

Political  Activities 

Commissioner  of  Labor,  2001-Present;  Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
1993-2001. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

Former  Member,  N.C.  Economic  Development  Board;  Former  Co-Chair,  Welfare 
Reform  Study  Commission;  Former  Member;  Joint  Legislative  Study  Commission 
on  Job  Training  Programs. 

Honors  andAwarxls 

1997  Friend  of  the  Working  People  Award,  N.C.  State  AFL-CIO;  1997  Chairman's 
Award,  N.C.  Employment  Security  Commission;  2003  Carolinas  Associated  General 
Contractors  Pinnacle  Award. 

Pei^sotialln/btrnation 

Married  to  Norman  H.  Berrv,  Ir. 


Commissioners  of  Laboi^ 

Name 

Residence 

Wesley  N.  Jones- 

Wake 

John  C.  Scarborough' 

Hertford 

William  1.  Harris-^ 

Benjamin  R.  Lacy^ 

Wake 

James  Y.  Hamrick" 

Cleveland 

Benjamin  R.  Lacy' 

Wake 

Henrv  B.  Varner'^ 

Davidson 

Mitchell  L.  Shipman 

Henderson 

Franklin  D.  Grist 

Caldwell 

Term 

1887- 

1889- 

1892- 

1893- 

1897- 

1899- 

1901- 

1909- 

1925- 


1889 
1892 
1893 
1897 
1899 
1901 
1909 
1925 
1933 


250 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Commissioners  of  Labor  (continued) 

Name  Residence  Term 

Arthur  L.  Fletcher^  Ashe  1933-1938 

Forest  H.  Shuford^^  Guilford  1938-1954 

Frank  Crane^i  Union  1954-1973 

WiUiam  C.  CreeP^  Wake  1973-1975 

Thomas  A.  Nye,  Jr.^^  Rowan  1975-1977 

John  C.  Brooks^^  Wake  1977-1993 

Harry  E.  Payne,  Jr.^^  New  Hanover  1993-2000 

Cherie  K.  Berry  Catawba  2001 -Present 

^  The  General  Assembly  of  1887  created  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  In  the  act 
establishing  this  agency,  provision  was  made  for  gubernatorial  appointment  of  a 
commissioner  to  a  two-year  term.  In  1899  the  General  Assembly  passed  another 
act  that  allowed  the  General  Assembly  to  elect  the  next  Commissioner  of  Labor 
during  that  session.  The  legislation  also  mandated  that  future  commissioners  be 
elected  in  the  general  elections  -  beginning  in  1900  -  for  a  four-year  term. 

^   Jones  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scales  on  March  5,  1887,  for  a  two-year  term. 

^  Scarborough  was  appointed  by  Governor  Fowle  on  February  15,  1889,  for  a 
two-year  term.  He  was  apparently  re-appointed  in  1891  and  resigned  in  December, 
1892. 

•*  Harris  was  appointed  by  Governor  Holt  on  December  20,  1892,  to  replace 
Scarborough. 

5    Lacy  was  appointed  by  Governor  Carr  on  March  2,  1893,  for  a  two-year  term. 

He  was  re-appointed  on  March  13,  1895. 
^    Hamrick  was  appointed  by  Governor  Russell  on  March  8,  1897  for  a  two-year 

term. 
^    Lacy  was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  on  March  6,  1899. 
^   Varner  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1900. 
5    Fletcher  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1932.  He  resigned  effective 

September  12,  1938. 
1°  Shuford  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hoey  on  September  12,  1938,  to  replace 

Fletcher.  He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1938  and  ser\'ed  following 

subsequent  re-elections  until  his  death  on  May  19,  1954. 
11  Crane  was  appointed  by  Governor  Umstead  on  June  3,  1954,  to  replace  Shuford. 

He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1954. 


251 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

'-  Creel  died  August  25,  1975. 

' '  Governor  Holshouser  appointed  Nye  to  fill  Creels  unexpired  term. 


Brooks  was  elected  m  1976  and  served  through  1992. 

Pa>Tie  was  elected  in  1992  and  began  serving  as  commissioner  on  Januar)-  11, 


14 
1  5 

1993.  He  was  re-elected  m  1996 


252 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  Insurance 

North  Carolina's  General  Assembly  established  the  N.C.  Department  of  Insurance 
on  March  6,  1899.  The  departments  legal  mandate  included  licensing  and  regulating 
insurance  companies  operating  within  the  states  borders.  Prior  to  the  formation  of 
the  Department  of  Insurance,  the  N.C.  Department  of  the  Secretary  of  State  had  the 
responsibility  of  regulating  the  states  insurance  industry. 

The  General  Assembly  itself  selected  the  first  Commissioner  of  Insurance,  James 
R.  Young  of  Vance  County  The  General  Assembly  authorized  a  referendum  to  amend 
the  states  constitution  in  1907  to  provide  for  the  election  of  the  Commissioner  of 
Insurance  by  the  vote  of  the  people  of  North  Carolina.  Since  then,  Commissioners 
of  Insurance  have  been  elected  to  four-year  terms. 

The  Department  of  Insurance  regulates  the  various  kinds  of  insurance  sold  in 
North  Carolina,  as  well  as  the  companies  and  agencies  that  sell  these  policies.  The 
department: 

Regulates  the  formation  and  operation  of  insurance  companies  in  North 
Carolina. 

Enforces  the  minimum  financial  standards  required  by  law  for  licensing 
and  continued  operations  of  insurers. 

Regulates  the  premium  rates  insurers  charge  their  customers,  the 
language  in  the  insurance  poKcies  they  issue  and  their  risk  classification 
systems. 

Requires  that  insurers  and  agents  make  periodic  financial  disclosures. 

Conducts  audits  of  insurers  to  monitor  their  solvency. 

Licenses  and  regulates  agents,  brokers  and  claim  adjusters. 

Prescribes  and  defines  what  kinds  of  insurance  may  be  sold  in  North 
Carolina. 

Provides  information  to  insurance  consumers  about  their  rights  and 
responsibilities  under  the  terms  of  their  policies. 

Prohibits  unfair  and  deceptive  trade  practices  by  or  among  people  in  the 
insurance  industry. 

The  Department  of  Insurance  also  licenses  and  regulates  bail  bondsmen,  motor 
clubs,  premium  finance  companies  and  collection  agencies.  The  department  proxides 
staff  support  to  the  North  Carolina  State  Building  Code  Council,  the  Manufactured 
Housing  Board,  the  North  Carolina  Home  Inspectors  Licensure  Board,  the  State  Fire 
and  Rescue  Commission,  the  Public  Officers'  and  Employees'  Liability  Insurance 
Commission,  the  Arson  Awareness  Council  and  the  Code  Officials  Qualifications 
Board. 


253 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  depart menl  provides  training  lor  ftre  and  rescue  squad  workers  and 
certification  of  lire  departments  for  purposes  of  fire  insurance  ratings.  The  Department 
of  Insurance  is  divided  into  the  follovv'ing  entities: 

Administration  Division 

This  division  provides  research  for  the  Commissioner  of  Insurance  when  setting 
poHcy  and  goals  and  priorities  for  the  Department  of  Insurance.  The  division  also 
administers  the  departments  budget  and  personnel  operations. 

Public  Services  Group 

This  group  consists  of  four  separate  divisions.  The  Agents  Services  Division 
regulates  and  issues  licenses  for  insurance  agents,  adjusters,  brokers  and  appraisers. 
The  division  additionally  reviews  license  applications  and  licensing  examinations 
and  maintains  a  tile  on  every  licensed  insurance  professional  doing  business  in 
North  Carolina. 

The  Consumer  Services  Di\ision  assists  North  Carolina  consumers  by  answering 
their  insurance  questions  and  resolving  their  insurance  problems.  A  staff  of  consumer 
specialists  advises  and  acquaints  consumers  with  courses  of  action  they  may  pursue 
to  resolve  their  particular  insurance  problem. 

The  Investigations  Division  is  responsible  for  investigating  criminal  violations 
of  North  Carolina's  insurance  laws.  Requests  for  investigations  come  trom  within 
the  department,  consumers,  law  enforcement  agencies,  local,  state  and  federal 
agencies  and  insurance  companies.  The  Investigations  Division  is  also  responsible 
lor  licensing  and  regulating  insurance  premium  finance  companies,  professional 
bail  bondsmen  and  runners,  collection  agencies  and  motor  clubs  and  investigating 
all  complaints  involving  these  entities. 

Company  Services  Group 

The  responsibilities  ot  the  Financial  Evaluation  Division  are  to  monitor  the  | 
solvency  of  all  insurance  companies  under  the  supervision  ot  the  Commissioner  of 
Insurance;  to  review  and  recommend  for  admission  out-of-state,  domestic  and 
surplus  lines  companies  seeking  to  transact  business  in  the  state;  to  examine  and 
audit  domestic  and  foreign  insurance  organizations  licensed  in  North  Carolina; 
and  to  ensure  the  hnancial  solvency  and  employee  stability  of  self-msured  workers 
compensation  groups  m  the  state. 

The  Actuarial  Services  Division  assists  m  the  review  of  rate,  form  and  statistical  j 
filings.  In  addition,  this  division  provides  actuarial  studies  for  financial  evaluation  I 
work  and  is  involved  in  special  projects  and  studies.  ; 

The  Information  Systems  Division  manages  the  departments  information 
technology  resources,  including  data  processing,  word  processing,  ottice  automation, 
data  communications  and  voice  communications. 


254 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  Administrative  Supemsion  Division  closely  monitors  the  financial  condition 
and  operations  of  domestic  insurance  companies  to  determine  whether  a  troubled 
entity  can  be  prevented  from  going  into  formal  delinquency  proceedings  by  returning 
the  insurer  to  sound  financial  condition  and  good  business  practices. 

Technical  Services  Group 

The  Property  and  Casualty  Division  reviews  homeowners,  automobile,  workers 
compensation  and  other  personal,  commercial  property  or  casualty  insurance 
policies,  rates  and  rules. 

The  Life  and  Health  Di\dsion  re\'iews  rate,  rule  and  policy  form  filings  made  by 
life  and  health  insurance  companies.  The  division  also  licenses  third-party 
administrators  (TPAs)  and  regulates  companies  selling  \datical  settlements. 

The  Market  Examinations  Division  conducts  on-site  examinations  of  the  market 
practices  of  domestic  and  foreign  insurers  and  their  representatives. 

The  Managed  Care  and  Health  Benefits  Division  monitors  and  regulates  the 
activities  of  health  maintenance  organizations  (HMOs),  preferred  provider 
organization  (PPO)  health  plans  and  multiple  employer  welfare  arrangements 
(MEWAs).  The  divisions  emphasis  is  on  how  the  activities  of  these  arrangements 
affect  North  Carolina  consumers.  This  regulation  is  carried  out  through  on-site 
examination  of  company  operations  and  re\iew  of  company  information  regarding 
managed  care. 

The  Seniors'  Health  Insurance  Information  Program  has  trained  thousands  of 
adults  in  every  North  Carolina  county  to  counsel  other  older  adults  in  the  areas  of 
Medicare  regulations.  Medicare  supplement  insurance,  long-term  care  insurance  and 
claims  procedures. 

Office  of  General  Counsel 

The  Office  of  General  Counsel  ad\ases  department  personnel  on  legal  matters 
and  acts  as  liaison  to  the  Office  of  Attorney  General. 

Office  of  the  State  Fire  Marshall  (OSFM) 

The  Office  of  the  State  Fire  Marshall  has  six  divisions  carrying  out  the 
commissioners  responsibiUty  as  State  Fire  Marshall.  The  Engineering  Division  has 
primary  responsibiUty  for  administering  the  state  building  code.  This  division  also 
serves  as  staff  to  the  North  Carolina  Building  Code  Council,  the  North  Carolina 
Code  Officials  QuaHfications  Board  and  the  Home  Inspectors  Licensure  Board.  The 
division  is  divided  into  seven  sections:  code  consultation,  electrical,  mechanical, 
modular,  inspector  certification,  accessibility  and  code  council.  The  division  provides 
code  interpretations  to  city  and  county  inspection  officials,  architects,  engineers, 
contractors,  material  suppliers  and  manufacturers,  other  state  agencies,  attorneys 
and  the  general  public,  administers  certification  of  code  officials,  reviews  building 
plans  and  inspects  electrical  systems  in  new  or  renovated  state-owned  buildings. 

255 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Manutaclured  Building  Division  works  to  ensure  that  construction  standards 
for  manulactured  homes  are  maintained  and  that  warranty  obUgations  under  state 
law  are  met.  This  division  monitors  manulacturers'  handling  of  consumer 
complaints;  licenses  the  makers  ol  manulactured  homes,  dealers  and  set-up 
contractors;  and  acts  as  stalf  lor  the  North  Carolina  Manulactured  Housing  Board. 

The  State  Property  Fire  Insurance  Fund  Division  administers  the  self-insurance 
fund  for  state-owned  property  and  vehicles  and  assists  local  governments  with 
property  and  casualty  insurance  programs.  The  program  also  provides  professional 
liability  coverage  for  law  enforcement  ofhcers,  public  ofhcials  and  employees  of 
any  political  subdi\'ision  ol  the  state.  The  program  provides  staff,  administration 
and  research  services  to  the  Public  Officers  and  Employees  Liability  Insurance 
Commission. 

The  Fire  and  Rescue  Services  Area,  consisting  of  three  divisions,  administers 
the  Firemen's  Relief  Fund;  develops  and  carries  out  training  lor  lire  departments 
and  rescue  sc[uads;  provides  staff  to  the  Fire  and  Rescue  Commission;  and  works 
to  improve  hre  and  rescue  protection  in  the  state  in  association  with  the  North 
Carolina  Firemen's  Association  and  the  North  Carolina  Association  of  Rescue  Sc[uads. 

Insurance- Related  Boards  and  Commissions 
N.C.  Building  Code  Council 

N.C.  Code  OfiBcials  Qualification  Board 

N.C.  Manufectured  Housing  Board 

N.C.  Home  Inspections  Licensure  Boai'd 

N.C.  Fire  and  Rescue  Commission 

N.C.  Public  Officers  and  Ejtnployees  Liability^  Insurance  Commission 

N.C.  Arson  Awareness  Council 

For  more  inlormation  about  the  Department  of  Insurances  services,  call 
Consumer  Services  at  (91Q)  733-2032  or  Toll-free  (800)  546-5664.  You  can  also 
visit  the  N.C.  Department  of  Insurances  Web  site  at  www^. ncdoi.com/ncdoi . 


256 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 


James  Eugene  Long 

Commissioner  of  Insurance 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Burlington,  Alamance  County,  March 
19,  1940,  to  George  Attmore  and  Helen  Brooks 
Long. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Burlington  City  Schools;  Graduate,  Walter  M. 
Williams  High  School,  1958;  North  Carolina 
State  University,  1958-62;  A.B.,  University  of 
North  Carolina-Chapel  Hill,  1963;  Juris  Doctor, 
University  of  North  Carolina-Chapel  Hill  School 
of  Law,  1966. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney. 

Political  Activities 

Insurance  Commissioner  and  State  Fire  Marshal,  1985-present.  Member,  N.C.  House 
of  Representatives,  1971-73  and  1975;  represented  Alamance  County  (as  did  his 
father  and  grandfather). 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  and  Community  Service  Organizations 

Chair,  NC  Safe  Kids;  Member,  NC  Prevention  Partners;  Past  President,  National 
Association  of  Insurance  Commissioners. 

Elective  orAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Arson  Avv^areness  Council;  NC  Manufactured  Housing  Board;  N.C.  Council 
of  State. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married,  Mary  Margaret  O'Connell.  Two  children.  Seven  grandchildren. 

Commissioners  of  Insurance 

Name 

James  R.  Young-^ 
Stacey  W  Wade^ 
Daniel  C.  Boney"^ 
William  P  Hodges^ 
Waldo  C.  Cheek^ 
Charles  F.  Gold' 
Edwin  S.  Lanier - 
John  R.  Ingram*^ 
James  E.  Long^*-^ 


257 


Residence 

Term 

Vance 

1899-1921 

Carteret 

1921-1927 

Surry 

1927-1942 

Martin 

1942-1949 

Moore 

1949-1953 

Rutherford 

1953-1962 

Orange 

1962-1973 

Randolph 

1973-1985 

Alamance 

1985-Present 

NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

'  The  General  Assembly  of  1899  created  the  Department  of  hisurance  with 
provisions  that  the  tirst  commissioner  would  be  elected  by  the  current  General 
Assembly  with  future  commissioners  appointed  by  the  governor  for  a  four-year 
term.  (Public  Laws,  1899,  Chapter  54.)  In  1907,  the  General  Assembly  passed  a 
bill  which  provided  lor  the  election  of  the  commissioner  m  the  general  elections, 
beginning  in  1908.  (Public  Laws,  Chapter  868). 

'  Young  was  elected  b\'  the  General  Assembly  on  March  6,  1899.  He  was  appointed 
by  Governor  Ayccx'k  m  1901  and  served  following  re-appomtment  m  1905  until 
1908  when  he  was  elected  m  the  general  elections. 

^  Wade  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1920  and  sewed  following  re-election 
m  1924  until  his  resignation  on  November  15,  1927. 

"^  Boney  was  appointed  by  Governor  McLean  on  November  15,  1927,  to  replace 
Wade.  He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1928  and  served  following 
subsequent  re-elections  until  his  death  on  September  7,  1942. 

-  Hodges  was  appointed  by  Governor  Broughton  on  September  10,  1942,  to  replace 
Boney.  He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1944  and  served  following  re- 
election in  1948  until  his  resignation  m  June,  1949. 

""  Cheek  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott  on  June  14,  1949,  to  replace  Hodges. 
He  was  elected  m  the  general  elections  of  1950  to  complete  Hodges'  unexpired 
term.  He  was  elected  to  a  full  term  m  1952  and  served  until  his  resignation 
effective  October  15,  1953. 

'  Gold  was  appointed  by  Governor  Llmstead  on  November  16,  1953,  to  replace 
Cheek.  He  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1954  to  complete  Cheeks 
unexpired  term.  He  v/as  elected  to  a  full  term  in  1956  and  served  following  re- 
election m  1960  until  his  death  on  June  28,  1962. 

"  Lanier  was  appointed  by  Governor  Sanlord  on  July  5,  1962  to  replace  Gold. 
Lanier  was  elected  in  the  general  elections  of  1962  to  complete  Golds  unexpired 
term.  He  was  elected  to  a  lull  term  m  1964  and  ser\'ed  until  he  declined  to  run 
for  re-election  m  1972. 

'='    Ingram  was  elected  m  1972  and  seived  until  1984. 

'''  Long  was  elected  m  1984  and  was  re-elected  m  1988,  1992,  1996  and  2000. 


258 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  Administration 

The  N.C.  Department  of  Administration  is  often  referred  to  as  the  "business 
manager"  of  state  government.  Created  in  1957,  the  department  provides  numerous 
services  for  state  government  agencies.  As  the  states  business  manager,  the  department 
oversees  such  operations  as  buildmg  construction,  purchasing  and  contracting  for 
goods  and  services,  maintaining  facihties,  managing  state  vehicles,  pohcing  the 
State  Government  Complex,  acquiring  and  disposing  of  real  property  and  operating 
auxiliary  services  such  as  courier  mail  delivery  and  the  sale  of  state  and  federal 
surplus  property.  The  department  offers  other  services,  inckiding  pubhc  service 
telecasts  provided  by  the  Agency  for  Public  Telecommunications.  The  department 
assists  North  Carolina's  miUtary  veterans  through  the  Division  of  Veterans  Affairs. 

In  addition  to  its  role  as  a  service  pro\ider  to  other  state  agencies,  the  Department 
of  Administration  provides  staff  support  to  several  councils  and  commissions  which 
advocate  for  the  special  needs  of  North  Carolina's  citizens.  These  programs  include 
the  Governor's  Advocacy  Council  for  Persons  with  Disabilities,  the  N.C.  Human 
Relations  Commission,  the  N.C.  Commission  of  Indian  Affairs,  the  Youth  Advocacy 
and  Involvement  Ofhce  and  the  N.C.  Council  for  Women.  All  of  the  advocacy 
programs  have  an  appointed  council  supported  by  a  state  staff. 

The  North  Carolina  Department  of  Administration  was  re-estabhshed  by  the 
Executive  Organization  Act  of  197 1 ,  to  bring  more  efficient  and  effective  management 
to  state  government.  Prior  to  the  act's  enactment,  over  300  agencies  reported  directly 
to  the  governor.  Recognizing  the  difhculty  of  providing  good  management  under 
those  conditions,  state  legislators  re-created  the  Department  of  Administration.  The 
act  called  for  the  department  to  "serve  as  a  staff  agency  to  the  governor  and  to 
provide  for  such  ancillary  services  as  other  departments  of  state  government  might 
need  to  ensure  efficient  and  effective  operations." 

The  North  Carolina  Department  of  Administration's  mission  is  to  provide  high- 
quaUty  services  effectively  efficiently  and  economically  to  its  customers  -  the  citizens, 
agencies  and  communities  of  North  Carolina.  The  department  is  committed  to  quality 
service,  excellence,  integrity. 

The  Department  of  Administration  strives  to  serve  as  a  role  model  ol  stale 
government,  working  to  ensure  that  taxpayers'  dollars  are  used  wisely  and  that 
good  management  is  pervasive.  The  department's  Human  Resources  Management 
Ofhce  offers  training  to  top-level  managers  in  the  skills  they  need  to  make  their 
agencies  operate  efhciently  and  effectively  The  department  is  led  by  the  Secretary  of 
Administration,  an  appointee  of  the  governor.  There  are  several  officers  who  report 
directly  to  the  secretary,  including  the  Deputy  Secretary  for  Government  Operations, 
The  Deputy  Secretary  for  Internal  Services  and  Programs,  the  General  Counsel,  ihe 
Assistant  Secretary  and  the  Public  Information  Officer.  The  department  includes  ihc 
following  divisions: 


259 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Agency  for  Public  Telecommunications 

The  Agency  lor  Public  Telecommunications  operates  public  telecommunications 
lacilities  and  provides  state  agencies  with  communications  services  designed  to 
enhance  public  participation  in  government.  The  agency  operates  a  television  and 
radio  production  studio  that  offers  media  production,  teleconferencing  and  pubUc 
serx'ice  telecasts,  such  as  OPEN/net.  Programs  are  transmitted  via  cable,  satellite  and 
other  communications  technologies. 

Division  of  Veterans  Affairs 

The  Division  of  Veterans  Affairs  assists  North  Carolina  miUtary  veterans,  their 
dependents  and  the  dependents  of  deceased  veterans  m  obtaining  and  maintaining 
those  rights  and  benehts  to  which  they  are  entitled  by  law. 

Office  of  Fiscal  Management 

The  OtTice  of  Fiscal  Management  accounts  for  all  fiscal  actix'ity  of  the  department 
in  conlormity  with  the  requirements  of  the  Office  of  State  Budget  and  Management, 
the  Office  of  State  Controller,  the  Department  of  State  Auditor  and  federal  funding 
agencies.  The  office  files  timely  financial  reports;  invoices  user  agencies  for  central 
services;  and  recommends  and  administers  fiscal  policy  within  the  department. 

Human  Resources  Management  Office 

The  fiuman  Resources  Management  Office  provides  a  range  of  ser\nces  for  the 
Department  of  Administration,  the  Office  of  Lieutenant  Governor,  the  Low-Level 
Radioactive  Waste  Management  Authority  and  the  Board  of  Science  and  Technology. 
These  services  encompass  all  major  areas  of  public  personnel  administration  in 
accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  State  Personnel  Act.  The  Personnel  Division 
is  responsible  for  employee  selection  and  recruitment,  position  management,  training 
and  development,  employee  and  management  relations  and  health  benetits 
administration. 

Public  Infonnation  Office 

The  Public  Inlormation  Office  helps  the  department  enhance  its  communications 
with  the  people  of  the  state  and  other  governmental  agencies.  Responsibilities  include 
assistance  with  public  inquiries,  media  relations,  news  releases,  publications, 
graphics,  editing,  publicit);  speech  writing  and  counseling  the  secretary's  executive 
staff,  division  directors  and  employees  on  the  best  wa)'  to  communicate  with  the 
public. 

State  and  Local  Goventment  Affairs  Di\ision 

The  State  and  Local  Gox'ernment  Affairs  Division  works  with  local  governments 
and  their  regional  organizations.  This  division  manages  the  Appalachian  Regional 
Commission  grant  program,  coordinates  project  reviews  required  by  the  state  and 

260 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

national  Environmental  Protection  Acts,  and  operates  a  project  notification,  re\iew 
and  comment  system  to  provide  information  to  state  and  local  agencies  and  the 
public  about  projects  supported  with  public  funds. 

Motor  Fleet  Management  Division 

The  Motor  Fleet  Management  Division  provides  passenger  vehicles  to  state 
agencies  for  employees  in  the  performance  of  their  duties.  This  division  is  a  receipt- 
supported  operation  that  purchases,  maintains,  assigns  and  manages  the  States 
centralized  fleet  of  approximately  5,500  vehicles  and  enforces  state  policy  and 
regulations  concerning  the  use  of  the  vehicles. 

Purchase  and  Contract  Division 

The  Division  of  Purchase  and  Contract  serv^es  as  the  central  purchasing  authority 
for  state  government  and  certain  other  entities.  Contracts  are  established  for  the 
purchase,  lease  and  lease-purchase  of  goods  and  ser\dces  required  by  state  agencies, 
institutions,  public  school  districts,  community  colleges  and  the  university  system. 
Those  goods  and  ser\aces  currently  total  nearly  $1.2  billion  each  fiscal  year. 

Local  governments,  charitable  non-proht  hospitals,  local  non-profit  community 
sheltered  workshops,  certain  child  placement  agencies  or  residential  child  care 
faciUties,  volunteer  non-profit  fire  departments  and  rescue  squads  may  also  use  the 
services  of  the  Division  of  Purchase  and  Contract.  The  division  operates  the  Federal 
Surplus  Property  program,  which  acquires  and  donates  available  federal  surplus 
property  to  eligible  state  recipients  —  government  agencies,  non-profit  educational 
institutions  and  pubUc  health  facilities.  Operation  costs  for  this  program  are  funded 
by  receipts  from  sales.  The  division  also  operates  the  State  Surplus  Property  program. 
This  program  sells  supplies,  materials  and  equipment  owned  by  the  state  that  are 
surplus,  obsolete  or  unused. 

State  Construction  Office 

The  State  Construction  Office  is  responsible  for  the  administration  of  planning, 
design  and  construction  of  all  state  facilities,  including  the  university  and  comniunii\' 
college  systems.  It  also  provides  the  architectural  and  engineering  ser\'ices  necessary 
to  carry  out  the  capital  improvement  program  for  all  stale  institutions  and  agencies. 

State  Property  Office 

The  State  Property  Office  is  responsible  for  state  governments  acquisition  and 
disposition  of  all  interest  m  real  property  whether  by  purchase,  sale,  exercise  of 
power  of  eminent  domain,  lease  or  rental.  The  olTice  maintains  a  computerized 
inventory  of  land  and  buildings  owned  or  leased  by  the  Stale  and  prepares  and 
maintains  floor  plans  for  state  buildings. 


261 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Govenwr^s  Advocacy  Council  for  Persons  with  Disabilities 

The  Governors  Advocacy  Council  for  Persons  with  Disabihties  pursues 
appropriate  remedies,  including  legal  action,  on  behalf  of  disabled  citizens  who  feel 
they  have  suffered  discrimination.  This  council  also  offers  technical  assistance 
regarding  disability  issues;  provides  information  on  accessing  Social  Security 
disability  benehts;  promotes  employment  opportunities  for  disabled  persons;  and 
reviews  policies  and  legislation  relating  to  persons  with  disabilities. 

North  Carolina  Council  for  Women  and  Domestic  Violence  Commission 

The  North  Carolina  Council  for  Women  and  Domestic  Violence  Commission 
were  consolidated  m  2001  in  order  to  bring  greater  efhciency  to  the  two  agencies. 
The  Council  for  Women  advises  the  governor,  the  General  Assembly  and  other 
state  departments  on  the  special  needs  of  women  in  North  Carolina.  The  council 
administers  state  and  federal  funds  to  local  non-proht  groups  senmg  victims  of 
sexual  assault  and  domestic  violence.  The  Domestic  Violence  Commission  is  the 
states  hrst  permanent  commission  to  coordinate  strategy,  policy,  programs  and 
services  to  combat  domestic  violence.  The  commissions  purposes  are  to  assess 
statewide  needs  related  to  domestic  violence  and  assure  that  necessary  ser\'ices, 
policies  and  programs  are  provided  to  those  m  need. 

North  Carolina  Commission  of  Indian  Affairs 

The  Commission  of  Indian  Affairs  advocates  for  the  rights  of  Native  American 
Indian  citizens.  The  commission  works  for  the  implementation  or  continuation  of 
programs  for  Native  American  Indian  citizens  of  North  Carolina.  The  commission 
provides  aid  and  protection  for  Native  American  Indians;  assists  Native  American 
Indian  communities  m  social  and  economic  development;  promotes  unity  among 
all  Native  American  Indians;  and  encourages  the  right  of  Native  American  Indians 
to  pursue  cultural  and  religious  traditions  they  consider  sacred  and  meaningful. 

North  Carolina  Human  Relations  Commission 

The  Human  Relations  Commission  provides  services  and  programs  aimed  at 
improving  relationships  among  all  citizens  of  the  state,  while  seeking  to  ensure 
equal  opportunities  m  the  areas  of  employment,  housing,  public  accommodation, 
recreation,  education,  justice  and  governmental  services.  The  commission  also 
enforces  the  North  Carolina  Fair  Housing  Law. 


262 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Youth  Advocacy  and  Involvement  Office 

The  Youth  Advocacy  and  Involvement  Office  seeks  to  tap  the  productivity  of 
the  youth  of  North  Carohna  through  participation  in  community  services  and 
leadership  development.  Experiential  education  opportunities  are  provided  to  young 
adults  through  an  internship  program.  The  office  provides  advocacy  for  individuals 
in  need  of  child  or  youth  services  in  the  state  and  makes  recommendations  to  the 
governor,  the  General  Assembly  and  other  policy-making  groups. 

Facility  Management  Division 

The  Facility  Management  Division  provides  preventive  maintenance  and  repair 
services  to  the  State  Government  Complex  and  some  facilities  used  by  government 
vv^orkers  in  outlying  areas.  Services  include  construction;  renovation;  housekeeping; 
landscaping;  steam  plant,  HVAC  and  elevator  maintenance;  pest  control;  parking 
supervision  and  lock  shop  operations. 

Management  Information  Systems  Division 

The  Management  Information  Systems  Division  provides  a  central  resource  of 
management  consulting  services  with  emphasis  on  improving  operations,  reducing 
costs,  and  improving  service  delivery  for  all  divisions  in  the  Department.  This 
ofhce  develops  integrated  data  processing  plans,  and  provides  implementation 
guidance,  consultation  and  assistance  to  the  department. 

State  Capitol  Police 

The  State  Capitol  Police,  a  law  enforcement  agency,  with  police  powers 
throughout  Raleigh,  provides  security  and  property  protection  for  state  government 
facilities  in  the  city  The  agency  protects  employees,  secures  state-ovmed  property 
assists  visitors  to  state  facilities,  investigates  crimes  committed  on  state  property, 
and  monitors  burglar  and  fire  alarms. 

Historically  Underutilized  Business  (HUB)  Office 

HUB  serves  as  an  advocate  for  businesses  owned  by  minorities,  women  and 
persons  with  disabilities  in  their  efforts  to  conduct  business  with  the  State  of  North 
Carolina.  The  Hub  Office  provides  vendors  access  to  on-line  vendor  registration, 
conducts  on-lme  HUB  certification  and  provides  technical  assistance  and  training 
on  how  to  conduct  business  with  government  purchasing  and  construction  arms. 
Its  core  functions  include  increasing  the  amount  of  goods  and  services  acquired  by 
the  state  from  HUBs;  ensuring  the  absence  of  barriers  that  reduce  the  participation 
of  HUBs;  and  encouraging  state  purchasing  offices  to  identify  prospective  HUB 
vendors  and  service  providers. 


263 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Mail  Service  Center 

The  MSC  is  a  full-service,  centralized  mail  operation  for  state  government  that 
includes  the  processing  and  delivery  of  outbound  and  inbound  U.S.  mail  and 
interoffice  mail  for  state  offices  in  Wake  County  and  courier  mail  services  for  state 
agencies,  community  colleges,  public  school  systems  and  the  university  system  m 
all  100  counties.  Located  off  Blue  Ridge  Road  m  Raleigh,  the  Mail  Ser\'ice  Center  is 
the  result  of  the  consolidation  of  26  mailrooms  out  of  39  in  state  government  m 
Raleigh  as  of  July  f999. 

State  Parking  System  Office 

This  office  is  responsible  for  planning,  developing  and  implementing  parking 
in  the  State  Government  Complex,  which  includes  over  8,000  spaces  and  three 
visitor  lots.  The  office  also  administers  the  state  employees'  commuting  program  in 
the  downtown  complex  and  works  closely  with  parking  coordinators  m  the  various 
state  government  departments. 

Division  of  Non-Public  Education  (DNPE) 

This  division  serves  as  a  liaison  between  state  government,  conventional  private 
elementaiy  and  secondaiy  schools,  home  schools  and  the  general  public.  DNPE 
provides  oversight  to  North  Carolina's  private  elementary  and  secondary  schools. 
The  division  is  responsible  for  verifying,  by  periodic  inspection  ot  certain  school 
records,  that  all  such  schools  meet  statutory  requirements.  DNPE  maintains  current 
statistical  data  on  each  pnx'ate  elementary  and  secondary  school  in  the  state.  That 
data  IS  published  annually  as  the  N.C.  Duvciovy  of  Non-Puhlk  Schools. 

Administration-Related  Boards  and  Commissions 

Board  ofTrustees  of  the  N.C.  Public  Einployee  DefeiTed  Compensation  Plan 

Commission  on  Prevention  and  Tieatment  oof  Substance  Abuse  and 
Addiction 

Domestic  Violence  Commission 

North  Carolina  Energy  Policy^  Council 

North  Carolina  Housing  Partnership 

Historically  UndeiTitilized  Business  Advisory  Council 

Incentive  Bonus  Review  Committee 

Governor's  Advocacy  Council  for  Persons  with  Disabilities 

Governor  s  Advocacy  Council  on  Childien  and  Youth 

N.C.  Council  for  Women 

N.C.  Boai'd  of  Public  Telecommunications 

264 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Republic  ofMoldova  and  the  State  ofNorth  Carolina  Partnership 
Program 

N.C.  Human  Relations  Commission 

N.C.  State  Commission  on  Indian  Afifairs 

N.C.  Internship  Council 

Martin  Luther  King,  Jr.  Commission 

Persian  GulfWar  Memorial  Commission 

N.C.  State  Building  Commission 

Southeast  Compact  Commission  for  Low-Level  Radioactive  Wasre 
ManagEsment 

State  Youth  Advisory  Council 

Veterans' Afl&irs  Commission 

N.C.  State  Indian  Housing  Authority 

Underage  DrinkingStudy  Commission 

N.C.  Wireless  911  Board 

For  more  information  about  the  N.C.  Department  of  Administration,  call  (919) 
807-2425.  You  can  also  visit  the  department's  Web  site  at  www.doa.state.nc.us/ 
DOA. 


265 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


GwynnT.Swinson 

Secretary  of  Administration 

Early  Year^ 

Born  m  New  York,  N.Y.,  on  March  10,  1953,  to  G.T. 
and  Romaine  Godlev  Swinson. 

EdiicationalBacIigixjiind 

Sandy  Springs  High  School,  Sandy  Springs,  Md.; 
B.A.,  Antioch  College,  1973;  J. D.  Antioch  School  of 
Law,  Antioch  College,  1976;  Master  of  Law,  Duke 
Law  School,  Duke  University,  1986. 

Prx)fessionalBacJigir)und 

Secretary  of  the  N.C.  Department  of  Administration, 

2001 -Present;  Special  Deputy  Attorney  General  for  Administration,  N.C.  Department 

of  Justice. 

Political  Activities 

Secretaiy  of  the  N.C.  Department  of  Administration,  2001-Present. 

Business/Ptx)fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

The  Healing  Place;  Board  of  Directors,  YWCA. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boaiyis  and  Commissions 

Chair,  N.C.  Public  Employees  Deferred  Compensation  Plan;  Chair,  Agency  for  Public 
Telecommunications;  Domestic  Violence  Commission. 

Honors  and  Awards 

2002  YWCA  Academy  of  Women;  2003  Carolinian  of  the  Week,  News  Channel 
14;  2003  Women  in  Business  Award,  Triangle  Business  Journal. 

Per^sonalln/onnation 

Two  children. 


Secretaries  of  Administration 

Name 

Paul  A.  Johnston' 
David  S.  Coltrane- 
Hugh  Cannon 
Edward  L.  Rankin,  Jr.^ 
Wayne  A.  Corpening"* 
William  L.  Turner 
William  L.  Bondurant^ 
Bruce  A.  Lentz" 
Joseph  W  Grimsley 
Jane  S.  Patterson  (acting)' 


Residence 

Orange 

Wake 

Wake 

Wake 

Forsyth 

Wake 

Forsyth 

Wake 

Wake 


Term 

1957- 

1960- 

1961- 

1965- 

1967- 

1969- 

1973- 

1974- 

1977- 

1979- 


1960 
1961 
1965 
1967 
1969 
1973 
1974 
1977 
1979 
1980 


266 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Secretaries  of  Administration  (continued) 

Name  Residence  Term 

Joseph  W  GrimsleyS  Wake  1980-1981 

Jane  S.  Patterson'^  Wake  1981-1985 

Grace  J.  Rohrer^o  Orange  1985-1987 

James  S.  Lofton^^  Wake  1987-1993 

Katie  G.  Dorsett^-  Guilford  1993-2000 

Gwynn  T.  Smson  Wake  2001 -Present 

^  Johnston  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hodges  and  serv^ed  until  his  resignation 
effective  August  31,  1960. 

^  Coltrane  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hodges  to  replace  Johnston.  He  was 
reappointed  by  Governor  Sanford  on  January  6,  1961,  and  served  until  November, 
1961,  when  he  was  appointed  chair  of  the  Advisory  Budget  Commission. 

^  Rankin  was  appointed  by  Governor  Moore  to  replace  Coltrane  and  ser\'ed  until 
his  resignation  effective  September  30,  1967. 

^  Corpening  was  appointed  by  Governor  Moore  to  replace  Rankin  and  served 
until  the  end  of  the  Moore  Administration.  Press  Release,  September  14,  1967; 
Moore  Papers,  Appointments,  1965-1968. 

^  Bondurant  was  appointed  on  January  5,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Turner  and  resigned  effective  June  21,  1974. 

^  Lentz  was  appointed  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace  Bondurant.  Copy  of 
Commission  to  Lentz,  July  1,  1974,  Division  of  Publications,  Department  of  the 
Secretary  of  State,  Raleigh. 

''  Patterson  sei^ved  as  acting  departmental  secretary  when  Grimsley  took  a  leave  of 
absence  to  serve  as  campaign  manager  for  Governor  Hunt. 

^  Grimsley  resigned  effective  August  1 ,  1981 ,  following  his  appointment  as  secretar>' 
for  the  Department  of  Natural  Resources  and  Community  Development. 

"    Patterson  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  to  replace  Grimsley 

'"  Rohrer  was  appointed  by  Governor  Martin. 

' '  Lofton  was  appointed  by  Governor  Martin. 

'-  Dorsett  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Department  of  Commerce 

when  it  was  established  as  part  of  the  State  Government  Reorganization  Act  of 
1971,  the  Department  of  Commerce  (DOC)  consisted  almost  entirely  of  regulatory 
agencies  and  the  Employment  Security  Commission. 

While  those  responsibilities  continue  to  be  a  very  important  part  of  DOCs  role 
in  state  government,  the  department  over  the  years  has  evolved  into  the  states  lead 
agency  for  economic,  community  and  workforce  development.  The  department 
promotes  a  wide  variety  of  opportunities  to  improve  the  economy  of  the  entire  Tar 
Heel  State,  rural  and  urban  areas  alike.  Promoting  tourism,  exporting,  film 
production,  community  revitalization  and  mdustr)'  recruitment  are  some  of  the 
activities  the  department  undertakes.  The  Secretary  of  Commerce  is  appointed  by 
the  governor.  Three  assistant  secretaries  and  two  executive  directors  help  with  the 
departments  operations.  The  departments  operating  budget  currently  totals  more 
than  $600  million  and  over  3,300  full-time  staff.  Department  functions  include: 

The  Assistant  Secretary  for  Community  Development  directly  administers  the 
lollowmg  programs: 

Division  of  Community  Assistance 

The  Division  of  Community  Assistance  assists  local  governments  across  the 
state  through  economic  development,  community  development,  growth  management 
and  downtown  revitalization.  DCA  has  four  major  components:  the  N.  C.  Mam 
Street  Program,  the  Community  Development  Block  Grant  (CDBG)  Program,  local 
government  semces  and  the  21st  Century  Communities  initiative. 

The  North  Carolina  Main  Street  Program  helps  cities  maintain  a  thriving 
downtown  through  a  four-part  self-help  process  involving  organization,  promotion, 
design  and  economic  restructuring. 

The  Community  Development  Block  Grant  Program  is  a  federally-funded 
program  that  assists  local  governments  with  community  and  economic  development 
projects  that  primarily  beneht  low-  and  moderate-income  tamilies. 

The  Division  of  Community  Assistance  assists  local  governments  generally  with 
their  planning  and  growth  management  needs.  In  ten  counties,  the  DCA  administers 
the  21st  Century  Communities  initiative,  an  effort  to  assist  local  communities  m 
achieving  readiness  m  economic  development  by  working  m  partnership  to  develop 
strategic  plans  for  economic  growth. 


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The  Executive  Director  for  Policy  and  Employment  administers  the  following 
programs: 

Workforce  Development 

The  38-member  North  Carolina  Commission  on  Workforce  Development  is 
an  external  oversight  board  that  is  staffed  by  the  Department  of  Commerce.  The 
commission  and  its  staff  are  responsible  for  recommending  policies  and  strategies 
that  will  enable  the  states  workforce  to  compete  in  the  current  and  future  global 
economy.  The  commission  makes  its  recommendations  to  the  Governor,  the  General 
Assembly,  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  the  various  education  and  workforce 
agencies  of  state  government  in  an  effort  to  create  an  effective,  coherent  and 
comprehensive  workforce  system.  Under  the  terms  of  the  federal  Workforce 
Investment  Act,  the  One-Stop  Career  Center  Governance  and  Support  Unit  provides 
oversight  and  technical  assistance  to  the  states  JobLink  Career  Center  System  and 
advises  the  Workforce  Development  Institute  on  system-wide  training  needs. 

Division  of  Employment  and  Training 

The  Division  of  Employment  and  Training  administers  a  statewide  system  of 
workforce  programs  that  prepare  North  Carolina's  citizens  facing  economic 
disadvantage,  job  loss  and  other  serious  barriers  to  employment  for  participation 
in  the  workforce.  The  programs  provide  high-support  training  and  other  services 
that  result  in  increase  employment  and  earnings,  increased  educational  and 
occupational  skills  and  decreased  welfare  dependency.  The  statewide  system  is 
designed  to  improve  the  quality  of  the  workforce  as  well  as  the  state's  competitiveness 
in  a  global  economy.  Workforce  programs  administered  through  the  division  include 
the  federal  Workforce  Investment  Act  of  1998,  which  provides  services  to  adults, 
dislocated  workers  and  low-income  youth;  the  federal  Welfare-to-Work  grant 
program,  designed  to  provide  employment  and  training  services  to  the  hardest-too 
-serve  welfare  recipients  and  non-custodial  parents;  and  the  North  Carolina 
Employment  and  Training  Grant  Program  that  provides  resources  to  complement 
Workforce  Investment  Act  programs.  National  Emergency  Grants  funded  by  the 
Workforce  Investment  Act  provide  funding  to  retrain  workers  displaced  by  NAFTA 
from  specific  textile  and  apparel  firms  and  to  provide  relief  employment  for  those 
impacted  by  Hurricane  Floyd. 

The  Assistant  Secretary  for  Economic  Development  administers  the  following 
programs: 

Commerce  Finance  Center 

The  Commerce  Finance  Center  offers  "one-stop  hnancing"  assistance  for 
businesses  that  locate  or  expand  operations  in  the  Tar  Heel  Slate.  The  center 
administers  the  tax  credits  available  to  new  and  expanding  industries  under  the 

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William  S.  Lee  Quality  Jobs  and  Business  Expansion  Act.  It  also  offers  direct  grant 
and  loan  funding  to  busniesses  locating  or  expanding  in  North  Carolina  through 
the  Industrial  Competitive  Fund,  the  Industrial  Development  Fund,  the  Utility  Fund, 
the  Business  Energy  Loan  Fund  and  the  Community  Development  Block  Grant 
Progranr.  The  agency  also  administers  the  Industrial  Revenue  Bond  program  for 
the  state. 

Dhision  of  Business  and  Industry  Development 

The  Division  of  Business  and  Industry  Development  leads  North  Carolina's 
business  and  industrial  recruitment  eltorts.  Its  staff  works  closely  with  other  public 
and  private  development  organizations  to  attract  new  industries  to  the  state.  This 
includes  efforts  aimed  at  recruiting  foreign-owned  hrms  to  North  Carolina.  The 
division  operates  international  offices  m  Duesseldort,  Hong  Kong,  Toronto  and 
Tokyo.  The  division  also  offers  retention  and  expansion  services  to  companies 
currently  located  in  North  Carolina.  These  programs  are  staffed  by  industrial 
developers  located  m  nine  offices  spread  throughout  the  seven  regions  of  the  state: 
Asheville,  Bryson  City  and  Lenoir  m  the  Western  Region;  Charlotte  m  the  Carolmas 
Region;  Greensboro  in  the  Piedmont  Triad  Region;  Raleigh  m  the  Research  Triangle 
Region;  Fayetteville  m  the  Southeastern  Region;  Greenville  m  the  Global  TransPark 
Region;  and  Edenton  m  the  Northeastern  Region. 

International  Trade  Division 

The  International  Trade  Division  assists  primarily  small  and  mid-sized  North 
Carolina  firms  m  marketing  their  goods  and  seiwices  outside  of  the  United  States. 
It  seeks  to  facilitate  exporting  by  North  Carolina  companies,  educate  companies 
that  are  not  currently  engaged  in  the  global  marketplace  to  the  opportunities  available 
and  stimulate  demand  for  North  Carolina  products  m  international  markets.  Industry 
consultants  located  m  Raleigh  accomplish  these  activities  with  the  assistance  ot  hve 
foreign  trade  ofhces  located  m  Frankfurt,  Hong  Kong,  Tokyo,  Toronto,  and  Mexico 
City.  The  division  also  offers  specialized  services  to  the  states  furniture  industry 
tiirough  the  North  Carolina  Furniture  Export  Office  in  High  Point. 

Division  of  Infonuation  Technology  Sei'\ices  (ITS) 

The  Division  of  Information  Technology  Services  offers  technology  products 
and  services  to  North  Carolina  state  government  agencies  and  to  county  and 
municipal  governments.  Services  otfered  by  the  division  include:  telecommunication 
ser\aces;  mainframe  and  client-ser\'er  computing;  management  ol  local  and  wide- 
area  networks;  S)'stem  design  and  implementation;  application  development  and 
support;  ofhce  automation  and  personal  computer  support  seiTices.  ITS  also  develops 
policies  and  standards  for  state  government  technology  for  adoption  by  the 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Information  Resource  Management  Commission  (IRMC)and  provides  staff  support 
to  the  commission. 

Executive  Director  for  Policy  and  Employment  administers  the  following  programs: 

Economic  Policy  and  Research  Division 

The  Economic  Policy  and  Research  Division  develops  policy  studies  and  may 
make  policy  recommendations  to  improve  the  well-being  of  the  people  of  the  state. 
The  division  collects  and  maintains  data  on  the  states  economy;  monitors  and 
analyzes  global,  national,  state  and  regional  economic  trends;  does  background 
research  on  industries  to  support  recruitment  and  economic  development  efforts; 
and  performs  economic  impact  analysis  and  provides  relevant  and  timely  information 
in  support  of  policy  analysis,  strategic  planning  and  economic  development.  This 
information  is  provided  to  all  divisions  vvdthin  the  department.  The  division  produces 
quarterly  community  investment  reports  and  monthly  layoffs  and  closing  reports 
and  maintains  the  departments  county  profiles,  state  comparisons  and  industry 
prohles  web  pages. The  division  also  staffs  the  Economic  Development  Board. 

Board  of  Science  and  Technology 

The  General  Assembly  established  the  N.C.  Board  of  Science  and  Technology 
in  1963  to  encourage,  promote  and  support  scientific,  engineering  and  industrial 
research  applications  in  North  CaroHna.  The  board  works  to  investigate  new  areas 
of  emerging  science  and  technology  and  conducts  studies  on  the  competitiveness 
of  state  industry  and  research  institutions  in  these  held.  The  board  also  works  with 
the  General  Assembly  and  the  Governor  to  put  into  place  the  infrastructure  that 
keeps  North  Carolina  on  the  leading  edge  of  science  and  technology  Seventeen 
members  sit  on  the  board,  drawn  from  universities,  corporations,  non-proht 
organizations  and  government  agencies  from  across  the  state. 

The  Executive  Director  of  Tourism,  Film  and  Sports  Development  administers  the 
following  programs: 

Division  of  Tourism 

This  division  undertakes  a  broad  range  of  marketing  activities  in  cooperation 
li  with  local  and  regional  economic  development  and  lourism  promotion 
'|:  organizations.  The  common  goal  is  to  increase  tourism  in  the  state.  This  includes 
|i  an  increasing  emphasis  on  international  marketing.  The  division  partners  with  the 
\  Economic  Development  arm  of  the  department  to  maintain  a  presence  in  overseas 
'  offices  in  Duesseldorf,  London,  Dubai,  Hong  Kong,  Tokyo,  Toronto,  and  Mexico 
City  The  division  also  administers  a  grants  program  to  assist  local  areas  in  making 
improvements  to  promote  tourism  in  their  locale  and  operates  a  program  lo  promote 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Heritage  Tourism  in  the  state.  The  division  also  has  staff  in  eight  welcome  centers 
on  interstate  highways  m  the  state  to  assist  travelers  to  North  Carolina. 

North  Carolina  Film  Office 

The  ottice  promotes  North  Carolina  as  a  location  for  television,  motion  picture 
and  advertising  productions.  The  othce  offers  location  scout  ser\'ices  to  producers 
and  supports  the  states  tour  regional  film  commissions  m  their  eiforts  to  increase 
film  production  in  the  state. 

Division  of  Sports  Development 

The  Division  of  Sports  Development  promotes  North  Carolina  as  a  leading  site 
for  sports  ex'ents  mvoKing  amateur  and  professional  organizations.  The  ofhce  works 
with  local  government  and  corporate  allies  to  serve  as  a  clearinghouse  for  sporting 
activities  in  North  Carolina  and  to  assist  sports  organizations  and  promoters  in 
making  North  Carolina  a  host  site  for  leading  amateur  and  professional  sports 
events. 

Assistant  Secretary  for  Administration  administers  the  following  programs: 

Executive  Aircraft  Opeiations 

The  Executive  Aircraft  Operations  maintains  two  airplanes  and  two  helicopters 
that  are  used  to  transport  industrial  development  clients  and  consultants,  him 
producers,  sporting  event  promoters  and  state  personnel  on  official  business. 

Fiscal  Management  Division 

The  Fiscal  Management  Division  is  responsible  for  the  accounting,  budgeting 
and  purchasing  functions  of  the  department. 

Human  Resources 

The  Human  Resources  Ofhce  performs  personnef  functions  for  the  department, 
including  recruitment  and  employee  relations,  position  classihcation  and  fringe 
beneht  administration. 

Management  Information  Systems  Division  (MIS) 

The  Management  Information  Systems  Du'ision  (MIS')  is  responsible  for  all 
information  technology  services  within  the  department.  This  includes  LAN 
management,  project  management  functions  for  applications  development, 
maintenance  of  personal  computers  and  peripherals  and  graphics  design  and 
reproduction. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Wanchese  Seafood  Industrial  Park 

The  Wanchese  Seafood  Industrial  Park  works  to  promote  fishing  and  marine 
industries  and  serves  as  a  location  for  seafood  processing  plants,  boat  builders, 
fishing  supplies  and  other  marine-related  businesses. 

Oregon  Inlet  Project 

The  Oregon  Inlet  Project  leads  the  states  efforts  to  stabilize  the  channel  in  Oregon 
Inlet  through  the  construction  of  jetties. 

The  following  agencies  report  directly  to  their  respective  Boards  and 
Commissions,  rather  than  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce.  They  receive  administrative 
oversight  from  the  Department  through  the  Assistant  Secretar)'  for  Administration: 

Alcoholic  Beverage  Control  Commission 

The  Alcoholic  Beverage  Control  Commission  controls  the  sale  of  alcoholic 
beverages  in  the  state  through  operation  of  a  centralized  warehouse,  oversight  of 
local  government-operated  retail  sales  outlets,  and  permitting  of  facilities  authorized 
to  sell  alcohol  in  bulk  or  by  the  drink. 

Banking  Commission 

The  Banking  Commission,  is  responsible  for  chartering  and  regulating  North 

Carolina's  state  banks  and  trust  companies,  as  well  as  registration  and  licensing  of 

various  financial  institutions  operating  in  the  state,  including  check-cashers, 

consumer  finance  companies,  mortgage  bankers  and  mortgage  brokers,  money 

<  transmitters  and  refund  anticipation  lenders. 

I  Cemetery  Commission 

The  Cemetery  Commission  regulates  and  monitors  the  activities  of  all  state- 
licensed  cemeteries. 

Credit  Union  Commission 

The  Credit  Union  Commission  regulates  and  monitors  the  operations  of  all 
state-chartered  credit  unions. 

Employment  Security  Commission 

The  Employment  Security  Commission  administers  the  state's  unemployment 
insurance  program.  It  also  offers  job  placement  and  referral  services  to  all  North 
Carolina  citizens  and  maintains  the  states  labor  market  information  service. 

Industrial  Commission 

The  N.C.  Industrial  Commission  administers  the  Workers"  Compensation  Act 
for  all  employees  and  employers  in  the  state  to  protect  Tar  Heel  workers  and 
employers  against  loss  due  to  work-related  injury  or  disease.  The  Industrial 

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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Commission  also  has  jurisdiction  over  tort  claims  against  the  state  and  claims  by 
families  of  law  enforcement  officers,  hre  fighters  and  rescue  squad  workers. 

Public  Staff  of  the  Utilities  Commission 

The  public  staff  reviews,  investigates  and  makes  recommendations  to  the  North 
Carolina  Utilities  Commission  on  the  reasonableness  of  rates  and  adequacy  of  seiTice 
provided  by  all  public  utilities  m  the  state.  The  staff  is  also  charged  with  ensuring 
the  consistency  of  public  policy  assuring  an  energy  supply  adequate  to  protect 
public  health  and  safety 

Rural  Electrification  Authority 

The  Rural  Electrification  Authority  ensures  that  customers  m  predominantly 
rural  areas  of  the  state  have  access  to  adequate,  dependable,  affordable  electric  and 
telephone  service. 

Savings  Institutions  Commission 

The  Savings  Institutions  Commission  regulates  and  monitors  the  operations  of 
all  state-chartered  savings  institutions. 

Utilities  Commission 

The  Utilities  Commission  regulates  the  rates  and  services  offered  by  more  than 
1,200  utility  companies  in  North  Carolina.  Companies  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  commission  include  electric  companies,  local  and  long-distance  telephone 
companies,  natural  gas  companies,  household  goods  motor  freight  carriers,  motor 
passenger  carriers,  companies  providing  private  pay  phone  service,  water  and  sewer 
companies  consisting  of  approximately  1,500  systems  and  ferryboat  operators. 

Economic  Dexelopment  Allies 

N.C.  Partnerships  for  Economic  Development:  The  seven  partnerships  work  on 
a  regional  basis  to  serve  North  Carolina's  100  counties  m  promoting  economic 
development  marketing,  strategies  and  opportunities.  Partnership  oiiices  are  located 
in  Asheville,  Charlotte,  Greensboro,  Raleigh,  Elizabethtown,  Kinston  and  Edenton. 

State  Ports  Authority:  The  Ports  Authority  staff  operates  and  promotes  the  use 
of  North  Carolina's  port  facilities  including  deep-water  ports  at  Morehead  City  and 
Wilmington;  intermodal  terminals  m  Charlotte  and  Greensboro;  and  the  harbor  at 
Southport.  The  State  Ports  Authority  Board  of  Directors  governs  the  authority  The 
Secretary  of  Commerce  serves  as  an  ex-officio  member  of  the  board. 

Commerce- Related  Boards  and  Commissions 
Cape  Fear  Navigation  and  Pilotage  Commission 

Community  Development  Council 

Economic  Development  Board 

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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Employment  Security  Commission  Advisory  Council 

Energy  Policy  Council 

Entrepreneurial  Development  Board 

Morehead  City  Navigation  and  Pilot^e  Commission 

N.C.  Mutual  Burial  Association  Commission 

N.C.  National  Park,  Parkway  and  Forest  Development  Council 

N.C.  Seafood  Industrial  Park  Authority 

N.C.  Small  Business  Council 

N.C.  Sports  Development  Commission 

N.C.  State  Ports  Authority 

N.C.  Travel  and  Tourism  Board 

For  more  information  about  the  Department  of  Commerce,  call  (919)  733- 
4151  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  www.nccommerce.com.  For  more 
information  about  the  Employment  Security  Commission,  call  (919)  733-7546  or 
visit  the  commissions  Web  site  at  www.esc.state.nc.us. 


James  T.  Fain 

Secretary  of  Commerce 

\  Early  Years 

;  Born  May  22,  1943  in  Hendersonville, 
■  Henderson  County,  to  James  T.  and 
Thomasina  Shepherd  Fain,  Jr. 

'  EducationalBackground 

1961  Hendersonville  High  School;  B.A. 
]  m  Political  Science,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1971;  Master  in  Business  Administration, 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1975. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Secretary  of  Commerce,  2001-Present; 
Assistant  Secretary  for  Economic 
Development,  N.C.  Department  of 
Commerce,  1999-2001. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civw 
or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Foundation  Board,  N.C.  Museum  of  Art;  Trustee,  Rex  Hospital,  Raleigh;  Member, 
Downtown  Raleigh  Alliance  Board. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boatxis  and  Commissions 

Member,  N.C.  Pons  Aulhority;  Member,  N.C.  Biotech  Center;  Member,  N.C. 
Economic  Development  Board. 

Honors  aiidAwaixis 

A.E.  Finley  Award,  Greater  Raleigh  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1999;  Individual  Award 
for  Support  of  the  Arts,  Wake  County  Arts  Council,  1996 

Peisonallnfonnation 

Married  to  Peggy  Ann  Rhodes  Fain;  Two  children;  Member,  Christ  Episcopal 
Church,  Raleigh. 


Seaetaiies  of  Commeice' 

Name 

Residence 

Term 

George  In'ing  Aldridge- 

Wake 

1972-1973 

Tenney  I.  Deane,  Jr.^ 

Wake 

1973-1974 

Winheld  S.  Harvey"* 

Wake 

1973-1976 

Donald  R.  Beason^ 

Wake 

1976-1977 

Duncan  M.  haircloth" 

Wake 

1977-1983 

C.C.  Hope 

Mecklenburg 

1983-1985 

Howard  Haworth' 

Guilford 

1985-1987 

Claude  E.  Pope" 

Wake 

1987-1989 

James  T.  BroyhilP 

Caldwell 

1989-1990 

Estell  C,  Lee'^' 

New  Hanover 

1990-1993 

S.  Davis  Phillips'' 

Guilford 

1993-1997 

E.  Norris  Tolson'- 

Edgecombe 

1997-1998 

Rick  Carlisle '^' 

Orange 

1998-2000 

James  T.  Earn  III 

Wake 

2001 -Present 

'  The  Executive  Organization  Act  of  1971  created  the  "Department  of  Commerce," 
with  provisions  for  a  "Secretary"  appointed  by  the  Governor.  The  Department  of 
Commerce  was  reorganized  and  renamed  by  legislative  action  of  the  1989  General 
Assembly. 

-    Aldridge  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott. 

-''  Deane  was  appointed  on  Januaiy  5,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Aldridge.  He  resigned  m  November,  1973. 

"*  Han'ey  was  appointed  on  December  3,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Deane. 

'  Beason  was  appointed  on  July  1,  1976,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Harvey. 

-'    Eaircloth  was  appointed  on  January  10,  1977,  to  replace  Beason. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND   THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

^    Haworth  was  appointed  January  5,  1985,  to  replace  Hope. 

^    Pope  was  appointed  by  Governor  Martin  to  replace  Haworth. 

'^    Broyhill  was  appointed  by  Governor  Martin  to  replace  Pope. 

i'^  Lee  was  appointed  by  Governor  Martin  April  1,  1990  to  replace  Broyhill. 

^^  Phillips  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  January  11,  1993,  to  replace  Lee. 

^^  Gov  Hunt  appointed  Tolson  on  January  17,  1997,  to  replace  Phillips. 

^'  Gov.  Hunt  appointed  Carlisle  secretary  onjanuar)'  17,  1998,  to  replace  Tolson. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Department  of  Correction 

The  Department  ot  Correction  is  responsible  for  the  care,  custody  and 
supervision  ol  all  individuals  sentenced  alter  conviction  ot  a  felony  or  serious 
misdemeanor  in  North  Carolina.  Sentences  range  trom  probationary  terms  sensed 
m  the  community  to  active  prison  sentences  served  m  one  of  the  states  75-plus 
prison  tacilities. 

North  Carolina's  General  Statutes  direct  the  department  to  provide  adequate 
custodial  care,  educational  opportunities  and  medical  and  psychological  treatment 
sen'ices  to  all  incarcerated  persons  while  at  the  same  time  providing  community- 
based  supen'ision  and  some  needed  social  sen-ices  to  clients  on  probation,  parole 
or  post-release  supervision. 

The  Department  of  Correction  was  established  m  1972  by  authority  of  the 
Executive  Reorganization  Act  ot  1971  as  the  Department  of  Social  Rehabilitation 
and  Control.  The  act  provided  for  merging  the  Parole  Commission  and  the  Advisory 
Board  ol  Correction  to  form  a  new  department  made  up  of  the  Divisions  ol  Prisons; 
Adult  Probation  and  Parole;    and  Youth  Development. 

The  secretary  o(  the  department  is  appointed  by  the  governor  and  ser\'es  at  his 
pleasure.  The  secretary  is  responsible  for  the  super\'ision  and  administration  of  all 
department  tunctions  except  that  of  the  Parole  Commission,  which  has  sole  authority 
to  release  eligible  incarcerated  ot  tenders  prior  to  the  expiration  of  their  sentence. 

In  July,  1974,  the  department  was  renamed  the  Department  of  Correction,  the 
Parole  Commission  was  expanded  from  three  to  live  members  and  turther 
consolidation  of  responsibilities  and  tunctions  occurred.  In  1975,  the  Division  of 
Youth  Development  was  transferred  administratively  to  the  Department  of  Human 
Resources,  leaving  the  Department  of  Correction  its  current  administrative 
conhgu  ration. 

The  histoiy  ot  corrections  m  North  Carolina  reflects  the  continued  development 
and  retinement  ot  the  prison,  probation  and  parole  segments  ot  the  department. 

The  Division  of  Prisons  was  organized  in  the  late  1860s  and  early  1870s  with 
the  opening  ot  a  large  prison  tarm  in  Wake  County  and  the  construction  ot  Central 
Prison  m  Raleigh.  This  was  a  result  of  the  "Reconstruction  Constitution"  ot  North 
Carolina  which  was  accepted  by  the  United  States  Congress  in  1868.  In  1899, 
Caledonia  Prison  Farm  was  purchased  trom  Halifax  County.  This  arrangement 
continued  until  1933  when  the  General  Assembly  transferred  supen'ision  ot  the 
three  state  prisons  and  the  \'arious  county  prisons  to  the  State  Highway  and  Public 
Works  Commission.  This  merger  ot  the  highway  and  prison  systems  was  motivated 
by  the  steadily  worsening  economic  and  social  conditions  caused  by  the  Depression. 
Under  this  arrangement,  prisons  were  supported  by  appropriations  from  the  Highway 
Fund  while  prisoners  were  extensively  employed  on  road  work. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  Division  of  Prisons  remained  under  total  administrative  control  of  the 
Highway  and  Public  Works  Commission  until  1955  when  the  director  of  prisons 
was  granted  the  ability  to  set  divisional  rules,  regulations  and  policies  to  include 
the  hiring,  promotion  and  dismissal  of  employees.  At  the  same  time,  the  General 
Assembly  formed  the  Prison  Reorganization  Commission  to  study  the  relationship 
between  prisons  and  the  highway  system.  The  commission  recommended  that  a 
separate  prison  department  be  formed  and  legislation  was  enacted  forming  the  Prison 
Department  in  1957. 

Also  in  1957,  landmark  legislation  was  enacted  authorizing  a  statewide  system 
of  work  release.  North  Carolina  thus  became  the  first  state  prison  system  in  the 
nation  to  allow  inmates  to  work  at  private  employment  during  the  day  and  return 
to  confinement  in  the  evening.  Today,  North  Carolina  has  approximately  1,000 
individuals  participating  in  the  work  release  program. 

The  Prison  Department  remained  a  separate  entity  under  the  Prison  Commission 
until  the  Department  of  Social  Rehabilitation  and  Control  was  formed  in  1972. 

Probation  was  first  initiated  m  the  United  States  in  1878  in  Massachusetts.  In 
1919,  North  Carolina  enacted  its  first  probation  laws,  but  fimited  probation  to 
first-offender  female  prostitutes  and  certain  juveniles  under  the  supervision  of  female 
officers.  In  1937,  legislation  was  enacted  forming  the  Probation  Commission  to 
supervise  a  statewide  network  of  male  and  female  offenders  reporting  to  probation 
officers.  In  1972,  the  commission  was  disbanded  when  the  Division  of  Adult 
Probation  and  Parole  was  formed  within  the  newly-created  department.  At  first, 
probation  officers  retained  a  strictly  probation  supervision  caseload;  but  by  mid- 
1974  they  were  carrying  parole  caseloads  as  well.  Currently,  probation  and  parole 
officers  carry  a  combination  of  probation  and  parole  caseloads,  as  well  as  cases 
where  prisoners  are  on  both  probation  and  parole  simultaneously 

Parole  began  as  a  system  of  pardons  and  commutations  granted  by  the  Governor 
in  the  original  Constitution  of  North  Carolina  in  1776.  This  system  was  maintained 
in  the  Reconstruction  Constitution  of  1868.  In  1919,  the  General  Assembly 
established  an  Advisory  Board  of  Paroles  which  made  parole  recommendations  to 
the  Governor.  This  board  was  reduced  to  the  Commissioner  of  Pardons  in  1925, 
the  Officer  of  Executive  Counsel  in  1929  and  the  Commissioner  of  Paroles  in  1935. 
It  was  this  1935  legislation  that  created  the  position  of  parole  officers  under  the 
supervision  of  the  commissioner. 

The  1953  session  of  the  General  Assembly  abolished  the  Office  of  Commissioner 
and  estabUshed  a  Board  of  Paroles  consisting  of  three  members.  At  the  same  lime, 
a  constitutional  amendment  was  approved  in  the  1954  general  election  to  give  the 
board  full  authority  to  grant,  revoke  or  terminate  paroles. 

The  1974  General  Assembly  enlarged  the  board  members  to  five  full-time 
members  and  transferred  administration  and  supervision  ol  parok^  officers  lo  the 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Division  of  Adult  Probation  and  Parole.  The  Structured  Sentencing  Act  enacted  by 
the  General  Assembly  abolished  parole  for  crimes  committed  on  or  after  October  1, 
1994.  As  a  result  of  the  declining  number  of  paroles,  the  General  Assembly  reduced 
the  number  of  parole  commissioners  from  five  to  three  in  1999.  The  Division  of 
Adult  Probation  and  Parole  was  renamed  the  Division  of  Community  Corrections 
m  1998. 

The  General  Statutes  establishing  the  Department  of  Correction  direct  the  secretary 
to  provide  for  the  general  safety  of  North  Carolina's  citizens  by  operating  and 
maintaining  prisons;  supervising  probationers  and  parolees;  and  providing  certain 
rehabilitative  and  educational  programs  to  individuals  supervised  by  the  department. 
The  department  is  divided  into  three  major  operational  sections:  the  Division  of 
Prisons,  the  Division  of  Community  Corrections  and  the  Division  of  Alcohol  and 
Chemical  Dependency  The  Secretary  of  Correction  and  his  immediate  administrative 
staff  are  responsible  for  the  major  planning,  hscal,  personnel  and  records-keeping 
functions  of  the  department: 

Research  and  Planning 

The  planning  functions  include  policy  development,  federal  grant  development 
and  administration,  liaison  with  the  General  Assembly  and  providing  statistical 
information,  analysis  and  evaluation. 

Engineering 

This  section  is  the  department  s  capital  program  manager  and  manager  ot  physical 
plant  operations.  Engineering  provides  a  full  range  of  architectural,  engineering  and 
construction  services  to  all  DOC  divisions.  Construction  sendees  include  extensive 
use  of  supervised  inmate  labor,  extending  the  departments  resources  and  creating 
the  opportunity  for  inmate  rehabilitation  through  job  training. 

Extradition 

This  section  coordinates  the  transfer  of  fugitives  back  to  the  state  tor  the 
Department  of  Correction,  as  well  as  to  local  law  enforcement  throughout  the  state. 
This  includes  escapees  from  prison  and  absconders  from  supervision. 


280 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Purchasing  and  Auxiliary  Services 

This  section  is  responsible  for  purchasing  goods  and  services,  warehousing 
and  delivery  of  goods,  transportation,  communications  and  security  installations, 
departmental  mail  services  and  real  and  personal  property  lease  acquisitions. 

Fiscal  Operations 

This  section  includes  budget  development  and  administration,  regular  and  grant 
accounting,  work  release  and  Inmate  Trust  Fund  accounting,  as  well  as  internal 
auditing  procedures. 

Personnel 

The  Personnel  Section  is  responsible  for  personnel  functions  including  payroll, 
maintenance  of  employee  records,  and  other  matters  associated  with  human  resource 
management.  It  also  includes  the  development  of  staff  positions,  the  posting  of 
position  vacancies  and  the  actual  hiring  of  new  staff. 

Staff  Development  and  Training 

This  section  administers  and  provides  basic  training  and  certification  for  all 
new  staff,  advanced  training  in  particular  skill  areas,  and  in-service  training  where 
needed  for  re-certification  or  continuing  education. 

Correction  Enterprises 

Correction  Enterprises  is  a  self-sustaining  industrial  program  that  trains  inmates 
as  productive  workers  by  utilizing  their  labor  to  manufacture  products  and  provide 
services  for  sale  to  tax-supported  agencies.  Correction  Enterprises  returns  part  of  its 
net  profits  to  the  Crime  Victims  Compensation  Fund  of  North  Carolina,  in  addition 
to  paying  for  incentive  wages  for  all  inmate  jobs  m  North  Carolina  prisons  and 
industrial  expansion  costs. 


Management  Infonnation  Systems 

This  section  provides  assistance  to  Correction  employees  and  others  in  the  area 
of  information  needed  to  appropriately  manage  offenders,  including  recording 
pertinent  data  about  offenders;  tracking  their  movements;  and  charting  their  progress 
in  programs  and  other  rehabiUtative  efforts. 

u  Victims  Services 

Established  m  December,  2001,  the  Office  of  Victim  Ser\ices  provides  direct 
services  in  response  to  victim  inquiries  and  develops  programs,  policies  and 
procedures  relating  to  the  departments  victims  issues. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Citizen  Services 

Established  in  1998,  the  Citizen  Services  call  center  operates  the  departments 
toll-lree  telephone  number  and  ser\'es  as  a  clearinghouse  tor  mtormation  about  the 
department.  The  section  is  now  a  part  of  the  PublicAffairs  Ofhce. 

Inmate  Grievance  Commission 

The  Inmate  Grievance  Commission  advises  the  secretaiy  concerning  the  varied 
and  many  complaints  and  grievances  filed  by  inmates.  The  findings  ot  this 
commission  may  be  afhrmed  in  whole  or  m  part,  and  modihed  or  rejected  by  the 
secretary  as  necessary. 

Post-Release  Supervision  and  Parole  Commission 

The  commission  has  the  sole  authority  for  determining  which  eligible  oftenders 
should  be  released  from  prison  prior  to  the  completion  of  their  active  sentence  and 
for  setting  the  terms  and  conditions  of  their  supervision  period.  The  commission 
is  also  responsible  for  setting  the  conditions  of  post-release  supen'ision  for  eligible 
offenders  who  receive  superMSion  following  completion  of  their  active  structured 
sentence. 

Division  of  Prisons 

The  Division  of  Prisons  is  charged  with  the  direct  care  and  super\nsion  of  inmates. 
Currently,  the  division  operates  76  prison  facilities. 

This  division  receives  felons  and  misdemeanants  sentenced  by  the  court  to  a 
period  of  active  incarceration.  Sentences  range  from  a  minimum  of  90  days  for 
certain  misdemeanors  to  death  or  life  imprisonment  lor  serious  crimes.  The 
Structured  Sentencing  Act  has  had  a  tremendous  impact  on  the  prison  system,  with 
prison  beds  now  designated  for  more  serious  and  violent  inmates.  Structured 
sentencing  has  also  allowed  the  prison  system  to  better  predict  what  type  of  otfenders 
will  be  entering  the  system  and  how  long  they  will  remain  incarcerated. 

Classihcation  withm  the  system  depends  upon  the  seriousness  of  the  crime, 
the  willingness  of  the  inmate  to  obey  rules  and  regulations  and  the  perceived  potential 
for  escape.  The  division  provides  appropriately  secure  lacilities  in  three  inmate 
custodv  levels: 

Close  custody:  Inmates  need  extra  security  but  do  not  need  the  more  stringent 
security  of  maximum  custody.  Basic  education,  counseling  and  work  programs  are 
available  to  inmates  m  close  custody. 

Medium  custody:  Units  have  all  programs  and  activities  operating  within  the 
unit  under  the  supervision  of  armed  personnel,  except  for  certain  work  assignments. 


282 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Programs  include  academic  and  vocational  education,  substance  abuse  treatment, 
psychological  and  other  counselmg  programs  and  varied  work  assignments. 

Minimum  custody:  These  units  provide  a  wide  variety  of  programs  for  inmates 
ranging  from  on-site  academic  and  vocational  schools  to  off-site  work  or  study 
release.  Minimum  custody  inmates  are  misdemeanants  and  those  selected  felons 
who  have  either  little  time  remaining  on  their  sentence  or  who  have  been  determined 
not  to  present  a  high  security  or  escape  risk.  These  units  do  not  have  manned  gun 
towers.  Selected  inmates  are  allowed  to  work  in  the  community  for  the  prevailing 
wage.  They  pay  restitution  and  fines,  when  ordered  by  the  sentencing  court,  and 
help  their  families  by  sending  money  home.  Part  of  their  income  goes  to  the 
department  to  help  offset  the  cost  of  their  incarceration. 

Minimum  custody  programs  are  aimed  at  helping  inmates  begin  the  transition 
to  life  outside  prison  include  education  and  drug  treatment  programs.  Minimum 
custody  inmates  are  also  allowed  to  participate  in  the  Community  Volunteer  and 
Home  Leave  programs.  Screened  and  selected  volunteers  are  allowed  to  sponsor 
inmates  for  three-hour  passes  to  attend  approved  community  programs  such  as 
ireUgious  meetings,  Alcoholics  Anonymous  and  drug  treatment  sessions.  The  Home 
Leave  program  allows  specially  screened  and  approved  inmates  to  \isit  their  families 
i  for  periods  of  time  up  to  48  hours.  The  purpose  of  this  program  is  to  allow  inmates 
to  rebuild  family  ties  and  to  plan  for  the  future  prior  to  release. 

Division  of  Community  Corrections 

The  Division  of  Community  Corrections  is  responsible  for  the  community 
supervision  of  115,000  offenders  on  probation,  parole  or  post-release  supervision. 
Most  of  these  offenders  have  been  sentenced  to  probation  and  are  supervised  by 
ofhcers  who  protect  the  public's  safety  by  enforcing  special  conditions  such  as 
curfews  and  random  drug  tests.  These  officers  also  make  appropriate  referrals  for 
community  rehabihtation  programs. 

With  the  advent  of  structured  sentencing,  a  greater  responsibility  has  been  placed 
on  this  division  because  many  offenders  sentenced  to  prison  under  previous  stale 
^sentencing  laws  are  now  subject  to  supervision  in  the  community  Structured 
sentencing  distinguishes  between  community  punishments  and  intermediate 
punishments.  Community  punishment  offenders  are  supervised  much  like  traditional 
probation.  Intermediate  punishment  offenders  are  subject  to  more  intensive  controls 
such  as  electronic  monitoring,  intensiv^e  supervision  and  required  attendance  at  day 
reporting  centers. 

The  division  retains  responsibility  for  supervising  individuals  who  were 
convicted  under  previous  sentencing  laws  and  who  are  eligible  for  discretionary 
release  by  the  Parole  Commission.  Also,  the  division  supervises  offenders  who  are 
eligible  for  post-release  supervision  after  completion  ol  iheir  active  structured 
sentence. 

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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Division  of  Community  Corrections  administers  the  state-county  Criminal 
Justice  Partnership  Program  which  provides  funds  for  locally-managed,  community- 
based  sanction  programs.  These  programs  are  designed  to  assure  offender 
accountability  m  the  community;  divert  lower-risk  offenders  from  prison;  and  offer 
rehabihtative  opportunities  to  offenders. 

Corrections- Related  Boards  and  Commissions 
Grievance  Resolution  Board 

Post-Release  Supervision  and  Parole  G^mmission 

Substance  Abuse  Advisory  Council 

Advisory  Committee  on  Religious  Ministry  in  Piisons 

For  more  information  on  the  Department  of  Correction,  call  (919)  716-3700 
or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  www.doc.state.nc.us. 


Theodis  Beck 

Secretary  of  Correction 

EducationalBackgwimd 

Graduated,  South  French  Broad  High  School, 
1966;  B.A.  m  Sociology,  North  Carolina  Central 
Universitv,  1970;  A.A.S.  m  Business 
Administration,  Ashe  vi  lie -Buncombe 

Community  College,  1978. 

ProfessionalBackgrx)und 

Secretary  of  Correction,  1999-Present. 

Organizations 

National  Association  of  Blacks  m  Criminal 

Justice;  Association  of  State   Correctional 

Administrators;      American      Correctional 

Association;  Past  member,  Asheville  Optimist  Club;  Member,  State  Employees  Credit 

Union  Advisory  Board;  Member,  Governors  Crime  Commission;  Member,  Drug 

Treatment  Court  Advisory  Board;  Member,  State  Advisory  Council  on  Juvenile  Justice 

and  Delinquency  Prevention. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army,  1970-72  (active)  and  1975-97  (reserveV,  National  Defense  Service  Medal; 
Good  Conduct  Medal;  Army  Reserve  Components  Achievement  Medal;  Armed 
Forces  Reserve  Medal;  Drill  Sergeant  of  the  Year,  P'  Battalion,  518'''  Regiment,  1984. 


284 


Residence 

Term 

Wake 

1972 

Wake 

1972-1973 

Cumberland 

1973-1977 

Wake 

1977-1981 

Johnston 

1981-1985 

Cumberland 

1985-1992 

1992-1993 

Wake 

1993-1997 

1997-1998 

Wake 

1999-Present 

THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  to  Lmda  Jean  Chiles  Beck.  Two  children.  Member,  Hill  Street  Baptist  Church. 


Secretaries  of  Correction^ 

Name 

George  W  RandalP 
Ralph  D.  Edwards^ 
David  L.  Jones"* 
Amos  E.  Reed' 
James  C.  Woodard*" 
Aaron  J.  Johnson' 
V  Lee  Bounds'^ 
Franklin  E.  Ereeman,  Jr.'' 
R.  Mack  Jarvis^*-^ 
Theodis  Beck^^ 

^  The  Executive  Organization  Act  of  1971  created  the  "Department  of  Social 
Rehabilitation  and  Control"  with  provision  for  a  "Secretary"  appointed  by  the 
governor.  In  1974,  the  name  was  changed  to  the  Department  of  Correction. 

^  Randall  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott  and  ser\'ed  until  his  death  on  December 
4,  1972. 

^    Edwards  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott  to  replace  Randall. 

"^  Jones  was  appointed  on  January  5,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Edwards. 

^    Reed  was  appointed  on  Januarys  17,  1977,  by  Governor  Hunt  to  replace  Jones. 

^   Woodard  was  appointed  January  12,  1981,  to  replace  Reed. 

''  Johnson  was  appointed  on  January  7,  1985,  by  Governor  Martin  to  replace 
Woodard. 

-    Bounds  was  appointed  on  March  2,  1992,  by  Governor  Martin  to  replace  Johnson. 

'^    Freeman  was  appointed  on  January  15,  1993,  by  Governor  Hunt. 

'"Jarv'is  was  appointed  on  January  17,  1997,  by  Governor  Hunt  after  Secretary 
Freeman  was  promoted  to  chief  of  staff  for  the  governor. 

^'  Beck  was  appointed  on  April  19,  1999,  by  Gov.  Hunt.  Deputy  Secretary  Joseph 
L.  Hamilton  served  as  acting  secretary  from  Oct.  1,  1998,  until  Secretar)'  Becks 
appointment. 


285 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety 

The  K)77  General  Assembly  passed  legislalion  to  resiruclure  and  rename  the 
Department  of  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs  as  the  Department  of  Crime  Control 
and  Public  Safety  The  department  was  created  April  1,  1977,  by  transternng  law 
enforcement  and  public  safety  agencies  from  the  Department  oi  Military  and  Veterans 
Affairs,  the  State  Department  of  Transportation,  the  Department  of  Commerce  and 
the  Department  of  Natural  Resources  and  Community  Development. 

The  duties  of  this  department  are  to  pro\'ide  law  enforcement  and  emergency 
services  to  protect  against  crime  and  against  natural  and  man-made  disasters;  to 
serve  as  the  states  chief  coordinating  agency  to  control  crime  and  protect  the  public; 
to  assist  local  law  enforcement  and  public  safety  agencies;  and  to  work  for  a  more 
effectR-e  and  efficient  criminal  justice  system,  hi  addition,  the  department  coordinates 
the  states  response  to  any  emergency  that  requires  the  response  of  more  than  one  ' 
sub-unit  of  state  government.  In  1980,  the  department  was  given  the  authority  to 
direct  the  allocation  of  any  or  all  available  state  resources  from  any  state  agency  to 
respond  to  an  emergency. 

The  department  consists  of  the  Office  of  the  Secretar}-;  nine  divisions:  Alcohol 
Law  Enforcement,  Butner  Public  Safety,  Cix'il  Air  Patrol,  Emergency  Management, 
Governors  Crime  Commission  staff.  Law  Enforcement  Support  Services,  N.C. 
National  Guard,  State  Highway  Patrol  and  Victim  and  Justice  Services;  and  live 
commissions:  the  Governors  Crime  Commission,  the  N.C.  Crime  Victims 
Compensation  Commission,  the  N.C.  Emergency  Response  Commission,  the  Boxing  ■ 
Commission  and  the  Governors  Advisory  Commission  on  Military  Affairs.  Five 
administrative  sections  in  the  Office  of  the  Secretar)'  support  the  divisions:  Fiscal, 
Information  Systems,  Personnel  and  Benefits,  Public  Affairs  and  Organizational 
Effectiveness. 

Alcohol  Law  Enforcement  Dhision 

As  a  result  of  legislation  m  1977,  the  Enforcement  Division  ot  the  State  Board 
of  Alcoholic  Beverage  Control  (ABC)  was  transferred  from  the  Department  of  . 
Commerce  to  the  newly-formed  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety 
The  primary  responsibility  of  the  Alcohol  Law  Enforcement  Division  (ALE)  is  to  , 
enforce  the  states  Alcoholic  Beverage  Control  laws. 

Agents  pro\'ide  licensed  outlets  with  the  latest  information  on  ABC  laws  and 
regulations,  inspect  premises  and  examine  books  and  records.  They  prepare  criminal  ; 
and  regulatory  cases;  present  evidence  in  court  and  administrative  hearings;  conduct  . 
permit  applicant  investigations;  execute  ABC  Commission  orders;  and  conduct 
undercover  investigations.  Agents  are  sworn  peace  officers  and  have  the  authority  ; 
to  arrest  and  take  other  in\'estigator\'  and  enforcement  actions  lor  any  criminal  offense.  ' 


286 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Public  education  is  also  an  important  part  of  the  job  of  an  x^lcoholic  Law 
Enforcement  agent.  Agents  routmely  conduct  semmars  regarding  the  irresponsible 
ser\ice  of  alcohol;  present  classes  to  youth  groups  and  civic  organizations;  and 
teach  ABC  laws  at  local  and  state  law  enforcement  schools. 

New  agents  are  trained  during  a  20-week  ALE  Basic  School,  which  was  designed 
and  certified  specifically  for  ALE  agents.  This  training  includes  physical  conditioning 
and  defensive  tactics,  instruction  in  constitutional  and  criminal  laws,  court 
procedures,  search  and  seizure,  criminal  investigation,  alcoholic  beverage  control 
laws,  firearms  and  vehicle  operations. 

This  division  is  commanded  by  a  director,  headquarters  staff,  field  supervisors 
and  their  assistants.  For  administrative  purposes,  the  field  organization  is  divided 
into  twelve  districts,  each  with  a  headquarters  office  readily  accessible  to  the  public. 

ALE  also  manages  the  North  Carolina  Center  for  Missing  Persons.  The  center, 
formerly  the  North  Carolina  Center  for  Missing  Children  and  Child  Victimization, 
was  estabUshed  in  1984  as  the  state  clearinghouse  for  information  about  missing 
persons.  In  1999,  the  center  was  moved  from  the  Emergency  Management  Di\dsion 
to  the  Alcohol  Law  Enforcement  Division  to  provide  the  staff  easier  access  to  law 
enforcement  resources.  Trained  staff  members  provide  technical  assistance  and 
training  to  citizens,  law  enforcement  ofhcials,  school  personnel  and  human  services 
professionals.  The  centers  staff  gives  assistance  and  support  to  both  the  famiUes  of 
missing  persons  and  to  the  law  enforcement  officials  investigating  missing  person 
cases.  Staff  members  also  participate  in  emergency  operations  and  searches  for 
persons  who  are  missing  and  endangered. 

Butner  Public  Safety  Division 

The  Butner  Public  Safety  Division  traces  its  roots  back  to  the  Camp  Butner  Fire 
Department  set  up  in  1942  when  Camp  Butner  was  established  as  a  U.S.  Army 
Training  Camp.  In  1947,  John  Umstead,  brother  of  Governor  William  B.  Umstead, 
led  a  move  in  the  General  Assembly  to  build  a  new  facility  for  the  mentally  ill. 
Camp  Butner  was  purchased  from  the  federal  government  for  $1  as  the  site  for  this 
complex. 

The  Camp  Butner  Fire  Department  became  part  of  the  John  Umstead  Hospital 
m  the  Department  of  Human  Resources.  The  staff  consisted  of  18  men.  As  the 
Butner  complex  and  the  community  grew,  the  staff  was  trained  as  fire  fighters  and 
pohcemen  and  it  became  known  as  the  Public  Safety  Department.  It  was  then 
transferred  to  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety  in  1981  and  its 
name  was  changed  to  the  Butner  Public  Safety  Division. 

Butner  Public  Safety  Officers  provide  pohce  and  fire  protection  for  the  state 
hospitals  at  Butner;  other  state  facilities  there,  including  the  4,600-acre  National 
Guard  Training  Range;  the  Butner  Federal  Correctional  Facility;  and  the  resideniial, 
business  and  industrial  community  of  Butner.  In  keeping  w  ilh  the  growth  and 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

development  of  the  town  of  Butner,  facilities  for  the  Butner  Public  Safety  Division 
were  expanded.  On  January  29,  1985,  the  new  15,000  square-foot  Butner  Public 
Safety  Division  building  was  dedicated  by  Governor  Martin. 

This  division  is  commanded  by  a  public  safety  director,  chief  of  hre  services 
and  chief  of  police  ser\'ices.  The  four  platoons  are  commanded  by  captains,  with 
master  hre  ofhcers  and  master  police  ofhcers  as  support  stall.  Including  the 
investigative,  support,  communications  and  logistics  sections,  Butners  total  force 
is  49. 

The  duties  of  these  ofhcers  are  unique.  One  hour  they  may  be  called  on  to  hght 
a  raging  hre  and  the  next  hour  these  same  ofhcers  may  be  called  on  to  capture  a 
bank  robber. 

Civil  Air  Patrol  Division 

The  Civil  Air  Patrol  (CAP)  was  established  nationally  on  December  1,  1941,  as 
an  auxiliary  of  the  United  States  Army  Air  Corps.  It  was  a  part  ol  the  Civil  Defense 
structure  and  shortly  thereafter  became  involved  m  the  war  effort.  In  1948,  Congress 
made  the  Civil  Air  Patrol  an  ofhcial  auxiliary  of  the  United  States  Air  Force. 

The  North  Carolina  Wing  of  the  Civil  Patrol  became  a  state  agency  m  1953  and 
was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs  in  1971.  In  1977, 
It  was  transferred  from  the  Department  of  Military  and  Veterans  Affairs  to  the  newly-  I 
formed  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety 

There  are  39  squadrons  m  the  North  Carolina  Wmg.  Although  the  wing  is 
partially  funded  by  the  state,  the  department  has  no  operational  control  over  it. 
Many  members  operate  their  own  airplanes  and  fly  at  their  own  expense;  however, 
membership  dues,  donations,  grants,  estates,  state  funds  and  Air  Force 
reimbursements  account  for  a  large  portion  of  the  wmgs  budget.  The  Civil  Air 
Patrol  fulhlls  three  primary  functions: 

Emergency  Services 

Fmergency  Sen'ices  is  a  function  with  which  the  Civil  Air  Patrol  is  most  involved. 
It  entails  air  search  and  rescue  and  local  disaster  relief  and  emergency  preparedness 
plans,  providing  hxed,  mobile  or  airborne  communications  during  emergencies. 

Aerospace  Education  and  Training 

Aerospace  Education  and  Training  is  designed  to  inform  the  public  about 
aerospace  activities.  The  CAP  supports  aerospace  education  workshops  tor  teachers 
at  colleges  and  universities  throughout  the  United  States.  These  programs  prepare 
teachers  to  teach  aerospace  education  courses  m  their  schools  or  to  use  the 
information  to  enrich  traditional  classroom  subjects.  Scholarships  are  awarded  to 
deserving  cadets  and  senior  members  for  study  m  engineering,  the  humanities, 
education,  science  and  other  helds  related  to  aerospace. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Cadet  Training  Program 

The  Cadet  Training  Program  provides  young  people,  ages  13  through  18,  with 
opportunities  for  leadership  and  education.  The  program  teaches  cadets  aviation, 
search  and  rescue,  individual  and  group  discipline  and  personal  development,  giving 
them  the  opportunity  to  serve  themselves  and  their  communities,  state,  nation  and 
all  humanity  to  the  fullest  extent  of  their  capabilities. 

j  Emergency  Management  Division 

The  evolution  of  emergency  management  in  North  Carolina  began  with  passage 
'  of  the  Emergency  Management  Act  of  1977.  Prior  to  that,  the  Emergency  Management 

Division  went  through  two  transitions  from  Civil  Defense  to  Civil  Preparedness. 

Both  Civil  Defense  and  Civil  Preparedness  focused  primarily  on  war-related  disasters, 
;  but  also  supported  local  law  enforcement  and  fire  departments  in  the  event  of  a 
I  major  catastrophe.  With  the  increased  exposure  of  people  and  property  to  extremely 
I  high-risk  situations  due  to  our  technological  advancement,  the  need  for  a  central 
[I  coordinating  agency  to  preserve  and  protect  the  citizens  of  North  Carolina  from  all 
[t  types  of  disasters,  natural  and  man-made,  soon  became  apparent. 

The  State  Civil  Defense  Agency  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  Military 
I  and  Veterans  Affairs  in  1971  and  transferred  again  m  1977  to  the  newly- formed 
^  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety  where  it  was  named  the  Division 

of  Emergency  Management.  Under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of  Crime  Control 
,  and  Public  Safety,  Emergency  Management  coordinates  response  and  relief  activities 

in  the  event  of  a  major  emergency  or  disaster  using  a  four-phase  approach  to 
';  emergency  situations:  preparedness,  response,  recovery,  and  mitigation. 

•  This  divisions  major  emergency  response  functions  are  carried  out  by  the  State 
j  Emergency  Response  Team  (SERT).  The  SERT  is  composed  of  top-level  management 
representatives  from  each  state  agency  involved  in  response  activities.  During  an 
emergency,  the  Secretary  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety  is  the  governors 
authorized  representative  to  call  and  direct  any  state  agency  to  respond  to  the 
emergency.  The  SERT  directs  on-site  response  activities  when  two  or  more  state 
agencies  are  involved  and  will,  upon  request,  direct  the  total  response  including 
local,  state,  federal  and  private  resources.  By  providing  support  to  local  governments 
through  response  efforts,  planning  and  training,  the  Division  of  Emergency 
Management  carries  out  its  theme  of  cooperation,  coordination,  and  unity. 

Governor's  Crime  Commission 

The  Governors  Crime  Commission  embodies  the  former  Law  and  Order 

Committee  created  in  1968  in  the  Department  of  Natural  and  Economic  Resources. 

jThe  Law  and  Order  Committee  was  transferred  to  the  newly-formed  Deparinicni  ol 

Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety  in  1977.  The  Governors  Crime  Commission  serves 


289 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

by  statute  as  the  chief  advisory  board  to  the  governor  and  the  Secretar)'  of  Crime 
Control  and  Pubhc  Safety  on  crime  and  justice  issues  and  poHcies. 

The  40-member  commission  has  representatives  from  all  parts  of  the  criminal   ' 
justice  system,  local  government,  the  legislature  and  other  citizens.  This  commission 
is  supported  by  a  stall  in  the  Governors  Crime  Commission  Division  and  has  been 
a  unique  forum  for  criminal  justice  m  North  Carolina.  Throughout  its  history,  the 
Governors  Crime  Commission  has  served  m  a  leadership  role  m  criminal  justice 
planning,  issue  analysis,  program  development  and  coordination.  The  Crime   : 
Commission  has  been  a  force  behind  many  successful  statewide  programs  such  as 
driving-while-impaired  legislation,  community  ser\ace  restitution,  crime  prevention   , 
and  community  watch,  rape  victim  assistance,  victim  compensation  and  sentencing 
reform.  j 

This  commission  currently  oversees  crime-related  federal  grant  programs  for  i 
the  state.  These  programs  include  the  Juvenile  Justice  and  Delinquency  Prevention 
Program,  the  Justice  Assistance  Program,  the  Victim  of  Crime  Act  Program  and  the   ' 
Drug  Control  and  System  Improvement  Program.  The  programs  bring  approximately 
$20  million  m  federal  monies  to  North  Carolina  for  criminal  justice  improvement  i 
programs.  The  Governor's  Crime  Commission  Division  serves  as  staff  to  the  40-  , 
member  Governors  Crime  Commission.  The  stall  is  responsible  (or  researching 
the  issues  under  review  by  the  commission  and  writing  the  resulting  reports  to  the 
governor.  The  staff  also  administers  crime-related  federal  grant  programs  for  the 
state. 

In  an  edort  to  streamline  management,  the  Crime  Prevention  Division  returned 
to  its  original  home  in  the  Governors  Crime  Commission  m  1999.  The  division 
was  originally  created  using  GCC  funding  and  staff  m  1979  to  motivate  citizens  m 
every  home  and  community  to  jom  actively  m  the  fight  against  crime.  The  Crime 
Prevention  Division  provides  technical  assistance  and  crime  prevention  awareness  ' 
materials  free  of  charge  to  citizens,  local  law  enforcement  agencies  and  other  groups. 
Among  the  programs  promoted  and  coordinated  by  the  division  are  Crime  Stoppers, 
Community  Watch,  Business  Crime  Prevention,  Sexual  Assault  Prevention,  Crimes  ; 
Against  the  Elderly,  Church  Watch,  Crime  Prevention  m  Public  Housing  and  others.  : 

Highway  Patrol  Dhision  \ 

In  1929,  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  created  the  State  Highway  , 
Patrol.  Chapter  218  of  the  Public  Laws  of  1929  provides: 

'T/it((  the  State  Highwav  Commission  oj  North  Carohna  is  hcrchv  authonzcd 
and  diivctcd  to  create  under  its  control  and  supervision  a  division  of  the  State 
Highway  Patrol,  consisting  oj  one  Captain  with  headquarters  in  the  State 
Highway  Building  at  Raleigh,  and  one  Lieutenant  and  three  patrolmen  in  each 
of  the  nine  State  Highway  Division  Districts  oj  the  State." 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  Highway  Patrol  was  given  statutory  responsibiHty  to  patrol  the  highways 
of  the  state,  enforce  the  motor  vehicle  laws  and  assist  the  motoring  public.  The 
State  Highway  Commission  appointed  a  captain  as  commanding  officer  of  the  State 
Highway  Patrol  and  nine  lieutenants.  These  ten  men  were  sent  to  Harrisburg,  Pa., 
to  attend  a  two-week  training  school  for  state  police.  The  captain  and  the  nine 
lieutenants  returned  to  North  Carolina  and  made  plans  for  recruiting  27  patrolmen, 
three  for  each  of  the  nine  highway  districts  in  the  state. 

The  year  1929  was  the  first  time  m  North  Carolina  history  that  all  members  of 
a  law  enforcement  unit  were  required  to  go  through  a  training  school  to  study  the 
laws  they  would  be  called  on  to  enforce.  Of  the  original  400  applicants  who  applied 
for  admission  to  the  patrol,  only  67  were  ordered  to  report  to  Camp  Glenn,  an 
abandoned  army  encampment  near  Morehead  City  The  school  ran  for  six  weeks 
and  the  names  of  the  27  men  with  the  highest  records  were  posted  on  the  bulletin 
board  as  the  first  State  Highway  Patrolmen.  Others  who  had  come  through  the 
training  course  with  credit  were  put  on  a  reser\^e  list  to  be  called  into  service  as 
openings  occurred. 

On  July  1,  1929,  37  members  of  the  patrol  took  their  oaths  of  office  in  the  hall 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  North  Carolina  Capitol.  From  this  original 
authorized  strength  of  37,  the  State  Highway  Patrol's  membership  has  increased, 
reflecting  growth  in  the  states  population,  interstate  and  state  highways,  and 
registered  vehicles  and  licensed  drivers. 

I  Throughout  its  long  history,  the  State  Highway  Patrol  has  had  many  homes.  In 
;  1933,  the  State  Highway  Patrol  was  transferred  from  the  State  Highway  Commission 
I  to  the  State  Revenue  Department.  On  July  1,  1941,  the  General  Assembly  created 
J  the  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles  and  the  State  Highway  Patrol  was  transferred 
!  from  the  State  Revenue  Department  to  the  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles.  The  patrol 
j  was  transferred  from  the  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles  in  1973  to  the  Department 
iof  Transportation.  In  1977,  the  patrol  was  transferred  from  the  Department  of 
Transportation  to  the  newly-formed  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety. 

As  the  primary  trafhc  law  enforcement  agency  in  North  Carolina,  the  chief 
responsibility  of  the  State  Highway  Patrol  is  safeguarding  life  and  property  on  the 
Estate's  highways.  The  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  patrol  are  governed  by  the 
General  Statutes  and  consist  of  regularly  patrolling  the  highways  and  enforcing  all 
laws  and  regulations  pertaining  to  travel  and  use  of  vehicles  upon  the  highways. 

Additional  duties  may  be  assigned  by  the  governor  and  the  secretary  of  Crime 
Control  and  Public  Safety,  such  as  providing  manpower  and  support  for  civil 
'disturbances,  nuclear  accidents,  chemical  spills  and  natural  disasters.  The  patrol 
jalso  provides  security  for  the  governor  and  his  family. 

The  year  1977  also  brought  a  change  in  location  and  facihties  for  the  Patrols 
training  schools.  Camp  Glenn  was  the  site  for  training  the  first  class  of  Highway 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Patrol  recruits,  but  there  was  no  permanent  training  site  until  1946,  when  classes 
were  held  at  the  Institute  of  Government  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at 
Chapel  Hill.  When  the  Patrol  outgrew  that  site,  several  locations  throughout  the 
state  were  considered  as  possible  training  sites  and  the  Governor  Morehead  School 
for  the  Blind  located  at  3318  Garner  Road  m  Raleigh  was  selected. 

In  the  fall  of  1982,  the  Highway  Patrol  State  Auxiliary,  an  organization  of  patrol 
wives  and  widows,  decided  to  place  a  monument  at  the  training  center  in  memoiy 
ol  the  troopers  killed  m  the  line  of  duty  After  a  fund-raismg  campaign  to  pay  for  its 
construction,  on  May  18,  1986,  Governor  James  G.  Martin  accepted  the  memorial 
on  behalf  ot  the  state  during  dedication  ceremonies.  The  inscription  on  the 
monument  was  written  by  Latish  Williams,  an  employee  of  the  Patrol  Headquarters 
staff: 

In  mcmorv  oj  those  who  /osf  thcw  hvcs  in  the  hnc  oj  duty,  wc  hope  vou  see 
theiv  jaees  and  hearts  in  this  stone  oj  beautv.  In  dedication  and  honor  to  those 
who  die  diroiighoiit  the  years,  we  stand  hejore  this  memorial  and  hold  hack  the 
tears.  Over  the  years,  we  lost  brave  troopers  who  were  our  comrades  and  friends. 
We  dedicate  this  monument  in  their  honor  knowing  that  when  one  dies,  lije 
begins. 

Law  Enforceittent  Support  Services 

Law  Enforcement  Support  Senices  (LESS)  is  a  unique  state  program  that  provides 
surplus  equipment  from  the  U.S.  Department  of  Defense  free  to  state  and  local  law 
enforcement  agencies  for  use  m  counter-drug  activities.  Under  the  provisions  of  the 
National  Defense  Appropriations  Act  of  1989,  the  Department  of  Crime  Control 
and  Public  Safety  was  designated  as  the  agency  m  North  Carolina  that  would  handle 
distribution  of  military  surplus  items  to  local  and  state  law  enforcement  agencies. 

LESS  was  tormally  created  in  1994  to  provide  a  coordinated  means  for  local 
agencies  to  obtain  lederal  surplus  equipment.  The  section  maintains  a  list  of  requests 
Irom  local  agencies,  then  obtains  equipment  in  bulk  and  distributes  it  to  the  agencies 
that  requested  a  particular  item  tirst.  In  order  to  receive  the  surplus  equipment,  j 
agencies  must  describe  their  counter-drug  efforts  and  ]ustify  the  need  for  any  items  '■ 
they  request.  Between  May  16,  1994,  and  March  31,  2000,  LESS  issued  items 
valued  at  a  total  of  $81,358,028  to  420  police  departments  and  sheriffs  offices  m  ! 
100  counties,  as  well  as  to  18  state  agencies.  | 

LESS  also  administers  the  North  Carolina  Police  Corps  scholarship  program, 
which  IS  designed  to  place  officers  who  are  college  graduates  in  smaller  law  I 
enforcement  agencies  involved  m  community-oriented  policing.  There  is  also  a  j 
scholarship  tor  dependent  children  of  ofhcers  killed  while  performing  official  police  . 
duties. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

National  Guard  Division 

Since  the  colonial  era  of  this  nation's  history,  there  have  been  citizen  soldiers 
who  worked  at  their  trades,  jobs,  farms,  professions  and  other  livelihoods,  while 
also  serving  as  members  of  organized  miUtia  units.  When  needed,  these  citizen- 
soldiers  assisted  in  the  defense  of  life,  property  and  their  community  The  North 
Carolina  National  Guard  has  its  roots  in  this  tradition. 

The  National  Guard  today  is  the  organized  militia  of  the  state  and  the  governor 
is  the  commander-in-chief.  The  National  Guard  is  also  a  part  of  the  Armed  Forces' 
reserve  force  structure  with  the  president  as  commander-in-chief,  which  gives  the 
guard  a  federal  as  well  as  a  state  mission. 

As  the  state  militia,  the  guard  has  a  long  history  of  service  to  the  people  of  the 
state.  On  numerous  occasions,  the  guard  has  provided  assistance  to  state  and  local 
authorities  when  natural  disasters  such  as  hurricanes,  floods,  fires  and  tornadoes 
occurred  and  during  civil  disturbances  and  other  law  enforcement  emergencies  that 
required  additional  trained  manpower  to  supplement  state  and  local  resources. 

As  a  part  of  the  reser\'e  forces  of  the  United  States  Armed  Forces,  the  guard  has 
been  called  or  ordered  to  active  federal  service  to  defend  the  nation.  Early  militia 
and  modern  guard  units  have  responded  to  this  need  since  the  Revolutionary  War. 
The  N.C.  National  Guard's  most  recent  combat  experience  came  in  the  Persian  Gulf 
War  of  1991  when  thousands  of  North  Carolinians  spent  months  in  Saudi  Arabia, 
Kuwait  and  Iraq.  More  recently  North  Carolina  National  Guard  members  have  served 
extended  tours  of  duty  in  Bosnia,  Croatia,  Somalia  and  Haiti. 

In  1806,  following  the  War  for  American  Independence,  under  the  authority  of 

the  MiUtia  Acts  of  1792  and  1795  passed  by  the  U.S.  Congress,  the  General  Assembly 

passed  a  law  establishing  the  Adjutant  General's  Department.  The  miUtia  then  began 

to  become  better  organized  and  trained.  For  many  years  the  State  Guard,  as  it  was 

then  known,  had  no  federal  recognition;  and  at  the  time  of  the  Spanish-American 

'.  War  in  1898,  it  was  discovered  that  the  president  of  the  United  States  had  no  authority 

,  lo  order  the  guard  into  federal  service.  Under  the  Acts  of  Congress  of  June  3,  1916, 

,  a  deUnite  place  in  the  national  defense  structure  was  created  for  the  guard;  and  the 

.  State  Guard  became  the  National  Guard. 

Since  this  change  in  the  federal  laws,  the  National  Guard  has  become  an  integral 
part  of  the  country's  first  line  of  defense.  With  the  backing  of  the  federal  government 
and  laws  passed  by  the  respective  states  based  upon  the  National  Defense  Acts,  the 
National  Guard  has  continuously,  through  its  training,  developed  a  high  standard 
of  efUciency  Today  it  is  recognized  as  an  important  part  of  the  Army  of  the  United 
States.  In  1947,  the  Army  Air  Corps  was  designated  the  United  States  Air  Force  and 
became  a  separate  component  of  the  armed  services.  At  the  same  time,  the  National 
Guard  of  the  United  States  was  divided  into  the  Army  National  Guard  and  the  Air 
National  Guard. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Deparimcni  of  Defense  continues  to  expand  tlie  role  of  the  guard  m  the 
national  deiense  j:)lan  and  to  develop  a  "One  Army"  concept  of  active  and  rcser\'e 
forces.  Today,  the  North  Carolina  Army  and  Air  Guard  consists  of  more  than  14,000 
soldiers  and  airmen.  It  is  a  modern,  well-trained  force  which  continues  to  distinguish 
itself  in  peacetime  and  to  fulfill  both  its  federal  and  state  missions.  Guard  troops  are 
equipped  with  some  of  the  most  modern  military  equipment:  the  Ml  Abrams  Tank, 
the  M2  Bradley  Infantry  Fighting  Vehicle,  the  M60-A3  Mam  Battle  Tank,  the  AH  60 
Black  Hawk  Helicopter  and  the  AH  64A  Apache  Attack  Helicopter. 

The  North  Carolina  Army  National  Guard  continues  the  tradition  begun  m 
colonial  times.  Many  units  today  have  lineages  going  back  100  years  or  more.  Not 
only  IS  the  guard  an  important  source  of  pride  and  community  involvement,  but  it 
stands  ready  to  protect  and  seiwe  its  citizens. 

Victim  and  Justice  Scfiices  Division 

The  Victim  and  Justice  Services  Division  formerly  was  a  section  of  the  Governors 
Clime  Commission  Division.  The  community  services  alternative  punishment 
programs  for  persons  sentenced  under  the  Safe  Roads  Act  became  the  responsibility 
of  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety  m  1983.  The  department 
created  a  new  dix'ision  to  administer  these  programs.  This  new  division  was  called 
the  Victim  and  Justice  Ser\ices  Division.  Staff  and  funding  for  this  division  were 
drawn  from  the  Governors  Crime  Commission  Division  and  other  divisions  of  the 
department.  Through  field  offices  located  in  each  of  the  states  34  judicial  districts, 
the  Community  Service  Work  Program  places  and  supervises  convicted  offenders 
who  have  been  ordered  by  the  court  to  make  restitution  in  the  form  of  free  labor  to 
charitable  organizations  and  government  agencies. 

Since  1983,  the  Community  Service  Work  Program  admitted  clients  who  gave 
the  State  of  North  Carolina  27.6  million  hours  of  free  labor  with  an  estimated 
monetary  value  of  $153  million.  Not  only  did  the  state  benefit  trom  this  free  labor  ' 
by  offenders,  it  also  collected  more  than  $56  million  m  fees  which  go  to  the  General 
Fund  tor  schools  and  other  vital  services.  The  combined  total  of  services  and  money 
to  the  state  exceeds  $200  million.  Other  programs  have  evolved  from  the 
Community  Service  Work  Program.  The  Deterred  Prosecution  and  Community 
Service  Parole  programs  are  administered  in  whole  or  m  part  by  the  division.  i 

This  division  also  operates  programs  that  provide  direct  senices  to  victims  and  i 
to  justice  system  agencies.  The  North  Carolina  Crime  Victims  Compensation 
Commission  (NCCVCC)  reimburses  persons  for  uninsured  medical  expenses  and 
lost  wages  resulting  from  violent  crime.  Victims  may  receive  a  maximum  of  $30,000, 
plus  an  additional  $3,500  for  funeral  expenses  if  the  victim  dies  from  the  crime. 
Claims  must  be  submitted  to  the  NCCVCC  for  verification  and  approval.  The  Rape 
Victim  Assistance  Program  provides  financial  assistance  to  victims  of  sex  offenses 
by  reimbursing  the  cost  of  emergency  medical  treatment  and  e\'idence  collection. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

This  program  has  served  thousands  of  victims  since  its  inception  in  1981.  Division 
staff  members  also  conduct  workshops  for  law  enforcement  officers  on  managing 
occupational  stress,  usmg  the  services  of  a  licensed  psychologist  to  counsel  police 
officers. 

Crime  and  Public  Safety- Related  Boards  and  Commissions 
Govemoi^s  Advisory  Commission  on  Military  Affiairs 

Governor's  Crime  Commission 

N.C.  Boxing  Commission 

N.C.  Crime  Victims  Compensation  Commission 

N.C.  Emergency  Response  Commission 

For  more  mformation  about  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety, 
call  (919)  733-2126  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  www.nccrimecontrol.org. 


Bryan  E.  Beatty 

Secretary  of  Crime  Control  and  Public 
^Safety 

Early  Years 

,  Born  March  10,  1958,  in  Salisbury,  Rowan  County,  to 
O.K.  and  Ellestine  Dillard  Beatty 

;  EducationalBackground 

:  Salisbury  High  School,  Salisbury,  1976;  B.A.,  Political 

Science,  State  University  of  New  York,  1980;  Law 
1  Enforcement  Certification,  N.C.  State  Bureau  of 

Investigation,  1981;  J.D.,  School  of  Law,  University  of 
j  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  1987. 

Political  Activities 

Secretary,  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety,  2001-Present;  Director, 
N.C.  State  Bureau  of  Investigation;  Deputy  Attorney  General,  N.C.  Department  oi 
Justice. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  and  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

Board  of  Directors,  Pines  of  Carolina  Girl  Scouts;  Board  of  Directors,  Frankic 
Lcmmon  School. 

J  Elected  orAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

iGoverning  Board,  Criminal  Justice  Information  Network;  Chair,  Stale  Emergency 
'Response  Commission;  Governor's  Crime  Commission. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Honors  andAwards 

2002  Harvey  Elliot  Beech  Award,  UNC  General  Alumni  Association;  2003 
Distinguished  Service  Award,  National  Governors  Association 

Personallnfoiinatkni 

Married,  Rhonda  Hubbard  Beatty.  Two  children.  Baptist 

Secretaries  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety 

Name  Residence  Term 

J.  Phillip  Carlton-  Wake  1977-1978 

Herbert  L.  Hyde^  Buncombe  1979 

Burley  B.  Mitchell  Wake  1979-1982 

Heman  R.  Clark'  Cumberland  1982-1985  | 

Joseph  W.  Dean*^  Wake  1985-1992 

Alan  Y  Pugh'  Randolph  1992-1993 

Thurman  B.  Hampton'^  Rockingham  1993-1995 

Richard  H.  Moore'  Granville  1995-1999  | 

David  E.  Kelly'^'  Brunswick  1999-2000  ' 

Bryan  E.  Beatty  Wake  2001 -Present 

I 

^    The  General  Assembly  of  1977  abolished  the  Department  of  Military  and  Veterans 
Affairs  and  created  the  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety  ' 

-    Carlton  was  appointed  on  April  1,  1977,  by  Governor  Hunt.  He  resigned  effective  : 
January  1,  1979,  following  his  appointment  to  the  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals. 

Hyde  was  appointed  on  January  2,  1979,  by  Governor  Hunt  to  replace  Carlton. 

Mitchell  was  appointed  on  August  21,  1979,  to  replace  Hyde.  He  resigned  in 

early  1982  following  his  appointment  to  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court. 

I 
Clark  was  appointed  m  Fcbruaiy  2,  1982,  by  Governor  Hunt  to  replace  Mitchell. 

Dean  was  appointed  January  7,  1985  by  Governor  Martin. 

Pugh  was  appointed  June   1,  1992,  to  serve  the  remainder  of  the  Martin  ■. 
Administration.  ! 

Hampton  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  and  sworn  m  on  February  3,  1993.  ■ 

He  resigned  September  30,  1995.  i 

I 
Moore  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  and  sworn  in  on  December  1,  1995. 

Kelly  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  anci  sworn  m  on  Nov.  23,  1999.  ' 


10 


296 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  Cultural  Resources 

When  the  North  CaroHna  Department  of  Cultural  Resources  was  created  in 
1971,  it  became  the  hrst  state  government  cabinet-level  department  for  cultural 
affairs  established  m  the  U.S.  The  purpose  of  the  department  is  to  enhance  the 
cultural  climate  of  North  CaroUna  by  providing  access  to  the  arts,  historical  resources 
and  libraries.  Cultural  Resources  interprets  "culture"  as  an  inclusive  term  for  the 
many  ways  people  have  of  understandmg  their  history,  values  and  natural  creativity 
By  emphasizing  the  richness  of  North  Carolina  traditions,  history  and  art,  the 
department  works  to  preserve  and  protect  the  state's  cultural  heritage  for  future 
generations. 

The  department  consists  of  two  major  offices:  Archives  and  History  and  Arts 
and  Libraries.  Each  office  oversees  numerous  sections.  The  Office  of  Archives  and 
History  is  made  up  of  the  North  CaroUna  Museum  of  History,  Historic  Sites  and 
Historical  Resources.  The  Office  of  Arts  and  Libraries  includes  the  North  Carolina 
Museum  of  Art,  North  Carolma  Arts  Council,  the  State  Library  of  North  Carolina 
and  the  North  Carolina  Symphony. 

The  Office  of  Archives  and  History 

Founded  m  1903  as  the  North  Carolina  Historical  Commission,  the  North 
Carolina  Office  of  Archives  and  History  is  the  agency  responsible  for  stewardship 
|of  the  state's  past.  The  mission  of  the  office  is  to  collect,  preserve  and  utilize  the 
I  state's  historic  resources  so  that  present  and  future  residents  may  better  understand 
their  history.  To  that  end,  the  office  safeguards  the  documentary  and  material  evidence 
of  past  generations  for  the  education  of  all  citizens  and  the  protection  of  their 
democratic  rights. 

I  The  agency  provides  leadership  and  assistance  to  encourage  the  preserv^ation  of 
historical  resources  by  government  agencies,  private  individuals,  businesses  and 
jnon-profit  organizations  throughout  the  state.  Archives  and  Histor}'  looks  to  the 
jfuture  as  it  endeavors  to  save  what  is  important  from  the  past  and  present  for  the 
'education  and  fulfillment  of  all  North  Carolinians.  The  character,  cultural  identity 
and  direction  of  North  Carolina  emerge  from  its  historic  heritage. 

I  Among  the  agency's  oldest  programs  is  the  North  Carolina  Highway  Historical 
^Marker  Program,  administered  jointly  with  the  Department  of  Transportation  since 
1935.  The  program,  overseen  by  an  advisory  committee  of  scholars,  identifies  and 
marks  sites  of  statewide  historical  significance  by  means  of  cast  aluminum  signs  on 
;posts  alongside  the  state's  highways.  Among  the  newest  initiatives,  with  annual 
(Competitions  since  1997,  is  National  History  Day,  designed  to  promote  interest  in 
history  among  students  and  to  encourage  them  to  develop  skills  in  historical  research 
,and  presentation.  Students  use  these  skills  to  design  an  exhibit,  write  a  paper,  produce 
a  documentary  or  create  a  performance  centered  on  the  annual  theme. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Historical  Resources 

The  Archives  and  Records  Section  is  responsible  for  promoimg  and 
safeguarding  the  documentaiy  heritage  of  the  state,  particularly  as  it  pertains  to 
public  offices.  The  section  conducts  statewide  archival  and  records  management 
programs  that  help  collect,  reference  and  preserve  records  of  state  and  local 
governments  and  public  universities.  Open  to  the  public  five  days  a  week,  the 
North  Carolina  State  Archives  houses  over  55,000  cubic  feet  of  permanently  valuable 
materials  containing  millions  of  individual  items.  The  Government  Records  Branch 
provides  and  administers  records  management  semces  to  state  government  agencies, 
local  governments  and  state-supported  institutions  of  higher  education.  Its  holdings 
are  housed  in  tour  records  storage  facilities  with  a  total  capacity  of  approximately 
220,000  cubic  feet.  The  section  administers  the  Outer  Banks  History  Center,  a 
regional  research  facility  in  Manteo. 

The  Historical  Publications  Section  serves  to  stimulate  historical 
investigation;  promote  knowledge  of  the  history  of  the  state;  and  encourage  the 
study  ol  North  Carolina  history.  Two  ongoing  projects  are  the  editing  and  publication 
of  the  Colomal  Records  of  North  Carolina  [Second  Series]  and  North  Carohna  Troops, 
1S61-1865,  a  comprehensive  Civil  War  rosier.  Among  the  sections  bestselling  titles 
are  ones  on  pirates  and  coastal  history.  Of  particular  interest  to  scholars  are 
documentary  volumes  of  the  papers  of  James  Iredell  and  Zebulon  Baird  Vance.  The 
section  publishes  the  North  Carohna  Historical  Review,  established  in  1924  as  a 
medium  ol  publication  and  discussion  ot  history  in  North  Carolina.  The  Review, 
issued  quarterly,  is  the  delinitive  source  lor  the  study  and  understanding  ol  the 
states  history.  Carolina  Comments  is  the  quarterly  newsletter  ot  the  Ottice  ot  Archives 
and  History. 

The  North  Carolina  State  Historic  Preservation  Office  assists  citizens,  private 
institutions,  local  governments  and  agencies  ot  state  and  tederal  government  m  the 
identitication,  evaluation,  protection  and  enhancement  of  properties  significant  in 
North  Carolina  history.  The  agency  administers  the  National  Register  of  Historic 
Places  program.  The  chief  services  ot  the  ofhce  include  the  statewide  survey  of 
historic  buildings  and  districts;  environmental  review  ot  state  and  tederal  actions 
affecting  historic  and  archaeological  properties;  technical  assistance  to  owners  in 
the  restoration  of  historic  properties;  grant  assistance  for  historic  preservation 
projects;  and  technical  assistance  to  local  preservation  commissions.  The  office  has 
produced  a  series  of  publications  based  upon  its  survey  v^'ork,  notably  guides  to 
historic  architecture  ot  the  entire  state. 

The  Office  of  State  Archaeology  coordinates  and  implements  a  statewide 
program  of  prehistoric,  historic  and  underwater  archaeology.  The  office  has 
professional  staff  m  Raleigh,  Asheville,  Kure  Beach  (adjacent  to  Fort  Fisher  near 


298 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Wilmington),  Greenville  and  Morehead  City.  The  offices  Research  Center,  completed 
in  1998,  provides  access  to  the  states  archaeological  heritage.  The  Underwater 
;  Archaeology  Unit,  established  30  years  ago,  has  grown  to  be  a  nationally-respected 
program.  The  unit  has  documented  more  than  5,000  shipwrecks  in  North  Carolina 
waters.  None  of  these  underwater  archaeological  sites  has  had  more  impact  than  the 
shipwreck  discovered  near  Beaufort  Inlet  in  1996.  The  site  dates  to  the  early  18'*^ 
century  and  is  the  oldest  wreck  found  m  state  waters.  Since  its  discovery, 
archaeologists  have  attempted  to  determine  whether  the  shipwreck  is  that  of  the 
pirate  Blackbeards  flagship.  Queen  Anne's  Revenge. 


State  History  Museums 

The  North  Carolina  Museum  of  History  in  Raleigh  promotes  the  understanding 
of  the  history  and  material  culture  of  North  Carolina  for  the  educational  benefit  of 
North  Carolinians.  Through  collections  and  historical  interpretation,  it  encourages 
citizens  and  \isitors  to  explore  and  understand  the  past;  to  reflect  on  their  own  lives 
and  their  place  m  history;  and  to  preserve  state,  regional  and  local  history  for  future 
generations.  Long-term  exhibits  include  the  North  Carolina  Sports  Hall  of  Fame 
and  Tar  Heel  Junior  Historian  Association  Gallery  Recent  temporary  exhibits  have 
dealt  with  the  Civil  War  and  with  health  and  healing.  The  museum  regularly  hosts 
traveling  exhibits  on  topics  ranging  from  colonial  furniture  to  Presidential  portraits 
to  Charles  Lindbergh. 

Founded  m  1902  by  Fred  Olds  and  long  known  as  the  Hall  of  History,  the 
Museum  of  History  moved  to  its  present  quarters  in  April,  1994.  One  aspect  of  the 
museums  mission  is  to  interpret  North  Carolina  history  through  the  acquisition, 
preservation  and  presentation  of  artifacts.  The  museum's  collection  contains  more 
than  250,000  artifacts  representative  of  North  Carolina's  past.  The  staff  includes 
specialists  in  design,  artifact  identification  and  provenance,  conservation  and 
restoration  techniques  and  historical  context.  Curators  specialize  in  fields  such  as 
agriculture  and  industry,  community  history,  costume  and  textiles,  folklife, 
furnishings  and  decorative  arts,  military  histor}-  and  political  and  socioeconomic 
history.  Educational  programming,  tailored  to  both  students  and  teachers,  is 
structured  to  complement  the  standard  course  of  study  in  state  histor)'  in  secondar)' 
schools.  The  museum  hosts  regular  events  geared  toward  adult  learning,  such  as  a 
book  series,  concerts  and  lunchtime  speakers  programs.  Capitol  Area  Visitors 
Services,  also  housed  in  the  museum,  provides  information  and  assistance  to  more 
than  100,000  annual  visitors  to  Raleigh's  state-owned  cultural  attractions. 

The  Museum  of  the  Albemarle  tells  the  story  of  the  people  who  have  lived  in 
the  Albemarle  region  —  from  Native  Americans  to  the  first  English-speaking 
colonists  to  farmers  and  fishermen.  The  museum  is  currently  planning  a  move  into 
a  new  building  on  the  waterfront  in  Elizabeth  City.  The  Museum  of  the  Cape  Fear 


299 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

in  Fayetteville  interprets  the  histoiy  and  culture  of  southern  North  Carolina  from 
prehistor)'  to  the  present.  The  Mountain  Gateway  Museum  m  Old  Fort  interprets 
the  mountain  regions  history  from  the  earliest  inhabitants  through  the  setdement 
period  and  into  the  twentieth  century 

The  North  Carolina  Maritime  Museum  m  Beaufort  is  driven  by  its  mission  to 
preserve  and  interpret  all  aspects  of  North  Carolinas  rich  maritime  heritage  through 
educational  exhibits,  programs  and  field  trips.  The  museum  has  an  active 
boatbuilding  program  and  offers  environmental  education  programs,  including  one 
at  Cape  Lookout.  Maritime  museum  branches  are  located  m  Southport  and  on 

Roanoke  Island. 

i 

i 

I 

State  Historic  Sites  \ 

The  North  CaroUna  State  Capitol,  completed  m  1840,  is  one  of  the  finest  and  | 
best-preserved  examples  of  a  major  civic  building  in  the  Greek  Revival  style  of  I 
architecture.  I 

Tryon  Palace  Historic  Sites  &c  Gardens  provides  daily  tours  of  North  Carolmas  i 
restored  colonial  capitol  and  governors  residence  in  New  Bern,  originally  completed  j 
m  1770  for  Governor  William  Tryon.  The  site  also  includes  the  John  Wright  Stanly  j 
House  Cca.  1779),  the  Dixon-Stevenson  House  (ca.  1830),  the  New  Bern  Academy  \ 
(ca.   1809)  and   14  acres  of  period-inspired  gardens.  Recently  acquired,  for  | 
development  as  a  history  education  and  visitors  center,  is  the  six-acre  Barbour  Boat  i 
Works  shipyard  tract.  The  staff  researches,  collects,  preserves  and  interprets  the 
material  culture  relating  to  the  period  from  1770  to  1865.  Recent  initiatives  have 
included  revised  presentations  for  the  costumed  interpreters  and  m-depth  research 
on  the  regions  African-American  history. 

The  USS  Battleship  North  Carolina,  berthed  on  the  Wilmington  waterfront, 
has  provided  two  distinctly  different  ser\'ices.  In  her  first  life,  from  1941  to  1947, 
the  vessel  was  a  battle-tested  veteran  of  Vvbrld  War  11.  In  her  second  life,  launched 
m  October,  1961,  she  is  North  Carolmas  memorial  to  its  World  War  11  veterans,  a 
tourist  attraction  and  a  museum. 

Roanoke  Island  Festival  Park  m  Manteo  blends  history  education  and  the  arts 
in  a  celebration  of  Roanoke  Island,  the  site  of  England's  first  attempt  to  colonize 
North  America  m  the  1680s.  The  parks  attractions  include  the  Elizabeth  //,  a  replica 
of  a  sixteenth-centuiy  sailing  vessel;  the  Roanoke  Adventure  Museum;  an  outdoor 
pavilion;  and  an  art  gallery 

The  North  Carohna  Transportation  Museum  at  Spencer  Shops  is  housed  in 
what  once  was  Southern  Railways  largest  repair  facility  acquired  by  the  state  in 
1977.  In  1996,  the  centennial  year  of  the  shops,  the  roundhouse  opened  to  the 
public.  Presently,  the  major  focus  is  the  rehabilitation  of  the  back  shop  for  exhibits. 
The  remaining  22  State  Historic  Sites  preser\^e  throughout  North  Carolina  significant 
properties  related  to  events,  people  and  themes  important  to  the  states  past.  ' 

300 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Administrative  staff  offices  are  maintained  in  Raleigh  and  New  Bern.  The  sites 
encompass  buildings  and  grounds  for  the  enjoyment  of  visitors  and  for  future 
generations  who  wish  to  learn  more  about  the  Tar  Heel  State.  In  addition,  artifacts 
unique  to  each  site  are  preser\'ed  so  that  the  people  and  their  times  can  be  better 
understood.  Most  sites  have  visitor  centers  with  interactive  exhibits,  multimedia 
presentations  and  picnic  facilities. 

The  sites  are  administered  by  region.  In  the  Northeast  region  are  Historic  Bath, 
I  Historic  Edenton,  Historic  Halifax  and  Somerset  Place.  In  the  Piedmont  region  are 
I  Alamance  Battleground,  Bennett  Place,  Charlotte  Hawkins  Brown  Museum,  Duke 

I  Homestead,  House  m  the  Horseshoe,  Stag\alle  and  Town  Creek.  In  the  Southeast 
region  are  Aycock  Birthplace,  Bentonville  Battleground,  Brunswick  Town,  CSS  Neuse 

II  and  Fort  Fisher.  In  the  West  region  are  Fort  Dobbs,  Home  Creek,  Polk  Memorial, 
j  Reed  Gold  Mine,Thomas  Wolfe  Birthplace,  and  Vance  Birthplace. 

j  The  Ofhce  of  Archives  and  History  maintains  service  branches  in  Asheville  and 
i  Greenville,  offering  professional  expertise  in  historic  resource  management.  The 
i  Eastern  Offices  specializes  in  assistance  with  historic  preservation.  The  Western 
(  Office  specializes  in  archival  management,  preservation  and  site  operations.  For 
li  more  detailed  information  about  the  North  Carolina  Office  of  Archives  and  History, 
il  including  hours,  directions,  names  of  staff  members,  events  listings  and  news 
ij  updates,  see  the  agency's  Web  site  at  www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us. 

The  Office  of  Arts  and  Libraries 

North  Carolina  is  a  state  of  cultural  firsts:  the  hrst  m  the  U.S.  to  devote  public 
funds  for  an  art  collection;  the  first  local  arts  council;  the  first  state-supported  arts 
school;  and  the  first  to  provide  continuous  funding  to  a  state  symphony.  These 
programs,  which  provide  education,  entertainment  and  vast  enjoyment  for  hundreds 
of  thousands  people  each  year,  are  part  of  the  Office  of  Arts  and  Libraries  of  the 
N.C.  Department  of  Cultural  Resources  through  the  divisions  of  the  North  Carolina 
Symphony,  the  North  Carolina  Arts  Council,  the  North  Carolina  Museum  of  An 
'and  the  State  Library  of  North  Carolina. 

North  Carolina  Symphony 

The  North  Carolina  Symphony  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  first  orchestra 
in  the  country  to  receive  continuous  state  funding.  When  the  1943  General  Assembly 
passed  what  it  called  the  "Horn-Tootin'  Bill,"  the  symphony  began  taking  the 
orchestra  to  the  people  of  the  state,  a  tradition  that  continues  today  In  its  role  as 
North  Carolina's  premier  performing  arts  organization,  the  North  Carolina  Symphony 
travels  more  than  14,000  miles  during  the  regular  season  each  year,  performing  in 
large  and  small  communities  from  the  mountains  to  ihc  coast.  Presenting 
lapproximately  175  concerts  throughout  the  state,  the  orchestra  reaches  100,000 
Ichildren  and  more  than  275,000  adults  each  year. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Under  the  leadership  of  Music  Director  and  Conductor  Grant  Llewellyn  and 
Associate  Conductor  William  Henry  Curry  the  North  Carolina  Symphony  ranks  as 
one  oi  the  nations  major  orchestras,  presenting  the  tinest  m  live,  symphonic  music. 
In  addition  to  its  outstanding  reputation,  the  s)Tnphony  also  has  one  of  the  most 
extensive  music  education  programs  m  the  country.  Approximately  50  of  its  yearly 
concerts  are  given  free  of  admission  to  school  children  throughout  the  state  m  their 
home  communities. 

Along  with  its  statewide  concerts,  the  orchestra  presents  75  classical  and  pops 
concerts  each  year  in  the  Raleigh,  Durham,  Chapel  Hill  and  Cary  metropolitan  area. 
The  North  Carolina  Symphony  is  a  full-time,  professional  orchestra  with  64 
members,  currently  based  m  Raleighs  world-class  Meymandi  Concert  Hall,  one  of 
the  nations  premier  acoustical  environments. 

This  highly-respected  orchestra  has  appeared  twice  at  Carnegie  Hall  m  New 
York  City  and  once  each  at  Orchestra  Hall  in  Chicago  and  the  Kennedy  Center  m 
Washington,  D.C.  World-renowned  soloists  and  conductors,  including  Andre  Watts, 
Nadja  Salerno-Sonnenberg,  Doc  Severinsen,  Raymond  Leppard  and  L\mn  Harrell, 
regularly  perform  with  the  North  Carolina  S}niphon)'.  The  symphon\'  has  produced 
four  recordings:  one  of  Durham  composer  Robert  Wards  compositions;  one  of 
holiday  pops  music;  an  all-Beethoven  recording;  and  a  recording  of  patriotic  works 
entided  American  Favorites. 

State  Library  of  North  Carolina 

The  State  Library  has  a  long  and  proud  history  beginning  with  its  founding  in 
1812  as  a  collection  of  books  m  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  and  the  appointment 
of  the  tirst  full-time  State  Librarian  m  1843.  Another  historical  milestone  was  the 
establishment  ot  the  North  Carolina  Library  Commission  in  1909.  Its  primary 
mission  was  to  provide  assistance,  advice  and  counsel  to  all  libraries,  all  communities 
that  proposed  to  establish  libraries  and  all  persons  interested  m  the  best  means  of 
establishing  and  administering  libraries.  By  action  of  the  General  Assembly  m  1955, 
the  State  Libraiy  and  the  Libraiy  Commission  were  merged  to  form  a  single  State 
Library.  Today,  the  State  Library  is  a  division  of  the  Department  of  Cultural  Resources. 
The  State  Library  Commission,  a  15-member  group  of  citizens  and  professional 
librarians,  advises  the  Secretary  of  Cultural  Resources  and  the  State  Librarian  on 
priorities  and  policy  issues. 

The  State  Library  of  North  Carolina  focuses  its  ser\'ices  to  the  people  of  the 
state  in  three  ways:  (1)  by  working  m  partnership  with  local  communities  to  develop 
public  library  senices  statewide;  (2)  by  developing  librar)'  networks  and  coordinating 
efforts  among  all  types  of  libraries  to  provide  access  to  electronic  information 
resources  through  a  modern  telecommunications  infrastructure;  and  (3)  by  operating 
the  State  Library,  which  provides  services  to  a  constituency  that  includes  government 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

officials,  business  people  and  the  general  public  with  an  emphasis  on  genealogy 
researchers  and  blind  and  physically  handicapped  people  in  North  Carolina. 

The  Library  Development  Section  works  closely  with  local  communities  to 
ensure  that  every  public  library  in  the  state  offers  the  best  possible  service.  The 
section  staff  also  works  with  libraries  in  North  Carolina's  public  schools,  colleges 
and  universities  to  strengthen  library  services  statewide.  The  consultant  staff  provides 
continuing  education,  consulting  assistance  and  other  types  of  support  to  local 
library  staff,  library  board  members  and  local  officials.  A  rich  array  of  statewide 
programs  support  the  efforts  of  local  libraries.  In  addition,  section  staff  manage 
statewide  programs  that  strengthen  services  offered  by  local  libraries  as  well  as  the 
State  Aid  to  Public  Libraries  program  and  the  federally-funded  Library  Services 
Technology  Act,  two  grant  programs  aimed  at  strengthening  local  library  services. 

The  Internet  is  transforming  the  way  that  North  Carolina's  libraries  do  business. 
The  new  telecommunications  technologies  are  removing  barriers  created  by  rural 
isolation,  poverty  and  institutional  resources.  The  State  Library  provides  a  variety 
of  programs  and  services  to  help  local  pubhc  libraries  close  the  "digital  divide"  in 
their  community  by  providing  access  to  the  Internet  to  people  of  all  Sages.  Another 
innovative  program  —  NC  LIVE  —  provides  access  to  magazine  articles  and  reference 
books  online  to  librar)'  patrons  in  all  100  counties.  StartSquad.org  is  an  Internet 
portal  designed  by  the  state's  librarians  to  provide  a  well-organized  selection  of  web 
sites  for  children  in  preschool  through  middle  school  and  NCECHO.org  links  a 
wealth  of  information  about  North  Carolina's  history  and  culture  in  its  libraries, 
museums,  archives  and  historical  societies. 

The  Library  Services  Section  acquires  and  makes  available  informational 
materials  to  meet  the  work-related  needs  of  state  government  employees;  serves  as 
North  Carolina's  ofhcial  state  documents  depository;  and  provides  information  for 
genealogy  researchers.  The  section's  Library  for  the  Blind  and  Physically  Handicapped 
offers  free  service  to  any  North  Carolinian  unable  to  hold  or  read  ordinary  printed 
library  materials  because  of  physical  or  visual  disability 

North  Carolina  Arts  Council 

Since  1967,  the  North  Carolina  Arts  Council  has  enriched  the  cultural  life  of 
the  state  by  nurturing  and  supporting  excellence  in  the  arts  and  providing 
opportunities  for  every  North  Carolinian  to  experience  the  arts.  Through  a  24- 
member  board  of  directors  appointed  by  the  governor,  the  Arts  Council  serves  as 
the  steward  of  state  and  federal  funds  appropriated  for  arts  programs.  The  Arts 
Council  is  recognized  nationally  for  its  innovative  leadership.  Its  programs  include: 

Arts  in  Communities:  Arts  in  Communities  works  with  local  arts  councils, 
multicultural  organizations  and  local  government  agencies  to  make  the  arts  an  integral 
part  of  community  life.  Its  Grassroots  Arts  Program,  a  per-capita  funding  program, 
is  recognized  nationally  as  a  model  for  stimulating  community-based  arts 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

devclopmcni  by  emphasizing  local  decision-making.  Arts  in  Communities  also 
directs  the  Regional  Artists  Project  Grant  program,  which  provides  funds  to  consortia 
of  local  arts  councils  to  award  artist  project  grants  and  the  Multicultural  Organizational 
Dexclopment  Program,  which  assists  previously  under-served  communities. 

Arts  in  Education:  Through  Arts  m  Education  Partnerships,  the  Arts  Council 
encourages  long-term  collaborations  between  arts  organizations,  artists  and  schools 
and  it  funds  artist  residencies  m  schools.  This  underscores  the  key  role  the  arts  play 
at  the  core  of  learning. 

Cultural  Tourism:  The  Arts  Council  provides  consultations,  technical  assistance, 
information  and  grants  to  help  arts  organizations  develop  tourism  initiatives. 
Marketing  and  public  relations  strategies  promote  the  state  s  arts  resources  to  tourists. 

Folklife:  The  Arts  Council  documents  and  celebrates  the  states  cultural  heritage; 
promotes  appreciation  of  folklife;  and  sun^eys  traditional  culture  across  the  state. 
Folk  Heritage  Awards  began  m  1989;  nearly  100  have  been  honored  since  then. 

Literary,  Visual  and  Performing  Arts:  The  Arts  Council  proxides  Imancial 
support,  information  resources  and  organizational  development  assistance  to  literary, 
visual  and  performing  arts  organizations  around  the  state.  Fellowships  are  awarded 
to  artists  each  year  to  support  their  work  and,  thus,  the  creatu'e  vitalit)'  of  the  state. 

Touring  and  Presenting:  The  Arts  Council  produces  a  listing  of  selected  North 
Carolina  artists  and  companies  m  all  disciplines.  It  provides  kinds  to  organizations 
to  hire  artists  and  companies  for  school  or  community  activities,  such  as 
performances,  workshops,  residencies  and  after-school  and  summer  programs. 

Public  Art:  The  Arts  Council  administers  the  Artworks  for  State  Buildings 
program,  which  includes  63  artworks.  Staff  also  provides  assistance  to  communities 
interested  m  public  art  projects  and  communit)'  design  through  its  program,  Creating 
Place. 

Communications:  The  Arts  Council  produces  the  journal,  NCcuts,  which  covers 
issues  and  activities  of  statewide  importance  m  the  arts.  A  website,  www.ncarts.org, 
provides  access  and  links  to  arts  programs  locally  and  nationally.  The  Arts  Council  ' 
also  provides  research  ser\-ices,  data  about  the  arts  and  mailing  lists. 

North  Carolina  Museum  of  Art 

The  North  Carolina  Museum  of  Art  houses  one  of  the  hnest  collections  ot  art  m 
the  Southeast,  a  collection  that  includes  paintings  and  sculpture  representing  5,000 
years  of  artistic  achievements  from  ancient  Egypt  to  the  present.  When  the  General 
Assembly  appropriated  one  million  dollars  m  1947  "to  purchase  an  art  collection 
for  the  state,"  North  Carolina  became  the  hrst  state  in  the  nation  to  devote  public 
funds  for  that  purpose.  With  that  first  appropriation,  the  museum  acc[uired  139 
European  and  American  paintings  including  works  by  Rubens,  Canaletto, 
Gainsborough,  Copley  and  Homer.  This  appropriation  attracted  a  gilt  trom  the 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Samuel  H.  Kress  Foundation,  which  donated  most  of  the  museums  collection  of 
Italian  Renaissance  and  Baroque  art. 

Over  the  decades  the  museums  collection  has  grown  considerably.  Major  works 
by  such  European  masters  as  Cranach  the  Elder,  Aertsen,  Canova,  Monet  and  Pissarro 
have  been  added  to  the  core  collection.  The  modern  collection  features  an  exceptional 
group  of  German  Expressionist  paintings,  as  well  as  notable  works  by  Hartley, 
O'Keeffe,  Benton,  Giacometti,  Kline,  Motherwell,  Diebenkorn  and  Bearden.  The 
museum  also  collects  the  art  of  our  own  time  including  important  works  by  Wyeth, 
Stella,  Murray,  Katz,  Kuitca  and  three  contemporary  German  masters:  Basehtz,  Kiefer 
and  Richter.  The  collection  also  has  extended  its  reach  to  embrace  Egyptian  and 
Classical  art  and  the  art  of  Africa,  Oceania  and  Ancient  America.  A  galler)^  of  Jewish 
ceremonial  art  is  one  of  the  only  two  such  displays  m  a  general  art  museum  in  the 
nation. 

Docents  conduct  tours  of  the  permanent  collection  and  tours  of  special 
exhibitions  for  groups,  including  school  children  that  visit  the  museum  for  tours 
geared  to  their  curriculum.  The  museum  presents  lectures,  concerts,  films,  classes, 
workshops  for  children  and  seminars  for  teachers.  During  warm  weather  months, 
the  museums  Joseph  M.  Bryan,  Jr.,  Theater  is  the  setting  for  a  wide  range  of  popular 
outdoor  programs  and  events. 

Founded  and  administered  by  the  North  Carolina  Art  Society  until  1961,  the 
museum  is  today  a  division  of  the  Department  of  Cultural  Resources.  Annual 
operating  support  is  provided  through  state  appropriations  and  contributions  from 
the  private  sector  administered  by  the  North  Carolina  Museum  of  Art  Foundation. 
A  full-service  restaurant  and  a  gift  shop  are  available  to  visitors.  Admission  to  the 
museum  is  free;  however,  there  may  be  an  admission  charge  for  special  exhibitions 
or  programs. 

Special  Programs 

In  addition  to  the  many  programs  and  services  already  under  way  through  the 
various  divisions  of  the  N.C.  Cultural  Resources,  the  department  also  sponsors 
cultural  programs  targeted  to  special  populations  including  people  of  color,  the 
disabled  and  residents  of  correctional  institutions.  The  department's  goal  is  to  assure 
that  the  richness  of  North  Carolina's  cultural  heritage  should  be  available  to  everyone. 

Culture-Related  Board  and  Commissions 

1898  Wilmington  Race  Riot  Commission 

Edenton  Historical  Commission 

Elxecutive  Mansion  Fine  Arts  Committee 

Governor's  Business  Council  on  Arts  and  Humanities  Board 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Historic  Bath  Commission 

Historic  Hillsboi-ough  Commission 

Historic  Murfreesboro  Commission 

John  Motley  Morehead  Memorial  Commission 

Library  Services  and  Technology  Act  (LSTA)  Advisoiy  Committee 

National  Register  Advisory  Board 

North  Carolina  Art  Society  Board 

North  Caroluia  Arts  Council  Board 

North  Carolina  Awai'ds  Committee 

North  Carolina  Highway  Historical  Maiker  Commission 

North  Carolina  Historical  Commission 

North  Cai'oluia  Museum  of  Art  Boai'd 

Noith  Cai'olina  Museum  of  History  Associates 

North  Carolina  Public  Librarian  Certification  Commission 

North  Carolina  State  Library  Commission 

North  Carolina  Symphony  Foundation,  hic. 

North  Carolina  Symphony  Society  Board 

Roanoke  Island  Historical  Association  Board  (The  Lost  Colony) 

Roanoke  Island  Commission  (Elizabeth  D) 

State  Capitol  Advisory  Committee 

State  Historical  Records  Advisory  Board 

Tryon  Palace  Commission 

USS  North  Carolina  Battleship  Commission 

Vagabond  School  ofDrama  Board 

For  more  information  on  the  Department  of  Cultural  Resources,  call  (919) 
807-7250  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  http://www.ncdcr.gov. 


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THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 


Lisbeth  Evans 

Secretary  of  Cultural  Resources 

Early  Years 

Born  to  James  Winfred  and  Trudie  Clark 
Evans  on  September  7,  1952,  in  Clarkton, 
Bladen  County. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Clarkton  High  School,  1970;  B.S.,  Wake 
Forest  University,  1974;  MBA,  Babcock 
School  of  Management,  Wake  Forest 
University  1978. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Secretary,  N.C.  Department  of  Cultural 
Resources. 

Political  Activities 

Chair,  N.C.  Democratic  Party,  January,  1996, 
to  February  1998;  Chair,  Women's  Campaign 
Fund. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  of  Trustees,  Wake  Forest  University;  Wake  Forest  University  Health  Sciences 
Board;  Board,  Second  Har\^est  Food  Bank  of  Northwest  N.C. 

Elective  orAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Directors,  Golden  L.E.A.F  (Long-Term  Economic  Advancement 
Foundation),  Inc.;    Board,  N.C.  School  of  the  Arts;  Board  of  Trustees,  UNC-TV 

Honors  andAwards 

Public  Service  Award,  YWCA  of  Winston-Salem;  Forsyth  County  Democratic  Woman 
of  the  Year;  Richardson  L.  Preyer  Award,  Leadership  North  Carolina. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  James  Tate  Lambie.  Three  children.  Member,  Augsburg  Lutheran  Church. 


Secretaries  of  Cultural  Resources^ 

Name  Residence 

Samuel  T.  Ragan-^  Moore 

Grace  J.  Rohrer^  Forsyth 

Sara  W  Hodgkins"^  Moore 

Patric  G.  Dorsey^  Craven 

Betty  R.  McCain*^  Wilson 

Lisbeth  C.  Evans'  Forsyth 


Term 

1972-1973 

1973-1977 

1977-1985 

1985-1993 

1993-2000 

2001 -Present 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

'  The  Executive  Organization  Act  of  1971  created  the  Department  of  Art,  Culture 
and  fiistory  with  provisions  for  a  secretary  appointed  by  the  governor.  The 
Organization  Act  of  1973  changed  the  name  to  the  Department  of  Cuhural 
Resources. 

'    Ragan  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott. 

^  Rohrer  was  appointed  on  January  5,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Ragan. 

"^  Hodgkins  was  appointed  on  January  10,  1977,  by  Governor  Hunt  to  replace 
Rohrer. 

'    Dorsey  was  appointed  Januar}'  7,  1985,  by  Governor  Martin  to  replace  Hodgkins. 

•"    McCain  was  appointed  January  11,  1993  by  Governor  Hunt. 

^    Evans  was  appointed  January  10,  2001,  by  Governor  Easley 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  Environment  and  Natural  Resources 

The  N.C.  Department  of  Emaronment  and  Natural  Resources  has  a  long  and 
diverse  history.  When  North  Carolina  began  enforcing  game  laws  in  1738,  acting 
years  before  statehood  became  a  fact,  the  process  began  to  form  what  we  know 
today  as  the  Department  of  Environment  and  Natural  Resources. 

By  1850,  the  state  had  embarked  on  an  ambitious  earth  sciences  program  to 
include  not  only  physical  sciences  but  also  agricultural  and  forestry  functions.  In 
1823,  the  North  Carolina  Geological  Survey  was  formed,  later  expanded,  and  in 
1905  renamed  the  N.C.  Geological  and  Economic  Survey  —  the  forerunner 
organization  to  the  Department  of  Environment  and  Natural  Resources. 

State  direction  on  environmental  matters  picked  up  speed  as  the  20th  Century 
dawned.  As  early  as  1899,  the  State  Board  of  Health  was  given  some  statutory 
powers  over  water  pollution  affecting  sources  of  domestic  water  supply  The  state's 
power  to  control  the  pollution  of  North  Carolina's  water  resources  has  remained 
constant  since. 

The  state  employed  its  first  graduate  forester  in  June  of  1909,  leading  to  the 
creation  of  the  North  CaroUna  Forest  Service  (knovm  today  as  the  Division  of  Forest 
Resources)  in  1915.  When  it  was  established,  the  service's  only  task  was  to  prevent 
and  control  wildfires. 

Also  in  1915,  the  state  parks  system  was  born  when  Governor  Locke  Craig 
moved  the  General  Assembly  to  save  Mount  Mitchell  before  loggers  could  ruin  it. 
Legislators  created  Mount  Mitchell  State  Park  in  response  to  the  governor's  request. 
That  same  year  federal  and  state  laws  were  passed  to  protect  watersheds  and  streams. 
The  assembly  established  the  North  Carolina  Fisheries  Commission  Board,  charging 
It  with  the  stewardship  and  management  of  the  state's  hshery  resources.  The  board 
has  the  administrative  power  to  regulate  fisheries,  enforce  fishery  laws  and 
regulations,  operate  hatcheries  and  carry  out  shellfish  rehabilitation  activities. 

By  1925,  the  North  Carolina  Geological  and  Economic  Survey  took  another 
step  in  its  evolution,  becoming  the  Department  of  Conservation  and  Development. 
The  new  department  consolidated  many  natural  resource  functions.  Its  original 
focus  was  on  geology,  but  its  involvement  in  managing  many  other  associated  natural 
resources  also  grew.  Although  the  Depression  slowed  business  at  all  levels,  public 
programs  such  as  the  Civilian  Conservation  Corps  (CCC)  were  a  boon  to  North 
Carolina's  natural  resource  programs.  More  than  76,000  CCC  workers  fanned  out 
across  the  state,  constructing  fire  towers,  bridges,  erosion  control  dams  and 
buildings,  planting  trees  and  fighting  forest  fires.  Many  of  the  facilities  in  our  state 
parks  built  by  the  CCC  are  still  in  use  today. 

The  Division  of  Forest  Resources  estabUshed  its  nursery  seedling  program  in 
1924,  adding  a  management  branch  in  1937  and  creating  a  State  Parks  Program  as 
a  branch  operation  in  1935.  A  full-time  Superintendent  of  State  Parks  was  hired 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  the  stage  was  set  for  parks  management  to  develop  into  division  status  by 
1948. 

By  the  late  1930s,  interest  had  dechned  m  managing  the  states  geological  and 
mineral  resources,  the  function  that  has  sparked  the  organizational  push  for  natural 
resource  management  m  the  hrst  place.  Geological  and  mineralogical  investigations 
at  both  federal  and  state  levels  were  poorly  supported  hnancially.  From  1926-1940, 
the  Division  of  Mineral  Resources  was  literally  a  one-man  show,  operated  by  the 
State  Geologist. 

The  war  years  (1938-1945)  provided  new  impetus  for  state  involvement  m 
managing  North  Carolmas  geological  and  mineral  resources  thanks  to  the  need  for 
minerals  to  meet  wartime  shortages. 

The  state  and  the  U.S.  Geological  Sun'ey  undertook  an  ambitious  cooperative 
effort  in  1941,  beginning  with  a  ground  water  resources  study  That  effort  continued 
through  1959,  when  the  Department  of  Water  Resources  was  formed.  Also  m  1941, 
North  Carolina  conducted  a  far-ranging  study  of  geology  and  mineral  resources  m 
the  western  regions  of  North  Carolina  in  cooperation  with  the  Tennessee  Valley 
Authority. 

A  long  legislative  struggle  that  lasted  three  full  sessions  of  the  General  Assembly 
brought  the  states  lirst  comprehensive,  modern  water  pollution  control  law  m  1951. 
The  cornerstone  of  North  Carolina s  early  19th  Century  effort  to  affect  our 
environmental  lifestyle  -  water  and  geology  -  was  finally  being  forged  into  law. 

The  N.C.  1951  State  Stream  Sanitation  Act  (renamed  m  1967  as  the  Water  and 
Air  Resources  Act)  became  the  bedrock  for  todays  complex  and  inclusive  efforts  to 
protect  the  states  water  resources.  The  act  also  provided  an  important  part  of  the 
legal  basis  for  todays  water  pollution  control  program.  It  established  a  pollution 
abatement  and  control  program  based  on  classihcations  and  water  qualitx'  standards 
applied  to  the  surface  waters  of  North  Carolina. 

By  1959,  the  General  Assembly  had  created  the  Department  and  Board  of  Water 
Resources,  mo\ang  the  State  Stream  Sanitation  Committee  and  its  programs  into 
the  new  department.  In  1967,  the  agency  was  renamed  the  Department  of  Water 
and  Air  Resources.  The  department  remained  active  m  water  pollution  control  and 
continued  to  develop  a  new  air  pollution  control  program. 

The  Division  ot  Forest  Resources  expanded  its  comprehensive  sendees  during 
the  1950-1970s,  as  did  many  of  the  state  agencies  concerned  with  the  growing 
complexity  of  environmental  issues.  The  nations  hrst  Forest  Insect  and  Disease 
Control  Program  was  set  up  within  the  division  in  1950.  The  Tree  Improvement 
Program  began  m  1963.  The  Forestation  Program  was  added  in  1969  and  the  hrst 
Educational  State  Forest  became  operational  in  1976. 

For  the  first  half  of  this  century.  North  Carolina's  state  parks  grew  simply  through 
the  generosity  of  public-spirited  citizens.  Appropriations  tor  operations  were  minimal 

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until  the  State  Parks  Program  was  established  within  the  N.C.  Forest  Service  in 
1935.  The  parks  were  busy  sites  for  miUtary  camps  m  the  1940s,  but  isolated 
leisure  spots  for  most  of  the  years  before  and  after  World  War  U. 

Steady  growth  m  park  attendance,  and  a  corresponding  need  for  more 
appropriations  to  ser\'e  that  growth,  surfaced  m  the  early  1960s  and  continues 
today  The  1963  State  Natural  Areas  Act  guaranteed  that  future  generations  will  have 
pockets  of  unspoiled  nature  to  enjoy.  The  1965  Federal  Land  and  Water 
Conservation  Fund  required  the  state  to  have  a  viable  plan  for  park  growth. 

The  General  Assembly  pumped  new  financial  life  into  the  state  park  system 
with  major  appropriations  in  the  1970s  for  parkland  acquisition  and  operations. 
By  the  mid-1980s,  visitation  at  state  parks  had  risen  to  six  million  \isitors  per  year. 
Facilities  were  taxed  to  the  limit  and  a  new  era  of  parks  expansion  and  improvements 
was  beginning. 

In  the  1960s,  the  need  to  protect  fragile  natural  resources  was  evident  on  several 
fronts.  The  Division  of  Geodetic  Survey  began  in  1959;  the  Dam  Safety  Act  was 
passed  by  the  General  Assembly  in  1967;  and  North  Carolina  became  the  first  state 
to  gam  federal  approval  of  its  Coastal  Management  Program  with  the  1974  passing 
of  the  Coastal  Area  Management  Act.  By  the  early  1970s,  the  state's  involvement  m 
natural  resource  and  community  Ufestyle  protection  bore  little  resemblance  to  the 
limited  structure  of  state  organizations  of  the  late  1800s. 

The  Executive  Organization  Act  of  1971  placed  most  of  the  environmental 
functions  under  the  Department  of  Natural  and  Economic  Resources.  The  act 
transferred  18  different  agencies,  boards  and  commissions  to  the  department, 
including  the  functions  of  the  old  Department  of  Conservation  and  Development. 
As  some  of  the  titles  changed  and  some  of  the  duties  of  the  earlier  agencies  were 
combined  or  shifted,  the  stage  was  set  for  the  1977  Executive  Order  which  created 
the  Department  of  Natural  Resources  and  Community  Development.  That  brought 
together  not  only  the  growing  community  development  programs,  but  pulled  the 
always  popular  North  Carolina  Zoological  Park  (created  in  1969  and  expanded 
continuously  since)  and  the  Wildlife  Resources  Commission  under  the  Natural 
Resources  and  Community  Development  umbrella. 

During  the  mid-1980s,  however,  a  growing  need  developed  to  combine  the 
states  interrelated  natural  resources,  environmental  and  public  health  regulatory 
agencies  into  a  single  department.  With  the  support  of  the  administration,  the  General 
Assembly  passed  legislation  in  1989  to  combine  elements  of  the  Department  of 
Human  Resources  and  the  Department  of  Natural  Resources  and  Community 
Development  (NRCD)  into  a  single  Department  of  Environment,  Health,  and  Natural 
Resources. 

Three  of  the  old  NRCD  divisions  (Community  Assistance,  Economic 
Opportunity,  and  Employment  and  Training)  were  transferred  to  other  departments. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  remaining  divisions  were  combined  with  the  Health  Services  Division  h'om 
the  N.C.  Department  oi  Human  Resources  to  lorm  the  new  agency.  The  creation  of 
the  Department  of  Environment,  Health  and  Natural  Resources  (DEHNR)  ushered 
m  a  new  relationship  between  the  environment  and  the  health  of  the  states 
communities  and  citizens. 

From  1989  to  1997,  new  DEHNR  divisions  were  formed,  others  split  and  still 
others  expanded  in  both  manpower  and  regulatory  authority.  The  increases  and 
changes  were  in  response  to  a  new  awareness  by  the  public  and  businesses  that 
North  Carolmas  growing  industrial,  commercial  and  population  expansion  was 
exacting  a  high  price  on  natural  resources. 

The  new  agencies  included  the  Office  of  Minoritv  Health  and  its  Mmoritv  Health 
Advisory  Committee,  legislatively  created  in  1992.  The  Governor's  Council  on 
Physical  Eitness  and  Health  and  Healthy  Carolinians  2000  folk"iwed.  The  states 
three  aquaiiums  merged  into  one  office  mside  DEHNR  m  1993  and  the  Museum  of 
Natural  Sciences  followed  suit  the  same  vear. 

The  Office  of  Environmental  Education  was  created  m  1993  to  educate  the  ^ 
public  —  and  North  Carolina  youth  m  particular  —  about  what  constitutes  the 
environment  that  supports  us.  Several  of  the  departments  health  agencies  were  altered 
to  meet  public  concerns  about  mlant  mortality,  AIDS,  septic  tank  systems  and  rabies. 

Those  and  other  administrative  changes  between  1990  and  1996  resulted  in  an 
increase  in  Department  manpower.  Stathng  reached  4,650  by  1997.  The  growing 
response  to  environmental  problems  brought  an  intusion  of  money  lor  inspectors, 
new  regulatory  powers  and  a  speed-up  ot  the  permit  processes. 

North  Carolina's  state  parks  system  received  major  attention  m  the  mid-1990s. 
Voters  approved  a  $35  million  bond  package  m  1993  for  capital  improvements  to 
a  deteriorating  park  system  and  land  purchases  to  expand  some  parks.  Two  years 
later,  the  General  Assembly  for  the  hrst  time  gave  the  troubled  parks  system  a 
guaranteed  future  source  of  funding —  75  percent  of  what  the  state  had  been  taking 
from  the  excise  tax  on  real  estate  tax  transfers  will  now  go  to  support  our  parks. 

As  the  decade  o{  the  1990s  dawned,  legislators  allocated  substantial  sums  of 
money  lor  programs  to  clean  up  the  most  dangerous  of  10,000  underground 
gasoline  storage  tanks  thought  tn  be  leaking  at  any  given  time  in  the  state.  Some  of 
the  states  gasoline  tax  revenues  have  been  earmarked  to  help  owners  clean  up  tank 
spills. 

By  the  mid-1990s,  the  fund  was  lacing  a  delicit  because  of  the  overwhelming 
costs  involved  and  the  large  numbers  of  underground  tanks  potentially  leaking 
beneath  North  Carolina s  soil.  The  department  also  began  to  respond  to  new  concerns  | 
about  hsh  kills,  polluted  streams  and  run-off  of  nitrogen  and  other  substances  into 
rivers  and  creeks.  In  1995  and  1996,  animal  waste  spills  into  rivers  in  eastern  , 
North  Carolina  led  to  a  stiffening  of  waste  management  requirements;  the  addition  i 

i 

312  i 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

of  inspectors  to  its  water  quality  and  its  soil  and  water  conser\'ation  divisions;  and 
training  requirements  for  farm  operators. 

With  the  health  functions  of  DEHNR  growing  at  a  rate  matching  the  growth  of 
environmental  pressures,  the  1996  General  Assembly  divided  the  department  once 
again.  On  June  1,  1997,  health  functions  were  transferred  to  the  Department  of 
Human  Resources  —  which  changed  its  name,  as  well. 

The  Department  of  Emdronment  and  Natural  Resources  was  bom.  Before  the 
new  department  was  even  a  year  old,  water  pollution  was  rising  to  the  top  of  the 
states  list  of  environmental  concerns. 

Chemists  and  scientists  waged  battle  daily  with  "headline"  problems  —  pfiesteria 
and  hog  waste  spills.  Pfiesteria  was  isolated  as  a  dangerous  fish-related  organism 
suspected  to  have  caused  massive  hsh  kills  m  the  summers  of  1995,  1996  and 
1997.  The  slippery  problem  of  identifying  and  controlling  non-point  sources  of 
pollution  placed  more  departmental  emphasis  on  problems  of  stormwater  and 
sedimentation  run-off  and  nutrient  pollution. 

In  August,  1997,  Governor  Hunt  signed  into  law  the  most  comprehensive 
piece  of  en\4ronmental  legislation  m  the  states  history  It  mandated  a  moratorium 
on  hog  farms,  gave  county  government  new  power  to  control  the  swine  industry, 
and  tightened  limits  on  how  much  nitrogen  cities  and  industries  can  discharge  into 
nutrient-sensitive  waters.  Later  that  year,  the  state's  Environmental  Management 
Commission  approved  a  plan  to  reduce  nitrogen  in  the  Neuse  River  watershed  by 
30  percent. 

The  20th  Century  closed  with  an  increased  emphasis  on  preserving  open  space 
and  tackling  air  pollution  m  North  Carolina.  The  state  passed  new  rules  requiring 
power  plants  and  other  industries  to  reduce  their  emissions  of  ozone-forming 
pollutants  by  more  than  two-thirds  between  2000  and  2006.  Lawmakers  also  passed 
legislation  that  expanded  and  enhanced  the  emissions  testing  program  for  motor 
vehicles.  The  new  testing  program  expanded  the  program  from  nine  counties  to 
48.  Motor  vehicles  account  for  about  half  of  the  states  nitrogen  oxide  (NOx) 
emissions,  the  main  cause  of  ozone.  A  lung  irritant,  ozone  threatens  health,  especially 
among  children,  senior  citizens  and  people  with  respiratory  problems.  It  also 
damages  crops  and  forests  and  threatens  continued  economic  growth. 

North  Carolina  Governor  Mike  Easley  later  joined  the  govenors  of  Tennessee, 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia  in  signing  a  set  of  regional  air  principles  focusing  on 
the  cooperative  effort  needed  to  address  air  pollution  across  the  Southeast. 

To  support  land  preservation  in  a  time  of  rapid  growth,  former  Governor  Jim 
Hunt  called  for  the  conservation  and  preservation  of  an  additional  one  million 
acres  in  North  Carolina  for  open  space,  gamelands  and  recreation  by  2010.  The 
General  Assembly  later  enacted  legislation  putting  the  milUon-acre  goal  into  state 
law.  The  initiative  encourages  the  creation  of  public-private  partnerships  to  preserve 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

an  additional  one  million  acres  of  farmland,  lorests,  gamelands,  wetlands  and  other 
undex'cloped  land  m  North  Carolina  over  the  next  ten  years.  In  2002,  DENR  created 
the  Ofhce  of  Consen-ation  and  Community  Affairs  to  lead  open-space  presentation 
efforts  by  focusing  on  three  key  areas:  protecting  and  restoring  natural  areas, 
adx'ancing  stewardship  on  private  and  vv'orking  lands  and  protecting  and  restoring 
sounds  and  ocean  habitats. 

Perhaps  no  other  state  agency  ecjuals  the  complexity  of  responsibilities  nor 
deals  more  directly  with  the  public  than  does  the  Department  of  Einvironment  and 
Natural  Resources.  Its  day-to-day  operations  touch  the  lives  of  North  Carolinians 
constantly,  from  the  quality  of  water  coming  out  of  the  faucets  m  their  homes  to 
how  many  campsites  are  available  for  their  use  at  a  state  park. 

The  departments  work  is  carried  out  by  nearly  3,700  employees.  Most  of  these 
personnel  are  located  in  Raleigh,  but  a  significant  number  must  be  stationed  at 
specitic  sites  throughout  North  Carolina  to  serve  the  public  and  protect  the  states 
natural  resources. 

Office  of  the  Secietary 

Policy  and  administrative  responsibility  for  the  far-flung  operations  of  the 
department  rests  with  a  secretary  appointed  by  the  governor.  Working  with  the 
secretary  to  manage  the  departments  divisions  and  otfices  are  a  chiet  deputy  secretary 
and  two  assistant  secretaries.  Functions  v^athin  the  Office  ot  the  Secretaiy  include: 

Ojjxct  oj  Conservation  and  Community  Affairs:  This  ofhce  oversees  department- 
wide  initiatR'es  in  land  and  water  conseiTation.  It  also  leads  the  dex'clopment  and 
implementation  of  a  comprehensive  statewide  conservation  plan  Involving 
government  agencies,  private  organizations,  landowners  and  the  public. 

Office  of  the  General  Counsel:  The  Oflice  oi  the  General  Counsel  provides  legal 
opinions  and  advice  to  divisions  m  the  department;  negotiates  settlement  agreements; 
reviews  and  evaluates  the  legal  aspects  ot  department  activities  and  programs; 
conducts  all  personnel  case  appeals;  and  administers  enforcement  actions  taken  by 
the  department. 

Office  of  Legislative  and  Inter-Governmental  Affairs:  This  office  is  the 
departments  liaison  with  the  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  and  local 
governments.  Part  of  its  role  is  to  monitor  proposed  legislation  and  the  work  ot 
legislati\'e  study  commissions  and  research  committees.  It  also  directs  the  work  of 
the  departments  field  representatives.  The  office  works  closely  with  each  di\'ision 
to  ensure  adec[uate  representation  ot  the  departments  interest. 

Office  of  Public  Affairs:  PuItIic  Affairs  provides  graphic  art,  publication, 
photographic  and  writing/editing  seiwices  lor  the  department  and  its  divisions.  The 
ofhce  also  informs  the  public  and  media  about  the  departments  programs  and 
available  services. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Regional  Offices:  Seven  strategically  located  regional  offices  serve  as  home  base 
for  staff  members  from  several  divisions  of  the  department,  particularly  those  with 
regulatory  authority  The  regional  ofhces  allow  the  department  to  deliver  its  program 
services  to  citizens  at  the  community  level.  Regional  offices  are  in  AsheviUe, 
Fayetteville,  Mooresville,  Raleigh,  Washington,  Wilmington  and  Winston-Salem. 

Environmental  Divisions 

Air  Quality  Division:  Air  Quality  regulates  the  quality  of  the  air  in  North  Carolina 
through  technical  assistance  to  industries  and  enforcement  of  state  and  federal  air 
pollution  standards.  The  division  issues  permits,  establishes  ambient  air  quality 
standards,  monitors  air  quality  and  operates  a  vehicle  inspection/maintenance 
program. 

Coastal  Management  Division:  Coastal  Management  is  responsible  for  carrying 
out  the  provisions  of  the  N.C.  Coastal  Area  Management  Act.  It  processes  major 
development  permits  in  coastal  areas,  reviews  all  dredge  and  fill  permit  applications 
and  administers  state  and  federal  grants  and  projects  that  are  part  of  the  N.C.  Coastal 
Management  Program. 

Environmental  Health.  Division:  Environmental  Health  is  responsible  lor  the 
protection  of  pubUc  health  through  the  control  of  en\4ronmental  hazards  that  cause 
human  illness.  Its  programs  include  the  protection  of  drinking  water,  wastewater 
management,  restaurant  sanitation  grading,  shellfish  sanitation,  pest  management, 
radiation  protection  and  lead  poisoning. 

Land  Resources  Division:  Land  Resources  is  responsible  for  protecting  and 
conserving  the  states  land,  mineral  and  related  resources.  Its  programs  include 
sedimentation  pollution  control,  mine  land  reclamation,  dam  safety,  geodetic  survey 
and  mineral  resources  conservation  and  development. 

Pollution  Prevention  and  Environmental  Assistance  Division:  This  division 
coordinates  the  states  solid  waste  reduction  efforts.  It  offers  technical  assistance 
and  policy  support  to  industries,  local  governments  and  state  agencies  in  reducing 
waste.  The  Pollution  Prevention  Program  and  the  hazardous  waste  minimization 
and  solid  waste  recycUng  programs  are  the  di\asions  core  elements. 

Waste  Management  Division:  Waste  Management  administers  programs  to 
regulate  and  manage  hazardous  and  solid  waste  disposal  to  protect  the  pubhc  health. 
Programs  include  Hazardous  Waste,  Solid  Waste,  Underground  Storage  Tanks  and 
the  Superfund. 

Water  Quality  Division:  Water  Quality  is  responsible  for  the  comprehensive 
planning  and  management  of  the  states  surface  water  and  groundwater  resources. 
This  division  issues  permits  to  control  sources  of  pollution;  monitors  permitted 
facility  compliance;  evaluates  water  quality;  and  pursues  enforcement  actions  for 
violations  of  state  water  resource  protection  regulations. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Water  Resources  Division:  Water  Resources  conducts  programs  for  river  basin 
management,  water  supply,  water  conservation,  navigation,  stream  clearance,  flood 
control,  beach  protection,  aquatic  weed  control,  hydroelectric  power  and  recreational 
uses  of  water. 

Natural  Resources  Divisions 

Forest  Resources  Division:  Forest  Resources  is  the  lead  agency  in  managing, 
protecting  and  developing  the  states  forest  resources.  This  division  carries  out  forest 
management,  assistance  to  private  landowners,  reforestation,  forest  fire  prevention 
and  suppression,  and  insect  and  disease  control  programs. 

Marine  Fisheries  Division:  Marine  Fisheries  establishes  and  enforces  rules 
governing  coastal  hsheries.  It  conducts  scientitic  research  as  a  basis  for  regulatory 
and  developmental  decisions  and  conducts  programs  to  improve  the  cultivation, 
han'estmg  and  marketing  of  shellfish  and  fish. 

N.C.  Aquariums:  The  N.C.  Aquariums  promote  public  appreciation  ot  North 
Carolinas  coastal  culture  and  natural  resources.  There  are  three  N.C.  Aquariums 
located  at  Pine  Knoll  Shores,  Fort  Fisher  and  Roanoke  Island. 

N.C.  Museum  of  Natural  Science:  The  museum  promotes  the  importance  of 
the  biodiversity  of  the  state  and  the  Southeastern  United  States  by  collecting, 
preserving  and  displaying  North  Carolinas  natural  resources.  It  offers  educational 
exhibits  and  programs  for  children,  teachers,  adults  and  lamilies  to  preser\'e  North 
Carolinas  natural  history 

Office  of  Environmental  Education:  Environmental  Education  serves  as  a 
clearinghouse  for  environmental  education  information  at  the  state  level.  The  office 
coordinates  department  environmental  education  programs  and  activities  and  works 
with  public  schools  and  libraries  to  educate  the  public  about  environmental  issues. 

Parks  and  Recreation  Division:  Parks  and  Recreation  administers  a  statewide 
system  of  park  and  recreation  resources.  It  manages  state  parks,  state  natural  areas, 
state  recreation  areas,  state  trails,  state  lakes  and  natural  and  scenic  rivers. 

Soil  and  Water  Conservation:  Soil  and  Water  Conser\ation  administers  a 
statewide  program  for  the  conservation  of  North  Carolina's  soil  and  water  resources. 
It  serves  as  staff  for  the  states  Soil  and  Water  Conservation  Commission  and  assists 
the  94  local  soil  and  water  conser\'ation  districts  and  their  state  association. 

Zoological  Park:  The  North  Carolina  Zoo  displays  representative  species  of 
animal  and  plant  life  from  the  worlds  land  and  sea  masses.  It  also  provides 
educational  and  research  opportunities.  The  zoo  maintains  a  program  for  the 
conservation,  presen'ation  and  propagation  of  endangered  and  threatened  plant  and 
animal  species. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Wildlife  Resources  Commission 

The  commission  is  a  semi-autonomous  agency  that  manages  and  protects  wildlife 
in  the  state.  The  commission  conducts  restoration  programs  for  endangered  species 
of  wildlife  and  restocks  game  fish  m  state  waters.  It  is  responsible  for  boating  safety 
and  boat  registration,  construction  of  boat  access  areas  and  hunter  safety  programs. 
The  commission  conducts  an  extensive  environmental  education  program  for  the 
states  school-age  children.  A  force  of  wildlife  officers  patrols  the  states  waters  and 
the  commission  issues  permits  to  fish  in  the  states  water  and  to  hunt  on  land  areas. 

Environmental  and  Natural  Resource-Related  Committees  and  Boards 
Agriculture  Task  Force 

Air  Quality  Compliance  Advisory  Panel 

Atlantic  States  Marine  Fisheries  Commission 

Coastal  Resources  Advisory  Council 

Coastal  Resources  Commission 

Environmental  Management  Commission 

Forestry  Advisory  Council 

Inter-Agency  Committee  on  Hazardous  Waste 

Marine  Fisheries  Commission 

Mining  Commission 

Natural  Heritage  Advisory  Committee 

On-Site  Wastewater  Systems  Listitute  Board  of  Directors 

Parks  and  Recreation  Council 

Petroleum  Underground  Storage  Tank  Funds  Council 

Radiation  Prx)tection  Commission 

Recreation  and  Natural  Heritage  Trust  Fund  Board  ofTrustees 

State  Board  of  Sanitarian  Examiners 

Sedimentation  Control  Commission 

SoO  and  Water  Conservation  Commission 

Southeastern  Literstate  Forest  Fire  Protection  Compact  Advisory 
Committee 

North  Carolina  Trails  Committee 

Water  Pollution  Control  System  Operators  Certification  Commission 

Water  Treatment  Facility  Operators  Certification  Boai"d 

Zoological  Park  Council 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  following  are  authorized  by  Secretary  of  Department  of  Environment  and  Natural 
Resources  CG.S.  113A-223) 

Aquatic  Weed  Council 

Geological  Advisory  Committee 

Neuse-White  Oak  Citizen  Advisory  Committee 

Scientific  Advisory  Boai'd  on  Toxic  Air  Pollutants,  Secretary's 

The  following  are  authorized  by  Executive  Order 
Geogiapliic  Lifonnation  Coordinating  Council 

Other  Boards  and  Commissions 

Mining  Commission  Education  Committee 

Parent  Advisoiy  Council 

N.C.  Zoological  Society 

N.C.  Aquaiium  Society 

Friends  of  the  Museum 

Eor  more  intormation  about  the  Department  oi  Environment  and  Natural 
Resources,  call  (919)  733-4984  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at 
www.enr.state.nc.us. 


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William  G.Ross, Jr. 

Secretary  of  Environment  and 
Natural  Resources 

Early  Years 

Bom  June  8,  1947,  m  Marion,  McDowell 
Count)s  to  William  G.  and  Mary  Ayer  Ross. 

EducatJonalBackground 

Broughton  High  School,  Raleigh,  1965;  B.A. 
in  History,  Davidson  College,  1969;  J.D., 
University  of  Virginia  Law  School,  1972. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney;  Partner,  Brooks,  Pierce,  McLandon, 
Mumphrey  &  Leonard. 

Political  Activities 

Secretary  of  Environment  and  Natural 
Resources,  2001-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or 
Community  Service  Organizations 

Piedmont  Land  Conservancy  1995-2000;  Board  of  Trustees,  N.C.  Environmental 
Defense,  1997-2000;  Board  of  Trustees,  Nature  Conservancy  1998-2000. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Guilford  County  Parks  &  Recreation  Committee,  1988-2000. 

Military  Service 

First  Lieutenant,  Infantry  U.S.  Army  1972-75.  Distinguished  Mihtary  Graduate, 
Infantry  Officer  Basic  Course,  Fort  Benning,  Georgia. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Susan  E.  Gravely;  Two  children.  Member,  Chapel  of  the  Cross  Episcopal, 
Chapel  Hill. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Secretaries  of  Environment  and  Natural  Resources' 


Name 

Residence 

Term 

Roy  G.  Sowers- 

Lee 

1971 

Charles  W.  Bradshaw,  Jr. ' 

Wake 

1971-1973 

James  E.  Harrington"* 

Avery 

1973-1976 

George  VV  Little' 

Wake 

1976-1977 

Howard  N.  Lee" 

Orange 

1977-1981 

Joseph  W.  Gnmsley' 

Wake 

1981-1983 

James  A.  Summer- 

Rowan 

1984-1985 

S.  Thomas  Rhodes" 

New  Hanover 

1985-1988 

William  W.  Cobey  Jr.'^^ 

Rowan 

1989-1993 

Jonathan  B.  Howes 

Orange 

1993-1997 

Wayne  McDevitt" 

Madison 

1997-1999 

Bill  Holman'^ 

Wake 

1999-2000 

William  G.  Ross,  Jr. 

Guilford 

2001 -Present 

The  Executive  Organization  Act,  passed  by  the  1971  General  Assembly  created 
the  Department  of  Natural  and  Economic  Resources  with  provisions  for  a  secretary^ 
appointed  by  the  governor.  The  1977  General  Assembly  took  further  steps  m 
government  reorganization,  renaming  the  agency  the  Department  ol  Natural 
Resources  and  Community  Development.  NRCD  was  reorganized  and  renamed 
by  legislative  action  m  the  1989  General  Assembly 

Sowers  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott  and  served  until  his  resignation  effective 
November  30,  1971. 

Bradshavv^  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott  and  seized  until  his  resignation  m 
1973. 

Harrington  was  appointed  on  January  5,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Bradshaw.  He  resigned  elfective  February  29,  1976. 

Little  was  appointed  on  March  1,  1976,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Harrington. 

Lee  was  appointed  on  January  10,  1977,  by  Governor  Hunt  to  replace  Little.  He 
resigned  effective  July  31,  1981. 

Grimsley  was  appointed  on  August  1,  1981,  to  replace  Lee.  He  resigned  eltective 
December  31,  1983. 

Summers  was  appointed  on  January  1,  1984,  by  Governor  Hunt.  He  resigned 
effective  Januaiy  5,  1985. 

Rhodes  was  appointed  January  7,  1985,  by  Gox'crnor  Martin  to  replace  Grimsley. 

Cobey  was  appointed  by  Governor  Martin  in  January  1989. 


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THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 

"  McDevitt  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  m  August,  1997. 
^^  Holman  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  m  September,  1999. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services 

The  N.C.  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services  (DHHS)  builds  a  stronger 
North  Carolina  by  enabling  individuals,  families  and  communities  to  be  healthy 
and  secure  and  to  achieve  social  and  economic  well-being.  The  department's 
programs  and  services  affect  the  lives  of  all  North  Carolinians. 

Office  of  the  Secretary 

The  Secretary  for  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services  is  the 
departments  chief  executive  ofhcer.  Appointed  by  the  governor,  the  secretary  holds 
statutory  authority  to  plan  and  direct  its  programs  and  ser\'ices.  The  secretary  is 
supported  by  a  deputy  secretary;  an  Assistant  Secretary  for  Agmg,  Long-Term  Care    ; 
and  Family  Ser\'ices  and  an  Assistant  Secretary  for  Health  \ 

The  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services'  divisions  include:  j 

I 

Division  of  Aging  j 

The  Division  of  Agmg  develops  and  manages  several  programs  that  enhance  j 
the  lives  of  North  Carolina's  older  population.  This  division  works  with  local  j 
agencies  across  the  state  to  promote  services  that  make  continued  independent  living  1 
a  reality  for  the  growing  older  adult  population. 

Through  this  division,  individuals  and  families  can  recei\'e  information  on  the    | 
availability  ot  home  health,  adult  day  care,  nutrition  programs,  legal  aid  and  other   | 
semces  m  their  own  communities.  Services  are  available  to  help  active  older  adults    j 
hnd  jobs  and  volunteer  programs  m  which  they  can  continue  to  contribute  to  their 
communities. 

This  division  also  provides  information  and  support  ser\'ices  for  family  caregivers 
and  acts  as  an  advocate  tor  North  Carolina's  older  adults  with  regard  to  the  federal, 
state  and  county  policies  that  affect  their  lives. 

The  Division  of  Aging's  central  olRce  staft  administers  its  programs  through  18  | 
area  agencies  on  agmg.  The  area  agencies  provide  grants  for  services  to  each  county. 

Division  of  Services  for  the  Blind 

This  division  provides  eye-related  medical  sen-ices,  independent  living  services 
and  employment  semces  for  North  Carolinians  who  are  blind  and  x'lsually-impaired. 
At  the  same  time,  it  promotes  the  prevention  of  blindness  through  educational 
programs  and  regular  vision  screenings  and  tests  for  conditions  such  as  glaucoma,   i 

The  division  provides  funds  for  eligible  individuals  who  cannot  afford  eye 
examinations,  glasses  or  other  treatment.  Blind  and  visually-impaired  individuals  | 
maintain  their  employment  or  hnd  new  job  opportunities  through  the  division's 
comprehensive  Vocational  Rehabilitation  Program.  The  program  provides 
counseling,  guidance,  work  evaluation  and  extensive  job  training  and  placement. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  division  also  offers  services  that  make  it  possible  for  blind  people  to  operate 
food  service,  vending  and  some  other  businesses. 

To  help  blind  people  achieve  self-sufficiency,  the  Division  of  Services  for  the 
Blind  offers  a  variety  of  specialized  services  that  include  instruction  in  Braille, 
computer  and  adaptive  technology  training,  life  skills,  orientation  and  mobility 
training  through  the  N.C.  Rehabilitation  Center  for  the  Blind. 

Division  of  Budget  and  Analysis 

This  division  addresses  the  departments  need  for  in-depth,  on-gomg  monitoring 
and  analysis  of  program  operations  and  budget  utilization.  The  division  manages 
the  development  and  operation  of  the  departments  budget. 

Division  of  Child  Development 

The  Division  of  Child  Development  works  to  ensure  safe  and  developmentally- 
appropriate  child  care  for  young  children  through  licensing,  monitoring, 
investigating  allegations  of  abuse  and  neglect,  and  regulating  child  care  services 
across  the  state. 

Also,  this  division  helps  low-mcome  and  other  eligible  parents  get  more 
affordable  child  care  through  blended  state  and  federal  subsidies.  Sufficient 
availability  of  quality  child  care  is  a  top  priority  in  a  state  where  over  200,000 
children  spend  part  or  all  of  their  day  in  regulated  child  care. 

This  division  is  responsible  for  coordinating  the  training  of  personnel  who 
work  m  early  childhood  programs  and  for  providing  information  about  early 
childhood  issues  to  parents  and  the  general  public.  The  division  works  hand-in- 
hand  with  communities  to  establish  resource  and  referral  agencies  that  help  families 
gam  access  to  the  child  care  services  they  need. 

The  division  develops  policy  and  manages  funds  for  a  variety  of  projects  which 
enable  local  and  regional  agencies  to  provide  training  opportunities  and  pubhc 
information.  Some  of  these  projects  include  child  care  resources  and  referral  services, 
consumer  education  and  scholarships  and  stipends  for  child  care  teachers. 

Division  of  Education  Services 

The  mission  of  DES  is  to  provide  state-level  leadership  and  policy  for  the 
Governor  Morehead  School  for  the  Blind,  Raleigh;  the  Eastern  School  for  the  Deaf, 
Wilson;  and  the  Western  School  for  the  Deaf,  Morganton. 

Division  of  Facility  Services 

This  division  inspects,  certifies,  registers  and  Ucenses  hospitals,  nursing  homes, 
mental  health  faciUties,  adult  care  homes  and  home  care  programs  and  other  health 
facilities  and  services  across  the  state.  It  also  develops  an  annual  state  medical  facilities 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

plan  and  adminisicrs  the  Cerlificate  of  Need  Program  to  allocate  facilities  and  ser\ices 
to  meet  the  needs  identilied  within  it. 

The  division  reviews  health  care  facility  designs  and  construction  for  safety  and 
other  concerns.  It  also  administers  the  Health  Care  Facilities  Finance  Act,  which 
authorizes  the  state  Medical  Care  Commission  to  issue  tax-exempt  revenue  bonds 
to  nonprolit  health  care  lacilities.  These  bonds  are  issued  primarily  for  hospitals  to 
build  or  expand  programs  and  services  m  their  communities. 

The  division  also  oversees  the  effectiveness  oi  the  states  emergency  medical 
services  (EMS)  system,  issues  permits  for  all  ambulances  m  North  Carolina,  licenses 
all  EMS  providers  m  the  state  and  certifies  all  local  EMS  personnel.  The  divisions 
other  responsibilities  include  inspection  and  compliance  enforcement,  as  well  as 
construction  approval,  lor  local  jails. 

Dhision  of  Human  Resources 

This  division  plans  and  administers  a  comprehensive  program  of  human  resource 
management  that  includes  position  classification,  compensation  and  salary 
administration,  policy  analysis,  employee  and  management  development,  human 
resource  mlormation  systems,  employee  relations  and  human  resource  business 
services. 

Dhision  of  Information  Resource  Management 

This  division  supports  DfiHSs  business  and  client  record-keeping  needs  using 
some  of  the  most  sophisticated  computer  systems  in  state  government.  This  division 
also  provides  technical  services  to  the  department  and  its  related  agencies.  The 
division  sen'es  the  department  with  policy  research  and  leadership  by  finding  efficient 
ways  to  meet  needs  for  automated  systems  as  they  are  coordinated  among  local, 
state  and  federal  agencies. 

Dixision  of  Medical  Assistance 

This  dix'ision  administers  the  States  Medicaid  program.  People  eligible  to  receive 
Medicaid  include  the  elderly,  blind  and  disabled,  as  well  as  children  and  caregivers. 
Pregnant  women  whose  income  and  assets  are  inadec[uate  to  meet  the  cost  ot  health 
care  are  also  eligible. 

Medicaid,  jointly  administered  and  financed  by  federal,  state  and  county 
governnrents,  pays  for  a  comprehensive  array  ol  seiTices  including  doctor  visits, 
hospital  stays,  prescription  drugs,  eye  care,  dental  care,  nursing  home  and  in-home 
services.  County  departments  oi  social  services  determine  eligibility  This  division 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

also  administers  N.C.  Health  Choice  for  Children,  a  low-costyno-cost  program  for 
children  in  lower  income  families  that  earn  too  much  to  qualify  for  Medicaid. 

Division  of  Mental  Health,  Developmental  Disabilities  and  Substance 
Abuse  Services 

North  Carolinians  affected  by  mental  illness,  drug  or  alcohol  addiction  or  a 
developmental  disability  can  receive  assistance  and  support  from  the  Division  of 
Mental  Health,  Developmental  DisabiUties  and  Substance  Abuse  Services. 

This  division  operates  regional  psychiatric  hospitals  for  those  who  need  in- 
patient psychiatric  services.  The  department  works  with  the  statewide  network  of 
mental  health  programs  in  communities  across  the  state. 

The  divisions  Special  Care  Center  provides  intermediate  and  skilled  nursing 
care  for  elderly  patients  who  are  affected  by  serious  medical  and  mental  problems 
and  who  have  been  referred  to  the  center  from  one  of  the  state  hospitals.  The  division 
also  responds  to  the  special  needs  of  children  with  serious  emotional  and  behavioral 
disorders  through  three  educational  institutions. 

This  division  plans  and  provides  residential  services  for  people  with  mental 
retardation  and  other  developmental  disabiUties.  Regional  mental  retardation  centers 
provide  a  wide  range  of  services  to  people  with  severe  and  profound  mental 
retardation  and  other  related  disabilities. 

For  individuals  challenged  by  the  physical  and  mental  effects  of  alcohol  and 
other  substances  the  division  provides  residential  and  outpatient  treatment  at  three 
alcohol  and  drug  abuse  treatment  centers. 

This  division  also  funds  and  regulates  a  variety  of  outpatient,  day  treatment, 
residential  and  educational  services  available  to  people  through  area  mental  health 
centers  in  the  states  100  counties.  These  community  care  programs  are  locally 
operated  by  area  authorities  managed  by  the  local  governments. 

Local  programs  help  people  in  the  communities  where  they  live,  instead  of 
depending  on  institutionalization.  Services  include  local  crisis  services,  partial 
hospitalization,  detoxification  services,  residential  treatment  group  homes,  halfway 
house,  vocational  workshops,  family  respite,  educational  programs  and  other  services 
needed  by  those  with  mental,  developmental  and  addictive  disabilities. 

Division  of  Public  Health 

The  Division  of  Public  Health  covers  a  wide  range  of  programs  and  services,  all 
aimed  toward  protecting  and  improving  the  health  of  people  who  live  and  work  in 
North  Carolina. 


325 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Epidemiology  Section  investigates  and  evaluates  potentially  hazardous 
environmental  situations.  It  enforces  control  measures  for  communicable  diseases 
and  certain  hazardous  substances  such  as  asbestos  and  lead. 

The  State  Center  lor  Health  Statistics  is  North  Carolina's  focal  point  for  developing 
and  maintaining  statewide  health  statistical  data  on  births,  deaths,  marriages,  divorces 
and  fetal  deaths.  The  center  is  also  responsible  for  collection,  analysis  and  distribution 
of  data  related  to  the  health  status  of  North  Carolina's  citizens.  It  does  this  through 
annual  publications,  special  research,  statistical  reports  and  electronic  media.  The 
center  houses  the  states  geographic  information  system  (CIS)  which  maintains  a 
database  ot  natural  and  health-related  mlormation. 

The  Otlice  of  Post-Mortem  Medicolegal  Examination  is  a  statewide  public  senice 
organization  that  provides  health  benehts  to  the  states  citizens.  Medical  examiners 
provide  forensic  expertise  m  deaths  caused  b\'  criminal  acts,  suicides  and  any  other 
suspicious,  unusual  or  unnatural  circumstances.  The  ofhce  also  investigates  the 
deaths  ot  inmates  m  state  penal  institutions  and  any  deaths  that  occur  without 
medical  attendance. 

The  State  Laboratoiy  of  Public  Health  provides  testing,  training  and  consulting 
services  for  local  health  departments,  as  well  as  providing  primar}'  laboraton'  support 
for  local  health  departments.  The  laboratory's  test  areas  include  cancer  cytology, 
newborn  screening,  environmental  sciences,  microbiology  and  virology/serology 

Dental  Health  Seiwices  provides  preventive  dental  and  educational  ser\ices  to 
the  citizens  oi  North  Carolina.  Its  seiTices  include  oral  health  screening  and  referral; 
fluoride  mouth  rmse,  commumt)-  water  fluoridation  support  and  dental  sealants. 
The  section  assists  local  communities  with  developing  local  clinical  programs  to 
improve  access  to  dental  care,  especially  for  children. 

The  Othce  of  Minority  Health  works  to  improve  the  health  status  of  racial  and 
ethnic  minorities  by  advocating  policies,  programs  and  ser\ices  that  increase  access 
to  public  health.  OMH  works  with  state  and  federal  health  agencies,  local  health 
departments,  community  organizations  and  other  public  and  private  organizations. 
The  ofhce  provides  partnership  development,  consultation,  technical  assistance, 
training  and  information  dissemination.  OMH  also  facilitates  access  to  health  care 
lor  migrant  farm  workers  and  refugee  populations. 

The  Local  Health  Improvement  Section  focuses  on  building  capacity  at  the  local 
level  to  identify  and  address  health-related  needs  and  assessing  and  documenting 
the  success  ol  local  efforts  to  improve  the  health  of  North  Carolina's  citizens.  The 
Olhce  of  Public  Health  Nursing  and  Professional  Development  is  part  of  the  Local 
Health  Improvement  Section.  This  oOice  acts  as  a  resource  for  policy-making  related 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

to  public  health  nursing  practice.  It  also  provides  technical  assistance  to  local  health 
departments  in  the  areas  of  nursing  practice,  fiscal  control/budgetary  matters  and 
organization  of  support  staff  and  records  management.  The  ofhce  facilitates  and 
provides  training  and  education  for  the  public  health  workforce. 

This  division  also  includes  the  Women's  Health,  Children  and  Youth, 
Immunization  and  Nutrition  Services  sections.  The  sections'  primary  mission  is  to 
assure,  promote  and  protect  the  health  of  women,  children,  adolescents  and  families 
in  North  Carolina. 

The  sections'  programs  include  primary  and  preventive  health  services  for  women 
of  child-bearing  age,  children  from  infancy  through  adolescence  and  children  with 
developmental  disabilities  and  other  special  needs.  The  sections  supports  services 
provided  by  local  health  departments,  physician  offices,  community  health  centers, 
schools,  day  care  centers  and  other  community  organizations. 

Division  of  Services  for  the  Deaf  and  the  Hard  of  Hearing 

This  division  is  responsible  for  the  operation  of  regional  resource  centers  for 
the  deaf  and  hard  of  hearing  strategically  located  throughout  the  state. 

The  regional  resource  centers  provide  individual  and  group  counseling,  contact 
services,  information  and  referral  services,  technical  assistance  to  other  agencies 
and  organizations,  orientation  to  deafness  training,  advocacy  for  persons  who  are 
deaf  or  hard  of  hearing  and  for  those  who  are  deaf  with  one  or  more  other  handicaps 
and  interpreter  services.  In  addition  to  making  resources  and  training  opportunities 
available  to  persons  who  are  deaf  or  hard  of  hearing,  the  centers  also  promote 
pubUc  awareness  of  their  needs. 

This  division  is  responsible  for  the  management  of  the  Telecommunications 
Devices  for  the  Deaf  (TDD)  special  equipment  distribution  program  to  eligible 
hearing  and  speech-impaired  persons  ages  7  and  older.  Equipment  includes  TTY 
communication  units  that  allow  deaf  and  speech-disabled  persons  to  communicate 
over  the  telephone  with  others  who  have  similar  units,  telephone  ring  signal  units 
and  special  telephone  amplifiers  for  hard  of  hearing  persons. 

The  division  conducts  a  community  and  educational  interpreter  assessment 
and  certification  program  to  evaluate  the  competencies  of  interpreters  so  they  may 
assist  persons  who  are  deaf  and  hard  of  hearing  in  a  wide  range  of  situations. 

The  Division  of  Services  for  the  Deaf  and  the  Hard  of  Hearing  provides  staff  and 
administrative  support  to  the  N.C.  Council  for  the  Deaf  and  Hard  of  Hearing.  This 
council  is  responsible  for  reviewing  existing  state  and  local  programs  for  persons 
who  are  deaf  or  hard  of  hearing  and  for  making  recommendations  to  the  Department 


327 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

of  Health  and  Human  Sen-ices  and  the  dmsion  for  improvements  of  such  programs 
and  the  need  tor  new  programs  or  senices. 

Division  of  Social  Services 

This  division  assists  individuals  and  families  with  immediate  economic  and 
social  support.  Its  principal  mission  is  to  strengthen  families,  protect  the  welfare  of 
children  and  the  elderly  and  help  indi\'iduals  in  need  move  tov^'ard  self-sufficiency. 

This  division  administers  the  Temporary  Assistance  for  Needy  Families  (TANF) 
program.  TANF  includes  the  Work  First  Family  Assistance,  Work  First  Diversion 
Assistance,  Emergency  Assistance  and  Work  First  Services  programs.  Other  programs 
administered  by  the  division  include  food  stamps,  low-income  energy  assistance, 
crisis  mteiTention  and  state-county  special  assistance. 

This  division  offers  child  support  enforcement  that  ensures  children  receive 
financial  support  Irom  absent  parents.  It  also  provides  foster  care  services  that  place 
children  m  private  homes,  group  homes  and  other  designated  living  arrangements, 
as  well  as  adoption  semces  that  place  children  with  permanent  caring  families.  The 
Division  ol  Social  Ser\ices  provides  protective  senices  that  identify  youngsters  who 
are  at  risk  of  abuse  or  neglect  and  provides  help  to  assure  them  safety 

Di\isioti  of  Vocational  Rehabilitation  Setiices 

This  division  provides  the  states  citizens  with  a  wide  range  of  services  that 
include  evaluations  and  retraining  for  suitable  job  placement.  Vocational  rehabilitation 
counselors  work  with  business  and  community  agencies  to  help  them  prepare  then- 
work  sites  to  accommodate  employees  with  disabilities. 

Division  counselors  also  work  extensively  with  clients  to  identify  skills  and 
abilities  m  order  to  determine  how  they  can  be  translated  into  satisfactory  and 
rewarding  work.  Counselors  design  packages  of  rehabilitation  services  that  may 
include  clinical  treatment,  personal  counseling  and  educational  preparation  and 
restoration  senices  to  help  cUents  become  competitive  m  the  ]ob  market.  The  dixision 
also  provides  senices  that  encourage  and  reinforce  independent  and  communit)' 
living  for  the  disabled. 

The  Division  of  Vocational  Rehabilitation  Services  manages  the  Disability 
Determination  Section  (DDS)  for  the  state.  The  DDS  rules  on  disabUity  claims  filed 
under  the  Social  Security  Disability  Insurance  (SSDI),  the  Supplemental  Security 
Income  (SSI)  and  other  programs. 

Council  on  Developmental  Disabilities 

The  council  is  a  planning  body  working  to  ensure  that  the  state  of  North  Carolina 
responds  to  the  needs  of  individuals  with  developmental  disabihties  —  severe, 
chronic  mental  or  physical  impairments  which  begin  at  an  early  age  and  substantially  j 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

limit  major  life  activities.  The  council  promotes  the  prevention  of  developmental 
disabilities;  identifies  the  special  needs  of  people  with  developmental  disabilities; 
and  helps  meet  those  needs  through  interagency  coordination,  legislative  action, 
public  awareness  and  advocacy. 

Office  of  Citizen  Services 

This  ofhce  guides  citizens  through  the  human  service  delivery  system.  The 
office  pro\'ides  one-stop  shopping  in  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services 
by  answering  questions,  cutting  through  red  tape  and  ser\'ing  as  a  clearinghouse 
for  information  on  human  services  available  to  North  Carolina  citizens. 

The  Office  of  Citizen  Services  pro\ides  citizens  with  information  and  referral  to 
the  proper  department  or  non-profit  agency  and  provides  problem  resolution  of 
concerns  and  complaints  regarding  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services. 
The  office  operates  the  Ombudsman  Program  and  Information  and  Referral  Service/ 
CARELINE. 

The  ombudsman  is  the  liaison  between  citizens  and  the  department  and  handles 
problems,  complaints  and  inquiries  related  to  the  services  provided  through  DHHS. 

CARELINE,  an  information  and  referral  service,  provides  callers  with  information 
on  and  referrals  to  human  service  agencies  within  government,  as  well  as  non- 
profit agencies  and  support  groups. 

Office  of  Public  Affairs 

This  office  advises  the  secretary,  management  team  and  division  directors  on 
communications  and  public  relations  issues.  The  ofhce  participates  at  the  policy- 
making level,  bringing  a  global,  public  perspective  to  policy  issues  and  discussions. 

This  office  serves  as  the  departments  liaison  with  the  news  media.  It  produces 
and  disseminates  public  information  through  news  releases  and  pubhc  service 
announcements.  It  also  provides  assistance  in  planning,  editing  and  producing 
both  external  and  internal  communications  such  as  newsletters,  brochures,  logos 
and  special  documents. 

Office  of  Controller 

This  office  manages  all  accounting  and  financial  reporting  functions,  including 
payroll,  cash  receipts,  cash  disbursements,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable, 
fixed  asset  accounting,  cost  allocation  and  reimbursement,  cash  management, 
accounting  systems  development,  internal  accounting  controls  and  resolution  of 
financial  audits. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Office  of  Goveniment  Relations 

This  office  handles  Haison  functions  for  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human 
Services  witii  the  North  Carohna  General  Assembly,  U.S.  Congress  arid  federal 
agencies  as  well  as  the  North  Carolina  Association  of  County  Commissioners  and 
other  local  goxernmental  bodies.  The  oHice  assists  the  secretary  in  developing  and 
implementing  key  legislative  and  policy  initiatives. 

Office  of  General  Counsel 

This  ofhce  pro\'ides  legal  advice  to  the  secretary  and  senses  as  the  liaison  between 
the  secretary  and  the  Attorney  Generals  Ottice.  It  monitors  the  detense  ot  all  lawsuits 
hied  against  the  department,  the  secretary,  and  department  employees  acting  m  their 
official  capacity 

The  ofhce  is  also  responsible  for  review  of  Administrative  Procedures  Act  riiles 
and  monitoring  their  implementation.  It  participates  in  policy-making  decisions  as 
well  as  m  the  drafting  and  review  of  proposed  legislation. 

Office  of  Research,  Demonstration  and  Rural  Health  Development 

The  principal  mission  of  the  Ofhce  of  Research,  Demonstration  and  Rural  Health 
Development  is  to  strengthen  and  reinforce  health  services  m  rural  areas  by  recruiting 
physicians  and  other  health  professionals  to  work  in  medically-underserved 
communities.  The  ofhce  helps  communities  attract  and  recruit  health  care  providers 
through  the  National  Health  Services  Corps. 

The  Ofhce  of  Research,  Demonstration  and  Rural  Health  Development  also 
supports  rural  hospitals  with  technical  assistance  and  consultative  ser\aces.  Since 
Its  founding  m  1973,  this  ofhce  has  helped  organize  60  community-based  rural 
health  centers  and  has  recruited  more  than  1,200  doctors  and  other  health  care 
providers. 

North  Carolina  was  the  hrst  state  m  the  nation  to  recognize  the  importance  of 
sending  isolated,  rural  communities  by  setting  up  an  ofhce  to  meet  the  needs  ol 
those  areas. 

Boards  and  Commissions 

Caiicer  Coordinating  and  Conti^ol  Advisory  Committee 

Child  Day  Care  Commission 

Commission  on  Anatomy 

Commission  for  the  Blind 

Commission  on  Children  with  Special  Health  Care  Needs 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Commission  for  Mental  Health,  Developmental  Disabilities  and 
Substance  Abuse  Services 

Community  ofButner  Planning  Commission 

Consumer  and  Advocacy  Advisory  Committee  for  the  Blind 

Council  on  Sickle  Cell  Syndrome 

Developmental  Disabilities  Council 

DrugUse  Review  Board 

Eimergency  Medical  Services  Advisory  Council 

Home  and  Community  Care  Advisory  Committee 

Independent  Living  Rehabilitation  Advisory  Committee 

Literagency  Coordinating  Council  for  the  Handicapped 

Interagency  Coordinating  Council  for  the  Homeless 

Medical  Care  Advisory  Committee 

Medical  Care  Commission 

Mental  Health  Planning  Council 

N.C.  Commission  for  Health  Services 

N.C.  Council  for  the  Deaf  and  Hard  of  Hearing 

N.C.  Minority  Health  Advisory  Council 

Social  Services  Commission 

State  Health  Coordinating  Council 

Vocational  Rehabilitation  Council 

For  more  information  about  the  N.C.  Department  of  Health  and  Human  Services, 
call  (919)  733-4534  or  visit  the  department's  Web  site  at  www.dhhs.state.nc.us. 
For  information  on  referrals,  call  CARELINE  at  (800)  662-7030. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Carmen  Hooker  Odom 

Secretary  of  Health  and  Human 
Services 

Early  Years 

Born  in  New  Brunswick  County  to  Joseph  and 
Carmen  Ingersoll  DeFrates. 

EdncationalBackgrxnmd 

Lower  Merion  High  School,  Ardmore,  Pa.,  1962; 

O  ^  til 

Bachelors  m  Sociology  and  Political  Science, 
Springtield  College,  1966;  Masters  m  Regional 
Planning,  University  of  Massachusetts  at  Amherst, 
1984. 

PtX)fessionalBackgrx)und 

Secretary,  N.C.  Department  of  Health  and  Human 
Services,  2001 -Present 

Political  Activities 

Member,  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives,  1984-95. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  of  Directors,  Millbank  Memorial  Fund;  North  Carolina  Institute  of  Medicine; 
Board,  Roanoke  Island  Historical  Association. 

Per^sonal  Information 

Married,  Fountain  Odom.  Six  children.  Eight  grandchildren.  Protestant. 


Seaetaries  of  Health  and  Human  Services' 

Name  Residence 

Lenox  D.  Baker-  Durham 

David  T.  Flaherty^  Wake 

Philhp  J.  Kirk,  Jr.^  Rowan 

Sarah  T.  Morrow'  Guilford 

Lucy  H.  Bode'^  Wake 

Phillip  J.  Kirk,  Ir."  Rowan 


Term 

1972-1973 

1973-1976 

1976-1977 

1977-1985 

1985 

1985-1987 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Paul  Kay>'e^  Wake  1987 

David  T.  Flaherty^  Wake  1987-1993 

C.  Robm  Bntt,  Sr.  Guilford  1993-1997 

H.  David  Bruton  Moore  1997-2000 

Carmen  Hooker  Odom  Wake  2001 -Present 

^  The  Executive  Organization  Act,  passed  by  the  1971  General  Assembly,  created 
the  Department  of  Human  Resources  with  provisions  for  a  secretary  appointed 
by  the  governor. 

^    Baker  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott. 

^  Flaherty  was  appointed  on  Jan.  5,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Lenox  Baker.  Flaherty  resigned  in  April,  1976. 

■^  Kirk  was  appointed  on  April  6,  1976,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace  David 
Flaherty. 

^    Morrow  was  appointed  on  Jan.  10,  1977,  to  replace  Phillip  Kirk. 

^  Bode  was  appointed  effective  Jan.  1,  985,  and  served  until  Phillip  Kirk  was 
appointed. 

^  Kirk  was  appointed  on  Jan.  7,  1985,  by  Governor  Martin.  He  resigned  effective 
March  2,  1987,  to  serve  as  Governor  Martins  chief  of  staff. 

^    Kay)'e  ser\'ed  as  interim  secretary  between  March  2  and  April  8,  1987. 

^    Flaherty  was  appointed  on  April  8,  1987,  to  replace  Phillip  Kirk. 


333 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Department  of  Revenue 

The  North  Carolina  Departmcnl  o'i  Revenue  administers  the  state  tax  laws  and 
collects  taxes  due  the  state  in  an  impartial,  unilorm  and  efficient  manner.  The 
department  also  accounts  for  the  states  tax  funds;  ensures  uniformity  of  the 
administration  ot  the  revenue  laws  and  regulations;  conducts  research  on  revenue 
matters;  and  exercises  general  and  specific  supenision  over  the  valuation  and  taxation 
ol  property  throughout  the  state. 

The  department  strives  to  build  an  organization  of  highly-motivated  employees 
who  work  together  as  a  team  empowered  by  leadership  and  technology  and  who 
provide  quality  customer  sen-ice  and  increase  compliance.  The  Secretaiy  of  Revenue, 
who  is  appointed  by  the  Governor  and  serves  as  a  member  of  the  Governors  Cabinet, 
leads  the  agency. 

During  the  2000-2001  hscal  year,  the  department  processed  9.3  million  tax 
returns  representing  $18.3  billion  m  gross  collections.  Additionally  during  this 
same  period,  the  department  processed  5.6  million  tax  payments  and  made  2.7 
million  individual  income  tax  refunds  totalling  $1.3  billion. 

Before  the  Department  of  Revenue  was  created  in  1921,  several  state  and  county 
agencies  administered  North  Carolina  tax  laws.  The  North  Carolina  Tax  Commission 
assessed  the  personal  property  of  railroads,  public  service  companies  and  the 
"corporate  excess"  of  all  corporations.  It  certilied  these  amounts  to  counties  for 
local  taxes  and  to  the  State  Auditor  for  state  taxes. 

The  State  Auditor  billed  corporations  for  property  and  franchise  taxes,  which 
were  paid  directly  to  the  State  Treasurer.  County  officials  administered  the  general 
property  tax,  while  the  clerks  oi  Superior  Court  administered  the  inheritance  tax 
under  the  supervision  of  the  N.C.  Tax  Commission. 

In  1921,  the  General  Assembly  approved  a  constitutional  amendment  creating 
a  net  income  tax  and  eliminated  taxation  ol  real  property  as  a  source  ot  state  revenue. 
That  \'ear,  the  General  Assembly  created  the  Department  of  Revenue  to  take  on  the 
administration,  enforcement  and  collection  ol  state  taxes,  including  the  new  income  i 
tax. 

The  department  also  took  responsibility  for  the  mheiitance  tax  and  the  franchise 
and  corporate  tax  assessments,  which  were  lormerly  administered  by  the  Tax 
Commission.  In  May  1921,  the  new  department  employed  a  staff  of  16  and  a  unit 
was  tormed  in  October  ot  that  year  to  collect  the  income  tax.  By  the  end  oi  the 
1921-22  hscal  year,  the  department  has  grown  to  30  employees  and  operating 
costs  totaled  $87,125.  The  department  collected  just  over  $3  million  in  income 
and  inheritance  taxes  during  that  time. 

Without  a  permanent  home,  the  department  operated  temporarily  trom  the 
Capitols  Senate  Chamber,  clerks  ottice  and  committee  rooms.  The  agency  relocated 


334 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

while  the  legislature  met  in  1923  and  1924.  Through  the  next  decade,  the  departments 
size  grew  as  it  was  assigned  tax  collection  duties  formerly  held  by  other  state 
government  agencies  and  the  department  began  assessing  and  collecting  the  Iranchise 
tax  and  Hcense  taxes. 

During  the  1924  session,  the  legislature  approved  plans  to  move  the  department 
to  a  new  buildmg.  In  the  meantnne,  the  Agriculture  Building  served  as  the 
departments  temporary  home.  By  1926,  a  new  Revenue  Building  was  completed  at 
the  corner  of  Morgan  and  Salisbury  streets  m  downtown  Raleigh. 

In  1925  the  Motor  Vehicle  Bureau,  which  administered  automobile  license  taxes, 
the  gasoline  tax  and  the  bus  and  truck  franchise  tax,  moved  from  the  Department  of 
Secretary  of  State  to  the  Department  of  Revenue.  The  collection  of  taxes  on  insurance 
companies  passed  to  the  department  as  well. 

Meanwhile,  the  departments  responsibilities  continued  to  grow.  The  legislature 
enacted  a  three  percent  general  sales  tax  and  a  beverage  tax  that  became  effective  in 
1933.  A  new  unit  was  created  to  administer  the  sales  tax  while  the  hcense  tax  unit 
administered  the  beverage  tax. 

Through  the  1950s  and  1960s,  the  department  continued  to  expand.  New 
divisions  were  formed  to  administer  corporate  and  individual  income  taxes  in  1953. 
Soon  after,  the  Franchise  and  Intangibles  Tax  Division  divided  and  the  new 
Intangibles  Tax  Division  provided  administrative  staff  support  to  the  State  Board  of 
Assessment  until  1967,  when  the  board  was  assigned  a  staff. 

Also  during  this  period,  the  Department  of  Revenue  worked  to  keep  pace  with 
technological  innovations.  In  1947,  a  small  data-processing  unit  was  created  in  the 
Sales  and  Use  Tax  Division.  This  allowed  the  division  to  use  punch  cards  to  maintain 
a  mailing  list  of  registered  merchants,  check  monthly  returns  for  delinquency,  address 
letters  and  compile  statistics.  The  Income  Tax  Division  received  similar  technology 
in  1949  that  allowed  the  division  to  create  mailing  lists  of  individual  income 
taxpayers  and  track  files  more  efficiently. 

The  department  established  the  Division  of  Planning  and  Processing  in  1958 
to  monitor  and  develop  new  technology.  By  1960,  the  department  began  using 
automated  equipment  to  process  individual  income  tax  returns.  The  department 
added  computerized  disk  storage  to  its  operations  in  1970  and  acquired  an  optical 
character  reader  capable  of  scanning  hand-coded  adjustments  on  tax  forms  in  1977. 
The  first  remote  computer  terminal  was  installed  m  a  Revenue  Department  field 
office  m  1984. 

As  other  state  agencies  moved  into  the  Revenue  Building  and  the  number  of 
department  employees  increased,  the  agency  expanded  into  two  annexes  in  1948 
and  a  third  in  1969.  By  1985,  the  state  acquired  the  adjacent  Brown-Rogers  Building 
to  house  several  department  offices.  A  long-term  solution  to  the  Department's 
increasing  need  for  space  came  in  1986  when  the  legislature  approved  construction 

335 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

of  a  new  Revenue  Building.  In  1992,  tlie  department  moved  to  the  building  it  now 
occupies  on  Wilmmgton  Street. 

The  department  has  continued  to  seek  mnovations  that  offer  greater  productivity. 
As  computer  efficiency  increased  and  the  cost  of  technology  became  more  reasonable, 
the  department  created  an  integrated  tax  administration  system  to  bring  information 
from  the  separate  divisions  and  tax  schedules  together  into  one  database.  The  new 
system  makes  it  quicker  and  easier  to  perform  routine  functions,  such  as  cross- 
checking tiles  and  tax  returns  and  providing  information  to  taxpayers  more  quickly 

The  Department  of  Revenue  continues  to  use  new  technology  to  improve  the 
service  it  provides  North  Carolina  taxpayers.  The  department  was  honored  m  1999 
for  Its  Java-Enabled  Tax  System  (JETS),  which  allows  the  agency  to  manage  data  not 
included  on  the  integrated  tax  administration  system.  JETS  eliminates  the  need  for 
employees  to  enter  basic  information  more  than  once,  thus  saving  time  and  increasing 
the  departmental  efficiency. 

Other  technological  innovations  have  helped  the  department  make  filing  income 
tax  returns  faster  and  easier  for  North  Carolina  taxpayers.  In  1981,  the  department  ' 
began  ottering  electronic  filing  for  individual  taxpayers  through  the  Federal/State 
Electronic  Filing  Program  in  conjunction  with  the  Internal  Revenue  Senice.  The 
system  allows  taxpayers  using  software  approved  by  the  department  to  file  their 
state  and  federal  returns  using  a  home  computer  or  with  assistance  from  a  tax  preparer. 
In  2001,  more  than  1.04  million  individual  income  tax  returns  were  filed  i 
electromcall)'.  In  2002,  the  Governor  declared  February  "Electronic  Filing  Month" 
to  encourage  more  taxpayers  to  file  electronically 

The  department  also  uses  various  methods  to  deliver  important  information  to 
taxpayers.  The  "N.C.  Tax  Talk",  prerecorded  information  line  allows  taxpayers 
around-the-clock  access  to  mtormation  concerning  state  individual  income  taxes. 
The  departments  web  site  also  offers  a  wide  range  of  information  including  individual 
and  corporate  tax  forms,  instructions  and  other  information  regarding  state  taxes. 

In  1999,  the  department  implemented  a  new,  state-of-the-art  electronic  system 
to  process  tax  returns  and  payments.  The  Data  Capture  system  electronically  reads 
state  tax  forms  and  stores  their  images  electronically  It  also  allows  the  department 
to  process  returns  taster  than  manual  data  entry  systems  used  previously 

In  2001,  the  department  launched  Project  Collect  Tax.  an  initiative  to  collect 
$150  million  in  past  due  individual  and  corporate  taxes  by  2003.  Through  this 
effort,  the  department  seeks  to  collect  overdue  taxes  from  taxpayers  who  have  ignored 
rec[uests  for  payment  and  repeated  efforts  to  reach  a  reasonable  agreement.  A  law 
passed  by  the  General  Assembly  allows  the  department  to  charge  delinquent  taxpayers 
a  tee  that  will  help  cover  the  additional  cost  of  collection. 

As  North  Carolina  witnesses  growth  in  population  and  becomes  more 
economically  and  culturally  diverse,  the  department  focuses  its  energies  and  resources 

336 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

on  several  key  goals  including:  increasing  collection  and  improving  compliance 
with  state  tax  laws;  improving  taxpayer  services;  and  training  and  development  for 
employees.  As  the  needs  of  North  Carolina's  citizens  change,  the  Department  of 
Revenue  will  continue  its  efforts  to  provide  taxpayers  with  the  most  efficient  and 
effective  semces  possible. 

Under  the  Secretar)'  of  Revenue  and  the  Deputy  Secretar)-  of  Revenue,  there  are 
three  major  business  areas:  Tax  Administration,  Taxpayer  Services  and  Examination 
and  Collection.  The  department  also  maintains  key  administrative  and  technology 
support  areas.  The  following  information  lists  each  work  area  and  provides  a  brief 
description  of  each: 

Tax  Administration 

Corporate,  Excise  and  Insurance  Tax  Division:  The  Corporate,  Excise 
and  Insurance  Tax  Division  interprets  the  statutes  relating  to  corporate  income  and 
franchise  tax,  provides  information  to  taxpayers  and  confers  with  taxpayers  on 
disputed  issues.  Representatives  of  the  division  appear  in  hearings  before  the  Secretary 
of  Revenue,  the  Tax  Re\iew  Board  and  in  court. 

Property  Tax  Division:  The  Property  Tax  Division  administers  city  and 
county  personal  property  valuation  and  taxation;  offers  assistance  to  local  taxing 
authorities;  responds  to  property  tax  valuation  appeals;  and  staffs  the  State  Property 
Tax  Commission.  The  division  manages  the  distribution  of  inventory  and  homestead 
tax  revenue  to  local  governments. 

Sales  &  Use  Tax  Division:  The  Sales  &  Use  Tax  Division  formulates  tax 
policy  and  responds  to  technical  issues,  hearing  requests  and  proposed  legislation 
regarding  state  and  local  sales  and  use  tax  laws.  The  division  maintains  data  on 
consumers  and  retail  and  wholesale  merchants  and  audits  monthly  sales  and  use 
tax  reports. 

Tax  Research  Division:  The  Tax  Research  Division  compiles  and  publishes 
statistical  data  on  state  and  local  taxation.  The  division  analyzes  proposed  changes 
in  tax  laws  and  conducts  special  studies,  as  well  as  responding  to  internal  and 
external  inquiries. 

Personal  Taxes  Division:  The  Personal  Tax  Division  interprets  statutes 
relating  to  individual  income,  inheritance,  intangibles  and  gift  taxes.  The  division 
holds  conferences  with  taxpayers,  accountants  and  attorneys  to  settle  disputed  tax 

issues. 


337 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Taxpayer  Se/'Mces 

Taxpayer  Assistance  Division:  The  Taxpayer  Services  Division  provides 
taxpayers  with  general  assistance  m  resolving  tax  problems,  understanding  tax  issues 
and  completing  tax  lorms,  and  responding  to  taxpayer  inquiries  received  by  the 
department  by  both  telephone  and  mail. 

Documents  and  Payments  Processing  Division:  The  Documents  and 
Payments  Processing  Division  processes  taxpayer  pa)anents  and  tax  returns 

Exam/nation  and  Collection 

Examination  Division:  Conducts  audits  of  individuals,  businesses,  and 
governmental  entities. 

Collection  Division:  Manages  all  compliance,  enforcement  and  taxpayer 
education  programs  throughout  the  state. 

Motor  Fuels  Tax  Division:  Administers  the  motor  fuels,  alternative  fuels, 
motor  carrier  and  inspection  laws  oi  the  state. 

Unauthorized  Substances  Tax  Division:  Administers  the  excise  tax  levied  \ 
on  unauthorized  substances. 

Information  Technology 

Applications  Development  and  Support  Division:  This  dixision  develops 
and  maintains  the  department  s  computer  software  applications  that  support  business 
processes.  , 

Technology  Services  Division:  Technology  Services  schedules,  monitors  \ 
and  controls  the  departments  computer  systems  and  networks. 

Database  Administration:  This  division  works  to  ensure  the  accuracy 
and  performance  of  the  departments  computer  system  through  database 
administration. 

Production  Systems  Integration  and  Coordination  Division:  This  area 
coordinates  the  Integrated  Tax  Administration  System  business  functions. 

Quality  Assurance:  Quality  Assurance  manages  the  departments  quality 
assurance  system  and  disaster  recovery  programs. 

Office  of  the  Secretary 

Administrative  Hearings  Officer:  The  Hearings  Officer  is  responsible  for 
handling  all  of  the  departments  formal  administrative  tax  hearings. 

Administrative  Services  Division:  The  Administrative  Ser\ices  Division  [• 
provides  supplies  and  equipment  lor  the  department.  It  also  prints  forms  and! 
processes  incoming  and  outgoing  mail. 


338 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Criminal  Investigations:  This  division  investigates  and  prosecutes  taxpayers 
who  fraudulently  fail  to  adhere  to  the  state's  tax  laws. 

Financial  Services  Division:  The  Financial  Services  Division  maintains 
the  department's  budget  and  payroll  records  and  handles  all  of  its  fiscal  processes 

Internal  Audit:  This  section  monitors  compliance  with  departmental  polices 
and  procedures  and  reviews  and  makes  recommendation  for  improving  the 
departments  overall  operating  efficiency. 

Planning:  Manages  the  development  and  maintenance  of  the  departments 
strategic  business  plans  and  performance  measurement  system. 

Personnel  Division:  The  Personnel  Division  provides  technical  and 
administrative  guidance  and  human  resource  sei'vices  to  the  department  and  its 
employees. 

Public  Information  Officer:  The  Public  Affairs  Office  provides  internal 
and  external  communication. 

Security  Office:  Develops  and  maintains  an  integrated  system  to  protect 
all  of  the  departments  resources. 

Training  Unit:     Coordinates  all  departmental  training  for  employees 

Boards  and  Commissions 

Property  Tax  Commission 

Tax  Review  Board 

'         For  more  information  about  the  Department  of  Revenue,  call  (919)  733-3991. 
I  If  you  have  questions  about  the  state  income  tax,  call  (919)  733-4684  or  (919) 
,  733-4828.  For  NC  Tax  Talk,  a  pre-recorded  information  line  call  (919)  733-4829. 
You  can  also  visit  the  department's  web  site  at  www.dor.state.nc.us. 


339 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

E.NorrisTolson 

Secretary  of  Rexenue 

Early  Years 

Born  Tarboro,  Edgecombe  County,  on 
November  18,  1939,  to  Thomas  Lester  and 
Eftie  Mae  Proctor  Tolson. 

EducatiofialBackgrowid 

South  Edgecombe  High  School,  Pinetops, 
1958;  B.S.  in  Crop  Science  &  Agribusmess, 
North  Carolina  State  University,  1962. 

PtxjfessionalBackgrxtund 

Secretary,  Department  of  Revenue,  2001- 
Present. 

Political  Activities 

Secretary  of  Transportation,  1998-99;  Secretary 
of  Commerce,  1997-98;  Member,  N.C.  House 
of  Representatives,  1994-97. 

Busuiess/Ptr)fessioiialy  CliaritabWCivic  or  Convnunity  Service  Organizations 

Lions  Club;  College  of  Agriculture  &  Life  Sciences  Society;  NCSU  Education  Eund. 

Elective  or^AppointedBoaryis  and  Commissions 

Biotechnology  Board;  IRMC;  Economic  De\'elopment  Board. 

Military  Service 

Second  Lt.,  U.S.  Army  1963-65. 

Per^sonal  Information 

Married,  Betsy  Cobb  Tolson.  Three  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member,  Pinetops 
United  Methodist  Church. 


340 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Secretaries  of  Revenue' 

Name 

Alston  D.  Watts^ 
Rufus  A.  Doughton^ 
Allen  J.  Maxwell^ 
Edwin  M.  Gill^ 
Eugene  G.  Shaw^ 
James  S.  Currie^ 
William  A.  Johnson^ 
Lewis  Sneed  High'' 
Ivie  L.  Clayton^*^ 
Gilmer  Andrew  Jones,  Jr.'^ 
Mark  H.  Coble^^ 
Mark  G.  Lynch  ^^ 
Helen  Ann  Powers^"^ 
Betsy  Y.  Justus'^ 
Janice  H.  Faulkner 
Muriel  K.  Offerman 
E.N  orris  Tolson 

^  The  Department  of  Revenue  was  created  by  the  1921  General  Assembly  with 
provision  for  the  first  "Commissioner  of  Revenue,  to  be  appointed  by  the 
governor,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate"  for  a  four  year  term, 
and  the  succeeding  one  to  be  "nominated  and  elected"  in  1924  "in  the  manner 
provided  for... other  state  officers."  In  1929,  the  provision  for  electing  a 
commissioner  was  repealed  and  a  provision  that  called  for  appointment  of  the 
commissioner  by  the  governor  substituted  in  its  place.  The  Executive  Organization 
Act  of  1971  established  the  Department  of  Revenue  as  one  of  the  nineteen  major 
departments.  In  1973  the  title  "Commissioner"  was  changed  to  "Secretary." 


Residence 

Term 

Iredell 

1921-1923 

Alleghany 

1923-1929 

Wake 

1929-1942 

Wake 

1942-1949 

Guilford 

1949-1957 

Wake 

1957-1961 

Harnett 

1961-1964 

Cumberland 

1964-1965 

Wake 

1965-1971 

Wake 

1972-1973 

Guilford 

1973-1977 

Wake 

1977-1985 

Madison 

1985-1990 

Bertie 

1990-1993 

Pitt 

1993-1996 

Duplin 

1996-2001 

Edgecombe 

2001 -Present 

341 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

'  Walls  was  appoinled  b)-  Governor  Morrison  and  ser\'ed  uniil  his  resignation  on 
January  29,  1923. 

^  Doughlon  was  appoinled  h\  Governor  Morrison  lo  replace  Walls.  He  was  elecled 
in  ihe  general  eleciions  m  1924  and  served  iollowing  re-eleclion  m  1928  uniil 
March,  1929. 

"*  Maxwell  was  appointed  by  Governor  Gardner  lo  replace  Doughlon  and  served 
following  subsequent  reappointments  until  June,  1942. 

^  Gill  was  appointed  by  Governor  Broughton  lo  replace  Maxwell  and  served 
following  his  reappointment  until  his  resignation  effective  July  1,  1949. 

"  Shaw  wiis  appointed  b)-  Governor  Scott  to  replace  Gill  and  served  following  his 
reappointment  until  his  resignation  in  August,  1957. 

'  Currie  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hodges  to  replace  Shaw  and  sen-ed  until  his 
resignation  m  January,  1961. 

'^  Johnson  was  appointed  by  Governor  Sanford  lo  replace  Currie  and  ser\'ed  until 
April,  1964,  when  he  was  appointed  to  the  Superior  Court. 

'^  High  was  appointed  by  Governor  Sanford  to  replace  Johnson  and  sen^ed  until 
his  resignation  m  January  1965. 

'^^  Clayton  was  appointed  by  Governor  Moore  lo  serve  as  acting  commissioner.  He 
was  later  appointed  commissioner  and  served  following  reappointment  by 
Governor  Scott  on  July  21,  1969  until  his  resignation  effective  December  31, 
1971. 

^  ^  Jones  wias  appointed  by  Governor  Scott  to  replace  Clayton  and  continued  sening 
until  Coble  took  ofhce. 

'-  Coble  was  appointed  on  June  8,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  lo  replace  Jones. 

^'  L}aich  was  appointed  on  January  10,  1977,  to  replace  Coble. 

^^  Powers  was  appointed  January  7,  1985,  by  Governor  Marlm  to  replace  Lynch. 

^^  Justus  was  appointed  May  1,  1990  by  Governor  Martin  to  replace  Powers. 


342 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Department  of  Transportation 

The  North  Carolina  Department  of  Transportation  (NCDOT)  provides  a  system 
to  transport  people  and  goods  effectively,  efficiently  and  safely  while  rendering  the 
highest  level  of  service  to  the  public. 

The  State  Highway  Commission  and  the  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles  was 
combined  to  form  the  North  Carolina  Department  of  Transportation  and  Highway 
Safety  by  the  Executive  Organization  Act  of  1971.  This  act  also  created  the  North 
Carolina  Board  of  Transportation.  In  1979,  the  term  "Highway  Safety"  was  dropped 
from  the  departments  name  when  the  Highway  Patrol  Division  was  transferred  to 
the  newly-created  Department  of  Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety. 

The  North  Carolina  Department  of  Transportation  is  headed  by  a  secretary 
appointed  by  the  governor.  Legislation  passed  in  1973  designates  the  secretary  as 
an  ex-officio  member  and  chair  of  the  Board  of  Transportation.  All  transportation 
responsibilities,  including  aviation,  feriy  servdce,  mass  transit  and  rail,  as  well  as 
highways  and  motor  vehicles,  are  the  responsibility  of  the  department.  The  Board 
of  Transportation,  the  chief  policy-making  body  of  the  department,  awards  all 
highway  contracts  and  sets  transportation  priorities.  The  staff  executes  the  initiatives 
of  the  board  and  is  responsible  for  day-to-day  operations. 

Division  of  Highways 

The  Division  of  Highways  administers  state  road  planning,  design,  construction 
and  maintenance  programs  and  policies  estabUshed  by  the  Board  of  Transportation. 
North  Carolina's  highway  program  uses  available  resources  to  construct,  maintain 
and  operate  an  efficient,  economical  and  safe  transportation  network.  This  division 
is  responsible  for  the  upkeep  of  the  largest  state-maintained  highway  system  in  the 
country.  It  utilizes  both  state  and  federal  funds  m  its  road  improvement  program. 

The  division  has  a  long  history  of  service  to  North  Carolina.  As  the  20th  century 
approached,  the  need  for  better  roads  became  increasingly  apparent  to  most  North 
Carolinians.  Railroads  simply  could  not  provide  the  internal  trade  and  travel 
connections  required  by  an  ambitious  people  in  an  expanding  economy.  The 
beginning  of  the  "Good  Roads"  movement  was  hesitant,  but  it  sparked  a 
transportation  revolution  that  would  serve  North  Carolina's  interests  and  bring 
many  benefits  to  citizens  who  supported  the  system  through  their  taxes. 

Modern  road  building  in  North  Carolina  may  have  begun  in  1879  with  the 
General  Assembly's  passage  of  the  Mecklenburg  Road  Law.  The  statute  was  intended 
as  a  general  state  law,  but  as  worded,  applied  only  to  Mecklenburg  County  It  allowed 
the  county  to  build  roads  with  hnancing  from  a  property  tax,  and  required  four 
days  labor  of  all  males  between  the  ages  of  18  and  45. 

The  author  of  the  legislation.  Captain  S.B.  Alexander,  saw  his  bill  repealed, 
then  re-enacted  in  1883,  as  growing  numbers  of  people  acknowledged  the  need  for 


343 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

better  roads.  By  1895,  most  of  the  states  progressive  counties  had  established  tax- 
based  road  building  plans. 

As  the  new  century  neared,  interest  m  better  roads  spread  from  the  mountains 
to  the  coast.  A  Good  Roads  Conference  m  1893  attracted  more  than  100  business 
and  government  leaders  from  throughout  North  Carolina.  They  organized  the  North 
Carolina  Road  Improvement  Association  and  promoted  meetings  the  following 
year  m  Chapel  Hill,  Raleigh  and  Charlotte.  Before  1900,  most  decisions  concerning 
transportation  were  dictated  by  immediate  local  needs.  Little  thought  was  given  to 
long-range  transportation  goals  on  a  statewide  basis.  The  concept  of  a  statewide 
system  existed  only  m  the  mmds  of  a  few  visionary  people.  Well  into  the  new 
century,  state  policy  was  limited  to  assisting  counties  m  meeting  transportation 
needs. 

Fortunately,  there  were  emerging  leaders  who  could  look  beyond  county 
boundaries,  practical  people  who  had  the  conviction,  determination  and  know- 
how  to  match  their  vision.  These  leaders  knew  that  good  transportation  had  a  place 
among  the  states  top  priorities  and  labored  to  make  North  Carolmas  highway  system 
one  of  the  best  m  the  country. 

In  1913,  Governor  Locke  Craig  took  office.  He  led  the  call  for  good  roads  and 
established  the  State  Highway  Commission  m  1915.  Because  of  his  efforts.  Governor 
Craig  would  be  the  hrst  chief  executive  to  be  called  "The  Good  Roads  Governor." 
Many  other  individuals  labored  for  better  roads  during  this  crucial  period.  Three 
whose  names  would  rank  high  on  any  "honor  roll"  of  North  Carolina  transportation 
pioneers  were  Dr.  J.  A.  Holmes,  Colonel  Joseph  Hyde  Pratt  and  Harriet  Morehead 
Berry.  Each  was  associated  with  the  North  Carolina  Economic  and  Geological  Survey 
—  described  as  the  "cutting  edge"  ot  the  roads  movement  m  this  state.  Each  headed 
the  North  Carolina  Good  Roads  Association  during  the  two  critical  decades  in 
which  that  association  led  the  struggle  for  better  roads  across  North  Carolina. 

Holmes  was  a  driving  force  behind  the  good  roads  movement  long  before  the 
development  ol  organized  efforts  to  promote  the  cause.  He  was  a  prime  mover  in 
establishing  the  Good  Roads  Association  and  ser\'ed  as  its  tirst  executive  secretar\-. 
Pratt  succeeded  Holmes  as  head  of  both  the  Geological  Survey  and  the  Good  Roads 
Association.  He  preached  road  building  at  reasonable  cost  and  urged  counties  to 
borrow  money  lor  that  purpose.  His  advice  was  followed.  Counties  issued  a  total 
of  $84.5  million  m  road  construction  bonds  before  the  practice  was  halted  in  1927. 

Yet,  Pratt s  most  important  contribution  to  North  Carolina  may  have  been 
bringing  Harriet  M.  "Hattie"  Berry  of  Chapel  Hill  into  the  association  of  good  roads 
advocates.  Miss  Berr\'  c[Uickly  became  an  uncompromising  force  m  the  campaign. 
She  pushed  lor  establishment  of  a  State  Highway  Commission  and,  m  1915,  helped 
draft  legislation  designed  to  establish  and  maintain  a  statewide  highway  system. 
The  bill  was  defeated,  but  Hattie  Berry  was  not.  She  mounted  a  campaign  that 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

carried  into  89  counties  and,  in  1919,  when  the  bill  was  reintroduced,  Miss  Berry 
appeared  before  the  legislature  to  answer  any  lingering  questions.  When  the  final 
vote  came,  the  decision  was  not  whether  to  build  roads,  but  what  kind  of  roads  to 
I  build.  The  foundation  had  been  laid.  The  "Good  Roads  State"  would  now  become 
a  reality 

This  pivotal  point  in  the  States  transportation  history  came  with  the  decision  to 
accept  debt  as  a  means  of  getting  better  highways.  It  began  slowly  at  the  county 
level  in  New  Hanover,  Mecklenburg  and  Guilford  counties.  The  era  of  building 
roads  using  whatever  money  happened  to  be  at  hand  and  a  day  of  required  labor 
from  each  able-bodied  man  faded.  In  its  place  rose  a  sophisticated  enterprise  of 
structured  funding  and  complex  engineering.  For  the  first  time  in  North  Carolina 
history,  planning  become  part  of  the  highway  building  and  maintenance  programs. 

Road-building  swept  the  entire  state  through  the  mid- 1920s.  Follovvdng  passage 
of  the  Highway  Act  of  1921,  almost  6,000  miles  of  highway  were  built  in  a  four- 
year  period.  The  aggressive  leadership  of  Governor  Cameron  Morrison  and  other 
transportation  advocates  helped  fuel  the  drive  to  improve  transportation  in  North 
Carolina,  as  did  public  approval  of  a  $50  miUion  bond  issue.  During  the  Depression 
years  of  the  early  1930s,  however,  highway  construction  ground  to  a  halt.  Some 
state  leaders  began  looking  to  the  Highway  Fund  as  a  possible  source  of  money  to 
[meet  other  pubhc  service  needs,  a  potentially  devastating  course  for  the  highway 
!  system.  It  was  at  this  critical  time  that  the  state,  under  the  leadership  of  Governor  O. 
Max  Gardner,  assumed  responsibility  for  all  county  roads  and  an  allocation  of  $16 
.million  was  made  for  maintenance. 

i        By  1933,  the  Depression  had  carried  North  Carolina  into  a  dark  period.  The 

"precarious  state  of  the  economy,  coupled  with  the  states  assumption  of  financial 

jresponsibiUty  for  public  schools,  prompted  state  leaders  to  use  highway  funds  for 

non-highway  purposes.  As  the  economy  began  to  recover  later  in  the  decade,  the 

j  General  Assembly  recognized  the  damage  caused  to  the  roads  system  by  years  of 

'neglect  and  allocated  $3  million  in  emergency  funds  for  bridge  repair  in  1935. 

Later  in  the  session,  more  comprehensive  action  was  taken  to  restore  the  financial 

stability  of  the  road  program.  For  the  next  five  years.  North  CaroHna  measured  up 

fully  to  its  growing  reputation  as  the  "Good  Roads  State."  As  state  revenues  continued 

to  rise,  stretches  of  a  new  highway  were  constructed. 

The  outbreak  of  World  War  11  again  brought  a  halt  to  construction.  This  time, 
however.  North  Carolina's  highway  program  appeared  to  benefit  from  the 
moratorium.  The  state,  led  by  Governors  J.  Melville  Broughton  and  Gregg  Cherry, 
used  funds  produced  by  the  accelerated  wartime  economy  to  pay  off  highway  debts. 
When  Cherry  left  office,  all  debts  had  either  been  eliminated  or  money  had  been  set 
aside  to  meet  obUgations. 


345 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Despite  the  interruption  ol  the  war  years,  North  Carolina's  road  buildiiig  progress 
h"om  1937  to  1950  was  dramatic.  Road  mileage  during  the  period  rose  h'om  58,000 
to  64,000  miles.  It  was  generally  conceded,  however,  that  one  important  area  of 
transportation  had  been  neglected  —  secondary  roads.  North  Carolina  led  the  nation 
in  use  of  school  buses.  The  state  also  ranked  second  in  the  number  of  small,  family  j 
farms.  But  little  cause  existed  for  pride  m  the  condition  of  school  bus  routes  and 
farm-to-market  roads. 

In  his  campaign  for  governor  in  1948,  Kerr  Scott  rebuked  his  primary  opponent, 
Charles  Johnson,  for  advocating  a  $100  million  secondaiy  roads  bond  issue.  After 
defeating  Johnson,  Scott  reassessed  the  situation  and  again  concluded  that  his 
opponent  had  been  wrong  in  suggesting  a  $100  million  bond  issue.  Scott  instead 
requested  $200  million  from  the  states  voters.  Despite  strong  opposition  from 
urban  leaders,  the  bond  issue  was  approved.  Work  began  immediately  to  pave 
thousands  of  miles  of  rural  roads  that  previously  had  been  impassable  in  bad  weather. 
By  the  end  of  the  Scott  administration,  construction  promised  m  the  bond  project 
was  94  percent  complete. 

Neither  the  proposal  to  borrow  money  for  road  building  nor  popular  support 
of  the  proposal  was  surprising.  Borrovv'ing  money  to  improve  roads  and  paying  the 
debt  with  road-use  taxes  had  become  a  tradition  m  North  Carolina.  During  the 
1920s,  the  state  had  passed  four  bond  issues  totaling  $16.8  million.  The  Scott 
bond  issue  added  $200  million  to  that  total.  In  Governor  Dan  Moore  s 
administration,  voters  approved  a  $300  millic^n  issue.  In  1977,  Governor  James  B. 
Hunt  Jr.  proposed  a  second  $300  million  bond  issue  and  voters  approved  the 
bond  issue. 

The  structure  of  the  states  transportation  programs  have  evolved  through  the 
years  to  make  the  program  more  credible  and  responsive  to  the  slates  needs.  In 
1971,  the  General  Assembly  combined  the  State  Highway  Commission  and  the 
Department  of  Motor  Vehicles  to  form  the  Department  of  Transportation  and  Public 
Salety  The  reorganization  encouraged  the  new  department  to  adopt  a  more  modern  ; 
planning  system.  In  1973,  Governor  Jim  Holshouser  proposed  the  "Seven-Year' 
Transportation  Plan,"  which  later  became  the  Transportation  Impro\'ement  Program 
(TIP).  The  TIP  is  a  planned  and  programmed  schedule  of  the  states  major  highway 
construction  that  balances  projected  construction  costs  against  anticipated  revenues,  i 
The  TIP  is  updated  annually  to  add  new  projects  and  adjust  priorities. 

The  N.C.  Board  ot  Transportation  makes  linal  decisions  on  new  projects  and 
priorities  each  year  after  local  olhcials  and  interested  citizens  express  views  and 
make  recommendations  on  their  tuture  highway  needs.  This  approach  to  meeting 
North  Carolmas  transportation  needs  has  expanded  to  include  aviation  and  public 
transportation  projects.  Other  changes  also  improved  reliability  and  responsiveness. 
Under  Governor  Bob  Scott,  the  Board  ol  Transportation  expanded  to  24  members, 


346 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

and  during  the  Holshouser  administration,  the  department  moved  to  formulate 
funding  for  some  transportation  improvements. 

In  1986,  the  General  Assembly  passed  Governor  Jim  Martins  "Roads  to  the 
Future"  program.  The  legislation  was  designed  to  produce  $240  million  a  year  in 
additional  revenues  by  Fiscal  Year  1991-1992.  These  funds  were  to  be  used  to 
bolster  or  improve  the  maintenance  and  safety  on  the  states  highways.  An  additional 
$30  million  was  set  aside  to  begin  a  program  of  state-funded  construction.  Governor 
Martin  also  directed  the  Department  to  improve  the  reliability  of  the  Transportation 
Improvement  Program  by  more  closely  matching  the  program  to  anticipated 
revenues. 

In  1987,  poor  highway  construction  prospects  caused  the  Martin  Administration 
and  the  General  Assembly  to  take  a  hard  look  at  the  transportation  needs  of  North 
Carolina.  In  1989,  after  much  debate,  the  legislature  approved  a  large  and  ambitious 
public  works  program  -  the  Highway  Trust  Fund.  The  law  calls  for  major 
construction  to  meet  a  wide  variety  of  the  States  needs.  It  pro\ides  for  the  completion 
of  a  3,600-mile  "Intrastate"  system  of  four-lane  roads  across  the  state.  When  this 
system  is  completed,  nearly  all  North  Carolinians  will  live  within  10  miles  of  a 
four-lane  highway.  The  trust  fund  program  also  will  improve  113  miles  of  interstate 
highways,  help  pave  all  the  remaining  dirt  roads  in  the  state,  build  loops  and 
connector  roads  near  seven  major  cities,  and  provide  additional  money  to  local 
governments  for  city  street  improvements.  Funding  for  the  program  is  provided  by 
motor  fuel  and  other  highway  use  taxes. 

In  2002  the  General  Assembly  established  the  North  Carolina  Turnpike 
Authority,  which  is  authorized  to  construct,  operate  and  maintain  up  to  three  toll 
roads  in  the  state.  The  authority  is  also  authorized  to  study,  plan,  develop  and 
prepare  preliminaiy  designs  for  three  additional  toll  roads  that  will  require  legislative 
approval  to  build  them.  Toll  roads  will  offer  motorists  living  m  congested  areas 
another  transit  route.  These  roads  will  also  relieve  the  burden  on  other  highways 
and  enhance  our  states  overall  economic  competitiveness.  The  North  Carolina 
Turnpike  Authority  will  complement  the  Department  of  Transportations  ongoing 
congestion  management  efforts. 

Senate  Bill  1005,  passed  by  the  N.C.  General  Assembly  in  2001,  allows  the 
department  to  use  $470  milUon  from  Highway  Trust  Fund  cash  balances  to  pay  for 
much-needed  maintenance  projects  across  the  state.  This  landmark  bill  also  enables 
the  department  to  use  a  portion  of  its  cash  balances  for  preliminary  engineering 
costs  not  included  in  the  current-year  Transportation  Improvement  Program,  such 
as  computerized  traffic  signal  systems,  signal  optimization  projects  and  public 
transportation  projects. 

In  2003  Governor  Mike  Easley  signed  into  law  "N.C.  Mo\dng  Ahead!"  a  two- 
year,  $700  million  transportation  and  economic  stimulus  package.  Through  this 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

program  NCDOT  will  invest  $630  million  in  highway  preservation  and 
modernization  and  $70  million  in  public  transportation.  The  initiative  is  expected 
to  make  a  $4  billion  economic  impact  and  create  30,000  jobs,  as  well  as  improve 
2,200  miles  ol  stale-maintained  highway.  Together,  Senate  Bill  1005  and  "N.C. 
Moving  Ahead!"  will  enable  the  department  to  invest  an  additional  $1  billion  in 
highway  maintenance  and  public  transportation  projects. 

At  the  beginning  ol  the  century.  North  Carolina  was  a  state  of  relatively  few,  and 
incredibly  poor  roads.  Only  5,200  miles  of  state  roads  existed  m  1921.  From  that 
inauspicious  beginning,  the  highway  network  has  grown  to  more  than  78,000 
miles,  the  second-largest  state-maintained  system  m  the  nation.  \ 

The  Division  ol  Highways  manages  various  programs  and  olhces  across  the    I 
state,  including  the  following  three  programs:  ' 

Beautification  Program 

The  Ofhce  of  Beautification  encourages  North  Carolina  citizens  to  take  an  active 
role  in  reducing  Utter  along  the  roadways  and  in  their  communities.  Since  the  Adopt- 
A-Highway  Program  began  m  1988,  more  than  12,500  miles  of  state-maintained 
roads  have  been  adopted  by  6,000  volunteer  groups  and  150,000  participants. 
This  active  participation  makes  North  Carolmas  program  one  of  the  largest  anti-  , 
littering  efforts  ol  its  kind  m  the  nation  and  saves  taxpayers  $3  million  each  year. 
Many  groups  now  recycle  the  litter  they  pick  up  to  further  help  the  environment. 
Each  year  the  department  sponsors  a  bi-annual  litter  drive. 

The  Swat-A-Litterbug  Program  is  a  popular  anti-littermg  educational  effort.  It 
gives  eveiy  citizen  the  opportunity  to  be  an  active  participant  m  keeping  our  highways 
clean.  Citizens  report  littering  incidents  they  observe  and  educational  letters  are 
sent  to  otlenders. 

Scenic  Byways  Program 

NCDOT  has  designated  45  scenic  byways  to  give  visitors  and  residents  the  . 
opportunity  to  explore  some  of  North  Carolmas  hnest  less-traveled  routes.  The 
routes  encompass  North  Carolina  history,  geography  and  culture,  by  taking  motorists 
along  cascading  waterfalls,  rich  marshlands,  sheer  cUffs,  outdoor  dramas,  aquariums, 
museums,  old  battlegrounds  and  state  parks.  Varying  in  length  from  three  to  173  i 
miles,  the  designated  scenic  byways  cover  more  than  1,600  miles  of  North  Carolina 

roadways.  ( 

! 

Work  Zone  Safety  Program 

This  program  was  created  m  1990  to  focus  on  disseminating  safety  messages  ' 
to  its  target  audiences  by  using  diverse  and  creative  methods.  The  department  has 
created  campaign  slogans  that  focus  on  fatality  trends.  The  latest  slogan  is  "Drive  ; 
Smart;  Do  Your  Part,"  which  emphasizes  the  need  for  motorists  to  take  action  when  i 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

they  are  driving  through  work  zones.  Their  actions  can  affect  other  people's  lives. 
Buddy  Barrel  and  Connie  Cone  —  the  programs  mascots  —  are  used  as  an  outreach 
tool  to  engage  children  and  adults  alike  in  an  effort  to  increase  safety  awareness. 
Also,  the  department  partnered  with  the  American  Traffic  Safety  Services  Association 
(ATSSA)  to  produce  a  video  about  work  zone  safety  for  teen  drivers.  The  goal  of  the 
program  is  to  reduce  accidents  and  decrease  fatalities  in  North  Carolina  work  zones 
The  program  continues  to  use  creative  methods,  such  as  slogans  and  mascots,  to 
achieve  this  goal. 

Division  of  Motor  Vehicles 

The  Di\^sion  of  Motor  Vehicles  (DMV)  has  more  direct  contact  with  citizens 
than  any  other  state  agency.  This  division  serves  more  than  2.4  million  drivers  and 
registers  more  than  seven  million  vehicles  each  year. 

The  General  Assembly  created  the  State  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles  in  1941 
to  consolidate  services  previously  provided  by  the  Secretary  of  State  and  the 
Department  of  Revenue.  During  the  reorganization  of  the  executive  branch  in  1971, 
the  Department  of  Motor  Vehicles  became  a  division  under  the  Department  of 
Transportation.  The  Division  of  Motor  Vehicles  is  comprised  of  three  major  sections: 
Drivers  License,  Vehicle  Registration  and  License  &  Theft. 

The  Vehicle  Registration  Section  is  responsible  for  titling  and  licensing  16.5 
million  vehicles  and  collecting  over  $900  million  in  revenue  each  year.  It  manages 
the  operations  of  128  contract  Hcense  plate  agencies  located  throughout  the  state,  as 
well  as  the  state-operated  offices  in  Raleigh  and  Charlotte.  Vehicle  Registration  also 
administers  the  International  Registration  Plan  (IRP)  that  is  responsible  for  registering 
vehicles  in  the  trucking  industry  that  travel  both  interstate  and  intrastate.  The  IRP 
also  monitors  insurance  coverage  and  provides  administrative  support  for  mileage 
audits.  DMV  On-line  Services  has  led  the  way  for  state  governments  e-commerce 
initiatives.  Recent  enhancements  include  the  development  of  Internet  services  to 
inquire  on  personalized  plate  availability  and  to  order  personalized  and  special 
plates.  Other  on-line  services  include  registration  renewals,  duplicate  registration, 
International  Registration  Plan  registration  and  liability  insurance  services.  The  section 
has  also  implemented  a  process  that  enables  automobile  dealerships  to  directly 
input  transactions  into  the  sections  database. 

The  1980s  and  early  1990s  brought  some  major  changes  to  the  Driver  License 
Section.  All  offices  were  automated  to  promote  a  quick  exchange  of  information 
and  services.  DMV  also  established  a  commercial  driver  Hcense  program,  creating 
new  testing  and  Ucensing  standards  for  truckers.  Some  of  the  toughest  standards  in 
the  nation  for  proof  of  identification  were  implemented  to  combat  identity  theft  and 
fraud. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Traffic  Records  Branch  of  the  Drivers  License  Section  is  the  official  storehouse 
for  state  accident  reports.  All  law  enforcement  agencies  m  North  Carolina  hie 
reportable  accidents  with  this  section. 

The  School  Bus  and  Traffic  Safety  Branch  was  recognized  m  1991  as  the  nations 
most  outstanding  state  agency  teaching  defensive  driving.  This  branch  trains  school 
bus  drivers  and  supplements  a  passenger  safety  training  program  for  young  drivers, 
it  teaches  safe  driving  courses  for  drivers  with  excessive  points  on  their  driving 
records.  North  Carolina  is  one  of  the  hrst  states  m  the  nation  to  implement  new 
federal  standards  for  school  bus  drivers. 

In  2003,  The  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  transferred  the  functions  of  the 
DMV  Enforcement  Section  to  the  State  Highway  Patrol  of  the  N.C.  Department  of 
Crime  Control  and  Public  Safety.  The  primary  function  of  the  State  Highway  Patrol 
Enforcement  Section  is  to  promote  highway  safety  and  to  enforce  all  state  and  federal 
laws  regulating  motor  vehicle  and  commercial  vehicle  operations.  The  License  & 
Theft  Bureau  remains  under  the  Division  of  Motor  Vehicles  and  enforces  all  state 
and  federal  laws  which  regulate  motor  vehicle  operations,  theh  and  sales  and 
inspection  maintenance.  It  conducts  investigations  that  prevent  fraud,  imposition 
and  other  abuses.  The  bureau  conducts  criminal,  civil  and  administrative 
investigations  into  automotive  theft,  notice  and  stored  vehicles,  automotive  salvage, 
dealer  licensing,  drivers  license  fraud  and  identity  fraud,  ficensing  safety  inspections 
stations  and  mechanics,  odometer  fraud  and  speciaf  investigations. 

The  strong  emphasis  on  safet)'  m  the  Du'ision  of  Motor  Vehicles'  operations 
helps  make  North  Carolina's  roads  among  the  safest  m  the  nation.  As  the  number 
of  vehicles  and  drivers  continue  to  grow,  DMV  strives  to  serve  the  public  in  a 
courteous,  efhcient  and  professional  manner. 

Division  of  A\iation 

North  Carolina,  the  birthplace  of  modern  aviation  on  December  17,  1903,  has 
kept  pace  with  advancement  m  that  important  held  through  the  Division  of  Aviation. 
On  December  17th,  2003,  the  state  ceiebrated  the  100th  anniversarv  of  the  Wright 
Brothers'  historic  hrst  flight.  North  Carolina  has  nearly  16,000  licensed  pilots  and 
7,697  registered  civilian  aircraft.  In  addition,  all  branches  of  the  armed  semce  have 
aviation  facilities  in  North  Carolina. 

State  government  aviation  functions  hrst  began  in  1965  under  the  direction  of 
the  Department  of  Conservation  and  Devefopment.  In  1973,  responsibility  for 
aviation  was  transferred  to  the  Department  of  Transportation.  NCDOT's  Division  of 
Aviation  was  formally  established  one  year  later. 

The  Divasion  of  Aviation  provides  technical  assistance  and  funding  to  help  dex'elop 
and  improve  air  transportation  service  and  safety  throughout  the  state.  In  1989,  it  began 
administering  federal  funds  for  General  Aviation  airports  under  the  State  Block  Grant 
Program. 

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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

The  Dmsion  of  A\aation  is  now  in  the  process  of  completing  a  comprehensive 
revision  of  its  statewide  system  program.  The  division  is  using  Department  of 
Commerce  data  in  this  new  approach  for  the  system  plan.  The  purpose  of  this 
rc\ision  is  to  re-evaluate  the  pubUcly-owned  and  operated  airports  statewide  and 
provide  an  action  plan  for  airport  development  that  maximizes  limited  financial 
resources  for  system-wide  development,  concentrates  on  safety,  future  needs  and 
economic  growth.  The  division  currently  provides  grants  to  and  works  with  74 
publicly-owned  and  operated  airports,  nine  of  which  have  commercial  service  while 
the  remaining  65  are  general  a\aation.  In  addition,  there  are  more  than  300  privately- 
owned  airports  in  the  state. 

An  integral  part  of  the  aviation  program  is  the  Aeronautics  Council,  appointed 
li\'  the  governor  with  one  representative  from  each  congressional  district  plus  two 
ai-large  members.  The  council  serves  as  North  Carolina's  advisory  board  on  grants 
and  other  aviation  matters. 

Public  Transportation  Division 

Public  transportation  is  important  to  the  states  economy,  pro\iding  inexpensive, 
safe  and  convenient  alternatives  to  driving.  It  helps  build  a  skilled  workforce  by 
providing  access  to  education  and  ensures  the  success  of  public-private  partnerships 
like  Smart  Start. 

Public  transportation  is  essential  m  helping  low-income  citizens  get  to  work. 
For  senior  citizens,  people  with  disabilities  and  others  without  access  to  personal 
vehicles,  public  transportation  provides  a  \^tal  link  to  the  community.  Clients  of 
human  service  agencies  and  senior  citizens  centers  depend  on  public  transportation 
to  fulfill  everyday  needs,  especially  m  rural  areas.  Public  transport  is  crucial  to 
maintaining  quaUty  of  life  and  continued  economic  prosperity  throughout  the  state. 

Public  transportation  increases  the  efficiency  and  capacity  of  highways,  provides 
access  to  jobs  and  expands  labor  markets.  Public  transportation  systems  operate  in 
all  100  North  Carolina  counties  and  20  cities  across  the  state,  transporting  more 
than  48  million  passengers  each  year.  Choices  include  van-pooling,  rural  van  and 
urban  bus  services  with  plans  for  commuter  rail  service  in  the  Triangle  area  and  the 
Piedmont.  In  addition,  citizens  have  affordable  intercity  bus  service  between  many 
towns  and  cities  across  the  state. 

Rail  Division 

Rail  has  long  been  a  fundamental  component  of  North  Carolina's  transportation 
•network.  For  nearly  three  decades,  the  department  has  worked  to  promote,  preserve 
and  develop  the  state's  railroads  as  a  part  of  an  efficient  multi-model  transportation 
network  by  investing  significant  funds  to  develop  and  improve  both  freight  and 
passenger  rail  services.  Top  priorities  for  the  Rail  Division  include  improving  safety 
at  railroad-highway  crossings,  preserving  and  modernizing  railroad  tracks, 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

purchasing  inactix'c  rail  corridors  and  providing,  marketing  and  improving  state- 
sponsored  mtercily  passenger  rail  service. 

The  division  works  with  communities  across  the  state  to  make  rail-highway 
crossings  safer.  Therough  the  Sealed  Corridor  Program,  the  state  has  protected  every 
public  crossing  between  Raleigh  and  Charlotte  with  tour-quadrant  gates,  median 
barriers  and/or  long  gate  arms  that  "seal"  the  corridor  and  help  prevent  crossing 
accidents  and  latalities. 

hi  1998,  North  Carolina  invested  $71  million  to  purchase  the  remaining  private 
shares  ot  the  state-owned  North  Carolina  Railroad.  Owning  the  317-mile  railroad 
that  stretches  through  the  heart  of  the  state  from  Charlotte  to  Greensboro,  Raleigh 
and  Morehead  City  gives  the  state  a  unique  asset  and  opportunity  to  shape  the 
future  of  passenger  and  freight  rail  services.  In  the  past  tv^'o  years,  the  Rail  Division 
invested  $25  million  m  trrack  improvements  between  Raleigh  and  Greensboro  to 
improve  safety,  capacity  and  reliability  on  the  railroad.  The  improvements  will  reduce 
travel  time  b)'  more  than  30  minutes  and  help  ensure  that  both  treight  and  passenger 
trains  can  operate  etiiciently  along  one  ot  the  Souths  busiest  railroads.  The  division  [ 
also  administers  a  revitalization  program  to  maintain  senice  on  light-density  branch  I 
lines  and  purchases  inactive  rail  corridors  to  protect  them  from  abandonment  and 
presence  them  for  future  use. 

Twelve  passenger  trains  provide  daily  service  along  six  routes  to  16  North 
Carolina  cities  and  towns.  In  addition,  a  new  shuttle  offers  easy  connections  between 
the  High  Point  station  and  dowTitown  Winston-Salem.  North  Carolina s  state-owned 
Piedmont  provides  daily  round-trip  serMce  from  Raleigh  to  Charlotte.  The  Cayoliman 
provides  daily,  round-trip  passenger  service  along  the  same  route  from  Charlotte  lo 
Raleigh  with  continuing  service  to  Washington,  D.C.,  and  New  York  City.  Both 
trains  are  jointly  operated  by  NCDOT  and  Amtrak.  Four  long-distance  passenger 
trains  —  the  Crescent,  Silver  Meteor,  Silver  Star  and  Palmetto  —  travel  through  the 
state  providing  service  to  destinations  throughout  the  country  The  Rail  Division 
has  been  working  hard  to  renovate  historic  stations,  develop  new  multi-modal 
transportation  centers  and  make  traveling  more  comfortable  and  easier.  In  recent 
years,  stations  have  been  restored  in  Burlington,  hlamlet,  High  Point,  Rocky  Mount, , 
Salisbury,  Selma,  Southern  Pines  and  Wilson  and  a  new  station  has  been  built  in 
Kannapolis.  In  2005,  train  sendee  will  return  to  the  newly-restored  Greensboro' 
depot. 

In  1992,  the  U.S.  Department  of  Transjiortation  designated  the  Washington,, 
D.C.,  to  Charlotte  rail  corridor  as  one  of  hve  national  high-speed  rail  corridors.  Ten. 
years  later,  the  NCDOT  Rail  Division  completed  the  Rrst  round  of  environmental, 
studies  and  recei\'ed  tederal  approval  on  the  Southeast  High  Speed  Rail  Route.  Thei 
division  is  now  conducting  more  detailed  environmental  studies  needed  to  secure 
permits  and  begin  construction  on  the  high-speed  rail  corridor  that  will  connect 
Washington,  D.C.,  with  Richmond,  Va.,  Raleigh  and  Charlotte. 


352 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Ferry  Division 

The  Ferry  Division  is  the  second  largest  state-owned  and  operated  ferry  system 
in  the  United  States  and  one  of  the  oldest  services  provided  by  NCDOT.  The  state 
began  subsidizing  a  few  private  ferry  shuttle  routes  in  1934.  The  state 
transportation  department  started  regular  ferry  service  operations  in  1947.  Given 
division  status  in  1974,  the  Ferry  Division  owns  and  operates  24  vessels  along 
North  Carolina's  coast.  It  also  maintains  an  in-house  shipyard  at  Manns  Harbor 
for  all  repair  work. Each  year  nearly  2.5  million  residents  and  visitors  ride  the 
ferries. 

Division  of  Bicycle  and  Pedestrian  Transportation 

Walking  is  the  most  universal  form  of  transportation  and  bicycling  continues 
to  be  a  steadily-growing  mode  of  transportation  m  North  Carolina. 
Accommodations  for  walking  and  bicycling  have  the  fewest  negative  impacts  on 
the  environment  while  offering  excellent  countermeasures  to  our  states  problems 
with  air  quality. 

North  Carolina  has  more  than  5,000  miles  of  designated  bicycle  routes,  mostly 
along  lightly-traveled,  scenic  country  roads. The  Division  of  Bicycle  and  Pedestrian 
Transportation  has  developed  the  nations  largest  network  of  mapped  and  signed 
bicycling  highways.  Each  year  many  thousands  of  out-of-state  visitors  join  residents 
of  North  Carolinain  riding  on  sections  of  the  states  bike  route  network  at  the  coast, 
in  the  piedmont  and  in  the  mountains. 

The  Division  of  Bicycle  and  Pedestrian  Transportation  is  the  nations  most 
comprehensive  state  DOT  bicycle  and  pedestrian  program  offering  planning,  design, 
funding,  mapping  and  safety  education  components  in  support  of  the  state  s  growing 
on-road  and  off-road  facilities.  Greenways,  rail  trails,  multi-use  trails,  bike  lanes, 
wide  paved  shoulders,  overpasses  and  underpasses  are  examples  of  construction 
projects  in  towns  and  cities  throughout  the  state  that  are  being  planned,  designed 
and  funded  by  this  division.  It  serves  an  integral  role  in  ensuring  that  new  highways 
and  bridges  have  appropriate  accommodations  for  bicyclists  and  pedestrians. 


Boards  and  Commissions 

North  Carolina  Aeronautics  Council 

North  Carolina  Bicycle  Committee 
North  Carolina  Board  of  Transportation 
North  Carolina  Rail  Advisory  Council 

For  further  information  about  the  Department  of  Transportation,  call  (919) 
733-2522  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  www.ncdot.org 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Walter  Lyndo  Tippett 

Secretary  of  Transportation 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Emit,  Johnston  County,  on  September 
30,  1939  to  Bruce  and  Cenie  Whitley  Tippett. 

EducatknialBacJzgrxnuid 

Graduate,  Corinth  Holders  High  School,  Zebulon, 
1957;  Attended  the  University  of  North  Carolina 
at  Chapel  Hill;  B.S.  m  Accounting,  Barton  College, 
1963. 

Political  Activities 

Secretary  ot  Transportation,  2001 -Present. 

Busijicss/Pixjfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or 
Community  Service  Organizations 

AlCPA;  NCCPA;  Trustee,  Methodist  College. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Member,  N.C.  Board  of  Transportation,  1993-2001;  Chair,  Fayetteville  Chamber 
of  Commerce;  Chair,  Fayetteville  Public  Works  Commission,  1988-96. 

Military  Service 

SU.S.  Army  Reser\'es,  1963-69. 

Honors  andAwards 

NCCPA  Public  Service  Award;  Fayetteville  Realtors  Cup. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Lou  P  Tippett.  Two  children.  Member,  Haymount  United  Methodist 
Church.  i 


Seaetaries  of  Transportation' 

Name 

Residence 

Fred  M.  Mills,  Jr.- 

Anson 

Bruce  A.  Lentz^ 

Wake 

Troy  A.  Doby^ 

Jacob  F  Alexander,  Jr.^ 

Rowan 

G.  Perry  Greene,  Sr." 

Watauga 

Thomas  W  Bradshaw,  Jr.' 

Wake 

William  R.  Roberson,  Jr." 

Beaufort 

James  E.  Harrington'^ 

Wake 

Thomas  J.  Harrelson^'' 

Brunswick 

R.  Samuel  Hunt,  111 

Alamance 

Garland  Garrett 

Wake 

Tevm 

1971- 

1973- 

1974- 

1975- 

1976- 

1977- 

1981- 

1985- 

1989- 

1993- 

1995- 


1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
1981 
1985 
1989 
1993 
1995 
1998 


354 


ih 


THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 

Secretaries  of  Transportation^  (continued) 

E.  Norris  Tolson  Edgecombe  1998-1999 

David  T.  McCoy^^  Orange  1999-2000 

Walter  L>'ndo  Tippett  Cumberland  2001 -Present 

^  The  Executive  Organization  Act  of  1971  created  the  "Department  of  Transportation 
and  Highway  Safety"  with  provision  for  a  "secretary"  appointed  by  the  governor. 
In  1977  "Highway  Safety"  was  dropped. 

^    Mills  was  appointed  by  Governor  Scott. 

^  Lentz  was  appointed  on  January  5,  1973,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Mills.  He  resigned  June  30,  1974,  following  his  appointment  as  Secretary  of 
Administration. 

"^  Doby  was  appointed  on  July  1,  1974,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace  Lentz. 
He  resigned  April  25,  1975. 

5  Alexander  was  appointed  on  April  25,  1975,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Doby.  He  resigned  effective  April  20,  1976. 

^  Greene  was  appointed  on  April  20,  1976,  by  Governor  Holshouser  to  replace 
Alexander. 

'^  Bradshaw  was  appointed  on  January  10,  1977,  by  Governor  Hunt  to  replace 
Greene.  He  resigned  effective  June  30,  1981. 

^    Roberson  was  appointed  July  1,  1981,  to  replace  Bradshaw. 

^  Harrington  was  appointed  January  7,  1985,  by  Governor  Martin  to  replace 
Roberson. 

^°  Harrelson  was  appointed  by  Governor  Martin  on  December  15,  1989  to  replace 
Harrington. 

"  McCoy  was  appointed  by  Governor  Hunt  and  sworn  into  ofhce  on  June  29, 
1999. 


355 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Office  of  the  State  Controller 

In  1986,  the  Office  of  the  State  Controller  (OSC)  was  created  by  the  General 
Assembly.  The  agency's  head,  the  State  Controller,  is  appointed  by  the  governor  and 
confirmed  by  the  General  Assembly  for  a  seven-year  term.  Farris  W  Womack  vv^as 
North  Carolina's  tirst  slate  controller  and  served  from  February,  1987,  to  1988.  I 
Fred  Wesley  Talton  served  from  1988  to  1993.  Edvv'ard  Renfrow  sensed  from  1993 
to  2001.  Current  State  Controller,  Robert  L.  Powell,  assumed  olhce  on  July  1, 
2001. 

The  State  Controller  is  the  states  chief  financial  officer  and  manages  the  North 
Carolina  Accounting  System  (NCAS).  The  State  Controller  prescribes  policies  and 
procedures  that  support  the  NCAS  and  accomplish  financial  reporting  and 
management  of  the  states  financial  entity.  The  purpose  of  the  NCAS  is  to  maintain, 
lor  the  benefit  of  central  and  agency  managers,  timely,  reliable,  accurate,  consistent 
and  complete  financial,  budgetary  and  management  information  on  North  Carolina 
state  government.  Three  major  divisions  comprise  the  Office  of  the  State  Controller: 

Statewide  Accounting  Division 

The  Statewide  Accounting  Division  is  responsible  for  day-to-day  and  procedural 
control  of  agencies  operating  within  the  NCAS  environment.  The  division  estabfishes 
and  provides  systems  control  over  NCAS  to  ensure  that  all  financial  transactions 
are  entered,  balanced  and  reconciled.  This  division  also  researches  technical 
accounting  standards  and  incorporates  these  standards  into  financial  reporting  on 
the  state  entity  and  provides  daily,  monthly,  quarterl)'  and  annual  reporting  on  the 
financial  condition  and  results  of  operations  of  the  state  entity  Another  major 
responsibility  involves  administering  electronic  commerce  initiati\'es  and  the 
statewide  cash  management  program,  which  includes  statewide  appropriation  and 
allotment  control.  In  addition,  the  division  operates  a  central  payroll  system,  a 
Flexible  Benefit  Program  and  provides  tax  compliance,  cost  allocation  and  disbursing 
services  to  state  agencies. 

Financial  Systems  Division 

The  Financial  Systems  Division  designs,  develops,  implements  and  maintains 
the  policies,  procedures  and  software  that  form  the  North  Carolina  Accounting 
System  (NCAS).  It  provides  agency  implementation,  lunctional  and  technical  systems 
administration,  cfient  support,  and  maintenance  of  NCAS.  NCAS  uses  financial 
software  and  includes  the  following  modules:  General  Ledger,  Budgetary  Control, 
Purchasing,  Inventory,  Accounts  Payable,  Accounts  Receivable,  Fixed  Assets,  Project 
Tracking  and  Financial  Controller  database  modules.  NCAS  provides  information 
access  through  the  use  of  the  mainframe-based,  on-line,  real-time  inquiries;  report 
generator  soltware;  sottware  that  provides  on-line  report  viewing  and  printing 
capabilities  and  client/server-based  decision  support  sofiware. 


356 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Administration  Division 

This  division  is  responsible  for  the  overall  support  of  the  Office  of  the  State 
Controller  (OSC).  Services  include;  Business  Services,  which  represents  a  broad 
range  of  accounting  functions  including  accounts  payable,  accounts  receivable,  fixed 
assets,  budgeting,  purchasing,  maintenance  of  the  accounting  system,  financial 
reporting,  switchboard  operator/receptionist  duties  and  building  security  and 
maintenance;  and  Personnel  Services,  which  includes  recruitment/selection, 
employee  benefits,  maintenance  of  personnel  records,  employee  relations  and 
personnel  policies  and  procedures.  The  division  operates  Risk  Mitigation  Services, 
providing  independent  risk  assessments  of  the  various  functions  and  operations 
statewide,  as  well  as  internally  to  OSC,  through  statewide  internal  control  compliance 
reviews,  internal  audits  (information  systems,  financial  and  performance  audits) 
and  special  investigations.  This  section  implements  an  information  security  program 
and  coordinates  OSCs  business  continuity/disaster  recovery  efforts.  External 
Communications  and  Administrative  Services  provides  legislative  coordination, 
public  records  compliance  and  media  and  pubHc  inquir)^  response. 

For  more  information  about  the  Office  of  the  State  Controller,  call  (919)  981- 
5454  or  visit  the  departments  Web  site  at  wva\^.osc. state. nc. us. 


Robert  L  Powell 

State  Controller 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Oxford,  Gran\alle  County,  July  20,  1949,  to 
James  B.  and  Mittie  Belle  Riggan  Powell. 

EducationalBackground 

Graduate,  J.P  Webb  High  School,  Oxford,  1967;  B.S. 
in  Business  Administration,  Atlantic  Christian  (Barton) 
College,  1971. 

ProfessionalBackground 

State  Controller. 

Business/Professionalf  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

National  Association  of  State  Auditors,  Comptrollers  and  Treasurers  National 
Association  of  Budget  Officers;  National  Association  of  State  Comptrollers. 

Honors  andAwards 

Order  of  the  Long  Leaf  Pine;  2001  Barry  K.  Sanders  Special  Lifetime  Achievement 
Award;  Past  President,  National  Association  of  State  Budget  Officers. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Terry  Rary  Powell;  four  children;  Soapstone  United  Methodist  Church. 


357 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

State  Controllers 

Name  Residence  Term 

Farris  W  Womack  1987-1988 

Fred  Wesley  Talton  Wake  1988-1993 

Edward  Renfrew  Johnston  1993-2001 

Robert  L.  Powell  Wake  2001 -Present 


358 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

State  Board  of  Elections 

The  framework  of  North  Carohna's  election  laws  was  constructed  in  1901, 
revised  substantially  in  1933  and  again  in  1967.  Along  with  these  changes  came 
the  important  audit  trail  to  ensure  voters  that  elections  were  wtually  free  from 
fraud. 

In  1969  the  General  Assembly  adopted  full-time  offices  in  the  states  100  counties 
for  voter  registration  and  election  administration.  Then,  m  1971,  North  Carolina 
implemented  a  uniform  municipal  election  code  to  guarantee  that  state  voters  need 
only  register  one  time  at  one  place  to  quaUfy  to  vote  in  any  election  in  which  they 
were  eligible  to  vote.  In  1993,  Gary  O.  Bartlett  was  appointed  Executive  Director, 
becoming  the  third  person  to  serve  in  that  capacity. 

In  1994,  the  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  adopted  N.C.  General  Statute 
Article  7Ato  comply  vvdth  the  National  Voter  Registration  Act  of  1993  (NVRA)  and 
the  state  board  successfully  initiated  mail-in  voter  registration,  a  procedure  that 
simpUfied  the  voter  registration  process  for  all  North  Carolinians.  An  agency  voter 
registration  program  followed  in  January,  1995,  allowing  citizens  to  register  to  vote 
when  receiving  various  agency  services.  The  State  Board  of  Elections  provides  voter 
registration  forms  to  more  than  500  designated  voter  registration  sites  throughout 
the  state.  The  "No  Excuse"  Absentee  One-Stop  voting  provision  was  implemented 
in  2000  and  2002,  enabling  voters  to  vote  on  a  date  more  convenient  to  them  than 
the  day  of  the  election,  either  by  mail  or  at  the  designated  voting  location.  The 
General  Assembly  significantly  changed  the  process  of  administration  of  election 
law,  directing  the  state  board  to  promulgate  rules  to  implement  the  changes.  In 
addition,  voting  was  made  easier  for  miUtary  service  members  and  their  dependents 
abroad.  The  process  uses  a  combination  of  facsimile  and  electronic  mail  for  election 
materials  and  ballots. 

The  General  Assembly  made  the  State  Board  of  Elections  an  independent  agency 
in  1974.  The  five  members  on  the  State  Board  of  Elections  are  appointed  by  the 
governor  for  a  term  of  four  years.  No  more  than  three  members  of  the  same  political 
party  may  serve  at  any  time.  This  requirement  makes  North  Carolina's  Board  of 
Elections  the  only  such  state  elections  agency  where  bipartisan  membership  is 
mandated  by  law.  The  board  recommends  any  necessary  or  advisable  changes  in 
the  administration  of  primaries  and  general  elections  to  the  governor  and  the  General 
Assembly  of  North  Carolina. 

The  State  Board  of  Elections  is  comprised  of  three  functional  units: 


359 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Administration 

This  unit  includes  general  supervision  of  100  county  boards  of  election  and 
four  municipal  boards  of  election  m  administering  elections  and  related  laws, 
certilying  election  results,  voter  outreach,  voter  registration,  absentee  voting, 
education/training,  investigations/audits  and  legal  matters. 

Campaign  Repotting 

This  unit  includes  public  education;  assistance  to  candidates,  political  committee 
treasurers  and  county/municipal  boards  of  elections  and  staffs;  investigating 
complaints;  conducting  research  and  preparing  analyses  m  preparation  for  the  state 
board  to  hold  evidentiar}'  hearings;  providing  for  electronic  hlmg;  and  conducting 
trainm^j;. 

Infonnation  Systems 

This  unit  includes  implementing  and  maintaining  a  State  Election  Information 
Management  System  (SEIMS);  providing  assistance  to  counties;  and  providing    | 
statewide  election  data  to  the  public.  1 

In  1995,  the  State  Board  of  Elections  olticially  created  the  North  Carolina  State  I 
Board  of  Elections  Certification  m  Elections  Program  with  an  appointed  Certification 
Board.  The  program  is  a  means  of  enhancing  election  expertise;  providing  uniformity  I 
and  equal  application  of  laws  throughout  the  state;  raising  the  level  of  professionalism 
of  elections  otticials  and  encouraging  them  to  expand  their  knowledge  through 
continuing  education  by  meeting  stringent  requirements  to  become  ccrtilied.  Eor 
further  instruction,  three  training  videos  entitled  Nine  Steps  to  a  Successful  Heaving, 
Mamtaimn'-'  the  Publics  Trust  and  Accessible  Precincts  Mcdn  Accessible  Elections.  The 
Ccrtilication  m  Elections  Program  continues  to  grow  and  expand  by  having  the 
staff  ol  the  State  Board  of  Elections  develop  on-line  courses  and  with  the  possibility 
of  branching  out  to  include  precinct  ofhcials  as  a  certified  group. 

The  State  Board  ol  Elections  undertakes  various  other  duties  and  responsibilities.    , 
The  state  board  appoints  all  100  county  boards  of  election,  which  are  comprised  of 
three  members.  State  law  requires  that  both  major  political  parties  be  represented 
on  the  county  boards.  Each  county  board  has  a  director  of  elections  who  serves  as 
the  administrative  head  of  the  board  of  elections  and  guides  the  election  process  in  i 
each  county. 

The  State  Board  ol  Elections  supervises  all  elections  conducted  in  any  county, 
special  district  or  municipality  in  North  Carolina.  There  are  100  counties,  more 
than  500  municipalities  and  approximately  1,200  special  districts  in  North  Carolina. 
The  state  board  develops  rules  and  regulations  that  govern  each  election,  including 
procedures  for  processing  protests  and  complaints  resulting  either  belore  or  alter 
an  election.  Protests  are  filed  with  the  county  board  ol  elections  oi  the  county  m  i 
which  the  protest  originates,  followed  by  a  public  hearing  on  the  complaint  and  a  J 

i 
I 

360  ' 


THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 

decision  to  either  uphold  or  deny  the  complaint.  Decisions  rendered  by  a  county 
board  of  elections  may  be  appealed  to  the  State  Board  of  Elections.  For  good  cause, 
the  state  board  may  order  a  new  primary,  general  or  special  election. 

The  State  Board  of  Elections  determines  the  form  and  content  of  ballots, 
instruction  sheets,  abstracts  and  returns,  certificates  of  elections  and  other  forms 
used  in  primary  and  general  elections  and  certifies  all  voting  equipment.  The  Voting 
Rights  Act  of  1965  requires  election  entities  to  ensure  that  racial  or  ethnic  minorities 
have  equal  access  and  opportunity  to  participate  in  elections.  With  the  state's 
increasing  Latino  population,  voter  registration  forms,  instructions  and  other  election- 
related  documents  are  now  provided  in  Spanish. 

To  improve  the  states  compliance  with  regard  to  physical  access  to  polling 
places  and  standards  with  regards  to  voting  equipment,  an  extensive  education  and 
training  effort  was  put  forth  by  state  board  staff.  The  training  video  developed  by 
the  staff  assists  in  training  precinct  ofhcials  in  providing  services  to  voters  with 
special  needs.  Nearly  all  2,810  polling  places  were  evaluated  prior  to  the  November, 
2000,  election  and  the  results  published  on  the  boards  web  site.  The  evaluation  is 
a  necessary  component  in  complying  with  federal  laws  such  as  the  Voting  Rights 
Act  of  1965,  the  Voting  Accessibility  for  the  Elderly  and  the  Handicapped  Act  and 
the  Americans  with  Disabilities  Act  of  1990  (ADA). 

In  1999  the  hrst  state-developed,  statewide  election  information  system  (SEIMS) 
was  implemented.  SEIMS  connects  all  100  counties  through  a  consolidated  system 
and  statewide  database  connected  through  the  statewide  area  network.  This  faciUtates 
the  exchange  of  electronic  information  between  all  the  counties.  The  major  functions 
of  SEIMS  are  to  use  the  applications  for  local  county  processing  of  day-to-day 
business  activities,  support  for  electronic  campaign  finance  reporting  and  support 
of  statewide  functions,  such  as  checking  voter  registration  information  via  the  boards 
web  site.  Integrated  into  SEIMS  are  standardized  forms  relating  to  voter  registration, 
reporting  mechanisms  and  absentee  voting  that  ensures  all  counties  are  current  on 
laws  and  regulations  relating  to  the  conduct  of  elections  and  information  provided 
to  the  pubUc.  SEIMS  has  been  instrumental  with  list  maintenance  by  identifying 
and  removing  inactive  and  ineligible  voters. 

For  more  information  about  the  State  Board  of  Elections,  call  (919)  733-7173 
or  \isit  the  board's  web  site  at  www.sboe.state.nc.us. 


361 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


GaryO.Bartlett 

Executi\e  Director/ Secretary 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Goldsboro,  Wayne  County,  June  27, 
1954,  10  Oz  and  Carolyn  Lassiter  Barllett. 

EducationalBackgtxnmjd 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  B.A., 
1976,  History 

PiX)fessionalBacfiground 

Executive  Secretary/Director,  State  Board  of 
Elections,  1993-Present. 

Political  Activities 

Legislative  Assistant  to  Congressman  H.  Martin 
Lancaster,  1990-93. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Seruice  Organizations 

Board  Member,  Election  Center,  1998-Present;  Co-Chair,  National  Task  Force  of 
Election  Accessibility,  1999-Present. 


362 


THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 

Office  of  Administrative  Hearings 

The  Office  of  Administrative  Hearings  (OAH)  is  an  independent,  quasi-judicial 
agency  which  was  estabUshed  by  the  General  Assembly  in  1985  to  provide  a  source 
of  independent  Administrative  Law  Judges  (ALJs)  to  preside  in  state  administrative 
law  proceedings.  The  enabling  legislation  is  found  in  G.S.  7A-150  et  seq.  and 
references  Article  III,  Section  11  and  Article  IV,  Section  3  of  the  North  Carolina 
Constitution  as  authority  for  the  establishment  of  the  office.  Following  the 
constitutional  precept  of  separation  of  powers,  OAH  was  created  to  ensure  that  the 
legislative,  executive  and  judicial  functions  were  not  combined  in  the  same 
administrative  process  to  protect  the  due  process  rights  of  its  citizens.  As  a 
consequence  of  this  policy,  North  Carolina  operates  under  what  is  referred  to  as  the 
"central  panel"  system  of  administrative  adjudication.  Simply  stated,  this  means 
that  the  Administrative  Law  Judges  are  employed  independently  of  the  agency  that 
investigates  and  prefers  charges  against  the  regulated  parties.  As  a  result,  there  is  no 
perception  of  a  conflict  or  interference  from  the  agency  which  is  a  party  to  the 
contested  case  hearing. 

OAH's  central  panel  adjudicatory  functions  are  found  in  N.C.  General  Statute 

150B,  Article  3  of  the  Administrative  Procedure  Act  (APA),  but  OAH  has  concurrent 

jurisdiction  with  certain  autonomous  agencies,  primarily  professional  and 

occupational  Ucensing  boards,  under  the  parallel  adjudicatory  procedures  set  out 

in  Article  3A.  In  contrast  to  Article  3A,  Article  3  confers  in  OAH  the  exclusive 

jurisdiction  over  contested  case  hearings  involving  most  of  North  Carolina's  state 

,  agencies.  Article  3  provides  the  jurisdiction  for  a  broad  range  of  cases  arising  out  of 

i  public  employment,  alcoholic  beverage  control,  environmental  permitting  and 

i  penalties,  child  day  care  and  nursing  homes,  hospital  certificates  of  need,  competitive 

j  bidding  for  state  projects  and  special  education  in  public  schools. 

Besides  administrative  hearings,  there  are  two  other  major  functions  of  OAH. 
The  first  deals  with  the  procedures  that  govern  rulemaking  in  North  Carolina.  Article 
2A  of  the  Administrative  Procedure  Act  (APA)  (Chapter  150B)  provides  for  a  uniform 
procedure  for  the  adoption  of  emergency,  temporary  and  permanent  rules  and 
authorizes  OAH  to  publish  the  North  Carolina  Register  and  the  North  Carolina 
Administrative  Code.  Except  for  exemptions  found  in  G.S.  150B-l(d),  all  state  agencies 
are  required  to  follow  this  uniform  procedure  for  publishing  notice  of  proposed 
rules,  conducting  pubUc  rulemaking  hearings  and  receiving  public  opinion  and 
filing  emergency,  temporary  and  permanent  rules  for  codification. 

OAHs  Chief  Administrative  Law  Judge  is  the  Codifier  of  Rules.  Under  certain 
emergency  conditions,  agencies  may  adopt  emergency  rules.  As  mandated  by  G.S. 
150B-21.1A,  the  Codifier  must  review  the  agency's  written  statement  of  findings  of 
need  for  the  emergency  rule  to  determine  if  the  findings  meet  the  criteria  for  an 
emergency  rule  before  the  rule  is  entered  into  the  Code. 


363 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

OAH  is  responsible  for  compiling  and  distributing  the  North  Carolina  Register 
and  the  North  Carolina  Administrative  Code.  The  North  Carolina  Register  must,  by 
law,  be  published  at  least  twice  monthly.  The  Register  typically  contains  temporary 
rules  entered  mto  the  Code,  the  text  of  proposed  rules  and  the  text  of  permanent 
rules  approved  by  the  Rules  Review  Commission,  emergency  rules  entered  into  the 
Code  executive  orders  of  the  governor,  an  index  to  published  contested  case  decisions  ! 
issued  by  OAH  and  other  notices  required  by  or  affecting  G.S.  150B.  The  North  ; 
Carolina  Adnunistrative  Code  is  a  compilation  of  administrative  rules  adopted  by 
approximately  26  state  agencies  and  50-plus  occupational  licensing  boards.  Both 
documents  are  available  on  the  OAH  web  site. 

The  staff  of  the  Rules  Review  Commission  was  transferred  back  to  the  OAH 
effective  October  1,  2004.  The  Rules  Review  Commissions  statutory  functions  are  , 
also  found  m  Article  2A  of  the  APA.  The  commission  is  responsible  for  the  review 
of  all  proposed  administrative  rules  prior  to  their  becoming  effective  and  to  ensure  j 
compliance  with  the  rule-making  procedures  ot  Article  2A. 

The  other  major  function  of  OAH  is  found  under  the  provisions  of  G.S.  7A-  i 
759  wherein  the  Office  of  Administrative  Hearings  is  designated  as  a  706  deferral  j 
agency  of  the  Equal  Employment  Opportunity  Commission.  The  Civil  Rights 
Division  of  OAH  is  charged  with  the  investigation  of  alleged  acts  of  discrimination 
and  other  related  unlawful  employment  practices  for  charges  tiled  by  state  and  local 
government  employees  covered  under  the  State  Personnel  Act  (Chapter  126).  The  i 
director  of  this  division  is  also  assigned  the  duty  to  confer,  conciliate  or  resolve  the  : 
civil  rights  charges  filed  with  OAH.  In  the  event  that  these  informal  procedures  do 
not  produce  a  settlement  for  meritorious  charges,  OAHs  Administrative  Law  Judges 
are  empowered  to  grant  full  relief  through  a  contested  case  hearing  process.  In 
addition  to  the  EEOC  deferral  investigations,  the  General  Assembly  also  granted  the 
Civil  Rights  Division  the  investigative  responsibilities  for  claims  of  political 
discrimination  m  hiring  under  G.S.  126-14.4  of  the  State  Personnel  Act.  After 
investigation  and  determination  of  probable  cause  by  the  Civil  Rights  Division,  the 
employee  may  file  a  contested  case  m  the  Hearings  Division  of  OAH.  This  statute 
also  authorized  a  new  cause  of  action  under  the  State  Personnel  Act  for  political 
discrimination  m  hiring  and  promotion. 

For  more  information  about  the  Ofhce  of  Administrative  Hearings,  call  (9U^) 
733-2698  or  visit  the  ofhces  Web  site  at  w^ww. ncoah.com  or  e-mail  the  office  at 
oah.postmaster@ncmail.net. 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 

Off  ice  of  State  Personnel 

North  Carolina's  state  government  did  not  have  a  systematic  or  uniform 
personnel  system  prior  to  1925.  There  was  no  equality  or  consistency  in  the 
administration  of  personnel  policies.  The  General  Assembly  appropriated  money 
in  a  lump  sum  to  each  agency  and  agency  heads  allocated  it  for  operating  expenses 
and  salaries.  Each  agency  set  pay  rates  for  its  workers  until  1907,  when  the  legislature 
assumed  authority  over  personnel  matters,  including  acting  on  pay  increases  for 
individual  employees.  In  1921,  the  General  Assembly  turned  salary  administration 
over  to  the  governor  and  the  Council  of  State,  resulting  in  the  establishment  of  a 
"Salary  Standardization  Board." 

In  1925,  the  General  Assembly  established  a  five-member  Salary  and  Wage 
Commission.  The  commission  found  that  in  addition  to  inequitable  salaries,  there 
was  a  lack  of  uniformity  among  the  various  state  government  agencies  in  ofhce 
hours,  leave,  holidays  and  job  entrance  requirements.  The  commission  set 
classifications  for  all  positions,  grouped  positions  with  similar  duties  together  and 
established  minimum  and  maximum  salary  ranges.  Agency  heads  determined  salaries. 
A  1931  law  abolished  the  Salary  and  Wage  Commission  and  established  a 
Department  of  Personnel  within  the  Office  of  the  Governor  to  handle  classification, 
compensation  and  personnel  policies.  In  1933,  these  duties  were  transferred  to  the 
Budget  Bureau  and  the  Department  of  Personnel  was  abohshed.  From  1933  to 
1949,  with  no  staff  to  deal  exclusively  wiih  personnel  problems,  a  great  disparity 
in  personnel  standards  once  again  developed  between  agencies. 

In  1938,  a  Supervisor  of  Merit  Examinations  was  appointed  to  prepare  a 
classification  plan  and  administer  examinations  for  the  N.C.  Unemployment 
Compensation  Commission  as  required  by  the  Social  Security  Act  of  1935.  The  act 
was  amended  in  1939  to  include  merit  system  coverage  for  other  state  agencies 
subsidized  by  federal  funds.  A  Merit  System  Council  was  formed  to  administer 
federal  regulations  and  poHcies  regarding  competitive  examinations,  job  standards 
and  pay. 

The  State  Personnel  Act  of  1949  established  a  State  Personnel  Department  with 
a  personnel  council  and  a  director.  The  law  also  required  each  agency  to  designate 
a  personnel  officer.  From  1939  until  1965,  the  Merit  System  Council  and  the  State 
Personnel  Department  operated  independently  of  one  another.  In  1965,  the  General 
Assembly  passed  a  new  State  Personnel  Act  that  consoUdated  the  two  agencies  and 
created  a  seven-member  State  Personnel  Board.  Between  1965  and  1975,  a  number 
of  revisions  and  additions  were  made  to  the  act.  The  General  Assembly  significantly 
revised  the  act  in  February  1976,  to  provide  for  a  seven-member  commission, 
rather  than  a  board.  The  new  commission  issued  binding  corrective  orders  in 
employee  grievance  appeals  procedures. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  Office  of  State  Personnel  (OSP)  sen'es  the  interest  of  state  employees,  manages 
programs  established  by  the  governor,  the  General  Assembh'  and  the  State  Personnel 
Commission  and  provides  specific  services  to  the  general  public.  OSP  seeks 
recommendations  and  input  from  the  Personnel  Roundtable,  which  is  made  up  of 
all  agenc)'  and  university  personnel  officers.  The  roundtable  meets  at  least  three 
times  a  )ear  to  participate  in  decisions  on  the  design  and  implementation  ot  the 
human  resources  system.  Other  statewide  committees  representing  various  disciplines 
concentrate  on  specihc  subject  areas.  Public  hearings  are  held  before  the  State 
Personnel  Commission  (SPC~)  for  further  input  and  discussion  of  proposed  policies. 
OSP  exercises  its  powers  under  the  State  Personnel  Act  CGeneral  Statute  126^  It  is 
the  administrative  arm  of  the  State  Personnel  Commission,  a  nine-member  group 
appointed  by  the  governor.  The  SPC  establishes  policies  and  procedures  governing 
personnel  programs  and  employment  practices  for  approximately  85,483  employees 
covered  by  the  State  Personnel  Act  and  over  31,797  local  government  employees  m 
federal  grant-in-aid  programs  that  are  subject  to  the  federal  standards  for  a  merit 
system  of  personnel  administration. 

The  Office  of  State  Personnels  organizational  design  features  a  service-oriented 
structure.  At  the  core  of  this  structure  are  four  consulting  groups,  led  b\'  Human 
Resources  Managing  Partners.  Each  of  the  four  consulting  groups  is  assigned  a 
group  of  agencies  and  universities  and  is  responsible  tor  providing  a  variety  ot 
human  resources  consulting  services  to  their  clients.  Human  Resources  Partners 
and  Human  Resources  Associates  are  assigned  to  each  consulting  group.  Human 
Resources  Partners  assigned  to  consulting  groups  function  as  generalists,  prox'idmg 
a  varietv  of  human  resources  consulting  serx'ices  to  their  clients.  In  addition,  some 
Human  Resource  Partners  retain  a  specialty  role  and  are  experts  m  their  specialty 
field.  Specialists  pro\'ide  training  to  other  Human  Resource  Partners  and  advise  on 
complex  issues  that  fall  into  their  specialty  area. 

In  addition  to  the  four  consulting  groups,  there  are  six  functions  staffed  to  the 
State  Personnel  Director:  Planning  and  Development,  Human  Resources  Information 
Systems,  Human  Resources  Development,  Operations  and  Total  Compensation, 
Human  Resources  Accountability  and  the  directors  administrati\'e  staff.  Within  these 
groups,  work  performed  is  more  internal  in  nature,  in\'olves  a  program  oversight 
role,  IS  largely  administrative  or  involves  support  to  the  consulting  groups. 

Consulting  Groups 

These  groups  provide  consulting  services  to  assigned  clients  on  the 
implementation  and  management  of  human  resources  programs  in  the  following 
areas:  classification  and  compensation,  organizational  design,  policy  administration, 
dispute  resolution,  employee  relations  (including  employee  assistance),  performance 
management,  competency  and  skill-based  pay  system  development,  FLSA,  safety 
and  health,  workers  compensation,  unemployment  insurance,  ec[ual  opportunity 


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THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 


services,  work  life  benefits,  recognition  programs,  recruitment  and  staffing  and 
workforce  planning. 

Operations  and  Total  Compensation:  Areas  of  responsibility  include 
purchasing,  personnel,  budget,  communications,  legislative  relations,  temporary 
solutions,  duplicating,  office  support,  benefits,  files  and  records,  work-life  programs, 
employee  recognition  programs,  the  State  Personnel  Commission  and  FLEX  program 
administration. 

Human  Resources  Information  System:  Responsibilities  include  the 
management  of  a  statewide  human  resources  information  system,  LAN  management 
and  internal  and  external  information  support,  as  well  as  new  product  development. 

Planning  and  Development:  Responsibilities  include  pohcy  development, 
human  resources  strategic  planning,  operational  planning  and  monitoring,  legislative 
proposals,  special  projects,  program  development,  research  and  internal  training 
plans. 

Human  Resources  Development:  Responsibilities  include  supervisory  and 
management  training,  professional  skills  training,  the  Public  Manager  Program, 
organizational  development,  performance  management,  education  assistance, 
enterprise-wide  licensing  and  providing  support,  input  and  services  for  internal 
staff  training  efforts. 

Human  Resources  Accountability:  ResponsibiHties  include  the  development 
and  implementation  of  programs  to  ensure  that  agencies  and  universities  remain  in 
compliance  with  human  resources  laws,  rules  and  regulations  and  that  human 
resources  programs  are  delivered  effectively  in  order  to  meet  organizational  needs. 

Thomas  H.Wright 

Director 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Southern  Pines,  Moore  County. 

EducationalBackground 

Jacksonville  High  School,  Jacksonville,  1967; 
University  of  North  CaroUna  at  Wilmington, 
B.A.,  Psychology  1971;  M.S.,  Rehabilitation 
Counseling,  East  Carolina  University,  1975; 
Certified  Public  Manager  Program  (with 
excellence),  1995;  American  Compensation 
Association  Certihcation  Program,  1999. 

ProfessionalBachground 

Director,  Office  of  State  Personnel,  2001- 
Present;  Personnel  Director,  N.C.  Department 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


ol  Justice,  1Q97-2001;  Section  Chief,  Office  of  State  Personnel,  1995-96;  Personnel 
Analyst,  Office  o'i  State  Personnel,  1978-95;  Personnel  Analyst,  N.C.  Memorial 
Hospital,  Chapel  Hill,  1977-78;  Personnel  Analyst,  Commonwealth  of  Virgmia, 
1977;  Personnel  Analyst,  Office  of  State  Personnel,  1976-77. 


State  Directors  of  Personnel 

Name 

Henr)'  Hilton 
John  W.  McDevitt 
Edwm  S.  Lanier 
Walter  E.  Fuller 
John  L..  Allen 
Claude  Caldwell 
Al  Boyles 
Harold  H.  Webb 
Richard  V  Lee 
Ronald  G.  Penny 
Thomas  H.  Wright 


Residence 

Term 

Wake 

1949-50 

Wake 

1950-61 

Wake 

1962-62 

Wake 

1962-63 

Wake 

1964-65 

Wake 

1965-74 

Wake 

1974-76 

Wake 

1977-85 

Mecklenburg 

1985-93 

Pasquotank 

1993-2000 

Wake 

2001 -Present 

368 


THE  COUNCIL  OF  STATE  AND  THE  EXECUTIVE  BRANCH   CHAPTER  FOUR 

Department  of  Juvenile  Justice  &  Delinquency  Prevention 

The  Department  of  Juvenile  Justice  and  Delinquency  Prevention  (DJJDP),  under 
the  leadership  of  Secretary  George  L.  Sweat,  was  established  in  July,  2000,  as  the 
first  cabinet-level  agency  to  focus  on  juvenile  justice  issues  and  at-risk  youth  in  the 
state.  Secretary  Sweat  has  served  since  the  agency's  creation. 

DJJDPs  mission  is  to  promote  public  safety  and  juvenile  delinquency 
prevention,  intervention  and  treatment  through  the  operation  of  a  seamless, 
comprehensive  juvenile  justice  system. 

DJJDP  carries  out  its  mission  by  providing  the  state  of  North  Carolina  with  a 
comprehensive  strategy  that  helps  prevent  and  reduce  juvenile  crime  and  delinquency. 
This  strategy  seeks  to  strengthen  families,  promote  delinquency  prevention,  support 
core  social  institutions,  intervene  immediately  and  effectively  when  delinquent 
behavior  occurs  and  identify  and  control  the  small  group  of  serious,  \^olent  and 
chronic  juvenile  offenders  in  local  communities. 

Approximately  94,000  youths  encounter  North  Carolina's  juvenile  justice  system 
each  year  through  interaction  with  Juvenile  Crime  Prevention  Council  services, 
community  programs,  juvenile  court  ser\ices  and  the  DJJDP  Center  for  the  Prevention 
of  School  Violence. 

Court  Services  and  Programming 

The  Department  of  Juvenile  Justice  and  Delinquency  Prevention  works  to  provide 
the  most  effective  services  to  youth  and  their  families  at  the  right  time  in  the  most 
appropriate  settings.  It  strives  to  build  a  continuous  system  of  care  so  that  youth 
!  can  be  sen^d  in  their  communities. 

In  2003,  juvenile  court  counselors  provided  intake  services  on  30,000  youths. 

'  At  intake,  court  counselors  receive  and  evaluate  all  complaints  made  against  a  youth. 

1  Complaints  are  made  by  law  enforcement  or  citizens,  and  are  referred  to  DJJDP  for 
possible  court  action.  They  determine  from  available  evidence  whether  there  are 
reasonable  grounds  to  believe  the  facts  alleged  m  the  complaint  are  true.  Court 

,  counselors  then  determine  whether  the  complaint  is  serious  enough  to  warrant 

.  court  action,  or  obtain  assistance  from  community  resources  when  court  referral  is 
not  necessary. 

Juvenile  Court  Counselors  monitor  youth  m  all  phases  of  treatment  whether  in 
a  community  program  or  outside  of  the  community  in  wilderness  camp  or  DJJDP- 
operated  facility 

Youth  who  are  determined  by  the  court  to  have  committed  serious  delinquent 
offenses  and  who  have  a  high  delinquency  history  can  be  committed  to  DJJDP  for 
placement  in  a  youth  development  center.  These  commitments  last  a  minimum  of 


369 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

six  months  and  court  counselors  stay  involved  with  each  juvenile  and  the  juveniles 
family  during  the  commitment.  DJJDP  operates  five  youth  development  centers  m 
the  state  which  provide  mentoring,  education  and  therapeutic  treatment  to  prepare 
youth  to  be  successful  in  life. 

In  the  2004  legislative  session,  the  General  Assembly  authorized  financing  for 
replacement  facility  planning  and  for  facility  construction  m  order  to  begin  the 
process  to  replace  four  department  youth  development  centers. 

DJJDP  is  m  transition  as  it  plans  to  construct  13  smaller,  more  therapeutic 
youth  development  centers  across  the  state  m  which  stalling  capability  and 
community  connectedness  will  be  the  keys  to  future  success.  The  department  plans 
to  transition  away  from  a  correctional  approach  m  its  facilities  by  establishing  a 
therapeutic  treatment  model  that  blends  education  and  treatment.  Staff  hired  will  be 
youth  counselors  who  will  interact  with  the  youth  at  all  times.  The  hrst  of  these 
new  facilites  will  open  by  the  end  of  2007. 

DJJDP  also  operates  10  detention  centers  statewide.  These  facilities  are  secure, 
temporaiy  facilities  where  a  ju\'enile  will  stay  while  waiting  to  go  to  court  or  until 
a  placement  can  be  arranged.  The  average  length  of  stay  m  a  detention  center  is  10 
to  14  days. 

Juvenile  Crime  Prevention  Councils 

DJJDP  partners  with  Juvenile  Crime  Prevention  Councils  (JCPCs)  in  each  county 
to  galvanize  community  leaders,  locally  and  statewide,  to  reduce  and  prevent  juvenile 
crime.  JCPC  board  members  are  appointed  by  the  county  Board  of  Commissioners 
and  meet  monthly  m  each  county  The  meetings  are  open  to  the  public.  DJJDP 
allocates  approximately  23  million  dollars  to  these  councils  annually  Funding  is 
used  to  subsidize  local  programs  and  ser\'ices.  Each  county  JCPC  has  been  trained 
to  develop  comprehensive  system  of  care  for  its  community. 

Department  of  Juvenile  Justice  and  Delinquency  Prexention  -  Center  for 

the  Prevention  of  School  Violence  (DJJDP  -  Center) 

DJJDP  -  Center  serves  as  a  resource  center  and  "'think  tank"  for  efforts  that  are 
directed  at  guiding  all  youth  toward  becoming  productive  members  ol  their  schools 
and  communities.  DJJDP  -  Center  offers  knowledge  and  expertise  in  the  areas  of 
prevention  and  positive  youth  development  and  provides  information  and  technical 
assistance  to  those  who  are  motivated  to  help  young  people  positively  develop  in 
environments  that  are  as  safe  as  possible. 


370 


THE    COUNCIL    OF    STATE    AND    THE    EXECUTIVE    BRANCH      CHAPTER    FOUR 


George  Sweat 

Secretary  of  Ju\enile  Justice  and 
Delinquency  Prevention 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Winston-Salem,  Forsyth  County. 

EducationalBackgrvimd 

BS/BA  m  Business  Administration,  East  Carolina  University; 
Honor  Graduate,  Administrative  Officers'  Course,  Southern 
Police  Institute,  University  of  Kentucky  at  Louisville,  1986. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Secretary  of  Juvenile  Justice  and  Delinquency  Prevention,  1999-Present;  Chief  of 
Police,  Winston-Salem  Pohce  Department,  1987-99;  Assistant  Chief,  Wmston-Salem 
Police  Department,  1986-87. 

Boards  and  Commissions 

Member,  Governors  Crime  Commission;  Member,  Commission  on  Juvenile  Crime 
and  Justice. 

Personallnjbrmation 

Married,  Lenna  Svv^eat.  Three  children;  three  grandchildren. 


371 


The  State  Legislature 

The  General  Assembly  is  the  oldest  governmental  body  in  North  Carolina. 
According  to  tradition,  a  "legislative  assembly  of  free  holders"  met  for  the  first  time 
around  1666.  No  documentary  proof,  however,  exists  proving  that  this  assembly 
actually  met.  Provisions  for  a  representative  assembly  in  Proprietary  North  Carolina 
can  be  traced  to  the  Concessions  and  Agreements,  adopted  in  1665,  which  called 
for  an  unicameral  body  composed  of  the  governor,  his  council  and  twelve  delegates 
selected  annually  to  sit  as  a  legislature. 

This  system  of  representation  prevailed  until  1670,  when  Albemarle  County 
was  divided  into  three  precincts.  Berkeley  Precinct,  Carteret  Precinct  and  Shaftsbury 
Precinct  were  apparently  each  allowed  five  representatives.  Around  1682,  four  new 
precmcts  were  created  from  the  original  three  as  the  colony's  population  grew  and 
the  frontier  moved  westward.  The  new  precincts  were  usually  allotted  two 
representatives,  although  some  were  granted  more.  Beginning  with  the  Assembly 
of  1723,  several  of  the  larger,  more  important  towns  were  allowed  to  elect  their 
own  representatives.  Edenton  was  the  first  town  granted  this  privilege,  followed  by 
Bath,  New  Bern,  Wilmington,  Brunswick,  Hahfax,  Campbellton  (Fayetteville), 
Salisbury  Hillsborough  and  Tarborough.  Around  1735  Albemarle  and  Bath  Counties 
were  dissolved  and  the  precincts  became  counties. 

The  unicameral  legislature  continued  until  around  1697,  when  a  bicameral 
form  was  adopted.  The  governor,  or  chief  executive  at  the  time,  and  his  council 
constituted  the  upper  house.  The  lower  house,  the  House  of  Burgesses,  was 
composed  of  representatives  elected  from  the  colony's  various  precincts.  The  lower 
house  could  adopt  its  own  rules  of  procedure  and  elect  its  own  speaker  and  other 
officers.  It  could,  however,  meet  only  when  called  into  session  by  the  governor  and 
only  at  a  location  designated  by  him.  Because  the  lower  house  held  the  power  of 
the  purse  and  paying  the  governor's  salary  regular  meetings  of  the  legislature  were 
held  at  least  once  during  a  two-year  period  (a  biennium),  and  usually  more  often. 
Throughout  the  colonial  period,  the  House  of  Burgess'  control  over  the  colony's 
finances  fueled  controversy  between  the  governor  and  the  lower  house.  The  house 
wielded  its  financial  control  effectively  throughout  this  period,  continually  increasing 
its  influence  and  prestige. 

This  power  struggle  between  the  governor  and  his  council  on  one  hand  and  the 
colonial  legislature  on  the  other,  had  a  profound  effect  on  the  structure  of  the  new 
government  created  by  North  Carolina's  first  state  constitution,  adopted  in  1776. 
The  General  Assembly  became  the  primary  organ  of  government  with  control  over 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

all  other  areas  of  government.  The  legislature  wielded  the  constitutional  authority 
to  elect  all  executive  and  judicial  branch  officials.  The  N.C.  Senate  and  House  of 
Commons  conducted  joint  balloting  to  elect  these  officials.  On  many  occasions, 
the  elections  lor  administrative  and  judicial  officials  consumed  substantial  amounts 
ot  time  when  one  candidate  for  a  position  could  not  muster  a  majority  of  votes 
from  the  legislators.  The  first  break  from  this  unwieldy  procedure  came  in  1835, 
when  a  constitutional  amendment  changed  the  method  for  electing  the  governor. 
Instead  of  being  elected  by  the  legislature  for  a  one-)'ear  term,  the  governor  would 
hencelorth  be  elected  b)'  the  people  for  a  two-year  term.  Another  33  years  —  and  a 
devastating  civil  war  and  military  occupation  —  would  pass  before  the  remaining 
state  executive  and  judicial  offices  were  elected  by  vote  of  the  people.  The  postwar 
Constitution  of  1868  dramatically  reduced  the  General  Assembly's  appointive  powers 
o\-er  the  other  two  branches  of  state  government. 

The  state  constitution  of  1776  created  a  bicameral  legislature  with  members  of 
both  houses  elected  by  the  people.  The  N.C.  Senate  had  one  representatix'c  from 
each  county,  while  the  N.C.  House  of  Commons  had  two  reprcsentatix'es  from  each 
county  and  one  from  each  of  the  towns  given  representative  status  m  the  constitution. 
This  scheme  continued  until  1835,  when  voters  approved  several  constitutional 
changes  to  the  legislative  branch.  Membership  in  the  Senate  was  set  at  50  with 
senators  elected  from  districts.  The  state  was  divided  into  districts  with  the  number 
of  senators  based  on  the  population  of  each  individual  district.  The  membership  of 
the  House  ol  Commons  was  set  at  120  with  representation  based  on  the  population 
of  the  county  The  more  populous  counties  had  more  representatives,  but  each 
county  was  entitled  to  at  least  one  representative.  Representation  in  each  house 
would  be  adjusted  based  on  the  federal  census  taken  every  ten  years.  The  General 
Assembly  retained  the  power  to  adjust  districts  and  representation. 

In  1868,  a  new  constitution  was  adopted,  leading  to  more  changes  m  the 
legislative  branch.  The  bicameral  structure  was  retained,  but  the  name  of  the  lower 
house  was  changed  from  the  House  ol  Commons  to  the  House  of  Representatives. 
The  new  constitution  eliminated  the  property  qualification  for  holding  office,  opening 
up  opportunities  for  less  wealthy  North  Carolinians  to  serve.  The  Ofhce  of  Lieutenant 
Governor  re-appeared  lor  the  first  time  since  1776.  The  lieutenant  governor,  elected 
by  the  people,  would  now  ser\'e  as  president  of  the  Senate.  He  would  also  take 
office  as  governor  if  the  incumbent  governor  coufd  not  continue  in  office  for  any 
reason.  The  N.C.  Senate  members  could  also  elect  a  president  pro  tempore  from 
among  their  ranks.  The  president  pro-tem  chaired  the  Senate  sessions  in  the  absence 
of  its  president. 


374 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

In  1966,  the  House  of  Representatives  adopted  district  representation  similar 
to  the  Senates  arrangement.  Although  the  total  number  of  representatives  stayed  at 
120,  every  county  was  no  longer  guaranteed  a  representative.  Instead,  the  requirement 
to  maintain  a  rough  equaUty  of  population  size  between  districts  resulted  in  counties 
with  lower  populations  losing  their  resident  representative.  The  switch  to  a  district 
format  left  nearly  one-third  of  the  states  counties  with  no  resident  legislator. 

Prior  to  Raleighs  designation  as  North  Carolina's  permanent  capital  in  1792, 
the  seat  of  government  moved  from  town  to  town  with  each  new  General  Assembly, 
a  pattern  established  during  the  colonial  period.  Halifax,  Hillsborough,  Fayetteville, 
New  Bern,  Smithfield  and  Tarborough  all  served  as  the  seat  of  government  between 
1776  and  1794.  The  Assembly  of  1794-95  was  the  first  legislative  session  to  meet 
in  Raleigh. 

The  buildings  used  as  meeting  places  for  the  colonial  and  early  general  assemblies 
varied  as  much  as  their  location.  If  the  structure  was  big  enough  to  hold  the  legislators, 
it  was  pressed  into  use.  Courthouses,  schools  and  even  local  residences  served  as 
legislative  buildings.  Tryon  Palace  in  New  Bern  was  North  Carolina's  first  capitol 
building.  Completed  m  1771,  the  palace  was  abandoned  during  the  Revolutionary 
War  because  of  its  exposure  to  enemy  attack.  When  Raleigh  became  the  permanent 
state  capital,  the  General  Assembly  approved  the  construction  of  a  simple,  two- 
story  brick  state  house.  This  structure,  completed  in  1796,  served  as  the  General 
Assembly's  home  until  a  fire  gutted  it  in  1831.  The  legislature  approved  a  new 
capitol  building  and  construction  on  the  current  capitol  was  complete  m  1840. 
The  first  session  to  convene  in  the  capitol  opened  on  November  16,  1840. 
Construction  of  the  current  legislative  building  started  in  early  1961.  The  first 
session  held  m  the  new  building  convened  on  February  6,  1963. 

j        The  organizational  structure  of  state  government  established  by  the  Constitution 

of  1868  remained  basically  unchanged  with  the  adoption  of  the  state's  third 

I  constitution  in  1971.  As  one  of  the  three  branches  of  government  established  by 

1  the  constitution,  the  legislative  branch  is  equal  with,  but  independent  of,  the  executive 

and  judicial  branches.  It  is  composed  of  the  General  Assembly  and  its  administrative 

i  support  units.  The  North  Carolina  constitution  gives  the  General  Assembly 

I  legislative,  or  law-making,  power  for  the  entire  state.  This  means,  m  the  words  of 

f,  the  state's  Supreme  Court,  that  the  legislature  has  "the  authority  to  make  or  enact 

I,  laws;  to  establish  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  conduct  of  the  people,  their 

'  rights,  duties  and  procedures;  and  to  prescribe  the  consequences  of  certain  activities." 

These  mandates  give  the  General  Assembly  the  power  to  make  new  laws  and  amend 

or  repeal  existing  laws  on  a  broad  range  of  issues  that  have  statewide  as  well  as  local 

impact.  The  legislature  also  defines  criminal  law  in  North  Carolina. 


375 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Legislators  m  both  the  N.C.  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  stand  for 
election  every  two  years  m  even-numbered  years.  Members  oi  both  houses  are 
drawn  from  districts  established  by  law.  Qualihcations  for  election  differ  slightly 
for  each  house.  For  election  to  either  house,  a  person  must  reside  m  the  district  he 
or  she  wants  to  represent  for  at  least  one  year  prior  to  the  election.  Candidates  must 
be  registered  to  vote  m  North  Carolina.  Senate  candidates  must  be  at  least  25  years 
old  on  the  date  of  the  election  and  a  resident  of  the  state  for  two  years  immediately 
preceding  the  election.  House  candidates  must  be  at  least  21  years  old  on  the  date 
of  the  election,  m  addition  to  the  previously  stated  quahhcations. 

A  constitutional  amendment  approved  by  voters  m  1982  set  the  hrst  day  of 
Januar}'  following  the  November  general  election  as  the  date  legislators  ofhcially 
take  otTice.  Prior  to  the  amendment,  legislators  took  ofhce  immediately  following 
the  November  election. 

Each  house  of  the  legislature  elects  a  principal  clerk.  The  Senate  also  elects  a 
reading  clerk  and  a  sergeant-at-arms.  These  positions  are  appointed  m  the  House. 
The  president  of  the  Senate  (lieutenant  governor)  presides  over  its  sessions.  A 
president  pro-tem,  elected  by  senators  from  among  their  membership,  presides 
over  the  Senate  in  the  absence  of  the  lieutenant  governor.  The  speaker  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  is  elected  by  the  representatives  from  among  their  membership. 
Other  ofhcers  m  each  respective  house  are  elected  either  by  the  membership  as  a 
whole  or  by  the  members  of  each  party 

Much  of  the  General  Assembly's  legislative  work  occurs  through  standing 
committees.  Shortly  after  the  start  of  eveiy  legislative  session,  the  leadership  in  each 
house  forms  standing  committees,  appointing  members  of  their  respective  house 
to  the  committees.  Since  1989,  the  president  pro-tem  has  appointed  Senate 
committees,  a  duty  traditionally  given  the  president  of  the  Senate.  The  speaker  of 
the  House  appoints  committees  in  that  chamber.  These  leaders  often  make  committee 
assignments  based  on  legislators'  interests  and  expertise.  In  the  most  recent  session, 
there  were  25  standing  committees  in  the  Senate  and  37  m  the  House. 

The  Legislative  Services  Commission  manages  the  General  Assembly's 
administrative  staff,  the  Legislative  Services  Ofhce.  The  president  pro-tem  of  the 
Senate  and  the  speaker  of  the  House  alternate  chairmanship  of  the  Legislative  Services 
Commission  on  a  yearly  basis  and  each  appoints  seven  members  from  his  or  her 
respective  house  to  serve  on  the  commission.  The  commission  employs  a  Legislative 
Services  Officer  who  sen'es  as  chief  staff  officer  for  the  commission.  The  Legislative 
Services  Office  has  five  support  divisions,  each  managed  by  a  director: 


376  I 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

Administrative  Division 

The  Administrative  Divisions  primary  role  is  to  provide  logistical  support  to 
the  General  Assembly  in  a  variety  of  areas  such  as  budget  preparation  and 
administration,  buildmg  maintenance,  equipment  and  supplies,  mailing  operations, 
printing  (including  printed  bills)  and  a  host  of  other  services. 

Information  Systems  Division 

The  Information  Systems  Division  designs,  develops  and  maintains  a  number 
of  computer  applications  used  by  the  General  Assembly  staff.  Legal  document 
retrieval,  bill  status  reporting,  fiscal  information  systems,  ofhce  automation  and 
electronic  publishmg  are  all  functions  of  the  division.  A  Legislative  Services 
Commission  sub-committee  sets  policies  governing  the  division's  operation  and 
access  to  the  Legislative  Computer  Center. 

Bill  Drafting  Division 

The  Bill  Drafting  Division  assists  legislators  by  preparing  bills  for  introduction. 
Staff  attorneys  draft  the  bills  and  make  sure  they  are  entered  into  the  computer  and 
printed.  They  also  make  sure  that  the  proper  number  of  copies  of  draft  bills  are 
delivered  to  the  introducing  legislator.  Division  staff  follow  numerous  guidelines 
to  ensure  confidentiaUty. 

Fiscal  Research  Division 

The  Fiscal  Research  Division  serves  as  the  research  and  watchdog  arm  of  the 
General  Assembly  on  fiscal  and  compliance  matters  regarding  state  government.  Its 
statutory  duties  include    fiscal  analysis,  operational  reviews  and  reporting. 

Research  Division 

The  Research  Division  obtains  information  and  makes  legal  and  non-fiscal 
analyses  of  subjects  affecting  and  affected  by  state  law  and  government.  Individual 
legislators  and  standing  committee  of  the  General  Assembly  alike  can  request  the 
divisions  services.  Division  staff  also  answer  questions  from  other  North  Carolina 
and  sister  state  agencies  and  private  citizens. 

For  more  information  about  the  Legislative  Services  Office,  call  (919)  733- 
4111  or  visit  the  offices  Web  site  at  www.ncleg.net. 


377 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

George  Rubin  Hall,  Jr. 

Legislative  Serxices  Officer 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Raleigh,  N.C.  April  14,  1939,  to 
George  Rubin,  Sr.  (deceased)  and  Ludie  Jane 
Conner  Hall  (deceased). 

EducatiorialBacIigrDimd 

Hugh  Morson  High  School,  1953-55; 
Needham  Broughlon  High  School,  1955-57; 
Bachelors  of  Science,  Campbell  College,  1964; 
Posi-graduale  work  m  Public  Personnel 
Administration,  N.C.  State  University; 
Government  E.xecutives  Institute,  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1982. 

Pn)fessionalBacI?grr)und 

Legislative  Services  OtTicer,  1979-Present;  14  years,  N.C.  Division  of  Vocational 
Rehabilitation;  lormer  Administrative  Officer  with  N.C.  General  Assembly;  Licensed 
Building  Contractor;  Licensed  Real  Estate  Broker. 

Boaixls  and  Commissions 

Former  member.  Wake  County  School  Board  Advisory  Council;  Manpower  Area 
Planning  Council,  Region  J,  1972-73. 

Military  Service 

Staff  Sgt.,  N.C.  Army  National  Guard,  1959-60  (active  duty),  1960-65  (reserve 
duty). 

Personal  In/or  Jiiation 

Married,  Carolyn  Mane  Young  of  Raleigh.  Three  children.  Three  grandchildren. 
Member,  Longview  Baptist  Church,  Raleigh,  N.C. 


378 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

The  2003  General  Assembly 

The  2003  General  Assembly,  North  Carolina's  145th,  convened  in  the  respective 
chambers  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Legislative  Building  in 
Raleigh  at  noon  on  January  29.  The  opening  of  the  session  u^as  convened  by 
Lieutenant  Governor  Beverly  E.  Perdue  in  the  Senate  and  Principal  Clerk  of  the 
House,  Denise  Weeks.  During  the  election  of  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  two  Speakers  --  James  B.  Black,  a  Democrat  from  Mecklenburg 
County  and  Richard  T.  Morgan,  a  RepubUcan  from  Moore  County  -  were  elected 
after  nine  ballots  were  taken  over  a  period  of  five  days.  The  last  multi-ballot  election 
of  the  Speaker  of  the  House  was  in  1866,  when  five  ballots  were  required.  Prior  to 
1957,  the  General  Assembly  convened  in  January  at  a  time  hxed  by  the  Constitution 
of  North  Carolina.  From  1957  through  1967,  sessions  convened  in  February  at  a 
time  fixed  by  the  Constitution.  The  1969  General  Assembly  was  the  hrst  to  convene 
on  a  date  fixed  by  law  after  elimination  of  the  constitutionally  fixed  date.  The  assembly 
now  convenes  on  the  third  Wednesday  after  the  second  Monday  in  January  after  the 
November  election.  The  2003  General  Assembly  adjourned  sine  die  on  July  18, 
2004. 

Women  in  the  General  Assembly 

Lillian  Exum  Clement  of  Buncombe  County  was  the  hrst  woman  to  ser\^e  in  the 
General  Assembly  Clement  served  in  the  1921  House  of  Representatives.  Since 
then,  more  than  101  women  have  served  in  the  General  Assembly  There  were  32 
women  in  the  2001  General  Assembly,  five  in  the  Senate  and  27  in  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Representative  Ruth  M.  Easterhng,  a  Democrat  form  Mecklenburg  County, 
became  the  longest-serving  woman  in  the  General  Assembly  during  the  1999 
session.  Representative  Easterling,  in  her  thirteenth  term  in  2001,  surpassed  former 
Senator  Lura  S.  Tally,  a  Democrat  from  Cumberland  County,  and  former 
Representative  Jo  Graham  Foster,  a  Democrat  from  Mecklenburg  County,  for  the 
longevity  record.  Former  Senator  Tally  served  five  terms  in  the  House  and  six  in  the 
Senate.  Former  Representative  Foster  serx'ed  all  of  her  terms  in  the  House. 

Minorities  in  the  General  Assembly 

During  Reconstruction  —  and  particularly  after  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution 
of  1868  —  minorities  were  elected  to  the  General  Assembly  for  the  first  time  in  the 
states  history  Fifteen  African-Americans  were  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives 
and  two  to  the  Senate  in  1868.  Under  the  leadership  of  Representative  Parker  D. 
Robbins  of  Hertford  County  and  Senators  A.  H.  Galloway  of  New  Hanover  County 
and  John  A.  Hyman  of  Warren  County,  the  1868  General  Assembly  approved  the 
Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  United  States  Constitution,  which  guaranteed 
citizenship  for  African-Americans.  As  conservative  Democrats  regained  power  in 


379 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 

the  1890s,  African- American  representation  m  the  General  Assembly  disappeared 
for  nearly  60  \'ears.  Heniy  E.  Frye  of  Guilford  County  became  the  first  African- 
American  to  serve  in  the  General  Assembly  during  this  century  when  he  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  Representatives  in  1969.  Twenty-four  African-Americans  served  in 
the  2003  General  Assembly,  six  in  the  Senate  and  18  in  the  House  of  Representatives. 
Representative  H.M.  Michaux  holds  the  record  for  most  terms  ser\'ed  m  the  General 
Assembly  by  an  African-American.  He  has  sensed  over  twelve  terms  m  the  House  of 
Representatives.  The  Houses  only  current  member  of  Native  American  descent  is 
Rep.  Ronnie  Sutton  of  Robeson  County  (Democrat,  47th  House  District).  The 
Houses  only  current  Hispanic  member  is  Rep.  Daniel  F  McComas  of  New  Hanover 
County  (Republican,  19th  House  District). 

Miscellaneous  Facts  and  Figures 

The  oldest  member  of  the  2003  Senate  was  Robert  C.  ''Bob"  Carpenter  (bom  6/ 
18/1924),  a  Republican  from  Pitt  County.  The  youngest  member  of  the  2003  Senate 
was  Andrew  C.  Brock  (4/9/1974),  a  Republican  from  Davie  County.  The  oldest 
member  of  the  2003  House  of  Representatives  was  W.  Eugene  McCombs  (6/16/ 
1925),  a  Republican  from  Rowan  County  who  died  January  20,  2004.  Dewey  L. 
Hill  (8/31/1925),  a  Democrat  from  Rowan  County  was  the  oldest  representative 
during  the  remainder  of  the  session.  The  youngest  member  of  the  2003  House  of 
Representatives  was  Patrick  T.  McHenry  a  Republican  from  Gaston  CountyCounty. 
The  senator  with  the  longest  tenure  is  R.C.  Soles,  Jr.,  a  Democrat  trom  Columbus 
County,  semng  his  eighteenth  term  -  four  m  the  House  and  14  m  the  Senate.  Former 
Rep.  Liston  B.  Ramsey  (deceased),  a  Democrat  from  Madison  County,  holds  the  all- 
time  record  for  longevity  in  service  with  nineteen  terms,  all  oi  them  in  the  House. 
The  record  was  previously  held  by  former  state  Representative  Dwight  Quinn,  a 
Democrat  from  Cabarrus  County,  who  served  all  of  his  eighteen  terms  in  the  House. 

Salaries  of  Legislators 

Members  of  the  2003  General  Assembly  received  a  base  salaiy  of  $13,951  per 
year  and  a  monthly  expense  allowance  of  $559.  The  speaker  of  the  House  and  the 
president  pro-tempore  ot  the  Senate  each  received  a  base  salary  of  $38,151  per  year 
and  a  monthly  expense  allowance  of  $1,413.  The  House  of  Representatives  elected 
two  speakers  for  the  2003-04  session  and  the  salar)-  and  expense  allowance  were 
divided  between  the  two  Speakers.  The  Senate  deputy  pro-tempore  and  the  speaker 
pro-tempore  of  the  House  each  received  base  salaries  of  $21,739  and  monthly 
expense  allowances  of  $836  (The  House  didi  not  elect  a  Speaker  Pro-Tem  for  the 
2003-04  session).  The  majority  and  minority  leaders  of  each  house  received  $17,048 
in  base  salary  and  monthly  expense  allowances  of  $666.  During  the  legislative 
session  and  when  they  are  carrying  out  the  states  business,  all  legislators  receive  a 
subsistence  allowance  of  $104  per  day  and  a  travel  allowance  of  $.29  per  mile. 


380 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


2003  North  Carolina  Senate 

Officers 

President  (Lieutenant  Governor) 
President  Pro  Tempore 
Deputy  President  Pro  Tempore 
Majority  Leader 
Majority  Whip 
Republican  Leader 
Republican  Whip 
Deputy  Republican  Whip 
Principal  Clerk 
Reading  Clerk 
Sergeant-at-Arms 

Senators 

Name 

Albertson,  Charles  W  (D) 
Allran,  Austin  M.  (R) 
Apodaca,  Tom  (R) 
Ballantine,  Patrick].  (R) 
Basnight,  Marc  (D) 
Berger,  Philip  E.  (R) 
Bingham,  Stan  (R) 
Blake,  Harris  (R) 
Brock,  Andrew  C.  (R) 
Carpenter,  Robert  C.  (R) 
Carrington,  John  H.  (R) 
Clodfelter,  Daniel  G.  (D) 
Dalton,  Walter  H.  (D) 
Dannelly,  Charlie  Smith  (D) 
Dorsett,  Katie  G.  (D) 
Forrester,  James  (R) 
Foxx,  Virginia  (R) 
Garrou,  Linda  (D) 
Garwood,  John  A.  (R) 
Gulley  Wib  (D) 
Hagan,  Kay  R.  (D) 
Hargett,  Cecil  S.,  Jr.  (D) 
Hartsell,  Fletcher  L.,  Jr.  (R) 
Holloman,  Robert  L.  (D) 
Horton,  Hamilton  C,  Jr.  (R) 


Beverly  Eaves  Perdue 

Marc  Basnight 

Charlie  Smith  Dannelly 

Tony  Rand 

Jeanne  Hopkins 

Lucas 

James  S.  Forrester 

Fern  Shubert 

Tom  Apodaca 

Janet  B.  Pruitt 

Ted  Harrison 

Cecil  Coins 

District 

County 

Address 

10th 

Duphn 

Beulaville 

44th 

Catawba 

Hickory 

48th 

Henderson 

Hendersonville 

9th 

New  Hanover 

Wilmington 

1st 

Dare 

Manteo 

26th 

Rockingham 

Eden 

33th 

Davidson 

Denton 

22nd 

Moore 

Pinehurst 

34th 

Davie 

Mocksville 

50th 

Macon 

Franklin 

15th 

Wake 

Raleigh 

37th 

Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

46th 

Rutherford 

Rutherfordton 

38th 

Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

28th 

Guilford 

Greensboro 

42nd 

Gaston 

Stanley 

45th 

Watauga 

Banner  Elk 

32nd 

Forsyth 

Winston-Salem 

30th 

Wilkes 

North  Wilkesboro 

18th 

Durham 

Durham 

27th 

Guilford 

Greensboro 

6th 

Onslow 

Hubert 

36th 

Cabarrus 

Concord 

4th 

Hertford 

Ahoskie 

31st 

Forsyth 

Winston-Salem 

381 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Senators  (continued) 


Name 

DLs(nt( 

Count\' 

Address 

Hoyle,  David  W.  (D) 

43rd 

Gaston 

Gastonia 

Hunt,  Ralph  A.  (D) 

18th 

Durham 

Durham 

Jenkins,  S.  Clark  (D) 

3rd 

Edgecombe 

Tarboro 

Kerr,  John  H.,  IIUD) 

7th 

Wapie 

Goldsboro 

Kinnaird,  Eleanor  (D) 

23rd 

Orange 

Carrboro 

Lucas,  Jeanne  Hopkins  (D) 

20th 

Durham 

Durham 

Malone,  Vernon  (D) 

14th 

Wake 

Raleigh 

Metcalf,  Stephen  M.  (D) 

, 

49th 

Buncombe 

Weaverville 

Moore,  Tony  P  (R) 

5th 

Pitt 

Winterville 

Nesbitt,  Martin  L.,  Jr.  (D^ 

) 

49th 

Buncombe 

Asheville 

Pittenger,  Robert  M.  (R) 

40th 

Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

Purccll,  William  R.  (D) 

25th 

Scotland 

Launnburg 

Queen,  Joe  Sam  (D) 

47th 

Haywood 

Waynesville 

Rand,  Anthony  E.  (D) 

19th 

Cumberland 

Favetteville 

Reeves,  Eric  M.  (D) 

16th 

Wake 

Raleigh 

Rucho,  Robert  A.  (R) 

39th 

Mecklenburg 

Matthews 

Shaw,  Larry  (D) 

21st 

Cumberland 

Eayetteville 

Shubert,  Fern  {R) 

35th 

Union 

Marshville 

Sloan,  R.  B.,  Jr.  (R) 

41st 

Iredell 

Mooresville 

Smith,  Ered  (R) 

12  th 

Johnston 

Clayton 

Soles,  R.C.,  Jr.  (D) 

8th 

Columbus 

Tabor  City 

Stevens,  Richard  Y.  {R) 

17th 

Wake 

Gary 

Swindell,  A.B.,  IV  (D) 

11th 

Nash 

Nashville 

Thomas,  Scott  (D) 

2nd 

Craven 

New  Bern 

Tillman,  Jerry  W  (R) 

29th 

Randolph 

Archdale 

Webster,  Hugh  (R) 

24th 

Alamance 

Burlington 

Speakers  of  the  Senate 

Senator 

Conntv 

Assembly 

Richard  Caswell 

Dobbs 

1782 

Richard  Caswell 

Dobbs 

1783 

Richard  Caswell 

Dobbs 

1784  (April) 

Richard  Caswell 

Dobbs 

1784  (October) 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1785 

James  Coor 

Cr 

aven 

1786-87 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1787 

Alexander  Martin 

Guilford 

1788 

Richard  Caswell 

Dobbs 

1789 

Charles  Johnston 

Chowan 

1789 

382 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Speakers  of  the 

Senator 

William  Lenoir 

William  Lenoir 

William  Lenoir 

William  Lenoir 

Benjamin  Smith 

Benjamin  Smith 

Benjamin  Smith 

Benjamin  Smith 

Benjamin  Smith 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Alexander  Martin 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

Joseph  Riddick 

George  Outlaw 

George  Outlaw 

George  Outlaw 

John  Branch 

John  Branch 

John  Branch 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 

Bart 


lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
let  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 
lett  Yancey 


Senate  (continued) 

County  Assembly 

Wilkes  1791-92 

Wilkes  1792-93 

Wilkes  1793-94 

Wilkes  1794-95 

Brunswick  1795 

Brunswick  1796 

Brunswick  1797 

Brunswick  1798 

Brunswick  1799 

Gates  1800 

Gates  1801 

Gates  1802 

Gates  1803 

Gates  1804 

Guilford  1805 

Gates  1806 

Gates  1807 

Gates  1808 

Gates  1809 

Gates  1810 

Gates  1811 

Bertie  1812 

Bertie  1813 

Bertie  1814 

Halifax  1815 

Halifax  1816 

Halifax  1817 

Caswell  1817 

Caswell  1818 

Caswell  1819 

Caswell  1820 

Caswell  1821 

Caswell  1822 

Caswell  1823-24 

Caswell  1824-25 

Caswell  1825-26 

Caswell  1826-27 

Caswell  1827-28 


383 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Speakers  of  the  Senate 

Senator 
Jesse  Speight 
Bedford  Brown 
David  ¥.  Caldwell 
David  H  Caldwell 
William  D.  Mosely 
William  D.  Mosely 
William  D.  Mosely 
William  D.  Mosely 
Hugh  Waddell 
Andrew  Joyner 
Andrew  Joyner 
Lewis  D.  Wilson 
Burgess  S.  Gaither 
Andrew  Joyner 
Calvin  Graves 
Weldon  N.  Edwards 
Weldon  N.  Edwards 
Warren  Winslow 
William  W  Avery 
Henry  T.  Clark 
Henry  T.  Clark 
Giles  Mebane 
Giles  Mebane 
Thomas  Settle 
Matthias  E.  Manly 
Joseph  H.  Wilson 
Edward  J.  Warren 
James  T.  Morehead 

James  L.  Robinson 
William  A.  Graham 
William  T.  Dorch 

E.  T.  Boy  km 

Edwin  W  Kerr 
William  D.  Turner 
John  L.  King 
E.  L,  F ranch,  Jr. 


(continued) 

County 

Assembly 

Greene 

1828-29 

Caswell 

1829-30 

Rowan 

1830-31 

Rowan 

1831-32 

Lenoir 

1832-33 

Lenoir 

1833-34 

Lenoir 

1834-35 

Lenoir 

1835 

Orange 

1836-37 

Halifax 

1838-39 

Halifax 

1840-41 

Edgecombe 

1842-43 

Burke 

1844-45 

Halifax 

1846-47 

Caswell 

1848-49 

Warren 

1850-51 

Warren 

1852 

Cumberland 

1854-55 

Burke 

1856-57 

Edgecombe 

1858-59 

Edgecombe 

1860-61 

Alamance 

1862-64 

Alamance 

1864-65 

Rockingham 

1865-66 

Craven 

1866-67 

Mecklenburg 

1866-67 

Beaufort 

1870-72 

Guilford 

1872-74 

1874-75 

Macon 

1876-77 

Lincoln 

1879-80 

Buncombe 

1881 

1883 

Sampson 

1885 

1887 

Sampson 

1889 

Iredell 

1891 

Guilford 

1893 

Onslow 

1895 

1897 

384 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 

CHAPTER    FIVE 

Presidents  Pro-Tempore  of  the  Senate^ 

r 

Senator 

County 

Assembly 

R.  L.  Smith 

Stanly 

1899-1900 

Edward  J.  Warren 

Beaufort 

1870-72 

James  T.  Morehead 

Guilford 

1872-74 
1874-75 

James  L.  Robinson 

Macon 

1876-77 

William  A.  Graham 

Lincoln 

1879-80 

William  T.  Dorch 

Buncombe 

1881 
1883 

E.  T.  Boy  km 

Sampson 

1885 
1887 

Edwin  W  Kerr 

Sampson 

1889 

William  D.  Turner 

Iredell 

1891 

John  L.  King 

Guilford 

1893 

E.  L.  Franck,  Jr. 

Onslow 

1895 
1897 

R.  L.  Smith 

Stanly 

1899-1900 

E  A.  Whitaker 

Wake 

1899-1900 

Henry  A.  London 

Chatham 

1901 

Henry  A.  London 

Chatham 

1903 

Charles  A.  Webb 

Buncombe 

1905 

Charles  A.  Webb 

Buncombe 

1907-08 

Whitehead  Klutz 

Rowan 

1909 

Henry  N.  Pharr 

Mecklenburg 

1911 

Henry  N.  Pharr 

Mecklenburg 

1913 

Oliver  Max  Gardner 

Cleveland 

1915 

Fordyce  C.  Harding 

Pitt 

1917 

Lindsey  C.  Warren 

Washington 

1917 

William  L.  Long 

Halifax 

1921 

William  L.  Long 

■  Halifax 

1923-24 

William  S.  H.  Burgwyn 

Northampton 

1925 

William  L.  Long 

Hahfax 

1927 

Thomas  L.  Johnson 

Robeson 

1929 

Rivers  D.  Johnson 

Duplin 

1931 

William  G.  Clark 

Edgecombe 

1933 

Paul  D.  Grady 

Johnston 

1935 

Andrew  H.  Johnston 

Buncombe 

1937-38 

James  A.  Bell 

Mecklenburg 

1937-38 

Whitman  E.  Smith 

Stanly 

1939 

John  D.  Larkins,  Jr. 

Jones 

1941 

John  H.  Price 

Rockingham 

1943 

385 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Presidents  Pro-Tetnpore  of  the  Senate  (continued) 

Senator 

County 

ksstmhly 

Archie  C.  Gay 

Northampton 

1945 

Joseph  L.  Blyihe 

Mecklenburg 

1947 

James  C.  Pittman 

Lee 

1949 

Rufus  G.  Rankin 

Gaston 

1951 

Edwin  Pale 

Scotland 

1953 

Paul  E.  Jones 

Pitt 

1955-56 

Claude  Curne 

Durham 

1957 

Robert  E  Morgan 

Cleveland 

1959 

William  L.  Crew- 

HaliLax 

1961 

Ralph  H.  Scott 

Alamance 

1963 

Robert  B.  Morgan 

Harnett 

1965-66 

Herman  A.  Moore 

Mecklenburg 

1967 

Neill  H.  McGeachy 

Cumberland 

1969 

Frank  N.  Patterson,  Jr. 

Stanly 

1971 

Gordon  P  Allen 

Person 

1971 

Gordon  P.  Allen 

Person 

1973-74 

John  T.  Henley 

Cumberland 

1975-76 

John  T.  Henley 

Cumberland 

1977-78 

W  Craig  Lawmg 

Mecklenburg 

1979-80 

W  Craig  Lawing 

Mecklenburg 

1981-82 

W  Craig  Lawing 

Mecklenburg 

1983-84 

J.  J.  Harrington 

Bertie 

1985-86 

J.  J.  Harrington 

Bertie 

1987-88 

Henson  R  Barnes 

Wayne 

1989-90 

Henson  P  Barnes 

Wa\Tie 

1990-91 

Marc  Basnight 

Dare 

1992-Present 

'  The  state  constitution  of  1868  abolished  the  office  of  speaker  of  the  Senate,  instead 
creating  the  otfice  of  lieutenant  governor  with  similar  duties  and  functions.  The 
lieutenant  governor  presides  over  the  Senate  and  is  called  "the  president  of  the 
Senate"  when  sening  m  this  capacity  Senators  also  elect  one  of  their  members  to 
seive  as  president  pro-tempore  during  periods  when  the  lieutenant  can  not  preside. 


386 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


MarcBasnight 

President  Pro-Tempore  of  the 
N.C.  Senate 

Democrat,  Dare  County 

First  Senatorial  District:  Beaufort,  Camden, 
Chowan,  Currituck,  Dare,  Hyde, 
Pasquotank  and  Perquimans  counties. 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Manteo,  Dare  County,  on  May  13, 
1947,  to  St.  Clair  and  Cora  Mae  Daniels 
Basnight. 

EducationalBackground 

Manteo  High  School,  1966. 

ProfesskmalBackground 

Lone  Cedar  Caie. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1985-Present 
(President  Pro-Tempore  1993-Present). 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Manteo  Lions  Club;  32nd-Degree  Mason;  First  Flight  Society 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

North  Carolina  Board  of  Transportation,  representing  Camden,  Chowan,  Currituck, 
Dare,  Pasquotank  and  Perquimans  Counties,  1977-83;  Dare  County  Tourist  Bureau 
(Chairman  1974-76). 

Honors  andAwards 

Most  Effective  Senator,  N.C.  Center  for  Public  Policy  Research,  1993-Present;  Razor 
Walker  Award  for  Contributions  to  Public  Education,  R.  Donald  Watson  School  of 
Education,  UNC-Wilmmgton,  2001;  Honorary  Doctor  of  Laws  (1999);  William 
Richardson  Da\ie  Award  (1995),  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married,  Sandy  Tillett  Basnight,  March  23,  1968.  Two  children.  Member,  Methodist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Ex-Officio  member  of  all  standing  Senate  committees. 


387 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Charlie  Smith  Dannelly 

Senate  Deputy  President  Pro- 
Tein 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg  County 

Tliirty-Eighth  Senatorial  District  Portions  of 
Mecklenburg  County. 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Bom  in  Bishop\ille,  Lee  County,  South 
Carolina,  on  August  13, 1924,  to  Reuben  Samuel 
and  Minnie  Smith  Dannelly 

EdiwationalBacf?grvund 

Mather  Academy  Camden,  South  Carolina, 
1Q44;  B.A.  in  Education,  Johnson  C.  Smith 
University  1962;  Masters  m  Education  and 
Administration,  UNC-Charlotte,  1966. 

Professional  Bacligrvwid 

Retired  educator,  Chariotte-Mecklenburg  Schools. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  Nonh  Carolina  Senate,  1995-Present;  Chariotte  City  Council,  1977-1989. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^ganizations 

Committee  to  Preser\'e  and  Restore  Third  Ward  Board  of  Directors;  Johnson  C.  Smith  Uni\'ersit\'  100 
Club;  Omega  Psi  Phi  Fratemitx: 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Ad\isoiy  Council  on  Cancer  Coordination  and  Control;  Interagenc}'  Council  for  Coordinating  Homeless 
Programs;  Minonty  Health  Adxisor)'  Council. 

Military  Activities 

U.S.  Amiy  82nd  Airborne,  1st  It., June  26, 1951-Februar)',  1954  (Korean  War);  Parachute  Badge, United 
Nations  Semce  Medal,  Korean  Senice  Medal  with  one  Bronze  Star,  National  Defense  Senice  Medal. 

Hotmrs  and  Awards 

Omega  Man  of  the  Year  (Phi  Phi  Chapter),  1978;  6th  Distnci  Omega  Man  of  the  Year,  1979;  Outstanding 
Senice  Awards- 1983, 1986, 1987. 

Personal  Infonnation 

MaiTied  to  Rose  U\ Verne  Rhodes  Dannell}'.  One  child.  Member,  Fnendship  N'lissionaiy  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Ways  and  Means;  Vice  Chair,  Appropriations  on  Health  and  Human  Services;  Member, 
Appropnations/Base  Budget,  Eduaition/Higher  Education,  Fmaiice,  Health  &  Human  Resources,  Judiciaiy 
II,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  Select  Committee  on  Employee  Hospital  and  Medical  Benefits  and 
Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 


388 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Anthony  E.  Rand 

Senate  Majority  Leader 

Democrat,  Cumberland  County 

Nineteenth  Senatorial  District:  Bladen 
and  Portions  of  Cumberland  counties. 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Panther  Branch  Township,  Wake  Coun^*, 
on  September  1, 1939,  to  Walter  Rand,  Jr.  and 
Geneva  Yeargan  Rand. 

EducationalBacfiground 

Gamer  High  School,  1957;  B.A.  m  PoUtical 
Science,  University  of  North  Carolina,  1961;J.D., 
University  of  North  Carolina  School  of  Law,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1964. 

PwfessionalBackground 

Consultant,  Sonorex,  Inc. ;  President,  Rand  & 
Gregor}',  PA. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1981-88  and  1994-Present(Maj  out)' Leader,  1987-88  and  2001 -Present). 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  of  Trustees,  All  Kinds  of  Mmds;  Board  of  Directors,  New  Century  Bank  Corp;  Board  of  Directors, 
Legislative  Leaders  Foundation  Lenders. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Advisory  Budget  Commission;  Co-Chair,  Employee  Hospital  and  Medical  Benefits  Committee;  Board  of 
Directors  and  Treasurer,  General  Alumni  Association  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Honorary  Doctor  of  Laws  Degree,  Fayette\ille  State  University  2000;  Distinguished  Alumnus  Award/ 
Carolina  Law  Distinguished  Alumni  Award,  UNC-CH,  2001 ;  Honorary  Trustee  Fayetteville  Technicial 
Community  College,  2003. 

Personal  In  fonnation 

Mamed  to  Karen  Skarda  Rand  of  Downers  Grove,  Illinois,  on  May  30, 1981 .  Two  children.  Member,  St. 
Johns  Episcopal  Church,  Fayetteville. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate  and  Select  Committee  on  Employee  Hospital  and  Medical 
Benefits;  Vice  Chair,  Commerce;  Co-Chair,  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Ci\4l  Justice  Reform; 
Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Appropriations  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety  Education/Higher 
Education,  Finance,  Information  Technology  Judiciary  I,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  Transportation, 
Select  Committee  on  Laptops  in  the  Senate  Chamber  and  Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 


389 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Jeanne  Hopkins  Lucas 

Senate  Majority  Whip 

Democrat,  Durham  County 

Twentieth  Senatorial  District:  Portions  of 
Durham  County 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Durham,  Durham  County,  on  December 
25,  1935,  to  Robert  and  Bertha  Holman  Hopkins. 

EducatumalBackgrxtimd 

Hillside  High  School,  Durham,  1953;  B.A.,  N.C. 
Central  University,  1957;  M.A.,  N.C.  Central 
University,  1977. 

ProfessionalBacfzground 

Educator;  Director  Ci'etired),  School-Community  Relations,  Durham  Public  Schools, 
1992-93;  Director,  Personnel/Staff  Development,  Durham  City  Schools,  1991-92; 
Director,  Staff  Development  Center,  Durham  City  Schools,  1977-91;  President,  N.C. 
Association  of  Classroom  Teachers,  1975-76;  French  and  Spanish  Classroom 
Teacher,  Durham  Citv  Schools,  1957-75. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  (First  African-American  Female  in  N.C.  Senate),  N.C.  Senate,  1993-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Delta  Sigma  Theta  Sorority,  Inc.,  (Past  President);  N4ember,  Durham  Chapter  of 
Links,  Inc.,  (Past  President);  Member,  Durham  Committee  on  the  Affairs  of  Black 
People. 

Elective  andAppointedBoaixis  and  Commissions 

UNC  Board  of  Governors;  State  Health  Coordinating  Council;  Domestic  Violence 
Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

Inductee,  Legacy  of  African  American  Leadership  m  the  North  Carolina  General 
Assembly;  Recipient,  Luther  "Nick"  Jeralds  Advocacy  Award;  Certificate  of 
Appreciation,  Commission  on  Fair  Testing. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  William  "Bill"  Lucas.    Member,  Mount  Gilead  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignmetits 

Co-Chair,  Appropriations  on  Education/Higher  Education  and  Education/Higher 
Education;  Vice-Chair,  Agriculture/Environment/Naiural  Resources;  Member, 
Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Health  &  Human  Resources,  Judiciary  I,  Pensions  & 
Retirement  and  Aging  and  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform. 


I 


390 


mi 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


James  S.  Forrester,  MD 

Senate  Republican 
Leader 

Republican,  Gaston  County 

FoHy-Semnd  Senatorial  District  Lirtwln 
andPorihnsofCatawbacmd  Gaston 
counties 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  onjanuaiy  8, 1937, 
to  James  S.  and  Nancy  McLennan  Forrester. 

EducationalBackground 

New  Hanover  High,  1954;  B.S.  in  Science,  Eake 
Forest  University,  1958;  M.D.,  Bowman  Gray 
School  of  Medicine  ofWFU,  1962;  M.  PH.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1976;  Air  War  College,  1976. 

PrvfessionalBackground 

Physician,  Family  Practice. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1991 -Present;  County  Commissioner,  Gaston  County  1982-90;  Chair,  Board  of 
Commissioners,  1989-90. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Gaston  County  Medical  Society;  N.C.  Medical  Society;  Aerospace  Medical  Assoc. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Past  Vice-Chair,  Gaston-Lincoln  Mental  Health;  Past  President,  Gaston  County  Heart  Association;  Board 
of  Directors  (past) ,  Childrens  Council,  Gaston  County 

Military  Service 

N.C.  Air  National  Guard,  HQ  HCANG,  Brig  General,  Ret.;  Former  Commander  of  145  TAG  clinic  and 
State  Air  Surgeon;  Participated  in  air  evacuation  in  Vietnam. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Jefferson  Award  for  Public  Ser\ice,  1988;N.C.  Medical  Society  Physician  Community  Semce  Award,  1994; 
Distinguished  Achievement  Award,  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine,  Wake  Forest  University  1997. 

Personal  Information 

Mamed  to  Maiy  Frances  All  Forrester  of  Wilmington  on  March  12,1 960.  Four  children.  Fi\'e  gi-andchUdren. 
Member  and  Deacon,  First  Baptist  Church,  Stanley 

Committee  Assignments 

Rankmg  Minont)'  Member,  Appropriations  on  Health  and  Human  Services  and  Health  &  Human  Resources; 
Member,  Appropriations^ase  Budget,  Commerce,  Education/Higher  Education,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and 
Aging,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate,  Select  Committee  on  Employee  Hospital  and  Medical  Benefits, 
Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Ci\ll  Justice  Reform  and  Select  Committee  on  Militar)'  Affairs. 


391 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


FernH.Shubert 

Senate  Republican  Whip 

Repuhlican,  Union  County 

Thirty-Fifth  Senatorial  District: 
Union  and  Portions  of  Mecklenburg 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  to  Ernest  Lee  Haywood  of 
Waxhaw  and  Nell  Redfearn  Haywood 
of  Wingate. 

EducationalBackground 

Business  Administration,  Magna  Cum 
Laude,  Duke  University,  1969;  Passed 
CPA  Exam,  1969. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Certified  Public  Accountant,  Arthur  Anderson  &  Co.;  Internal  Revenue  Ser\ice,  j 
Raleigh  and  Houston,  Te.xas;  Tax  Director,  National  Bank  of  Washington. 

Political  Activities  j 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present;  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-1998 
and  2001-2002. 

Business/Professional,  Chaiitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Director,  National  Right  to  Read  Foundation;  American  Institute  ot  CP/\s; 
N.C.  Association  of  CPAs. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaiyis  and  Cornmissions 

Former  Member,  School  Capital  Construction  Study  Commission;  Former  Member,  i 
Marshville  Library  Task  Force;  Former  Member,  Citizens  Advisory  Task  Force,  Union  i 
County  Schools. 

Honors  and  Awards  ^ 

1998  NFIB  Guardian  of  Small  Business  Award;  1997  US  Small  Business  Accountant 
Advocate  Award  State,  Regional  and  National;  1996  NCEITA  21  Award  for 
Government  Ser\ace. 

Personallnfarmation 

Married,  Jerry  Shubert.    Two  children.    Member,  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Judiciary  II  and  Ways  and  Means. 


392 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Tom  Apodaca 

Senate  Deputy 
Republican  Whip 

Republican,  Henderson  County 

Forty-Eighth  Senatorial  District: 
Henderson,  Polk  and  Portions  of 
Buncombe  counties 

ProfessionalBackground 

Entrepreneur. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate  2003-Present. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Commerce,  Education/ 

Higher  Education,  Finance,  Judiciary 

II,  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform  and  Select  Committee 

on  Laptops  in  the  Senate  Chamber. 


393 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Charles  W.AIbertson 

Democrat,  Duplin 
County 

Tenth  Senatorial  District:  Duplin, 
Sampson  and  Portions  of  Harnett 
counties 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Beulaxillc,  Duplin  County,  on  Januaiy 
4, 1932,  to  James  Edward  and  Maty  Elizabeth 
NomsAlbeilson. 

EducationalBacIzgrvund 

Beula\ille  Elementaty  and  High  School,  1938- 
50;  Attended  James  Spmnt  Community 
College. 

Professional  Background 

Farmer,  Retired  PPQ  Officer,  USDA;  Professional  Musician;  SongwTiter  and  Publisher;  Recording  Artist. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1993-Present;  Member  N.C.  House  of  Representati\'es,  1989-92. 

Business^vfessionaly  Chantable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oiganizations 

BeukiMllc  Investors  Club;  North  Carolina  Farm  Bureau;  Co-coordinator,  Yokefellow  Pnson  Mimstity, 
1978-80, 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

James  Spmnt  Community  College,  Board  of  Trustees,  1 977- 1 992  ( Chair,  1 986- 1 989 ) ;  James  Spmnt 
Community  College  Foundation  Board  of  Directors,  1980;  Chair,  James  Spmnt  Community  College 
Foundation,  1983-1986. 

Military  Services 

SeiYed,U.S.  Air  Force,  1951-52. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Two  Certiticates  oi  Esteem  from  U.S.  Defense  Department  for  Entertaining  troops  in  26  counties;  Duplin 
County  Board  of  Commissioners  proclaimed  Chariie  Albcrtson  Day  May  25, 1975. 

Personal  In forviation 

Married  to  Grace  SholarAlbertson  on  Febman'  15, 1953.  Twochildren.  Three  grandchildren.  Member, 
Beula\4lle  Presbyterian  Church, 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources;  Vice  Chair,  Appropriations/Base  Budget  and 
Appropnations  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources;  Member,  Fuiance,  Judicial")'  I,  Pensions  &  Retirement 
and  Aging,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate ,  State  Go\'ernment ,  Local  Go\'emment  and  Veterans' 
Affairs,  Ways  and  Means  and  Select  Committee  on  Laptops  in  the  Senate  Chamber. 


394 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Austin  M.AIIran 

Republican,  Catawba 
County 

Forty-Fourth  Senatorial  District:  Burke 
and  Portions  of  Catawba  counties 


Early  Years 

Born  in  Hickory,  Catawba  County,  on 
December  13,  1951,  to  Albert  M.  and 
Mary  Ethel  Houser  Allran. 

EducationalBackgmund 

Hickory  High  School,  1970;  B.A.  m 
English  and  History,  Duke  University, 
1974;  J.D.,  Southern  Methodist 
University,  School  of  Law,  1978;  M.A.  in 
English,  North  Carolina  State  University,  1998. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney  At  Law. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate  1987-Present  (Senate  Mmonty  Whip,  1995-1996);  Member, 
N.C.  House,  1981-86. 

Business/F*rofessional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  State  Bar;  Catawba  County  Bar  Association;  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans; 
Catawba  County  Historical  Association;  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution;  Hickor}' 
Landmarks  Society;  Hickor)'  Museum  of  Art. 

Elective  and  J^pointed Boards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Trustees  and  Vice-President,  Hickory  Landmarks  Society;  Child  Fatality 
Task  Force;  Joint  Legislative  Oversight  Committee  on  Mental  Health. 

Honots  and  Awards 

1999  Legislator  of  the  Year,  Initiative  to  Reduce  Underage  Drinking;  1992  Taxpayers' 
Best  Friend,  N.C.  Taxpayers  United;  1999  Certificate  of  Appreciation  Award,  Catawba 
County  Partnership  Against  Underage  Drinking. 

Personal  Information 

Married  to  Judy  Mosbach  Allran  on  September  27,  1980.  Two  children,  Life-long 
member,  Corinth  Reformed  United  Church  of  Christ,  Hickory. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources,  Health  &  Human  Resources 
and  Judiciary  II;  Co-Chair,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging;  Ranking  Minority 
Member,  Education/Higher  Education  and  Ways  and  Means;  Member,  Finance. 


395 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Patrick  J.  Ballantine 

Republican,  New  Hanover 
County 

(Resigned,  April  19,  2004) 

Fourth  Senatorial  District:  Portions  of 
Carteret,  New  Hanover,  Onslow  and 
Pender  counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  m  Grand  Fe^rks,  North  Dakota,  on 
March  17,  1965,  to  James  Qinton  and 
Margaret  Wilker  Ballantine. 

EducationalBackgwund 

Cape  Fear  Academy,  Wilmington,  N.C., 
1983;  B.A.  m  Political  Science,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1987;  J.D.,  University  of 
Dayton  School  of  Law,  1990. 

Ptx)fessionalBaclzgtx)und 

Attorney  and  Businessman. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1994-2004  (Minority  Leader,  1999-2004). 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Rotary,  National  Republican  Legislators  Association;  Friends  of  Airlie  Gardens. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixls  and  Commissions 

American  Lung  Association;  New  Hanover  County  Children's  Museum;  New  Hanover 
County  Crime  Commission. 

Personal  In fonnation 

Married  to  Lisa  Beard  Ballantine  of  Fort  Worth,  Texas  on  August  10,  1991.  One  | 
child.  Member,  St.  Andrews  on  the  Sound  Episcopal  Church.  \ 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Commerce;  Ranking  Minority  Member,  Insurance  and  Consumer 
Protection  and  Redistrictmg;  Member,  Finance,  Judiciary  1  and  Ways  and  Means.     ■ 


396 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Philip  Edward  Berger 

Republican,  Rockingham  County 

Twenty-Sixth  Senatorial  District:  Rockingham  and 
Portions  of  Guilford  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  New  Rochelle,  New  York,  on  August  8, 
1952,  to  Francis  H.  and  Eunice  Talley  Berger. 

EducationalBackgroitnd 

George  Washington  High  School,  Danville,  Va., 
1970;  Studied  Business,  Danville  Community 
College,  B.A.  in  Sociology,  Averett  College,  1980; 
J.D.,  Wake  Forest  University  University,  School  of  Law,  1982. 

ProfessUmalBackgroumi 

Attorney  at  Law,  The  Berger  Law  Firm. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate  2001-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Executive  Board;  Old  North  State  Council;  Boy  Scouts  of  America;  Director,  HELP, 
Inc. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married  to  Patricia  Hays  Berger.  Three  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Eden. 

Committee  Assignments 

,\  ice-Chair,  Judiciary  1;  Ranking  Minority  Member,  Commerce;  Member, 
'Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Appropriations  on  Department  of  Transportation, 
;  Finance,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate, 
i  State  Government,  Local  Government,  and  Veterans'  Affairs,  Transportation,  Ways 
and  Means  and  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform. 


397 


.^  ..-^i^pl 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Stan  Bingham 

Republican,  Davidson  County 

Tliirty-Hiird  Senatorial  District:  Davidson  and 
Portions  of  Guilford  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Clemmons,  Forsyth  County,  on  December 
29,  1945,  to  Hal  J.  and  Edna  Walker  Bingham  (both 
deceased). 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Southwestern  Forsyth  High  School,  1964;  B.S.  in 
Forestry,  N.C.  State  University,  1968. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Founded  Bingham  Lumber  Company  and  The 

Denton  Orator  (a  weekly  newspaper)  and  several  other  businessses  in  the  Davidson 

County  area. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2000-Present;  Davidson  County  Commissioners,  1990-1994; 
Chairman  of  the  Davidson  County  Board  of  Commissioners,  1994,  Vice  Chairman, 
1992-1992. 

Business/Professiona,  Charitable/Civic,  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member,  First  Bank  Board  of  Directors,  1988-Present;  Board  Member,  Communities 
in  School,  2002-Present;  Board  Member,  United  Way 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Joint  Select  Committee  on  Economic  Growth  &  Development;  Child  Fatality  Task 
Force;  N.C.  Public  Health  Task  Force. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Myers/Huneycutt  Award  for  Outstanding  Citizenship,  Thomasville  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  Awarded  for  Public  Service  m  1997  by  the  Lexington  Area  Lions  Club; 
Distinguished  Citizen  of  the  Year,  N.C.  District  West  Civitan  International,  1996. 

Personallnjbrmation 

Married,  Married  Lora  Faley  Bingham.  Four  children.  Member,  First  United  Methodist 
Church,  Denton. 

Committee  Assignments 

Co-Chair,  Health  &  Human  Resources;  Ranking  Minority  Member,  Appropriations 
on  Justice  and  Public  Safety;  Member,  Agnculture/Emaronment/Natural  Resources, 
Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Education/Higher  Education,  Judiciary  II,  Pensions 
&  Retirement  and  Aging,  and  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice 
Reform. 


398 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Harris  Blake 

Republican,  Moore  County 

Twenty-Second  Senatorial  District: 
Lee,  Moore  and  Portions  of  Harnett 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Jackson  Springs,  Moore  County 
on  November  3,  1929,  to  Evander  and 

■  Claudia  Parker  Blake. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

'  West  End  High  School,   1948;  Elon 
'  College,  1948. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Self-Employed,  Real  Estate. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate  2003-Present;  Moore  County  Board  of  Elections. 

Business/F^fessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

President,  NC/SC  Elmco;  Moore  Regional  Hospital;  Sandhills  Community  College 
Trustee. 

'  Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

■  N.C.  Housmg  &  Financing  Authority;  First  Savings  Bank;  Moore  County  Schools. 

Military  Service 

'  Sergeant,  U.S.  Army,  530  Company  B,  1951-1953;  Good  Conduct  Award. 

j  Honors  and  Awards 

Moore  Regional  Hospital,  2004;  Jackson  Springs  Mens  Club. 

i  Personallnfbrmation 

Married  to  Barbara  Ruth  Carter  Blake.  One  child.  Member,  Pinehurst  Community 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Appropriations  on  Health  and  Human 
Services,  Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging 
and  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform. 


399 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Andrew  C.  Brock 

Republican,  Davie  County 

TJiirty -Fourth  Senatorial  District: 
Davie,  Yadkin  and  Portions  of 
Rowan  counties 

PiT)fessioiialBacligrx)und 

Consultant. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate  2003-Present. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agricullurc/Environment/ 
Natural  Resources,  Appropriations/ 
Base  Budget,  Finance,  Pensions  & 
Retirement  and  Aging  and 
Transportation. 


400 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Robert  C.  Carpenter 

Republican,  Macon  County 

Fiftieth  Senatorial  District:  Cherokee,  Clay,  Gra- 
ham, Jaclzson,  Macon,  Swain,  Transylvania  and 
portions  of  Haywood  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Franklin,  Macon  County,  on  June  18,  1924, 
to  Edgar  J.  and  Eula  Dean  Carpenter. 

EducaUonalBackgroimd 

Franklin  High  School,  1942;  Western  Carolina 
i  University;  UNC-Chapel  Hill  Pre-flight  School; 
Purdue  University,  LUTC;  Graduate,  University  of 
Virginia  School  of  Consumer  Banking. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired,  Vice  President  and  City  Executive,  First  Union  National  Bank,  Franklin. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1989-Present. 

Business/Professional,  ChaHtable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Director,  Franklin  Rotary  Club  (President,  1959),  (Member  for  47  years);  American 
,  Legion  Post  108;  Knights  of  Columbus. 

.  Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

'  Smoky  Mountain  Mental  Health  Foundation;  NC  ACC  Cancer-Coordiation  and 
'  Control. 

I  Military  Activities 

'  Pilot,  U.S.  Navy,  1943-45. 

i  Honors  and  Awards 

'  Honorary  Chairman,  Macon-Franklin  Relay  for  Life;  Cancer  Control  Plan,  2002- 
2006;  N.C.  Advisory  Committee  on  Cancer  Control;  Speaker,  National  Conference 
of  State  Legislators. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  T.  Helen  Edwards  Bryant  Carpenter.   Eight  children;  Eighteen  grandchildren. 
■  Member,  Saint  Francis  Catholic  Church,  Franklin. 

Committee  Assignments 

,  Ranking  Minority  Member,  Appropriations  on  Department  oi  Transportation; 
Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Commerce,  Judiciary  I,  Pensions  & 
Retirement  and  Aging  and  Transporation. 


401 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

JohnH.Carrington 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Fifteenth  Senatorial  District:  Portions 
of  Wake  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  on 
October  25,  1934,  to  William  E.  and 
Doretta  Keys  Carrington. 

EducationalBackground 

Miami  Edison  High  School,  Miami 
Florida,  1957;  Mechanical  Engineering, 
Pennsylvania  Military  College 
(Widener  College),  1962;  Eorensic 
Sciences,  American  Institute  of  AppUed 
Sciences,  1960. 

ProfessmnalBacliground 

CEO/Director,  the  Sirchie  Group  of  Companies. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  North  Carolina  Senate,  199 5 -Present. 

Business/Pix)fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Cotntnuniiy  Service  Organizations 

Board  Member,  John  Locke  Foundation;  Shriner. 

Military  Service 

Served  U.S.  Army,  3rd  Army  Airborne  Training  School,  1st  Special  Troops  Brigade, 
1953-55;  Highest  rank  of  E-3;  Parachutist  Badge;  Parachute  Packing  and  Aerial 
Deliveiy  Badge. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Two  children;  Three  grandchildren.  Protestant. 

Committee  Assignments 

Co-Chair,  Information  Technology  and  Select  Committee  on  Laptops  in  the  Senate 
Chamber;  Ranking  Minorit)'  Member,  Finance;  Member,  Rules  and  Operations  of 
the  Senate,  Transportation  and  Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 


402 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Daniel  G.CIodfelter 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg 
County 

Tliirty-Seventh  Senatorial  District- 
Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Born  111  Thomasville,  Davidson  County 
on  June  2,  1950,  to  Billy  G.  and  Lorene 
Wells  Clodfelter. 

EducationalBackground 

Thomasville  Senior  High  School,  1968; 
Bachelor's,  Davidson  College,  1972; 
Bachelors,  Oxford  University,  1974;  Law 
Degree,  Yale  Law  School,  1977. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney  at  law,  Moore  &  Van  Allen. 
PLLC. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1998-Present;  Member,  Charlotte  City  Council. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Trustee,  Z.  Smith  Reynolds  Foundation,  Inc. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Governors  Commission  on  Modernization  of  State  Finances;  Tax  Policy 
Commission;  Co-Chair,  Smart  Growth  Oversight  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

\911  Rhodes  Scholar. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  to  Elizabeth  K.  Bevan.  Two  children. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chairman,  Judiciary  1;  Vice-Chair,  Finance;  Co-Chair,  Select  Committe  on  Insurance 
and  Civil  Justice  Reform;  Member,  Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources, 
Appropriations  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Pensions 
&  Retirement  and  Aging,  State  Government,  Local  Government  and  Veterans'  Affairs 
and  Select  Committee  on  Laptops  in  the  Senate  Chamber. 


403 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Walter  Harvey  Dalton 

Democrat,  Rutherford 
County 

Forty-Sixth  Senatorial  District:  Cleve- 
land and  Rutherford  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Rutherfordton  on  May  21,  1949, 
to  Charles  C.  and  Amanda  Haynes 
Dalton. 

EducationalBackground 

Rutherfordton-Spmdale  High  School, 
1963-67;  B.S,  m  Business 
Administration,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1971;  J.D,,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of 
Law,  1975. 

ProfessionalBackgrryund 

Attorney,  Nanney,  Dalton  &  Miller. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Present. 

Business/Pix)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Former  Member,  Child  Abuse  Prevention  Society;  Member,  North  Carolina  State 
Bar;  Member,  South  Carolina  State  Bar. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

Director,  Southern  Region  Education  Board;  Former  President,  Rutherford  County 
Bar;  Chairman,  Board  of  Trustees,  Isothermal  Community  College,  1995-97. 

Honoris  andAwards 

Honorary  Doctorate  m  Humanities,  Gardner- Webb  University;  Honorary  Life 
Member,  Rutherford  Countv  Fire  Service,  1992;  Leiiislator  of  the  Year  for  Region  C 
Law  Enforcement,  1997  and  1999. 

Personal 

Married  Lucille  Hodge  Dalton.  Two  children.  Member,  Spindale  United  Methodist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate;  Co-Chair,  Appropriations/Base 
Budget  and  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging;  Member,  Commerce,  Education/ 
Higher  Education  and  Judiciar)'  II. 


404 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Katie  Grays  Dorsett 

Democrat,  Guilford  County 

Twenty-Eighth  Senatorial  District:  Portions  of 
Guilford  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Greensboro,  Sunflower  County, 
Mississippi  on  July  8,  1932,  to  Willie  and 
Elizabeth  Grays  Dorsett. 

EducaikmalBackgroimd 

Southern  Christian  Institute,  Edwards,  Mississippi, 
1949;  B.S.  in  Business,  Alcorn  State  University, 
1953;  M.S.  m  Business  Education,  Indiana 
University,  1955;  Ed.D.,  University  of  North 
Carolina  at  Greensboro,  1975. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  North  Carolina  Senate,  2003-Present;  Cabinet  Secretary,  Department  of 
Administration;  Guilford  County  Board  of  Commissioners,  Member,  Greensboro 
City  Council. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Sickle  Cell  Disease  Association  of  America;  National  Black  Caucus  of  State  Legislators; 
Women  in  Government. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Workforce  Awareness  Commission;  Environment  Review  Commission;  Urban 
Transportation  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

Outstanding  Citizen/Mid- Adantic  Region,  Alpha  Kappa  Alpha  Sorority;  Woman  of 
Eaith,  Greensboro,  N.C.;  Outstanding  Public  Servant,  N.C.  Council  for  Women. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  to  Warren  G.  Dorsett.  One  child.  Member,  Bethel  AME  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  on  General  Government  and  Information  Technology; 
Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Commerce,  Education/Higher  Education, 
Judiciary  11,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  State  Government,  Local  Government 
and  Veterans'  Affairs  and  Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 


405 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Virginia  Foxx 

Republican,  Watauga  County 

Forty-Fifth  Senatorial  District: 
Alleg}iany,As}ie,  Caldwell,  Watauga  and 
Portions  of  Wilkes  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  111  New  York  City,  N.Y.,  on  June  29, 
1943,  to  Nunzio  John  and  DoUie  Garrison 
Palmieri. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Crossnore  High  School,  Crossnore,  N.C., 
1957-1961;  A.B.  m  Enghsh,  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1968;  M.A.CT,  in  Sociology,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1972;  Ed.D.  in  Curriculum 
and  Teaching,  UNC-Greensboro,  1985. 

ProfessionalBacfiground 

Owner,  Grandiather  Mountain  Nursery;  Vice-President,  Foxx  Family,  Inc.;  Former 
President,  Mayland  Community  College;  Former  Assistant  Dean,  General  College, 
Appalachian  State  University;  Deputy  Secretar);  Department  of  Administration. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  North  Carolina  Senate,  1995-Present;  Watauga  County  Board  of  Education, 
1976-1988. 

Business/F*tx)fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Center  for  Public  Policy  Research  Board;  N.C.  FREE;  UNC  Board  of  Visitors. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boaryis  and  Commissions 

Partner,  NC  Civic  Education  Consortium;  ROAN  Scholarship  Selection  Committee, 
ETSU;  Member,  Banner  Elk  Chamber  of  Commerce  Board,  1990-94. 

Honors  andAwards 

2002  Contributions  to  Sociology  Award,  North  Carolina  Sociological  Association; 
2001  Roosevelt  Global  Leadership  Institute;  2000  Guardian  of  Small  Business 
Award,  National  Federation  of  Independent  Businesses. 

Personal  Information 

Married  to  Thomas  Allen  Foxx.  One  child.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  St.  Elizabeth 
of  the  Hill  Countiy  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  i\ppropriations  on  General  Government  and  Information  Technology; 
Ranking  Minority  Member,  Information  Technology;  Member,  Appropriations/Base 
Budget,  Commerce,  Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Pensions  &  Retirement 
and  Aging. 


406 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Linda  Garrou 

Democrat,  Forsyth  County 

Thirty-Second  Senatorial  District: 
Portions  of  Forsyth  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Atlanta,  Georgia,  to  Joe  and 
Rubye  Spears  Dew. 

EducationalBachgroimd 

Columbus  High  School,  Columbus,  Ga., 
1960;  B.S.  Ed.  in  Secondary  Education 
(History),  University  of  Georgia,  1964; 
M.A.T.  m  History,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1967. 

ProfessktnalBackground 

High  School  Teacher. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  North  Carolina  Senate,  1998-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Guardian  Ad  Litem  (District  Administrator,  1987-91;  Regional  Administrator,  1991- 
97);  Forsyth  County  Juvenile  Justice  Council;  Big  Brother-Big  Sister. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Railroad;  VA/NC  High-Speed  Rail  Commission;  Sentencing  and  Parole 
Commission. 

Honors  andAivards 

Ellen  Winston  Award  for  Service  to  Children  in  North  Carolina,  State  Council  for 
Social  Legislation. 

Personal  Information 

Married  to  John  L.W  Garrou.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Winston-Salem. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Information  Technology;  Co-Chair,  Appropriations/Base  Budget  and 
Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging;  Member,  Commerce,  Education/Higher 
Education,  Finance,  Judiciary  I,  Transportation  and  Select  Committee  on  Employee 
Hospital  and  Medical  Benehts. 


407 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


John  Allen  Garwood 

Republican,  Wilkes  County 

Forty-Fifth  Senatorial  District: 
Alexander,  Ashe,  Watauga,  Willies  and 
Yadkin  counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  on  Julv  8,  1932,  m  North 
Wilkesboro  to  James  Lemuel  and  Annie 
Lura  Canigan  Garwood. 

EducationcUBaclzgwimd 

Wilkesboro  High  School,  Wilkesboro, 
1951;  B.S.  m  Business  Education, 
Appalachian  State  University,  1957. 

ProfesshnalBackground 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1996-Present;  Chair,  Wilkes  County  Commission,  1992- 
94. 

Busiiiess/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizatiorts 

Member,  Local  Board,  First  Citizens  Bank,  1975-2000;  Member,  UNC  Board  of 
Governors,  1985-96;  Member,  Appalachian  State  University  Board  ol  Tmstees,  1973- 
80  (Chair,  1979-80). 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixls  and  Commissions 

LJNC  Board  of  Governors;  Advisoiy  Board,  College  of  Agriculture  &  Life  Sciences, 
N.C.  State  University 

Military  Service 

Sergeant,  11th  Airborne,  U.S.  Army  1953-55,  Korean  War. 

Honors  andAwaiiis 

Outstanding  Alumnus  Award,  Appalachian  State  llmversity,  1997. 

Personal  Information 

Married  Wanda  Bandy  Garwood  on  August  3,  1957.  Three  children.  Five 
grandchildren.  Member,  Wilkesboro  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropriations/Base  Budget, 
Appropriations  on  EducationAligher  Education,  Education/Higher  Education,  Health 
Care,  State  and  Local  Government. 


408 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Wib  Gulley 

Democrat,  Durham  County 

(Resigned  March  19,  2004) 

Eighteenth  Senotorial  District:  Durham, 
Granville  and  Portions  of  Person  and 
WaJ^  counties 

Early  Years 

Bora  m  Little  Rock,  Arkansas,  on  July 
31,  1948,  to  Wilbur  R  Gulley,  Jr.  and  Jane 
Harrison  Ashley  Gulley 

EducationalBackground 

Hall  High  School,  1966;  Bachelor  of  Arts 
m  History,  Duke  University,  1970;  J.D., 
Northeastern  University,  School  of  Law, 
1981. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney  and  Partner,  Law  hrm  of  Gulley  and  Calhoun. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1993-2004;  Mayor,  City  of  Durham,  1985-89;  Member, 
Democratic  National  Committee,  1986-87;  Member,  N.C.  Democratic  Party, 
Executive  Committee,  1986-95;  First  Vice-Chair,  Durham  County  Democratic  Party, 
1983-86. 

Business/Professional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member  of  Board  and  Past  Chair,  Triangle  Transit  Authority;  Member,  Transit  2001 
Commission;  Board  Member  and  Past  Chair,  Durham  Service  Corps. 

Honors  andAwards 

First  Breath  of  Life  Award,  N.C.  Lung  Association  and  N.C.  Thoracic  Society,  2002; 
1995  Outstanding  Legislator  Award,  N.C.  Chapter,  American  Planning  Association; 
The  1996  Margaret  Sanger  Award  from  Planned  Parenthood. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Charlotte  L.  Nelson.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
Durham. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  on  Department  of  Transportation;  Vice-Chair,  Agriculture/ 
Environment/Natural  Resources,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate  and 
Transportation;  Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Education/Higher  Education, 
Finance,  Information  Technology,  Judiciary  1  and  Redistricting. 


409 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


KayHJagan 

Democrat,  Guilford  County 

Twenty-Seventh  Senatorial  District- 
Portions  of  Guilford  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Shelby,  N.C.,  to  Joseph  P.  and 
Jeanette  Chiles  Ruthven. 

EducationalBackgtx)und 

Lakeland  High  School,  Lakeland,  Fla., 
1971;  Bachelor  of  Arts,  Florida  State 
University,  1975;  J.D.,  Wake  Forest 
University,  School  of  Law,  1978. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney  at  law. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1999-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Seixiice  Ot^anizatioiis 

Legal  Representative,  Ethics  Committee,  Cone  Hospital;  Executive  Committee,  UNC- 
Greensboro  Excellence  Foundation;  Advisory  Council,  Greensboro  Convention  & 
Visitors  Bureau. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

NCA^A  High-Speed  Rail  Commission;  Underage  Drinking  Study  Commission;  Child 
Well-Being  &  Domestic  Violence  Task  Force. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Charles  Tilden  Hagan.  Three  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Co-Chair,  Appropriations/Base  Budget  and  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Agmg; 
Member,  Commerce,  Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Inlormation  Technology, 
Judiciar}'  II,  Select  Committee  on  Employee  Hospital  and  Medical  Benefits,  Select 
Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform  and  Select  Committee  on  Laptops 
in  the  Senate  Chamber. 


410 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Cecil  Hargett 

Democrat,  Onslow  County 

Sixth  Senatorial  District:  Jones  and 
Onslow  counties 

PmfessionalBackground 

Business  Owner;  Real  Estate  Investor. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs; 

Vice-Chair,  State  Government,  Local 

Government  and  Veterans  Affairs;  Member, 

Agriculture/Environment/Natural 

Resources,  Appropriattions/Base  Budget, 

Appropriations     on     Department     of 

Transportation,         Education/Higher 

Education,  Judiciary  1,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  Transportation  and  Ways 

and  Means. 


411 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Fletcher  Lee  Hartsell,  Jr. 

Republican,  Cabarrus 
County 

Tliirty-Sixth  Senatorial  District: 
Cabarrus  and  Portions  of  Rowan 
counties 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Concord,  Cabarrus  County,  on  February 
15, 1947,  to  Fletcher  L.  Hartsell,  Sr.  and  Dons 
Wright  Hartsell. 

EducationalBackgwund 

Concord  High  School,  1965;  A.B.  in  PoUtical 
Science,  Davidson  College,  1969;  J. D.,  UNC- 
ChapelHilU972. 

Professional  Backgtvund 

Attome\;  Hartsell,  Hartsell  &  Williams,  PA. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1991-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Cabamis  County  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Council  of  School  Attorneys;  National  Association  of  Veterans' 
Advocates. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Visitors,  UNC-Chapel  Hill;  Public  School  Foaim;  N.C.  Economic  Development  Board. 

Military  Service 

First  Lieutenant,  U.S.  Amiy 

Honors  and  Awards 

Order  of  the  Long  Leaf  Pine;  1997  Outstanding  Legislator  Award,  N.C.  Academ\'  of  Tnal  Liwyers. 

Personal  In  fonnation 

Mamed,  Tana  Renee  Honeycutt  Hartsell.  Three  children.  Member,  McGill  Avenue  Baptist  Church, 

Committee  Assignments 

Chaimian,  Judiciary  11;  Ranking  Minority  Member,  State  Go\'emment ,  Local  Government  and  Veterans' 
Affairs;  Member,  Agriculaire/Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropnations^ase  Budget,  Appropriations 
on  Education/Higher  Education,  Eucation/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Health  &  Human  Resources, 
Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Ci\il  Justice  Refomi  and  Select  Committee  on  Laptops  in  the  Senate 
Chamber. 


412 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Robert  Lee  Holloman 

Democrat,  Hertford  County 

Fourth  Senatorial  District:  Gates, 
Halifax,  Hertford,  Northampton, 
Warren  and  portions  of  Vance  counties 

EducationalBaekground 

Theology,  Shaw  Divinity  School. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present; 
County  Commissioner,  Hertford 
County;  Former  First  Black  Chair, 
Democratic  Party  of  Hertford  County. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/ 
Civic  or  Community  Service  Organi- 
zations 

Former  Member,  Board  of  Trustees,  Rowan  Chowan  Community  College;  Former 
Member,  Board  of  Directors  of  Choanoke  Area  Development  Association,  Bertie, 
Halifax  and  Hertford  counties;  Former  Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  Department  of 
Social  Ser\dces,  Hertford  County. 

Elective  andJ^pointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Hurricane  Evacuation  Standards  Study  Commission;  Governors  Crime  Commission; 
Joint  Legislative  Corrections,  Crime  Control  and  Juvenile  Justice  Committee. 

Honors  andAwards 

Resolution  of  Appreciation,  Hertford  County  Board  of  Commissioners,  2003; 
Appropriation  Plaque,  Gates  Correctional  Center,  2003;  Outstanding  Contribution 
Award,  CS  Brown  Regional  Cultural  Arts  Center  &  Museum,  2003. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married  Velma  Murphy  Holloman.  One  child.  One  grandchild.  Member,  Nebo  Baptist 
Church,  Murfreesboro. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety;  Member,  Agriculture/ 
Environment/Natural  Resources;  Appropriations/Base  Budget;  Education/Higher 
Education;  Information  Technology;  Judiciary  II;  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging 
and  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Ci\'il  Justice  Reform. 


413 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Hamilton  C.Horton,  Jr. 

Republican,  Forsyth 
County 

Tliirty-First  Senatorial  District: 
Portions  of  Forsyth  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Winston-Salem  on  August  6,  1931,  to 
Haniilion  Cowles  and  Virginia  Lee  Wiggins 
Horton. 

EducationalBac}igir)und 

R.J.  Reynolds  High  School,  Winston-Salem,  1949; 
A.B.  inHistor)',UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1953;  LLB., 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1956;  Summer  study  at 
Umversite  De  Grenoble,  1950,  and  Universtat  Von 
Salzburg,  1952. 

PivfessionalBacligrvund 

Attomex: 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1971-74, 1995-Present;  Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1969-1970. 

Business/Pix)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Bar  Association;  Forsvth  County  Bar  Association  (President,  1989-90V  2h'  Distnct  Bar  Association 
(President,  1989-90). 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxls  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Board  on  State  Goals  and  Policies  (Vice-Chair,  1987-92);  N.C.  Recreational  and  Natural  Heritage 
Tmst  (Chair,  1991-94);  N.C.  Milk  Commission  (Chair,  1974). 

Military  Service 

Lieutenant,  U.S.  Naw,  8th  Naval  Distnct,  1956-60. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Car ra way  Award,  Presewation  North  Carolina,  1997;  Outdoor  Recreation  Achievement  Award,  U.S. 
Department  of  the  Intenor,  1976;  New  River  Award,  Consen'ation  Council  of  N.C,  1976. 

Personal  Information 

Mamed  to  Evelyn  Hanes  Moore  Horton.  One  child.  Member,  Calvary  Mora\'ian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Education/Higher  Education;  Ranking  Minonty  Member,  Agnculture/Emironment/Natural 
Resources,  Appropriations  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources,  Rules  arid  Operations  of  the  Senate;  Member, 
Appropnations^ase  Budget, Judiciar)- 1,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  arid  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and 
Ci\il  Justice  Refomi 


414 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


David  William  Hoyle 

Democrat,  Gaston  County 

Forty-Third  Senatorial  District:  Por- 
tions of  Gaston  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Gastonia  on  Februaiy  4,  1939, 
to  William  Atkin  and  Ethel  Brown  Hoyle. 

EducationalBackground 

Dallas  High  School,  Dallas,  N.C.,  1957; 
B.A.  in  Business  Administration,  Lenoir- 
Rhyne  College,  1960. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Real  Estate  Investor/Developer,  DWH 
Investments. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1993-Present;  Mayor,  Town  of  Dallas,  1967-71;  Chair,  Gaston 
County  Democratic  Party. 

Biisiness^Professional,  ChaHtahle/Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  Citizens  South  Bank;  Board  of  Directors,  The  Shaw  Group; 
Founder/President,  Summey  Building  Systems,  Inc. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Board  of  Transportation,  1977-1984;  Past  President,  Piedmont  Educational 
Foundation;  Former  Chair  and  Member  (17  years).  Board  of  Trustees,  Lenoir- Rhyne 
College. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Honorary  Doctor  of  Laws,  Lenoir- Rhyne  College,  1983. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  to  Lmda  Summey  Hoyle.  Two  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member, 
Holy  Communion  Lutheran  Church,  Dallas  N.C. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Commerce  and  Transportation;  Co-Chair,  Finance  and  Select  Committee 
on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform;  Member,  Appropiations  on  General 
Government  and  Information  Technology,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Education/ 
Higher  Education,  Health  &  Human  Resources,  Judiciary  1,  Pensions  &  Retirement 
and  Aging,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate,  Ways  and  Means  and  Select 
Committee  on  Employee  Hospital  and  Medical  Benefits.. 


415 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Ralph  Alexander  Hunt 

Democrat,  Durham  County 

Appointed  ApHl  21, 2004 

Eighteenth  Senatorial  District: 
Granville,  Person  and  Portions  of 
DurJiam  counties 

Early  Yearn 

Born  in  Oxford,  Granville  County,  to 
Johnnie  and  Amanda  Harris  Hunt, 

EducationalBackgrx)und 

Mary  Potter  High  School,  1950;  B.A., 
Johnson  C.  Smith  University,  1956;  M.A., 
NCCU,  1964. 

ProfessionalBackgmund 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  Senate  2004;  Member,  Senate  1985-1993;  Durham  City  Council,  10  years. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Utilities  Commission. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army,  2  years. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married  to  Elvira  Rebecca  Cooke  Hunt.  Three  children. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations  on  General  Government  and  Information  Technology, 
Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropriations/Base  Budget, 
Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Information  Technology,  Judiciary  I,  Pensions 
&  Retirement  and  Agmg,  Transportation,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate  and 
Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform. 


416 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


S.Clark  Jenkins 

Democrat,  Edgecombe 
County 

Third  Senatorial  District:  Bertie, 
Edgecombe,  Martin,  Tyrrell,  Washing- 
ton and  Portions  of  Pitt  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Tarboro,  Edgecombe  County, 
on  April  28,  1948,  to  Francis  P.  and 
Virginia  Clark  Jenkins. 

EducationalBackground 

Blue  Ridge  School,  Dyke  VA,  1966;  B.A., 
Campbell  University,  1971. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Owner,  W  S.  Clark  Farms. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2002-Present. 

Military  Service 

Sgt.,  N.C.  Coast  Guard,  1967-1973. 

Personallnformaiion 

Married  to  Mary  Jane  Pierce  Jenkins.  Four  children.  One  grandchild.  Member, 
Calvary  Episcopal  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  on  Department  of  Transportation;  Member,  Agriculture/ 
Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Education/Higher 
Education,  Judiciary  I,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  Select  Committee  on 
Insurance  and  Ci\il  Justice  Reform,  Transportation  and  Ways  and  Means. 


417 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

John  Hosea  Kerr,  III 

Democrat,  Wayne  County 

Seventh  Senatorial  District:  Greene,  Lenoir 
and  portions  of  Wayne  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Richmond,  Virginia,  on  February  28, 
1936,  lo  John  H.,  Jr.,  and  Mary  Hmton  Duke 
Kerr. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

John  Graham  High  School,  Warrenton,  NC, 
1954;  A.B.,  University  of  Nordi  Carolina,  1958; 
J.D.  with  Honors,  University  of  North  Carolina 
School  of  Lav/,  1961. 

PmfessionalBackground 

Attorney,  Partner  in  Warren,  Kerr,  Walston,  Taylor 
and  Smith,  LLP 

Political  Activities 

N.C.  Senate,  1993-Present;  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1987-92;  Past  Chair, 
Wayne  County  Democratic  Executive  Committee,  1980-85;  Precmct  Chair;  Past 
President,  Wayne  County  Young  Democrats. 

Business/Prx)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Goldsboro  Rotary  Club;  Wayne  County  Chamber  of  Commerce;  N.C.  Bar 
Association. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

BB&T  Advisory  Board;  Past  Chair,  Wayne  County  Chapter,  American  Red  Cross; 
Past  Chair,  Morehead  Foundation,  District  II  Committee. 

Military  Service 

Sergeant,  N.C.  National  Guard,  1954-62. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Goldsboro  Charter  Chapter  American  Business  Women,  Boss  of  the  Year,  1978; 
Jaycee  Key  Man  Award;  Phi  Beta  Kappa. 

Personal  Infbnnation 

Married  to  Sandra  Edgerton  Kerr.  Two  children.  Member,  Madison  Avenue  Baptist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Co-Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Appropriations  on  Health 
and  Human  Ser\'ices,  Commerce,  Judiciaiy  11,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging, 
Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  and  Ways  and  Means. 


418 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Eleanor  Gates  Kinnaird 

Democrat,  Orange  County 

Twenty-Third  Senatorial  District:  CJiatham  and 
Orange  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  November  14,  1931,  in  Rochester, 
Minnesota,  to  Judge  Vernon  and  Madge  Pollock 
Gates. 

EducationalBackground 

Rochester  High  School,  Rochester,  Minnesota, 
1949;  B.A.  in  English  and  Music,  Carleton 
College,  1953;  M.M.  m  Music,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1973;  J.D.,  N.C.  Central  University  School  of 
Law,  1992. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney,  N.C.  Prisoner  Legal  Services,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Present;  Mayor,  Town  of  Carrboro,  1987-95. 

Business/Professional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  of  Governors,  Summit  House;  Board  of  Directors,  Adolescent  Pregnancy 
Prevention  of  North  Carolina;  Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  Our  Children's  Place. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Environmental  Review  Commission;  Co-Chair,  Joint  Legislative  Commission  on 
Children  and  Youth;  Governors  Domestic  Violence  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

2000  Outstanding  Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers;  2003 
Faith  Active  in  Public  Life  Award,  N.C.  Council  of  Churches;  2002  Gwyneth  B. 
Davis  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  Women  Attorneys. 

Personallnformation 

Three  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  Chapel  of  the  Cross  Episcopal  Church, 
Chapel  Hill. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  State  Government,  Local  Government  and  Veterans  Affairs;  Vice-Chair, 
Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources,  and  Appropriations  on  General 
Government  and  Information  Technology;  Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget, 
Finance,  Health  &  Human  Resources,  Judiciary  II,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and 
Aging  and  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate. 


419 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Vernon  Malone 

Democrat,  Wake  County 

Fourteenth  Senatorial  District: 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

PmfessionalBacfigrx)und 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,     Appropriations     on 

Education/Higher  Education; 

Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget, 

Commerce,         Education/Higher 

Education,    Health    and    Human 

Resources,  Judiciary  I,  Pensions  & 

Retirement  and  Aging,  State  Government,  Local  Go\'ernment  and  Veterans'  Affairs 

and  Wavs  and  Means. 


420 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Stephen  Michael 
Metcalf 

Democrat,  Buncombe 

(Resigned  February  2,  2004) 

Forty-Ninth  Senatorial  District: 
Portions  of  Buncombe  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Asheville,  Buncombe 
County,  to  Edgar  Byrd  and  Louella 
Crowder  Metcalf. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Enka  High  School,  Enka,  N.C., 
1968;  B.A.  m  Political  Science, 
Appalachian  State  University,  1973; 
Masters  in  Public  Administration, 
University  of  Tennessee-Knoxville, 
1984. 

ProfessionalBackground 

University  Administrator,  Western  Carolina  University. 

PoliticalActiuities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1998-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charttable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  of  Trustees,  Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Community  College. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  N.C.  Infrastructure  Council;  N.C.  Progress  Board;  N.C.  Film  Council. 

Military  Service 

E-4,  86'''  Combat  Support  Hospital,  U.S.  Army  1976-78. 

Honors  andAwards 

2002  Legislator  of  the  Year,  North  Carolina  Association  of  Social  Workers;  2002 
Legislator  of  the  Year,  North  Carolina  WildHfe  Federation;  2001  Blue  Skies  Award, 
North  Carolina  Lung  Association.  ' 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married  to  Donna  Ball  Metcalf.  One  child.  One  grandchild.  Baptist. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Redistnctmg  and  Rural  Developmemt;  Vice-Chair,  Rules  and  Operations  of 
the  Senate;  Member,  Appropriations  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources, 
Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Commerce,  Finance,  Insurance  and  Consumer 
Protection,  Judiciary  I. 


421 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Tony  P.  Moore 

Republican,  Pitt  County 

Fifth  Senatorial  District:  Wilson  and 
Portions  of  Pitt  counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  m  Greenville,  Pill  Counly,  on 
October  9,  1950,  lo  Charles  and 
Rachel  Meeks  Moore. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

WmierviUe  High  School,  1968; 
Associate  Arts,  Lenoir  Community 
College,  1974;  Social  Science, 
Appalachian  State  University,  1975; 
Educational  Administration, 

Appalachian  State  University,  1983; 
M.A.  Education,  East  Carolina 
University,  1987;  Educational  Specialist,  East  Carolina  University,  2002. 

ProfessionalBacJzground 

Educator. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present;  Wmterville  Board  of  Alderman,  1997-2003. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Kiwanis;  Ruritans;  Jaycees. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaryis  and  Commissions 

Reedy  Branch  FWB  Church  Board;  Global  Transpark  Authority 

Honors  andAivarxls 

Future  Farmers  of  America,  2004  State  Award;  Distinguished  Service,  Wmterville 
Jaycees,  1983;  Runtan  of  the  Year,  Winterville  Ruritan,  1983. 

Per^sonalln/brmation 

Married,  Susan  Tucker  Moore.  Three  children.  Member,  Reedy  Branch  FWB  Church. 

Corrvnittee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  on  General  Government  and  Information  Technology; 
Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Commerce,  Education/Higher  Education, 
Judiciary  II,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Agmg  and  Transportation. 


422 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Martin  Luther  Nesbitt 

Democrat,  Buncombe 
County 

Appointed  February  6, 2004 

Forty -Ninth  Senatorial  District: 
Portions  of  Buncombe  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Asheville,  Buncombe  County, 
on  September  25,  1946,  to  Martin 
Luther  Nesbitt,  Sr.  and  Mary  Cordell 
Nesbitt. 

EducationalBackground 

Reynolds  High  School,  1964;  B.A., 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1970;  J.D.,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  School  of  Law,  1973. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney  At  Law. 

PoliticalActiuities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2004-Present;  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1979-94  and 
1997-2004. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers;  N.C.  State  Bar  Association;  Buncombe  County  Bar 
Associations. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Nursing  Task  Force,  2003-2004;  N.C.  Child  Health  Task  Force,  2002-2004; 
Chairman,  Holocaust  Education  Program. 

Honors  andAwards 

2001  Blue  Skies  Award;  Covenant  With  North  Carolmas  Children  -  Certificate  of 
Appreciation;  Co-Recipient,  Sierra  Club  Legislator  of  the  Year. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Deane  Sellers  Nesbitt.  Two  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  St. 
Lukes  Episcopal  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations  on  Education/Higher  Education,  Appropriations/Base 
Budget,  Commerce,  Education/Higher  Education,  Health  &  Human  Resources, 
Judiciary  1,  Pensions  (Si  Retirement  and  Aging  and  Rules  and  Operations  of  the 
Senate. 


423 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Robert  Miller  PIttenger 

Republican,  Mecklenburg 
County 

Fortieth  Senatorial  District:  Portions 
of  Mecklenburg  County 


Eaiiy  Years 

Born  m  Dallas,  TX  on  August  15,  1948, 
to  William  A.  and  Doris  Owens 
Pittenger. 

EducathnalBackground 

McCallum  High  School,  Austin  TX,  1966; 
B.A.,  Political  Science  /Psychology, 
University  of  Texas,  1970. 

PrvfessionalBackgwund 

Real  Estate  Investments,  Robert  Pittenger 
Co. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2002-Present. 

Business^Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Presbyterian  Hospital  Foundation;  Central  Piedmont  Community  College 
Foundation;  Davidson  College  Board  of  Visitors. 

Honors  andAwards 

Assistant  Republican  Leader;  Co-Chair,  Senate  Majority,  2004;  Voted  3rd  Most 
Effective  Senator  by  NC  Free. 

Personal  Information 

Marned,  Suzanne  Bahakel  Pittenger.  Four  children.  Christian. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropnations  on  Education/Higher  Education,  Appropriations/Base  Budget, 
Commerce,  Finance,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging  and  Select  Committee  on 
Insurance  and  Cml  Justice  Reform. 


424 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


William  Robert  Purcell, 
MD 

Democrat,  Scotland 
County 

Twenty-Fifth  Senatorial  District: 
Anson,  Richmond,  Scotland  and 
Stanly  counties 

Early  Years 

Bom  m  Launnburg,  Scotland  County,  on 
February  12,  1931,  to  Charles  Augustus 
Purcell  and  Anna  Meta  Buchanan  Purcell. 

EducationalBackground 

liiunnburg  High  School,  1949;  B.S.  inPre-Med, 
Davidson  CoHege,  1952;  M.D. ,  UNC  School  of 
Medidne,UNC-ChapelHill  1956. 

Professional  Background 

Pediatncian,  1961-97  (retired). 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Present;  Mayor,  City  of  Laurinburg,  1987-97;  Member,  Laurinburg  City 
Council,  1982-87. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Past  Chair,  Scodand  Memonal  Hospital  Medical  Staff;  President,  Launnburg-Scodand  County  Area 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  1977;  Past  President,  Launnburg  Rotar)-  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Member,  Board  of  Trustees,  St.  Andrews  Presbytenan  College,  1999-Present;  Richmond  Community 
College  Foundation  Board  of  Directors,  1994-Present. 

Military  Service 

Qptam,  57th  Field  Hospital,  U.S.  Anny  Medical  Corps,  1957-59;  Resewes,  1959-61. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Distinguished  Service  Award,  UNC  School  of  Medicine,  Chapel  Hill,  1998;Da\T,dTayloe,  Sr,  Award  in 
Community  Pediatncs,  N.C.  Chapter  American;  Academy  of  Pediatrics  of  N.C.  Pediatric  Society  1995. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Kathleen  McClellan  Purcell.  Six  children.  Twelve  grandchildren.  Member,  Launnburg  Presb)terian 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Co-Chair,AppK)priationsonHealthandHurnanServicesandHealthandHiimanResoiiices;Member,AppiDpra^ 
Base  Bud^  Commerce,  Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,Pensions&RetircnientandAgngand  Select  Cornmittee 
on  Insurance  and  Qviljustice  Reform 


425 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Joe  Sam  Queen 

Democrat,  Haywood 
County 

Forty-Seventh  Senatorial  District: 
Avery,  Madison,  McDowell, 
Mitchell,  Yancey  and  portions  of 
Haywood  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Waynesville,  Haywood 
County,  on  June  18,  1950,  lo  Sam 
L.  and  Maiy  Moody  Queen. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Tuscola  High  School,  Waynesville, 
1968;  B.S.  m  Architecture,  N.C.S.U., 
1972;  Masters  of  Architecture, 
N.CS.U.,  1974. 

ProfessionalBacl^x)und 

Architect,  Joe  Sam  Queen  Architect,  AlA. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-2004. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Seivice  Organizations 

Member,  Unity  Way  Leadership  Circle;  Past  Scout  Master,  Boy  Scout  Troop  321, 
Waynesville;  Director,  The  Smoky  Mountain  Folk  Festival. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boatris  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Commission  on  Aging;  N.C.  Joint  Select  Commission  on  Economic  Growth 
&  Development;  Chairman,  N.C.  Joint  Select  Committee  on  Hurricane  Relief. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Paul  Harris  Fellow,  Rotary  International. 

Pei^sonalln/bnnation 

Married  to  Kate  Taylor  Queen.  Two  children.  Member,  First  United  Methodist  of 
Waynesville. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Health  and  Human  Resources;  Member,Appropriations/Base  Budget, 
Agnculture/Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropriations  on  Natural  and 
Economic  Resources,  Finance,  Judiciary  11,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  State 
Government,  Local  Government  and  Veterans'  Attairs,  Ways  and  Means  and  Select 
Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform. 


426 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Eric  Miller  Reeves 

Democrat,  Wake  County 

Sixteenth  Senatorial  District:  Por- 
tions of  Wake  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Ft.  Sill,  Oklahoma,  on  October 
18,  1963,  to  Stuart  and  Jennie  Miller 
Reeves. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

B.A.  Duke  University,  1986;  J. D.  Wake 
Forest  University,  1989. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney,  Law  Office  of  Eric  Reeves. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Present; 
Member,  Raleigh  City  Council,  1993-96. 

Business^Professional,  ChaHtable/Civie  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Advisory  Panel,  Z,  Smith  Reynolds  Foundation. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Capital  Planning  Commission;  Government  Operations  Transportation 
Oversight  Subcommittee. 

Honors  andAwards 

1999  Distinguished  Leader  of  the  Year,  Leadership  Raleigh,  Raleigh  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  1999  Public  Leadership  m  Technology  Award,  NCEITA. 

Personal 

Married,  Mary  Morgan  Reeves.  One  child.  First  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Co-Chair,  Appropriations  on  Health  and  Human  Services,  Information  Technology 
and  Select  Committee  on  Laptops  in  the  Senate  Chamber;  Member,  Agriculture/ 
Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Finance,  Health  &  Human 
Resources,  Judiciay  11,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  Select  Committee  on  Insurance 
and  Civil  Justice  Reform  and  State  Government,  Local  Government  and  Veterans'  Affairs. 


427 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Robert  Anthony  Rucho 

Republican,  Mecklenburg 
County 

Thirty-Ninth  Senatorial  District:  Portions  of 
Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Worcester,  Massachusetts,  on  Dec.  8, 
1948,  to  Thomas  and  Ernestine  Tanca  Rucho. 

EducationalBackground 

South  High  School,  Worcester,  Massachusetts; 
B.A,  in  Biology,  Northeastern  University;  D.D.S, 
MCV  VCU  School  of  Dentistry;  Cert. 
Prosthodontics,  Boston  University;  M.B.A., 
Belk  College  of  Business,  UNC-Charlotte. 

ProfessionalBac}zgrx)und 

Dentist,  SpeciaUty  Prosthodontist. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Present;  Former  Member,  Mecklenburg  County 
Commission;  Former  Member,  Matthews  Town  Board. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Theresa  Fritscher  Rucho.  Two  children.  Member,  Holy  Trinity  Greek 
Orthodox  Cathedral. 

Committee  Assignments 

Ranking  Minority  Member,  Transportation;  Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget, 
Appropriations  on  Department  of  Transportation,  Commerce,  FducatioiVHigher 
Education,  Finance,  Judiciary  II,  Pensions  &r  Retirement  and  Aging  and  Rules  and 
Operations  of  the  Senate. 


428 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Larry  Shaw 

Democrat,  Cumberland  County 

Twenty -First  Senatorial  District:  Portions  of 
Cumberland  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  High  Point,  Guilford  County,  on  July 
15,  1949,  to  Dorffus  and  Odessa  Shaw. 

EducationalBackgmimd 

William  Penn  High  School,  High  Point, 
1967;  B.S.,  Alabama  State  University  1972; 
Masters  of  Education,  Alabama  State 
University  1974. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

President  and  Chairman,  Shaw  Food  Services 
Company,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Present;  Member,  N.C.  House,  1995-96. 

Business/ProfessionaU  ChaHtable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Association  of  Minority  Contractors;  N.C.  Association  of  Minority 
Businesses;  National  Business  League,  Fayettevllle  Chapter. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Cumberland  County  Finance  Authority  Board;  N.C.  Small  Business  Advocacy 
Council;  N.C.  Capitol  Building  Authority. 

Honors  andAwards 

Honorary  Doctor  of  Human  Letters,  Rock  Hill  College,  1984;  Larry  and  Evelyn 
Shaw  Day  declared  in  North  Carolina  by  Gov.  Hunt;  Order  of  the  Long  Leaf  Pme. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married,  Evelyn  Oliver  Shaw.  Two  children. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Transportation;  Vice-Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Appropriations  on  Department 
of  Transportation,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Commerce,  Pensions  &  Retirement 
and  Aging. 


429 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

R.B.Sloan,  Jr. 

Republican,  Iredell  County 

Forty-First  Senatorial  District- 
Alexander  and  Iredell  counties 

EducationalBac}zgtx)wid 

Bachelor  ol  Science  in  Electrical 
Engineering  with  specialities  in  Power 
&  Communications,  N.C.S.U.,  1973; 
Master  of  Business  Administration  with 
special  interest  m  Finance  and  Strategic 
Plannini:^,  Queens  Umversitv,  1982. 

PmfessionalBacligmund 

Registered  Professional  Engineer;  Chiet 

Executix'e  Officer,  Energy  United,  1998- 

Present;  Executive  Vice  President/CEO  &  General  Manager,  Crescent  Electric 

Membership  Corporation,  1989-1998;  Manager  of  Engineering  and  Operations, 

Crescent  Electric  Membership  Corporation,  1978-1989. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present. 

Business/ProfessionaL,  Chantable/Civic  or  Community  SeiT>ice 

Member  and  Past  Member,  Campbell  Masonic  Lodge  #374;  Member,  Iredell 
Memorial  Hospital  Board  of  Directors  and  Trustees;  Member  and  Past  Officer,  Greater 
Statesville  Rotaiy  Club. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaiyls  and  Commissions 

Member,  North  Carolina  Citizens  for  Business  and  lndustr\-  Economic  Development 
Committee;  Member,  North  Carolina  Utilities  Commission  Oversight  Steering 
Committee  for  Transmission  Collaboration. 

Honors  andAwarxis 

Received  the  Electric  Power  Research  Institutes  Eirst  Use  Award  tor  Advancing 
Technology  m  the  research  of  battery  energy  storage  systems;  Declared  Honorary 
Eire  Chief,  Iredell  County  Eirefighters  Association,  2004;  Recipient,  Key  to  the 
County,  Alexander  County,  2001. 

Personal  In/bnnation 

Married  to  Rita  Clme  Sloan.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church  of  Statesville. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Appropriations  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety, 
Commerce,  Judiciaiy  II,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Agmg,  State  Government,  Local 
Government  and  X'eterans'  Affairs,  Transportation  and  Select  Committee  on  Military 
Aftairs. 


430 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Fred  Smith 

Republican,  Johnston 
County 

Twelfth  Senatorial  District:  Johnston 
and  Portions  of  Wayne  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Raleigh,  Wake  County,  on  March 
27,  1942,  to  Fred  and  Eudell  Smith. 

EducationalBackground 

Broughton  High  School,  1960;  B.A., 
Wake  Forest  Universtiy,  1964;  J. D.,  cum 
laude.  Wake  Forest  University,  1966. 

ProfessionalBackground 

President,    Fred    Smith    Company; 

Managing  Partner,  SunBelt  Golf  Group,  L.L.C.;  Past  Managing  Partner,  Smith  Debnam 

Hibbert  &  Pahl;  CEO  of  C.C.  Mangum  Company. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present;  Co-Chair,  N.C.  Republican  Trust  Senate 
Majority  2004. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Chairman  of  the  Board,  North  State  Bank;  National  Golf  Course  Owners  Association; 
Member,  Commercial  Law  League  of  America,  1970-Present;  President,  American, 
N.C.  and  Wake  County  Bar  Associations,  1989-90. 

Military  Service 

Captain,  U.S.  Army,  JAGG,  1966-1970;  Staff  and  Faculty  at  Judge  Advocate  Generals 
School  of  University  of  Virginia,  1966-1968;  Staff  Judge  Advocate,  Pine  Bluff  Arsenal, 
Pine  Bluff,  Arkansas,  1968-1970;  Army  Commendation  Medal;  First  Oak  Leaf 
Cluster. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married  to  Virginia  (Ginny)  Reid  Smith.  Five  children.  Five  grandchildren.  Member, 
First  Baptist  Church  of  Clayton. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropriations  on  General 
Government  and  Information  Technology,  Education/High  Education,  Finance,  State 
Government,  Local  Government  and  Veterans'  Affairs. 


431 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Robert  Charles  Soles,  Jr. 

Democrat,  Columbus 
County 

Eighth  Senatorial  District: 
Brunswick,  Columbus  and  Pender 
counties 

Early  Yearn 

Born  in  Tabor  City,  on  December  17, 
1934,  to  Robert  C.  and  Myrtle  N orris 
Soles. 

EducatkmalBackgwund 

Tabor  City  High  School,  1952;  B.S. 
in  Science  and  English,  Wake  Forest 
University,  1956;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1959. 

PtryfessionalBaclzground 

Attorney,  Soles,  Phipps,  Ray  &  Prince. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1977-Present;  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1969-77. 

Business/Prryfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Seiuice  Organizations 

American  and  N.C.  Bar  Associations;  American  Trial  Lav^yers  Association;  N.C. 
Association  of  County  Attorneys. 

Elective  andAppointedBoaryis  and  Commissions 

Former  President,  Southeastern  Community  College  Foundation;  Southern  Growth 
Policies  Board;  Former  Trustee,  UNC- Wilmington. 

Military  Service 

Captain,  U.S.  Army  Rcser\'e,  1957-67. 

Personallnfomiation 

Member,  Tabor  City  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Commerce;  Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  on  Department  of  Transportation 
and  Judiciary  I;  Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Finance,  Pensions  & 
Retirement  and  Aging,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate,  Select  Committee  on 
Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform,  Select  Committee  on  Laptops  m  the  Senate 
Chamber  and  State  Government,  Local  Government  and  Veterans'  Affairs. 


432 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Richard  Yates  Stevens 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Seventeenth  Senatorial  District: 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Raleigh,  Wake  County,  on 
December  12,  1948,  to  Floyd  L.  and 
Luna  Yates  Stevens. 

EducationalBackground 

Broughton  High  School,  1966;  B.A., 
Pohtical  Science,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1970;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1974; 
Master  of  Public  Administration, 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1978. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Management  Consultant. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present. 

Business/F^fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  of  Directors,  Yates  Mill  Associates;  Board  of  Directors,  Cary  Academy;  Board 
of  Directors,  Capital  Area  Soccer  Foundation. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  Board  of  Trustees,  1997-99;  Chair,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
Alumni  Association,  2000-2001;  President,  N.C.  City/County  Management 
Association,  1999-2000. 

Honors  andAwards 

National  Public  Service  Avv^ard,  ASPA  &  NAPA,  2000;  Distinguished  Sericve 
Medal,  UNC  Alumni  Association,  1994;  Program  Excellence  for  Innovation,  ICMA, 
1998. 

PersonalInfi)rmation 

Married  Jere  Gilmore  Stevens.    Two  children.    Baptist. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Appropriations  on  Education/Higher 
; Education,  Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging, 
; Select  Committee  on  Laptops  m  the  Senate  Chamber,  State  Government,  Local 
I  Government  and  Veterans'  Affairs  and  Transportation. 


433 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Albin  B."A.B/'SwindellJV 

Democrat,  Nash  County 

Eleventh  Senatorial  District: 
Franklin,  Nash  and  Portions  of 
Vance  counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Lumberton,  Robeson  County, 
on  October  14,  1945,  to  Russell  and 
Martha  Easterling  Swindell. 

EducationalBackground 

Gary  High  School,  1964;  Heavy 
Equipment  Operator  Training,  Wilson 
Technical  Community  College,  1965; 
A. A.,  Sandhills  Community  College, 
1970;  Vocational  Education  Teacher 
Certihcation,  N.C.  State  University, 
1971. 

ProfessionalBackgrx)und 

Sell-employed  business  consultant. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2001-Present;  Oxford  City  Council,  1981-85. 

Business/F^x)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizatiotis 

Vice-Chair,  Nash  Community  College  Trustees;  Board  ot  Directors,  Operation 
Lifesaver  NC;  Board  of  Directors,  Connect,  Inc. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaiyls  and  Commissions 

Co-Chair,  Joint  Legislative  Commission  on  Education  Oversight;  Chair, 
Commission  on  New  Licensing  Boards;  Co-Chair,  Commission  on  Aging. 

Military  Service 

Private,  U.S.  Army,  Hororably  Discharged,  1967. 

Honors  andAivaixis 

2003  State  Ofhcial  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Home  Builders  Association. 

Pei^sonal  Information 

Married,  Diane  Ludlum  Swindell.  Three  children.  Member,  Nashville  Methodist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Co-Chair,  Appropriations  on  Education/Higher  Education  and  Education/Higher 
Education;  Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Finance,  Judiciary  II,  Pensions 
&  Retirement  and  Agmg,  Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate,  Select  Committee  on 
Insurance  and  Civil  Justice  Reform,  Transportation  and  Wa)s  and  Means. 

434 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Scott  E.Thomas 

Democrat,  Craven  County 

Second  Senatorial  District:  Carteret, 
Craven  and  Pamlico  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  New  Bern,  Craven  County,  on 
July  19,  1966,  to  Joseph  and  Linda 
Morris  Thomas. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

West  Craven  High  School,  1984;  B.S., 
Political  Science,  East  Carolina 
University  1988;  J.D.,  N.C.  Central 
University  School  of  Law,  1992. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Lawyer,  Chesnutt,  Clemmons, 
Thomas  and  Peacock. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2001-Present;  N.C.  House,  1999-2001;  Assistant  District 
Attorney. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Chamber  of  Commerce;  Masonic  Lodge  and  Scottish  Rite;  Past  President,  Vanceboro 
Volunteer  Fire  Department. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Military  Affairs  Commission;  Governors  Crime  Commission;  Allies  for  Cherry  Points 
Tomorrow. 

Honors  andAwards 

Legislator  of  the  Year,  Fraternal  Order  of  PoUce;  N.C.  Nurses  Association,  Legislator 
'of  the  Year;  Political  Action  Award,  N.C.  Victims  Assistance  Network. 

i  Personallnfbrmation 

I  Married,  Sherri  N.  Thomas.    Two  children.    Member,  Temple  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

I  Chair,  Appropriations  on  Justice  and  PubUc  Safety;  Vice-Chair,  Judiciary  11;  Member, 
Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources,  Appropriations/Base  Budget, 
Education/Higher  Education,  Finance,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  Rules 
and  Operations  of  the  Senate,  Select  Committee  on  Insurance  and  Civil  Justice 
Reform,  Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  and  Transportation. 


435 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Jerry  W.Tillman 

Republican,  Randolph 
County 

Twenty -Ninth  Senatorial  District: 
Montgomery  and  Randolph  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Siler  City,  Chatham  County, 
oil  October  10,  1940,  to  Leonard  and 
Delcie  Duncan  TiUman. 

EducationalBackgir)iind 

Walter  Williams  High  School, 
Burlington,  1959;  B.S.,  Elon  College, 
1965;  Medical  School 

Administration,  UNC-Greensboro, 
1969. 

ProfesskmalBackgimind 

Retired  School  Administrator. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2003-Present. 

Business/Piryfessioiial,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Archdale/Trmity  Lions  Club;  Archdale  Friends  Meeting. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Randolph  County  GOP,  1995-2002;  Randolph  Community  College  Board  ' 
of  Trustees,  1974-2002;  NCCAT,  1995-2002. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married,  Marian  McVey  Tillman.  Three  children.    Four  grandchildren.    Member, 
Archdale  Friends  Meeting. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture/En\'ironment/Natural  Resources,  Education/Higher  Education, 
Finance  and  Transportation. 


436 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Hugh  B.Webster 

Republican,  Alamance  County 

Twenty -Fourth  Senatorial  District:  Alamance  and 
Caswell  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Caswell  County,  on  August  6,  1943,  to 
LeGrand  and  Kathleen  Hicks  Webster. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Bartlett  Yancey  High  School,  Yanceyville,  1961;  N.C. 
State  University,  1962-63;  B.S.  in  Business,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1968,  Specialization  in  Accounting,  1969; 
Tax  Specialist  Course,  University  of  Illinois- 
Champaign,  1970. 

ProfessionalBackground 

CPA,  Hugh  B.  Webster,  PA. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1995-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

AlCPA;  NATP;  Runtan  (Past  President). 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Patricia  Ramey  Webster.  Two  children. 

Committee  Assignments 

'  Ranking  Minority  Member,  Judicary  II;  Member,  Agriculture/Environment/Natural 
i  Resources,  Finance  and  Ways  and  Means. 


437 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

David  Franklin 
Weinstein 

Democrat,  Robeson 
County 

TJiirteenth  Senatorial  District:  Hoke 
and  Robeson  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  m  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg 
County,  on  June  17,  1936,  to  Max 
Morton  and  Evelyn  Lebo  Weinstein. 

EducationalBackground 

Lumberton  Senior  High  School, 
Lumberton,  1Q54;  Agronomy,  N.C. 
State  University,  1958;  Business. 

ProfessionalBacfzgrx)und 

Retired  Businessman. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Presenf,  Chair,  Board  of  Trustees,  UNC  -  Pembroke, 
1992-1996;  Mayor,  City  of  Lumberton,  1987-91. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Rotaiy  Club;  Masonic  Lodge;  Shrine  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Lumberton  Human  Relations  Commission. 

Military  Service 

Captain,  108th  Infantry  Dmsion,  U.S.  Army,  1959-60;  Reserves,  1960-66. 

Per^sonal  Information 

Two  children.    Two  grandchildren.    Jewish. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  on  Natural  and  Econoniic  Resources;  Vice-Chair,  Agriculture/ 
Environment/Natural  Resources  and  Ways  and  Means;  Member,  Appropriations/ 
Base  Budget,  Finance,  Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging,  State  Government,  Local 
Government  and  Veterans'  Affairs  and  Transportation. 


438 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

Woody  White 

Republican,  New  Hanover  County 
Appointed  May  5, 2004 

Ninth  Senatorial  District:  New  Hanover  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Kinston,  Lenoir  County,  on  August  4,  1969,  to  Haywood  E.  and  Barbara 
Hardnott  White. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Mt.  Pisgah  Academy,  Candler,  1987;  B.A.,  History,  Southern  College,  1991;  Juris 
Doctor,  University  of  Nebraska,  1994. 

ProfessionalBackground 

i  Attorney,  White,  Hearne  &  Ballantine. 

PoliticalActivities 

[Member,  N.C.  Senate,  2004-Present. 

Business/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Oyrnrnunity  Service  Organizations 

j  Rotaiy  South- Wilmington;  Coastal  Horizons  Board. 

*  Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

JN.H.  Regional  Medical  Center;  N.C.  GOP,  Chief  Legal  Counsel,  2002-2004. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married,  Tammie  D.  Mentzel  White.  Two  children.  Member,  St.  Andrews  Covenant 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

i' 

'Member,  Appropriations/Base  Budget,  Appropriations  on  Natural  and  Economic 
j  Resources,  Commerce,  Finance,  Judiciary  1,  Select  Committee  on  Military  Affairs 
\  and  Ways  and  Means. hildren  and  Human  Resources,  Finance,  Judiciary  II  and  Rural 
j  Development. 


439 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Janet  B.Pruitt 

Principal  Clerk,  IS.C.  Senate 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Nash  County,  on  March  27,  1944,  to  James  R.  (deceased)  and  Marie  Joyner 
(deceased)  Br)^ant. 

EducationalBackgixjwid 

Spring  Hope  High  School,  1962;  Business,  East  Carolina  University,  1962-64. 

Ptx)fessionalBacIigix)und 

Principal  Clerk,  N.C.  Senate,  1997-Present;  Super\isor  of  Senate  Clerks,  1988-96; 
Committee  Clerk,  1981-88;  Personnel  Analyst,  Social  Services  Division,  Department 
of  Human  Resources,  1966-73. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Society  of  Legislative  Clerks  and  Secretaries;  Former  Member,  Business 
and  Professional  Women. 

Personal  Information 

Two  children.  Member,  Holv  Trinitv  Lutheran  Church. 


440 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

Cecil  R.Goins 

Sergeant  at  Arms,  N.C.  Senate 

Ekirly  Years 

Born  m  Southern  Pines  in  1926,  to  T.  R.  Goms  and  Marie  Barrett  Goms. 

EducationalBackgwund 

West  Southern  Pines  High,  1944;  B.S.,  Business  Administration,  N.C.  A&T  State 
University,  1950. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Sergeant  at  Arms,  N.C.  Senate;  Private  Investigator  and  Owner,  Alpha  Investigative 
Services;  Retired  Deputy  U.S.  Marshal,  Inspector  and  Criminal  Investigator,  U.S. 
Marshals  Servace  (25  years);  Assistant  Business  Manager,  Shaw  University. 

Political  Activities 

Chair,  Precinct  #20,  Raleigh;  Political  Action  Committee,  RWCA. 

'  Business/Professional,  Oiantable/Civic  or  (^niinunity  Service  Organizations 

\  Member,  National  Legislative  Services  and  Security  Association;  Retired  U.S.  Marshals 
'  Association;  Life  Member,  Alpha  Phi  Alpha  Fraternity,  Inc.,  Sigma  Pi  Phi  Fraternity. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Raleigh  Civil  Service  Commission;  N.C.  Private  Protective  Service  Board;  Board  of 
Directors,  Meadowbrook  Country  Club. 

Military  Service 

Enlisted,  2  years,  Far  East  and  Japan;  M/Sgt.,  Europe  and  Germany;  (Commission) 
Five  years  active  duty,  10  years  reserve  duty  (Major). 

Personal  Information 

:  Married,  La  Verne  C.  Coins.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church. 


441 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 

Michael  Wade  Morris 

Chaplain,  T^.C.  Senate 

Early  Year^ 

Born  m  High  Point,  Guilford  County,  to  Albert 
Wade  and  Evelyn  Faye  Burrows  Morris. 

EducationalBacIigrx)und 

Wade  Hampton,  Greenville,  S.C.;  B.A.  in 
Religion,  Gardner  Webb  College;  Masters  of 
Divinity,  Southeastern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary. 

Ptx>fessionalBacl2gtx)und 

Associate  Pastor,  First  Baptist  Church,  Raleigh. 

Political  Activities 

Chaplain,  N.C.  Senate. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or 
Conununity  Service  Organizations 

Kiwanis  Club  of  High  Point;  Board,  High  Point  Salvation  Army;  Habitat  for 
Humnaity 

Personal  In/bnnation 

Married,  Noel  LeGette.  One  child.  First  Baptist  Church,  Raleigh. 


442 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

2003-2004  N.C.  Senate  Committees 

Agriculture/Environment/Natural  Resources 

Chair:  Albertson 

Vice-Chairs:  Allran,  Kinnaird,  Lucas,  Weinstein 

Ranking  Minority  Member:  Horton 

Members:  Bingham,  Brock,  Clodfelter,  Garwood,  Hargett,  Hartsell,  Holloman,  Hunt, 
Jenkins,  Queen,  Reeves,  Smith,  Thomas,  Tillman,  Webster 

Appropriations  on  Department  of  Transportation 

Chair:  Jenkins 

,  Vice-Chair:  Soles 

!  Ranking  Minority  Member:  Carpenter 
Members:  Berger,  Hargett,  Rucho,  Shaw 

I  Appropriations  on  Education/Higher  Education 

Co-Chairs:  Lucas,  Swindell 

Vice-Chair:  Malone 

Ranking  Minority  Member:  Garwood 

Members:  Hartsell,  Nesbitt,  Stevens 

Appropriations  on  General  Government  and  Information  Technology 

'  Chair:  Dorsett 

Vice-Chairs:    Foxx,  Kmnaird,  Moore 
;  Members:  Hoyle,  Hunt,  Smith 

Appropriations  on  Health  and  Human  Services 

i  Co-Chairs:  Purcell,  Reeves 

\'ice-Chair:  Dannelly 
i  Ranking  Minority  Member:  Forrester 
Members:  Blake,  Kerr,  Pittenger 

Appropriations  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety 

Chair:  Thomas 

'  Vice-Chair:  Holloman 

Ranking  Minority  Member:  Bmgham 
■  Members:  Clodfelter,  Rand,  Sloan 


443 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Appropriations  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources 

Chair:  Weinstem 

Vice-Chair:  Alberison 

Ranking  Minonly  Member:  Horton 

Members:  Queen,  While 

Appropriations/Base  Budget 

Co-Chairs:  GaiTou,  Dalion,  Hagan 

V'lee-Chair:  Alloertson 

Members:  Berger,  Bingham,  Blake,  Brock,  Carpenter,  Ck^dfeker,  Dannelly,  Dorsett, 
Forresl:er,  Foxx,  Garwood,  Hargett,  HanseH,  HoUoman,  Horton,  Hoyle,  Hunt, 
Jenkins,  KeiT,  Kmnaird,  Lucas,  Malone,  Moore,  Nesbitt,  Pittenger,  Purcell,  Queen, 
Rand,  Reeves,  Rucho,  Shaw,  Sk-)an,  Smith,  Soles,  Stevens,  Swindell,  Thomas, 
Weinstein,  White 

Commerce 

Chair:  Soles 

Vice-Chairs:  Hoyle,  Rand 

Ranking  Minonty  Member:  Berger 

Members:  Apodaca,  Caipenter,  Dalton,  Dorsett,  FoiTester,  Foxx,  Garrou,  Hagan,  Kerr, 
Malone,  Moore,  Nesbitt,  Pittenger,  Purcell,  Rucho,  Shaw,  Sloan,  White 

Education/Higher  Education 

Co-Chairs:  Lucas,  Swindell,  Garwood 

Vice-Chair:  Horton 

Ranking  Mmont)'  Member:  AUran 

Members:  Apodaca,  Bingham,  Blake,  Dalton,  Dannelly,  Dorsett,  Forrester,  Foxx,  Garrou, 
Hagan,  Hargett,  Hartsell,  HoUoman,  Hoyle,  Hunt,  Jenkins,  Malone,  Moore,  Nesbitt, 
Purcell,  Rand,  Rucho,  Shubeit,  Smith,  Stevens,  Thomas,  Tillman 

Finance 

Co-Chairs:  Hoyle,  KeiT 

Vice-Chairs:  Clodlelter,  Shaw 

Ranking  Minonty  Member:  Canington 

Members:  Albertson,  AUran,  Apodaca,  Berger,  Blake,  Brock,  Dannelly,  Foxx,  Garrou, 
Hagan,  Hartsell,  Hunt,  Kmnaird,  Pittenger,  Purcell,  Queen,  Rand,  Reeves,  Rucho, 
Shubert,  Smith,  Soles,  Stevens,  Swindell,  Thomas,  Tillman,  Webster,  Weinstein, 
White 


444 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

Health  &  Human  Resources 

\  Co-Chairs:  Bingham,  Purcell 

'  Vice-Chairs:  AUran,  Queen 

1  Ranking  Minority  Member:  Forrester 

^  Members:  Dannelly,  Garwood,  Hartsell,  Hoyle,  Nesbitt,  Kinnaird,  Lucas,  Malone,  Reeves 

]  Information  Technology 

'  Co-Chairs:  Reeves,  Carrington 

'  Vice-Chair:  Garrou 
I^inking  Minority  Member:  Foxx 
,  Members:  Hagan,  Holloman,  Hunt,  Rand 

Judiciary  I 

'"  Chair:  Clodfeker 

\ice-Chairs:  Soles,  Berger 

Members:  Albertson,  Carpenter,  Garrou,  Hargett,  Horton,  Hoyle,  Hunt,  Jenkins,  Lucas, 
i|        Malone,  Nesbitt,  Rand,  White 

Judiciary  H 

Chair:  Hartsell 

Vice-Chairs:  Allran,  Thomas 

j  Ranking  Minority  Member:  Webster 

Members:  Apodaca,  Bingham,  Dalton,  Dannelly,  Dorsett,  Hagan,  Holloman,  Kerr, 
Kinnaird,  Moore,  Queen,  Reeves,  Rucho,  Shubert,  Sloan,  Swindell 

Pensions  &  Retirement  and  Aging 

Co-Chairs:  Dalton,  Garrou,  Hagan,  Allran 

Members:  Albertson,  Berger,  Bingham,  Blake,  Brock,  Carpenter,  Clodfeker,  Dannelly, 
Dorsett,  Forrester,  Foxx,  Garwood,  Hargett,  Holloman,  Horton,  Hoyle,  Hunt,  Jenkins, 
Kerr,  Kinnaird,  Lucas,  Malone,  Moore,  Nesbitt,  Pittenger,  Purcell,  Queen,  Rand, 
Reeves,  Rucho,  Shaw,  Sloan,  Smith,  Soles,  Stevens,  Swindell,  Thomas,  Weinstein 

Members:  Ballance,  Carpenter,  Cunningham,  East,  Forrester,  Garrou,  Hagan,Hartsell, 
Hoyle,  Jordan,  Metcalf,  Miller,  Purcell,  Rand,  Robert  Shaw,  Thomas,  Webster, 
Weinstein 


445 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Rules  and  Operations  of  the  Senate 

Chair;  Rand 

Vice-Chair:    Dalton 

Ranking  Minority  Member:  Horton 

Members:  Alberison,  Berger,  Carrmgton,  Forrester,  Hoyle,  Hunt,  Kmnaird,  Nesbitt, 
Rucho,  Soles,  Swindell,  Thomas 

State  Goventment,  Local  Government,  and  Veterans' Affairs 

Chair:  Kinnaird 

Vice-Chair:  Hargett 

Ranking  Minority  Member:  Haitsell 

Members:  Albertson,  Berger,  Clodfelter,  Dorsett,  Garwood,  Horton,  Malone,  Queen, 
Reeves,  Sloan,  Smith,  Soles,  Stevens,  Weinstein 

Transportation 

Chair:  Shaw 

Vice-Chair:  Hoyle 

Ranking  Minont\'  Member:  Rucho 

Members:  Berger,  Brock,  Carpenter,  Carnngton,  Ganxiu,  Hargett,  Hunt,  Jenkins,  Moore, 
Rand,  Sloan,  Stevens,  Swindell,  Thomas,  Tillman,  Wemstem 

Ways  and  Means 

Chair:  Dannelly 

Vice-Chair:  Weinstein 
Ranking  Mmonty  Member:  Allran 

Members:  Albertson,  Berger,  Hargett,  Hoyle,  Jenkins,  Kerr,  Malone,  Queen,  Shubert, 
Swindell,  Webster,  White 


446 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


2003-2004  N.C.  House  of  Representatives 


officers 

Democratic 
Republican 
Democratic 
Republican 
Democratic 


Speaker 

Speaker 

Leader 

Leader 

Whips 


Republican  Whip 
Principal  Clerk 
Acting  Reading  Clerk 
Sergeant-  at  -Arms 

Representatives 

Name 

Adams,  Alma  S.  (D) 

Alexander,  Martha  B.  (D) 

Allen,  Bernard  (D) 
'  Allen,  Gordon  P  (D) 

Allen,  Lucy  T.  (D) 

Allred,  Cary  D.  (R) 
\  Baker,  Rex  L.  (R) 
'  Barbee,  Bobby  H.,  Sr.  (R) 
>  Barnhart,  Jeffrey  L.  (R) 
i  Bell,  Larry  M.  (D) 
;  Black,  James  B.  (D) 
I  Blackwood,  James  C,  Jr.  (R) 
'  Blust,  John  M.  (R) 
j  Bonner,  Donald  A.  (D) 
I  Bordsen,  Alice  L.  (D) 

Bowie,  Joanne  W  (R) 

Brubaker,  Harold  J.  (R) 

Capps,  J.  Russell  (R) 

Carney,  Becky  (D) 

Church,  Walter  G.,  Sr.  (D) 

Clary  Debbie  A.  (R) 

Clary  Debbie  A.  (R) 


James  B.  Black 

Richard  T.  Morgan 

Joe  Hackney 

Joe  Kiser 

Beverly  Earle 

R.  Philip  Haire 

Marian  McLawhorn 

Paul  Miller 

Trudi  Walend 

Denise  Weeks 

John  Young 

Robert  R.  Samuels 

District     County 

Address 

58th         Guilford 

Greensboro 

106th      Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

33rd        Wake 

Raleigh 

55th         Person 

Roxboro 

49th         Franklin 

Louisburg 

64th         Alamance 

Burlington 

91st         Stokes 

King 

70th         Stanly 

Locust 

75th         Cabarrus 

Concord 

21st          Sampson 

Clinton 

100th      Mecklenburg 

Matthews 

73rd         Union 

Matthews 

62nd        Guilford 

Greensboro 

48th         Robeson 

Rowland 

63rd        Alamance 

Mebane 

57th         Guilford 

Greensboro 

78th         Randolph 

Asheboro 

50th         Wake 

Raleigh 

102nd     Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

86th         Burke 

Valdese 

110th       Cleveland 

Cherry\'ille 

48th         Cleveland 

Cherry\alle 

447 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Representatives  (continued) 

Name 

Coates,  Lorene  T.  (D) 
Cole,  E.  Nelson  (D) 
Crawford,  James  W,  Jr.  (D) 
Creech,  Billy  J.  (R) 
Culp,  Arlie  F  (R) 
Culpepper,  William  T.,  Ill  (D) 
Cunningham,  W  Pete  (D) 
Daughtridge,  William  G.,  Jr.  (R) 
Daughtry,  N.  Leo  (R) 
Decker,  Michael  R  (R) 
Dickson,  Margaret  H.  (D) 
Dockham,  Jeriy  C.  (R) 
Earle,  Beverly  M.  (D) 
Eddins,  Rick  L.  (R) 
Elks,  J.  Samuel  (R) 
England,  Bobby  E  (D) 
Earmer-Butterfield  (D) 
Eisher,  Susan  C.  (D) 
Fox,  Stanley  H.  (D) 
Eiye,  Phillip  D.  Frye  [R) 
Gibson,  Pr)^or  A.,  Ill  (D) 
Gillespie,  Mitch  (R) 
Glazier,  Rick  (D) 
Goforth,  D.  Bruce  (D) 
Goodwin,  G.  Wayne  (D) 
Gorman,  Michael  A.  {R) 
Grady,  W  Robert  (R) 
Gulley,  Jim  (R) 
Hackney,  Joe  (D) 
Haire,  R.  Phillip  (D) 
Hall,  John  D.  (D) 
Harrell  James  A.,  Ill  (D) 
Hill,  Dewey  L.  (D) 
Hilton,  Mark  K.  (R) 
Holliman,  L.  Hugh  (D) 
Holmes,  George  M.  (R) 
Howard,  Julia  C.  (R) 
Hunter,  Howard  J.,  Jr.  (D) 
Insko,  Verla  C.  (D) 


Distiict 

Countv 

Ac?djr.ss 

77th 

Rowan 

Salisbury 

65th 

Rockingham 

Reidsville 

32nd 

Granville 

Oxford 

26th 

Johnston 

Clayton 

67th 

Randolph 

Ramseur 

2nd 

Chowan 

Edenton 

107th 

Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

25th 

Nash 

Rocky  Mount 

28th 

Johnston 

Smithheld 

94th 

Forsvth 

J 

Walkertown 

41st 

Cumberland 

FayetteviUe 

80th 

Davidson 

Denton 

101st 

Mecklenburs, 

Charlotte 

40th 

Wake 

Raleigh 

39th 

Wake 

Raleigh 

112th 

Rutherford 

Ellenboro 

24th 

Wilson 

Wilson 

114th 

Buncombe 

Asheville 

27th 

Granville 

Oxford 

84th 

Mitchell 

Spmce  Pine 

69th 

Anson 

Wadesboro 

85th 

McDowell 

Marion 

44th 

Cumberland 

FayetteviUe 

115th 

Buncombe 

Asheville 

68th 

Richmond 

Hamlet 

3rd 

Crax'en 

Trent  Woods 

15th 

Onslow 

Jacksonville 

103rd 

Mecklenburg 

Matthews 

54th 

Orange 

Chapel  Hill 

119th 

Jackson 

Sylva 

7th 

Halifax 

Scotland  Neck 

90th 

Surry 

Elkm 

20th 

Columbus 

Whiteville 

88th 

Catawba 

Conover 

81st 

Davidson 

Lexington 

92nd 

Yadkin 

Hamptonville 

79th 

Davie 

Mocksville 

5th 

Hertford 

Ahoskie 

56th 

Orange 

Chapel  Hill 

448 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE          CHAPTER    FIVE 

Representatives  (continued) 

Name 

District 

County 

Address 

Johnson,  Charles  E.  (D) 

4th 

Pitt 

Greenville 

Johnson,  Linda  P.  (R) 

74th 

Cabarrus 

Kannapolis 

Jones,  Earl  (D) 

60th 

Guilford 

Greensboro 

Justice,  Carolyn  H.  (R) 

16th 

Pender 

Hampstead 

Justus,  Carolyn,  K.  (R) 

117th 

Henderson 

Hendersonville 

Kiser,  Joe  L.  (R) 

97th 

Lincoln 

Vale 

T  aRoque,  Stephen  A.  (R) 

10th 

Lenoir 

Kinston 

Lewis,  David  R.  (R) 

53rd 

Harnett 

Dunn 

Lucas,  Marvin  W  (D) 

42nd 

Cumberland 

Spring  Lake 

Luebke,  Paul  (D) 

30th 

Durham 

Durham 

McAllister,  Mary  E.  (D) 

43rd 

Cumberland 

Eayetteville 

McComas,  Daniel  E  (R) 

19th 

New  Hanover 

Wilmington 

McCombs,  W  Eugene  (R) 

76th 

Rowan 

Eaith 

McGee,  William  C.  (R) 

93rd 

Eorsyth 

Clemmons 

McHenry,  Patrick,  T.  (R) 

109th 

Gaston 

Cherryville 

McLawhom,  Marian  N,  (D) 

9th 

Pitt 

Grifton 

McMahan,  W  Edwin  (R) 

105th 

Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

Michaux,  Henry  M.,  Jr.  (D) 

31st 

Durham 

Durham 

Miller,  Paul  (D) 

29th 

Durham 

Durham 

Miner,  Da\id  M.  (R) 

36th 

Wake 

Gary 

Mitchell,  W  Eranklm  (R) 

96th 

Iredell 

Olm 

Moore,  Tim  (R) 

111th 

Cleveland 

Shelby 

Morgan,  Richard  T.  (R) 

52nd 

Moore 

Pinehurst 

Munford,  Don  (R) 

34th 

Wake 

Raleigh 

Nye,  Edd  (D) 

22nd 

Bladen 

Elizabethtown 

Owens,  William  C,  Jr.  (D) 

1st 

Pasquotank 

Elizabeth  City 

Parmon,  EarUne  W  (D) 

72nd 

Forsyth 

Winston-Salem 

Pate,  Louis  M.,  Jr.  (R) 

11th 

Wayne 

Mount  Olive 

Preston,  Jean  Rouse  (R) 

13th 

Carteret 

Emerald  Isle 

Rapp,  Ray  (D) 

118th 

Madison 

Mars  Hill 

Ray  Karen  B.  (R) 

95th 

Iredell 

Mooresville 

Ray  field,  John  M.  (R) 

108th 

Gaston 

Belmont 

Rhodes,  John  W  (R) 

98th 

Mecklenburg 

Cornelius 

Ross,  Deborah  K.  (D) 

38th 

Wake 

Raleigh 

Sauls,  John  1.  (R) 

51st 

Lee 

Sanford 

Saunders,  Drew  P  (D) 

99th 

Mecklenburg 

Huntersville 

Setzer,  Mitchell  S.  (R) 

89th 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Sexton,  P  Wa>Tie,  Sr.  (R) 

66th 

Rockingham 

Eden 

Sherrill,  Wilma  M.  (R) 

116th 

Buncombe 

Asheville 

St  am,  Paul  (R) 

37th 

Wake 

Apex 

449 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Representatives  (continued) 

Name 

Slarnes,  Edgar  V  (R) 
Steen,  Fred  ¥.,  11  (R) 
Stiller,  Bonner  L.  (R) 
Sutlon,  Ronnie  N.  (D) 
Tolson,  Joe  R  (D) 
Wainwright,  William  L.  (D) 
Walend,  Trudi  (R) 
Walker,  R.  Tracy  (R) 
Warner,  Alex  (R) 
Warren,  Edith  D.  (D) 
Weiss,  Jennifer  CD) 
West,  Roger  (R) 
Williams,  Arthur  J.  (D) 
Williams,  Keith  R  (R) 
Wilson,  Constance  K.  (R) 
Wilson,  W  Eugene  (R) 
Womble,  Larry  W  (D) 
Wood,  Stephen  W:  (R) 
Wright,  Thomas  E.  (D) 
Yongue,  Douglas  Y.  (D) 


Distnct 

County 

Address 

87th 

Caldwell 

Granite  Falls 

76th 

Rowan 

Landis 

17th 

Brunswick 

Oak  Island 

47th 

Robeson 

Pembroke 

23  rd 

Edgecombe 

Pinetops 

12ih 

Craven 

Havelock 

113th 

Transylvania 

Brevard 

83rd 

Wilkes 

Wilkesboro 

45th 

Cumberland 

Hope  Mills 

8th 

Pitt 

Farmville 

35th 

Wake 

Gary 

120ih 

Cherokee 

Marble 

6th 

Beaufort 

Washington 

14th 

Onslow 

Jacksonville 

104th 

Mecklenburg 

Charlotte 

82nd 

Watauga 

Boone 

71st 

Forsyth 

Wmston-Salem 

61st 

Guilford 

High  Point 

18th 

New  Hanover 

Wilmington 

46th 

Scotland 

Laurinburg 

450 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


N.C.  Speakers  of  the  House 


Speakers  of  the  House 

of  Burgesses  (Lower  House  of  the 

Colonial  Assembly) 

\  Representative 

County 

Assembly 

George  Catchmaid 

Albemarle 

1666 

Valentine  Bird 

Pasquotank 

1672 

(Valentine  Bird 

Pasquotank 

1673 

Thomas  Eastchurch 

Unknown 

1675 

Thomas  CuUen 

Chowan 

1677 

George  Durant 

Currituck 

1679 

John  Nixon 

Chowan 

1689 

ijohn  Porter 

Bath 

1697-98 

William  Wilkison 

Chowan 

1703 

Thomas  Boyd 

Unknown 

1707 

Edward  Mosely 

Chowan 

1708 

Richard  Sanderson 

Currituck 

1709 

William  Swann 

Cuuituck 

1711 

;  Thomas  Snoden 

Perquimans 

1711-12 

'Edward  Moseley 

Chowan 

1715-16 

Edward  Moseley 

Chowan 

1720 

Edward  Moseley 

Chowan 

1722 

Edward  Moseley 

Chowan 

1723 

Maurice  Moore 

Perquimans 

1725-26 

John  Baptista  Ashe 

Beaufort 

1725-26 

John  Baptista  Ashe 

Beaufort 

1727 

Thomas  Swann 

Pasquotank 

1729 

\  Edward  Moseley 

Chowan 

1731 

j  Edward  Moseley 

Chowan 

1733 

J  Edward  Moseley 

Chowan 

1734 

William  Downing 

Tyrrell 

1735 

[William  Downing 

Tyrrell 

1736-37 

William  Downing 

Tyrrell 

1738-39 

John  Hodgson 

Chowan 

1739-40 

[John  Hodgson 

Chowan 

1741 

Samuel  Swann 

Onslow 

1742-44 

'  Samuel  Swann 

Onslow 

1744-45 

1  Samuel  Swann 

Onslow 

1746 

j  Samuel  Swann 

1 

Onslow 

1746-52 

Samuel  Swann 

Onslow 

1753-54 

Uohn  Campbell 

Bertie 

1754-60 

^Samuel  Swann 

Onslow 

1754-60 

1  Samuel  Swann 

1 

i 

Onslow 

1760 

45' 

NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Spealzers  of  the  House 

Rcprcscnialwc 
Samuel  Swann 
Samuel  Swann 
John  Ashe 
John  Ashe 
John  Han'ey 
John  Han'ey 
Richard  Caswell 
John  Han'ey 
John  Han'ey 
John  Han'ey 

House  of  Commons 
Representative 
Abner  Nash 
John  Williams 
Thomas  Benbury 
Thomas  Benbury 
Thomas  Benbury 
Thomas  Benbury 
Thomas  Benbury 
Edward  Starkey 
Thomas  Benbury 
William  Blount 
Richard  Dobbs  Spaight 
John  B.  Ashe 
John  Sitgreaves 
John  Sitgreaves 
Stephen  Cabarrus 
Stephen  Cabarrus 
Stephen  Cabarrus 
Stephen  Cabarrus 
John  Leigh 
Timothy  Blood  worth 
John  Leigh 
John  Leigh 
Musendine  Matthews 
Musendme  Matthews 
Musendine  Matthews 
Stephen  Cabarrus 
Stephen  Cabarrus 


of  Burgesses  (Lower  House  of  the  Colonial  Assetttbly) 


County 

Assembly 

Onslow 

1761 

Onslow 

1762 

New  Hanover 

1762 

New  Hanover 

1764-65 

Perquimans 

1766-68 

Perquimans 

1769 

Craven 

1770-71 

Perquimans 

1773 

Perquimans 

1773-74 

Perquimans 

1775 

Countv 

Assembly 

Craven 

Mil 

Granville 

1778 

Chowan 

1778 

Chowan 

1779 

Chowan 

1780 

Chowan 

1781 

Chowan 

1782 

Onslow 

1783 

Chowan 

1784  (April) 

Craven 

1784  (Octobei 

■) 

Craven 

1785 

Halifax 

1786-87 

Craven 

1787 

Craven 

1788 

Chowan 

1789 

Chowan 

1790 

Chowan 

1791-92 

Chowan 

1792-93 

Edgecombe 

1793-94 

New  Hanover 

1794-95 

Edgecombe 

1795 

Edgecombe 

1796 

Iredell 

1797 

Iredell 

1798 

Iredell 

1799 

Chowan 

1800 

Chowan 

1801 

452 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


House  of  Commons  (continued) 


Representative 

County 

Assembly 

Stephen  Cabarrus 

Chowan 

1802 

Stephen  Cabarrus 

Chowan 

1803 

Stephen  Cabarrus 

Chowan 

1804 

Stephen  Cabarrus 

Chowan 

1805 

John  Moore 

Lincoln 

1806 

Joshua  Grainger  Wright 

New  Hanover 

1807 

Joshua  Grainger  Wright 

New  Hanover 

1808 

Wilham  Gaston 

Craven 

1808 

Thomas  Davis 

Cumberland 

1809 

Wilham  Hawkins 

Granville 

1810 

Wilham  Hawkins 

Granville 

1811 

William  Miller 

Warren 

1812 

William  Miller 

Warren 

1813 

William  Miller 

Warren 

1814 

John  Craig 

Orange 

1815 

Thomas  Rufhns 

Orange 

1816 

James  Iredell 

Chowan 

1816 

James  Iredell,  Jr. 

Chowan 

1817 

James  Iredell,  Jr. 

Chowan 

1818 

Romulus  M.  Saunders 

Caswell 

1819 

Romulus  M.  Saunders 

Caswell 

1820 

James  Mebane 

Orange 

1821 

John  D. Jones 

New  Hanover 

1822 

Alfred  Moore 

Brunswick 

1823-24 

Alfred  Moore 

Brunswick 

1824-25 

John  Stanly 

Craven 

1825-26 

John  Stanly 

Craven 

1826-27 

James  Iredell,  Jr. 

Chowan 

1827-28 

Thomas  Settle 

Rockingham 

1828-29 

William  J.  Alexander 

Mecklenburg 

1829-30 

Charles  Fisher 

Rowan 

1830-31 

Charles  Fisher 

Rowan 

1831-32 

Louis  D.  Henry 

Cumberland 

1832-33 

William  J.  Alexander 

Mecklenburg 

1833-34 

William  J .  Alexander 

Mecklenburg 

1834-35 

William  D.  Haywood,  Jr 

.  Wake 

1835 

William  H.  Haywood,  Ji 

-.  Wake 

1836-37 

William  A.  Graham 

Orange 

1838-39 

William  A.  Graham 

Orange 

1840-41 

453 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Hoiise  of  Commons  (continued) 

Representative 
Robert  B.  Gilliam 
Clavin  Graves 
Edward  Stanly 
Edward  Stanly 
Robert  B.  Gilliam 
Robert  B.  Gilliam 
James  C.  Dobbs 
John  Baxter 
Samuel  R  Hill 
Jesse  G.  Shepherd 
Thomas  Settle,  Jr. 
William  T.  Dortch 
Nathan  N.  Fleming 
Robert  B.  Gilliam 
Richard  S.  Donnell 
Marmaduke  S.  Robbins 
Richard  S.  Donnel 
Samuel  E  Phillips 
Rufus  Y.  McAden 

House  of  Representatives 

Representative 
Joseph  W  Holden 
Joseph  W.  Holden 
Thomas  J.  Jarvis 
James  L.  Robmson 
James  L.  Robinson 
Charles  Price 
John  M.  Mormg 
Charles  M.  Cooke 
George  M.  Rose 
Thomas  M.  Holt 
John  R.  Webster 
Augustus  Leazar 
Rufus  A.  Doughton 
Lee  S.  Overman 
Zeb  V  Walser 
A.E  Hileman 
Henr)'  G.  Connor 
Walter  E,  Moore 


County 

Assembly 

Granville 

1840-41 

Caswell 

1842-43 

Beaufort 

1844-45 

Beaufort 

1846-47 

Granville 

1846-47 

Graiwille 

1848-49 

Cumberland 

1850-51 

Henderson 

1852 

Caswell 

1854-55 

Cumberland 

1856-57 

Rockingham 

1858-59 

Wa)Tie 

1860-61 

Rowan 

1860-61 

Granville 

1862-64 

Beaufort 

1862-64 

Randolph 

1862-64 

Beaufort 

1864-65 

Orange 

1865-66 

Alamance 

1866-67 

es 

County 

Assenihlv 

Wake" 

1868 

Wake 

1869-70 

Tyrrell 

1870 

Macon 

1872 

Macon 

1874-75 

Davie 

1876-77 

Chatham 

1879 

Eranklm 

1881 

Cumberland 

1883 

Alamance 

1885 

Rockingham 

1887 

Iredell 

1889 

Alleghany 

1891 

Rowan 

1893 

Davidson 

1895 

Cabarrus 

1897 

Wilson 

1899-1900 

lackson 

1901 

454 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 

CHAPTER    FIVE 

House  of  Representatives  (continued) 

Representative 

County 

Assembly 

S.  M.  Gattis 

Orange 

1903 

Owen  H.  Guion 

Craven 

1905 

E.  J.  Justice 

Guilford 

1907 

A.  W  Graham 

Granville 

1909 

W  C.  Dowd 

Mecklenburg 

1911 

George  Connor 

Wilson 

1913 

Emmett  R.  Wooten 

Lenoir 

1915 

Walter  Murphy 

Rowan 

1917 

Dennis  G.  Brummitt 

Granville 

1919 

Harry  P.  Grier 

Iredell 

1921 

ijohn  G.  Dawson 

Lenoir 

1923-24 

'  Edgar  W  Pharr 

Mecklenburg 

1925 

Richard  T.  Fountain 

Edgecombe 

1927 

A.  H.  Graham 

Orange 

1929 

WilUs  Smith 

Wake 

1931 

R.  L.  Harris 

Person 

1933 

!  Robert  Johnson 

Pender 

1935-36 

!  R.  Gregg  Cherry 

Gaston 

1937 

D.  L.  Ward 

Craven 

1939 

0.  M.  Mull 

Cleveland 

1941 

John  Kerr,  Jr. 

Warren 

1943 

Oscar  L.  Richardson 

Union 

1945 

Thomas  J.  Pearsall 

Nash 

1947 

Kerr  Craig  Ramsay 

Rowan 

1949 

W  Frank  Taylor 

Wayne 

1951 

Eugene  T.  Bost,  Jr. 

Cabarrus 

1953 

Larry  I.  Moore,  Jr. 

Wilson 

1955-56 

James  K.  Doughton 

Alleghany 

1957 

Addison  Hewlett 

New  Hanover 

1959 

Joseph  M.  Hunt,  Jr. 

Guilford 

1961 

H.  Clifton  Blue 

Moore 

1963 

H.  Patrick  Taylor,  Jr. 

Anson 

1965-66 

David  M.  Britt 

Robeson 

1967 

Earl  W.  Vaughn 

Rockingham 

1969 

Philip  P  Godwin 

Gates 

1971 

James  E.  Ramsey 

Person 

1973-74 

James  C.  Green 

Bladen 

1975-76 

Carl  J.  Stewart,  Jr. 

Gaston 

1977-78 

'  Cad  J.  Stewart,  Jr. 

Gaston 

1979-80 

455 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


House  of  Representatives  (continued) 


Representative 
Liston  B.  Ramsey 
Lision  B.  Ramsey 
Liston  B.  Ramsey 
Lision  B.  Ramsey 
Josephus  L.  Max'retic 
Daniel  T.  Blue,  Jr. 
Harold  J.  Brubaker 
James  B.  Black 
Richard  T.  Morgan 


County 

Madison 

Madison 

Madison 

Madison 

Edgecombe 

Wake 

Randolph 

Mecklenburg 

Moore 


Assembly 

1981-82 

1983-84 

1985-86 

1987-88 

1989-90 

1991-94 

1995-98 

1999-Present 

2003-Present 


456 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


James  Boyce  Black 

Democratic  Speaker  of  the  House 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg  County 

One  Hundredth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Matthews,  Mecklenburg  County,  on  March 
25,  1935,  to  Boyce  James  and  Margaret  Query  Black. 

Education 

East  Mecklenburg,  1953;  B.A.  in  Business 
Administration;  Lenoir-Rhyne  College,  1958;  B.S.  and 
Doctor  of  Optometry,  Southern  College  of  Optometry, 
1962. 

ProfessionalBackgwund 

Optometrist,  Dr.  James  B.  Black  &  Associates. 

Political  Activities 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present,  Member,  N.C.  House  of 
Representatives,  1981-84  and  1991-Present  (Majority  Whip,  1993-94;  Minority 
Leader,  1995-98);  Matthews  Town  Council,  1988. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Past  President,  Mecklenburg  County  Optometnc  Association;  Past  President,  North 
Carolina  State  Optometric  Society;  Matthews  Optimist  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

:  Board  Member,  Mecklenburg  County  Mental  Health  Association;  Board  Member, 
:  Local  Advisory  Board,  United  Carolina  Bank;  Board  of  Trustees,  N.C.  Optometric 
Society. 

;  Military  Service 

'Petty  Officer,  3rd  Class,  USNR,  USS  Massey  1955-56;  Reserves  1956-60. 

j  Honors  and  Awards 

'  1983  N.C.  Optometrist  of  the  Year;  1999  Honorary  Doctorate,  Lenoir  Rhyne;  2000 
C^ptometrist  of  the  South. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Betty  Clodfelter  Black.  Two  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  Matthews 
United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

The  Speaker  of  the  House  appoints  all  committee  memberships. 


457 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Richard  Timothy  Morgan 

Republican  Speaker  of  the  House 

Republican,  Moore  County 

Fifty-Second  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Moore  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Soulhern  Pmcs,  Moore  County,  on  July 
12,  1952,  to  Alexander  and  Mary  Katherine  Cram 
Morgan. 

EdueationalBacliground 

Piiiecrest  High  School,  1970;  A. A.  with  Honors 
in  Liberal  Arts,  Sandhills  Community  College, 
1972;  B.A.  m  PoUtical  Science,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1974. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Owner,  Richard  T.  Morgan  &  Associates  and  The  Morgan  Group. 

Political  Activities 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Member,  N.C.  House  of 
Representatives,  1996-Present. 

Business/Pix)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Semice  Oi^anizations 

Director,  Carolmas  Association  of  Professional  Insurance  Agents;  Independent 
Insurance  Agents  Association  of  N.C;  Sandhills  Association  of  Life  Underwriters. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  First  Moore  County  Drug  Task  Force;  Member,  Moore  County  Drug  Task 
Force;  Chair,  Moore  County  Insurance  Review  Committee. 

Honors  andAwards 

Outstanding  Young  Men  in  North  Carolina,  1991;  Distinguished  Service  Award, 
1991;  Outstanding  Young  Men  m  America,  1976,  1977,  1979,  1980  and  1981 
editions. 

Pet^sonal  Information 

Married,  Cynthia  Sue  Richardson.  Member,  Community  Presbyterian  Church  ot 
Pmehurst. 

Committee  Assignments 

The  speaker  of  the  house  appoints  all  committee  memberships. 


458 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Joe  Hackney 

House  Democratic  Leader 

Democrat,  Orange  County 

Fifty-Fourth  Representative  District:  Cliatliam 
and  Portions  of  Orange  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Siler  City,  Chatham  County,  on 
September  23,  1945,  to  Herbert  Harold  and  Ida 
LilUan  Dorsett  Hackney. 

EducationalBachground 

Silk  Hope  High  School,  1963;  N.C.  State 
University,  1963-64;  A.B.  with  Honors  m 
PoUtical  Science,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1964-67; 
J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1970. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

Attorney  and  Partner,  Firm  of  Epting  &  Hackney 

Political  Actiuities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1981-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

ji  Orange  County  (Former  President),  N.C.  and  American  Bar  Associations;  N.C. 
*  Academy  of  Trial  Lavv^ers;  Former  President,  15th  District  Bar. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

[Executive  Committee,  National  Conference  of  State  Legislatures;  Co-Chair, 
Commission  on  Smart  Growth,  Growth  Management  and  Development  Issues; 
Former  Member,  Joint  Orange-Chatham  Community  Action,  Inc. 

I  Honors  and  Awards 

1998  Outstanding  Legislator,  N.C.  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers;  1998  and  1985, 
Governors  Award,  Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Wildlife  Federation;  Recycling  Merit 
Award,  N.C.  Recycling  Association,  1991. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Betsy  Strandberg  Hackney.  Two  children.  Member,  Hickory  Mountain  Baptist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Judiciary  I;  Vice  Chair,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources  and  Rules, 
Calendar  and  Operations  of  the  House;  Member,  Appropriations  and  Finance. 


459 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Joe  Leonard  Kiser 

House  Republican  Leader 

Republican,  Lincoln  County 

Ninety-Seventh  Representative  District: 
Lincoln  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Lmcolnion,  Lincoln  County,  on 
August  20,  1933,  to  Fitzhugh  and  Lorene 
Goodnight  Kiser. 

EducatJonalBackground 

Union  High  School,  Lincoln  County,  1951; 
B.S.  in  Physics,  Lenoir-Rhpie  College,  1954. 

ProfessionalBaclzground 

Former  Sheriff,  Lincoln  County  Sheriffs 

Department,  1989-94;  Sixteen  Years  Engaged  m  Farming  and  Operating  Kiser s 

Agricultural  Supply;  Eighteen  Years  High  School  Teacher  and  Coach. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present;  Lincoln  County  Sheriff, 
1989-94;  Vice-Chair,  Lincoln  County  Board  of  Commissioners,  1986-89. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Governors  Commission  on  Crime  and  Punishment,  1990-91;  Lincoln  County 
Board  of  Social  Services,  1986-89;  Governors  Crime  Commission,  1987-89. 

Honors  andAwards 

Lincoln  County  Law  Enforcement  OtTicer  of  the  Year,  1994;  Lincoln  County 
Republican  of  the  Year,  1986. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married,  Earlene  Self  Kiser  (deceased).  One  child.  Member,  Palm  Tree  United 
Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety;  Member,  Agriculture, 
Appropriations,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform,  Judiciary  IV  and 
Pensions  and  Retirement. 


460 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Beverly  Earle 

House  Democratic  Whip 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg  County 

One  Hundred-First  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Greensboro,  Guilford  County,  on 
December  30,  1943,  to  Angelo  Jr.  and  Edna 
Wilkins  Miller. 

EducationalBackground 

Dudley  High  School,  Greensboro,  1961;  Social 
'  Science,  N.C.  A&T  State  University 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

'Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Business/Professional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

:  Executive  Committee,  NCSL;  Nevms  Center;  National  Organization  of  Black  Elected 
Legislative  Women. 

Appointive  and  Elected  Boards  and  Commissions 

Women  In  Government;  Board  of  Visitors,  Johnson  C  Smith;  N.C.  Community 
Development  Initiative. 

Honors  and  Awards 

March  of  Dimes,  N.C.  Pubhc  Affairs  Leadership  Award,  2003;  N.C.  Psychiatric 
'Association,  Beacon  for  Mental  Health,  2003;  Home  &  Hospice  Leadership  Avv^ard, 
.Representative  of  the  Year,  2003. 

I  Personal  In fDrmation 

One  child.    Member,  Christ  the  King  Episcopal  Church. 

j  Committee  Assignments 

'Chair,  Appropriations;  Member,  Aging,  Health,  Judiciary  IV  and  Science  and 
Technology. 

i 


461 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Robert  Phillip  Haire 

House  Democratic  Whip 

Democrat,  Jackson  County 

One  Hundred-Nineteenth  Representative 
District:  JacJison,  Swain  and  Portions  of 
Haywood  and  Macon  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Carcua,  WV,  on  May  1,  lo  Herman 
E.  and  Pauline  Jackson  Haire. 

EducationalBcickgiryund 

Beaver  Creek  High  Schook  Wesl  Jefferson; 
B.A.  m  History,  UNC-Chapel  HiU,  1958; 
J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  kaw,  196k 

Pir)fessionalBaclzgir)und 

Atlorney;  R.  Phillip  Haire,  Attorney  At  kaw. 

Political  Activities 

Meriiber,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1999-Present. 

Biisiness/F^x>fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Coniniunity  Service  Oi^anizations 

N.C.  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Academy  ol  Trial  kav^yers;  Jackson  County  Historical 
Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Board  ol  Governors,  University  of  North  Carolina;  Board  ot  Trustees,  Western 
Carolina  University;  Advisory  Council,  Eastern  Band  ot  the  Cherokee  Nation;  Western 
North  Carolina  Economic  Development  Commission  (Advantage  West);  Assistant 
Majority  Counsel,  U.S.  Senate  Select  Committee  on  Campaign  Activities  (Watergate). 

Military  Service 

Captain,  JAGC,  U.S.  Air  Force,  1962-65. 

Honors  andAivaixis 

Distinguished  Service  Award,  Jackson  County  Youth  Sports;  Chair,  N.C.  Conference 
of  Bar  Presidents;  Distinguished  Service  Award,  lackson  Countv  Historical 
Association. 

Personal  In fonnation 

Married,  Constance  Mullmnix  Haire.  Three  children,  hour  grandchildren.  Member,! 
First  United  Methodist  Church  of  Sylva.  I 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety;  Vice  Chair,; 
Appropriations;  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Universities, 
Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Judiciary  IV  and  Transportation. 


462 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Marian  Nelson  McLawhorn 

House  Democratic  Whip 

Democrat,  Pitt  County 

Ninth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Pitt  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Kinston,  Lenoir  County,  to  Richard 
Alonza  and  Murle  Chapman  Harvey  Nelson. 

EducationalBackground 

Grifton  High  School,  Grifton,  1961;  B.S.  in 
Business  Administration,  East  CaroUna 
University,  1967;  Masters  in  Library  Science, 
ECU,  1988;  Education  Leadership  and 
Supervision  Certihcation,  ECU,  1997. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Media. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1999-Present;  Mayor,  Town  of  Grifton, 
1997-98;  Commissioner,  Town  of  Grifton,  1992-97. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Business  and  Professional  Women;  Women's  Forum,  Greenville/Pitt  County 
Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Democratic  Whip,  N.C.  House,  2003-2004;  Board  of  Directors,  Sheppard  Memorial 
Library  Board,  1990-96  (Chair,  1993-95);  Board  of  Directors,  Grifton  Civic  Center 
Board,  1993-97  (Chair,  1994-96);  Board  of  Directors,  Grifton  Library  1990-92. 

Honors  andAwards 

'1999  Career  Woman  of  the  Year,  BPW;  Library  Champion  Award,  N.C.  Public 
(Library  Directors  Association;  1995  and  1998  Educator  Spotlight  Award,  Craven 

1  County. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  to  Richard  Herman  McLawhorn,  III;  Eour  children.  Three  grandchildren. 
Member,  Grifton  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

, Chair,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Community  Colleges;  Vice-Chair, 
Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education,  Education;  Member,  Appropriations, 
Judiciary  III,  Legislative  Redistricting  and  Pensions  and  Retirement. 


463 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Paul  Miller 

House  Democratic  Whip 

Democrat,  Durham  County 

Twenty-Ninth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Durham  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  on  August  25, 
1959  to  Coleman  and  Martha  Smith  Miller. 

EducatJonalBackground 

Evanston  Township  High  School,   1972; 
Mathmatics,  M.I.T.,  1981. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Registered  Investment  Advisor,  Paul  Miller 
Investments. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2001-Present;  Durham  City  Council,  1995- 
1999. 

Biisiness/Pix)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Durham  Branch,  N.A.A.C.R 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Durham  Planning  Commission,  1992-1995;  Durham  Youth  Services  Advisory 
Board,  1992-1995. 

Personal  In fbiination 

Married,  Vickie  L.  Booker  Miller.    One  child.   Member,  St.  Titus  Episcopal  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Science  and  Technology;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources,  Financial  Institutions,  Judiciary 
1  and  Rules,  Calendar,  and  Operations  of  the  House. 


464 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Trudi  Walend 

House  Republican  Whip 

Republican,  Transylvania  County 

One  Hundred  -Tliirteenth  Representative 
District:  Polk  and  Portions  of  Henderson 
and  Transylvania  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Atlanta,  Fulton  County,  Georgia,  on 
June  25,  1943,  to  Rene  Joseph  and  Elinor 
Arban  Martin. 

EducationalBackground 

St.  Pius  X  High  School,  Atlanta,  1961;  B.S., 
Western  Carolina  University,  1977. 

'  ProfessionalBackground 

■'  Business  Owner,  Macintosh  Help. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1999-Present;  Transylvania  County 
Commissioner. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Association  of  University  Women;  American  Red  Cross  Board. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

■  NCSL  National  Committee  on  Information  Technology  &  Commerce;  N.C.  Joint 

■  Select  Committee  on  Information  Technology. 

;  Honors  and  Awards 

2003  Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Perinatal  Association;  2001  Legislator  of  the  Year, 
I  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers. 

j  Personalln/brmaHon 

Married,  Kenneth  Frank  Walend.  Three  children.  Four  grandchildren.  Member,  Sacred 
j  Heart  Catholic  Church. 

I  Committee  Assi^ments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  General  Government;  Member, 

Appropriations,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary 

I  and  Secondary  Education,  Financial  Institutions,  Judiciary  II  and  Science  Technology. 


465 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Alma  S.Adams 

Democrat,  Guilford  County 

Fifty-Eighth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Guilford  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  High  Point  on  May  27,  1946,  to 
Benjamin  (deceased)  and  Mattie  Stokes 
Shealey. 

EducationalBackgixnmd 

West  Side  High  School,  Newark,  NJ.,  1964; 
B.S.  in  Art  Education.  N.C.  A&T  State 
University,  1969;  M.S.  m  Art  Education, 
N.C.  A&T  State  University,  1972;  Ph.D.  m 
Art  Education/Multicultural  Education,  Ohio 
State  University  1981. 

Pir)fessionalBackgix)und 

Pro  lessor  oi  Art.  Bennett  College. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1994-Present;  Greensboro  City  Council, 
1987-94;  Greensboro  City  School  Board,  1984-86. 

Business/Pir)fessioiiaU  Chaiitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Or^anizatioiis 

African  American  Atelier,  Inc.;  Life  Member,  Greensboro  Branch,  N.A.A.CP;  United 
Arts  Council  of  Greensboro. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Cormnissions 

N.C.  Women's  Legislative  Caucus.  1999-2000;  Founding  Board  Member,  the 
American  Legacv  Foundation;  Chair,  Guilford  Delegation,  2000-02. 

Honors  andAwards 

2000  Distinguished  Women  of  North  Carolina;  Distinguished  W.K.  Kellogg  Fellow, 
1990-93;  Woman  of  Achievement  m  the  Arts,  1992. 

PersonallnforTnation 

Two  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  New  Zion  Missionary  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Local  Government  II;  X'lce  Chair,  State  Government;  Member,  Aging, 
Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  General  Government  and  Health. 


466 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Martha  Bedell  Alexander 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg 
County 

One  Hundred  -Sixth  Representative  Dis- 
trict: Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Ekirly  Years 

Born  m  Jacksonville,  Florida,  on  August  30, 
1939,  to  Chester  Bedell  and  Edmonia  Hair 
Bedell. 

Education 

Robert  E.  Lee  School,  Jacksonville  Florida, 
1957;  B.S.  in  Education,  Florida  State 
University,  1961;  Master  of  Human 
Development  and  Learning,  UNC-Charlotte,  1979. 

PmfessionalBackgroimd 

Housewife. 

PoliticalActwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Cwic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

'World  Service  Council,  YWCA;  National  Council  on  Alcoholism  and  Drug 
Dependence;  Chair,  Companion  Diocese  Committee,  Episcopal  Church. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

;  Advisory  Budget  Commission;  Joint  Legislative  Commission  on  Governmental 
Operations;  Joint  Legislative  Oversight  Committee  on  Mental  Health,  Developmental 
;  Disabilities  and  Substance  Abuse  Services. 

Honors  and  Awards 

,  2000  Legislator  of  the  Year,  Covenant  with  North  Carolina's  Children;  Defender  of 
I  Justice,  N.C.  Justice  and  Community  Development  Center;  2000  Legislative  Advocate 
\  of  the  Year,  NAADAC. 

I  Personallnformation 

Married,  James  Frosst  Alexander.  Two  children.  Four  grandchildren.  Member,  Christ 
Episcopal  Church,  Charlotte. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Legislative  Redistricting;  Vice-Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Children,  Youth  and 
Families,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform  and  Judiciary  I. 


467 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Bernard  Allen 

Democrat,  Wake  County 

Tliirty-TJurd  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

Pix)fessioiialBacIigrx)und 

Retired  Educaior. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2003-Present. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  State  Government;  Member, 
Appropriations,  Appropriations 

Sulocommittee  on  General  Government, 
Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on 
Community  Colleges,  Health  and  Pensions  and  Retirement. 


468 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Gordon  Phillip  Allen,  Sr. 

Democrat,  Person  County 

Fifty-Fifth  Representative  District:  Person 
and  Portions  of  Orange  counties 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Roxboro,  Person  County,  on  Apnl  29, 
1929,  to  G.  Lemuel  and  Sallie  Wilkerson  Allen. 

EducationalBackground 

Roxboro   High   School,    1947;  A. A.   in 
Business,  Mars  Hill  College,  1949. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Independent  Insurance  Agent,  Thompson- 
Allen,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-Present;  N.C.  Senate,  1969-1974. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Past  Director,  Independent  Insurance  Agents  of  North  Carolma;  Past  President, 
Roxboro  Kiwanis  Club;  Partners  in  Education. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  Homesavings  of  Durham;  Member,  Board  of  Directors, 
Central  Carolina  Bank  of  Durham;  Member,  Board  of  Directors,  Peoples  Bank; 
Founding  Chairman,  Piedmont  Community  College  (Board  Member  for  30  years). 

Military  Service 

1st  Lieutenant,  2nd  Infantry  Division,  U.S.  Army,  1951-53;  Served  in  the  Korean 
War;  Avv^arded  Bronze  Star,  Korean  Ser\TLce  Medal  with  Two  Bronze  Service  Stars; 
United  Nations  Medal  with  Two  Bronze  Stars;  Overseas  Service  Bar. 

Honors  andAivards 

1999  Distinguished  Service  Award,  Mars  Hill  College;  Thirty  Year  Service  Award, 
Piedmont  Community  College;  1959  Jaycees  Distinguished  Service  Award. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Betsy  Harris  Allen.  Five  children.  Seventeen  grandchildren.  Member,  Long 
Memorial  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Finance;  Vice-Chair,  Public  Utilities;  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee 
on  Community  Colleges,  Health  and  Transportation. 


469 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Lucy  T.Allen 

Democrat,  Franklin  County 

Forty-Ninth  Representative  District: 
Franklin  and  Portions  of  Halifax  and 
Warren  counties 

ProfessionalBacligtxnind 

Homemakcr. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2003-Present. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Local  Go\'ernment  II;  Member, 
Appropriations,  Appropriations 

Subcommittee  on  Transportation, 
Environment  and  Natural  Resources, 
Insurance  and  Transportation. 


470 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


CaryD.AIIred 

Republican,  Alamance  County 

Sixty-Fourth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Alamance  County 

Early  Years 

j  Born  111  Mebane,  Alamance  County,  on 
I  February  7, 1947,  to  Maurice  Frank  and  Rosa 
:i  Ftta  Frances  Sykes  Allred. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Southern  Alamance  High  School,  1965;  B.A. 
m  Social  Science,  Elon  College,   1970; 
•  Graduate  School,  Davidson  Community 
College  and  UNC-Greensboro,  1974-75. 

I  ProfessionalBackground 

Founder,  President  and  CEO,  EconoMed 
Pharmaceuticals,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present;  Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1981- 
84;  Alamance  County  Commissioner,  1984-94. 

Business/Professional,  CharitahWCivic  or  Conununity  Service  Organizations 

Former  Member,  Graham  Jaycees;  Former  Member,  Alamance  County  Heart 
Association;  American  Legion. 

\  Appointive  andElectedBoards  and  Commissions 

Former  Member,  Alamance  County  Board  of  Health;  Former  Chair,  Special  Gifts, 
,  Alamance  County  Heart  Association;  Former  Chair,  Alamance  Recycling  and  Solid 
:  Waste  Commission. 

^  Military  Service 

iu.S.  Na\7,  NATO  Special  Forces,  1967-68;  U.S.  Naval  Reserves. 

\  Honors  and  Awards 

I  Guardian  of  Small  Business,  National  Federation  of  Independent  Businesses;  4-H 
Outstanding  Alumnus  Award  for  Alamance  County;  Free  Enterprise  Award  for 
Alamance  County,  Graham  Jaycees,  1979. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Jean  Brown  Allred.  One  child.  Christian. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Transportation;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on 
1  Health  and  Human  Services,  Financial  Institutions  and  Health. 


471 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Rex  Levi  Baker 

Republican,  Stokes  County 

Ninety-First  Representative  District: 
Stokes  and  Portions  of  Forsyth  and  Surry 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  King,  Stokes  County,  on  June  9, 
1938,  to  Henty  Ralph  and  Mary  Elizabeth 
Slate  Baker. 

EdiwatJonalBacl^groimd 

Kn-ig  High  School,  1956;  B.B.A.,  Wake 
Forest  University,  1963;  M.B.A.,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1965, 

ProfessionalBackgrounjd 

Owner,  King  Foods,  Inc.  (.President,  1989- 
Present);  Retired  Executive,  R.J.  Repiolds. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Member,  Board  of  Directors,  N.C.  Rural  Center. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married,  Helen  Virginia  Wall  Baker.  Two  children.    One  grandchild. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations;  Member,  Agriculture,  Alcoholic  Beverage  Control, 
Occupational  Safety  and  Health  and  State  Government. 


472 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Bobby  Harold  Barbee,  Sr. 

Republican,  Stanly  County 

Seventieth  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Stanly  and  Union  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Locust,  Stanly  County,  on 
November  24,  1927,  to  Relus  W  and  Joy 
Hartsell  Barbee. 

EducationalBackground 

Graduate,  Stanfield  High  School,  1945. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Owner,  Barbee  Insurance  and  Associates; 
Land  development  and  home -building  with 
B.B.S.  Construction. 

PoliticalActiuities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1987-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

President,  West  Stanly  Colt  Club,  1982-85;  Former  Member,  Locust  Elementary 
P.T.A.  (President,  1964-66,  1984-85). 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Member,  West  Stanly  High  School  Advisory  Board,  1986-87;  Member,  Stanly  County 
Community  Schools  Advisory  Board,  1986-87;  Board  of  Directors,  Stanly  Memorial 
Hospital  Foundation,  1990-96. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army  Air  Force,  1945-47. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Jacqueline  Pethel  Barbee.  Five  children.  Eleven  grandchildren.  Member, 
Carolina  Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Wildlife  Resources;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee 
on  Transportation,  Insurance,  Local  Government  I  and  Pensions  and  Retirement. 


473 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Jeffrey  L  Barnhart 

Republican,  Cabarrus  County 

Seventy-Fifth  Representative  District:  Portiojis  of 
Cabarriis  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  VVax'eiiy,  New  York,  on  March  5,  1956, 
10  Fred  Harrison  and  Mildred  Lorraine  Sjostrom 
Barnhart. 


Exhication 

Waverly  High  School,  1974;  B.S.  m  Indiislrial 
Technology,  Souihern  Illinois  University,  1981. 

Pir)fessionalBacIiground 

Sell-employed,  Cabarrus  Fence  Co.,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2001-Present;  Member,  Cabarrus  County 
Board  of  Commissioners. 

Business/Professional,  Cliatitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

Cabarrus  Regional  Chamber  ol  Commerce.  I 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boatxis  and  Commissions  I 

Cabarrus  County  Economic  Development  Corporation,  1991-2000;  Water  &  Sewer 
Authority  of  Cabarms  County,  1994-2000.  ' 

Military  Service 

E-4,  xA.ir  Force  Communications  Command,  U.S.  Air  Force,  1978-82. 

Pei'sonal  Information 

Married,  Jod)'  L.  Springston  Barnhart.  Four  children.  Member,  Crossroads  United, 
Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments  ■ 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Health  and  Human  Services;  Member,, 
Appropriations,  Children,  Youth  and  Families,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee 
on  Universities,  Health  and  Judiciaiy  III.  j 


474 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Larry  Moseley  Bell 

Democrat,  Sampson  County 

Twenty-First  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Duplin,  Sampson  and  Wayne  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Faison,  Sampson  County,  on  August  18, 
1939,  to  Johnny  Moseley  and  Fannie  Mae  Boone 
Bell. 

Education 

Douglass  High  School,  Warsaw,  1957;  B.S.  in  Social 

Studies  and  General  Science,  North  Carolina  A&T 

State    University,    1961;    M.A.    in    Education 

Administration,  North  Carolina  AtSiT  State  University,  1976;  Ed.  S.  in  Education 

Administration,  East  Carolina  University,  1985. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired  School  Superintendent. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2001-Present;  Sampson  County 
Commissioner/Superintendent  of  Schools;  Community  College  Trustee. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service 

Chairman,  Division  of  Superintendents,  NCASA;  Sampson  County  Voters  League; 
Chairman,  Board  of  Trustees,  Kenansville  Eastern  M.  Baptist  Association. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Chairman,  Region  M.  Council  of  Government;  Member  Joint  Forum,  League  of 
Municipalities,  County  Commissioners;  Chairman,  Clinton/Sampson  Human 
Relations  Board. 

Honors  andAwards 

Legislature  of  the  Year  Award,  N.C.  Physical  Education  Arts  and  Recreation 
Department,  2003;  Elected  to  the  Sampson  County  Hall  of  Fame,  2001;  N.C. 
Librarians  Association  Administrator  of  the  Year,  1993. 

Personallnfbrmation 

One  child.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  Poplar  Grove  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Pensions  and  Retirement;  Vice-Chair,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School, 
Elementary  and  Secondary  Education;  Member,  Agriculture,  Appropriations, 
Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education  and  Ethics. 


475 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

J.Curtis  Blackwood,  Jr. 

Republican,  Union  County 

Seventy -Tliird  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Union  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Charlotlc,  Mecklenburg  County,  m 
1942. 

Educaiion 

Attended  Mecklenburg  County  Public  Schools; 
Graduated  Gordon  Military  Academy, 
Barnsville,  GA;  B.A.  m  History,  University  of 
Georgia;  M.Ed,  m  Administration,  Ohio 
Universtiy;  Ed.D.  in  Curriculum  and  Administration,  University  ol  Georgia. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Teacher  and  Principal,  1965-1983.  Businessman,  property  owner  and  management, 
1980-present. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2002-Present. 

Businjess/Pix>fessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Legislative  Exchange  Council  Education  Task  Force;  National  Conference 
of  State  Legislatures  Environment  and  Natural  Resources  Standing  Committee;  Co- 
Chair,  Joint  Select  Committee  on  Workforce  Needs;  Committee  on  Street  Gang 
Pevention;  Committee  on  Child  Abuse,  Neglect,  Foster  Care  and  Adoption;  Select 
Committee  on  the  Rising  Cost  of  Health  Care;  Select  Committee  on  Students  on 
Long-Term  Suspension;  Life  Member,  Kiwanis  International,  Scottish  Society  of 
the  Waxhaws,  Clan  Douglas. 

Personallnfoimation 

Married  Audrey  Blackwood.    Two  children.    Member,  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Occupational  Safety  and  Health;  Member,  Education,  Education 
Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementaiy  and  Secondary  Education,  Environment 
and  Natural  Resources,  Finance  and  Ways  and  Means. 


476 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


JohnM.BIust 

Republican,  Guilford  County 

Sixty-Second  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Guilford  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Hamilton,  Ohio,  on  June  4,  1954, 
to  Gordon  Charles  and  Barbara  J.  Brown 
Blust. 

Education 

Western  Guilford  High  School, 
Greensboro,  1972;  B.S.  in  Accounting  and 
Business  Administration,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1979;  J.D.,  UNC  School  of  Law,  1983. 

ProfessUmalBackground 

Attorney. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2001-Present;  Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1997- 
99. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Member,  Board  of  Directors,  Guilford  Mental  Health  Board;  Vance  Harner  Scholarship 
Fund. 

Military  Service 

Captain,  82nd  Airborne,  2nd  Infantry  Dmsion,  U.S.  Army,  1982-85. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Member,  Westover  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

None.. 


477 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Donald  Allen  Bonner 

Democrat,  Robeson  County 

Forty-Eighth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Hoke,  Robeson  and  Scotland 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Rowland,  Robeson  Couni);  on  June 
22,  1935,  to  Ernest  and  Catherine  G.  McGirt 
Bonner. 

EducationalBacfiground 

Southside  High  School,  Rowland,  N.C., 
1951;  B.S.  m  Biology/Physical  Education, 
N.C.  Central  University,  1955;  M.S.  m 
Physical  Education,  N.C.  Central  University, 
1964;  Ed.  Specialist.  East  Carolina 
University  1982. 

ProfessionalBacIiground 

Retired  Educator,  Robeson  County  Public  Schools. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-Present. 

Business/F^'ofessional,  Chantable/^Civic  or  Coimnwiity  Service  Organizations 

Life  Member,  NAACP;  N.C.  Association  of  Retired  School  Personnel;  Alpha  Phi 
Alpha  Fraternity 

Elective  and  Appointed Boarxis  and  Commissions 


Advisory  Board,  Rowland  Branch,  Lumbee  Guaranty  Bank;  Advisory  Board, 
NCHSAA. 

Military  Seiuice 

Spec-4,  Medical  Corps,  U.S.  Army  1958-60. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Andre^  Nadeau  Educator  of  the  Year  Award,  1988;  NCHSAA  Hall  of  Fame,  1993. 

Pei'sonallnfbnnation 

Married,  Elizabeth  Parnell.  One  child.  Member,  New  Hope  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Education;  Member,  Agriculture,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee 
on  Education,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform  and  Judiciary  II. 


478 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


Alice  Louise  Bordsen 

Democrat,  Alamance  County 

Sixty-  Tliird  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Alamance  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  on 
February  19,  1947,  to  Oscar  and  Gloria 
Thomas  Bordsen. 

Educatkm 

Myers  Park  High  School,  Charlotte;  B.A. 
m  History  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1977;  M.S. 
in  Library  Science,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1983; 
J.D.,NCCU,  2001. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Mebane  City  Council,  1999- 
2002. 

Business/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Alamance  County  Community  Council;  Alamance  County  Womens  Resource  Center; 
N.C.  Association  of  Trial  Lawyers. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Prisoners  Legal  Services. 

Honors  andAwards 

N.C.  Freshman  Legislator  of  the  Year,  Association  of  Home  and  Hospice  Care  of 
N.C,  2004. 

Personallnformation 

Married,  Donald  Oehler.    Two  children.    Two  grandchildren. 

Committee  Appointments 

Vice-Chair,  Fducation  Subcommittee  on  Community  Colleges;  Member,  Aging, 
Education,  Finance,  Judiciary  II  and  Public  UtiHties. 


479 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Joanne  W.Bowie 

Republican,  Guilford  County 

Fifty-Seventh  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Guilford  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Terre  Haule,  Indiana,  on  June  18,  to  Phillip 
and  lona  Brown  Walker. 

Education 

B.A.  in  Fine  Art,  English,  West  Virginia  University; 
M.S.  in  Communication-Visual  Aides,  West  Virginia 
University. 

PixyfessionalBackground 

Retired  Public  Relations  Specialist. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1989-Present;  Greensboro  City  Council, 
1977-88. 

Busiiiess/PixtfessionaU  Cfiaritable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Greensboro  Chamber  of  Commerce  (Board  of  Directors,  1986);  Mothers  March, 
March  of  Dimes  (Chairman  of  Local  March,  1974-75);  Board  of  Directors,  N.C. 
Retail  Merchants  Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

State  Board  of  Community  Colleges,  1985-88;  Governors  Appointee,  2001 
Transportation  Commission;  Governors  Appointee,  Rail  Passenger  Service  Task 
Force  Committee,  1991. 

Honors  andAwards 

1998,  1999  Woman  of  the  Year,  Guilford  County  RepubUcan  Women;  2000-2001 
State  Director,  N.C.  Foundation  for  Women  Legislators,  Inc.;  2000  Legislator  of 
the  Year  Award,  N.C.  Society  of  Eye  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

Personal  In foimation 

Two  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member,  Saint  Paul  the  Apostle  Catholic  Church, 
Greensboro. 

Committee  Appointments 

Chair,  Education  Subsommittee  on  Universities;  Member,  Appropriations; 
Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Health  and  Human  Sen-ices;  Education;  Health; 
Judiciaiy  IV  and  State  Government. 


480 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Harold  James  Brubaker 

Republican,  Randolph  County 

Seventy-Eighth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Randolph  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Mount  Joy,  Pennsylvania,  on  November  1 1 , 
1946,  to  Paul  N.  and  Verna  Mae  Miller  Brubaker. 

EducatioruUBackground 

B.S.  in  Agricultural  Economics,  Pennsylvania  State 
University,  1969;  Masters  in  Economics,  N.C.  State 
University,  1971. 

ProfessionalBackground 

President,  Brubaker  &  Associates,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1977-Present  (Speaker  of  the  House,  1995- 
98;  House  Minority  Leader,  1981-84;  Joint  Caucus  Leader,  Republican  Members 
of  the  N.C.  General  Assembly,  1979-80);  Co-Chairman,  N.C.  Reagan-Bush 
Committee,  1980;  Delegate-at-Large,  National  Republican  Convention,  1980,  1996 
and  2000. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Randolph  County  Farm  Bureau;  Grange;  N.C.  Holstem  Association;  4-H  Club  leader 
(Former  President,  N.C.  Development  Fund). 

Honors  andAwards 

Outstanding  Young  Men  m  N.C,  1981;  Outstanding  4-H  Alumni  of  N.C,  1981; 
Distinguished  Service  Award,  1981. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married,  Geraldine  Baldwin.  Two  children.  Member,  St.  John's  Lutheran  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Ex-officio  member  of  all  committees  except  Congressional  Redistricting  and 
Legislative  Redistricting;  Chair,  Public  Utilities;  Member,  Ethics;  Legislative 
Redistricting;  Rules,  Calendar,  and  Operations  of  the  House. 


481 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


J.  Russell  Capps 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Fiftieth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
WaJie  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Raleigh,  Wake  County,  on  February 
26,  1931,  to  Jasper  D.  "Jack"  and  Flora 
Starling  Capps. 

EducatkmalBachgrounjd 

Hugh  Morson  High  School,  Raleigh,  1949; 
Radio/Television  Institute  of  Chicago,  1950; 
B.S.  m  Sociology,  Wake  Forest  Uruversity, 
1955;  Southeastern  Baptist  Theological 
Seminary,  1957;  City/County  Government 
Administration,  Institute  ol  Government, 
1969. 

ProfessionalBacJiground 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Business/F^fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

Wake  County  Taxpayers  Association  (President,  1992-Present);  Former  Volunteer 
and  Chief  Fireman,  Wake  New  Hope  Volunteer  Fire  Department;  President,  Wake 
County  Firemen's  Association.  i 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Trustee,  Radio/Television  Commission;  Southern  Baptist  Convention  (eight  years);  j 
Board  ol  Visitors,  Southeastern  Baptist  Theological  Seminary.  j 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  Gayle  McLaurm  Capps  of  Fuquay-Varina.  Two  children.  Member,  Mid-  1 
Way  Baptist  Church,  Raleigh. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Local  Government  II;  Member,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources; 
Finance;  Judiciary  I  and  State  Government. 


482 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Becky  Carney 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg 
County 

One  Hundred-Second  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Roxboro,  Person  County,  on 
December  25,  1944,  to  James  M.  Coley  and 
Mona  Bohanon  Coley. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Needham  B.  Broughton  High  School,  1963. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Homemaker/Public  Servant. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2002-Present;  Mecklenburg  Board  of 
County  Commissioners,  1996-2002. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Charlotte  Mecklenburg  Education  Foundation  (Education  Advocate);  Leadership 
Charlotte  Board;  The  Women's  Forum  of  North  Carolina. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

National  Association  of  Counties  (NACO);  Education  Budget  Advisory  Commission 
(founding  members);  Council  for  Children  Advisory  Board. 

Honors  andAwards 

County  Commissioner  of  the  Year  (N.C),  2000;  Legislator  of  the  Year,  The  ARC  of 
Mecklenburg  County,  2003;  Women  of  Achievement  Award,  General  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs  of  N.C,  2004. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married,  Gene  J.  Carney.  Six  children.  Five  grandchildren.  Member,  St.  Peter's 
Episcopal. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Local  Government  1;  Member,  Children,  Youth  and  Familities;  Education; 
Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education; 
Environment  and  Natural  Resources  and  Finance. 


483 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Walter  Greene  Church,  Sr. 

Democrat,  Burke  County 

Eighty-Sixth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Burke  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Caldwell  County,  on  June  30,  1927, 
to  Anderson  M.  Church  and  Rosa  Triplett 
Church. 

EducationalBackground 

Francis  Garrou  High,  1944-45;  Amherst 
College,  1945-46;  Banking  and  Finance, 
University  oi  Wisconsin,  1962-64. 

Prr)fessionalBacfzgix)und 

Semi-retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1992-Present. 

Busijtess/Pixjfessiojial,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Burke  County  Industrial  Pollution  Control  Authority,  Chair,  United  Fund. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixls  and  Commissions 

Board  ot  Directors,  Valdese  Community  Center;  Member,  Burke  County  Board  of 
Elections;  Former  Member,  S  &  L  Commission,  1977-85  (Chair,  1984-85). 

Military  Service 

Sgt.  1st  Class,  8167''^  AW,  U.S.  Army  1952-55,  Far  East  Command. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Army  Commendation  Ribbon. 

Personallnforination 

Married,  Verta  Burns  Church.  Two  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member, 
Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Financial  Institutions;  Vice-Chair,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources; ' 
Member,  Appropriations;  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Health  and  Human  , 
Services;  Legislative  Redistricting  and  Rules,  Calendar,  and  Operations  of  the  House. 


484 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


Debbie  A.  Clary 

Republican,  Clexeland 
County 

One  Hundred-Tenth  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Cleveland  and 
Gaston  counties 


Early  Years 

Born  in  Shelby,  on  August  29,  1959,  to 
Steven  B.  (deceased)  and  Ann  Clary. 

EducationalBackground 

Blacksburg  High  School,  Blacksburg,  S.C, 
1977;  Business  Administration,  Gardner 
Webb  University  1977-80. 

ProfessionalBackground 

President,  Millennium  Marketing  Group. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Business^Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Gaston  County  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Shelby  Lions  Club;  Co-Chair,  N.C.  Study 
Commission  of  Agmg;  Medical  Malpratice  Reform  Study  Commission. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

:  Life  Enrichment  Center;  Board  of  Directors,  Adventure  House;  Advisory  Board, 
■  Gardner- Webb  University. 

Honors  and  Awards 

'  Law  Enforcement  Legislator  of  the  Year;  Home  Care  Hero  Award;  Luther  "Nick" 
I  Jeralds  Award;  Dorothea  Dix  Award;  Graduated  Drivers  License  State  Award. 

I  Personal  Information 

Member,  Rock  Springs  Baptist  Church. 

I  Committee  Assignments 

\  Chair,  Appropriations;  Member,  Financial  Institutions,  Health,  Judiciary  I  and 
.  Legislative  Redistricting. 


485 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


LoreneThomason  Coates 

Democrat,  Rowan  County 

Seventy-Seventh  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Rowan  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Rowan  County,  to  Junious  Lamont 
and  Maiy  Belle  Hoffman  Thomason. 

EducationalBackground 

Woodleaf  High  School,  Woodleaf,   1954; 
Rowan-Cabarrus  Community  College. 

Prx)fessionalBacfigrvund 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2001 -Present. 

Business/Pt^fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Rowan  Helping  Ministries;  Altrusa  Club  of  Salisbury. 

Elective  andJ^pointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Child  Fatality  Task  Force;  N.C.  Public  Health  Commission. 

Honors  andAivatxls 

Outstanding  Performance  Award,  USDA-ASCS-Service  in  the  Southeast;  Presidents 
Award,  Helping  Ministries  Award. 

Per^sonal  Information 

Married,  Floyd  E.  Coates.  Two  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member,  Bethel 
Lutheran  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Transportation;  Member,  Agriculture,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcommittee  on  Transportation,  Military,  Veterans  and  Indian  Affairs  and  Public 
Utilities. 


486 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Edward  Nelson  Cole 

Democrat,  Rockingham 
County 

Sixty-Fifth  Representative  District: 
Caswell  and  Portions  of  Rockingham 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg  County,  on 
March  29,  1937,  to  Marvin  Reid  Cole  and 
Hazeline  Cathey  Cole. 

EducationalBackground 

North  Mecklenburg  High  School, 
Huntersville,  1955;  B.S.  in  Business 
Administration,  University  of  South 
Carolina,  1962. 

ProfessionalBachground 

Retired  Auto  Dealer. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1992-94  and  1996-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civieor  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C,  Automobile  Dealers  Association;  National  Automobile  Dealers  Association; 
Past  President,  Reidsville  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Former  Member,  Board  of  Directors,  United  Way. 

Honors  andAwards 

2000  Legislator  of  the  Year  Award,  N.C.  Public  Transportation  Association. 

Personallnjbrmation 

Married,  Libby  Lewter  Cole.  Three  children.  Tvv'o  grandchildren.  Member,  First 
Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Transportation;  Vice-Chair,  Appropriations; 
Member,  Commerce,  Finance;  Financial  Institutions;  Occupational  Safety  and  Health 
and  Transportation. 


487 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

James  W.Crawford,  Jr. 

Democrat,  Granville  County 

TJiirty-Second  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Durham,  Granville  and  Vance 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Durham,  Durham  County,  on 
October  4,  1937,  to  James  Walker  and  Julia 
Brent  Hicks  Crawford. 

EducationalBackground 

Oxford  High  School,  Oxford,  1956;  B.S. 
in  Industrial  Relations,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1960. 

ProfessionalBacIzground 

Businessman  and  Developer;  Partner, 
Crawford  Properties. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1983-92  and  1995-Present;  Oxford  City 
Council. 

Business/Pixifessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Mental  Health  Association;  Education  and  Transportation  Committees,  N.C. 
Citizens  for  Business  &  Industn,';  N.C.  Retail  Merchants  Association. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Vance-Granville  Community  College  Foundation;  Chair,  Oxford  Zoning  Board  of 
Adjustment;  Granville  Medical  Center  Foundation. 

Military  Service 

Lieutenant  (j.g.),  Operations  Officer,  U.S.  Navy  1960-62. 

Honors  andAwards 

Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Nurses  Association,  2003;  Contribution  to  Transportation 
Award,  N.C.  Section  of  Institute  of  Transportation  Engineers  (NCSITE),  2003; 
Outstanding  Legislator,  N.C.  Public  Transportation  Association,  2000. 

Per^sonalln/brmation 

Married,  Harriet  Coltrane  Cannon  Crawford.  Three  children.  Seven  grandchildren. 
Member,  Oxford  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations;  Member,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Retorm; 
Legislative  Redistricting;  Rules,  Calendar,  and  Operations  of  the  House  and 
Transportation. 


488 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


Billy  James  Creech 

Republican,  Johnston  County 

Twenty-Sixth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Johnston  and  Wayne  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Smithfield,  Johnston  County,  on 
March  25,  1943,  to  Worley  Nevelle  and 
Geraldine  Godwin  Creech. 

EducationalBackground 

Wilsons  Mills  High  School,  1962;  Mount 
Olive  College. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Owner  and  Operator,  Specialty  Lumber 
Company. 

PoliticalActwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1989-2003. 

Business'Professional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Cornrnunity  Service  Organizations 

Southeastern  Lumberman's  Manufacturing  Association;  Member,  Ducks  Unlimited; 
Member,  Keep  Johnston  County  Beautiful,  Inc. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Community  Resource  Council,  Johnston  County  Prison  Unit;  Farmers  Home 
Administration  (Chairman,  1985-86);  Advisory  Board,  Bank  of  Pme  Level. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army  Reserve. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married,  Donna  Arrants  Creech.  Member,  Christian  Church  (Disciples  of  Christ), 
Wilsons  Mills. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Aging;  Agriculture;  Finance;  Science  and  Technology  and  Wildlife 
Resources. 


489 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Arlie  Franklin  Gulp 

Republican,  Randolph  County 

Sixty-Seventh  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Randolph  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Badm,  Sianly  County,  on  April  9, 
1926, 10  Arlie  Franklin  and  Mary  Eula  Smidi 
Gulp,  Sr. 

EdiicationalBacI?grr)imd 

Badm  Public  Schools,  1942;  A.B.  m 
Chemistry  Catawba  College,  1950;  B.S.  m 
Plant  Science,  A&T  State  University,  1976. 

ProfessionalBaclzground 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1989-Present. 

Business/Prnfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Conununity  Service  Ot^anizatiotis 

Randolph  Rotary  Club  (President,  1964-65);  Co-Chair,  Randolph  County  Mayors 
Committee  tor  Disabled  Persons;  Randoplh  Livestock  and  Poultry  Improvement 
Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boatxis  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Directors,  Yadkin  Pee  Dee  Project;  Advisory  Board,  Randolph  County  ; 
Cooperative  Extension.  j 

Military  Service  j 

Seaman  1st  Class,  U.S.  Na\'al  Air  Force,  1944-46,  U.S.  Na\y;  Good  Conduct  Medal.  < 

Honors  andAwarxls 

Distinguished  Service  Award,  Asheboro  Jaycees,  1959;  1998  Outstanding  Citizen 
Award  and  C.  Odell  Tyndall  Award,  N.C.  Rehabilitation  Association. 

Per^sonalln/bnnation 

Married,  Daisy  Mae  Farlov/  Gulp  (deceased).  One  child  (deceased).  Member,  Jordan 
Memorial  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Aging;  Agriculture;  Appropriations;  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on 
Natural  and  Economic  Resources;  State  Government  and  Ways  and  Means. 


490 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


William  T.  Culpepper, 

Democrat,  Chowan  County 

Second  Representative  District:  Chowan, 
Dare,  Perquimans,  Tyrrell  and  Portions  of 
Gates  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Elizabeth  City,  Pasquotank  County, 
on  January  23,  1947,  to  William  T.,  Jr.  and 
Shirley  Perry  Culpepper. 

EducationalBackground 

Elizabeth  City  High  School,  1964;  B.S.  m 
History  and  Economics,  Hampden-Sydney 
College,  1968;  J.D.,  Wake  Forest 
University,  1973. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Lawyer;  County  Attorney,  Chowan  County,  1979-Present. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Edenton  Rotary  Club  (President  1986-87);  Edenton  Historical  Commission. 

Personalln/brmation 

Two  children.  Member,  St.  Pauls  Episcopal  Church,  Edenton, 

Committee  Assignments 

Ex  officio  member  of  all  committees  except  Congressional  Redistricting  and 
I  Legislative  Redistrictmg;  Chair,  Rules,  Calendar,  and  Operations  of  the  House; 
I  Member,  Legislative  Redistricting  and  Public  Utilities. 


491 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

William''Pete"Cunningham 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg 
County 

One  Hundred  Seventh  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Monroe,  Union  Couniv,  on 
November  7. 

EducationalBackground 

Winchester  Avenue  High  School;  A.E. 
Certificate,  Coyne  Electronic  Institute, 
1950;  Johnson  C,  Smith  University,  1950- 
52;  Business  Law,  Florida  Extension, 
Charleston  A.EB. 

ProfessionalBacfiground 

CEO,  HKL,  Inc,  President  and  Co-Owner,  Hatchett  and  Cunningham  Associates, 
1973-84. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1987-Present;  Minority  Whip,  N.C.  House, 
1995-96;  Vice-Chair,  1994-1995;  N.C.  Legislative  Black  Caucus,  1999-Present; 
Assistant  to  the  Speaker,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives;  Ex-ofiicio  member  to  all 
committees. 

Business/Prx)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Setuice  Organizations 

Life  Member,  NAACP;  NAACP  Legal  Defense  Eund;  VEW 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Anita  Stroud  Foundation,  1982-Present  (Chair,  1989-Present);  Board  of  Directors, 
Charlotte  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1980-82;  Member,  NCCJ,  1992-Present. 

Military 

Radioman  1st  Class,  U.S.  Naxy,  Retired,  1972;  Good  Conduct  Medal,  ETO  (American 
Defense),  Outstanding  Awards,  Leadership  Certificates. 

Per^sonallnformation 

Member,  Parkwood  CME  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Ethics;  Vice-Chair,  Legislative  Redistnctmg. 


492 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


William  Gray  Daughtridge, 
Jr. 

Republican,  Nash  County 

Twenty-Fifth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Nash  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Rocky  Mount,  Nash  County,  on 
December  19,  1952,  to  William  Gray,  Sr. 
and  Carol  P.  Wiggins  Daughtridge. 

EducationalBackground 

Rocky  Mount  Senior  High  School,  1971; 
B.S.B.A.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1975;  MBA, 
UNC-  Chapel  Hill,  1977. 

ProfessionalBackground 

President,  Daughtridge  Gas  Company. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2002-Present. 

Business/F^fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Boy  Scouts  of  America,  President,  Area  7,  Southern  Region;  Wachovia  Bank,  Board 
of  Directors;  N.C.  Petroleum  Marketers  Association. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Board  of  Travel  and  Tourism;  Joint  Select  Committee  on  Economic  Growth 
and  Development;  Joint  Select  Committee  on  Small  Business  Economic 

I  Development. 

Military  Service 

North  Carolina  National  Guard,  1972-78. 

'  Honors  and  Awards 

Nominated  for  Entrepreneur  of  the  Year,  2003;  Received  numerous  petroleum  and 

II  convenience  store  industry  awards;  Highly  decorated  Boy  Scout,  Eagle  Scout,  Silver 
Beaver  Award. 

I 

'  Personal  Information 

Married  Partha  Council  Daughtridge.  Two  children.  Member,  Eirst  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Rocky  Mount. 

!  Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Transportation  and  Einance;  Member,  Agriculture,  Commerce,  Education, 
Education  Subcommitte  on  Universities,  Election  Law  &  Campaign  Einance  Reform. 


493 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Namon  Leo  Daughtry 

Republican,  Johnston  County 

Twenty -Eighth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Johnston  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Newlon  Grove,  Sampson  County, 
on  December  3,  1940,  to  Namon  Lutrell  and 
Annie  Catholeen  Thornton  Daughtry. 

EducatiotialBackgrx)imd 

Hobbton  High  School,  1958;  B.A.,  Wake 
Forest  University,  1962;  L.L.B.,  Wake  Forest 
University  School  ot  Law,  1965. 

PwfessionalBacfzgrx)und 

Attorney  and  Partner,  Daughtry,  Woodard, 
Lavv'rence  &  Starling.  Owner  of  several  small 
businesses. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present  (Majority  Leader,  N.C.  House, 
1995-1998;  Minority  Leader,  N.C.  House,  1999-Present);  Member,  N.C.  Senate, 
1989-92;  Delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention,  1976-1996. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  SeiTiice  Organizations 

Smithfield  Tobacco  Board  of  Trade;  Member,  North  Carolina  and  Johnson  County 
Bar  Associations;  Past  Board  Member,  Florence  Cnttenton  Services. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Trustees,  Meredith  College;  Past  Board  Member,  Board  o^  Directors,  World 
Trade  Center. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Guardian  of  Small  Business  Award,  Naitonal  Federation  of  Indpendent  Business, 
1998;  Republican  Leader  of  the  Year,  National  Republican  Legislators  Association, 
1998;  Boy  Scout  Man  of  the  Year,  1996. 

Military  Service 

Captain,  U.S.  Air  Force,  Europe,  1966-70. 

Personal  In fi)nnation 

Married,  Helen  Finch  Daughtry.  Two  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  St. 
Pauls  Episcopal  Church,  Smithfield. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture;  Appropriations;  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  General 
Government;  Elections  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform;  Judiciaiy  1;  Occupational 
Safety  and  Health. 

494 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Michael  Paul  Decker,  Sr. 

Democrat,  Forsyth  County 

Ninety-Fourth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Forsyth  County 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Red  Bud,  Illinois,  on  December  18, 
1944,  to  Harvey  and  Maxine  Parvin  Decker. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Central  High  School,  Cape  Girardeau, 
Missouri,  1962;  Bachelor  of  Religious 
Education,  Piedmont  Bible  College,  1974; 
B.S.  in  Education,  Winston-Salem  State 
University,  1976. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Teacher. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1985-Present. 

Business^Professionaly  ChaHtahle/Cwic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Little  League  Baseball  (Board  of  Directors,  1981-84,  Secretary,  1982-83,  Coach, 
1979-81);  Arthritis  Foundation  of  Winston-Salem;  Arthritis  Eoundation  of  North 
Carolina. 

Military  Service 

E-5,  Submarine  Service,  U.S.  Na\y,  1962-68;  National  Defense,  Good  Conduct 
Medals. 

Honors  andAwards 

1998  Friend  of  the  Family;  1997  Pro-Life  Legislator  of  the  Year;  1992  Friend  of  the 
Taxpayer. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Marlene  Allen  Decker.  Three  children.  One  grandchild.  Member,  Gospel 
Light  Baptist  Church,  Walkertown. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Ways  and  Means;  Vice-Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Commerce,  Legislative 
Redistnctmg,  Local  Government  II. 


495 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Margaret  Highsmith 
Dickson 

Democrat,  Cumberland 
County 

Forty-First  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Cumberland  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Fayetteville,  Cumberland  County, 
on  September  21,  1949,  to  Seavy,  Jr.  and 
Ann  Dawson  Highsmith. 

EducationalBacfzgwund 

Saint  Marys  School,  Raleigh,  1967;  B.A. 
English,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1971;  graduate 
studies  in  communications,  UNC-Chapel 
Hill. 

F*ix)fessiotialBacl2grvwid  i 

Retired  Broadcaster,  Cape  Fear  Broadcasting  Company. 

PoliticalActivities  I 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2002-Present. 

i 
Business/Piryfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Cojninunity  Seiuice  Organizations     \ 

Board  ol  Directors,  Fayetteville  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Board  ot  Visitors,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill;  Vice-Chair,  Fayetteville  State  University  Foundation.  i 

Honors  andAivatxIs 

First  Place  Editorial  Writing,  Associated  Press,  2001.  \ 

Pei^sonalln/bnnation 

Married,  John  W  Dickson.  Three  children.  Member,  St.  Johns  Episcopal  Church. 

Conunittee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Occupational  Safety  and  Health;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcommittee  on  Transportation,  Commerce,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  ■ 
on  Universities. 


496 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Jerry  Charles  Dockham 

Republican,  Da\idson  County 

Eightieth  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Davidson  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Denton,  Davidson  County,  on 
March  22,  1950,  to  Elwood  Charles  and 
Opal  M.  Coggin  Dockham. 

EducationalBackground 

Denton  High  School,  1968;  B.S.  in  Business, 
Wake  Forest  University,  1972. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

Insurance  and  Investments. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1990-Present;  Former  Chair,  Davidson 
County  Republican  Party;  Fellow,  North  Carolina  Institute  of  Political  Leadership. 

Business^Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Communiiy  Service  Organizations 

Fellow,  Life  Underwriting  Training  Council;  Denton  Lions  Club  U 5-year  member); 
Thomasville  Area  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Trustee  of  Davidson  County  Community  College,  1987-Present;  Member,  Board 
of  Directors  of  Central  Carolina  Bank  &  Trust  Co. 

Honors  andAwards 

1999  Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  College  of  Emergency  Physicians;  1998  Legislator 
of  the  Year,  N.C.  Association  of  Anesthesiologists;  Myers-Honeycutt  Award  for 
Excellence  in  Public  Service. 

Personalln/brmation 

i  Married,  Louise  Skeen  Dockham.  Two  children.  Member,  Central  United  Methodist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

!  Chair,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary 
j  Education;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education; 
Children,  Youth  and  Families,  Commerce,  Education,  State  Government. 


497 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Rick  Louis  Eddins 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Fortieth  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Wake  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Raleigh,  Wake  County,  on  July  20, 
1953,  10  Herbert  L.  and  Flonnie  Young 
Eddins. 

EducationalBacfiground 

Vaiden  Whitley  High  School,  1971; 
Computer  Programing,  ECPI,  1972. 

PtnfessionalBackground 

Business  Owner,  Rolesville  Furniture. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Business/Prr)fessional,  Chatitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Past  President,  Rolesville  Area  Chamber  of  Commerce;  N.C.  Victims  Assistance 
Network;  American  Legislative  Exchange  Council. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Founding  Board  Member,  Franklin  Academy  Charter  School. 

Military  Service 

Army  National  Guard. 

Honors  and  Awards 

North  Caroliana  Victims  Assistance  Network-Political  Action  Award,  1997  and 
2002. 

Per^sonalln/bnnation 

Married  to  Sharon  Long  Eddins.  Two  children.  Member,  North  Raleigh  United 
Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Legislative  Resdistncting;  Ex-ofhcio  all  committees. 


498 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


J.  Sam  Ellis 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Thirty-Ninth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Durham,  Durham  County,  on  April 
30,  1955,  to  Sam  L.  and  Betty  Hickman 
Elhs. 

Education 

Sanford  Central  High  School,  Sanford, 
1974. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Electrical  Contractor,  7-Electric. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  Cmdy  A.  Harrell  Ellis.  Three  children.  Christian. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture,  Children,  Youth  and  FamiUes,  Einance,  Judicuary  11,  Science 
and  Technology. 


499 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Bobby  F.England 

Democrat,  Rutherford  County 

One  Hwidred-Tivelth  Representative 
District:  Rutherford  and  portions  of 
Cleveland  counties. 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Spindale,  Riuherford  County,  on 
May  13,  1932,  to  William  Claude  and  Birdie 
Dal  ton  England. 

EducatkmalBackgtxmnd 

R-S  Central  High,  1950;  B.S.  Biology/ 
Chemistry,  Wofford  College,  1958;  MD, 
Medical  University  of  South  Carolina,  1962. 

Pix>fessionalBackgtx>und 

Family  Physician,  England-Godfrey  Family 
Practice. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Rutherford  Count)'  Board 
of  Education,  1974-1994. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixls  and  Commissions 

Isothermal  College  Board  of  Trustees;  Rutherford-Polk-McDowell  Board  oi  Health; 
N.C.  Institute  of  Medicine. 

Militaiy  Seri^ice 

Stafr  Sgt.,  United  States  Air  Force,  1951-1955. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Kiawanis  County  Citizen  of  the  Year,  2002;  Rotary  County  Citizen  of  the  Year, 
2002;  Football  Press  Box,  East  High  School,  Named  m  Honor,  2002. 

Pei^sonallnfbrmation 

Married,  Carolyn  Lindsay  England.  Three  children.  One  grandchild.  Member,  First 
Baptist  Church,  Forest  City. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Health;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on 
Health  and  Human  Senices,  Commerce,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on 
Community  Colleges,  State  Government. 


500 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Jean  Farmer-Butterfield 

Democrat,  Wilson  County 

Twenty-Fourth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Edgecombe  and  Wilson  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Wilson,  Wilson  County,  on  October 
21,  to  Floyd  and  Odell  Sharp  Farmer. 

Education 

Speight  High  School,  1966;  B.S.  Sociology, 
1970;  M.S.  Guidance  &  Counseling,  N.C. 
Central  University,  1972/73. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Director  of  Guardianship,  The  Arc  of  North 
Carolina. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Served  on  the  State  Executive 
Committee  of  the  Democratic  Party. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Delta  Sigma  Theta  Sorority,  Wilson  Alumnae  Chapter;  The  Lmks  Incorporated, 
Wilson-Rocky  Mount-Tarboro  Chapter;  The  Arc  of  Wison  County 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

State  Executive  Committee,  N.C.  Democratic  Party;  Legislative  Research  Commission 
on  Guardianship  during  Speaker  of  the  House  Daniel  Blues  Administration. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Outstanding/Distinguished  Service  Leadership  Award,  The  Links,   1990; 
Outstanding/Distinguished  Legislator's  Award,  TASH,  2003;  North  Carolina 
Guardianship  Presidential  and  Founders  Award,  2000;  Jackson  Chapel  Chruch, 
j  Pastors  Medal  of  Appreciation,  1998. 

Personal  In fDrmation 

j  Two  children.    Member,  Jackson  Chapel  Baptist  Church,  Wilson. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Health  and  Human  Services;  Member, 
Aging,  Appropriations,  Commerce,  Judiciary  II,  Local  Government  II. 


501 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Susan  C.Fisher 

Democrat,  Buncombe  County 

Appointed  February  25, 2004 

One  Hundred-Fourteenth  Representative  District: 
Portions  ofBuncom he  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Morganlon,  Burke  County,  on  July  3,  1955 
to  Alan  and  Penelope  Reese  Carscaddon. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Asheville  High  School,  1973;  Mars  Hill  College, 
1975;  B.A.  Audiology/Speech  Pathology  1982. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2004-Present;  Staff  member  to  the  late 
Representative  James  McClure  Clarke,  Washington,  D.C. 

Business/Pix)fessionaU  CJiatitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

President,  Asheville-Buncombe  League  of  Women  Voters;  Member,  Early  Headstart 
Advisory  Board;  BRAVO  (community  concerts)  Board  ot  Directors. 

Elective  andAppointedBoarris  and  Commissions 

Former  Member/Chair  of  Asheville  City  Board  of  Education;  Member,  Asheville  ! 
Regional  Airport  Authority 

Honors  andAwards 

Graduate  oi  Leadership  Asheville;  Nominee,  Women  of  the  Year,  Asheville-Buncombe 
Community  Relations  Council;  Women  to  Match  Our  Mountains  Award,  WNC 
Women's  Coalition. 

Peirsonallnfbrmation 

Married,  John  B.  Fisher,  Jr.  Two  children.  Member,  St.  Johns  Episcopal  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety 
Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Pre-School,  Elcmentarv  and  Secondary 
Education,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform,  Judiciary  1  and  Ways  and 
Means. 


502 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Stanley  Harold  Fox 

Democrat,  Granville  County 

Twenty-Seventh  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Granville,  Vance  and  Warren 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Oxford,  Granville  County,  on 
January  7,  1929,  to  Samuel  H.  and  Minerva 
Berkowitz  Fox. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Oxford  High  School,  1945;  Davidson 
College,  1945;  B.S.  m  Commerce,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1949. 

ProfessionalBackground 

President;  Fox  &  Associates;  Telfor  Radio 

Network;  President,  L  &  W  Advertising;  F-H-Y  Properties. 

PoUtiealActwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present;  Oxford  City  Council,  five 
years;  Mayor  Pro-Tern  of  Oxford,  two  years. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

President,  Granville  County  Chamber  of  Commerce;  President,  N.C.  Merchants 
Association;  President,  Oxford  Jaycees. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Member,  Executive  Board,  Southern  Regional  Education  Board,  1995-97. 

Honors  andAwards 

Distinguished  Service  Award,  Junior  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Outstanding  Jaycee 
State  Chairman  Award;  Kiwanis  Citizenship  Award. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  JoAnn  Kousnetz  Fox.  Seven  children.  Member,  Beth  Meyer  Synagogue. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources;  Vice- 
Chair,  Appropriations  and  Wildhfe  Resources;  Member,  Agriculture,  Education, 
Education  Subcomittee  on  Universities,  Judiciary  III. 


503 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Phillip  D.Frye 

Republican,  Mitchell  County 

Eighty-Fourth  Representative  District:  Avery, 
Mitchell  and  Portions  ofCalchvell  conn  ties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Spruce  Pine,  Mitcliell  County,  on 
August  14,  1943,  to  Iss  and  Alice  Turbyfill 
Fr)^e. 

EducatiotialBacf^vund 

Harris  High  School,  1961;  Accounting, 
Blanton'  Business  College,  1963. 

Pix)fessionalBacfigir)Ufid 

Small  Business  Owner,  Frye  Auto  Interiors. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Mayor,  Town  of  Spruce 
Pme,  1993-2002;  Board  Member,  Town  of  Spruce  Pme,  1973-1992. 

Business/F^xtfessionaU  Cliaiitable/Civic  or  Coimnunity  Service  Organizations 

Spruce  Pme  Kiwanis  Club;  Past  Chair  and  Board  Member,  Foundation  for  Mitchell 
County. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Comtnissions 

Past  Chair  and  Board  Member,  N.C.  Joint  Regional  Forum,  1981-2002;  Past  Board 
Member  (1988-1990)  and  Member,  N.C.  Legaue  of  Muncipalities. 

Honors  and  Aivarrls  | 

N.C.  Intergovernmental  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  County  Commissioners, -N.C.  j 
League  of  Muncipalities  Joint  Forum,  1998;  Outstanding  Local  Elected  Official,  | 
Region  D  Council  of  Governments,  1998;  Outstanding  Executive  Board  Member,  | 
Region  D  Council  of  Governments,  1995.  ! 

Pei^sonalln/brination  \ 

Married  to  June  Rathbone  Frye.  One  child.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  First  j 
Baptist  Church,  Spruce  Pme. 

Committee  Assignments  ! 

Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety;  Member, 
Appropriations,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Community  Colleges, 
Commerce,  Local  Government  11,  Transportation. 


504 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Pryor  Allan  Gibson, 

Democrat,  Anson  County 

Sixty-Ninth  Representative  District:  Anson, 
Montgomery  and  Portions  of  Union 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Wmston-Salem,  Forsyth  County,  on 
October  12,  1957  to  Pryor  and  Mary  Pharr 
Gibson. 

EducationalBackground 

Bowman  High  School,  Wadesboro,  1975; 
Biology  and  Chemistry,  UNC-Wilmington, 
1978;  Engineering,  UNC-Charlotte; 
Management,  N.C.  State  University 

ProfessionaJBackground 

Business. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1989-91  and  1999-Present. 

Business^^fessional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Cornrnunity  Service  Organizations 

Lions  Club;  Rotary  Club;  NC  FREE. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

;  Chair,  Environmental  Review  Commission;  Chair,  ABC;  Chair,  Administrative 
'  Procedures. 

Honors  and  Awards 

'  Outstanding  Educators  Legislators  Award;  Martin  Luther  King  Citizens  Award;  Soil 
j  &  Water  Conservation  Award;  Guardian  of  Small  Business  Award. 

I  Personal  Information 

Married  to  Barbara  Barger  Gibson.  Two  children.  Presbyterian. 

I  Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources;  Vice-Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Public 
Utilities,  AlcohoUc  Beverage  Control,  Legislative  Redistricting. 


505 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Robert  Mitchell  Gillespie 

Republican,  McDowell  County 

Eighty-Fifth  Representative  District: 
McDowell  and  Portions  of  Burke  and 
Caldwell  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Marion,  McDowell  County,  on 
August  19,  1959,  to  Billy  and  Helen  Lotus 
Gillespie. 

EducaiionalBackground 

McDowell  High  School,  Marion,  1977; 
A.A.S.  in  Civil  Engineering,  Wake  Technical 
Cominunitv  College,  1980. 

Prx)fessionalBac1zgrx)und 

Owner,  Gillespie  Properties. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1999-Present. 

Business/Pix)fessionaU  Chaiitable/Civic  or  Community  Seruice  Organizations 

McDowell  County  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Elective  andAppointedBoatxis  and  Commissions 

McDowell  Technical  College  Trustee;  McDowell  Economic  Development  Authority. 

Honors  andAwartls 

Selected  for  Spring,  1988,  Class  of  Fellows  oi  the  N.C.  Institute  of  Political 
Leadership. 

Personal  In/bnnation 

Married,  Barbara  Nell  Hollifield  Gillespie.  One  child.  Member,  Pleasant  Gardens 
Baptist  Church. 

Cotnmittee  Assignments 

Chair,  xAppropriations  Subcommittee  on  Transportation,  Member,  Aging, 
Appropriations,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Local  Go\'ernment  I,  Ways 
and  Means. 


506 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Rick  Glazier 

Democrat,  Cumberland 
County 

Forty-Fifth  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Cumberland  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Allentown,  PA,  on  June  16,  1955 
to  Stanley  and  Margaret  Acker  Glazier. 

EducationalBackground 

William  Allen  High  School,  Allentown,  PA, 
1973;  B.A.  Foreign  Policy,  Penn  State,  1977; 
J.D.  Wake  Forest  University  1981. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney  Hardison  and  Leone,  LLP 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Cumberland  County  Board 
of  Education,  1996-2002,  Chair  1997-1999. 

Business/Professional,  ChuritabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Fayetteville  Urban  Ministry  Board  of  Directors,  1996-Present;  Child  Advocacy  Center 
Board  of  Directors,  2001-Present;  Women's  Center  of  Fayette\ille  Board  of  Directors, 
1992-1994. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  N.C.  House  Freshman  Democratic  Caucus,  2003-2004;  Member,  UNC  Center 
for  Public  Television  Board  of  Directors,  1996-2002;  N.C.  Legislative  Juvenile  Code 
Revision  Commission,  1993-1995. 

Honors  and  Awards 

2003  N.C.  Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  School  Counselors  Association;  National 
Flemmmg  Fellow,  Center  for  Pohcy  Alternatives;  Graduate  of  Leadership  North 
Carolina,  Class  of  2004. 

Personallnjbrmatkm 

Married,  Lise  Ortenberg  Glazier,  Two  children.  Member,  Beth  Israel  Synagogue. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Judiciary  IV;  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre- 
School,  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education,  Finance,  Financial  Institutions  and 
Health. 


507 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Daniel  Bruce  Goforth 

Democrat,  Buncombe  County 

One  Hundred-Fifthteenth  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Buncombe  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Ashevillc,  Buncombe  County,  on 
March  29,  1942,  to  Frank  Harrison  and 
Paralee  Morrow  Goforth. 

EducationalBacl^groimd 

Reynolds  High  School,  Asheville,  1960; 
Gardner- Webb  University. 

Prr)fessionalBacIign)und 

President,  Goforth  Builders,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Business/F^fessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizatiojis 

President,  Home  Builder  Association  of  Greater  Asheville,  2002;  Member,  Greater  ' 
Asheville  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Reynolds  Volunteer  Fire  Department  Board.         i 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Buncombe  City  Board  of  Education,  1990-1998;  N.C.  Rural  Economic  Development 
Center  Board,  2004. 

Honors  and  Awards 

I 

Builder  of  the  Year,  Home  Builders  Association  of  Greater  Ashe\'ille,  2002;  Lion  of ' 
the  Year,  Reynolds  Lions  Club,  1983-1984;  Liston  B.  Ramsey  Award,  2002. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Joyce  Ingle  Goforth.  Two  children.  Five  grandchildren.  Member,  Trinity 
Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Preschool,  Elementary  and  Secondary 
Education;  Member,  Appropriations,  Education,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on 
Education,  Commerce,  ludiciarv  IV,  State  Government. 


508 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


George  Wayne  Goodwin 

Democrat,  Richmond  County 

Sixty-Eighth  Representative  District:  Rich- 
mond and  Portions  of  Stanly  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Hamlet,  Richmond  County,  on 
February  22,  1967,  to  George  Craig  and 
Diane  Riggan  Goodwin. 

EducationalBackground 

Richmond  Senior  High  School, 
Valedictorian,  Rockingham,  1985;  B.A.  with 
Honors  in  Pohtical  Science,  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1989;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School 
of  Law,  1992. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney,  Goodwin  Law  Offices,  RA.;  Owner  and  Officer,  Cotton  Exchange 
Investment  Group,  Inc.;  Adjunct  Community  College  Professor. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Agribusiness  Council;  Rockingham  Kiwanis  Club;  N.C.  Citizens  for  Business 
and  Industiy  CNCCBl). 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Joint  Legislative  Study  Commission  on  Mental  Health,  Developmental  Disabilities 
and  Substance  Abuse;  Joint  Legislative  Study  Committee  on  Low-Level  Radioactive 
Waste;  Ci\il  Litigation  Study  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

John  Motley  Morehead  Scholar,  1985-1989;  N.C.  Jaycees'  Outstanding  Young  North 
Carolinian,  1994;  A+  Legislator  Award,  NCAE,  1997-98;  Leadership  in  Government 
Award,  N.C.  Common  Cause,  2000. 

Personal  In fiyrmation 

Married,  Melanie  Wade  Goodwin.  One  child.  Member,  First  United  Methodist 
Church  of  Rockingham. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Occupational  Safety  and  Health;  Vice-Chair,  Judiciary  II;  Member, 
Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety, 
Education,  Education  Subcommitte  on  Community  Colleges,  Ways  and  Means. 


509 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Michael  A.  Gorman 

Republican,  Craven  County 

Tliird  Representative  District:  Pamlico  and 
Portions  of  Craven  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  on  Jiih'  9. 

ProfessionalBacIzground 

Teacher. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2003-Present. 

ConiTnittee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Education  and  Rules,  Calendar 

and  Operations  of  the  House;  Member, 

Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Education,  Education  Subcomittee 

on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education,  Financial  Institutions,  Military,  i 

Veterans  and  Indian  Affairs. 


510 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


W.Robert  Grady 

Republican,  Onslow  County 

Fifteenth  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Onslow  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Jacksonville,  Onslow  County,  on 
April  30,  1950,  to  William  R.  and  Mmme 
Hurst  Grady. 

EducationalBackground 

Jacksonville  Senior  High;  UNC-Chapel  Hill; 
Campbell  University. 

ProfessionalBachgrourvd 

Businessman. 

Political  Actwiti^ 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1987-Present;  Jacksonville  City  Council, 
1981-87;  Mayor  Pro-Tern,  City  of  Jacksonville,  1983-86. 

Honors  andAwards 

Distmguished  Service  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  Community  College  Trustees, 
1997;  Distinguished  Service  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  Educators,  1996;  PoUtical 
Action  Award,  N.C.  Victim  Assistance  Network,  1993. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations;  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Universities, 
Insurance,  Legislative  Redistricting,  Military  Veterans  and  Indian  Affairs. 


511 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

JimGulley 

Republican,  Mecklenburg 
County 

One  Hundred-Tliird  Representative  Distnet: 
Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg  County,  on 
May  10,  1939,  to  Creighton  Alexander  and 
Mary  Naomi  Reid  Gulley. 

EducationalBacligrxjund 

East  Mecklenburg  High  School,  1957;  A. A.  m 
Electrical  Engineering,  Charlotte  College,  1961. 

Prx)fessionalBcicligrr)und 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-Present;  Commissioner,  Town  of 
Matthews. 

Business/Pix)fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Cointnunity  Seivice  Organizations 

Former  Pop  Warner  Football  Coach  lor  MAR.A.. 

Elective  andAppointedBoarxls  and  Commissions 

Board  oi  Directors,  Matthews  Volunteer  Fire  Department. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Suzanne  Hargett  Gulley.  Two  children.  Four  grandchildren.  Member,  First 
Baptist  Church,  Matthews. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Preschool,  Elementarv  and  Secondary 
Education,  Member,  Agmg,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on 
Transportation,  Education,    Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Judiciary  II. 


512 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


John  D.Hall 

Democrat,  Halifax  County 

Seventh  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Halifax  and  Nash  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Tarboro,  Edgecombe  County,  to 
John  and  Marie  Richardson  Hall. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Scodand  Neck  High  School,  Scotland  Neck, 
1975;  Lenoir  Community  College. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Radio      Station      Owner,      Sky      City 
Communications. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2000-Present;  Halifax  County 
Commissioner,  Scotland  Neck  City  Council. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

NAACP;  National  Association  of  Black-Owned  Broadcasters;  NCAB. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Past  Chair,  Halifax  County  OSS. 

Personalln/brmation 

Member,  Shiloh  Baptist  Church  of  Scodand  Neck. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Alcoholic  Beverage  Control;  Vice-Chair,  Insurance;  Member,  Agmg, 
Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety, 
Occupational  Safety  and  Health. 


513 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


JamesA.Harrell, 

Democrat,  Surry  County 

Ninetieth  Representative  District: 
Alleghany  and  Portions  of  Surry  counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Elkm,  Surry  County,  on  October 
8,  1974,  to  Dr.  Dennis,  Jr.  and  Barbara 
Hudson  Harrell. 

ExiucationalBaefigrrmnd 

Elkm  High  School,  Elkm,  1993; 
Psychology/Sociology,  Hampden-Sydney 
College,  1997;  JD,  Emory  Law  School, 
2002. 


ProfessionalBackgrvund 

Real  Estate  Developer. 

Political  Activities  \ 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2002-Present.  i 

Business^Professional,  ChaiitabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations      \ 

Founder,  Harrell  School  of  Government;  Volunteer,  United  Way. 

Elective  andJ^pointedBoaryis  atid  Cojnmissions  ' 

Board  of  Directors,  Boy  Scouts  of  America;  Board  of  Directors,  SCAN;  Board  of 
Directors,  Harrell  Educational  Foundation. 

Honors  andAwaixls 

N.C.  Recreational  Therapist  Legislator  of  the  Year  Award;  Eagle  Scout.  I 

Comm^ittee  Assignments 

Chair,  Judiciary  11;  Vice-Chair,  Commerce;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  I 
Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources,  Finance,  Local  Government  11, 
Ways  and  Means. 


514 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Dewey  Lewis  Hill 

Democrat,  Columbus  County 

Twentieth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Brunswick  and  Columbus  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  111  WhiteviUe,  Columbus  County,  on 
August  31,  1925,  to  Otto  and  Alatha  Ward 
Hill. 

EducationalBackground 

Whiteville  High  School,  1943. 

PmfessionalBackground 

President  and  CEO,  Hillcrest  Corp. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Food  Dealers  Association;  N.C.  White\ille  Chamber  of  Commerce;  National 
Grocer  Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Director,  Waccamaw  Bank;  President,  Farmers  Market  of  Columbus  County;  Director, 
N.C.  Retail  Merchandise  Association. 

Military  Service 

Storekeeper  H.A.2  1st  class.  Fleet  Marines,  U.S.  Naxy,  1943-46. 

Honors  andAwards 

1996  Grocer  of  the  Year;  1996  Nash  Finch  Century  Club  Award;  1994  Columbus 
County  Child  Care  Award. 

Personallnjbrmation 

Married,  Muriel  Ezzell  Hill.  Two  children.  Five  grandchildren.  Member,  First  Baptist 
Church  of  White\ille. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Agriculture;  Vice-Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Public  Utilities,  Rules,  Calendar, 
and  Operations  of  the  House,  Transportation. 


515 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Mark  Kelly  Hilton 

Republican,  Catawba  County 

Eighty-Eighth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Catawba  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Vaklcse,  Burke  County,  on  April  18, 
1966,  lo  Tony  and  Carolyn  Warren  Hilton. 

EducationalBackground 

St.  Stephens  High  School,  Hickory,  1985. 

ProfessionalBacJiground 

Vice-President  of  Sales,  Tech  5  Corporation. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2000-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Childrens  Sunday  School  Teacher,  Oxford  Baptist  Church;  Hickory  Kiwanis. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxls  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Catawba  County  Young  Republicans. 

Personal  Information 

Meml^er,  Oxford  Baptist  Church  of  Conover. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Education;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on 
Education,  Health,  Science  and  Technology,  Transportation. 


516 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


LHughHolliman 

Democrat,  Davidson  County 

Eighty-First  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Davidson  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Burlington,  Alamance  County,  on  April 
28,  1944,  to  Ivory  Hugh  and  Retha  Lmdsey 
Holliman. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Graham  High  School,  1962;  Business 
Administration,  Elon  University,  1966. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Self-employed.    Speed  Printing. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2001-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Lexmgton  Kiwams  Club;  Communities  in  Schools,  Thomasville,  N.C. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Insurance;  Vice-Chair,  Election  Lavv^  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform;  Member, 
Finance,  Financial  Institutions,  PubUc  Utilities. 


517 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

George  Milton  Holmes 

Republican,  Yadkin  County 

Ninety-Second  Representative  District: 
Yadkin  and  Portions  of  Forsyth  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Ml.  Airy,  Surry  Couni)',  on  June  20, 
1929,  10  John  William  and  Thelma 
Elizabeth  Dobie  Holmes. 

EducationalBacl^round 

Western  High  School,  Washington,  D.C.; 
Appalachian  State  University,  1954. 

Prx)fessionalBac}2grx)und 

President,  Hohnes  and  Associates. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1975-76  and  1979-Present  (Minority  Whip, 
N.C.  House,  1981-82;  Minority  Party  Joint  Caucus  Leader,  1983-84). 

Business/Pixtfessional,  Charitabl&Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

Yadkin  Masonic  Lodge  162,  A.E  &  A.  M.;  Wmston-Salem  Consistory  of  Scottish 
Rite,  32nd  Degree;  Shriner,  Oasis  Temple. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaiyis  and  Commissions 

Governors  Crime  Study  Commission,  1976;  Fire  and  Casuahy  Rate  Study 
Commission,  1976;  Board  of  Directors,  First  Union  National  Bank,  Yadkmville. 

Pei^sonallnformation 

Married,  Barbara  Ann  Ire  kind  Hohnes.  One  chikl.  Three  erandchikiren.  Member, 
Flat  Rock  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Universities;  Member,  Agriculture, 
Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Transportation,  Education, 
Judiciary  111,  Transportation. 


518 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


Julia  Craven  Howard 

Republican,  Davie  County 

Seventy-Ninth  Representative  District: 
Davie  and  Portions  of  Davidson  and  Iredell 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Salisbury,  Rowan  County,  on  August 
20,  1944,  to  Allen  Leary  and  Ruth  Elizabeth 
Snider  Craven. 

EducationalBackground 

Davie  High  School,  Mocksville,  1962;  B.A. 
Sociology,  Salem  College,  2003. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Realtor/Appraiser,  Howard  Realty  & 
Insurance,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1988-Present  (Former  Majority  House 
Whip;  Former  Minority  House  Whip);  Member,  Mocksville  Town  Board,  1981- 
88. 

Business/Professional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Legislative  Exchange  Council;  Southern  Legislative  Executive  Committee; 
N.C.  Association  of  Realtors. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Former  Chair,  Davie  County  Hospital. 

Honors  andAwards 

2002  Citizenship  Award,  Mocksville  Women's  Club;  2001  Paul  Harris  Fellow,  Rotary 
Club. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Two  children.  Six  grandchildren.  Member,  First  United  Methodist  of  Mocksville. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Finance  and  Ethics;  Member,  Legislative  Redistricting,  PubUc  UtiUties,  Rules, 
Calendar  &  Operations  of  the  House. 


519 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Howard  J.  Hunter,  Jr. 

Democrat,  Hertford  County 

Fifth  Representative  District:  Bertie, 
Hertford  and  Northampton  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Washington,  D.C.,  on  December  16, 
1946,  to  Howard  and  Madge  Watford 
Hunter,  Sr. 

EducationalBacfigroimd 

C.  S,  Brown  High  School,  1964;  M.S.,  North 
Carolina  Central  University,  1971. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Vice-President,  Director  and  Partner/Owner, 
Hunters  Funeral  Home,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1989-Present;  Hertford  County 
Commissioner,  1978-88. 

Business/Professional,  Chatitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Life  Member,  Ahoskie  Alumni  Chapter,  Kappa  Alpha  Psi;  N.C.  Funeral  Home 
Association;  N.C.  Central  University  Alumni  Association  (President,  Hertford 
County  Chapter,  1971). 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxls  and  Commissions 

Past  Chair,  N.C.  Black  Legislative  Caucus;  President,  Board  of  Directors,  Hertford 
County  United  Way;  Hertford  County  Chapter,  Water  Safety  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

Outstanding  Young  Man  of  America;  Distinguished  Service,  Murfreesboro  Jaycees; 
Outstanding  Citizen  in  N.C.  m  Human  Relations. 

Per^sonalln/brmation 

Married,  Vivian  Flythe  Hunter.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church, 
Murfreesboro. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Children,  Youth  and  Families;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources,  Commerce,  Insurance, 
Occupational  Safety  and  Health. 


520 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Veria  Clemens  Insko 

Democrat,  Orange  County 

Fifty-Sixth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Orange  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Decatur,  Arkansas,  on  February  5, 
1936,  to  Charles  Verne  and  Leta  Trook 
Clemens. 

EducationalBackground 

Thomas  Downey  High  School,  Modesto, 
CaUfornia,  1954;  A.B.  m  Biology  California 
State  University  at  Fresno,  1959;  M.P.A., 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1993. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired  Health  Care  Administrator. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-present;  Member,  Orange  County 
Board  of  Commissioners,  1990-1994;  Member,  Chapel  Hill-Carrboro  Board  of 
Education,  1977-1985;  Chair,  Orange  Water  and  Sewer  Authority  Board,  1989- 
1990. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Society  for  Training  and  Developing  (ASTD);  Association  for  Psychological 
Type  (APT);  Facilitation  and  Organizational  Development  Group. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Global  Center;  Foundation  for  Community-Based  Care;  UNC-CH  Board  of 
Visitors;  Governors  Advisory  Council  on  Sickle  Cell  Disease. 

Honors  andAwards 

2000  and  2001  Legislator  of  the  Year  Award,  National  AUiance  for  the  Mentally  111; 

2001  Dorothea  Dix  Spirit  Award,  N.C.  Mental  Health  Consumers  Association;  2001 
Legislative  Award,  UCP  of  North  Carolina. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married,  Chester  (Chet)  Insko.  Two  children.  Two  grandchild.  Member,  Binkley 
Baptist  Church,  Chapel  Hill. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Health;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Health 
and  Human  Services,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Universities, 
Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Judiciary  1. 


521 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Margaret  A.  Jeff  US 

Democrat,  Guilford  County 

Fifty-Ninth  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Guilford  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Roanoke,  Virginia,  on  October  22, 
1934, 10  Edward  S.  and  Alyne  Bowles  Green. 

EducatiotialBacJigixjund 

Greensboro  Senior  High  School,  1952;  B.A. 
in  Education,  Guilford  College,  1965; 
M.Ed.,  UNC-Greensboro,  1970. 

ProfessionalBaclsgwund 

Retired  Educator  Greensboro/Guilford 
County  Schools. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1990-94,  1996-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Cliaritahle/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Past  President,  Altrusa  International  of  Greensboro;  Past  Member,  Professional 
Review  Committee,  SDPJ;  Past  District  and  Local  Unit  President,  N.C.  Association 
of  Educators. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

Member,  Board  of  Directors,  Women's  Resource  Center,  2002-2006;  Advisory  Board 
Member,  N.C.  Humanities  Council,  1998-Present;  Member,  Board  ot  Directors, 
N.C.  Foundation  for  Public  School    Children,  1999-Present. 

Honors  andAwards 

1998  Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Coalition  Against  Sexual  Assault;  2000  N.C.  Public 
Libraries  Directors'  Eleanor  Swam  District  Service  Award;  2004  N.C.  Association 
of  Educators  President  Award. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Ted  J.  Thompson.  Two  children.  Five  grandchildren.  Member,  Starmount 
Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  General  Government;  Vice-Chair, 
Appropriations;  Member,  Education;  Education  Subcomittee  on  Pre-School, 
Elementary  and  Secondary  Education;  Ethics,  Judiciary  IV,  Ways  and  Means. 


522 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Charles  E.Johnson 

Democrat,  Pitt  County 

Fourth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Craven,  Martin  and  Pitt  counties 

Ektrly  Years 

Born  in  Martin  County,  on  September  19, 
1936,  to  Joseph  J.  and  Katie  M.  Forbes 
Johnson. 

EducathnalBackgrxRmd 

RobersonviUe  High  School,  1954;  B.S.  in 
AgricuUural  Education,  N.C.  State 
Univeristy,  1958;  M.Ed.,  N.C.  State 
University,  1968;  Certification  in 
Administration,  East  Carohna  University, 
1972. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired  School  Principal. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2002-Present. 

Business/Professionaly  CharitabWCivic  or  Conununity  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Prmcipal/Assistant  Principals  Board  of  Directors,  3  terms. 

Military  Service 

ETC,  US  Army  Engineers,  1958-1959;  Reserves,  28  years;  Army  Commendation 
Medal. 

PersonalInfi)rmation 

Married,  Norma  J.  Davenport  Johnson.  Three  children.  One  grandchild.  Member, 
Black  Jack  Original  Ereewill  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice  Chair,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources;  Member,  Appropriations, 
Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee 
on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education;  Insurance,  MiHtary,  Veterans 
and  Indian  Affairs. 


523 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Linda  P.Johnson 

Republican,  Cabarrus  County 

Seventy-Fourth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Cabarrus  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Concord,  Cabarrus  County,  on  May 
2,  1945,  10  Phletus  O.  Pennell  and  Ruth 
Smith  Pennell  Crook. 

EducationalBackgwimd 

Al  Brown  High  School,  Kannapolis,  1963. 

ProfessionalBackgwund 

Computer  Analyst/Tax  Accounting. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 

2001 -Present;  Kannapolis  City  Board  of  Education,  1992-2000. 

Business/F*rofessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

NCCBI;  N.C.  Order  of  Eastern  Star. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Public  School  Forum;  N.C.  Nursing  Advisor)^  Board;  US.  Congressional/Consortium 
on  Civic  Education. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Ronnie  R.  Johnson.  Three  children.  Seven  grandchildren.  Member,  N. 
Kannapolis  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Education;  Member,  Appropriations, 
Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary 
Education,  Insurance,  Legislative  Redistrictmg,  Public  Utilities. 


524 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Earl  Jones 

Democrat,  Guilford  County 

Sixtieth  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Guilford  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  July  20.  1949. 

EducationalBackgiX)und 

B.A.  in  Political  Science,  N.C.  Central 
Carolina  Univeristy,  Durham,  1971;  J.D., 
Southern  University  School  of  Law,  1976. 

PivfessionalBackground 

Publisher.    The  Greensboro  Times. 

PoliticalActiuities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives. 

2003-Present;  Member,  The  Greensboro  City  Council,  1983-2001. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Co-founder,  International  Cu'il  Rights  Museum  &  Center;  Co-founder,  100  Black 
Men  of  Triad;  Board  Member.  NAACP,  Greensboro  Chapter. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Blue  Ribbon  Commission  to  Study  Solutions  to  N.C.s  Urban  Transportation  Board; 
Joint  Select  Committee  on  Naturopathic  Licensure;  House  Select  Committee  on 
Street  Gang  Prevention. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Adn-Anne  Donnell  Jones.    Member,  Genesis  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice  Chair,  Financial  Institutions;  Member,  Finance,  Local  Government  II,  Science 
and  Technolog);  Ways  and  Means. 


525 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Carolyn  H.  Justice 

Republican,  Pender  County 

Sixteenth  Representative  District:  Pender 
and  Portions  of  New  Hanover  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born    in    Wilmini2,ton,    New    Hanover 
County,  on  May  13,  1946. 

EducatknialBacliground 

Wakefield  High  School,  Arlington,  VA; 
Cape  Fear  Community  College. 

ProfessionalBacI?gfX)und 

Owner,  Business  Management.  Hampstead 
Office  Ser\''ice. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 

2003-Present;  Pender  County  Commissioner,  1994-2002. 

Business/Pix>fessionaly  Cliaiitable/Civic  or  Cotnrnunity  Service  Organizations 

Sunday  School  Teacher,  Hampstead  United  Methodist  Church;  Founder/Coordinator,  i 
Concerts  in  the  Park,  Hampstead  Village  Merchants  Association;  Member,  Hampstead  | 
Lions  Club.  1 

Honors  and  Awards 

i 

Legislator  ot  the  Year,  North  Carolina  Association  ol  Health  Directors,  2003;  BrowTi  f 
Pelican  Award,  Coastal  Federation,  2003;  North  Carolina  Intergovernmental 
Relations  Award,  2001. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  William  Thomas  Justice.  Two  children.  Hampstead  United  Methodist; 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Education  and  Education;  Member, 
Appropriations,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Community  Colleges,  Ethics, 
Legislative  Redistnctmg,  Local  Government  11.  Judiciary  II,  Rules,  Calendar  and 
Operations  of  the  House,  University  Board  ol  Governors  Nominating. 


526 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Carolyn  K.Justus 

Republican,  Henderson 
County 

One  Hundred-Seventeenth  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Henderson  and 
Transylvania  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Brevard,  Transylvania  County,  on 
September  15,  1945,  to  Thurman  W.  and 
Gwendolyn  Morgan  King. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Brevard  High  School,  Brevard,  NC,  1963; 
Attended  Gaston  Memorial  Hospital. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2003-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Seivice  Organizations 

BPW;  VFW  &  American  Legion  Auxiliary 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

SSEACO  Board  of  Directors;  Henderson  County  Emergency  Plannmg  Committee; 
Henderson  County  Criminal  Justice  Partnership. 

Honors  andAwards 

BPW  Woman  of  Achievement  Award,  2004. 

Personal  Information 

Member,  Pinecrest  Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Health;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice 
and  Public  Safety,  Judiciary  IV,  Legislative  Redistncting,  Rules,  Calendar  and 
Operations  of  the  House. 


527 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Stephen  A.  LaRoque 

Republican,  Lenoir  County 

Tenth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Duplin  and  Lenoir  counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  m  Kmslon,  Lenoir  Couniy,  on  August 
15,  1963,  to  Walter  D.  Ill  and  Naomi  W. 
LaRoque. 

EducatkmalBadigiryimd 

Kmston  High  School,  1981;  BSBA  in 
Finance,  East  Carolina  Univeristy,  1985; 
MBA,  East  Carolina  University,  1993. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Economic  and  Community  Development, 
East  Carolina  Development  Co.  and 
Piedmont  Development  Co. 

Political  Activities 

N4ember,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Business^ryfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Cormnunity  Service  Oi^anizatknis 

Rotary  Club  ol  Lenoir  County. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources  and 
Enviroment  and  Natural  Resources;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcommittee  on  Education,  Public  LJtilities,  Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations  of 
the  House,  Transportation. 


528 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


David  R.  Lewis 

Republican,  Harnett  County 

Fifty-  TJiird  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Harnett  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Fayette\^lle,  Cumberland  County,  on 
March  6,  1971,  to  Donnie  R.  and  Jean 
Hudson  Lewis. 

EducationalBackground 

Cape  Fear  High  School,  Fayetteville,  1989; 
B.A.  in  Business  Adminsitration,  Campbell 
University,  1994. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Farm  Equipment  Dealer,  Harnett  Tractor  Co., 

Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Chamber  of  Commerce;  Dunn  Kiwanis  Club. 

Honors  andAwards 

George  F  Hixon  Kiwanis  Service  Award;  John  Deere  Signature  Dealer. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Michelle  Lawrence  Lewis.  Two  children.  Member,  Long  Branch  RFW.B. 

Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

A'lce-Chair,  Agriculture;  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Community 
Colleges,  Finance,  Insurance,  Transportation. 


529 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Marvin  W.Lucas 

Democrat,  Cumberland 
County 

Forty-Second  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Cumberland  and  Harnett 
counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Spring  Lake,  Cumberland  County, 
on  November  15,  1941,  to  Marviii  L.  and 
Rebecca  McDougald  Lucas. 

EducationalBackgwund 

Anne  Chesnutt  High  School,  Fayetteville, 
1960;  B.S.  in  English,  Fayetteville  State 
University,  1964;  M.A.  m  Education 
Administration,  North  Carolina  Central 
University,  1975;  Ed.  S.  m  Administration,  East  Carolina  LJniversity,  1977. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired  Principal,  Cumberland  County  Schools. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2001 -Present;  Mayor,  Town  of  Spring 
Lake,  1997-2001;  Alderman,  Town  of  Spring  Lake,  1977-97. 

Business/Pixtfessionaly  Chaiitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

N.C.  Association  of  Educators;  Cape  Fear  Chapter,  100  Black  Men  of  America; 
Kiwanis  Club  of  Spring  Lake. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boatxls  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Directors,  Centura  Bank;  Board  of  Trustees,  Bethel  AME  Zion  Church. 

Honors  andAwards 

1998  Order  ot  the  Long  Leaf  Pme;  Cumberland  County  Secondary  Principal  of  the 
Year,  1987;  Cumberland  County  Elementary  Principal  of  the  Year,  1977. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Brenda  Ricks  Lucas.  Three  children.  Seven  grandchildren.  Member,  Bethel 
AME  Zion  Church. 

Committee  Assignments  ' 

Chair,  Military,  Veteran  and  Indian  Affairs;  Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee 
on  General  Government;  Member,  Alcoholic  Beverage  Control,  Appropriations, 
Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary 
Education,  Wildlife  Resources. 


530 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Paul Luebke 

Democrat,  Durham  County 

Thirtieth  Representative  District:  Portions 
ofDurliam  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  on  January  18, 
1946,  to  Paul  T.  and  Eunice  Elbert  Luebke. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Germany  Embassy  School,  Ankara,  Turkey, 
1959-62;  B.A.,  Valparaiso  University  1966; 
Ph.D.,  Columbia  University,  1975. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Associate  Professor  of  Sociology,  UNC- 
Greensboro,  1982-Present. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1991-Present. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Board  Member,  Raleigh-Durham  International  Airport  Authority,  1987-91;  Member, 
Board  of  Editors,  Perspectives  on  the  American  South:  An  Annual  Review  of  Society, 
Politics  and  Culture;  Member,  Board  of  Editors,  Research  in  Political  Sociology. 

Personal  Information 

Married  to  Carol  Gallione.  Two  children. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Legislative 
Redistricting,  Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations  of  the  House,  Ways  and  Means. 


531 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Mary  E.  McAllister 

Democrat,  Cumberland 
County 

Forty -TJiird  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Cumberland  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Johns  Slalion,  Scotland  Counlv,  on 
April  20,  1937,  lo  Alexander  and  Mary 
Benton  McLaurin. 

EducationalBackgixjund 

E.E.  Smith  Senior  High  School,  Fayetteville, 
1954;  B.S.  in  Elementary  Education, 
Fayetteville  State  University,  1958;  M.S. 
Education  Administration  and  Supervision, 
East  Carolina  University;  New  York 
University,  N.Y;  Childhood  Education,  Wa)Tie  State  University,  Michigan. 

ProfessionalBcickgix)und 

Executive  Director,  Operation  Sickle  Cell,  Inc.,  Eayetteville,  1975-Prcsent;  Educator, 
Fayetteville  City,  Cumberland  County,  Harnett  County,  Warren  County  Schools 
and  Detroit  Public  Schools,  Michigan. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1991-Present;  Member,  Cumberland 
County  Board  of  Commissioners,  1980-1988. 

Biisiness/F*tx>fessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Cornniunity  Service  Organizations 

Fayetteville  State  University  Alumni  Association;  NAACP;  Zeta  Phi  Beta  Sorority; 
National  Association  of  Black  Countv  Olhcials. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxls  and  Commissions 

Mount  Smai  Foundation  (Mt.  Smai  Homes);  Z.  Smith  Reynolds  Advisory  Panel; 
The  Rural  Center  Board  of  Directors. 

HonorsandAwarxls 

N.A.FE.O.  Award  for  Outstanding  Fayetteville  State  University  Alumni;  Honorary 
Degree,  Doctor  oi  Humane  Letters,  Fayetteville  State  University;  Maiy  McAllister 
Endowed  Scholarship  Award,  FayettcMlle  Stale  Unu'ersity  , 

Per^sonal  Information 

Married  to  Freddie  D.  McAllister.  Two  children.  Member,  Mount  Sinai  Baptist  Church. 

Cormnittee  Assignments 

Chair,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Universities;  Vice  Chair,  Approrpriaiions 
Subcomitlee  on  Transportation  and  Education;  Member,  Approrpriations,  Children, 
Youth  and  Families,  Health,  Local  Government  1. 
532 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Daniel  Francis  McComas 

\  Republican,  New  Hano\er 
County 

Nineteenth  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  New  Hanover  County 

;  Early  Years 

Born  m  San  Juan,  Puerto  Rico,  on  May  26, 
1953,  to  Hugh  G.  and  Nilda  Miro  (deceased) 
McComas. 

EducationalBackground 

Perpetuo  Socorro  High  School,  San  Juan, 
Puerto  Rico,  1972;  B.B.A.  in  Finance,  St. 
;Bonaventure  University,  1976. 

PrvfessionalBackground 

President,  MCO  Transport,  Inc.,  1985- 
Present. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Board  Member,  Coastal  Land  Trust;  Board  Member,  N.C.  Trucking  Association; 
Board  Member,  Cape  Fear  Council,  Boy  Scouts  of  America. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Co-Chair,  House  Finance  Committee,  Environmental  Review  Commission,  Joint 
Transportation  Oversight  Committee. 

,  Military  Service 

.U.S.  Merchant  Marine,  1971-76. 

I 
I 

Honors  andAivards 

1 1998  Razor  Walker  Award,  UNC-Wilmington  School  of  Education;  1997 
i  Convention  and  Visitors  Bureau  Award. 

Personal  In fiirmation 

Married,  Betty  Garcia  McComas.  Two  children.  Member,  St.  Therese  Catholic  Church, 
Wrightsville  Beach. 

Committee  Assignments 

'Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Appropriations,  En\ironment  and  Natural  Resources,  Ethics, 
Legislative  Redistricting,  Public  Utihties,  Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations  of  the 
House. 


533 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Willard  Eugene  McCombs 

Republican,  RoM'an  County 

(Deceased  January  20,  2004) 

Eighty -Tliird  Representative  Distnct: 
Portions  of  Rowan  County 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Faith,  Rowan  County,  on  June  16, 
1925,  to  Junius  Ray  and  Ethel  Irene  Peeler 
McComhs. 

EducationalBacl^ground 

Granite  Quarry  High  School,  1942;  Catawba 
College. 

ProfessionalBacJiground 

Retired  Merchant. 

Political  Activities 

N4ember,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-2004;  Rowan  County 
Commissioner,  1966-76;  Chairman,  Rowan  County  Commissioners  Ofhce,  1981- 
82;  Faith  Town  Board,  1948-61  (Mayor,  1959-61). 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

Life  Member,  Faith  Jaycees;  Faith  Ci\'itan  Club;  Faith  American  Legion  Post  327. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Rowan  County  Board  of  Health  (Ten  Years);  Governors  Appointee,  Law  & 
Order  Commission;  Board  of  Human  Resources. 

Military  Service 

RFC,  31st  Infantry  U.S.  Arm);  1943-1946. 

Honors  andAwards 

Distinguished  Service  Award,  Faith  Jaycees;  Faith  Civitan  Man  of  the  Year  (twice); 
Outstanding  Service  Award,  Rowan  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Per^sonal  Information 

Married,  Jean  Fisher  McCombs.  Two  children.  Four  grandchildren,  Member,  Shiloh 
United  Church  of  Christ. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Pensions  and  Retirement;  Member.  Congressional  Redistrictmg, 
Education,  Education  Subcommitee  on  Community  Colleges,  Environment  and 
Natural  Resources,  Finance,  Public  Utilities,  Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations  ol  the 
House. 


534 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


William  C.McGee 

Republican,  Forsyth  County 

Ninety-Third  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Forsyth  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  King,  Stokes  County,  on  February 
21,  1936,  to  William  and  Kathryn  Hauser 
McGee. 

EducationalBackground 

Old  Richmond  High  School,  Tobacco\ille, 
1954;  B.S.  m  Business  Administration, 
High  Point  University,  1959. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired  Stock  Broker,  Smith  Barney. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Mayor,  Village  of  Clemmons, 
1995-2001;  Councilman,  Village  of  Clemmons,  1991-1995. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Clemmons  Civic  Club;  Clemmons  Rotar)'  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Appalachian  State  University  Foundation;  Northwest  Piedmont  Council  of 
Governments;  Forsyth  County  Transportation  Advisory  Board. 

Military  Service 

E-4  (Specialist),  N.C.  National  Guard,  Artillery  Branch,  1958;  Reserves,  1958-1964. 

Honors  andAwards 

j Honorary  Fire  Marshall,  Forsyth  City  Fire  Department,  2003. 

^  Personal  Information 

iMarried,  Diane  Bingham  McGee.  Two  children.  Four  grandchildren,  Member, 
'Clemmons  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Financial  Institutions;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcomittee  on  Health  and  Human  Services,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on 
Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education,  Finance,  Local  Government  1, 
Pensions  and  Retirement. 


535 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

PatrickT.McHenry 

Republican,  Gaston  County 

One  Hundred-Ninth  Representative  Dis- 
trict: Portions  of  Gaston  County 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Charloltc,  Mecklenburg  Couniy,  on 
October  22,  1975,  to  James  and  Mary  Lou 
Suftern  McHenry. 

EdiicationalBackgtx)imd 

Ashbrook  High  School,  Gastonia,  1994: 
N.C.  State  University  1994-1997;  B.A.  m 
History,  Belmont  Abbey,  2000. 

ProfessionalBacfiground 

Business  Owner/Realtor,  McHenrv  Real 
Estate. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  ot  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Special  Assistant  to  the  \ 
U.S.  Secretary  of  Labor,  Appointed  by  President  George  W.  Bush,  2001. 

Busiiiess/Ptx)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member,  Gastonia  Rotary  Club;  Board  of  Directors,  Gaston  United  Way  Success  by 
6  Program;  Member,  Gaston  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Elective  andAppointedBoaixLs  and  Commissions 

North  Carolina  Republican  Party  Executive  Committee;  Gaston  County  Republican  \ 
Party  Executive  Committee. 

Personalln/brmation 

Member,  St.  Michaels  Catholic  Church,  Gastonia. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Judiciary  111;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on 
Natural  and  Economic  Resources,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Financial 
Institutions,  Occupational  Safety  and  Health. 


536 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


William  Edwin  McMahan 

Republican,  Mecklenburg 
County 

One  Hundred-Fifth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Asheville,  Buncombe  County,  on 
August  13,  1944,  to  Carmon  Houston  and 
Julia  Lenora  Frady  McMahan. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Lee  H.  Edwards  High  School,  Asheville, 
1962;  B.S.  in  Industrial  Relations,  UNC- 
:Chapel  Hill,  1966. 

I  ProfessionalBackground 

\  ice-Chair,  Little  Diversified  Architecture  Services. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1994-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitahle/Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Blumenthal  Performing  Art  Center;  Florence  Crittenton  Agency;  N.C.  Center  for 
Business  and  Industry. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

UNC  Board  of  Visitors;  N.C.  Center  for  Public  Policy. 

Military  Service 

N.C.  National  Guard,  1967-1973. 

Honors  andAwards 

, Distinguished  Legislator  Award,  N.C.  Planning  Association;  Citizens  Award,  N.C. 
Landscape  Architects;  Pinnacle  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  General  Contractors. 

i  Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Evangeline  Houser  McMahan.  Three  children.  Three  grandchildren. 
Member,  St.  Mark's  Lutheran  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Aging,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  General 
Government,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and 
Secondary  Education,  Science  and  Technology. 


537 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Henry  M.Michaux,  Jr. 

Democrat,  Durham  County 

Thirty-First  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Durham  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Durham  on  September  4,  1930,  to 
Henry  McKinley  and  Isadore  Coates 
Michaux,  Sr. 

EducationalBacl^ground 

Palmer  Memorial  Institute,  1948;  B.S.,  N.C. 
Central  University,  1952;  J. D.,  N.C.  Central 
University  School  of  Law,  1964;  Graduate 
Studies,  Rutgers  University  and  N.C.  Central 
Universitv 

Pir)fessionalBacf?ground 

Attorney;  Executive-Vice  President  and  Director:  Union  Insurance  and  Realty 
Company. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1973-77  and  1985-Present.  United  States 
Attorney,  Middle  District  of  N.C,  1977-1981. 

Business/P}^fessioiial,  Charitable/Civic  or  CotntnunitySenjice  Organizations 

N.C.  State  and  National  Bar  Associations;  N.C.  Association  of  Black  Lawyers;  George 
H.  White  Bar  Association. 

Military  Service 

Sgt.,  U.S.  Army,  1952-54;  Reserves,  1954-60. 

Honors  andAwards 

Honorary  Doctor  ot  Law,  N.C.  Central  University  and  Durham  College. 

Pei^sonallnjbnnation 

Married,  June  W.  Michaux.  Two  children.  Member,  St.  Josephs  AME  Church,, 
Durham. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Rciorm,  V'lce-Chair,  Judiciary  111; 
Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education, 
Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources,  Education, 
Education  Subcommittee  on  Llnu'ersities,  Science  and  Technology. 


538 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


David  Morris  Miner 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Thirty-Sixth  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Wake  County 

Early  Years 

iBorn  in  Johnson  City,  Tennessee,  on  December 
123,  1962,  to  Morris  Miner  and  Shirley  Asher 
[Miner. 

EducationalBackground 

Fuquay-Varina  High  School,  1981;  B.B.A., 
Campbell  University,  1989. 

ProfessionalBackground 

'Sales,  The  Management  Group  (Textiles). 

Political  Activities 

'Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

Business^Professional,  ChaHtahle/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Cary  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Chair,  Americans  for  a  Balanced  Budget,  1989-Present. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Capital  Planning  Commission,  1995-Present;  Joint  Select  Committee  on  Low- 
Level  Radioactive  Waste,  1993-Present;  N.C.  Rail  Council,  1995-Present. 

Personal  Information 

Member,  Fuquay-Varina  Baptist. 

\  Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Universities, 
Insurance,  Public  UtiHties,  Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations  of  the  House. 


539 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


William  Franklin  Mitchell 

Republican,  Iredell  County 

Ninety-Sixth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Iredell  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Statesvillc,  Iredell  Counly,  on  July 
26,  1940,  10  Grady  Sloop  and  Elsie  Rash 
Mitchell. 

EducationalBacIigrxjund 

Hampton  High  School,  Hampton,  VA, 
1958;  Tool-Making,  Newport  News 
Shipbuilding  Apprentice  School,  1964. 

ProfessionalBackgwund 

Farmer. 

Political  Activities  | 

Member,   N.C.    House   of  Representatives,    1993-Present;   Iredell   County 
Commissioner,  1990-92.  I 

Busines»Pir)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizatioiis     j 

Olin  Masonic  Lodge  No.  226;  N.C.  Citizens  for  Business  and  Industiy;  N.C.  Farm) 
Bureau.  I 

Elective  arid  Appointed  Boards  and  Comm,issions 

Statesville  Airport  Commission;  Iredell  County  Jury  Commission.  ' 

Personal  In fDrmation 

Married,  Gayle  Johnson  Mitchell.  Five  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member,  St. 
Johns  Lutheran  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice  and 
Public  Safety,  Local  Government  II,  Ways  and  Means. 


540 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


{Timothy  Keith  Moore 

[Republican,  Cleveland  County 

One  Hundred-Eleventh  Representative 
^District:  Portions  of  Cleveland  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Kings  Mountain,  Cleveland  County, 
on  October  2,  1970,  to  Rick  and  Jean 
Moore. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Kings  Mountain  High  School,  1988; 
'Campbell  University,  1988-1990;  B.A.  m 
Political  Science,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1992; 
IJ.D.,  Oklahoma  City  University,  1995. 

\ProfessionalBaehground 

(Attorney   Flowers,  Martin,  Moore  and  Ditz. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

'Boy  Scouts;  Rotar}'  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

UNC  Board  of  Governors;  Cleveland  County  Economic  Development  Commission; 
Clevelend  County  Board  of  Adjustment. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married  JuUet  McRae  Moore.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church  of  Kings 
Mountain. 

]Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Judiciary  II;  Member,  Alcoholic  Beverage  Control,  Appropriations, 
jAppropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee 
'on  Universities,  Transportation. 


541 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Don  Munford 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Tliirty -Fourth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  August  15. 

PtryfessionalBackground 

La\v\'ei"  and  CPA 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2  00  3 -Present. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Judiciary  IV,  Member  Finance, 
Financial  Institutions,  Health,  Pensions  and 
Retirement. 


542 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Edd  Nye 

{Democrat,  Bladen  County 

Tiventy-Second  Representative  District: 
Bladen  and  Portions  of  Sampson  counties 

Early  Years 

.  Born  m  Gulf,  Chatham  County,  to  Joseph 
Burke  and  Vera  Johnson  Nye. 

BjducationalBackgroimd 

Clarkton  High  School;  A. A.,  Southeastern 
Community  College,  1965-69;  N.C.  State 
University  1970-73. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

insurance  Executive. 

'  Political  Activities 

'Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
1977-82,  1985-Present;  Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1975-76. 

Business/Professional,  Ckaritable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Elizabethtown  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Bladen  Masonic  Lodge;  Former  Member, 
Jaycees  and  Lions  Club. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Former  Trustee,  Bladen  Technical  College;  Former  Trustee,  Southeast  Area  Mental 
Health;  Former  President,  Southeast  Shelter  Workshop. 

Military  Service 

'Serv^ed,  U.S.  Air  Force. 

Personal  In  fi)rmation 

JMarried,  Peggy  McKee  Nye.  Three  children.  Member,  Elizabethtown  Baptist  Church. 

\  Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Health  and  Human  Services;  Vice-Chair, 
Appropriations;  Member,  Agriculture,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on 
Community  Colleges,  Legislative  Redistricting,  Transportation. 


543 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


William  Clarence  Owens,  Jr. 

Democrat,  Pasquotank 
County 

First  Representative  District:  Camden, 
Currituck,  Pasquotank  and  Portions  of 
Gates  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Betrn  in  Elizabeth  Cily,  Pasquoiank  County, 
on  April  2,  1947,  to  William  C.  and  Hazel 
Marie  Markham  Owens. 

EducationalBackground 

Elizabeth  City  High  School,  1965;  College 
of  the  Albemarle,  1965-67. 

Pix)fessionalBacf?grx)und 

Businessman,  President,  W.W.  Owens 
Moving  and  Storage. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present;  Pasquotank  County  Board 
ol  Commissioners,  1976-95. 

Business/Ptxyfessioiial,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Involved  m  many  civic  and  charitable  organizations,  past  and  present. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

Ad\'isory  Budget  Commission;  Vice-Chair,  N.C.  Economic  Development  Board, 
Joint  Legislative  Commission  on  Governmental  Operations. 

Military  Serxiice 

Staff  Sgt.,  Company  C,  1st  Battalion,  119th  Mechanized  Infantry  N.C.  National 
Guard,  1967-92;  Major,  N.C.  Militia,  1992-Present;  N.C.  Meritorious  Service  Award. 

Honors  andAwards 

1993  County  Commissioner  of  the  Year;  1993  Pasquotank  County  Industrialist  of 
the  Year;  1980  VFW  Citizen  of  the  Year. 

Per^sonallnforination 

One  child.    Two  grandchildren.    Member,  Blackwell  Memorial  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations,  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on 
Community  Colleges,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Local  Government  I 
Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations  of  the  House. 


544 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


EarlineW.Parmon 

Democrat,  Forsyth  County 

Seventy-Second  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Forsyth  County 

Early  Years 

■  Born  Buffaloe,  Erie  County,  New  York,  in 
1Q43,  to  James  and  Margaret  White  Cathcart. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Anderson  High  School,  Winston-Salem, 
1961;  B.S.  in  Business  Administration, 
Winston-Salem  State  University,  1977. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

'  Education  Consultant. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 

2003-Present;  Eorsyth  County  Commissioner,  1990-2002. 

Business/Professional,  Chantable/Civic  or  Cornm.unity  Service  Organizations 

j  Board  oi  Directors,  Forsyth  County  Library;  Board  oi  Trustees,  Forsyth  Memorial 
Hospital;  N.C.  State  Team  Leader,  Veteran  Affairs  Project,  National  Foundation  for 
Women  Legislators. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

First  black  elected  as  Chairman  of  the  Forsyth  County  Democratic  Party;  Forsyth 
(County  Board  of  Commissioners,  1990-2002. 

'  Military  Service 

tSpec  4,  U.S.  Army  Reser\'es,  1977-1982. 

j  Honors  andAwards 

^NCABCO  Legislative  Award,  National  Association  of  Black  County  Officials,  2004; 
jOutstanding  Commissioner  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Association  of  Black  Commissioners, 
|2001;  Shirley  Chisholm  Legacy  Award,  Union  Chapel  Baptist  Church,  Winston- 
Salem,  2004. 

Personal  Injbrmation 

Married  Albert  Parmon.  Four  children.  Five  grandchildren.  Member,  Exodus 
United  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Education;  Member,  Appropriations, 
(Children,  Youth  and  Families,  Commerce,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance 
'Reform,  Ways  and  Means. 


545 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Louis  Milford  Pate,  Jr. 

Republican,  Wayne  County 

Eleventh  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Wayne  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Duplm  County,  on  September  22, 
1936,  to  Louis  Milford  and  Mary  A.  Best  Pate. 

EducationalBackground 

Hopewell  High  School,  Hopewell,  VA,  1954; 
VA  Tech;  B.S.  m  Mangement,  1978  and 
M.B.A.,  1980,  Golden  Gate  College. 

Pi^fessionalBackgir)und 

Retired  Merchant. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present  and  1995-1996;  Mayor, 
Mount  Olive,  1991-1995  and  2001-2003. 

Busines^Pir)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

Mount  Olive  Rotary  Club;  Veterans  of  Foreign  Wars;  American  Legion. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Energy  Policy  Council;  Wayne  County  Military  Attairs  Committee;  Wayne 
County  Chamber  ot  Commerce. 

Military  Service 

Ma]or,  48  TFW,  United  States  Air  Force,  1962-1982.    Distinguished  Flying  Cross; 
Air  Medal  with  5  OLC;  Outstanding  Senace  Medal  with  1  OLC. 

Per^sonalln/brination 

Married  Joyce  Cameron  Garner  Pate.    Three  children.    Six  granchildren.    Member, 
Mount  Olive  First  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Ways  and  Means;  Member,  Agriculture,  Appropriations,  Appropriations' 
Subcomittee  on  Education,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Community 
Colleges,  Local  Government  II. 


546 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Jean  Rouse  Preston 

I  Republican,  Carteret  County 

Hiirteenth  Representative  District: 
Carteret  and  Portions  of  Onslow  counties 

Early  Years 

.  Born  in  Snow  Hill,  Greene  County,  to 
Marvin  Wayne  and  Emma  Mae  Kearney 
Rouse. 

EducationalBackground 

Snow  Hill  High  School,  1953;  Flora 
McDonald  College,  1953-55;  B.S.  m 
Business  Education,  East  Carolina 
I  University,  1957;  M.A.  in  Education,  East 
Carolina  University,  1973;  Certificate, 
Public  Manager  Program,  N.C.  State 
Personnel  Development  Center,  1989. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired,  DHR/DPl. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

Business/Professionaly  ChantabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

:  American  Legislative  Exchange  Council,  1994-Present;  Carteret  County  Chamber 
,  of  Commerce,  1995-Present;  Onslow  County  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1995-Present. 

!  Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

'  Board  of  Directors,  Core  Sound  Waterfowl  Museum,  1995-Present;  Board  of 
j  Directors,  Public  School  Forum,  1995-98;  N.C.  School  Improvement  Panel,  1998- 
'  Present. 

j  Honors  and  Awards 

I  1998  Service  Award,  N.C.  Association  for  the  Gifted  and  Talented;  1994  World 
Who's  Who  of  Women;  1993  N.C.  Association  of  Fisheries  Award. 

Personallnfbrmation 

Widow.  Two  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  Cape  Carteret  Presbyterian 
Church. 

I  Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education;  Member,  Appropriations, 
,  Children,  Youth  and  Families,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Pre-School, 
I  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education,  Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Ways 

and  Means. 


547 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

RayRapp 

Democrat,  Madison  County 

One  Hundred-Eighteenth  Representative 
District:  Madison ,  Yancey  and  Portions  of 
Haywood  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Danbury,  Conneclicul,  on  February 
1 1,  1945,  10  Harold  B.  and  Elsie  Frost  Rapp. 

EducatiotialBackground 

Bethel  High  School,  Bethel,  Connecticutt, 
1962;  B.A.  in  History,  Western  Connecticut, 
1966;  M.A.  in  History,  University  of  South 
Florida,  1972;  History,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1972-1977. 

ProfessioiialBackground 

Dean,  Adult  ACCESS,  Mars  Hill  College. 

Political  Activities  i 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Mayor,  Town  ol  Mars  Hill, 
1997-2002;  Alderman,  Town  of  Mars  Hill,  1993-1997.  j 

Business/F^xyfessional,  Chaiitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations     \ 

Former  President,  Madison  County  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Board  ol  Directors, 
Hand  Made  in  America;  Board  ol  Directors,  Southern  Appalachian  Highland  I 
Conservancy. 

Elective  andAppointedBoarxis  and  Commissions 

Past  Member,  Board  of  Directors,  Land  of  Sky  Regional  Council;  Past  Member, 
N.C.  Local  Government  Commission;  Former  Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  Appalachian 
Consortium. 

Honors  andAwarxis 

Patrick  Henr)'  Award  for  support  of  N.C.  National  Guard,  2004;  Outstanding  Public 
Servant  Award,  Land  of  Sky  Regional  Council;  Grumnran  Award  lor  Outstanding 
Adult  Educator,  N.C.  Adult  Education  Association,  1995. 

Personallnforination 

Married  Dorothy  Rutler  Rapp.  Two  children.  Member,  Cathedral  o\  All  Souls 
Episcopal  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Universities;  Member,  Appropriations, 
Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Education,  Education,  En\'ironment  and  Natural 
Resources,  Pensions  and  Retirement  and  Transportation. 


548 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


Karen  B.Ray 

Republican,  Iredell  County 

Ninety-Fifth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Catawba  and  Iredell  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Mooresville,  Iredell  County,  on 
August  15,  1949,  to  Gilbert  and  Celeste 
Gibbs  Brotherton. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

North  Mecklenburg  High  School, 
Huntersville,  1967;  B.A.  in  Sociology, 
Purdue  University,  1971. 

,  ProfesskmalBackground 

'  Business  Owner,  BSCl,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

I  Member,   N.C.   House   of  Representatives,   2003-Present;   Iredell  County 
'Commissioner,  2000-2002. 
Business^ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

I  National  Verbatim  Reporters  Association;  Mooresville/South  Iredell  Cnmestoppers; 
I  lunior  Achievement. 

Personal  In  fi)rmation 

j  Married  James  Michael  Ray    Three  children.    Member,  Fairview  United  Methodist 
I  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

'  Vice-Chair,  AlcohoUc  Beverage  Control;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcomittee  on  Education,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Community 
Colleges,  Insurance,  Transportation. 


549 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

John  M.  Rayfield 

Republican,  Gaston  County 

One  Hundred-Eighth  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Gaston  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Bclmoni,  Gaslon  County,  on 
February  11,  1926,  lo  John  Bruce  and 
Bertha  Robinson  Rayiield. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Behiiont  High  School,  1944;  Attended 
Behiiont  Abbey,  Gaston  College  and  LaSalle 
Extension  University. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Distribution  Manager  for  Homelite; 
Director  of  Textron  (35  years);  Real  Estate 
Broker,  J.  Rayfield  Properties. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Business/F^xifessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Past  Chair,  Gaston  Traffic  Club;  Past  Chair,  Charlotte  Chapter,  Delta  Nu  Alpha;  Past  ^ 
President,  Gaston  Skills,  Inc. 

Elective  andAppointedBoardsand  Commissions 

Past  President,  Gaston  Economic  Development  Commission. 

Military  Service 

Seaman  1st  Class,  U.S.  Na\7  Reserve,  1944-46,  Pacific  Theater. 

Pei^sonalln/bnnation 

Married,  Jacqueline  Huggins  Rayfield.  One  child.  Member,  Ebenezer  Methodist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice  Chair,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Community  Colleges;  Member,  Children, 
Youth  and  Families,  Commerce,  Education,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance 
Reform,  Finance. 


550 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


John  W.Rhodes 

Republican,  Mecklenburg 
County 

Ninety-Eighth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Years 

Bom  m  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg  County,  June, 
1967,  to  Lt.  Col.  (Retired)  Henry  O.  and  Mary 
L.  Walker  Rhodes. 

EducationalBachgroimd 

Independence  High  School,  Charlotte,  1985; 
UNC-Wilmington,  1986;  N.C.  Institute  of 
Political  Leadership,  1998. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Real  Estate  Broker/Owner,  Rhodes  Realty  of  Lake  Norman. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Commissioner,  Town  of 
Cornelius;  President,  Mecklenbug  County  Republican  Mens  Club. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Chairman,  Lake  Norman  Chamber  Legislative  Affairs;  Graduate,  N.C.  Institute  of 
Political  Leadership;  Congregational  Council,  St.  Marks  Lutheran  Church. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

I  Metropohtan  Planning  Organization;  Rep.,  Centralina  Council  of  Governments; 
!  Fire  and  Rescue  Advisory  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

I  Charlottes  Business  Journal's  40  under  40  Award,  2000;  Chief  "Rino"  Extractor 
I  Award,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives. 

j  Personal  Information 

Married  Gwendolyn  Campbell  Rhodes.  Two  children.  Member,  St.  Mark's  Lutheran 
Church,  Charlotte. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Agmg;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Natural 
and  Economic  Resources,  Commerce,  Emironment  and  Natural  Resources,  Ways 
and  Means. 


551 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Deborah  K.Ross 

Democrat,  Wake  County 

TJiirty -Eighth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Bora  in  Philadelphia,  PA,  on  June  20,  1963, 
to  Manin  and  Barbara  Kofi. 

EducationalBactiground 

Bloomlield  Hiiih  School,  Bloomfteld,  CT, 
1981;  International  Relations,  Brown 
University,  1985;  J. D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1990. 

PwfessionalBaekground 

Law  Faculty/Consultant,  Duke  University 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Business/Ptxjfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Cointnunity  Seiuice  Ch'ganizations 

N.C.  Editorial  Forum;  League  of  Women  Voters;  Raleigh  Wake  Citizens  Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarris  and  Commissions 

Capital  Planning  Commission;  House  Select  Domestic  Violence  Commission; 
Dorothea  Dix  Oversight  Committee. 

Honom  andAwards 

Defender  of  Justice,  NC  Justice  Center,  2000;  Frida\'  Fellow,  Wildaires  Leadership, 
1995-1997;  Order  of  the  Old  Wldl,  UNC-Chapel  Hill.  1990. 

Pei^sonallnfoiination 

Married  Stephen  Wrmn.    Member,  Lhiitanan  Lhiu-ersalist  Fellowship  of  Raleigh. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Judiciary  I;  Member,  Education,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Universities, 
Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform,  Finance,  Local  Government  1. 


552 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


John  I.  Sauls 

Republican,  Lee  County 

Fifty-First  Representative  District:  Lee  and 
Portions  of  Harnett  and  Moore  counties 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Wilson,  on  November  29, 1949,  to  Irwin  and 
Doris  Suggs  Sauls. 

EducationalBackground 

Charles  B.  Aycock  High  School,  Pikeville,  1968;  Science, 
Wayne  Community  College,  1971-1972;  Pastoral 
Mmistries,  Heritage  Bible  College,  1995-1996; 
Management  Development,  Notre  Dame  University 
1993-1995. 

Professional  Background 

Minister  Crossroads  Ministries. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present;  Lee  County  Commissioner,  1998-2002. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Lee  County  Domestic  Violence  Task  Force,  Board  of  Directors,  N.C.  Board  of  Directors,  Veterans  Memonal; 
Sanford-Lee  Chamber  of  Commerce  Legislative  Committee. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Lee  County  Economic  Development  Corp. ;  Lee  County  Emergency  Planning  Committee;  Broadway 
N.C.  Economic  Development  Corp. 

Military  Service 

Warrant  Officer  Candidate ,  US  Army  1 969 . 

Honors  and  Awards 

Charles  B,  Aycock  Alumni  Hall  of  Fame,  CBA  Alumni  Association,  2004;  Resolution  honoring  election  to 
the  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  Lee  County  Board  of  Commissioners,  2002;  Recoginzed  by  Community 
College  Presidents  Association  for  Service,  2004. 

Personal  Information 

Married  Martha  Dewey  Memtt  Sauls.  Three  children.  Two  grandchildren.  Member,  Crossroads  Ministries, 
;  Pentecostal  Free  Will  Baptist. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Commerce;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Education,  Education, 
Education  Subcomittee  on  Community  Colleges,  Legislative  Redistricting,  Public  Utilities. 


553 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Drew  Paschal  Saunders 

Democrat,  Mecklenburg  County 

Ninety-Ninth  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Lilesvillc,  Anson  County,  to  George 
W.  and  Annie  Butler  Saunders. 

EducationalBacligivund 

West  End  High  Sehool,  West  End,  1955;  B.A. 
m  Business,  UNC-Charlotte,  1971;  Babcock 
School,  Wake  Forest. 

PtnfessionalBackground 

Retired,  Carolina  Tractor/CAT. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-Present;  Mayor,  Town  of 
Huntersville,  1987-89;  Mayor  Pro-Tern,  Town  of  HuntersMlle,  1985-87. 

Business/F^xyfessionaly  Chaiitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

President,  Charlotte  Area  Personnel  Association;  Employers'  Association;  Lake 
Norman  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

Charter  Board  Member,  N.C.  Industries  for  Technical  Education;  Ad\'isoiy  Board, 
Central  Piedmont  Community  College;  Advisory  Board,  Junior  Achiex'ement. 

Military  Service 

2"^'  Class  Petty  Officer,  U.S.  Navy,  1956-60. 

Honors  andAwarrds 

1999  Extra  Mile  Award,  N.C.  Department  ol  Transportation;  1971  Commendation, 
N.C.  American  Legion. 

Per^sonalln/bnnation 

Married,  Louise  Baughn  Saunders.  Two  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member, 
Eirst  Baptist  Church  of  Huntersville. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Public  Utihties;  Vice-Chair,  Emancial  Institutions;  Member,  Appropriations, 
Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Transportation,  Insurance,  Legislative 
Redistricting.. 


554 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Mitchell  Smith  Setzer 

Republican,  Catawba  County 

Eighty-Ninth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Catawba  County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Newton,  Catawba  County,  on  March 
12,  1965,  to  William  Neil  and  Dorothy 
Annas  Setzer. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Bandys  High  School,  Catawba,  1983;  A.A., 
Lees-McRae  College,  1985;  B.A.  in  PoUtical 
Science,  UNC-Greensboro,  1987. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Vice-President,  Smith  Setzer  &  Sons,  Inc. 

PoliticalActwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1999-Present;  Mayor,  Towtl  of  Catawba, 
'  1996-98;  Commissioner,  Town  of  Catawba,  1992-96. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Riverside  Masonic  Lodge  #606;  Catawba  Chapter  #124,  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star; 
Claremont  Lions  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Managers,  Shuford,  YMCA;  Board  of  Directors  and  Member,  Catawba 
!  County  Historical  Association. 

Honors  and  Awards 

I  Honorary  Lifetime  Member,  N.C.  Troopers  Association;  1995  Merit  Award,  Riverside 
j  Masonic  Lodge;  1994-95  Merit  Award,  Catawba  Chapter  #124,  Order  of  the  Eastern 

\  Star. 

f 

\  Personal  Information 

Member,  Shiloh  United  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

.  Chair,  Insurance;  Member,  Einance,  Health,  Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations  of  the 
House,  State  Government. 


555 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Paul  Wayne  Sexton,  Sr. 

Republican,  Rockingham  County 

Sixty-Sixth  Representative  District:  Portions 
of  Forsyth  and  Rockingham  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Roanoke,  Virginia,  on  August  5,  1942, 
to  Paul  Reuben  and  Thelma  Virginia  Bolden 
Sexton. 

EducationalBackground 

Stoneville  High  School,  1960;  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1960-61;  B.S.  m  Liberal  Arts,  State 
University  of  New  York,  1988. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

North  Carolina  National  Guard  Association;  National  Guard  Association  ot  the 
United  States;  Past  Member,  Shiloh  Volunteer  Fire  Department. 

Elective  and  j^pointed Boards  and  Commissions 

Rockingham  County  Board  of  Education,  Vice-Chair,  1982;  Western  Rockingham 
City  Board  of  Education,  Vice-Chair,  1988;  Rockingham  County  ConsoHdated  Board 
of  Education,  Vice-Chair,  1993. 

Military  Service 

Colonel  (retired),  Field  Artillerv,  N.C.  Armv  National  Guard;  Reserves,  1963-96; 

VI  J     ^  J  111 

Intelligence  and  Security  Officer  lor  N.C.  National  Guard,  Assigned  to  HQ  Stare. 

Honors  andAwaiyis 

Army  Commendation  Medal,  Army  Service  Ribbon,  Army  Reserve  Component 
Achievement  Medal. 

Personal  Information 

Three  children.  Four  grandchildren.  Member,  Hampton  Heights  Baptist. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Education  Subcomittee  on  Community  Colleges,  Member,  Appropriations, 
Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety,  Education,  Judiciary  I, 
Military,  Veterans  and  Indian  Affairs,  Wildlife  Resources. 


556 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


WilmaM.Sherrill 

Republican,  Buncombe 
County 

One  Hundred- Sixteenth  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Buncombe  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Yadkin  County  on  August,  9, 
1939,  to  WH.  and  Mozell  Johnson  Money. 

EditcatUmalBackgroimd 

West  Yadkin  High  School,  Hamptonville, 
1957;  Attended  Elkin  Business  College  and 
Wake  Forest  University. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Officer,  Accelerated  Personnel. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Council  of  Independent  Businesses;  Riverlink  Advisor)^  Committee;  NCCB. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Economic  Development  Board;  N.C.  Travel  «&r  Tourism;  Board  of  Directors, 
Federal  Home  Loan  Bank  of  Atlanta. 

Honors  andAwards 

Top  30  Most  Influential  Personalities  in  Asheville/Buncombe  County;  Woman  of 
the  Year,  N.C.  Foundation  of  Business  &  Professional  Women's  Organization;  1998 
Legislator  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Humanities  Council;  2000  Distinguished  Woman  of 
North  Carolina,  Government  Catagory;  Golden  Eagle  Leadership  Award,  Advantage 
West. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Jerry  L.  Sherrill.  One  child.  One  grandchild.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations;  Member,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform, 
Health,  Legislative  Redistricting,  Public  Utilities,  Rules,  Calendar  and  Operations 
of  the  House. 


557 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

PaulB.Stam 

Republican,  Wake  County 

Tliirty -Seventh  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Princelon,  N.J.,  on  September  5, 
1950,  10  Paul  Bowman  and  Jane  Levrmg 
Stam. 

EducationalBacligwimd 

Eastern  Christian  High  School,  N.  Haledon, 
NJ.,  1968;  Criminal  Justice,  Michigan  State 
University,  1972;  JD,  UNC-Chapel  Hill 
School  ol  Law,  1975. 

ProfessionalBacfigrx)und 

Attorne)',  Stam,  Fordham  and  Danchi. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present  and  1989-1990. 

Busiiicss/Prx)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Apex  Chamber  ot  Commerce;  Holly  Springs  Chamber  ot  Commerce. 

Elective  andAppointedBoarxls  and  Commissions 

Chair,  N.C.  Juvenile  Law  Study  Commission,  1989-1992. 

Military  Service 

Corporal,  2nd  Marine  Division,  Hq.  Co.  Hc[.  Bn.  Di\'.  Band,  U.S.  Marine  Corp, 
1968-1970. 

Per^sonal  Information 

Married,  Dorothy  Mills  Stam.    Two  children.    Member,  Apex  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform;  Member,  Appropriations, 
Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Health  and  Human  Services,  Children,  Youth  and 
Families,  Commerce,  Judiciarv  11. 


558 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


EdgarV.Starnes 

Republican,  Caldwell  County 

Eighty-Seventh  Representative  District: 
Alexander  and  Portions  of  Caldwell 
counties 


Early  Years 

Born  m  Hickory,  Catawba  County,  on 
September  3,  1956,  to  Ray  C.  and  Sara 
Capshaw  Starnes. 

EducationalBackground 

Granite  Falls  High,  1974;  B.A.  in  History, 
Carson-Newman  College,  1978. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

Investment  Broker,  Bolick  Investment 
Group. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1987-1988  and  1997-Present. 

Business/Professional,  CharitabWCwic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Granite  Falls  Rotary  Club. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

ASCS  State  Committee,  1981-84. 

Personallnfbrmation 

;  Married,  Marilyn  Coats  Starnes.  One  child.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church  of  Granite 
1  Falls. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Financial  Institutions;  Member,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance  Reform, 
Finance,  Legislative  Redistricting,  Transportation. 


559 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


FredF.SteenJI 

Republican,  Rowan  County 

Seventy-Sixth  Representative  District:  Portions  of 
Rowan  County 

(Appointed  February  16,  2004) 

Early  Yeat^ 

Born  in  Concord,  Cabarrus  County,  on  June  19, 
1960,  10  Fred  Franklin,  Sr.  and  Bettye  Huffman 
Steen. 

EdiwationalBcicfigroimd 

Northwest  Cabarrus  High,  1978;  B.A.  m  Business 
Administration,  UNC-Charlotte. 

PixjfessionalBaekground 

Consultant. 

Political  Actkities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2004-Present;  Mayor,  Town  of  Landis, 
1995-2004. 

Business/F^rofessional,  Cliantable/Civic  or  Cbrnmunity  Service  Organizations 

Rotary  hiternational,  Kannapolis;  Landis  Lions  Club;  Board  Member,  American 
Red  Cross,  Elizabeth  Dole  Chapter. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boatxis  and  Commissions 

Chair  and  Vice-Chair,  Cabarrus-Rowan  MPO,  1997-2004. 

Persofiallnfijimation 

Married,  Tena  Yow  Steen.  Two  children.  One  grandchild.  Member,  First  Baptist 
Church,  Kannopolis. 

Cormnittee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Transportation, 
Environment  and  Natural  Resources,  Local  Government  L  Military,  Veterans  and 
Indian  Atlairs,  Pensions  and  Retirement. 


560 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Bonner  L.  Stiller 

Republican,  Bruns^^'ich 
County 

Seventeenth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Brunswick  and  New  Hanover 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Southport,  Brunswick  County,  on 
May  10,  1956,  to  Kenneth  S.  and  Gloria 
Hewitt  Stiller. 

EdueationalBackground 

South  Brunswick  High  School,  1974;  B.S., 
East  Carolina  University,  1978;  J.D.,  N.C. 
Central  University. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney,  Stiller  and  Disbrow. 

PoliticalActiuities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Oak  Island  Fishing  Club;  Southport-Oak  Island  Chamber  of  Commerce;  N.C.  Bar 
Association. 

Elective  and  J^pointed Boards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Seafood  and  Aquaculture  Commission;  Blue  Ribbon  Task  Force  on  Rising 
Cost  of  Health  Care  Commission;  Medical  Malpractice  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

Brunswick  County  College,  2004;  Brunswick  County  Board  of  Education,  2003. 

Personal  In fDrmation 

Married  Julie  Carver  Stiller.    Four  children.    Member,  Southport  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair,  Judiciary  IV;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee 
on  Transportation,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Universities, 
Emironment  and  Natural  Resources,  Financial  Institutions. 


561 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Ronnie  Neal  Sutton 

Democrat,  Robeson  County 

Forty-Seventh  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Hoke  and  Robeson  counties 

EducationalBackground 

Magnolia  High  School;  B.A.  and  M.S., 
University  of  West  Florida  Naval  War 
College,  1970-77;  M.A.,  Central  Michigan 
University,  1979;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1985. 

PivfessionalBackgrowid 

Attorney,  Ronnie  Sutton  Law  Office;  Retired 
Naval  Officer. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
1993-Present. 

Busiiiess/PtX)fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Setuice  Organizations 

N.C.  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers;  President,  Kiwanis,  1990; 
Life  Member,  VFW. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Board,  N.C.  Cancer  Institution;  Board,  Lumbee  River  Legal  Senices. 

Military  Service 

Aviator  and  Commander,  U.S.  Navy,  22  years;  600  combat  hours,  Vietnam;  Two 
Air  Medals.  Enlisted,  U.S.  Air  Force,  four  years. 

Personal  Information 

Married  Geneva  Chavis  Sutton.  Two  children.  Four  grandchildren.  Attends  New  ' 
Prospect  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Judiciary  III,  Vice-Chair,  Legislative  Redistrictmg  and  Military  Veterans  and 
Indian  Affairs;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice 
and  Public  Safety,  Transportation. 


562 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Joe  P.Tolson 

Democrat,  Edgecombe  County 

Twenty-  Third  Representative  District- 
Portions  of  Edgecombe  and  Wilson  coun- 
ties 

Early  Years 

iBorn  in  Tarboro,  Edgecombe  County,  on 
i April  15,  1941,  to  T.L.,  Sr.,  and  Effie  Proctor 
jTolson. 

,  EducationalBackgroiind 

|South  Edgecombe  High  School,  Pinetops, 

1959;  B.S.  in  Biology,  Atlantic  Christian 

[College,    1963;   M.Ed,    in   Educational 

[Administration,  University  of  Virgmia,  1969. 

'  ProfessionalBackground 

!  Retired  Educator. 

PoliticalActwities 

iMember,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-Present. 

Business/Professional,  ChantabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

iPmetops  Lions  Club. 

!  Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

[Edgecombe  County  School  Board,  1981-1983;  N.C.  Economic  Development  Board; 
JN.C.  Energy  Policy  Council. 

!  Honors  andAwards 

'N.C.  Electronic  Information  Technologies  Association  (NCEITA)  Leadership  Award, 
jlOOO. 

,  Personalln/brmation 

JMarned,  Janice  Brafford  Tolson.  Three  children.  One  grandchild.  Member,  Pinetops 
iUnited  Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education;  Vice-Chair;  Appropriations  and 
Science  and  Technology;  Member,  Agriculture,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee 
on  Community  Colleges,  Pensions  and  Retirement. 


563 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


William  LWainwright 

Democrat,  Craven  County 

Tivelth  Representative  District:  Jones  and 
Portions  of  Craven  and  Lenoir  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Somcrxillc,  Tennessee,  e^n  Oclober 
K),  l'-)47,  lo  James  and  Daisy  Wainwnghl. 

EducatknialBacl^xnind 

Manassas  High,  1965;  B.S.  in  Business, 
Memphis  State,  1970. 

PwfessionalBaclzgtX)und 

Minister;  Presiding  Elder,  New  Bern  District 
Conference,  AME  Zion  Church. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1991-Present.  j 

Busines^Pixtfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Cornmiinity  Service  Oiyanizations     t 

Carteret  County  Head  Start  Program  (Program  Pohcy,  Chair);  Craven  County  Board  i 
of  Aging;  Craven  County  Voters  League.  ' 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixis  and  Commissions 

Pubhshmg  House  Board,  A.M.E.  Zion  Church,  1992-Present;  UNC-Chapel  Hill  j 
Board  of  Visitors  —  Institute  ol  Marine  Science;  N.C.  Council  oi  Churches.  | 

Hoiwrs  and  Awards  - 

Outstanding  Member,  Board  of  Directors,  Carteret  Community  Action;  Head  Start 
Program,  Inc. 

Personal  In/bnnation 

Member,  Piney  Grove  A.M.E.  Z\on  Church;  Pastor,  1985-1993.  ' 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Einance;  Member,  Einancial  Institutions,  Health,  Insurance,  Legislative 

111  1  1  ^  O 

Redistrictmg. 


564 


I 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


R.Tracy  Walker 

Republican,  Wilkes  County 

Eighty-Third  Representative  District:  Wilkes 
County 

Early  Years 

Born  in  North  Wilkesboro,  Wilkes  County, 
on  July  27,  1939  to  Rev.  Frank  and  Margie 
Adams  Walker. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

iWilkes  Central  High  School,  Wilkesboro, 
J1955;  Attended  Wilkes  Community  College. 

ProfessionalBackground 

; Retired,  CMl  Industries. 

i 

'Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.   House  of  Representatives,  2001-Present;  Wilkes  County 

Commissioner,  1978-96;  Wilkes  Board  of  Education,  1972-76. 

*  Business/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organisations 

jNorth  Wilkesboro  Elks  Lodge;  Wilkes  Economic  Development  Corporation;  North 
[Wilkes  Booster  Club. 

Military  Service 

|A/2C,  Air  PoUce  Security  U.S.  Air  Force,  1955-59.  Good  Conduct  Medal.  OSl- 
I Secret  Clearance. 

;  Honors  andAwards 

l'-)96  Regional  Leadership  Award;  1990  Outstanding  Elected  Official,  Region  D; 
1^)87  Outstanding  Executive  Board  Member,  Region  D. 

IPersonalln/brmation 

.Married,  Nena  Watkins  Walker.  Two  children.  Five  grandchildren.  Member, 
jWilkesboro  Baptist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Local  Government  1;  Member,  Agriculture,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources,  Education,  Education 
Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education,  Local 
Government  II. 


565 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Alex  Warner 

Republican,  Cumberland 
County 

Forty-Fifth  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Cumberland  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Favetieville  on  November  11,  1942, 
to  Edward  A.  and  Mae  Pearl  Green  Warner, 
Sr. 

EducatiojialBacIiground 

A.B.  in  English,  Campbell  College,  1965; 
M.A.  in  Education,  East  Carolina  University, 
1973. 

ProfessionalBacfiground 

Retired  Public  School  Educator;  Owner,  Countryside  Furniture  Co. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1986-Present;  Cumberland  County  Bc>ard  of 
Education,  1980-86. 

Business/Prx>fessiotial,  Chaiitable/Civic  or  Connnunity  Seivice  Organizations 

Lebanon  Lodge  #No.  391  AE  and  AM;  York  Rite  Masonic  Bodies,  Sudan  Temple. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixis  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Joint  Commission  on  Children  and  Youth;  Chair,  Joint  Committee  to  Study 
Militar)'  Counties;  House-Senate  Education  Oversight  Committee. 

Honors  andAivatxis 

2001  POW-MIA  Recognition;  Chair,  Kia  Kima  District,  Boy  Scouts  of  America; 
1978  Man  of  the  Year,  Stedman  lavcees. 

Per^sonallnjbimation 

Married,  Jacquelyn  Fredda  Smith.  Three  children.  Member,  Highland  Baptist  Church, 
Hope  Mills. 

Convnittee  Assignments 

Chair,  Education;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on 
Education,  En\'ironment  and  Natural  Resources,  Military,  Veterans  and  Indian  Affairs,  ^ 
State  Government. 


566 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Edith  D.Warren 

Democrat,  Pitt  County 

Eighth  Representative  District:  Greene  and 
Portions  of  Martin  and  Pitt  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Edgecombe  County,  on  January  29, 
1937,  to  James  Murray  and  Nora  Elizabeth 
jDowns  Doughtie. 

EducationalBackground 

iBethel  High  School,  Bethel,  1954;  B.S.  in 
^'Education,  East  Carolina  University,  1960; 
|M.A.  in  Education  and  School 
liAdministration,  East  Carolina  University, 
il974. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired  Educator. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1999-Present;  Pitt  County  Board  of 
Commissioners,  1996-98. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitahle/Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member,  Board  of  Directors,  Tarheel  Assoc. of  Principals  &  Asst. Principals,  1989- 

1992;  President,  District  1,  Tarheel  Assoc. of  Principals  &  Asst. Principals,  1989- 

>1990;  Member,  Board  of  Directors,  N.C.  Principals  &  Asst. Principals,  1986-1989 

'  Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Council  on  Educational  Services  for  Exceptional  Children;  N.C.  Interagency  Council 
.for  Coordinating  Homeless  Programs;  Interagency  Council  for  Children  with 
Disabilities. 

I  Honors  andAwards 

'Pitt  County  Principal  of  the  Year,  1990;  Outstanding  Elementary  Principal  for  the 
Council  of  Exceptional  Children  in  Pitt  County,  1989;  Recipient  of  Pitt  County 
Principals  Association  Special  Service  Avv'ard,  1978-1979. 

Personal  Information 

Married  Billy  Nunn  Warren.  Three  children.  Three  granchildren.  Member,  First 
■iBaptist  Church  of  Earmville. 

Committee  Assignments 

, Chair,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementary  and  Secondary 
Education;  Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic 
jResources  and  Education;  Member,  Agriculture,  Appropriations,  Local  Government 
I,  Wildlife  Resources. 


567 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Jennifer  Weiss 

Democrat,  Wake  County 

Tliirty -Fifth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Wake  County 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Somcrville,  N.J.,  on  October  29, 
1959,  to  Burton  Joseph  and  Nan  Weiss. 

EducationalBackgwund 

Princeton  Day  School,  Princeton,  N.J., 
1977;  A.B,  m  Pohtical  Science,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1981;  J.D.,  University  of 
Virginia  School  of  Law,  1986. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C,  House  of  Representatives, 
1999-Present. 

Business/Fix)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

School  Volunteer;  Board  of  Directors,  Summit  House,  2002;  Safechild  Volunteer. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Legislative  Environmental  Review  Commission;  Justus-Warren  Heart  Disease  and 
Stroke  Prevention  Task  Force;  House  Select  Committee  on  Domestic  Violence. 

Honors  andAivards 

William  C.  Lassiter  First  Amendment  Award,  N.C.  Press  Association,  2002; 
Legislator  of  the  Year  Award,  Democratic  Women,  2003;  Flemmmg  Fellow, 
Flemming  Leadership  Institute,  2004. 

Personallnfbimation 

Married  to  Bruce  Alan  Hamilton.  Two  children.  Member,  Temple  Beth  Or,  Raleigh. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Aging;  Vice-Chair,  Children,  Youth  and  Families  and  Judiciary  111;  Member, 
Environment  and  Natural  Resources.  Finance. 


568 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Thomas  Roger  West 

^Republican,  Cherokee  County 

One  Hundred-Twentieth  Representative 
,  District:  CheroJzee,  Clay,  Graham  and 
Portions  of  Macon  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Murphy,  Cherokee  County,  on 
November  1,  1948,  to  Herman  and  Margie 
Bryson  West. 

;  EducationalBackground 

Andrews  High  School,  Andrews,  1967. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

C  ontractor,  Roger  West  Contracting. 

I 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
2000-Present. 

Military  Service 

E-5,  MCB  121,  U.S.  Na\7,  1969-71.    National  Defense  Service  Medal;  Vietnam 
Semce  Medal;  Vietnam  Campaign  Medal. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Judy  Ann  Gaddis  West.  Two  children.  Member,  Andrews  United  Methodist 
Church. 

,  Committee  Assignments 

■  Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources;  Member, 
Appropriations,  Commerce,  Education,  Education  Subcommittee  on  Community 
j  Colleges,  Judiciary  I,  Occupational  Safety  and  Health,  Wildlife  Resources. 


569 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Arthur  J.Williams, 

Democrat,  Beaufort  County 

Sixth  Representative  District:  Beaufort, 
Hyde  and  Washington  counties 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  m  Washington,  Beaufort  Count);  on 
September  19,  1941,  to  Arthur  J.  Jr.  and 
Anne  Padgett  Williams. 

EdiicatioiialBcicfigrx)und 

Washington  High  School,  1959. 

P}x>fessionalBackg}xmnd 

Retired. 

Political  Activities 

Member.  N.C.  House  of  Representatives. 
2002-Present. 

Business/Pix)fessional,  CJiaiitable/Civic  or  Coimnunity  Seivice  Oi^anizatiotis     j 

Rotaiy  Club:  Ruritan  Clul:);  Economic  Development. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixis  and  Cormnissions 

Wildlife  Resources  Commission;  Beaufort  County  Hospital;  Beaufort  County] 
Community  College.  j 

Militaiy  Seivice  f 

AIC,  2nd  QMS  Mam  Squardron,  US  Air  Force,  1959-1963.  ^' 

P&^sonallnfoiination 

Married,  Mrgmia  Daniels  Williams.    Two  children.    Fi\'e  grandchildren.    Member, 
First  Presbyterian  Church. 

Coniniittee  Assignments 

Vice-Chair.  Agriculture  and  Transportation;  Member,  Appropriations,  Appropriations 
Subcommittee  on  Transportation,  Financial  Institutions.  Wildlife  Resources. 


570 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Keith  Parker  Williams 

Republican,  Onslow  County 

Fourteenth  Representative  District:  Por- 
,  tions  of  Onslow  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Kinston,  Lenoir  County,  on 
September  8,  1960,  to  John  Milton  and 
Judith  Kay  Parker  WilUams. 

EducationalBackground 

Swansboro  Hi^h  School,  1978;  Rhema  Bible 
College,  1981;  B.A.,  Omega  Seminary 
College,  1997. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Real  Estate  Broker. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Jomt  Legislative  Transportation  Oversight;  Environmental  Review  Commission. 

Honors  andAwards 

Legislator  of  the  Year  Award,  N.C.  WildUfe  Federation,  2003;  Pelican  Award,  Best 
House  Legislator,  N.C.  Coastal  Federation,  2003. 

Personal  Information 

:One  child.    Full  Gospel. 

Committee  Assignments 

\'ice-Chair,  Appropriations  Subcomittee  on  Transportation  and  Transportation; 
iMember,  Appropriations,  Legislative  Redistricting,  Military,  Veterans  and  Indian 
Affairs,  Public  UtiHties. 


571 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Constance  K.Wilson 

Republican,  Mecklenburg 
County 

One  Hundred-Fourth  Representative 
District:  Portions  of  Mecklenburg  County 

(Resigned  October  15,  2004) 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  on  August  9,  1959, 
to  Michael  C.  and  Mona  Miller  Kramer. 

EducationalBackgwimd 

LaPorte  High  School,  LaPorte,  Indiana, 
1977;  B.S.  m  Finance,  Indiana  University, 
1981. 

ProfesshnalBackground 

Banker,  NationsBank. 

Political  Actwities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present;  Member,  N.C.  Senate,  1989-1 
90.  I 

J 
J 

Business/F^rofessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations    | 

Junior  Achievement;  United  Way;  Arts  and  Science  Council.  j 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Charlotte  Symphony;  Institute  of  Policital  Leadership;  Charlotte  Chamber/CMS 
Partners  for  School  Reform,  Governors  Council  on  Literacy. 

Personal  In fbnnation 

Married,  Thomas  S.  Wilson.  Four  children. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Finance,  Insurance,  Local  Government,  Pensions  and  Retirment, 
Transportation. 


572 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


William  Eugene  Wilson 

Republican,  Watauga  County 

Eighty-Second  Representative  District: 
Ashe  and  Watauga  counties 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Watauga  County  on  May  5  to  Calvin 
Ray  and  Myrtle  Wilson. 

EducationalBackgroimjd 

Cove  Creek  High  School. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Retired. 

PoliticalActivities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 
1987-92,  1995-Present;  Watauga  County 
Commissioner,  1969-1976  (Former  Chair, 
One  Term). 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Cbmmunity  Service  Organizations 

Boone  Rotary  Club;  Blood  Donor,  American  Red  Cross;  Past  Boy  Scout  Leader. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Member,  Board  of  Trustees,  Caldwell  Community  College  and  Technical  Institute, 
1987-92;  Local  Prison  Advisory  Committee,  1984-95;  Member,  Board  of  Directors, 
: Appalachian  District  Health  Department  (14  years). 

Honors  andAivards 

■  Community  Ser\ices  Volunteer  Award,  Human  Resources;  Lifetime  Achievement 
Award,  Appalachian  State  UniversityAVatauga  County  Young  Republicans,  1994. 

i  Personal  Information 

Married,  Odenia  Little.  Three  children.   Member,  Greenway  Baptist  Church,  Boone. 

I  Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Pensions  and  Retirement;  Member,  Aging,  Agriculture,  Appropriations, 
Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  General  Government,  Local  Government  I. 


573 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Larry  W.Womble 

Democrat,  Forsyth  County 

Seventy-First  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Forsyth  County 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Winston-Salem,  Forsyth  County,  on 
June  6,  1941,  to  Owen  Luchion  and 
Dorothy  Gwyn  Womble. 

EducatJonalBacfiground 

Atkins  High  School,  Wmston-Salem,  1959; 
B.S.  in  Education,  Winston-Salem  State 
University,  1963;  Masters  of  Education 
Administration,  UNC-Greensboro,  1975; 
Ed.S.  in  Education  Administration, 
Appalachian  State  University,  1977. 

ProfessionalBacf^round 

Retired  Educator,  Wmston-Salem/Forsyth  County  Schools. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present;  City  Council,  City  of 
Wmston-Salem,  1981-1993. 

Business/Pixjfessional,  CJiaritable/Civic  or  Community  Seiuice  Organizations 

National  League  of  Cities;  Alpha  Phi  Alpha  Fraternity,  1962-Present;  N.C.  Legislative 
Black  Caucus,  1995-Present. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixis  and  Commissions 

Old  Hickory  Boy  Scouts;  NAACP;  National  Black  Caucus  of  State  Legislators,  1995-' 
Present. 

Honors  andAwaixls 

State  Human  Service  Award,  N.C.  Black  Social  W'orkers,  1992;  Assistant  Principal 
of  the  Year,  State  of  N.C,  1992;  Man  of  the  Year  Award,  Chronicle  Newspaper 
1986. 

Per^sonal  Information 

One  child.  Member,  Bethlehem  Baptist  Church 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  State  Government;  Vice-Chair,  Aging;  Member,  Education,  Education 
Subcommittee  on  Pre-School,  Elementaiy  and  Secondary  Education,  Environmen 
and  Natural  Resources,  Finance. 


574 


.^ 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Stephen  W.Wood 

Republican,  Guilford  County 

Sixty-First  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Guilford  County 

Early  Years 

'  Born  in  Winston-Salem,  Forsyth  County,  on 
October  6,  1948,  to  Dock  Wesley  and  Annie 
Harris  Wood. 

EducationalBackground 

•  North  Forsyth  High  School,  1966;  Th.B.  m 
Religion  and  History,  JohnWesley  College, 
1970;  B.A.  m  History,  Asbury  College,  1973; 
M.A.  m  History,  UNC-Greensboro,  1980; 
D.  Mm.  Luther  Rice  Seminary  1982;  M.Div. 
Houston  Graduate  School  of  Theology; 

Post-Graduate  Study,  Princeton  Seminary,  UNC-Greensboro,  Farlham  School  of 
Religion,  Appalachian  State  University. 

PixffessionalBackground 

Singer,  Songwriter  and  Consultant. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1984-1986,  1989-2000  (Speaker  Pro- 
Tern,  1997-1999),  2003-Present. 

'Business/F*rofessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

•American  Legislative  Exchange  Council;  American  Legion;  Oxford  Roundtable  on 

•  Education  Policy. 

\Military  Service 

'E-3,  6th  Artillery  Group,  U.S.  Army  1970-1971. 

\Honors  andAivards 

lOrder  of  the  Long  Leaf  Pine,  Alumni  of  the  Decade,  John  Wesley  College,  1970- 
1980;  Honorary  Sumo  Wrestler,  Japan,  1995. 

Personal  Information 

Married.    Starr  Smith  Wood.    Two  Children.    Member,  N.C.  Friends. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Education;  Vice-Chair,  Finance;  Member,  Election  Law  and  Campaign  Finance 
Reform,  Judiciary  1,  Judiciary  111,  Ways  and  Means. 


575 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Thomas  Edward  Wright 

Democrat,  New  Hano\er 
County 

Eighteenth  Representative  District:  Por- 
tions of  Brunswick,  Cohimhus  and  New 
Hanover  counties 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Wilmington,  New  Hanover  County, 
on  August  7,  1955,  to  William  Dallas,  1, 
and  Sarah  Gibbs  Wright. 

EdiwatlonalBackgroimd 

John  T.  Hoggard  High  School,  1973; 
College  Transfer,  Southeastern  Community 
College,  1973-75;  Psychology  and  Biology, 
UNC-Wilmmgion,  1978-80;  Paramedic, 
Coastal  Carolina  Community  College,  1988. 

Pir)fessionalBacligrx)und 

EMS  Instructor. 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present;  Wilmington  City  Council,: 
1990-93. 

Business/PyryfessionaU  Charitable/Ciuic  or  Community  Service  Organizations    i 

National  Association  of  EMS  Instructors;  N.C.  Association  of  Paramedics;  N.C 
Association  of  Emergency  Medical  Technicians. 

Elective  andAppointedBoaixls  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  New  Hanover  Communitx'  Health  Center;  Chair,  N.C 
Minority  Health  Ad\"isoiy  Council;  Cancer  Control  and  Coordination  Commission- 

Pej^sonal  Information 

Married,  Joyce  Nixon  Wright.  Eour  children.  Member,  Saint  Mary  Catholic  Church 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations;  Member,  Health,  Insurance,  Public  Utilities,  Transportation! 


576 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Douglas  Yates  Yongue 

Democrat,  Scotland  County 

Forty-Sixth  Representative  District: 
Portions  of  Hoke,  Robeson  and  Scotland 
counties 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Lumberton,  Robeson  County,  on 
March  20,  1937,  to  Robert  Eugene,  Jr.,  and 
Elizabeth  Gibson  Yongue. 

,  EducationalBackground 

Laurmburg  High  School,  1955;  A. A., 
Edwards  Mihtary  Institute,  1957;  B.S.  in 
'Industrial  Arts,  East  Carolina  University, 
1959;  M.A.  Degree  in  Industrial  Arts  and 
Administration,  East  Carolina  University, 

1960;  Completed  45  hours  at  East  Carohna  University  and  Western  Carolina 
University  to  obtain  State  Certification  m  Guidance  and  Counseling,  1965;  Ph.D. 
m  Education,  Nova  University,  1986. 

ProfessvonalBackground 

General  Contractor,  Retired  Educator. 

Political  Activities 

iMember,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-Present. 

,  Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

:Phi  Delta  Kappa;  Lumberton  Rotary  Club,  N.C.  Homebuilders  Association. 

I  Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

jExecutive  Board,  Public  School  Forum;  Joint  Education  Oversight  Committee; 
'Council  on  Education  Ser\'ices  for  Exceptional  Children. 

j  Honors  andAwards 

|2000  Community  Service  Award,  St.  Andrew's  Presbyterian  Church,  Laurinburg; 
1972  Outstanding  Young  Educator,  Maxton  Jaycees;  1968  Outstanding  Young 
Educator,  Laurinburg  Jaycees. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married,  Mildred  Hurley  Yongue.  Two  children.  Charter  Member,  Saint  Luke  United 
Methodist  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Chair,  Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education;  Vice-Chair,  Appropriations  and 
Pensions  and  Retirement;  Member,  Agriculture,  Ethics,  Rules,  Calendar  and 
pperations  of  the  House. 


577 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Denise  Gale  Weeks 

N.C.  House  Principal  Clerk 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Raleigh,  Wake  County,  on  July  22, 
1955,  10  Maek  and  Winnifrecl  Stephenson 
Weeks. 

EducationalBackground 

Fuquay-Varina  High,  1973;  N.C.  State 
University  1973-74,  1978. 

Prx>fessionalBackgix)und 

Principal       Clerk,       N.C.       House       of 

Representatives,   1993-Present;  Assistant 

Calendar   Clerk,   N.C.   House,    1977-80; 

Computer  Clerk,  N.C.  House,   1980-82 

Calendar  Clerk,   N.C.   House,    1985-88; 

Administrative  Assistant,  N.C.  House,  1989-92;  General  Partner,  Family  Business. 

Business/Pixyfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Coininunity  Service  Organizations 

American  Society  of  Legislative  Clerks  and  Secretaries  (Secretary/Treasurer,  1997; 
President  Elect,  1998;  President,  1999);  Administrator,  N.C.  Seafood  Festival,  1988. 

Elective  and  Appointed Boarris  and  Commissions 

Masons  Manual  Study  Commission. 

Personal  In fbnnation 

Married,  Henry  J.  Burke.  Member,  Western  Boulevard  Presbyterian  Church.  i 


578 


u 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


James  H.  Harry 

N.C.  House  Chaplain 

Early  Years 

.  Born  m  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania,  on  May 
4,  1966,  to  Robert  and  Jean  Belles  Harry 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Wyoming  Valley  West  High  School, 
Plymouth,  PA,  1984;  B.A.  in  Elementary 
Education,  Berea  College,  1988;  Master  of 
Divinity,  Duke  University,  1994. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Minister,  Trmity  United  Methodist  Church, 
'■  Raleigh,  2000-Present;  Minister,  Franklinton 
United  Methodist  Church,  Franklinton,  1998- 
2000;  Associate  Minister,  Highland  United 
Methodist  Church,  Raleigh,  1994-1998. 

Political  Activities 

Chaplain,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-1998  and  2003-Present. 

Business^Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Urban  Ministries  of  Wake  County  Board,  2001-2002;  Rex  Hospital  Institutional 
! Review  Board,  1996-1998;  Crabtree  Valley  Youth  Leadership  Board,  1995-1998. 

PersonallnformatUm 

:•  Married  Robin  Greene  Harry.    Two  children. 


579 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


James  Brantley  Lambeth,  Jr. 

Chaplain,  N.C.  House 
(deceased  October  29,  2003) 

EdiicatioiialBacfigrr)und 

Bachelor  ol  Science  Economics,  N.C.  State 
Uni\'ersily,  1967;  Masters  of  Divinity,  Union 
Theological  Seminary,  Richmond  Virginia, 
1980-1983. 

ProfessiotialBackground 

Pastor,  Western  Boulevard  Presbyterian 

Church,    Raleigh,    2002-Present;    Pastor 

Frankm  Presbyterian  Church,  Franklin,  YA., 

1994-2002;  Paster  East  Presbvtenan  Church, 

Charlotte,     N.C,     1988-1994;     Pastor, 

Westminister  Presbyterian  Church,  Whiteville,  j 

N.C,  1983-1988.  I 

Political  Activities  I 

Chaplain,  N.C  House.  j 

Busijiess/P}X)fessional,  Cliaiitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

Board  Member,  A\'ent  West  Community  Development  Corporation,  2002-Present; 
Member,  Wake  Interfaith  Alliance,  2002-Present;  Adjunct  Faculty,  Chowan  College 
(Taught  Introduction  to  the  Bible),  2000-2001;  Board  Chair,  Kuwayes  (Support 
Group  for  Presbyterian  Homes  and  Family  Services,  Zuni,  VA.  Home),  1997-2002; 
Board  Chair,  Franklin  Cooperati\'e  Ministry,  1997-2002;  Racial  Harmony  Network, 
V.A.,  1997-1998;  z'\dvisory  Board  Member,  Southampton  County  Hospice,  V.A., 
1997-1999;  Chaplain  and  Board  Member,  Personal  Touch  Hospice,  V.A.,  1998- 
1999;  Organization  Committee  lor  Mecklenburg  County  Superpantry,  1993-1994; 
Organizamg  Board  Member,  N.C.  Hunger  Network,  1991-1994;  Unity  Committee 
-  Producer  ot  Statewide  Simulcast  TV  Production  on  Hunger  and  Poverty  in  N.C, 
1993-1994. 


580 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


Robert  Samuels 

^N.C.  House  Sergeant- at- Arms 

Early  Years 

Born  in  High  Point,  Guilford  County,  on 
November  24,  1930,  to  Albert  Phillip  and 
Jocie  Leona  Samuels. 

EducationalBackground 

High  Point  High  School,  1949;  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1954;  N.C.  Highway  Patrol  School. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Chief  Deputy,  Mecklenburg  County  Sheriffs 
Department,  1985-95;  N.C.  State  Highway 
:Patrol,  1954-85. 

\  Political  Activities 

;Sergeant-at-Arms,  N.C.  House  of 
Representatives,  1999-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member,  National  Legislative  Services  and  Security  Association;  Mason,  Southern 
Pines  Lodge  484;  Shriner  Oasis  Temple,  Charlotte;  Fraternal  Order  of  PoUce. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

iBoard  of  Trustees  (Past  Chair)  and  Member,  Finance  Committee,  Commonwealth 
L^nited  Methodist  Church,  Charlotte. 

Military  Service 

iU.S.  Marine  Corps,  1951-54. 

iPersonallnfbrmation 

jMarried,  Jackie  Moore  Samuels.  Three  children.  Three  grandchildren.  Member, 
United  Commonwealth  Methodist  Church,  Charlotte. 


581 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

John  H.Young 

N.C.  House  Acting  Reading  Clerk 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Birmingham,  AL,  on  July  28,  1942,  to  Bonnie  Westbrook. 

EducationalBacligixnmd 

Madison  Counly  High  School,  GA,  1960;  B.A.,  Emory  University,  1964;  MPH, 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1969. 

Political  Activities 

Acting  Reading  Clerk,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  2003-Present. 

Personalln/bnnation 

Married,  Cheryl  Grant  Young.  One  child.  Member,  West  Raleigh  Presbyterian  Church. 


582 


I  THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

1 2003-2004  N.C.  House  Committees 

I  Representatives  Hackney,  Baddour,  Cunningham,  Dedmon  and  Earle  are  ex-officio 
members  of  all  committees. 

Aging 

Chair:  Insko 

'  Vice-Chair:  Clary 
Members:  Culp,  Earle,  Gillespie,  Lucas,  Warwick,  Weiss,  E.  Wilson 

Agriculture 

;  Chair:  Hill 

Vice-Chairs:  Bell,  Cox,  league,  Warwick 

I  Members:  Baker,  Bonner,  Buchanan,  Coates,  Culp,  Davis,  Eddins,  Fox,  Hilton,  Kiser, 
Mitchell,  Nye,  Owens,  Rogers,  Russell,  Tolson,  Tucker,  Underhill,  E.  Warren, 
Weatherly,  G.  Wilson,  Yongue 

Alcoholic  Beverage  Control 

Chair:  Gibson 

Vice-Chair:  Hensley 

f 

Members:  Baker,  Creech,  Hall,  Hunter,  McMahan,  Morris 

Appropriations 

.  Chairs:  Easterlmg,  Oldham,  Redwine,  Thompson 

■Vice-Chairs:  Crawford,  Owens 

'Members:  Adams,  Allred,  Arnold,  Baker,  Barbee,  Barefoot,  Barnhart,  Bell,  Blue,  Bonner, 
Bowie,  Boyd-Mclntyre,  Brubaker,  Carpenter,  Church,  Clary,  Coates,  Cole,  Crawford, 

j  Creech,  Culp,  Culpepper,  Daughtry  Davis,  Dockham,  Earle,  Ellis,  Esposito,  Fox, 
Gillespie,  Goodwin,  Grady,  Gulley  Haire,  Hall,  Hamngton,  Hensley,  Hiatt,  Hilton, 
Holmes,  Howard,  Hunter,  Insko,  Jeffus,  Justus,  Kiser,  Lucas,  McAllister,  McLawhorn, 
Michaux,  Miller,  Mitchell,  Morgan,  Nesbitt,  Nye,  Preston,  Rogers,  Russell,  Saunders, 
Setzer,  Sexton,  Sherrill,  Shubert,  Smith,  Sutton,  Teague,  Tolson,  Tucker,  Underhill, 
Walend,  Walker,  Warner,  E.  WaiTen,  Warwick,  Weatherly,  West,  G.  Wilson,  Wright, 
Yongue 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Capital 

Chair:  Wnght 

jMembers:  Allred,  Arnold,  Boyd-Mclntyre,  Brubaker,  Crawford,  Daughtry,  Earle,  Ellis, 
Fox,  Gillespie,  Grady,  Haire,  Holmes,  Howard,  Jeffus,  Justus,  Kiser,  Miner,  Nesbitt, 
Sherrill,  Shubert,  Tolson 


583 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Education 

Chairs:  Boyd-Mclni)Te,  Rogers,  Yongue 

Members:  Barnhart,  Bell,  Bonner,  Carpenter,  Holmes,  McLawhom,  Michaux,  Morgan, 
Preston,  Russell,  Smith,  league,  Warner 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  General  Government 

Chairs:  JelTns,  Shemll 

Members:  Adams,  Barefoot,  Lucas,  Setzer,  G.  Wilson 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Health  and  Human  Ser\ices 

Chairs:  Earle,  Nye 

Members:  Church,  Claiy,  M.  Crawford,  Creech,  Esposito,  Insko,  Wright 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Information  Technology 

Chairs:  Tolson,  Tucker 

Members:  Baker,  fiarrington,  Hensley,  Hilton,  Miller,  Walend 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Justice  and  Public  Safety  j 

Chairs:  Culpepper,  Haire 

\ 

Members:  Goodwin,  Hall,  Justus,  Kiser,  Sexton  j 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Natural  and  Economic  Resources 

Chairs:  Fox,  Owens  \ 

Vice-Chair:  E.  Warren 

Members:  Gulp,  Hunter,  Mitchell,  Underbill,  Walker,  Vv^i-wick,  Weatherly,  West 

Appropriations  Subcommittee  on  Transporiation  f 

Chairs:  Cole,  Crawford 

Meml^ers:  Barbee,  Blue,  Coates,  Davis,  Dockham,  Gulley  Hiatt,  McAllister,  Saunders. 
Sutton 

Children,  Youth  and  Eamilies 

Chairs:  Boyd-McIntyTe,  Hunter 

Vice-Chair:  Warren  ' 

Members:  Alexander,  Barnhart,  Easterlmg,  Hiatt,  Jeffus,  Johnson,  McAllister,  Mitchell 
Morris,  Pope 

Congressional  Redistricting  j 

Chairs:  McMahan,  Wright 


584 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

Vice-Chairs:  Alexander,  Dockham,  Hill,  Thompson 

Member:  Adams,  Boyd-Mclntyre,  Buchanan,  Clary,  Cox,  Creech,  Culpepper, 
Cunningham,  Daughtry,  Davis,  Decker,  Ellis,  Fox,  Gibson,  Gillespie,  Goodwin, 
Gray,  Hurley,  Jarrell,  McCombs,  Michaux,  Miner,  Mitchell,  Morris,  Nesbitt,  Pope, 
Russell,  Saunders,  Sexton,  Willingham,  Tolson,  Walend,  Warner,  Warren. 

Cultural  Resources 

Chair:  Barefoot 

Vice-Chair:  Adams 
f  Members:  Buchanan,  McLawhom,  Miner,  Mitchell,  Morgan,  Womble 

Economic  Growth  and  Community  Development 

Chairs:  Cole,  Morns 

Vice-Chair:  Holliman 

Members:  Alexander,  Carpenter,  Crawford,  Goodwin,  Hunter,  Walend,  West,  Womble 

Education 

■  Chairs:  Bonner,  Warner 

,  Vice-Chair:  Jeffus 

Members:  Alexander,  Allen,  Arnold,  Barefoot,  Barnhart,  Bell,  Blust,  Bowie,  Boyd-McIntyre, 
Carpenter,  Coates,  Cox,  J.  Crawford,  M.  Crawford,  Creech,  Dockham,  Edwards, 
Esposito,  Fox,  Goodwin,  Gulley,  Haire,  Hensley  Hiatt,  Hilton,  Holmes,  Insko, 
Johnson,  Lucas,  McCombs,  McLawhorn,  McMahan,  Michaux,  Miller,  Morgan, 
Nesbitt,  Nye,  Oldham,  Owens,  Pope,  Rayfield,  Russell,  Sexton,  Sherrill,  Smith, 
Thompson,  Tolson,  Tucker,  Underbill,  Walend,  Walker,  EWarren,  Warwick,  Weiss, 
West,  Womble 

Education  Subcommittee  on  Community  Colleges 

.Chair:  McLawhom 

I  Vice-Chairs:  Arnold,  Smith,  Womble 

I  Members:  Allen,  Bowie,  Carpenter,  Cox,  Goodwin,  McCombs,  Oldham,  Rayfield,  Sexton, 
Tolson,  Walend,  West 

{Education  Subcommittee  on  Pre- School,  Elementary  and  Secondary 

Education 

Ij  Chair:  Warren 

1 

Vice-Chairs:  Coates,  Tucker 

Members:  Bell,  Crawford,  Dockham,  Edwards,  Gulley,  Hensley  Hiatt,  Johnson,  Lucas, 
Miller,  Nesbitt,  Nye,  Pope,  Russell,  Sherrill,  Underbill,  Walker,  Warwick,  Weiss 

585 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Education  Subcommittee  on  Unirersities 

Chair:  Insko 

Vice-Chairs:  Hairc,  Htilmes 

Members:  Alexander,  Barelool,  Barnharl,  Bkisl,  Boycl-Mchiiyre,  Crawford,  Creech, 
Esposito,  Fox,  Hilton,  McMahan,  Michaux,  Morgan,  Owens,  Thompson 

Election  Lan  and  Campaign  Finance  Refonn 

Chair:  Alexander 

Vice-Chairs:  Michaux,  Nesbitt 

Members:  Arnold,  Blue,  Bonner,  Church,  Daughtiy,  Decker,  Goodwin,  Justus,  Kiser, 
Luebke,  Moms,  Rayfield,  Redwine,  Rogers,  Stames,  Thompson,  Weatherly,  Weiss: 

En\ironment  and  Natural  Resources 

Chairs:  Gibson,  McComas,  Wai-wick 

Vice-Chairs:  Cox,  Underbill,  Weiss  ' 

Members:  Allen,  Bowie,  Gulp,  Davis,  Gray,  Gulley,  Hackney,  Hill,  Insko,  Luebke, 
McCombs,  Miner,  Mitchell,  Preston,  Smith,  Tucker,  Warner,  Weatherly  I 

Ethics  \ 

Chair:  Yongue 

Vice-Chair:  Gray 

Members:  Brubaker,  Esposito,  Holmes,  Hurley,  Morgan,  Saunders,  Sutton,  WaiTcn 

Ex- Officio  of  All  Committees  Except  Redistiicting 

Members:  Baddour,  Cunningham,  Dedmon,  Earle,  Hackney 

Einance 

Chairs:  Allen,  Buchanan,  Luebke,  Wainwnght 

Vice-Chairs:  Hill,  Jarrell 

Members:  Alexander,  Blust,  Capps,  Cox,  Creech,  Decker,  Dedmon,  Eddms,  Edwards. 
Gibson,  Gray,  Hackney,  Holliman,  Hurley,  Johnson,  McComas,  McCombs. 
McMahan,  Moms,  Pope,  Ra)'field,  Starnes,  Weiss,  Willmgham,  Vv'ilson,  C.  Wilson 
Womble 

Financial  Institutions 

Chairs:  Church,  Vlorgan 

Vice-Chair:  McAllister 


586 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

Members:  Allred,  Brubaker,  Buchanan,  Cole,  Culpepper,  Dockham,  Gibson,  Grady, 
Hamngton,  Howard,  McLawhorn,  McMahan,  Michaux,  Miller,  Smith,  Wainwright, 
Walend 

Health 

Chair:  Wnght 

\'ice-Chair:  Edwards 

Members:  Allred,  Barnhart,  Brubaker,  Buchanan,  Clary,  Crawford,  Earle,  Howard,  Hunter, 
Insko,  Justus,  Nye,  Rogers,  Sherrill,  Wainwright 

Highway  Safety  and  Law  Enforcement 

■  Chairs:  Dedmon,  Kiser 

Members:  Bell,  Capps,  Cole,  Dockham,  league,  Yongue 

i 

j  Insurance 

Chairs:  Dockham,  Hurley 

Vice-Chairs:  Barbee,  Hall,  Wainwright 

■  Members:  Blue,  Brubaker,  Dedmon,  Dockham,  Grady,  Hunter,  Johnson,  Justus,  Redwine, 

Saunders,  Setzer,  Smith,  Warner,  C.  Wilson 

Judiciary  I 

^  Chair:  Hackney 

Vice-Chairs:  Blue,  Nesbitt 

; Members:  Alexander,  Arnold,  Blust,  Boyd-Mclntyre,  Clary  Gray,  Insko,  Redwine,  Sutton, 
'        Thompson,  Walker 

Judiciary  H 

'Chair:  Baddour 

j  Vice-Chair:  Haire 

'Members:  Bowie,  Culpepper,  Decker,  Gulley  Hall,  Jeffus,  Justus,  Miller,  Miner,  Pope, 
Shernll,  Weiss,  Willmgham 

Judiciary  HI 

Chair:  Goodwin 

Vice-Chairs:  Barefoot,  Michaux 

JMembers:  Bell,  Bonner,  Capps,  Cole,  J.  Crawford,  M.  Crawford,  Daughtiy,  Ellis,  Esposito, 
Fox,  Hensley  Holmes,  Jan-ell,  Kiser,  Russell,  Weatherly 


587 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Legislative  Redistiicting 

Chair:  Jusiis,  Suuon 

V'lcc-Chairs:  Baddour,  Cunningham,  Dcdmon,  Earle,  Gulley,  Hackney,  McComas, 
Morgan,  Shcrnll 

Members:  Allen,  Allred,  Barbee,  Blue,  Bonner,  Brubaker,  Buchanan,  Church,  J.  Crawford, 
Culp,  Eddins,  Esposito,  Grady,  Haire,  Hiatt,  Holmes,  Kiser,  Luebke,  McLawhorn, 
Miner,  Nye,  Oldham,  Owens,  Rayfield,  Redwine,  Rogers,  Setzer,  Smith,  Wainwright, 
Wanvick,  Weatherly,  West,  G.  Wilson 

Local  Goveniment  I 

Chair:  Dedmon 

Vice-Chair:  McAllister 

Members:  Adams,  Buchanan,  Decker,  Ellis,  Gibson,  Hensle);  Hill,  Kiser,  Saunders,  Setzer, 
league 

Local  Goventmeiit  LL 

Chair:  JaiTell  \ 

Vice-Chair:  Hurley  j 

Members:  Barbee,  Capps,  Fox,  Gillespie,  Haire,  Owens,  Rogers,  Walker,  Warren,  West,; 
C.  Wilson,  G.  Wilson,  Womble  j 

Mental  Health 

Chairs:  J.  Crawtord  ; 

Vice-Chairs:  Esposito,  Insko 

Members:  Alexander,  Bell,  Carpenter,  M.  Caipenter,  Earle,  Gillespie,  HoUiman,  Lucas,j 
Rayfield,  Warwick,  G.  Wilson 

Military,  Veterans  and  Indian  Affairs 

Chairs:  Hurley  Warner 

Vice-Chair:  Lucas 

Members:  Da\ds,  Goodwin,  Hiatt,  McAllister,  Morris,  Sexton,  Shubert,  Smith,  Sutton  \ 

Pensions  and  Retirement 

Chair:  Michaux 

Vice-Chair:  Oldham 

Members:  Barbee,  Beriy,  Gray,  Horn,  McCombs,  McCraiy,  Morgan,  Ramsey,  Rogers, 
Tucker,  E.  WaiTen,  G.  Wilson,  Yongue  : 

i 


588 


I  THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 

Paisions  and  Retirement 

Chairs:  Barefoot,  Cox 

Vice-Chair:  McCombs 

,  Members:  Barbee,  Easterling,  Hensley,  Morgan,  Oldham,  Rogers,  Shubert,  Starnes,  Tolson, 
C.  Wilson,  G.  Wilson,  Yongue 

Public  Health 

Chairs:  Edwards 

Vice-Chair:  McAllister 
f Members:  Coates,  M,  Crawford,  Creech,  Easterling,  Hiatt,  Preston,  Underbill,  Weiss 

Public  Utilities 

I  Chair:  Smith 

Vice-Chairs:  McComas,  Saunders 

'Members:  Allred,  Brubaker,  Coates,  Culpepper,  Edwards,  Grady,  Holmes,  Hurley, 
McCombs,  Rogers 

Rules,  Calendar,  and  Operations  of  the  House 

! Chair:  Culpepper 

Vice-Chair:  Hackney 

Members:  Allen,  Allred,  Barefoot,  Bamhart,  Boyd-Mclntyre,  Buchanan,  J.  Crawford, 
Gulp,  Gibson,  Gulley,  Hill,  Jarrell,  Justus,  Luebke,  McComas,  McCombs,  McMahan, 
Michaux,  Morgan,  Rogers,  Setzer,  Sherrill,  Thompson,  Willingham,  Yongue 

Science  and  Technology 

jChairs:  Saunders,  Tolson 

Vice-Chair:  Miller 

I 

Members:  Boyd-Mclntyre,  Clary,  Gibson,  Gray,  Harrington,  Hilton,  Johnson,  Tucker, 
Wainwright,  Walend 

State  Government 

j 

■Chair:  Jarrell 

jVice-Chair:  Luebke 

.[Members:  Adams,  Baker,  Bonner,  Bmbaker,  Church,  Coates,  Cox,  M.  Crawford,  Creech, 
Gibson,  Hensley,  Holmes,  McComas,  Owens,  Preston,  Teague,  West 


ii 


589 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

State  Personnel 

Chairs:  Henslev,  Insko 

Members:  Bell,  Easierling,  Ellis,  Kiser,  Oldham,  Russell,  Shernll,  Underhill,  Walker 

Transportation 

Chairs:  All  red,  Saunders  i 

j 

Members:  Allen,  Buchanan,  Clary,  Cole,  J.  Crawford,  Culp,  Dedmon,  Earle,  Eddms, 
Gibson,  Gillespie,  Hill,  Holliman,  Lucas,  Luebke,  McComas,  McLawhorn,  Nye, 
Sexton,  Shernll,  Shuben,  Sutton,  league.  Walker,  Warwick,  C.  Wilson  \ 

Travel  and  Tourism 

Chairs:  Barefoot,  league  i 

I 
Vice-Chair:  Nesbitt  ' 

Members:  Earle,  Fox,  Hunter,  Jeffus,  Owens,  Preston,  Rayfield,  Shubert,  Weatherly       I 

j 
University  Board  of  Governors  Nominating  \ 

Chair:  Oldham  • 

Vice-Chairs:  Boyd-Mclntyre  ■ 

Members:  Allen,  Barbee,  Barnhart,  Bonner,  J.  Crawford,  Goodwin,  Grady,  Gray,  Gulley 
Haire,  Hensley,  Holmes,  Justus,  McComas,  McLawhorn,  McMahan,  Shernll  i 

Ways  and  Means 

Chair:  Allred 

Members:  Bowie,  Cox,  Decker,  Eddms,  Haire,  McMahan,  Michaux,  Morns,  Nye,  Oldham. 
Pope,  Redwme,  Starnes,  Weiss 

Wildlife  Resources  i 

Chair:  Gulley  i 

Members:  Bonner,  Buchanan,  Hensley,  Hiatt,  Lucas,  Sexton,  Smith,  West  ( 


590 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


2003-2004  Senate  Roster 


Name 

Marc  Basnight  (D) 

Scott  Thomas  (D) 
Clark  Jenkins  (D) 
Robert  Holloman  (D) 

„Tony  P.  Moore  (D) 
Cecil  Hargett  (D) 

John  H.  Kerr,  III  (D) 

|r.C.  Soles,  Jr.  (D) 
Patrick  J.  Ballentine  (R) 
Charles  Albertson  (D) 

'A.B.  Swindell  (D) 
Fred  Smith  (R) 

: David  F.  Weinstein  (D) 
Vernon  Malone  (D) 

ijohn  Carrington  (R) 
Eric  Miller  Reeves  (D) 

;  Richard  Stevens  (R) 

jWib  Gulley  (D) 
Tony  Rand  (D) 

Jeanne  H.Lucas  (D) 

(Larry  Shaw  (D) 
Harris  Blake  (R) 
Eleanor  Kinnaird  (D) 
Hugh  Webster  (R) 
William  R.  Purcell  (D) 

IjPhil  Berger  (R) 
Kay  R.  Hagan  (D) 

[Katie  G.  Dorsett  (D) 

IJerry  W  Tillman  (R) 


District 

First 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Thirteenth 

Fourteenth 

Fifteenth 

Sixteenth 

Seventeenth 

Eighteenth 

Nineteenth 

Twentieth 

Twenty-First 

Twenty-Second 

Twenty-Third 

Twenty-Fourth 

Twenty-Fifth 

Twenty-Sixth 

Twenty-Seventh 

Twenty-Eighth 

Twenty-Ninth 


Hometown 

Manteo 

New  Bern 

Tarboro 

Ahoskie 

Winterville 

Richlands 

Goldsboro 

Tabor  City 

Wilmington 

Beulaville 

Nashville 

Clayton 

Lumberton 

Raleigh 

Youngsville 

Raleigh 

Gary 

Durham 

Fayetteville 

Durham 

Fayetteville 

Pinehurst 

Carrboro 

Yanceyville 

Laurinburg 

Eden 

Greensboro 

Greensboro 

Archdale 


591 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2003-2004  Senate  Roster  (continued) 


Name 

Distiict 

Hometown 

John  A.  Garwood  (R) 

Thirtieth 

North  Wilkesboro 

Hamilton  Morton  (R) 

Thirty-First 

Wmston-Salem 

Linda  Garrou  (D) 

Thirt\'-Seeond 

J 

Winston-Salem 

Stan  Bingham  (R) 

Thirty-Third 

Denton 

Andrew  C.  Broek  (R) 

Thirty-Fourth 

MocksN'ille 

Fern  Shubert  iR) 

Thirty-Fifth 

J 

Marshville 

Fletcher  Hartscll  IR) 

Thirty-Sixth 

Concord 

Daniel  Clodfelter  (D) 

Thirty-Seventh 

Charlotte 

Ghaiiie  Dannelly  (D) 

Thirty-Eighth 

Charlotte 

Robert  A.  Rucho  (R) 

Thirty-Ninth 

Matthews 

Robert  Pittenger  (R) 

Fortieth 

Charlotte 

R.B.  Sloan,  Jr.  (R) 

Forty-First 

Mooresville 

James  Forrester  (R) 

Forty-Second 

Stanley 

David  W  Hoyle  (D) 

Forty-Third 

Gastonia 

Austin  M.  Allran  (R) 

Forty-Fourth 

Hickory 

Virginia  Foxx  (R) 

Forty- Fifth 

Banner  Elk 

Walter  H.  Dalton  (D) 

Fortv-Sixth 

Rutherfordton 

Joe  Sam  Queen  (D) 

Forty-Seventh 

WaynesviUe 

J 

Tom  Apodaca  (R) 

Forty-Eighth 

Hendersonville 

Stephen  M.  Metcalf  (D)  Forty-Ninth 

Asheville 

Robert  Carpenter  (R) 

Fiftieth 

Franklin 

592 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


2003-2004  House  of  Representatives  Roster 


\Name 

William  C.  Owens,  Jr.  (D) 

'  William  T.  Culpepper,  III  (D) 
Michael  A.  Gorman  (R) 
Charles  E.  Johnson  (D) 
Howard  J.  Hunter,  Jr.  (D) 
Arthur  J.  Williams  (D) 

:John.  D.  Hall  (D) 
Edith  D.  Warren  (D) 

I  Marian  N.  McLawhorn  (D) 
Stephen  A.  LaRoque  (R) 

i Louis  M.  Pate,  Jr.  (R) 

'  William  L.  Wainwnght  CD) 

•  Jean  R.  Preston  (R) 

1 

!  Keith  P  Williams  (R) 

W  Robert  Grady  (R) 

I  Carolyn  H.  Justice  (R) 

'Bonner  L.  Stiller  (R) 

j Thomas  E.  Wright  (D) 

paniel  E  McComas  (R) 

;Dewey  L.  Hill  (D) 

I 

Larry  M.  Bell  (D) 

Edd  Nye  (D) 

Joe  P  Tolson  (D) 

ijean  Farmer-Butterfield  (D) 

Bill  G.  Daughtridge,  Jr.  (R) 

Billy  J.  Creech  (R) 

Stanley  H.  Fox  (D) 

N.  Leo  Daughtry  (R) 

Paul  Miller  (D) 

Paul  Luebke  (D) 


District 

First 

Second 

Third 

Fourth 

Fifth 

Sixth 

Seventh 

Eighth 

Ninth 

Tenth 

Eleventh 

Twelfth 

Thirteenth 

Fourteenth 

Fifteenth 

Sixteenth 

Seventeenth 

Eighteenth 

Nineteenth 

Twentieth 

Twenty-First 

Twenty-Second 

Twenty-Third 

Twenty-Fourth 

Twenty-Fifth 

Twenty-Sixth 

Twenty-Seventh 

Twenty-Eighth 

Twenty-Ninth 

Thirtieth 


Hometown 

Elizabeth  City 

Edenton 

Trent  Woods 

Greenville 

Ahoskie 

Washington 

Scotland  Neck 

Farmville 

Grifton 

Kinston 

Mount  Olive 

Havelock 

Emerald  Isle 

Hubert 

Jacksonville 

Hampstead 

Oak  Island 

Wilmington 

Wilmington 

Whiteville 

Clinton 

Elizabethtown 

Pinetops 

Wilson 

Rocky  Mount 

Clayton 

Oxford 

Smithheld 

Durham 

Durham 


593 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2003-2004  House  of  Repre. 

sentatives  Roster  (eontinued) 

Name 

District 

Hometown 

Henry  M.  Michauxjr.  (D) 

Thiriy-First 

Durham 

James  W  Grawle^rd,  Jr.  (D) 

Thirty-Second 

Henderson 

Bernard  Allen  (D) 

Thirtv-Third 

Raleigh 

Don  Muntord  (R) 

Thirty-Eourth 

Raleigh 

Jennifer  Weiss  (D) 

Thirty-Eifth 

Gary 

Da\-id  VV.  Miner  (R) 

Thirtv-Sixth 

Gary 

Paul  Slam  (R) 

Thirty-Seventh 

Apex 

Deborali  K.  Ross  (D) 

Thirty-Eighth 

Raleigh 

J.  Sam  Ellis  (R) 

Thirty-Ninth 

Raleigh 

Rick  L.  Eddms  (R) 

Eortieth 

Raleigh 

Margaret  H.  Dickson  (D) 

Eortv-Eirst 

Fayetteville 

Marvin  W.  Lucas  (D) 

Eortv- Second 

Spring  Lake 

Mary  McAllister  (D) 

Eorty-Third 

Fayette\dlle 

J 

Rick  Glazier  (D) 

Eorty-Eourth 

Fayetteville                          : 

Alex  Warner  (D) 

Eorty-FiFth 

J 

Hope  Mills                          1 

Douglas  Y.  Yongue  (D) 

Eortv-Sixth 

Laurmburg                          ■ 

Ronnie  N.  Sutton  (D) 

Forty-Seventh 

Pembroke                           \ 

Donald  A.  Bonner  CD) 

Forty-Eighth 

Rowland 

Lucy  T.  Allen  (D) 

Fortv-Nmth 

Louisburg                          i 

J.  Russell  Gapps  (R) 

Fiftieth 

Raleigh                               •, 

John  I.  Sauls  (R) 

Fiftv-First 

Sanford                               ] 

Richard  T.  Morgan  (R) 

Eiftv-Second 

Pmehurst                            | 

David  R.  Lewis  (R) 

Fifty-Third 

Dunn                                   ; 

Joe  Hackney  (D) 

Fiftv-Fourth 

Ghapel  Hill 

Gordon  R  Allen  (D) 

Fifty-Fifth 

Roxboro 

Verla  G.  Insko  (D) 

Fifty-Sixth 

Ghapel  Hill 

Joanne  W  Bowie  (R) 

Fifty-Seventh 

Greensboro 

Alma  S.  Adams  (D) 

Fifty-Eighth 

Greensboro 

Maggie  Jeffus  (D) 

Fiftv-Ninth 

Greensboro 

Earl  Jones  (D) 

Sixtieth 

Greensboro 

594 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE 


CHAPTER    FIVE 


2003-2004  House  of  Representatives  Roster  (continued) 

District 

Sixty-First 


Name 

Steve  W  Wood  (R) 

John  M,  Blust  (R) 

;  Alice  L.  Bordsen  (D) 

Car>'  D.  Allred  (R) 

E.  Nelson  Cole  (D) 

P  Wayne  Sexton,  Jr.  (R) 

iArlie  Y.  Gulp  (R) 

\ 

>G.  Wayne  Goodwin  (D) 

iPryor  A.  Gibson  CD) 

"Bobby  H.  Barbee  (R) 

Larry  W.  Womble  (D) 

iEarline  W  Parmon  (D) 

J.  Curtis  Blackwood,  Jr.  (R) 

'Linda  P  Johnson  (R) 

jjeffrey  L.  Barnhart  (R) 

'W.  Eugene  McCombs  (R) 

ijLorene  T.  Coates  (D) 

: Harold  J.  Brubaker  (R) 

I  Julia  C.  Howard  (R) 

! Jerry  C.  Dockham  (R) 

'l.  Hugh  Holliman  (D) 

JW  Eugene  Wilson  (R) 

'R.  Tracy  Walker  (R) 

i Phillip  D.  Frye  (R) 

li  Mitch  Gillespie  (R) 

Walter  G.  Church,  Sr.  (D) 

Edgar  V  Starnes  (R) 

Mark  K.  Hilton  (R) 

I  Mitchell  S.  Seltzer  (R) 

James  A.  Harrell,  111  (D) 


Sixty-Second 

Sixty-Third 

Sixty-Fourth 

Sixty-Fifth 

Sixty-Sixth 

Sixty-Seventh 

Sixty-Eighth 

Sixty-Ninth 

Seventieth 

Seventy-First 

Seventy-Second 

Seventy-Third 

Seventy-Fourth 

Seventy-Fifth 

Seventy-Sixth 

Seventy-Seventh 

Seventy-Eighth 

Seventy-Ninth 

Eightieth 

Eighty-First 

Eighty-Second 

Eighty-Third 

Eighty-Fourth 

Eighty-Fifth 

Eighty-Sixth 

Eighty-Seventh 

Eighty-Eighth 

Eighty-Ninth 

Ninetieth 


Hometown 

High  Point 

Greensboro 

Mebane 

Burlington 

Reidsville 

Eden 

Ramseur 

Rockingham 

Troy 

Locust 

Winston-Salem 

Winston-Salem 

Matthews 

Kannapolis 

Concord 

Faith 

Salisbury 

Asheboro 

Mocksville 

Denton 

Lexington 

Boone 

Wilkesboro 

Spruce  Pine 

Marion 

Valdese 

Granite  Falls 

Conover 

Catawba 

El  kin 


595 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2003-2004  House  of  Representatives  Roster  (continued) 


Name 

Rex  L.  Baker  (R) 

George  N4.  Holmes  (R) 
William  C.  McGee  (R) 
Kdiehael  R  Decker  (D) 
Karen  B.  Ray  (R) 
W.  Franklm  Mitchell  (R) 
Joe  L.  Kiser  (R) 
John  W.  Rhodes  (R) 
Drew  P.  Saunders  (D) 
James  B.  Black  (D) 
Beverly  M.  Earle  (D) 
Rebecca  A.  Carney  (D) 
Jim  Gulley  (R) 
Constance  K.  Wilson  (R) 
W  Edwin  McMahan  (R) 
Martha  B.  Alexander  (D) 
W.  Pete  Cunningham  (D) 
John  M,  Rayfield  (R) 
Patrick  T.  McHenry  (R) 
Debbie  A.  Clary  (R) 
Tim  K.  Moore  (R) 
Dr.  Bob  England  (D) 
Trudi  Walend  (R) 
Martin  L.  Nesbitt,  Jr.  (D) 
D.  Bruce  Gotorth  (D) 
Wilma  M.  Sherrill  (R) 
Carolyn  K.  Justus  (R) 
Raymond  C.  Rapp  (D) 
R.  Phillip  Haire  (D) 
Rc^ger  West  (R) 


Distiict 

Ninety-First 

Ninety-Second 

Ninety-Third 

Ninety-Fourth 


Hometown 

King 

Hamptonyille 

Clemmons 

Walkertown 

Mooresyille 

Olm 

Vale 

Cornelius 

Huntersyille 

Matthews 

Charlotte 


Ninety-Fifth 

Ninety-Sixth 

Nmety-Seyenth 

Ninety-Eighth 

Ninety-Ninth 

One  Hundredth 

One  Hundred-First 

One  HuncJred-Second  Charlotte 

One  Hundred-Third  Matthews 

One  Hundred-Fourth  Charlotte 

One  Hundred-Fifth  Charlotte 

One  Hundred-Sixth  Charlotte 

One  Hundred-Seyenth  Charlotte 

One  Hundred-Eighth  Belmont 

One  Hundred-Ninth  Gastoma 

One  Hundred-Tenth  CherrxTille 

One  Hundred-Eleyenth  Shelby 

One  Hundred-Twelfth  Ellenboro 

One  Hundred-Tlnrteentli  Brex'ard 

One  Hundred-Fourteenth  AshexiUe 

One  Hundred-Fifteenth  Ashcxalle 

One  Hundred-Sixteenth  Ashe  \'i  1 1  e 

One  Hundred-Seventeenth  Hendersonville 

One  Hundred-Eighteenth  Mars  Hill 

One  Hundred-Nineteenth  SyK'a 

One  Hundred-Twentietli  Marble 


596 


THE    STATE    LEGISLATURE  CHAPTER    FIVE 


597 


1 


THE    JUDICIAL     BRANCH  CHAPTER     SIX 


The  Judicial  Branch 

North  Carolina's  court  system  had  many  levels  before  the  judicial  branch 

underwent  comprehensive  reorganization  in  the  late  1960s.  Statewide,  the  N.C. 

Supreme  Court  had  appellate  jurisdiction,  while  the  Superior  Court  had  general 

trial  jurisdiction.  Hundreds  of  Recorders  Courts,  Domestic  Relations  Courts,  Mayors 

Courts,  County  Courts  and  Justice  of  the  Peace  Courts  created  by  the  General 

Assembly  existed  at  the  local  level,  almost  every  one  individually  structured  to  meet 

the  specific  needs  of  the  towns  and  counties  they  served.  Some  of  these  local  courts 

stayed  in  session  on  a  nearly  full-time  basis;  others  convened  for  only  an  hour  or 

two  a  week.  Full-time  judges  presided  over  a  handful  of  the  local  courts,  although 

^most  were  not  full-time.  Some  local  courts  had  judges  who  had  been  trained  as 

daw^'ers.  Many,  however,  made  do  with  lay  judges  who  spent  most  of  their  time 

[Working  in  other  careers.  Salaries  for  judges  and  the  overall  administrative  costs 

Ivaried  from  court  to  court,  sometimes  differing  even  within  the  same  county.  In 

Isome  instances,  such  as  justices  of  the  peace,  court  officials  were  compensated  by 

the  fees  they  exacted  and  they  provided  their  own  facilities. 

As  early  as  1955,  certain  citizens  recognized  the  need  for  professionalizing  and 
streamlining  the  court  system  in  North  Carolina.  At  the  suggestion  of  Governor 
Luther  Hodges  and  Chief  Justice  M.V.  Barnhill,  the  North  Carolina  Bar  Association 
sponsored  an  in-depth  study  that  ultimately  resulted  m  the  restructuring  of  the 
court  system.  Implementing  the  new  structure,  however,  required  amending  Article 
IV  of  the  State  Constitution.  In  November,  1962,  the  citizens  of  North  Carolina 
■approved  an  amendment  authorizing  sweeping  changes  in  the  states  judicial  branch. 
.There  was  not  enough  time  between  the  passage  of  the  amendment  and  the  convening 
: of  the  1963  General  Assembly  to  prepare  legislation  to  implement  the  changes. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1963  created  a  Courts  Commission  and  charged  it 
jWith  preparing  the  new  legislation.  The  Courts  Commission  began  its  study  soon 
lafter  the  adjournment  of  the  session.  The  1965  General  Assembly  approved 
legislation  containing  the  commissions  recommendations  for  structuring  a  new 
court  system.  The  constitutional  amendment  and  resulting  legislation  created  an 
Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts  and  established  the  framework  for  the  District 
Court  Division. 

During  the  late  1950s  and  early  1960s,  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina 
was  one  of  the  busiest  in  the  country.  Faced  with  an  increasing  number  of  cases 
dealing  with  its  customary  judicial  business  and  a  number  of  post-conviction  appeals 
based  on  constitutional  issues  resulting  from  recent  United  States  Supreme  Court 
decisions,  the  court  was  becoming  overburdened.  This  situation  led  the  1965 

JTHFIDDICIAL  BRANCH 

599 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

General  Assembly  lo  submit  a  proposed  amendment  to  Article  IV  of  the  North 
Carolina  Ccmst nation.  The  new  amendment  authorized  the  creation  of  an 
intermediate  court  o{  appeals  to  relieve  pressure  on  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  by 
sharing  the  appellate  caseload.  Voters  overwhelmingly  approved  this 
recommendation  in  the  November,  1965,  election.  The  1967  General  Assembly 
enacted  the  necessary  legislation  establishing  the  North  Carolina  Court  of  Appeals. 
The  C.ouri  ol  Appeals  became  operational  on  October  1,  1967. 

The  constitutional  changes  and  legislation  of  the  1960s  created  the  states  current 
multi-level  court  svstem.  The  judicial  branch  now  contains  two  trial  divisions,  the 
District  Court  Division  and,  alcove  it,  the  Superior  Court  Division,  The  Appellate 
Division  consists  ot  two  levels  —  the  Court  ot  Appeals  and  the  Supreme  Court. 
The  Administrative  Oilice  ot  the  Courts,  which  began  operations  in  1965,  provides 
administrati\'e  support  to  the  court  system  at  all  levels. 

North  Carolmas  counties  still  play  an  important  role  m  keeping  the  wheels  of 
justice  turning  throughout  the  state.  Prior  to  the  reorganization  of  the  judicial  branch 
in  the  1960s,  counties  had  extensi\'e  funding  responsibility  for  the  operations  of 
various  courts  and  court  othcials.  The  court  retorms  established  a  unihed  General 
Court  of  Justice  and  the  state  assumed  responsibility  for  funding  and  administering 
x'irtually  all  court  operations.  Some  county  responsibilities,  however,  remain.  Each 
count)'  has  the  duty  to  adequately  furnish  and  maintain  a  courthouse  with  at  least 
one  courtroom  and  related  facilities.  In  certain  municipalities  where  the  General 
Assembly  has  authorized  additional  district  court  seats,  individual  municipalities 
provide  court  facilities. 

The  sheriff  of  each  county,  or  one  of  the  sheriffs  deputies,  performs  the  duties 
of  court  bailiff.  The  bailiff  opens  and  closes  courts,  carries  out  directions  ot  the 
judge  m  maintaining  order  during  court  sessions,  takes  care  ol  jurors  when  they 
are  deliberating  on  a  case  and  otherwise  assists  the  judge.  A  court  reporter  records 
the  proceedings  in  most  ot  the  cases  tried  in  superior  court. 

Jurors  are  drawn  for  each  term  ot  court  by  aii  independent  three-member  jury 
commission  m  each  count)'.  The  commissions  select  names  at  random  from  their 
county s  voter  registration  records,  the  list  of  licensed  drivers  residing  m  the  county, 
and  any  other  sources  deemed  reliable.  Each  name  is  given  a  number  and  the  clerk 
of  superior  court  draws  prospective  juror  numbers  at  random  trom  a  box.  Drawn; 
numbers  are  matched  to  names  held  by  the  register  of  deeds  and  the  sherift  summons  i 
jurors  from  the  resulting  list.  No  occupation  or  class  ol  person  is  summarily  excused! 
trom  jury  service.  State  law,  m  fact,  specifically  declares  jury  service  an  obligation  of' 
citizenship  to  be  discharged  by  all  qualified  citizens.  The  chief  district  court  judge! 
hears  all  requests  to  be  excused  from  juiy  service.  ; 

The  states  court  system  currently  contains  the  following  judicial  bodies:  : 


600 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina 

The  Supreme  Court,  the  highest  court  in  North  CaroUna's  state  judicial  branch, 
has  functioned  as  an  appellate  court  since  1805.  Prior  to  1819  the  courts  members 
also  acted  as  trial  judges,  holding  terms  in  the  different  counties.  The  Supreme 
Court  does  not  use  juries  and  it  makes  no  determinations  of  fact.  Instead  the  court 
focuses  on  claims  of  error  m  legal  procedures  or  in  judicial  interpretation  of  the 
law.  It  hears  oral  arguments  on  the  written  record  of  cases  previously  tried  by  the 
superior  courts,  district  courts  and  certain  administrative  agencies  and  commissions. 

The  only  original  case  jurisdiction  exercised  by  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  involves 
;he  censure  and  removal  of  judges  upon  the  non-binding  recommendation  of  the 
fudicial  Standards  Commission.  The  N.C.  Supreme  Court  hears  all  cases  involving 
:onstitutional  questions  or  in  which  there  has  been  dissent  among  members  of  the 
[Ilourt  of  Appeals.  The  Supreme  Court  may,  at  its  discretion,  review  Court  of  Appeals 
decisions  in  cases  of  signihcant  public  interest  or  cases  involving  legal  principles  of 
najor  significance.  Appeals  of  first-degree  homicide  con\ictions  where  the  defendant 
las  been  sentenced  to  death  go  automatically  to  the  Supreme  Court  for  review. 
Automatic  review  is  also  available  in  Utilities  Commission  general  rate  cases.  In  all 
Dther  cases,  appeals  of  lower-court  or  administrative  agency  decisions  must  be  made 
10  the  Court  of  Appeals.  The  N.C.  Supreme  Court  may,  at  its  discretion,  hear  appeals 
lirectly  from  the  trial  courts  in  cases  involving  significant  public  interest,  cases 
.nvoMng  legal  principles  of  major  significance  where  delay  would  cause  substantial 
larm  or  when  the  Court  of  Appeals  docket  is  unusually  full. 

Since  1937  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  has  consisted  of  a  chief  justice  and  six 
associate  justices.  Prior  to  the  reforms  of  the  1960s,  the  courts  membership  varied 
Tom  only  three  members  (1818-1868;  1875-1889)  to  as  many  as  five  members 
^1868-1875;  1889-1937).  The  chief  justice  and  the  associate  justices  are  elected  by 
i:he  states  voters,  each  for  an  eight-year  term.  If  a  vacancy  occurs  during  a  term,  the 
:ovemor  appoints  an  interim  justice  to  fill  the  vacancy  until  the  next  general  election. 

The  N.C.  Supreme  Court  sits  to  hear  oral  arguments  m  its  courtroom  in  the 
justice  Building  in  Raleigh  with  the  chief  justice  presiding.  The  senior  ranking 
'ustice  presides  when  the  chief  justice  is  absent.  The  court  sits  en  banc  with  all 
nembers  present  to  hear  each  case.  Associate  justices  are  seated  alternately  to  the 
ight  or  left  of  the  chief  justice  according  to  their  seniority  in  years  of  ser\ace  on  the 
:ourt.  Administrative  officers  of  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  include  the  clerk,  the 
ibrarian  and  the  reporter,  all  of  whom  are  appointed  by  the  court  and  serve  at  its 
pleasure.  The  Appellate  Division  reporter  prepares  opinions  of  both  the  Supreme 
Zourt  and  the  Court  of  Appeals. 

For  more  information  regarding  this  topic,  please  refer  to  Martin  Brinkley's 
^iece.  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina:  A  Brief  History,  following  this  section. 


601 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

North  Carolina  Court  of  Appeals 

The  1965  conslitulional  amcndmcni  and  legislation  that  established  the  Court 
ol  Appeals  prox'ided  tor  a  total  ol  nine  judges  to  be  elected  lor  eight-year  terms.  The 
General  Assembly  created  three  additional  seats  on  the  court  in  1977,  bringing  the 
total  number  ol  judges  to  twelve.  December  15,  2000,  the  General  Assembly 
increased  the  number  ol  seats  to  lilteen.  The  bulk  ol  the  Court  ol  Appeals'  caseload 
consists  of  cases  appealed  Irom  the  trial  courts.  The  court  also  hears  direct  appeals 
ol  certain  adnunistralive  agency  decisions.  The  Court  ol  Appeals  sits  m  panels  of 
three  judges.  This  arrangement  allows  the  court  to  hear  arguments  in  separate  cases 
at  the  same  time.  The  chiet  justice  of  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  designates  one  of  the 
judges  ol  the  Court  of  Appeals  as  chiet  judge.  The  chief  judge  assigns  appellate 
judges  to  the  tour  panels  so  that  each  will  sit,  as  nearh'  as  possible,  an  equal  number 
of  times  with  every  other  judge.  The  Court  of  Appeals  sits  primarily  m  Raleigh, 
although  it  may  sit  in  other  locations  throughout  the  state  as  authorized  b\'  the 
Supreme  Court.  The  Court  of  Appeals  appoints  a  clerk  to  serve  at  its  pleasure. 
Opinions  ol  the  Court  ol  Appeals  are  prepared  by  the  Appellate  Division  reporter. 

Superior  Court 

North  Carolmas  superior  courts  are  the  general  jurisdiction  trial  courts  for  the 
state.  The  superior  court  has  original  jurisdiction  m  all  telony  cases  and  m  certain 
misdemeanor  cases.  Most  misdemeanants,  however,  are  tried  first  m  district  court 
and  con\'ictions  ma\-  be  apj^ealed  to  the  superior  court  tor  trial  de  novo  by  a  juiy. 
Superior  court  also  hears  civil  cases  where  the  amount  m  controversy  exceeds 
$10,000  and  it  has  jurisdiction  over  appeals  from  most  administrative  agencies.: 
Regardless  ol  the  amount  m  controversy,  the  original  civil  jurisdiction  oi  the  superior 
court  does  not  include  domestic  relations  cases,  probate  and  estates  matters.  Likewise, 
it  does  not  hear  certain  special  proceedings  that  are  instead  heard  first  by  the  clerk , 
ol  superior  court.  Rulings  of  the  clerk,  however,  are  within  the  appellate  jurisdiction 
of  superior  court. 

North  Carolmas  100  counties  are  grouped  into  superior  court  districts.  Each 
district  has  at  least  one  senior  resident  superior  court  judge  who  has  certain 
administrative  responsibilities  tor  his  or  her  home  district.  Resident  superior  court' 
judges  are  elected  by  statewide  ballot  to  otfice  for  eight-year  terms.  In  addition,  the 
governor  may  apjDoint  a  limited  number  ol  special  superior  court  judges  pursuant' 

to  statute. 

I 
Superior  court  districts  are  grouped  into  eight  divisions  for  the  rotation  of 

superior  court  judges.  Within  each  division,  resident  superior  court  judges  are, 

recjuired  to  rotate  among  the  superior  court  districts  and  hold  court  for  at  least  six 

months  in  each,  then  move  on  to  their  next  assignment.  Special  superior  court 

judges  may  be  assigned  to  hold  court  in  any  county.  The  chiet  justice  ol  the  N.Ci 

Supreme  Court,  assisted  by  the  Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts,  makes  all 

I 
602 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

assignments  of  superior  court  judges.  North  Carolina's  constitution  requires  that  at 
least  two  sessions  of  superior  court  be  held  in  each  county  every  year.  The  vast 
majority  of  counties  have  more  than  the  constitutional  minimum,  with  many  larger 
counties  having  superior  court  sessions  nearly  every  week  in  the  year. 

District  Court 

The  court  reorganization  m  three  phases  of  the  1960s  established  a  uniform 
system  of  district  courts  throughout  the  state.  In  December  of  1966,  district  court 
was  activated  in  22  counties,  followed  by  an  additional  61  counties  m  December, 
1968,  and  the  remaining  17  counties  in  December,  1970.  As  district  courts  opened 
m  each  judicial  district,  all  courts  below  the  level  of  superior  court  were  aboUshed. 
All  cases  pending  m  the  abolished  courts  were  transferred  to  the  dockets  of  the 
district  court  for  trial.  All  records  of  the  abolished  courts  were  transferred  to  the 
Ofhce  of  the  Clerk  of  Superior  Court,  who  is  required  to  maintain  a  system  of 
consolidated  records  of  both  superior  court  and  district  court.  Counties  were  relieved 
of  all  expenses  incident  to  the  operation  of  the  courts  except  the  expense  of  providing 
;  adequate  physical  faciUties. 

The  General  Assembly  has  grouped  North  Carolina's  100  counties  into  district 
court  districts.  District  court  must  sit  in  at  least  one  place  in  each  county  District 
court  has  exclusive  original  jurisdiction  of  virtually  all  misdemeanors  and  infractions 
; (non-criminal  violations  of  law  not  punishable  by  imprisonment),  probable  cause 
hearings  in  felony  cases,  all  juvenile  proceedings  and  mental  health  hospital 
commitments,  as  well  as  domestic  relations  cases.  It  also  exercises  jurisdiction  over 
civil  cases  where  the  amount  m  dispute  is  $10,000  or  less.  District  courts  provide 
jury  trial  upon  demand  in  civil  cases.  Appeals  of  civil  case  decisions  go  to  the  Court 
of  Appeals  on  questions  of  law  only.  District  courts  are  not  authorized  to  empanel 
juries  m  criminal  cases.  Appeals  of  district  court  decisions  in  criminal  cases  are  for 
Itrial  de  novo  before  a  jur)'  in  superior  court. 

One  or  more  district  court  judges  are  elected  to  four-year  terms  m  each  district, 
n  multi-judge  districts,  the  chief  justice  of  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  designates  one 
f  the  judges  as  chief  district  court  judge.  Subject  to  supervision  by  the  chief  justice, 
hief  district  court  judges  exercise  administrative  supervision  and  authority  over 
he  operation  of  the  district  courts  and  magistrates  in  the  district.  District  court 
udges  serve  full-time. 

Magistrates 

With  the  establishment  of  district  courts  in  all  of  the  states  counties,  the  office 
)f  justice  of  the  peace  was  abolished  and  replaced  by  the  newly-fashioned  position 
>f  magistrate.  Magistrates  function  within  district  court  as  subordinate  judicial 
fficials.   Appointed  by  the   senior  resident   superior  court  judge   upon 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

recommendaiion  ol  the  clerk  of  superior  couri,  magistrates  serve  a  term  of  two 
years.  The  chief  district  court  judge  supervises  magistrates  in  his  or  her  particular 
district.  Magistrates  exercise  extensive  authorities  within  the  district  court  division. 
Magistrates  tiy  certain  misdemeanor  worthless  check  cases  and  civil  suits  designated 
as  small  claims  cases.  They  may  also  accept  written  appearances,  waivers  of  trial 
and  pleas  of  guilty  or  admissions  of  responsibility  m  certain  misdemeanor  and 
infraction  cases,  as  well  as  conduct  initial  appearances,  grant  bail  before  trial  m 
non-capital  cases  and  issue  arrest  and  search  warrants. 

District  Attorneys 

North  Carolina  is  divided  into  prosecutorial  districts,  each  of  which  has  a  district 
attorney  who  is  elected  to  a  four-year  term.  District  attorneys  represent  the  state  m 
criminal  actions  brought  m  the  superior  and  district  courts  m  the  district  and  in 
juvenile  cases.  District  attorneys  are  also  responsible  for  ensuring  that  mtraction 
cases  are  prosecuted  efficiently  In  addition  to  prosecutorial  tunctions,  the  district 
attorney  in  each  district  is  responsible  for  calendaring  criminal  cases  for  trial. 

Public  Defenders  and  Other  Representation  for  Indigent  Persons 

The  state  provides  legal  counsel  m  a  variety  oi  actions  and  proceedings  for 
defendants  who  have  been  determined  by  a  judge  to  be  hnancially  unable  to  hire 
their  own  attorneys.  As  of  fiscal  year  2000-01,  there  were  11  public  defenders  and 
121  assistant  public  defenders  representing  indigent  persons  m  13  counties.  Public 
defenders  are  appointed  by  the  Senior  Resident  Superior  Court  Judge  lor  lour-year 
terms.  In  the  remaining  counties,  representation  oi  indigent  persons  is  provided 
almost  entirely  by  assignment  of  private  counsel.  Private  counsel  is  assigned  by  the 
court,  the  Office  of  Indigent  Defense  Services  and,  m  certain  circumstances,  the 
public  defender.  There  is  also  an  Appellate  Defender  Office  to  handle  criminal  defense 
services  for  indigent  persons  who  appeal  convictions  to  the  Supreme  Court  or 
Court  ol  Appeals. 

Commission  on  Indigent  Defense  Services 

The  Indigent  Senices  Act  of  2000  created  this  thirteen-member  commission. 
The  commission  and  its  staff,  the  Office  of  Indigent  Defense  Serxices,  are  located 
withm  the  judicial  branch,  but  exercise  their  prescribed  powers  independently  of 
the  AOC.  The  commission  and  the  director  of  the  Office  of  Indigent  Defense  Ser\'ices 
are  responsible  for  establishing,  supemsing  and  maintaining  a  system  tor  providing 
legal  representation  and  related  services  m  all  cases  where  indigent  persons  are 
entitled  to  representation  at  state  expense. 


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THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

Clerks  of  Superior  Court 

A  clerk  of  superior  court  is  elected  to  a  four-year  term  in  each  county.  The  clerk 
hears  and  decides  special  proceedings  such  as  adoptions,  condemnations,  partitions 
and  foreclosures.  The  clerk  also  serves  as  ex-ofhcio  judge  of  probate  and  performs 
record-keeping  and  administrative  functions  for  both  the  superior  and  district  courts 
of  the  county. 

Trial  Court  Administrators 

Across  13  superior  court  districts,  1 1  trial  court  administrators  assist  in  managing 
the  day-to-day  administrative  operations  of  the  trial  courts.  Their  responsibihties 
include  civil  case  calendaring,  improving  jury  utilization  and  establishing  and 
managing  local  court  rules.  Trial  administrators  are  appointed  and  supervised  by 
the  senior  resident  superior  court  judge. 

In  1994  Chief  Justice  James  G.  Exum  appointed  the  Commission  for  the  Future 
of  Justice  and  the  Courts  in  North  Carolina,  chaired  by  John  Medlm,  chairman  of 
Wachovia  Corporation.  The  commission's  mission  was  to  undertake  the  most 
comprehensive  revievv'  of  the  state  courts  since  the  present  structure  v/as  established 
in  the  1960s.  The  commissions  membership  and  operation  were  deliberately 
designed  to  ensure  that  its  examination  would  be  fresh  and  independent  and  the 
27-member  commission  included  no  active  member  of  the  judiciary.  The 
commission  met  for  two  years  and  issued  a  hnal  report  on  their  study.  Without 
Favor,  Denial  or  Delay,  m  December,  1996.  The  commission  concluded  that  sweeping 
reforms  were  needed  to  restructure  the  court  system  to  allow  the  most  effective  use 
of  existing  resources,  to  support  cost-efficient  investments  m  new  support  personnel 
and  technology,  to  clearly  assign  responsibiUty  and  provide  accountability,  to  better 
address  the  legal  problems  of  families,  to  protect  the  judiciary  from  pohtics,  to 
include  citizens  in  the  governance  of  the  courts  and  to  provide  flexibiUty  for  change 
in  an  unpredictable  future.  Many  of  the  commissions  recommendations  are  subjects 
of  legislative  interest  and  consideration. 

Several  on-going  commissions  are  important  to  the  work  of  the  Judicial  Branch: 

Judicial  Standards  Commission 

This  seven-member  commission  exists  as  the  appropriate  agency  to  investigate 
complaints  about  the  qualifications  or  conduct  of  any  justice  or  judge.  Upon 
recommendation  of  the  commission,  the  Supreme  Court  may  censure  or  remove  a 
judge  or,  when  an  action  less  severe  than  censure  or  removal  is  justified,  issue  a 
private  admonition. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sentencing  and  Policy^  Advisory  Commission 

Created  in  1990,  the  Senienemg  Commission  recommends  modifications  of 
sentencing  laws  and  policies  and  for  the  addition,  deletion  or  expansion  of  sentencing 
options.  The  commissions  prior  work  led  to  the  passage  and  implementation  of 
the  Structured  Sentencing  Act,  which  prescribes  sentencing  options  for  the  court 
based  on  the  severity  of  the  offense  and  the  prior  record  of  the  offender.  The 
commission  consists  of  29  members  drawm  from  all  three  branches  of  government, 
h'om  all  areas  oi  the  criminal  ]ustice  system  and  Irom  the  public. 

Coiiits  Commission 

The  28-member  Courts  Commission  consists  of  court  ofhcials,  attorneys, 
legislators  and  the  public.  It  exists  to  study  the  structure,  organization,  jurisdiction, 
procedures  and  personnel  within  the  North  Carolina  court  system  and  to  recommend 
to  the  General  Assembly  any  changes  that  will  facilitate  the  administration  of  justice. 

Judicial  Council 

The  new,  legislatively-created  Judicial  Council  convened  lor  the  first  time  in 
2000.  The  council,  modeled  after  similar  bodies  in  other  states,  is  comprised  of  17 
members  appointed  by  various  authorities.  The  council  studies  the  judicial  system, 
reviews  budgets  and  budget  priorities,  studies  judicial  salaries  and  benefits  and 
recommends  the  creation  of  judgeships. 

For  more  information  about  North  Carolina's  court  system,  call  North  Carolina 
Supreme  Court:  (919)  733-3723,  North  Carolina  Court  of  Appeals:  C919)  733- 
3561  or  N.C.  Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts  Public  Information  Office:  (919) 
733-7107.  You  can  also  visit  the  Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts  Web  site  at 
\v\w\'.  aoc  .state .  nc .  us . 


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THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

The  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina: 
A  Brief  History 

Contributed  by  Martin  H.  Brinkley 

The  legal  and  historical  origins  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  lie  in 
the  State  Constitution  of  1776,  which  empowered  the  General  Assembly  to  appoint 
'Judges  of  the  Supreme  Courts  of  Law  and  Equity"  and  'Judges  of  Admiralty"  Until 
1799,  however,  North  Carolina  had  no  appellate  court.  That  year,  two  of  the  states 
four  superior  court  judges  were  commissioned  to  gather  at  Raleigh  to  dispose  of 
appeals  involving  disputed  questions  of  law  that  had  arisen  on  the  judicial  circuits. 
Although  this  twice-yearly  gathering  of  trial  judges,  later  named  the  "Court  of 
Conference,"  carried  a  short  docket,  its  decisions  were  important  to  North  Carolina's 
infant  public  institutions.  In  1805,  for  example,  the  Court  of  Conference  declared 
unconstitutional  an  attempt  by  the  General  Assembly  to  deprive  the  University  of 
North  Carolina  of  property  it  had  acquired  through  its  right  to  escheats  (Trustees  of 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  v  Foy  5  N.C.  (1  Mur.)  58  (1805)).  The  courts 
invocation  of  the  due  process  (or  "law  of  the  land")  clause  of  the  state  Declaration  of 
Rights  to  invalidate  a  legislative  enactment  recalled  a  celebrated  en  banc  Superior 
Court  case  that  had  established  the  power  of  judicial  review  in  North  Carolina. 
(Bayard  v.  Singleton,  1  N.C.  (Mart.)  5  (1787)).  Together,  these  two  holdings  assured 
the  supremacy  of  the  North  Carolina  Constitution  as  the  fundamental  law  of  the 
state. 

By  an  1805  statute  the  Court  of  Conference  was  renamed  the  "Supreme  Court," 
although  its  composition  remained  the  same:  a  quorum  of  Superior  Court  judges 
sitting  en  banc  to  review  their  own  decisions.  In  1810,  the  court  became  a  tribunal 
of  public  record.  The  judges  were  ordered  to  reduce  their  opinions  to  writing  and 
deliver  them  viva  voce  (orally)  in  open  court,  for  which  they  were  paid  an  additional 
$50  per  year.  They  were  also  authorized  to  elect  from  their  number  a  chief  justice. 
John  Louis  Taylor,  a  twelve-year  veteran  of  the  North  Carolina  Superior  Court  bench, 
was  chosen  for  this  position.  By  the  same  act,  the  governor  was  directed  to  procure 
a  seal  and  motto  for  the  court.  Any  party  in  an  action  adjudicated  in  the  Superior 
Court  could  appeal  the  resulting  decision. 

Acting  upon  a  bill  introduced  by  William  Gaston  of  New  Bern,  the  General 
Assembly  in  November,  1818,  created  the  separate  Supreme  Court  contemplated 
by  the  1776  Constitution.  The  new  tribunal  was  to  be  composed  of  a  chief  justice 
and  two  "judges,"  and  was  commissioned  to  exercise  exclusive  appellate  jurisdiction 
over  questions  of  law  and  equity  arising  in  the  Superior  Courts.  The  legislators 
elected  John  Louis  Taylor,  Leonard  Henderson  and  John  Hall  the  first  members  of 
the  N.C.  Supreme  Court.  Empowered  to  elect  their  own  chiet  justice,  Judges 


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NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Henderson  and  Hall  chi^tse  Taylor  lo  fill  his  old  post.  The  hrst  meeting  of  the  court 
took  place  on  January  1,  1819.  The  court  began  holding  two  sittings,  or  "terms", 
per  year.  The  lirst  sitting  began  on  the  second  Monday  in  June  and  the  second  on 
the  last  Monda\'  m  December.  This  schedule  endured  until  the  Constitution  of 
1868  prescribed  the  hrst  Mondays  in  January  and  July  for  the  sittings.  Vacancies  on 
the  Court  were  filled  temporarily  by  the  governor,  with  the  assistance  and  advice  of 
the  Council  ol  State,  until  the  end  of  the  next  session  ot  the  General  x'Xssembly. 

The  General  Assembly  s  creation  of  an  independent  appellate  judiciary  ran  counter 
to  the  retorming  democratic  spirit  ot  Jacksonian  North  Carolina.  From  the  beginning 
opponents  objected  to  the  judges"  salaries,  which  at  $2,500  per  year  were  considered 
extravagant  (the  governors  salary  was  only  $2,000).  The  proMsion  allowing  judges 
to  "hold  ofiice  during  good  behavior"  —  a  virtual  guarantee  ot  life  tenure  —  angered 
retormers,  who  thought  the  Court  an  elitist  institution  too  far  remo\'ed  from  the 
people.  The  growing  population  of  the  western  counties,  naturally  given  to  criticizing 
an  unresponsive,  distant  state  government  dominated  by  eastern  planters,  protested 
the  long  journeys  their  lawyers  had  to  undertake  m  order  to  argue  cases  appealed 
from  the  overburdened  western  circuits  to  the  Supreme  Court.  Superior  Court  judges 
who  resented  being  reversed  on  appeal  added  their  xoices  to  the  chorus  of  opposition. 
The  enemies  of  the  Court,  Senator  Gaston  predicted  in  1821,  sought  to  "make  a 
mob  court  of  it  by  getting  the  [Superior  Court]  judges  on  it  and  thus  destroying  its 
most  valuable  features,  its  perfect  separation  from  the  tribunals  whose  decisions  it 
revises." 

Throughout  the  1820s,  legislators  who  believed  that  the  chief  justice  and  the  ' 
[\\'0  judges  should  be  elected  at  large  by  the  people  leveled  regular  attacks  at  the  ' 
Supreme  Court.  The  thm  reed  of  legislative  support  tor  the  Court  nearly  snapped  in  i 
1832,  when  a  bill  was  introduced  to  reduce  the  salaries  of  the  judges  from  $2,500  \ 
to  $2,000.  This  measure  and  others  sponsored  b\'  popuhst  politicians  throughout  ( 
the  1820s  and  1830s  —  including  a  proposed  1835  constitutional  amendment  j 
dissoh'ing  the  court  outright  —  were  defeated  m  large  measure  due  to  the  personal  j 
prestige  of  the  judges  themselves.  The  election  of  former  Superior  Court  Judge  and  | 
State  Bank  President  Thomas  Ruffin  to  the  bench  m  1829  effectively  ensured  the  | 
Courts  survR'al.  Ranked  b)'  Har\'ard  Law  School  Dean  Roscoe  Pound  as  one  oi  the 
ten  greatest  jurists  m  American  history,  Ruffin  smglehandedly  transformed  the  I 
common  law  of  North  Carolina  into  an  instrument  of  economic  change.  His  writings 
on  the  subject  of  eminent  domain  —  the  right  of  the  state  to  seize  prix-ate  property  { 
tor  the  public  good  —  pax'cd  the  way  tor  the  expansion  of  railroads  into  North  j 
Carolina,  enabling  the  so-called  Rip  Van  Winkle  State  to  embrace  the  Industrial 
Revolution.  Ruffins  opinions  were  cited  as  persuasix'c  authority  by  appellate  tribunals  ! 
throughout  the  United  States.  The  mfiuence  his  decisions  exercised  upon  the  nascent 


608 


THE    JUDICIAL     BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

jurisprudence  of  the  states  then  known  as  the  Southwest  (Alabama,  Louisiana, 
Tennessee,  Arkansas,  and  Mississippi),  which  were  settled  by  emigrating  North 
Carolinians  in  large  numbers,  made  Rufhn  a  celebrated  figure  at  home.  Public 
veneration  of  the  "stern  prophet,"  as  Ruffin  was  called,  preserved  his  Court  from 
destruction. 

The  accession  of  William  Gaston,  who  had  sponsored  the  1818  Supreme  Court 
bill  in  the  General  Assembly,  to  the  high  bench  in  1833  silenced  all  but  the  most 
radical  democrats  from  openly  declaring  their  opposition  to  the  Court.  More 
statesman  than  legal  technician,  Gaston's  concurrence  lent  weight  to  Rufhns  elaborate 
expressions  in  pohtically-charged  cases  such  as  Hoke  v.  Henderson,  15  N.C.  (4 
Dev.)  1  (1833)  in  which  the  Court  held  that  a  public  office  such  as  that  of  Supreme 
Court  judge  was  "property''  protected  by  the  "Law  of  the  Land"  clause  of  the  State 
Constitution.  The  respect  Rufhn  commanded  led  the  Court  to  avoid  overruling 
Hoke,  which  many  thought  an  incorrect  decision,  until  1903,  more  than  three 
decades  after  his  death.  Together  Gaston  and  Ruffin,  whom  his  colleagues  elected 
chief  justice  in  1833  (by  a  coin  toss,  according  to  a  popular  but  probably  apocryphal 
account),  dominated  their  less-talented  brother  judges,  rendering  treatise-like 
opinions  that  inspired  one  contemporary  to  exclaim:  "No  State  of  the  Union  .  .  .  not 
even  the  United  States,  ever  had  a  Superior  Bench;  few  ever  had  its  equal." 

The  N.C.  Supreme  Court  survived  the  Civil  War,  during  which  its  docket  was 
greatly  diminished,  under  the  able,  if  somewhat  domineering  leadership,  of  Chief 
Justice  Richmond  Pearson.  Four  major  reforms  befell  the  Court  as  a  result  of  North 
Carolina's  adoption  of  a  new  constitution  in  1868.  First,  m  an  extensive  revision  of 
the  judicial  article,  the  Court  became  a  constitutional  tribunal  that  owed  its  existence 
to  the  fundamental  law  of  the  state  rather  than  to  a  legislative  enactment.  (Although 
it  can  be  argued  that  the  1776  Constitution  had  commanded  the  creation  of  a  Supreme 
Court,  such  an  interpretation  apparently  was  never  advanced  by  the  Court's 
proponents  during  the  antebellum  period.)  Second,  the  number  of  judges  was 
increased  from  three  to  hve,  with  the  chief  justice  retaining  his  title  and  his  brethren 
recei\ing  the  appellation  "associate  justices."  Third,  the  selection  of  Supreme  Court 
judges  was  removed  from  the  General  Assembly  and  entrusted  to  popular  sovereignty. 
The  justices,  including  the  chief  justice,  were  to  be  elected  by  the  people  to  eight- 
year  terms.  In  the  event  of  a  vacancy,  the  governor  was  to  appoint  a  locum  tenens 
(temporary  judge)  to  sit  until  after  the  next  general  election  for  members  of  the 
General  Assembly  Finally,  in  a  progressive  move,  the  new  judicial  article  merged 
the  formerly  separate  law  and  equity  jurisdictions  of  the  Court  into  a  single  "form 
of  action  for  the  enforcement  or  protection  of  private  rights  or  the  redress  of  private 
wrongs." 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  final  decades  o'i  the  nineteenth  century  witnessed  rapid  change  m  the  Courts 
membership  as  conservative  Democrats  regained  pohtical  hegemony  following  the 
Republican  domination  of  Reconstruction.  Additional  constitutional  amendments 
reduced  the  Courts  membership  back  to  three  in  1876.  By  1888,  however,  the 
courts  crushing  workload,  made  public  by  the  early  death  ot  Justice  Thomas  S. 
Ashe  from  sheer  exhaustion,  led  North  Carolinians  to  ratify  an  amendment  restoring 
the  Courts  number  to  live. 

By  placing  the  selection  of  Supreme  Court  justices  m  the  hands  ot  the  populace, 
the  1868  Constitution  presaged  —  and  perhaps  rendered  inevitable  —  the  appellate 
judiciary's  descent  into  partisan  politics.  In  the  elections  of  1894  and  1896,  two 
Republicans,  David  M.  Furches  and  Robert  M.  Douglas  (son  of  Illinois  Senator 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  Abraham  Lmcolns  principal  opponent  m  the  presidential 
election  of  1860)  were  elected  to  the  Court.  In  1900  the  justices,  by  a  vote  of  four 
to  one,  declared  unconstitutional  important  legislation  enacted  by  the  Democratic 
General  Assembly  in  1899.  The  following  year  Furches,  whom  Republican  Governor 
Daniel  L.  Russell  appointed  chief  justice  m  1900  upon  the  death  of  Chief  Justice 
WT.  Faircloth,  and  Douglas  were  jointly  impeached  by  the  House  of  Commons  lor 
issuing  an  allegedly  unconstitutional  writ  of  mandamus  ordering  the  state  treasurer 
to  pay  out  money.  The  indictment  was  sustained  by  a  majority  of  the  Senate,  but 
did  not  receive  the  two-thirds  vote  necessary  to  convict  and  remove  the  justices 
from  office.  Furches  and  Douglas  each  served  out  his  elected  term  and  retired  from 
the  Court. 

The  N.C.  Supreme  Court  sat  m  the  State  Capitol  at  Raleigh  throughout  most  ot 
the  nineteenth  century,  retreating  to  the  meeting  house  of  Raleighs  First  Presbyterian 
Church  after  the  Capitol  burned  m  1831.  The  General  Assembly  passed  legislation 
in  1846  that  required  the  Court  to  hold  an  August  Term  in  Morganton  for  the 
convenience  of  law}'ers  from  the  western  counties.  This  practice  ceased  when  the 
outbreak  of  war  m  1861  made  travel  increasingly  dangerous.  For  the  rest  ot  the 
nineteenth  century,  "Morganton  decisions,"  rendered  m  the  absence  of  a  law  library, 
were  widely  disparaged  by  the  bar.  Law)Trs  sometimes  pointed  to  their  prox'enance 
as  evidence  of  inferior  quality.  From  1888  until  1940,  the  justices  successively 
occupied  buildings  on  the  north  and  south  edges  of  Raleighs  Union  Square.  The 
present  courtroom,  conference  room  and  the  chambers  of  the  justices  are  on  the 
third  floor  of  the  Justice  Building  (completed  m  1940),  where  the  members  of  the 
Court  work  throughout  the  year. 

The  lengthy  tenures  of  two  chief  justices,  Walter  Clark  (1903-24)  and  Walter  P 
Stacy  (1925-51),  saw  the  Supreme  Court  through  the  hrst  half  of  the  Twentieth 
Century  In  1936  the  judicial  article  of  the  State  Constitution  was  amended  to  provide 
that  the  Court  should  consist  of  a  chief  justice  and  not  more  than  six  associate 
justices.  The  General  Assembly  enacted  enabling  legislation  the  loUowmg  year  that 


610 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

authorized  the  governor  to  appoint  two  additional  associate  justices,  bringing  the 
membership  of  the  Court  to  its  current  composition  of  seven  members. 

The  Twentieth  Century  has  called  upon  justices  to  delineate  the  responsibilities 
and  limitations  of  a  burgeoning  state  bureaucracy.  Many  of  these  governmental 
controversies  have  at  their  root  questions  regarding  separation  of  powers:  the 
principle  that  the  executive,  legislative  and  judicial  branches  of  government  should 
be,  m  the  words  of  the  North  Carolina  Declaration  of  Rights,  "forever  separate  and 
distinct."  At  the  same  time,  the  Court  has  continued  to  labor  m  the  vineyards  of  the 
common  law,  expanding  it  as  required,  to  meet  the  demands  of  a  rapidly-changing 
state.  Justices  in  recent  years  have  occasionally  interpreted  the  State  Constitution  as 
a  more  capacious  vessel  of  individual  rights  than  its  federal  counterpart. 

Public  interest  in  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  as  an  institution  has  risen  over  the 
last  three  decades  as  a  series  of  "first"  justices  mounted  the  bench.  In  1970  Governor 
Robert  W  Scott  appointed  his  predecessor  in  the  Executive  Mansion,  Daniel  Killian 
Moore,  associate  justice.  Moore  became  the  first  former  governor  to  serve  on  the 
Supreme  Court.  The  election  of  Susie  Marshall  Sharp  —  the  first  woman  in  North 
Carolina  history  to  become  a  judge  of  Superior  Court  and  an  associate  justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  —  as  chief  justice  in  1974  marked  the  first  election  of  a  woman  to 
the  highest  judicial  post  of  any  state.  In  1983  Governor  James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.,  appointed 
Henry  E.  Frye,  a  Greensboro  lawyer,  associate  justice.  Frye  is  the  first  African- 
American  to  serve  on  the  Court.  Justice  Frye  made  history  a  second  time  in  1999 
when  he  became  the  hrst  African-American  to  serve  as  chief  justice  of  the  Court. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Chief  Justice  James  G.  Exum,  Jr.,  and  others,  the  General 
Assembly  in  1987  established  a  Judicial  Selection  Study  Commission  to  review 
North  Carolina's  method  of  judicial  selection  and  retention.  This  commission 
recommended  that  Supreme  Court  justices  be  appointed  rather  than  elected  and 
proposed  a  constitutional  amendment  creating  an  appointive  system.  An  amended 
version  of  this  plan  has  passed  the  Senate  repeatedly  in  recent  years,  but  has  failed 
to  garner  the  necessary  three-fifths  vote  in  the  House  of  Representatives.  Efforts  to 
eliminate  the  practice  of  electing  appellate  judges  will  likely  continue  in  forthcoming 
legislative  sessions. 

The  primary  function  of  the  N.C.  Supreme  Court  is  to  decide  questions" of  law 
that  have  arisen  in  the  lower  courts  and  before  state  administrative  agencies.  The 
justices  spend  most  of  their  time  outside  the  courtroom  reading  written  case  records, 
studying  briefs  prepared  by  lawyers,  researching  applicable  law  and  writing  opinions 
exposing  the  reasoning  upon  which  the  Courts  determinations  are  based.  The 
concurrence  of  four  justices  generally  is  required  for  a  decision.  Each  of  the  seven 
justices  participates  in  every  case,  except  in  unusual  situations  in  which  a  justice 
may  feel  compelled  to  recuse  himself  or  herself  from  sitting. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

In  addilion  lo  cases  awaiting  decision,  justices  consider  numerous  petitions  m 
which  a  party  seeks  to  bring  a  case  before  the  Court  tor  adjudication.  Although 
most  such  requests  are  denied,  the  justices  read  hundreds  of  records  and  briefs  and 
spend  man)-  hours  m  conference  deliberating  their  merits.  Each  justice  writes  several 
hundred  printed  pages  of  opinions  each  year.  These  opinions  are  published  in  the 
North  Carolina  Reports  and  m  sex'eral  unofficial  publications  and  may  be  lound  m 
major  law  libraries  throughout  the  world. 

The  North  Carolina  Supreme  Court  Historical  Society,  Inc.,  was  chartered  as  a 
non-profit  corporation  m  1992  to  preser\'e  and  celebrate  the  histoiy  ot  the  Supreme 
Court  of  North  Carolina,  as  well  as  heighten  public  appreciation  ol  the  histoiy  and 
achievements  of  North  Carolmas  entire  judicial  system.  The  society  is  composed 
of  judges,  court  officials,  lawyers  and  laypersons  and  membership  is  open  to  the 
public.  Contact  the  Supreme  Court  Librarian  for  more  mtormation. 

References 

Kemp  P.  Battle,  An  Address  on  the  History  of  the  Siiprcn]c  Courts  103  N.C.  339 
(1883). 

David  M.  Britt,  Update  of  the  History  of  the  Supreme  Court  oj  North  Carohmu  326 
N.C.  839  C1990). 

Walter  Clark,  History  of  the  Supreme  Court  oj  North  Carolina,  177  N.C.  617 
(1919). 

John  V.  Orth,  The  North  Carohna  State  Constitution:  A  Referenee  Guide  (1993). 


612 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


I.  Beverly  Lake,  Jr. 

Chief  Justice 

N.C.  Supreme  Court 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Raleigh,  Wake  County,  m  1934  to  Justice 
and  Mrs.  I.  Beverly  Lake,  Sr. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Wake  Forest  Grammar  and  High  Schools;  Mars  Hill 
College,  1951;  B.S.  m  History  and  English,Wake 
Forest  University,  1955;  J. D.,  Wake  Forest  University 
School  of  Law,  1960;  National  Judicial  College,  1987. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Chief  Justice,  N.C.  Supreme  Court,  1995-Present  (elected  1994);  Associate  Justice, 
N.C.  Supreme  Court,  1992  (appointed  1992);  Judge,  Superior  Court,  1985-1991; 
Governors  Legislative  Liaison  and  Chief  Lobbyist,  1985  Session;  Private  Practice, 
1976-1985;  Deputy  Attorney  General,  1974-76;  Assistant  Attorney  General,  1969- 
74;  Private  Practice,  1960-69. 

Business'Professional,  Charitahle/Cwic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member,  N.C.  Bar  Association;  Wake  County  Bar  Association;  Association  of 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  Practitioners;  Mason  and  Shriner. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

National  Advisory  Board,  Monitor  Research  and  Recovery  Foundation,  1975-79; 
Board  of  Visitors,  Wake  Forest  University  School  of  Law,  1995-Present;  Advisory 
Board,  Occoneechee  Council,  Boy  Scouts  of  America. 

Military  Service 

Intelhgence  Staff  Officer,  U.S.  Army  1956-58;  Member,  Staff  and  Faculty,  U.S.  Army 
Reserve  School,  1960-68  (Captain);  N.C.  State  Militia,  State  Staff  Judge  Advocate, 
1989-92  (Colonel). 

Honors  and  Awards 

Honorary  Doctor  of  Laws,  Campbell  University;  1958  and  1964  Commendation 
for  Meritorious  Service,  U.S.  Army;  1948  Eagle  Scout. 

Personallnfijrmation 

Married  to  Susan  Deichmann  Smith  Lake  of  New  Bern.  Four  children.  Eight 
grandchildren.  Member,  Ridge  Road  Baptist  Church,  Raleigh. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Edward  Thomas  Brady 

Associate  Justice, 
N.C.  Supreme  Court 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  10  Thomas  and  Virginia  Briggs  Brady. 

EducatiotialBacIigix)iiiid 

B.A.  in  Criminal  Justice,  Univerisiy  of  Nebraska  at  Omaha,  1972;  M.A.  in  Criminal 
Justice,  John  Jay  College  of  Criminal  Justice,  City  Umveristy  ol  New  York,  1977; 
J.D.,  California  Western  School  of  Law,  1978. 

Pir)fessioiialBacligrx)und 

Associate  Justice,  N.C.  Supreme  Court,  2003-Present;  Attorney  Brady  and  Brady 
1978-2003;  Special  Agent,  Criminal  Investigator  with  the  Department  of  the  Treasury 

Biisiness/Pix)fessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Setvice  Organizations 

Admitted  to  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  United  States  Court  of  Appeals  for 
the  Fourth  Circuit,  United  States  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  Fifth  Circuit,  the  United 
States  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  United  States  Army  Court  of 
Militar)'  Review  and  the  United  States  Court  of  Military  Appeals;  Member,  Personnel 
Comiuittee,  Village  Baptist  Church;  Messenger,  Village  Baptist  Church  to  the  North 
Carolina  State  Baptist  Convention,  National  Baptist  Convention,  Phoenix,  AZ,  2003 
and  Indianapolis,  IN.  2004. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army  1965,  Retired  Colonel,  United  States  Arym  Reserve,  1995.  xAwarded 
Distinguished  Flying  Cross,  Bronze  Star  Medal,  Air  Medal  with  Valor  Device  for 
heroism  and  2nd  -  18th  Oak  Leaf  Cluster,  Army  Commendation  Medal  with  Valor 
Device  for  heroism,  Vietnam  Cross  of  Gallantr)'  with  Bronze  Star,  1968;  Graduated 
from  Infantry  Ofhcer  Candidate  School  and  earned  the  Parachutist  Badge,  Pathfinder 
Badge,  Special  Forces  Tab  and  Senior  Army  Aviation  Badge,  1996. 

Honors  andAwaiyis 

Deans  Award,  California  Western  School  of  Law,  1978. 

Pei^sonallnfonnation 

Married,  B.  Dianne  Brady  Two  children.  Member,  Village  Baptist  Church,  Fayette\-ille. 


614 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


Mark  D.  Martin 

Associate  Justice, 
N.C.  Supreme  Court 

Early  Years 

Bom  April  29,  1963,  to  Dr. 
Ann  Martin. 


M.  Dean  (deceased)  and 


EducationalBackground 

B.S.B.A.,  Summa  Cum  Laude,  Western  Carolina 
University,  1985;  J.D.  with  Honors,  UNC-Chapel  Hill 
School  of  Law,  1988;  LL.M.,  University  of  Virginia 
School  of  Law,  1998. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Associate  Justice,  N.C.  Supreme  Court,  1999-Present;  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals, 
1994-99;  Resident  Judge,  Superior  Court,  Judicial  District  3-A  (Pitt  County),  1992- 
94;  Legal  Counsel  to  Gov.  James  G.  Martin,  1991-92;  Attorney,  McNair  Law  Firm, 
1990-91;  Law  Clerk,  Clyde  H.  Hamilton,  U.S.  District  Judge,  1988-90;  Editor-m- 
Chief,  N.C.  Journal  of  International  Law  and  Commercial  Regulation,  1987-88. 

Business^Professional,  ChaHtable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Bar  Association;  Minorities  m  the  Profession 
Committee  and  Multidisciplinary  Task  Force. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Secretary,  North  Carolina  Judicial  Conference,  1997-99;  Member,  Appellate  Courts 
Computer  Commission;  Member,  N.C.  Council  for  Women,  1992-93. 

Honors  and  Awards 

1992  Order  of  the  Long  Leaf  Pine;  1995  Distinguished  Alumnus  Award,  Western 
Carolina  University;  1992  Fellow,  N.C.  Institute  of  PoUtical  Leadership. 

Personal  Information 

Married  to  Kym  Lake  Martin  of  Wake  County. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Sarah  E.Parker 

Associate  Justice 
N.C.  Supreme  Court 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg  County,  on  August 
23,  1942,  to  Augustus  and  Zola  Elizabeth  Smuh 
Parker  (deceased). 

Educatk)nalBacl^x)imd 

Gartnger  High  School,  Charlotte,  1960;  Meredith 
CoUeg^e,  1960-1962;  B.A.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1964; 
J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1969;  Institute 
of  Judicial  Administration  Appellate  Judges  Seminar, 
1987. 

Pn)fessiojialBacliground 

Associate  Justice  N.C.  Supreme  Court,  1993-Present  (re-elected,  November  5, 
1996);  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  1985-1993  (appointed,  December  28,  1984; 
elected,  November  4,  1986;  re-elected,  November  6,  1990);  Attorney  m  Private 
Practice,  1969-1984;  Volunteer,  U.S.  Peace  Corps,  Ankara,  Turkey  1964-1966. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Bar  Association  (Vice  President,  1987-88);  American  Bar  Association;  Wake 
County  Bar  Association. 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boarxis  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Visitors,  UNC-Chapel  Hill;  N.C.  Courts  Commission;  Former  Member, 
Advisory  Council,  N.C.  Correctional  Center  for  Women.. 

Honors  andAwarxis 

1998  Honorary  Doctor  of  Humane  Letters,  Queens  College;  1997  Woman  of 
Achievement  Award,  General  Federation  of  Womens  Clubs;  1997  Gw)TLeth  B.  Davis 
Public  Service  Award,  N.C.  Women  Attorneys  Association. 

Personal  In/bnnation 

Member,  Christ  Episcopal  Church,  Charlotte. 


616 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


Robert  Holt  Edmunds,  Jr. 

Associate  Justice 
N.C.  Supreme  Court 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Cum  Laude  Graduate,  Woodberry  Forest  School, 
Woodbury  Forest,  Va.,  1967  (National  Merit 
Scholarship  Finalist);  Williams  College, 
Williamstown,  Massachussetts,  1967-69;  B.A.  in 
English,  General  Honors  Graduate,  Vassar  College, 
1971;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1975; 
LL.M.,  University  of  Virginia  School  of  Law,  2004. 

ProfessionalBackgwund 

Associate  Justice,  N.C.  Supreme  Court,  2001 -Present;  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals, 
1999-2000;  U.S.  Attorney  Middle  District  of  North  Carolina,  1986-93;  Assistant 
U.S.  Attorney,  Middle  District  of  North  Carolina,  1982-86;  Assistant  District  Attorney, 
Eighteenth  Judicial  District,  Guilford  County,  1978-82. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

North  Carolina  State  Bar;  Virginia  State  Bar;  N.C.  Bar  Association  (Appellate  Rules 
Study  Committee). 

Elective  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Former  Member  and  Secretary,  Board  of  Directors,  Greensboro  Criminal  Defense 
Lawyers  Association;  Guilford  Inn  of  Court;  Board  of  Directors,  Bar  CARES. 

Military  Service 

Ensign,  U.S.  Naxy,  1975-77. 

Honors  andAivards 

1987  Prosecutor  of  the  Year,  Third  Place,  International  Association  of  Credit  Card 
Investigators;  1988  Prosecutor  of  the  Year,  Carolinas  Chapter  of  the  International 
Association  of  Credit  Card  Investigators;  1990  Certificate  of  Appreciation,  Drug 
Enforcement  Administration;  1993  Award,  U.S.  Department  of  Justice;  1993  Award, 
Internal  Revenue  Service. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

George  LWainwright,  Jr. 

Associate  Justice 
N.C.  Supreme  Court 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Wilson,  Wilson  County,  to  George 
L.,  Sr.,  and  Susan  Mitchell  Wamwright. 

EducationalBacJigtrtwtd 

Fike  High  School,  Wilson,  1962;  A.B.,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1966;  J.D.,  Wake  Forest 
University  School  of  Law,  1984. 

Pix)fessiojialBacJ^r)und 

Associate  Justice,  N.C.  Supreme  Court,  1998- 
Present;  Attorney,  Wheatly,  Wheatly,  Nobles  & 
Weeks,  1984-91;  N.C.  Superior  Court  Judge, 
1994-98. 

Business/Ptxtfessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Co?nmunity  Seiuice  Organizations 

Lookout  Rotarv,  Morehead  Citv;  N.C.  Bar  Association. 

Military  Service 

E-3,  U.S.  Coast  Guard. 

Honoi^  andAwaixls 

Morehead  Scholar. 

Per^sonallnfonnation 

Married  to  Carol  McChesney  Wamwright.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian 
Church,  Morehead  City 


618 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

The  Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts 

As  part  of  a  unified  judicial  system,  the  Nortli  Carolina  Constitution  (Article  IV, 
Section  15)  provides  for  "an  administrative  office  of  the  courts  to  carr}'  out  the 
provisions  of  this  Article."  The  General  Assembly  has  established  the  Administrative 
Office  of  the  Courts  (AOC)  as  the  business  and  administrative  arm  of  the  judicial 
branch. 

The  director  of  the  AOC  is  appointed  and  serves  at  the  pleasure  of  the  chief 
justice  of  the  North  Carolina  Supreme  Court.  The  director  has  the  duty  to  carry  out 
the  many  functions  and  responsibilities  assigned  by  statute  to  the  director  or  to  the 
AOC. 

The  assistant  director  of  the  AOC  is  also  appointed  by  the  chief  justice  and 
serves  as  administrative  assistant  to  the  chief  justice.  The  assistant  directors  duties 
include  assisting  the  chief  justice  with  assignment  of  Superior  Court  judges,  assisting 
the  Supreme  Court  m  preparing  calendars  of  Superior  Court  sessions  and  performing 
other  duties  as  assigned  by  the  chief  justice  or  the  director  of  the  AOC. 

The  basic  responsibility  of  the  AOC  is  to  maintain  an  efhcient  and  effective 
court  system  by  pro\iding  administrative  support  statewide  for  the  courts  and  for 
court-related  offices.  Among  the  AOCs  specihc  duties  are  the  following: 

Establish  fiscal  policies  for  and  prepare  and  administer  the  budget  of  the 
judicial  branch. 

Prescribe  uniform  administrative  and  business  methods,  forms  and 
records  to  be  used  by  the  clerks  of  Superior  Court  statewide. 

Procure  and  distribute  equipment,  books,  forms  and  supplies  for  the 
court  system. 

Collect,  compile  and  publish  statistical  data  and  other  information  on  the 
judicial  and  financial  operations  of  the  courts  and  related  offices. 

Determine  the  state  of  the  dockets,  evaluate  the  practices  and  proce- 
dures of  the  courts  and  make  recommendations  for  improvement  of  the 
operations  of  the  court  system. 

Investigate,  make  recommendations  concerning  and  provide  assistance  to 
county  authorities  regarding  the  securing  of  adequate  physical  facilities 
for  the  courts. 

Administer  the  payroll  and  other  personnel-related  needs  of  all  judicial 
branch  employees. 

Carry  out  administrative  duties  relating  to  programs  for  legal  representa- 
tion of  indigents. 

Administer  various  court-based  programs. 

Arrange  for  the  printing  and  distribution  of  the  published  opinions  of  the 
Supreme  Court  and  Court  of  Appeals. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL     2003-2004 

To  accomplish  these  objectives,  the  AOC  is  organized  into  four  divisions,  m 
addition  to  the  directors  oifice.  Responsibihties  of  the  Admn"iistrative  Services 
Division  include  preparing  the  budget  and  managing  appropriations  for  the  entire 
judicial  branch,  supervising  the  accounting  system,  procuring  equipment  and 
supplies,  and  printing  lorms  used  througout  the  court  system.  The  Court 
Management  and  Information  Services  Division  supports  the  information  processing 
needs  of  the  judicial  branch,  including  comprehensive  data  processing, 
communications  and  decision  support.  The  Legal  Sendees  and  Programs  Division 
is  responsible  for  case  management  services,  including  arbitration,  custody 
mediation,  management  policies,  jury  management,  drug  treatment  court  and  family 
court,  as  well  as  research  services.  This  diMSion  also  house  the  statewide  guardian  | 
ad  litem  program,  which  provides  trained  volunteer  guardians  ad  litem  and  attorney  j 
advocates  to  represent  children  who  are  allegedly  abused,  neglected  or  dependent,  j 
Also  administered  within  the  Legal  Services  and  Program  Division  is  Sentencing  j 
Services,  comprised  of  local  programs  that  prepare  community-based  sentencing 
plans  for  eligible  offenders.  Because  the  judicial  branch  is  not  subject  to  the  mandates  : 
of  the  State  Personnel  Ofhce,  which  serves  the  executive  branch,  the  Human  j 
Resources  Division  exists  to  administer  the  recruitment,  training,  salarv,  benehts, 
employee  relations  and  personnel  information  systems  of  the  judicial  branch.  The  \ 
directors  ofhce  includes  the  public  information  ofhce,  grants  management  and  I 
judicial  training  coordination.  Prior  to  1999  the  AOC  also  housed  the  Juvenile  \ 
Services  Division,  which  administered  the  statewide  svstem  of  juvenile  intake,  \ 
probation  and  aftercare  services  for  juveniles  before  the  court  for  delinquency  or  | 
undisciplined  matters.  Effective  January  1,  1999,  the  Juvenile  Services  Division  ! 
merged  with  the  Division  of  Youth  Services  of  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human  ; 
Services  to  torm  a  new  Ofiice  ot  Juvenile  Justice  in  the  Governors  Office.  |i 


620 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


John  Charles  Martin 

Chief  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Durham,  Durham  County,  on  November 
9,  1943,  to  C.B.  and  Mary  Blackwell  Pridgen 
Martin. 

EducationalBackground 

Durham  High  School,  1961;  B.A.,  Wake  Forest 
University,  1965;  J.D.,  Wake  Forest  University 
School  of  Law,  1967. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals;  1985-88,  1993- 
Present;  Judge,  N.C.  Superior  Court,  1977-84; 
Attorney,  Maxwell,  Martin,  Freeman  &  Beason, 
1988-92;  Attorney,  Haywood  Denny  and  Miller, 
1969-77. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

North  Carolina  State  Bar;  Tenth  Judicial  District  Bar;  Wake  County  Bar  Association. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  North  Carolina  Judicial  Standards  Commission;  Board  of  Visitors,  Wake 
Forest  University  School  of  Law,  1986-Present;  Alumni  Council,  Wake  Forest 
University  1993-96  and  2001-Present. 

Military  Service 

1st  Lt.,  MiUtary  Police  Corps,  U.S.  Army,  1967-69;  Army  Commendation  Medal. 

Honors  and  Awards 

191 1  Outstanding  Young  Man  of  the  Year,  City  of  Durham;  Who's  Who  in  American 
Law;  Whos  Who  in  America. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

James  Andrew  Wynn,  Jr. 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of 
Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Robersonville,  N4artin  County, 
on  March  17,  1954,  to  James  A.,  Sr., 
and  Naomi  Lynch  Wynn. 

EducationalBacf^ground 

Robersonville  High  School,  1972;  B.A. 
in  Journalism,  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
1975;  J.D.,  Marquette  University 
School  of  Law,  1979;  LL.M.,  Judicial 
Process,  University  of  Virginia,  1995. 

Prx)fessionalBacfigrr)und 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  1990- 
Present;  Fitch,  Butterheld  &  Wynn, 
1984-90;  N.C.  Assistant  Appellate 
Defender,  1983-84;  U.S.  Navy  JAG  Corps,  1979-83. 

Business/Pixyfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Treasurer,  N.C.  Judicial  Conference;  ABA  Appellate  Judges  Conference,  Executive 
Board;  ABA  Appellate  Judges  Education  Committee.. 

Elective  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Courts  Commission;  N.C.  Supreme  Court  Permanent  Family  Task  Force; 
Trustee,  Pitt  Community  College. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Na\y,  Judge  Advocate  Generals  Corps,  Active  Duty  1979-83;  Reserves,  1983- 
Present;  Current  Rank,  Captain;  Present  Reserve  Duty,  Commanding  Ofhcer,  NR 
Legal  Semce  Office,  Jacksonville,  EL  0108;  Na\y  Commendation  Medal;  Meritorious 
Service  Medal;  National  Defense  Service  Medal;  Naval  Reserve  Medal;  1996  Admn-al 
Hugh  Howell  Senior  Judge  Advocate  ol  the  Year  Award. 

Honors  andAwarxis 

1996  MLK  Achievement  Award,  General  Baptist  Convention  of  North  Carolina; 
1995  Appellate  Judge  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers;  1995  Chief 
Justice  Warren  Burger  Scholarship  lor  the  John  Marshall  Harlan  Symposium  on 
ComparatR'e  Law. 

Personal  Infbnnation 

Married  to  Jacc[ueline  Dee  Rollins  Wynn  of  Raleigh.  Three  children.  Member, 
Providence  Missionary  Baptist  Church,  Robersonville. 


622 


THE    JUDICIAL     BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


Linda  M.  McGee 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Marion,  McDowell  County,  on 
September  20,  1949,  to  Jean  Hogan  and  Cecil 
Adam  Mace. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Marion  High  School,  1967;  B.A.,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1971;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  HiU 
School  of  Law,  1973. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  1995-Present 
(appointed  m  January,  1995,  by  Governor 
James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.);  Partner,  di  Santi,  Watson 
&  McGee,  Boone,  NC,  1980-95;  Associate, 
di  Santi  &■  Watson,  1978-80;  First  Executive 
Director  of  N.C.  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers, 
1973-78. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Cwic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Federation  of  Business  and  Professional  Women's  Clubs,  Inc.;  League  of 
Women  Voters;  American  Association  of  University  Women;  Womens  Forum  of 
North  Carolina;  Co-Founder,  Blue  Ridge  Dispute  Settlement  Center;  Trustee, 
Caldwell  Community  College  and  Technical  Institute,  1981-89;  N.C.  Association 
of  Women  Attorneys  (Past  Treasurer);  Watauga  County  Bar  Association  (Past 
President);  Legal  Ser\aces  of  the  Blue  Ridge  (Past  President). 

Boards  and  Commissions 

Past  Board  Member,  N.C.  Board  of  Law  Examiners,  1986-93;  N.C.  Bar  Association 
Board  of  Governors,  1983-86;  Past  Board  Member,  Legal  Services  of  North  Carolina. 

Honors  and  Awards 

1996  Gwyneth  B.  Davis  Award,  N.C.  Association  of  Women  Attorneys;  1992  Pro 
Bono  Award,  N.C.  Bar  Association;  1980  BPW  State  Young  Careerist. 

Personal  In/bnnation 

Married  to  B.  Gary  McGee.  Two  children.  Member,  Northminster  Presbyterian 
Church,  Hickory. 


623 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Patricia  Timmons-Goodson 

Judge,  IS.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  September  18,  1954,  in  Florence,  S.C,  to 
Edward  M.  (deceased)  and  Beulah  Tmdal 
Timmons. 

EducationalBacIignjund 

Pine  Forest  High  School,  Fayetteville,  1972;  B.A. 
m  Speech-English,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1976;  J. D., 
UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1979. 

PivfessionalBacJiground 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,   1997-Present 

(Appointed  by  Governor  James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.); 

District  Court  Judge,  Twelfth  Judicial  District, 

1984-97  (Appointed  by  Governor  James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.,  m  1984;  Re-elected,  1986, 

1990  and  1994);  Staff  Attorney,  Lumbee  River  Legal  Services,  Inc.,  1983-84;  Assistant 

District  Attorney,  Twelfth  Judicial  District,  1981-83;  District  Manager,  U.S.  Census 

Bureau,  1979-80. 

Business/Pixjfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Co-Producer  and  Co-Host,  "Dimensions  of  Justice"  Television  Program;  Volunteer 
Reading  Tutor,  Van  Story  Elementary  School;  North  Carolina  Bar  Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

North  Carolina  Sentencing  and  Policy  Advisory  Commission;  North  Carolina 
Supreme  Court  Dispute  Resolution  Committee;  Past  Board  Member,  North  Carolina 
Courts  Commission. 

Honors  and  Awards 

1996  Governors  Award,  Outstanding  Volunteer  of  the  Year;  1996  Service  Award, 
Fayetteville  Chapter,  NAACP;  1995  Leadership  Award,  N.C.  Legislative  Black  Caucus. 

Personal  In  fonnation 

Married  to  Dr.  Ernest  J.  Goodson  of  Kannapolis  on  November  17,  1984.  Two 
children.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church,  Fayetteville. 


624 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


Robert  Carl  Hunter 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  McDowell  County  on  January  14,  1944, 
to  L.  Penn  and  Lucy  Turner  Hunter. 

EducationalBackground 

Glenwood  School;  Marion  City  Schools;  B.A., 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1966;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill 
School  of  Law,  1969. 

ProfessionalBachground 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  1998-Present; 
Attorney;  Former  Assistant  District  Attorney,  29th 
Judicial  District. 

Business^Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member  and  Past  President,  McDowell  County  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Bar  Association; 
American  Bar  Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Former  Director,  McDowell  Arts  &  Crafts  Association;  Former  Chair,  Southern 
Legislative  Conference;  Southern  Legislative  Conference  Executive  Committee. 

Honors  and  Awards 

McDowell  County  Citizen  of  the  Year,  1984;  Marion  Civitans  Citizen  of  the  Year, 
1988-89;  Region  C  Law  Enforcement  Association  Legislator  of  the  Year,  1994. 

Personal  Information 

Married  Nancy  Hinson  Hunter  on  August  22,  1970.  Two  children.  Member,  First 
Baptist  Church,  Marion. 


625 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Robin  E.Hudson 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Eaiiy  Years 

Born  in  DeKalb  County,  Georgia,  on  February  20, 
1952,  to  Tliomas  W.  and  Barbara  Conroy 
Hudson. 

EducationalBackgrx>iaid 

Page  Senior  High  School,  Greensboro,  1969;  B.A. 
in  Philosophy  and  Psychology,  Yale  University, 
1973;  Graduate,  University  of  North  Carolina 
School  of  Law,  1976, 

Pn)fessionalBackgrx)wid 

Associate  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals.  2001- 
Present;  Attorney,  1976-2000. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Founding  Member,  N.C.  Association  of  Women  Attorneys;  Wake  County  Bar;  North 
Carolina  Acadeni)'  of  Trial  Lawyers,  1978-2001. 

Elective  atid  Appointed Boarxls  and  Commissions 

Member,  Board  oi  Governors,  North  Carolina  zA.cademy  of  Trial  Lavvyers,  1992-99; 
Member,  N.C.  Industrial  Commission  Advisory  Council,  1994-2000;  Chair,  N.C. 
OSHA  Review  Board,  1994-99. 

Per^sonallnfonnation 

Married,  Victor  Farah.  Two  children. 


626 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


John  Marsh  Tyson 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Cumberland  County  on  July  14,  1953, 
to  Henry  McMillian  and  Addie  Williams  Tyson. 

EducationalBachground 

Terry  Sanford  Senior  High  School,  Fayetteville, 

1970;  B.A.  in  English  and  Secondary  Education, 

University  of  North  Carolina-Wilmington, 

1974;Notre  Dame  Law  School  Summer  Law 

Program,  London  School  of  Economic  &  PoHtical 

Science,   1977;  J.D.  Cum  Laude,  Campbell 

University  School  of  Law,  1979;  MBA,  Fuqua 

School  of  Business,  Duke  University  1988;  LLM  in  Judicial  Process,  University  of 

Virginia  School  of  Law,  2004. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Associate  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  2001-Present;  Adjunct  Professor  of  Law, 
Campbell  University,  1987-Present;  Attorney,  Tyson  &  Associates  PLLC,  1993- 
2000;  Senior  Vice-President  of  Development,  Blockbuster  Entertainment  Group, 
1996;  Real  Estate  Director  and  Counsel,  Revco  Drug  Stores,  1982-93;  Real  Estate 
Manager  and  Counsel,  Family  Dollar  Stores,  1980-82;  Probation  and  Parole  Officer, 
N.C.  Department  of  Correction,  1975-76;  Certified  Public  School  Teacher,  Junior 
&  Senior  High  School,  1974;  Special  Deputy  Sheriff,  Cumberland  County. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

North  Carolina  State  Bar;  North  Carolina  Bar  Association;  Fayetteville  Kiwanis  Club. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Member,  N.C.  Bar  Association  Technology  Advisory  Committee,  2001-Present; 
Member.  N.C.  Property  Tax  Commission,  1997-99;  Member,  Board  of  Visitors, 
Campbell  University  School  of  Law,  1992-Present. 

Military  Service 

Colonel,  Staff  Judge  Advocate,  U.S.  Service  Command,  Division  III,  1999-Present. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Board-Certified  Specialist  m  Real  Property  Law  --  Business,  Commercial  and 
Industrial  Transactions,  Board  of  Legal  Specialization,  N.C.  State  Bar,  2001; 
Commissioned  Kentucky  Colonel,  2001;  Editor,  Campbell  Law  Review,  1978-79 
(Charter  Issue). 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Kirby  Thomason  Tyson.  Four  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
Fayetteville. 


627 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Wanda  G.Bryant 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Eaiiy  Years 

Born  m  South]")(.in,  Brunswick  County,  on  June 
26,  1956,  10  Dolphus  and  Christerbelle  Randall 
Br}^ant. 

EducationalBacl^xmnd 

B.A.  in  History  and  Comparative  Area  Studies, 
Duke  University,  1977;  J.D.,  North  CaroUna 
Central  University  School  oi  Law,  1982. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Associate  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  200U 

Present;  Senior  Deputy  Attorney  General,  Otfice 

of  the  Attorney  General,  1993-2000;  Assistant  United  States  Attorney  Office  for  the 

District  of  Columbia,  1989-93;  Staff  Attorney,  Police  Executive  Research  Forum, 

1987-89;  Assistant  District  Attorney,  Thirteenth  Prosecutorial  District  of  North 

Carolina,  1983-87;  Associate  Attorney  Walton,  Fairley  &  Jess,  1982. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations 

10th  Judicial  District  Bar;  Wake  County  Bar  Association;  Brunswick  County  Bar 
Association. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boaixis  and  Coiyimissions 

Former  Chair,  Attorney  Generals  Elder  Abuse  Task  Force;  Former  Chair,  Attorney 
Generals  Environmental  Crimes  Task  Force;  Governors  Juvenile  Justice  and 
Delinquency  Prevention  Committee. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Distinguished  Service  (Alumni)  Award,  NCCU  Law  School,  1996;  Black  History 
Month  Appreciation  Award,  Elizabeth  City  State  University,  1996;  Special 
Achievement  Award,  U.S.  Department  ot  Justice,  1991. 

Per^sonallnfonnation 

Married,  Ronald  Stephen  Douglas.  One  child;  one  step-child.  Member,  Cedar  Grove 
Missionary  Baptist  Church,  Supply. 


628 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

Ann  Marie  Calabria 

Judge,  IS.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Bryn  Mawr,  P. A.,  on  October  31,  1947,  to  Thomas  and  Rose  Comitta. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

B.A.,  Summa  Cum  Laude,  Fairleigh  Dickinson  University,  1977;  J.D.,  Campbell 
University  School  of  Law,  1983;  Masters  of  Judicial  Studies  (in  progress).  National 
Judicial  College,  1997-Present. 

Pix>fessk)nalBackground 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  2003-Present;  Wake  County  District  Court  Judge, 
1996-2002;  Sole  Practitioner,  Cary  N.C,  1991-1996;  Associate,  Hutchens  &  Waple, 
Fayetteville,  N.C,  1990-1991;  U.S.  Department  of  Housing  and  Urban 
Development,  1989-1990;  Sole  Practitioner,  Fayetteville,  N.C,  1988-1989; 
University  of  Maryland,  Overseas  Division  Heidelberg  Germany,  1986-1987. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  State  Bar;  N.C.  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Association  of  Women  Attorneys;  Wake 
County  Bar  Association;  Wake  County  Association  of  Women  Attorneys;  American 
Association  of  University  Women;  Member,  Cary  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1992- 
Present;  Member,  Garner  Chamber  of  Commerce,  1999-Present;  Volunteer,  Wake 
County  Public  Schools,  1991-Present;  Youth  Ministry,  St.  Andrews  Cathohc  Church, 
Apex,  N.C,  1991-1995;  Volunteer,  Department  of  Defense  School,  1984-1986; 
Leader  and  Co-Leader,  North  Atlantic  Girl  Scouts,  Heidelberg,  Germany,  1984- 
1987. 

Elective  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Vice  President,  N.C.  Bar  Association,  2000-2001;  Liaison,  Board  of  Governors  for 
the  Hispanic/Latino  Lawyers  Committee  and  Juvenile  Justice  and  Children's  Rights 
Section;  Board  for  Bar  Cares  and  the  Committee  for  Strategic  Planning/Emerging 
Trends,  2001. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Certificate  of  Appreciation  for  Service  as  Vice  President,  N.C.  Bar  Association,  2000- 
2001;  Woman  of  Today  Award,  Pines  of  Carolina  Girl  Scout  Council,  2002. 

Personal  In foimation 

Married,  Dr.  Robert  D.  Calabria.  Three  children.  Member,  St.  Michael  the  Archangel 
Catholic  Church,  Cary. 


629 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Rick  Elmore 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

EducationalBacf^vund 

Guilford  College,  1974;  J.D.,  North  Carolina  Central  University  School  of  Law, 
1982. 

Pix)fessionalBac}igtX)iuid 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  2002-Present;  Attorney,  Greensboro,  N.C,  Past 
Twenty  Years;  N.C.  Department  ot  Correction;  Muscular  Dystrophy  Association. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Guilford  County  Planning  Board;  Guilford  County  Board  of  Elections;  Volunteer, 
Greensboro  Jaycees;  Past  Legal  Counsel,  Greater  Greensboro  Open;  Past  Volunteer 
Legal  Counsel,  Greensboro  AAU  Basketball;  Member,  North  Carolina  Central 
University  Law  Review. 

Personallnfmination 

Married,  Lisa  Eudy  Elmore.    Two  children. 


630 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH  CHAPTER    SIX 

Sanford  LSteelman,  Jr. 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Hickory,  on  September  11,  1951,  to  Dr.  Sanford  L.  and  Margaret  Abee 
Steelman. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

A.B.,  Cum  Laude,  Political  Science,  Davidson  College,  1973;  University  of  East 
Anglia,  Norwich,  England,  1971-1972;  J. D.,  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel 
Hill,  1976;  School  for  Superior  Court  Judges,  Institute  of  Government,  Chapel 
Hill,  1994;  General  Jurisdiction  Course,  National  Judicial  College,  1996. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  2003-Present;  Senior  Resident  Superior  Court  Judge, 
District  20-B,  2001-2002;  Resident  Superior  Court  Judge,  District  20-B,  1994- 
2001;  Partner,  Law  Eirm  of  Steelman  &  Long,  1992-1994;  Private  Practice,  1988- 
1992;  Partner,  Griffin,  Caldwell,  Helder  &  Steelman,  PA.,  1980-1988;  Associate 
Attorney  Griffm,  Caldwell  &  Helder,  1976-1980. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member,  Chief  Justices  Commission  on  the  future  of  the  N.C.  Business  Court, 
2003-Present;  Member,  N.C.  Bar  Association  Administration  of  Justice  Task  Force, 
2003-Present;  Chairman,  N.C.  Dispute  Resolution  Commission,  2004-Present, 
(Member,  2003-2004);  Chairman,  Superior  Court  Subcomittee,  Alternative  Dispute 
Resolution  Committee,  State  Judicial  Council,  2001-2002  (Member,  2000-2002); 
Member,  Rotary  Club  of  Raleigh,  2003-Present;  Chairman,  Union  County  Criminal 
Justice  Partnerhsip  Board,  2001-2002;  Member,  Union  County  Courthouse  Security 
Advisory  Committee,  2000;  Member,  Union  West  Rotary  Club,  1999-2002;  Member, 
Sun  Valley  High  School  Task  Eorce,  1988;  Member,  Stanly  County  Criminal  Justice 
Partnership,  1994-2002;  Sweet  Union  2000  Committee,  1993. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Assigned  by  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  of  North  CaroUna  to  hear  three  "exceptional 
cases"  under  Rule  2.1  of  the  General  Rules  of  Practice  for  the  Superior  Court;  Superior 
Court  Judge  with  an  overall  rating  of  92.5%,  Court  Watch  of  North  Carolina,  Inc.; 
"A"  Rating  Designation  in  Legal  Ability  and  "V"  Rating  Designation  for  General 
Recommendation,  Martindale-Hubbell  Directory.    Eagle  Scout  Award,  1965. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Elizabeth  Jenny  Steelman.  Three  children.  Member,  First  Baptist  Church, 
Matthews. 


631 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Martha  A.  Geer 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Gnnncll,  Iowa,  to  Lucien  M.  and  Sylvia  Geer. 

Educational  Bacfigivuf  id 

I.e.  Williams  High  School,  Alexandria,  VA,  1976;  Sociology,  (Summa  Cum  Laude  | 

with  honors),  Biyn  Mawr  College,  1980;  J. D.,  University  of  North  Carolina  School  | 

ol  Law,  (high  honors),  1983.  j 

PivfessionalBacI?gir)und  j 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  2002-Present;  Founding  Partner,  Patterson,  Harkavy 

&  Lawrence,  L.L.P,  Raleigh,  1991-2002;  Associate  &  Partner,  Smith  Patterson,  Follin,  j 

Curtis,  James,  Harkavy  &  Lawrence,  Greensboro,  1986-1991;  Associate,  Paul,  | 

Weiss,  Rifkmd,  Wharton  &  Garrison,  New  York,  NY,  1983-1986.  | 

Business/Pir)fessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations    \ 

Past  Co-Chair,  Ethics  m  Litigation  Subcommittee  of  the  Employee  Rights  and  ' 
Responsibilities  Committee,  American  Bar  Association;  Member,  Appellate  Rules 
Study  Committee,  North  Carolina  Bar  Association;  Constitutional  Rights  and 
Responsibilities  Council;  Past  Member,  Labor  and  Employment  Law  Council;  Trail 
Practice  Curriculum  Committee;  Past  Member,  Board  of  Governors,  North  Carolina 
Academy  ot  Trail  Lawyers;  North  Carolina  Association  of  Women  x^ttorneys; 
Managing  Editor,  North  Carolina  Law  Review. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Selected  lor  Inclusion  m  Best  Lawyers  m  America,  2002;  One  of  Top  200  Lawyers 
m  North  Carolina,  Business  North  Carolina  Magazine,  2002  &  2003;  Morehead 
Fellow,  Universit\'  of  North  Carolina  School  of  Law. 


632 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


Eric  L  Levinson 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Bom  May  30,  1967,  in  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg 
County,  to  Gary  and  Audry  Borgenicht 
Levinson. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

East  Mecklenburg  High  School,  1985;  B.B.A. 
in  Finance,  Cum  Laude,  University  of  Georgia, 
1989;  Institute  on  Government  &  Economics, 
Georgetown  University,  1990;  J.D.,  University 
of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  1992; 
International  Finance  Studies,  University  of 
London,  1990 

ProfessionalBackground 

Associate  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  2003-Present.  District  Court  Judge,  1996- 
2002;  Assistant  District  Attorney,  Cabarrus  &  Rowan  counties,  1992-96. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Alumni  Council,  The  Fund  for  American  Studies;  Hands  on  Charlotte;  Charlotte 
Jaycees/Junior  Chamber. 

Elective  and  J^pointed Boards  and  Commissions 

Appellate  Judges  Section,  American  Bar  Association;  American  Inns  of  Court. 

Honors  andAwards 

2004  Alumni  Achievement  Award,  Outstanding  Alumnus,  Georgetown  Fund  for 
American  Studies. 

Personal  In/bimation 

Single. 


633 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Alan  ZieglerThornburg 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  Sylva,  Jackson  County,  on  January  10, 
1967,  to  Lac)'  H.  and  Dorothy  Frances  Todd 
Thornhurg. 

EducationalBacligrxyund 

S\'lva-Webster  High  School,  1985;  B.A.  m  History 
Davidson  College,  1989;  J.D.,  Wake  Forest 
University  School  of  Law,  1996. 

PixjfessionalBackgrvund 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals,  2004-Present; 

Attorney,  Patla.  Straus,  Robinson  &  Moore,  P.A., 

1997-2004;  Law  Clerk  for  the  Honorable  Sam  J. 

Ervin,  U.S.  Fourth  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals, 

Morganton,  N.C.  «&  Richmond,  VA.,  1996-1997;  Legislative  Aide  to  U.S.  Senator 

Terry  Sanford,  Washington,  D.C.,  1989-1993. 

Elective  and  Appointed  BoarxJs  and  Commissions 

Board  Member,  N.C.  Board  oi  Transportation,  2001-2004;  Chair,  UNC-Asheville 
Foundation  Board,  2002-2004  (Associate  Chair,  2001-2002  &  Member,  1999- 
2001);  Member,  Council  of  Advisors,  Environmental  Leadership  Center,  Warren 
Wilson  College,  2000-2004. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Sarah  Sparboe  Thornburg.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian 
Church,  Asheville. 


634 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


John  Douglas  McCullough 

Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Tyler,  Texas,  on  May  28,  1945,  to 
J.D.  and  Alice  Kelly  McCullough. 

EducationalBackground 

Swansboro  High  School,  Swansboro,  1963; 
A.B.  m  History,  University  of  North  Carolina- 
Chapel  Hill,  1967;  J.D.,  University  of  South 
Carolina  School  of  Law,  1970. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Associate  Judge,  N.C.  Court  of  Appeals, 
2001-Present, 

Business/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or 
Community  Service  Organizations 

North  Carolina  State  Bar;  N.C.  Bar  Association;  D.C.  Bar. 

Military  Service 

Colonel,  U.S.  Marine  Corps,  1970-74  (active)  and  1974-98  (resewes).  Meritorious 
Service  Medal;  Navy  Achievement  Medal;  Meritorious  Unit  Citation;  National  Defense 
Service  Medal. 

Personalln/brmation 

Separated.  Episcopalian. 


635 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

N.C.  Superior  Court  Judges  as  of  2004 

Resident  Judges 


DisUict 

jud^c 

Acid /CSS 

1 

J.  Richard  Parker* 

Manteo 

Jerry  R.  Tilletl 

Manteo 

2 

William  C.  Griffin,  Jr.* 

Williamston 

3A 

W  Russell  Duke,  Jr.* 

Greenville 

Clifton  W.  Everett,  Jr. 

Greenville 

3B 

Benjamin  G.  Alford 

New  Bern 

Kenneth  F.  Crow 

New  Bern 

4A 

Russell  J.  Lanier,  Jr.* 

Kenansville 

4B 

Charles  H.  Henry* 

J 

Jacksonville 

5 

Ernest  B.  Fullwood* 

Wilmington 

W.  Allen  Cobb,  Jr. 

Wilmington 

Jay  D.  Hockenbury 

Wilmington 

6A 

Alma  L.  Hmton* 

Halifax 

6B 

Cy  Anthony  Grant,  Sr.* 

Windsor 

7A 

Quentm  T.  Sumner* 

Rocky  Mount 

7B 

Milton  E  Eitch,  Jr. 

Wilson 

7BC 

Erank  R.  Brown* 

Tarboro 

8A 

Paul  L.  Jones* 

Kmston 

8B 

Jerry  Braswell* 

Goldsboro 

9 

Robert  H.  Hobgood* 

Louisburg 

Henry  W.  Hiaht,  Jr. 

Henderson 

9A 

W  Osmond  Smith,  III* 

Yancey\'ille 

10 

Donald  W  Stephens* 

Raleigh 

Narlev  L.  Cash  well 

Raleigh 

Stafford  G.  Bullock 

Raleigh 

Abraham  Penn  Jones 

Raleigh 

Howard  E.  Mannmg,  Jr. 

Raleigh 

Evelyn  W.  Hill 

J 

Raleigh 

llA 

Franklin  E  Lanier* 

Lillington 

IIB 

Knox  V.  Jenkins,  Jr.* 

Smithfield 

*ScmoY  Resident  Supciior  Coutt  Judge 


636 


THE 

JUDICIAL    BRANCH 

CHAPTER    SIX 

Resident  Judges  (continued) 

District 

Judge 

Address 

12 

E.  Lynn  Johnson* 

Eayetteville 

Gregory  A.  Weeks 

Eayette\ille 

Jack  A.  Thompson 

Eayetteville 

James  E  Ammons,  Jr. 

Eayette\alle 

13 

William  C.  Gore,  Jr.* 

White\alle 

Ola  M.  Lewis 

Bolivia 

14 

Orlando  E  Hudson,  Jr.* 

Durham 

A.  Leon  Stanback,  Jr. 

Durham 

Ronald  L.  Stephens 

Durham 

Kenneth  C.  Titus 

Durham 

15A 

J.  B.  Allen,  Jr.* 

Burlington 

James  Clifford  Spencer,  Jr. 

Burlington 

15B 

Wade  Barber,  Jr.* 

Hillsborough 

16A 

B.  Craig  Ellis* 

Laurinburg 

16B 

Robert  Eloyd,  Jr.* 

Lumberton 

Gary  L.  Locklear 

Lumberton 

17A 

Melzer  A.  Morgan,  Jr.* 

Wentworth 

Edwin  G.  Wilson,  Jr. 

Wentworth 

A.  Moses  Massey* 

Mount  Airy 

17B 

Andy  Cromer 

King 

18 

W  Douglas  Albright* 

Greensboro 

Catherine  C.  Eagles 

Greensboro 

Henry  E.  Frve,  ]r. 

Greensboro 

Lindsay  R.  Davis,  Jr. 

Greensboro 

John  0.  Craig,  111 

High  Point 

19A 

W  Erwm  Spainhour* 

Concord 

19B 

Russell  G.  Walker,  Jr.* 

Asheboro 

19C 

T  arry  G.  Lord* 

Salisbury 

20A 

Michael  Earle  Beale* 

Wadesboro 

20B 

Susan  C.  Taylor* 

Monroe 

637 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Resident  Judges  (continued) 


Distrut 

]ud\:,c 

Address 

21 

Judson  D.  DeRamus,  Jr.* 

Wmston-Salem 

William  Z.  Wood,  Jr. 

Winston-Salem 

L.  Todd  Burke 

Winston-Salem 

Ronald  E.  Spivey 

Winston-Salem 

22 

Mark  E.  Klass* 

Lexington 

Kimbcrly  S.  Taylor 

Statesville 

Christopher  M.  Collier 

Statesville 

23 

Michael  E.  Helms* 

Wilkesboro 

24 

James  L.  Baker,  Jr.* 

Marshall 

C.  Philip  Gmn 

Boone 

25A 

Beverly  T.  Beal* 

Lenoir 

Robert  C.  Ewm 

Morganton 

25B 

Timothy  S.  Kincaid* 

Hickory 

Nathaniel  J.  Poovey 

Newton 

26 

Robert  P  Johnston* 

Charlotte 

Marcus  L.  Johnson 

Charlotte 

W  Robert  Bell 

Charlotte 

Richard  D.  Boner 

Charlotte 

J.  Gently  Caudill 

Charlotte 

David  S.  Cayer 

Charlotte 

Yvonne  M.  Evans 

Charlotte 

27A 

Jesse  B.  Caldwell,  III* 

Gastonia 

Timothy  L.  Patti 

Gastonia 

27B 

Forrest  Donald  Bridges* 

Shelby 

James  W  Morgan 

Shelby 

28 

Dennis  Jay  Winner* 

Asheville 

Ronald  K.  Pa)iie 

Asheville 

29 

Zoro  J.  Guice,  Jr.* 

Rutherfordton 

E.  Penn  Dameron 

Marion 

30  A 

James  U.  Downs* 

Franklin 

30B 

Janet  Marlene  Hyatt* 

Waynesville 

*Scnior  Resident  Superior  Court  Judge 


638 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


Special  Superior  Court  Judges 

Steve  A.Balog 
Albert  Diaz 
Richard  L.  Doughton 
Thomas  D.  Haigwood 
Clarence  E.  Horton,  Jr. 
D,  Jack  Hooks,  Jr. 
Jack  W  Jenkins 
John  R.  Jolly,  Jr. 
Charles  C.  Lamm,  Jr. 
Gary  E.  Trawick 
Ben  E  Tennille 
Ripley  E.  Rand 


Graham 

Charlotte 

Sparta 

Greenville 

Kannapolis 

Whiteville 

Morehead  City 

Raleigh 

Terrell 

Burgavv' 

Greensboro 

Raleigh 


For  more  mformation  on  the  N.C.  Superior  Court  call  (919)  733-7107 


N.C.  District  Court  as  of  2004 


District  Court  Judges 

District        Judge 

1  Grafton  G.  Beaman* 
C.  Christopher  Bean 
J.  Carlton  Cole 
Edgar  L.  Barnes 
Amber  Davis 

2  James  W.  Hardison* 
Samuel  G.  Grimes 
Michael  A.  Paul 
Regina  Parker 


3A 


3B 


David  A.  Leech* 
Patricia  G.  Hilburn 
Joseph  A.  Blick,  Jr. 
Galen  Braddy 
Charles  M.  Vincent 
Jerry  E  Waddell* 
Cheryl  Lynn  Spencer 


Address 
Elizabeth  City 
Edenton 
Hertford 
Manteo 
EUzabeth  City 

Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Williamston 

Greenville 
Green\ille 
Greenville 
Greenville 
Greenville 
New  Bern 
New  Bern 


^ChicJ  District  Court  Judge 


639 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


District  Conn  Judges  (continued) 

Disii'iLl         Jiftlgc 

3B  Paul  M,  Quinn 

Karen  A.  Alexander 

Peter  Maek,  Jr. 


4 


6A 
6B 


7 


8 


Leonard  W,  Thagard* 
Wayne  G.  Kimble,  Jr. 
Paul  A.  Hai'dison 
William  M.  Cameron,  III 
Louis  F  Fo)',  Jr. 
Sara  C.  Sealon 
Carol  Jones 
Henry  L.  Stevens,  IV 

John  J.  Carroll,  HI* 
John  W  Smith 
Elton  Glenn  Tueker 
Juhus  H.  Corpening,  II 
Shelly  S.  Holt 
Rebecca  W.  Blackmore 
James  H.  Faison,  111 

Harold  P  McCoy  Jr.* 
Alfred  W  Kwasikpui* 
Thomas  R.  J.  Newbern 
William  Robert  Lewis,  U 

John  L.  Whitley* 
Joseph  John  Harper,  Jr. 
John  M.  Britt 
Pell  Cooper 
Robert  A.  Fvans 
William  G.  Stewart 
William  C.  Farris 

Joseph  E.  Setzer  * 
David  B.  Brantlev 
Lonnie  W  Carraway 
Robert  L.  Turner 
Rose  V.  Williams 
Elizabeth  A.  Heath 


Ac/tlrcss 

Morehead  City 
New  Bern 
New  Bern 

Kenansville 

Kenansville 

Jacksonville 

Richlands 

PoUocksvilIe 

Jacksonville 

Kenansville 

Kenansville 

Wilmington 
Wilmington 
Wilmington 
Wilmington 
Wilmington 
Wilmington 
Wilmington 

Hahfax 
Jackson 
Windsor 
Winton 

Wilson 

Tarboro 

Tarboro 

Tarboro 

Rock)'  Mount 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Goldsboro 

Goldsboro 

Kmston 

Kinston 

Goldsboro 

Goldsboro 


640 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


District 

Court  Judges  (continued) 

DisUict 

Judge 

Address 

9 

Charles  W.  Wilkinson,  Jr.* 

Oxford 

J.  Larry  Senter 

Franklinton 

H.  Weldon  Lloyd,  Jr. 

Henderson 

Daniel  Frederick  Finch 

Oxford 

J.  Henry  Banks 

Henderson 

Garey  M.  Ballance 

Warrenton 

9A 

Mark  E.  Galloway* 

Roxboro 

Lloyd  M.  Gentry 

Pelham 

10 

Joyce  A.  Hamilton* 

Raleigh 

James  R.  Fullwood 

Raleigh 

Anne  B.  Salisbury 

Raleigh 

William  C.  Lawton 

Raleigh 

Michael  R.  Morgan 

Raleigh 

Robert  Blackwell  Rader 

Raleigh 

Paul  G.  Gessner 

Raleigh 

Alice  C.  Stubbs 

Raleigh 

Kristen  Ruth 

Raleigh 

Craig  Groom 

Raleigh 

Kris  D.  Bailey 

Raleigh 

Jennifer  M.  Green 

Raleigh 

Monica  M.  Bousman 

Raleigh 

Jane  Powell  Gray 

Raleigh 

Shelley  Desvousges 

Raleigh 

11 

Albert  A.  Corbett,  Jr.* 

Smithfield 

Edward  H.  McCormick 

Lillington 

Marcia  K.  Stewart 

Smithfield 

Jacquelyn  L.  Lee 

Sanford 

Jimmy  L.  Love,  Jr. 

Sanford 

Addie  M.  Harris  Rawls 

Smithfield 

George  R.  Murphy 

LiUington 

Resson  O.  Faircloth,  111 

Lillington 

12 

A.  Elizabeth  Keever* 

Fayetteville 

John  S.  Hair,  Jr. 

Fayetteville 

Robert  J.  Stiehl,  111 

Fayetteville 

Edward  A.  Pone 

Fayetteville 

C.  Edward  Donaldson 

Fayetteville 

Kimbrell  Kelly  Tucker 

Fayetteville 

641 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


District  Court  Judges  (continued) 


Dis/zid 

judge 

Acicircss 

12 

John  W.  Dickson 

Fayetteville 

Cheri  L.  Beasley 

Fayetteville 

Dougald  Clark,  Jr. 

Fayetteville 

J 

13 

J  err}'  A.  Jolly* 

Tabor  City 

Napoleon  B.  Barefool,  Jr. 

Bolivia 

Thomas  V.  Aldriclge,  Jr. 

Whiteville 

Nancy  C.  Phillips 

Elizabethtown 

Douglas  B.  Sasser 

Whiteville 

Marioii  R.  Warren 

Bolivia 

14 

Elaine  M.  O'Neal* 

Durham 

Richard  G.  Chanev 

J 

Durham 

Craig  B.  Brown 

Durham 

Ann  E.  McKown 

Durham 

Marcia  H.  Morey 

Durham 

James  T.  Hill 

Durham 

15A 

James  Kent  Washburn* 

Graham 

Ernest  J.  Haniel 

Graham 

Bradley  R.  Allen,  Sr. 

Graham 

James  K.  Roberson 

Graham 

15B 

Joseph  M.  Buckner* 

Hillsborough 

Alonzo  Brown  Coleman,  Jr. 

Hillsborough 

Charles  T.L.  Anderson 

Hillsborough 

M.  Patricia  DeVine 

Hillsborough 

16A 

Warren  L.  Pate* 

Raeford 

William  C.  Mcllwam 

Laurinburg 

Richard  T.  Brown 

Laurinburg 

16B 

J.  Stanley  Carmical* 

Lumberton 

Herbert  L.  Richardson 

Lumberton 

John  B.  Carter,  Jr. 

Lumberton 

William  Jeffrey  Moore 

Pembroke 

James  Gregory  Bell 

Lumberton 

17A 

Richard  W  Stone* 

Wentworth 

Frederick  B.  Wilkins,  Jr. 

Wentworth 

C/iicf  DisivKi  Court  Judge 


642 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


District  Court  Judges  (continued) 

District        Judge 

17B  Otis  M.Oliver* 

Charles  Mitchell  Neaves,  Jr. 

Spencer  G.  Key,  Jr. 


18 


19A 


19B 


19C 


20 


Joseph  E.  Turner* 
William  L.  Daisy 
Thomas  G.  Foster,  Jr. 
Lawrence  C.  McSwain 
Wendy  M.  Enochs 
Susan  E.  Bray 
Patrice  A.  Hinnant 
A.  Robinson  Hassell 
Thomas  Jarrell,  Jr. 
Susan  R.  Burch 
Theresa  H.  Vincent 
William  K.  Hunter 


Address 
Dobson 
Dobson 
Dobson 

Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 
Greensboro 


William  G.  Hamby,  Jr.*  Concord 

Donna  Hedgepeth  Johnson  Concord 

Martin  B.  McGee  Concord 

Michael  G.  Knox  Concord 


William  M.  Neely* 

Asheboro 

Vance  B.  Long 

Asheboro 

Michael  A.  Sabiston 

Troy 

Jayrene  Russell  Maness 

Carthage 

Lee  W  Gavm 

Asheboro 

Scott  C.  Etheridge 

Asheboro 

Charles  E.  Brown* 

Salisbury 

Beth  Spencer  Dixon 

Salisbury 

William  C.  Kluttz,  Jr. 

Salisbury 

Kevin  G.  Eddinger 

Salisbury 

Tanya  T.  Wallace* 

Albemarle 

Joseph  J.  Williams 

Monroe 

Christopher  W  Bragg 

Monroe 

Kevin  M.  Bridges 

Albemarle 

Lisa  D.  Thacker 

Wadesboro 

N.  Hunt  Gwyn 

Monroe 

Scott  T.  Brewer 

Monroe 

643 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


District  Comt  Judges  (continued) 

Distncl 
21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


J  "4'^' 

Address 

William  B.  Remmld* 

Wmston-Salem 

Chester  C.  Davis 

Wmston-Salem 

William  T.  Graham,  Jr. 

Winston-Salem 

Victoria  Lane  Roemer 

Wmston-Salem 

Laurie  L.  Hutchms 

Wmston-Salem 

Lisa  Menefee 

Winston-Salem 

Lawrence  J.  Fine 

Wmston-Salem 

Denise  S.  Hartsfield 

Wmston-Salem 

Samuel  A.  Cathey* 

Statesville 

James  M.  Honeycutt 

Lexington 

Jimmy  L.  Myers 

Mocksville 

Wa>'Tie  L.  Michael 

Lexms'ton 

Lawrence  Dale  Graham 

Taylorsville 

Julia  S.  Gullett 

Statesville 

Theodore  S.  Royster,  Jr. 

Lexington 

April  C.  Wood 

Statesville 

Mary  F.  Covington 

Statesville 

Edgar  B.  Gregoiy* 

Wilkesboro 

David  V  B\i-d 

J 

Wilkesboro 

Jeanie  R.  Houston 

Wilkesboro 

Mitchell  L.  McLean 

Wilkesboro 

R.  Alexander  Lyerly* 

Banner  Elk 

William  A.  Leavell  III 

BakersviUe 

Kyle  Da\id  Austin 

Pineola 

Bruce  B.  Briggs 

Mars  Hill 

Robert  M.  Brady* 

Lenoir 

Gregoiy  R.  Hayes 

Hickory 

L.  Suzanne  Owsley 

Hickorv 

C.  Thomas  Edwards 

Morganton 

Buford  A.  Cheriy 

Hickory 

Sherri  Wilson  Elliott 

Newton 

John  R.  Mull 

Morganton 

Amy  R.  Sigmon 

Newton 

*  Oxk'i  Distncl  Coun  Judge 


644 


THE 

JUDICIAL    BRANCH 

CHAPTER    SIX 

District 

Court  Judges  (continued) 

District 

Judge 

Address 

26 

Fritz  Y.  Mercer,  Jr.* 

Charlotte 

H.  William  Constangy 

Charlotte 

Jane  V  Harper 

Charlotte 

Philip  E  Howerton,  Jr. 

Charlotte 

Elizabeth  D.  Miller 

Charlotte 

Rickye  McKoy-Mitchell 

Charlotte 

Lisa  C.  Bell 

Charlotte 

Louis  A.  Trosch,  Jr. 

Charlotte 

Regan  A.  Miller 

Charlotte 

Nancy  Norelli 

Charlotte 

Hugh  B.  Lewis 

Charlotte 

Avril  Ussery  Sisk 

Charlotte 

Nathaniel  P.  Proctor 

Charlotte 

Becky  Thorne  Tin 

Charlotte 

Ben  S.  Thalheimer 

Charlotte 

Thomas  E  Moore 

Charlotte 

Hugh  B.  Campbell,  Jr. 

Charlotte 

27A 

Dennis  J.  Redwing* 

Gastonia 

Angela  G.  Hoyle 

Gastoma 

John  K.  Greenlee 

Gastoma 

James  J.  Jackson 

Gastonia 

Ralph  C.  Gingles,  Jr. 

Gastonia 

Thomas  G.  Taylor 

Gastonia 

27B 

Larry  James  Wilson* 

Shelby 

Anna  E  Eoster 

Shelby 

J 

Kevin  Dean  Black 

Shelby 

Charles  A.  Horn,  Jr. 

Shelby 

28 

Gary  S.  Cash* 

Asheville 

Peter  L.  Roda 

Asheville 

Shirley  H.  Brown 

Asheville 

Rebecca  B.  Knight 

Asheville 

Marvin  P  Pope,  Jr. 

Asheville 

Patricia  A.  Kaufman 

Asheville 

29 

Robert  S.  Cilley* 

Brevard 

Mark  E.  Powell 

Hendersonville 

David  Kennedy  Fox 

Hendersonville 

Laura  J.  Bridges 

Rutherfordton 

645 

NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


District  Court  Judges  (continued) 


Distriit 

jlid>^C 

Atidrcs.s 

29 

C.  Randv  Pool 

Marion 

C.  Dawn  Skerrctt 

Cedar  Mountain 

30 

Danny  E.  Davis* 

Waynesville 

Steven  J.  Bryant 

Bryson  City 

Richlyn  D.  Holt 

Waynesville 

Bradley  B.  Letts 

Sylva 

Monica  Hayes  Leslie 

Waynesville 

For  more  information  about  N.C.  District  Court,  call  (919)  733-7107. 
*  C/iic/  Distvkl  Court  Judge 

N.C.  District  Attorneys  as  of  2004 


Distriit 

District  Attorney 

Address 

1 

Frank  R.  Parrish 

Elizabeth  City 

2 

Seth  H.  Fdwards 

Washington 

3A 

W  Clark  Everett 

Green\iIIe 

3B 

W  David  McFadyen,  Jr. 

New  Bern 

4 

G.  Devv^ey  Hudson,  Jr. 

Jacksonville 

5 

John  W.  Shernll 

Wilmington 

6A 

William  G.  Graham 

Halifax 

6B 

Valerie  M.  Asbell 

Ahoskie 

7 

Howard  S.  Boney,  Jr. 

Tarboro 

8 

C.  Branson  Vickory,  111 

Goldsboro 

9 

Samuel  Currin,  III 

Oxford 

9A 

Joel  H.  Brewer 

Roxboro 

10 

C.  Colon  Willoughby,  Jr. 

Raleigh 

11 

Thomas  H.  Lock 

Smithfield 

12 

Edward  W  Grannis,  Jr. 

Fayetteville 

J 

13 

Rex  Gore 

Bolivia 

14 

James  E.  Hardin,  Jr. 

Durham 

646 


THE    JUDICIAL    BRANCH          CHAPTER    SIX 

N.C.  District  Attorneys  as  of  2004  (continued) 

District 

District  Attorney 

Address 

15A 

Robert  F.  Johnson 

Graham 

15B 

Carl  R.  Fox 

Hillsborough 

16A 

Kristy  M.  Newton 

Raeford 

16B 

L.  Johnson  Britt,  III 

Lumberton 

17A 

BeUnda  J.  Foster 

Wentworth 

17B 

C.  Ricky  Bowman 

Dobson 

18 

R.  Stuart  Albright 

Greensboro 

19A 

Roxann  Vaneekhoven 

Concord 

19B 

Garland  N.  Yates 

Asheboro 

19C 

William  D.  Kenerly 

Salisbury 

20 

Kenneth  W  Honeycutt 

Monroe 

21 

Thomas  J.  Keith 

Winston-Salem 

22 

Gary  W.  Frank 

Lexington 

23 

Thomas  E.  Horner 

Wilkesboro 

24 

Gerald  W.  Wilson 

Boone 

25 

James  C.  Gaither 

Newton 

26 

Peter  S.  Gilchrist,  III 

Charlotte 

27A 

Michael  K.  Lands 

Gastonia 

27B 

William  C.  Young 

Shelby 

28 

Ronald  L.  Moore 

Asheville 

29 

Jeff  Hunt 

Hendersonville 

30 

Michael  Bonfoey 

Waynesville 

For  more 

information  on  N.C.  District  Attorneys,  call  (919)  733-7107. 

647 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


648 


THE    JUDICIAL     BRANCH 


CHAPTER    SIX 


649 


UNC  SYSTEM  COLL E 


UNC  System  Colleges  and  Universities 

The  University  of  North  CaroUna  consists  of  sixteen  institutions,  all  governed 
by  a  single  Board  of  Governors.  Each  member  institution,  however,  has  its  own 
board  of  trustees  and  its  own  distinctive  histor)'  and  mission. 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  chartered  in  1789,  opened  its 
doors  to  students  in  1795.  It  was  the  first  state  university  in  the  United  States  to  do 
so.  Throughout  most  of  its  history,  a  board  of  trustees,  chosen  by  the  General 
Assembly  and  presided  over  by  the  governor,  has  guided  the  university.  Between 
1917  and  1972,  the  board  consisted  of  one  hundred  elected  members  and  a  varying 
number  of  ex-officio  members.  Without  changing  the  universitys  name,  the  General 
Assembly  of  1931  merged  it  with  the  North  Carolina  College  for  Women  at 
Greensboro  and  the  North  Carolina  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Engineering  at 
Raleigh  to  form  a  multi-campus  institution  called  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 

In  1963  the  General  Assembly  changed  the  name  of  the  campus  at  Chapel  Hill 
to  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill.  At  the  same  time,  it  renamed  the 
Greensboro  campus  to  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Greensboro.  The  name 
of  the  Raleigh  campus  changed  in  1965  to  North  Carolina  State  University  at  Raleigh. 
Charlotte  College  entered  the  system  as  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Charlotte 
in  1965  and,  in  1969,  Asheville-Biltmore  College  and  Wilmington  College  became 
the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Ashe\'ille  and  the  University  of  North  Carolina 
at  Wilmington  respectively. 

On  October  30,  1971,  a  special  session  of  the  General  Assembly  merged  the 
remaining  ten  state-supported  senior  institutions  into  the  university  system  without 
changing  their  names.  The  addition  of  Appalachian  State  University  (Boone),  East 
Carolina  University  (Greenville),  Elizabeth  City  State  University  (Elizabeth  City), 
Fayetteville  State  University  (Fayetteville),  North  CaroUna  Agricultural  and  Technical 
State  University  (Greensboro),  North  Carolina  Central  University  (Durham),  North 
CaroHna  School  of  the  Arts  (Winston-Salem),  Pembroke  State  University  (Pembroke, 
renamed  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Pembroke  in  1996),  Western  Carolina 
University  (Cullowhee)  and  Winston-Salem  State  University  (Winston-Salem)  created 
a  statewide  multi-campus  university  of  sixteen  constituent  institutions. 

The  constitutionally-authorized  board  of  trustees,  composed  of  100  members, 
was  named  the  Board  of  Governors.  The  legislature  lowered  the  number  of  board 
members  to  thirty-two,  half  of  them  elected  every  two  years  by  the  General  Assembly. 


AND  UNI  VERS  ITTES 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

It  also  granted  them  the  authority  to  choose  their  own  chairman  and  other  officers, 
hi  1991,  the  legislature  added  several  special  members  to  the  board,  including  the 
president  ol  the  UNC  Association  of  Student  Governments,  former  board  chairs  j 
and  lormer  governors.  The  Board  of  Go\'ernors  exercises  live  major  categories  of 
powers  and  duties: 

ContioL,  supel^dse,  manage  and  govern  all  affaii's  of  the  member 
institutions  of  the  university  system.  This  includes  approving  the 
establisliment  of  any  new  public  senior  institution. 

Mauitain  liaison  with  the  N.C.  Board  of  Education  and  the  Depaitment 
of  Community  Colleges  in  order  to  develop  a  coordinated,  long-range         il 
plan  for  liigher  education  m  the  state. 

Administer  all  state  and  federal  aid  programs  for  post-secondary 
education,  except  for  those  related  exclusively  to  the  community 
colleges.  The  board  must  administer  these  progi'ams  in  accordance  with 
state  or  federal  statutes  to  ensure  that  they  meet  the  goals  of  the 
system's  long-range  plan. 

Determine  the  ftmctions,  educational  activities  and  academic  programs       , 
of  the  member  histitutions.  hi  particulai-,  the  board  has  the  authority  to 
determine  the  types  of  degrees  awarded  through  eveiy  institution  in  the 
system.  The  Board  of  Governors  can  withdraw  approval  of  existing 
degree  programs  it  deems  unproductive,  excessively  costly  or  redundant 
Before  doing  so,  however,  it  must  provide  notice  of  intent  to  the  member 
histitution  s  board  of  tiaistees. 

Collect  and  disseminate  data  and  prescribe  unifoiTn  repoiting  practices 
and  policies  for  member  institutions.  The  Board  of  Governors  gives 
advice  and  recommendations  concerning  higher  education  to  the 
governor,  the  General  Assembly,  the  Advisoiy  Budget  Commission  and 
boards  of  tioistees  at  each  constituent  institutions.  The  boaid  has  the 
power  to  delegate  some  of  its  authority  to  boards  of  trustees  at  member 
institutions. 

The  president  ot  the  university  system  administers  the  system  and  executes 
policies  set  by  the  Board  oi  Governors.  The  president,  the  officers  of  the  university 
and  their  supporting  stafts  constitute  the  general  administration  of  the  university. 
The  president  prepares  the  systems  annual  budget,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
Board  of  Governors,  for  the  General  Assembly 

The  Administrative  Council,  consisting  of  the  system  president,  the  chancellors 
ol  the  sixteen  member  institutions  and  principal  members  of  the  presidents  staff, 
nieets  monthly  to  exchange  mtormation  and  ad\'ice  on  issues  affecting  all  of  the 
campuses  m  the  system.  The  Faculty  Assembl);  whose  members  are  drawn  from 
the  faculties  of  the  sixteen  member  institutions,  also  provides  advice  to  the  system 
president,  as  does  the  Student  Advisory  Council,  composed  of  ex-olTicio  student 
body  presidents  from  each  member  institution.  I 

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UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

In  1976,  by  agreement  among  the  president  of  the  university,  the  president  of 
the  N.C.  Community  College  System  and  the  chairman  of  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  North  Carolina  Association  of  Independent  Colleges  and  Universities,  a  new 
three-part  Uaison  committee  was  formed  to  provide  a  forum  where  matters  of  mutual 
concern  to  the  three  sectors  may  be  discussed.  The  1993  General  Assembly  created 
an  Education  Cabinet  consisting  of  the  governor,  the  president  of  the  university 
system,  the  N.C.  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  the  president  of  the 
N.C.  Community  College  System.  The  cabinet  also  allows  representatives  from  the 
states  private  colleges  and  universities  to  participate  in  its  deliberations.  The  cabinet 
resolves  any  issues  that  may  affect  the  various  parts  of  the  states  post-secondary 
education  infrastructure.  It  develops  and  refines  a  strategic  plan  that  provides  a  full 
spectrum  of  education  programs  throughout  the  state.  The  cabinet  also  deliberates 
on  any  issues  referred  to  it  by  the  governor  or  the  General  Assembly.  The  State 
Education  Commission,  consisting  of  governing  boards  for  the  university  system, 
community  colleges  and  N.C.  Department  of  Public  Instruction,  provides  a  forum 
for  board-to-board  dialogue  on  issues  addressed  by  the  Education  Cabinet. 

The  university  systems  television  network,  the  UNC  Center  for  Public  Television, 
provides  television  programming  throughout  the  state  for  educational  purposes, 
information  dissemination  and  cultural  enrichment.  The  broadcast  facilities,  owned 
by  the  university,  are  licensed  by  the  Federal  Communications  Commission  to 
operate  in  the  publics  interest.  Staff  identify  community  problems  and  needs,  then 
acquire  or  develop  and  produce  programming  to  meet  those  needs.  Staff  also  schedule 
programming  to  maximize  the  viewing  audience,  provide  information  to  potential 
audiences,  assist  in  reception  of  programs  and  evaluate  the  effectiveness  of  the  process. 

The  1979  General  Assembly  authorized  and  directed  the  UNC  Board  of  Governors 
to  establish  'The  University  of  North  Carolina  Center  for  Public  Television"  m 
order  to  enhance  the  uses  of  television  for  pubhc  purposes.  The  board  was  authorized 
and  directed  to  establish  a  board  of  trustees  for  the  center  and  to  delegate  all  necessary 
and  appropriate  powers  to  the  trustees.  Members  of  the  board  of  trustees  serve 
four-year  terms.  The  boards  membership  includes  eleven  persons  appointed  by  the 
Board  of  Governors;  four  persons  appointed  by  the  governor;  one  state  senator 
appointed  by  the  president  of  the  Senate;  one  member  of  the  N.C.  House  of 
Representatives  appointed  by  the  speaker  of  the  House;  and,  ex-officio,  the  secretary 
of  the  Department  of  Cultural  Resources,  the  secretary  of  the  Department  of  Health 
and  Human  Services,  the  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  the  president  of  the 
N.C.  Community  College  System  and  the  president  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina. 

The  creation  of  the  UNC  Health  Care  System  was  made  possible  by  a  special 
provision  in  the  1998  state  budget  adopted  by  the  N.C.  General  Assembly  The 
revamped  health  care  system  created  greater  management  flexibility  and  changed 


655 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

the  former  governance  struclure  o{  UNC  Hospitals.  The  UNC  Health  Care  System 
maintains  its  accountability  to  the  UNC  Board  of  Governors,  yet  ensures  adequate 
representation  from  the  UNC-Chapel  Hill  medical  school  and  the  Chapel  Hill 
campus,  UNC  Hospitals  and  the  lay  public.  Seven  university  officials  servT  as  voting 
ex-othcio  members,  while  between  nine  and  21  members-at-large  are  drawn  from 
the  fields  ol  business,  management  and  health-care  delivery,  along  with  others  who 
have  demonstrated  dedication  to  improving  health  care  m  the  state. 

Each  member  institution  ot  the  University  of  North  Carolina  has  its  own  board 
of  trustees.  Each  board  has  thirteen  members,  eight  ot  whom  are  appointed  by  the 
Board  of  Governors  and  four  by  the  governor  with  the  elected  president  of  the  | 
student  body  serving  as  an  ex-otticio  member.  The  principal  powers  of  each 
institutional  board  are  exercised  under  a  delegation  from  the  Board  of  Governors. 
The  duties  and  responsibilities  of  these  boards  fall  into  three  broad  categories: 

Promoting  the  sound  execution  of  the  institution's  mission. 

Advising  the  Board  of  Governors  on  matters  pertaining  to  the  institution. 

Advising  the  chancellor  on  the  management  and  development  of  the 
institution. 

The  North  Carolina  School  of  the  Arts  has  two  additional  ex-officio  members. 
Each  member  institution  has  its  own  faculty  and  student  body.  A  chancellor  heads  ■ 
each  as  its  chief  administrative  ofhcer.  The  chancellors  of  various  member  institutions 
report  to  the  system  president,  who  ser\'es  as  the  chief  administrative  and  executive 
officer  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 


656 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES 


CHAPTER    SEVEN 


Dr.  Molly  Corbett  Broad 

President 

Uni\ersity  of  North  Carolina 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Wilkes-Barre,  Pennsylvania,  on  February 
22,  1941  to  Stanley  and  Margaret  Mary  Corbett. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

E.L.  Myers  High  School,  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.;  B.A. 
in  Economics,  Syracuse  University,  1962;  M.A.  in 
Economics,  Ohio  State  University,  1964;  Ph.D. 
Candidate  m  Economics,  Syracuse  University. 

ProfessionalBackground 

President,  University  of  North  Carolina,  1997- 
Present. 

Business/Professionaly  Charitahle/Cwic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Council  on  Competitiveness,  Executive  Committee;  Board  of  Trustees,  National 
Humanity  Center;  Board  of  Directors,  James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.,  Institute  for  Educational 
Leadership  and  Policy. 

Elected  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair-Elect,  Board  of  Directors,  National  Association  of  State  Universities  and  Land- 
Grant  Colleges;  National  Advisory  Board,  National  Survey  of  Student  Engagement; 
Board  of  Directors,  N.C.  Economic  Development  Board. 

Honors  andAwards 

Alexander  Meiklejohn  Award  on  Academic  Ereedom;  Doctors  of  Law,  Notre  Dame; 
2001  Tarheel  of  the  Year  Award. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married  to  Robert  W.  Broad.  Two  children. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Appalachian  State  University 

Appalachian  State  University,  founded  m  1899,  coffers  a  special  learning  environment 
for  students,  faculty,  staff,  alumni,  the  community  and  others  across  the  region, 
state  and  nation.  In  fact,  learning  is  central  to  every  program  and  activity  at 
Appalachian.  With  students  as  the  priniary  focus,  the  university  is  evolving  as  a 
model  learning  community. 

University  programs,  such  as  Freshman  Seminar,  have  received  national 
recognition.  Innovative  partnerships  with  public  schools,  community  colleges, 
business  and  industry,  retirement  centers  and  others  provide  students  opportunities 
to  transform  classroom  learning  into  real- world  experience.  Research  and  senice 
support  Appalachians  instructional  mission.  Students  regularly  participate  m  research 
projects  and  presentations  under  the  tutelage  of  their  faculty. 

Appalachian  actively  promotes  international  experiences  for  students  and  faculty 
through  study  abroad  and  international  exchange  programs.  In  fact,  Appalachian 
has  been  recognized  for  having  a  high  percentage  of  students  studying  abroad  among 
masters  degree-granting  institutions. 

University  enrollment  has  grown  steadily  through  the  institutions  transformation 
from  Appalachian  State  Normal  School  m  1925  to  Appalachian  State  Teachers' 
College  in  1929  to  Appalachian  State  University  in  1967.  The  institution  joined  the 
consolidated  University  of  North  Carolina  m  1972.  The  campus  occupies  more 
than  70  mam  buildings  in  its  250  acres.  Properties  m  Washington,  D.C.,  and  New 
York  City  provide  opportunities  for  special  off-campus  learning  experiences.  The 
university  provides  student  leadership  and  citizenship  opportunities  through 
invoh'ement  in  uni\'ersity  committees  and  the  Student  Government  Association  or 
in  one  of  more  than  200  student  clubs  and  organizations.  It  also  fosters  a 
commitment  to  community  service  and  outreach  through  volunteer  activities 
coordinated  throughout  the  region  and  across  North  Carolina. 

The  university  has  ranked  consistently  among  the  top  15  comprehensive  regional 
universities  m  the  South  since  U.S.  News  &  World  Report  began  ranking  colleges 
and  universities  m  1986.  Appalachians  enrollment  is  approximately  12,300  students, 
representing  most  of  the  states  100  counties.  Students  from  40  other  states  and 
some  50  nations  also  attend  the  university  The  university  offers  95  undergraduate 
and  81  graduate  degree  programs,  as  well  as  a  doctorate  in  educational  leadership. 

Recently,  Appalachian  and  nine  North  Carolina  community  colleges  forged  an 
alliance  to  increase  access  to  higher  education  m  the  state  and  to  expand  learning 
opportunities  through  collaboration  and  a  variety  of  outreach  initiatives.  The 
Appalachian  Learning  Alliance  member  institutions  share  technology,  libraries,  faculty 
and  other  educational  resources  to  delix'cr  learning  programs  and  courses  to  a  wider 
range  of  traditional  and  non-traditional  students.  As  this  alliance  develops,  it  will 


658 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

primarily  serve  the  region  extending  from  Wmston-Salem  to  Marion  and  from  the 
Virginia  border  to  South  CaroHna. 

Appalachian  State  University  has  educated  more  than  84,000  students  during 
its  hrst  100  years.  Approximately  three-fourths  of  the  university's  living  alumni 
continue  to  reside  in  North  Carohna  and  represent  one-fourth  of  public  school 
teachers,  school  administrators  and  the  states  city  and  town  managers.  Alumni  also 
hold  a  wide  range  of  business,  professional  and  government  leadership  positions 
across  the  state. 

Appalachian  is  located  in  Boone,  North  Carolina,  in  the  heart  of  the  Blue  Ridge 
Mountains.  The  university  is  close  to  the  Virginia  and  Tennessee  borders  and  a 
two-hour  drive  from  the  regions  major  airports  and  population  centers.  The 
university  welcomes  and  encourages  prospective  students,  alumni  and  friends  to 
visit  the  campus  and  tour  the  surrounding  area. 

Dr.  Kenneth  E.  Peacock 

Chancellor 

Appalachian  State  Uni\ersity 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Rocky  Mount  on  June  20,  1948. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Rocky  Mount  Senior  High,  1966;  B.S.  in  Accounting, 
Mars  Hill  College,  1970;  M.S.  in  Accounting,  Louisiana 
Slate  University,  1977;  Ph.D.  m  Accounting,  Louisiana 
Slate  University  1979. 

j  ProfessionalBackground 

Chancellor,  Appalachian  State  University 

I  Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Investment  Advisory  Committee,  AACSB  International;  Board  of  Directors,  Watauga 
Medical  Center  Foundation;  Board  of  Directors,  Grandfather  Home  for  Children. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married,  Roseanne  Barkley  Peacock.  Two  children. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

East  Carolina  University 

East  Carolina  University  celebraled  95  years  of  service  to  the  eastern  region  of 
the  slate  in  March,  2002.  The  university  is  located  adjacent  to  downtown  Greenville 
(population  60,500),  a  business,  medical  and  educational  center  on  the  coastal 
plain  80  miles  east  of  Raleigh.  Greenville  is  a  little  over  an  hour's  drive  from  a 
variety  ot  coastal  resorts  and  recreation  areas. 

Under  the  leadership  of  Governor  Charles  Brantley  Aycock  early  m  the  20th 
Centur\',  North  Carolina  enrbarked  upon  an  ambitious  and  unprecedented  program 
ot  improving  public  education.  During  the  movements  hrst  decade,  new  schools 
were  being  opened  at  the  remarkable  rate  of  one  a  day  Aycocks  intent  was  to  lift 
North  Carolina  Irom  the  abyss  of  illiteracy  and  ignorance.  To  supp)ly  quahfied  teachers 
for  the  program,  state  leaders  founded  a  new  public  normal  school  m  the  mostly 
rural,  agriculturally-rich  eastern  half  of  the  state.  That  institution  ot  higher  learning 
IS  now  East  Carolina  University. 

Chartered  m  1907  as  a  teacher  training  school.  East  Carolina  University  has 
moved  m  a  rapid  and  orderly  transition  from  normal  school  to  liberal  arts  college 
to  multi-faceted  university  and  has  become  the  focal  point  for  higher  education, 
professional  training,  ser\'ice  and  cultural  development,  including  the  fine  arts  and 
music,  tor  eastern  North  Carolina.  In  1941,  the  General  Assembly  authorized  East 
Carolina  to  institute  a  liberal  arts  program  of  equal  standing  with  its  teacher  education 
program.  By  the  1960s,  the  college  had  become  the  third  largest  institution  of  higher 
learning  m  the  state.  In  1967,  the  General  Assembly  elevated  East  Carolina  College 
to  the  status  of  a  state-supported  university  with  a  mandate  to  expand  programs  in 
all  areas.  In  1972,  ECU  became  a  constituent  institution  ot  the  University  of  Nortli 
Carolina  system.  During  the  1970s,  ECU  won  authorization  to  establish  a  school 
of  medicine  which,  with  Pitt  County  Memorial  Hospital,  has  become  the  center  of 
a  major  regional  complex  of  medical  training,  treatment  and  health  care. 

ECU  currently  consists  of  eleven  professional  schools,  the  College  of  Arts  and 

Sciences  with  16  academic  departments  and  nine  interdisciplinary  programs,  the 

Graduate  School,  the  School  of  Medicine,  the  General  College,  two  librarv  divisions, 

the  Division  of  Continuing  Studies,  the  Regional  Development  Institute,  the  Institute  ' 

for  Coastal  and  Marine  Resources,  The  Institute  for  Historical  and  Cultural  Research,  ' 

I 

the  Center  for  Applied  Technology,  the  BB&T  Center  for  Leadership  Development,  • 
the  Small  Business  and  Technology  Development  Center,  the  Rural  Education  i 
Institute,  the  Center  on  Aging,  the  Science  Institute  for  the  Disabled,  the  Leo  W  j 
Jenkins  Cancer  Center,  the  Cardiovascular  Center,  the  Diabetes  Center  and  the  ' 
ScienceALathematics  Education  Center.  i 

East  Carolina  University  is  accredited  by  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges 
and  Schools.  Its  programs  are  fully  accredited  by  state  and  national  accrediting ; 


660 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES 


CHAPTER    SEVEN 


agencies.  The  university  is  a  member  of  or  is  accredited  by  more  than  115 
associations. 

The  total  enrollment  for  the  fall  semester  of  2001  was  nearly  19,500.  ECU 
students  come  from  99  of  North  Carohnas  100  counties,  most  of  the  50  states  and 
over  55  foreign  countries.  The  university  offers  undergraduate  degrees  in  104 
bachelors  degree  program  tracks;  two  certificate  of  advanced  study  tracks;  two 
education  specialist  degree  tracks;  six  Ph.D.  programs  m  the  basic  medical  sciences, 
Ph.D.  programs  m  Bioenergetics,  Biomedical  Physics,  Coastal  Resources 
Management,  Communication  Sciences  and  Disorders  and  Nursing;  and  two  Ed.D. 
programs  in  the  School  of  Education.  The  MD  degree  is  offered  through  the  Brody 
School  of  Medicine. 

There  are  more  than  98,000  living  alumni.  They  reside  in  each  of  the  50  states 
and  in  some  44  other  countries.  Alumni  are  informed  of  campus  and  alumni  activities 
through  alumni  publications  and  the  ECU  Alumni  Association  offers  a  wide  range 
of  programs  and  activities  for  former  students. 

!  Dr.  Steven  C.  Ballard 

Chancellor 

East  Carolina  University 

i  Early  Years 

'Born  m  Salt  Lake  City  Utah,  on  July  29,  1948 

;to  Rene  and  Lorraine  Ballard. 

j 

i  EducationalBackgroimd 

'Galesburg,  111,  Senior  High  School,  1966;  B.A. 

jin  History,  University  of  Arizona,  1970;  M.A. 

in  Political  Science,  Ohio  State  University,  1973; 

jPh.D.  in  Political  Science,  Ohio  State  University, 

'l976. 


ProfessionalBackground 

Chancellor,  East  Carolina  University. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Association  for  Higher  Education;  American  Association  of  State  Colleges 
and  Universities;  National  Association  of  State  Universities  and  Land  Grant  Colleges. 

Honors  and  Awards 

.Distinguished  Leadership  Award,  University  of  Oklahoma,  1985. 

Personallnjbrmation 

Married,  Nancy  L.  Ballard.  Two  children.  Presbyterian. 


661 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Elizabeth  City  State  University 

Elizabeth  Cily  Stale  University,  a  constituent  institution  of  The  University  of 
North  Carolina,  has  dedicated  itself  for  over  a  centur)-  to  the  constant  enhancement 
of  its  learning  environment  and  to  maintaining  a  position  on  the  frontiers  of 
opportunity  This  environment  is  especially  tailored  to  serve  a  student  population 
which  primarily  reflects  the  demographic,  socioeconomic  and  educational  diversity 
found  m  northeastern  North  Carolina. 

Over  the  past  several  years  ECSUs  undergraduate  program  has  been  significantly 
strengthened  and  diversifled  to  offer  a  range  of  degree  programs  m  the  arts  and 
sciences  and  pre-professional  programs,  as  well  as  ROTC  and  graduate  programs 
through  Its  Graduate  Center.  At  the  same  time,  the  universit)'  continues  to  emphasize 
public  and  community  senice  and  its  role  m  the  development  of  its  region. 

When  the  Honorable  Hugh  Cale,  an  Afncan-xAmencan  representati\'e  to  the  North 
Carolina  General  Assembly  from  Pascjuotank  County,  introduced  House  Bill  383 
in  the  1891  session,  few  people  realized  that  the  establishment  of  a  normal  school 
for  educating  and  training  African-American  teachers  for  North  Carolmas  common 
schools  would  have  the  impact  seen  today. 

The  State  Colored  Normal  School  opened  on  January  4,  1892,  m  a  rented 
downtown  Elizabeth  City  location  with  a  budget  of  $900,  a  faculty  of  two,  a  student 
body  of  twenty-three  and  a  curriculum  consisting  ot  elementary  and  secondary 
school  courses.  Led  by  Dr.  Peter  Weddick  Moore,  the  school  expanded  its  curriculum 
to  two-year  normal  courses  and  moved  to  its  present  location  m  1912.  Following 
Dr.  Moore s  retirement  m  1928,  Dr.  John  Bias  became  president  and  supervised  the 
transition  from  a  two-year  normal  school  to  a  four-year  teachers  college.  In  1939, 
the  General  Assembly  officially  changed  the  schools  name  to  Elizabeth  City  State 
Teachers  College  and  the  flrst  baccalaureate  degrees  were  conferred  upon  twenty- 
six  Elementaiy  Education  graduates. 

Dr.  Harold  Leonard  Trigg  and  Dr.  Sidney  David  Williams  served  Elizabeth  City 
State  Teachers  College  effectively  and  efficiently  from  1939-1958  as  the  university's 
third  and  fourth  presidents,  respectively  During  their  capable  administrations, 
improvements  and  additions  were  made  in  the  physical  plant  and  m  curncular 
offerings. 

During  the  decade  of  leadership  provided  by  Dr.  Walter  N.  Ridley,  the  schools 
fifth  president,  ECSU  made  signihcant  progress.  Curncular  otierings  were  expanded 
with  the  approval  of  additional  majors,  minors  and  concentrations.  Full  membership 
in  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools  was  granted  and  subsequently 
re-afhrmed.  The  university's  name  was  officially  changed  to  Elizabeth  City  State 


662 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

College  and  the  "Vikings"  mascot  name  was  adopted  for  intercollegiate  athletic  teams. 
Student  enrollment  broke  the  1,000  mark  for  the  first  time. 

Following  Dr.  Ridley's  resignation  in  1968,  Dr.  Marion  Dennis  Thorpe  became 
the  sixth  president.  One  year  later,  Elizabeth  City  State  College  became  Elizabeth 
City  State  University.  In  1972  the  school  became  one  of  the  sixteen  constituent 
institutions  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  and  Dr.  Thorpe  became  its  hrst 
chancellor.  During  Dr.  Thorpes  administration,  the  faculty  and  staff  doubled  in 
number,  student  enrollment  neared  1,500  and  additional  degree-granting  programs 
were  approved  and  established.  The  umversitys  annual  budget  approached  $9 
million  and  the  school's  physical  assets  grew  to  include  over  50  buildings  and 
approximately  830  acres  of  land.  The  concept  of  ECSU  as  a  "communiversity"  gained 
widespread  acceptance. 

Following  the  death  of  Dr.  Thorpe,  Dr.  Jimmy  Raymond  Jenkins  became  the 
seventh  individual  to  serve  as  head  of  the  university  and  its  second  chancellor.  No 
other  ECSU  alumnus  had  previously  held  this  office  at  any  institution  of  higher 
learning.  Dr.  Jenkins  retired  m  1995  after  serving  as  chancellor  for  12  years.  His 
successor.  Dr.  Mickey  L.  Burnim,  was  elected  unanimously  by  the  UNC  system's 
Board  of  Governors  to  the  chancellorship  on  July  1,  1996. 

Dr.  Burnim  has  focused  on  strategically  planning  the  future  course  of  the  113 
\'ear-old  university.  He  is  committed  to  positioning  ECSU  for  continued  growth 
and  success.  Elizabeth  City  State  University  seeks  to  provide  exemplary  curricula 
and  educational  support  systems  that  will  ensure  that  each  ECSU  graduate  has  the 
skills  necessary  to  participate  successfully  in  a  pluralistic,  technologically-advanced 
society  The  university  wants  its  graduates  to  understand  how  the  world  they  live  in 
IS  changing  and  how  they  can  best  adapt  to  those  changes.  ECSU  also  strives  to 
develop  an  appreciation  of  the  importance  of  Ufe-long  learning  in  its  graduates. 


663 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Dr.  Mickey  L.  Burnim 

Chancellor 

Elizabeth  City  State  lJni\ersity 

Early  Years 

Born  in  league,  Texas,  on  January  19,  1949,  to  Arzo  and 
Ruby  Burnim. 

EducationalBackgrxyund 

B.A.  (1970)  and  M.A.  (1972)  in  Economics,  Nordi  Texas 

State  University;  Ph.D.  m  Economics,  University  of 

Wisconsin-Madison,   1977;  Government  Executives 

Institute,  School  of  Business,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1983; 

Institute  for  Educational  Management,  Graduate  School  of  Education,  Harvard 

University,  1991. 

ProfessionalBacliground 

Chancellor,  Elizabeth  City  State  University,  1996-Present. 

Business/Ptr)fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Salvation  Army;  Rotary  Club;  Wachovia  Advisory  Board,  Elizabeth  City. 

Elected  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  Central  Intercollegiate  Athletic  Association  (ClAA);  SCT 
Executive  Advisory  Council. 

Personallnformation 

Married  to  LaVera  Lex'els  Burnim.  Two  children.  Methodist. 


664 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

^  Fayetteville  State  University 

In  1867,  seven  progressive  African-American  citizens  —  David  Bryant,  Nelson 
Carter,  Matthew  N.  Leary,  A.  J.  Chesnutt,  Robert  Simmons,  George  Granger,  and 
Thomas  Lomax  —  paid  $136  for  a  lot  on  Gillespie  Street  m  Fayetteville  and  formed 
a  board  of  trustees  to  maintain  this  property  permanently  as  a  site  for  educating 
Fayetteville's  African-American  children.  The  school  was  named  after  General  O.O. 
Howard  of  the  Freedman's  Bureau.  Howard  erected  the  first  building  on  the  site. 

The  1877  General  Assembly  authorized  the  establishment  of  a  normal  school 
to  educate  African-American  teachers.  The  legislature  chose  the  Howard  School  as 
the  most  promising  site  because  of  its  successful  academic  record  during  the  previous 
ten  years.  The  General  Assembly  designated  the  new  school  as  a  teacher  training 
institution  and  changed  its  name  to  the  State  Colored  Normal  School. Five  chief 
administrative  ofhcers  served  the  school  for  relatively  brief  periods  until  1899: 
Robert  L.  Harris,  Charles  W  Chesnutt,  Ezekiel  E.  Smith,  George  Williams  and  the 
Rev.  L.E.  Fairley 

Dr.  Ezekiel  Ezra  Smith  returned  to  run  the  school  m  1899.  In  1929,  all  high 
school  work  was  discontinued  at  the  normal  school.  When  Dr.  Smith  retired  as 
president  of  the  State  Normal  School  m  1933  after  40  years  of  service  to  the  university 
the  institution  had  moved  to  its  present  location  on  Murchison  Road  in  Fayetteville. 
The  new  campus  comprised  50  acres  and  ten  buildings. 

Dr.  James  Ward  Seabrook  served  as  president  from  1933  until  his  retirement  m 
1956.  In  May  of  1937,  the  N.C.  Board  of  Education  authorized  the  school  to  extend 
(the  course  of  study  it  provided  to  four  years  and  to  grant  the  Bachelor  of  Science 
idegree  in  Education.  In  1939,  the  name  of  the  institution  was  changed  to  Fayetteville 
.State  Teachers  College.  The  college  received  both  state  and  regional  accreditation  in 
'l947. 

j  Dr.  Seabrook  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  Rudolph  Jones.  During  Dr.  Jones' 
'administration,  the  colleges  curriculum  expanded  to  include  majors  m  secondary 
education  and  programs  leading  to  degrees  outside  the  teaching  field.  The  institution's 
name  changed  to  Fayetteville  State  College  in  1963.  Six  additions  were  made  to  the 
physical  plant  during  Dr.  Jones'  term  as  president  to  accommodate  a  rapidly 
expanding  enrollment.  When  Dr.  Jones  resigned  in  1969,  a  new  Administration 
Building  was  under  construction  and  the  Rudolph  Jones  Student  Center  was  on  the 
drawing  board.  In  1969,  the  institution  acquired  its  present  name,  Fayetteville  State 
University,  and  Dr.  Charles  "A"  Lyons,  Jr.  was  elected  president.  By  a  1972  legislative 
■act,  Fayetteville  State  University  became  a  constituent  institution  of  the  University 
of  North  Carolina  and  Dr.  Lyons  became  its  first  chancellor.  Dr.  Lyons  served  as 
chancellor  for  15  years. 

During  his  tenure,  the  curriculum  was  expanded  to  include  a  variety  ot  both 
baccalaureate  and  master's  level  programs.  The  Fort  Bragg-Pope  AFB  Extension 

665 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Centers,  m  conjunction  with  the  Week-End  and  Evening  College,  were  established 
to  provide  military  personnel  and  other  persons  employed  full-time  with  the 
opportunii)-  to  further  their  education.  The  general  academic  structure  took  its  present  j| 
configuration  m  1985  wiien  the  university  became  a  Comprehensive  Level  1 
Institution.  In  addition  to  expanding  program  offerings  and  ser\qces,  eight  buildings 
were  added  to  the  physical  plant  during  this  period. 

On  January  1,  1988,  Dr.  Lloyd  V  Hackley  became  the  universitys  seventh  chief 
executive  officer.  During  his  seven  years  at  FSU,  Dr.  Hackley  turther  expanded  program 
offerings  and  improved  the  campus  environment  m  response  to  the  needs  and  ' 
interests  of  students  and  the  community.  ESU  s  masters  degrees  expanded  to  include  • 
business  administration,  education,  English,  biology,  sociology,  psychology,  j 
mathematics,  and  history.  The  university  added  its  first  doctoral  program,  m  i 
educational  leadership,  and  its  baccalaureate  programs  grew  to  include  38  disciplines  '<■ 
in  the  arts  and  sciences,  business  and  economics  and  education.  The  $6.3  million 
School  of  Business  and  Economics  Building  and  the  $10.9  million  Health  and 
Physical  Education  Complex  underscored  Dr.  Hackleys  commitment  to  ESUs 
continued  expansion  and  growth. 

Chancellor  Hackle)'  also  strengthened  the  universitys  community  outreach  to 
children  in  local  public  schools  who  were  at  risk  of  dropping  out.  ESU  developed 
a  variety  of  scholarships  and  tutor/mentor  programs  to  encourage  public  school 
students  to  stay  m  school.  ESU  conducted  its  first  public  capital  campaign  during 
Dr.  Hackleys  tenure,  a  successful  project  that  allowed  the  university  to  boost  the 
number  of  privately-funded  scholarships  it  provided  students  to  over  200.  Dr. 
Hackley  left  Eayetteville  State  University  m  late  1995.  Dr.  Donna  J.  Benson  served 
briefly  as  Eayetteville  State  Universitys  interim  chancellor. 

Dr.  Willis  B.  McLeod,  a  long-time  educator  and  administrator  m  public  school 
systems  across  the  nation  and  a  former  Rockefeller  Eoundation  Eellow,  took  office 
m  November,  1995,  as  Eayetteville  State  Universitys  new  chancellor.  Continuing 
the  tradition  of  effective  management  set  by  his  predecessors.  Dr.  McLeod  introduced 
a  number  of  innovations  at  ESU.  The  new  Ereshman  Year  Initiative  (EY.l.)  program, 
designed  to  improve  students'  educational  outcomes,  debuted  m  the  fall  semester 
of  1996. 

The  McLeod  administration  has  also  moved  to  strengthen  ties  between  the 
university  and  the  community.  Major  campus  improvements,  most  notably  the 
expansion  of  the  Rudolph  Jones  Student  Center  and  a  planned  $12  million  Erne 
Arts  Building,  are  underway.  Dr.  McLeod  has  also  been  instrumental  m  lorming  a 
new  regional  partnership  between  public  school,  community  college  and  uni\-ersity 
leaders  to  focus  on  strengthening  the  educational  path  from  pre-school  through 
post-graduate  studies. 


666 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES 


CHAPTER    SEVEN 


Dr.  TJ.  Bryan 

Chancellor 

Fayetteville  State  University 

Early  Years 

Bom  August  21,  1945,  m  Scotland,  Matyland,  to 
Joseph  and  Mar)-  Gertmde  Btyan. 

EducationalBackground 

Eastern  High  School,  Baltimore,  Md,  1963;  B.A.  in 
English,  Morgan  State  University,  1970;  M.A.  m 
English,  Morgan  State  University,  1974;  Ph.D.  in 
English,  University  of  Maryland,  1982. 

!  ProfessionalBackground 

'  Chancellor,  Fayette\ille  State  University. 

Business/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or 
Community  Service  Organizations 

Fayetteville  Area  Economic  Development  Corporation;  Fayetteville  Chamber  of 
Commerce  (Ex-Officio);  Institute  for  Community  Leadership. 

Elected  or  AppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Advisory  Board  of  Directors,  Fayetteville-area  Wachovia  Bank;  CIA  University  Board 
of  Visitors;  Steering  Committee,  American  Heart  Association  Heart  Walk. 

Personallnformation 

'Mamed  to  David  George  Preston.  One  child. 


667 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


N.C.Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University 

Today,  one  of  the  nations  leading  Historically  Black  Universities  and  Colleges, 
(HBCU),  North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University  is  recognized 
as  the  top  producing  university  for  African  American  engineers  and  technologists. 
The  university's  programs  have  numerous  accreditations,  including  the  first  nationally 
accredited  MCSB  accounting  program  m  the  nation  among  HBCUs.  The  universitys 
history  as  one  of  only  eighteen  HBCUs  1890  land-grant  universities  is  well  reflected 
in  agriculture,  animal  science  and  environmental  science  programs  and  a  growing 
student  enrollment  is  a  further  reflection  of  the  demands  for  the  North  Carolina  A& 
Ts  programs  in  education,  nursing  and  arts  and  sciences. 

North  Carolina  A&T  also  has  a  rich  civil  rights  legacy,  and  its  students,  especially 
the  Greensboro  Four  who  are  credited  with  beginning  the  movement,  played  a 
prominent  role  in  the  sit-ins  of  the  1960s.  Todays  university  has  changed  a  great 
deal  form  the  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  for  the  "Colored  Race"  established 
by  an  iict  of  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  ratified  on  March  9,  1891.  The 
college  actually  began  operation  during  the  school  year  of  1890-91,  before  the 
passage  of  the  state  law  creating  it. 

The  scope  ot  degree  programs  has  been  expanded  to  meet  new  demands.  The 
first  graduate  degree  was  approved  when  the  General  Assembly  authorized  the 
institution  to  grant  the  Master  of  Science  degree  m  education  and  certain  other  helds 
in  1939.  The  first  masters  degree  was  awarded  m  1941. 

North  Carolmas  General  Assembly  voted  to  elevate  the  college  to  the  status  of 
a  regional  university  effective  July  1,  1967.  On  October  30,  1971,  the  General 
Assembly  ratitied  an  act  to  consolidate  the  institutions  of  higher  learning  m  North 
CaroUna.  Under  the  provisions  of  this  Act,  North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Technical 
State  University  became  a  constituent  institution  of  The  University  of  North  Carolina 
effective  July  1,  1972. 

Nine  presidents  have  sen-ed  the  institution  since  it  was  founded  m  1891.  They 
are:  Dr.  J.O.  Crosby  (1892-1896);  Dr.  James  B.  Dudley  (1896-1925);  Dr.  FD.  Bluford 
(1925-1955);  Dr.  Warmoth  T  Gibbs  (1956-1960);  Dr.  Samuel  DeWitt  Proctor 
(1960-1964);  Dr.  Lewis  C.  Dowdy  (1964-1980);  Dr.  Cleon  F.  Thompson,  Jr.  (1980-  i 
1981);  Dr.  Edward  B.  Fort  (1981-1999),  and  Dr.  James  C.  Renick  (1999-Present).  i 

Under  the  leadership  of  its  ninth  chancellor,  James  C.  Renick,  the  faculty,  staff 
and  students  endorsed  the  Futures  strategic  vision  in  2001  toward  an  interdisciplinary 
university  that  builds  on  solid  academic  discipUnes.  '. 

The  adoption  of  the  vision  statement  and  a  set  of  five  goals  are  aimed  at  enhancing  | 
the  culture  of  high  standards  m  all  programs  and  facilities  and  for  all  stakeholders — 
students,  faculty,  staff,  alumni,  community,  public  and  private  sector  friends  of  the 
university:  North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University  is  a  learner-  | 


668 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

centered  community  that  develops  and  preserves  intellectual  capital  through 
interdisciplinary  learning,  discovery,  engagement,  and  operational  excellence. 


Dr.  James  Carmichael  Renick 

Chancellor 

N.C.  Agricultural  and 

Technical  State  University 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Rockford,  Illinois,  on  Dec.  8,  1948,  to  James  and 
Constance  Renick. 

EducationalBackground 

B.A.,  Central  State  University,  Ohio;  Bachelors  of  Social 

Work,  Kansas  University;  Ph.D.  in  Public  Administration, 

Florida  State  University;  Postdoctoral  Studies,  University 

of  Michigan-Ann  Arbor;  Executive  Development  and 

Management  Training,  Harvard  University  Institute  for  Educational  Management 

land  the  Center  for  Creative  Leadership,  Greensboro. 

i 

ProfesshnalBackground 

Chancellor,  N.C.  Agricultural  and  Technical  University,  1999-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

North  Carolina  Board  of  Science  and  Technology;  National  Council  for  Science  and 

the  Environment;  JSTOR. 

i 

ElectedorAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Presidential  Board  of  Advisors  on  Historically  Black  Colleges  and  Universities;  North 
(Carolina  Citizens  for  Business  61  Industry;  Greensboro  Merchants  Association. 

Honors  andAwards 

fFulbright-Hays  Seminar  to  China,  U.S.  DOE,  2004;  Phi  Kappa  Phi  Honor  Society, 
NC  A&T  State  University  2003. 

Personalln/brmation 

Married  to  Peggy  O.  Gadsden  Renick.  One  child. 


i 


669 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

North  Carolina  Central  University 

North  Carolina  Ccniral  University,  chartered  in  1909  and  opened  in  1910,  is 
completing  the  last  C[uarter  ol  its  first  century  and  looks  conhdently  toward  a  new 
millennium.  For  nearly  half  of  its  history  North  Carolina  Central  University  was 
led  by  one  man.  James  E.  Shepard  was  the  grandson  of  a  slave  and  the  son  of  a 
distinguished  Baptist  minister.  A  trained  pharmacist,  Shepard  was  also  a  leader  of 
the  International  Sunday  School  movement.  During  the  hrst  decade  of  the  Twentieth 
Century  the  young  Shepard  began  to  speak  out  publicly  of  his  dream  of  an  institution 
that  would  provide  both  practical  training  and  intellectual  stimulation,  particularly 
for  the  la\'  leaders  of  the  nations  African-American  churches. 

Shepards  dream  came  to  the  attention  of  the  Durham  Merchants  Association, 
which  invited  him  and  his  associates  to  examine  the  advantages  of  their  city  as  the 
site  of  what  was  then  referred  to  as  "a  National  Training  School  tor  the  Colored 
Race."  Durham  of  the  early  1900s  had  a  population  of  some  18,000  persons  and 
was  served  by  four  railroads.  The  association  offered  Shepard  a  25-acre  site  one-  , 
half  mile  outside  the  existing  city  limits.  With  moral  and  financial  support  from  { 
prominent  citizens  of  Durham,  New  York  and  Connecticut,  Shepard  established  I 
his  school.  The  original  physical  plant,  which  was  equipped  with  electric  light  and  j 
steam  heat,  had  a  value  of  $60,000  and  consisted  of  eight  buildings.  j 

The  school  opened  its  doors  m  July  1910,  as  the  National  Religious  Training  j 
School  and  Chautauqua.  The  name  Chautauqua  had  its  origins  in  the  Sunday  School  | 
movement  and  described  a  series  of  lectures  and  cultural  acti\'ities  designed  for  a  | 
general  audience.  Chautauqua  programs  were  often  promoted  as  an  opportunity  I 
for  a  vacation;  nevertheless,  Chautauqua  registrants  were  required  to  attend  all  of  j 
the  major  lectures  of  the  series.  During  the  1910-11  school  year,  the  National  j 
Religious  Training  School  and  Chautauqua  had  15  faculty  members  and  enrolled  | 
201  students.  Three  students  graduated  from  the  schools  commerce  program  in  \ 
1911.  The  institution  offered  three-and-four  year  programs  —  all  requiring  extensive 
study  of  Latin,  Greek  and  the  Bible  —  in  normal  education,  teacher  training,  college 
preparatory,  classical  studies  for  the  A.B.  degree,  general  science  studies  for  the  B.S. 
degree  and  chemistry  Shorter  vocational  and  trade  courses  ranged  trom  weaving  to 
mural  decorating.  The  school  also  offered  special  training  for  ministers  and  religious 
workers. 

In  1915  financial  difficulties  forced  the  reorganization  of  the  institution  as  the  ! 
National  Training  School,  but  a  large  donation  from  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  ot  New  York 
City  permitted  Dr.  Shepard  to  retain  control.  Ox'cr  the  next  few  years.  Dr.  Shepard  j 
weighed  the  alternative  courses  of  seeking  denominational  support  for  the  ' 
nonsectarian  school  or  seeking  support  from  the  North  Carolina  General  Assembly. 
In  1923,  the  National  Training  School  became  the  state-supported  Durham  State 
Normal  School,  devoted  to  "the  traimnti  of  teachers  for  the  Colored  Public  Schools 


670 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

of  North  Carolina."  Two  years  later,  Dr.  Shepard  was  able  to  persuade  the  General 
Assembly  to  take  a  revolutionary  step  by  making  the  institution  over  into  North 
Carolina  College  for  Negroes,  the  first  state-supported  liberal  arts  college  for  black 
people  in  the  United  States.  Building  programs  to  support  the  institutions  new  role 
began  m  1927  under  the  administration  of  Governor  Angus  B.  McLean. 

Between  1925  and  1939,  North  Carolina  College  for  Negroes  achieved  the 
accreditation  of  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Secondary  Schools  and 
met  the  educational  standards  of  the  American  Medical  Association  for  pre-medical 
training,  and  from  most  of  the  Souths  state  departments  of  education.  In  1939,  the 
General  Assembly  authorized  the  North  Carolina  College  board  of  trustees  to 
establish  graduate  courses  in  the  liberal  arts  and  to  organize  departments  of  law, 
pharmacy  and  library  science.  The  graduate  programs  were  opened  that  fall.  The 
School  of  Law  was  established  m  1940  and  the  School  of  Library  Science  in  1941. 
Ironically,  the  pharmacy  school  was  never  established,  even  though  that  was  Dr. 
Shepards  own  profession.  By  the  time  of  Dr.  Shepards  death  on  October  6,  1947, 
the  institution  had  become  North  Carolina  College  at  Durham,  was  fully-accredited 
and  highly-respected  and  had  become  the  alma  mater  of  a  growing  list  of  distinguished 
alumni. 

Dr.  Alfonso  Elder  took  office  as  the  college's  second  president  in  1948.  Dr. 
Elder  would  lead  North  Carolina  College  at  Durham  for  the  next  15  years,  overseeing 
an  era  of  physical  expansion,  rapid  growth  in  enrollment  and  significant  development 
in  academic  programs.  Dr.  Elder  retired  m  September,  1963,  and  was  succeeded  as 
president  by  Dr.  Samuel  P  Massie,  who  resigned  on  February  1,  1966.  Dr.  Albert 
N.  Whiting  became  president  in  July,  1967.  He  directed  the  continued  physical 
expansion  of  the  institution,  as  well  as  the  creation  of  several  new  academic  programs 
in  criminal  justice,  public  administration,  elementary  education,  jazz,  and  church 
music  and,  in  1972,  the  creation  of  the  North  Carolina  Central  University  School 
of  Business. 

In  1969,  North  Carolina  College  at  Durham  became  North  Carolina  Central 
University.  In  1972,  all  of  North  Carolina's  state-supported  senior  institutions  of 
higher  education  became  part  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina.  Dr.  Whiting's 
title  changed  from  president  to  chancellor.  He  remained  at  the  helm  of  North  Carolina 
Central  University  for  11  more  years,  until  June  30,  1983.  Chancellor  Whiting  was 
succeeded  by  Dr.  LeRoy  T.  Walker,  who  served  until  the  election  in  1986  of 
Chancellor  Tyronza  R.  Richmond  by  the  UNC  Board  of  Governors.  Dr.  Donna  J. 
Benson  became  interim  chancellor  on  January  1,  1992,  when  Dr.  Richmond  returned 
to  faculty  duties.  Julius  L.  Chambers,  an  alumnus  of  the  university,  assumed  the 
chancellorship  on  January  1,  1992,  and  remained  in  the  post  until  May,  2002. 
Under  Chambers'  leadership,  the  university  received  more  than  $121  million  for 
for  construction  and  renovation  through  the  $3.1  billion  Bond  Project.  A  $12.2 


671 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

million  slale-or-the-ail  Biomedical  Biotechnology  Research  Institiue  was  consirucled 
under  his  walch.  James  H.  Amnions  was  elected  chancellor  on  June  1,  2001. 

During  the  last  decade,  North  Carolina  Central  University  has  added  graduate 
programs  in  public  administration,  criminal  justice  and  information  sciences.  NCCU 
has  also  revised  its  Master  of  Business  Administration  program  and  added  a 
baccalaureate  program  m  computer  science.  Distinguished  alumni  of  North  Carolina 
Central  University  include  the  president  of  Virginia  Union  University,  the  chancellor 
ot  Winston-Salem  State  University,  a  vice-president  of  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  and  university  and  college  faculty  and  throughout  the  United  States,  Other 
alumni  include  a  number  ot  members  of  the  N.C.  General  Assembly,  former  mayors 
of  Raleigh,  Durham  and  Atlanta  and  a  host  of  distinguished  public  ser\'ants  at  all 
le\'els  ot  government. 

Dr.  James  H.  Ammons 

Chancellor 

IS.C.  Central  University 

Early  Year^ 

Born  m  Winter  Haven,  Florida,  on  December  23,  1952, 
to  James  and  Agnes  Ammons. 

EducationalBacJ^ground 

Winter  Haven  High  School,  1970;  B.S.  in  Political 
Science,  Florida  A&M  University,  1974;  M.S.  m  Public 
Administration,  Florida  State  University,  1975;  Ph.D. 
in  Government,  Florida  State  University,  1977. 

Pir)fessionalBacJ?grx)und 

Chancellor,  N.C.  Central  University,  2001 -Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Association  of  State  Colleges  and  Universities;  National  Association  tor 
Educational  Opportunities;  National  Association  of  State  Universities  and  Land  Grant 
Colleges. 

Elected  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Commission  on  Colleges  ot  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools; 
Durham  Advisory  Board,  Central  Carolina  Bank;  Board  of  Directors,  Greater  Durham 
Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Honors  and  Awards 

2001  Honorary  Chair,  Light  Up  Durham;  News  &  Observer's  Top  Ten  to  Watch  for 
in  2002;  1999  Distinguished  Alumni  Award,  Florida  A&M  University 

Per^sonal  Information 

Married,  Judy  Rufhn  Ammons.  One  son. 


672 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

N.C.  School  of  the  Arts 

The  brainchild  of  former  Governor  Terry  Sanford  and  author  John  Ehle,  the 
North  CaroHna  School  of  the  Arts  (NCSA)  was  formally  established  by  the  N.C. 
General  Assembly  in  1963.  In  1965,  the  School  of  the  Arts  opened  its  doors  to 
students,  breaking  new  ground  as  the  hrst  state-supported  residential  school  for 
the  performing  arts  in  the  countr)-.  Today  NCSA  is  one  of  the  worlds  foremost  arts 
conser\^atories,  training  students  for  professional  careers  in  the  performing,  moving 
image  and  visual  arts.  It  stands,  as  it  has  throughout  its  history,  on  a  tradition  of 
professionalism. 

Composer  Vittorio  Giannini  of  The  Juilliard  School  served  as  NCSA's  hrst 
president.  It  was  his  \ision  that  shaped  the  school  and  continues  to  make  the  school 
unique  among  its  peers:  a  resident  faculty  of  professional  artists;  beginning  training 
at  the  age  that  talent  first  becomes  evident;  artists  living  together  in  a  true  conservatory 
em^ronment;  and  performance  as  an  integral  part  of  instruction. 

Robert  Ward,  PuUtzer  Prize-winning  composer,  served  as  chancellor  from  1967- 
1974.  Under  his  tenure,  the  school  more  than  doubled  its  faculty  and  enrollment 
and  joined  the  University  of  North  Carolina  system  as  one  of  its  16  campuses. 
Composer  Robert  Suderburg,  who  served  as  chancellor  for  the  next  decade,  oversaw 
major  capital  improvements  at  the  school,  including  the  completion  of  the  Workplace, 
featuring  specially-designed  dance,  drama,  music  and  visual  arts  studios  and  the 
Semans  Library,  with  its  extensive  arts  and  academic  holdings. 

Lawrence  Hart,  retired  dean  of  music  at  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at 
Greensboro,  ser\^ed  as  acting  chancellor  during  1983-84.  In  1983,  the  School  of 
the  Arts  opened  the  Stevens  Center,  a  magnihcently-restored  neoclassical  theater  on 
Fourth  Street  in  Winston-Salem.  With  seating  for  1,380  people,  the  center  quickly 
became  part  of  citys  bid  to  re\atalize  its  downtown  area. 

During  the  tenure  of  Jane  Milley  who  was  appointed  chancellor  m  1984,  faculty 
salaries  were  increased  and  campus  facilities  were  expanded.  This  included  the 
addition  of  Performance  Place,  with  its  two  theatres,  and  the  renovation  of  the 
School  of  Design  &  Production.  Philip  Nelson,  former  dean  of  music  at  Yale 
University,  served  as  interim  chancellor  during  1989-90. 

Alexander  C.  Ewing  became  the  hfth  chancellor  of  the  school  in  1990.  He  is  a 
well-known  arts  administrator  in  the  national  dance  world  as  well  as  a  businessman. 
He  spearheaded  the  establishment  and  opening  of  a  hfth  arts  school,  the  School  of 
Filmmaking.  He  also  guided  the  expansion  of  alumni  services,  the  most 
comprehensive  capital  campaign  in  the  school's  history  and  development  of  a  campus 
master  plan. 

E.  Wade  Hobgood  became  the  school's  sixth  chancellor  in  2000.  He  is  guiding 
the  school's  bond-funded  $43  million  contruction  projects,  including  a  new  music 
complex,  film  archives,  welcome  center,  high  school  connector  building,  costume 

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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  wig  and  make-up  shop,  as  well  as  renovations  to  Workplace,  Gray  Building 
and  acquisition  o(  the  former  Our  Lady  of  Mercy  Catholic  School.  The  facility 
provides  college  classroom  facilities  and  development  and  public  relations  offices. 
He  spearheaded  the  incorporation  of  technology  into  classrooms,  residential  halls, 
offices  and  venues,  as  well  as  a  new  Internet  II  classroom. 

Since  opening  its  doors  more  than  30  years  ago,  NCSA  is  still  the  only  major 
arts  training  institution  of  its  kind  offering  accredited  instruction  at  the  junior  high, 
high  school,  undergraduate  and  graduate  levels  m  dance,  design  and  production, 
drama,  filmmaking,  music  and  visual  arts  with  a  complementaiy  academic  program. 
Students  are  selected  under  strict  admission  standards,  based  on  their  abilitv  to 
show  potential  tor  professional  success.  An  audition  or  submission  of  a  portfolio 
and  mteiTiew  are  required. 

At  the  secondary  level,  students  m  the  schools  dance,  drama,  music  and  visual   i 
arts  programs  work  toward  the  North  Carolina  high  school  diploma  with  arts   | 
concentration.  At  the  college  level,  students  work  toward  a  Bachelor  of  Music  or  a   ' 
Bachelor  of  Fine  Arts  m  dance,  design  and  production,  drama  and  hlmmaking.  At 
the  graduate  level,  students  work  toward  a  Master  of  Music  or  Master  of  Fine  Arts  in 
Design  and  Production.  In  addition  to  the  rigorous  demands  of  their  arts  training,   | 
students  working  toward  a  high  school  diploma  or  college  degree  must  also  take  j 
requisite  academic  courses  through  the  schools  general  studies  division.  College  | 
students  who  opt  to  concentrate  entireh'  on  their  arts  discipline  may  earn  a  College  I 
Arts  Diploma.  The  School  of  the  Arts  recognizes  that  on-stage,  hands-on  experience  ] 
is  vital  to  the  training  of  young  artists.  Students,  faculty  and  guests  present  more 
than  400  public  performances  and  screenings  annually  to  more  than  100,000  people  ] 
at  campus  theatres  and  halls,  in  the  Ste\'ens  Center  and  on  tour  across  North  Carolina,  ! 
as  well  as  along  the  East  Coast  and  m  Europe.  Through  the  school's  international 
dance  and  music  programs,  students  have  studied  and  performed  over  the  years  to 
great  acclaim  in  London,  Hungary,  Italy,  Germany,  France  and  Spam.  I 

Alumni  are  perhaps  the  best  example  of  the  success  of  the  schools  training  , 
program.  School  alumni  have  distinguished  themselves  in  Broadway  shows,  regional  ' 
theatre,  opera  companies,  symphony  orchestras,  dance  companies  and  m  him  and  ; 
television  around  the  world.  Among  the  best  known  are  Tony-nommated  actor  ' 
Terrence  Mann,  star  of  Broadways  "Beauty  and  the  Beast,"  'Tes  Miserables"  and 
''Cats'";  actress  Mary-Louise  Parker,  whose  film  credits  include  Fried  Green  Tomatoes, 
Bullets  Over  Broadway  and  The  Portrait  of  a  Lady,  Keith  Roberts,  soloist  with  i 
American  Ballet  Theatre;  Mar\'  Cochran,  founder  of  NCNY  Dance  and  long-time 
dancer  with  the  Paul  Taylor  Dance  Company;  Tony  Fanning,  art  director  for  theatre  i 
and  film  CThe  Hudsucker  Proxy  and  Nell);  Paul  Tazewell,  costume  designer  for 
Broadway  ("Bring  m  'Da  Noise,  Bring  m  'Da  Funk")  and  regional  theatre;  Ransom  j 
Wilson,  internationally-acclaimed  flutist,  conductor  and  founder  of  Solisti  New  i 
York;  and  Lisa  Kim,  violinist  with  the  New  York  Philharmonic. 

674  ! 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

N.C.  State  University 

North  Carolina  State  University  is  the  largest  of  the  16  institutions  in  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  system.  The  school  currently  has  more  than  28,000 
students  and  is  the  UNC  systems  flagship  campus  for  science  and  technology  A 
Research  1,  land-grant  university  N.C.  State  has  traditional  strengths  in  engineering, 
agriculture,  forestry  and  textiles  and  has  emerged  as  a  leader  in  biomedical  research, 
food  safety  materials  science,  severe  weather  forecasting  and  other  fields  of  study 
that  affect  the  health,  livelihoods  and  well-being  of  people  in  North  Carolina  and 
world-wide.  The  university  has  the  largest  environmental  science,  engineering  and 
policy  faculty  in  the  Southeast  -  some  500  educators  and  researchers  -  who  are 
conducting  nearly  300  research  and  outreach  projects  on  water  quality  air  quality, 
sustainable  forestry  and  agriculture,  animal  waste  management  and  pollution  control 
for  the  paper,  pulp  and  textiles  industries.  Rapidly-developing  programs  in  genomics 
place  N.C.  State  among  the  first  research  universities  to  focus  on  genomic  sciences 
from  the  perspectives  of  statistics,  computer  sciences,  forest  resources,  agriculture, 
life  sciences  and  veterinary  medicine. 

N.C.  States  leadership  role  extends  to  non-technological  fields,  too.  N.C.  State 
designers  and  architects  have  transformed  North  Carolina's  landscape  and  pioneered 
the  concept  of  universal  design  to  make  products  and  housing  accessible  to  all.  The 
university's  criminologists  are  shedding  new  light  on  youth  violence  and  ways  of 
controlling  it.  The  College  of  Education  and  Psychology  is  one  of  the  largest 
producers  of  middle-school  math  and  science  teachers  in  the  nation  and  is  renowned 
for  its  extensive  outreach  efforts  in  the  public  schools.  The  College  of  Management 
offers  the  state's  only  technology-based  Master  of  Science  m  Management  degree, 
which  is  custom-designed  to  the  needs  of  the  high-tech  industry  The  college  also 
boasts  an  innovative  and  rapidly-expanding  electronic  commerce  program  with  the 
largest  online  presence  in  the  country. 

On  March  7,  1887,  the  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  authorized  the 
establishment  of  the  North  Carolina  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.  The 
Watauga  Club  of  Raleigh  and  a  statewide  farmers'  movement  had  convinced  the 
legislature  of  the  need  to  transfer  the  federal  funds  received  by  the  state  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Morrill  Land-Grant  Act  of  1862  from  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  in  Chapel  Hill  to  a  new  land-grant  college  m  Raleigh.  The  cornerstone  of 
A  and  M  College  was  laid  in  August,  1888,  and  its  doors  officially  opened  on 
October  3,  1889. 

Alexander  Q.  Holladay  the  college's  first  president  (1889-1899),  and  a  faculty 
of  five  offered  courses  in  agriculture,  horticulture,  pure  and  agricultural  chemistry, 
English,  bookkeeping,  history,  mathematics,  physics,  practical  mechanics  and 
military  science.  The  first  freshman  class  numbered  about  fifty  students.  By  the  end 
of  the  institution's  first  decade,  resident  enrollment  had  reached  300. 


675 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

During  ihe  adminisiralion  of  George  T.  Winston  (1899-1908)  a  new  curriculum 
m  textiles  was  dex'eloped  and  normal  courses  were  offered  m  the  summer  for  public 
school  teachers.  The  Agricultural  Extension  Service  was  established  during  the 
administration  o{  Daniel  U.  Hill  (1908-1916)  and  enrollment  grew  to  more  than 
700.  In  1917,  during  the  administration  of  Wallace  C.  Riddick  (1916-1923),  the 
institutions  name  was  changed  to  North  Carolina  State  College  of  Agriculture  and 
Engineering.  The  introduction  oi  the  word  "engineering"  was  intended  to  reflect  the 
increasing  emphasis  on  the  protessional  and  theoretical  as  well  as  the  practical 
aspects  of  technical  education. 

In  1923,  a  major  reorganization  ot  the  colleges  administration  began  and 
President  Riddick  resigned  to  become  the  hrst  dean  of  the  new  School  of  Engineering. 
Eugene  Clyde  Brooks  (1923-1934),  the  hfth  president  of  State  College,  continued 
the  reorganization  with  the  creation  of  the  School  of  Agriculture  (later  renamed  the 
School  of  Agriculture  and  Forestry),  the  School  of  Science  and  Business,  the  School 
of  Education,  the  School  of  Textiles  and  the  Graduate  School.  Resident  enrollment 
rose  to  nearly  2,000  m  1929  before  the  Depression  caused  a  drop  to  approximately 
1,500  in  1933.  The  hrst  women  graduates  of  State  College  received  their  degrees  in 
1927. 

During  the  Depression,  the  General  Assembly  of  1931  attempted  to  promote 
economy  and  prevent  unnecessary  duplication  among  the  three  leading  state 
institutions  of  higher  education  by  establishing  a  single  consolidated  administration 
tor  the  University  oi  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina  State  College  of 
Agriculture  and  Engineering,  and  North  Carolina  College  for  Women  m  Greensboro. 
Dr.  Frank  Porter  Graham,  president  of  the  Unu'ersity  of  North  Carolina,  was  elected 
president  of  the  consolidated  university,  and  Dr.  Brooks,  with  the  title  of  vice- 
president,  continued  as  chief  administrative  officer  at  State  College.  The  consolidation 
phased  out  of  the  School  of  Engineering  at  Chapel  Hill  and  the  School  of  Science 
and  Business  at  Raleigh.  A  general  college,  later  called  the  Basic  Division,  was' 
established  to  provide  two  years  of  basic  courses  m  humanities,  social  sciences  and 
natural  sciences  as  a  foundation  for  students  m  the  \'arious  degree-granting  technical; 
and  professional  schools. 

Colonel  John  W  Harrelson  (1934-1953),  Class  of  "90,  was  the  hrst  alumnus! 
to  become  administrative  head  of  State  College.  Under  the  consolidated  organization,; 
his  title  was  Dean  of  Administration;  later  it  was  changed  to  Chancellor.  Duringj 
Harrelsons  administration  the  institution  experienced  the  beginning  of  extraordinary; 
growth  m  the  aftermath  of  World  War  11.  Two  new  schools  were  established:  the| 
School  of  Design  and  the  School  of  Forestry.  A  multimillion  dollar  expansion' 
program  was  completed  during  the  administration  of  Carey  H.  Bostian  (1953-1959), 
and  the  program  of  student  activities  was  greatly  enlarged.  Student  enrollment  duringj 
Bostian s  tenure  passed  5,000.  j 


I 


676 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

The  faculty  and  student  population  more  than  doubled  during  the  administration 
of  John  T.  Caldwell  (1959-1975)  and  another  new  school  was  organized:  the  School 
of  Physical  Sciences  and  Applied  Mathematics  (now  Physical  and  Mathematical 
Sciences).  The  School  of  General  Studies,  was  renamed  the  School  of  Liberal  Arts. 
The  name  Liberal  Arts  was  adopted  when  the  school  was  authorized  to  offer  a  full 
range  of  bachelors  and  masters  degree  programs  in  the  humanities  and  social  sciences. 
The  name  of  the  institution  itself  changed  in  1965  to  North  Carolina  State  University, 
signifying  its  new  role  as  a  comprehensive  university. 

N.C.  States  enrollment  passed  20,000  during  the  administration  of  Chancellor 
Joab  L.  Thomas  (1976-1981).  The  School  of  Veterinary  Medicine  was  established, 
the  name  of  the  School  of  Liberal  Arts  was  changed  to  School  of  Humanities  and 
Social  Sciences  and  North  Carolina  State  University  was  recognized  as  one  of  two 
major  research  universities  within  the  University  of  North  Carolina  system. 

Bruce  R.  Poulton  served  as  N.C.  States  tenth  chief  administrative  offtcer  from 
1982  to  1989.  During  his  tenure  the  university's  individual  schools  were  renamed 
colleges  and  the  College  of  Education  expanded  to  become  the  College  of  Education 
and  Psychology.  Dr.  Larry  K.  Monteith  was  subsequently  appointed  as  N.C.  States 
chancellor  in  1989.  Under  Dr.  Monteith  N.C.  State  earned  a  chapter  of  the  elite  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  honor  society  and  established  the  College  of  Management  and  Eirst  Year 
College,  which  is  geared  toward  ensuring  the  success  of  new  students.  Growth 
exploded  on  the  university's  Centennial  Campus  during  Monteith's  tenure  with  eight 
new  buildings  valued  at  $120  million  -  including  the  $45.5  million  Engineering 
Graduate  Research  Center.  Dr.  Monteith  retired  in  1998. 

Dr.  Marye  Anne  Eox,  a  chemist  and  member  of  the  distinguished  National 
Academy  of  Sciences,  became  the  first  woman  to  hold  the  top  position  at  the  state's 
leading  science  and  technology  university  when  she  was  named  the  school's  12''' 
chancellor  in  April,  1998.  Fox  has  promoted  demographic  and  intellectual  diversity; 
fostered  partnerships  with  federal,  state  and  local  government,  with  local  schools 
and  with  the  private  sector.  She  has  worked  to  build  an  efficient  business  model  for 
the  university. 

N.C.  State's  2,010-acre  campus  is  located  west  of  downtown  Raleigh,  a  part  of 
the  state's  technology-rich  Research  Triangle  area.  N.C.  State  is  composed  of  a  central 
campus,  the  College  of  Veterinary  Medicine  complex  and  Centennial  Campus,  a 
1,000-acre  research  and  technology-transfer  "technopolis"  that  includes  corporate 
and  government  research  and  development  centers  and  business  incubators.  The 
university  owns  research  stations,  outreach  centers  and  extension  facilities  across 
the  state.  Near  the  main  campus  is  Carter-Finley  Stadium  and  the  new  Raleigh 
Entertainment  and  Sports  Arena.  The  $156  million  arena  is  home  to  Wolfpack 
men's  basketball  and  the  Carolina  Hurricanes  of  the  National  Hockey  League. 


677 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Campus  dc\clopnicnt  is  on  ihc  last  track.  N.C.  States  high-tech  Centennial 
Campus  is  one  ol  ihc  fastest-growing  campuses  of  its  kind  in  the  nation,  housing 
staie-ol-lhe-art  labs,  classrooms  and  government  and  industry  partners.  The  campus  i 
is  at  the  lorelront  ol  a  national  trend  in  which  universities  are  redesigning  education 
and  research  ellorts  to  include  faculty  spin-off  companies,  real-world  experience 
for  students  and  closer  ties  to  the  industries  that  translate  research  into  quaUty-of- 
lite  improvements  for  the  public.  The  campus  has  doubled  the  number  of  resident 
partners  in  the  past  year.  Twelve  buildings  have  been  completed  on  the  campus  and 
13  additional  buildings,  including  a  middle  school,  the  Lucent  Technologies  building 
and  a  $41  million  conference  center  and  hotel,  are  now  uncier  construction  or  m 
design.  Additional  laboratories,  residential  neighborhoods  and  a  monorail  link  to 
the  main  campus  are  envisioned. 

N.C.  State  continues  to  attract  the  best  and  brightest  students.  Since  1989  the 
average  CPA  ot  entering  N.C.  State  freshmen  has  risen  from  3.4  to  3.86.  About 
40%  ol  entering  Ireshmen  have  GPAs  ot  4.0  or  above.  The  nations  most  prestigious 
arts  and  sciences  honor  society,  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  awarded  N.C.  State  a  chapter  m 
1994.  Less  than  12%  oi  the  nations  colleges  and  universities  have  earned  this 
distinction,  which  signihes  N.C.  States  emergence  as  a  well-rounded  academic 
community  and  as  one  ot  the  nations  elite  public  universities. 

The  university  is  organized  into  ten  colleges  and  schools  —  Agriculture  and 
Life  Sciences,  Education  and  Psychology,  Engineering,  Forest  Resources,  Humanities 
and  Social  Sciences,  Management,  Physical  and  Mathematical  Sciences,  Textiles  and 
Veterinary  Medicine  —  as  well  as  the  School  of  Design.  North  Carolina  State 
University  otters  bachelors  degrees  m  90  helds  of  study,  masters  degrees  m  96 
fields  and  doctoral  degrees  in  56  helds,  in  addition  to  the  Doctor  of  Veterinar}' 
Medicine  degree. To  date,  the  university  has  awarded  more  than  150,000  degrees. 

The  university  has  about  28,011  students  (58.1%  male  and  41.9%  female). 
Minorities  account  tor  about  20%  of  the  entire  student  body.  There  are  1,147  ! 
international  students.  More  than  600  students  participate  m  distance  education, 
pursuing  degrees  off-campus.  More  than  90%  of  N.C.  States  teaching  faculty  have  ; 
terminal  degrees  m  their  helds.  Nineteen  faculty  members  have  been  elected  to  the 
prestigious  National  Academy  of  Sciences  or  National  Academy  of  Engineering. 

The  university  has  an  annual  budget  of  approximately  $775  million.  Research  ; 
and  sponsored-program  expenditures  exceed  $330  million  per  year.  As  one  of  the  ■ 
Southeast's  leading  miiversities  for  technology  transfer,  N.C.  State  holds  312  patents 
and  ranks  30'^  nationally  among  all  universities  for  patents  held.  The  university  I 
received  about  $7.7  million  in  royalty  income  from  licensing  patents  in  1999, 
placing  It  among  the  top  15  universities  in  the  nation  m  royalty  income.  A  $10  , 
million  venture  capital  investment  fund.  Centennial  Venture  Partners  Fund,  recently  ■ 


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UNC  SYSTEM  COLLEGES  AND  UNIVERSITIES 


CHAPTER  SEVEN 


invested  in  ten  new  research  start-ups  associated  with  the  university  during  its  first 
full  year. 

The  College  of  Engineering  has  one  of  the  six  largest  undergraduate  programs 
in  the  nation  and  the  College  of  Textiles  is  the  largest  and  most  modern  university- 
based  textiles  school  m  the  world.  The  College  of  Agriculture  and  Life  Sciences  is 
the  fifth-largest  agriculture  college  m  the  country  and  operates  the  nations  second- 
oldest  state  research  service.  The  College  of  Forest  Resources  boasts  the  largest 
research  program  of  any  Southeastern  forestry  school  and  is  the  birthplace  of  the 
nationwide  acid  ram  research  effort. 

The  College  of  Education  and  Psychology's  community  college  and  adult 
education  program  is  ranked  by  peers  among  the  top  hve  in  the  country  The  College 
of  Veterinary  Medicine  has  gained  national  stature  for  trailblazing  programs  including 
laser  surgery  and  cancer  treatment,  as  well  as  ground-breaking  research  in  infectious 
diseases.  The  School  of  Design  is  the  most  comprehensive  school  of  emdronmental 
design  m  the  Southeast.  Extension  organizations  in  each  of  the  100  counties  in 
North  Carolina  and  on  the  Cherokee  Indian  Reservation  assist  the  university's 
teaching  and  applied  research  programs  throughout  the  state. 

N.C.  State  University  is  a  member  of  the  National  Association  of  State  Universities 
and  Land-Grant  Colleges,  the  American  Council  on  Education,  the  American  Council 
of  Learned  Societies,  the  Association  of  Governing  Boards  of  Universities  and 
Colleges,  the  Oak  Ridge  Associated  Universities,  the  International  University 
Consortium  for  Telecommunications  in  Learning,  the  North  CaroUna  Association 
of  Colleges  and  Universities  and  the  Cooperating  Raleigh  Colleges. 


Dr.  Robert  Alexander  Barnhardt 

Interim  Chancellor 
N.C.  State  University 

EducationcdBackgmunjcl 

BSTE  m  Textile  Engineering,  Philadelphia  College  of 
Textiles  and  Science,  1959;  M.S.  in  Textile 
Technology,  Institute  of  Textile  Technology,  1961; 
M.S.  m  Higher  Education  Administration,  University 
of  Virginia,  1970;  Ed.  D.  m  Higher  Education 
Administration,  1974. 

ProfessionalBackgwund 

Interim  Chancellor,  N.C.  State  University. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Com- 
munity Service  Organizations 

Honorary  Member,  GEDRT;  International  Conference  on  Textile  Education  (CIETEX); 
National  Council  for  Textile  Education. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Elected  orAppointedBoarxLs  and  Cominissions 

Past  Chair,  National  Textile  Center;  U.S.  President  of  the  Textile  Institute  of  the 
United  Kingdom. 

Honors  andAivaixis 

1998  Textile  Leader  of  the  Year,  Phi  Psi/KIB  Award;  1998  Amy  Award  for  Industry 
Achievement  and  Leadership;  1988  Institute  Medal,  Textile  Institute  of  Great  Britain. 


680 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Asheville 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  Asheville  is  the  designated  liberal  arts  university 
in  the  16-campus  University  of  North  Carolina  system.  An  outstanding  learning 
community,  UNCA  focuses  its  resources  on  academic  excellence  undergraduate 
liberal  arts  education  and  community  partnerships  with  the  region. 

UNC  Asheville  opened  m  1927  as  Buncombe  County  Junior  College  for  area 
residents  interested  in  pursuing  higher  education.  The  school  underwent  several 
j  name  changes,  mergers  with  local  governments  and  school  systems  and  moves 
I  before  relocating  to  its  present  campus  in  north  Asheville.  Asheville-Biltmore  College 
[joined  the  consolidated  University  of  North  Carolina  system  m  1969  as  the 
'University  of  North  Carolina  Asheville  with  the  distinct  mission  to  offer 
,  undergraduate  liberal  arts  education  of  superior  quality.  Today  UNC  Asheville  is 
I  the  only  designated  undergraduate  liberal  arts  university  in  the  16-member  UNC 
system  and  one  of  only  six  public  universities  in  the  nation  designated  as  a  national 
'liberal  arts  university  (Liberal  Arts  I). 

'        UNC  Asheville  enrolls  3,200  students  pursuing  bachelors  degrees  in  30  majors 

in  the  natural  and  social  sciences,  humanities,  pre-professional  and  professional 
]  areas,  as  well  as  the  Masters  of  Liberal  Arts.  With  an  average  class  size  of  19,  UNC 

Asheville  emphasizes  a  personalized  education  characterized  by  close  faculty-student 
'  interactions,  challenging  academic  programs  and  service-learning  activities.  The 
;  university  has  received  national  recognition  for  its  interdisciplinary  approach  to 
i  undergraduate  liberal  arts  education,  specihcally  its  Undergraduate  Research  and 
;  Humanities  programs.  Faculty  and  students  founded  the  National  Conference  on 
[Undergraduate  Research  m  1986  and  it  continues  to  rotate  annually  to  major 

universities  around  the  country  The  Humanities  Program,  a  four-course  sequence 
j  of  world  history  and  culture  required  of  all  degree-seeking  students,  has  been  a 
I  national  model  followed  by  other  schools  starting  humanities  programs.  Through 

UNCAs  Key  Center  for  Service  Learning,  students  integrate  community  service  into 
!  their  academic  service. 

UNC  Ashvilles  innovative  academic  programs,  interdisciplinary  approach  and 
!  reasonable  cost  draw  praise  from  the  national  college  guidebooks  annually.  The 
popular  Fiske  Guide  to  Colleges  ranks  UNCA  among  its  Top  20  Best  Buys  in  public 
higher  education,  saying,  "The  University  of  North  Carolina  Asheville  offers  all  the 
}  perks  that  are  generally  associated  with  pricier  private  institutions:  rigorous 
academics,  small  classes  and  a  beautiful  setting.  And  it  does  it  for  a  fraction  of  the 
cost.  All  the  ingredients  for  a  superior  college  experience  lie  in  wait  in  Asheville." 
The  Princeton  Review:  the  Best  311  Colleges  lists  UNCA  in  this  select  group,  saying, 
"For  students  who  seek  a  public  education  in  a  smaller  campus  environment,  this 
is  a  great  choice."  The  1999  Templeton  Guide:  Colleges  that  Encourage  Character 
Development  cited  UNCAs  First-Year  Experience  program  as  an  exemplary  college 
program. 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  265-acrc  mounlam  campus  comprises  aboui  30  buildings  for  classrooms, 
administration,  residence  and  recreation,  with  a  new  master  plan  in  place  for 
expansion  over  20  years.  The  newest  buildings  on  the  scenic  UNCA  campus  are 
two  residence  halls.  South  Ridge  and  West  Ridge;  a  state-of-the-art  Health  and  Fitness 
Center  addition  to  Justice  Athletic  Center;  and  the  Dining  Hall.  The  campus  houses 
the  Ashe\'ille  Graduate  Center,  which  offers  masters  and  doctoral  degree  programs 
of  other  UNC  institutions  for  the  regions  residents  and  the  nationally-prominent 
N.C.  Center  for  Creative  Retirement,  which  provides  programs  such  as  the  College 
for  Seniors  that  enhance  the  lives  of  older  adults.  The  university's  year-round  concerts, 
plays,  lectures  and  other  cultural  ofterings  enrich  the  C[uality  ot  life  lor  Western 
North  Carolina. 

UNC  Ashevilles  location  m  the  regions  business,  cultural  and  population  center 
(Ashevilles  population  is  currentK-  about  75,000)  provides  the  advantages  of  a  city 
in  the  heart  ot  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains. 


Dr.  James  Hayes  Mullen,  Jr. 

Chancellor 
UNC  Asheville 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Holyoke,  Massachusetts,  to  James  Hayes 
and  Frances  M.  Taylor  Mullen. 

EducationalBacI?gtx)und 

Granby  High  School,  Granby,  Massachusetts,  1976; 
A.B.  Magna  Cum  Laude  m  History,  College  of  the 
Hoi)'  Cross,  1980;  Masters  m  Public  Policy,  Harvard 
University,  1984;  Ed.  D.  m  Higher  Education 
Administration,  University  ot  Massachusetts,  1994. 

ProfessionalBacl^grxyund 

Chancellor,  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Asheville,  1999-Present.  i 

Busines»^X)fessionaI,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

WCQS  Public  Radio;  City  of  Asheville  Sustainable  Economic  Development  Task' 
Force.  , 

Elected  orAppointedBoatyis  and  Commissions  i 

United  Way  ot  Asheville  and  Buncombe  County;  Asheville  Area  Chamber  of' 
Commerce;  Asheville-Buncombe  VISION.  I 

Pei^sonal  Information 

Married,  Man  Elizabeth  Sullivan  Mullen.  Two  children.  St.  Eugene  Roman  Catholic 
Church.  I 


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UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill 

Through  its  teaching,  research  and  pubhc  service,  the  University  of  North 
Carohna  at  Chapel  Hill  is  an  educational  and  economic  beacon  for  the  people  of 
North  Carolina  and  beyond. 

History 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill  was  the  nations  hrst  state 
university  to  open  its  doors  and  the  only  pubUc  university  to  award  degrees  in  the 
18th  century.  Authorized  by  the  N.C.  Constitution  in  1776,  the  university  was 
chartered  by  the  N.C.  General  Assembly  Dec.  11,  1789,  the  same  year  George 
Washington  hrst  was  inaugurated  as  president.  The  cornerstone  was  laid  for  Old 
East,  the  nations  hrst  state  university  building,  Oct.  12,  1793.  Hinton  James,  the 
first  student,  arrived  from  Wilmington,  N.C,  Feb.  12,  1795. 

Location 

The  729-acre  central  campus  includes  the  two  oldest  state  university  buildings. 
Old  East  and  Person  Hall.  Old  East  and  Playmakers  Theatre,  an  1852  Greek-revival 
building  are  National  Historic  Landmarks. 

The  American  Society  of  Landscape  Architects  selected  the  Carolina  campus  as 
one  of  the  most  beautifully  landscaped  spots  m  the  country.  That  list,  released  m 
1999  timed  to  the  society's  centennial,  is  among  the  most  recent  praise  affirming 
the  charm  of  mighty  oaks,  majestic  quadrangles,  brick  sidewalks  and  other 
landscaping  synonymous  with  UNC. 

Today,  the  campus  is  undergoing  an  unprecedented  physical  transformation 
made  possible  in  part  by  North  Carolinians'  overwhelming  approval  of  the  $3.1 
billion  bond  referendum  for  higher  education.  The  referendum,  approved  in 
November  2000,  was  the  nation's  largest  higher  education  bond  package. 

The  bonds  are  bringing  Carolina  $510  million  for  renovations,  repairs  and 
new  buildings  so  21st  century  students  can  learn  in  a  21st  century  environment. 
Also  guided  by  a  visionary  master  plan  for  growth  now  coming  to  life,  the  university 
is  investing  another  $800-plus  million  from  non-state  sources,  including  private 
gifts  and  overhead  receipts  from  faculty  research  grants,  for  other  buildings  essential 
to  excellence.  The  resulting  $1.3  biUion  capital  construction  program  is  believed  to 
be  among  the  largest  underway  at  any  major  American  university.  Carolina's  newest 
project  IS  the  North  Carolina  Cancer  Hospital,  a  $180  miUion  faciUty  being  built 
by  the  UNC  Health  Care  System  that  was  approved  by  the  North  Carolina  General 
Assembly  and  Gov.  Mike  Easley  in  summer  2004. 

UNC  anchors  one  corner  of  the  famed  Research  Triangle  Park,  which  has  played 
a  vital  role  in  nurturing  the  economic  development  of  North  Carolina. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Recent  Rankings 

ScN'cral  national  publications  regularly  publish  rankings  thai  Hsted  Carohna 
pronimcnlly  m  categories  ranging  irom  academic  quality  to  alTordability  to  diversity 
to  public  service  to  international  presence.  Recent  highHghts  include: 

5'''  best  public  university  in  U.S.  News  &  World  Reports  annual  "Best  Colleges" 
guidebook.  Affirmation  as  a  national  leader  in  student  accessibility;  2"''  among  public 
campuses  and  19'''  overall  in  "Great  Schools,  Great  Prices,"  based  on  academic 
quality,  net  cost  of  attendance  and  average  student  debt.  Also  6'''  among  publics  for 
"least  debt." 

Kenan-Flagler  Business  School:  tied  for  6th  among  undergraduate  programs. 

4'''  among  public  universities  m  "The  Top  Ameneau  Researeh  Universities," 
produced  by  Lombardi  Program  on  Measuring  University  Performance  at  the 
University  ol  Florida.  Based  on  categories  such  as  research,  endowment  assets, 
pri\-ate  giving,  faculty,  and  advanced  training. 

U'  among  the  100  best  public  colleges  combining  great  academics  and  affordable 
tuitions  as  ranked  by  Kiplmgers  Personal  Finanee.  Carolina  has  been  hrst  four 
consecutive  times. 

Number  one  "best  value"  among  77  schools  chosen  by  The  Princeton  Review  for 
outstanding  academics,  low-to-moderate  tuition  and  fees,  and  generous  hnancial 
aid  packages. 

Among  the  20  very  "best  buy"  public  universities  in  the  U.S.  and  Canada  as 
Judged  by  the  2005  Fiske  Guide  to  Colleges  based  on  the  quality  of  the  academic 
programs  m  relation  to  the  cost  of  attendance. 

"kiottest"  tor  health  careers,  according  to  the  Kaplan/Newsweek  2005  "How  to 
Get  into  College"  guide,  based  on  admissions  trends  and  inter\'iews  with  a  broad 
array  of  educators,  admissions  officers,  students  and  other  longtime  obser\'ers  of 
the  admissions  process.  An  article  in  the  guide  says  UNCs  diverse  offerings  m  the 
health  disciplines  -  all  m  the  same  place  -  are  helping  attract  prospective  students. 

1"  among  public  research  universities  recording  the  highest  rate  of 
undergraduates  studying  abroad  in  2001-2002;  17'''  among  all  major  research 
unu'ersities,  according  to  an  annual  report  published  by  the  Institute  of  International 
Education.  ' 

13'''  among  top  U.S.  colleges  and  universities  for  the  number  of  alumni 
\'olunteering  to  serve  m  the  Peace  Corps  m  2003.  j 

15'''  -  the  highest  ranking  for  any  major  public  research  university  -  in  the 
2003  "Black  Enterprise-DayStar  Top  50  Colleges  and  Universities  for  African 
Americans"  list.  This  ranking  was  based  on  responses  to  questions  about  which  ; 
schools  were  both  a  good  academic  and  social  ht  for  African-Americans.  ! 


684 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

Degree  programs  or  specialty  areas  from  the  schools  of  business,  education, 
government,  law,  medicine,  public  health  and  social  work  as  well  as  the  College  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  appeared  prominently  m  the  Spring  2004  edition  of  U.S.  News  & 
World  Report's  "Anierican's  Best  Graduate  Schools"  issue.  Highlights  included 
medicine,  overall  primary  care,  tied  for  5'*",  overall  research,  tied  for  20*;  social 
work,  masters  program,  tied  for  7''';  masters  of  public  administration  program, 
tied  for  lO'"",  Kenan-Flagler  Business  School's  MBA  program,  tied  for  2P',  School  of 
Law  tied  for  27*;  and  School  of  Education,  30*. 

Kenan-Flagler  appeared  in  several  other  best  MBA  program  lists.  They  included 
Business  Week,  executive  MBA  5*,  executive  education  20'''  Forhes,  8th  for  return 
on  investment  to  graduates;  The  Wall  Street  Journal,  10*  based  on  a  survey  of  corporate 
recruiters;  and  The  Financial  Times,  7*. 

Key  Statistics 

Now  in  its  third  century,  Carolina  offers  bachelors,  masters,  doctoral  and 
professional  degrees  m  academic  areas  critical  to  North  Carolina's  future:  business, 
dentistr}^,  education,  law,  medicine,  nursing,  public  health  and  social  work,  among 
others.  The  health  sciences  are  well  integrated  with  the  liberal  arts,  basic  sciences 
and  high-tech  programs.  Patient  outreach  programs  affiliated  with  Carolina  and  the 
UNC  Health  Care  System  serv^e  citizens  in  all  100  North  Carolina  counties. 

Carolina  belongs  to  the  select  group  of  61  American  and  two  Canadian  campuses 
forming  the  Association  of  American  Universities. 

In  fall  2004,  Carolina  expects  to  enroll  more  than  26,300  students  from  all 
100  North  Carohna  counties,  the  other  49  states  and  more  than  100  other  countries. 
Eighty-two  percent  of  Carolina's  undergraduates  come  from  North  Carolina. 

Those  students  learn  from  a  3,000-member  faculty.  Many  of  those  faculty 
members  hold  or  have  held  major  posts  in  virtually  every  national  scholarly  or 
professional  organization  and  have  earned  election  to  the  most  prestigious  academic 
groups. 

The  Carolina  academic  community  benefits  from  a  library  with  more  than  5.6 
million  volumes  and  perennially  ranks  among  the  best  research  libraries  in  North 
America  as  judged  by  the  Association  of  Research  Libraries.  The  most  recent 
association  listings  place  Carolina  15th  among  113  research  libraries  in  North 
America.  UNC's  North  Carolina  Collection  is  the  largest  of  its  kind  among  state- 
oriented  collections  on  campuses  nationwide.  And  the  Southern  and  rare  book 
collections  also  are  among  the  country's  hnest. 

CaroUna's  more  than  239,720  alumni  live  in  all  50  states  and  m  133  countries. 
Notable  alumni  include  writers  Thomas  Wolfe,  Shelby  Foote  and  Jill  McCorkle; 
athletes  Michael  Jordan,  Vince  Carter,  Mia  Hamm,  Marion  Jones  and  Davis  Love 
111;  and  journalists  Roger  Mudd,  Charles  Kuralt,  Stuart  Scott  and  Tom  Wicker. 


685 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Others  include  former  White  House  Chief  of  Staff  Erskine  Bowles;  former  White 
House  Communications  Director  Don  Baer;  U.S.  Sen.  John  Edwards;  Bill  Harrison, 
chief  executive  officer  of  Chase  Manhattan  Bank;  Scott  Livengood,  Krispy  Kreme    j 
Doughnut  chairman,  president  and  chief  executive  ofhcer;  Sallie  L.  Krawcheck,    j 
chairman  and  chief  executive  ofhcer  of  Smith  Barney,  a  division  of  Citigroup;  Dr. 
Mary  Sue  Coleman,  a  biochemist  and  former  Carolina  vice  chancellor  and  now  the    j 
University  of  Michigan  president;  U.S.  President  James  Polk;  geneticist  Francis 
Collins;  actors  Jack  Palance,  George  Gnzzard  and  Andy  Grifhth,  as  well  as  actresses 
Louise  Fletcher  and  Sharon  Lawrence;  editorial  cartoonist  Jeff  MacNelly;  corporate 
banker  Hugh  McColl;  and  fashion  designer  Alexander  Julian.  I 

I 
The  Carolina  Covenant 

Starting  in  tall  2004,  the  Carolina  Covenant  began  enabling  low-income  students 
to  graduate  debt-free  by  working  in  a  federal  work-study  job  instead  of  borrowing. 
Carolina  will  meet  the  rest  of  students'  needs  through  a  combination  of  public  and 
private  grants  and  scholarships. 

This  IS  the  hrst  program  of  its  kind  at  a  U.S.  public  university;  several  major 
public  and  private  campuses  -  including  Harvard  and  the  universities  of  Virginia 
and  Maryland  —  have  since  followed  Carolina's  lead  to  offer  their  own  programs. 
The  Carolina  Covenant  underscores  UNCs  traditional  commitment  to  access  and 
excellence. 

The  initiative  also  has  attracted  generous  private  support  from  Tar  Heel  Basketball 
Coach  Roy  Williams  and  his  family  (wife  Wanda  and  their  children,  Scott  and 
Kimberly)  and  other  corporate  donors.  Such  generous  gifts  to  the  Carolina  First 
campaign  will  help  support  future  desening  students. 

Private  Support 

The  Carolina  First  Campaign,  which  supports  the  university's  goal  of  becoming  ; 
the  nations  leading  public  university,  has  reached  the  $L29  billion  mark  in  gifts  ' 
and  pledges  toward  the  total  goal  of  $L8  bilhon  by  2007.  \ 

Reaching  that  goal  is  critical  for  the  university  to  compete  nationally  for  top 
faculty  and  students,  invest  m  departments  and  programs  and  build  and  renovate  | 
facilities  needed  to  educate  21st  century  students.  The  campaign  focuses  on  hve  : 
key  areas:  attracting  and  retaining  the  best  faculty;  educating  students  —  tomorrows  ! 
leaders;  enriching  the  UNC  experience  through  strategic  initiatives;  improving  the  ! 
publics  health  and  quality  ot  life  through  research;  and  the  campus  and  its  master  : 
plan  tor  the  future.  The  eight-year  campaign  began  July  1,  1999.  | 


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UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

The  impact  of  gifts  already  has  been  substantiah  CaroUna  First  already  has  created 
126  new  endowed  professorships  -  more  than  half  the  total  goal  of  200  -  and  430 
new  undergraduate  scholarships  and  graduate  fellowships  toward  a  target  of  1,000. 

Carolina  received  $190  million  in  gifts  and  private  grants  during  fiscal  year 
2004  -  the  largest  amount  received  in  a  single  year  in  university  history.  Campaign 
commitments  last  fiscal  year  neared  $237  milUon. 

In  fall  2000,  Chancellor  James  Moeser  pledged  to  the  people  of  North  Carolina 
that  if  they  passed  the  higher  education  bond  referendum  the  university  would 
triple  their  investment  with  private  funds.  The  people  responded  overwhelmingly, 
and  successful  completion  of  the  Carolina  First  campaign  will  fulfill  that  pledge. 
The  ultimate  benehciaries  will  be  the  people  of  North  CaroUna. 

Students 

j  Recent  freshman  classes  at  Carolina  have  set  new  standards  of  excellence  as 
measured  by  the  rigorous  coursework  students  have  taken  in  high  school,  as  well 
as  their  grades  and  SAT  scores.  In  2004,  the  university's  incoming  freshmen 
continued  that  trend. 

In  2003-2004,  six  UNC  students  won  distinguished  national  and  international 
scholarships,  making  it  one  of  the  university's  most  successful  years  m  recognition 
•  for  outstanding  undergraduates. 

Senior  Morehead  Scholar  Elizabeth  Kistm  was  chosen  for  a  Rhodes  Scholarship. 

i  Ann  Upchurch  Collier  earned  a  scholarship  from  the  Henry  Luce  Foundation  for  a 

i  yearlong  internship  m  Asia.  Menaka  Kalaskar  and  Claire  Young  won  awards  from 

j  the  Harry  Truman  Scholarship  Foundation  to  support  their  senior  years  and  graduate 

'school.  Nicholas  Robert  Love  received  the  Barry  M.  Goldwater  Foundation's 

scholarship  for  students  planning  careers  in  mathematics,  the  natural  sciences  or 

engineering.  Heide  M.  Iravani  received  an  award  from  the  Morris  K.  Udall  Scholarship 

and  Excellence  in  Environmental  Policy  Foundation.  Two  graduates  were  honored 

!  with  Andrew  W.  Mellon  Fellowships  in  Humanistic  Studies:    Alison  Colis  Greene 

and  Jennifer  Royce  Stepp. 

'  Carolina  joined  Harvard  and  Stanford  as  the  only  schools  with  Rhodes,  Luce, 
Truman  and  Goldwater  winners.  Having  more  than  one  Mellon  winner  at  a  campus 
is  not  unusual,  but  typically  occurs  just  in  the  Ivy  League.  Overall,  the  university 
remained  second  only  to  Harvard  in  its  number  of  Luce  Scholars  and  second  among 
public  universities  for  Rhodes  winners.  UNC  has  had  14  Rhodes  Scholars  since 
1980  and  37  since  the  program  began  in  1902.  The  university  ranks  second  among 
public  universities  m  numbers  of  Rhodes  Scholars  produced. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


;-> 


Camlinas  incoming  ircshman  class  m  2004  includes  40  new  Morehead  Scholars: 
20  ol  North  Carolina's  mosi  dynamic  young  leaders,  19  from  17  states  across  the 
U.S.  and  one  Irom  Scotland.  Among  the  largest  and  most  competitive  scholarships 
at  U.S.  colleges  and  universities,  the  Morehead  Awards  cover  all  expenses  for  four 
years  ol  undergraduate  study,  including  summer  enrichment  experiences.  The 
program,  now  more  than  a  hall -century  old,  is  modeled  after  the  Rhodes  Scholarships 
to  O.xlord  University  in  England. 

The  newest  Tar  Heels  entering  Carolina  this  fall  also  include  15  Robertson 
Scholars.  Along  with  15  others  who  will  matriculate  at  Duke  University,  they  are 
part  ol  the  lourth  class  ol  this  unic(ue  scholarship  program,  created  by  a  $24  million 
gilt  Irom  Julian  and  Josie  Robertson.  The  fuU-tuition  scholarship  will  allow  each 
student  to  spend  a  semester  m  residence  at  the  other  campus.  The  scholarships 
bring  together  two  ol  the  nations  tinest  universities  and  help  foster  enhanced 
collaboration  between  both  campuses. 

Faculty 

Prolessor  Oliver  Smithies  was  a  recipient  of  the  2001  Albert  Lasker  Award  for 
Basic  Medical  Research,  the  nations  most  distinguished  honor  for  outstanding 
contributions  to  basic  medical  research.  The  Albert  and  Maiy  Lasker  Foundation 
presented  the  award.  Smithies,  excellence  professor  o\  pathology  and  laboratory 
medicine,  shared  the  honor  with  two  other  scientists  lor  their  pioneering  work 
using  mouse  embiyonic  stem  cells  to  create  animals  models  of  human  disease.  The 
Lasker  Avv^ards  have  olten  been  called  "Americas  Nobels,"  and  more  than  60 
researchers  who  won  a  Lasker  went  on  to  receive  the  Nobel  Prize. 

Dr.  Aziz  Sancar,  Sarah  Graham  Kenan  Professor  of  Biochemistry  and  Biophysics 
in  the  School  ol  Medicine,  recently  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Academy 
ol  Arts  and  Sciences  in  recognition  ol  ma|or  contributions  to  his  Held.  The  academy 
is  considered  the  nations  oldest  and  most  illustrious  learned  society  Sancar,  whose 
research  includes  DNA  repair,  will  be  honored  in  October  2004  at  academy 
headcjuarters  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  is  the  university's  24th'''  academy  member. 

Carolmas  most  recent  member  ol  the  prestigious  National  Academy  ol  Science 
is  Dr.  Richard  V.  Wolfenden,  Alumni  Distinguished  Professor  of  chemistry,, 
biochemistry  and  physics.  He  studies  enzyme  mechanisms  and  water  affinities  of, 
biological  compounds.  His  work  helped  lead  to  the  development  o{  a  categoiy  of| 
drugs  known  as  ACE  inhibitors,  used  to  treat  hypertension.  i 

Associate  Professor  Deb  Aikat  from  the  School  oi  Journalism  and  Massi 
Communication  was  named  the  Scripps  Howard  Foundations  National  Journalism 
Awards  "Journalism  Teacher  o{  the  Year."  He  received  a  troph\'  and  a  $5,000  prize  at. 
the  National  Press  Club  m  Washington,  D.C.  The  School  of  Journalism  and  Massj 
Communication  also  will  receive  a  $5,000  grant  connected  with  the  award,  jointlyl 


688 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

given  m  cooperation  with  the  Freedom  Forum,  the  Knight  Foundation  and  the 
Association  for  Education  in  JournaUsm  and  Mass  Communication. 

Pediatrics  Professor  Mel  Levine  has  pioneered  efforts  to  understand  why  children 
learn  differently.  All  Kinds  of  Minds,  a  non-profit  institute  afftliated  with  UNC  and 
founded  by  Levine,  to  promote  greater  awareness  of  learning  differences  nationally 

Research 

I  Research  funding  has  risen  steadily  at  Carolina  for  more  than  two  decades, 
making  Chapel  Hill  one  of  the  top  U.S.  public  universities  m  research  support. 
i  Faculty  secured  $577.6  million  in  research  funds  in  2004  -  up  7.5  percent  from 
I  2003.  Carolina  ranks  among  the  leaders  in  grants  from  the  National  Institutes  of 
'  Health  and  the  National  Science  Foundation. 

Faculty  discoveries  have  created  25  spin-off  companies  that  are  attracting  new 
(  investments  and  creating  jobs  for  North  Carolinians.  Examples  of  commercialization 
'  include  therapeutic  agents  for  Parkinson's  Disease,  technologies  for  drug  delivery 
to  treat  cancer  and  respiratory  diseases  including  cystic  fibrosis,  industrial 
:  applications  for  carbon  nanotubes  and  gene  therapy  treatment  for  diseases  like 
■  muscular  dystrophy. 

Carolina  has  committed  at  least  $245  million  over  the  next  decade  to  the  emerging 

'  field  of  genome  sciences.  The  campuswide  initiative,  which  represents  public  and 

\  private  investments,  will  allow  Carolina  to  be  a  driving  force  in  determining  how 

;  the  genomics  revolution  will  change  the  way  we  treat  human  diseases,  design  drugs 

\  and  grow  crops.  This  collaborative  effort  includes  construction  of  four  new  buildings 

i  to  house  genomics  research  and  a  $25  million  anonymous  gift  to  create  the  Michael 

'  Hooker  Center  for  Proteomics  to  study  a  specialized  area  of  genetics.  One  result  of 

j  the  campuswide  commitment  to  this  initiative  is  the  School  of  Public  Healths  selection 

by  the  U.S.  Centers  for  Disease  Control  and  Prevention  to  house  one  of  the  nations 

three  centers  for  excellence  for  genomics  and  public  health.  Cancer  genetics  will  be 

a  major  force. 

Carolinas  research  initiatives  include  a  high-tech  effort  to  help  strengthen  the 
North  Carolina  economy.  Daniel  Reed,  one  of  the  worlds  top  high-performance 
computing  experts,  is  founding  director  of  the  new  interdisciplinary  Renaissance 
Computing  Institute,  which  is  based  at  UNC  m  also  supported  by  Duke  and  N.C. 
State  universities.  It  will  partner  with  business  leaders  to  enhance  the  competitiveness 
of  North  Carolina  industries. 

Carolina  is  contributing  world-class  faculty  expertise  in  emerging  and  infectious 
diseases  as  well  as  immunology  to  a  new  $45-million  biodefense  initiative.  The 
Southeast  Regional  Centers  of  Excellence  for  Biodefense  and  Emerging  Infectious 
Disease  will  develop  vaccines,  drugs  and  diagnostic  tests  against  emerging  infections 


689 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  organisms  such  as  Severe  Acule  Respirator)'  Syndrome  and  smallpox.  Carolma 
is  among  six  unixersilies  selected  tor  the  federally  funded  research  consortium. 

Eighteen  years  ago,  Carolina  scientists  saw  the  promise  of  extending  the 
uni\'ersit\'s  international  research  presence  into  the  skies  oi  the  Southern  Hemisphere 
and  how  that  would  benefit  faculty  and  students  m  Chapel  Hill  and  North  Carolina. 
Their  dream  has  come  true  with  the  recent  dedication  of  the  Southern  Astrophysical 
Research  (SOAR)  Telescope  in  Chiles  Andes  Mountains.  The  telescope  will  produce 
the  best-quality  images  of  any  obsen'ator)'  m  its  class  in  the  world  at  a  location  that 
is  ideal  tor  \'iewing  the  Milky  Way  our  home  galaxy  and  other  planets  m  our  solar 
system.  The  Internet  will  help  bring  those  images  back  to  faculty  and  students  m 
Chapel  Hill.  Faculty  and  students  including  undergraduates  will  travel  to  Chile  to 
learn  tirst  hand  trom  SOAR.  Carolina  is  part  ot  this  $32  million  public-private 
partnership  with  the  U.S.  National  Optical  Astronomy  Observatory  the  nation  of 
Brazil  and  Michigan  State  University 

UNC  scientists  are  national  leaders  among  those  using  sophisticated  atomic- 
scale  research  technic(ues  called  nanotechnology  which  may  help  guide  etforts  to 
manipulate  viruses  and  DNA.  Team  members  work  with  a  device  they  invented 
called  the  nanoManipulator,  which  combines  an  atomic  torce  microscope  with  a 
force-feedback  virtual  reality  system. 

Carolina  has  spearheaded  a  new  National  Demonstration  Program  for  Citizen- 
Soldiers  Program,  which  received  $L8  million  m  funding  m  the  2004  Department 
of  Defense  appropriations  bill  finalized  by  Congress  mjuly  2004.  The  new  program 
is  designed  to  serve  the  families  of  National  Guard  and  Reserv^e  personnel  who  are 
being  deployed  m  unprecedented  numbers  and  for  lengthier  terms  of  duty.  The 
program  aims  to  better  address  challenges  Guard  and  Reseiwe  members  and  their 
families  lace  during  mobilization,  deployment  and  when  they  return  from  duty. 

Educational  and  Cultural  Resources 

From  the  Ackland  Art  Museum  to  the  Morehead  Planetarium  and  Science  Center 
to  the  North  Carolina  Botanical  Garden,  Carolina  offers  a  vast  array  of  educational 
and  cultural  opportunities. 

The  Ackland  exhibits  from  a  permanent  collection  oi  more  than  15,000  works  ' 
ot  art,  particularly  lich  m  Old  Master  paintings  and  sculptures  by  artists  including! 
Degas,  Rubens  and  Pisarro;  Indian  miniatures;  Japanese  paintings;  and  North' 
Carolina  folk  art.  Astronomy  enthusiasts  and  schoolchildren  from  across  North' 
Carolina  enjoy  the  Morehead  Planetarium  and  Science  Center,  which  offers  original  I 
productions  such  as  the  multimedia  presentation  of  ''Magic  Tree  House  Space  ' 
Mission"  based  on  the  children s  series.  Besides  its  displays  ot  native  and  unusual . 
plants  and  its  nature  trails,  the  North  Carolina  Botanical  Garden  offers  art  exhibits,  [ 
nature  walks  and  courses  on  topics  ranging  from  home  gardening  to  botanical! 
illustration.  i 

690 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

Professional  theater  also  has  a  permanent  place  at  Carolina  through  the 
PlayMakers  Repertory  Company,  which  performs  in  the  Paul  Green  Theatre.  The 
Carolina  Union  Performing  Arts  Series  brings  national  and  international  dance, 
theatre  and  musical  performances  to  campus. 

The  Sonja  Haynes  Stone  Center  for  Black  Culture  and  History  opened  in  August 
2004,  becoming  one  of  the  few  such  facilities  nationwide  combining  cultural 
programs,  research,  community  service,  teaching  and  learning  under  one  roof. 
Funded  by  private  donations,  the  Stone  Center  contains  classrooms,  a  10,000- 
volume  library,  seminar  rooms,  an  art  gallery,  dance  studio  and  spaces  for 
performances,  lectures,  meetings  and  offices. 


Public  Service 

UNCs  public  service  programs  reach  every  region  of  North  Carolina,  helping 
communities  protect  public  health,  improve  schools  and  medical  services,  stimulate 
business,  plan  for  growth,  understand  cultural  heritage,  and  enrich  the  quality  of 
peoples  daily  lives.  Launched  in  1999,  the  Carolina  Center  for  Public  Service 
coordinates  and  catalyzes  campus  outreach  activities  around  the  state. 

Other  mainstays  of  UNCs  public  service  efforts  include  the  Institute  of 
Government,  the  nations  largest  and  most  diversihed  university-based  government 
training  and  research  organization,  and  the  N.C  Area  Health  Education  Centers 
(AHEC)  Program,  which  is  based  at  the  School  of  Medicine  and  helps  meet  health- 
care needs  statewide. 

Carolina  recently  launched  a  new  database  matching  its  public  service  projects 
with  all  100  North  Carolina  counties.  Created  by  the  Carolina  Center  for  Public 
Service,  this  Internet  resource  contains  more  than  700  records  and  will  continue  to 
grow.  You  can  access  the  database  at  www.unc.edu/cps:  click  on  "Search  the  Public 
Service  Database." 

Each  spring,  the  Tar  Heel  Bus  Tour  takes  new  faculty  and  administrators  across 
North  Carolina.  In  2004,  35  bus  tour  participants  logged  more  than  1,000  miles 
by  bus  learning  what  it  means  to  be  a  true  Tar  Heel.  Fourteen  stops  over  five  days 
spodighted  tobacco  farming,  NASCAR,  textiles,  furniture,  education  and  health  care. 
The  privately  funded  tour  shows  newcomers  the  state  m  which  82  percent  of  the 
university's  undergraduates  grow  up  and  how  our  outreach  efforts  serve  North 
Carolinians.  Faculty  see  how  their  own  interests  align  with  the  states  needs. 

Destiny,  Carolina's  traveling  science  laboratory,  takes  the  latest  technology  and 
teaching  tools  to  North  Carolina  schools.  The  40-foot  bus  is  full  of  state-of-the-art 
science  and  technology  equipment  for  wet-lab  experiments,  Internet  exploration 
and  classroom  materials.  The  project,  among  the  first  of  its  kind  nationwide,  grew 
from  the  Partnership  for  Minority  Advancement  in  the  Biomolecular  Sciences,  a 
consortium  UNC  began  more  than  a  decade  ago  with  historically  minority 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

unix'Cfsilics.  The  ceMisoriium  iniroduces  biomolecular  science  into  N.C.  public 
school  and  college  classrooms  in  response  to  a  science  teacher  shortage  and  a  lack 
of  diversity  within  the  science  protessions.  The  bus  brings  the  latest  science  and 
technology  to  students  who  otherwise  would  not  see  a  high-technology  laboratory 
or  what  a  science  career  can  offer.  Since  hitting  the  road  in  2000,  Destiny  has  visited 
95  counties,  104  school  systems  and  250  schools.  The  bus  has  reached  more  than 
850  educators,  hosted  more  than  8,500  students  for  lab  experiences  on  board  and 
proN'ided  more  than  24,000  students  with  classroom  curriculum  materials. 

North  Carolina's  teachers  are  benehting  from  the  Learners'  and  Educators' 
Assistance  and  Resource  Network  of  North  Carolina  (LEARN  NO,  a  collaborative 
statewide  network  of  teachers  and  partners  devoted  to  improving  student  performance 
and  enhancing  teacher  prohciencies  by  creating  and  sharing  high-quality  teaching 
and  learning  resources  via  the  'World  Wide  Web.  LEARN  NC,  offered  free  through 
the  UNC  School  of  Education,  provides  curriculum  and  instructional  tools  aligned 
with  the  state's  Standard  Course  of  Study  and  a  virtual  classroom  ol  online  courses 
for  K-f2  students  and  teachers.  LEARN  NC  has  trained  teachers  and  others  m  all 
117  public  school  systems  as  well  as  charter  schools.  North  Carolina's  Catholic 
Diocese  and  the  North  Carolina  Independent  School  Association. 

'WUNC-FM,  the  National  Public  Radio  affiliate  licensed  to  the  university,  operates 
a  five-station  radio  network  serving  more  than  280,000  weekly  listeners  from 
Greensboro  to  the  Outer  Banks.  W^INC  has  the  largest  public  radio  news  staff  in 
North  Carolina  and  produces  public  radio  programs  including  "The  State  ol  Things" 
and  'The  People's  Pharmacy."  WT.INC  can  be  heard  at  91.5  FM  m  the  Triangle  and 
Triad,  at  90.9  FM  m  the  Rocky  MountA\'ilson/Greenville  area  and  at  88.9,  90.5 
and  90.9  along  the  Outer  Banks. 

Since  the  1940s,  scientists  at  UNO's  Institute  of  Marine  Sciences  m  Morehead 
City  have  seiwed  North  Carolina  by  addressing  important  questions  related  to  the 
nature,  use,  development,  protection  and  enhancement  of  coastal  marine  resources. 
Its  work  includes  the  Neuse  River  Monitoring  and  Modeling  Project  on  the  Neuse 
River,  which  has  been  designated  as  one  ot  the  nation's  20  most  pollution-endangered 
rivers. 


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UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 


Dr.  James  Moeser 

chancellor 
UNC-Chapel  Hill 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Colorado  City,  Texas,  on  April  3,  1939. 

EducationalBackground 

B.A.  with  Honors  in  Music,  University  of  Texas, 
1961;  M.M.  in  Musicology,  University  of  Texas, 
1964;  Doctor  of  Musical  Arts,  University  of 
Michigan,  1967. 

PrvfessionalBackground 

Chancellor,  University  of  North  Carolina  at 
Chapel  Hill,  2000-Present;  Chancellor, 
University  of  Nebraska-Lincoln,  1996-2000; 

Vice-President  for  Academic  Affairs  and  Provost,  University  of  South  CaroHna,  1992- 
96;  Dean,  College  of  Arts  and  Architecture  and  Executive  Director  of  University  Arts 
Services,  Pennsylvania  State  University,  1986-92;  Dean,  School  of  Fine  Arts, 
University  of  Kansas,  1975-86;  Carl  and  Ruth  Althaus  Distinguished  Professor  of 
Music,  University  of  Kansas,  1984-86;  Professor  of  Organ,  University  Organist, 
Chair  of  the  Department  of  Organ  (to  1975),  University  of  Kansas,  1969-74;  Assistant 
Professor  of  Organ,  University  Organist,  Chair  of  the  Department  of  Organ, 
University  of  Kansas,  1966-69. 

Business/Professional,  Charltable/Cwic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Member,  Board  of  Trustees,  North  Carolina  Symphony  Society,  Inc.;  North  Carolina 
Board  of  Science  and  Technology;  Board  of  Directors,  UNC  Health  Care  System. 

Elected  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Directors,  National  Merit  Scholarship  Corporation;  National  Commission 
on  Writing  in  Americas  Schools  and  Colleges;  Cost  of  Research  and  International 
Affairs  committees.  Association  of  American  Universities. 

Honors  andAwards 

2001  Outstanding  Alumnus  Award,  University  of  Texas  at  Austin  Graduate  School; 
1968  Kent  Fellowship  for  Postdoctoral  Research  m  Musicology,  Danforth 
Foundation,  University  of  Michigan;  1961-62  Year  of  Advanced  Study,  Fulbright- 
Hayes  Grant,  Hochschule  fur  Musik,  Berhn,  Germany  (additional  work  in  Paris, 
France). 

Personallnfbrmation 

Married  to  Dr.  Susan  Dickerson  Moeser.  Two  children. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Charlotte 

As  the  only  docloral-degrec  mslitiuion  m  ihe  stales  largest  metropolitan  center, 
the  University  o\  North  Carolina  at  Charlotte  serves  the  urgent  educational  and 
research  needs  of  a  vigorous  economy  and  a  diverse  cultural  environment.  It 
specializes  in  excellent  teaching,  market-oriented  research  and  expert  public  ser\'ice. 
Its  academic  reputation  consistently  ranks  it  as  one  of  the  most  distinguished  regional 
universities  in  the  Southeastern  United  States. 

UNC  Charlotte  was  founded  m  1946  as  a  night  school  for  returning  World 
War  II  veterans.  In  1949  the  people  of  Charlotte,  inspired  by  mathematics  teacher 
Bonnie  E.  Cone,  converted  the  night  school  into  a  permanent  institution  under  the 
name  Charlotte  College.  In  1965,  at  the  urging  of  Bonnie  Cone,  the  North  Carolina 
General  Assembly  made  Charlotte  College  the  fourth  branch  of  the  University  of 
North  Carolina.  In  the  past  39  years,  UNC  Charlotte  has  produced  more  than  70,000 
graduates,  the  vast  majority  of  vv^hom  still  reside  m  North  Carolina. 

With  an  enrollment  of  more  than  20,000  students  and  a  faculty  of  more  than 
875,  it  is  the  fourth-largest  institution  withm  the  16-campus  University  of  North 
Carolina  system.  It  attracts  students  from  97  of  North  Carolina's  100  counties,  47 
states  and  the  District  of  Columbia  and  from  more  than  75  toreign  countries. 
Enrollment  projections  indicate  the  university  can  expect  a  student  population  of 
about  25,000  students  by  the  year  2010.  Nearly  4,500  of  the  universitys  students 
are  housed  on  the  campus.  Another  4,000  to  5,000  live  m  privately-owned 
apartments  and  condominiums  withm  walking  distance  of  the  campus.  The 
remainder  commute  from  within  the  14-county  metropolitan  region.  The  university 
expects  to  maintain  those  housing  ratios  into  the  future. 

UNC  Charlotte  is  composed  of  a  College  of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  six  professional 
schools  -  the  College  of  Architecture,  the  Belk  College  of  Business  Administration, 
the  College  of  Education,  the  William  States  Lee  College  of  Engineering,  the  College  . 
of  Health  and  Human  Services  and  the  College  of  Information  Technology.  The 
university  offers  a  broad  range  of  undergraduate  programs,  more  than  55  graduate 
programs  and  12  programs  leading  to  doctoral  degrees.  About  20%  of  its  students 
are  enrolled  in  graduate  studies.  | 

UNC  Charlottes  campus  covers  almost  1,000  acres  between  U.S.  Highway  29 
and  North  Carolina  Highway  49  about  10  miles  northeast  of  Charlottes  central 
business  district.  The  universitys  Internet-accessible  facilities  are  grouped  m  a  compact 
cluster,  easily  accessible  with  no  building  more  than  a  10-minute  walk  from  Atkins  ■ 
Library,  which  stands  in  the  center  of  the  campus.  Much  of  the  universitys  remaining  \ 
land  IS  heavily  wooded  and  offers  scenic  lakes,  streams  and  jogging  or  hiking  trails. 
The  universitys  presence  has  stimulated  the  development  of  much  of  the  surrounding  i 
land,  including  3,200  acres  of  University  Research  Park,  the  hfth-largest  university-  I 
related  research  park  in  the  United  States.  Other  developments  in  the  area  include  i 


694 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

University  Hospital,  a  130-bed,  acute-care  facility,  and  University  Place,  a  European- 
styled  mixed-use  commercial  center  that  includes  housing,  shops,  offices,  restaurants, 
theaters  and  hotels.  The  university  is  the  focus  of  University  City,  a  thriving  urban 
center  that  is  among  the  most  diverse  and  fastest-growing  of  the  "edge  cities"  that 
surround  Charlotte.  In  addition  to  its  main  campus,  UNC  Charlotte  maintains  a 
15,000  square-foot  classroom  complex  in  Charlottes  central  business  district  to 
serve  the  more  than  75,000  people  who  live  and  work  there. 

UNC  Charlotte  strives  to  make  full  use  of  its  proximity  to  Charlotte  and  the 

metropolitan  region,  which  offer  real-life  laboratories  for  hands-on  teaching  through 

internships,  cooperative  education  and  public  service.  The  Belk  College  of  Business 

Administration  follows  the  advice  of  area  business  leaders  in  seeking  ways  to  improve 

its  service  to  the  community  The  university's  College  of  Education  sends  its  faculty 

and  students  into  classrooms  in  more  than  30  area  school  districts.  The  William 

States  Lee  College  of  Engineering  collaborates  with  over  500  employers  who  hire 

engineering  students  as  interns  and  for  co-operative  education  programs.  The 

Charlotte  Research  Institute  partners  with  numerous  manufacturers,  medical  centers, 

businesses  and  institutions  in  conducting  technical  research.  The  university's  Ofhce 

J,  of  Continuing  Education  Exrended  and  Summer  Programs  annually  conducts  more 

!  than  350  non-credit  courses  and  100  distance  academic-credit  courses  of  interest 

:  to  more  than  8,600  students  from  business,  the  professions  and  non-profit 

institutions  throughout  the  metropolitan  area  and  the  state.  Additionally,  the  office 

■  offers  about  800  summer  classes  attended  by  more  than  11,000  students. 

>  The  university's  lead  public  service  agency  is  the  Urban  Institute,  which  calls 
on  the  faculty's  expertise  in  helping  business  and  industry,  local,  state  and  federal 
government  agencies  and  non-profit  institutions  throughout  the  Carolinas  solve 
problems,  assess  opportunities  and  monitor  programs  and  services.  In  a  typical 
year  the  institute  might  complete  as  many  as  50  projects  involving  about  80 
community  partners.  Among  other  outreach  services,  the  Office  of  International 
Programs  assists  people,  business  and  institutions  throughout  the  region  in  adjusting 
to  global  trends  in  trade,  languages  and  other  educational  and  cultural  opportunities. 
The  Center  for  Professional  and  Applied  Ethics  assists  business,  institutions  and 
government  agencies  m  resolving  conflicts  of  interest  and  preparing  employees  to 
recognize  ethical  issues.  The  university  supports  the  Ben  Craig  Center,  a  business 
incubator  that  houses  about  a  dozen  technology-based  firms  in  the  first  two  or 
three  years  of  their  operations.  The  center  provides  office  space,  equipment  and 
services  and  offers  expertise  in  management,  strategic  planning  and  the  aggregation 
of  capital.  It  has  supported  the  development  of  more  than  94  businesses  that  moved 
out  of  the  center  and  are  now  contributing  economic  value  to  the  metropoHtan 
region. 


695 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Dr. James  H.Woodward 

Chancellor 
UNC  Charlotte 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Sanlord,  Florida,  November  24,  1939, 
to  J.  Hoyt  and  Bonnie  Breeden  Woodward. 

EdiicatioiialBaclzgrx)und 

B.S.A.E.  with  Honors,  Geors,ia  Institute  of 
Technology,  1962;  M.S.A.E.,  Georgia  Institute 
ot  Technology,  1963;  Ph.D.,  Georgia  Institute 
of  Technology,  1967;  M.B.A.,  The  University 
ot  Alabama  at  Birmingham,  1973. 

Ptx)fessioiialBacligix>und 

Chancellor,  University  of  North  Carolina  at 

Charlotte,  1989-Present;  Senior  Vice-President 

for  University  College,  University  of  Alabama  at  Birmingham,  1984-89;  Dean,  School 

of  Engineering,  UAB,  1978-83;  Professor  of  Engineering  Mechanics,  UAB,  1977- 

89;  Assistant  Vice-President  for  University  College,  UAB,  1973-78;  Director  of 

Technology  Development,  Rust  hiternational,  1970-73. 

Busuiess/Pix)fessionaly  Cfiantable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Society  of  Engineering  Education;  Phi  Kappa  Phi;  Tau  Beta  Pi. 

Elected  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

McColl  Center  for  Visual  Art;  Foundation  of  the  Carolmas;  MCNC. 

Military  Seruice 

Captain,  U.S.  Air  Force,  1965-68. 

Pei^sonallnfonnation 

Married,  Martha  Hill  Woodward.  Three  children.  Four  grandchildren.  Member  of 
the  Methodist  Church. 


696 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Greensboro 

The  University  of  North  at  Greensboro,  located  near  the  geographic  center  of 
the  state  and  in  its  third-largest  city,  has  a  long  tradition  of  academic  excellence.  As 
The  State  Normal  and  Industrial  School  (1891-96),  The  State  Normal  and  Industrial 
College  (1896-1919),  The  North  Carolma  College  for  Women  (1919-32)  and  The 
Woman's  College  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  (1932-63),  the  institutions 
concentration  was  on  the  education  of  women  for  many  years.  In  1963,  Woman's 
College  was  renamed  The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Greensboro  and  became 
coeducational.  With  the  change  came  an  expanded  educational  mission,  particularly 
at  the  graduate  level.  Today,  UNCG  has  a  headcount  enrollment  of  more  than  15,000 
students.  Over  the  years,  the  university  has  awarded  more  than  90,000  degrees. 

Under  the  leadership  of  Chancellor  Patricia  A.  Sullivan,  UNCG  is  meeting  the 
challenges  of  the  21st  century  as  the  institution  expands  its  teaching,  research  and 
service  through  initiatives  in  education,  business,  science,  cultural  leadership  and 
public  policy  The  campus  is  living  its  mission  statement:  "The  University  of  North 
Carolina  at  Greensboro  is  a  leading  student-centered  research  university,  linking 
the  Piedmont  Triad  to  the  world  through  learning,  discovery,  and  service." 

Among  its  major  outreach  activities,  UNCG  has  established  a  Center  for  Women's 
Health  and  Wellness,  and  a  Center  for  New  North  Carolinians.  The  campus  has 
achieved  success  with  its  Center  for  Youth,  Families  and  Community  Partnerships, 
which  utilizes  UNCG's  faculty  expertise  to  help  solve  community  problems.  Working 
in  cooperation  with  Moses  Cone  Health  Systems,  UNCG  also  operates  the  Institute 
for  Health,  Science  and  Society.  The  institute  promotes  the  sharing  and  exchange  of 
resources  to  mutually  enhance  research  and  teaching  and  serve  the  Triad  community. 
The  Center  for  Global  Business  Education  and  Research  is  internationalizing  the 
curriculum  for  students  in  the  Joseph  M.  Bryan  School  of  Business  and  Economics. 
Programs  in  the  School  of  Education  continue  to  be  ranked  among  the  nation's 
best. 

With  approval  of  the  North  Carolina  Higher  Education  Bonds,  UNCG  continues 
to  enhance  its  instructional  facilities  and  campus  infrastructure.  In  2003-2004, 
UNCG  had  projects  totaling  more  than  $152  million  either  in  construction,  planning 
or  design.  Two  major  new  additions  are  under  construction  in  this  effort:  the  Studio 
Art  Center  and  Hall  for  Humanities  and  Research  Administration.  Other  bond  projects 
in  the  planning  or  design  stage  include  renovations  to  Aycock  Auditorium  and  the 
Petty  Science  Building. 

Academically,  the  university  consists  of  a  College  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  which 
contains  20  departments,  and  six  professional  schools:  the  Joseph  M.  Bryan  School 
of  Business  and  Economics,  Education,  Health  and  Human  Performance,  Human 
Environmental  Sciences,  Music  and  Nursing.  Walter  Clinton  Jackson  Library  is 
one  of  the  state's  largest  research  facilities  and  it  is  designated  as  a  depository  for 


697 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

both  federal  and  state  docunienls.  It  has  an  open-slack  collection  of  over  2.7  million 
holdings,  including  docunienls,  microtext  and  more  ihan  one  million  primed 
\olumes.  The  uni\-ersit\'  has  a  lull-time  lacully  of  947,  with  708  holding  full-time 
appointments.  Of  the  full-time  facully,  78  percent  hold  doctorates  or  terminal  degrees. 

The  university  offers  bachelors  degrees  in  100  academic  areas,  masters 
degrees  in  65  and  doctorates  m  19.  The  University's  Residential  College  and  Cornelia 
Strong  College  each  provide  innovative  academic  and  social  experiences  for  students. 
UNCGs  pre-professional  programs  offer  all  ot  the  courses  required  tor  admission 
to  dental,  law,  medical  and  veterinary  schools  and  to  transfer  to  programs  m 
engineering,  pharmac)'  and  physical  therapy.  UNCG  is  one  of  only  six  public  or 
private  institutions  m  North  Carolina  to  have  a  chapter  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  the 
nations  oldest  and  most  prestigious  scholastic  honorary  society. 

Faculty  research  and  other  creative  work  continue  to  increase  each  year  at  the 
university.  The  University  is  de\'eloping  the  Greensboro  Center  for  Innovative 
Development  as  a  joint  Millennial  Campus  with  N.C.  A&T  State  University  It  also 
IS  partnering  with  Duke  Um\'ersit\'  and  Moses  Cone  Health  System  with  the  Guilford 
Genomic  Medicine  Initiative,  a  project  designed  to  bring  the  promise  ot  genetic 
research  into  the  treatment  of  cancer  and  thrombosis.  Total  award  dollars  from 
research,  training  and  public  seiwice  grants  and  contracts  were  $31  million  in  hscal 
year  2003-2004.  The  universit)'S  faculty  members  are  engaged  in  a  wide  variety  of 
research  projects  designed  both  to  improve  the  lives  of  North  Carolmas  citizens 
and  to  advance  knowledge.  In  2000,  UNCG  received  a  contract  renewal  of  more 
than  $36  million  for  the  SouthEastern  Regional  Vision  for  Education  (SERVE),  one 
of  10  regional  educational  laboratories  in  the  country 

Chartered  m  1891,  UNCG  opened  its  doors  as  the  State  Normal  and 
Industrial  School  m  1892,  with  an  initial  student  body  of  223  and  a  15-member 
faculty  Its  campus  m  1892  consisted  of  10  acres  and  its  original  curriculum  teatured 
three  departments.  These  departments  offered  courses  in  business,  domestic  science 
and  normal  school  training  through  a  three-year  course  of  study  that  led  to  a  diploma. 
UNCG  w^as  the  hrst  state-supported  school  tor  the  education  of  women  in  North 
Carolina. 

Leading  that  crusade  for  the  education  of  women  was  Charles  Duncan 
Mclver,  who  served  as  the  institution's  first  president  from  1892-1906.  In  1906, 
following  the  death  of  Dr.  Mclver,  Dr.  Julius  1.  Foust  became  president  and  served 
until  1934,  when  he  retired  from  active  service.  In  1932  the  school  became  one  of 
the  three  institutions  which  made  up  the  Consolidated  University  of  North  Carolina. 
At  the  time,  the  institution  was  renamed  Woman's  College  of  the  Unix'ersitv  of 
North  Carolina. 

In  1934,  Dr.  Walter  Clinton  Jackson,  who  had  served  as  teacher  and  vice- 
president,  was  elected  head  of  the  institution  with  the  title  of  Dean  of  Administration. 


698 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

By  act  of  the  board  of  trustees  in  1945,  the  title  of  the  head  of  the  institution  was 
changed  to  Chancellor.  Dr.  Jackson,  who  retired  in  1950,  was  succeeded  by  Dr. 
Edward  Kidder  Graham.  After  Dr.  Grahams  resignation  in  1956,  Dr.  WW.  Pierson 
)r.  served  as  acting  chancellor  until  July  1,  1957,  when  Dr.  Gordon  W.  Blackwell 
became  chancellor.  Dr.  Pierson  returned  to  serve  agam  as  acting  chancellor  m 
September  1960,  after  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Blackwell.  Dr.  Otis  Singletary  became 
chancellor  July  1,  1961. 

In  1963,  Woman's  College  was  renamed  The  University  of  North  Carolina 
at  Greensboro  and  became  co-educational.  During  the  period  of  November  1964, 
to  February  1966,  while  Dr.  Singletary  was  on  leave  of  absence,  Dr.  James  Ferguson 
served  as  acting  chancellor.  Dr.  Singletary  returned  and  served  as  chancellor  until 
his  resignation  on  November  1,  1966.  Dr.  Ferguson  again  served  as  acting  chancellor 
and  was  appointed  chancellor  on  January  9,  1967.  Dr.  Ferguson  served  until  his 
retirement  to  return  to  teaching  in  the  summer  of  1979,  when  Dr.  William  E.  Moran 
became  chancellor.  Dr.  Patricia  A.  Sullivan  succeeded  Dr.  Moran  as  chancellor  in 
1995. 

On  campus,  UNCG  is  a  centerpiece  for  the  hne  and  performing  arts  in  the 
Piedmont  Triad.  More  than  300  events,  concerts  and  exhibitions  are  available 
annually  through  the  Weatherspoon  Art  Museum,  the  School  of  Music,  the  University 
ConcertA-ecture  Series,  the  departments  of  Art,  Dance  and  Theatre  and  the  graduate 
program  m  creative  writing.  In  addition,  about  150  student  organizations,  eight 
fraternities  and  eight  sororities  have  chapters  in  operation  at  the  university. 


699 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Dr.  Patricia  A.  Sullivan 

Chancellor 
UlSC-Greensboro 

Early  Year^ 

Born  m  Siaicn  Island,  New  York,  on  November  22, 
1939,  10  John  M.  and  Antoinette  M.  Nagengast. 

EducationalBacligtxjund 

Notre  Dame  College;  B.A.,  St.  Johns  University,  1961; 
M.S.,  New  York  University,  1964;  Ph.D.,  New  York 
UniN'ersity,  1967. 

Pix)fessionalBackgmutid 

Chancellor,  University  of  North  Carolina  at 
Greensboro,  199 5 -Present;  Vice-President  for  Academic  Affairs,  Texas  Women's 
University,  1987-94;  Interim  President,  Texas  Women's  University,  1993-94;  Dean 
of  the  College,  Salem  College,  1981-87;  Associate  Professe^r  of  Biology  and  Director 
of  the  Biology  Honors  Program,  Texas  Women's  University,  1979-81;  Associate 
Professor  of  Biology,  Wells  College,  1975-80;  Visiting  Fellow,  Cornell  University 
Program  on  Science,  Technology  and  Society,  1976;  Assistant  Professor  of  Biology 
Wells  College,  1970-75;  Post-Doctoral  Fellow,  National  Institutes  of  Health,  1968- 
70;  Assistant  Professor  of  Biology,  Wagner  College,  1967-68. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Citizens  for  Business  and  Industry  (Member,  Board  of  Directors,  former 
executive  committee  member);  Chair,  2002  Greater  Greensboro  United  Way 
Campaign;  National  Conference  for  Community  &  Justice  (Board  of  Directors, 
Greensboro  Chapter). 

Elected  and  Appointed  Boaixis  and  Commissions 

American  Council  on  Education,  Commission  on  Women  in  Higher  Education; 
American  Association  of  State  Colleges  &  Universities;  Southern  Association  of 
Colleges  and  Schools. 

Honors  and  Awards 

2003,  Women  in  Business  Award,  sponsored  by  The  Business  Journal;  2003, 
induction.  Business  Leaders  Hall  of  Fame,  by  Central  Piedmont  of  North  Carolina 
Junior  Achievement;  1999  Honorary  Doctor  of  Pedagogy,  St.  John's  University. 

Personal  Information  j 

Married,  Charles  W  Sullivan,  Member,  St.  Paul  the  Apostle  Roman  Catholic  Church,  i 
Greensboro.  \ 


700 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Pembroke 

The  University  of  North  CaroUna  at  Pembroke  was  founded  in  1887  to  educate 
Native  Americans  of  Robeson  County.  It  is  one  of  the  oldest  pubUc  universities  in 
the  state.  Until  1953,  UNC-Pembroke  vv^as  the  only  state-supported,  four-year  college 
for  Native  Americans  in  the  nation.  Today,  UNCP  is  a  Comprehensive  I  university 
offering  40  undergraduate  programs,  47  minors  and  16  graduate  programs.  Although 
UNCP  has  a  diverse  student  body  drawn  from  across  the  nation  and  from  several 
foreign  countries,  the  majority  of  students  are  from  the  immediate  ten-county  region. 
The  university  occupies  133  acres  in  the  town  of  Pembroke  (population 
approximately  3,000),  located  m  rural  southeastern  North  Carolina,  ten  miles  west 
of  Lumberton. 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Pembroke  began  as  a  normal  school 
established  by  the  General  Assembly  on  March  7,  1887.  The  state  appropriated 
$500  for  teaching  instruction,  but  left  the  Robeson  County  Indians  to  finance  the 
purchase  of  land  and  construction  of  buildings.  The  Rev.  WL.  Moore,  an  outstanding 
leader  of  great  determination,  spearheaded  the  efforts  to  raise  money  for  the  new 
institution.  He  is  regarded  as  the  "Founder,  Erector,  Teacher"  of  the  early  normal 
school. 

The  Croatan  Normal  School  enrolled  15  students  m  the  fall  of  1887.  The  General 

'  Assembly  renamed  the  school  the  Indian  Normal  School  of  Robeson  County,  then 

;  changed  it  again  to  the  Cherokee  Indian  Normal  School  of  Robeson  County.  This 

name  remained  until  1941,  when  it  was  changed  to  Pembroke  State  College  for 

I  Indians.  Eight  years  later,  it  was  shortened  to  Pembroke  State  College. 

In  1951,  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools  granted  full 
accreditation  to  the  school  as  a  four-year  liberal  arts  college.  A  steady  increase  in 
enrollment  prompted  an  expansion  of  academic  programs  and  facilities.  In  1969, 
the  General  Assembly  granted  regional  university  status  and  the  institutions  name 
changed  to  Pembroke  State  University.  Three  years  later,  the  university  became  a 
constituent  member  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  system,  joining  15  other 
campuses  in  the  system.  Effective  July  1,  1996,  the  institution's  name  was  changed 
to  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Pembroke. 

UNC-Pembroke's  growth  as  a  university  has  been  especially  progressive  in  the 
last  two  decades.  Masters  in  Education  programs  were  implemented  in  1978  and 
now  include  degree  programs  in  Educational  Administration,  Elementary  Education, 
Middle  Grades  Education  and  Reading  Education.  In  addition,  there  are  masters 
level  education  programs  in  Art,  English,  Mathematics,  Music,  Physical  Education, 
Science  and  Social  Studies.  Other  masters  programs  include  School  Counseling, 
Service  Agency  Counseling,  Business  Administration  (MBA)  and  Public 
Administration  (MPA). 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

UNCP  is  accrediicd  by  a  variety  ol  slate  and  national  accrediting  bodies  and 
Icainres  40  undergradtiale  degree  programs  and  47  minors  through  a  College  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  a  School  ol  Business  and  a  School  of  Education.  Newest  additions 
to  the  institution's  baccalaureate  degree  offerings  are  a  Bachelor  of  Science  m 
Environmental  Studies,  and  a  Bachelor  ol  Arts  in  Spanish. 

UNCP  offers  a  Bachelor  of  Arts  m  American  Indian  Studies,  one  of  only  two 
such  degree  programs  offered  east  of  the  Mississippi  River.  The  university  has  an 
outstanding  collection  of  American  Indian  art  and  artifacts  m  its  Native  American 
Resource  Center,  which  draws  thousands  oi  visitors  each  year  from  across  the  U.S. 
and  abroad. 

UNC-Pembroke  has  participated  m  the  N.C.  Teaching  Eellows  Program  since 
1QQ4.  The  program  has  been  hailed  as  the  nations  top  teacher  recruitment  program 
and  is  designed  to  attract  todays  brightest  students  and  prepare  them  tor  their  role 
as  tomorrows  teachers. 

The  state-of-the-art  Givens  Performing  Arts  Center  is  the  cultural  center  of  the 
region,  featuring  Broadway  shows  like  Fiddler  on  the  Rooj,  A  Chorus  Line,  Mv  Fair 
Ladv  and  Brigadoon,  among  others. 

UNCP's  Regional  Center  lor  Economic,  Communitv  and  Professional 
Development  provides  a  variety  of  sendees  including  research,  planning,  assessment, 
consulting,  conference  design  and  customized  training.  The  center  also  offers  an 
array  of  programs  m  community  health,  rural  education,  small  business  consulting, 
public  salety  and  management  development.  The  center  has  recently  occupied  a 
new  tacilitv  at  COMtecli  (Carolina  Commerce  and  Technolog\'  Center),  the  home 
of  technolog)'-locused  business,  industry,  education,  training  and  business 
incubation  facilities. 

WNCP-TV,  UNC-Pembrokes  modern  television  facility,  enables  the  university 
to  distribute  weekly  programming  to  a  potential  audience  of  2.5  million  North 
Carolinians.  The  station  is  broadcast  through  cable  systems  m  Eayetteville,  Charlotte, 
Lumberton,  Wilmington  and  other  cities.  WNCP-TV  students  also  produce  a  weekly 
sports  show  that  airs  Eriday  nights  on  WKFT-TV,  Channel  40,  in  Eayetteville. 

UNC-Pembroke  is  a  member  of  the  NCAA  Division  II  Peach  Belt  Conference. 
The  conference,  composed  of  pubfic  colleges  and  universities  in  North  Carolina, 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  has  enabled  UNCP  to  compete  athletically  with 
institutions  similar  in  size  and  mission  and  provides  a  high  level  of  competition. 

The  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Pembroke  is  committed  to  academic  ,  . 
excellence  in  a  balanced  program  of  teaching,  research  and  service.  The  university's    ! 
faculty  and  administration  believe  that  commitment  to  education  as  a  lifelong 
experience  compels  UNCP  to  enhance  and  enrich  the  intellectual,  economic,  social, 
cultural  and  political  life  of  the  region  it  serves.  B\'  activeiy  pursuing  these  goals,  : 

UNCP,  by  example,  fulfills  another  aspect  of  its  mission  —  to  instill  in  students  a 

j 

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UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 


continuing  appreciation  for  diverse  cultures  and  an  active  concern  for  the  well- 
being  of  others. 

Dr.  Allen  C.Meadors 

Chancellor 
UlSC-Pemhroke 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Van  Buren,  Arkansas. 

EducationalBackground 

B.A.  ni  Business  Administration,  University  of 
Central  Arkansas;  M.B.A.;  Ph.D.  in  Administration 
and  Education,  Southern  Illinois  University;  A.B. 
in  Computer  Sciences,  Saddleback  College. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Chancellor,  University  of  North  Carolina  at 

Pembroke,    1999-Present;    CEO    and    Dean, 

Pennsylvania  State  University  at  Altoona,  1993- 

1999;  Dean  and  Professor,  College  of  Health,  Social 

and  Public  Services,  Eastern  Washington  University,  1990-93;  Chair  and  Professor, 

Department  of  Health  Administration,  and  Dean,  College  of  Public  Health,  University 

of  Oklahoma,  1989-90. 

Military  Service 

Health  Administrator,  Medical  Service  Corps,  United  States  Air  Force,  1969-73. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Certified  Fellow,  American  College  of  Healthcare  Executives. 

Personallnformation 

Married  to  Barbara  Meadors.  Two  children. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

University  of  North  Carolina  at  Wilmington 

The  650-acrc  arborcliini  campus  ol  ihe  University  ol  North  Carohna  at 
W'ihningion  (UNCW)  offers  an  oasis  of  green  amidst  the  commercial  bustle  of 
South  College  Road  and  the  warm  brick  Georgian  architecture  of  the  campus 
buildings  provides  a  suitable  atmosphere  tor  learning. 

UNCW,  among  the  fastest-growing  universities  m  the  16-campus  UNC  system, 
prides  itsell  on  its  undergraduate  education,  a  marine  biology  curriculum  that  ranks 
fifth  in  the  nation,  a  commitment  to  increased  internationalism  and  environmental 
education  and  its  mission  to  pro\-ide  community  outreach  to  the  region  it  senses. 

Organized  into  the  College  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Cameron  School  of  Business 
Administration,  the  Watson  School  of  Education,  the  School  of  Nursing  and  the 
Graduate  School,  the  university  offers  70  undergraduate  and  25  post-graduate  degree 
programs  to  its  student  body  ol  more  than  10,600. 

Degree  programs  include:  Accountancy,  Anthropology,  Art  History,  Athletic 
Training,  Biology,  Business  Administration,  Business  Systems  and  Marketing, 
Chemistry,  Clinical  Laboratory  Science,  Communication  Studies,  Computer  Science, 
Criminal  Justice,  Economics,  Education,  Education  ol  Young  Children,  Elementary 
Education,  English,  Environmental  Studies,  Finance,  French,  Geography,  Geology, 
History,  Marine  Biology,  Mathematics,  Middle  Grades  Education,  Music,  Music 
Perlormance,  Nursing,  Parks  &  Recreation  Management,  Philosoph)'  and  Religion, 
Physical  Education  and  Health,  Physics,  Political  Science,  Psychology,  School 
Administration,  Social  Work,  Sociology,  Spanish,  Special  Education,  Studio  Art, 
Teaching  and  Theater,  Therapeutic  Recreation. 

Graduate  degree  programs  include:  Accountancy,  Biology,  Business 
Administration,  Chemistry,  Creative  Writing,  Critical  Literacy,  Curriculum/Instruction 
Supervision,  English,  Family  Nurse  Practitioner,  Geology,  History,  Liberal  Studies, 
Marine  Biology,  Marine  Sciences,  Mathematics,  Middle  Grades  Education, 
Psychology,  School  Administration,  Special  Education. 

The  university,  founded  m  1947  as  Wilmington  College,  hrst  moved  to  the 
College  Road  site  in  1961  and  occupied  three  buildings,  ft  became  the  Lhiiversily 
of  North  Carolina  at  Wilmington  m  1969.  The  campus  now  has  75  buildings  on  a 
650-acre  tract.  In  live  residence  halls,  13  apartment  buildings  and  sex'cn  suites, 
more  than  2,000  students  live  on  campus.  A  University  Union  and  Warwick  Center 
provide  for  the  needs  of  resident  and  commuting  students  and  are  used  occasionatfy 
by  the  general  public  as  well. 

Three  of  the  universitys  facilities  are  available  for  use  by  the  general  public:  the 
1,000-seat  Kenan  Auditorium,  the  6,000-seat  Trask  Coliseum  and  Randall  Library 
(a  regional  Federal  Document  Repositoiy).  Kenan  Auditorium  is  used  for  concerts,  ii 


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UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES 


CHAPTER    SEVEN 


iheater  productions,  lectures  and  public  meetings.  Trask  Coliseum  is  used  for 
exhibitions  and  larger  shows,  as  well  as  athletic  events. 

For  additional  information,  contact  UNCW,  601  South  College  Road 
Wilmington,  NC  28403,  call  (910)  962-3000  or  visit  the  university's  web  site  at 
www.  uncwil.edu. 

Dr.JamesR.Leutze 

!  Chancellor 

\  UNC  Wilmington 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Charleston,  South  CaroHna,  December  24, 
1 935,  to  Willard  Parker  and  Magdalene  Mae  Leutze. 

EducationalBackground 

W'lcomco  High  School,  Salisbury,  Maryland,  1953; 
B.A.,  University  of  Maryland,  1957;  M.A., 
University  of  Miami,  1959;  Georgetown  University, 
1963;  Ph.D.,  Duke  University  1968. 

ProfessionalBackground 

\  Chancellor,  University  of  North  Carolina  at 

Wilmington;  Creator,  producer  and  host  of  Globe 
WVatch,  N.C.  Center  for  Public  TV,   1983-97; 

Professor  of  History  UNCW,  1990-Present. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

I  Board  of  Directors,  Kenan  Institute-Asia,  1997-Present;  Board  of  Directors,  Daniel 
■  D.  and  Elizabeth  H.  Cameron  Foundation,  1996-Present;  Board  of  Directors,  Donald 
I  R.  Watson  Foundation,  1994-Present. 

Elected  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  N.C.  Rural  Internet  Access  Commission,  2000-Present;  Board  of  Directors, 
N.C.  Progress  Board,  2000-Present;  Member,  Commission  on  Smart  Growth,  2000- 
Present. 

Military  Service 

Captain,  Commander  Headquarters,  U.S.  Air  Force,  1960-63. 

Awards  and  Honors 

Cyber  Warrior  Pioneer  for  Distance  Learning  Experimentation;  J.W  Pate  Award  for 
Environmental  Advocacy,  Cape  Fear  River  Assembly;  1971  Standard  Oil  Award  for 
Teaching,  UNC. 

Personal  In fi)rmation 

•  Married,  Margaret  Gates. 


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Western  Carolina  University 

Western  Carolina  University  began  modestly  m  1889  as  a  small  mountain  school 
housed  in  an  unpainted  frame  structure,  with  only  a  few  benches  and  a  blackboard. 
Today  the  university  of  more  than  8,200  students  finds  itself  at  the  national  forefront 
in  the  use  of  computer  technology  in  teaching  and  learning,  but  Western  still  retains 
its  tradition  of  close  personal  ties  that  began  with  the  institutions  founding. 

The  administration  of  W^CUs  current  chancellor,  John  W.  Bardo,  who  took 
office  in  1995,  has  been  marked  by  rapid  innovations  in  teaching  and  learning  as 
the  university  has  been  swept  along  m  the  great  tide  ol  technological  advances  that 
produced  the  Internet  and  hand-held  computers. 

Continuing  an  effort  begun  under  the  leadership  of  the  previous  chancellor, 
Myron  L.  Coulter,  the  university  completed  a  massive  project  to  make  Western  the 
first  fully  "wired"  campus  m  The  University  of  North  Carolina  system.  In  iall  of 
1998,  WCU  became  the  hrst  public  university  m  North  Carolina,  and  one  of  the 
hrst  12  public  universities  nationwide,  to  require  students  to  report  to  campus 
with  networkable  computers.  Computer  ports  m  residence  hall  rooms  allow  the 
students  of  the  21st  Century  to  access  information  from  around  the  world,  and  to 
connect  to  the  universitys  computer  network  and  library  from  their  rooms. 

Western  has  received  considerable  national  attention  for  its  outcomes-based 
computer  requirement,  implemented  with  definite  educational  objectives  about  how 
students  are  expected  to  use  the  computers.  The  campus  has  been  rated  one  oi  the 
nations  "most  wired"  by  a  leading  Internet  magazine  two  years  in  a  row. 

In  the  midst  of  all  this  high  tech,  the  Western  community  is  still  one  that  prides 
itself  on  the  personal  touch.  With  a  iaculty-to-student  ratio  of  l-to-15,  professors 
take  the  time  to  get  to  know  their  students  by  name. 

Early  m  his  administration.  Chancellor  Bardo  set  an  institutional  goal  of  "raising 

the  bar"  of  academic  standards  at  Western  Carolina,  an  effort  that  led  to  a  dramatic 

increase  in  the  average  Scholastic  Assessment  Test  scores  of  incoming  ireshmen. 

Standing  at  the  forefront  of  WCU'  s  efforts  to  raise  academic  standards  is  the  Honors 

College.  The  university's  honors  program  was  elevated  to  college  status  m  1997, 

and  since  then  its  enrollment  has  soared  from  75  students  to  more  than  900  students 

today.  The  Honors  College  is  playing  a  prominent  role,  also,  as  Western  attracts    I 

increasing  numbers  of  the  best  and  brightest  students  from  Western  North  Carolina. 

i 
Under  Chancellor  Bardos  leadership.  Western  was  designated  a  National  N4erit 

sponsoring  university  in  April,  2000,  at  that  time  one  of  just  four  institutions  of 

higher  education  in  the  state,  public  or  private,  to  receive  that  distinction. 

WCUs  emphasis  on  involving  undergraduate  students  in  research  is  drawing 
national  attention.  In  recent  years,  the  university  has  repeatedly  ranked  in  the  top 


706 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES 


CHAPTER    SEVEN 


20  in  the  nation  in  the  number  of  papers  aecepted  for  presentation  at  the  National 
Conference  on  Undergraduate  Research. 

With  voters'  approval  of  a  statewide  higher  education  bond  package  in  fall 
2000,  Western  was  launched  into  a  building  boom  of  a  magnitude  never  before 
seen  on  the  campus.  The  university's  share  of  the  bonds  — $98.4  million  — 
represents  the  single  largest  infusion  of  funds  in  the  institution'  s  history  .Those 
dollars,  combined  with  federal  funds  and  other  funds  provided  through  self- 
liquidating  projects,  are  driving  a  $130  million  construction  boom  that  promises 
to  redraw  the  campus  map  over  the  coming  decade  as  Western  prepares  for  projected 
enrollment  growth.  Cornerstone  projects  include  a  fine  and  performing  arts  center, 
a  high-tech  workforce  leadership  development  center,  an  addition  to  the  A.K.  Hinds 
University  Center,  a  new  residence  hall,  and  new  and  improved  athletics  facilities. 

The  institution  that  began  as  a  little  one-room  school  in  the  Cullowhee  Valley 
has  come  a  long  way.  Western  Carolina  now  offers  more  than  120  undergraduate 
majors  and  areas  of  concentration,  and  graduate  degrees  in  more  than  50  areas  of 
study,  including  the  doctor  of  education  degree. 


Dr.  John  William  Bardo 

Chancellor 

Western  Carolina  University 

Early  Years 

Bom  m  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  October  28,  1948,  to 
John  Thomas  and  Grace  Roberta  Day  Bardo. 

EducationalBackground 

Visiting  Scholar,  University  of  Southampton,  England, 
1968-69;  B.A.,  University  of  Cincinnati,  1970;  M.A., 
Ohio  University,  1971;  Ph.D.,  the  Ohio  State 
University,  1973;  Institute  for  Educational 
Management,  Harvard  University,  1987. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Chancellor,  Western  Carolina  University,  1995- 
Present;  Provost  and  Vice-President  for  Academic  Affairs,  Bridgewater  State  College, 
1993-95;  Vice-President  for  Academic  Affairs,  Bridgewater  State  College,  1990-93; 
Assistant  to  the  President  for  Planning  and  Evaluation,  University  of  North  Florida, 
1989-90;  Provost  and  Vice-President  for  Academic  Affairs,  University  of  North 
Florida,  1986-89;  Dean,  School  of  Liberal  Arts,  Southwest  Texas  State  University, 
1983-86;  Chair,  Department  of  Sociology  and  Social  Work,  Wichita  State  University, 
1978-83;  Professor,  Lecturer,  Research  Assistant,  1971-83. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Business/Ptxyfessionaly  Cliaritable/Civic  or  Comtnunity  SeTT>ice  Organizations 

Council  ol  Presidents  and  Economic  Developmeni  Commiit.ee,  American  Associaiion 
ot  Stale  Colleges  and  Universities. 

ElectedorAppointedBoarxlsand  Commissions 

Advisory  Board  Member,  NC  Board  of  Science  &  Technology;  Board  ol  Trustees, 
N.C.  Arboretum;  Board  of  Directors,  MCNC. 

Honors  andAwanls 

Fulbright  Senior  Scholar  Award  to  Australia;  Phi  Kappa  Plii;  Kansas  Committee  for 
the  Humanities,  Outstanding  Humanities  Project  on  Urban  Issues. 

Peisonallnformation 

Married,  Deborah  Davis  Bardo.  One  child. 


708 


UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 

Winston-Salem  State  University 

Winston-Salem  State  University  was  founded  as  the  Slater  Industrial  Academy 
on  September  28,  1892.  It  began  in  a  one-room  frame  structure  with  25  pupils  and 
one  teacher.  In  1895,  the  school  was  recognized  by  the  State  of  North  Carolina, 
and,  in  1897,  it  was  chartered  by  the  state  as  the  Slater  Industrial  and  State  Normal 
School. 

In  1925,  the  General  Assembly  of  North  Carolma  extended  the  schools 
curriculum  above  the  high  school  level  and  changed  its  name  to  Winston-Salem 
Teachers  College,  at  the  same  time  empowering  it,  under  authority  of  the  N.C. 
Board  of  Education,  to  confer  appropriate  degrees.  Winston-Salem  Teachers  College 
thus  became  the  first  Negro  institution  in  the  nation  to  grant  degrees  for  teaching 
the  elementary  grades. 

The  Nursing  School  was  established  in  1953,  awarding  graduates  the  degree  of 
bachelor  of  science.  The  General  Assembly  changed  the  institutions  name  again  in 
1969  to  Winston-Salem  State  University.  On  October  30,  1971,  the  General 
Assembly  reorganized  higher  education  in  North  Carolina,  and  on  July  I,  1972, 
Winston-Salem  State  University  became  one  of  16  constituent  institutions  of  the 
University  of  North  Carolina.  In  the  fall  of  1997,  WSSU  was  named  a  John 
Templeton  Foundation  Honor  Roll  Character-Building  College,  a  designation  that 
recognizes  colleges  and  universities  which  emphasize  character-building  as  an  integral 
part  of  the  college  experience. 

Winston-Salem  State  University  currently  enrolls  approximately  2,900  and  offers 
bachelors  degrees  in  28  majors.  Residential  faciUties  at  the  university  consist  of 
four  residence  halls  (one  for  men,  two  for  women  and  one  co-educational).  WSSU's 
newest  residence  faciUty,  Haywood  L.  Wilson,  Jr.,  Hall,  a  400-student  co-educational 
residence,  opened  in  1993  at  a  cost  of  $6.3  million.  The  97,000  square-foot  facility 
contains  92  suites  and  eight  apartments. 

Winston-Salem  State  University  is  located  on  nearly  100  acres  m  Winston- 
Salem,  a  city  of  172,000.  The  city  is  a  part  of  North  Carolina's  Triad  region,  which 
encompasses  the  near-by  cities  of  Greensboro  and  High  Point.  The  Cleon  F. 
Thompson,  Jr.,  Student  Services  Center  is  the  university's  newest  facility.  The  multi- 
use  center  houses  admissions,  financial  aid,  the  Office  of  the  Registrar  and  several 
other  operations  that  serve  the  university's  student  body.  The  Diggs  Gallery,  with 
more  than  6,500  square-feet,  is  the  university's  cultural  center.  The  gallery  offers 
more  than  15  visual  art  exhibitions  a  year  and  one  of  the  more  highly-regarded 
college  or  university-based  galleries  in  the  nation. 


709 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Dr.  Harold  L  Martin,  Sr. 

Chancellor 

Winston-Salem  State  University 

Early  Yeai^ 

Native  of  Wmston-Salcm. 

EducationalBad^Xiuiid 

B.S.  Ill  Electrical  Engineering,  North  Carolina 
Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University;  M.S. 
in  Electrical  Engineering,  North  Carolina 
Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University;  Ph.D. 
m  Computer  Architecture,  Virginia  Polytechnic 
Institute  and  State  University. 

Pix)fessionalBacligix)und 

Chancellor,  Wmston-Salem  State  University, 

2000-Present;  Professor,  Department  of  Electrical  Engineering,  North  Carolina 
Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University  1980-89;  Chair,  Department  of  Electrical 
Engineering,  North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University,  1985-89; 
Dean,  College  of  Engineering,  North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Technical  Stale 
University,  1989-94  (Adjunct  Eaculty  Member,  Department  of  Electrical  and 
Computer  Engineering,  North  Carolina  State  University);  \Tce-Chancellor  tor 
Academic  Affairs,  North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University  1994- 
2000. 

Business/Pixtfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Administration  (Member  of  Advisor}'  Committees); 
Institute  of  Electrical  and  Electronic  Engineers;  IEEE  Computer  Society 

Elected  or  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Chair,  Board  of  Directors,  Southern  Consortium  for  Minorities  m  Engineering;  North 
Carolina  Board  of  Science  and  Technology;  North  Carolina  Biotechnology  Center 
Advisory  Board. 

Honoi^  andAwards 

Alumnus  of  the  Year,  North  Carolina  Agricultural  and  Technical  State  University 

Personal  InfiDnnation 

Married,  Da\'ida  Martin.  Two  children. 


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UNC    SYSTEM    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITIES  CHAPTER    SEVEN 


711 


N.  C.  Community  College  System 

The  N.C.  Community  College  System  includes  58  two-year,  publicly-supported 
colleges  that  serve  as  the  states  primary  providers  of  technical  and  vocational  training 
beyond  high  school.  The  system  also  includes  the  N.C.  Center  for  Applied  Textile 
Technology.  In  addition  to  their  primary  mission  of  workforce  and  economic 
development,  North  Carolina's  community  colleges  provide  a  variety  of  other 
educational  opportunities.  They  teach  new  immigrants  English,  help  adults  overcome 
illiteracy  offer  adults  an  opportunity  to  obtain  a  high  school  diploma  and  provide 
the  first  two  years  of  a  four-year  baccalaureate  degree.  All  100  counties  have  access 
to  one  or  more  of  the  58  community  colleges.  Campuses  are  located  within  30 
miles  of  virtually  all  North  Carolinians.  In  2002-2003,  more  than  800,000  adults 
took  one  or  more  courses  at  a  North  Carolina  community  college. 

The  N.C.  Community  College  System  offers  a  wide  range  of  technical,  vocational 
and  academic  programs  leading  to  a  certificate,  diploma  or  associate  degree.  Program 
offerings  vary  from  college  to  college,  depending  on  the  needs  of  the  surrounding 
community.  Most  of  the  more  than  1,800  programs  offered  within  the  community 
college  system  are  designed  to  prepare  individuals  for  entry-level  technical  positions 
in  business  and  industry  with  an  Associate  of  Applied  Science  degree.  College- 
transfer  programs  are  now  available  at  every  North  Carolina  community  college. 
Depending  upon  the  college,  students  may  pursue  Associate  in  Arts,  Associate  in 
Science  or  Associate  in  Fine  Arts  degrees.  The  system  has  a  Comprehensive 
Articulation  Agreement  with  the  University  of  North  Carolina  system  designed  to 
improve  the  transfer  process  between  institutions.  A  number  of  private  colleges 
and  universities  have  signed  similar  agreements  with  community  colleges. 

All  of  the  institutions  of  the  North  Carolina  Community  College  System  offer 
occupational  extension  classes  —  short-term  courses  designed  to  upgrade  employee 
skills.  Most  of  these  courses  are  customized  to  the  particular  needs  of  individual 
companies.  The  New  and  Expanding  Industries  Program  is  a  particularly  important 
part  of  the  customized  training  effort.  Available  free  to  employers  who  create  at  least 
12  new  jobs  in  the  state,  the  program  has  trained  more  than  300,000  employees 
for  more  than  3,000  employers  since  1963.  Focused  Industrial  Training  (FIT) 
Programs  meet  the  training  needs  of  established  businesses.  Since  1981  FIT  has 
trained  more  than  70,000  employees  in  7,000  workplaces.  The  N.C.  Community 
College  System  also  operates  a  Small  Business  Center  Network  through  the  58 
campuses.  The  SBCs  offer  a  range  of  free  services  and  classes  to  small  business 
owners  and  managers,  many  of  them  free  or  at  a  very  low  cost. 


r:OLLEGE  SYSTEM 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Suppofi  o'i  cconiMiiic  growih  and  prosperity  ihrough  education  was  the 
underlying  concept  that  guided  the  development  of  the  community  college  system. 
The  systems  mission  is  defined  in  the  N.C.  General  Statutes  (115D): 

The  /)ic//()/'  jmrposc  oj  each  and  cvcrv  insiUuiion  operating  under  the 
provisuvis  oj  lh}s  Chtipie)  shall  he  and  shall  eonlinue  to  he  the  ojjering  oj 
voeational  and  le^hniad  education  and  training,  and  oj  basic,  high  school  level 
academii  education  needed  in  order  to  projit  jroin  vocational  and  technical 
education,  for  students  who  are  high  school  graduates  or  who  are  hevond  the 
coinpulsorv  age  limit  oj  the  public  school  system  and  who  have  lejt  the  public 
schools. 

From  1963-79,  the  community  college  system  was  under  the  pur\iew  of  the 
N.C.  Board  of  Education,  In  1979,  the  General  Assembly  created  the  State  Board  of 
Community  Colleges,  which  assumeci  full  responsibility  in  1981. 

The  state  boards  primary  function  is  to  adopt  and  execute  policies,  regulations 
and  standards  it  deems  necessary  for  the  establishment,  administration  and  operation 
of  communit)'  colleges.  The  State  Board  of  Community  Colleges  has  21  members. 
The  governor  appoints  ten  members  and  the  N.C.  House  and  Senate  elect  four 
each.  The  lieutenant  governor  and  the  state  treasurer  are  voting  ex-ofhcio  members 
of  the  board.  The  president  of  the  North  Carolina  Comprehensive  Community 
College  Student  Government  Association  serves  as  a  non-voting  ex-ofticio  member. 

The  president  of  the  N.C.  Community  College  System  and  its  stall  prox'ide 
state-level  administration,  direction  and  leadership  under  the  jurisdiction  ot  the 
board.  Working  with  the  state  board,  the  system  staff  distributes  state  funds  and 
provides  ftscal  accountability,  approves  education  programs  and  carries  out  the 
policies  and  procedures  established  by  the  state  board  and  the  General  Assembly. 
The  system  office  also  pro\'ides  statewide  ser\'ices  for  the  benefit  of  the  community 
colleges  and  the  public  that  individual  colleges  would  have  trouble  initiating  or 
lundmg  on  their  own. 

Each  community  college  is  governed  by  a  local  board  of  trustees  and  managed 
by  a  president.  Local  boards  are  composed  ol  men  and  women  appointed  irom  the 
service  areas  of  the  colleges.  The  governor,  county  commissions  and  local  boards 
ol  education  appoint  members.  Each  local  board  also  has  a  student  member  — 
usually  the  president  ol  the  colleges  student  government  association  —  serve  as  a 
non-votmg,  ex-officio  member. 

Community  colleges  ser\'e  a  broad  spectrum  ol  people  whose  needs,  skills  and 
interests  vary.  Thus,  each  college  provides  a  unic[ue  mixture  ot  educational  and 
training  programs  specifically  attuned  to  the  local  economy.  For  more  information 
about  North  Carolinas  Community  College  System,  call  the  system  oitice  at  (919) 
807-7100  or  visit  the  systems  Web  site  at  www.ncccs.cc.nc.us. 


714 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 


H.  Martin  Lancaster 

President,  North  Carolina 
Community  College  System 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Wayne  County  on  March  24,  1943,  to 
Harold  W  and  Eva  Pate  Lancaster. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Pikeville  High  School,  PikeviUe,  1961;  A.B., 
University  of  North  Carolina-Chapel  Hill,  1965; 
Graduate,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1967. 

ProfessionalBackground 

President,  North  Carolina  Community  College 

System,  1997-Present;  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 

Army  for  Civil  Works,  1996-97;  Special  Advisor  to  the  President  on  Chemical 

Weapons,  1995-96;  Special  Assistant  to  Gov  James  B.  Hunt,  Jr.,  1995;  Member, 

U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1987-95;  Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives, 

1979-86;  Partner,  Law  Firm  of  Baddour,  Lancaster,  Parker  and  Hme,  1970-86. 

Organizations 

Lecturer,  George  C.  Marshall  Center,  Garmisch,  German,  1995-Present;  Masonic 
Lodge,  York  Rite  and  Scottish  Rite  (Knight  Commander,  Court  of  Honor;  33-Degree); 
Shriner;  Chair,  U.S.  Section,  Permanent  International  Association  of  Navigation 
Congresses,  1996-97;  Chair,  U.S.  Delegation  to  Mississippi-Rhine  Exchange,  1996. 

Boards  and  Commissions 

N.C.  Education  Cabinet;  North  Carolina  Economic  Development  Commission, 
1997-Present;  N.C.  School  Improvement  Panel,  1997-Present;  Governors  Workforce 
Preparedness  Commission,  1997-Present;  Working  Group  Chair  for  Education 
Issues,  Rural  Prosperity  Task  Eorce,  1999-2000. 

Military  Service 

VTU,  Washington,  D.C.,  1987-93  (Captain,  Retired);  Naval  Reserves,  VTU  (LAW) 
0708,  Raleigh,  1983-86;  Air  Eorce  Reserves,  Seymour  Johnson  Air  Force  Base, 
Goldsboro,  1970-83;  Assistant  Staff  Judge  Advocate,  Washington  Naval  District, 
,  1970;  Staff  Judge  Advocate,  USS  Hancock  (CVA-19),  1968-70;  Assistant  Staff  Judge 
Advocate,  Twelfth  Naval  District,  1968. 

Honors  andAwards 

1987  4-H  National  Alumnus  of  the  Year  Award;  1986  4-H  North  Carolina  Alumnus 
of  the  Year  Award;  1989  and  1994  National  Security  Leadership  Award;  1993 
Freedom  Award,  N.C.  Wing,  Civil  Air  Patrol;  1992  Distinguished  Service  Award, 
American  Logistics  Association. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Personalln/bnnation 

Married  Alice  Maiheny  of  Forest  City  on  May  31,  1975.  Two  children.  Member, 
White  Memorial  Presbyterian  Church,  Raleigh. 

N.C.  Community  College  System 

Ptesideitt's  Office 

H.  Martin  Lancaster 
President 

Pia  McKenzie 

Special  Assistant  to  the  President 

Dr.  Tom  Brewer 

Executive  Assistant  to  the  President 

Fred  G.  Williams 

Executive  Vice-President  and  Chief  Operating  Officer 

Dr.  Delores  Parker 

Vice-President  for  Academic  and  Student  Seivices 

Ken  Whitehurst 

Associate  Vice-President  tor  Academic  and  Student  Senaces 

Dr.  Larrv  Keen 

Vice-President  tor  Economic  and  Workforce  Development 

Charles  B.  Barham 

Associate  Vice-President  for  Economic  and  Workforce  Development 

Kennon  D.  Briggs 

Vice-President  for  Business  and  Finance 

Dr.  Saundra  Williams 
Vice-President  for  Administration 

Robert  R.  Blackmun 

Associate  Vice-President  for  Information  Services  and  Technologv 

Keith  Brown 

Associate  Vice-President  for  Planning  and  Research 

Rosalyn  Comfort 
Director  of  Personnel 

Suzanne  E.  Williams 

Assistant  to  the  President  for  Governmental  Relations 

Chancy  M.  Kapp 

Assistant  to  the  President  for  Svstem  Affairs 


716 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 


President's  Office  (continued) 

Audrey  K.  Bailey 

Assistant  to  the  President  for   Public  Information 

Dr.  Tim  Brewer 

Assistant  to  the  President  for  Board  and  Education  Liaison 

David  Sullivan 
General  Counsel 


Community  and  Technical 

Dr.  Martin  Nadelman 
Kenneth  Ray  Bailey 
Dr.  David  McLawhorn 
Dr.  Darrell  Page 

Dr.  David  W  Sink 
Dr.  W  Michael  Reaves 
Dr.  Kenneth  A.  Boham 
Dr.  Eric  B.  McKeithan 

Dr.  Joseph  T.  Barwick 
Dr.  Cuyler  Dunbar 
Dr.  Matthew  S.  Garrett 
Dr.  Paul  Anthony  Zeiss 

Dr.  L.  Steve  Thornburg 
Dr.  Ronald  K.  Lingle 
Lynne  M.  Bunch 
Dr.  Scott  Ralls 

Dr.  Mary  E.  Rittling 
Dr.  Phail  Wynn,  Jr. 
Dr.  Hartwell  H.  Fuller,  Jr. 
Dr.  Larry  B.  Norris 

Dr.  Gary  Green 
Dr.  Patricia  A.  Skinner 
Dr.  Donald  W.  Cameron 
Dr.  Theodore  Gasper,  Jr. 

Dr.  Nathan  Hodges 
Dr.  Willard  L.  Lewis,  111 
Dr.  Mary  Wood 
Dr.  Donald  Reichard 


College  Presidents  (as  of  September  1,  2004) 

Alamance  County  Community  College 
Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Community  College 
Beaufort  County  Community  College 
Bladen  Community  College 

Blue  Ridge  Community  College 

Brunswick  Community  College 

Caldwell  Community  College  and  Technical  Institute 

Cape  Fear  Community  College 

Carteret  Community  College 
Catawba  Valley  Community  College 
Central  Carolina  Community  College 
Central  Piedmont  Community  College 

Cleveland  Community  College 
Coastal  Carolina  Community  College 
College  of  the  Albemarle 
Craven  Community  College 

Davidson  County  Community  College 
Durham  Technical  Community  College 
Edgecombe  Community  College 
Fayetteville  Technical  Community  College 

Forsyth  Technical  Community  College 
Gaston  College 

Guilford  Technical  Community  College 
Halifax  Community  College 

Haywood  Technical  College 
Isothermal  Community  College 
James  Sprunt  Community  College 
Johnston  Community  College 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Community'  and  Technical 

Dr.  Braniley  Brilcy 
Dr.  Ann  R.  Britt 
Dr.  Thomas  E.  Williams 
Dr.  Brvan  Wilson 

Dr.  Douglas  Eason 

Dr.  Mary  P.  Kirk 

Dr.  James  Lemons 

Dr.  Kaiherine  M.  Johnson 

Dr.  Francis  Manon  Altman,  Jr. 

Dr.  H.  James  Owen 

Dr.  Dennis  Massey 

Dr.  Richard  T.  Heckman 

Dr.  E  Deanc  Honeycutt 

Dr.  Harold  E.  Mitchell 

Vacant 

Dr.  Robert  C.  Keys 

Dr.  Richard  L.  Brownell 
Dr.  William  C.  Aiken 
Dr.  John  R.  Dempsey 
Dr.  John  R.  McKay 

Dr.  Vincent  Revels  (Inteiini) 
Dr.  Cecil  L.  Groves 
Dr.  Michael  R.  Taylor 
Dr.  Frank  Sells 

Martin  Lancaster 
Dr.  Norman  Oglesby 
George  R.  "Randy"  Parker 
Dr.  Dr.  Steve  Scott 

Dr.  Edward  H.  Wilson 
Dr.  James  A.  Richardson 
Dr.  Gordon  G.  Burns,  Jr. 
Dr.  C.H.  "Rusty"  Stephens 


College  Presidents  (as  of  September  1,  2004) 

Lenoir  Community  College 
Martin  Community  College 
Mayland  Community  College 
McDowell  Technical  Community  College 

Mitchell  Community  College 
Montgomery  Community  College 
N.C.  Center  for  Applied  Textile  Technology 
Nash  Community  College 

Pamlico  Community  College 
Piedmont  Community  College 
Pitl  Conimunity  College 
Randolph  Communiiy  College 

Richmond  Community  College 
Roanoke-Chowan  Community  College 
Robeson  Community  College 
Rockingham  Communit)'  College 

Rowan-Cabarrus  Community  College 
Sampson  Community  College 
Sandhills  Community  College 
South  Piedmont  Community  College 

Southeastern  Community  College 
Southwestern  Community  College 
Stanly  Community  College 
Surry  Community  College 

System  Office  ol  the  N.C.  Community  College  System 
Tri-County  Community  College 
Vance-Gran\'ille  Community  College 
Wake  Technical  Community  College 

Wayne  Community  College 

Western  Piedmont  Community  College 

Wilkes  Community  College 

Wilson  County  Technical  Communiiy  College 


718 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

Alamance  County  Community  College 

Graham,  N.C. 

Citizens  of  Alamance  County  depend  upon  Alamance  County  Community 
College  for  educational  opportunity  and  career  advancement,  while  businesses  and 
industries  m  the  local  community  depend  on  the  college  for  a  trained  and  technically- 
skilled  work  force.  Since  1958,  ACC  has  been  responding  to  the  educational, 
occupational  and  cultural  needs  of  Alamance  County's  residents  and  business 
community  changing  curricula  and  adding  new  programs  in  response  to  the  ever- 
changing  needs  of  its  service  area. 

Accredited  by  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools,  ACC  offers 
36  technical  and  vocational  programs  of  study,  m  addition  to  a  college  transfer 
option.  The  curriculum  offerings  are  supported  by  more  than  80  full-time  faculty 
in  four  academic  divisions:  business;  human  resources;  humanities,  public  ser\'ice 
and  college  transfer;  and  industrial  technology.  The  continuing  education  division 
offers  more  than  900  diverse  courses  per  year,  including  industrial  services,  literacy 
programs  and  personal  interest  courses. 

With  a  curriculum  enrollment  of  approximately  3,500  students  and  continuing 
education  enrollment  of  more  than  13,000  per  year,  ACC  is  among  the  largest 
public,  two-year  institutions  m  the  N.C.  Community  College  System.  Approximately 
one  in  ever\^  five  adult  residents  of  Alamance  County  attends  ACC  each  year  for 
some  t>^e  of  educational  experience,  making  the  colleges  percentage  of  ser\ace  area 
population  served  one  of  the  highest  rates  in  the  state. 

Located  in  Graham  along  Interstate  85/40,  the  main  campus  is  situated  on  a  72- 
acre  site  on  the  banks  of  the  Haw  River.  It  includes  a  three-story  building  of  182,562 
square  feet  with  classrooms,  laboratories,  a  learning  resource  center,  student  support 
services,  student  commons  and  administrative  offices.  A  new  49,525  square-foot 
science  and  technology  building  opened  in  August,  1996,  and  includes  science, 
fine  arts,  computer  laboratories  and  a  multi-media  information  highway  laboratory. 
This  facility  includes  heavy  equipment  industr}'  training  sites  and  general  classroom 
space.  The  main  campus  also  has  a  shop  building  and  a  greenhouse.  The  college 
operates  a  Burlington  campus  at  1519  North  Mebane  Street,  where  a  total  of  25,730 
square  feet  is  dedicated  primarily  to  continuing  education  classes.  Additional  classes 
are  taught  at  more  than  100  sites  across  the  county  including  schools,  recreation 
centers,  fire  departments,  community  buildings,  churches  and  businesses. 


719 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Community  College 

Asheville,N.C. 

For  four  decades,  Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Community  College  (A-B  Tech) 
has  educated  citizens  for  jobs  in  western  North  Carolina.  In  1988,  A-B  Tech  expanded 
us  mission  to  add  college  transfer  programs.  Originally  funded  by  a  bond  election, 
the  mountain  college  was  initially  administered  by  the  Asheville  City  Board  of 
Education,  with  control  passing  to  a  local  board  of  trustees  m  1963. 

A-B  Tech  tirst  offered  pre-employment  training  in  machine  shop,  practical  nursing 
education  and  electronics  along  with  job-related  short  courses.  The  first  Associate 
m  Applied  Science  degree  was  awarded  m  August,  1964.  In  early  years,  Asheville-  i 
Buncombe  Technical  Community  College  served  the  vocational/technical  education 
needs  ol  15  western  North  Carolina  counties.  Four  units  were  estabUshed  m  outlying 
areas  and  administered  by  A-B  Tech.  These  units  gradually  established  independent 
status  and  became  institutions  m  the  N.C.  Community  College  System. 

Located  m  Asheville,  formerly  rated  a  No.  1  city  by  the  Places  Rated  Ahnanac,  j 
A-B  Tech  serves  Buncombe  and  Madison  counties,  with  a  combined  population  j 
exceeding  200,000.  Outdoor  lovers  enjoy  the  diversity  offered  by  mountain  lixing. 
Skimg  IS  a  popular  sport  and  hshmg,  hiking  and  backpacking  dominate  the  outdoor  i 
scene  in  summer.  Visitors  attracted  by  the  scenic  mountain  splendor  make  the  tra\'el  i 
and  tourism  mdustiy  the  second-largest  employer  m  Buncombe  County  Asheville, 
also  top-rated  as  a  premier  retirement  community,  serves  as  a  regional  health  center  J 
and  a  retail  shopping  area.  Over  the  years.  Buncombe  County  has  provided  the  I 
necessaiy  space  for  industrial  development,  while  Madison  County  remains  more  j 
dependent  upon  agricultural  pursuits.  | 

Starting  with  a  20-acre  tract  and  $300,000  for  site  development  and  two  \ 
buildings,  Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Community  College  today  is  located  on  I 
approximately  144  acres  and  occupies  21  buildings.  A  satellite  campus  opened  in  i 
Madison  County  in  January,  1990. 

Beaufort  County  Community  College 

Washington,  N.C. 

Beaufort  County  Community  College  began  as  an  industrial  education  center 
and  branch  of  Lenoir  County  Technical  Institute.  Later  it  operated  as  a  branch  of 
Pitt  Technical  Institute.  The  institution  gained  independence  as  Beaufort  County 
Technical  Institute  m  1967. 

Housed  temporarily  m  an  abandoned  prison  camp  and  various  rented  facilities, 
the  institution  began  work  on  a  68-acre  campus  m  1968,  the  same  year  it  graduated 
38  students  from  four  vocational  programs.  The  school  became  a  community  college 
m  1979,  although  college  transfer  courses  had  been  offered  in  cooperation  with 
East  Carolina  University  for  many  years. 

720 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

Seven  permanent  buildings  are  located  on  the  campus  on  U.S.  Route  264, 

approximately  four  miles  east  of  Washington  m  historic  eastern  North  Carolina. 

U.S.  Routes  264  and  17,  the  mam  traffic  arteries  m  the  area,  facilitate  transportation 

to  the  institution  for  persons  in  Beaufort,  Hyde,  Tyrrell  and  Washington  counties. 

Each  building  on  Beaufort  County  Community  Colleges  campus  contains  classroom 

space  and  special-purpose  laboratory  space.  Building  1  contains  administrative  offices 

and  data  processing  laboratories.  Building  2  houses  business-subject  laboratories, 

cosmetology,  auto  mechanics  and  electrical  electronics  laboratories.  Building  3 

I  includes  the  nursing  arts  laboratories.  Building  4  contains  the  machine  shop,  drafting, 

[power  mechanics,  diesel  and  welding  laboratories.  Building  5,  the  learning  resources 

(center,  which  includes  a  student  lounge,  snack  bar,  library,  learning  laboratory  and 

a  large  multi-use  area.  Building  8  contains  Continuing  Education  Division  offices, 

classrooms,  shops  and  a  small  lecture  auditorium.  Building  9  houses  student  services 

offices,  a  distance  learning  faciHty,  science  labs  and  a  student  lounge. 

Bladen  Community  College 

Dublin,  N.C. 

I  Bladen  Community  College  was  established  as  Bladen  Technical  Institute  in 
1 1967.  The  school  was  initially  located  m  a  composite  of  rented  buildings  in 
;Elizabethtown.  The  old  Johnson  Cotton  Company  property  on  Highway  701  was 
I  secured  and  became  the  location  for  administrative  offices  as  well  as  for  educational 
'course  offerings.  Space  for  a  welding  shop  and  student  service  area  was  provided 
I  by  leasing  the  Marks  Tractor  building  next  to  the  Johnson  Cotton  Company 
I  building.  Business,  secretarial  and  nursing  programs  were  housed  in  the  old 
Elizabethtown  Baptist  Church. 

The  college  began  operation  on  a  full-scale  basis  in  September,  1968.  Curriculum 
'programs  were  offered  m  cosmetology,  executive  secretarial  science,  business 
administration,  industrial  engineering  and  agricultural  engineering  technologies, 
'industrial  maintenance,  automotive  mechanics  and  nursing  assistant.  Extension  and 
I  other  part-time  adult  programs  were  started  during  the  evenings  to  complement 
[{day  programs. 

The  first  phase  of  construction  for  a  permanent  campus  near  Dublin  began  in 

I  the  spring  of  1970.  The  college  moved  to  its  permanent  25-acre  campus  in  July, 

1971.  Two  buildings  totaling  27,000  square  feet  were  included  in  the  initial  building 

phase  and  housed  administrative  offices,  classrooms,  laboratories,  shops,  a  student 

lounge  and  library  A  small  shop  was  built  as  an  MDTA  welding  class  project  in 

1 1972.  Nine  acres  were  added  to  the  campus  that  same  year  and  an  additional  11 

acres  in  1973.  A  combination  shop/classroom  building  containing  10,500  square 

feet  was  completed  in  the  summer  of  1973  and  was  occupied  at  the  beginning  of 

i  the  1973  fall  quarter.  A  3,600  square-foot  storage  shed,  constructed  as  a  class  project, 

was  completed  early  in  1974. 

721 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Construction  ol  a  multi-purpose  building,  an  administrative  building  and  a 
learning  resources  center  was  begun  m  the  summer  of  1975.  The  Learning  Resources 
Center  and  the  Administrative  Building  were  completed  m  April,  1976,  and  the 
Multi-Purpose  Building  was  completed  in  July,  1976.  A  carpentry  laboratory  was 
completed  in  1978,  while  two  additional  shop  buildings  were  completed  in  1980. 
The  Louis  L  Parker  High  Technology  Center  opened  in  1988. 

A  satellite  campus  was  started  m  the  Kelly  community  m  1975  when  the  Bladen 
County  Board  of  Education  deeded  the  Natmore  school  property  to  the  college. 
The  5.25-acre  site  included  two  buildings  with  a  combined  gross  square  footage  of 
7,170.  In  1985,  a  4,000  square-foot  building  was  completed  at  the  Kelly  campus. 

Soon  after  the  college  was  established,  plans  were  formulated  to  attain  j 
accreditation  by  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools.  The  college  was  : 
initially  granted  ''correspondent"  status  and  m  1973  earned  "candidate  for  ' 
accreditation"  status.  Full  accreditation  was  attained  m  1976  and  was  re-affirmed  m 
1982.  Following  a  comprehensive  self-study  Bladen  Community  Colleges  academic  , 
accreditation  was  re-affirmed  again  m  1992.  I 

Bladen  Community  College  offers  post-secondary  curricula  in  the  areas  of 
vocational,  technical  and  general  education.  Instruction  is  also  offered  m  a  variety  \ 
of  continuing  education  programs  and  courses.  The  college  is  dedicated  to  the  ] 
open-door  policy  and  to  meeting  the  educational  and  cultural  needs  of  the  people 
of  Bladen  and  surrounding  counties. 

Blue  Ridge  Community  College 

Flat  Rock  N.C. 

In  1963,  The  N.C.  General  Assembly  authorized  a  system  of  comprehensive) 
community  colleges  and  technical  institutes  to  be  established  m  areas  of  the  state 
where  a  definite  need  for  such  an  institution  was  shown.  On  the  basis  of  this  need  : 
and  through  the  combined  efforts  of  interested  citizens  of  Henderson  Count);  the 
college  was  established  as  Henderson  County  Technical  Institute  m  May  of  1969. 
At  that  time,  the  citizens  of  Henderson  County  approved  a  bond  issue  and  a  special 
tax  \e\y  which  pro\ided  iunds  for  the  construction,  operation  and  maintenance  of  j 
a  physical  plant  for  the  school. 

The  colleges  local  board  of  trustees  took  the  oath  of  ofhce  on  September  9, 
1969.  The  institution  began  operation  on  December  1,  1969,  with  the  first  course 
offered  on  January  8,  1970.  The  first  full-time  curriculum  classes  began  on 
September  14,  1970.  On  October  12,  1970,  the  board  of  trustees  voted  to  change, 
the  colleges  name  to  Blue  Ridge  Technical  Institute.  On  July  9,  1979,  they  voted  to; 
change  the  name  of  Blue  Ridge  Technical  College  and,  on  September  14,  1987,  they' 
approved  the  name  of  Blue  Ridge  Community  College. 


722 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

The  college  occupies  facilities  on  a  109-acre  campus  located  on  College  Drive, 
which  connects  Airport  and  Allen  Road,  two  and  a  half  miles  southeast  of 
Hendersonville  in  Henderson  County.  An  11 -building  complex  provides  more  than 
213,444  square  feet  of  floor  space  divided  into  shop  and  laboratory  space, 
classrooms,  library,  learning  center,  office  and  reception  space  and  student  lounge 
areas.  The  colleges  new  Allied  Health/Human  Services  Building  opened  m  1997. 
The  Transylvania  Center  houses  curriculum  and  continuing  education  classes. 
Renovations  to  this  facility  were  completed  in  1988  and  the  Transylvania  Center 
moved  to  Brevard  in  1997. 

Brunswick  Community  College 

Supply,  N.C. 

Brunsvvack  Community  College,  the  youngest  of  North  Carolina's  community 
colleges,  serves  students  with  sites  m  Supply,  Leland  and  Southport.  A  state-of-the- 
art  community  auditorium  on  the  main  campus  m  Supply  accommodates  1,500 
people  for  concerts,  dramatic  performances  and  community  events. 

Brunswick  Community  College  offers  curriculum  and  continuing  education 
(classes  to  suit  almost  every  schedule.  Students  can  attend  classes  durmg  the  day, 
[  evenings  or  even  on  Saturdays  to  meet  their  education  goals.  More  than  20  curriculum 
j  programs  and  numerous  continuing  education/extension  classes  are  open  to  any 
"adult  student. 

<  The  faculty  and  staff  at  Brunswick  Community  College  realized  that  a  "one  size 
I  fits  all"  approach  does  not  apply  to  students.  Through  a  flexible  series  of  courses, 
j  called  developmental  studies,  opportunities  are  made  for  all  students  to  strengthen 
j  their  basic  educational  background.  Both  indi\^dually-programmed  instruction  and 

teaching  m  small  groups  assist  students  in  overcoming  their  educational  deficiencies. 

Both  basic  educational  and  GED  (high  school  equivalency  certificate)  studies  are 
1  offered  at  a  variety  of  times  and  locations  throughout  the  county. 

"  Programs  at  Brunswick  Community  College  include  business  administration, 
information  systems  technology,  ofhce  systems  technology,  information  systems/ 
programming,  turfgrass  management  technology,  electronic  engineering  technology, 
real  estate  and  basic  law  enforcement  training.  BCC  offers  the  state's  only  two-year 

t  aquaculture  technology  program.  Students  can  also  select  programs  in  automotive 
systems  technology,  cosmetology,  manicuring/nail  technology,  cosmetology 
instruction,  manicuring  instruction,  air  conditioning,  heating  and  refrigeration 
technology  and  welding  technology.  Students  seeking  to  pursue  a  four-year  bachelor's 
degree  can  take  their  first  two  years  of  study  at  Brunswick  Community  College  in 
the  college  transfer  program,  which  awards  both  Associate  in  Science  and  Associate 
in  Arts  degrees.  These  courses  are  also  transferable  to  most  other  four-year  North 

'  Carolina  and  out-of-state  colleges  and  universities.  Students  interested  in  health 
careers  can  select  from  BCC's  practical  nursing  and  nursing  assistant  programs.  The 

723 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

college  offers  several  consortium  programs  with  other  community  colleges.  Programs 

offered  on  the  BCC  campus  include  health  information  technology  and  phlebotomy 

Students  in  the  dental  assistant,  lilm  and  video  production,  medical  assistant  and  ! 

medical  laboratorv  programs  begin  their  studies  at  BCC,  then  continue  them  at  I 

another  college.  j 

i 
Through  the  colleges  continuing  education  courses,  students  can  learn  basic 

skills,  provide  enrichment  or  gam  practical  knowledge.  Offered  in  various  locations, 

the  classes  range  trom  outboard  motor  repair  to  cabinet-making  to  welding.  These 

courses  provide  an  excellent  way  for  a  person  to  preview  an  interest  area. 

Caldwell  Community  College  and  Technical  Institute 

LenoirfN.C. 

Caldwell  Technical  Institute  was  established  April  2,  1964,  and  permanent 
facilities  were  occupied  in  September,  1967.  In  1970  the  N.C.  General  Assembly  ' 
authorized  Caldwell  Technical  Institute  to  offer  college  transfer  courses  and  the 
institutions  name  became  Caldwell  Community  College  and  Technical  Institute 
(CCC  &  TI). 

Located  m  the  foothills  of  western  North  Carolina,  CCC  &  TIs  Caldwell 
Campus  rests  on  a  98-acre  tract  ot  land  m  Hudson.  Accessible  to  the  population 
centers  of  Lenoir,  Granite  Falls  and  Hickory,  the  Caldwell  Campus  is  located  on  \ 
Highway  321.  In  1989  the  college  purchased  the  tormer  Fairtield  Chair  Company 
showroom.  The  school  opened  the  newJ.E.  BroyhiU  Civic  Center  on  the  13.3-acrej 
site  in  1993.  The  civic  center  is  located  2.5  miles  north  of  the  Caldwell  Campus; 
and  features  a  1,000-seat,  state-of-the-art  proscenium  performance  theater,  three! 
conlerence  rooms  and  a  Corporate  Computer  Training  Center.  j 

In  1973  CCC  &  TI  established  a  Watauga  Division  in  Boone,  operating  for 
years  at  numerous  locations  throughout  the  county  In  1988  the  General  Assembly  i 
authorized  $100,000  for  the  design  of  the  colleges  hrst  permanent  facility  in  Watauga 
County.  Later  that  same  year,  Watauga  County  Commissioners  purchased  a  39-acreii 
site  west  of  Boone  on  the  105/421  Bypass  which  became  the  the  institutions  Watauga 
Campus  m  1998. 

The  states  hrst  Career  Center  opened  in  the  fall  of  1999  on  the  Caldwell  Campus  \ 
of  CCC  &  TI.  A  cooperative  venture  between  the  public  school  system,  CCC  &  TI 
and  over  50  local  employers,  the  Career  Center  benehts  the  county  with  locuscd 
and  cooperative  resources  ior  skilled  trade  and  technical  occupations.  Areas  of 
specialized  training  include  building  trades  technology,  business  technology,! 
furniture  technology  and  industrial  maintenance.  Participants  include  students  from; 


I 


I 


724 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

all  three  local  high  schools  during  the  day,  while  CCC  &  Tl  students  utiUze  the 
facilities  in  the  evening. 

The  colleges  service  area  includes  over  100,000  people  in  Caldwell  and  Watauga 
counties.  A  variety  of  industries  form  the  basis  of  the  local  economy:  hosiery  paper, 
metals  manufacturing  and  tourism.  Since  its  establishment  Caldwell  Community 
College  and  Technical  Institute  has  enjoyed  constant  community  support  and 
!  encouragement.  The  institution  has  grown  to  include  over  50  occupational  and 
college  transfer  programs  in  addition  to  a  variety  of  adult  basic  education,  corporate 
and  continuing  education  courses. 

In  May,  1999,  CCC  &  Tl  accepted  the  gift  of  the  Broyhill  home  m  Lenoir.  The 
58  year-old  estate  consists  of  34  rooms  encompassing  approximately  8,000  square 
feet,  in  addition  to  its  extensive  grounds  and  Olympic-sized  swimming  pool. 

I 

Cape  Fear  Community  College 

Wilmington,  N.C. 

'        Cape  Fear  Community  College  began  m  1959  as  the  Wilmington  Industrial 

Education  Center  and  adopted  the  name  Cape  Fear  Technical  Institute  m  1964.  On 

January  1,  1988,  Cape  Fear  Technical  Institute  became  Cape  Fear  Community 

College.  From  its  modest  beginnings  with  an  enrollment  of  only  several  hundred 

i  students,  CFCC  now  ser\^es  more  than  24,000  adults  annually  m  a  wide  range  of 

I  courses  at  its  main  campus  in  Wilmington  and  at  two  satellite  campuses  in  Burgaw 

j  and  Hampstead.  These  three  campuses,  as  well  as  many  off-campus  locations,  serve 

I  both  New  Hanover  and  Pender  counties. 

I  CFCCs  main  campus  is  located  in  downtown  Wilmington.  The  campus  extends 
I  between  North  Second  Street  and  the  Cape  Fear  River,  where  the  college  maintains 
I  its  dock,  a  training  vessel  and  various  boats  used  to  tram  students  enrolled  m 
i  marine  courses.  The  main  campus  consists  of  a  four-story  administration/lab/shop 
[  building,  a  seven-stoiy  structure  adjacent  to  the  administration  building  that  houses 
I  classrooms,  library,  labs,  shops,  a  student  activity  area,  cafeteria,  bookstore  and 
I  lecture  auditorium.  Additional  buildings  on  campus  house  a  variety  of  technical 
and  vocational  programs. 

State  and  local  bond  referendums  approved  by  voters  in  1993  and  1994  have 
provided  more  than  $21  million  for  expansion  of  facilities  at  Cape  Fear  Community 
College.  The  colleges  mam  campus  doubled  in  size  by  the  end  of  1998  with  more 
classrooms  and  laboratories  provided  at  the  college's  Burgaw  and  Hampstead 
campuses.  The  new  facilities  provide  space  for  the  expansion  of  the  colleges  curricula 
and  the  addition  of  many  new  programs  within  the  next  five  years. 


725 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Carteret  Community  College  | 

MoTvIiead  City,  N.  C.  j 

Since  1963  Cartercl  Communlly  College  has  been  helping  students  prepare  for 
a  changing  workforce.  Located  m  Morehead  City  along  Boguc  Sound,  the  college  j 
today  ser\'es  more  than  7,000  curriculum  and  continuing  education  students.  j 

First  authorized  as  the  Carteret  County  Unit  ot  the  Goldsboro  Industrial  j 
Education  Center,  the  unit  operated  for  three  years  until  it  was  re-designated  as  I 
Carteret  Technical  Institute  under  a  contract  with  the  Carteret  County  Board  of  | 
Education.  In  1979  the  board  of  trustees  ofhcially  changed  the  name  to  Carteret  I 
Technical  College,  which  remained  m  effect  for  about  ten  years.  In  1989  the  board 
changed  the  institutions  name  to  Carteret  Community  College,  which  was  affirmed 
by  the  Carteret  County  Board  oi  Commissioners.  j 

Carteret  Community  College  offers  a  full  range  of  associate  degree,  diplomas  j 
and  certihcate  programs  in  various  vocational  and  technical  areas.  It  also  offers 
Associate  in  Arts  and  Associate  m  Science  degrees  as  part  of  the  college  transfer  j 
program.  In  recent  years  the  college  has  changed  its  programming  to  keep  pace 
with  shifts  in  the  job  market  and  technology.  While  the  college  still  oilers  traditional 
vocational/technical-type  programs,  more  oi  todays  students  are  learning  the  new 
technology  of  computer-related  systems  including  digital  imaging,  web  design  and 
administration  and  a  variety  of  ofhce  systems  technology  courses.  Several  new 
programs  were  recently  added  to  the  list  of  curriculum  programs,  including: 
therapeutic  massage,  healthcare  management  technology  and  internet  technologies. 

In  the  summer  of  2000,  the  new  Center  for  Marine  Sciences  and  Technology 
opened  on  the  Carteret  Community  College  Campus.  The  new  CMAST  facility  is  a 
partnership  between  North  Carolina  State  University,  Sea  Grant  and  Carteret 
Community  College.  It  will  enable  the  college  to  expand  its  Associate  in  Science 
program  using  state-of-the-art  laboratory  and  computer  facilities.  The  college  is. 
also  considering  development  of  a  coastal  and  marine  technologies  program  in  the  ( 
years  ahead.  I 

Catawba  Valley  Community  College  | 

HicfzoryfN.C. 

Catawba  Valley  Community  College  CCVCC)  opened  its  doors  in  1960  as  onej 
of  the  original  North  Carolina  industrial  education  centers.  In  1988,  the  college! 
was  made  a  comprehensive  community  college,  offering  academic  programs  that, 
transfer  to  four-year  colleges  and  universities  in  addition  to  the  occupational/technical 
programs  which,  by  this  date,  ranged  Irom  automation/robotics  to  allied  health] 
curricula  to  special-interest  continuing  education  courses. 


726 


N.C,    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

In  the  1998-99  term,  CVCC  enrolled  5,542  students  in  63  curriculum  programs 
and  more  than  15,000  students  in  continuing  education  classes.  The  campus  is 
located  on  U.S.  Highways  70/321  m  Hickory  in  Catawba  County  The  campus 
covers  120  acres  and  its  13  buildings  contain  370,000  square  feet  of  space.  This 
includes  the  colleges  most  recent  property  acquisition,  the  East  Campus  with  its 
100,000  square-foot  building.  The  college  currently  uses  about  65,000  square  feet 
for  a  variety  of  programs,  including  a  child  care  center,  continuing  education 
classrooms  and  offices,  Small  Business  Center,  Furniture  Technology  Center,  Hoisery 
Technology  Center,  Environmental  Education  Center  and  JobLink  Center.  The  East 
Campus  also  houses  the  Bobby  Isaacs  Motorsports  Technology  Program,  which 
prepares  students  for  jobs  m  the  automotive  racing  industry 

Central  Carolina  Community  College 

Sanfi)Txl,N.C. 

One  of  the  original  Industrial  Education  Centers,  Central  Carohna  Community 
College  (CCCC)  began  awarding  associate  degrees  m  1965,  the  same  year  the 
institutions  name  became  Central  Carolina  Technical  Institute.  The  name  was 
i  changed  to  the  current  one  m  1988. 

:  CCCC  offers  more  than  50  curriculum  programs  and  serves  more  than  16,000 
;  students  annually  in  both  the  curriculum  and  continuing  education  divisions.  The 
]  college  has  full-service  campuses  m  Chatham,  Harnett  and  Lee  counties.  The  mam 
,  campus  is  located  in  Sanford  in  Lee  County  on  a  41 -acre  site.  Other  locations 
I  include  the  new  Chatham  County  Campus  m  Pittsboro,  located  on  43  acres  off 
j  U.S.  64;  the  Harnett  County  Campus  in  LiUington,  located  on  ten  acres  off  U.S. 
I  421;  the  Siler  City  Center  in  Siler  City;  and  the  N.C.  School  of  Telecommunications 
located  in  Sanford. 

The  libraries  of  all  three  county  campuses  include  more  than  50,480  books;  65 
magazines,  newspapers  and  journals;  27  CD-ROM  databases;  and  5,525 
audiovisuals.  Central  Carolina  Community  College  has  historically  emphasized 
technical  education.  It  has  led  the  state  m  developing  innovative  programs  in 
broadcasting,  paralegal,  laser  and  photonics,  motorcycle  mechanics,  telephony, 
quality  assurance,  dialysis  technology  and  veterinary  medical  technology  CCCC 
also  offers  a  variety  of  courses  in  business,  technical,  health  sciences  and  human 
services  helds,  as  well  as  college  transfer  courses.  CCCC  operates  a  small  business 
center  with  offices  in  Sanford,  Pittsboro  and  Dunn.  It  also  administers  the  Dennis 
A.  Wicker  Civic  Center  in  Sanford. 


727 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Central  Piedmont  Community  College 

Charlotte,  N,C. 

Central  Piedmont  Conimunity  College  (CPCC)  has  become  a  vital  economic 
engine  for  Charlotte  and  Mecklenburg  County.  CPCC  is  an  innovative  and 
comprehensive  two-year  college  with  a  mission  to  advance  lite-long  learning  of 
adults  consistent  with  their  needs,  interests  and  abilities  and  to  strengthen  the 
economic,  social  and  cultural  life  in  the  Charlotte-Mecklenburg  region  of  North 
Carolina. 

In  1963  Mecklenburg  College  and  the  Central  Industrial  Education  Center 
merged  to  form  Central  Piedmont  Community  College.  Its  visionaries  believed 
accessibility  was  an  essential  ingredient  to  effectively  sen-e  the  people  of  the  Piedmont. 
CPCC  is  an  open-door  institution  that  promotes  mclusic^n  and  diversity.  It  remains  j 
academically,  hnancially  and  geographically  accessible  to  all  citizens  of  Mecklenburg  j 
County. 

Central  Piedmont  is  a  dynamic  and  vibrant  place.  The  college  serves 
approximately  70,000  students  each  year.  This  number  is  growing  and  enrollment 
is  projected  to  reach  105,000  by  2005.  CPCC  is  expanding  from  a  single  location 
near  the  center-city  to  a  network  of  campuses  strategically  located  throughout  the 
county.  Classes  are  currently  offered  at  the  Central  Campus  near  downtowm  Charlotte, 
the  City  View  Center  on  the  citys  west  side,  the  Corporate  Training  Center  across 
from  the  Charlotte  Coliseum,  the  North  Campus  m  Huntersville,  the  South  Campus 
in  Matthews  and  the  Southwest  Campus  at  Hebron  and  Nations  Ford  roads.  Two 
other  campuses  are  planned;  the  West  Campus  near  Charlotte  Douglas  International 
Airport  and  the  Northeast  Campus  in  the  UNC-Charlotte  area. 

CPCC  offers  44  major  degree  programs  along  with  a  commitment  to  a 
comprehensive  community  development,  literacy  outreach  and  expanding 
international  seiTices.  The  college  has  an  extensive  arra)'  ot  corporate  and  continuing 
education  offerings.  It  provides  programs  and  ser\^ices  specially  designed  to  meet 
training  needs  and  re-trainmg  need  ol  business  and  industry  and  other  area 
organizations.  Individual  career  goals  for  the  general  adult  population  are  also  met 
through  community  continuing  education  offerings. 

Expanding  higher  education  opportunities  to  populations  previously  under- 
served  was  a  ioundmg  principle  of  the  community  college  movement.  The, 
community  college  open-door  policy  mandated  basic  skills  programs  lor  under- 
prepared  students.  Adult  basic  education  programs  provide  basic  literary  instruction 
and  functional  living  skills.  Adult  high  school  and  GED  programs  assist  students' 
in  completing  high  school.  ; 

CPCC  intends  to  become  a  national  leader  in  workforce  development.  The- 
college  community  envisions  a  luture  lor  this  growing  metropolitan  area  wherC; 
there  is  a  strong  sense  of  communit)'  and  life  is  rewarding  -  a  future  built  on  full 

i 
728 


N.C,    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

participation  and  success  of  all  citizens  and  the  best  possible  use  of  human,  financial 
land  natural  resources.  For  more  information  call  (704)  330-CPCC  or  visit  the 
jcolleges  web  site  at  www.cpcc.cc.nc.us. 

I 

I 

Cleveland  Community  College 

Shelby,  N.C. 

Public  higher  education  came  to  Cleveland  County  in  1965  with  the 
j  establishment  of  the  Cleveland  County  Industrial  and  Adult  Education  Center.  This 
i satellite  of  Gaston  College  was  renamed  in  a  matter  of  months  to  the  Cleveland 
County  Industrial  Center  and  then  later  to  the  Cleveland  County  Unit  of  Gaston 
College.  In  October,  1967,  the  institution  ofhcially  became  Cleveland  County 
Technical  Institute  (CCTl).  CCTl  moved  from  the  rented  North  Morgan  Street 
location  and  the  borrowed  classrooms  of  churches,  schools,  banks  and  other  available 
^spaces  into  the  old  county  home  buildings  in  1969.  That  site,  137  South  Post 
:Road,  serves  as  the  location  of  today's  modern  faciUties. 

In  1971,  the  Cleveland  County  Commission  granted  land  and  $500,000  to  be 
I  matched  with  a  state  grant  of  the  same  amount.  This  money  was  used  for  the 
[construction  of  a  new  building  to  house  vocational  and  occupational  programs. 
iThe  building  opened  in  1974.  In  1975,  Cleveland  County  Technical  Institute  was 
accredited  by  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools. 

I       The  voters  of  Cleveland  County  demonstrated  great  conhdence  in  the  future  of 

I  the  college  with  the  approval  of  a  $5  million  bond  issue  on  June  7,  1977.  Those 

monies  were  used  for  the  construction  of  additional  classrooms  and  shops.  The 

Campus  Center  was  completed  in  1981.  A  field  house  was  completed  in  July,  1987, 

and  the  Student  Activities  Center  was  completed  in  February,  1989.  The  James 

.Broughton  Petty  Amphitheater  was  completed  in  1991. 

The  Cleveland  County  Board  of  Commissioners  approved  the  request  of  the 
I  Cleveland  County  Technical  Institute  Board  of  Trustees  to  change  the  name  of  the 
Sinstitution  to  Cleveland  Technical  College  in  March,  1980.  This  action  was  in 
Precognition  of  the  quality  and  caliber  of  the  colleges  programs.  In  July,  1987, 
;:  Cleveland  Technical  College  was  authorized  by  the  state  legislature  to  become 
j  Cleveland  Community  College.  This  name  change  signaled  the  addition  of  the  two- 
year  college  transfer  programs,  making  Cleveland  a  comprehensive  community 
i|college  with  technical,  vocational,  college  transfer  and  continuing  education 
programs. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Coastal  Carolina  Community  College 

JcicJisonviUe,N.C.  I 

One  ol  ihe  original  industrial  cducaiion  centers.  Coastal  Carolina  Community  ! 
College  (CCCC)  began  m  1970  in  an  abandoned  prison  with  an  enrollment  of  325  j 
extension  students  and  one  lull-time  employee.  CCCC  now  has  an  enrollment  of 
nearly  3,500  curriculum  students  m  industrial  technology,  business  technology  i 
and  college  transfer  programs  and  an  enrollment  ol  over  15,000  in  its  continuing  : 
education  program.  The  college  currently  has  230  full-time  employees.  j 

The  campus  is  located  in  Jacksonville,  an  All-America  City,  and  serves  all  of  ; 
Onslow  County's  population  of  more  than  140,000.  Onslow  County  is  also  home 
to  the  U.S.  Marine  Corps'  Camp  Lejeune  and  New  River  Air  Station.  The  area  is  : 
noted  for  freshwater  fishing  and  its  pristine  beaches.  The  Coastal  Carolina 
Community  College  campus  has  98  acres  and  13  buildings  and  operates  a  skills  I 
center  that  trains  personnel  for  new  and  expanding  industries.  j 

College  of  the  Albemarle  i 

Elizabeth  City,  N.C. 

College  of  the  Albemarle  (COA)  was  initially  chartered  under  the  Community 
College  Act  of  1957  and  was  issued  a  new  charter  on  July  1,  1963,  pursuant  to  the 
Community  College  Act  of  1963.  In  September,  1961,  ftve  instructors  conducted 
the  colleges  first  classes  for  182  students  in  a  renovated  hospital.  The  college  now 
senses  degree-seeking  students  in  27  programs  ranging  trom  traditional  liberal  arts 
to  vocational  programs  such  as  cosmetology,  nursing  and  auto  mechanics  to  new 
programs  such  as  microcomputer  systems  technology  and  paralegal  technology. 
More  than  5,000  people  enroll  annually  m  adult  education,  occupational  training 
or  other  extension  programs.  The  area  served  by  COA  is  noted  tor  agriculture,  : 
small  business,  developing  industry,  tourism  on  the  Outer  Banks  and  the  worlds 
largest  U.S.  Coast  Guard  Aviation  Technical  Training  Center.  I 

College  of  the  Albemarle's  mam  campus  is  located  m  Elizabeth  City  m  ^ 
Pasquotank  County  and  is  the  center  of  the  college's  seven-count)-  ser\'ice  area  — 
the  largest  service  area  m  the  community  college  system.  Satellite  campuses  are  i 
located  m  Dare  and  Chowan  counties.  The  college's  60-acre  main  campus  borders  i 
the  Pasquotank  River.  Five  major  buildings  on  this  canipus  include  a  Community  ' 
and  Small  Business  Center  which  features  a  stage  and  a  1 ,000-seat  auditorium  i 
available  for  community  use,  as  well  as  a  new  Technology  Center.  ' 


( 


I 


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N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

The  colleges  Dare  County  campus,  located  on  Russell  Twiford  Road  in  Manteo, 
provides  facilities  to  offer  associate  degree,  diploma  and  continuing  education 
programs  at  a  location  more  convenient  to  Outer  Banks  residents.  The  colleges 
Chowan  County  center  opened  in  1992  in  Edenton  Village  Shopping  Center  on 
U.S.  17  Business  in  Edenton.  The  renovated  site  houses  classrooms,  ofhces,  a 
seminar  room,  a  JobLink  Center  and  a  student  lounge  for  students  enrolled  in  both 
curriculum  and  continuing  education  programs. 

Craven  Community  College 

New  Bern,  N.C. 

The  campus  of  Craven  Community  College  (CCC)  is  located  in  New  Bern  off 
South  Glenburnie  Road.  The  mstitution  serves  Craven  County,  which  has  a  current 
population  of  87,300.  Long-range  development  plans  include  a  permanent  faciUty 
in  Havelock.  This  facility  will  accommodate  the  current  satellite  campus,  the  Institute 
for  Aeronautical  Technology  and  a  library 

The  facilities  on  the  main  campus  include  seven  permanent  buildings  and  seven 
temporary  modular  units.  Included  in  these  buildings  is  a  286-seat  auditorium  that 
houses  numerous  college  and  community  activities.  Outdoor  physical  education 
facilities  include  tennis  courts  and  soccer  fields. 

The  current  facilities  housing  the  satellite  campus  m  Havelock  are  rental  units 
which  accommodate  programs  for  cosmetology  data  processing  and  other  business 
programs  along  with  a  learning  lab,  all  of  which  are  located  in  East  Plaza  Professional 
Center  on  Highway  70  m  Havelock.  Ofhce  space  and  a  testing  center  are  located  in 
Building  4335  of  Cherry  Point  Marine  Corps  Air  Station.  The  Havelock  satellite 
campus  uses  public  high  school  and  middle  school  buildings  for  evening  classes. 

Davidson  County  Community  College 

Lexington,  N.C. 

Davidson  County  Community  College  was  initially  chartered  in  1958  as  an 
Industrial  Education  Center  (lEC).  Like  other  industrial  education  centers  chartered 
in  the  1950s  and  consohdated  under  the  Community  College  Act  of  1963,  this 
center  was  designed  to  equip  adults  with  the  skills  needed  to  move  from  an 
agricultural  to  a  manufacturing-based  economy  When  the  Sinclair  Building  opened 
on  a  22-acre  site  m  1963,  the  Davidson  County  lEC  enrolled  125  students  in 
vocational  and  technical  programs  and  51  students  in  adult  education  and  senice 
programs.  In  1965  the  institution  was  chartered  as  Davidson  County  Community 
College  (DCCC).  The  Associate  in  Arts  and  Associate  in  Science  degrees  were  added 
to  the  existing  Associate  in  Applied  Science  degree,  diploma  and  certificate  offerings. 

The  Davidson  campus  has  grown  to  11  buildings  and  two  emergency  senices 
training  facilities  on  approximately  97  acres.  The  Davie  campus  opened  m  1994 


731 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

and  cLirrcnik  has  Iwo  buildings  and  an  emergency  sendees  training  lacility  on  58 
acres  with  additional  facilities  planned.  The  college  currently  ser\'es  more  than  17,000 
students  annualK-  through  its  two  campuses.  DCCC  primarily  ser\'es  Davidson  and 
Davie  counties,  but  also  plays  a  significant  role  m  the  development  of  the  Piedmont 
Triad  region.  i 

Durham  Technical  Community  College 

DurficmyN.C. 

A  charter  member  of  the  N.C.  Community  College  System,  Durham  Technical  | 
Community  College  was  established  m  1961  as  one  of  the  states  hrst  Industrial  : 
Education  Centers.  Subsequent  name  changes  —  to  Durham  Technical  Institute  m  ; 
1965  and  to  Durham  Technical  Community  College  m  1986  —  reflect  the  college's  | 
expanding  educational  mission.  For  almost  40  years,  Durham  Tech  has  opened  j 
doors  to  employment  and  higher  education  for  thousands  of  North  Carolina  citizens. 
The  college  presently  serves  20,000  students  at  100  locations  m  Durham  and  Orange 
counties.  As  Durham  Tech  enters  a  new  millennium  of  providing  "training  for  the 
Triangle,"  it  envisions  continued  growth  m  programs,  services  and  facilities. 

Durham  Techs  mission  includes  providing  post-secondary,  entry-level  : 
occupational  training;  re-trainmg  and  skills  improvement  tor  the  local  work  force; 
opportunities  for  adult  high  school  completion,  vocational  advancement  and  personal 
growth;  two  years  of  studies  m  the  liberal  arts  and  sciences  for  students  seeking  a 
B.A.  or  B.S.  degree;  and  employee  and  customized  training  for  business  and  industry. 
The  college  offers  55  programs,  degrees,  diplomas  and  certificate  options  m  credit. 
Durham  Tech  offers  North  Carolmas  only  associate  degree  training  m  opticianry, 
clinical  trials  research  and  dental  laboratory  technology 

Durham  Techs  mam  campus  is  adjacent  to  the  Research  Triangle  Park,  while  : 
satellite  centers  in  neighboring  areas  serve  residents  from  Durham  and  Orange 
counties  and  throughout  the  Triangle  area.  The  colleges  Northern  Durham  Center, 
opened  m  1993,  is  located  near  two  major  industrial  parks  m  the  northern  part  of 
Durham  County  and  is  easily  accessible  to  residents  of  Orange  County  The  college 
also  now  offers  classes  at  the  Orange  County  Skills  Development  Center  located  on 
Franklin  Street  m  Chapel  Hill. 


732 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

Edgecombe  Community  College 

Tarhoro,N.C. 

Edgecombe  Community  College  (ECC)  began  as  an  extension  of  Wilson 
Technical  Community  College  in  1967  and  in  1968  came  under  complete 
Edgecombe  County  administration,  thus  dissolving  the  relationship  with  Wilson 
County  Technical  Institute.  The  final  step  to  full  institutional  independence  came 
in  the  spring  of  1971  when  the  General  Assembly  made  all  technical  institutes  in 
North  Carolina  independent  of  any  local  boards  of  education  and  granted  them 
government  by  a  12-member  board  of  trustees.  Later,  in  1972,  the  college  added  a 
satellite  campus  in  Rocky  Mount. 

ECC  offers  programs  in  approximately  30  curriculum  areas.  These  include 

college-transfer  associate  degrees  (A. A.  and  A.S.),  as  well  as  courses  in  business/ 

computer,  industrial  and  a  wide  variety  of  alUed  health  areas.  With  ECCs  move  to 

a  semester  system  in  the  fall  of  1997,  even  more  class  credits  are  transferrable  to 

'  four-year  colleges  and  universities. 

ECCs  Continuing  Education  program  provides  area  residents  with  a  wide  range 

of  literacy  classes,  as  well  as  training  seminars  for  local  businesses  and  industries. 

^  Classes  in  Total  QuaHty  Management  and  Internet  applications  are  very  popular 

;  choices.  The  college  offers  in-plant  training  and  classes  to  meet  a  variety  of  special 

;  needs. 

The  college  offers  local  business  and  industry  a  variety  of  opportunities  through 
its  Small  Business  Center.  It  also  offers  the  REAL  —  Rural  Entrepreneurship  through 
Action  Learning  -  program.  REAL  offers  students  the  opportunity  to  research,  plan, 
set  up  and  operate  their  own  businesses  in  conjunction  with  the  college. 

ECCs  Tarboro  campus  includes  six  buildings  with  a  total  of  103,255  square 
ifeet  on  a  104-acre  lot.  The  mam  building  contains  a  500-seat  auditorium,  student 
•  lounge  and  classrooms.  The  colleges  most  recent  addition  is  a  7,200  square-foot 
!  maintenance/shop  building  completed  in  1993.  The  Rocky  Mount  campus  includes 
|ia  60,000  square-foot  classroom  building,  a  3,283  square-foot  cosmetology  building 
fand  a  20,000  square-foot  post  office  building. 

Through  a  wide  selection  of  programs  and  classes,  ECC  strives  to  improve 
both  the  quality  of  life  and  the  economic  outlook  of  its  students  and  area  residents. 
ECC  is  equipping  its  students  with  the  basic,  real-hfe  technical  and  practical  skills 
that  will  allow  them  to  excel  in  their  careers,  homes  and  communities. 


733 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

FayettevilleTechnical  Community  College 

Fayetteville,  N.  C. 

Fayetteville  Technical  Community  College  originated  m  1961  as  the  Fayetteville 
Area  Industrial  Education  Center  and  became  Fayetteville  Technical  Institute  m  1963. 
It  was  not  until  1988  that  it  became  known  as  Favetteville  Technical  Commumtv 
College.  Fayetteville  Tech  is  a  public,  two-year  comprehensive  community  college 
serving  Fayetteville  and  Cumberland  County.  The  college  offers  34  Associate  m 
Applied  Science  degrees,  16  diploma  programs,  eight  certihcate  programs,  an 
Associate  in  General  Education  degree  and  Associate  m  Arts  and  Associate  m  Science 
degrees. 

Ser\ing  about  42,000  students  annually  —  approximately  12,000  m  curriculum 
programs  and  30,000  m  non-credit  continuing  education  courses  —  the  college 
ranks  as  the  third-largest  community  college  in  the  state.  Forty-seven  percent  ot  the 
students  enrolled  m  curriculum  programs  are  minorities  and  56  percent  of  the 
students  are  female. 

The  college  works  closely  with  local  and  state  employers  to  produce  well- 
trained  graduates  ready  to  take  their  place  m  the  work  force.  Fayetteville  Tech  also 
serv'es  a  large  militaiy  population  from  nearby  Fort  Bragg  and  Pope  Air  Force  Base. 

The  111.6-acre  mam  campus  has  a  physical  plant  of  more  than  611,751  square 
feet.  Continuing  education  classes  are  offered  at  a  campus  annex  location  and  at 
sites  throughout  the  community.  Offices  and  classes  are  also  located  at  Fort  Bragg. 

Forsyth  Technical  Community  College 

WmstonrSalem,N.C. 

Forsyth  Technical  Community  College  (FTCC)  was  established  m  1959  as  an  : 
Industrial  Education  Center,  part  of  the  Wmston-Salem/Forsyth  County  School 
System.  In  1963,  the  lEC  became  part  of  the  North  Carolina  Community  College  ; 
System  as  Forsyth  Technical  Institute.  Approximately  150  students  enrolled  in 
curriculum  programs  and  500  enrolled  in  continuing  education  programs.  i 

Since  1963,  the  institution  has  undergone  many  changes.  The  name  changed  in 

1985  to  Forsyth  Technical  College  and  to  Fors\'th  Technical  Community  College  , 

in  1987  w^ith  the  addition  of  a  college  transfer  program.  Besides  the  college  transfer  . 

program,  FTCC  currently  offers  42  associate  degree  programs,  24  diploma  programs  . 

and  24  certificate  programs.  These  curriculum  programs  sen'e  an  average  of  5,500  j 

students  each  semester,  while  corporate  and  continuing  education  courses  serve 

8,000  to  10,000  students  each  semester.  i 

i 
The  main  campus  is  located  at  2100  Silas  Creek  Parkway.  Corporate  and  | 

continuing  education  administrators  and  some  adult  education  programs  are  located  ] 

at  the  West  Campus,  1300  Bolton  Street.  A  Fourth  Street  Downtown  Center  and  a 


734 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

Fifth  Street  Library  Center  opened  in  1996  to  provide  more  accessible  training  for 
business  and  industry.  The  Grady  P.  Swisher  Center  in  Kernersville  and  the  Mazie  S. 
Woodruff  Center  in  northeast  Winston-Salem  opened  m  1998.  A  Stokes  County 
office  opened  in  Walnut  Cove  in  the  fall  of  1999. 

Gaston  College 

Dallas,  N.C. 

Gaston  College  was  granted  a  charter  by  the  State  of  North  Carolina  in  1963 
under  the  provisions  of  the  1957  Community  College  Act  and  operated  under  the 
direction  of  the  North  Carolina  Board  of  Higher  Education.  The  college  began  classes 
in  temporary  headquarters  at  a  local  church  in  September  of  1964.  On  July  1, 
1965,  Gaston  College  merged  with  Gaston  Technical  Institute  and  the  Gastonia 
Industrial  Education  Center  and  was  chartered  on  that  date  by  the  State  Board  of 
Education.  On  January  1,  1981,  the  college  began  operating  under  the  newly-formed 
'  North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Community  Colleges  as  a  two-year  comprehensive 
college. 

From  its  humble  beginnings  in  1963,  Gaston  College  has  grown  into  one  of 
I  the  largest  community  colleges  in  North  Carolina.  Its  present  annual  unduphcated 
j  headcount  for  both  curriculum  and  extension  totals  more  than  19,000  students. 
1  The  main  campus,  dedicated  in  1981,  is  situated  on  177  acres  between  Dallas  and 
I  Gastonia  on  Highway  321,  just  off  Interstate  85.  A  sateUite  campus  located  in 
I  Lincolnton  serves  the  citizens  of  Lincoln  County.  The  addition  of  the  Morris  Library 
in  1996  brought  the  number  of  permanent  buildings  to  a  total  of  12. 

Gaston  College  continues  to  expand  through  new  facilities  and  innovative 
projects.  Through  the  efforts  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  at  Charlotte  and 
'  Appalachian  State  University,  baccalaureate  and  masters-level  courses  are  also  being 
I  offered  by  the  University  Center  at  Gaston  College  as  a  convenience  for  area  citizens. 
\k  new  science  building  and  an  expanded  Lincoln  campus  are  part  of  the  colleges 
jinew  master  plan. 

1        Through  the  years,  Gaston  College  has  grown,  not  only  in  size  but  in  stature, 
Ito  become  a  strong  force  within  Gaston  and  Lincoln  counties.  The  college 
continuously  works  to  reinforce  its  commitment  to  the  success  of  its  students,  as 
well  as  its  strong  desire  to  serve  the  surrounding  communities  to  the  fullest. 

Guilford  Technical  Community  College 

Jcmiestowi%N.C. 

Guilford  Technical  Community  College  (GTCC)  has  entered  its  39th  year  of 
service  to  the  residents  of  Guilford  County.  From  a  former  sanitarium  site  in 
Jamestown,  it  has  emerged  as  an  educational  complex  ranking  fourth  in  size  among 
the  states  community  colleges.  Founded  in  1958  as  an  Industrial  Education  Center, 

735 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

the  mslituiion  began  wilh  iwo  eourses  and  50  sludenis  housed  m  one  building.  By 
die  end  ot  die  1958-59  academic  year,  1 1  rull-lime  and  10  pan-time  instructors 
were  teaching  593  students  in  six  vocational  courses. 

In  1965,  Guilford  Industrial  Education  Center  became  Guilford  Technical  ' 
Institute  CGTl).  The  institution  received  state  approval  to  grant  the  Associate  in 
Applied  Science  degree.  To  more  effectu'ely  ser\'e  students,  GTl  requested  the  addition 
of  a  college  transler  program  m  1983.  This  request  was  granted  with  an  effective 
date  identitied  in  the  next  hscal  year  with  GTI  being  named  Guilford  Technical 
Community  College.  During  1998-99,  the  institution  served  students  m  more  than 
60  programs.  Nearly  10,000  people  enrolled  m  credit  programs.  More  than  25,000 
enrolled  in  continuing  education  and  extension  courses. 

The  mam  campus  of  Guilford  Technical  Community  College  is  located  on  an 
85-acre  wooded  tract  off  Interstate  85  South  Business  at  the  eastern  edge  of  : 
Jamestown.  It  is  ideally  situated  within  easy  commuting  distance  of  Greensboro, 
High  Point  and  surrounding  areas  of  Guilford  County  In  addition  to  the  campus  at 
Jamestown,  GTCC  operates  other  locations  m  Greensboro  and  High  Point  and  at 
the  Piedmont  Triad  International  Airport.  Greensboro  centers  are  located  at  501  W. 
Washington  Street  and  400  W.  Whittington  Street  m  dov/ntown  Greensboro.  The 
GTCC  Small  Business  Center  is  located  at  2007  Yanceywille  Street  m  Greensboro. 
The  High  Point  Center  is  located  at  901  S.  Mam  Street.  GTCC  aviation  programs 
occupy  the  GTCC-T.G.  Davis  Aviation  Center  at  the  Piedmont  Triad  International 
Airport. 

Part-time  teaching  centers  for  the  Institutions  short-term,  non-credit  continuing  ' 
education  program  are  established  whenever  the  need  arises.  The  courses  are  offered 
in  schools,  community  centers,  churches,  housing  projects  and  libraries  throughout 
Guilford  County.  GTCC  operations  are  primarily  housed  m  19  buildings  on  the 
Jamestown  mam  campus.  Having  recently  completed  a  new  Public  Safety  Building 
and  the  Joseph  S.  Koury  Hospitality  Management  Center,  the  college  has  begun  , 
construction  ol  a  14-acre  Fire  Science  Demonstration  Facility  and  Public  Safety' 
Driving  Track  which  will  be  located  on  the  Jamestown  campus.  I 

Halifax  Community  College 

Wekk)n,N.C.  \ 

Halifax  Community  College  (HCC),  chartered  in   1967  as  Halifax  County, 
Technical  Institute,  began  functioning  m  February,  1968.  Since  its  beginning  at  the 
Halifax  County  Civil  Defense  Building  in  Halifax  with  an  enrt^lment  of  1 5  curriculum 
students  m  only  two  programs,  HCC  has  grown  dramatically  and  today  serves' 
more  than  2,500  students  m  more  than  33  program  areas,  as  well  as  6,200  other! 

I 


I 


736 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

Students  through  continuing  education  programs.  With  the  establishment  of  a  two- 
year  college  transfer  program,  the  name  Halifax  Community  College  became  effective 
in  July  of  1976. 

I  The  campus  is  located  on  a  109-acre  site  on  N.C.  Highway  158  in  Weldon, 

less  than  a  mile  east  of  Interstate  95.  The  colleges  service  area  includes  all  of  Halifax 
County  and  portions  of  Northampton  and  Warren  counties.  HCCs  physical  plant 
currently  contains  approximately  175,000  square  feet  of  floor  space. 

Demographics  classify  HCCs  ser\ice  area  as  primarily  rural  with  agriculture  as 

■  a  strong  influence.  HaUfax  Community  College  ser\^es  a  population  of  more  than 

'  41,218  individuals  18  years  of  age  and  older.  In  recent  years,  several  large  industries 

have  moved  into  the  area  to  join  a  large  textile  industr)'  and  a  paper  company  in 

j  varying  the  economic  base. 

I  Scenic  attractions  in  the  area  include  Lake  Gaston,  a  20,000-acre  freshwater 
lake  ideal  for  fishing  and  recreation;  Historic  Halifax,  where  the  famous  Halifax 
Resolves  set  in  motion  the  march  to  freedom  that  culminated  m  the  Declaration  of 
Independence;  and  Medoc  Mountain  State  Park,  which  provides  2,300  acres  of 

\  family  enjoyment. 

Halifax  Community  College's  campus  includes  six  major  buildings.  The 
administrative  building  houses  classrooms,  offices,  computer  laboratories,  a  150- 
seat  auditorium  and  a  distance  learning  center.  The  library  provides  study  and  research 
networking  through  CCLINC,  the  state  library  automation  center,  and  also  maintains 
the  Learning  Assistance  Center,  providing  academic,  technical  and  instructional 
support  for  students,  faculty  and  staff.  The  Continuing  Education  Center  houses 
the  Small  Business  Center,  vocational  shops  and  bays  for  industrial  training, 
classrooms,  offices  and  a  large  multi-purpose  auditorium.  The  Student/Nursing 
Education  Center  is  headquarters  for  one-stop  student  admissions,  including 
financial  assistance,  counseling,  the  JobLink  Career  Satellitew  Center,  a  bookstore, 
a  student  lounge  and  classrooms  for  nursing  education.  A  state-of-the-art,  25,000 
square-foot  Science/Literacy  Education  Center  houses  classrooms,  laboratories  and 
offices  for  science  education  and  medical  laboratory  technology,  as  well  as  literacy 
education.  The  college  recently  completed  construction  of  a  16,000  square-foot 
child  care/classroom  building  to  meet  its  growing  needs. 

Haywood  Community  College 

Clyde,  N.C. 

Haywood  Community  College  (HCC)  began  operation  in  August,  1965,  as 
Haywood  Industrial  Education  Center  with  one  curriculum  program  and  1 5  students, 
loday  HCC  is  a  fully-accredited  community  college  offering  34  curriculum  programs 
m  a  wide  range  of  career  options  to  1,000.  In  addition  to  curriculum  programs,  the 
college  schedules  a  large  number  of  classes  through  its  Continuing  Education 


737 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Division,  iiuiucimg  adult  basic  education,  occupational  extension  and  arts  and  crafts 
classes. 

Located  near  Clyde,  the  campus  includes  a  47,000  square-foot  Student  Center, 
the  Regional  High  Technology  Center  with  Us  state-of-the-art  eciuipment,  the 
Cosmetology  Building,  a  fully-operational  saw  mill  and  other  modern,  well-equipped 
educational  facilities.  The  campus  also  contains  the  Raymand  Fowler  Teaching  Forest, 
a  320-acre  tract  of  land  characterized  by  widely-dispersed  rhododendron,  wildflowers 
and  fern  habitats  amidst  diverse  timber.  The  land  is  used  as  an  educational  forest 
for  fiCC  students  enrolled  m  agricultural/biological  programs.  Most  facilities  are 
located  on  the  beautiful  83-acre  campus,  acc[uired  m  1972  through  a  generous  \ 
donation  by  local  industrialist  A.L.  Freedlander  and  individual  contributions  from  , 
Haywood  County  residents  and  the  local  governing  boards.  Taking  its  stewardship  ] 
of  this  land  as  a  special  trust,  the  college  has  maintained  an  impressive  beautification  , 
and  landscaping  program  on  campus  trom  the  beginning. 

HCC  takes  pride  m  its  history  and  reputation  of  marked  service  to  the  community, 
to  the  region  and  to  the  students  who  enroll  there.  With  this  solid  base  on  which  to 
build,  the  college  strives  to  be  alive  to  the  present  and  alert  to  the  future  as  it  constantly 
seeks  to  update,  improve  and  adapt  its  programs  and  services  to  the  educational 
needs  of  the  people. 

Isothermal  Community  College 

SpindaleyN.C. 

Isothermal  Community  College  is  a  comprehensive,  two-year  institution  ' 
providing  appropriate,  economical  and  convenient  learning  opportunities  tor  the 
people  of  Rutherford  and  Polk  counties  and  surrounding  areas.  The  college  provides 
college  classes  in  applied  sciences  and  technology,  arts  and  sciences  and  business  i 
sciences  leading  to  certihcates,  diplomas  and  associate  degrees.  In  additic^n.  Isothermal  ' 
offers  continuing  education  classes,  small  business  programs,  customized  training  i 
and  development,  cultural  activities  and  enrichment  opportunities.  , 

In  the  fall  of  1998,  1,882  students  enrolled  m  curriculum  classes  and  182  ' 
graduated  m  1998-99  with  certihcates,  diplomas  and  two-year  degrees.  The  ■ 
institution  is  accredited  to  award  associate  degrees  by  the  Commission  on  Colleges 
of  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools.  The  college  continuing  , 
education  program  enrolled  12,640  students  m  1999.  The  literact  program  awarded  ■ 
77  Adult  High  School  diplomas  and  157  GFDs  m  1997-98.  i 

Isothermal  Community  Colleges  132-acre  main  campus  is  located  at  286  ICC 
Loop  Rd.  on  U.S.  Highway  74-A  Bypass  in  Spmdale.  The  campus  features  an  11-  ! 
acre  lake  Imogene  and  15  buildings,  including  the  Foundation:  A  Center  for  Learning  i 


738 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

and  the  Arts,  which  opened  in  1999.  The  college  library,  which  contains  37,823 
j  volumes,  served  37,700  users  (many  repeat  users)  in  1998-99.  An  11-acre  satellite 
j  campus  m  Polk  County  features  a  beautiful,  state-of-the-art  facility  opened  in  early 
\  1989  -  and  expanded  m  1999  —  in  Columbus,  just  a  short  drive  from  the  main 
;  campus. 

j  Chartered  October  1,  1964,  by  the  State  Board  of  Education  and  named 
'  Isothermal  Community  College  on  November  23,  1964,  because  of  its  location  in 
the  Isothermal  Belt,  the  college  is  an  open-door  mstitution  that  has  committed  to 
I  becoming  a  learning-centered  institution.  This  carefully-considered  change  builds 
:  upon  strong  values  of  the  core  of  the  college  while  propelling  it  forward  to  better 
',  meet  the  unique  and  changing  needs  of  its  students. 
j 

James  Sprunt  Community  College 

KenansuUle,  N.C. 

James  Sprunt  Community  College  originated  in  1960  as  the  Duplin  County 

Unit  of  the  Goldsboro  Industrial  Education  Center.  In  1964,  the  institution  was 

!  named  James  Sprunt  Institute  m  honor  of  Dr.  James  Sprunt,  a  celebrated  Civil  War 

■  chaplain  and  an  educator  who  was  headmaster  of  an  earlier  school  named  after  him 

'  m  1845. 

Students  choose  from  one  and  two-year  degree  programs,  ranging  from  welding 
.  and  advertising  and  graphic  design  to  nursing  and  college  transfer.  James  Sprunt 
'  Community  College  is  located  in  southeastern  North  Carolina  in  historic  Kenansville, 
j  the  county  seat  of  Duplin  County.  Duplin  County  is  known  as  the  leading  producer 
^  of  agricultural  products  in  the  state  and  was  the  first  community  college  east  of  the 
I  Mississippi  to  offer  a  program  m  Swine  Management  Technology.  The  institution 
'  has  a  53-acre  campus  with  five  buildings  that  house  administrative  offices, 
classrooms,  laboratories,  industrial  shops  and  a  300-seat  auditorium.  The  newest 
building  on  campus,  completed  in  1998,  features  a  new  11,000  square-foot  library. 


Johnston  Community  College 

SmithfieHN.C 

In  September,  1969,  Johnston  Community  College  (JCC)  (at  that  time  Johnston 
County  Technical  Institute)  offered  its  first  occupational  and  adult  educational  courses 
at  the  former  Forest  Hill  High  School  located  on  U.S.  Highway  301  South  near  the 
town  of  Four  Oaks.  The  first  night  a  total  of  659  adults  enrolled  in  29  classes. 
During  1998-99,  the  college  served  4,000  students  in  39  curriculum  programs 
ranging  from  medical  sonography  to  truck  driver  training. 

In  the  fall  of  1976,  the  college  moved  to  its  present  campus  located  near  the 
center  of  Johnston  County  at  the  intersection  of  Interstate  95  and  U.S.  Highway  70, 
just  east  of  Smithfield  (population:  10,706).  Smithfield,  chartered  in  1777,  is  a 


739 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

major  eastern  North  Carolina  tobacco  market.  In  August,  1987,  the  name  of  the   |J 
institution  was  oinciahy  changed  h'om  Johnston  Technical  College  to  Johnston 
Community  College. 

Johnston  Communitx'  College  has  a  134-acre  campus  with  11  buildings.  In 
mid- 1989,  construction  was  completed  on  a  new  Learntng  Resource  Center  and 
the  1,000-seat  Paul  A.  Johnston  Audttonum,  to  be  used  by  the  college  and  the 
community.  Construction  of  the  auditorium  was  made  possible  through 
contributions  from  a  county-wide  fundraismg  campaign.  First  known  as  the  Johnston 
Community  College  Arts  and  Learning  Center,  the  facility  was  formally  dedicated 
on  August  20,  1989,  the  colleges  20th  anniversary  In  1995,  the  colleges  trustees 
voted  to  change  the  name  to  the  John  L.  Tart  Arts  and  Learning  Center  m  honor  of 
the  colleges  first  president  and  his  inspiration  m  the  development  ol  the  tacility 

Also  m  1995,  Johnston  County  College  Trustee  Rudolph  Howell  donated  over 
2,500  acres  of  woodlands  located  m  Bentonville  Township  to  the  college.  Designated 
the  Rudolph  Howell  and  Son  Environmental  Learning  and  Conference  Center,  the 
area  is  being  developed  into  a  community-based  educational  resource.  Construction 
was  completed  in  early  1998  on  a  facility  which  houses  a  classroom,  stall  ofhces 
and  meeting  area.  Construction  of  a  pond  and  walking  trails  are  scheduled  as  lunds 
allow. 

Johnston  County  Community  Colleges  Cleveland  campus  offered  its  first  classes 
in  May,  1996.  This  JCC  branch  campus  features  modern  classrooms  and  a  state-of- 
the-art  computer  lab,  m  addition  to  a  community  meeting  hall.  The  lacility  makes 
educational  opportunities  more  accessible  to  the  fast-grov.ing  populace  of  western 
Johnston  County.  Classes  are  offered  according  to  community  needs. 

Also  m  1996,  a  group  of  JCC  and  Cooperative  Extension  personnel,  local  nurser)' 
owners,  landscapers,  arborists  and  other  interested  persons  met  to  pursue  the  idea 
of  developing  an  arboretum  for  the  Johnston  County  community  A  site  was  chosen 
on  the  Johnston  Community  College  campus  just  olf  U.S.  70  East  Business. 
Construction  was  completed  m  late  1999  on  a  facility  that  will  house  potting  rooms, 
a  classroom/meeting  room  and  staff/storage  areas.  Construction  will  continue  as 
funds  allow. 

Construction  was  completed  in  early  1998  on  a  new  Allied  Health  and  Science 
Building  and  classes  were  held  m  the  facility  for  the  first  time  m  the  fall  ol  1999. 
The  37,000  square-foot  structure  houses  the  colleges  nursing,  radiography,  medical 
sonography  and  early  childhood  programs.  A  preschool  facility  seizing  students, 
faculty,  staff  and  the  public,  when  space  permits,  neighbors  the  Early  Childhood 
classroom.  ' 

In  August,  1998,  Dr.  John  Tart  retired  afier  29  years  of  outstanding  service  as  '. 
president  of  the  college.  Dr.  Donald  L.  Reichard,  formerly  president  of  James  Sprunt 
Community  College  m  Kenansville,  was  selected  to  lead  Johnston  County  into  the  . 


740 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

new  millennium.  In  August,  1999,  Johnston  Community  College  celebrated  30 
years  of  educational  excellence. 

Lenoir  Community  College 

Klnston,N,C. 

Lenon-  Community  College  (LCC)  is  a  thriving,  educational  community  of 
approximately  195  full-time  employees,  more  than  400  part-time  employees, 
approximately  2,000  students  m  curriculum  programs  and  more  than  10,000  in 
continuing  education.  Celebrating  more  than  40  years  of  building  futures,  LCC 
was  chartered  m  1958  as  one  of  the  original  Industrial  Education  Centers.  The 
college  soon  became  a  focal  point  for  development  of  other  institutions  in  a  six- 
county  area.  As  one  of  the  original  colleges  in  the  states  community  college  system, 
LCC  continues  building  on  its  past  and  the  idea  that  education  is  a  lifelong  process. 
LCC  stands  for  excellence  and  achievement.  Its  graduates  have  distinguished 
themselves  in  many  academic  and  professional  fields. 

Situated  on  an  86-acre  campus  in  Kinston,  the  college  serves  people  in  Lenoir, 
Jones  and  Greene  counties.  Centers  are  located  in  Snow  Hill  (Greene  County)  and 
Trenton  (Jones  County),  La  Grange  and  at  the  Kinston  Regional  Jetport.  LCC  also 
offers  educational  programs  at  Eastern  Correctionall  Institution  in  Maury. 

The  faculty,  staff  and  administration  have  a  strong  sense  of  mission  to  train  the 
workforce  of  Lenoir,  Jones  and  Greene  counties.  Students  are  the  focus  of  LCC. 
The  college  has  committed  itself  by  purpose,  resources  and  a  caring  faculty  and 
staff  to  provide  quality  instruction  for  many  personal  and  career  needs.  This  is 
evidenced  by  the  variety  of  degree,  diploma,  certificate  and  continuing  education 
programs,  in  addition  to  basic  education,  business  and  industry  support  for 
community  ser\ice  programs.  LCC  offers  50  programs  leading  to  associate  degrees, 
diplomas  and  certificates.  LCC  is  challenged  to  assume  an  increasingly  active  role 
m  promoting  the  economic  development  and  quality  of  Ufe  in  the  communities  it 
serves  and  the  surrounding  areas. 

Martin  Community  College 

Williamston,  N.  C. 

Martin  Community  College  was  initially  authorized  as  a  technical  institute  by 
the  General  Assembly  in  1967.  Under  a  contractual  agreement  with  the  Martin  County 
Board  of  Education,  extension  courses  were  first  offered  during  the  summer  of 
1968  and  curriculum  programs  were  added  in  the  fall  of  1969.  The  original  institute 
was  housed  m  an  old  public  school  facility  in  Everetts. 

EoUowing  a  successful  countywide  election  in  June,  1969,  the  college  obtained 
independent  status  and  was  subsequently  granted  community  college  status  in  June 


741 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

1975.  The  name  ol  ihe  insmulion  was  officially  changed  to  Manm  Community 
College  in  1976. 

In  1971,  the  main  campus  was  moved  to  a  65-acre  tract  at  the  intersection  of 
Kehukee  Park  Road  and  U.S.  Highway  64,  one  mile  west  of  Williamston.  The 
initial  instructional  buildings  of  the  new  campus  were  completed  m  May,  1971. 
The  campus  complex  includes  eight  buildings  housing  210,295  sc(uare  feet.  The 
campus  physical  plant  includes  instructional  and  laboraton,'  facilities,  an  auditorium, 
bookstore,  cafeteria,  vocational  shops,  child  care  center.  Information  Highway 
Auditorium  and  the  Martin  Arena  Equme  Facility  The  Learning  Resources  Center 
houses  more  than  30,250  volumes,  a  print  shop  and  genealogy/local  history  area, 
as  well  as  a  special  collection  of  North  Carolina  materials.  Martin  Community 
College  serves  three  counties  from  the  mam  campus  m  Williamston  and  branch 
campuses  m  Windsor  (Bertie  County),  Plymouth  and  Roper  (Washington  County). 

Mayland  Community  College 

SprucePine,  N.C. 

Mayland  Technical  Institute  (MTI)  was  approved  by  the  1971  session  of  the 
General  Assembly  of  North  Carolina  upon  the  recommendation  oi  the  N.C.  Board 
of  Education,  the  Advisory  Budget  Commission  and  the  governor.  MTI  began 
operation  m  September,  1971,  in  the  board  room  of  Northwestern  Bank  m  Spruce 
Pine.  The  institution  was  formally  renamed  Mayland  Technical  College  in  December, 
1979,  and  Mayland  Community  College  m  1988. 

MCC  is  located  m  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  of  western  North  Carolina  on  the 
Avery/Mitchell  County  line  near  the  town  of  Spruce  Pine.  It  is  chartered  to  serve 
Mitchell,  Avery  and  Yancey  counties  (hence  the  name,  ''May"Iand).  The  college  has 
a  41 -acre  campus  with  eight  buildings,  including  a  vocational  laboratory,  auto  body 
repair  shop,  welding  shop,  public  safety  building,  student  commons/learning 
resource  center,  administration  building  and  the  Phillips-Gwaltney  Child 
Development  Center.  Opened  m  the  spring  of  1997,  the  Samuel  L.  Phillips  Center 
for  Business  and  Technology  features  modern  computer  labs  and  classrooms,  a 
250-seat  auditorium  and  an  electronic  classroom  connected  to  the  N.C.  Information 
Highway  for  distance  education.  The  college  operates  two  satellite  campuses  in 
Avery  and  Yancey  counties. 

From  September,  1971,  to  August,  1972,  Mayland  Community  College  offered 
courses  in  continuing  education  only.  In  the  fall  quarter  ot  1972,  80  students  enrolled 
m  four  curriculum  programs.  By  the  fall  semester  of  1999,  828  students  were 
enrolled  in  24  curriculum  programs.  MCC  currently  offers  adult  basic  education 
(ABE)  courses  and  testing  for  the  general  education  development  (GED)  diploma. 
In  1995-96,  a  total  of  1,063  students  were  enrolled  m  ABE/GED  courses. 


742 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

McDowell  Technical  Community  College 

Marion,  N.C. 

McDowell  Technical  Community  College  (MTCC)  was  established  m  1964  as 
the  Marion-McDowell  Industrial  Education  Center.  The  center,  located  in  downtown 
Marion  at  the  corner  of  State  and  South  Garden  streets,  operated  as  a  satellite  unit  of 
Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Institute. 

In  1967,  the  school  became  an  independent  unit  of  the  Department  of 
Community  Colleges.  A  board  of  trustees  was  sworn  m,  giving  the  college  local 
autonomy.  As  enrollment  at  the  college  grew,  space  problems  became  more  pressing. 
Finally,  in  1970,  the  college  moved  to  its  present  permanent  faciUties  on  a  31-acre 
site  at  the  intersection  of  Interstate  40  and  U.S.  Highway  226  in  Marion. 

The  college  became  McDowell  Technical  Institute  in  1971  when  the  N.C.  General 
Assembly  officially  chartered  it  as  an  independent  institution.  In  1975,  the  college 
added  39,322  square  feet  to  the  existing  campus.  Expansion  included  a  500-seat 
amphitheater.  Learning  Resource  Center,  223-seat  teaching  auditorium,  permanent 
administration  offices,  a  campus  bookstore,  classrooms  and  an  expanded  student 
commons  area.  In  1979,  the  N.C.  General  Assembly  enacted  a  bill  to  change 
McDowell  Technical  Institutes  name  to  McDowell  Technical  College. 

Robert  M.  Boggs  succeeded  John  A.  Price  as  President  in  1984,  becoming  the 
college's  second  chief  administrator.  The  college  undertook  a  major  county  bond 
campaign  for  the  addition  of  new  faciUties.  A  32,000  square-foot  Industrial  Skills 
Center  houses  special  industrial  skills  training  and  class/lab  areas.  The  Day  Care/ 
Classroom  Building  houses  a  day-care  area  for  children  of  MTCC  students, 
continuing  education  classrooms  and  ofhces,  a  teaching  auditorium  and  faculty 
offtces. 

In  1988  the  school  changed  its  name  to  McDowell  Technical  Community 
College.  During  that  same  year,  the  MTCC  Small  Business  Center  was  funded  and 
established  to  provide  educational  opportunities  and  financial  assistance  to  small 
businesses  in  McDowell  County.  In  1989  the  college  began  offering  continuing 
education  classes  in  the  MTCC  Downtown  Center.  The  Downtown  Center  currently 
offers  students  a  wide  range  of  educational  opportunities,  including  adult  basic 
education,  tutoring,  English  as  a  second  language,  S.A.T.  preparation,  foreign 
language  studies  and  literacy  training.  More  than  a  dozen  nationalities  are  represented 
by  the  students  who  study  at  the  Downtown  Center. 

The  MTCC  Career  Center  was  established  in  1988,  providing  students  with 
information  and  help  in  choosing  careers.  A  series  of  computerized  personality  and 
aptitude  tests  are  given  to  students  who  are  unsure  of  career  decisions.  The  Career 
Center  staff  administers  to  students  with  learning  disabilities  and  physical  handicaps 
as  well.  The  Career  Center  also  supervises  an  innovative  peer  tutoring  program  in 
which  students  are  paid  to  tutor  other  students,  to  whom  the  service  is  free.  In 

743 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

1996,  MCC  ec[Uippcd  one  classroom  so  ihal  classes  could  be  held  on  the  Norih 
Carolina  Information  Highway.  MTCC  is  currently  offering  a  variety  of  classes  and 
meetings  through  this  new  interactive  technology  that  allows  participants  to  interact 
through  \'ideo  and  audio  in  real  time  with  participants  in  other  Information  Highway 
classrooms  across  the  state.  McDowell  Technical  Community  College  currentK' 
enrolls  approximately  1,000  students  m  curriculum  programs  each  quarter  and 
approximately  twice  that  number  m  continuing  education  programs. 

Mitchell  Community  College 

Statesville,N.C. 

The  institution  dates  back  to  1852  when  the  Presbyteiy  of  Concord  decided  to 
establish  an  educational  institution  m  western  North  Carolina  for  females.  A 
windstorm  m  1855  destroyed  the  nearly-completed  structure,  but  it  was  rel^uilt 
and  opened  m  1856  with  122  students.  An  additional  setback  came  m  1857  when 
a  measles  epidemic  forced  the  first  year  of  operation  to  a  premature  close. 

Between  1871  and  1917,  the  name  of  the  college  changed  three  times:  Simonton  i 
Female  College  (1871),  Statesville  Female  College  (1883)  and  Mitchell  College 
(1917).  Mitchell  College  produced  its  first  junior  college  graduate  m  1924  and 
became  co-educational  in  1932  when  five  men  enrolled.  The  Southern  Association 
of  Colleges  and  Schools  granted  accreditation  m  1955  and,  m  1959,  the  Mitchell 
College  Foundation  received  the  property  deed  from  Concord  Presbytery. 

Through  legislative  action,  Mitchell  became  the  57th  community  N.C. 
Community  College  System  institution  on  July  1,  1973,  and  the  only  private 
institution  ever  to  be  admitted  to  the  North  Carolina  Community  College  System. 
Equality  of  educational  opportunities  and  active  recruitment  of  minority  students 

continues  to  be  an  important  goal  of  the  institution.  ■ 

f 

Montgomery  Technical  College 

Trryy.N.C. 

The  N.C.  Board  of  Education  issued  a  charter  to  Montgomery  Technical  Institute 
on  September  7,  1967.  Eight  members  were  appointed  to  the  institutes  board  of  , 
trustees.  Administrative  and  teaching  personnel  were  hired  m  November,  1967. 
Extension  classes  began  m  1967-68  and  full-time  curriculum  students  were  accepted  : 
in  August,  1968.  The  institution  graduated  its  first  students  in  June,  1969.  Adult  i 
basic  education  and  adult  high  school  diploma  programs  began  m  October,  1968. 
In  June,  1968,  Montgomery  Technical  Institute  occupied  temporary  space  m  a 
building  on  Page  Street  in  Troy  The  N.C.  Board  of  Education  chartered  the  school  ' 
as  a  technical  institution  m  1971.  Four  more  members  were  appointed  to  the  board  ! 
of  trustees  by  the  Governor  of  North  Carolina  according  to  state  law  in  December,  ; 
1971. 


744 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

In  October,  1975,  voters  in  Montgomery  County  approved  a  bond  issue 
authorizing  the  construction  of  a  new  campus  of  64,000  square-feet  on  a  149-acre 
tract.  Montgomer}^  Technical  Institute  became  Montgomery  Technical  College  in 
January,  1983,  and  Montgomery  Community  College  in  1987. 

The  colleges  campus,  nestled  in  the  Uvv'harrie  Mountains  near  the  geographic 
center  of  the  state,  now  totals  118,000  square-feet  of  space  on  153  acres  of  land. 
The  campus  houses  a  udde  variety  of  continuing  education  programs,  in  addition 
to  a  full  range  of  associate  degree,  diploma  and  certiftcate  options,  incuding  both 
Associate  m  Arts  and  Associate  in  Science  college  transfer  degrees. 

Nash  Community  College 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C. 

Nash  Community  College  was  founded  in  1967  and  is  a  public,  two-year  post- 
secondary  educational  institution  with  an  open-door  admissions  policy  Its  mission 
is  to  provide  adults  in  the  Nash  County  service  area  with  quality  and  convenient 
learning  opportunities  consistent  with  identified  student  and  community  needs. 
Almost  12,000  citizens  from  the  Nash/Rocky  Mount  area  enrolled  m  Nash 
Community  College  during  the  1998-99  school  year. 

The  college  is  located  on  77  acres  midway  between  Nashville  and  Rocky  Mount, 

I  less  than  a  mile  off  U.S.  Highway  64  Bypass  and  Interstate  95.  While  its  primar)' 

I  service  area  is  Nash  County,  its  location  enables  enrollment  of  students  from  the 

'  surrounding  counties  of  Franklin,  Wake,  Wilson  and  Halifax.  Seven  modern 

buildings,  including  a  new  48,000  square-foot  business  and  industr}^  center  and  a 

child  development  center,  comprise  the  spacious  campus. 
\ 
j        As  a  comprehensive  community  college,  Nash  Community  College  offers  over 

'  30  academic  programs,  many  of  which  lead  to  a  degree,  diploma  or  certificate. 

Included  are  two-year  technical  and  college  transfer  programs  that  give  students  the 

(:  knowledge  and  expertise  required  for  challenging  careers  or  successful  transfers  to 

i  four-year  colleges  or  universities.  Vocational,  occupational  and  business  and  industry 

I  programs  prepare  students  for  jobs  and  produce  a  skilled  work  force  for  the  area. 

Ii  In  addition,  a  wide  range  of  literacy  and  community  serxdce  programs  are  available 

i  to  meet  the  diverse  needs  of  the  citizens  of  Nash  County  and  the  surrounding  area. 

N.C.  Center  for  Applied  Textile  Technology 

Belmont,N.C. 

The  North  Carolina  Center  for  Applied  Textile  Technology  was  founded  in 
1941  by  act  of  the  N.C.  General  Assembly  Thanks  to  the  generous  support  of 
Gaston  County's  textile  industry,  the  center  opened  on  its  20-acre  campus  in  Belmont 
m  1943.  Situated  in  the  heart  of  the  Southern  textile  industry,  the  center  offered 
instruction  within  three  departments.  As  industrial  technology  grew,  the  center  kept 


745 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

pace  with  expanded  laciliUes,  updated  equipment  and  additional  programs  ol 
instruction. 

At  present,  a  total  o^  seven  departments  oficr  instruction  m  all  aspects  ol  textile 
science,  utilizing  spacious  classrooms  and  well-equipped  laboratories.  Each  of  these 
laboratories  boasts  a  selection  o(  full-scale  production  machinery  rivaling  that  of 
any  textile  school  m  the  nation.  The  center  is  governed  by  a  board  ot  trustees 
composed  of  nine  members  appointed  by  the  governor  and  the  president  of  the 
North  Carolina  Community  College  System.  Since  its  inception,  the  N.C.  Center 
for  Applied  Textile  Technology  has  endeavored  to  serve  industry  and  those  employed 
by  it.  It  has  proudly  prox'ided  more  than  4,000  graduates  with  the  skills  needed  to 
improve  their  performance,  both  on  the  job  and  m  their  personal  lives. 

Pamlico  Community  College 

Grantshoro,  N.C. 

Pamlico  Technical  College  was  originally  established  as  a  unit  of  the  Lenoir 
Industrial  Education  Center  on  July  1,  1962,  then  chartered  as  a  technical  institute 
on  July  1,  1971.  The  colleges  name  changed  m  July  1979,  to  Pamlico  Technical 
College  and  to  Pamlico  Community  College  (PCC)  m  1987. 

In  the  beginning,  there  was  only  one  full-time  curriculum  program  and  an 
enrollment  of  approximately  200  m  continuing  education  classes,  which  were  held 
in  a  one-classroom,  one-lab  building  located  at  Pamlico  County  High  School.  For 
the  past  several  years,  PCC  has  annually  enrolled  an  average  ot  19  percent  ot  the 
area  population  m  either  curriculum  or  continuing  education  programs. 

The  campus  is  located  in  a  totall)'  rural  setting  between  Grantsboro  and  Arapahoe. 
The  area  is  noted  for  summer  camps  and  sailing.  Summer  visitors  tmd  plenty  of 
access  for  water  sports  and  fishing.  Pamlico  Community  College  has  a  44-acre 
campus  with  a  single  40,000  square-foot  building  constructed  m  1976.  The 
institutions  library  houses  16,175  volumes. 

Piedmont  Community  College 

Roxboix),  N.C. 

Person  County  Technical  Institute  began  operation  on  July  1,  1970.  The  name 
of  the  institution  changed  to  Piedmont  Technical  Institute  m  1971.  In  November 
of  1974,  the  voters  of  Person  County  supported  the  institution  by  overwhelmingly 
passing  a  $2.5  million  bond  issue  for  new  facilities.  On  October  1,  1979,  the 
institution  officially  changed  its  name  to  Piedmont  Technical  College.  Its  178-acre 
campus  IS  located  in  Ro.xboro  (population:  30,180).  A  15-acre  satellite  campus 
semng  Caswell  County  (population:  20,693)  opened  in  1987  and  is  located  adjacent 
to  Bartlett  Yancey  High  School  m  Yancey\'ille.  The  name  of  the  institution  changed 
to  Piedmont  Community  College  effective  January  1,  1988.  Piedmont  Community 


746 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

College  is  within  easy  dri\ing  distance  of  many  major  cities  and  historic  and  resort 
areas.  Area  residents  and  tourists  may  enjoy  picnicking,  fishing,  camping  and  water 
sports  at  two  major  lakes. 

The  108,400  square-foot  Person  County  Campus  includes  10  buildings.  These 
facilities  include  44  lecture  classrooms,  15  shops  and  labs,  a  library  learning  center, 
campus  center,  counseling  center,  teaching  auditorium,  recreation  laboratory  and  a 
skills  trainmg  center.  The  Management  Development  Center  and  Timberlake  Art 
Caller)'  were  dedicated  in  1987.  A  1993  statewide  Community  College  Bond  Issue 
provided  funds  for  construction  of  a  Classroom/Faculty  Office  Building  on  the 
Person  County  Campus  and  an  addition  to  the  Caswell  County  Campus  bringing 
its  total  space  to  approximately  26,300  square  feet.  The  college  has  served  Person 
County  since  1970  and  Caswell  County  since  1985. 

Pitt  Community  College 

Greenville,  N.C. 

Pitt  Community  College  (PCC)  is  a  comprehensive,  public  two-year  educational 
institution  serving  adult  citizens  of  Pitt  County  and  is  a  member  of  the  North  Carolina 
Community  College  System.  The  college  provides  high-quality  programs  and 
services  to  enhance  the  economic  and  work  force  development  of  Pitt  County.  The 
college  strives  to  enable  students  to  achieve  their  potential,  contribute  to  the  quality 
of  life  of  the  community  and  engage  in  life-long  learning. 

Pitt  Community  College  was  chartered  as  an  Industrial  Education  Center  m 
1961.  It  was  designated  a  technical  institute  in  1964  and  a  community  college  in 
1979.  Ninety  students  enrolled  in  Pitt's  six  lEC  programs  m  1961.  PCC  currently 
serv'es  over  7,000  students  in  56  curriculum  programs  and  more  than  9,000  students 
in  continuing  education  programs.  PCC  pro\ides  educational  programs  and  services 
to  one  out  of  every  six  adults  in  Pitt  County. 

The  college  is  located  on  170  acres  just  south  of  the  Greenville  city  limits.  The 
campus  is  well  knowTi  for  the  Georgian  architecture  of  its  buildings  and  numerous 
pine  trees.  The  college  has  ten  major  buildings  totalling  247,660  square-feet  of 
floor  space.  Planning  is  currently  underway  for  a  new  student  services  building. 

PCC  offers  technical  and  college  transfer  programs  with  associate  degrees, 
diplomas  and  certificates.  During  the  past  decade  the  college  has  developed  a 
specialization  in  allied  health  programs  and  currently  offers  more  health  and  science 
programs  than  any  community  college  in  eastern  North  Carolina,  The  college  is 
also  recognized  for  its  leadership  role  in  distance  education,  with  numerous  classes 
offered  via  the  Internet  and  several  classes  offered  via  the  N.C.  Information  Highway 
with  various  sites  throughout  the  state.  The  college  is  an  active  partner  in  the  Pitt 
County  Tech  Prep  program  and  is  the  site  for  Pitt  County's  JobLink  Center,  a 
countywide  work  force  development  service  that  integrates  numerous  human 


747 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

resource  agencies"  sers'ices  within  one  lacilily  to  provide  one-stop  career  shopping. 
Pitt  Community  College  is  the  sixth  largest  community  college  in  North  Carolina. 
It  operates  with  excellent  articulation  with  East  Carolina  University  and  Pitt  County 
Schools,  as  well  as  pri\'ate  schools.  The  college  is  an  active  partner  m  the  economic 
development  of  Pitt  County  and  eastern  North  Carolina. 

Randolph  Community  College 

Asheborr)^  N.C. 

Randolph  Community  College  (RCC)  began  operation  m  1962  as  Randolph 
Industrial  Education  Center,  a  joint  city-county  industrial  education  center.  The 
college  became  a  member  of  the  N.C.  Community  College  System  in  1963  when 
the  North  Carolina  legislature  established  a  separate  system  of  community  colleges. 

Situated  near  the  geographic  center  of  North  Carolina  m  Asheboro,  Randolph 
Community  College  is  located  at  the  McDowell  Road  Exit  off  U.S.  220  (future  1-73/ 
74)  just  south  of  the  U.S.  64/N.C.  49  interchange.  The  college  is  only  26  miles 
south  of  two  interstate  highways  in  Greensboro,  making  it  accessible  from  all  parts 
of  the  state.  The  college  draws  from  a  population  base  of  just  over  19,000  in 
Asheboro  and  123,000  county-wide. 

RCCs  Asheboro  campus  currently  contains  nine  major  buildings  and  the  college 
is  preparing  to  construct  an  Emergency  Services  Training  Center  located  near  the 
Randolph  County  landfill.  A  satellite  campus,  located  m  Archdale,  includes  a  pnmar)' 
classroom  building  and  metal  shop/laboratory  building  and  senses  residents  m  the 
fast-growing  northwest  corner  of  Randolph  County. 

Randolph  Community  College  currently  offers  30  vocational  and  technical 
degrees,  including  a  college  transfer  program  and  a  comprehensive  continuing 
education  program.  RCC  is  fully-accredited  by  the  Commission  on  Colleges  of  the 
Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools.  Enrollment  in  the  tall  semester  of 
1999  reached  1,939  curriculum  students  and  4,505  continuing  education  students. 

Richmond  Community  College 

Hamlet,  N.C. 

Richmond  Community  College  (RCC)  was  chartered  m  1964  to  provide 
technical  and  vocational  education  opportunities  to  the  citizens  ol  Richmond  and 
Scotland  counties.  In  1987,  RCC  broadened  its  range  of  opportunities  with  the 
addition  of  associate  degrees  that  provided  students  the  freshman  and  sophomore 
curriculum  for  a  four-year  baccalaureate  degree.  Curriculum  enrollment  lor  the  fall 
quarter  of  1995  neared  1,150  students.  Continuing  education  enrollment  exceeded 
2,000  students.  Both  divisions  offer  day  and  night  classes  both  on  and  off  campus. 

The  160-acre  campus,  located  on  U.S.  Highway  74  m  Hamlet,  consists  of  five 
buildings.  The  Hugh  A.  Lee,  Janet  Lindsay-Petris  and  John  E.  Eorte  buildings  are 

748 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

named  in  honor  of  three  original  RCC  trustees.  The  Robert  L.  and  Ehzabeth  S.  Cole 
Community  Auditorium,  dedicated  in  1999,  houses  a  1,000-seat  auditorium  and 
multi-purpose  room  capable  of  seating  300  for  dinner  or  500  for  meetings.  Additional 
classrooms,  labs  and  offices  space  are  provided  for  nursing  and  continuing  education 
classes  at  the  James  Nursing  Building  in  Hamlet,  Scotland  Center  in  Laurinburg 
and  the  Rockingham  Center  in  Rockingham. 

RCCs  focus  on  technology  prepares  the  college  to  meet  the  needs  of  local 
businesses  and  industry  Computers  are  integrated  into  every  curriculum.  Robots, 
PLCs  and  optical  scanners  provide  a  mini-industrial  setting  for  students  in  a  variety 
of  curricula.  These  labs  are  also  used  for  training  industrial  employees  who  need  to 
upgrade  their  skills.  RCC  is  fully-accredited  by  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges 
and  Schools  and  the  N.C.  Board  of  Nursing. 

Roanoke-Chowan  Community  College 

Ahoskie,N.C. 

Roanoke-Chowan  Community  College  was  established  m  1967  to  serve  all  of 
Hertford  County  and  parts  of  Bertie  and  Northampton  counties.  Originally  founded 
as  Roanoke-Chowan  Technical  Institute,  the  institutions  name  changed  to  Roanoke- 
Chowan  Technical  College  m  1981.  The  current  name  was  adopted  in  1987. 

;  Located  on  a  41 -acre  site  outside  the  town  of  Ahoskie  in  Hertford  County  the 
1  original  campus  was  a  former  state  correctional  facility.  Seven  existing  prison 
!  buildings  were  renovated  for  offices  and  classrooms,  with  a  two-story  wooden 
building  erected  in  1969  to  house  additional  classrooms  and  laboratory  spaces  for 
cosmetology,  business  and  architectural  drafting  programs.  Of  the  original  structures, 
only  the  two-story  remains  and  is  in  use  today.  Other  modern  campus  buildings 
include  the  Roberts  H.  Jernigan,  Jr.,  Education  Center,  the  Julian  Pittman  Freeman 
Vocational  Education  Building,  the  John  W  "Jack"  Young,  Jr.,  Center,  and  the  Hugh 
Caullie  Freeland  Industrial  Technology  Training  Center.  Designs  for  a  new  32,500 
square-foot  classroom/student  support  center  were  approved  in  1999  and  occupancy 
is  expected  in  2001 .  Also  on  campus  is  a  seven-acre  arboretum/environmental  science 
outdoor  laboratory  that  was  designated  as  a  Project  WILD  Education  Site  by  the 
N.C.  Wildlife  Resources  Commission  in  1997. 

From  Its  meager  beginning  in  an  old,  abandoned  prison  compound  with  few 
students,  staff  and  offerings,  the  college  grown  significantly.  Approximately  25 
curricular  programs  and  a  wide  array  of  continuing  education  courses  and  programs 
are  now  offered.  Annual  enrollment  runs  between  850  and  950  curricular  students 
and  between  2,000  and  3,000  continuing  education  students.  At  the  May,  1999, 
graduation  exercises,  120  college  degrees  were  awarded  along  with  108  GEDs. 


749 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004  i 

Robeson  Community  College 

LuinberiOTi,  N.  C. 

The  communily  college  movement  expanded  into  Robeson  County  with  the 
establishment  of  Robeson  Technical  Institute  m  1965.  The  institute  was  located  at 
the  Barker  Ten-N4ile  Elenrentar\'  School,  se\'en  miles  north  of  Lumberton.  Twenty  ' 
full-time  curriculum  students  enrolled  the  first  year.  The  college  has  gone  through 
two  name  changes  since  its  beginning  to  its  present  name  of  Robeson  Community 
College  (RCC)  and  it  remains  committed  to  serving  all  sectors  of  the  county  and  | 
surrounding  area  with  vocational/technical  and  continuing  education  programs.       : 

Three  building  phases,  begun  m  1972  and  completed  m  1996,  made  RCC  a 
194,047  square-foot  facility  now  housing  more  than  over  $1.4  million  m  ecjuipment 
and  23  curriculum  programs,  as  well  as  a  variety  of  continuing  education  programs.    [ 

Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and  Schools  accreditation  reafhrmation  was   ' 
received  m  1990  after  two  intense  years  of  concentrated  self-study  Students,  faculty, 
staff  and  the  13-inember  board  of  trustees  Joined  as  a  team  m  bringing  the  self- 
study  to  its  successful  fruition. 

RCCs  commitment  to  its  students  and  the  citizenry  of  Robeson  County  was 
seen  with  the  excellent  reports  of  various  auditing  agencies  m  the  state,  as  well  as 
the  enrollment  of  2,340  curriculum  students  and  9,274  continuing  education 
students.  There  are  145  carefully-selected,  full-time  employees  who  now  serve  RCC, 
almost  25  times  as  many  as  when  the  college  first  opened  its  doors  in  1965.  The  . 
school  employs  250  part-time  personnel. 

Rockingham  Community  College 

WentwoHh,N.C. 

Rockingham  Community  College  is  many  things  to  many  people.  Founded  in 
1963,  the  institution  grew  out  of  local  residents'  desire  to  have  a  two-year  college 
m  the  area.  Voters  appro\'ed  a  bond  issue  and  supplementaiy  tax  tor  construction 
of  the  institution.  For  the  past  37  years,  the  college  has  been  a  center  tor  higher  i 
education,  cultural  enrichment  and  life-long  learning. 

RCC  offers  a  host  of  programs  that  include  horticulture  technology, 
microcomputer  systems  technology,  surgical  technology,  environmental  science 
technology,  nursing  and  college  transfer.  Classes  are  also  offered  on  a  regular  basis 
through  the  colleges  continuing  education  serx'ices.  A  small  business  center  offers 
free  counseling  to  entrepreneurs. 

Located  in  the  heart  of  Rockingham  County,  Rockingham  Communit)'  College 
is  centrally  located  between  Madison,  Mayodan,  Stoneville,  Eden  and  Reidsville. 
The  college  sits  on  274  acres  surrounded  by  stately  pines.  The  campus  boasts  16 
buildings,  including  a  fully-automated  lil')rary,  gymnasium  that  houses  a  state-of- 


750 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

the-art  fitness  center,  the  two-story  Whitcomb  Student  Center,  two  vocational  shop 
buildings,  a  laboratory  building,  a  two-story  classroom  building,  and  the  two- 
story  Technical  Laboratories  Building,  along  with  administration,  maintenance  and 
instructional  storage  buildings.  The  latest  addition  to  the  campus  is  the  Human 
Services  Buildmg,  completed  in  1995. 

Rowan-Cabarrus  Community  College 

SalisburyyN.C. 

Rowan-Cabarrus  Community  College  (RCCC)  opened  its  doors  in  1963  as  an 
Industrial  Education  Center.  In  1964,  the  center  was  designated  Rowan  Technical 
Institute  and  the  name  was  changed  in  1979  to  Rowan  Technical  College.  In  1988, 
the  trustees  of  the  college  voted  to  change  the  name  of  the  institution  to  Rowan- 
Cabarrus  Community  College  to  more  accurately  reflect  the  comprehensive  nature 
of  Its  programs  and  its  service  area. 

I  The  college  has  experienced  considerable  growth  since  1963  and  now  enrolls 
nearly  18,000  citizens  annually.  Today,  Rowan-Cabarrus  Community  College 
prepares  individuals  for  careers  in  nearly  40  programs  of  study  in  business 
technologies,  health  and  public  ser\dces  and  industrial  and  engineering  technologies. 
An  associate  degree  liberal  arts  program  is  also  available  for  those  students  who 
;  intend  to  transfer  to  a  four-year  college  or  university. 

I  RCCCs  North  Campus  is  located  at  the  intersection  of  Jake  Alexander  Boulevard 
land  1-85.  The  college  also  has  a  South  Campus  located  in  Cabarrus  County  at  the 
jjunction  of  1-85,  N.C.  73  and  Trinity  Church  Road.  The  colleges  physical  plant 
I  has  expanded  almost  as  rapidly  as  its  curriculum.  From  a  single  building  designed 
I  especially  for  vocational-technical  training,  the  colleges  North  Campus  in  Salisbury 
(now  consists  of  seven  educational  buildings  containing  215,000  sc[uare  feet.  The 
j South  Campus  in  Cabarrus  County  consists  of  two  buildings  totaling  80,000  square 
feet  of  building  space. 

Sampson  Community  College 

Clinton,N.C. 

Sampson  Community  College  (SCC)  was  established  in  1965  as  an  extension 
ol  Wayne  Community  College.  From  a  small  school  with  10  students  in  the  first 
graduating  class  in  1967,  the  college  has  grown  and  expanded.  Today,  Sampson 
Community  College  is  housed  on  55  acres  in  Clinton,  the  county  seat. 

Agriculture  plays  a  major  role  in  the  economy  of  Clinton  and  Sampson  County 
The  county's  agriculture  is  diversified  with  67  commodities  produced  commercially. 
Gross  farm  income  in  1995  exceeded  $496  milUon.  Sampson  County  is  the  largest 
swine  producer  in  the  world  with  poultry  (mainly  turkeys),  vegetable  crops,  tobacco, 
cotton  and  many  other  crops  contributing  significantly  to  this  income. 


751 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Approximately  6,000  different  citizens  of  this  area  will  enroll  m  at  least  one 
course  at  the  college  this  year  in  literacy,  GED,  technical,  vocational,  college  transfer, 
continuing  education  or  business  and  industry  programs.  Thats  f2%  ot  the  county's 
population,  and  more  than  20%  of  the  county's  entire  worklorce.  SCC  is  a 
comprehensive  community  college  and  is  the  only  post-secondary  institution  m 
Sampson  County  In  addition  to  the  curriculum  classes  offered  on  campus,  SCC 
reaches  all  o\'er  Sampson  County  offering  basic  skills  classes,  business  and  industry 
training,  emergency  medical  semces  training  and  other  continuing  education  classes. 
Sampson  Community  College  celebrated  its  30th  birthday  m  f997. 

Sandhills  Community  College 

Phiehw^N.C. 

Sandhills  Commumt)'  College  (SCC)  was  the  first  comprehensive  community 
college  established  under  the  Community  College  Act  of  1963.  It  was  chartered  on 
December  9  of  that  year  and  began  classes  m  1965  at  nine  locations  scattered 
throughout  downtown  Southern  Pines. 

SCC  IS  located  m  southern  Moore  County  and  is  situated  almost  equally  between 
Southern  Pines,  Pmehurst,  Aberdeen  and  Carthage.  The  area  is  noted  tor  peach 
production,  golf  courses  and  horse  farms  and  is  a  quality  retirement  community 

Sandhills  Commumt)-  College  has  1 1  ma]or  buildings,  forming  a  core  campus 
surrounded  by  long-leaf  pmes.  A  78,000-\'olume  library,  newly-occupied  vocational 
education  building  and  an  o\'erall  environment  conducive  to  academic  excellence 
grace  the  180-acre  campus. 

South  Piedmont  Community  College 

Polkton,N.C 

On  May  19,  1999,  Governor  James  B.  Hunt  signed  a  bill  creating  North  Carolmas 
newest  community  college,  one  which  would  serve  both  Anson  and  Union  counties. 
The  bill,  which  abolished  Anson  Community  College  to  provide  a  charter  tor  the 
new  college,  was  passed  unanimously  by  the  N.C.  Senate  on  April  28,  1999,  and 
with  wide  support  m  the  N.C.  House  on  May  10,  1999.  The  signing  ceremony  was 
the  culmination  of  an  effort  to  provide  Union  County  with  ownership  in  a 
community  college  while  continuing  to  ser\'e  Anson  County. 

On  July  1,  1999,  a  new  board  of  trustees  took  their  oaths,  hired  Dr.  Donald  R 
Altieri,  formerly  president  ot  Anson  Community  College,  to  serx'c  as  president  of 
the  new  institution.  On  August  3,  1999,  with  441  different  names  submitted  by  , 
more  than  800  entrants,  the  trustees  chose  South  Piedmont  Community  College  ; 
(SPCC)  as  the  name  for  the  new  regional  community  college  serving  both  Anson  I 
and  Union  counties.  ! 


752 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

As  a  multi-campus,  single-administration  community  college,  SPCC  operates 
campuses  m  both  Anson  and  Union  counties.  The  East  Campus  is  located  in 
Polkton,  the  West  Campus  m  Monroe.  With  an  enrollment  of  about  1,750,  South 
Piedmont  Community  College  places  learnmg  ftrst  and  educational  experiences  are 
provided  for  learners  any  way,  any  place,  any  time.  Administrators  at  SPCC  recognize 
the  diversity  of  the  student  body  and  make  sure  instruction  is  offered  m  a  variety  of 
session  lengths  and  program  delivery  methods.  The  colleges  fast-track  courses, 
which  pack  a  semesters  class  time  into  eight  weeks  of  extended  classes,  are  proving 
popular.  SPCC's  Weekend  College  makes  it  possible  for  working  adults  to  get  a 
college  degree  by  attending  classes  on  Saturdays  and  Sunday  afternoons.  SPCC  also 
offers  a  full  schedule  of  evening  courses  to  accommodate  students  who  have  families 
and  full-time  jobs  occupying  their  days. 

Distance  learning  offerings  continue  to  grow  and  include  telecourses,  internet 
j  courses  and  \4deo  cassette  courses.  Each  of  these  methods  of  instructional  delivery 
I  allows  students  to  take  classes  at  a  time  convenient  for  them.  In  an  effort  to  foster 
j  distance  learning  across  the  state,  SPCC's  president  led  one  of  four  teams  of 
community  college  personnel  that  worked  to  choose  software  and  develop  a  delivery 
system  to  make  the  North  Carolina  Community  College  Systems  Common  Virtual 
'  Course  Library  a  reality. 

j  SPCC  operates  continuing  education  centers  in  Wadesboro  and  Monroe,  the 
'county  seats  of  Anson  and  Union  counties  respectively.  Programs  include 
occupational  education  and  industry  services,  personal  interest  courses,  human 
resource  development  and  basic  skills.  SPCC  administrators  work  hard  to  adapt  to 
a  fast-growing  and  ever-changing  service  area.  In  addition  to  tailoring  specialized 
training  programs  for  area  industries,  SPCC  has  responded  to  the  enormous  growth 
in  the  Latino  population  by  making  English  as  a  Second  Language  classes  available 
to  all  who  desire  them.  The  college  also  maintains  a  strong  presence  in  our  area's 
high  schools,  where  a  variety  of  college  courses  are  being  taught  through  the  state's 
dual  enrollment  program  for  high  school  students. 

Since  Governor  Hunt  signed  the  bih  creating  South  Piedmont  Community 
College,  the  school  has  made  giant  strides  in  estabUshmg  as  the  community  college 
that  will  meet  the  educational  needs  of  Anson  and  Union  counties  in  the  2  P'  Century. 


753 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Southeastern  Community  College 

Whiteville,N.C. 

In  1964,  SoLUheastern  Community  College  (SCO  set  up  offices  in  the  Powell 
Buildmg  m  WhitcviUe.  The  first  curriculum  classes  were  offered  m  September,  1965, 
in  a  temporary  location  at  Chadbourn  High  School.  The  college  moved  to  its  present 
campus  m  1967.  Southeastern  currently  sen-es  more  than  5,000  students  annually  , 
through  Its  college  transfer,  technical,  vocational,  continuing  education  and  adult 
literacy  programs.  The  college  also  provides  customized  training  and  other  ser\'ices 
for  business  and  industry  as  well  as  educational  and  community  programming  on 
local  cable  television  channels  and  an  annual  performing  arts  series. 

The  campus  is  located  m  Columbus  County  at  4564  Chadbourn  Highway 
between  Whiteville  and  Chadbourn  m  southeastern  North  Carolina  and  about  50 
miles  from  the  Carolina  coast.  The  100-acre  campus  now  has  12  buildings,  including  1 
a  new  nursing  and  allied  health  building  completed  in  1996.  A  challenge  course,  i 
firing  range,  lighted  tennis  courts  and  baseball  fields  augment  the  classrooms  and 
offices.  SCCs  50,300-volume  library  is  available  to  the  community  as  well  as  to  the 
institutions  students,  faculty  and  stafi. 

Columbus,  a  rural  agricultural  county,  covers  an  area  of  938  square  miles  and 
has  a  population  of  51,037.  The  area  is  noted  for  its  tobacco  and  strawberry 
production,  garment  fabrication,  food  processing,  chemical  manufacturing,  wood 
and  wood  products  and  yarn  and  textile  manulacturing. 

Southwestern  Community  College 

Sylva^KC. 

Southwestern  Community  College  was  established  m  Sylva  in  1964  as  the  , 
Jackson  County  Industrial  Education  Center  when  a  class  of  masonry  students  ; 
began  construction  of  its  vocational  building.  The  center  soon  became  a  unit  of  '. 
Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Institute  and  achieved  independent  status  in  the  iall  ■ 
of  1967.  Since  then  the  college  has  grown  from  a  single  building  with  four  curriculum 
courses  to  a  modern  campus  with  six  buildings  totalling  194,728  square  teet.  Today, 
Southwestern  offers  more  than  30  curriculum  programs  ranging  from  traditional 
vocational  programs  such  as  carpentry  and  cosmetology  to  programs  in  health  ^ 
sciences,  computers  and  commercial  art.  The  college  also  has  a  comprehensive 
continuing  education  division.  In  1993,  Southwestern  was  selected  as  the  Western 
Region  Criminal  Justice  Planning  and  Training  Center  to  provide  law  enforcement  : 
training  to  the  westernmost  counties. 

The  college  operates  three  off-campus  centers  in  Swain  County,  Macon  County  I 
and  on  the  Qualla  Boundaiy  m  Cherokee.  The  mam  campus  in  Sylva  is  located  on  j 
a  57-acre  hillside  on  North  Carolina  Highway  116  between  Webster  and  Sylva.  ; 
The  college  is  50  miles  southwest  of  Asheville  and  90  miles  southeast  of  Knoxville,  j 
Tennessee.  I 

i 

754  I 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

With  a  service  area  that  covers  1,534  square  miles  (30  percent  larger  than  Rhode 
Island)  and  a  population  base  of  just  over  63,000,  a  large  challenge  facing  the 
college  is  the  need  to  provide  service  area  residents  with  educational  and  training 
opportunities  comparable  to  those  available  in  much  larger  metropolitan  areas.  One 
of  the  ways  Southwestern  is  meeting  this  challenge  is  through  collaboration  with 
its  fellow  community  colleges.  The  Western  Connection  of  Community  Colleges  is 
a  unique  approach  to  regionalism  in  education  among  Southwestern,  Tri-County 
and  Haywood  community  colleges. 

Stanly  Community  College 

Albemarle,  N.C. 

I  Chartered  m  1971,  Stanly  Community  College  (SCC)  opened  in  temporary 
headquarters  on  the  old  South  Albemarle  High  School  campus  that  same  year.  A 
faculty  of  eight  instructed  classes  in  auto  mechanics,  air-conditioning  and 
;  refrigeration,  secretarial  science,  industrial  management,  brick  masonry  and  business. 
In  hve  months,  the  school  grew  from  31  students  to  almost  400  and  discussions 
began  about  the  possible  construction  of  a  new  campus. 

I        Construction  on  the  new  campus  began  in  1974  and  in  October,  1975,  the 

'Academic/Administration  Building  (now  the  Patterson  Building)  and  the  Vocational 

'Shop  Building  were  completed.  The  latter  structure  has  since  undergone  renovations 

tand  now  houses  the  colleges  student  rec  room,  cafeteria  and  bookstore.  In  the  fall 

lof  1998,  it  was  renamed  the  Webb  Student  Center  in  honor  of  Dr.  H.T.  Webb,  a 

I  long-time  college  trustee.  The  Kelley  Building  —  named  for  Annie  Ruth  Kelley,  first 

[chair  of  the  colleges  board  of  trustees  —  opened  in  1981.  The  college  purchased 

the  1960-era  Industrial  Training  Center  in  1981.  This  facility,  renovated  recently  is 

now  known  as  the  Corporate  and  Professional  Education  Center.  It  presently  houses 

the  colleges  autobody  welding  and  industrial  development  programs,  the  Division 

of  Corporate  and  Professional  Education  and  the  CTC  Small  Business  Development 

iCenter 

i 

'  In  1987  a  new  two-story  classroom  /lab  building  was  completed  to  house  the 
iCoUeges  extensive  allied  health  programs.  The  next  building  on  campus  to  be  built 
■was  a  much-needed  library/classroom  faciUty  Completed  in  early  1996,  the  27,000 
sc|uare-foot  building  houses  SCCs  library  and  TV  studio  facilities  on  the  first  floor 
and  seven  classrooms  and  the  colleges  North  Carolina  Information  Highway  Center 
on  the  second  floor.  These  buildings  now  bear  the  names  of  two  Albemarle  residents 
who  are  long-time  colleges  supporters.  The  Allied  Health  Building  was  renamed 
the  Eddms  Building  in  honor  of  Dr.  George  E.  Eddins,  Jr.  The  Learning  Resources 
Center/Classroom  Building  was  named  the  Snyder  Building  in  honor  of  Edward  J. 
Snyder,  Jr.,  former  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  former  member  of  the 
North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Community  Colleges. 


755 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

The  newest  building  on  campus  was  finished  m  early  1999  and  named  the 
Whitley  Technology  Center  m  honor  of  Elbert  L.  Whitney,  Jr.,  a  member  oi  the 
sec  board  o{  trustees  since  1977  and  chairman  since  1983.  This  10,000  sc[uare- 
foot  facility  is  home  to  six  state-of-the-art  computer  labs  that  allow  the  college  to 
offer  the  latest  technology  courses  and  programs  to  SCC  students. 

Today  the  college  represents  a  $10  million-plus  investment  by  the  citizens  of 
Stanly  County  The  college  serves  over  10,000  students  annually  m  all  types  of 
programs  including  associate  degree,  diploma,  certificate,  general  education, 
occupational  training  and  adult  literacy  Since  its  inception  Stanly  Community  College 
has  served  approximately  225,000  students.  Dr.  Michael  Taylor,  SCCs  third 
president,  foresees  much  growth  for  the  college  during  the  2r'  Century,  especially 
m  the  area  of  distance  learning  methods  for  delivering  education  to  students.  With 
the  tremendous  growth  in  population  m  the  western  part  ol  Stank)'  County,  the 
need  for  post-secondary  educational  opportunities  will  increase  and  SCCs  challenge 
will  be  to  create  ways  to  make  more  courses  and  job  training  available  to  citizens  all 
throughout  Stanly  County  especially  western  Stanly  County 

Surry  Community  College 

Dobson,N.C. 

Receiving  its  charter  m  January  1964,  Surry  Community  College  (SCC)  was 
one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the  North  Carolina  Community  College  System. 
Classes  met  during  the  hrst  two  years  m  rented  and  borrowed  lacilities.  Funds  to 
purchase  the  present  campus  site  m  the  county  seat  ot  Dobson  and  to  construct  the 
first  buildings  came  from  a  $500,000  bond  issue  and  four-cent  tax  authorization 
approved  by  Surry  County  voters  m  March,  1964.  SCC  moved  to  the  new  campus 
m  the  spring  of  1967. 

The  first  programs  offered  were  college  parallel,  business,  secretarial,  drafting, 
agriculture,  electronics,  adult  basic  education  and  high  school  completion.  Various 
non-credit  classes  were  also  available.  Some  vocational  programs  were  postponed 
until  new  facilities  were  completed  in  1967.  SCC  currently  offers  43  programs  and 
options  m  the  degree,  diploma  and  certificate  programs. 

The  college  serves  Surry  and  Yadkin  counties,  with  enrollment  also  from  adjacent 
counties  in  North  Carolina  and  neighboring  Virginia.  The  area  is  noted  tor  its 
mountain  music  and  agriculture,  with  a  good  mix  of  industr)'  (textiles,  apparel  and 
hosiery  plus  granite  products  from  the  largest  open-face  quarry  m  the  world).  Mount 
Airy  is  known  for  its  Autumn  Leaves  Festival  and  is  "Mayberry,"  home  o{  Andy 
Griffith.  Surry  also  has  the  states  only  active  historical  farm,  the  turn-of-the-century 
Home  Creek  Farm,  just  south  of  Pilot  Mountain  State  Park.  Population  centers  in 
the  colleges  service  area,  other  than  Mt.  Airy  include  Elkin,  Pilot  Mountain  and 
Dobson  in  Surry  County  and  Yadkmville,  Booneville  and  East  Bend  in  Yadkin 
County.  Major  corporations  operating  in  the  two-county  area  include  Unifi, 

756 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

Weyerhaeuser,  John  S.  Clark,  Cross  Creek  Apparel,  Spencer's,  Insteel  Industries, 
Renfro,  CMl  Industries,  Wayne  Farms,  Candle  Corporation  of  America,  Sara  Lee, 
Hibco  Plastics,  Indera  Mills  and  others,  making  for  a  favorable  economic  mix. 

Surry  Community  Colleges  100-acre  campus  has  13  buildmgs  valued  at  $19 
million.  A  long-range  campus  plan  projects  nevv^  facilities  mto  the  21st  Century  to 
better  serve  the  college  s  constituency. 

Tri-County  Community  College 

Murphy,  N.C. 

Tri-County  Community  College  began  operations  in  November,  1964,  as  an 
■extension  unit  of  Asheville-Buncombe  Technical  Institute.  In  1967,  the  General 
!  Assembly  approved  a  change  of  name  to  Tri-County  Technical  Institute,  an  indi\idual 
unit  of  the  North  Carolina  Department  of  Community  Colleges.  The  legislature 
approved  a  college  transfer  program  in  1978  for  what  would  now  be  named  Tri- 
County  Community  College. 

'  The  campus  of  Tri-County  Community  College  is  situated  on  75  beautiful 
acres  m  the  mountains  of  western  North  Carolina.  The  college  serv^es  Cherokee, 
Clay  and  Graham  counties.  Currently,  there  are  six  vocational  and  13  technical 
programs  of  study  offered  at  Tri-County  Community  College  in  addition  to  the 
college  transfer  and  continuing  education  programs. 

Vance-Granville  Community  College 

i  Henderson,  N.C. 

\  Vance-Granville  Community  College  (VGCC)  was  chartered  as  Vance  County 
JTechnical  Institute  in  1969  and  offered  technical,  vocational  and  continuing 
'education  courses  to  residents  of  Vance  County  in  a  renovated  hospital  building  in 
jdowntown  Henderson.  In  1972,  Vance  and  Granville  counties  combined  their 
resources  to  support  a  $2  million  bond  referendum  to  construct  a  single  institution 
.for  the  education  of  their  citizens.  The  result  was  the  1976  opening  of  the  new 
I  Vance -Granville  Community  College  campus  on  an  85-acre  tract  in  Vance  County, 
equidistant  between  Henderson  and  Oxford. 

With  this  location  still  serving  as  its  main  campus,  VGCC  has  experienced 
isignificant  progress  in  its  physical  facilities  and  student  enrollment  over  the  years. 
, Because  of  this  phenomenal  growth,  the  colleges  area  was  expanded  in  1978  to 
[serve  not  only  Vance  and  Granville  counties,  but  also  Franklin  and  Warren  counties. 
IToday,  the  main  campus,  with  a  lake  and  picturesque  landscaping,  has  eight 
(permanent  buildings,  including  a  student  services  building,  civic  center  and  a  new, 
124,000  square-foot  classroom/day  care  building  completed  in  the  fall  of  1996. 
Along  with  administrative  and  faculty  ofhces,  auditorium,  student  lounge  and 
learning  resources  center,  these  facihties  provide  more  than  40  classrooms,  nine 


757 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

shops  and  fi\-e  labs  m  which  students  study  and  tram  in  28  curriculum  programs  If 
as  well  as  extension,  industry  services  and  small  business  classes.  h 

Vance-Granville  also  operates  three  satellite  campuses:  South  Campus,  located  i 
between  Butner  and  Creednioor  m  Granville  County;  Warren  County  Campus  m    ) 
Warrenton;  and  Franklin  County  Campus  m  Louisburg.  Situated  on  an  11-acre    1 
tract.  South  Campus  is  a  single-story,  semicircular  structure  housing  classrooms,  j^ 
shops,  ofhces  and  a  reception  area.  An  expansion  completed  m  1999  added  additional  ; . 
classrooms  and  public  services  training  facilities  to  the  satellites.  The  Granville  j: 
County  Library's  South  Branch  occupies  one  section  of  the  complex.  Warren  County  j : 
Campus  is  located  on  the  John  Graham  Middle  School  campus  in  three  one-story  I ; 
buildings  totalling  more  than  14,000  scjuare  feet.  The  campus  boasts  classrooms,  j 
an  ABE/GED  learning/testing  center,  labs,  multi-purpose  shop,  reception  area  and  i  1 
ofhces.  A  new  Eranklm  County  Campus  opened  for  fall  semester  classes  m  /\ugust, 
1998.  The  campus  contains  a  28,000  sc|uare-foot,  two-story  building  with 
classrooms,  labs,  administrative  and  faculty  ofhces  and  a  child  care  center,  along 
with  a  second,  7,000  sc[uare-foot  building  that  houses  vocational  and  shop  studies. 

During  1998-99,  the  college  sewed  more  than  16,000  students  —  one  out  of 
every  seven  eligible  adults  residing  withm  its  service  area.  The  region  served  by 
Vance-Granville  Community  College  is  primarily  agrarian,  but  is  becoming  more 
industrialized  as  the  area  continues  to  attract  a  wide  variety  of  manulactunng  tirms 
and  other  types  ot  businesses. 

Wake  Technical  Community  College 

Raleigh,  N.C 

Wake  Technical  Community  College  was  chartered  in  1958  as  the  Wake  County 
Industrial  Education  Center  (lEC).  It  grew  from  an  lEC  to  a  technical  institute  and, 
in  1987,  was  named  Wake  Technical  Community  College  to  better  reflect  its  college- 
level  instruction.  The  institution  began  operation  m  1963  at  its  present  location 
with  34  full-time  students,  plus  an  additional  270  students  who  were  enrolled  m 
industrial  training  programs.  Today,  Wake  Tech  enrolls  more  than  12,000  curriculum 
students  each  year.  Approximately  33,000  more  take  continuing  education  courses 
for  ]ob  upgrading  or  personal  enhancement.  Wake  Tech  oilers  more  than  700  j 
continuing  education  courses  each  quarter. 

Many  of  Wake  Techs  curriculum  programs  are  taught  on  the  main  campus 
situated  in  Wake  County  eight  miles  south  of  Raleigh.  Health  occupations  programs 
are  taught  at  the  colleges  Health  Sciences  Campus  on  Holston  Lane,  adjacent  to 
Wake  Medical  Center,  one  of  several  facilities  in  the  area  where  students  receive 
clinical  experience.  Combined,  the  main  campus  and  Health  Sciences  Campus  consist 


758 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

of  82  acres  and  have  17  permanent  structures  totalling  290,000  square  feet  of  floor 
space. 

In  August,  1993,  the  college  opened  the  Wake  Technical  Community  College 
News  and  Observer  Adult  Education  Center  at  1920  Capital  Boulevard  in  Raleigh. 
|This  facility  houses  basic  skill  programs  such  as  adult  basic  education,  the  adult 
ihigh  school  diploma  program,  English  as  a  Second  Language  courses  and  GED 
^classes,  as  well  as  the  Small  Business  Center.  Credit  classes  are  also  taught  at  the 
center.  In  addition  to  classroom  and  laboratory  instruction,  students  m  many 
iprograms  receive  hands-on  experience  in  a  business  setting  through  a  cooperative 
jeducation  program. 

Wayne  Community  College 

Goldsboro,  N.C. 

Wayne  Community  College  (WCC)  was  established  as  Goldsboro  Industrial 
Education  Center  on  June  15,  1957.  It  became  Wayne  Technical  Institute  in  1964, 
then  Wayne  Community  College  m  1967.  During  the  early  1960s,  three  extension 
units  of  Goldsboro  lEC  were  established  in  Morehead  City,  Kenansville  and  Clinton. 
These  extensions  later  became  Carteret,  James  Sprunt  and  Sampson  community 
colleges. 

During  1962-63  the  college  offered  its  first  full-time  courses  in  automotive 
mechanics,  electronics,  drafting  and  practical  nursing.  There  were  47  students  and 
eight  faculty  members.  WCC  currently  serves  approximately  9,000  students  per 
year  in  continuing  and  adult  education  classes  and  3,500  students  per  year  in  50 
curriculum  programs. 

Wayne  Community  Colleges  permanent  campus  is  located  north  of  Goldsboro 
at  3000  Wayne  Memorial  Drive.  A  campus  development  project  begun  in  1986  has 
relocated  all  of  the  colleges  operations  to  this  site.  WCC  currently  has  more  than 
300,000  sc[uare  feet  of  classrooms,  labs  and  offices  furnished  with  modern 
equipment  on  the  125-acre  North  Campus.  Aviation  programs  are  located  at  the 
Goldsboro-Wayne  Municipal  Airport. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Western  Piedmont  Community  College 

Moi^anton,  KC. 

Western  Picdnioni  Community  College  was  chartered  on  April  2,  1964,  as  a 
member  of  the  North  Carolina  Community  College  System.  The  citizens  of  Burke 
County  had  appro\'ed  a  bond  referendum  by  an  unprecedented  margin  oi  17  to  1 
m  favor  of  funding  such  a  facility  The  college  began  operation  m  1965  with  a 
variety  of  continuing  education  classes  m  local  shops,  churches  and  rented  spaces. 
During  the  following  year,  14  curriculum  programs  enrolled  more  than  400  students 
and  construction  began  on  a  permanent  campus  at  the  intersection  of  1-40  and  U.S. 
Highway  64  within  the  corporate  limits  of  Morganton,  the  county  seat.  Over  12,000 
students  now  attend  classes  annually  m  more  than  80  certihcate,  diploma  and  degree 
programs. 

The  mam  campus  consists  of  14  buildings  on  a  132-acre  site.  Phifer  Learning 
Resources  Center  contains  a  replica  of  U.S.  Senator  Sam  J.  Ervms  home  library  The 
recently-completed  Master  Campus  Plan  seeks  to  double  facility  space  during  the 
next  decade.  Extension  classes  are  offered  at  the  East  Burke  Center  m  Hildebrand,  \ 
Courthouse  Square  m  Morganton  and  the  Morganton/Burke  Senior  Center. 

Manufacturing  is  diversihed  m  Burke  County  with  furniture,  textiles,  electronics, 
graphite  products,  metal  work  and  shoe  manufacturers  serving  as  local  employers. 
The  major  employer  is  the  State  of  North  Carolina  with  services  at  Broughton 
Hospital,  Western  Carolina  Center,  Western  Youth  Institution  and  the  N.C.  School  ; 
for  the  Deaf. 

Wilkes  Community  College 

WiUtesboTX),  N.C. 

Estabhshed  m  1965,  Wilkes  Community  College  (WCC)  offers  ser\4ces  to  the 
citizens  of  Wilkes,  Ashe  and  Alleghany  counties.  The  college  provides  opportunities 
for  higher  education  throughout  northwest  North  Carolina  m  the  beautiful  Blue  '■ 
Ridge  Mountains.  i 

The  mam  campus  is  located  m  Wilkesboro  on  a  wooded,  beautifully-landscaped, 
150-acre  mam  campus  just  off  U.S.  421  and  N.C.  268  West.  Extension  campuses  ' 
are  located  m  West  Jefferson  and  Sparta.  The  Wilkesboro  campus  includes  more  ■- 
than  297,000  square  feet  of  classrooms,  laboratories,  shops  and  offices.  Included  , 
on  the  mam  campus  is  the  1,131-seat  John  A.  Walker  Community  Center.  The  ! 
center  provides  a  wide  variety  of  cultural  and  entertainment  performances  throughout 
the  year.  WCC  also  hosts  the  annual  MerleFest,  an  Americana  music  festival  held  | 
during  the  last  week  of  April.  < 


760 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 

I 

Wilson  Technical  Community  College 

Established  m  1958  as  Wilson  Industrial  Education  Center,  Wilson  Technical 
Community  College  (WTCC)  is  one  of  the  systems  oldest  institutions.  The  hrst 
classes  were  held  in  1958  in  an  annex  at  the  local  high  school  and  moved  later  that 
year  to  the  present  location  on  N.C.  Highway  42  East  in  Wilson. 

Through  the  years,  Wilson  Tech  has  grown  and  currently  has  15  buildings 
with  185,000  square  feet,  which  house  44  classrooms  or  classroom/lab 
combinations  and  19  labs  on  the  40-acre  main  campus.  Wilson  Tech  also  has 
satellite  locations  for  the  Coastal  Plains  Law  Enforcement  Training  Center,  the  fire 
training  grounds  and  two  hea\y  equipment  training  sites.  The  estimated  value  of 
the  buildings  is  more  than  $15  million.  The  library  houses  33,284  volumes,  472 
magazines,  journals  and  newspapers  and  6,500  audiovisual  items. 

Wilson  Tech  offers  associate  degrees,  diplomas  and  certificates  in  37  different 
areas.  It  is  the  only  school  in  the  state  to  offer  heavy  equipment  operator  training 
and  students  come  from  all  over  the  East  Coast  for  this  program.  The  semce  area 
"or  the  college  is  Wilson  County  and  Wilson  Tech  currently  serves  over  11,000 
students  annually  -  over  20%  of  the  people  in  the  service  area. 


761 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


762 


N.C.    COMMUNITY    COLLEGE    SYSTEM  CHAPTER    EIGHT 


763 


PRIVATE  COLLEGES| 


Private  Colleges  and  Universities 

Private  higher  education  in  North  CaroUna  traces  its  history  to  1772  and  the 

founding  of  Salem  College,  one  of  the  earliest  colleges  for  women  m  the  United 

States.  The  second-oldest  institution  of  higher  education  m  the  state,  Louisburg 

College,  was  first  chartered  in  1787.  The  decade  of  the  1830s  witnessed  a  flourishing 

'  of  private  colleges.  Wake  Forest  University  (1834),  Davidson  College  and  Guilford 

College  (1837),  Duke  University  and  Greensboro  College  (1838)  were  all  founded 

'  by  private  citizens  determined  to  spread  the  benehts  of  higher  education  to  the 

■  people  of  the  state.  There  were  20  present-day  private  colleges  or  their  predecessors 

I  serving  North  Carolina  by  1877,  when  the  second  state-supported  college  was 

established. 

Today,  North  Carolina  has  36  independently-controlled,  liberal  arts  and  research 
colleges  and  universities  accredited  by  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges  and 
I  Schools.  These  institutions,  affihated  with  12  different  religious  denominations, 
enroll  over  75,000  students  and  confer  nearly  one-third  of  the  bachelors  degrees 
awarded  in  the  state  each  year.  Private  universities  confer  over  half  of  the  states 
degrees  in  law  and  medicine. 

From  about  the  turn  of  the  20th  Century  until  the  early  1960s,  enrollment  was 
;  fairly  evenly  distributed  between  the  public  and  private  sectors  of  higher  education. 
'Anticipating  the  effects  of  inflation  on  private  college  tuitions  and,  in  turn,  their 
I  enrollments,  Governor  Terry  Sanford  recommended  in  1963  that  the  state  assist 
,  North  Carolina  students  desiring  to  attend  North  Carolina's  private  colleges.  This 
'recommendation  was  reiterated  in  1968  by  the  Board  of  Higher  Education,  which 
;was  concerned  by  the  gradual  but  constant  shift  in  enrollment  away  from  private 
i  colleges  due  to  the  tuition  differential  between  the  public  and  private  sectors. 

In  1968,  the  North  Carolina  Association  of  Independent  Colleges  and 
Universities  was  organized  to  speak  for  and  represent  the  interests  of  the  private 
colleges  and  institutions.  The  purpose  of  the  organization,  stated  in  its  constitution, 
is  "to  promote  and  advance  the  interests  of  higher  education  in  North  Carolina, 
including  both  pubhc  and  independent  colleges  and  universities,  with  special 
concern  for  the  dual  nature  of  the  system,  its  quaUty  freedom  and  responsibility  to 
serve  the  educational  and  cultural  needs  of  the  state,  nation,  and  world."  Now  called 
North  Carolina  Independent  Colleges  &  Universities  (NCICU),  the  group  works 
closely  with  the  state  university  system,  community  college  system  and  the  N.C. 


JAND  UNIVERSITIES 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Dcparlmeni  ol  Public  Inslruclion  and  ihe  N.C.  Board  ol  Education  lo  address 
statewide  issues  m  education. 

NCICUs  board  o^  directors  is  composed  of  the  presidents  of  the  tneniber 
institutions.  A  chair  and  executix'e  committee  are  elected  from  the  board.  The 
president  ol  NCICU  is  an  ex-otficio  member  of  the  board  and  executive  conimittee 
and  is  the  organizations  chief  executive  ofhcer. 

Through  the  combined  efforts  North  Carohna  Independent  Colleges  & 
Universities,  concerned  citizens  and  legislators,  the  first  private  college  student 
assistance  programs  were  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly  m  1971.  The  State 
Contractual  Scholarship  Fund  allocates  $1,100  for  each  North  Carolina  student 
based  on  full-time  equivalent  enrollment  at  an  institution,  from  which  scholarships 
m  varying  amounts  are  awarded  to  needy  North  Carolinians.  0\'er  13,000  North 
Carolina  students  are  helped  evei")'  year  through  this  program. 

The  State  Contractual  Scholarship  was  augmented  in  1975  by  the  Legislati\'e 
Tuition  Grant,  which  pro\'ides  each  North  Carolina  student  with  a  fixed  amount  to 
be  applied  against  his  or  her  tuition,  thereby  reducing  the  gap  between  public  and 
private  tuitions.  The  Legislative  Tuition  Grant  provided  $1,800  for  each  ol  the 
approximately  31,000  North  Carolina  undergraduate  students  who  attended  pru'ate 
colleges  and  universities  in  2002-2003. 

In  1975,  NCICU  assumed  a  wide  range  of  educational  and  research  activities 
and  today  provides  a  range  of  service  activities  as  an  advocate  for  the  institutions  in 
the  areas  of  student  recruitment,  teacher  education,  financial  aid  and  research.  NCICU 
administers  such  programs  as  campus  tours  for  counselors  and  cooperative  libraiy 
purchasing.  NCICU  also  provides  staff  development  opportunities  for  independent 
constituent  groups  such  as  academic  deans,  admissions  directors,  directors  of 
development  and  financial  aid  directors,  as  well  as  dex'eloping  various  publications. : 


766 


PRIVATE  COLLEGES  AND  UNIVERSITES 


CHAPTER  NINE 


Presidents  of  Private  Colleges  and  Universities 


Senior  Colleges  and  Universities 


Dr.  Nerval  C.  Kneten 
Dr.  William  K.  Thierfelder 
Dr.  Johnnetta  B.  Cole 
Anita  A.  Brown 

Dr.  Drew  L.  Van  Horn 
Dr.  Jerry  M.  Wallace 
Dr.  Robert  E.  Knott 
Dr.  M.  Christopher  White 

Dr.  Robert  E  Vagt 
Dr.  Richard  Broadhead 
Dr.  Leo  M.  Lambert 
I  Dr.  Frank  Campbell 

Dr.  Craven  E.  Williams 
[Dr.  Kent  Chabotar 
^Nido  Qubem 

Dr.  Dorothy  Cowser  Yancy 

jDr.  Earl  J.  Robinson 
'Dr.  Wayne  B.  Powell 
Dr.  Catrelia  Hunter  (acting) 
Reginald  Ponder 

Dan  Lunsford 
Maureen  Hartford 
M.  Elton  Hendricks 
Dr.  Dan  Struble 

Dr.  William  Byrd 
Dr.  Ian  D.C.  Newbould 
Laura  Carpenter  Bingham 
Dr.  Charles  M.  Ambrose 

Dr.  Pamela  S.  Lewis 
Dr.  John  Deegan,  Jr. 
Dr.  Dianne  Boardley  Suber 
Dr.  Julianne  Still  Thrift 

Dr.  Clarence  G.  Newsome 
Dr.  Thomas  K.  Hearn,  Jr. 
Dr.  Douglas  M.  Orr,  Jr. 
Dr.  Jerry  E.  McGee 


iDr 

:Dr, 
tDr, 
Dr 


Barton  College 
Belmont  Abbey  College 
Bennett  College  for  Women 
Cabarrus  College  of  Health  Sci. 

Brevard  College 
Campbell  University 
Catawba  College 
Chowan  College 

Davidson  College 
Duke  University 
Elon  University 
Gardner- Webb  University 

Greensboro  College 
Guilford  College 
High  Point  University 
Johnston  C.  Smith  University 

Lees-McRae  College 
Lenoir-Rh)TLe  College 
Livingstone  College 
Louisburg  College 

Mars  Hill  College 
Meredith  College 
Methodist  College 
Montreal  College 

Mount  Olive  College 
N.C.  Wesleyan  College 
Peace  College 
Pfeiffer  University 

Queens  University  of  Charlotte 
St.  Andrews  Presbyterian  College 
Saint  Augustine's  College 
Salem  College 

Shaw  University 
Wake  Eorest  University 
Warren  Wilson  College 
Wingate  University 


Wilson 
Belmont 
Greensboro 
Concord 

Brevard 
Buies  Creek 
Salisbury 
Murfreesboro 

Davidson 

Durham 

Elon 

Boiling  Springs 

Greensboro 
Greensboro 
High  Point 
Charlotte 

Banner  Elk 
Hickory 
Salisbury 
Louisburg 

Mars  Hill 
Raleigh 
Fayette\^lle 
Montreat 

Mount  Olive 
Rocky  Mount 
Raleigh 
Misenheimer 

Charlotte 
Laurinburg 
Raleigh 
Winston-Salem 

Raleigh 

Winston-Salem 
Asheville 
Wingate 


767 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


N.C.  Independent  Colleges  and  Universities 


Presidents  of  the  Association 

Virizil  L.  McBride 
Dr.  Cameron  P.  West 
Senator  John  T.  Henley 
Dr.  A  Hope  Williams 


Chairs  of  the  Association 

Dr.  Ralph  Scales 
Dr.  Norman  W  Wiggins 
Dr.  Arthur  D.  Wens,er 
Dr.  Samuel  R.  Spencer 

Gox'ernor  Terry  Sanford 
Dr.  Fred  B.  Bentley 
Dr.  James  Fred  Young 
Dr.  John  E.  Weems 

Dr.  William  R.  Rogers 
Dr.  James  B.  Hemby 
Dr.  Julianne  Still  Thrift 
Dr.  Douglas  M.  Orr,  Jr. 


Wake  Forest  University 
Campbell  University 
Atlantic  Christian  College 
Davidson  College 

Duke  University 
Mars  Hill  College 
Elon  University 
Meredith  College 

Guilford  College 
Barton  College 
Salem  College 
Warren  Wilson  College 


1970-74 
1974-79 
1979-92 
1992-Present 


1969-71 
1971-73 
1973-75 
1975-77 

1977-81 
1981-83 
1983-87 
1987-91 

1991-95 
1995-99 
1999-2003 
2003-Present 


768 


PRIVATE    COLLEGES    AND    UNIVERSITES  CHAPTER    NINE 


769 


RORTH CAR0LINA| 


North  Carolina  Political  Parties 
Democratic  Party  of  North  Carolina  Platform 

(As  Adopted  at  the  State  Convention  on  June  8,  2002) 

Preamble 

As  the  oldest  continuous  political  party  in  the  world,  the  Democratic  Party  has 
carried  out  its  commitment  to  freedom,  fairness,  human  rights,  and  responsible 
government  for  over  200  years.  We  pledge  to  continue  this  tradition. 

We  take  pride  m  our  Democratic  heritage  as  a  party  of  spiritual  and  patriotic 
values;  a  party  of  inclusiveness;  a  party  of  diversity;  a  party  of  compassion;  a  party 
[of  educational  and  economic  opportunities;  a  party  of  social  justice;  and  a  party  of 
responsible  leadership. 

This  party  shall  provide  an  avenue  for  the  free  and  open  expression  of  diverse 
ideas  and  opinions,  and  shall  work  to  promote  government  which  is  responsive  to 
the  legitimate  needs,  interests,  and  aspirations  of  every  man,  woman,  and  child  in  a 
manner  which  does  not  abrogate  or  usurp  human  dignity  or  those  fundamental 
rights,  which  are  the  birthright  of  all  people  of  a  free  and  democratic  nation.  We  do 
;not  believe  that  social  convention  is  equivalent  to  morality  nor  that  self-righteousness 
is  equivalent  to  religious  faith.  We  believe  in  the  right  of  every  person  to  dissent. 

We  support  the  sanctity  of  the  American  family  as  the  foundation  upon  which 
bur  society  and  its  social  and  political  institutions  must  rest.  With  this  in  mind,  we 
joffer  a  platform  that  secures  the  rights  of  our  children,  protects  the  integrity  and 
(dignity  of  the  elderly,  and  promotes  the  right  of  working  men  and  women  across 
this  state  to  compete  freely  and  equally  for  economic  advancement  and  self- fulfillment. 

We,  as  North  Carolina  Democrats,  believe  in  judicious  stewardship  of  public 
revenues  and  affirm  that  a  public  office  is  a  pubHc  trust.  We  believe  in  government 
that  IS  honest,  and  within  which  the  needs  of  the  people  do  not  suffer  as  a  result  of 
personal  or  political  self-interest. 

We  believe  that  democracy  cannot  survive  without  education.  We  reaffirm  our 
state  constitution,  which  states  that  knowledge  is  "necessary  to  good  government" 
and  that  "the  means  of  education  shall  forever  be  encouraged."  We  believe  that 
adequate  health  care  must  be  accessible  to  all  and  that  homelessness,  illiteracy,  and 
grinding  poverty  must  be  eradicated  from  every  corner  of  our  state. 

We  strongly  support  the  protection  and  preservation  of  our  environment. 
Continued  abuse  of  our  ecological  systems  threatens  the  availability  of  our  food 


POLITICAL  PARTIES 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Stocks,  ihc  cxislcnce  oi  naiural  resources,  and  the  survival  ol  lite  itselt.  We  must 
support  enactment  and  enforcement  of  sound  environmental  policies  to  avoid 
jeopardizing  the  hopes  ol  luture  generations. 

We  are  committed  to  firm  and  effective  law  enforcement  and  to  the  swift  and 
fair  prosecution  of  those  who  engage  m  criminal  activity.  We  especially  commit 
ourselves  to  the  elimination  of  the  sale,  distribution,  and  use  oi  illegal  substances 
that  erode  the  very  fabric  of  our  society. 

We,  as  North  Carolina  Democrats,  must  seize  this  agenda,  and  must  vigilantly 
defend  our  historic  Democratic  heritage.  We  cannot  abdicate  our  historical  role  as 
the  party  of  action  and  the  party  of  progress  in  this  state.  The  lives  and  the  livelihoods 
of  the  people  of  this  state  are  our  sacred  trust.  We  must  act  decisively;  we  must  act 
swiftly;  we  must  act  together.  The  future  of  North  Carolina  must  not  be  mortgaged 
by  complacency  or  entrusted  to  those  who  wish  only  to  govern  rather  than  to  lead. 

Agriculture 

Farming  is  important  to  all  North  Carolinians,  and  we  respect  the  contributions 
made  by  farmers  and  agribusiness  to  our  economy  and  our  wa)'  ol  life.  A  sound 
farm  economy  supports  rural  economic  development,  provides  thousands  ol  jobs 
on  and  off  the  farm,  and  keeps  food  prices  reasonably  low  for  all  ol  us. 

We  recognize  that  our  agricultural  economy  is  m  a  state  of  transition.  We  support 
efforts  that  will  aid  our  farmers  m  adjusting  to  these  changes  in  a  manner  that  will 
allow  them  to  continue  to  increase  efficiency,  productivity,  and  profitability. 

SUPPORT  FOR  FARMERS  AND  FARM  WORKERS:  This  party  wishes  to  pledge 
its  support  tor  farmers  and  farm  workers.  We  pledge  our  support  for  increased 
agricultural  research  and  education,  and  expanded  government  etforts  to  dex'elop 
regional,  statewide,  and  international  markets  for  our  farm  products.  We  call  on  the 
federal  government  to  take  steps  to  keep  good  farmers-including  small  and 
disadvantaged  farmers-in  business. 

TOBACCO  FARMERS;  Growing,  harvesting,  selling,  processing  and 
transporting  tobacco  has  been  a  way  of  life  for  North  Carolinians  for  generations. 
Today,  many  North  Carolinians  are  still  dependent  upon  tobacco  to  generate  income  • 
and  create  jobs.  This  party  wishes  to  voice  its  support  for  the  farmers  and  workers  j 
of  the  tobacco  industry,  and  calls  upon  government  to  continue  to  provide  transitional  \ 
support  (such  as  job  retraining)  for  those  individuals  adversely  affected  by  the  j 
societal  changes  impacting  this  industry  i 

POULTRY  AND  LIVESTOCK;  W'e  encourage  farmers  and  regulatory  agencies  to  , 
seek  environmentally  safe  and  economically  viable  means  oi  animal  waste  disposal.  | 

PROTECTION  OF  PRIME  FARMLAND:  We  encourage  state,  local,  and  federal  | 
governments  to  work  together  to  prevent  the  conversion  of  prime  farmland  to  urban  | 
uses.  1 


772 


.,    ) 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

I  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE:  We  support  the  efforts  of  the  North 
'CaroUna  Department  of  Agriculture  to  ensure  clean  air,  clean  water,  and  safe  food. 
We  applaud  the  Departments  efforts  m  these  areas. 

Families  and  Children 

Our  future  as  a  state  and  nation  depends  upon  the  daily  assumption  of  personal 
responsibility  by  millions  of  Americans  from  all  walks  of  life — for  the  religious 
faiths  they  follow,  the  ethics  they  practice,  the  values  they  instill,  the  pride  they  take 
in  their  work,  and  the  families  they  build. 

Governments  do  not  raise  children-people  do.  And  people,  both  mothers  and 
fathers,  who  bring  children  into  this  world  have  a  responsibility  to  care  for  those 
children  and  teach  them  values,  motivation,  and  discipline. 

TEEN  PREGNANCY:  Children  should  not  have  children.  To  allow  such,  robs 
the  parent  of  his  or  her  childhood  and  limits  their  future.  Such  circumstances  have 
|the  potential  to  be  a  dram  on  societys  resources.  We  call  for  special  efforts  to  reduce 
the  rate  of  teenage  pregnancy  m  our  state,  through  education  and  counseling  programs 
in  our  schools  and  by  helping  other  agencies. 

CHILD  CARE:  The  large  number  of  women  in  the  work  force,  the  increase  in 
single  parent  households,  the  need  for  both  parents  to  hold  down  full-time 
;emplo)Tnent,  and  the  benefit  of  allowing  parents  to  pursue  continuing  education 
!have  made  child  care  an  increasingly  vital  priority  State  and  business  involvement 
in  child  care  is  necessary  to  provide  parents  with  greater  flexibility  in  obtaining 
phild  care  options.  Child  care  should  provide  a  safe  and  stable  environment  for 
children.  We  urge  the  continuous,  vigorous  enforcement  of  existing  rules  and 
regulations  related  to  the  child  care  industry 

YOUTH:  In  recognition  of  the  facts  that  parental  and  community  responsibilities 
sometimes  go  unfilled  we  support  continual  and  constructive  advocacy  on  behalf 
of  the  children  and  youth  in  our  state. 

INFANT  MORTALITY:  We  applaud  the  decrease  in  infant  mortality  to  the  lowest 
evel  in  the  states  history,  but  we  must  re-dedicate  ourselves  to  even  more  action. 
I^e  support  the  Women,  Infants,  and  Children  (WIC)  program  and  other  efforts  to 
"educe  infant  death  rates  and  low  birth-weight  babies.  Teenage  mothers  are  especially 
Drone  to  having  problem  pregnancies  and  underweight  babies.  We  urge  the  General 
|\ssembly  to  increase  funding  to  programs  to  decrease  infant  mortahty. 

PARENTAL  RESPONSIBILITY:  The  state  should  do  its  part  to  encourage  healthy 

onstructive  family  relationships.  Parents,  both  mothers  and  fathers,  should  be 

csponsible  for  nurturing  their  children.  Governments  can  and  should  provide 

ticentives  for  such  nurturing  and  should  aggressively  intervene  in  cases  of  child 

^buse  and  neglect. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

DEADBEAT  PARENTS:  We  applaud  efforts  to  improve  efficiency  with  wliich 
unpaid  child  support  payments  are  collected  and  we  support  other  reasonable  efforts 
to  make  sure  that  parents  support  their  children. 

DOMESTIC  VIOLENCE:  A  family  that  lives  with  constant  abuse  is  doomed  to 
failure.  We  support  family  preservation  programs  to  reduce  child  and  spousal  abuse 
by  providing  preventive  services  and  foster  care  to  families  m  crisis.  We  realize  that 
abused  spouses  may  need  to  remove  themselves  and  their  children  from  a  violent 
situation.  We  support  lamily  violence  prevention  efforts  and  shelter  programs  that 
provide  safe  havens  and  transitional  assistance  for  abused  spouses  and  their  children. 
We  afiirm  the  public  interest  m  supporting  such  efforts. 

GUN  SAEETY:  We  support  efforts  to  increase  safety  in  the  handling  and 
ownership  of  firearms.  Eurthermore,  we  avidly  support  strict  enforcement  of  the 
Brad)'  law. 

Consumer  Protection 

The  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party  urges  government  agencies  to  continue 
their  et torts  to  protect  consumers  and  to  promote  conhdence  m  a  fair  marketplace 
that  is  tree  trom  price  tixmg,  unfair  restraints  of  trade,  deception,  fraud,  and  other 
abuses  of  the  free  enterprise  system. 

INSURANCE  RATES:  We  oppose  unfair  discrimination  m  either  rates  or  access 
tor  all  forms  of  insurance  and  urge  that  all  insurance  companies  requesting  rate 
increases  be  held  to  a  substantial  burden  ot  proof.  We  encourage  the  Commissioner 
ot  Insurance  and  the  General  Assembly  to  take  action  to  guarantee  that  affordable 
insurance  will  be  widely  available,  while  respecting  claimants'  rights  to  fair 
compensation  tor  injury  and  loss. 

LENDING:  We  encourage  banks,  savings  and  loans,  and  other  financial  service 
institutions  to  maintain  high-quality  service  at  a  reasonable  cost  for  all  consumers. 

We  oppose  predatory  lending  practices.  : 

UTILITY  RATES:  The  utility  companies  in  North  Carolina  pro\ide  services  of: 
vital  importance  to  the  public.  Electricity,  natural  gas,  telephone  service,  and  water 
should  be  available  at  reasonable  rates.  The  changes  m  the  utility  mdustr}'  resulting 
from  innovative  technology  and  competition  are  significant  developments  that  could 
benefit  all  North  Carolinians.  We  urge  the  agencies  responsible  for  regulating  utilities 
to  protect  all  consumers  from  unreasonable  rates  during  these  changing  times.        i 

SECURITIES  REGULATION:  W^e  believe  North  Carolinians  should  be  able  to 
have  confidence  in  the  satety  of  their  securities  investments.  The  North  CaroUna 
Democratic  Party  urges  the  Secretar}-  of  State  to  continue  to  act  to  prevent  securities, 


774 


\ 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

fraud.  We  urge  companies  to  engage  in  fair  business  practices  with  appropriate  and 
honest  pubhc  disclosure  for  stockholders. 

Civil  Justice 

We  believe  that  an  efhcient  ci\il  justice  system  is  necessary  to  maintain  a  stable 
busmess  emironment,  to  promote  social  order,  and  to  protect  individual  rights. 

ALTERNATIVE  DISPUTE  RESOLUTION:  We  support  contmued  efforts  to 
develop  alternative  methods  of  dispute  resolution  and  applaud  the  successes  of 
i court-ordered  mediation  and  non-bmdmg  arbitration. 

BUSINESS  COURT:  We  support  the  business  court,  which  is  dedicated  to  the 
resolution  of  complex  high-stakes  business  disputes. 

Crime 

I  The  North  CaroHna  Democratic  Party  believes  that  every  person  should  be  safe 
from  crime.  We  also  believe  that  crime  is  prevented  not  only  through  swift 
.punishment  for  lawbreakers,  but  also  by  rearing  children  in  loving,  stable  famiUes 
!that  teach  moral  values  and  by  having  social,  educational,  and  economic  systems 
that  give  our  people  a  sense  of  hope  and  belonging. 

CAPITAL  PUNISHMENT:  In  granting  to  our  government  the  power  to  take  the 

jlives  of  individuals  convicted  of  capital  offenses,  we  have  given  it  the  most  far- 

jreaching  power  that  can  be  bestowed  upon  any  government.  For  this  reason,  we 

joppose  efforts  to  bypass  due  process  safeguards  and  efforts  that  assume  m  the 

ppphcation  of  the  ultimate  power,  our  government  can  do  no  wrong.  Neither  a 

victims  nor  a  perpetrators  race,  sex  or  economic  status  should  be  a  factor  in 

Isentencing  or  execution  in  North  Carolina. 

I 

'       VICTIMS'  RIGHTS:  We  beUeve  that  the  effect  of  crime  on  victims  should  be 

considered  in  imposing  punishment,  that  restitution  should  be  required  where 

ipossible,  and  that  appropriate  services  to  victims  should  be  available. 

PRISONS:  We  support  efforts  to  relieve  prison  overcrowding,  including  efforts 
o  fund  additional  facilities  and  to  find  effective  alternatives  to  incarceration. 

PRISONERS:  Inmates  should  work  hard  to  earn  their  keep  and  learn  the  values 

3f  hard  work,  respect,  discipline,  and  teamwork.  We  support  efforts  to  achieve  that 

poal,  including  making  sure  every  able-bodied  prisoner  is  participating  in  work  or 

'education  programs,  learning  a  trade  or  getting  a  diploma,  and  to  making  sure 

prisoners  do  not  return  to  a  hfe  of  crime  when  they  are  released. 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

YOUTHFUL  OFFENDERS:  The  rise  m  juvenile  crime,  including  gang  violence, 
is  an  alarming  trend  ihai  must  be  reversed.  We  support  the  implementation  of 
alternative  sentencing  programs  such  as  Teen  Court',  'Drug  Court'  and  'Boot  Camps' 

that  are  designed  to  turn  around  troubled  youths.  i 

i 

Dnigs  and  Alcohol  Abuse 

The  abuse  ot  drugs  and  alcohol  drains  our  state  ot  the  creativity,  energy,  and 
vitality  we  need  for  continued  progress.  'We  believe  that  efforts  to  reduce  the  demand 
for  drugs  and  alcohol  should  be  a  major  focus  of  our  state's  anti-drug  strategy.  We 
believe  that  law  enforcement  plays  a  crucial  role  in  stemming  the  use  of  illegal 
drugs,  and  that  courts  and  police  agencies  should  be  given  the  support  and  resources 
they  need  to  hght  this  batde. 

PREVENTION  INITIATIVE:  We  enthusiastically  support  neighborhood  and 
school-based  programs  aimed  at  turning  young  people  away  from  the  use  of  illegal  ' 
drugs  and  alcohol.  We  call  on  the  General  Assembly  to  provide  the  resources  to 
bring  school-based  programs  to  every  corner  ol  the  state  at  grades  early  enough  to  . 
be  effective.  We  also  urge  governments  at  all  levels  to  support  agencies  and  programs 
active  in  the  hght  against  drugs,  such  as  'Best  Friends',  'Big  Brother/Big  Sister,'  and 
'D.A.R.E.' 

SUPPORT  AND  TREATMENT:  We  support  the  efforts  of  state  and  local  law- 
entorcement  agencies  to  deal  severely  with  drug  trafhckmg  and  alcohol-impaired 
driving,  and  we  call  for  tougher  sentences  for  repeat  drug  and  alcohol  olfenders.  , 
We  also  call  for  strong  state  support  of  treatment  facilities  and  halfway  houses  for 
drug  and  alcohol  abusers  to  help  break  the  cycle  of  addiction. 

Economic  and  Community'  Development 

The  health  of  our  state  and  of  our  nation  depends  on  sustained  and  balanced ' 
growth.  We  believe  that  economic  grov/th  expands  opportunity  for  everyone.  The 
free  market,  regulated  m  the  public  interest,  is  the  best  engine  of  general  prosperity.! 

We  also  recognize  that  excellence  in  public  education,  including  public  schools,, 
community  colleges  and  universities,  is  the  cornerstone  of  a  successful  economic, 
development  effort.  ; 

HELPING  OUR  WORKFORCE:  We  commend  Sen.  John  Edwards  for  working' 
to  protect  our  state's  workforce  and  encouraging  assistance  for  workers,  job  creation,' 
new  investment  in  hard  hit  areas,  and  leveling  the  trade  playing  held  for  North' 
Carolina  industries. 

GLOBAL  ECONOMY:  Our  workers  are  among  the  most  skilled  and  productive! 
in  the  world.  W'e  support  trade  practices  and  economic  policies  that  enable  our  I 
workers  and  the  businesses  that  employ  them  to  compete  effectively  and  fairly  in' 
the  world  market.  | 


776 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

INDUSTRIAL  RECRUITMENT:  We  believe  North  Carolina  must  continue  to 
attract  and  foster  both  new  and  traditional  industries  while  encouraging  growth 
from  within  the  state.  We  support  continued  efforts  to  provide  a  skilled  and  educated 
work  force,  a  solid  mfrastructure,  and  a  quality  of  life  that  attracts  and  creates  good 
new  jobs  to  provide  a  higher  standard  of  living  for  all  North  Carolinians. 

SMALL  BUSINESS:  We  believe  innovation  and  risk-  taking  in  the  pursuit  of 
[excellence  should  be  rewarded.  We  support  expanded  government  efforts  to  promote 
[entrepreneurship  and  to  help  small  businesses  grow  and  prosper. 

NATURAL  RESOURCES:  We  recognize  that  the  wise  stewardship  of  our  natural 
Iresources  is  essential  for  our  continued  economic  growth.  For  example,  tourism, 
one  of  the  states  fastest  growing  industries,  depends  upon  the  presence  of  clean 
beaches,  unspoiled  forests,  and  clean  rivers  and  lakes. 

Economic  and  Financial  Security 

We  believe  government  must  provide  a  safety  net  covering  the  basic  human 
[needs  of  all  citizens  and  should  work  to  enrich  their  quaUty  of  Ufe.  To  fulfill  this 
[responsibility,  all  persons  should  have  the  opportunity  to  develop  their  talents  and 
abilities.  We  believe  that  every  North  Carolinian  should  have  adequate  food,  clothing, 
'shelter,  health  care,  and  work.  We  believe  that  we,  as  a  society,  have  a  responsibility 
•;o  help  those  m  need:  distressed  families,  the  unemployed,  the  homeless,  persons 
jvvith  disabilities,  and  the  mentally  ill.  We  should  eradicate  hunger.  No  person  should 
go  to  bed  hungry 

j  JOBS:  We  believe  that  all  North  Carolinians  deserve  rewarding  jobs  through 
lA^hich  they  can  support  themselves  and  their  families.  We  believe  that  business, 
government,  and  employees,  working  together  as  partners,  can  strike  a  healthy 
balance  in  which  the  whole  state  can  prosper. 

INCOME  SUPPORT:  We  believe  ill,  elderly  or  disabled  people  should  be  able 
0  enjoy  the  greatest  possible  independence  and  economic  security.  We  endorse 
ncreases  in  income  support  programs,  including  unemployment  benehts.  Social 
Ibecurity,  veterans'  benehts,  and  retirement  programs.  We  will  not  tolerate  fraud, 
puse,  or  mismanagement  that  destroy  public  trust  in  these  programs  and  diminish 
|heir  intended  purposes.  We  support  paying  all  workers  a  liveable  wage. 

'ducadon 

Under  our  state  constitution.  North  Carohnians  have  a  right  to  a  high  quality 
■ducation.  Our  state  must  have  an  outstanding  educational  system  in  order  to  produce 
in  informed  community,  to  promote  economic  development,  and  to  build  for  an 
'jconomic  future  characterized  by  high-skill,  high-wage  employment.  We  agree  with 
Thomas  Jefferson  that  "any  nation  which  expects  to  remain  both  free  and  ignorant 
xpects  that  which  never  has  been  nor  ever  shall  be." 


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NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

We  sliould  slrive  lor  cducalional  excellence  lor  all  persons,  regardless  of  their 
race,  age,  gender,  national  origin,  ethnic  identity,  sexual  orientation,  economic  status, 
de\elopmental  disabihty,  primary  language,  location,  or  station  m  life. 

We  should  make  sure  that  every  North  Carolinian  is  guaranteed  a  full  and 
unlettered  opportunity  to  develop  his  or  her  abilities  to  the  greatest  possible  extent 
and  that  all  ol  our  people  have  access  to  lifelong  educational  opportunities. 

We  recognize  the  man)'  outstanding  public  and  prix-ate  schools,  colleges,  and 
universities  that  already  exist  in  our  state  and  believe  that  these  institutions  should  ' 
be  held  up  as  models  for  others  to  admire  and  emulate.  We  commend  the 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  his  tireless  efforts  to  improve  education 
for  all  North  Carolinians. 

We  endorse  the  continued  election  of  the  North  Carolina  Superintendent  of 
Pubhc  Instruction,  and  the  enactment  of  legislation  making  the  Superintendent  of 
Public  Instruction  the  Chair  of  the  State  Board  of  Education. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS:  We  support  early  childhood  intervention,  mclucUng  Gov 
Mike  Easleys  More  at  Four  program,  reductions  m  class  size  m  all  grades,  and 
increased  support  tor  home-to-school  transition  programs  such  as  Head  Start  and 
Smart  Start.  We  support  emphasizing  the  fundamental  skills  of  reading,  writing, 
and  arithmetic  while  exposing  children  to  mnox'ative  ideas,  information  about  other 
cultures,  and  ad\ancement  in  technology.  We  applaud  the  teaching  of  effective 
citizenship,  civic  involvement,  and  legal  and  social  responsibility  We  believe  that' 
every  child  m  North  Carolina  should  have  ec|ual  access  to  all  educational 
opportunities.  We  support  adec[uate  tundmg  for  construction  and  maintenance  of 
school  facilities.  Additionally,  we  support  adequate  funding  for  equipment  and 
support  services  lor  at  risk  students  and  for  after  school  programs  m  our  public 
schools.  i 

EDUCATIONAL  REFORM:  Education  must  be  in  a  continuous  state  of  reform 
m  order  to  permit  our  students  to  remain  competitive  in  a  changing  world  and  to 
ensure  that  our  public  education  system  is  accountable  to  the  parents,  students, 
taxpayers,  and  communities  it  serves.  We  encourage  and  support  the  cltoris  ol  school 
systems  to  promote  and  maintain  diversity.  We  support  the  continued, 
decentralization  ol  decision  making  m  our  public  school  system  so  that  educators, 
will  have  the  flexibility  to  adapt  and  react  to  changing  circumstances  without  undue 
bureaucratic  interference.  Local  parents,  teachers,  and  administrators  deserve  a'^ 
stronger  voice  m  the  establishment  of  educational  priorities.  ' 

SMART  START:  We  support  the  Smart  Start  program  and  Us  systematic  expansion, 
throughout  North  Carolina.  We  applaud  the  progress  of  Smart  Start  and  believej 
that  it  holds  much  promise  lor  building  a  better  future  for  our  children.  I 


778 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

HEAD  START:  We  fully  support  the  Head  Start  program  so  that  the  children  of 
the  less  fortunate  in  our  state  receive  the  early  attention  they  need  to  thrive  in  our 
schools. 

SCHOOL  VOUCHERS:  We  oppose  the  implementation  of  private  and  religious 

school  voucher  programs.  Such  a  program  would  amount  to  "welfare  for  the  rich" 

ijin  many  instances.  Such  a  program  would  also  harm  our  public  schools  by  diluting 

Ithe  financial  support  for  those  institutions  and  encouraging  students  to  abandon 

the  public  school  system.  Consistent  with  our  unequivocal  support  for  the  pubUc 

i school  system,  we  cannot  support  a  voucher  program  that  will  harm  our  public 

schools. 

HIGHER  EDUCATION:  North  Carolina's  universities  have  achieved  an 
international  reputation  for  excellence  in  many  helds.  We  wish  to  preserve  this 
Jimportant  part  of  our  states  educational  environment.  Consequently,  we  support 
[adequate  funding  for  our  public  university  system,  the  preservation  of  academic 
[freedom  at  those  institutions,  equal  access  for  all  people,  maintaining  low  tuition 
for  in-state  students  and  the  availability  of  financial  aid  for  all  qualihed  students 
with  low  and  moderate  incomes. 

COMMUNITY  COLLEGES:  North  Carolina's  community  colleges  play  a  vital 
jole  in  enhancing  the  lives  of  our  people  and  in  paving  the  way  for  a  brighter  future 
for  our  state.  We  support  adequate  funding  for  all  community  college  programs, 
jincluding  basic  literacy  programs,  technical  and  vocational  programs,  new  and 
iexpanded  industrial  training,  small  business  centers,  and  occupational  retraining. 
We  also  support  voluntary  links  between  community  colleges  and  four-year 
'institutions  to  encourage  the  development  of  an  improved  system  of  higher  education 
jin  this  state.  We  encourage  the  General  Assembly  to  maintain  low  tuition  at  our 
:ommunity  colleges  and  to  encourage  business/education  partnerships  associated 
with  such  institutions,  m  order  to  stimulate  the  state's  economy. 

TECH  PREP:  We  strongly  support  the  expansion  of  North  Carolina's  Tech  Prep 
program,  which  integrates  the  resources  of  the  public  schools,  community  colleges, 
'^nd  four-year  institutions  in  order  to  provide  our  young  people  with  the  technical 
iteracy  they  will  need  in  an  increasingly  complex  future. 

TEACHERS:  We  believe  good  teachers,  including  college  and  university 
;)rofessors  and  instructors,  are  among  North  Carolina's  most  valuable  resources. 
\\Ne  support  continued  efforts  to  produce,  attract,  and  keep  highly  quahhed  educators 
u  all  levels  to  ensure  that  our  people  receive  an  outstanding  education.  We  support 
he  continued  funding  of  the  North  Carolina  Teaching  Eellows  program.  We  support 
:iroposals  to  improve  teacher  salaries. 

The  way  in  which  we  compensate  our  educators  should  reflect  our  respect  for 
ducation  as  a  profession.  We  believe  that  adequate  compensation  to  college  and 
iniversity  instructors  is  vital  to  the  preservation  of  our  state  college  and  university 


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NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

system,  including  appropriate  support  tor  research  actu'ities.  We  support  cultural 
and  ethnic  diversity  in  our  educational  systems  to  provide  appropriate  role  models 
tor  our  students. 

SCHOOL  VIOLENCE:  We  believe  that  every  child  and  educator  has  a  right  to 
be  sate  when  attending  school.  We  support  all  efforts  by  educators  and  law 
enlorcemcnt  otticials  to  stop  violence  m  our  schools. 

Effective  Goveniment 

We  believe  that  the  mission  of  government  is  to  expand  opportunity,  not 
bureaucracy,  to  our  culturally  and  ethnically  diverse  population.  Democrats  have 
demonstrated  that  government  can  be  both  responsive  and  responsible.  Under 
Democratic  leadership,  our  slate  has  enjoyed  growth  and  progress  while  balancing 
the  budget  every  year.  We  support  continuing  efforts  to  make  state  government 
more  etficient. 

GOVERNMENT  OFEICES  AND  EMPLOYMENT:  We  have  a  strong  commitment 
to  our  government  employees.  We  believe  these  professionals  deserve  wages  and 
benehts  comparable  to  those  in  the  private  sector.  We  support  annual  pay  raises 
within  the  limits  of  fiscal  responsibility  We  support  training  government  officials, 
elected  and  protessionals  to  provide  more  effective  government  service  to  North 
Carolina. 

We  further  support  efforts  to  increase  the  numbers  of  qualihed  women  and 
minorities  in  all  levels  of  government  where  the)'  are  under  represented. 

The  purpose  ot  the  public  retirement  system  is  to  recruit  and  retain  competent 
employees  and  to  help  provide  economic  security  m  retirement.  We  support 
maintaining  a  sound  and  hscally  responsible  retirement  system  for  all  public 
employees.  We  call  upon  the  General  Assembly  and  administrative  officers  to  ensure, 
the  prudent,  honest,  and  efhcieni  use  of  employees'  and  taxpayers'  contributions' 
b)'  maintaining  the  actuarial  soundness  of  the  public  retirement  system.  i 

OPEN  GOVERNMENT:  The  government  belongs  to  the  people  of  North 
Carolina,  and  the  people  are  entitled  to  obseiTe  its  work.  We  therefore  support  the' 
Open  Meetings  and  Open  Records  laws  and  support  its  continuing  expansion. 

Seniors  \ 

We  believe  that  seniors  should  enjoy  independence  and  economic  security  in' 
recognition  ot  their  many  contributions  to  society.  : 

SOCIAL  SECURITY:  We  believe  Social  Security  is  a  contract  that  must  not  be 
compromised.  We  oppose  privatization  and  the  diversion  of  Social  Security  funds' 
for  other  purposes. 


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NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

HEALTH  CAKE:  We  believe  any  changes  in  Medicare  should  focus  on  health 

care  cost  containment  to  diminish  the  ever-increasing  out-of-pocket  medical  costs 

ithat  have  risen  at  rates  significantly  higher  than  the  rate  of  inflation.  Seniors  should 

I  be  assured  both  quality  and  choice  of  health  care  providers.  Seniors  should  also  be 

protected  against  arbitrary  health  care  cancellation.  We  support  economical,  accessible 

prescription  drug  coverage  for  our  seniors  and  we  commend  Lt.  Governor  Beverly 

jjPerdues  leadership  in  giving  seniors  the  right  to  affordable  and  accessible  prescription 

drug  coverage. 

j  ASSISTED  LIVING  AND  CARE:  We  pledge  to  continue  to  strengthen  training 
iprograms  for  those  who  work  in  the  field  of  aging.  We  support  expanded,  accessible 
(transportation  and  affordable  educational  and  leisure  opportunities  for  older  adults. 
;We  urge  the  adoption  of  higher  minimum  standards  for  employees  in  nursing  care 
(facilities  and  believe  that  the  certification  program  for  those  working  directly  with 
'patients  should  be  strengthened  and  enforced.  We  support  a  background  check  for 
|all  employees  with  direct  care  responsibilities  for  seniors. 

INCOME:  We  support  efforts  to  raise  incomes  of  seniors  and  all  other  persons 
jabove  the  poverty  level  to  allow  them  to  live  in  dignity  and  security.  We  urge  the 
iabolition  of  mandatory  age-related  retirement  and  recommend  the  availability  of 
pre-retirement  counseling  and  consultation.  We  support  fairness  in  economic  benefit 
programs  for  all  senior  North  Carolinians.  We  support  an  increase  in  homestead 

I 

'fexemption  from  property  taxation  for  the  elderly. 

'  SENIORS  AND  FAMILIES:  We  support  efforts  to  keep  families  together  through 
J5afe,  affordable  adult  day  care,  health  care,  counseling,  job  retraining,  nutritional 
Assistance,  and  other  means  of  making  life  more  pleasant  for  seniors.  We  support 
an  expanded  network  of  community-based  services  to  keep  persons  m  their  homes 
^0  that  they  will  not  be  prematurely  placed  m  institutional  care.  We  pledge  to  support 
ivery  reasonable  effort  to  assure  that  families  will  not  be  financially  impoverished 
pecause  of  exorbitant  health  care  costs. 

Environment 

We  recommit  ourselves  to  the  wise  stewardship  and  protection  of  our  air,  water, 
j3oil,  forests,  wetlands,  watersheds,  and  barrier  islands.  We  believe  that  by  preserving 
pur  natural  resources,  we  are  preserving  our  quality  of  life,  our  economic  growth, 
pd  our  health.  We  note  that  the  Democratic  Party  is  the  only  party  that  has 
Iponsistently  supported  serious  and  effective  measures  to  protect  our  environment 
'md  natural  resources. 

We  recognize  the  interdependence  of  ecosystems  and  community  economies 
'md  believe  that  all  communities  have  a  fiduciary  obligation  to  use  land  and  resources 
jn  ways  which  do  not  harm  the  environmental  health  or  the  economies  of 
iieighboring  or  distant  towns  and  communities. 


J 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

AIR  AND  WATER:  We  support  tax  incentives  and  other  benefits  that  encourage  , 
use  of  alternative  means  tor  cUsposal  of  chemicals  and  waste  by-products  into  the  ■ 
air.  W^e  urge  increased  state  supervision  and  more  frequent  inspections  ol  companies 
emitting  such  by-products  into  the  atmosphere. 

We  want  to  keep  public  ownership  of  the  coastline,  to  keep  it  available  to  every 
North  Carolinian. 


We  encourage  regional  watershed  planning  that  encompasses  agricultural 
activities,  industrial  output,  and  wastewater  discharge,  but  that  takes  into  account 
the  interests  of  private  property  We  call  upon  municipalities  and  counties  to  develop 
unified  regional  policies  to  protect  watersheds.  W^e  oppose  Republican  initiatives 
to  dilute  water  and  air  quality  safeguard  standards. 

SOIL:  We  support  stronger  county  sedimentation  control  ordinances  as  provided 
by  the  North  Carolina  Sedimentation  and  Pollution  Control  Act. 

FORESTS:  We  support  logging  and  timber  management  technic[ues  that  toster 
reforestation.  We  oppose  the  practice  of  clear-cutting, 

WETLANDS:  We  support  local  land  management  that  includes  responsible 
control  of  surface  water  run-oft,  ensures  the  proper  treatment  and  disposal  of 
wastewater,  and  minimizes  the  pressure  exerted  by  increased  population.  We  support 
programs  that  will  achieve  the  short-term  goal  of  ''no  net  loss"  of  wetlands  -  m  both 
acreage  and  tunction  -  and  a  longer-term  goal  of  wetlands  restoration,  where  feasible. 

RECYCLING:  We  support  mandatory  local  and  regional  recycling  of  paper, 
glass,  metals,  and  other  reusable  materials  in  order  to  reduce  the  need  for  landlills. 
We  support  safe,  alternative  means  ot  waste  disposal.  We  also  support  tax  incentives 
and  other  benefits  for  industries  that  undertake  and  promote  recycling  efforts.  We 
encourage  local  governments  to  create  greater  markets  for  recycled  products  by; 
purchasing  recycled  materials.  ' 

OFFSHORE  DRILLING:  We  recognize  that  our  coast  is  an  outstanding  natural; 
resource  that  must  be  protected  tor  future  generations  ot  North  Carolinians.  We  call 
for  the  pertormance  of  a  full  environmental  impact  study  including  the  impact  on' 
the  tourism  and  hshmg  industry  before  any  olfshore  exploration  for  oil  or  natural 
gas  IS  undertaken.  j 

NUCLEAR  POWER:  We  urge  constant  vigilance  to  ensure  the  safety  and  security 
of  existing  nuclear  power  facilities  and  the  development  of  efficient  and  safe  meansj 
to  dispose  of  or  reuse  nuclear  and  hazardous  wastes.  We  urge  cooperation  among 
government,  education,  and  private  companies  to  seek  and  develop  alternative 
sources  ol  energy.  j 

TOXIC  AND  HAZARDOUS  WASTE:  We  believe  that  any  firm  or  organization! 
public  or  private,  that  uses  or  produces  hazardous  products  must  be  held  accountabki 
for  their  safe  and  proper  disposal.  We  urge  the  state  to  provide  technical  assistance' 


782 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

to  help  reduce  the  production  of  toxic  and  hazardous  waste  and  to  treat  their  waste 
on  site.  We  support  strengthening  laws  against  irresponsible  dumping  of  toxic 
I  chemicals  and  wastes,  and  we  call  for  aggressive  prosecution  of  those  who  violate 
S these  laws.  We  oppose  the  siting  of  hazardous  waste  generating  and  disposal  facilities 
jin  economically  disadvantaged  neighborhoods.  We  support  reasonable  right-to- 
jknow  laws  to  disclose  fully  the  chemicals  used  and  stored  m  our  communities. 

I  PARKS:  We  support  the  completion  of  acquisition  of  the  remaining  land  needed 
to  implement  the  master  plan  for  our  state  parks.  We  oppose  the  sale  of  state  parks. 
'We  also  encourage  the  General  Assembly  to  fund  badly  needed  repairs  and  to 
lupgrade  the  grounds  and  facilities  at  our  existing  state  parks  and  to  make  them 
lADA  compliant  and  affordable  to  all  North  Carolinians. 

I 

Fair  and  Open  Elections  and  a  Strong  Party 

hs  the  party  of  inclusion  we  recommit  ourselves  to  a  North  Carolina  Democratic 
(Party  that  is  open  to  all  people.  We  believe  the  principles  and  goals  of  our  party  are 
more  important  than  personalities  or  Primary  Election  disagreements.  We  expect 
Democratic  candidates  and  those  who  have  been  entrusted  with  public  or  party 
Ipffice  to  set  an  example  of  loyalty  to  the  party,  to  its  principles,  and  to  all  of  its 
nominees.  We  encourage  all  Democrats  to  unite  and  support  the  entire  ticket  in  the 
,General  Election.  We  encourage  Democrats  to  support  the  North  Carolina  Democratic 
jParty  in  every  race,  from  local  contests,  to  judicial  elections  to  the  top  of  the  ticket. 

I  We  pledge  to  continue  efforts  to  involve  as  many  people  as  possible  in 
jDemocratic  Party  affairs  and  m  party  decision  making.  We  will  increase  efforts  to 
encourage  historically  under-represented  groups,  such  as  women  and  minorities, 
1:0  seek  election  to  public  office.  CLEAN  CAMPAIGNS:  We  promise  to  campaign 
onestly,  fairly,  and  vigorously,  with  a  focus  on  the  issues  of  paramount  concern  to 
Dur  communities,  state,  and  nation.  We  call  upon  all  candidates  to  forego  personal 
attacks  and  distortion  and  to  debate  the  issues  in  a  straightforward  manner.  We 
pledge  to  abide  by  the  letter  and  the  spirit  of  the  federal  and  state  campaign  finance 
laws. 

VOTING:  We  will  continue  to  advocate  measures  to  make  voter  registration 
pd  voting  easier  and  more  accessible,  particularly  for  students,  seniors,  the  infirm, 
jind  those  who  are  unable  to  register  during  business  hours.  We  support  legislation 

0  make  registering  and  voting  of  all  North  Carolinians  easier.  We  support  increased 
junding  to  educate  voters  about  legal  alternatives  to  voting  only  on  Election  Day 
md  to  improve  the  speed  and  convenience  of  voting  on  Election  Day.  We  support 
greater  enforcement  efforts  to  eliminate  voter  fraud. 

We  commend  the  National  Voter  Registration  Act,  which  has  been  implemented 
n  North  Carolina.  We  vigorously  affirm  our  support  for  efforts  to  ensure  the  right 
jo  vote  for  all  citizens  without  discrimination  or  intimidation.  We  also  encourage 
■fforts  to  increase  the  Election  Day  turnout  of  North  Carolinas  voting-age  population. 

1  783 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


JUDICIAL  SELECTION;  We  support  a  judicial  selection  process  that  focuses 
on  experience  and  qualitications,  establishes  a  minimum  number  ol  years  ot  practice 
lor  service  as  a  district  court,  superior  court,  or  appellate  court  judge,  and  enables  , 
c|ualitied  candidates  tor  judicial  positions  to  compete  m  a  manner  consistent  with 
the  Canons  ol  Judicial  Conduct. 

CAMPAIGN  FINANCE:  We  support  the  passage  and  enforcement  of  tough  j 
campaign  tinance  laws.  The  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party  will  continue  to  i 
support  measures  to  reduce  the  cost  of  campaigning  for  public  ofhce.  We  encourage 
all  North  Carolina  Democrats  to  participate  in  the  income  tax  check-off  fund.  | 

Health  and  Human  Services  • 

We  recognize  that  every  person  is  entitled  to  basic  health  care.  Therefore,  we  ! 
urge  the  General  Assembly  and  all  agencies  responsible  for  the  delix'ciy  of  health 
care  to  work  to  contain  costs  and  to  assure  the  highest  possible  quality  ol  health  . 
care  to  all  persons,  regardless  of  income  or  geographic  location.  ' 

HEALTH  CARE:  We  encourage  healthy  lifestyles  and  applaud  Lt.  Governor 
Beverly  Perdue s  leadership  towards  that,  including  her  elforts  to  reduce  teen  smoking. 

We  recognize  that  health  care  decisions  are  best  made  within  the  context  of  the 
doctor  and  patient  relationship.  Thus,  we  believe  that  each  person  has  the  right  to 
choose  his  or  her  own  physician  without  interference  from  government  or  insurance 
companies.  We  support  health  care  reform  that  provides  universal  and  portable 
coverage,  expanded  preventive  health  care,  and  public  efforts  to  provide  the  prenatal 
care  needed  to  reduce  infant  mortality. 

BEHAVIORAL  HEALTH  CARE:  We  support  a  mental  health  system  that  provides 
access  to  appropriate  treatment  for  mental,  behavioral,  developmental  disabilities, 
and  substance  abuse.  Such  a  s)'stcm  must  provide  a  comprehensu'e  array  of  seiwicesi 
which  emphasizes  community  based  treatment  otfering  eciual  access  for  those  in' 
need.  We  support  reform  which  emphasizes  insurance  coverage  for  all  health! 
disorders,  including  mental  disorders,  which  is  comparable  m  cost  and  coverage  to 
traditional  medical  insurance.  { 

WELFARE  REFORM:  We  believe  that  welfare  is  intended  to  help  families  and; 
individuals  through  extremely  tough  hnancial  times;  however,  too  many  peoplei 
have  become  dependent  on  welfare.  We  support  continued  elforts  to  reform  North: 
Carolinas  welfare  system  by  emphasizing  work,  personal  responsibility,  and  helpingj 
more  welfare  recipients  to  get  eftective  job  training  get  jobs  and  become  self-sufficient.!  i 

SENIORS  AND  PERSONS  WITH  DISABILITIES:  We  support  alternative  health-; 
care  delivery  systems  to  allow  the  elderly  and  persons  with  disabilities  to  remain  in; 
a  home  setting  as  long  as  possible.  We  urge  the  provision  o[  cjuality  in-home  card 
or  institutional  care  for  all  who  require  it,  and  we  insist  on  their  protection  froml 
abuse,  neglect,  and  deprivation  of  their  rights  as  persons.  We  applaud  efforts  to. 


784 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

prowde  state-supported  health  care  to  the  poor  and  to  uninsured  and  underinsured 
jpersons. 

WOMEN;  We  beUeve  that  every  woman  should  have  access  to  prenatal  and 
jpostnatal  care  and  appropriate  counseling.  We  believe  that  a  woman's  decision  about 
{whether  to  end  a  pregnancy  should  be  her  own  and  not  that  of  the  government. 
jThus,  we  must  keep  abortion  safe,  legal,  and  accessible  to  all  North  Carolina  women. 
'Women  should  have  access  to  information  and  counseling  regarding  all  choices 
[related  to  crisis  pregnancies. 

If  PATIENTS'  RIGHTS:  We  commend  Gov.  Mike  Easley  and  the  General  Assembly 
|for  enactment  of  the  North  Carolina  Patients'  Bill  of  Rights  that  will  improve  the 
[relationship  between  patients,  doctors  and  insurance  companies.  We  applaud  Sen. 
|ohn  Edwards  for  his  \isionary  leadership  in  working  towards  a  nationwide  Patients' 
bill  of  Rights. 

EDUCATION:  We  support  educational  programs  m  our  schools  and  public 
health  agencies  that  encourage  abstinence  and  provide  information  about  safe  sexual 
[practices,  m  order  to  prevent  pregnancy  and  the  spread  of  sexually  transmitted 
[diseases,  including  AIDS. 

Housing 

Safe,  decent,  and  affordable  housing  for  all  persons  is  essential  to  the  future  of 
JDur  communities  and  families.  We  deplore  the  conditions  that  lead  to  homelessness, 
&nd  we  encourage  the  renovation,  preservation,  and  expansion  of  existing  low- 
jncome  housing. 

HOME  OWNERSHIP:  We  support  policies  that  encourage  affordable  mortgage 
:redit  to  make  home  ownership  possible  for  more  working  families.  We  urge  the 
expansion  of  the  North  Carolina  Housing  Trust  Eund  to  provide  a  source  of  funds 
or  the  housing  needs  of  our  poorest.  We  also  encourage  the  expansion  of  incentives 
or  first-time  home  buvers. 

RENTAL  HOUSING:  Many  of  our  people  rent  their  homes,  either  by  choice  or 
)y  necessity  We  call  for  the  equitable  allocations  of  rights  and  responsibilities 
)etween  landlords  and  tenants.  We  support  the  enforcement  of  existing  laws  that 
equire  rental  premises  to  be  maintained  in  a  fit  and  habitable  condition. 

PUBLIC  HOUSING:  We  support  programs  that  encourage  tenant  management 
|)f  public  housing  communities.  Furthermore,  we  support  policies  that  encourage 
enant  responsibility,  including  zero  tolerance  drug  provisions  m  public  housing 
leases. 

We  support  legislation  to  provide  additional  resources  for  special  need 
)opulations  including  farm  workers,  transitional  housing  for  the  homeless  and 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

incarceraicd,  HIV/AIDS  populations,  viclims  of  domestic  violence,  homeless  veterans  | 
and  dmsc  that  are  mentally  or  physically  challenged  and  the  elderly.  i 

Labor  and  Employment 

The  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party  is  the  party  of  North  Carolinas  working  ! 
people.  We  understand  that  meaningful  employment  at  a  liveable  wage  is  critical  to  ^ 
the  personal  securit)'  and  self-esteem  of  the  people  of  our  state.  We  believe  that 
economic  growth  is  fully  consistent  with  fair  employment  practices,  fair  wages, 
and  a  safe,  clean,  and  healthy  work  place. 

We  are  conhdent  that  maintaining  a  high  level  of  economic  growth  can  and 
should  be  accompanied  by  investments  in  the  training  and  retraining  of  workers  in 
view  of  our  changing  state,  national,  and  world  economies.  In  light  ot  all  these 
factors,  we  reafhrm  our  fundamental  and  well-estabhshed  belief  that  all  North 
Carolinians  ha\'e  a  right  to  productive  employment  m  a  safe  environment  and  to 
compensation  at  a  liveable  wage  without  fear  of  discriminator)'  treatment. 

JOB  SAFETY:  We  demand  strict  enforcement  of  workplace  safety  standards  and 
the  routine  inspection  of  North  Carolina  workplaces  m  order  to  ensure  adec[uate 
protection  for  all  workers. 

RIGHT-TO-KNOW  I_AWS:  We  believe  that  workers  have  a  right  to  know  whether 
they  are  at  risk  of  exposure  to  hazardous  materials  and  to  the  steps  that  they  can 
take  to  protect  themselves  from  harmful  contact  with  such  substances. 

We  support  the  stringent  enforcement  of  existing  right-to-know  lav/s  and  regular 
legislative  and  regulatory  review  of  the  subject  in  order  to  ensure  that  our  laws 
covering  hazardous  materials  reflect  sound,  modern  safety  practices.  We  also  support 
right-to-know  laws  that  allow  local  residents  and  fire  departments,  police 
departments,  and  others  responsible  for  protecting  the  public  to  have  adequate' 
access  to  information  about  any  hazardous  materials  located  m  their  communities. 

ILLNESS  AND  INJURY:  We  support  just  compensation  and  adequate  care  for; 
the  victims  of  occupational  diseases  and  work-related  injuries.  We  particularly 
support  efforts  to  reduce,  treat,  and  eliminate  the  risk  of  long-term  injuiy  resulting 
from  repetitive  job-related  activities.  i 

W'e  believe  the  Commissioner  of  Labor  should  restore  the  ergonomic  study 
and  guidelines  to  promote  satety  m  the  workplace. 

MINIMUM  WAGE:  We  support  the  concept  of  the  federal  minimum  wage.  Wei 
believe  that  the  United  States  Congress  should  increase  the  current  state  minimum 
wage  m  order  to  ensure  that  workers  can  adequately  provide  tor  their  own  well-| 
being  and  that  of  their  families.  ' 

JOB  TRAINING:  We  strongly  support  the  expansion  of  apprenticeship  and  on-' 
the-job  training  programs  to  help  our  young  people  and  displaced  workers  tcl 


786 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

develop  marketable  job  skills.  We  believe  that  special  care  should  be  taken  to  expand 
job  opportunities  for  the  disabled. 

WOMEN  IN  THE  WORK  PLACE:  We  recognize  that  over  the  last  30  years, 
there  has  been  an  unprecedented  movement  of  women  in  the  labor  force.  We 
understand  that  women  work  for  personal  fulfillment  and  to  provide  support  for 
themselves  and  their  families,  just  as  men  do.  In  recognition  of  this  fundamental 
change  in  our  economy,  we  support  equal  access  to  employment  opportunities  for 
women  and  men  and  are  committed  to  equal  pay  for  comparable  work. 

We  encourage  businesses  to  include  child  care  facihties  in  the  workplace.  Studies 
(show  that  this  increases  worker  productivity,  strengthens  families  and  builds 
'company  loyalty  among  workers. 

CHILD  CARE:  The  changing  nature  of  our  workforce  has  had  a  profound  impact 

;Upon  our  families.  We  beheve  that  employment  should  promote,  enhance,  and 

i  nurture  stable  and  healthy  family  relationships  instead  of  harming  them.  An  integral 

;part  of  ensuring  that  the  growth  m  two  wage-earner  families  does  not  harm  our 

families  is  the  provision  of  adequate  and  reasonably  priced  child  care  for  our  children. 

We  urge  the  development  of  incentives  for  private  employers  to  provide  high 
■quality  child  care  services.  We  also  urge  the  development  of  incentives  for,  and  the 
Iremoval  of  obstacles  to,  alternative  work  opportunities  such  as  part-time,  shared- 
jtime,  and  flexible-time  work  schedules  in  order  to  expand  opportunities  for  more 
'people  to  care  for  their  children. 

j  MIGRANT  WORKERS:  We  support  sanitary  living  conditions,  adequate  health 
care,  educational  opportunities,  and  safe  working  conditions  for  migrant  workers 
land  their  families.  All  workers  in  North  CaroUna,  regardless  of  immigration  status, 
have  the  right  to  fair  wages,  timely  payment  for  services  and  safe  working  conditions. 

COLLECTIVE  BARGAINING:  We  reassert  our  fundamental  belief  m  the 
collective  bargaining  process  as  a  means  of  serving  the  interests  of  both  employees 
and  employers.  We  encourage  cooperation  between  employers  and  employees  to 
jassure  productivity  through  fair  and  adequate  employee  compensation  and  benehts 
'and  safe,  harmonious,  and  healthy  working  conditions. 

NON-DISCRIMINATORY  EMPLOYMENT  PRACTICES:  We  support  access  to 
jemployment  without  discrimination  of  any  kind.  We  support  vigorous  enforcement 
of  existing  anti-discrimination  laws  to  ensure  that  all  persons  have  access  to  good 
jobs  at  fair  wages  and  benefits.  We  urge  the  implementation  of  incentives  for 
employer  sponsorship  of  training  and  managerial  development  programs  designed 
to  eliminate  discriminatory  practices.  We  further  support  programs  to  facihtate  the 
jemployment  of  veterans  in  the  private  sector. 


i 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Heritage  and  Culture 

The  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party  recognizes  the  importance  of  cultural 
development  in  the  growth  of  our  state. 

CULTURAL  PROGRAMS:  We  strongly  support  the  progranis  and  institutions  I 
that  have  established  our  states  stature  in  the  areas  of  the  arts,  theater,  music,  and  i 
folk  lite.  We  encourage  the  continued  development  of  museums  and  historical  | 
research  facilities  to  embrace  the  cultural  diversitv  of  our  state. 

PUBLIC  LIBRjA.R1ES:  We  support  public  libraries,  acknowledge  their  value  as 
community  resources  and  information  centers,  encourage  continued  support  for 
their  growth  and  expansion,  and  support  their  independence  m  providing  knowledge 
and  intormation. 

Human  Rights 

The  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party  was  founded  m  response  to  the  need  for 
a  defense  ot  human  rights  and  civil  liberties.  We  reaffirm  our  commitment  to  the 
lull  and  ec|ual  protection  ot  the  lives,  liberties,  rights,  and  properties  of  all  citizens 
and  residents  ot  North  Carolina.  All  human  beings  deseiTc  the  opportunity  to  realize 
their  own  potential. 

PRIVACY:  We  continue  to  support  responsible  measures  to  limit  the  amount  of 
intormation  gathered  by  governmental  agencies  about  individuals  and  to  prohibit 
the  use  of  such  information  m  an  improper  manner.  W^e  belie\'e  that  go\'ernment 
must  respect  individual  liberties  and  refrain  trom  intruding  into  our  pri\'ate  li\'es 
and  intertermg  with  our  personal  decisions. 

CIVIL  LIBERTIES:  We  support  the  tundamental  rights  to  treedom  ot  speech, 
freedom  of  religion,  and  the  right  not  to  be  deprived  of  life,  libert);  or  property 
without  due  process  of  law.  We  oppose  efforts  to  limit  or  eliminate  these  fundamental 
constitutional  rights.  We  believe  that  all  persons  should  have  access  to  our  courts. 

DISCRIMINATION:  We  oppose  discrimination  of  any  kind,  whether  in 
employment,  health  care,  education,  retirement  programs,  housing,  or  any  other , 
area.  We  encourage  vigorous  entorcement  of  existing  civil  rights  laws  and  a  periodic 
re-exammation  of  their  adequacy 

! 

Immigiation 

Immigrants  have  become  a  vital  part  of  North  Carolmas  economy  I 

Recognizing  that  tact,  the  state  should  provide  access  to  important  intormation 
about  state  senices  and  benefits  m  the  primary  language  ot  legal  immigrants.  j 

While  we  recognize  that  immigration  laws  are  enacted  at  the  federal  level,  state! 
government,  grassroots  citizens  and  legislators  can  impact  such  policies  byi 
influencing  our  federal  representatives. 


788 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

j  WELCOMING  NEWCOMERS:  Newcomers  from  around  the  world  have  come 
to  North  CaroHna.  The  state  should  establish  a  state  newcomers  guide  to  offer 
guidance  and  explain  the  actions  of  state  government  m  all  communities  m  which 
newcomers  settle. 

'  Paying  for  Progress 

'  Government  services  are  not  free.  The  North  CaroUna  Democratic  Party  supports 
the  wise  use  of  lax  monies  without  waste  or  extravagance.  We  support  the 
I  introduction  of  increased  efficiencies  in  all  areas  of  government  to  hold  dovvm  the 
tax  burden  on  the  people  of  our  state.  We  applaud  the  efforts  of  State  Auditor  Ralph 
Campbell  to  minimize  waste  and  mismanagement.  We  applaud  Governor  Mike 
Easley,  State  Treasurer  Richard  Moore,  and  the  General  Assembly  for  preserving  the 
states  AAA  credit  rating.  We  are  proud  of  the  long  history  of  efficient  government 
which  Democratic  leaders  have  provided  in  North  Carolina. 

We  believe  that  all  taxes,  especially  those  that  fall  hardest  on  middle-class  and 
poor  families,  should  be  kept  as  low  as  is  possible,  consistent  with  the  maintenance 
of  an  appropriate  level  of  government  services.  The  use  of  a  progressive  tax  system 
is  the  only  way  to  fairly  pay  for  the  government  services  needed  to  build  a  solid 
■foundation  for  our  future  economic  security.  We  oppose  excessive  reliance  on 
;regressive  taxes,  which  unfairly  burden  the  poor  and  the  middle  class.  We  believe 
ithat  any  future  changes  in  the  tax  laws  should  increase  the  progressivity  of  our  tax 
system. 

{Homeland  Security 

We  believe  that  the  best  way  to  fight  terrorism  at  home  is  to  be  prepared,  and 
that  North  Carolina  should  have  every  safeguard  possible  in  place  to  protect  from 
terrorist  attacks.  This  preparation  should  include  the  best  technology  and  other 
appropriate  tools  for  local  and  state  law  enforcement  officials. 

LAW  ENFORCEMENT:  We  support  law  enforcement  efforts  to  obtain  additional 
.resources  for  improved  communication,  better  intelligence  gathering  and  we  also 
pncourage  better  cooperation  in  sharing  information,  detaining  suspects  and  alerting 
the  public. 

.,  HEALTH:  We  support  vigilant  protection  of  North  Carolinians'  health,  and 
believe  the  nation  should  follow  Attorney  General  Roy  Cooper  in  working  to 
:stablish  a  registry  of  potentially  deadly  biological  agents  that  could  be  used  as 
capons.  We  believe  that,  in  an  emergency,  the  states  public  health  officials  should 
Jetermine  through  testing  if  a  biological  threat  has  occurred  and  decide  if  quarantine 
H-  other  safety  measures  should  occur. 

To  eat  safely,  we  know  our  food  has  to  be  protected  from  the  farm  to  the  kitchen 
able.  We  applaud  Agriculture  Commissioner  Meg  Scott  Phipps  for  being  in  the 
orefront  nationally  in  bio-terrorist  prevention  and  preparedness. 

789 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

JUSTICE:  We  suppori  Gov.  Mike  Easleys  efforts  to  enact  tough  penalties  for 
those  who  put  our  salety  m  jeopardy  with  use  or  threats  ot  chemical  or  biological 
weapons  or  other  weapons  of  mass  destruction.  We  believe  suspects  who  threaten 
or  use  such  weapons  damage  the  safety  and  health  of  North  Carolinians  just  as  if 
they  had  used  a  traditional  weapon. 

PUBLIC  INFORMATION:  We  believe  that  the  residents  of  North  Carolina  have  j 
a  right  to  know  when  their  safety  is  threatened  in  order  to  make  informed  decisions  j 
about  their  satety  We  encourage  rapid  alerts  in  case  of  danger,  and  full  disclosure,  j 
when  appropriate,  m  times  of  crisis.  j 

PUBLIC  SERVANTS:  We  also  strongly  support  our  men  and  women  in  uniform 
who  protect  our  communities  every  day.  We  are  proud  of  and  thankful  for  our 
police  and  hre/rescue  forces  and  other  public  sen^ants. 

Veterans  and  A  nned  Forces  ■ 

We  recognize  that  the  freedoms  we  enjoy  in  this  great  country  do  not  come 
without  a  price,  and  that  the  ultimate  price  has  been  paid  again  and  again  by  the 
people  of  this  great  state.  We  further  recognize  that  North  Carolina  plays  an  essential 
role  in  the  defense  of  this  country  not  only  because  of  the  sacrifices  made  by  our 
sons  and  daughters  m  militaiy  ser\ace,  but  also  because  our  state  contains  some  of 
the  largest  and  most  important  militaiy  bases  in  the  world.  The  presence  of  these 
bases  is  a  source  of  great  pride  and  is  vital  to  the  economic  prosperity  of  the 
communities  in  which  thev  are  located. 

J 

The  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party  reaffirms  its  longtime  commitment  to 
North  Carolmas  sons  and  daughters  who  presently  serve  proudly  m  the  Armed 
Forces  of  the  United  States,  to  those  men  and  women  who  seiTc  at  bases  located 
within  our  borders,  and  to  all  veterans  of  the  Armed  Forces  of  the  United  States, 
whose  service  has  made  this  nation  an  example  ot  freedom  and  democracy  that 
shines  throughout  the  world. 

Conclusion  , 

In  summary,  the  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party  stands  for:  ' 

Economic  opportunity  and  security  for  all  who  call  North  Carolina  home  i 
A  fair  and  just  tax  system 

Quality,  affordable  education  for  every  student  at  every  stage  of  life  \ 
Equal  access  to  quality  and  affordable  health  care 

Safe  and  secure  communities  I 

Preservation  oi  natural  resources  ! 


790 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

Address  all  inquiries  to: 

The  North  Carolina  Democratic  Party 
220  Hillsborough  Street 
Raleigh,  NC  27603 

919.821.2777 
919.821.4778 /ax 

You  can  also  \isit  the  N.C.  Democratic  Party's  Web  site  at  www.ncdp.org. 
N.C.  Democratic  State  Executive  Council 


Chair 

Barbara  K.  Allen 

Raleigh 

First  Vice-Chair 

Jerry  Meek 

Fayetteville 

Second  Vice-Chair 

Rep.  Beverly  Earle 

Charlotte 

Third  Vice-Chair 

Brian  Etheridge 

Raleigh 

Secretary 

Ann  Huggins 

Greenville 

Treasurer 

James  Stephenson 

Gary 

First  District  Chair 

Don  Da\as 

Snow  Hill 

Second  District  Chair 

1 

Jenny  Edwards 

Eranklinton 

|rhird  District  Chair 

Robert  Kemp 

Greenville 

Fourth  District  Chair 

Thomas  E.  Austin,  11 

Durham 

Fifth  District  Chair 
Sixth  District  Chair 

1 

Delmas  Parker 

Clemmons 

Sandi  Campbell 

Asheboro 

Seventh  District  Chair 
Eighth  District  Chair 

Melvin  Williams 

Beaulaville 

Elijah  "Pete"  Peterson 

Rockingham 

Mmth  District  Chair 

Ed  McGuire 

Charlotte 

Tenth  District  Chair 

Judy  Gilbert 

Lincolnton 

Eleventh  District  Chair 

Bruce  Peterson 

Asheville 

iTwelfth  District  Chair 

Bemita  Sims 

High  Point 

thirteenth  District  Chair 

Patricia  Hawkins 

Raleigh 

^resident  Democratic  Women 

Carolyn  Honeycutt 

Raleigh 

^resident-Senior  Democrats 

Marvin  Clifford 

Charlotte 

^resident-Young  Democrats 

Courtney  Crowder 

Raleigh 

791 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Democratic  Paity  Count}'  Chairs 


Alamance 

Joe  Wheeler 

Graham 

Alexander 

Billy  Sprinkle 

Hiddenite 

Alleghany 

Chris  Finney 

Sparta 

Anson 

Dannie  Montgomery 

Lilesville 

Ashe 

Melba  Jones 

West  Jefferson 

Avery 

Diane  Sudderth 

Montezuma 

Beaufort 

Etles  Henries 

Aurora 

Bertie 

Lewis  Hoggard 

Windsor 

Bladen 

Althea  Lesane 

Rieglewood 

Brunswick 

Vernon  Ward 

Shalotte 

Buncombe 

Max  Haner 

Asheville 

Burke 

Jess  Crowder 

Hickory 

Cabarrus 

Drew  Arrowood 

Concord 

Caldwell 

Larr)'  Ta)'lor 

Lenoir 

Camden 

Ins  Leary 

Shiloh 

Carteret 

Bill  Henderson 

Newport 

Caswell 

Lorene  Garland 

Blanch 

Catawba 

Jeffrey  Dellmger 

Maiden 

Chatham 

Mar)'  Nettles 

Pittsboro 

Cherokee 

Mamn  Raper 

Murphy 

Chowan 

Derrick  Wadsworth 

Edenton 

Clay 

Patricia  Jordan 

Hayesville 

Cleveland 

Betsy  Wells 

Kings  Mountain 

Columbus 

Sherry  Dew  Prince 

Whiteville 

Craven 

Kelly  Greene 

New  Bern 

Cumberland 

Jeff  Bullard,  Sr. 

Fayetteville 

Currituck 

K.  Br)'an  Bass 

Moyock 

Dare 

Ken  Wenberg 

Waves 

Davidson 

Randell  Lanier 

Lexington 

Davie 

Clyde  Scott 

Mocksville 

Duplin 

Jesse  Williams 

Warsaw- 

Durham 

Ted  Benson 

Durham 

Edgecombe 

Celestme  Lyons 

Battleboro 

Forsyth 

Berni  Gaither 

Winston-Salem 

792 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES 


CHAPTER    TEN 


!  Democratic  Party  County  Chairs  (continued) 

Franklin  Bobbie  Richardson  Louisburg 

Gaston  T.J.  Solomon,  11  Gastonia 


Gates 

Chenay  Costen 

Sunbury 

Graham 

Don  Crisp 

Robbinsville 

Granville 

Tom  Burnette 

Oxford 

Greene 

Shelby  Harrell 

Snow  Hill 

Guilford 

Tom  Coley 

Greensboro 

Halifax 

Dr.  Wayne  Grimsley 

Roanoke  Rapids 

Harnett 

Winston  Gilchrist 

Lillington 

Haywood 

Bobby  Joe  McClure 

Waynesville 

Henderson 

Paul  Donahue 

Hendersonville 

Hertford 

Ronald  Gatling 

Ahoskie 

Hoke 

A.K.  "Dooie"  Leach 

Raeford 

Hyde 

R.S.  'Tony"  Spencer,  III 

Ocracoke 

Iredell 

Gene  Mahaffey 

Union  Grove 

Jackson 

Nelson  Bumgarner 

Sylva 

Johnston 

Robert  W  Bryant,  Sr. 

Clayton 

Jones 

Phil  Moore 

Trenton 

Lee 

Don  Buie 

Sanford 

Lenoir 

Dr.  Lyle  Holland 

Kinston 

Lincoln 

Roby  Jetton 

Lincolnton 

iMacon 

Bobby  Kuppers 

Franklin 

Madison 

Jerry  Wallin 

Marshall 

Martin 

James  Batchelor 

Williamston 

iMcDowell 

Louis  Wall 

Marion 

iMecklenburg 

Michael  Evans 

Charlotte 

iMitchell 

'I 

Charlie  Hunt,  Jr. 

Spruce  Pine 

'Montgomery 

Hugh  Martin 

Biscoe 

jjMoore 

Dr.  Walter  Newton 

Southern  Pines 

'Nash 

Ben  Boddie 

Rocky  Mount 

New  Hanover 

Helen  Worthy 

Wilmington 

Northampton 

Vacant 

Onslow 

Barbara  Woodward 

Jacksonville 

jbrange 

Barry  Katz 

Chapel  Hill 

ramlico 

Joyce  Moore 

Grantsboro 

793 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Dcmoaatic  Party  County'  Chairs  (continued) 

Pasquotank 

Una  Green 

Elizabeth  City 

Pender 

James  Faison,  Jr. 

Rocky  Point 

Pcrqumians 

Fondclla  Leigh 

Hertford 

Person 

Mike  Barrett 

Timberlake 

Pitt 

Andy  Forman 

Greenville 

Polk 

Frances  H.  Parker 

Tryon 

Randolph 

Hal  Walker 

Asheboro 

Richmond 

Wenonia  Wall 

Rockingham 

Robeson 

Hon. Raymond  Penning 

ton  Lumberton 

Rockintiham 

Dick  Cartwright 

Madison 

Rowan 

Bill  Dover 

Salisbury 

Rutherford 

Maxie  Jolly  11 

Forest  City 

Sampson 

Dr.  Ted  Thomas,  III 

Clinton 

Scotland 

Francis  McDuffie 

Laurmburg 

Stanly 

N.A.  "Tony"  Lowder 

J 

Albemarle 

Stokes 

Bobby  Miller 

Walnut  Cove 

Surr\' 

Hugh  B.  Campbell  III 

Mt.  Airy 

Swani 

Jake  Hyatt 

Bryson  City 

Transylvania 

Dana  Hawkins 

Pisgah  Forest 

Tyrrell 

Vacant 

Union 

Ruth  S.  Starnes 

Monroe 

Vance 

Cornell  Manning 

Henderson 

Wake 

Lorrm  Freeman 

Raleigh 

Warren 

Carolyn  Ross-Holmes 

Littleton 

Washington 

Zebedee  Taylor 

Plymouth 

J 

Watauga 

Sue  Sweeting 

Blowing  Rock 

Wayne 

Larry  Jones 

Dudley 

Wilkes 

Bob  Johnston 

North  Wilkesboro 

Wilson 

Christopher  Boykm 

Sims 

Yadkin 

Hassell  Brown 

East  Bend 

Yancey 

Clvde  Mcintosh 

Burnsville 

794 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

2004  Libertarian  Party  of  North  Carolina  Platform 

Preamble 

We  hold  that  every  person  has  a  natural  right  to  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of 
happiness  and  property. 

We  hold  that  the  purpose  of  government  is  the  protection  of  the  rights  and 
{property  of  peaceful  individuals. 

We  hold  that  the  initiation  of  force  or  fraud  for  political  or  social  reasons  is 
(always  immoral,  and  it  is  contrary  to  the  principles  of  legitimate  government. 

We  hold  that  the  guarantor  of  personal  liberty  is  economic  freedom; 

Accordingly  the  Libertarian  Party  of  North  Carolina  seeks: 

Federal  Government  that  is  limited  to  the  powers  specifically  enumerated  for  it 
m  the  U.S.  Constitution. 

Federal,  state  and  local  government  that  does  not  attempt  to  manipulate  the 
pconomy  or  interfere  in  the  private  moral  decisions  of  any  individual. 

A  society  that  is  freer  and  more  prosperous,  based  on  the  respect  for  our 
iiifferences,  acknowledgement  of  the  creative  potential  of  a  free  market,  and  optimism 
;;or  the  future. 

/.  JUSTICE 

j      Crime 

The  only  real  crimes  are  those  which  result  in  direct  harm  to  a  person  or  property. 
\ny  criminal  laws,  poUcies,  and  programs  not  directly  based  upon  this  principle  of 
'ustice  have  no  place  m  a  free  and  ci\al  society.  The  LPNC  calls  for  the  \dgorous 
prosecution  of  crimes  with  victims,  and  the  repeal  of  all  laws  against  so-called 
A'ictimless  crimes."  Government  officials  should  not  be  immune  from  prosecution 
^f  criminal  acts  in  the  conduct  of  their  duties. 


End  the  War  on  Drugs 

The  LPNC  calls  for  the  immediate  end  to  the  insane  "war  on  drugs."  While  we 
do  not  advocate  the  use  of  drugs,  we  have  learned  that  drug  prohibition  is  worse 
|han  the  drugs  themselves.  We  call  for  the  legalization  of  all  drugs  and  the  immediate 
[)ardon  of  the  over  one-quarter  of  North  Carolina  prison  inmates  convicted  solely 
i)f  drug  charges  and  other  "victimless  crimes." 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Death  Penalty 

The  LPNC  opposes  execution  of  prisoners.  We  believe  that  state-sanctioned 


revenge  never  ser\'es  the  cause  o(  justice. 


Prisons 


Prisons  should  exist  to  separate  those  who  would  violate  the  rights  of  others  i 
from  civil  society.  The  Constitutional  rights  of  prisoners  and  ex-prisoners  should 
be  abridged  only  where  it  is  necessan,'  to  accomplish  this  purpose.  The  LPNC  calls 
for  prisons  that  are  humane,  with  programs  designed  to  provide  inmates  the 
discipline  and  skills  required  to  become  productive  and  law-abiding  citizens  upon , 
release.  ! 


Takings 

The  LPNC  opposes  the  taking  or  seizure  of  private  property  b)'  government  or 
by  agencies  acting  upon  governmental  authority.  We  support  compensation  for 
owners  whose  property  is  devalued  or  made  inaccessible  by  government  regulations. 

Environment 

The  basis  tor  effective  environmental  protection  is  found  in  upholding  property 
rights.  The  LPNC  calls  lor  the  repeal  of  any  laws  which  inhibit  owners  from  taking 
action  to  legally  protect  and  detend  their  property. 

Pollution 

Pollution  is  a  violation  of  rights  and  should  be  treated  as  such.  The  LPNC 
proposes  that  polluters,  either  public  or  private,  must  fully  compensate  affected 
property  owners  lor  their  losses.  If  the  act  of  pollution  is  deliberate  or  willfully' 
negligent,  criminal  penalties  should  also  apply  i 

Roadblocks  and  Searches  ' 

The  LPNC  calls  lor  a  halt  to  random  roadblocks  or  searches  of  any  kind.' 
Roadblocks  should  only  be  used  to  stop  known  fleeing  criminals.  Searches  shouldj 
only  be  conducted  m  strict  adherence  to  the  Constitution.  '' 


Militarization  of  Police  '' 

The  LPNC  decries  the  increasing  militarization  of  police.  Police  SWAT  teams 
increasingly  violate  our  rights  and  terrorize  innocent  civilians  in  a  manner  the  LPNCi 
believes  is  blatantly  unconstitutional.  Police  departments  exist  to  protect  and  servel 


796 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

their  citizens,  and  military  style  raids  have  no  place  in  a  civil  society.  The  LPNC 
calls  for  an  end  to  no-knock  searches  and  hooded  officers. 

Trial  by  Jury 

The  LPNC  fully  supports  the  right  of  every  person  accused  of  a  crime  to  a  trial 
;  by  jury,  regardless  of  the  nature  or  severity  of  the  crime.  Therefore,  the  LPNC  opposes 

attempts  to  replace  trial  by  jury  with  trial  by  miUtary  tribunals,  trial  by  executive 
.and  administrative  agency,  or  even  detention  without  trial.  The  LPNC  beUeves  that 
leases  of  alleged  contempt  of  court  (ci\dl  or  criminal)  should  be  tried  by  jury,  rather 
Ithan  by  judges  with  an  institutional  bias  in  favor  of  asserting  their  own  authority 
'We  favor  the  right  of  juries  to  judge  not  only  the  accused  but  also  the  law  through 

jury  nullification,  and  we  favor  requiring  judges  to  inform  juries  of  this  right. 


//.  SOCIAL  ISSUES 

Education 

The  LPNC  supports  any  attempt  by  parents  and  students  to  take  control  of 
their  education.  The  state  should  uphold  its  NC  Constitutional  mandate  to  ensure 
.that  children  have  access  to  a  quaUty  education,  by  lifting  the  burden  of  regulation 
jfrom  private  education  and  home  schooling,  and  by  allowing  as  much  school  choice 
as  possible. 

Daycare  and  Elder  Care 

j  The  LPNC  calls  for  the  complete  deregulation  of  the  daycare,  nursing  home 
land  home  health  care  industries.  This  will  make  these  services  more  diverse,  plentiful 
jand  inexpensive,  eliminating  the  perceived  need  for  government  intervention. 

Welfare 

The  LPNC  offers  a  positive  alternative  to  the  failed  welfare  state.  We  offer  a 
vision  of  a  society  based  on  individual  responsibility  and  private  charity.  Once 
people  are  free  to  keep  all  the  money  they  earn,  they  will  be  able  to  offer  direct 

f'  idividual  aid  that  is  truly  compassionate.  We  favor  ending  government  welfare 
rograms  as  quickly  as  possible. 

Housing 

The  LPNC  advocates  a  free  and  unregulated  housing  market.  We  call  for  the 
elimination  of  all  laws  which  dictate  to  homeowners  how  they  will  build,  inhabit. 


797 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

or  use  ihcir  property,  and  ol  all  regulations  which  increase  the  costs  of  housing.  In 
no  case  should  the  taxpayers  subsidize  another  s  choice  of  where  to  build  and  maintain 
housing. 

Healthcare 


I 


The  LPNC  calls  on  government  to  get  out  of  the  healthcare  industry  entirely.  ■ 
When  people  are  allowed  free  choice,  they  will  be  more  able  to  choose  the  care  they; 
want  at  a  price  they  can  atiord.  We  advocate  a  compassionate  approach  towards' 
those  currently  dependent  on  government  healthcare,  and  would  take  care  to  not 
increase  their  sulfering  m  pursuit  ot  this  goal. 

Marriage  ■ 

The  idea  that  gox'ernments  should  give  "license"  or  permission  tor  marriage  is, 
inconsistent  with  the  principles  ot  liberty  A  persons  union  with  another  is  ot  no 
concern  ot  the  state  except  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  next  of  kin  and  for  that 
purpose,  all  adults  must  be  treated  equally.  Accordingly,  the  LPNC  calls  for  the  state 
to  lea\'e  marriage  to  religious  institutions  or  private  contracts  and  to  repeal  or  amend 
all  laws  making  distinctions  based  on  a  state  of  marriage. 


///.  THE  FREE  MARKET 

Corporate  Welfare 

The  LPNC  calls  tor  the  end  of  any  and  all  corporate  welfare  policies.  We  believe 
that  the  tree  market  is  tar  more  efficient  than  government  at  deciding  which  forms 
of  business  most  beneht  North  Carolinians.  We  oppose  any  action  by  state  or  local 
government  to  subsidize  the  costs  of  private  business.  ! 


Business  and  Labor 

The  LPNC  calls  lor  the  immediate  abolition  ot  all  state  and  local  business  licenses, 
occupational  licenses,  and  franchise  tees  thus  freeing  the  members  ot  the  public  toi 
become  clients  ot  whomever  the)'  please  tor  whatever  price  and  level  ot  service  is' 
mutually  acceptable.  This  action  would  open  the  field  of  \'oluntar)'  licensing  and^ 
decrease  the  short  suppl)'  ot  alfordable  professionals  m  the  areas  of  health,  law.! 
engineering,  counseling,  real  estate,  dentistry,  embalming,  and  other  services.  We 
call  on  all  levels  of  government  to  eliminate  all  regulations  and  fees  that  artiticiall}j 
increase  the  costs  of  starting  and  maintaining  a  business,  or  of  gaining  employment.! 


798 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

Privatization 

The  LPNC  challenges  local  and  county  governments  to  seek  private  solutions 
for  basic  needs.  We  call  for  free  and  open  competition  in  all  areas  which  have  been 
previously  reserved  to  government-granted  monopoHes. 

Zoning 

The  LPNC  calls  for  the  repeal  of  all  zoning  ordinances.  In  their  place,  we  uphold 

the  rights  of  private  owners  to  use  and  develop  their  property  as  they  see  ht,  and  the 

;  rights  of  their  neighbors  to  be  protected  from  any  direct  harm  caused  by  such  use. 

We  encourage  people  to  establish  private  contractual  relationships  that  promote 

harmonious  land  use  and  development. 

( 

Transportation 

The  LPNC  challenges  state  and  local  government  to  stop  building  new  highways 

'  or  other  transportation  systems.  We  propose  giving  private  enterprise  the  opportunity 

Ito  come  up  with  innovative  transportation  solutions  without  government 

interference.  Current  roads  should  be  maintained  by  private  enterprise  until  such 

iitime  as  they  can  be  transferred  to  private  ownership. 

Agriculture  and  Forestry 

The  LPNC  supports  a  free  market  in  agriculture  and  forestry.  People  should  be 

'free  to  raise  any  agricultural  product  and  sell  it  at  market,  without  government 

subsidy  support,  or  interference.  Agricultural  and  forestry  research  should  be 

conducted  privately,  without  government  interference  or  support.  We  call  for  the 

[immediate  removal  of  all  taxes  on  agricultural  products  at  all  levels,  including 

Iproduction,  distribution,  storage,  transportation,  and  sale. 

Alcohol  Sales 

The  LPNC  calls  for  government  to  get  out  of  the  business  of  selling  alcohol. 
iThe  Alcohol  Beverage  Control  system  should  be  privatized  and  alcohol  sales 
deregulated  as  quickly  as  possible. 


799 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

IV  GOVERNMENT  AND  TAXATION  ! 

I 
Democracy  ! 

Access  lo  ihe  ballol  should  be  open  to  all  Constitutionally  C[ualificd  candidates.  ' 
All  candidates  lor  a  given  office  should  be  held  to  the  same  requirements,  regardless  | 
of  party  alfiliation.  The  people  should  have  easy  access  to  state  their  will  to  the  ' 
government  through  as  many  democratic  methods  as  possible,  including,  but  not  ' 
limited  to.  initiative,  reterendum,  recall,  proportional  representation,  and  write-in 
votes.  I 

i 

Fair  Campaigns  \ 

The  right  to  freedom  of  expression  must  include  the  unrestricted  right  to  pay  \ 
for  disseniination  ot  ones  opinion.  When  the  government  controls  the  funding  of , 
campaigns,  it  controls  the  campaigns  themselves,  and  thus  the  elections.  Accordingly, 
the  LPNC  calls  tor  an  end  to  all  limits  on  a  persons  right  to  support  the  candidate 
of  his  choice. 


Legislation  j 

The  LPNC  believes  bills  issuing  from  the  General  Assembly  should  be  as  simple  ' 
and  to  the  point  as  possible.  We  challenge  the  General  Assembly  to  write  bills  that 
cover  only  one  topic  and  that  can  be  understood  by  the  a\'erage  voter.  We  oppose 
riders,  unrelated  amendments,  or  an)'  other  attempt  to  pass  legislation  without  a 

clear,  open,  and  public  consideration  of  the  proposed  law.  [ 

f 

Annexation 

The  LPNC  opposes  forced  annexation  by  municipalities.  All  annexation  should ' 
be  subject  to  the  direct  approval  ol  those  living  in  areas  proposed  to  be  annexed,  j 

Taxation 

Taxation  is  by  its  very  nature  a  coercive  and  destructive  act  against  the  people. 
The  LPNC  believes  that  all  people  have  the  basic  right  to  keep  the  truits  ol  their 
labor  and  enterprise.  We  believe  that  the  costs  of  government  should  be  paid  for  by, 
voluntary  means  only  ! 

Property  Taxes  | 

The  LPNC  calls  lor  the  repeal  ol  all  property  taxes,  including  those  that  are  I 
applied  to  vehicles,  ec[Uipment,  capital  goods  and  pets.  I 


800 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

Federal  Grants 

The  LPNC  challenges  state  and  local  governments  to  turn  away  all  federal  grants 
and  the  restrictions  and  mandates  that  come  with  them.  We  call  on  the  federal 
government  to  release  control  and  funding  over  these  programs  to  the  state  and  to 
the  people  in  accordance  with  the  9'''  and  10'^  amendments  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States. 


Bonds 

To  the  extent  that  government  bonds  are  simply  deferred  taxes,  they  should  be 
'avoided  in  all  circumstances.  State  and  local  governments  should  take  action  to  pay 
!off  existing  bonds  as  quickly  as  possible,  and  refrain  from  the  issuance  of  new 
jbonds. 

I 

I 

Sale  of  Government  Lands  and  Assets 

The  LPNC  challenges  state  and  local  governments  to  privatize  as  many  lands 
and  assets  as  possible.  Many  functions  of  government  should  be  transferred  to 
private  ownership,  and  a  necessary  reduction  in  the  size  of  government  will  generate 
surplus  property.  We  call  for  a  fair  and  open  process  to  Uquidate  these  lands  and 
assets  at  maximum  value.  The  proceeds  from  these  sales  should  be  refunded  to  the 
taxpayers. 


V  FREEDOM 

Privacy 

The  LPNC  opposes  any  attempts  by  government  to  collect  information  on  the 
people,  except  in  the  Constitutionally  required  performance  of  its  duties.  All  personal 
information  gathered  by  government  must  be  kept  confidential,  and  not  used  or 
shared  except  directly  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was  gathered. 

Right  to  Keep  and  Bear  Arms 

The  LPNC  acknowledges  every  individual's  inalienable  right  to  choose  to  own 
and  carr)'  firearms  or  other  means  of  self-defense,  without  government  licensing, 
registration,  monitoring  or  interference  of  any  kind. 


801 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Selective  Service 


The  LPNC  rejecls  mvoluntar)'  servitude  for  any  person  except  as  punishment 
for  crime  as  unconstitutional.  The  state  of  North  Carolina  should  stop  enforcing 
the  unconstitutional  federal  law  rec[Uiring  )'Oung  men  to  register  for  the  military 
draft.  In  particular,  young  men  should  no  longer  be  required  to  register  for  the  draft 
in  order  to  gel  or  keep  a  North  Carolina  drivers  license. 

Boating,  Hunting  and  Fishing  Rights 

The  LPNC  calls  for  the  elimination  of  state  licenses  for  the  purposes  of  boating 
hunting,  or  hshing.  We  support  the  rights  of  private  land  owners  to  allow,  ban  o^ 
regulate  these  activities  on  their  property,  as  they  see  ht. 

Consensual  Relationships 

The  government  has  absolutely  no  place  telling  consenting  adults  which  adults 
they  can  love  or  how  they  can  love  one  another.  The  LPNC  calls  for  the  immediate 
repeal  of  all  laws  that  encourage  or  discourage  any  consensual  sexual  or  family 
relationships. 

Adoption 

The  LPNC  calls  for  a  total  deregulation  of  adoption  services.  We  believe  that 
easily  available  adoption  will  signihcantly  lower  abortion  and  child  abuse.  We 
support  the  rights  of  individuals  and  non-traditional  families  to  adopt. 

Immigration 

The  LPNC  welcomes  immigrants  to  our  state.  There  should  be  no  laws  that  set 
different  standards  for  immigrants  and  non-immigrants.  People  who  are  not  citizens 
should  enjoy  equal  treatment  under  the  law. 

Free  Association 

The  LPNC  supports  the  right  of  any  free  association  of  individuals  to  conduct! 
their  community  affairs  as  they  see  fit  consistent  with  individual  liberty,  withoutj 
interference  Irom  the  government. 


VT.  MISCELLANEOUS 

National  Libertarian  Party  Platform 

The  LPNC  affirms  and  adopts  the  platform  of  the  national  Libertarian  Party 

802 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

Omissions 

In  all  matters  where  the  LPNC  does  not  take  a  position  in  this  platform,  the 
iparty  shall  always  be  in  favor  of  the  position  which  grants  the  greatest  freedom  to 
,the  people  while  protecting  individual  rights,  and  which  most  limits  the  role  of 
igovernment 

For  more  information  on  the  Libertarian  Party  of  North  Carolina,  contact  Sean 
Haugh  at  (919)  286-0152.  Visit  the  party's  Web  site  at  www.lpnc.org  or 
Lnfo@lpnc.org. 


State  Executive  Committee 

Chair 

Barbara  Howe 

Oxford 

V^ice-Chair 

R.  Lee  Wrights 

Winston-Salem 

Recording  Secretary 

Beverly  Wilcox 

Wentworth 

Treasurer 

1 

Alex  Vuchinich 

Raleigh 

press  Secretary 

Brian  Irving 

Fayetteville 

r*olitical  Director 

Michael  Dixon 

Charlotte 

Vlembership  Secretary 

Sean  Haugh 

Durham 

Niewsletter  Editor 

Susan  Hogarth 

Raleigh 

Dutreach  Director 

Jim  Pitts 

Sanford 

3allot  Access  Coordinator 

David  Goree 

Asheville 

'ixecutive  Director 

Sean  Haugh 

Durham 

'Ixccui'w'c  Committee  Members  At  Large 
ifhomas  Hill  Concord 

'ennifer  Schulz 
^hil  Jacobson 
ohn  Powell 

County  Contacts  for  the  Libertarian  Party  of  North  Carolina 

iMamance  Joe  Fulks  Graham 

Vnson  Alan  Light  Wadesboro 

Vshe  Jeff  Cannon 

iWery  Vacant 

3eaufort  Charles  Dewey 


krtie 

Larry  Cook,  Jr. 

Aulander 

5laden 

Brian  Irving 

Fayetteville 

Brunswick 

Edward  Gore 

buncombe 

Carl  Milsted 

abarrus 

Jeff  Goforth 

Concord 

803 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


County  Contacts  for  the  Libertarian  Party  ofNofth  Carolina  (continued) 


Caldwell 

Brandon  Derr 

Lenoir 

Caswell 

Brian  Ewmg 

Burlington 

Calawba 

Jim  Stmson 

Chatham 

Fred  Blackburn 

Cherokee 

Dan  Eichenbaum 

Murphy 

Chowan 

John  Sams 

T)'ner 

Clay 

Leigh  Pmto 

Hayesville 

Cleveland 

John  Caveny 

Columbus 

Vacant 

Craven 

Richard  E\'ey 

Cumberland 

Brian  Irxing 

Eayettexalle 

Currituck 

James  Clark 

Moyock 

Davidson 

Mike  Smith 

Winston-Salem 

Davie 

Vacant 

Durham 

Sean  Haugh 

Durham 

Forsyth 

Lee  Wrights 

Franklin 

Charles  Yow 

Gaston 

Vickie  Filchuk 

Belmont 

Gates 

John  Sams 

Tyner 

Gramalle 

Barbara  Howe 

Oxford 

Guilford 

Tom  Bailey 

HaUfax 

Tom  Eisenmenger 

Roanoke  Rapids 

Harnett 

Brian  In-ing 

Fayetteville 

Haywood 

Eugene  Ruschenberg 

Henderson 

Richard  George 

Hoke 

Pete  Camp 

Iredell 

Russ  Miller 

Lee 

Jim  Pitts 

Sanford 

Lincoln 

Richard  Hicks 

Macon 

Larry  Ga\'el 

Franklin 

McDowell 

Todd  Mahle 

Mecklenburg 

Chris  Cole 

Moore 

Craig  Aldinger 

Fayetteville 

New  Hanover 

John  Evans 

Wilmington 

Onslow 

Tony  Maitilasso 

Jacksonville 

804 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

County  Contacts  for  the  Libertarian  Party  of  North  Carolina  (continued) 

Orange  Will  Shooter 

Pamlico  Brandon  Pryor  Havelock 


Pasquotank 

John  Sams 

Tyner 

Pender 

Doug  Dixon 

Watha 

Perquimans 

John  Sams 

Tyner 

Person 

Tom  Rose 

Pitt 

Mike  Ruff 

Greenville 

Randolph 

Viki  Prevo 

Asheboro 

Richmond 

David  Muse 

Hamlet 

Robeson 

Brian  Irving 

Fayetteville 

Rockingham 

Beverly  Wilcox 

Wentworth 

Rowan 

Ken  Cole 

Rutherford 

Eric  Holland 

Sampson 

Bill  Thompson 

Faison 

Stokes 

James  Lentz 

Walnut  Cove 

Transylvania 

Brian  Cioni 

Pisgah  Forest 

Union 

Alan  Light 

Wadesboro 

Vance 

Barbara  &  Tom  Howe 

Oxford 

Wake 

Steven  Hilton 

Watauga 

Don  Boyer 

Blowing  Rock 

Wayne 

Mike  Todaro 

Goldsboro 

Wilkes 

Pat  Kingsbury 

Wilson 

Douglas  J.  Ellis 

Elm  City 

Yadkm 

Hugh  Goforth 

Hamptonville 

Yancey 

Barry  Williams 

Burnsville 

805 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Republican  Party  of  North  Carolina  Platform 

(As  Adopted  on  May  21,  2004) 


Preamble 

1.  The  North  Carohna  Repubhcan  Party  represents  the  values  of  the  majority  of 
North  Carohnians. 

2.  We  believe  in  the  power  and  freedom  of  individuals.  We  oppose  all  efforts  to 
replace  that  power  with  undue  go\'ernmental  control. 

3.  Our  nation  was  founded  on  laith  m  God,  family,  country,  and  freedom. 
Efforts  to  modify  or  replace  these  core  x'alues  erode  the  foundations  of  our  society 
for  future  e,enerations. 

4.  The  United  States  is  a  democratic  republic  governed  by  elected  representati\'es. 
They  must  honor  the  original  meaning  of  our  Constitutions,  and  niust  protect  the  j 
inalienable  rights  of  the  American  people  as  stated  m  the  Bill  of  Rights  and  the  I 
North  Carolina  Declaration  of  Rights.  f 

5.  The  Republican  Party  is  strong,  principled  and  conservative.  It  is  the  party    ( 
thai  should  lead  the  state  of  North  Carolina.  We  want  to  represent  ever)'  facet  of 
American  society  not  by  patronage  but  by  principle,  and  not  by  dividing  interests 
but  by  seiA'ing  the  good  ol  all. 

6.  Membership  in  the  North  Carolina  Republican  Party  is  open  to  all  citizens 
residing  in  our  state  who  share  the  values  and  beliefs  expressed  m  this  document. 
We  recognize  a  duty  to  include  all  who  share  these  x'alues  and  beliefs,  making  a 
special  ettort  to  welcome  and  involve  those  trom  groups  not  traditionally  associated   . 
with  our  Party. 


Article  I:  Family 

1.  We  beliex-e  our  nations  strength  lies  with  the  family  The  family  is  where 
each  new  generation  gams  its  moral  anchor.  It  is  the  hrst  school  of  good  citizenship, 
the  engine  of  economic  progress,  and  a  hax'en  oi  security  and  understanding  in  an 
ever-changing  world. 

2.  Republicans  believe  that  a  two-parent  family,  where  a  husband  and  wife  live 
in  harmony  m  one  home,  pro\'ides  the  ideal  en\ironmcnt  for  raising  children  and 
is  the  best  model  for  family  life. 

3.  We  praise  the  courageous  efforts  of  single  parents  who  work  hard  to  provide 
stable  homes.  We  recognize  that  single  parents  often  succeed  and  that  two-parent 
families  sometimes  fail. 


806 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

4.  We  believe  homosexuality  is  not  normal  and  should  not  be  established  as  an 
acceptable  "alternative"  lifestyle  either  in  public  education  or  m  public  policy.  We 
do  not  believe  public  schools  should  be  used  to  teach  children  that  homosexuality 
is  normal,  and  vv^e  do  not  believe  that  taxpayers  should  fund  benefit  plans  for 
unmarried  partners.  We  oppose  special  treatment  by  law  based  on  nothing  other 
than  homosexual  behavior  or  identity.  We  oppose  actions,  such  as  "marriage"  or 
the  adoption  of  children  by  same-sex  couples,  which  attempt  to  legitimize  and 
normalize  homosexual  relationships.  We  support  the  Defense  of  Marriage  Act  and 
will  support  a  constitutional  amendment  to  ensure  that  marriage  is  limited  to  the 
union  of  one  man  and  one  woman.  We  commend  private  organizations,  such  as 
the  Boy  Scouts,  which  defend  moral  decency  and  freedom  according  to  their  own 
well-established  traditions  and  beliefs. 

5.  Many  children  do  not  live  in  lo\dng  families,  free  of  abuse  and  neglect.  This 
must  change.  Government  cannot  legislate  family  love  and  compassion  and  should 
not  preempt  parental  responsibility  for  children;  however,  government  can  protect 
children  from  abuse  and  neglect.  We  support  laws  that  balance  parental  rights  with 
the  protection  of  a  child s  life,  safety  and  well  being.  We  support  efforts  to  hasten 
the  adoption  of  foster  children  into  permanent,  safe  and  nurturing  homes.  We  urge 
strong  support  for  religious  and  private  initiatives  that  seek  to  promote  healthy, 
nurturing  famihes  and  work  to  restore  and  rebuild  dysfunctional  families. 


Article  11:  Economic  Policy 

1 .  We  believe  the  free  enterprise  system  is  the  most  effective  and  the  most  just 
economic  system  known.  Economic  freedom  is  essential  to  human  liberty.  Denying 
economic  freedom  diminishes  individual  human  dignity  as  well  as  the  general 
welfare. 

2.  Government  ought  to  provide  an  unencumbered  environment  for  individual 
initiative  and  private  enterprise  that  creates  jobs  and  raises  personal  income. 
Government  regulation  and  taxation  reduce  and  redistribute  income;  they  do  not 
create  it.  We  therefore  support  efforts  to  benefit  all  by  removing  the  burden  of 
excessive  taxation  and  needless  bureaucratic  regulations  that  hamper  economic 
growth. 

3.  Growth  in  employment  and  personal  income  requires  expanding  capital 
formation.  Taxing  capital  gains  as  ordinary  income  is  a  perverse  disincentive  for 
investment.  Therefore,  we  urge  the  General  Assembly  to  eliminate  capital  gains 
from  income  taxation. 

4.  We  urge  Congress  to  make  immediate  and  permanent  the  tax  changes 
implemented  in  2001  and  2003,  which  temporarily  removed  the  marriage  penalty 
and  the  death  tax  and  increased  the  child  tax  credit. 


807 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

5.  We  pay  taxes  to  local,  state  and  federal  governments  that  exceed  what  is 
necessary.  Currently  we  have  the  second-highest  tax  burden  m  the  southeastern 
United  States.  Government  spendmg  should  not  increase  more  than  population 
growth  and  mllation  combined.  A  Taxpayer  Protection  Act,  incorporating  this 
principle,  would  result  m  an  overall  reduction  m  tax  rates. 

6.  It  is  unfair  to  recruit  out-of-state  business  with  tax  incentives  when  North 
Carolina-owned  businesses  must  bear  the  burden  of  full  taxation.  The  best  way  to 
promote  economic  growth  is  to  reduce  the  overall  tax  burden  on  North  Carolina's    j 
businesses  and  individuals. 

7.  When  economic  times  are  hard,  government  must  reduce  spending.  Pork 
barrel  spending  is  never  right.  Raising  taxes  to  provide  preferential  treatment  for 
some  over  others  is  wasteful  and  unfair. 


Article  III:  Individual  Liberty 

1.  The  Republican  Party  of  North  Carolina  embraces  the  vision  for  America 
established  by  our  nations  founders  —  the  authors  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  the  U.  S.  Constitution,  the  Bill  of  Rights  and  the  North  Carolina 
Declaration  of  Rights. 

2.  Our  foreiathers  gave  individuals  four  ways  to  protect  themselves  against  the   j 
power  of  the  state;  CD  the  soapbox  (freedom  of  speech);  U)  the  ballot  box  (the 
right  to  vote);  (3)  the  juiy  box  (trial  by  peers);  and  (4)  the  cartridge  box  (right  to 
bear  arms).  The  Republican  Party  stands  against  efforts  to  erode  these  freedoms. 

3.  We  urge  both  the  Congress  and  the  General  Assembly  to  pass  legislation 
ending  the  ever-increasing,  incessant,  and  calculated  collection  and  dissemination 
of  personal  mtormation  on  law-abiding  citizens.  We  believe  that  cataloging  and 
cross-indexing  personal  information  such  as  tingerpnnts,  Social  Security  numbers, 
and  financial  credit  by  agencies  of  government  and  businesses  —  completely  unrelated 
to  criminal  activity  —  is  contrary  and  destructive  to  our  individual  and  collective 
freedom  and  privacy  However,  we  support  efforts  to  identify  and  to  track  terrorists, 
including  provisions  of  the  U.S.  Patriot  Act  which  treat  terrorists  no  more  favorably 
than  organized  criminals. 

4.  The  state  must  not  control  or  interfere  with  our  freedom  of  religion  and  the 
voluntary  expression  thereof.  We  oppose  efforts  to  remove  the  recognition  of  God 
from  our  schools  and  from  our  Pledge  of  Allegiance.  State  colleges  and  universities 
should  not  discriminate  for  or  against  any  religion;  and  should  not  promote  any 
religion  through  required  reading  assignments  or  courses. 

5.  Individual  liberty  and  redistribution  of  wealth  are  not  compatible.  We  oppose 
restricting  the  former  for  the  sake  of  the  latter. 


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6  Government  should  treat  all  citizens  fairly  and  impartially  and  should  assure 
equal  opportunity  for  all  without  regard  to  wealth,  race,  religion,  gender,  or  national 
origm.  We  oppose  all  forms  of  invidious  discrimination.  We  also  oppose  efforts  to 
include  sexual  orientation  as  a  category  for  preferential  treatment  status  under  civil 
rights  statutes  at  any  level  of  government.  Government  must  vigorously  enforce 
individual  civil  rights  as  guaranteed  by  the  U.S.  Constitution  and  by  the  North 
Carolina  Constitution. 

7  We  strongly  support  the  Second  Amendment  of  the  U.S.  Constitution  that 
guarantees  the  right  of  free  and  law-abiding  citizens  to  keep  and  bear  arms.  We 
oppose  any  government  effort  to  restrict  the  ownership,  sale,  purchase  and  "lawful 
carry"  of  firearms  by  law-abiding  citizens. 


Article  IV:  Sanctity  of  Life 

1.  The  North  Carolina  Republican  Party  believes  strongly  in  the  sanctity  of  all 
human  life. 

2.  We  believe  unborn  children  have  constitutional  rights  to  Ufe  and  liberty,  and 
we  therefore  urge  the  Supreme  Court  to  overturn  its  decision  in  Roe  vs.  Wade.  We 
also  support  the  adoption  of  a  constitutional  amendment  establishing  that  human 
life  begins  at  conception.  We  stand  with  the  overwhelming  majority  of  Americans 
who  oppose  efforts  to  mandate  legalized  abortion  or  to  fund  local,  national,  or 
international  organizations  that  provide  or  promote  abortion  services.  Abortion  is 
never  an  acceptable  method  of  birth  control. 

3.  We  oppose  the  heinous  procedure  known  as  partial-birth  abortion.  We 
applaud  President  Bush  and  the  majority  of  the  Congress  who  passed  into  law  the 
federal  Partial  Birth  Abortion  Ban.  We  urge  the  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  to 
pass  state  legislation  prohibiting  this  procedure.  Furthermore,  we  urge  members  of 
the  Republican  Party  of  North  Carohna  to  support  financially,  or  with  in-kind 
contributions,  only  those  candidates  or  nominees  who  support  measures  to  end 
partial-birth  abortions. 

4.  We  support  and  strongly  encourage  positive  alternatives  to  abortion,  such  as 
adoption.  We  believe  that  biases  against  intact,  caring  families  should  be  eliminated 
from  adoption  laws  and  tax  codes.  Adoption  should  be  encouraged  through 
significant  tax  credits,  insurance  reforms  and  legal  reforms. 

5.  We  oppose  the  erosion  of  parental  rights  and  responsibilities  by  agents  of 
the  state  when  it  comes  to  pregnant  unmarried  minors.  Informed  consent  and  parental 
consent  should  be  prerequisite  to  any  minor  receiving  family-planning  serv^ices. 

6.  We  support  all  developments  in  biomedical  research  and  technology  that 
enhance  and  protect  human  life.  But  we  oppose  any  new  development  that  does 
not  treat  all  human  life  as  a  precious  gift  of  God,  or  that  does  not  treat  ever)'  individual 

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human  Hie  as  a  locus  ol  unique  and  irreplaceable  dignity  no  matter  how  weak, 
immature,  or  dependent. 

7.  We  oppose  all  procedures  in  research  and  medicine  that  involve  the  intentional 
destruction  of  innocent  human  life  except  to  save  a  mothers  life.  We  also  oppose 
the  cloning  ot  whole  human  beings,  the  use  ot  human  embryos  in  research  for 
purposes  other  than  ad\'ancmg  their  own  health  and  safety,  as  well  as  all  forms  of 
active  euthanasia. 

8.  We  urge  the  recruitment  and  support  of  candidates  who  will  work  hard  to 
protect  all  innocent  human  lite. 


Article  V:  State  Government 

1.  The  North  Carolina  Republican  Party  encourages  our  state  legislature  to  be 
efficient,  effective,  and  responsive  to  the  people  as  a  part-time  citizen  legislature. 

2.  Legislative  session  limits  must  be  accompanied  by  measures  to  ensure  that 
policy  decisions  are  made  by  elected  legislators  and  are  not  made  by  unelected  state 
employees  or  legislative  staff. 

3.  Government  should  encourage  citizens  to  pursue  happiness  through  honest, 
hard  work  and  should  not  be  m  the  business  of  subverting  the  rewards  of  honest 
labor.  Therelore,  we  oppose  any  expansion  ot  legally  sanctioned  gambUng,  including 
a  state  lottery. 

4.  A  state  lottery  turns  government  into  a  bookie,  succeeds  only  on  the  basis  ot 
false  advertising,  capitalizes  on  broken  dreams  and  personal  irresponsibility,  and 
places  the  burden  of  taxation  most  hea\'ily  on  those  who  are  least  able  to  afford  it. 
A  referendum  on  a  lottery  is  not  only  unconstitutional  but  also  extremely  unwise  as 
millions  m  corporate  gambling  money  could  be  used  to  drive  up  Democratic  turnout. 

5.  We  support  a  ban  on  video  poker,  as  recommended  by  all  100  Sherifts. 

6.  We  oppose  passing  unfunded  mandates  at  any  level  of  government.  We  call 
on  each  level  ot  government  to  fully  fund  the  programs  they  establish  or  require  of 
other  levels  of  government. 

7.  The  General  Assembly  shall  adopt  zero-based  budgeting.  It  shall  not 
automatically  continue  programs  before  establishing  their  efficacy 

8.  Elected  otticials  should  not  appear  in  "public  ser\ace  ads"  funded  in  whole 
or  m  part  with  state  funds,  unless  that  official  has  already  announced  retirement 
trom  office. 

9.  All  state  funds  shall  be  used  as  appropriated  and  subject  to  audit. 


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NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

Article  VI:  Election  Laws 

1.  The  ballot  box  is  the  only  true  protection  citizens  have  against  tyrannical 
abuse  of  power  by  the  state.  The  Democrat  Party  has  used  insidious  practices  that 
deny  the  majority  of  North  Carolinians  the  honest  representation  they  deserve. 
Unable  to  win  elections  in  a  fair  hght,  it  has  relied  upon  franked  mail,  calling 
special  elections,  gerrymandering,  and  manipulation  of  voter  registration  laws.  Our 
laws  should  do  everything  possible  to  protect  against  voter  fraud. 

2.  Voters  should  select  government  officials  and  government  officials  should 
not  select  voters.  We  therefore  support  reasonable,  compact,  congressional  districts 
and  single-member  legislative  districts  that  do  not  spUt  counties  in  accordance  with 
the  North  Carolina  State  Constitution.  When  the  legislature  does  not  follow  state 
and/or  federal  law  when  drawing  legislative  districts,  legal  action  should  be  pursued. 

3. We  recognize  the  independence  of  the  judicial  branch  of  government,  and 
oppose  attempts  to  breach  that  independence  by  plans  to  appoint  state  judges  rather 
than  elect  them.  The  right  to  control  our  state  judiciary  through  regular,  direct 
elections  is  one  of  our  most  valuable  rights. 

4.  The  voters  of  North  Carolina  will  make  the  right  choice  at  the  ballot  box 
when  they  have  full  and  timely  information  on  candidates'  campaign  hnances.  Prompt 
and  accurate  reporting  is  the  best  campaign  finance  reform.  We  oppose  funding  any 
election  campaign  with  public  funds. 

5.  We  support  the  rights  of  referendum,  recall  and  initiative  whether  by  statute 
or  constitutional  amendment.  Current  ballot-access  laws  in  North  Carolina  are  meant 
to  limit  debate.  These  laws  must  be  eased  to  ensure  greater  citizen  participation  and 
influence.  The  RepubUcan  Party  is  not  afraid  of  the  peoples  voice.  We  believe  the 
public  is  not  well  served  by  nonpartisan  judicial  elections.  We  urge  the  General 
Assembly  to  allow  the  party  affiliation  of  judicial  candidates  to  appear  on  the  ballot. 

6.  We  will  follow  the  Bipartisan  Campaign  Finance  Reform  Act  as  the  law  of  the 
land.  However,  despite  the  Supreme  Courts  ruling  we  can  read  the  Constitution  for 
ourselves.  We  observe  that  it  quite  obviously  abridges  our  freedom  to  speak  on 
core  political  subjects.  We  urge  Congress  to  repeal  this  act. 


Article  VII:  Education 

1.  The  Repubhcan  Party  of  North  Carolina  believes  strongly  in  the  value  of 
maintaining  a  good  system  of  public  education.  Good  public  education  is  impossible 
unless  parents,  not  the  state,  have  control  over  where  their  children  will  be  educated. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2.  Choice  and  competilion  have  sewed  the  state  well  in  higher  education  and 
we  beliex'c  choice  and  competition  should  be  used  to  improve  public  education  at 
primarx'  and  secondary  levels  as  well.  We  oppose  regulatory  attempts  to  deny  learning 
options  tor  our  children.  For  these  reasons,  we  support  tax  credits  for  parents  who 
relieve  the  burden  on  our  public  schools  by  lawtuUy  educating  their  children  in 
private  or  home  schools.  We  support  charter  schools  and  we  urge  the  legislature  to 
remove  the  cap  that  limits  the  number  of  charter  schools  Parents  are  the  best  ]udges 
of  what  kind  of  schooling  is  best  for  their  children.  There  should  not  be  any 
additional  legal  restrictions  on  parents  ability  to  lawfully  education  their  children  at 
home. 

3.  Our  current  system  of  top-hea\^,  bureaucratic,  centrally  planned  public 
education  is  failing  to  ensure  the  quality  of  education  our  children  need  and  desen-e. 
Therefore,  we  support  measures  that  maintain  the  independence  ot  North  Carolina 
schools  from  the  federal  government.  We  support  keeping  all  North  Carolina 
education  dollars  m  North  Carolina  without  going  to  maintain  unneeded  bureaucrats 
at  the  national  level. 

4.  Incremental  change  of  this  failing  system,  augmented  b)-  higher  taxes,  higher 
spending,  and  more  regulation  will  not  meet  the  needs  ol  North  Carolina's  future 
citizens. 

5.  Real  education  reform  means  local  control  ot  curriculum,  budget,  textbook 
selection,  and  personnel  m  the  public  schools.  We  believe  parents  must  have 
complete  access  to  all  intormation  concerning  curriculum  and  activities  used  m 
educating  their  children,  and  we  believe  parents  must  have  access  to  all  materials 
used  for  teacher  development  in  the  public  school  system. 

6.  Real  reform  must  also  include  defining  academic  performance  standards, 
cutting  administrative  waste,  and  establishing  part-time  and  alternative  teacher 
certihcation.  Our  students  must  have  the  best  possible  teachers  m  the  classroom. 
Teachers  should  be  paid,  retained,  and  promoted  based  on  the  ciuality  of  then- 
work,  not  on  the  length  of  their  ser\'ice;  to  that  end,  we  support  abolition  of  the 
Teacher  Tenure  Act. 

7.  Students  are  not  served  by  the  ideological  indoctrination  inherent  m  outcome- 
based  education.  All  children  should  be  able  to  read  and  write  at  grade  level  and  all 
high  school  graduates  should  be  proficient  at  the  twelfth  grade  level  rather  than  at 
the  eighth  grade  level  currently  allowed  by  the  state.  We  believe  the  "No  Child  Lett 
Behind"  law  has  the  correct  goal  of  requiring  schools  to  educate  all  children  to 
grade  level.  Social  promotion  should  be  eliminated  because  it  hurts  children  by 
promoting  them  before  they  are  prepared  for  the  next  grade. 

8.  All  schools  should  encourage  patriotism  and  knowledge  of  the  traditional  '> 
values  of  Western  civilization  upon  which  our  republic  is  based.  We  oppose  using 
public  dollars,  to  fund  liberal  attempts  at  social  engineering  contrary  to  the 

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NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

foundations  on  which  our  nation  rests.  We  support  daily  recitation  of  the  Pledge  of 
Allegiance  in  our  schools,  and  we  believe  every  classroom  should  display  an 
American  flag  and  a  copy  of  our  national  motto  —  "In  God  We  Trust." 

9.  Republicans  oppose  mandatory  sex  education  m  public  schools  and  believe 
sex  education  should  not  be  mcluded  m  any  public  school  program  without 
obtaining  prior  approval  from  parents  or  guardians.  Where  sex  education  is  included, 
we  support  teaching  abstinence  until  marriage  as  required  by  state  law,  and  as  the 
expected  norm  for  acceptable  sexual  behavior.  National  studies  have  shown  that  the 
majority  of  Americans  agree  with  this  approach.  The  practice  of  abstinence  until 
marriage  is  the  most  effective  way  to  prevent  teenage  pregnancies,  absentee  fathers, 
abortion,  and  sexually  transmitted  diseases.  It  is  also  the  most  effective  way  to 
create  healthy  relationships  and  healthy  self-esteem  among  young  people. 

10.  We  oppose  the  provision  of  school-based  social  services,  including  school- 
based  clinics  and  mental  health  programs,  which  attempt  to  bypass  parental  authority 
and  responsibility. 

11.  Just  as  discourse  on  public  policy  relies  on  moral  principles  based  on 
spiritual  convictions,  so  also  learning  must  rely  on  moral  principles  supported  by 
our  deepest  convictions.  We  beUeve  America  must  be  neutral  toward  religion  itself. 
But  mindful  of  our  country's  Judeo-Christian  heritage  and  rich  religious  pluralism, 
we  also  support  the  right  of  students  to  engage  m  voluntary  prayer  m  school  and 
the  right  of  others  to  pray  as  well  at  public  occasions  such  as  commencement 
exercises.  We  also  strongly  support  equal  access  to  school  facihties. 

12.  North  Carolina  has  traditionally  pro\aded  affordable  higher  education  to 
its  citizens.  But  taxpayers  should  not  be  required  to  fund  higher  education  for 
illegal  immigrants. 

13.  We  oppose  the  restriction  of  free  speech  and  free  assembly  by  public 
educational  institutions  on  ideological  or  religious  grounds. 


Article  MH:  Justice 

1.  One  of  the  first  duties  of  government  is  maintaining  law  and  order,  thereby 
allowing  citizens  freedom  to  pursue  the  blessings  of  life  and  liberty. 

2.  Law-abiding  citizens  often  live  in  fear  of  crime  in  their  neighborhoods  and 
schools.  By  better  allocation  of  resources  and  tax  dollars,  the  crime  rate  can  be 
reduced  and  the  state  can  ensure  the  rights  of  innocent  people  and  victims,  as  well 
as  the  legitimate  rights  of  the  accused.  We  support  the  principle  of  victims  rights, 
including  restitution  and  notification. 

3.  We  believe  the  death  penalty  deters  some  murders.  But  we  also  believe  crime 
calls  for  punishment  directly  proportional  to  the  wrong  perpetrated  against  its  victims 
and  against  the  moral  order.  Therefore,  we  believe  the  death  penalty,  whether  or  not 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

it  sen'cs  \o  elder  other  crimtnal  acts,  is  the  right  punishment  [or  premechtated  murder. 
We  call  lor  legislation  to  drastically  reduce  the  time  between  death  sentence  and 
executions  that  lasts  tor  years  and  years  making  a  mockery  ot  the  law. 

4.  Drug  and  alcohol  abuse  are  major  problems  m  North  Carolina.  We  support 
effecti\'e  educational  and  treatment  programs  to  address  these  problems.  We  call  for 
stiffer  punishment  (or  drivers  who  drive  while  impaired  by  drugs  or  alcohol.  We 
oppose  decriminalizing  or  legalizing  drugs  that  are  currently  illegal.  Drug  users 
must  face  stiffer  penalties  for  contributing  to  the  supply  of  these  poisonous  products. 
We  applaud  new  laws  that  have  lengthened  prison  terms  lor  persons  convicted  of 
selling  illegal  drugs. 

5.  We  are  repulsed  by  the  rise  of  gratuitous  violence  and  pornography  m 
literature,  music  and  the  electronic  media.  Therefore,  we  support  mandatory  labeling 
on  commercial  products  of  this  kind,  and  we  oppose  using  tax  dollars  to  support 
these  offensive  materials.  We  also  vigorously  endorse  constitutional  laws  to  control 
obscene  materials  that  degrade  anyone  —  particularly  women  and  children. 

6.  We  endorse  new  laws  that  stiffen  penalties  for  abducting,  exploiting  or  abusing 
children.  We  oppose  domestic  x'iolence  and  spousal  abuse.  We  support  community 
organizations  that  work  with  the  justice  system  to  provide  efficient  and  eflective 
solutions  for  tamily  members  lacing  domestic  violence  and  abuse. 

7.  We  support  military-style  boot  camps  and  prisons  with  less  attention  to 
inmate  comtort  and  more  direction  toward  security,  labor,  and  education.  Prison 
labor  should  be  used  for  construction  of  the  facilities  when  possible.  All  inmates 
should  be  required  to  work  and  pay  lor  their  incarceration,  including  reasonable 
payment  for  health  and  dental  care. 

8.  As  more  individuals  ha\'e  abandoned  responsibility  tor  their  children,  the 
cost  to  responsible  citizens  has  increased.  We  support  efforts  to  force  "dead-beat" 
parents  to  meet  their  hnancial  obligations. 

9.  We  support  tort  reform,  including  a  cap  on  awards  for  pain  and  suftenng, 
reform  m  the  collateral  source  rule,  limiting  fees  to  attorneys,  allcnving  more  of  the 
award  for  the  victim,  and  structured  payments  o^  awards. 


Article  IX:  Environment 

1 .  We  athrm  our  continuing  commitment  to  stewardship  of  our  God-given 
natural  heritage  that  contributes  so  much  to  the  quality  of  life  in  North  Carolina. 
Republicans  believe  we  all  have  a  duty  to  protect  air  quality,  water  c|uality,  productix'e 
forests,  and  abundant  wildlife. 

2.  In  general,  we  believe  that  extending  and  enforcing  private  property  rights 
protects  the  environment  better  than  increasing  government  regulation.  To  the  extent 


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NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

government  regulation  is  needed,  it  should  be  flexible  and  not  proceed  without 
first  proving  that  the  ecological  benefits  of  new  regulations  warrant  the  cost. 

3.  When  government  takes  the  economic  value  of  property  by  environmental 
regulatory  action,  it  should  compensate  landowners  in  proportion  to  their  loss.  We 
also  recognize  that  local  economies  and  local  levels  of  government  are  both  adversely 
affected  when  land  is  removed  from  the  local  tax  base  by  environmental  "set-asides" 
for  conservation  or  easements. 

4.  Environmental  policy  should  be  based  on  sound  science,  not  trendy 
pseudoscience.  We  should  be  more  concerned  with  results  than  intentions. 


Article  X:  National  Policy 

1.  We  support  our  President  in  all  phases  of  the  war  against  terrorism,  including 
preventing  rogue  nations  from  having  or  obtaining  weapons  of  mass  destruction. 
We  support  our  troops  as  they  fight  our  enemies.  Americans  owe  our  continued 
freedom  and  security  to  the  deeds  of  these  brave  men  and  women. 

2.  The  most  important  responsibility  of  the  federal  government  assigned  in  the 
U.S.  Constitution  is  "to  provide  a  common  defense"  for  the  states  and  the  nation. 
Our  borders  must  be  made  more  secure.  The  federal  government  should  actively 
enforce  its  immigration  laws.  Opposing  "racial  profiling"  in  absolute  terms  is  neither 
wise  nor  moral  if  imposed  blindly  at  the  expense  of  national  security. 

3.  Americas  defense  must  come  second  to  none.  The  Repubfican  Party  of  North 
Carolina  opposes  any  attempts  to  weaken  our  national  defense.  We  support  efforts 
to:  (1)  restore  the  ban  against  known  homosexuals  in  the  military;  (2)  prevent 
women  from  being  assigned  to  front-fine  combat  roles;  (3)  restore  the  American 
armed  forces  to  full  combat  readiness;  and  (4)  prohibit  deployment  of  U.  S.  troops 
under  United  Nations  or  any  other  foreign  command. 

4.  We  believe  a  "one-world"  government  and  a  "one-world"  economy  are  threats 
to  the  sovereignty  of  the  United  States.  Furthermore,  we  oppose  any  foreign  effort 
to  influence  our  elections  process  and  our  ability  to  govern  ourselves. 

5.  American  participation  m  the  United  Nations,  or  any  other  international  body, 
must  never  sacrifice  the  constitutional  sovereignty  of  the  United  States.  Therefore, 
we  oppose  refinquishing  U.S.  freedom  and  independence  to  any  organization  or 
agency  claiming  authority  to  impose  and  enforce  global  regulations  or  standards 
upon  the  United  States  of  America.  The  United  States  will  never  require  a  permission 
slip  from  the  United  Nations  in  matters  affecting  its  national  security. 


815 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

6.  The  Ntirth  Carolina  Republican  Party  recognizes  the  need  for  legally  binding 
treaties  between  nations,  but  we  only  support  treaties  that  preser\'e  American  freedom 
and  independence  and  are  consistent  with  sen'ing  the  common  good  of  our  people. 
Therefore,  we  strongly  support  efforts  by  President  George  W.  Bush  to  revise  or 
withdraw  from  any  treat)'  that  compromises  our  constitutional  sovereignty,  that 
undermines  national  defense,  or  that  hinders  American  companies  from  competing 
internationallv  on  a  tree-market  basis. 

7.  As  Republicans,  we  support  a  constitutional  amendment  requiring  a  balanced 
budget.  We  support  spending  cuts  as  the  right  means  to  balance  the  federal  budget 
and  ta.x  rate  reductions  as  the  right  way  to  stimulate  the  economy. 

8.  Individuals  should  work  m  return  tor  public  assistance  but  spending 
restrictions  on  workfare  workers  should  be  abolished.  Advances  m  technology 
now  make  it  possible  to  administer  gradual  removal  of  welfare  benehts  so  that  one 
can  gam  more  from  working  m  the  private  sector  than  staying  m  a  workfare  program. 
Our  nation  needs  to  change  from  a  welfare  state  to  an  opportunity  society. 

9.  We  share  President  George  W,  Bushs  commitment  to  keep  faith  with  both 
the  past  and  the  future  by  saving  Social  Security.  We  oppose  annual  raids  on  Social 
Security  trust  funds,  and  we  support  protecting  these  funds  by  balancing  the  federal 
budget  apart  from  Social  Security  reseiwes,  which  should  be  entirely  dedicated  toward 
meeting  luture  obligations.  We  support  innovative  solutions  offered  by  President 
George  W  Bush  that  will  strengthen  Social  Security  by  offering  todays  workers 
more  choice  and  control  over  their  own  retirement  security,  but  in  ways  that  do  not 
harm  anx'one  already  on  Social  Security  or  anyone  who  is  now  close  to  being  eUgible 
for  Social  Security  benefits. 

10.  We  belie\'e  all  Americans  need  access  to  high-quality  healthcare  at  affordable 
prices  with  a  range  oi  options  trom  which  they  can  choose  what  is  best  for  their 
own  needs.  Government  should  do  nothing  to  harm  the  quality  of  healthcare  m  the 
private  sector.  Therefore,  we  support  efforts  to  enhance  available  healthcare  by 
balancing  public  policy  with  private-sector  enterprise  and  personal  responsibility. 
We  do  not  believe  free  healthcare  should  be  provided  to  illegal  immigrants  except 
for  emergency  ser\ices. 

11.  Government  actions  on  healthcare  must  always  complement  and  never 
supplant  the  private  sector  and  always  support  and  ne\'er  hinder  individual  and 
family  responsibilities.  We  support  medical  sa\'ings  accounts  as  a  good  innovation 
because  they  combine  personal  responsibility  with  access  to  affordable  healthcare.  |1 

12.  The  only  honest  and  correct  approach  to  the  interpretation  of  our  constitution 
and  laws  requires  keeping  faith  with  their  original  intent.  We  call  on  Congress,  the 
President,  and  the  courts  to  abide  bv  the  Ninth  and  Tenth  Amendments  constrainN 
on  federal  power,  and  to  oppose  and  reverse  federal  encroachments  upon  all  power:- 


816 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

and  rights  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  has  reserved  to  the  states,  or  to  the 
people. 


Conclusion 

1 .  We  are  proud  to  be  citizens  of  the  United  States  of  America  —  a  nation  that 
has  become  the  greatest  in  history  because  it  is  a  nation  buiU  on  the  promise  of 
freedom  and  opportunity  for  all.  We  pledge  eternal  vigilance  in  guarding  the  freedoms 
and  opportunities  now  enjoyed  by  every  citizen. 

2.  We  open  our  arms  to  every  citizen  who  shares  the  beliefs  and  values  stated  in 
this  platform.  We  in\ate  all  North  Carolinians  to  join  the  ranks  of  the  Republican 
Party  of  North  Carolina,  a  mighty  force  for  the  conser\'ative  values  and  vision  that 
make  us  a  nation  that  is  good  and  great.  We  believe  the  values  of  the  Republican 
Party  embody  the  American  Dream  that  brought  our  forefathers  to  this  land  and 
that  draws  people  from  all  over  the  world  to  our  shores  today,  and  that  is  the  vision 
that  makes  the  United  States  of  America  the  best  and  brightest  nation  on  earth. 

3.  May  we  always  enjoy  the  heritage  and  bounties  with  which  we  are  now  so 
richly  blessed  in  the  state  of  North  Carolina. 

For  more  information  on  the  North  Carolina  Republican  Party: 

j  N.C.  Republican  Party 
I  ISOGHiUsboroughSt. 
Raleigh,  N.C.  27605 

Phone:  919.828.6423  Fax:  919.899.3815 

Or  visit  the  party's  web  site  at  www.ncgop.org. 


817 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Republican  Party'  Central  Committee 

Chairman  Ferrell  Blount 

Vice-Chair  Linda  Daves 

Committee  Woman  Linda  O.  Shaw 

Committee  Man  Jim  Cam 


Secretary 
Treasurer 
Legal  Counsel 
Finance  Chan- 
Past  Chairman 
1st  Chair 
2nd  Chair 
3rd  Chair 

4th  Chair 
5th  Chair 
6th  Chair 
7th  Chair 

8th  Chair 
9th  Chair 
10th  Chair 
11th  Chair 

12th  Chan- 
nth  Chan- 
House  Leader 
Senate  Leader 


Joan  A.  Fleming 
Hams  Vaughan 
Marshall  Hurley 
K.D.  Kennedy  Jr. 

Bill  Cobey 
Ed  Wharton 
Dan  Mansell 
Marcia  M.  Spiegel 

Bill  Carraway 
Phillip  M.  Snow 
Elizabeth  Kelly 
Andy  Koeppel 

David  C.  Black 
John  Torbett 
Joe  Seegers 
David  A.  Saw)'er 

Charona  Remillard 
Chris  Farr 
Rep.  Joe  Kiser 
Sen.  Jim  Forrester 


Bethel 
Charlotte 
Greensboro 
Raleigh 

Lewisville 
Raleigh 
Gibsonville 
Raleigh 

Chapel  Hill 
Goldsboro 
Selma 
Arapahoe 

Apex 
Toast 

Southern  Pines 
Wilmington 

Midland 
Stanley 
Newland 
Bryson  City 

Winston-Salem 

Raleigh 

Vale 

Stanley 


Joint  Leader 

President  County  Chairs 
President  Womens'  Fed 
President  Mens'  Fed 


Rep.  John  Blust 
Robert  E.  Rector 
Martha  Jenkins 
Lee  Settle 


Greensboro 
Oxford 
Chapel  Hill 
Pinehurst 


Chair  Young  Republicans 
Chair  College  Republicans 


Joe  Stansbury 
Michael  Pomarico 


Raleigh 
Wilmington 


818 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES 


CHAPTER    TEN 


819 


UNITE 


United  States  Government 

On  April  24,  1778,  the  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  ratihed  the  Articles 
of  Confederation,  the  first  "Constitution''  of  the  new  United  States.  It  proved  to  be 
ineffective  in  holding  the  nation  together.  A  decade  later  North  Carolina  was  caught 
up  in  a  bitterly  divisive  contest  over  a  second  federal  constitution.  While  North 
Carolina's  legislature  had  approved  the  Articles  of  Confederation  with  Uttle  debate, 
the  Constitution  engendered  a  two-year  war  of  words  before  a  constitutional 
convention  meeting  in  Fayetteville  ratified  it  on  November  21,  1789. 

In  1777,  debate  over  the  nature  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation  in  the  Continental 
Congress  had  been  lackluster  until  the  arrival  of  Thomas  Burke,  a  delegate  from 
North  Carolina.  Burke  was  outraged  by  the  draft  version  of  the  Articles  of 
Confederation,  which  he  believed  ceded  too  much  authority  to  a  national 
government  and  resei-ved  too  little  to  the  states. 

He  wrote  back  to  Governor  Richard  Caswell  ^'[t]hat  the  more  experience  1  acquire, 
the  stronger  is  my  conviction  that  unlimited  power  cannot  be  safely  trusted  to  any 
man,  or  set  of  men,  on  earth."  Burke  feared  that  the  governmental  structure  established 
in  the  Articles  would  allow  power  to  coalesce  around  a  small  group  of  men  removed 
from  the  close  supervision  of  their  electorate.  Burke  instead  argued  convincingly 
for  a  "constitution"  that  would  secure  state  powers  against  encroachment  by  a  national 
government.  Burke  believed  this  balance  of  power  would  create  "a  firm  league  of 
friendship"  among  the  states. 

Not  quite  a  decade  later,  it  was  apparent  to  many  in  the  former  colonies  that  the 
arrangement  of  power  in  the  Continental  Congress  was  not  "hrm"  and  was  decidedly 
lacking  in  "friendship."  During  the  summer  of  1787,  delegates  from  twelve  states, 
including  five  representatives  from  North  CaroHna,  assembled  in  Philadelphia  to 
write  a  new  Constitution  for  the  nation. 

George  'Washington  wrote  a  friend  that  it  was  his  "wish  .  .  .  that  the  convention 
may  adopt  no  temporizing  expedients,  but  probe  the  defects  of  the  constitution  to 
the  bottom,  and  provide  a  radical  cure,  whether  they  are  agreed  to  or  not."  Many 
leaders  in  the  states  and  among  the  delegates  attending  the  Philadelphia  convention 
agreed  with  Washington's  sentiment.  All  were  concerned  that  the  nation's  experiment 
in  republican  democracy  might  collapse  before  it  had  an  opportunity  to  succeed. 
William  Richardson  Davie  of  North  Carolina  noted  the  "repeated  and  decisive  proofs 
of  the  total  inefficiency  of  our  general  government." 


(STATES  GOVERNMENT 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004  ] 

Most  ot  the  con\-ention  delegates  assembled  m  Philadelphia  agreed  with  General 
Washington  on  the  nations  need  for  a  "radical  cure."  From  May  25  to  September  [ 
17,  1787,  delegates  debated  the  rec[Uirements  of  a  "more  perfect  union,"  always 
fearful  that  the  nation  was  teetering  on  the  brink  of  anarchy  and  that  their  efforts 
might  not  prove  timely  or  radical  enough  to  rescue  the  fruits  of  self-government 
won  during  the  American  Revolution.  The  document  that  emerged  from  the 
Philadelphia  convention  provided  more  scope  for  national  inten^ntion  m  the  affairs 
of  the  indi\adual.  At  the  same  time,  the  proposed  Constitution  set  limits  on  what 
states  might  do  and  expanded  the  national  governments  abilities  to  establish 
economic  policy  and  carry  it  out. 

The  histoiy  behind  the  choices  made  during  those  four  months  m  Philadelphia 
reflects  the  rapid  social,  political  and  economic  changes  that  swept  the  new  nation 
in  its  first  decade  from  the  Declaration  of  Independence  on  July  4,  1776,  to  the 
summer  of  1787.  Those  choices  presented  the  United  States  with  the  first  opportunity 
in  history  for  a  people  to  take  the  future  m  their  own  hands  and  mold  it  to  their 
own  ideas  of  libertv  and  freedom. 

J 

North  Carolina  Creates  Its  First  Goventment 

For  the  people  of  North  Carolina,  the  experiment  m  self-government  began 
with  the  creation  of  their  own  state  constitution  m  1776.  It  was  one  thing  to  declare 
oneself  independent,  however,  and  quite  another  to  determine  how  best  to  use  that 
independence.  In  November,  1776,  the  citizens  of  Mecklenburg  County  issued  a 
series  of  instructions  to  their  delegates  to  the  North  Carolina  Provincial  Congress. 
The  congress  was  slated  to  meet  m  Halifax  to  draft  the  states  hrst  constitution.  The  '' 
instructions  issued  to  the  Mecklenburg  representatives  required  them  to  try  "to  ; 
establish  a  free  government  under  the  authority  of  the  people  of  the  State  of  North 
Carolina  and  that  the  government  be  a  simple  democracy  or  as  near  it  as  possible."  : 
The  instructions  also  urged  the  Mecklenburg  delegates  to  seek  a  bill  of  rights,  a  ' 
separation  of  powers  provision  and  a  supremacy  clause  m  the  final  draft  of  the 
constitution.  Most  important,  the  constitution  should  recognize  that  "Ulhe  principal 
supreme  power  is  possessed  by  the  people  at  large."  Although  the  North  Carolina  , 
constitution  ratified  on  December  17-18,  1776,  did  not  fully  reflect  the  demands  of - 
the  Mecklenburg  delegation,  it  did  recognize  that  political  sovereignty  rested 
ultimately  m  the  people.  It  was  prefaced,  moreover,  v/ith  a  declaration  securing  to 
citizens  freedom  oi  the  press,  assembly  and  religion,  among  other  rights. 

North  Carolina's  constitution  contrasted  sharply  with  the  Articles  of 
Confederation.  The  latter  had  no  bill  of  rights.  It  x'ested  almost  total  sovereignty  in 
the  states  and  failed  to  clearly  establish  the  structure  and  powers  of  the  new  national 
government.  The  national  government  established  by  the  Articles  lacked  both  an 
executive  and  a  judiciary  branch  (except  in  the  limited  area  of  admiralty  law). 


822 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POLITICAL    PARTIES  CHAPTER    TEN 

While  North  Carohna's  state  government  was  often  ineffective  and  slow  to 
respond  to  the  needs  of  the  Revolution,  it  did  provide  an  adequate  framework  for 
governance  once  the  war  ended.  Some  might  complain  —  and  many  North  Carolina 
citizens  at  the  time  did  —  that  the  General  Assembly  was  too  quick  to  issue  paper 
money  or  place  a  moratorium  on  suits  for  debt.  It  was  able,  though,  to  provide 
[;  leadership  and  direction  in  reconstructing  the  states  economy  following  the  end  of 
I  the  Revolution.  The  Continental  Congress,  in  contrast,  was  hamstrung.  Unable  to 
collect  funds  other  than  through  loans  or  voluntary  payment  of  requisitions  from 
the  states,  it  could  not  effectively  enforce  the  peace  or  make  the  states  abide  by  the 
terms  of  the  peace  treaty  with  Great  Britain. 

The  Crisis  of  National  Leadership 

While  the  Continental  Congress  brought  the  war  to  a  successful  end,  it  could 
not  manage  the  peace.  Contrary  to  the  Treaty  of  Paris  signed  between  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain  in  1783,  states  still  refused  to  honor  outstanding  debts  to 
EngUsh  merchants  or  return  land  or  pay  compensation  to  loyalists  whose  properties 
were  confiscated  during  the  Revolution. 

These  failures  led  the  British  to  maintain  troops  on  American  territory  and  prevent 

U.S.  ships  from  carrying  British  products.  Such  international  problems  were 

compounded  by  the  mabiUty  of  the  Continental  Congress  to  help  resolve  disputes 

among  the  states.  During  the  Revolution,  Vermont  had  seceded  from  New  Hampshire 

and  New  York  without  approval  from  either  state.  Congress  was  unable  to  resolve 

j  the  conflict  successfully,  despite  repeated  pleas  from  Governor  Clinton  of  New  York 

i|  for  help.  Conflicts  over  boundaries  also  developed  between  Delaware  and 

1}  Pennsylvania,  Maryland  and  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  With  the 

I  partial  exception  of  the  dispute  between  Pennsylvania  and  Delaware,  Congress  failed 

i|  to  broker  agreements  that  would  settle  the  conflicts. 

]  Among  the  states  there  was  also  a  growing  concern  over  competition  for 
I  international  trade.  States  that  lacked  adequate  harbors  —  North  Carolina  among 
ijthem  —  were  adversely  affected  by  import  duties  imposed  by  other  states.  One 
[( constant  source  of  friction  between  individual  states  involved  the  use  of  interstate 
;  waterways.  These  issues  were  further  compounded  by  the  security  threats  many 
LJ  states  faced  on  their  western  borders,  where  they  were  confronted  by  the  hostile 
English  and  Spanish  empires,  restive  Native  American  tiibes,  as  well  as  settlers 
anxious  to  expand  beyond  the  recognized  limits  of  the  nation. 

In  1785,  for  example,  the  Continental  Congress  negotiated  the  Treaty  of  Hopewell 
with  the  Cherokees.  North  Carolina,  on  behalf  of  its  western  interests,  lodged  an 
official  protest  of  the  treaty  "as  containing  several  stipulations  which  infringe  and 
violate  the  legislative  rights  of  the  State."  Such  dual  interpretations  reinforced  the 
confusion  of  settlers  over  who  actually  exercised  political  authority  in  the  western 
region. 


823 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Earlier,  a  group  of  western  North  Carolina  citizens  in  what  is  today  Tennessee 
had  assembled  to  clarify  their  relationship  to  the  state  of  North  Carolina  and  the 
Continental  Congress.  The  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  had  ceded  its  western 
territories  to  the  national  government  m  1784,  an  action  it  later  tried  to  reverse. 
Anticipating  statehood,  the  western  citizens  signed  and  ratified  a  constitution  for 
the  new  state  of  Franklin  on  December  17,  1784.  Although  they  did  so  under  the 
impression  that  they  would  soon  be  separated  politically  from  North  Carolina, 
they  continued  to  assert  their  autonomy  even  after  North  Carolina  revoked  the 
secession.  The  creation  of  the  state  ot  Franklin  under  the  leadership  of  John  Se\ier, 
a  Revolutionary  war  hero,  signaled  widespread  dissatisfaction  among  settlers  m  the 
western  regions  with  the  way  they  had  been  treated  by  the  easterners  who  dominated 
the  N.C.  General  Assembly  They  felt  themselves  ignored  and  excluded  from  the 
benehts  of  representative  government,  yet  forced  to  pay  taxes  to  sustain  that 
government. 

Although  dissatisfaction  was  widespread  m  North  Carolina  and  m  other  states, 
not  everyone  felt  the  need  for  major  revisions  ot  the  Articles  ot  Contederation. 
Many  states  were  emerging  from  a  post-war  economic  slump  by  the  late  1780s. 
Harbors  were  filling  and  farm  goods  were  reaching  new  price  le\'els.  By  the  eve  of 
the  Philadelphia  convention,  many  observers  thought  the  states  were  well  on  the 
road  to  political  stability  and  economic  prosperity. 

Many  others,  however,  believed  the  mduadual  states  exerted  too  much  intluence 
over  the  national  economy.  A  group  of  strong  nationalists,  including  James  Madison 
of  Virginia,  Alexander  Hamilton  of  New  York  and  James  Wilson  and  Gouverneur 
Morris  of  Pennsylvania,  feared  that  the  parochial  economic  concerns  ot  the  states 
would  always  outweigh  the  general  economic  welfare  of  the  nation.  They  instead 
called  tor  a  unified  and  powerful  national  government  to  overcome  the  economic 
provincialism  fostered  by  the  Articles  of  Confederation. 

The  hrst  attempt  to  remedy  some  of  the  ills  brought  on  by  too  much  state 
intluence  on  the  national  economy  came  during  the  Mount  Vernon  Conference  m 
March  of  1785.  Meeting  at  the  home  of  George  Washington,  delegates  from  Virginia 
and  Maiyland  sat  together  to  discuss  their  mutual  problems  concerning  harbor 
facilities  and  interstate  waterways.  These  representatives  resolved  to  work  together 
to  overcome  conflicts  on  hshing  rights,  navigational  safety,  piracy  and  interstate 
currency  rates.  Most  importantly,  the  delegates  identified  the  need  for  more  states  to 
participate  m  tuture  discussions. 

The  Virginia  House  of  Delegates,  when  it  ratified  the  Mount  Vernon  Accord  m 
1786,  also  called  for  a  second  meeting  to  be  held  m  Annapolis  to  discuss  "such 
commercial  regulations  [asl  may  be  necessary  to  their  common  interest  and  then- 
permanent  harmony"  The  call  went  out  to  all  the  states  to  send  delegates  to  attend 
this  second  meeting.  In  the  end,  only  hve  states  sent  representatives  to  Annapolis 


824 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT         CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

for  the  meeting,  which  convened  in  September,  1786.  North  Carolina,  like  several 
other  states,  had  appointed  delegates.  Hugh  Williamson,  North  Carolina's 
representative,  apparently  arrived  in  Annapolis  the  day  the  convention  adjourned. 

The  lack  of  a  quorum  at  the  Annapolis  convention  frustrated  attempts  to  resolve 
the  economic  and  political  problems  plaguing  the  new  nation.  The  Annapolis 
convention  did,  however,  pass  one  significant  measure  —  delegates  agreed  to 
Alexander  Hamilton's  proposal  to  call  for  yet  another  meeting,  this  time  in 
Philadelphia.  The  convention  of  state  representatives  was  to  meet  in  May,  1787,  "to 
take  into  consideration  the  situation  of  the  United  States,  to  devise  such  further 
provisions  as  shall  appear  to  them  necessary  to  render  the  constitution  of  the  Federal 
Government  adequate  to  the  existence  of  the  Union. . ."  The  Confederation  Congress 
agreed  to  issue  a  call  for  a  convention  in  Philadelphia  and  every  state  except  Rhode 
Island  appointed  delegations  to  attend. 

North  Carolina  and  the  Constitution 

Although  the  meeting  was  scheduled  to  begin  on  May  14,  1787,  a  quorum  of 
seven  states  was  not  reached  until  May  25.  James  Iredell,  one  of  North  Carolina's 
leading  attorneys,  was  concerned  for  the  health  of  the  fledgling  nation  and  keenly 
aware  of  how  North  Carolina's  society  and  economy  had  changed  since  the 
Revolution.  He  felt  that  if  the  nationalists  were  to  succeed  in  strengthening  the 
union,  they  needed  to  move  promptly.  Iredell,  however,  was  in  New  Bern,  not 
Philadelphia,  on  May  25.  Why  such  a  staunch  advocate  of  changing  the  current 
national  political  arrangement  did  not  attend  a  convention  clearly  intended  to  do 
just  that  is  unknown.  Regardless  of  his  tardiness,  however,  Iredell  took  a 
commanding  role  in  defending  the  new  Constitution  before  the  people  of  North 
Carolina  four  months  later.  Blessed  with  a  quick  pen  and  an  insightful  mind,  Iredell 
was  a  formidable  proponent  of  a  strengthened  American  union. 

Four  years  earlier,  Iredell  had  been  the  anonymous  author  of  a  set  of  instructions 
to  the  Chowan  County  representatives  in  which  he  outUned  the  requirements  for  a 
more  effective  state  government  within  the  context  of  a  national  union.  He  had  then 
called  for  payment  of  North  Carolina's  requisition  to  the  Continental  Congress; 
stringent  controls  over  the  printing  and  redemption  of  the  state's  paper  money; 
prohibition  of  legislative  intrusion  into  civil  suits;  better  organization  of  the 
administration  of  the  state;  an  independent  judiciary;  and  support  of  trade,  commerce 
and  manufacturing.  Many  of  these  same  issues  faced  the  delegates  from  the  states  as 
they  met  in  Philadelphia  to  begin  their  deliberations. 

Five  North  CaroUna  delegates  eventually  made  their  way  to  the  convention.  In 
November,  1786,  the  North  Carolina  General  Assembly  selected  five  state  leaders 
to  participate  in  the  Philadelphia  convention:  Governor  Richard  Caswell,  William 
Richardson  Daw,  Willie  Jones,  Alexander  Martin  and  Richard  Dobbs  Spaight.  Jones 
declined  to  attend,  some  said  because  it  would  then  free  him  to  oppose  any  changes 

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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

proposed  by  the  Philadelphia  convention.  Governor  Caswell  also  declined  for 
reasons  of  health.  He  then  appointed  William  Blount  and  Hugh  Williamson  to 
complete  the  North  Carolina  delegation. 

Richard  Dobbs  Spaight,  hrst  of  North  Carolmas  delegation  to  reach  Philadelphia, 
arrived  ai  ihe  convention  on  May  15,  1787.  Spaight  was  also  among  the  youngest 
and  least  experienced  of  the  delegates.  He  spoke  little  m  the  convention,  but  returned 
home  an  ardent  federalist  and  supporter  of  the  Constitution.  He  was  one  oi  three 
North  Carolina  delegates  who  remained  at  the  convention  long  enough  to  sign  the 
Constitution  on  September  17. 

William  Richardson  Davie  was  the  second  delegate  to  arrive  in  Philadelphia. 
With  Hugh  Williamson,  Davie  was  the  leading  spokesman  for  North  Carolina  at 
the  convention.  An  early  advocate  of  both  state  and  popular  representation  in  the 
national  legislature,  Da\ie  sat  on  the  committee  that  drafted  a  compromise  between 
the  Virginia  plan,  which  based  a  states  national  representation  on  its  population, 
and  the  New  Jersey  plan,  which  relied  upon  the  old  Confederation  formula  ol  one 
state,  one  vote.  The  committee  forged  this  hrst  great  compromise  ot  the  convention 
over  the  Fourth  of  July  recess,  supporting  the  idea  of  Roger  Sherman  ot  Connecticut 
that  representation  m  the  House  be  based  on  population,  while  that  of  the  Senate 
reflect  equal  representation  among  the  states. 

Davie  was  forced  to  leave  the  convention  early  to  return  to  his  law  practice. 
During  the  next  two  years  of  debate  m  North  Carolina,  Davies  \'oicc  rang  out  as  one 
of  the  principal  advocates  of  the  Constitution.  Of  the  five  North  Carolinians  who 
participated  m  the  Philadelphia  convention,  only  he  and  Spaight  also  served  at  the 
hrst  ratihcation  convention  m  North  Carolina. 

When  the  Philadelphia  con\'ention  opened  on  May  25,  1787,  two  more  North 
Carolina  delegates  were  m  attendance:  Hugh  Williamson  and  Alexander  Martin. 
Both  settled  into  the  Indian  Queen  Inn,  where  James  Madison,  George  Mason, 
Alexander  Hamilton  and  other  leading  delegates  were  lodged.  William  Pierce  of 
Georgia,  who  wrote  brief  character  sketches  of  the  delegates,  characterized  Williamson 
as  "a  worthy  man,  of  some  abilities,  and  fortune,"  although  public  speaking  was 
apparently  not  among  those  abilities.  Williamson,  however,  still  contributed  his . 
share  to  the  debates.  He  served  on  ihe  committee  that  recommended  ihe  initial 
number  of  representatives  in  the  House  tor  each  stale  and  it  was  Willianison  who 
proposed  a  decennial  census  to  determine  changes  in  representation,  a  practice  i 
subsequently  adopted  and  followed  to  this  day.  Williamson  was  also  greatly; 
concerned  with  the  powers  and  limitations  of  the  executive  branch.  He  feared  aj 
single  executive  and  thought  that  the  executive  should  serve  only  one  term.j 
Williamson  spoke  m  favor  of  limited  executive  veto.  Both  Williamson  and  Davie| 
expressed  strong  approval  of  an  impeachment  process,  Williamson  believing  thatj 
impeachment  was  ''an  essential  security  for  the  good  behaxior  of  the  Executive."     ! 


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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

Near  the  close  of  the  convention,  WilUamson  pubUshed  a  series  of  essays  under 
the  pseudonym  "Sylvius."  Although  authored  before  the  convention,  their  contents 
spoke  directly  to  some  of  the  major  concerns  about  a  strong  national  government. 
He  outlined  the  need  for  a  strong  national  government  to  take  command  of  the 
economy  and  foreign  affairs,  as  well  as  expounded  upon  the  ills  created  by  a  paper 
money  economy. 

Williamson  was  the  second  of  North  Carolina's  delegates  to  sign  the  Constitution. 
He  did  not  attend  the  first  ratification  convention  in  Hillsborough  in  July,  1788, 
opting  instead  to  attend  the  Continental  Congress  in  order  to  protect  the  states 
interests.  He  remained  there  even  after  the  new  government  was  formed  in  the  spring 
■  of  1789  without  North  Carolina's  official  participation,  returning  only  to  take  part 
in  the  Fayette\ille  convention  in  November,  1789. 

Alexander  Martin,  the  fourth  of  the  states  delegates,  was  a  former  governor  of 

North  Carolina  and  a  general  during  the  American  Revolution.  Judged  a  moderate 

and  practical  politician,  Martin  stood  midstream  between  the  federalist  and 

antifederalist  camps  in  North  Carolina.  A  fellow  delegate  of  Martin's  described,  rather 

tartly,  his  contribution  to  the  convention:  "The  great  exertions  of  pofitical  wisdom 

in  our  late  Governor,  while  he  sat  at  the  helm  of  our  State,  have  so  exhausted  his 

,  fund,  that  time  must  be  required  to  enable  him  again  to  exert  his  abilities  to  the 

j  advantage  of  the  nation."  Martin  ultimately  contributed  little  to  the  discussions  on 

'  the  new  Constitution.  Like  Daxie,  he  was  unable  to  stay  to  the  close  of  the  convention. 

The  last  of  North  Carolina's  delegation  to  arrive  in  Philadelphia  was  WilHam 
I  Blount,  who  reached  the  convention  on  June  20,  1787.  He  had  been  involved  in 
representing  North  Carolina's  interests  in  the  Continental  Congress  meeting  in  New 
York.  Although  he  took  no  part  in  the  debates  at  Philadelphia,  he  was  there  to  sign 
the  document  —  the  third  of  the  state's  signers.  Blount  was  not  elected  to  the 
convention  at  Hillsborough,  but  was  involved  in  the  ratification  convention  at 
Fayetteville,  where  he  may  have  played  a  key  role  m  securing  the  necessary  votes  for 
the  Constitution  m  1789. 

The  Philadelphia  convention's  final  product  received  a  chilly  response  in  North 
'  Carolina.  A  long  battle  began  with  leading  federahsts  like  Iredell  and  Archibald 
Maclaine  of  Wilmington  preparing  lengthy  defenses  of  the  Constitution.  In  a  series 
of  essays  published  in  January,  1788,  under  the  name  "Marcus,"  James  Iredell  sought 
10  refute  the  criticisms  of  George  Mason.  Mason's  attack  on  the  Constitution  was 
especially  threatening  since  he  had  been  at  the  convention  —  where  he  refused  to 
sign  the  Constitution  —  and  was  widely  respected  for  his  disinterested  dedication 
to  the  new  nation.  Mason  opposed  the  Constitution  on  numerous  grounds, 
principally  its  lack  of  a  bill  of  rights. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Iredell  responded  to  each  point  of  Masons  attack,  examnimg  why  the 
Constitution  did  not  need  a  bill  ol  rights;  why  it  was  representative  of  the  people; 
why  the  Senate  could  amend  money  bills;  why  the  country  needed  a  national 
judiciary;  and  why  the  Constitution  proposed  a  single  executive  without  a 
constitutional  council.  While  his  refutation  of  Masons  objections  prcwed  thoughtful 
and  measured  in  lone,  other  defenders  of  the  Constitution  were  less  willing  to 
adopt  a  dispassionate,  reasoned  argument.  Archibald  Madame  was  particularly 
vitriolic,  referring  to  the  Constitutions  opponents  as  "petty  tyrants." 

The  principal  confrontation  of  ideas  and  interests  came,  naturally,  during  the 
Hillsborough  convention  held  from  July  21  to  August  4,  1788.  The  convention 
should  ha\'e  been  somewhat  anticlimactic,  starting  as  it  did  after  ten  states  had 
already  ratilied  the  Constitution  and  thus  assured  the  tormation  ot  a  nev^'  national 
government  under  its  auspices.  The  imminent  inauguration  ot  a  new  national 
government,  however,  did  not  deter  a  majority  ot  the  Hillsborough  convention 
trom  rejecting  the  Constitution  by  a  184-83  vote.  Two  issues  stood  out  above  all 
others  m  the  attack  on  the  Constitution  —  the  lack  of  a  bill  of  rights  and  concerns 
that  the  new  national  arrangement  vested  too  much  authority  m  a  distant  government. 
Thomas  Burkes  suspicions  of  centralized  government  remained  potently  alive  m  a 
North  Carolina  where  memories  of  the  bloodshed  and  agony  required  to  escape 
the  control  o'i  a  distant  colonial  government  were  recent. 

Willie  Jones  of  Halitax,  Samuel  Spencer  of  Anson,  Thomas  Person  ot  Granville, 
Da\'id  Caldwell  of  Guilford  and  William  Lenoir  of  Wilkes  led  the  opposition  to  the  ' 
Constitution  at  the  Hillsborough  convention.  There  was,  however,  little  unity  among 
the  opponents.  Some  like  Samuel  Spencer  were  most  concerned  about  the  loss  of 
authority  for  the  states.  As  one  of  the  three  highest  judges  m  North  Carolina,  Spencer 
appeared  especially  concerned  at  the  prospect  of  his  authority  being  o\'ershadowed 
by  a  federal  judiciary.  David  Caldwell  provides  a  notable  contrast  to  Spencer.  A 
Presbyterian  minister  renowned  tor  the  school  he  operated  m  Guilford  County, 
Caldwell  objected  to  the  lack  of  a  fundamental  philosophical  framework  through 
which  Americans  might  accurately  judge  the  Constitution.  Willie  Jones  seemed 
concerned,  along  with  many  others,  about  the  danger  of  removing  power  so  tar 
away  trom  the  people  without,  in  turn,  safeguarding  their  interests  with  a  bill  of 
rights. 

The  federalists,  though  not  m  the  majority  at  the  Hillsborough  convention,, 
suffered  none  of  these  fissures  of  opinion.  The)'  prepared  admirably  for  the  event, 
anticipating  the  arguments  that  opponents  of  the  Constitution  would  make  and 
practicing  their  own  responses.  James  Iredell  took  on  the  role  of  theorist  and 
Governor  Samuel  Johnston  acted  as  a  peacemaker,  while  Archibald  Maclaine  and 
William  R.  Davie  played  the  proverbial  "loose  cannons"  at  the  convention.  Yet, 
despite  all  tlie  federalists  could  say,  in  and  out  of  convention,  the  Constitution  was 
doomed  to  defeat  trom  the  outset. 


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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER       ELEVEN 


Ratification  waited  another  fifteen  months,  coming  only  in  November,  1789,  at 
Fayetteville  on  a  vote  of  194-77.  Historians  know  quite  a  bit  about  the  Hillsborough 
convention  because  James  Iredell  and  Samuel  Johnston  hired  a  secretary  to  record 
the  debates.  Nothing  like  that  was  done  for  the  Fayetteville  convention,  however. 
This  gap  in  the  historical  record  renders  subsequent  explanations  of  why  sentiment 
among  the  delegates  shifted  so  dramatically  in  a  year's  time  far  more  conjectural. 
The  decision  by  the  U.S.  Congress  to  present  a  bill  of  rights  to  the  states  for  ratification 
may  well  have  paved  the  way  for  North  Carolina's  decision  to  join  the  Union.  Fear 
of  being  left  outside  the  Union  —  and  in  a  subsequently  precarious  position  when 
it  came  to  trade  and  commerce  —  may  also  have  convinced  the  delegates  at 
Fayetteville  to  approve  the  Constitution.  George  'Washington's  election  as  president 
probably  dampened  fears  of  an  overmighty  chief  executive.  Whatever  the  reason, 
the  convention  took  only  seven  days  to  ratify  and  report  out  their  vote.  One  month 
later,  North  Carolina  became  the  second  state  to  ratify  the  Bill  of  Rights.  The  legacy 
of  the  Constitutional  debates  in  North  Carolina  fostered  a  lasting  appreciation  among 
the  state's  citizens  of  the  role  of  popular  discussion  in  settling  critical  issues  and 
how  political  power  may  be  rationally  —  and  peacefully  —  balanced  between  the 
nation,  the  states  and  the  people. 

N.C.  Signers  of  the  U.S.  Constitution 

William  Blount 

William  Blount  was  born  on  March  26, 
1749,  in  Bertie  County.  He  became  a  leading 
businessman  with  his  brother,  John  Grey  Blount, 
alter  Independence.  His  heavy  financial 
speculation  and  questionable  business  activities 
m  the  western  territories,  however,  created 
enormous  problems  for  him  later  in  life. 

Blount  was  first  elected  to  the  General 
Assembly  m  1780  as  a  town  representative  from 
New  Bern.  He  was  elected  to  the  Continental 
Congress  meeting  in  Philadelphia  in  1782,  1783 
and  1784.  He  returned  to  North  Carolina  to 
represent  Craven  County  in  1783,  1784  and 
1784-85.  He  was  elected  Speaker  of  the  House 
during  the  latter  session. 

On  March  14,  1787,  Blount  was  elected  as  one  of  the  state's  delegates  to  the 
Constitutional  Convention  in  Philadelphia.  In  1789,  he  served  at  the  state  convention 
m  Fayetteville  and  voted  for  ratihcation  of  the  newly-written  Constitution.  Blount 
then  returned  to  the  state  legislature,  serving  in  the  Senate  in  1788  and  1789. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


On  August  17,  1790,  Blounl  was  appointed  governor  of  the  territories  south  of 
the  Ohio  River.  The  appointment  gave  Blount  nearly  autocratic  authority  m  the 
territories.  In  1791,  he  helped  negotiate  the  Treaty  of  Holston,  which  resulted  m 
the  Cherokee  Indians  ceding  a  large  portion  of  their  homeland  to  the  United  States, 
much  of  It  already  occupied  by  whites.  In  1794,  when  the  population  m  the  western 
territories  grew  large  enough  to  call  a  territorial  assembly,  a  bill  was  passed 
establishing  Blount  College  (a  lore  runner  ot  the  University  ot  Tennessee). 

On  July  8,  1797,  while  serving  as  one  of  Tennessee's  hrst  two  United  States 
Senators,  Blount  was  expelled  from  the  Senate  for  what  was  known  as  Blounts 
Conspiracy.  A  rumor  that  Spam  planned  to  cede  New  Orleans  and  Louisiana  to 
France  ignited  concern  m  the  U.S.  that  the  move  would  deny  Americas  right  to  the 
Mississippi  River.  Blount  took  charge  of  a  plan  already  underway  to  recruit 
frontiersmen  and  Indians  for  a  war  against  Great  Britain  to  seize  the  Mississippi 
basm.  (Great  Britain  was  bound  by  the  Peace  Treaty  of  1783  to  permit  free  navigation 
of  the  Mississippi  River  to  the  United  States  and  France.) 

President  John  Adams  obtained  a  letter,  written  by  Blount,  outlining  plans  for 
the  war.  In  July,  1797,  he  turned  the  letter  over  to  Congress.  Blounts  expulsion 
swiftly  lollowed.  On  December  17,  1797,  the  House  ol  Representatives  opened 
Blounts  impeachment  trial,  the  hrst  such  legal  proceeding  m  United  States  history 
In  1799,  the  impeachment  proceedings  were  dismissed  for  lack  ot  jurisdiction. The  , 
people  of  Tennessee  still  had  faith  m  Blount,  however,  electing  him  to  the  State  ' 
Senate  in  1798,  where  he  was  elected  speaker.  He  died  m  Tennessee  in  1800. 

Richard  Dohhs  Spaight,  Sr: 

Richard  Dobbs  Spaight,  Sr.,  the  first  native- 
born  governor  of  North  Carolina,  was  born  in 
New  Bern  on  March  25,  1758,  to  Richard  and 
Elizabeth  Wilson  Spaight.  He  studied  abroad, 
finishing  his  education  at  the  University  of 
Glasgow  m  Scotland.  After  returning  to  America, 
Spaight  served  briefly  in  the  Revolution  as 
militar)'  aide-de-camp  to  General  Richard  Caswell. 

Spaight  served  m  the  House  oi  Commons  as 
a  town  representative  from  New  Bern  in  the 
assemblies  of  1779,  1781,  1782  and  1783.  In 
1783  his  seat  was  declared  vacant  following  his 
election  to  the  Confederation  Congress.  On 
December  13,  1783,  Spaight  took  his  seat  at  the 
Congress  m  Annapolis.  He  also  served  as  a 
delegate  to  the  1784  Congress  in  New  York  City 


830 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


Spaight  returned  to  the  N.C.  General  Assembly  in  1785,  representing  Craven 
County  in  the  House  of  Commons,  where  he  was  elected  speaker.  He  continued 
his  legislative  service  in  the  assemblies  of  1786-87  and  1787.  He  was  elected  as 
one  of  North  Carolina's  representatives  to  the  federal  convention  m  Philadelphia, 
arriving  there  on  May  15,  1787.  He  was  the  first  North  Carolina  delegate  to  arrive, 
staying  long  enough  to  be  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Constitution.  After  the 
Philadelphia  meeting  he  returned  to  North  Carolina  and  attended  the  state  convention 
in  Hillsborough. 

Spaight  served  in  the  General  Assembly  of  1792  as  the  town  representative 
from  New  Bern,  but  resigned  following  his  election  as  governor  on  December  11, 
1792.  Re-elected  governor  twice,  he  served  one  final  term  in  the  General  Assembly 
as  a  state  senator  in  1801.  In  1798,  Spaight  was  elected  to  the  5th  United  States 
Congress  as  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  following  the  death  of 
Congressman  Nathan  Bryan  on  June  4.  He  was  elected  to  the  6th  Congress,  but 
was  defeated  for  re-election  to  a  third  term  by  John  Stanly. 

The  political  differences  between  Spaight  and  Stanly  fueled  a  bitter  personal 
rivalry.  An  acrimonious  argument  over  one  of  these  differences  led  Stanly  to  challenge 
Spaight  to  a  duel.  On  September  5,  1802,  Stanly  s  fourth  discharge  mortally  wounded 
Spaight,  who  died  the  next  day.  Criminal  proceedings  against  Stanly  began,  but  he 
applied  to  the  governor  and  was  granted  pardon.  Public  outrage  over  the  pardon 
prompted  the  General  Assembly  to  pass  a  law  making  any  participant  m  a  duel 
ineligible  for  any  office  of  "trust,  honor,  or  profit." 

Hugh  Williamson 

Hugh  Williamson  was  born  in  Chester 
County,  Pennsylvania,  on  December  5,  1735.  A 
doctor,  natural  scientist,  preacher,  merchant  and 
politician,  the  versatile  Williamson  was  frequently 
called  the  "Ben  Franklin  of  North  Carolina." 
Graduating  in  the  first  class  from  the  College  of 
Philadelphia  (later  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania),  Williamson  went  to  Connecticut 
10  study  theology.  After  two  years  he  left  the 
ministry  to  be  a  math  professor.  While  teaching, 
he  became  interested  in  medicine,  which  led  him 
to  the  University  of  Edinburgh  and  studies  m 
London  and  Utrecht.  His  poor  physical  condition 
led  him  to  contract  a  fever  from  one  of  his 
patients,  abruptly  ending  his  formal  career  in 

medicine.  His  scientific  interests  and  reputation  resulted  m  his  appointment  as  a 
commissioner  to  study  the  transit  of  Venus  Qune  3,  1769),  and  Mercury  (November 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

9,  1769).  Altenvards,  he  published  "An  Essay  on  Cornels,"  for  which  the  University 
ot  Leyden  awarded  hini  an  LL.D.  degree, 

Williamson  was  an  eyewitness  to  the  Boston  Tea  Party  and  was  the  first  to  carry 
the  news  to  England.  He  predicted  the  colonies"  revolt  and  learned  of  the  Declaration 
o'i  Independence  while  he  was  in  Holland.  Upon  returning  to  America,  he  offered 
his  medical  sen'ices  to  Governor  Caswell  and  was  sent  to  Nev^'  Bern  to  \'accinate 
troops  against  smallpox.  He  crossed  British  lines  to  treat  American  prisoners  of 
war,  as  well  as  the  British.  Williamsons  work  made  him  a  pioneer  advocate  of 
inoculation  against  diseases. 

Williamson  was  a  town  representative  for  Edenton  in  the  General  Assembly  of 
1782.  On  May  3,  his  seat  was  declared  vacant  following  his  election  to  the 
Continental  Congress  in  Philadelphia.  Williamson  look  his  seat  on  July  19,  1782. 
Along  with  Thomas  Jefferson,  he  was  one  of  only  two  southern  delegates  who 
voted  in  fa\'or  of  excluding  sla\'ery  from  the  Western  Lands  Ordinance  of  1784. 

Williamson  returned  to  the  House  ol  Commons  in  1785,  representing  Chowan 
County.  In  1787,  Governor  Caswell  appointed  him  to  replace  Willie  Jones  at  the 
Constitutional  Convention  m  Philadelphia.  W^illiamson  arrived  in  time  for  its  start 
and  attended  the  entire  convention.  He  also  attended  the  1789  state  convention  in 
Fayetteville,  where  delegates  finall)'  ratihed  the  Constitution. 

Willianison  spent  the  last  years  of  his  political  career  in  Congress.  He  served  m 
the  United  States  House  of  Representatives  as  a  representative  from  the  Edenton  and 
New  Bern  district  from  1789-1793.  Williamson  then  retired  to  New  York  City  He 
wrote  one  oi  the  nations  hrst  ecological  histories  m  his  two-volume  study  ot  Norlh 
Carolmas  early  history,  published  m  1812.  The  extraordinary  North  Carolinian 
died  m  1819. 


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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT         CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

Constitution  of  the  United  States 

Preamble 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect 
Union,  establish  justice,  insure  domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the 
common  defense,  promote  the  general  wel^e,  and  secure  the  blessings 
of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this 
Constitution  for  the  United  States  of  America. 

Article  I 

Section  1.  All  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Congress  of 
the  United  States,  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate  and  a  House  of  Representatives. 
Sect.  2-1.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members  chosen 
ever)'  second  year  by  the  people  of  the  several  States,  and  the  electors  in  each  State 
shall  have  the  quahfications  requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch 
of  the  State  Legislature. 

2.  No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of 

twenty-five  years,  and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who 
shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  State  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

3.  Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  States 

which  may  be  included  within  this  Union,  according  to  their  respective  numbers, 
which  shall  be  determined  by  adding  to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons, 
including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years  and  excluding  Indians  not 
taxed,  three-hfths  of  all  other  persons.  The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made 
withm  three  years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States, 
and  within  ever}'  subsequent  term  of  ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by 
law  direct.  The  number  of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed  one  for  every  thirty 
thousand,  but  each  State  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative;  and  until  such 
enumeration  shall  be  made,  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to 
choose  3;  Massachusetts,  8;  Rhode  Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  1; 
Connecticut,  5;  New  York,  6;  New  Jersey,  4;  Pennsylvania,  8;  Delaware,  1; 
Maryland,  6;  Virginia,  10;  North  Carolina,  5;  South  Carolina,  5;  and  Georgia, 
3.1 

4.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  State  the  Executive 

Authority  thereof  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

5.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other  officers,  and 

shall  have  the  sole  power  of  impeachment. 

Sec.  3-1.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators  from 
each  State,  chosen  by  the  Legislature  thereof  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator  shall 
liave  one  vote.  ' 


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NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

2.  Immedialely  after  they  shall  be  assembled  m  consequence  ol  the  hrst  election, 
they  shall  be  divided  as  equally  as  may  be  mto  three  classes.  The  seats  of  the 
Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at  the  expiration  of  the  second  year;  of 
the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year;  and  ot  the  third  class  at  the 
expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year, 
and  if  vacancies  happen  by  resignation,  or  othervv^ise,  during  the  recess  ot  the 
Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive  thereof  may  make  temporary  appointments 
until  the  next  meeting  of  the  Legislature,  which  shall  then  hll  such  vacancies.  ' 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  have  not  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty 
years,  and  been  nine  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not, 
when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

4.  The  Vice  President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but 
shall  have  no  vote,  unless  they  be  equally  divided. 

5.  The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  OtTicers,  and  also  a  President  pro  tempore, 
m  the  absence  of  the  Vice  President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  olfice  of  the 
President  of  the  United  States. 

6.  The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.  When  sitting  for 
that  purpose,  they  shall  be  on  oath  or  affirmation.  When  the  President  of  the 
United  States  is  tried,  the  Chief  Justice  shall  preside;  and  no  person  shall  be 
convicted  without  the  Concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 

7.  Judgment  in  cases  of  impeachment  shall  not  extend  further  than  to  removal 
from  office,  and  disc[ualification  to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or: 
profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the  party  convicted  shall  nevertheless  be 
liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punishment,  according  to 
law. 

Sec.  4-1.  The  times,  places  and  manner  of  holding  elections  lor  Senators  and 
Representatn'es  shall  be  prescribed  m  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof,  but 
the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter  such  regulations,  except  as  to 
the  places  of  choosing  Senators. 
2.    The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  m  every  year,  and  such  meeting  shall 

be  on  the  first  Monday  in  December,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a  difterentl 

day. 

Sec.  5-L  Each  House  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns,  and 
qualifications  of  its  own  members,  and  a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a 
quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smaller  number  may  adjourn  from  day  to  day,  anil 
may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members,  in  such  manner 
and  under  such  penalties  as  each  House  may  provide. 


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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT         CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

2 .  Each  House  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its  members  for 
disorderly  behavior,  and,  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds,  expel  a  member. 

3.  Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to  time 
publish  the  same,  excepting  such  parts  as  may  in  their  judgment  require  secrecy; 
and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  House  on  any  question  shall,  at 
the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

4.  Neither  House,  during  the  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the  consent  of 
the  other,  adjourn  for  more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in 
which  the  two  Houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Sec.  6-1.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compensation  for  their 
services,  to  be  ascertained  by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States.  They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony,  and  breach  of  the  peace,  be 
privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective 
Houses,  and  m  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  speech  or 
debate  in  either  house  they  shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 
2.    No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was  elected, 
be  appointed  to  any  civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States  which 
shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments  whereof  shall  have  been  increased 
during  such  time;  and  no  persons  holding  any  office  under  the  United  States 
shall  be  a  member  of  either  House  during  his  continuance  in  office. 

Sec.  7-1.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of 
Representatives;  but  the  Senate  may  propose  or  concur  with  amendments,  as  on 
other  bills. 

..  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and  the  Senate 
shall,  before  it  becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States; 
if  he  approves,  he  shall  sign  it,  but  if  not,  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objections, 
to  that  House  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter  the  objections 
at  large  on  their  journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after  such  reconsideration 
two-thirds  of  that  House  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent  together 
with  the  objectives,  to  the  other  House,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered, 
and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  House,  it  shall  become  a  law.  But  in  all 
such  cases  the  votes  of  both  Houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and 
the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  in  the 
journal  of  each  House  respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the 
President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted)  after  it  shall  have  been  presented 
to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law,  in  like  manner  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless  the 
Congress  by  their  adjournment  prevent  its  return,  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be 
a  law. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

3.  Everv  order,  resolulion,  or  vole  to  which  ihe  concurrence  of  ihe  Senate  and 
House  of  Representalix'es  may  be  necessaiy  (except  on  a  question  of  adjournment) 
shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  and  before  the  same 
shall  lake  effect,  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or  being  disappro\'ed  by  him,  shall 
be  repassed  b\'  two-thirds  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  according 
to  the  rules  and  limitations  prescribed  m  the  case  ol  a  bill. 

Sec.  8.  The  Congress  shall  ha\-e  the  power: 

1 .  To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts  and  prox'ide 
for  the  common  defense  and  general  welfare  of  the  United  States;  but  all  duties, 
imposts  and  excises  shall  be  uniform  throughout  the  United  States. 

2.  To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  ol  the  United  States; 

3.  To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several  States,  and 
with  the  Indian  tribes; 

4.  To  establish  a  unitorm  rule  of  naturalization,  and  unilorm  laws  on  the  subject 
of  bankruptcies  throughout  the  United  States; 

5.  To  com  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  lix  the 
standards  of  weights  and  measures; 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment  ol  counterleitmg  the  securities  and  current  com 
of  the  United  States; 

7.  To  establish  post  ofhces  and  postroads; 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  ol  science  and  useful  arts  b\'  securing,  tor  limited 
times,  to  authors  and  inventors,  the  exclusive  right  to  their  respective  writings 
and  discoveries; 

9.  To  constitute  tribunals  inferior  to  the  Supreme  Court; 

10.  To  delme  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  and  | 
offenses  against  the  law  of  nations; 

n .  To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal,  and  make  rules  concernin 
captures  on  land  and  water; 

12.  To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  of  money  to  that  use  sha 
l^e  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years; 

13.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy; 

14.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  lorcc: 

15.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppiv- 
insurrections,  and  repel  invasions; 


I 


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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

1 6.  To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  governing 
such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  reser\ing 
to  the  State  respectively  the  appointment  of  the  officers  and  the  authority  of 
training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress; 

17.  To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not 
exceeding  ten  miles  square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States  and  the 
acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  Government  of  the  United  States, 
and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of  the 
Legislature  of  the  State,  m  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts, 
magazines,  arsenals,  dock-yards,  and  other  needful  buildings;  — and 

18.  To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  execution 
the  foregoing  powers,  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in  the 
Government  of  the  United  States,  or  any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

Sec.  9-1.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  States  now 
existing  shall  think  proper  to  admit,  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress 
prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight,  but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be 
imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  person. 

2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when 
m  cases  of  rebelUon  or  invasion  the  pubUc  safety  may  require  it. 

3.  No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

4.  No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the  census 
or  enumeration  herein  before  directed  to  be  taken. "^ 

5.  No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  State. 

6.  No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue  to  the 
ports  of  one  State  over  those  of  another;  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to,  or  from, 
one  State  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties  in  another. 

1  7 .  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury  but  in  consequence  of  appropriations 
made  by  law;  and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures 
of  all  public  money  shall  be  published  from  time  to  time. 

8.  No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States;  and  no  person  holding 
any  ofhce  or  profit  or  trust  under  them,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress, 
accept  of  any  present,  emolument,  office,  or  title,  of  any  kind  whatever,  from 
any  King,  Prince,  or  foreign  State. 

Sec.  10-1.  No  State  shall  enter  into  any  treaty,  aUiance,  or  confederation;  grant 
letters  of  marque  and  reprisal;  coin  money;  emit  bills  of  credit;  make  anything 
but  gold  and  silver  com  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts;  pass  any  bill  of  attainder; 
ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title 
of  nobility. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  imposts  or  duties 
on  imports  or  exports  except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing 
its  inspection  laws;  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties  and  imports,  laid  by  any 
State  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  tor  the  use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the 
Congress. 

3.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  of  tonnage,  keep 
troops,  or  ships  of  war  in  time  ot  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact 
with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  or  engage  in  war,  unless  actually 
invaded,  or  m  such  imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  delay. 

Anicle  II 

Section  1-1.  The  executive  power  shall  be  vested  m  a  President  of  the  United 
States  of  America.  He  shall  hold  his  oftice  during  the  term  of  four  years,  and, 
together  with  the  Vice  President,  chosen  for  the  same  term,  be  elected  as  follows: 

2.  Each  State  shall  appoint,  m  such  manner  as  the  legislature  thereot  may  direct,  a 
number  of  Electors,  equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators  and  Representatives 
to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  m  the  Congress;  but  no  Senator  or 
Representatn'e  or  person  holding  an  ofhce  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United 
States  shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

3.  The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  iwo 
persons,  of  whom  one  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  state  with 
themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  ot  all  the  persons  voted  tor,  and  ot  the 
number  of  votes  for  each;  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit, 
sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President 
of  the  Senate.  The  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  open  all  the  certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be 
counted.  The  person  ha\ang  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall  be  the  President, 
if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed;  and  if 
there  be  more  than  one  who  have  such  majority;  and  have  an  equal  number  of 
votes,  then  the  House  o{  Representatives  shall  immediately  choose  by  ballot 
one  of  them  tor  President;  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  hve 
highest  on  the  list  the  said  House  shall  m  like  manner  choose  the  President. 
But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation 
from  each  State  having  one  vote;  a  quorum,  for  this  purpose,  shall  consist  ot  a 
member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the 
States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  President, 
the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  electors  shall  be  the  Vice 
President.  But  if  there  shall  remain  two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  the 
Senate  shall  choose  from  them  by  ballot  the  Vice  President.  ^ 


838 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

4.  The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  electors  and  the  day  on 
which  they  shall  give  their  votes,  which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the 
United  States. 

5.  No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  at  the 
time  of  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  ofhce  of 
President;  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that  office  who  shall  not  have 
attained  to  the  age  of  thirty- five  years,  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident  within 
the  United  States. 

6.  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death,  resignation 
or  inability  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same  shall 
devolve  on  the  Vice  President,  and  the  Congress  may  by  law  provide  for  the 
case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability  both  of  the  President  and  Vice 
President,  declaring  what  ofhcer  shall  then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer 
shall  act  accordingly  until  the  disability  be  removed,  or  a  President  shall  be 
elected. 

7.  The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  compensation 
which  shall  neither  be  increased  nor  diminished  during  the  period  for  which 
he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive  within  that  period  any  other 
emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

8.  Before  he  enters  on  the  execution  of  his  office,  he  shall  take  the  following  oath 
or  affirmation: 

"1  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  1  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  abihty,  preserve, 
protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

*This  clause  is  superseded  by  Article  XII,  Amendments. 

Sec.  2-1.  The  President  shall  be  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  the  militia  of  the  several  States,  when  called  into  the 
actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  require  the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the 
principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive  departments,  upon  any  subject  relating 
to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices;  and  he  shall  have  the  power  to  grant 
reprieves,  and  pardons  for  offenses  against  the  United  States,  except  in  cases  of 
impeachment. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2.  He  shall  ha\'e  power,  by  and  with  ihe  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make 
treaties,  provided  two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur;  and  he  shall 
nominate  and,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  oi  the  Senate,  shall  appoint 
ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  all  other  otficers  of  the  United  States,  whose  appointments  are  not  herein 
otherwise  provided  for,  and  which  shall  be  established  by  law;  but  the  Congress 
may  b\'  law  \'est  the  appointment  of  such  interior  ofticers  as  they  thmk  proper 
m  the  President  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  m  the  heads  of  departments. 

3.  The  President  shall  have  power  to  iill  up  all  \-acancies  that  may  happen  during 
the  recess  of  the  Senate,  by  granting  commissions  which  shall  expire  at  the  end 
of  their  next  session. 

Section  3.  He  shall  Irom  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  mtormation  ot  the 
State  of  the  Union,  and  recommend  to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he 
shall  |udge  necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  on  extraordmaiy  occasions,  con\'ene 
both  Houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  m  case  of  disagreement  between  them  with 
respect  to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  ma\-  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall 
think  proper;  he  shall  receix'e  ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers;  he  shall 
take  care  that  the  laws  be  taithfully  executed,  and  shall  commission  all  the  othcers 
ot  the  United  States. 

Sec.  4.  The  President,  Vice  President,  and  all  civil  ofhcers  of  the  United  States,  shall 
be  removed  from  ottice  on  impeachment  for,  and  conviction  ot,  treason,  briber);  or 
other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

Article  III 

Section  1.  The  judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme 
Court,  and  m  such  inferior  courts  as  the  Congress  ma\'  from  time  to  time  ordain 
and  establish.  The  judges,  both  of  the  Supreme  and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold 
their  offices  during  good  beha\'ior,  and  shall,  at  stated  times,  recei\'e  for  their 
sen'ices  a  compensation  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance 
m  office. 

Sec.  2-1.  The  judicial  povv'cr  shall  extend  to  all  cases,  in  law  and  ec[uity  arising 
under  this  Constitution,  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or 
which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority;  — to  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors, 
other  public  ministers  and  consuls;  — to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime 
jurisdiction;  — to  controversies  to  which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  party;  — to 
controversies  betvv'een  two  or  more  States;  — between  citizens  of  the  same  State, 
claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  States,  and  between  a  State,  or  the  citizens 
thereof,  and  foreign  States,  citizens,  or  subjects. 


840 


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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls,  and 
those  in  which  a  State  shall  be  a  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original 
jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  cases  before  mentioned  the  Supreme  Court  shall 
have  appellate  jurisdiction,  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions  and 
under  such  regulations  as  the  Congress  shall  make. 

[  3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  in  cases  of  impeachment,  shall  be  by  jury,  and 
such  trial  shall  be  held  in  the  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been 
committed;  but  when  not  committed  vvithin  any  State  the  trial  shall  be  at  such 
place  or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

Sec.  3-1.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war 
against  them,  or  m  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort.  No 
person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to 
the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 
I  2.    The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  of  treason;  but  no 
attainder  of  treason  shall  work  corruption  of  blood,  or  forfeiture  except  during 
the  life  of  the  person  attainted. 

Article  rV 

Section  1.  Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to  the  pubUc  acts, 
,  records,  and  judicial  proceedings  of  every  other  State.  And  the  Congress  may  by 
I  general  laws  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such  acts,  records  and  proceedings 

shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Sec.  2-1.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and 

immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several  States. 

2.  A  person  charged  m  any  State  with  treason,  felony,  or  other  crime,  who  shall 
flee  from  justice  and  be  found  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  Executive 
authority  of  the  State  from  which  he  fled,  be  delivered  up,  to  be  removed  to  the 
State  ha\ing  jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

3.  No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State,  under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping 
into  another,  shall,  in  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged 
from  such  ser\dce  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered  upon  claim  of  the  party  to 
whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

Sec.  3-1.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union;  but  no 
new  State  shall  be  formed  or  erected  within  the  jurisdiction  of  any  other  State; 
nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or  more  States,  or  parts  of  States, 
without  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned,  as  well  as  of  the 
Congress. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful  mles  and 
regulations  respecting  the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the  United 
States;  and  nothing  in  this  Constitution  shall  be  so  construed  as  to  prejudice 
any  claims  of  the  United  States  or  of  any  particular  State. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sec.  4.  The  United  Stales  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  m  this  Union  a  republican 
lorin  ol  government,  and  shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion,  and,  on 
application  of  the  Legislature,  or  ot  the  Executive  (when  the  Legislature  cannot  be 
convened),  against  domestic  violence. 

Article  V 

The  Congress,  whenever  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  shall  deem  it  necessary,  shall 
propose  amendments  to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  oi  the 
Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  several  States,  shall  call  a  convention  for 
proposing  amendments,  which,  m  either  case,  shall  be  \'alid  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  as  part  of  this  Constitution,  when  ratihed  by  the  Legislatures  of  three- 
fourths  ol  the  several  States,  or  by  conventions  in  three-tourths  thereol,  as  the 
one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratihcation  may  be  proposed  by  the  Congress; 
pro\'ided  that  no  amendment  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand 
eight  hundred  and  eight  shall  m  any  manner  affect  the  hrst  and  fourth  clauses  in 
the  Ninth  Section  of  the  First  Article;  and  that  no  State,  without  its  consent,  shall 
be  deprived  ot  its  equal  sutlrage  m  the  Senate. 

Aiticle  VI 

1 .  All  debts  contracted  and  engagenients  entered  into  before  the  adoption  of  this 
Constitution,  shall  be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitution, 
as  under  the  Confederation. 

2.  This  Constitution  and  the  laws  oi  the  United  States  which  shall  be  made  m 
pursuance  thereot;  and  all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the 
authority  ot  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme  law  of  the  land;  and  the 
judges  111  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  m  the  Constitution  or 
laws  ot  any  State  the  contraiy  notwithstanding. 

3.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  betore  mentioned,  and  the  members  ot  the 
several  State  Legislatures,  and  all  executive  and  ]udicial  ofhcers,  both  o{  the 
United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall  be  bound  b)'  oath  or  afhrmation  to 
support  this  Constitution;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  required  as  a 
qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under  the  United  States. 

Anicle  VII 

The  ratihcation  ot  the  Convention  of  nine  States  shall  be  sufhcient  lor  the 
establishment  of  this  Constitution  between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

Done  in  Convention  by  the  Unanimous  Consent  cif  the  States  present  the 
Seventeenth  Day  of  September,  m  the  Year  of  Our  Lord  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  eighty-seven,  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America  the  Twelfth.  In  witness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  subscribed  our 
names. 

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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


New  Hampshire 

John  Langdon 

Nicholas  Gilman 

Massachusetts 

Nathaniel  Gorham 

Rufus  King 

Connecticut 

W[illia]m  Sam[ue]l  Johnson 

Roger  Sherman 

New  York 

Alexander  Hamilton 

New  Jersey 

Wil[liam]  Livmgston 

David  Brearley 
W[illiam]  Patterson 
Jona[than]  Dayton 

Pennsylvania 

B[enjamm]  Franklin 

Rob[er]t  Morris 
Tho[ma]s  Fitzsimons 
James  Wilson 
Thomas  Mifflin 
Geo[rgel  Clymer 
Jared  Ingersoll 
Gouv[erner]  Morris 

Delaware 

Geo[rge]  Read 

John  Dickinson 
Jaco[bl  Broom 


Gunning  Bedford,  Jr. 
Richard  Bassett 

Maryland 

James  McHenry 

Dan[iel]  Carroll 

Dan[iel]  of  St.  Tho[ma]s.  Jenifer 

Virginia 

John  Blair 

Ja[me]s  Madison,  Jr. 
George  Washington 

North  Carolina 

WfilUajm  Blount 

Hu[gh]  Williamson 
Rich[ard]  Dobbs  Spaight 

South  Carolina 

Jlames]  Rut  ledge 

Charles  Pinckney 

Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney 

Pierce  Butler 

Georgia 

William  Few 

Abr[aham]  Baldwin 

Attest: 

William  Jackson,  Secretary 

The  Constitution  was  declared  in 
effect  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  March, 
1789. 


See  Article  XIV  Amendments. 
See  Article  XVll,  Amendments. 
See  Article  XVII,  Amendments. 
See  Article  XVI,  Amendments. 


This  clause  is  superseded  by  Article  VII,  Amendments. 


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Amendments  to  the  U.S.  Constitution 

The  Ten  Original  Amendments* 

The  following  amendments  to  the  Constitution,  Article  I  to  X,  inclusive,  were 
proposed  at  the  Fn-st  Session  of  the  First  Congress,  begun  and  held  at  the  City  of 
New  York,  on  Wednesday,  March  4,  1789,  and  were  adopted  by  the  necessary  i 
number  of  States.  The  original  proposal  of  the  ten  amendments  was  preceded  by 
this  preamble  and  resolution: 

"T/ic  conventions  of  a  number  of  the  States  having,  at  the  time  of  their 
adopting  the  Constitution,  expressed  a  desire,  in  order  to  prevent  misconstruction 
or  abuse  of  its  powers,  that  further  declaratory  and  restrictive  clauses  should 
he  added,  and  as  extending  the  ground  of  public  confidence  in  the  Government 
will  best  insure  the  beneficent  ends  of  its  institution: 

"RESOLVED,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  Congress  assembled,  two-thirds  oj  both  Houses  concurring 
that  the  following  articles  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  oj  the  several  States, 
as  amendments  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States:  all  or  any  of  which 
articles,  when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  the  said  Legislatures,  to  be  vahd  to  all 
intents  and  purposes,  as  part  oj  the  said  Constitution,  ncinic/v"; 

Article  I 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  prohibiting 
the  free  exercise  thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of  the  press;  or  the 
right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble,  and  to  petition  the  Government  tor  a 
redress  of  grievances. 

Article  II 

A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the 
people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  inlringed. 

Article  III 

No  soldier  shall,  m  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  m  any  house  without  the  consent  of 
the  owner,  nor  m  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 


These  amendments,  known  as  The  Bill  of  Rights,  were  declared  in  force  December 
15,1791.  North  Carolina  ratified  those  ten  amendments  on  December  22,  1789 
(Ch.  19,  Laws  of  1789). 


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UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

Article  rv 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects 
against  unreasonable  searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated,  and  no  warrants 
shall  issue,  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported  by  oath  or  afhrmation,  and 
jiarticularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to  be 
seized. 

Article  V 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise  infamous  crime,  unless 
on  a  presentment  or  indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  in  the  land  or 
naval  forces,  or  in  the  militia,  when  in  actual  service  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger; 
nor  shall  any  person  be  subject  for  the  same  offense  to  be  twice  put  m  jeopardy  of 
life  or  limb;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against 
him,  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor 
shall  private  property  be  taken  for  public  use,  without  just  compensation. 

Article  M 

In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy,  and 
public  trial,  by  an  impartial  jury  of  the  State  and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall 
have  been  committed,  which  district  shall  have  been  previously  ascertained  by  law, 
and  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation;  to  be  confronted  with 
the  witnesses  against  him;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  in 
his  favor,  and  to  have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defense. 

Article  VII 

In  suits  at  common  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty  dollars, 
the  right  of  trial  by  jury  shall  be  preserved  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  jury  shall  be 
otherwise  re-examined  in  any  court  of  the  United  States  than  according  to  the  rules 
of  the  common  law. 

Article  VIII 

Excessive  bail  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  and 
unusual  punishments  inflicted. 

Article  IX 

The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution  of  certain  rights  shall  not  be  construed  to 
deny  or  disparage  others  retained  by  the  people. 


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Article  X 

The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited 
by  It  to  the  States,  are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

Subsequent  Amendments 

Article  XI 

The  ludicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  suit 
in  law  or  ecjuity,  commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United  States,  by 
citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  or  subjects  of  any  foreign  State. 

[Proposal  to  the  Lcgislatu}cs  oj  the  several  States  b\'  the  Third  Congress  on  the  5th  of  \ 
Mareh,  1794,  ami  deelared  to  have  been  ratified  bv  Executive  Proelamation  January  I 
8,1798.  It  was  ratified  b\  North  Carohna  on  February  7,1795.] 

Article  XII 

The  electors  shall  meet  m  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  President 
and  Vice  President,  one  of  whom  at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  Slate 
with  themselves;  they  shall  name  m  their  ballots  the  person  voted  tor  as  President, 
and  in  distinct  ballots  the  persons  \'oted  for  as  Vice  President;  and  they  shall  make 
distinct  lists  ot  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  all  persons  voted  for  as 
Vice  President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  lists  they  shall  sign  and 
certify,  and  transmit,  sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  : 
directed  to  the  President  ol  the  Senate;  the  President  of  the  Senate  shall,  m  the 
presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates,  and 
the  votes  shall  then  be  counted;  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  ol  votes  lor 
President  shall  be  the  President,  il  such  number  be  a  majoril)'  ol  the  whole  number 
ot  electors  appointed;  if  no  person  have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having 
the  highest  numbers,  not  exceeding  three  on  the  list  of  those  voted  for  as  President, 
tlie  ITouse  ot  Representatives  shall  choose  immediately,  by  ballot,  the  President. 
But  m  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation 
from  each  Stale  having  one  vote;  a  quorum  lor  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member 
or  members  trom  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be 
necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  , 
President,  whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before  the  fourth  < 
day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice  President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  : 
case  ot  the  death  or  any  constitutional  disability  of  the  President.  The  person  having  j 
the  greatest  number  of  votes  as  Vice  President  shall  be  the  Vice  President,  if  such  j 
number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  ' 
have  a  majority,  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list,  the  Senate  shall  choose  i 
the  Vice  President;  a  C[Uorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  two-thirds  of  the  ; 

846  i 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

whole  number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary 
to  a  choice.  But  no  person  constitutionally  ineligibility  to  the  office  of  President 
shall  be  ehgible  to  that  of  Vice  President  of  the  United  States. 

[Proposed  by  the  Eighth  Congress  on  the  12  of  December,  1803,  declared  ratified  by  the 
Secretary  of  State,  September  25,  1804.  It  was  ratified  by  North  Carohna  on  December 
21,  1803.  It  was  ratified  by  all  the  States  except  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Massachusetts, 
and  New  Hampshire.] 

^  Article  XIII 

1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime 
whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist  within  the  United 
States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  jurisdiction. 

2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

[Proposed  by  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress  on  the  1st  of  February,  1865,  declared  ratified 
by  the  Secretary  of  State,  December  18,  1865.  It  was  ratified  by  North  Carolina  on 

'  December  4,  1865  (Resolution,  Public  Laws  of  1865).  It  was  rejected  by  Delaware  and 
Kentucky,  was  conditionally  ratified  by  Alabama  and  Mississippi,  and  Texas  took  no 

\  action.] 

Article  XrV 

'  1 .  All  persons  bom  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction 
j  thereof,  are  citizens  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside.  No 
State  shall  make  or  enforce  any  law  which  shall  abridge  the  privileges  of 
immunities  for  citizens  of  the  United  States;  nor  shall  any  State  deprive  any 
person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor  deny  to  any 
person  within  its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

2 .  Representatives  shall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  States  according  to  their 
respective  numbers,  counting  the  whole  number  of  persons  in  each  State, 
excluding  Indians  not  taxed.  But  when  the  right  to  vote  at  any  election  for  the 
choice  of  electors  for  President  and  Vice  President  of  the  United  States, 
Representatives  in  Congress,  the  executive  and  judicial  officers  of  a  state,  or  the 
members  of  the  Legislature  thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  inhabitants  of 
such  State,  being  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or 
in  any  way  abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crime,  the 
basis  of  representation  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the 
number  of  such  male  citizens  shall  bear  to  the  whole  number  of  male  citizens 
twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  State. 

3 .  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress,  or  elector  of  President 
and  Vice  President,  or  held  any  office,  civil  or  mifitary,  under  the  United  States, 
or  under  any  State,  who,  having  previously  taken  an  oath,  as  a  member  of 

I        Congress,  or  as  an  officer  of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  State 


847 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or  judicial  officer  of  any  State,  to  support  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  shall  have  engaged  m  insurrection  or  rebellion 
against  the  same,  or  gi\'en  aid  or  comtort  to  the  enemies  thereoi.  But  Longress  I 
may,  by  a  \'ote  of  two-thirds  of  each  house,  remove  such  disability.  j 

4.  The  N'alidity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States,  authorized  by  law  including 
debts  incurred  for  payment  of  pensions  and  bounties  tor  services  m  suppressing 
insurrection  or  rebellion,  shall  not  be  questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States 
nor  any  State  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred  m  aid  of 
insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  United  States,  or  an)-  claim  ior  the  loss  of 
emancipation  of  any  slave;  but  all  such  debts,  obligations,  and  claims  shall  be 
held  illegal  and  void.  ' 

5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  entorce  by  appropriate  legislation  the 
provisions  of  this  article. 

[The  Reconstruction  Amendment,  bv  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress  on  the  16th  dav  oj  June, 
1866,  was  declared  ratified  bv  the  Secretarx  of  State.  Julv  28,  1868.  The  amendment  got 
the  support  of  23  Northern  States,  it  was  refected  f^v  Delaware  Kentucky,  Maryland, 
and  10  SoutfKrn  States.  California  took  no  action.  Later  it  was  ratified  by  the  10  Soutfiern 
States.  North  Carolina  ratified  it  on  julv  4,  1868  {Resolution  2,  Pufilic  Laws  of  1868).] 

Article. W 

1.  The  right  of  the  citizens  oi  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or 
abridged  by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State  on  account  ot  race,  color,  or 
prevK^us  condition  of  senitude. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

[Proposed  by  tfie  Fortieth  Congress  the  27th  oj  February,  1869,  and  was  declared  ratijied 
by  the  Secretary  of  State,  March  30,  1870.  It  was  not  acted  on  by  Tennessee,  it  was  rejected 
by  California,  Delaware,  Kentucky,  Maryland  and  Oregon:  ratified  /n'  tfie  renuuning  30 
States.  North  Carolina  ratified  it  on  March  5,  1869  (Public  Laws  of  1868-69).  New  York 
rescinded  its  ratification  January  5,  1870.  New  Jersey  refected  it  m  1870,  /nit  ratified  it  in 
187Lf 

Article  XVI  ' 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes  on  incomes,  from 
whatever  source  derived,  without  apportionment  among  the  several  States,  and  ^ 
without  regard  to  any  census  or  enumeration. 

[Proposed  by  the  Sixty-first  Congress,  July  12,  1909,  and  declared  ratified  February', 
25,  1913.  TfK  income  ta.\  amendment  was  ratified  /n'  all  the  States,  except  Connecticut,  \ 
Florida,  Pennsylvania,  Rfwde  Island,  Utah,  and  Virginia.  North  Carohna  ratified  it  on\ 
February  11,  1911  (Resolution  U,  Public  Laws  of  I911.)[  \ 


848 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT         CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

Article  XVII 

1 .  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators  from  each 
State,  elected  by  the  people  thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator  shall  have 
one  vote.  The  electors  in  each  State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for 
electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legislatures. 

i  2 .  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  presentation  of  any  State  in  the  Senate,  the  executive 
authority  of  such  State  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies;  Provided, 
that  the  Legislature  of  any  State  may  empower  the  Executive  thereof  to  make 
temporary  appointments  until  the  people  fill  the  vacancies  by  election  as  the 
Legislature  may  direct. 

3.  This  amendment  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  affect  the  election  or  term  of 
any  Senator  chosen  before  it  became  vaHd  as  part  of  the  Constitution. 

[Proposed  by  the  Sixty-second  Congress  on  the  16th  day  of  May,  1912,  and  declared 

:  ratified  May  31,  1913.  Adopted  by  all  the  States  except  Alabama,  Delaware,  Florida, 

Georgia,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Mississippi,  Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina, 

Utah  and  Virginia.  North  Carolina  ratified  it  on  January  25,  1913  (Resolution  10, 

;  Public  Laws  of  1913).] 

i  Article  XVIII 

i  1.  After  one  year  from  the  ratification  of  this  article  the  manufacture,  sale,  or 
transportation  of  intoxicating  liquors  within,  the  importation  thereof  into,  or 
the  exportation  thereof  from  the  United  States  and  all  territory  subject  to  the 

I         jurisdiction  thereof  for  beverage  purposes  is  hereby  prohibited. 

2 .  The  Congress  and  the  several  States  shall  have  concurrent  power  to  enforce  this 
article  by  appropriate  legislation. 

3 .  This  article  shall  be  inoperative  unless  it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  by  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  as  provided  in  the 
Constitution,  within  seven  years  from  the  date  of  the  submission  hereof  to  the 
States  by  the  Congress. 

.  [Proposed  by  the  Sixty-fifih  Congress,  December  18,  1917,  and  ratified  by  36  States; 
was  declared  in  effect  on  January  16,  1920.  It  was  ratified  by  North  Carolina  on  January 
I  16,  1919  (Resolution  8,  Public  Laws  of  1919) J 


J 


849 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Article  XIX 

1 .  The  rights  of  citizens  o{  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged 
by  the  United  States  or  by  any  State  on  account  of  sex. 

2.  Congress  shall  have  power,  by  appropriate  legislation,  to  enforce  the  provisions 
of  this  article. 

[Proposed  by  the  Sixty-fifth  Congress.  On  August  26,  1920,  it  was  proclaimed  in  effect, 
having  been  ratified  by  three-quarters  of  the  States.  It  was  ratified  by  North  Carohna  on 
May  6,  1971  (Ch.  327,  Session  Laws  of  1971 ).  The  Tennessee  House,  August  31st,  rescmded 
its  ratification,  47  to  24.] 

Article  XX 

1 .  The  terms  of  the  President  and  Vice  President  shall  end  at  noon  on  the  20th  day 
of  January,  and  the  terms  of  Senators  and  Representatives  at  noon  on  the  3rd 
day  ol  Januaiy  of  the  years  m  which  such  terms  would  have  ended  if  this  article 
had  not  been  ratihed;  and  the  terms  ot  their  successors  shall  then  begin. 

2 .  The  Congress  shall  assemble  at  least  once  m  every  year,  and  such  meeting  shall 
begin  at  noon  on  the  3rd  day  of  January,  unless  they  shall  by  law  appoint  a 
different  day. 

3.  If,  at  the  time  fixed  for  the  beginning  of  the  term  of  the  President,  the  President 
elect  shall  have  died,  the  Vice  President  elect  shall  become  President.  If  a  President 
shall  not  have  been  chosen  before  the  time  fixed  for  the  beginning  of  his  term, 
or  if  the  President  elect  shall  have  failed  to  qualify,  then  the  Vice  President  elect 
shall  act  as  President  until  a  President  shall  have  been  qualified;  and  the  Congress 
may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  wherein  neither  President  elect  nor  a  Vice 
President  elect  shall  have  qualified,  declaring  who  shall  then  act  as  President,  or 
the  manner  in  which  one  who  is  to  act  shall  be  selected,  and  such  person  shall 
act  accordingly,  until  a  President  or  Vice  President  shall  have  qualified. 

4.  The  Congress  may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of  the  death  of  any  of  the  persons 
trom  wJiom  the  House  of  Representatives  may  choose  a  President  whenever  the 
right  of  choice  shall  have  devolved  upon  them,  and  for  the  case  of  the  death  of 
any  of  the  persons  for  whom  the  Senate  may  choose  a  Vice  President  when  the 
right  ol  choice  shall  have  dex'olved  upon  them. 

5.  Section  1  and  2  shall  take  effect  on  the  15th  day  of  October  following  the 
ratification  ot  this  article. 

6 .  This  article  shall  be  inoperative  unless  it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  by  the  legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  States  within 
seven  years  from  the  date  of  its  submission. 


850 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT         CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

[Proposed  hy  the  72nd  Congress,  First  Session.  On  February  6,  1933,  it  was  proclaimed 
in  effect,  having  been  ratified  by  thirty-nine  states.  It  was  ratified  by  North  CaroUna  on 
January  5,  1933  (Resohaion  4,  Pubhc  Laws  of  1933).] 

Article  XXI 

1 .  The  eighteenth  article  of  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  is 
hereby  repealed. 

'  2.  The  transportation  or  importation  into  any  State,  Territory,  or  possession  of  the 
United  States  for  delivery  or  use  therein  of  intoxicating  liquors,  in  violation  of 
the  laws  thereof,  is  hereby  prohibited. 

'  3 .  This  article  shall  be  inoperative  unless  it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  by  convention  m  the  several  States,  as  provided  in  the 
Constitution,  within  seven  years  from  the  date  of  the  submission  hereof  to  the 
States  by  the  Congress. 

,  [Proposed  by  the  72nd  Congress,  Second  Session.  Proclaimed  in  effect  on  December  5, 

■  1933,  having  been  ratified  hy  thirty-six  States.  North  Carolina  did  not  ratify  this 

■  Amendment.  By  proclamation  of  the  same  date,  the  President  proclaimed  that  the  eighteenth 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  was  repealed  on  December  5,  1933.] 

Article  XXII 

'  1.  No  person  shall  be  elected  to  the  office  of  the  President  more  than  twice,  and 
no  person  who  has  held  the  office  of  President,  or  acted  as  President,  for  more 
than  two  years  of  a  term  to  which  some  other  person  was  elected  President 
shall  be  elected  to  the  office  of  the  President  more  than  once.  But  this  article 
shall  not  apply  to  any  person  holding  the  office  of  President  when  this  article 
was  proposed  by  the  Congress,  and  shall  not  prevent  any  person  who  may  be 
holding  the  office  of  President,  or  acting  as  President  during  the  term  within 
which  this  article  becomes  operative  from  holding  the  office  of  President  or 
acting  as  President  during  the  remainder  of  such  term. 

2 .  This  article  shall  be  inoperative  unless  it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an  amendment 
to  the  Constitution  by  the  legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  States  within 
seven  years  from  the  date  of  its  submission  to  the  States  by  the  Congress. 


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NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

iPwposcd  by  the  30lh  Con;^rcss  in  1947  and  became  effective  on  Feb.  26,  195L  having 
been  ratijied  by  durty-six  states.  It  was  latijied  by  North  CaroUna  on  January  28,  1951 
(Ch.  i.36,  Session  Laws  of  1951  ).j 

Article  XXIII 

1 .  The  District  constituting  the  seat  of  Government  of  the  United  States  shall  appoint 
in  such  manner  as  the  Congress  may  direct: 

A  number  of  electors  of  President  and  Vice  President  equal  to  the  whole  number  of 
Senators  and  Representatives  m  Congress  to  which  the  District  would  be  entitled 
if  it  were  a  State,  but  m  no  event  more  than  the  least  populous  State;  they  shall 
be  m  addition  to  those  appointed  by  the  States,  but  they  shall  be  considered,  ( 
for  the  purpose  of  the  election  of  President  and  Vice  President,  to  be  electors  ( 
appointed  by  a  State;  and  they  shall  meet  m  the  District  and  perform  such  duties 
as  provided  by  the  twelfth  article  of  amendment.  i 

2.  The  Congress  shall  ha\e  power  to  enforce  this  article  b\'  appropriate  legislation. 

[Proposed  by  the  86th  Congress  in  June  oj  1960  and  ratijied  bv  the  38th  State,  March 
29,  1961  and  proclauned  a  part  oj  the  Constitution,  April  3,  1961.  North  Carohna  did 
not  ratify  it.j 

Article  XXTV 

1.  The  right  ot  citizens  oi  the  United  States  to  vote  m  an)'  primary  or  other  election 

for  President  or  Vice  President,  for  electors  for  President  or  Vice  President,  or 
for  Senator  or  Representatu'e  m  Congress,  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by 
the  United  States  or  any  State  by  reason  of  tailure  to  pay  any  poll  tax  or  other ' 
tax. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation,  i 

[Proposed  by  the  87th  Congress,  August  27,  1962,  and  ratified  bv  the  38th  State  January 
23,  J 964.  //  was  not  ratified  bv  North  Carolina.] 

Article  XXV 

1 .  In  case  of  the  removal  oi  the  President  from  offtce  or  of  his  death  or  resignation,  j 
the  Vice  President  shall  become  President. 

2.  Whenever  there  is  a  vacancy  m  the  ofhce  of  the  \'ice  President,  the  President 
shall  nominate  a  Vice  President  who  shall  take  ofhce  upon  confirmation  b\-  a 
majority  vote  of  both  Houses  of  Congress. 


852 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

3 .  Whenever  the  President  transmits  to  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate 
and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  his  written  declaration  that  he 
is  unable  to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  his  office,  and  until  he  transmits 
to  them  a  written  declaration  to  the  contrary,  such  powers  and  duties  shall  be 
discharged  by  the  Vice  President  as  Acting  President. 

4.  Whenever  the  Vice  President  and  a  majority  of  either  the  principal  officers  of 
the  executive  departments  or  of  such  other  body  as  Congress  may  by  law  provide, 
transmit  to  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  their  written  declaration  that  the  President  is  unable 
to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  his  office,  the  Vice  President  shall 
immediately  assume  the  powers  and  duties  of  the  office  as  Acting  President. 

Thereafter,  when  the  President  transmits  to  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate 
and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  his  written  declaration  that  no 
inability  exists,  he  shall  resume  the  powers  and  duties  of  his  office  unless  the  Vice 
President  and  a  majority  of  either  the  principal  officers  of  the  executive  departments 
or  of  such  other  body  as  Congress  may  by  law  provide,  transmit  within  four  days 
to  the  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  and  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  their  written  declaration  that  the  President  is  unable  to  discharge 
the  powers  and  duties  of  his  office.  Thereupon  Congress  shall  decide  the  issue, 
assembling  withm  forty-eight  hours  for  that  purpose  if  not  in  session.  If  the 
Congress,  within  twenty-one  days  after  receipt  of  the  latter  written  declaration,  or,  if 
Congress  is  not  in  session,  within  twenty-one  days  after  Congress  is  required  to 
assemble,  determines  by  two-thirds  vote  of  both  Houses  that  the  President  is  unable 
to  discharge  the  powers  and  duties  of  his  office,  the  Vice  President  shall  continue  to 
discharge  the  same  as  Acting  President;  otherwise,  the  President  shall  resume  the 
powers  and  duties  of  his  office. 

[Submitted  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  Jijty  States  July  6,  1965.  Ratified  by  the  38th  State 
(Nevada)  February  10,  1967.  It  was  ratified  by  North  Carolina  on  March  22,  1967 
(Ch.  77,  Session  Laws  of  1967).] 

Article  XXVI 

1.  The  right  of  citizens  of  the  United  States,  who  are  eighteen  years  ot  age  or  older, 
to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  United  States  or  any  State  on 
account  of  age. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  the  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate 
legislation. 

[Proposed  to  the  States  by  Congress  on  March  23,  1971  and  ratification  completed  June 
30,  1971.  It  was  ratified  by  North  Carolina  on  July  1,  1971  (Ch.  725,  Session  Laws  of 
1971)J 


853 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


George  Walker  Bush 

President  of  the  United  States 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  in  New  Hax'cn.  Connecticul,  on  July  6, 
1946. 

EducationalBacI?gix)und 

B.A.  m  History,  Yale  University  1968;  MBA, 
Harvard  University,  1975. 

Prx)fessiojialBac}2grx)utid 

Owner,  Oil  and  Gas  Business;  Partner,  Texas 
Rangers  Baseball  Team. 

Political  Activities 

President  of  the  United  States,  2001 -Present; 
Governor,  State  of  Texas,  1994-2000. 

Military  Service 

F-102  Fighter  Pilot,  Texas  Air  National  Guard. 

Per^soiiallnfonnation 

Married  to  Uiura  Welch  Bush.  Two  children. 


854 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


Richard  B.Cheney 

Vice  President  of  the  United 
States 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Lincoln,  Nebraska,  on  January  30,  1941. 

EducationalBackground 

B.A.  m  Political  Science,  University  of  Wyoming; 
M.A.  m  Political  Science,  University  of  Wyoming. 

ProfessionalBackgwund 

CEO,  Halliburton  Company. 

Political  Activities 

Vice  President  of  the  United  States,  2001-Present; 
White  House  Chief  of  Staff,  1975-76;  U.S. 
Congressman,  1978-88;  Secretary  of  Defense, 
1989-93. 

Honors  andAwards 

Presidential  Medal  of  Freedom,  1991. 

Personallnformation 

Married,  L)Tine  Ann  Vincent  Cheney  Two  children.  Three  grandchildren. 


855 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Presidents  of  the  United  States 

name 

native  state 

born 

inaugurated 

George  Washington  (F) 

Virginia 

1732 

1789 

John  Adams  (F) 

Massachusetts 

1735 

1797 

Thomas  Jefferson  (D-R) 

Virginia 

1743 

1801 

James  Madison  (D-R) 

Virginia 

1751 

1809 

James  Monroe  (D-R) 

Virginia 

1758 

1817 

John  Qumcy  Adams  (N-R) 

Massachusetts 

1767 

1825 

Andrew  Jackson  (D) 

North  Carolina 

1767 

1829 

Martm  Van  Buren  (Whig) 

New  York 

1782 

1837 

WilUam  H.  Harrison^  (W) 

Virginia 

1773 

1841 

John  Tyler  (W) 

Virginia 

1790 

1841 

James  Knox  Polk  (D) 

North  Carolina 

1795 

1845 

Zachary  Taylor-  (W) 

Virginia 

1784 

1849 

Millard  Fillmore  (W) 

New  York 

1800 

1850 

Franklin  Pierce  (D) 

New  Hampshire 

1804 

1853 

James  Buchanan  (D) 

Pennsylvania 

1791 

1857 

Abraham  Lincoln''  (R) 

Kentucky 

1809 

1861 

Andrew  Johnson'*  (D) 

North  Carolina 

1808 

1865 

Ulysses  S.  Grant  (R) 

Ohio 

1822 

1869 

Rutherford  B.  Hayes  (R) 

Ohio 

1822 

1877 

James  A.  Garfield'  (R) 

Ohio 

1831 

1881 

Chester  A.  Arthur  (R) 

Vermont 

1830 

1881 

Grover  Cleveland"  (D) 

New  Jersey 

1837 

1885 

Benjamin  Harrison  (R) 

Ohio 

1833 

1889 

Grover  Cleveland'  (D) 

New  Jersey 

1837 

1893 

William  McKinley'  (R) 

Ohio 

1843 

1897 

Theodore  Roosevelt  (R) 

New  York 

1858 

1901 

William  H.  Taft  (R) 

Ohio 

1857 

1909 

Woodrow  Wilson  (D) 

Virginia 

1856 

1913 

Warren  G,  Harding"  (R) 

Ohio 

1865 

1921 

Calvin  Coolidge  (R) 

Vermont 

1872 

1923 

Herbert  C.  Hoover  (R) 

Iowa 

1874 

1929 

Franklin  D.  Roosevelt '''  (D) 

New  York 

1882 

1933 

Harry  S.  Truman  (D) 

Missouri 

1884 

1945 

D wight  D.  Eisenhovv^er  (R) 

Texas 

1890 

1953 

856 


native  state 

bom 

inaugurated 

Massachusetts 

1917 

1961 

Texas 

1908 

1963 

California 

1913 

1969 

Michigan 

1913 

1974 

Georgia 

1924 

1977 

IlUnois 

1911 

1981 

Massachusetts 

1924 

1989 

Arkansas 

1946 

1993 

Texas 

1946 

2001 

UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT         CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

Presidents  of  the  United  States  (continued) 

name 

John  Y.  Kennedy  1'  (D) 
Lyndon  B.  Johnson  (D) 
Richard  M.  Nixon^^  (R) 
C.erald  R.  Ford  (R) 
James  Earl  Carter  (D) 
Ronald  Wilson  Reagan  (R) 
George  H.W.  Bush  (R) 
William  J.  CUnton  (D) 
George  W  Bush  (R) 

Harrison  died  on  April  4,  1841. 

Taylor  died  on  July  9,  1850. 

Lincoln  was  shot  April  14,  1865,  and  died  the  following  day 

Andrew  Johnson,  a  Democrat,  was  nominated  Vice  President  by  Republicans 
and  elected  with  Lincoln  on  National  Union  ticket. 

Garfield  was  shot  July  2,  1881,  and  died  September  19. 

According  to  a  ruling  of  the  State  Department,  Grover  Cleveland  is  counted  twice, 
as  the  22nd  and  the  24th  President,  because  his  two  terms  were  not  consecutive. 
Only  42  individuals  have  been  President. 

See  footnote  6. 

McKinley  was  shot  September  6,  1901,  and  died  September  14. 

Harding  died  on  August  2,  1923. 

^°  Roosevelt  died  on  April  12,  1945. 

^^  Kennedy  was  assassinated  on  November  22,  1963. 

^^  Nixon  resigned  August  9,  1974,  following  several  months  of  pressure  over  the 
"Watergate"  break-in  and  subsequent  cover-up. 


857 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Presidential  Cabinet 

Vice  Prcsidenl 

Secretai')'  ot  Agriculture 

Secreiar)'  of  Commerce 

Secretary  of  Defense 

Secretary  of  Education 

Secretary  of  Energy 

Secretar)'  of  Health  and  tiuman  Senices 

Secretar)'  of  Housing  and  Urban  Development 

Secretar)'  of  the  Interior 

Secretary  of  Labor 

Secretary  ot  State 

Secretary  of  Transportation 

Secretary  ot  the  Treasury 

Secretary  of  Veterans  Affair 

Attorney  General 

xAmbassador  to  the  United  Nations 

Major  Appointments 

White  House  Chief  of  StatT 
National  Security  Adviser 
U.S.  Trade  Representative 
Press  Secretarv 

J 

Director,  Central  Intelligence  Agency 
Director,  OtTice  of  Management  and  Budget 
Chair,  Council  of  Economic  Advisors 
Acting  Administrator,  Environmental  Protection 

Director,  Homeland  Security 

Director,  Ofhce  of  National  Drus^  Control  Policy 


Richard  B.  Cheney 
Mike  Johanns 
Carlos  Gutierrez 
Donald  Rumsfeld 
Margaret  SpeUings 
Samuel  W  Bodman 
Michael  O.  Leavitt 
Alphonso  Jackson 
Gale  Norton 
Elaine  Chao 
Colm  Powell 
Norman  Mmeta 
lohn  Snow 
Jim  Nicholson 
Alberto  Gonzales 
John  Negroponte 

Andrew  Card 
Condoleezza  Rice 
Peter  Allgeier 
Eric  R.  Staal 
Cong.  Porter  Goss 
Joshua  B.  Bolten 
Harvey  J.  Rosen 
Agency 

Stephen  L.  Johnson 
Michael  ChertotT 
John  Walters 


858 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


One  Hundred  and  Eighth  U.S.  Congress 


The  Senate 

'  President  of  the  Senate 

President  Pro-Tempore 
j  Secretar)'  of  the  Senate 

Majority  Leader 
;  Minority  Leader 
1  Majority  Whip 
;  Minority  Whip 

North  Carolina  Senators 

I  John  Edwards  (Senior  Senator) 
I  Elizabeth  Dole  Qunior  Senator) 

Standing  Committees  of  the  U.S. 

■  Agriculture,  Nutrition  and  Forestry' 
;  Armed  Services 
i  Budget 

Energy  and  Natural  Resources 

Finance 

Governmental  Affairs 
I  Judiciary 

Small  Business 


Richard  Cheney  (Vice  President) 

Robert  B)Td  (West  Virginia) 

Jeri  Thomsen 

Thomas  A.  Daschle  (South  Dakota) 

Trent  Lott  (Mississippi) 

Harry  Reid  (Nevada) 

Don  Nickles  (Oklahoma) 


Senate 

Appropriations 

Banking,  Housing  and  Urban  Affairs 

Commerce,  Science  and  Transportation 

Environment  and  Public  Works 

Foreign  Relations 

Health,  Education,  Labor  and  Pensions 

Rules  and  Administration 

Veterans  Affairs 


Special  and  Select  Committees  of  the  U.S.  Senate 

:  Agmg 
Intelligence 


Ethics 
Indian  Affairs 


^  Joint  Committees  of  Congress 

Economic 
I  Taxation 


Printing 


859 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

John  Edwards 

United  States  Senator 
North  Carolina,  Democrat 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Seneca,  South  Carolina,  on  June  10, 
1953,  to  Wallace  and  Bobbie  Edwards. 

EducatJonalBacI^vund 

North  Moore  High  School,  Robbins,  N.C.; 
B.S.  with  Honors,  N.C.  State  University,  1974; 
J.D.  with  Honors,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School 
of  Law,  1977. 

Ptx)fessionalBaclzground 

Attorney. 

Political  Activities 

U.S.  Senator,  1999-Present. 

Personalln/bnnation 

Married  to  Elizabeth  Anania  Edwards.  Eour 

children.  Methodist.  ' 

Committee  Assignments  \ 

Member,  Commerce;  Science  and  Transportation;  Health,  Education,  Labor  and 
Pensions;  Intelligence;  Judiciaiy;  Small  Business.  | 


860 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


Elizabeth  Dole 

United  States  Senator 
North  Carolina,  Republican 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Salisbury,  Rowan  County. 

EducationalBackgroimd 

Salisbury  High  School;  Duke  University  (Phi 
Beta  Kappa),  1958;  Harvard  Law  School,  1965; 
Masters  Degrees  in  Education  and  Government, 
Harvard  University. 

PwfessionalBackground 

Former  President,  American  Red  Cross,  1991- 
99. 

Political  Actwitles 

U.S.  Senator,  2002-Present;  U.S.  Secretary  of  Labor,  1989-91;  U.S.  Secretary  of 
Transportation,  1983-87;  Assistant  to  President  Ronald  Reagan,  1981-83;  Member, 
Federal  Trade  Commission,  1973-79;  Deputy  Assistant  for  Consumer  Affairs  to 
President  Richard  M.  Nixon,  1969-73 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Former  President,  American  Red  Cross,  1991-99. 

Elected  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Overseers,  Harvard  University,  1990-96;  Board  of  Trustees,  Duke  University, 
1974-85. 

Honors  andAwards 

1998  Humanitarian  Award,  National  Commission  Against  Drunk  Driving;  1998 
Inductee,  Safety  and  Health  Hall  of  Fame  International;  1995  Raoul  Wallenberg 
Award  for  Humanitarian  Service. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Sen.  Robert  Dole. 

Committee  Assignments 

Armed  Services,  Banking;  Aging. 


861 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


House  of  Representatives 

Speaker  ot  the  House 
Clerk  of  the  House 
Majority  Leader 
Minority  Leader 
Majority  Whip 
Minority  Whip 

North  Carolina  Representatives 

Eva  Ckiyton  (First  District) 
Bob  Etheridge  (Second  District) 
Waker  B.  Jones  (Third  District) 
David  E.  Price  (Fourth  District) 
Richard  Burr  (Fikh  District) 
J.  Howard  Coble  (Sixth  District) 
Mike  Mclntyre  (Seventh  District) 
Robin  Hayes  (Eighth  District) 
Sue  Myrick  (Ninth  District) 
T.  Cass  Ballenger  (Tenth  District) 
Charles  H.  Taylor  (Eleventh  District) 
Melvm  L.  Watt  (Twelfth  District) 

Standing  Committees 

Agriculture 

Armed  Services 

Education  and  the  Workforce 

Financial  Services 

House  Administration 

Judiciary 

Rules 

Small  Business 

Transportation  &  Inlrastructure 

Ways  and  Means 

Select  Committees 

Intelligence 

Joint  Committees 

Economics 
Taxation 


Dennis  Hastert  (Illinois) 

Jeff  Trandahl 

Tom  DeLay  (Texas) 

Richard  A.  Gephardt  (Missouri) 

Roy  Blunt  (Missouri) 

Steny  Hoyer  (Maiyland) 


Appropriations 

Budget 

Energy  and  Commerce 

Government  Reform 

International  Relations 

Resources 

Science 

Standards  of  Ofticial  Conduct 

Veterans 


Homeland  Securit\- 


Printing 


862 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


Eva  McPherson  Clayton 

U.S.  Representative 
First  District,  Democrat 

Early  Years 

Bom  in  Savannah,  Georgia,  on  September  16,  1934,  to 
Thomas,  Sr.,  and  Josephine  McPherson. 

EducationalBackground 

Lucy  C.  Laney  High  School,  1951;  B.S.  in  Biology, 

Johnson  C.  Smith  University,  1955;  M.S.  in  Biology, 

N.C.  Central  University,  1962;  M.S.  in  General  Science,  N.C.  Central  University, 

1962. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Founder/President,  Technical  Resources,  Ltd.,  1981-92. 

PoliticalActwities 

Representative,  U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1993-2000;  Member,  Warren  County 
Commission,  1982-92  (Chair,  1982-90). 

Business/Professionaly  ChuHtahWi^ic  or  Corninuriity  Service  Organizations 

NAACP  Legal  Defense  Fund,  Cancer  Drive;  Community  Health;  Rural  Housing; 
I  Family  Institute. 

Personal  Information 

j  Married  to  Theaoseus  T.  Clayton,  Sr.  Four  children.  Member,  Cotton  Memorial 
'  Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Ranking  Minority  Member,  Department  Operations,  Nutrition  and  Foreign 
Agriculture  Subcommittee;  Member,  Agriculture,  Budget. 


863 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Bob  Etheridge 

US.  Representathe 
Second  District,  Democrat 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Turkey,  Sampson  County,  on  August 
7,  1941,  to  John  P.  and  Beatrice  Coats 
Etheridge. 

EducationalBackground 

Cleveland  School,  Johnston  County,  1947- 
59;  B.S.  in  Business  Administration, 
Campbell  University,  1965. 

PixtfessionalBaclzground 

Businessman;  Director,  Standard  Bank, 
Dunn;  Licensed  Realtor. 

Political  Activities 

Representative,        U.S.        House        ol  , 

Representatives,  1997-Present  (New  Member  Whip,  1997-Present);  N.C.i 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  1989-96;  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,! 
1979-1988  (five  terms);  Harnett  County  Commissioner,  1973-1976  (Chairman, | 
1974-76).  I 

Business/Professionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Oi^anizations    \ 

Past  President,  Industrial  Management  Club;  Past  President,  Lillington  Lions  Club; 
American  Legion. 

Elected  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions 

Member  and  Director,  National  Council  of  Chief  State  School  Officers;  Advisory" 
Board,  Mathematics/Science  Education  Network;  Board,  North  Carolina  Council, 
on  Economic  Education. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army,  1965-67. 

Honors  andAwatris 

1987  Boy  Scout  Silver  Beaver  Award;  Honorary  Member,  Phi  Kappa  Phi;  1990 
Honorary  Degree  of  Doctor  oi  Laws  Irom  Campbell  University 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Faye  Cameron  Etheridge.  Three  children.  Member,  Leaflet  Presbyterian 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture,  Science. 


864 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


Walter  B.Jones,  Jr. 

U.S.  Representative 
Third  District 

Republican 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Farmville,  Pitt  County,  on  Febmary  10,  1943. 

EducationalBackground 

Hargrove  Military  Academy;  N.C.  State  University;  Bachelors  in 
History,  Atlantic  Christian  College. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Self-employed  Businessman. 

PolMcalBaehground 

Representative,  U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1995-Present;  Representative,  N.C. 
House. 

Military  Service 

North  Carolina  National  Guard,  1967-71. 

Personal  Information 

Married  to  JoeAnne  Jones.  One  child. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Armed  Services,  Banking  and  Financial  Services  and  Resources;  Founding 
Member,  Missing  and  Exploited  Children's  Caucus;  Co-Founder,  Wind  Hazard 
Reduction  Caucus. 


li 


. 


865 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

David  Eugene  Price 

VS.  Representati\e 
Fourth  District,  Democrat 

Early  Year^ 

Born  in  Johnson  City,  Tennessee  on  August 
17,  1940,  to  Albert  and  Elna  Harrell  Price. 

EducatwncdBac}zgtx)imd 

Unicoi  County  High  School,  Erwm, 
Tennessee;  Mars  Hill  College;  B.A.,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1961;  B.D.  (1964)  and  Ph.D. 
(1969),  Yale  University 

PivfessionalBackground 

Professor  of  Political  Science  and  Public 
Policy,  Duke  University,  1973-1986  and 
1994-96;  Assistant  Professor  of  Political 
Science  and  American  Studies,  Yale  University, 
1969-1973. 

Political  Activities 

U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1986-94  and  1996-Present. 

Business/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations    i 

American  Political  Science  Association;  National  Academy  of  Public  Administration. 

Honors  andAwarxis 

1990  Hubert  Humphrey  Public  Service  Award,  American  Political  Science 
Association;  1992  Pi  Sigma  Alpha  /\\vard.  National  Capital  Area  Political  Science| 
Association;  1993  National  Education  Service  Award,  Association  of  Community 
College  Trustees.  j 

Persoiudlnfonnation 

Married,  Lisa  Beth  Kanwit  Price.  Two  children.  Member,  Binkley  Memorial  Baptist 
Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Appropriations,  Budget. 


866 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


Richard  Burr 

U.S.  Representative 
Fifth  District,  Republican 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Charlottesville,  Virginia,  on  November 
i  30,  1955,  to  Dr.  David  and  Martha  Gilliam  Burr. 

i 

EducationalBackground 

;  Reynolds  High  School,  Winston-Salem,  1974; 
IB. A.    in    Communications,    Wake    Forest 
University,  1978. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Sales  Manager,  Carswell  Distributing. 

Political  Activities 

,  Representative,  U.S.  House  of  Representatives, 
'  1995-Present. 

Business/Professionaly  ChantabWCivic  or  Cornrnunity  Service  Organizations 

estate  Co-Chair,  Partnership  for  a  Drug-Free  North  CaroUna;  Board  Member,  Brenner 
Children's  Hospital. 

j  Honors  and  Awards 

2002  Legislator  of  the  Year,  Biotechnology  Industry  Organization;  2001  Outstanding 
Leadership  Award,  AdvaMed;  2001  Distinguished  Community  Health  Champion, 
{National  Association  for  Community  Health  Centers. 

■  Personal  In/brmation 

;, Married,  Brooke  Burr.  Two  children.  Member,  Centenary  Methodist  Church. 
I 
Committee  Assignments 

jjVice-Chair,  Oversight  and  Investigations  Subcommittee  of  Commerce;  Member, 

International  Relations. 


867 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

J.  Howard  Coble 

U.S.  Representative 

Sixth  District,  Republican 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  111  Greensboro,  Guilford  County,  on 
March  18,  1931,  to  Joe  Howard  and 
Johnnie  E.  Holt  Coble. 

EducatJonalBaclzground 

Alamance  High  School,  1949;  Attended 
Appalachian  State  University,  1949;  A.B.  in 
History,  Guilford  College;  J.D.,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1962. 

PiX)fessionalBacIigrx)und 

Attorney,  Firm  of  Turner,  Enochs  & 
Sparrow,   1979-1983. 

Political  Activities 

U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1985-Present;  Secretary,  N.C.  Department  of  Revenue,! 
1973-1979;  Assistant  U.S.  Attorney  U.S.  Middle  District,  1969-1973.  | 

Business/ProfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Sejuice  Oi^anizations   j 

N.C.  State  Bar  Association;  American  Legion;  Veterans  of  Foreign  Wars  of  the  U.SJ 

Military  SeiTiice 

U.S.  Coast  Guard  and  L^.S.  Coast  Guard  Reserve,  1952-1982  (Commanding  Officer^ 
Wilmington  Unit). 

Personal  In fonnation 

Member,  Alamance  Presb\'terian  Church. 

I 

CoTnmittee  Assignments 

Chair,  Courts,  the  Internet,  and  Intellectual  Property  Subcommittee  of  the  Judiciar\ 
Committee;  Member,  Transportation  and  Infrastructure. 


868 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


MikeMclntyre 

U.S.  Representative 
Sexenth  District,  Democrat 

Early  Years 

Born  on  August  6,  1956,  m  Lumberton,  Robeson 
[County,  to  Douglas  Carmichael  and  Thelma  Hedgpeth 
[Mclntyre. 

•  EducationalBachgroimd 

Lumberton  Senior  High  School;  Bachelors  Degree, 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1978;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill 
School  of  Law,  1981. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Attorney. 

\PoliticalActiuities 

^Representative,  U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1997-Present. 

(Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Seiuiee  Organizations 

'Lumberton  Area  Chamber  of  Commerce  (Former  Chair,  Legislative  Committee; 
Member,  Executive  Committee);  Member,  Lumberton  Ail-American  City  Delegation, 
,l'-)95;  N.C.  Bar  Association  (Former  State  Chair,  Citizenship  Education  Committee, 
'Young  Lawyers  Division). 

Elected  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

jCharter  Member,  N.C.  Commission  on  Children  &  Youth;  Charter  Member,  N.C. 
Commission  on  the  Family;  Vice-Chair,  Lumberton  Commission  for  Youth  &  the 
Family. 

Honors  and  Awards 

Phi  Beta  Kappa;  1978  Morehead  Scholar,  UNC-Chapel  Hill;  1978  Sullivan  Award, 
UNC-Chapel  Hill. 

Personal  Information 

Married,  Dee  Strickland  Mclntyre.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture,  Armed  Services. 


869 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Robin  Cannon  Hayes 

VS.  Representative 

Eighth  District,  Republican 

Early  Yeai^ 

Born  m  Concord,  Cabarrus  County,  to  Robert  and 
Mariam  Cannon  Hayes. 

EducationalBcicI?giX)wid 

Concord  High  School,  1963;  B.A.  m  History,  Duke 
Universitv,  1967. 

Pix)fessU)nalBackgix)unjd 

Owner/Operator.  Mt.  Pleasant  Hosiery  Mill. 

Political  Activities 

U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1998-Present;  N.C. 

House  of  Representatives  (Majority  Whip),  1992-96;  Concord  Board  of  Aldermen, 

1978. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

National  Federation  of  Independent  Businesses;  Cabarrus  Regional  Chamber  of 
Commerce;  Cannon  Foundation. 

Honors  and  Awarxls  \ 

1996  Legislator  of  the  Year,  National  Republican  Legislators  Association. 

Personal  Infbnnation  \ 

Married,  Barbara  Weiland  Hayes.  Two  children.  Member,  First  Presbyterian  Church' 
of  Concord.  I 

Cormnittee  Assignments 

Member,  Agriculture,  Armed  Services,  Resources. 


870 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER       ELEVEN 


Hf 

m 

\ 

-or- 

Q 

i 

f^^^^^^^^^^^l 

SueMyrick 

U.S.  Representati\e 
Ninth  District,  Republican 

Early  Years 

;  Born  in  Tiffin,  Ohio,  on  August  1,  1941,  to  William 

I  and  Margaret  Wilkins. 

\ 
EducationalBackground 

Port  Clinton  High  School,  Port  Clinton,  Ohio; 

Heidelberg  College. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Former  Co-Owner,  President  and  Chief  Executive 
Officer,  Myrick  Advertising;  Former  President  and  CEO, 
;  Myrick  Enterprises. 

Political  Activities 

; Representative,  U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1994-Present;  Mayor,  City  of 
i Charlotte,  1987-89  and  1989-91;  Member,  Charlotte  City  Council,  1983-85. 

:  Business/Pixjfessional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

I  March  of  Dimes;  Elks  AuxiHary;  Foster  Parent. 

j  Elected  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Board  of  Directors,  N.C.  Highway  Safety  Foundation;  Board  of  Directors,  N.C. 
Institute  of  Political  Leadership;  Member,  President  Bush's  Affordable  Housing 
Commission. 

Honors  and  Awards 

iChampion  of  Small  Business  Award,  1998-2001;  Hero  of  the  Taxpayer  Award, 
1 1998-2000;  Advocacy  Award,  National  Breast  Cancer  Coalition,  2000-2001. 

Personalln/brmation 

'Married,  Ed  Myrick.  Five  children.  Six  grandchildren.  Member,  United  Methodist 
i]  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Rules. 


871 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


Thomas  Cass  Ballenger 

U.S.  Representative 

Tenth  District,  Republican 

Early  Yem^ 

Born  in  Hickory,  Catawba  County,  on 
December  6,  1926,  to  Richard  E.  and  Dorothy 
ColHns  Ballenger. 

EducationcilBacliground 

Episcopal  High  School,  1944;  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1944-45;  B.A.,  Amherst  College,  1948. 

PixtfessionalBacIigwund 

Founder  and  Chairman  of  the  Board,  Plastic 
Packaging,  Inc. 

Political  Activities 

Representative,  U.S.  House  of  Representatives  (Deputy  Whip,  104th,  105th  and 
106th  Congress;  Republican  Steering  Committee,  104th,  105th  and  106th 
Congress),  1987-Present;  N.C.  Senate  (Former  Minority  Leader),  1977-1986;  N.C. 
House  of  Representatives,  1975-76;  Catawba  County  Board  of  Commissioners 
(Chair,  1970-74),  1966-1974. 

Busuiess/Professionaly  Charitable/Cvuic  or  Community  Service  Oi-ganizatiotis 

Community  Ridge  Day  Care  Center,  Hickory  (Co-Founder);  Greater  Hickory  United 
Fund  (Past  Chairman);  Director,  Greater  Hickory  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Elected  and  Appointed  Boaiyis  and  Commissions  I 

Board  of  Development  and  Board  o{  Directors,  Lenoir  Rhyne  College;  Board  ol 
Directors,  Salvation  Army;  Board  of  Trustees,  Florence  Crittenton  Home.  j 

Military  Service 

Airman  Cadet,  U.S.  Na\y  Air  Corps,  1944-45.  | 

Honors  and  Awaixls 

1988-95  Spirit  of  Enterprise  Award,  U.S.  Chamber  of  Commerce;  1986-96  Guardiar! 
of  Small  Business  Award,  NFIB;  1987-96  Watchdog  of  the  Treasury  Award.  j 

Personallnfbnnation 

Married,  Donna  Davis  Ballenger.  Three  children.  Member,  Episcopal  Church  ol  th(; 
Ascension.  i 

Cotntnittee  Assignments  \ 

Chair,  Subcommittee  on  the  Western  Hemisphere;  Member,  Education  and  th( 
Workforce,  International  Relations. 


872 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER       ELEVEN 


Charles  H.Taylor 

U.S.  Representative 
Eleventh  District,  Republican 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Transylvania  County  on  January  23,  1941,  to 
'Robert  and  Loee  Taylor. 

EducationalBackground 

Brevard  High  School;  B.A.  and  Juris  Doctor,  Wake  Forest 
University. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Managing  Director,  Transylvania  Tree  Farm;  Registered  Forester. 

Political  Activities 

U.S.  House  of  Representatives,  1991-Present;  Minority  Leader  of  the  House  for 
;wo  years;  N.C.  Senate  Minority  Leader. 

Elected  andAppointedBoards  and  Commissions 

Member,  N.C.  Board  of  Transportation;  Chairman,  Conservation  Committee,  N.C. 
Energy  Policy  Council. 

Personallnjbrmation 

Member,  First  Baptist  Church  of  Brevard. 

Committee  Assignments 

iMember,  Appropriations. 


J 


873 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Melvin  Watt 

U.S.  Representative 
Twelfth  District,  Democrat 

Early  Yeai^ 

Bom  m  Mecklenburg  County  on  August  26,  1945. 

EducatknialBacJ^ground 

York  Road  High  School,  Charlotte;  B.S.  m  Business 
Administration,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1967;  J.D.,  Yale 
University  School  of  Law,  1970. 

Prx)fessionalBacfigix)und 

Attorney  and  Businessman,  Ferguson,  Stem,  Watt, 
Wallas,  Adkms  and  Gresham;  Part  Owner,  East  Towne 
Manor  Health  Care  Facility 

Political  Activities 

Representative,  U.S.  Flouse  of  Representatives,  1993-Present;  N.C.  Senate,  1985- 
86. 

Elected  and  Appointed  Boarxls  and  Commissions 

President,  Mecklenburg  County  Bar;  Board  of  Visitors,  Johnson  C.  Smith  University; 
Central  Piedmont  Communitv  College  Foundation. 

Per^sonallnformation 

Married,  Eulada  Paysour  Watt.  Two  children.  Member,  Mt.  Olive  Presbyterian  Church. 

Committee  Assignments 

Member,  Financial  Services,  Judiciary  Joint  Economic. 


874 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT 


CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


United  States  Judiciary 


Supreme  Court 

jChief  Justice 
Associate  Justice 
Associate  Justice 
Associate  Justice 
Associate  Justice 
Associate  Justice 
Associate  Justice 
Associate  Justice 
Associate  Justice 


of  the  United  States 

William  H.  Rehnquist 
John  Paul  Stevens 
Sandra  Day  O'Connor 
Antonin  Scalia 
Anthony  M.  Kennedy 
David  H,  Souter 
Clarence  Thomas 
Ruth  Bader  Ginsburg 
Stephen  G.  Breyer 


Arizona 

Illinois 

Arizona 

Virginia 

California 

New  Hampshire 

District  of  Columbia 

New  York 

Massachusetts 


United  States  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  Fourth  Circuit 

i(The  Fourth  Circuit  encompasses  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Maryland,  Virginia 
and  West  Virginia.  The  court  sits  at  Richmond,  Virginia,  on  the  hrst  full  week  of 
each  month,  October  through  June.) 


ICircuit  lustice 
chief  Judge 
Circuit  Judge 
rcuit  Judge 
rcuit  Judge 
rcuit  Judge 
ircuit  Judge 
ircuit  Judge 
rcuit  Judge 
rcuit  Judge 
nior  Judge 
senior  Judge 
Senior  Judge 
senior  Judge 


>c 


William  H.  Rehnquist 
J.  Harvie  Wilkinson,  111 
H.  Emory  Widener,  Jr. 
Paul  V.  Niemeyer 
J.  Michael  Luttig 
Karen  J.  Williams 
M.  Blane  Michael 
Diana  G.  Motz 
William  B.  Traxler,  Jr. 
Robert  B.  King 
John  D.  Butzner,  Jr. 
J.  Dickson  Phillips,  Jr. 
Robert  h  Chapman 
Clyde  H,  Hamilton 


Arizona 
Virginia 
Virginia 
Maryland 
Virginia 
South  Carolina 
West  Virginia 
Maryland 
South  Carolina 
West  Virginia 
Virginia 
North  Carolina 
South  Carolina 
South  Carolina 


875 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


United  States  District  Court  in  North  Carolina 


Elizabeth  City 

Wilmington 

Greenville 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 

Raleigh 


Eastern  District  (Federal  Building,  Raleigh) 

Chief  Judge  Terrence  W.  Boyle* 

Judge  James  C.  Fox 

Judge  Malcolm  J.  Howard 

Senior  Judge  W.  Earl  Britt 

Clerk  David  W  Daniel 

U.S.  Attorney  Frank  D.  Whitney 

Middle  Distiict  (U.S.  Courthouse  and  Federal  Building,  Greensboro) 

Chief  Judge  N.  Carlton  Tilley  Jr.  Greensboro 

Frank  W  Bullock,  Jr.  Greensboro 

William  L.  Osteen  Greensboro 

James  A.  Beaty,  Jr.  Winston-Salem 

Richard  C.  Erwm  Wmston-Salem 

Hiram  H.  Ward  Wmston-Salem 

Joseph  P  Creekmore  Greensboro 

Anna  Mills  Wagoner  Greensboro 

Western  Distiict  (Charles  R.  Jonas  Federal  Building,  Charlotte) 

Chief  Judge  Graham  C.  Mullen  Charlotte 

Judge  Richard  L.  Voorhees  Charlotte 

Judge  Lacy  H.  Thornburg  Ashe\'ille 

Senior  Judge  Robert  D.  Potter  Charlotte 

Clerk  Frank  G.  Johns  Charlotte 

U.S.  Attorney  Robert  J.  Conrad,  Jr.  Charlotte 


Judge 

Judge 

Judge 

Senior  Judge 

Senior  Judge 

Clerk 

U.S.  Attorney 


Judge  Boyle  declined  to  provide  biographical  in  formal  ion 


876 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

James  Carroll  Fox 

Judge,  Eastern  District 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Atchinson,  Kansas,  on  November  6,  1928,  to  Jared  Copeland  and  Ethel 
Carrol  Fox. 

EducationalBackground 

Woodberry  Forest  School,  1946;  B.S.  m  Business  Administration,  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  1950;  LL.B.  with  Honors,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1967. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Eastern  District,  1982-Present;  New  Hanover  County 
jAttorney,  1967-81;  Attorney,  Murchison,  Fox  &  Newton,  1960-1982  (Associate, 
[1958-59). 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Cornmunity  Service  Organizations 

iN.C.  Bar  Association;  N.C.  State  Bar. 

Military  Service 

'U.S.  Army  Reserves,  1951-59  (Corporal). 

■Personallnfbrmation 

'Married,  Katharine  deRosset  Rhett.  Three  children.  Member,  St.  James  Episcopal 
jChurch,  Wilmington. 


J_. 


877 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Malcolm  Jones  Howard 

Judge,  Eastern  District 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Kinston,  Lenoir  County,  on  June,  24,  1939,  to  Clayton  and  Thelma  Lee 
Jones  Howard. 

EducationalBacligrx)imd 

Deep  Run  School;  The  Citadel;  B.S.,  U.S.  Military  Academy  (West  Point,  N.Y.) 
1962;  J.D.,  Wake  Forest  University  School  of  Law,  1970. 

PtxyfessionalBackground 

Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Eastern  District,  1988-Present;  Attorney  and  Senior 
Partner,  Howard,  Browning,  Sams,  and  Poole,  1975-88;  Counsel,  Executive  Office 
of  the  President  (White  House,  Washington,  D.C.),  1974;  Assistant  U.S.  Attorney 
(Raleigh,  N,  C),  1973-74. 

Business/Ptxyfessional,  ChaiitahWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations   i 

Roiarv  Club  ol  Greenville;  East  Carolina  Vocational  Center  (Director). 

Elected  and  Appointed  Boards  and  Commissions  i 

Board  of  Visitors,  Wake  Forest  University  School  of  Law,  1988-Prescnt.  \ 

Military  Seivice  j 

Lt.  Col.,  U.S.  Arm,  1962-72;  Reserves,  1972-82;  Silver  Star,  Bronze  Star  of  Valoil 
(2),  Meritorious  Service  Medal,  Purple  Heart,  Air  Medal  (2),  Combat  Infantrxman'^: 
Badge,  Parachute  Badge. 

Personalln/bnnation  " 

Married,  Eloise  K.  McGinty  Howard.  Two  children.  Member,  Memorial  Baptis 
Church,  Green\'ille. 


878 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT         CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

W.  Earl  Britt 

Senior  Judge,  Eastern  District 

Early  Years 

.Born  m  McDonald,  Robeson  County,  on  December  7,  1932,  to  Dudley  H.  and 

Martha  Mae  Hall  Britt. 

1 

EducationalBackground 

^^owland  High  School,  1950;  Campbell  College,  1950-52;  B.S.,  Wake  Forest 

Jniversity,  1956;  LL.B.,  Wake  Forest  University  School  of  Law,  1958. 

ProfessionalBackgroimd 

udge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Eastern  District. 

Business/Professional,  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

M.C.  Bar  Association;  Fourth  Circuit  Representative,  Judicial  Conference  of  the  United 
!5tates,  1996-97;  Federal  Judges  Association  (President,  1995-97). 

Military  Service 

J.S.  Army  1953-50  (Corporal). 

Honors  andAwards 

■Far  Heel  of  the  Week,  The  News  and  Obser\'er,  1981  and  1994. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Uarried  to  Judith  Moore  Britt  on  April  17,  1976.  Six  children.  Eleven  grandchildren. 


879 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

N.Carlton  Tilley,  Jr. 

Chief  Judge,  Middle  District 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Rock  Hill  on  December  16,  1943,  to 
Norwood  Carlton  and  Rebecca  Westbrook 
TiUcy. 

EducatiojialBacfigivund 

Rock  Hill  High  School,  1962;  B.S.  in  Biology, 
Wake  Forest  College,  1966;  J. D.,  Wake  Forest 
Universitv  School  ot  Law,  1969. 

Prx)fessionalBackgrx>und 

U.S.  District  Judge;  Law  Clerk  to  the  Honorable 
Eugene  A.  Gordon,  U.S.  District  Judge,  Middle 
District  of  N.C.,  1969-71;  Assistant  U.S. 
Attorney,  Middle  District,  N.C.,  1971-74;  U.S. 
Attorney,  Middle  District,  N.C.,  1974-77; 
Partner,  Osteen,  Adams,  Tilley  &  Walker,  1977-88. 

Business/PiX)fessional,  CJiaHtable/Cwic  or  Community  Service  Oi^aiiizatiotis 

American  Inns  of  Court,  Chief  Justice  Joseph  Branch  Chapter. 

Pei'sonal  Information 

Married  Greta  Medlm. 


880 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

FrankWilliam  Bullock,  Jr. 

Judge,  Middle  District 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Oxford  on  November  3,  1938,  to  Frank  William  and  Wilma  Long  Bullock. 

EducationalBackground 

iOxford  High  School,  1957;  Duke  University;  B.S.  m  Business  Administration,  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill,  1961;  LL.B.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1963. 

ProfessionalBacJ^round 

iJudge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Middle  District,  1982-Present  (Chief  Judge,  1992-99); 
Attorney  (Private  practice),  1964-68  and  1973-82;  Assistant  Director,  N.C. 
Administrative  Office  of  the  Courts,  1968-73;  Lavv^  Clerk  to  Federal  Judge,  1963- 

54. 

Business/Professional,  CharitabWCivic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

areensboro  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Bar  Association;  American  Bar  Association. 

Personal  In/brmation 

Married,  Frances  D.  Ha)^wood  Bullock.  One  child.    Member,  Presbyterian  Church. 


881 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

William  L  Osteen 

Judge,  Middle  District 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Greensboro,  Guilford  County,  on  July  15,  1930. 

EducationalBacfigrowtd 

A.B.  m  Economics,  Guilford  College,  1953;  LL.B.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  ol 
Law,  1956. 

Pix)fessionalBacIigrx)und 

U.S.  District  Court  Judge,  1991-Present;  Attorney,  Osteen,  Adams  &  Osteen,  1974- 
91;  U.S.  Department  of  Justice,  1969-74;  Attorney,  Booth  &  Osteen,  1959-69: 
William  L.  Osteen,  1958-59;  WH.  McElvvee,  Jr.,  1956-58. 

Business/PiXtfessionaU  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Bar  Association;  N.C.  State  Bar,  1989-91;  Greensboro  Bar  Association,  1989- 
90  (Member,  Executive  Committee,  1988-Present). 

Elected  andAppointedBoaixis  and  Commissions 

Member,  Committee  on  Code  of  Conduct  for  Federal  Judges,  1995-2001  (Chair 
2001-2004).  : 

Military  Service  | 

Staff  Sgt.,  U.S.  Army  1950-51;  U.S.  Army  Reserves,  1948-51.  I 

il 
Honors  and  Awaixls  I 

Martindale-Hubbell  A  Rating.  \ 

Personal  In/bnnation 

Married,  Joanne  Bennett  Snow  Osteen. 


882 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

! 

UamesA.BeatyJr. 

Judge,  Middle  District 

Early  Years 

i  Born  on  June  28,  1949,  m  Whitmire,  S.C. 

i  EducationalBackgwund 

j  Thomasville  Senior  High,  1967;  B.A.  in  Political  Science  Cum  Laude,  Western 
'  Carolina  University,  1971;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1974. 

ProfesskmalBachground 

^  U.S.  District  Court  Judge,  Middle  District,  1994-Present;  N.C.  Superior  Court  Judge, 
'\  1981-94;  Attorney,  Beaty  &  Friende,  1978-81;  Partner,  Erwin-Beaty  Attorneys,  1974- 
,77;  N.C.  Real  Estate  Commission,  1979-81;  Faculty,  National  Judicial  College, 
i  1990-92. 

Business/Professional,  Chantable/Cwic  or  (^rnrnunily  Service  Organizations 

i  American  Bar  Association;  N.C.  State  Bar;  N.C.  Bar  Association. 

Honors  and  Awards 

!  1990  Trial  Judge  of  the  Year,  N.C.  Academy  of  Trial  Lawyers;  1994  Distinguished 
I  Alumnus  Award,  Western  Carolina  University;  2002  Honorary  Doctor  of  Laws, 
I  Western  Carolina  University. 

I  Personallnformation 

I  Married,  Toyoko  C.  Townsend  Beaty.  One  child.  Member,  United  Metropolitan 
Baptist  Church. 


883 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Richard  Cannon  Erwin 

Senior  Judge,  Middle  District 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Marion,  McDowell  County,  on  August  23,  1923,  to  John  Adam  and  Flora 
Cannon  Erwm. 

EducationalBackground 

McDowell  County  Public  Schools;  B.A.,  Johnson  C.  Smith  University  1947;  LL.B.,, 
Howard  University  School  of  Law,  1951. 

Pix)fessionalBackground 

Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Middle  District;  Judge,  N.C.  Court  oi  Appeals,  1978- 
80;  Attorney,  Erwm  and  Beatty 

Political  Activities 

Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1975-77. 

Business/Prxyfessional,  Charitahle/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Forsyth  County  Bar  Association  (Former  President);  N.C.  State  Bar  Association; 
Bar  of  the  U.S.  Supreme  Court. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army  1943-46  (,1st  Sergeant).  i 

Honors  and  Awatxis 

L.L.D.,  Pfeiffer  College,  1980;  L.L.D.,  Johnson  C.  Smith  University  1981.  j 

Pei^sonalln/brmatioji  " 

Married,  Demerice  Whitley  Erwin.  Two  children.  Member,  St.  Pauls  United  Methodist 
Church. 


»84 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 


Hiram  Hamilton  Ward 

Senior  Judge,  Middle  District 

.Deceased,  April,  4,  2002. 

Early  Years 

jBorn  in  Thomasville,  Davidson  County,  on  April  29, 
U'23,  to  O.  L.  Ward  and  Margaret  A.  Lowdermilk 

Ward. 

EducatJonalBachground 

Denton  High  School;  Wake  Forest  University;  J. D., 
Wake  Forest  University  School  of  Law,  1950. 

ProfessionalBackground 

Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Middle  District,  1972- 
Present  (Chief  Judge,  1982-88;  Senior  Judge, 
,1988-Present). 

Political  Activities 

Member,  RepubHcan  Party;  N.C.  State  Board  of  Elections,  1964-72. 

Business/Professional,  CharitabWCivicor  Community  Service  Organizations 

American  Bar  Association;  N.C.  Bar  Association;  American  Judicature  Society;  Mason. 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Air  Force,  1940-45;  Air  Medal,  Purple  Heart,  Presidential  Unit  Citation. 

^flonors  andAwards 

Federal  Building  in  Winston-Salem  named  the  "Hiram  H.  Ward  Federal  Building 
md  United  States  Courthouse"  by  the  United  States  Congress,  1999;  1996  Honorary 
LLD.,  Wake  Forest  University;  1994  Liberty  Bell  Award,  N.C.  Bar  Association. 

Personallnformation 

Vlarried,  Evelyn  McDamel  Ward.  Two  children.  Member,  Baptist  Church. 


885 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Graham  C.  Mullen 

Chief  Judge,  Western  District 

Early  Years 

Born  m  Charlotte,  Mecklenburg  County,  on  April  21,  1940,  to  James  and  Margaret 
Calder  Mullen. 

EducationalBacligroimd 

Frank  L.  Ashley  High,  Gastonia,  1958;  A.B.  \n  History  Duke  University  1962: 
J.D.,  Duke  University  School  of  Law,  1969. 

ProfessionalBactiground 

Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Western  District,  1990-Present;  Attorney  Mullen,  Holland 
&  Cooper,  P.A.,  1969-90. 

Business/Pix>fessionaly  Charitable/Civic  or  Community  SeiTiice  Organizations 

N.C.  Bar  Association  (Board  of  Governors,  1980-83). 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Navy,  1962-66  (Lieutenant). 

Personal  Iji/brmation 

Married,  Judith  Marie  Graves  Mullen.  Two  children. 


886 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

Richard  Lesley  Voorhees 

Judge,  Western  District 

Early  Years 

,Born  m  Syracuse,  New  York,  on  June  5,  1941,  to  Henry  Austin  and  Catherine 
Adeline  Fait  Voorhees. 

EducaikmalBackgroimd 

;RJ.  Reynolds  High  School,  Winston-Salem,  1959;  A.B.  in  French,  Davidson  College, 
'l963;  J.D.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Law,  1968. 

ProfessionalBackground 

'Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Western  District,  1988-Present;  Attorney  (Sole  Practitioner, 
i  1980-88;  Firm  of  Garland  and  Alala,  1968-80;  Partner,  Garland  and  Alala,  1972- 
■  80);  Instructor,  Business  Law  and  Medical  Law  and  Ethics,  Gaston  College,  1980- 
82. 

Business/Professional,  Chxiritahle/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

Gaston  County  Bar  Association;  N.C.  State  Bar;  N.C.  Bar  Association. 

Military  Service 

;U.S.  Army  1963-65  (1st  Lieutenant);  Korea,  1963-64;  Reserves,  1969  (Captain). 

Personal  Information 

jMarried,  Barbara  Holway  Humphries  Voorhees.  Two  children.  Member,  First 
Presbyterian  Church,  Gastonia. 


887 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

LacyH.Thornburg 

Judge,  Western  District 

Early  Years 

Born  in  Charloue,  Mecklenburg  County,  on  December  20,  1939,  to  Jesse  L.  and 
Sara  Ann  Ziegler  Thornburg. 

EducationalBacI?grx)imd 

A.A.,  Mars  Hill  College,  1950;  B.A.,  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  1952;  J. D,,  UNC-Chapei 
Hill  School  of  Law,  1954. 

Prx)fessioiialBacligix)und 

Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Western  District,  1995-Present;  Superior  Court  Judge, 
30th  Judicial  District,  1967-83  and  1993-94;  Member,  Indian  Gaming  Commission, 
Department  ol  the  Interior,  1994-95. 

Political  Activities 

N.C.  Attorney  General,  1985-92;  Member,  N.C.  House  of  Representatives,  1961- 
66. 

Business/Pix)fessional,  ChaHtable/Civic  or  Community  Service  Organizations 

N.C.  Bar,  1954-Present.  I 

Military  Service 

U.S.  Army,  1947-48  (PFC).  | 

Per^sonallnformation 

Married,  Dorothy  Frances  Todd  Thornburg.  Four  children. 


88R 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT  CHAPTER      ELEVEN 

Robert  D.  Potter 

Senior  Judge,  Western  District 

1  Early  Years 

,  Born  m  Wilmington,  New  Hanover  County,  on  April  4,  1923,  to  Elisha  Lindsay 

and  Louise  McLean  Potter. 
i 
EducationalBackground 

I  New  Hanover  High  School,  1941;  A.B.  in  Chemistry,  Duke  University,  1947;  LL.B., 

[Duke  University,  1950. 

ProfessionalBackground 

'Judge,  U.S.  District  Court,  Western  District,  1981-Present  (Chief  Judge,  1984-91; 
i Senior  Judge,  1994-Present);  Attorney,  1951-81. 

Political  Activities 

Mecklenburg  County  Board  of  Commissioners,  1966-68. 

Business/Professional,  ChaHtable/Cii)ic  or  Corninunity  Service  Organizations 

Fourth  Circuit  Judicial  Conference. 

;  Military  Service 

■2nd  Lieutenant,  78th  Infantry  Division,  U.S.  Army,  European  Theater  of  Operations, 
'1945-47. 

'Personal  Information 

jMarried,  Catherine  Neilson  Potter.  Three  children.  Six  grandchildren.  Member,  St. 
iPatricks  Cathedral  (Roman  Catholic),  Charlotte. 


889 


J— ^."v^.»    yj-?^-yAX&--  ■<:  ■-<v^-^.:-j.-g^;>r~g>«T---^-t^Hcf^wais^>at>ary^-i^^ 


COUNTIES  AN 


Counties  and  Their  Governments 

In  pre-Revolutionaiy  North  Carolina,  the  county  was  the  primary  poHtical  and 
geographical  unit.  The  colony  relied  heavily  upon  the  county  for  the  administration 
[of  local  government.  Justices  of  the  peace,  as  a  body  or  court,  administered  the  affairs 
jof  the  county.  The  justices  were  usually  chosen  from  the  ranks  of  the  county's  wealthiest 
^leaders.  Independence  from  the  British  crovvni  brought  no  major  changes  in  this  system. 
'In  the  early  days  of  statehood,  the  governor  appointed  justices.  In  making  his 
'appointments,  however,  the  governor  often  reUed  on  recommendations  from  the 
iGeneral  Assembly.  Members  of  the  legislature  had  a  powerful  voice  in  the  selection  of 
'justices  of  the  peace  for  their  county,  a  voice  that  also  gave  legislators  a  good  deal  of 
[influence  m  the  government  at  the  county  level. 

Justices  of  the  peace  in  each  county  formed  a  Court  of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions. 
[Any  three  justices,  sitting  together,  constituted  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of 
business.  Justices  typically  met  each  January  to  select  a  chairman  and  five  of  their 
members  to  hold  regular  court  session  for  the  year.  During  then'  early  existence, 
Courts  of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions  appointed  county  sheriffs,  coroners  and 
/Constables.  These  offices  later  became  elective  positions  with  the  sheriff  and  coroner 
elected  from  the  county  at  large  and  constables  from  captains  militia  muster  districts, 
justices  of  the  peace  also  appointed  clerks  of  court,  registers  of  deeds,  county  attorneys, 
pounty  trustees  or  treasurer,  county  surveyors  and  wardens  of  the  poor. 

j  Courts  of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions  undertook  judicial,  as  well  as  administrative, 
functions.  The  administrative  duties  included  assessing  and  levying  taxes;  establishing 
tod  maintaining  roads,  bridges,  and  ferries;  granting  licenses  to  taverns  and  controlling 
ifood  prices;  and  erecting  and  controlling  mills.  Through  their  power  of  appointment, 
IJustices  supervised  the  work  of  law  enforcement  officers,  administrative  officers  of 
[the  court,  surveyors  and  the  wardens  of  the  poor.  Sheriffs  typically  collected  taxes.  In 
their  judicial  capacity.  Courts  of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions  heard  all  ci\il  cases  except 
j:hose  assigned  by  law  to  a  single  justice  or  to  a  higher  court.  Courts  of  Pleas  and 
Quarter  Sessions  adjudicated  probate,  dower  and  guardianship  cases  and  admmistered 
^states.  They  had  jurisdiction  in  criminal  cases  in  which  the  punishment  did  not 
xtend  to  life,  limb  or  member. 

The  county  itself  was  a  single  political  unit.  There  were  no  townships  and  Courts 
Df  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions,  through  their  appointive  and  administrative  powers, 
exerted  strong  control  over  county  affairs.  Voters  effectively  had  no  direct  control 
3ver  these  courts,  which  meant  they  had  no  direct  control  over  county  government. 
This  rather  undemocratic  arrangement  continued  until  the  end  of  the  Civil  War. 


ffHEIR  GOVERNMENTS 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

When  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina  was  rewritten  in  1868,  the  drafters, 
many  ot  whom  were  acquainted  with  local  government  systems  in  other  parts  ot  the 
country,  devised  a  new  and  more  democratic  plan  of  organization  lor  the  counties. 
The  position  of  justice  of  the  peace  was  retained,  but  their  powers  w^ere  substantially 
reduced  and  the  old  Courts  of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions  were  eliminated.  Judicial 
responsibilities  were  distributed  between  the  justices  and  the  North  Carolina  Superior 
Court,  while  the  administrative  powers  justices  had  once  exercised  were  assigned  to 
county  commissions  composed  ot  hve  members  elected  at  large  by  each  county's 
voters.  County  commissions  managed  public  buildings,  schools,  roads  and  bridges, 
and  all  county  hnancial  affairs,  including  taxation  and  collection.  The  wide  appointive 
powers  of  the  Courts  of  Pleas  and  Quarter  Sessions  were  not  transferred  to  the  county 
commissions.  Voters  m  each  county  now  elected  the  sheriff,  coroner,  clerk  ot  court, 
register  of  deeds,  sur\'eyor  and  treasurer.  Sheriffs  continued  to  serve  as  tax  collector. 

Each  county  was  divided  into  townships,  a  distinct  innovation  m  North  Carolina, 
and  the  voters  ot  each  township  elected  two  justices  ot  the  peace  and  a  clerk  who 
served  as  the  governing  body  of  the  township.  The  township  board,  under  the  direct 
supervision  of  its  county  commission,  managed  road  and  bridge  construction, 
maintenance  and  repair.  The  township  boards  also  conducted  property  assessments 
for  taxation  purposes.  Each  township  had  a  constable  and  a  school  committee. 

The  post-war  changes  in  county  government  were  designed  initially  to  favor  the, 
Republican  Party.  The  party's  base  in  North  Carolina  consisted  at  first  of  newly- 
enfranchised  blacks  who  had  been  slaves  ]ust  three  years  before,  as  well  as  of  poorer 
whites  who  had  opposed  secession  and  remained  loyal  to  the  Union  throughout  the 
Civil  War.  Ending  the  ability  of  justices  of  the  peace  to  dominate  county  governments' 
was  meant  to  destroy  forever  the  political  power  of  the  landowners,  professional 
people  and  merchants  who  had  dominated  state  government  betore  the  war  and,  in; 
many  cases,  had  led  the  secession  movement.  Most  of  the  former  ruling  class  had 
been  disenfranchised  by  the  Fourteenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution  ot  the  United 
States  because  they  had  "engaged  m  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  United 
States,  or  given  aid  or  comfort  to  the  enemies  thereot^'  by  actively  supporting  thei 
Confederacy.  These  elites  formed  a  new  political  party  called  the  Conservative  Partyi 
devoted  to  restoring  as  much  ot  the  pre-war  social  and  governmental  system  as  wasj 
possible  under  the  circumstances.  One  of  their  primary  targets  was  the  new  system' 

of  county  government  contained  in  the  Constitution  ot  1868. 

i 
Seven  years  after  the  signing  ot  the  Constitution  of  1868  established  county 

commissions  and  townships,  political  control  of  state  government  shifted  back  to  thej 

antebellum  ruling  class.  They  wasted  little  time  m  re-arranging  the  system  of  countr)| 

government  to  retain  that  control  permanently.  A  constitutional  convention  in  187^, 

amended  the  Constitution  of  North  Carolina  to  allow  the  General  Assembly  tci 

modify  the  plan  of  county  government  established  in  1868.  I 


892 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

ij  The  legislature  was  quick  to  exercise  its  newly-won  authority.  County 
commissions  were  not  abolished  outright,  but  their  members  would  now  be  selected 
fjby  each  county's  justices  of  the  peace  rather  than  by  vote  of  the  people.  And,  while 
Icounty  commissions  retained  most  of  the  administrative  responsibilities  entrusted 
to  them  in  the  1868  constitution,  their  decisions  on  matters  of  substance  required 
lapproval  of  the  majority  of  county  justices,  all  of  whom  were  elected  by  the  legislature, 
jjustices  of  the  peace  administered  all  elections.  In  many  counties,  the  board  of 
'commissioners  was  appointed  by  the  state  legislative. 

This  troubling  arrangement  lasted  for  twenty  years.  The  right  of  the  people  to 
relect  county  commissioners  was  restored  m  most  counties  m  1895.  At  the  same  time, 
the  requirement  that  county  commissions  gain  the  approval  of  a  majority  of  the 
jcounty's  justices  of  the  peace  before  their  administrative  decisions  could  be 
implemented  was  repealed.  Townships  were  stripped  of  their  powers,  but  they  were 
retained  as  convenient  administrative  subdivisions,  primarily  for  road  building  and 
Imaintenance  purposes.  Finally,  in  1905  the  people  of  all  100  counties  in  North 
iCarolina  regained  direct  control  of  their  respective  county  commissions  through  the 
ballot  box. 

'  Counties  remain  a  fundamental  unit  of  local  government  in  North  Carolina  to 
jthis  day  They  are  not,  however,  completely  independent  entities.  Nearly  50  years 
ago,  a  majority  of  the  North  Carolina  Supreme  Court  had  this  to  say  about  the 
'relationship  between  counties  and  state  government: 

In  the  exercise  of  ordinary  government  functions,  [counties]  are  simply  agencies 

I       of  the  State,  constitutedjor  the  convenience  of  local  administration  in  certain  portions 

of  the  State's  teriitoiy,  and  in  the  exercise  of  such  functions  they  are  subject  to 

almost  unlimited  legislative  control,  except  when  the  power  is  restricted  by 

constitutional  provisions. 

This  statement  still  adequately  sums  up  the  balance  of  power  between  counties 
.md  the  state  m  North  Carolina.  If  the  General  Assembly  decides  to  assign  counties 
•any  given  power  or  responsibility  and  the  state  constitution  does  not  specifically 
prohibit  it,  county  administrations  must  accept  the  legislatures  decisions.  The  role 
jounties  play  in  administering  policies  set  by  the  General  Assembly,  however,  shifts 
almost  constantly  as  successive  generations  of  legislators  adopt  different  policies  and 
implementation  strategies. 

Financial  emergency  and  stress  have  often  led  state  legislators  to  re-examine  of 
me  allocation  of  governmental  responsibiUties  between  state  and  local  governments. 
jUntil  Governor  Angus  W  McLean's  administration  (1925-1929),  the  state  allowed 
■  pounties,  cities  and  other  local  units  almost  unlimited  freedom  to  borrow  money  and 
Kssue  bonds  for  various  local  purposes.  Many  counties,  their  commissions 
ansophisticated  in  matters  of  governmental  finance,  issued  too  much  debt  and  saw 
|:heir  credit  ratings  drop  to  the  point  where  they  had  to  pay  crippling  rates  of  interest. 


893 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Some  ccumiics  c\cn  laced  bankruplcy  because  of  iheir  fiscal  imprudence.  Based  on 
this  experience  and  recognizing  a  statewide  concern  with  excessive  local  debt,  the 
legislature  in  K)27  established  the  County  Government  Advisory  Commission,  giving 
it  the  statutor)'  authority  necessary  to  correct  the  situation.  This  commission  worked 
hard  to  reform  local  government  hnancmg  throughout  the  state  and  its  successor,  the 
Local  Government  Commission,  remains  one  ol  the  bulwarks  of  North  Carolina 
government  today 

Experience  with  various  local  arrangements  tor  road  building  and  maintenance 
had  a  comparable  effect  on  state  policy  It  is  not  accidental  that  North  Carolina  counties 
are  no  longer  responsible  k^r  this  work.  Reflecting  the  concern  ot  the  people  ot  the 
state,  the  General  Assembly  recognized  that  the  states  future  economic  interests 
dictated  a  coordinated  transportation  planning  and  construction  effort  on  a  scale  far 
greater  than  any  single  county  could  undertake  on  its  own.  The  legislators  dehned 
state  policy  on  roads  accordingly  and  the  impetus  ior  transportation  planning  and 
construction  passed  to  the  state. 

Comparable  re-definitions  of  the  proper  balance  of  responsibilities  between  state 
and  county  governments  have  become  commonplace  in  the  latter  part  of  the  20th 
century.  Responsibility  tor  operating  schools,  conducting  elections,  housing  the  states 
system  of  lower  courts  and  their  records,  maintaining  property  ownership  and 
mortgage  records,  enforcing  much  ot  the  states  criminal  law,  administering  public 
health  and  public  weltare  programs,  and  carrying  on  state  programs  designed  to 
promote  the  development  of  agriculture  has  shifted,  m  large  measure,  between  the 
county  and  the  state  level  tor  much  ot  this  century  Some  ot  tliese  functions  are  the 
responsibility  of  county  commissions,  others  are  assigned  to  other  county  government 
boards  that  have  x-arymg  relationships  with  their  respective  county  commission.  It 
appears  clear,  however,  that  North  Carolina  will  continue  to  depend  on  its  county 
governments  to  carry  out  a  large  number  of  essential  governmental  operations  tor 
the  foreseeable  tuture. 

Each  count)'  in  the  state  has  a  county  commission,  but  no  two  commissions  are 
exactly  alike.  North  Carolina's  county  commissions  display  a  sometimes  bewildering 
diversity  in  size,  term  of  ofhce,  method  of  election,  method  of  selecting  the  chairman 
and  administrative  structure.  These  variations  usually  bear  no  correlation  to  county 
population  or  any  other  objective  criteria.  Eifty  counties  have  commissions  elected 
at-large,  while  anotlier  31  require  commissioners  to  meet  district  residency 
requirements,  but  run  for  election  at  large  throughout  the  entire  county  Three  counties 
actually  require  nomination  b)'  district  residency  while  conducting  county  commission 
races  at-large.  A  growing  number  of  counties  have  either  a  combination  of  at-large 
and  district  elected  seats  U 1)  or  solely  district-elected  seats  (5).  In  nearly  all  counties, 
the  commission  chair  is  chosen  by  commissioners  themselves.  In  Jackson  County, 
however,  the  chairman  is  elected  separately  by  the  voters.  A  referendum  held  in 


894 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

November,  1988,  in  Haywood  County  ended  that  county's  elected  chairmanship 
position  as  of  November,  1990. 

All  county  commissions  are  elected  by  vote  of  the  people  in  partisan  elections 
held  in  November  of  even-numbered  years,  the  same  time  as  elections  for  members 
of  the  General  Assembly  and  other  state  officers.  Not  every  county  elects  all  members 
of  its  commission  every  two  years.  Due  to  staggered  four-year  terms,  two-year  terms 
and  straight  four-year  terms,  about  half  of  the  states  county  commissioners  are  elected 
at  each  general  election.  Newly-elected  commissioners  take  office  on  the  first  Monday 
in  December  following  their  election.  Candidates  for  county  commissioner  do  not 
have  to  campaign  as  members  of  a  poUtical  party  in  order  to  run  for  office,  but  this  is 
almost  invariably  the  practice.  After  the  1988  elections,  364  of  the  521  county 
commissioners  were  Democrats  and  157  were  RepubUcans.  This  resulted  in  68  of 
the  100  county  commissions  being  Democrat-controlled  while  32  were  Republican- 
controlled. 

Vacancies  on  county  commissions  are  filled  by  appointment  of  the  remaining 
members.  A  person  appointed  to  fill  a  vacancy  must  be  a  member  of  the  same  political 
party  as  the  person  he  or  she  replaces  if  the  former  commissioner  was  elected  as  the 
nominee  of  a  pohtical  party.  The  county  executive  committee  of  the  party  in  question 
has  the  right  to  be  consulted  before  the  appointment  is  made,  although  the  commission 
is  not  required  by  law  to  follow  any  advice  the  committee  may  give.  If  the  vacancy 
occurs  m  a  two-year  term  or  in  the  last  two  years  of  a  four-year  term,  the  appointment 
is  for  the  remainder  of  the  unexpired  term.  If  the  vacancy  occurs  in  the  first  two  years 
of  a  four-year  term,  the  appointment  runs  only  until  the  next  general  election,  when 
an  election  is  held  to  fill  the  office  for  the  remainder  of  the  unexpired  term. 

Occasionally,  a  county  commission  finds  itself  deadlocked  and  unable  to  fill  a 
vacancy.  Since  nearly  all  of  the  county  commissions  have  an  odd  number  of  members, 
one  vacancy  can  leave  the  remaining  commissioners  equally  divided  between  two 
candidates,  so  that  neither  candidate  can  receive  a  majority  vote.  Recognizing  this 
problem,  state  law  provides  that  when  a  county  commission  fails  to  fill  a  vacancy  in 
its  membership  within  60  days,  the  clerk  to  the  commission  must  report  the  vacancy 
to  the  clerk  of  superior  court,  who  must  then  fill  the  vacancy  within  10  days  after  the 
vacancy  is  reported. 

State  law  also  provides  for  another  contingency  that  has  not  yet  occurred  among 
North  Carolina  county  commissions.  If  the  number  of  vacancies  on  a  commission 
leaves  it  without  a  quorum,  the  chair  must  appoint  enough  members  to  make  up  a 
quorum  and  the  commission  then  proceeds  to  fill  the  vacancies.  If  the  office  of  the 
chair  is  one  of  those  vacancies,  the  clerk  of  superior  court  may  act  in  the  chairs  place 
upon  the  petition  of  any  remaining  member  of  the  commission  or  any  five  registered 
voters  of  the  county.  Each  appointee  must  be  a  member  of  the  same  political  party  as 
the  person  he  or  she  is  to  replace  and  that  party's  county  executive  committee  must 
be  consulted. 

895 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

II  a  ncwiv-clcclccl  ciimmissioner,  due  lo  illness  or  some  other  reason,  is  unable 
10  lake  I  he  oaih  o^  olliee  in  ihe  December  following  his  or  her  election,  the  oath 
may  be  administered  al  a  later  time.  The  state  constitution,  however,  requires  public 
officers  to  continue  in  olhce  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  ha\'e  qualihed  by 
taking  the  oath  of  office.  A  member  of  a  county  commission  who  is  defeated  for 
election  or  chooses  not  to  seek  re-election  must  continue  m  olhce  until  a  successor 
lakes  ihe  oMh  of  office. 

In  all  counties,  the  commission  itself  must  choose  a  vice-chair  to  act  in  the 
absence  or  disability  oi  the  chair.  Except  m  the  nine  counties  mentioned,  each 
commission  designates  its  chairman  al  its  first  regular  meeting  m  December  tor  a 
term  o(  one  year.  The  method  of  selection  varies  according  to  local  custom.  In  most 
counties,  the  chair  serves  as  long  as  he  or  she  is  re-elected  and  reiams  the  conhdence 
of  his  colleagues.  In  others,  the  commissioner  who  garnered  the  highest  vote  in  the 
general  election  is  usually  designated  the  chair.  In  still  others,  the  chairmanship  rotates 
among  the  members. 

The  commission  chair  presides  at  all  meetings.  By  law,  chairs  must  vote  on  all 
questions  pending  before  a  commission  unless  they  are  excused  by  a  standing  rule  of 
the  board  or  by  consent  of  the  remaining  members.  Chairs  may  not,  however,  vote  lo 
break  a  tie  \'ote  m  which  they  participated.  Chairs  are  generally  recognized  by  law  as 
the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  county  and  may  acquire  considerable  prestige  and 
influence  by  \'irtue  of  their  position.  While  chairs  have  no  more  legal  power  than  | 
other  members  of  a  commission,  they  do  ha\'e  special  authority  to  declare  states  of  1 
emergency  under  state  laws  governing  riots  and  civil  disorders.  They  also  have  the  1 
statutory  authority  to  call  special  meetings  of  the  commission  on  their  own  initiative,  j 

\ 
Commissions  are  required  by  state  law  to  hold  at  least  one  meeting  each  month,  \i 

although  they  may  meet  as  frequently  as  they  deem  necessary  Many  county  1 

commissions  m  North  Carolina  now  hold  two  regular  meetings  each  month.  | 

Commissions  may  select  any  day  of  the  month  and  any  public  place  wiihm  the  county  | 

for  their  regular  meetings.  In  the  absence  of  a  formal  resolution  ol  the  commission  ji 

selecting  some  other  time  and  place,  however,  state  law  requires  county  commissions  ' 

to  meet  on  the  first  Mondav  of  each  month  at  the  local  counlv  courthouse.  State  law 

has  never  specified  a  time  of  day  for  regularly-scheduled  county  commission  meetings; 

however,  many  commissions  currently  meet  at  10  a.m.  In  recent  years,  some 

commissions  have  begun  to  hold  some  ol  their  regular  meetings  m  the  evening  to 

allow  greater  public  attendance. 

Special  commission  meetings  may  be  called  by  the  chair  or  by  a  majority  ol  the 
other  commissioners.  Slate  law  provides  specific  rules  for  calling  special  meetings.  A  ' 
special  meeting  must  be  called  by  written  notice  slating  the  time  and  place  ol  the 
meeting    and  the  subjects  lo  be  considered.  The  notice  must  be  posted  on  the 


896 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

courthouse  bulletin  board  and  delivered  to  each  member  of  the  commission  at  least 
48  hours  before  the  meeting.  Unless  all  members  attend  or  sign  a  written  waiver, 
only  business  related  to  the  subjects  stated  m  the  notice  may  be  transacted  at  a 
special  meeting.  The  usual  rules  do  not  apply  to  special  meetings  called  to  deal 
with  an  emergency,  which  is  not  defined  by  state  law.  Even  when  calling  a  session 
for  an  emergency,  however,  the  persons  who  call  the  meeting  must  take  "reasonable 
action  to  inform  the  other  members  and  the  public  of  the  meeting." 

County  commissions  are  subject  to  the  Open  Meetings  Statute  of  1971.  This 
law  forbids  most  public  bodies,  both  state  and  local,  to  hold  meetings  that  are  not 
open  to  the  public.  The  General  Assembly  has  revised  the  law  during  the  last  decade 
to  simplify  its  language  and  remove  many  exceptions  to  the  general  rule  that  public 
bodies  must  meet  in  open  session.  In  general,  the  law  prohibits  a  majority  of  the 
members  of  a  county  commissioners  from  gathering  together  in  closed  or  secret  session 
for  a  purpose  of  "conducting  hearings,  participating  in  deliberations  or  voting  upon 
or  otherwise  transacting  public  business,"  except  when  the  subject  of  discussion  falls 
within  one  of  the  exceptions  set  out  in  the  statute.  The  exceptions  are: 

Acquisition,  lease  or  sale  of  property. 

Negotiations  with  county  employees  or  their  representatives  or 
independent  contractors  as  to  the  terms  or  conditions  of  employment. 

Matters  concerning  hospital  rnanagenient,operationand  discipline. 

Any  matter  felling  under  physician-patient  or  lawyer-client  privilege. 

Conferences  with  legal  counsel  and  other  deliberations  concerning  court 
actions  or  proceedings. 

Matters  relatingto  the  location  or  expansion  of  industries  or  other 
businesses. 

Matters  relating  to  contingency  plans  for  riots,  civil  disorders  or  other 
emergencies  involving  crirninalrnisconduct 

The  law  leaves  most  procedural  matters  to  the  discretion  of  the  commission,  but 
it  does  set  out  a  few  rules  that  must  be  followed.  The  commission  may  take  no  action 
unless  a  quorum  is  present  and  the  law  defines  a  quorum  as  a  majority  of  the  full 
membership  of  the  commission  without  regard  to  vacancies.  For  example,  a  quorum 
;  of  a  five-member  board  is  always  three  members,  even  though  there  may  be  two 
vacancies.  Once  a  quorum  is  present  at  a  meeting,  a  member  cannot  destroy  the 
quorum  by  leaving  the  room  without  the  consent  of  the  remaining  members.  The 
law  provides  that  if  a  member  withdraws  from  the  meeting  room  without  being  excused 
by  a  majority  of  the  members  remaining,  he  or  she  is  counted  as  present  for  quorum 
purposes.  The  board  also  has  the  legal  power  to  command  the  sheriff  to  take  absent 
members  into  custody  and  bring  them  to  the  meeting  place.  Such  action,  however, 
can  be  taken  only  when  a  quorum  is  already  present.  State  law  requires  all  members 


897 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

to  \'ote  on  each  question  that  comes  before  the  commission  unless  they  are  excused 
by  their  colleagues.  Excuses  are  permitted  only  when  the  matter  before  the 
commission  concerns  the  hnancial  interest  or  oHicial  conduct  ot  the  member 
requesting  the  excuse.  Although  this  duty  is  clearly  present  m  the  law,  there  are  no 
enforcement  provisions  lor  it. 

Commissions  are  required  to  make  certain  that  the  clerk  to  the  conimission 
keeps  lull  and  accurate  minutes  of  its  proceedings.  The  minute  book  must  be  open 
to  public  inspection  and  the  results  of  each  vote  taken  by  the  commission  must  be  , 
recorded  in  it.  Each  member  has  the  right  to  demand  a  roll-call  vote  on  any  c[uestion 
put  to  the  commission  and  when  such  a  demand  is  made,  the  names  of  those  voting 
on  each  side  ot  the  question  must  be  recorded.  I 

Commissions  have  the  power  to  adopt  their  own  written  rules  of  procedure.  The  j 
only  legal  restraint  on  these  rules  is  that  they  must  be  "in  the  spirit  of  generally  j 
accepted  principles  of  parliamentary  procedure."  Except  for  the  few  special  powers  | 
held  bv  the  commission  chair,  the  legal  powers  and  duties  of  countv  commissioners  i 
are  vested  m  the  commission  acting  as  a  body.  An  individual  commissioner  has  no  j 
power  of  his  or  her  own.  When  meeting  with  fellow  commissioners  m  a  validly-  | 
called  and  held  meeting,  however,  a  majority  of  the  commission  has  and  may  exercise 
control  ol  those  tunctions  ot  county  government  entrusted  to  the  care  of  the  county  | 
commissioners.  Commissions  take  formal  action  m  one  of  three  ways  —  through 
orders,  resolutions  and  ordinances.  Although  these  terms  are  otten  used 
interchangeably,  their  dehnitions  may  be  useful  to  illustrate  how  a  commission  acts. 

Orders  usually  direct  a  county  administrative  ofhcer  to  take  or  refrain  from  taking 
a  specified  action.  For  example,  a  commission  may  enter  an  order  directing  the  county  ' 
manager  to  advertise  for  bids  for  a  new  ofhce  building.  An  order  may  also  formally  [i 
declare  the  existence  ot  a  given  state  of  fact,  such  as  an  order  declaring  the  results  of 
a  bond  election.  Finally,  an  order  may  sometimes  be  used  to  decide  a  question  betore 
commission,  such  as  an  order  awarding  a  construction  contract  to  the  lowest 
responsible  bidder. 

Resolutions  usually  express  the  consensus  of  a  commission  on  a  question  before 
it.  For  example,  a  commission  may  adopt  a  resolution  requesting  the  county's  legislatne 
delegation  to  introduce  a  local  bill  or  it  may  resolve  to  petition  the  N.C.  Department 
of  Transportation  to  pave  a  rural  road. 

An  ordinance  is  a  tormal  legislative  action  of  the  commission.  An  ordinance  is 
the  county-level  equix'alent  of  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly.  Commissions  adopt 
ordinances  governing  such  varied  matters  as  zoning,  subdivision  control,  stray 
dogs  and  cats,  use  of  county  parking  lots,  street  numbers  on  rural  roads,  use  of  the  ' 
county  landhll  and  other  legislative  matters.  ! 


898 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

State  law  does  not  regulate  the  manner  in  which  orders  and  resolutions  are 
adopted  by  county  commissions,  beyond  the  minimum  requirements  of  a  valid 
meeting  at  which  a  quorum  is  present.  There  are,  however,  several  laws  governing 
the  adoption  of  ordinances.  An  ordinance  may  be  adopted  at  the  meeting  in  which 
it  is  introduced  only  if  it  receives  a  unanimous  affirmative  vote,  all  members  of  the 
commission  present  and  voting.  If  it  passes  with  a  less-than-unanimous  vote,  it 
may  be  finally  passed  by  a  majority  vote  at  any  time  within  100  days  after  its 
introduction.  This  rule  does  not  apply  to  budget  ordinances,  which  may  be  passed 
at  any  meeting  at  which  quorum  is  present,  or  to  bond  ordinances,  which  always 
require  a  public  hearing  before  passage  and,  in  most  cases,  approval  by  the  voters 
as  well.  The  law  also  doesn't  apply  to  any  ordinance,  such  as  a  zoning  ordinance, 
that   state  law  requires  a  public  hearing  on  before  adoption. 

Once  an  ordinance  is  adopted,  it  must  be  filed  in  an  ordinance  book  that  is 
separate  from  the  minute  book.  The  ordinance  book  must  be  indexed  and  made 
available  for  public  inspection.  The  budget  ordinance,  bond  ordinances  and  ordinances 
of  "limited  interest  or  transitory  nature"  may  be  omitted  from  the  ordinance  book, 
but  the  book  must  contain  a  section  showing  the  caption  of  each  omitted  ordinance 
and  the  page  in  the  minute  book  m  which  it  appears.  County  commissions  have  the 
statutory  authority  to  adopt  and  issue  entire  codes  of  ordinances. 

In  the  course  of  a  normal  year,  a  county  commission  in  North  Carolina  will  hold 
several  public  hearings.  Some  hearings,  such  as  those  held  for  the  county  budget  or 
bonds  or  zoning  ordinances,  are  required  by  state  law.  Some  commissions  hold  pubUc 
hearings  on  their  own  initiative  to  give  interested  citizens  an  opportunity  to  make 
their  \iews  known  to  the  commission  on  controversial  issues  such  as  animal  control 
ordinances.  Laws  requiring  public  hearings  do  not  set  out  how  the  hearing  must  be 
conducted;  they  only  require  that  one  be  held.  The  law  does,  however,  allow  a 
commission  to  adopt  reasonable  rules  governing  the  conduct  of  pubUc  hearings. 
These  rules  may  regulate  such  matters  as  the  time  allotted  to  each  speaker,  designating 
spokesmen  for  groups,  selecting  delegates  from  groups  when  the  hearing  room  is  too 
■  small  to  hold  everyone  who  wants  to  attend  and  maintaining  order  and  decorum. 

I  State  law  dictates  many,  if  not  most,  features  of  county  government  organization. 
I  Sheriffs  and  registers  of  deeds  are  elected  by  vote  of  the  people.  Each  county  has  a 
;  board  of  education,  a  board  of  health,  a  board  of  social  services  and  a  board  of  elections. 
Many  North  Carolina  counties  now  have  a  board  of  alcohoUc  beverage  control. 
Commissioners  direcdy  appoint  their  county's  tax  supervisor,  tax  collector,  county 
attorney,  county  manager  and  clerk  to  the  county  commission.  Every  county  has  a 
number  of  county  departments,  agencies  and  offices  that  the  county  commission 


899 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

adminisicrs  withoul  slate  micrvcniion.  Commissions  have  ihe  auihoriLy  to  organize 
iheir  counU's  go\'ernmeni  m  any  way  they  see  fit. 

Except  two  ccumties  in  which  the  commission  chair  is  a  full-time  administrative 
officer,  each  count)'  commission  m  North  Carolina  has  the  discretionary  authority 
10  adoj")l  the  count)-  manager  torm  ol  government  by  appointing  a  manager.  The 
commission  must  have  a  clerk,  who  is  responsible  tor  keeping  the  minute  book  and 
the  ordinance  book.  The  clerk  also  has  a  wide  variety  of  miscellaneous  duties,  all 
directly  related  to  ofiicial  actions  ol  the  commission.  In  the  past,  registers  of  deeds 
usually  doubled  as  clerk  to  the  county  commission,  but  this  custom  is  quickly  fading. 
A  few  commissions  now  have  a  clerk  solely  dedicated  to  providing  administrative 
staff  support  to  the  commission.  Most  commissions,  however,  have  designated  some 
county  official  or  employee  such  as  the  manager  or  finance  officer  to  act  as  clerk. 
Clerks  are  appointed  directly  b)'  commissions  and  serve  at  their  pleasure. 

County  commissions  must  appoint  a  county  attorney,  who  serves  as  the 
commissions  legal  adviser.  The  county  attorneys  duties  vary  from  county  to  county 
as  does  the  amount  and  method  of  their  compensation.  A  tew  counties  have  established 
a  tull-time  position  of  county  attorney  In  those  counties,  the  county  attorney  may 
provide  legal  services  to  nearly  all  county  agencies  except  the  board  of  education, 
which  always  employs  its  own  attorney  The  county  attorney  is  not  appointed  to  a 
definite  term,  instead  serving  at  the  pleasure  of  the  county  commission. 


900 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Alamance 

124  W.  Elm  St.,  Graham,  27253  www.alamance-nacom 

I  county  seat:  Graham  formed:  1849 

\  clerk  of  court:  (336)  438-1002  population:  136,144 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Hugh  Webster,  republican  24th-Caswell 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

;  Ahce  L.  Bordsen,  democrat  63rd-Rockingham 

'  Gary  D.  Alhed,  republican  64th-Alamance 


[  Alamance  Gounty  gets  its  name  from  Alamance  Greek  on  the  banks  of  which  was 
'  fought  the  battle  between  the  Golonial  troops  under  Governor  Tryon  and  the 
[Regulators  on  May  17,  1771. 

I 

Alexander 

255  Liledoun  Rd.,  Taylorsville,  28681  www.cx).alexanderjic.us 

I 

^county  seat:  Taylorsville  formed:  1847 

\clerk  of  court:  (828)  632-2215  population:  34,532 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Virginia  Foxx,  republican  45th-Watauga 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

'  Mark  K.  Hikon,  republican  88th-Gatawba 

Alexander  Gounty  was  named  in  honor  of  William  J.  Alexander  of  Mecklenburg 
Gounty,  several  times  a  member  of  the  Legislature  and  speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons. 


901 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Alleghany 

P.O.  Box  366,  Spaii;a,  28675  www.sparta-ncconi 

ioiinly  seal:  Sparia  formed:  1859 

clerk  of  i on n:  (336)  372-8949  popuJcUion:  10,874 

Noitli  Caix)liiia  Senate 

John  A.  Garwood,  rcpuhlican  30th-Wilkes 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

James  A.  Harrell,  111,  dcmocral  90th-Yadkin 

Alleghany  County  was  named  for  a  Native  American  Indian  tribe.  The  name  is 
deri\'ed  from  the  Delaware  tribes  name  for  the  AUeghaii)'  and  Ohio  Rix-ers  and  is 
said  to  ha\'e  meant  "a  hne  stream." 

Anson 

Courthouse,  1 14  N.  Greene  St.,  Wadesboro,  281 70         www.coAnsorLnc.us 

iouniv  sciii:  Wadesboro  formed:  1750 

clerk  of  court:  (704)  694-2314  population:  25,000 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

William  R.  Purcell,  democrat  25th-Scotland 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

PiTor  A.  Gibson,  III,  democrat  69th-MontTOmery 

Anson  County  was  named  m  honor  of  George,  Lord  Anson,  a  celebrated  English 
admiral  who  circumnavigated  the  globe. 

Ashe 

1 50  Government  Circle,  Jefferson,  28640  www.ashechamber.coni 

couiUv  sccif;  Jefferson  formed:  1799 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  246-5641  populatwn:  24,384 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

Virginia  Foxx,  republican  45th-Watauga 


902 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

William  C.  McGee,  republican  93rd-Forsyth 

Ashe  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Samuel  Ashe,  a  Revolutionary  patriot,  superior 
court  judge  and  Governor  of  the  state. 

Avery 

Administration  Bldg.,  P.O.  Box  640,  Newland,  28657       www.banner-elk.com 

county  seat:  Newland  formed:  1911 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  733-2900  population:  17,147 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Joe  Sam  Queen,  democrat  47th-Haywood 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Phillip  D.  Frye,  republican  84th-Mitchell 

iAvery  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Colonel  Waightstill  Avery  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution  and  Attorney  General  of  North  Carolina. 

Beaufort 

1 2 1 W.  3rd  St.,  Washington,  2  7889  www.co.beaufortncus/ 

county  seat:  Washington  formed:  1712 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  946-5184  population:  42,283 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Marc  Basnight,  democrat  Ist-Dare 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

[Arthur  ].  Williams,  denwcrat  6th-Beaufort 

I 

! 

Beaufort  County  is  named  in  honor  of  Henry  Somerset,  Duke  of  Beaufort,  who,  m 
1709,  became  one  of  the  Lords  Proprietor. 


903 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Bertie 

P.O.  Box  530  Windsor,  27983  www.co.bertie  Jicus 

aninly  scat:  Windsor  formed:  1722 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  794-3039  population:  19,773 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

Robert  Holloman,  democrat  4th-Hertford 

Noith  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Howard  J.  Hunicr,  Jr.,  democrat  5th-Northampton 

Bertie  County  was  named  m  honor  of  James  Bertie,  Lord  Proprietor. 

Bladen 

Courthouse,  Elizabethtown,  28337  w^wwaicse.org'bladenJitml 

county  seat:  Elizahelhiown  forn]ed:  1734 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  862-2143  population:  32,278 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Tony  Rand,  democrat  19th-Cumberland 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Edd  Nye,  democrat  22nd-Bladen 

Bladen  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Martin  Bladen,  one  of  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Trade  and  Plantations,  which  had  charge  ot  colonial  atfairs. 

Brunswick 

Government  Ctr.,  Box  249,  Bolivia,  28422        www.bi\inscojietAvelcomeJitm 

countv  scaf;  Bolivia  formed:  1764 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  253-8502  populatum:  73,143 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

R.  C.  Soles,  Jr.,  democrat  8th-Columbus 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Bonner  L.  Stiller,  republican  17th-New  Hanover 

Dewey  L.  Hill,  democrat  20th-Columbus 

Brunswick  County  was  named  m  honor  of  the  town  of  Brunswick,  which  in  turn 
was  named  for  King  George  1,  Duke  of  Brunswick  and  Lunenburg. 


904 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Buncombe 

Courthouse,  Asheville,  28801  www.buncombecounty.org 

county  scat:  Asheville  formed:  1791 

c/er/?  of  courf:  (828)  255-4702  population:  206,330 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Tom  Apodaca,  republican  48th-Henderson 

Stephen  M.  Metcalf,  democrat  49th-Buncombe 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Martin  L.  Nesbitt,  Jr.,  democrat  114th-Buncombe 

D.  Bruce  Goforth,  democrat  115th-Buncombe 

Wilma  M.  Sherrill,  republican  116th-Buncombe 

Buncombe  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Colonel  Edward  Buncombe,  a 
Revolutionary  soldier  who  was  wounded  and  captured  at  the  battle  of  Germantown, 
October  4,  1777,  and,  in  May  of  1778,  died  a  paroled  prisoner  in  Philadelphia. 

Burke 

P.O.  Box  219, 200  Avery  Ave.,  Morganton,  28680-0219    www.co.burkejic.us 

county  seat:  Morganton  jormed:  1777 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  432-2806  population:  88,790 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Austin  M.  Allran,  republican  44th-Catawba 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Mitch  Gillespie,  republican  85th-McDowell 

Walter  G.  Church,  Sr.,  democrat  86th-Burke 

Burke  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Dr.  Thomas  Burke,  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Congress  and  Governor  of  North  Carolina  from  1781-1782. 


905 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 

Cabarrus  ' 

Govt.  Center,  Box  707,  Concord,  28025  www.co.cabarrusjic.us 

Lc)i(/i/v  scut:  Concord  jormal:  1792 

clok  oj  LOiirl:  (704)  786-4137  population:  131,063 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

Fleicher  L.  Hariscll,  Jr.,  ycpublicau  36th-Cabarrus 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Linda  P.  Johnson,  rcpuhhcan  74th-Cabarrus 

Jeffrey  L.  Barnhari,  rcpuhhcan  75tli-Cabarrus 

Cabarrus  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Stephen  Cabarrus  of  Edenton,  several 
times  a  meml^er  of  the  legislature  and  lour  times  Speaker  ol  the  House  ol  Commons. 

Caldwell 

905  West  Avenue,  NW,  P.O.  Box  2200,  Lenoir,  28645  www.co.caldwelLncus 

county  scat:  Lenoir  jovmcd:  1841 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  757-1375  populatwn:  78,000 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Austin  M.  Allran,  republican  44th-Watauga 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Phillip  D.  Frye,  republican  84th-Mitchell 

Edgar  V.  Starnes,  republican  87th-Cald\vell 

Caldwell  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Joseph  Caldwell,  the  first  president  of  the 
University  oi  North  Carolina.  He  strongly  advocated  a  public  school  system  and  a 
railroad  which  would  run  across  the  center  of  the  state  from  Morehead  City  to 
Tennessee. 

Camden 

Courthouse,  1 17  N.  343,  Camden,  27921  www.ecamden.cc 

county  seat:  Camden  joiined:  1777 

clerh  of  court:  (252)  331-4871  population:  7,200 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Marc  Basmght,  ikinocrat  Ist-Dare 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

William  C.  Owens,  Jr.,  democrat  Ist-Pasquotank 

Camden  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Charles  Pratt,  Earl  of  Camden,  British 
jurist  and  Member  of  Parliament.  Camden  opposed  taxation  of  the  American 
colonies. 

906 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS         CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Carteret 

Courthouse  Square,  Beaufort,  28516  www.co.carteretncus 

county  scat:  Beaufort  formed:  1722 

dcrk  of  court:  (252)  728-8500  population:  59,057 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Scott  Thomas,  democrat  3rd-Craven 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Jean  Rouse  Preston,  republican  13th-Carteret 

Carteret  County  is  named  in  honor  of  Sir  John  Carteret,  Earl  of  Granville,  and  one 
of  the  Lords  Proprietor. 

Caswell 

Courthouse,  YanceyviUe,  27379  www.caswellnc.com 

counfy  seat:  Yanceyville  formed:  1771 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  694-4171  population:  20,693 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Hugh  Webster,  republican  24th-Caswell 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Bill  Faison,  democrat  50th-Orange 

Caswell  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Richard  Caswell,  member  of  the  hrst 
Continental  Congress,  hrst  Governor  of  North  Carolina  after  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  and  Major  General  in  the  Revolutionary  Army 


907 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Catawba 

P.O.  Box  389,  Newi:on,  28658  www.cocatawbajic.us 

iountv  scat:  Newion  /o/'mcti:1842 

dcrk  of  court:  (828)  466-6100  population:  146,690 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

James  Forrester,  republican  42nd-Gaston 

Noith  Caix)lina  House  of  Representatives 

Mark  K.  Hilton,  republican  88th-Catawba 

Mitchell  S.  Setzer,  republican  89th-Catawba 

W.  Franklin  Mitchell,  republican  96th-Mitchell 

Catawba  County  was  named  for  a  Native  American  Indian  tribe  that  lived  in  that 
part  of  the  state. 

Chatham 

P.O.  Box  87,  Pittsboro,  27312  www.co.chathamjic.us 

cou/Uv  scat;  Pittsboro  formed:  1771 

clerk  of  court:  (919)  542-3240  population:  41,049 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Wib  Gulley,  deniocrat  18lh-Orange 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Joe  Hackney,  democrat  54th-Orange 

Chatham  County  vv'as  named  m  honor  ot  William  Pitt,  Earl  ot  Chatham,  an  eloquent 
defender  of  the  American  cause  m  the  English  Parliament  during  the  Revolution. 

Cherokee 

Courthouse,  75  Peachtree  St.,  Muiphy,  28906 

wwwjnaiiuic.us/chei'okee/lndexJitnil 

county  seat:  Murphy  fornied:  1839 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  837-2322  population:  24,298 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Roger  West,  republican  120th-Cherokee 

Cherokee  County  was  named  m  honor  of  the  Natu'e  American  Indian  tribe  which 
still  inhabits  the  western  part  of  the  state. 


908 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Chowan 

P.O.  Box  1030,  Edenton,  27932  www.co.chowanjic.us 

county  seat:  Edenton  formed:  1670 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  482-2323  population:  14,163 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Holloman,  democrat  4th-Hertford 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

William  T.  Culpepper,  III,  democrat        2nd-Chowan 

Chowan  County  was  named  in  honor  of  the  Native  American  Indian  tribe  that 
inhabited  the  northeastern  part  of  North  Carolina  at  the  time  of  colonial  settlement. 

Clay 

Courthouse,  P.O.  Box  118,  HayesviUe,  28904  wwwjnainjicus/clay 

county  seat:  HayesviUe  formed:  1861 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  389-8334  population:  7,155 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Roger  West,  republican  120th-Cherokee 

Clay  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Henry  Clay,  an  antebellum  U.S.  Senator  and 
Presidential  candidate. 


909 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Cleveland 

100  Justice  Place,  Shelby,  28150  w^ww.clevelandcounty.coni 

countx  seal:  Shelby  jovmcd:  1841 

ilcvk  of  courl:  (704)  484-4851  population:  99,032 

North  Caixjliiia  Senate 

Walter  Dallon,  dcmoaat  46th-Rutherford 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Debbie  A. Clary,  republican  llOth-Cleveland 

Tim  K.  N4oore,  republican  1 1  llh-Cleveland 

Dr.  Bob  Endand,  democrat  1 12th-Cleveland 

Cleveland  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Colonel  Benjamin  Cleveland,  a  noted 
partisan  leader  of  the  western  Carolina  frontier  during  the  Revolutionary  War  era 
and  one  of  the  commanding  ofticers  of  the  American  patriot  forces  at  the  Battle  of 
Kings  Mountain. 

Columbus 

lllWasliingtonSt,Whiteville,28472  www/wknnbusjicus 

county  seal:  Whiteville  joimed:  1808 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  (-^41-3000  populalion:  54,749 

North  Carolina  Senate 

R.  C.  Soles,  Jr.,  demotrat  8th-Columbus 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Dewey  L.  Hill,  tlc/)i()c/t((  20th-Columbus 

Columbus  County  was  named  m  honor  of  the  discoverer  of  the  New  World. 


910 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Craven 

Adm.  Bldg.,  406  Craven  St.,  New  Bern,  28560  wwwxTavencoiinty.oom 

countv  scat:  New  Bern  formed:  1705 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  514-4774  population:  91,436 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Scott  Thomas,  democrat  2nd-Craven 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Michael  A.  Gorman,  republican  3rd-Crave 

WilUam  L.  Wainwright,  democrat  12th-Craven 

Craven  was  first  created  as  the  Archdale  Precinct  of  Bath  County  m  1705.  The  name 
was  changed  about  1712  to  honor  WilUam,  Lord  Craven,  one  of  the  Lords  Proprietor 
of  CaroUna.  The  county  seat  was  first  called  Chattawaka  (or  Chattoocka),  then 
changed  to  Newbern  m  1723.  State  legislators  legalized  the  current  spelling.  New 
Bern,  m  1897. 

Cumberland 

Courthouse,  117  Dick  St.,  FayetteviUe,  2830 1        www.oo.cumberlandnc.us 

county  seat:  FayetteviUe  jormed:  1754 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  678-2902  population:  274,566 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Anthony  E.  Rand,  democrat  19th-Cumberland 

Larr\'  Shaw,  democrat  21st-Cumberland 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Edd  Nye,  democrat  22nd-Bladen 

Marvin  W.  Lucas,  democrat  42nd-Cumberland 

Mary  McAllister,  democrat  43rd-Cumberland 

Rick  Glazier,  democrat  44th-Cumberland 

Alex  Warner,  democrat  45th-Cumberland 

Cumberland  County  was  named  m  honor  of  William  Augustus,  Duke  of 
Cumberland,  third  son  of  King  George,  III  of  Great  Britain.  Cumberland  crushed 
the  Jacobite  uprising  m  Scotland  at  Culloden  in  1746.  The  subsequent  clearance  of 
the  Scots  Highlands  launched  a  wave  of  emigrants  to  the  North  Carolina  frontier. 


911 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Currituck 

Couithouse,  CuiTituck,  27929  www.oo.currictuckjic.us 

iounlx  scat:  Curnluck  formed:  1668 

clerk  oj  court:  (252)  232-2010  population:  19,632 

North  Cai'olina  Senate 

Marc  Basnight,  ckiuocrat  Ist-Dare 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

W  C.  "Bill"  Owens,  Jr.,  democrat  Ist-Pasquotank 

Curnluck  County  is  traditionally  said  to  be  named  alter  a  Native  American  Indian 
word  lor  the  region's  indigenous  wild  geese,  "Coratank." 

Dare 

Administration  Bldg.,  Manteo,  27954  www.oo.dar'ejic.us 

ctH(n(v  .scd(;  Manteo  formed:  1870 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  473-2950  populatwn:  31,209 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Marc  Basmght,  democrat  Ist-Dare 

North  Carx)lina  House  of  Representatives 

William  T.  Culpepper,  III,  demoirat        2nd-Chowan 

Dare  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Virginia  Dare,  the  first  child  born  of  English 
parents  m  North  America. 

Davidson 

GiovernmentalCenter,913GreensboroSt,Lexington,27292     wwwjoodavidsonjicus 

county  seat:  Lexington  formed:  1822 

clerl:  of  court:  (336)  249-0351  population:  147,920 

North  Carx)lina  Senate 

Stan  Bingham,  republican  33rd-Davidson 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives  j 

J.  Curtis  Blackwood,  Jr.,  repuf->lican         73rd-Davidson 


912 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Jerry  C.  Dockham,  rcpuhlican  80th-Davidson 

L.  Hugh  Holliman,  democrat  81st-Davidson 

Davidson  County  was  named  in  honor  of  General  WiUiam  Lee  Davidson,  an 
American  patriot  commanding  officer  killed  m  action  at  Cowans  Ford. 

Davie 

123  S.  Main  St.,  Mocksville,  27028  www.co.daviejiaus 

countv  scat:  Mocksville  formed:  1836 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  751-3507  population:  36,232 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Andrew  C.  Brock,  republican  34th-Davie 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Julia  C.  Howard,  republican  79th-Davie 

Davie  County  was  named  in  honor  of  William  Richardson  Davie,  Revolutionary 
soldier,  a  member  of  the  Federal  Convention  of  1787,  Governor  of  North  Carolina, 
special  envoy  extraordinaire  and  minister  plenipotentiary  to  France  and  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 

Duplin 

P.O.  Box  910,  Kenansville,  28349  www.duplineoimty.oig 

county  seat:  Kenansville  formed:  1750 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  296-1686  population:  49,597 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Charles  W.  Albertson,  democrat  lOth-Duplin 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Charles  E.  Johnson,  democrat  4th-Pitt 

Duplin  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Thomas  Hay,  Lord  Duplin,  an  English 
nobleman  and  member  of  the  Board  of  Trade  and  Plantations. 


913 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Durham 

Gov.  Administration  Complex, Dmham,  27701  www.oo.durhanLnc.us 

couniv  scat:  Durham  jovmcd:  1881 

dcth  oj  court:  (919)  564-7070  population:  218,455 

North  Carx)lina  Seriate 

Wib  Gulley,  democrat  18th-Durham 

Jeanne  H.  Lucas,  democrat  20th-Durham 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Paul  Miller,  democrat  29th-Durham 

Paul  Luebke,  democrat  30th-Durham 

Heniy  M.  Michaux,  democrat  31st-Durham 

Gordon  P  Allen,  democrat  55th-Person 

Durham  County  takes  its  name  from  the  county  seat,  which  in  turn  was  named  m  j 
honor  of  Dr.  Bartlett  Snipes  Durham,  who  donated  the  land  on  which  the  railroad  j 
station  was  located. 

Edgecombe 

Adm.  Bldg.,  Box  10,  Tarboro,  27886  www.edgecombe.ccjic.us/county 

county  scat:  Tarboro  formed:  1741 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  823-6161  population:  56,692 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Clark  Jenkins,  democrat  3rd-Edgecombe 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Joe  P  Tolson,  den]ocrat  23rd-Edgecombe 

Jean  Farner-Butterfield,  democrat  24th-Wilson 

Edgecombe  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Richard  Edgecombe,  an  English 
nobleman.  Member  of  Parliament  and  a  lord  of  the  Treasury  who  became  Baron  i 
Edgecombe  in  1742. 


914 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS         CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Forsyth 

700  Hall  of  Justice,  Winston-Salem,  27101  www.coforsyth-ncus 

county  scat:  Winston-Salem  formed:  1849 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  761-2250  population:  265,878 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Hamilton  C.  Horton,  Jr.,  republican        31st-Forsyth 
Linda  Garrou,  democrat  32nd-Forsyth 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Larry  W.  Womble,  democrat  71st-Forsyth 

Earline  W  Parmon,  democrat  72nd-Forsyth 

J.  Curtis  Blackwood,  Jr.,  republican         73rd-Mecklenburg 
Lmda  P.  Johnson,  republican  74th-Rowan 

Jeffrey  L.  Barnhart,  republican  75th-Cabarrus 

Forsyth  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Colonel  Benjamin  Forsyth,  a  native  of 
Stokes  County  who  was  killed  on  the  Canadian  border  in  the  War  of  1812. 

Franklin 

113  Market  St.,  Louisburg,  27549  w^ww-co^-anklinjicus 

county  scat:  Louisburg  formed:  1779 

clerk  of  court:  (919)  496-5104  population:  44,000 

North  Carolina  Senate 

IJohn  H.  Kerr,  III,  democrat  7th-Wayne 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Lucy  T.  Allen,  democrat  49th-Franklin 

.  Franklin  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Benjamin  Franklin. 


915 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Gaston 

P.O.  Box  1578,  Gastonia,  28053 

iounlx  scLil:  Gaslonia 

clerk  oj  ioiirt:  (704)  852-3100 

Noith  Carolina  Senate 

R.B.  Sloan,  jr.,  ycpubluan 
David  Hoyle,  dcnuxnit 


www.co.gastonjicus 


formed:  1846 
population:  190,365 

41st-lredell 
43rd-Gaslon 


North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 


John  M.  Rayfield,  republican 
Palrick  T,  McHenry,  republican 
Debbie  A.  Clary,  republican 


108th-Gaston 
109th-Gaslon 
llOlh-Cleveland 


Gasion  County  was  named  in  honor  of  William  Gaston,  a  member  of  the  U.S. 
Congress  and  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  ot  North  Carolina. 


Gates 

Coiuthouse,  Gatesville,  27938 

couniv  seal:  Gatesville 

clerk  of  court:  (252')  357-1365 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Holloman,  den]ocrat 


www.albemarle-nc.c»nVgates 

formed:  1779 
population:  10,546 

4th-fiertford 


North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 


Howard  J.  Hunter,  Jr.,  demociiit 


5th-Northampton 


Gates  County  was  named  m  honor  of  General  Horatio  Gates,  who  commanded  the 
American  Army  at  the  Battle  of  Saratoga  during  the  Revolutionary  War. 


\' 


916 


J 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Graham 

Courthouse,  Robbinsville,  28771  wwwjiiairLnc.us/graharn^dexJitni 

county  seat:  Robbinsville  formed:  1872 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  479-7986  population:  7,196 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  C.  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Roger  West,  republican  120th-Cherokee 

Graham  County  was  named  in  honor  of  William  A.  Graham,  United  States  Senator, 
Governor  of  North  Carolina,  Secretar)'  of  the  Navy  and  a  Senator  m  the  Confederate 
Congress. 

Granville 

P.O.  Box  906,  Oxford,  27565  www.granvffleoounty.or§ 

'  county  seat:  Oxford  formed:  1746 

;dcr/?'o/ court;  (919)  693-2649  population:  52 M2 

]  North  Carolina  Senate 

ijohn  H.  Kerr,  III  democrat  7th-Wayne 

j  North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

I  James  W  Crawford,  Jr.,  democrat  32nd-Granville 

I  Granville  County  was  named  in  honor  of  John  Carteret,  Earl  of  Granville  and  Lord 
Proprietor,  who  owned  the  Granville  District. 


917 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Greene 

229  Kingold  Boulevai'd,  Suite  D,  Snow  Hill,  28580  www.co.greenejicus 

couuiv  seal:  .Snow  Hill  jormcd:  1799 

dcrk  oj  iOiirt:  (252)  747-3505  population:  IS JOO 

Noith  Caioliiia  Senate 

Tonv  P.  Moore,  democrat  5th-Pitt 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Slephen  A.  LaRoque,  republican  lOth-Lenoir 

Greene  County  was  originally  named  m  honor  of  James  Glasgow,  North  Carolina 
Secretary  of  State  during  the  Revolutionary  War  era.  When  Glasgow  became  publicly 
in\'ol\'ed  in  land  trauds,  however,  state  legislators  changed  the  countys  name  to  honor 
Gen.  Nathanael  Greene,  whose  leadership  of  the  American  patriot  army  in  South 
Carolina  and  North  Carolina  frustrated  British  attempts  to  hold  onto  the  two  colonies 
and  ultimately  led  to  the  surrender  of  Lord  Charles  Cornwallis'  British  army  at 
Yorktown. 

Guilford 

301 W.  Market  St.,  P.O.  Box  3427,  Greensboro,  27402  www.co.guilfoixl.nc.us 

county  seat:  Greensboro  furnied:  1771 

clerk  oj  court:  (336)  574-4302  population:  424,032 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

Philip  Berger,  republican  26th-Rockingham 

Kay  R.  Hagan,  democrat  27th-Guilford 

Katie  G.  Dorsett,  democrat  28th-Guilford 

Stan  Bingham,  republican  33rd-Davidson 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Joanne  W  Bowqe,  republican  57th-Guilford 

Alma  S.  Adams,  democrat  58th-Guilford 

Margaret  M.  jeffus,  democrat  59th-Guilford 

Earl  D.  Jones,  democrat  60th-Guilford 

Steve  W  Wood,  republican  61st-C7uilford 

John  M.  Blust,  republican  62nd-CTUilford 

Guilford  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Francis  North,  hrst  Earl  of  Guilford.  1 1 
was  father  of  the  Lord  North  who  was  Prime  Minister  under  George  111  during  ih 
Revolution. 


e 
e ' 


918 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Halifax 

Historic  Courthouse,  P.O.  Box  38,  Halifax,  27839  wwwJialifexnGcom 

county  scat:  Halifax  Jormed:  1758 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  583-5061  population:  57,370 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Holloman,  democrat  4th-Hertford 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

John  D.  Hall,  democrat  7th-Halifax 

Lucy  T.  Allen,  democrat  49th-Franklin 

Halifax  County  was  named  in  honor  of  George  Montagu,  second  Earl  of  Halifax  and 
president  of  the  Board  of  Trade  and  Plantations  in  London  during  the  later  colonial  era. 

Harnett 

County  Admin.  Bldg.,  P.O.  Box  759,  Lillington,  27546  wwwJiamettorg 

county  seat;  Lillington  formed:  1855 

[clerk  of  court:  (910)  893-5164  population:  100,000 

North  Carolina  Senate 

'Harris  Blake,  republican  22nd-Moore 

i  North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

John  1.  Sauls,  republican  51st-Lee 

j  David  R.  Lewis,  republican  53rd-Hamett 

;  Harnett  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Cornelius  Harnett,  an  eminent  Revolutionary 

j  patriot,  president  of  the  Council  of  Safety,  president  of  the  Provincial  Council,  delegate 

to  the  Continental  Congress  and  author  of  the  HaUfax  Resolves  of  April  12,  1776. 


919 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Haywood 

Courthouse,  215  N.  Main  St.,  Waynesville,  28786 

www.gov.coJiaywoocinc.us 

iounlv  scat:  Waynesville  formed:  1808 

dcrk  of  court:  (828)  456-3540  populntion:  54,033 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Joe  Sam  Queen,  democrat  47th-Haywood 

Robert  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Ray  Rapp,  republican  1 18th-Madison 

R.  Phillip  Haire,  denuxrat  1 19th-Jackson 

Haywood  County  is  named  m  honor  of  John  Ha)^vood,  Treasurer  of  North  Carolina, 
1787-1827. 

Henderson  ^ 

100  N.  King  St.,  Hendersonville,  28792  wwwJiendei-soncountyncorg 

county  seat:  Hendersonville  formed:  1838  j 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  697-4872  population:  75,096  ' 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Tom  Apodaea,  republican  42nd-Henderson 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Trudi  Walend,  republican  1 13th-Transylvania 

Carolyn  K.Justus,  republican  1 17th-Henderson 

Henderson  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Leonard  Henderson,  Chief  Justiee  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  North  Carolina  during  the  1830s.  i 

Hertford 

County  Office  Bldg.,#l,  P.O.  Box  116,  Winton,  27986 
www.cmedis.comnierce.statejic.us/outlook/heitcp.pdf 

countx'  seat:  Winton  formed:  1759 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  358-7845  population:  22,468 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Holloman,  democrat  4th-Hertford  I 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Howard  J.  Hunter,  Jr.,  democrat  5th-Northampton 


I 


920 


y 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS         CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Hertford  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Francis  Seymour  Conway  Earl  (later 
Marquis)  of  Hertford,  Lord  of  the  Bedchamber  and  Knight  of  the  Garter  durmg  the 
reign  of  George  11. 

Hoke 

227  N.  Main  St.,  Box  210,  Raeford,  28376  wwwjicse.oi^okeJitnil 

county  seat:  Raeford  formed:  1911 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  875-3728  population:  30,000 

North  Carolina  Senate 

David  Wemstem,  democrat  13th-Robeson 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Douglas  Y.  Yongue,  democrat  46th-Scodand 

Donald  A.  Bonner,  democrat  48th-Robeson 

Hoke  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Robert  F.  Hoke,  a  major-general  m  the 
Confederate  States  Army 

Hyde 

\  Courthouse,  Swan  Quarter,  27885  albemarle-ncconVhyde 

,  county  seat:  Swan  Quarter  formed:  1712 

'clerk  of  court:  (252)  926-4101  population:  5,742 

j  North  Carolina  Senate 

'  Marc  Basnight,  democrat  Ist-Dare 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

iWiUiam  T.  Culpepper,  111,  democrat        2nd-Chowan 

Hyde  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Edward  Hyde,  a  colonial  Governor  of  North 
Carolina  and  grandson  of  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  one  of  the  original  Lords  Proprietor. 


921 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


Iredell 

P.O.  Box  788,  Statesville,  28687 

county  seal:  SiaicsviUe 

ilak  oj  toiiil:  U04)  878-4204 

Noith  Caix)lina  Senate 

Flclchcr  Hartsell,  vcpublican 
R.B.  Sloan,  Jr..,  ivpuhlican 
James  Forrester,  vcpuhUcan 


www.co.ii'edelLnc.us 


jormcd:  1788 
population:  133,280 

36th-Cabarrus 

41st-Iredell 

42nd-Gaslon 


North  Cat  olina  House  of  Representatives 


Julia  C.  Howard,  rcpubllciin 
Miiehell  S.  Selzer,  rcpublicdn 
George  M.  Holmes,  vcpnbliLan 
Karen  B.  Ray,  vcpublican 


79ih-Davie 
89th-Iredell 
92nd-Iredell 
95UvIredell 


Iredell  Coiiniy  was  named  in  honor  of  James  Iredell  of  Edenton.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest,  post-colonial  leaders  in  the  state  and  advocated  the  adoption  of  the  federal 
Constitution.  President  George  Washington  appointed  him  a  judge  of  the  U.S.  Supreme 
Court  m  1790. 


Jackson 

Jackson  County  Justice  Center,  401  Grindstaff  Cove  Road,  Sylva,  28779 
niairLncus^ackson 

countx  scat:  Sylva  formed:  1851 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  586-7511  population:  33,121 

North  Cai'olina  Senate 

Robert  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

North  Caiolina  House  of  Representatives 


R.  Phillip  Haire,  democrat 


119th-Jackson 


Jackson  County  was  named  m  honor  ol  Gen.  Andrew  ]ackson,  who  won  atii 
overwhelming  victoiy  over  the  British  at  New  Orleans  m  1815  and  was  twice  elected: 
President  of  the  United  States.  ; 


922 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Johnston 

Courthouse,  Box  1049,  Smithfield,  27577  www.co.johristorLnc.us 

county  scat:  Smithfield  jovmcd:  1746 

clerk  of  court:  (919)  934-3191  population:  136,802 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Fred  Smith,  republican  12th-Johnston 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Billy  J.  Creech,  republican  26th-Johnston 

Namon  Leo  Daughtry,  republican  28th-Johnston 

Johnston  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Gabriel  Johnston,  a  colonial  Governor  of 
North  Carolina. 

Jones 

Administration  Building,  Box  340,  Trenton,  28585  www.co.jones.nc.us 

'county  seat:  Trenton  formed:  1779 

[clerk  of  court:  (252)  448-7351  population:  10,303 

[  North  Carolina  Senate 

!  Cecil  Hargett,  democrat  6th-Onslow 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Jean  R.  Preston,  republican  13th-Carteret 

jjones  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Willie  Jones  of  Hahfax,  who  was  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  Revolution  and  president  of  the  Council  of  Safety  Jones  later  opposed 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States.  It  was  due  chiefly  to  his  influence 
that  the  Convention  of  1788  refused  to  ratify  a  federal  Constitution. 


923 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Lee 

Lee  County  Govt.  Center,  Box  1968,  Sanford,  27331-1968 
wwwJeecxjuntynccom 

iounlv  sfc!/:  San  lord  formed:  1907 

ilcrk  oj  iourl:  (919)  708-4414  population:  50,709 

Noith  Cai'olina  Senate 

\\\h  Gullcy,  ckmocrat  18th-Durham 

Noith  Caiolina  House  of  Representatives 

John  I.  Sauls,  republican  51sL-Lee 

Lee  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee,  commander-in-chief  of  the 
Confederate  Arm\'  oi  Northern  Virginia  during  the  Civil  War. 

Lenoir 

Courthouse,  P.O.  Box  3289,  Kinston,  28501  www.ooJenoirjicus 

counfv  sctif:  Kinston  formed:  1791 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  527-6231  population:  59,648 

North  CaroUna  Senate 

Charles  Albertson,  den]ocrat  lOth-Duplin 

North  Carolma  House  of  Representatives 

Stephen  LaRoque,  republican  lOth-Lenoir  ' 

William  L.  Wamwright,  denwcrat  79th-Craven 

I 
Lenoir  County  was  named  in  honor  of  William  Lenoir,  one  of  the  commanders  of; 
the  American  patriot  army  at  the  Battle  of  Kings  Mountain  during  the  Revolutionary! 
War. 


924 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Lincoln 

115  W.  Main  St.,  Lincolnton,  28092  wwwJmcx3lnc»unty.org 

county  scat:  Lincolnton  formed:  1779 

clerk  of  court:  (704)  736-8568  population:  73,000 

North  Carolina  Senate 

R.B.  Sloan,  Jr.,  republican  25th-lredell 

N.C.  House  of  Representative 

ijoe  L.  Kiser,  republican  97th-Lincoln 

Lincoln  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Gen.  Benjamin  Lincoln,  a  distinguished 
[general  of  the  Revolution  whom  Gen.  George  Washington  appointed  to  receive  the 
[sword  of  Lord  Charles  Cornwallis  when  he  surrendered  his  army  at  Yorktown. 

Macon 

Courthouse,  Franklin,  28734  wwwjnairLnc.ustoaoon/maconJitml 

\county  seat:  Franklin  formed:  1828 

[clerk  of  court:  (828)  349-2042  population:  31,670 

r 

■  North  Carolina  Senate 

IRobert  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

i  North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

,R.  Phillip  Haire,  democrat  68th-Jackson 

IRoger  West,  republican  53rd-Cherokee 

Macon  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Nathaniel  Macon,  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  United  States  Senator  and  president  of  the  states  Constitutional 
Convention  of  1835. 


925 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Madison 

Courthouse,  Box  579,  Marshall,  28753  wwwjriauijricus^riadlson/indexJitrnl 

uuiM/v  st't7(;  Marshall  jormcd:  1851 

clerk  oj  court :  (828)  649-2531  population:  21,000 

North  Carx3lina  Senate 

Joe  Sain  Queen,  democrat  47th-Bunce^mbe 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Raymond  C.  Rapp,  democrat  52nd-Madison  !' 

Madison  County  was  named  m  honor  ot  James  Madison,  fourth  President  of  the 
United  States. 

Martin 

P.O.  Box  668,  Williamston,  27892  www.albemarle-nc.com/martin 

counfv  sfcif;  Williamston  formed:  1774 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  792-2515  population:  24,928 

North  Carx)lina  Senate 

Clark  Jenkins,  democrat  3rd-Edgecombe  . 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Edith  D.  Warren,  democrat  8th-Pitt  ; 

Martin  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Josiah  Martin,  the  last  Royal  Governor  of 
North  Carolina.  It  is  probable  that  this  county's  name  would  have  been  changed  likel 
those  of  Dobbs  and  Tryon  but  for  the  popularity  of  Alexander  Martin,  North  Carolina' 
governor  from  1782-1785  and  again  from  1789-1792. 


926 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

McDowell 

County  Administration  Bldg.,  60  E.  Court  St.,  Marion,  28752 
mairLncus^ncdowellcounty 

county  seat:  Marion  formed:  1842 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  652-7717  population:  43,000 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Joe  Sam  Queen,  democrat  47th-Haywood 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Mitch  Gillespie,  republican  85th-McDowell 

McDowell  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Colonel  Joseph  McDowell,  an  officer  of 
the  American  patriot  army  who  fought  at  Kings  Mountain  and  later  served  in  the  U.S. 
Congress  and  as  a  member  of  the  commission  established  to  settle  the  boundary  line 
between  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee. 

Mecklenburg 

Charlotte-Meek.  Govt.  Center,  600  E.  4th  St.,  P.O.  Box  31787,  Charlotte,  28231 
www.cojnecklenburgjic.us 

formed:  1762 
population:  569,160 


Icounty  seat:  Charlotte 

klerk  of  court:  (704)  347-7811 

I  North  Carolina  Senate 

jFern  Shubert,  republican 
Daniel  Clodfelter,  democrat 

.Charlie  S.  Dannelly  democrat 
Robert  A.  Rucho,  republican 
Robert  Pittenger,  republican 


35th-Mecklenburg 
37th-Mecklenburg 
38th-Mecklenburg 
39th-Mecklenburg 
40th-Mecklenburg 


North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 


John  W.  Rhodes,  republican 
'  Drew  R  Saunders,  democrat 
; James  B.  Black,  democrat 
.Beverly  Earle,  democrat 
Rebecca  A.  Carney,  democrat 
Jim  Gulley,  republican 
Constance  K.  Wilson,  republican 
W.  Edwin  McMahan,  republican 
Martha  B.  Alexander,  democrat 
W.  Pete  Cunningham,  democrat 


98th-Mecklenburg 
99th-Mecklenburg 
1  OOth-Mecklenburg 
lOlst-Mecklenburg 
1 02nd-Mecklenburg 
1 03rd-Mecklenburg 
1 04th-Mecklenburg 
1 05th-Mecklenburg 
1 06th-Mecklenburg 
107th-Mecklenburg 


Mecklenburg  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Queen  Charlotte  Sophia  of 
Mecklenburg,  wife  of  King  George  III. 


927 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Mitchell 

Admiiiistiation  BuUding,  PO  Box  409,  BakersviUe,  28705-0409 
wwwjmitchellcounty.or§ 

iOiDitv  seal:  Bakersville  fanned:  1861 

dcrk  oj  court:  (828)  688-2161  population:  15J77 

Noitli  Cai-olina  Senate 

Joe  Sam  Queen,  dcmoLvat  47lh-Haywood 

North  Caioliiia  House  of  Representatives 

Phillip  D.  Fiye,  rcpidiUain  84ih-Mitchell 

Mitchell  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  Elisha  Mitchell,  a  professor  at  the 
Unu'ersit)'  of  North  Carolina.  While  on  an  exploring  expedition  of  Mt.  Mitchell,  the 
highest  peak  east  ot  the  Mississippi,  Dr.  Mitchell  fell  and  was  killed.  He  is  buried  on 
top  of  the  mountain. 

Montgomery 

P.O.  Box  425,  Troy,  27371 

county  scat:  Troy  formed:  1779 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  576-4211  popidation:  27,306 

North  Carolina  Senate  \ 

Jerry  W.  Tillman,  republican  29th-Randolph  i 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

R  Wayne  Sexton,  Jr..  republican  66th-Rockmgham 

Arlie  ¥.  Culp,  republican  67th-Randolph 

Montgomers'  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Richard  Montgomeiy  wJio.  m  1775. 
lost  his  life  at  the  Battle  of  Quebec  during  Gen.  Benedict  Arnolds  disastrous  attempt 
to  concjuer  Canada. 


928 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Moore 

Courthouse  Square,  PO  Box  905,  Carthage,  28327         www.cojnoorejic.us 

.county  scat:  Carthage  joymcci:  1784 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  947-2396  population:  79,267 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Harris  Blake,  rcpubliccm  22nd-Moore 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Richard  T.  Morgan,  republican  52nd-Moore 

Joe  Hackney,  democrat  54th-Orange 

Moore  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Captain  Alfred  Moore  of  Brunswick  County, 
a  soldier  m  the  American  patriot  army  and  a  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States. 

Nash 

Admmistration  Buildmg,  120  W.Washington  St.,  NashviUe,  27856 

iounty  scat:  Nashville  formed:  Mil 

'^dcrk  of  court:  (252)  459-4081  population:  89,542 

North  Carolina  Senate 

jA.B.  Swindell,  IV,  democrat  llth-Nash 

!  North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

jjohn  D.  Hall,  democrat  7th-HaUfax 

IBill  G.  Daughtridge,  Jr.,  republican  25th-Nash 

Lucy  T.  Allen,  democrat  49th-Franklin 

iNash  County  was  named  m  honor  of  General  Francis  Nash  of  Hillsborough,  who 
was  mortally  wounded  while  hghtmg  under  George  Washington  at  the  Battle  of 
Germantown. 


929 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

New  Hanover 

320  Chestnut  St.,  Wilmington,  28401  www.oojiew-hanoverjic.us 

coiinlv  scat:  Wilmington  foymcd:  1729 

ch-yk  ol  court:  (910)  341-4430  population:  169,050 

NoiUi  Cai'olina  Senate 

Patrick  J.  Ballantme,  republican  9th-New  Hanover 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Carolyn  H.  Justice,  republican  16th-Pencler 

Thomas  E.  Wright,  dcniocrat  18th-New  Hanover 

Daniel  ¥.  McComas,  republican  19th-New  Hano\'er 

Nevv'  Hanover  County  was  nameci  in  honor  of  the  royal  family  of  England  during] 
the  18th  and  early  19th  centuries,  the  House  of  Hanover. 

Northampton 

108  W.  Jefferson  St.,  P.O.  Box  808,  Jackson,  27845 

cniedis.commerce.state.nc.us/outlook/noitcp.pdf 

cc'u;ifv  scci(;  Jackson  fornicd:  1741 

clcrh  of  court:  (919)  534-1631  population:  20,798 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Holloman,  democrat  4th-Hertford 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Stanley  H.  Fox,  democrat  27lh-Granville 

Northampton  County  was  named  in  honor  of  James  Crompton,  Earl  ol' 
Northampton,  an  English  nobleman. 


930 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS         CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Onslow 

1 18  Old  Bridge  St.,  Jacksonville,  28540-4259  www.oo.onslowjic.us 

county  scat:  Jacksonville  formed:  1731 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  455-4458  population:  153,118 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Cecil  Hargett,  democrat  6th-Onslow 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Charles  E.  Johnson,  democrat  4th-Pitt 

Keith  P.  WilUams,  republican  14th-Duplin 

W  Robert  Grady,  republican  15th-Onslow 

Onslow  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Sir  Arthur  Onslow  who,  for  more  than 
thirty  years,  w^as  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons  in  the  British  Parliament  during 
the  mid- 17th  Century. 

Orange 

Orange  County  Gvt.  Services  Ctr.,  200  S.  Cameron,  Hillsborough,  27278 
www.co.orangejicus 

county  seat:  Hillsborough  formed:  1752 

\  clerk  of  court:  (919)  732-8181  population:  120,881 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Eleanor  Kinnaird,  democrat  23rd-Orange 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

J.  Russell  Capps,  republican  50th- Wake 

Joe  Hackney  democrat  54th-Orange 

Verla  Insko,  democrat  56th-Orange 

Orange  County  was  named  in  honor  of  the  infant  William  V  of  Orange,  grandson 
of  King  George  11  of  Great  Britain. 


931 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Pamlico 

Courthouse,  Box  776,  Bayboro,  28515  www.pamlico.coni 

ctni/ifv  scat:  Bayl^oro  formed:  1872 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  745-6000  population:  12,934 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

Scou  Thomas,  democrat  2nd-Craven 

Noith  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Michael  A.  Gorman,  republican  3rd-Craven 

Pamhco  County  was  named  after  the  sound  ot  the  same  name.  PamUco  was  the  j 
name  of  a  Nati\'e  xA.merican  Indian  tribe  settled  along  the  sound. 

Pasquotank 

Couithouse,  Room  E201,  Elizabeth  City%  27909        www.co.pasquotankjic.us 

ccnintv  seat:  Elizabeth  City  jormed:  1668 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  331-4751  population:  36,432 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

Marc  Basnight,  democrat  Ist-Dare 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

William  C.  Owens,  Jr.,  democrat  Ist-Pasquotank 

Pasquotank  County  was  derived  from  an  Indian  word,  "pask-e\an-ki,"  which  meant 
"where  the  current  ot  the  stream  divides  or  forks." 

Pender 

Administiation  Building,  Box  5,  Burgaw,  28425  www.pender<»unt\  .com 

county  seat:  Burgaw  formed:  1875 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  259-1229  population:  43,000 

North  Carxjlina  Senate 

R.C.  Soles,  Jr..  democrat  4th-Columbus 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives  ! 

Carolyn  H.  Justice,  republican  16th-Pender 

Thomas  E.  Wright,  democrat  18th-New  Hanover  i 

I 

Pender  County  was  named  in  honor  of  General  William  Dorsey  Pender  of  Edgecombe  j 
County  Pender,  a  commanding  ofhcer  m  the  Confederate  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,; 
was  killed  at  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg. 


932 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Perquimans 

P.O.  Box  45,  Hertford,  2  7944  www.aIbeiriarle-nc.conVhertford 

countv  scat:  Hertford  jormed:  1668 

dcrk  of  court:  (252)  426-5676  population:  11,368 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Holloman,  democrat  4th-Hertford 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Howard  J.  Hunter,  Jr.,  democrat  5th-Hertford 

Perquimans  County  was  named  m  honor  of  a  Native  American  Indian  tribe  that 
inhabited  the  northern  shores  of  the  Albemarle  sound. 

Person 

300  S.  Morgan  St.,  Roxboro,  27573  www.personoountyjiet 

iounty  seat:  Roxboro  formed:  1791 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  597-0554  population:  37,594 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Eleanor  Kinnaird,  democrat  23rd-Orange 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

i  Gordon  R  Allen,  democrat  55th-Person 

.  Person  County  was  named  in  honor  of  General  Thomas  Person,  an  American  patriot 
.  leader  during  the  Revolution,  member  of  the  Council  of  Safety  and  benefactor  of 
I  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 


933 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Pitt 

1717  West  Fifth  St.,  Greenville,  27834  www.cx).pittnc.us/index.shtml 

county  scat:  Greenville  jovmcd:  1760 

clcvk  of  court:  (252)  695-7100  population:  139,007 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Clark  Jenkins,  democrat  3rd-Edgecombe 

Tony  P.  Moore,  democrat  5th-Pitt 

North  Caixjlina  House  of  Representatives 

Arthur  J.  Williams,  democrat 
Edilh  D.  Warren,  democrat 
Marian  N.  McLawhorn,  democrat 


6lh-Beauforl 

8di-Pitl 

9lh-Pitt 


Piu  County  was  named  m  honor  of  William  Pitt,  Earl  of  Chatham,  Secretary  of  State 
for  the  British  crown  and  de  facto  prime  minister  of  Britain  m  the  mid- 18th  Century. 


Polk 

Box  308,  Columbus,  28722 

coimtv  seat:  Columbus 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  894-8231 

North  CaroUna  Senate 

Tom  Apodaca,  republican 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 


www.polkoountyx)ig 


formed:  1855 
population:  18,324 

48th-Macon 


Trudy  Walend,  repidilican 


1 13th-Transylvania 


Polk  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Colonel  William  Polk  "who  renderec 
distinguished  service  m  the  Battles  of  Germantown,  Brandyu'ine,  and  Eutaw,  m  all  oi  , 
which  he  was  wounded." 


934 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Randolph 

725  McDowell  Rd.,  P.O.  Box  4728,  Asheboro,  27204-4728 
www.coj*andolphjic.us 

county  scat:  Asheboro  formed:  1779 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  318-6701  population:  134,980 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Icrry  W  Tillman,  republican  29th-Randolph 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

BobbyH.  Barbee,  republican  70th-Stanly 

Harold  J.  Brubaker,  republican  78th-Randolph 

Randolph  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Peyton  Randolph  of  Virginia,  who  was 
president  of  the  Continental  Congress. 

Richmond 

Box  504,  Rockingham,  28380  www.coj:ichmondjic.us 

coun fy  seat;  Rockingham  jormed:  1779 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  997-9100  population:  46,221 

North  Carolina  Senate 

William  R.  Purcell,  democrat  25th-Scotland 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

P  Wayne  Sexton,  Jr.,  republican  66th-Rockingham 

Richmond  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Charles  Lennox,  Duke  of  Richmond 
and  a  principal  secretary  in  William  Pitts  second  administration.  Richmond  was  a 
staunch  friend  of  the  American  colonies  and  made  a  motion  m  the  House  of  Lords 
I  that  the  colonies  be  granted  their  independence. 


935 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Robeson 

Couithouse,  Liimbei'ton,  28358 
cniedis.comniercee.state.nc.us/outlook/robecp.pdf 

coiinlx  sciii:  Lumbcrlon  jovmcd:  1787 

clcik  ('/  uni/f  (910)  671-3377  population:  123,339 

North  Cai'olina  Senate 

David  Wemstein,  democrat  13th-Robeson 

North  Caiolina  House  of  Representatives 

Douglas  Y.  Yongue,  democrat  46lh-Scotland 

Ronnie  N.  SiUlon,  democrat  47th-Robeson 

Donald  A.  Bonner,  democrat  48th-Robeson 

Robeson  County  was  named  m  honor  o'l  Colonel  Thomas  Robeson,  a  soldier  of 
the  Revolution.  He  was  one  of  the  leaders  at  the  Battle  of  Elizabethtown  m  September, 
1781. 

Rockingham 

Courthouse,  PO  Box  206,  Wentworth,  27375  wwwjncplorg 

county  seat:  Wentworth  jornied:  1785 

clerk  oj  court:  (336)  342-8700  population:  93,025 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Philip  E.  Berger,  republican  26th-Rockingham 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

E.  Nelson  Cole,  democrat  65th-Rockingham 

Rex  L.  Baker,  republican  91st-Alamance 

Rockingham  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Charles  Watson-Went  worth.  Second 
Mare]uis  of  Rockingham,  who  was  a  leader  of  a  party  m  the  British  Parliament  which 
advocated  American  independence.  Rockingham  was  Prime  Minister  when  the  Stamp 
Act  was  repealed. 


I 


936 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Rowan 

130  W.  Innes  St.,  Salisbury,  28144  www.cojx)warLnc.us 

county  scat:  Salisbury  formed:  1753 

clerk  of  court:  (704)  639-7505  population:  130,802 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Andrew  C.  Brock,  republican  34th-Davie 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

W.  Eugene  McCombs,  republican  76th-Rowan 

Lorene  T.  Coates,  democrat  77th-Rowan 

Rowan  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Matthew  Rowan,  a  prominent  North 
Carolma  leader  before  the  Revolution  and,  for  a  short  time  after  the  death  of  Governor 
Gabriel  Johnston,  acting  governor  of  the  colony. 

Rutherford 

289  N.  Main  St.,  Rutherfordton,  28139 
;  cmedis.coninierce.state.nc.us/outlook/ruthcp.pdf 

[county  seat:  Rutherfordton  formed:  1779 

\  clerk  of  court:  (828)  286-9136  population:  56,918 

I  North  Carolina  Senate 

Walter  H.  Dalton,  democrat  46th-Rutherford 

'  North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

I  Dr.  Bob  England,  democrat  112th-Rutherford 

Rutherford  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Grifhth  Rutherford,  one  of  the  most 
prominent  of  the  Revolutionary  patriots.  Rutherford  led  the  expedition  that  crushed 
I  the  Cherokees  in  1776  and  rendered  important  services  both  in  the  colonial  legislature 
and  on  the  battlefield  as  a  general  officer. 


937 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Sampson 

County  Office  Bldg.,  435  Rowan  Rd.,  Clinton,  28328 
www.sanipsoii.ccjic.us/onestop 

couiU\  scat:  Clinton  formed:  1784 

clerk  oj  court:  (910)  592-5191  population:  60,161 

Noith  Caix)lina  Senate 

Charles  W  Albertson,  democrat  lOth-Duplm 

Noith  Cai'olina  House  of  Representatives 

Lany  M.  Bell,  democrat  21st-Sampson 

N.  Leo  Daughtry,  republican  28th-Johnston 

Sampson  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Colonel  John  Sampson.  Sanipson  sensed 
in  the  colonial  House  of  Commons  and  was  a  member  the  governors  council  under 
Govs.  Dobbs,  Tryon  and  Martm. 

Scotland 

County  Annex,  P.O.  Box  489,  Laurinbmg,  28352       www.scotlandoounty.org 

countv  seat:  Laurinburg  formed:  1899 

clerk  of  court:  (910)  277-3240  population:  35,998 

North  Carolina  Senate 

William  R.  Purcell,  democrat  25th-Scotland 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Douglas  Y.  Yongue,  democrat  46th-Scotland 

Donald  A.  Bonner,  democrat  489th-Robeson 

Scotland  County  was  named  for  the  countiy  of  Scotland,  the  northern  portion  of 
the  British  Isles.  Many  ot  the  countys  earliest  settlers  were  Scots. 


938 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Stanly 

20 1 S.  Second  St.,  Albemarle,  2800 1  w^ww.co.stanlyjic.us 

countv  scat:  Albemarle  formed:  1841 

clerk  of  court:  (704)  982-2161  population:  58,100 

North  Carolina  Senate 

William  R.  Purcell,  democrat  25th-Scotland 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Arlie  ¥.  Gulp,  republican  67th-Randolph 

Stanly  County  was  named  m  honor  of  John  Stanly  who,  for  many  years  m  the  early 
19th  Century  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  —  several  times  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Commons  —  and  a  member  of  the  U.S.  Congress. 

Stokes 

Government  Center,  P.O.  Box  201,  Danbury,  27016         www.co.stokesjicus 

county  scat:  Danbury  formed:  1789 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  593-2811  population:  44,711 

North  Carolina  Senate 

John  A.  Garwood,  republican  30th-Wilkes 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Rex  L.  Baker,  republican  91st-Stokes 

Stokes  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Captain  John  Stokes,  a  soldier  in  the  American 
patriot  cause  who  was  seriously  wounded  at  the  Waxhaw  Massacre  during  the 
Revolutionary  War.  After  the  war.  President  George  Washington  appointed  him  a 
judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  of  North  Carolina.  Stokes  also  served  in  the 
colonial  legislature  and  as  a  delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1789. 


939 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Surry 

118  Hamby  Road,  Dobson,  27017  www.oo.surryjic.us 

amnlx  scat:  Dobson  jonncd:  1771 

clerk  oj  court:  (336)  386-8131  populatwn:  71,980 

North  Carolina  Senate 

John  A.  Garwood,  rcpithhcan  30th-Wilkes 

North  Cai'olina  House  of  Representatives 

James  A.  Harrell,  111,  democrat  90th-Yadkm 

George  M.  Holmes,  republican  92nd-Yadkm 

Suny  County  was  named  in  honor  ol  the  county  Surrey  m  England,  birthpk^^e  of  j 
then-Gov.  William  Tryon. 

Swain 

P.O.  Box  2321,  Bryson  City,  28713 
cniedis.comnierce.state.nc.us/outlook/swaicp.pdf 

county  seat:  Bryson  City  formed:  1871 

clerk  oj  court:  (828)  488-2288  populatwn:  12,968 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Robert  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

R.  Phillip  Haire,  democrat  52nd-Jackson 

Swain  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Gov.  David  L.  Swam,  who  also  served  as 
president  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 

Transylvania 

208  E.  Main  St.,  Brevard,  28712 
cniedis.coninierce.state.nc.us/outlook/trancp.pdf 

county  .scat:  Brevard  formed:  1861  i 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  884-3120  population:  29,349  j 

North  CaroUna  Senate 

Robert  Carpenter,  republican  50th-Macon 

North  Cai'olina  House  of  Representatives  i 

Trudi  Walend,  rquiMitcin  1 13th-Transylvania  j 

Transylvania  County  was  derived  from  the  Latin  words  "trans,"  meaning  "across,"! 
and  "sylva"  meaning  "woods".  I 


940 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Tyrrell 

County  Office  Bldg.,  108  S.  Water  St.,  Columbia,  27925 
www^albeniarle-nacoiiVcolumbia 

county  seat:  Columbia  formed:  1729 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  796-6281  population:  3,856 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Marc  Basnight,  democrat  Ist-Dare 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

William  C.  Owens,  Jr.,  democrat  Ist-Pasquotank 

Tyrrell  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Sir  John  Tyrrell,  Lord  Proprietor. 

Union 

Courthouse,  500  N.  Main  St.,  Monroe,  28112  www.co.unionjic.us 

county  seat:  Monroe  formed:  1842 

clerk  of  court:  (704)  283-3681  population:  153,652 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Fern  Shubert,  republican  35th-Union 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Arlie  F.  Culp,  republican  67th-Randolph 

G.  Wayne  Goodwin,  democrat  68th-Cabarrus 

Pryor  A.  Gibson,  democrat  69th-Stanly 

At  the  time  the  county  was  formed,  there  was  a  dispute  between  local  Whigs  and 
Democrats  over  whether  it  should  be  named  Clay  or  Jackson.  The  name  "Union"  was 
suggested  and  adopted  as  a  compromise. 


941 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Vance 

Courthouse,  122  YovuigSt,  Henderson,  27536 

("('[(/i/v  scat:  Henderson  jornwd:  1881 

dcrk  oj  court:  (252^  738-9000  population:  43,000 

North  Carxjlina  Senate 

]o\m  H.  KeiT,  111,  democrat  7th-Wayne 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 


www.vanoecounty.oom 


Stanley  Fox,  democrat 

James  Crawford,  Jr.,  democrat 


27th-Ciranville 
32nd-Granville 


Vance  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Zebulon  Baird  Vance,  member  of  Congress, 
Governor  of  North  Carolina  and  a  United  States  Senator. 


Wake 

P.O.  Box  550,  Raleigh,  27602 

county  scat:  Raleigh 

clcrh  of  court:  (919)  755-4112 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Vernon  Malone,  democrat 
John  H.  Carrington,  republican 
Eric  Reeves,  democrat 
Richard  Stevens,  republican 


www.co.wakejic.us 


formed:  1  /'  / 1 
population:  725,902 

14th- Wake 
15th-Wake 
16th-Wake 
17th -Wake 


North  Car-olina  House  of  Representatives 


Bernard  Allen,  denwcrat 
Don  Munlord,  republican 
Jenniler  Weiss,  democrat 
David  Miner,  republican 
Paul  Slam,  republican 
Deborah  K.  Ross,  democrat 
J.  Samuel  Ellis,  republican 
Rick  L.  Eddms,  republican 
J.  Russell  Capps,  repid'>lican 


3  3rd- Wake 
34th-Wake 
3  5  th -Wake 
36th-Wake 
37th-Wake 
38th-Wake 
39th-Wake 
40th-Wake 
5  0th -Wake 


Wake  County  was  named  in  honor  o^  Margaret  Wake,  wile  ot  colonial  Co\'ernor 
William  Tryon. 


942 


COUNTIES    AND    THEIR    GOVERNMENTS         CHAPTER    TWELVE 

Warren 

Box  619,  Warrenton,  27589 
ciTiedis.cornnierce.state.nc.us/outlook/warrcp.pdf 

county  seat:  Warrenton  formed:  1779 

cler-k  of  court:  (252)  257-3261  population:  19,972 

North  Carolina  Senate 

John  H,  Kerr,  III,  democrat  7th-Wayne 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Stanley  H.  Fox,  democrat  27th-Granville 

Warren  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Gen.  Joseph  Warren,  a  Massachusetts 
physician  and  American  patriot  leader  who  was  killed  at  the  Batde  of  Bunker  Hill. 

Washington 

Courthouse,  P.O.  Box  1007,  Plymouth,  27962 

county  seat:  Plymouth  formed:  1799 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  793-3013  populatiom  13,644 

North  Carolina  Senate 

iMarc  Basnight,  democrat  Ist-Dare 

j  North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

iWilliam  C.  Owens,  Jr,  democrat  Ist-Chowan 

Washington  County  was  named  m  honor  of  George  Washington. 


;t 


943 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Watauga 

Courthouse,  842  W.  King  St.,  Boone,  28607  www.wataugacountyx)i§ 

c()iin/v  sciU:  Boone  j armed:  1849 

dcrk  oj  tourt:  (828)  265-5364  population:  42,695 

Noith  Caix)lina  Senate 

Virginia  Foxx,  rcpubliain  45th-Watauga 

Noith  Cai'olina  House  of  Representatives 

William  C.  McGee,  ycpublican  93rd-Forsyth 

Watauga  County  was  named  for  the  Watauga  River  whose  name  came  from  a  j 
Cherokee  phrase  meaning  "beautitul  water." 

Wayne 

P.O.  Box  227,  Goldsboro,  27533-0227  www.esnjietAvayneoounty 

uni /If V  scat;  Goldsboro  formed:  1779 

clerk  oj  court:  (919)  731-7910  popukmon:  113,329 

North  Caix)lina  Senate 

Tony  P  Moore,  democrat  5th-Pitt 

Fred  Smith,  republican  12th-Wake 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Stephen  A.  LaRoque,  republican  lOth-Lenoir 

Louis  M.  Pate,  Jr.,  republican  llth-Wayne 

Lariy  M.  Bell,  democrat  21st-Sampson 

Wayne  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne,  Revolutionary  War 
hero  and  one  ot  Gen.  George  Washington's  most  trusted  soldiers. 


944 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS  CHAPTER   TWELVE 

Wilkes 

Wilkes  Co.  Office  Bldg.,  Wilkesboro,  28697 
crnedis.coninierce.state.nc.us/outlook/vvTlkcp.pdf 

county  scat:  Wilkesboro  formed:  1777 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  667-1201  population:  66,660 

North  Carolina  Senate 

Virginia  Foxx,  republican  45th-Watauga 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Michael  P.  Decker,  democrat  94th-Forsyth 

Wilkes  County  was  named  m  honor  of  John  Wilkes,  an  outspoken  opponent  of 
the  ruling  Tory  party  m  England  during  the  American  Revolution.  Because  of  his 
controversial  stands  in  favor  of  American  political  rights,  Wilkes  was  not  allowed  to 
take  the  seat  in  Parliament  to  which  he  had  been  elected.  Many  Americans  at  the  time 
beheved  Wilkes  was  suffering  m  the  cause  of  their  liberty  and  named  this  county  in 
his  honor. 

Wilson 

Wilson  County  Administrative  Office,  Box  1728,  Wilson,  27894-1728 
www.wilson-co.coni 

county  seat:  Wilson  formed:  1855 

clerk  of  court:  (252)  291-7500  population:  74,386 

North  Carolina  Senate 

A.B.  Swindell,  IV  ,  democrat  llth-Nash 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Joe  P  Tolson,  democrat  23rd-Edgecombe 

Jean  Farmer-Butterfield,  democrat  24th-Nash 

Wilson  County  was  named  m  honor  of  Louis  Dicken  Wilson,  long-time 
representative  from  Edgecombe  County  m  the  General  Assembly.  Wilson  served  as 
a  delegate  to  the  states  Constitutional  Convention  of  1835.  He  died  of  fever  near 
Vera  Cruz,  Mexico  while  serving  as  an  officer  in  the  U.S.  Army  during  the  Mexican 
War. 


945 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Yadkin 

Human  Resources  Bldg.,  Box  146,  Yadkinville,  27055 
ciTiedis.cornnierce.state.nc.us/outlook/yadkcp.pdf 

county  scat:  Yadkinville  jormcd:  1850 

clerk  of  court:  (336)  679-8838  populatwn:  30,488 

North  Carolina  Senate 

John  Garwood,  icpublican  30th-Wilkes 

North  Cai'olina  House  of  Representatives 

George  M.  Holmes,  republican  92nd-Yadkin 

Yadkin  County s  name  was  derived  from  the  Yadkin  River  which  runs  through  it. 

Yancey 

Courthouse,  Rm  1 1,  Bumsville,  287 14  wwwjnainjicus^ancey 

county  scat:  Burnsville  fornied:  1833 

clerk  of  court:  (828)  682-2122  population:  17,774 

North  Car  olina  Senate 

Joe  Sam  Queen,  democrat  47th-Buncombe 

North  Carolina  House  of  Representatives 

Phillip  D.  Frye,  republican  84th-Mitchell 

Raymond  C.  Rapp,  democrat  118th-Wake 

Yancey  County  was  named  in  honor  of  Bartlett  Yancey  a  long-time  member  of  the 
General  Assembly  in  the  early  19th  Century,  Speaker  of  the  North  Carolina  Senate ; 
and  member  of  the  U.S.  Congress.  Yancey  was  also  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of 
the  public  school  system  m  North  Carolina. 


946 


COUNTIES    AND   THEIR    GOVERNMENTS         CHAPTER    TWELVE 


947 


Elections  and  Voting  Records 

In  1966,  the  State  Board  of  Elections  began  publishing  statistical  data  on  voter 
registration  for  the  100  counties  in  North  CaroUna.  The  hrst  report,  released  in  July 
of  that  year,  showed  a  total  registration  of  1,933,763  voters:  1,540,499  Democrats 
and  344,700  Republicans.  The  report  also  indicated  that  1,653,796  white  voters  and 
281,134  non-white  voters  were  registered  to  vote.  Subsequent  reports  have  been 
issued  at  periodic  intervals,  usually  every  two  years,  following  the  close  of  the 
registration  books  for  each  voting  period. 

During  the  past  20  years,  there  has  been  a  steady  increase  in  voter  registration  in 
North  Carolina.  The  growth  in  the  voting  population  can  be  attributed  to  the  states 
increase  in  population  following  the  post-World  War  II  "baby  boom"  years.  The  passage 
of  Amendment  XXVI  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  organized  efforts  to 
encourage  non- white,  eligible  citizens  to  register  to  vote  may  have  also  played  a  role 
in  expanding  the  electorate.  The  amendment,  adopted  in  June,  1971,  extended  the 
right  to  vote  to  those  citizens  18-20  years  old.  It  did  not,  however,  produce  a  sudden, 
dramatic  increase  m  the  number  of  registered  voters.  Many  newly-eUgible  voters  did 
|not  immediately  exercise  their  new  right  by  registering.  The  1970  census  counted 
Inearly  400,000  people  between  the  ages  of  18  and  20  living  in  North  Carolina.  An 
iOctober,  1973,  report  by  the  State  Board  of  Elections  showed  that  only  130,813  in 
that  age  group  had  actually  registered.  Voter  registration  among  18-20  year-olds  in 
North  Carolina  has  improved  only  slightly  since  then. 

Better  results  appear  to  have  occurred  in  the  area  of  minority  voter  registration. 
Political  parties  and  leaders  in  the  minority  rights  movement  have  spent  much  time 
and  effort  encouraging  non-white  citizens  to  register  to  vote  since  1966.  In  October, 
1968,  records  indicated  there  were  326,487  non-white  registered  voters  in  North 
jCarolina.  Ten  years  later,  in  1978,  this  figure  had  increased  only  20  percent  to  393,327. 
|Since  then  voter  registration  among  minorities  has  grown.  The  State  Board  of  Elections 
counted  1,029,045  non-white  registered  voters  in  North  Carolina  in  April,  2000,  an 
increase  of  16.7%  since  1996  and  an  increase  of  162%  over  the  1978  figures.  An 
April,  2000,  statewide  voter  registration  report  released  by  the  North  Carolina  Board 
of  Elections  showed  a  total  registration  of  4,930,319  voters:  2,495,399  Democrats 
(50.6%  of  all  registered  voters),  1,671,571  Republicans  (33.9%),  5,627  Libertarians 
(0.1%)  and  757,722  unaffiliated  registrations  (15.4%). 

Voter  registration  is  a  function  of  the  county  Boards  of  Elections,  which  operate 
under  guideUnes  set  out  in  the  General  Statutes  of  North  Carolina.  Each  county  has 
its  own  board  and  citizens  are  registered  based  on  the  county  in  which  they  reside. 


p\ND  VOTING  RECORDS 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

I 

Periodically,  purges  o\  voter  registralion  tiles  are  conducted  m  accordance  with 
law  to  remoN'c  x'oters  who  have  not  exercised  their  right  to  vote  during  a  specified 
period  o^  time.  G.S.  163-69  states  that  "Any  voter  who  neither  voted  in  the  hrst  or 
the  second  ot  the  two  most  recent  consecutive  presidential  elections,  and  who  iailed 
to  N'ote  m  any  other  election  conducted  m  the  period  between  the  two  presidential 
elections  shall  be  purged. "  Removal  is  not,  however,  automatic.  Individuals  are  notified  j 
of  their  impending  removal  and  given  an  opportunity  to  keep  their  names  on  the 
books.  The  purge  process  ensures  accuracy  and  provides  a  means  of  keeping  the 
voter  registration  books  as  up  to  date  as  possible. 

HoM'  to  register 

In  order  to  register  to  vote  m  North  Carolina,  applicants  must  sign  a  \'oter 
declaration  attesting  that: 

They  aie  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

They  wdll  have  been  a  resident  of  Noith  Carolina  and  the  county  in  which 
they  are  registering  for  30  days  prior  to  the  next  election. 

They  will  be  at  least  1 8  yeai"s  old  by  the  time  the  next  general  election  is  held. 

They  are  not  cuiTently  registered  to  vote  and  will  not  vote  in  any  other 
county  or  state. 

They  have  had  their  rights  of  citizenship  restored  if  they  have  been 
convicted  of  a  felony. 

Numerous  agencies  throughout  the  state  —  including  the  North  Carolina  DiMsion 
of  Motor  Vehicles  drivers  license  offices  —  offer  voter  registration  programs.  Applicants 
may  register  to  vote  at  drix'ers  license  oftices  at  the  same  time  they  are  conducting; 
official  business  with  DMV,  such  as  applying  for  or  renewing  their  drivers  licenses. 
The  iollowmg  agencies  and  programs  offer  \'oter  registration  to  an\'one  applying  for; 
receiving  benehts  from  or  conducting  official  business  with  them:  i 

Aid  to  Families  with  Dependent  Children  (AFDC) 

Women,  Infants  and  Childien  (WIC) 

Food  Stamps 

Medicaid  i 

Services  for  the  Blind 

Mental  Health,  Developmental  Disabilities  and  Substance  Abuse  Services 

Vocational  Rehabilitation  ; 

Governor  s  Advocacy  Council  for  Pei-sons  with  Disabilities 

Employment  Security  Commission 


950 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 

Citizens  may  also  register  to  vote  in  North  Carolina  through  mail-in  forms.  The 
forms  are  self-explanatory  and  can  be  filled  out  quickly.  You  must  return  completed 
forms  to  the  Board  of  Elections  of  the  county  m  which  you  are  registering  to  vote.  All 
county  Boards  of  Elections  provide  the  mail-in  form  to  citizens  who  want  to  register 
to  vote.  Most  public  libraries  and  high  schools  throughout  the  state  also  have  copies 
of  the  mail-in  form  available  to  the  public. 

Residents  of  North  Carolina  can  register  to  vote  until  25  days  before  the  next 
election.  Forms  received  by  a  local  Board  of  Elections  or  postmarked  by  the  deadline 
are  accepted  as  valid  applications  for  the  upcoming  election.  Each  county  board 
notifies  applicants  of  their  precinct  and  polling  place  assignments. 

North  Carolina  will  accept  a  Federal  Voter  Registration  form  as  long  as  it  is  of 
card  stock  quality  Local  county  Boards  of  Elections  will  not  process  registration  forms 
downloaded  from  the  Internet  onto  regular  bond  paper.  Instead,  residents  will  receive 
a  mail-in  registration  form  printed  on  the  appropriate  card  stock.  Local  boards  will 
not  accept  a  photocopy  of  a  completed  registration  form  because  state  law  requires 
that  all  voter  registration  forms  have  an  original  signature  on  them. 

For  more  information,  call  your  local  county  Board  of  Elections.  You  can  also  call 
the  N.C.  Board  of  Elections  at  (919)  733-7173.  You  can  visit  the  boards  Web  site  at 
www.sboe.state.nc.us. 


951 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004  | 

I 
I 
I 

I 

The  North  Carolina  Electoral  College  I 

The  Electoral  College  originated  with  the  Constitutional  Convention  held  in  ; 
Philadelphia  during  the  summer  of  1787.  One  of  the  most  difhcult  tasks  facing 
delegates  to  the  convention  was  the  question  of  how  best  to  structure  the  federal  i 
executive  branch.  The  colonial  experience  of  a  single  powerful  executive  had  hardened 
many  Americans  against  allowing  one  chief  executive.  Delegates  deliberated  for  a  , 
long  time  before  agreeing  to  an  executive  headed  by  a  president.  They  also  carefully 
examined  how  presidents  would  be  selected.  The  delegates  had  to  consider  checks  ; 
and  balances  on  the  three  branches  of  government,  the  balance  of  power  between  the  ] 
large  and  small  states  and  the  role  of  the  citizens  in  the  democracy  they  were 
establishing. 

Five  basic  plans  were  suggested  and  debated.  They  tell,  one  by  one,  as  the  delegates 
debated  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  each.  A  plan  recommending  that  the  i 
governors  of  each  state  choose  the  president  was  rejected  because  large  states  felt  it  ^ 
gave  smaller  states  a  disproportionate  share  of  the  vote  in  the  selection  process.  Another 
idea  called  for  Congress  to  select  the  president.  This  plan  was  rejected  because  the 
delicate  system  of  checks  and  balances  might  be  destroyed  through  corruption.  A 
proposal  to  allow  the  state  legislatures  to  select  the  president  was  thrown  out  with 
litde  debate.  A  fourth  proposal  providing  for  the  direct  election  of  the  president  met 
with  resistance  from  the  delegates.  These  men  viewed  the  average  voter  as  uneducated 
and  uninformed.  Voters,  they  believed,  could  not  be  trusted  to  make  an  informed 
decision.  The  framers  of  the  Constitution  feared  voters  would  be  easily  manipulated 
by  candidates  or  might  just  vote  for  the  candidate  Irom  iheir  slate.  No  conclusive 
answer  to  these  concerns  seemed  possible. 

Finall)',  James  Wilson  proposed  a  plan  whereb)'  citizens  in  each  state  would  select 
a  special  group  of  people  called  electors,  who  would  then  vole  for  presideni.  11 
uninformed  citizens  selected  the  wrong  person,  then  electors,  in  their  wisdom,  could 
correct  the  mistake.  Although  the  electoral  college  system  was  a  bii  confusing,  the 
convention  delegates  were  confident  that  this  method  would  place  the  hnal  selection 
ol  a  president  in  the  hands  of  some  of  the  most  educated  and  knowledgeable  leaders 
in  the  nation. 

The  mechanics  of  the  electoral  college  arc  outlined  in  Article  II  of  the  Consiiluiion 
of  the  United  States.  Each  state  was  given  a  number  of  electors  equal  to  its  total 
number  of  senators  and  representatives  in  the  United  Stales  Congress.  State  legislatures 
m  each  state  were  given  the  power  to  determine  how  electors  would  be  chosen. 
Senators,  representatives  or  other  "Persons  holding  an  office  o\  irust  or  profit  under 
the  United  States"  could  not  be  electors.  Electors  were  lo  convene  in  their  state  to 
vote  for  two  people.  The  candidate  receiving  the  most  votes  would  become  president, 
while  the  candidate  with  the  second-highest  number  o\  voles  would  become  vice- 
president.  Electors  were  allowed  to  vote  for  only  one  candidate  from  their  own  slate. 
Each  state  sent  its  electoral  votes  to  the  Presideni  o\  the  Senate.  These  votes  were 
totaled  with  those  of  the  other  states  to  determine  the  winners. 

952 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 

The  Electoral  College  today 

Each  state  is  assigned  a  number  of  electors  equal  to  its  total  number  of  senators 
and  representatives  in  the  United  States  Congress.  There  are  538  electors  representing 
the  100  senators  and  435  representatives,  plus  three  for  the  District  of  Columbia.  A 
total  of  270  electoral  votes  is  needed  to  win  the  election.  If  no  candidate  receives  a 
majority,  the  United  States  House  of  Representatives  selects  the  president  and  the 
United  States  Senate  selects  the  vice-president. 

Selection  of  electors 

Today,  each  state  selects  its  electors  on  a  statewide  basis  except  for  Maine  and 
Nebraska,  where  two  electors  are  chosen  at-large  by  state-wide  popular  vote  and  the 
rest  are  selected  by  popular  vote  in  each  Congressional  district.  In  35  states,  including 
North  Carolina,  entire  slates  of  electors  are  nominated  by  party  conventions.  The 
state  political  committees  of  each  party  choose  slates  of  electors  in  five  states,  while 
Arizona  has  a  primar>'  for  presidential  elector.  Pennsylvania  calls  for  national  candidates 
from  each  party  to  select  25  people  to  serve  in  the  college.  Eight  other  states  use  a 
combination  of  these  methods. 

In  North  Carolina,  each  party  selects  its  15  electors  in  conventions.  Thirteen 
electors,  one  chosen  from  each  of  the  states  Congressional  districts  during  party 
district  conventions,  are  called  district  electors.  Two  others,  representing  the  United 
States  Senators,  are  selected  statewide  at  each  political  party's  state  convention  and 
are  called  the  at-large  electors. 

Ballots 

Voting  methods  have  undergone  many  changes  in  North  Carolina.  In  1796,  voters 
cast  their  ballots  at  the  courthouse  of  any  county  where  they  held  land  and  voted. 
From  1796  to  1808,  either  voice  voting  or  a  voter  signature  beneath  the  name  of  the 
nominee  was  used.  The  sheriff  in  each  county  was  responsible  for  conducting  the 
election.  Since  presidential  ballots  typically  carried  only  two  candidates,  there  were 
usually  no  problems  with  polling,  unless  a  sheriff  held  the  election  on  the  wrong  day 
as  happened  in  Montgomery  County  in  1804  and  in  Chatham  County  in  1808.  In 
both  cases,  the  winning  candidate  lost  the  district  election  when  that  county's  returns 
were  thrown  out. 

After  the  legislature  returned  to  choosing  electors  by  popular  vote  in  1816,  ballots 
became  much  more  complex.  Each  ballot  consisted  of  15  statewide  electoral  candidates 
per  party  To  cast  a  vote  for  a  candidate  for  president,  voters  had  to  select  all  15 
electoral  candidates  from  their  party 

Because  newspapers  owned  the  only  printing  presses  in  many  areas,  they  printed 
paper  ballots  used  in  the  elections.  The  newspapers  then  sold  the  ballots  to  county 
political  leaders.  These  party  leaders,  in  turn,  dispersed  ballots  to  those  voters  they 


953 


NORTH  CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004  j 

I 

thoughi  could  be  trusted  to  vote  for  the  party's  slate  of  electors.  Eventually, 
newspapers  began  printing  ballots  m  their  editorial  columns. 

When  the  Republicans  gained  control  of  the  state  m  1868,  they  recognized  the 
need  for  a  better  system  of  voting.  Most  whites  —  and  practically  all  of  North  Carolina's 
ncwlv-freed  blacks  —  could  not  read.  Many  were  tricked  into  voting  for  the 
Conservative  Party  ticket  m  the  state  elections  ot  April,  1868.  Alter  that  election,  the 
General  Assembly  required  parties  to  print  colored  ballots,  thus  allowing  illiterate 
voters  to  know  the  party  for  which  they  were  voting. 

A  major  problem  with  ballots  of  the  period  was  that  the  names  of  presidential 
candidates  from  each  party  did  not  appear  on  them.  In  1920,  Democrats  were  worried 
so  much  about  women  voting  for  their  candidate,  James  M.  Cox,  that  they  nominated 
Albert  L.  Cox  for  elector. 

The  General  Assembly  of  1929  passed  the  Australian  ballot.  This  ballot  is  still  in 
use  today  and  lists  the  nominees  of  each  party  Ballots  used  earlier  carried  only  the 
names  of  the  candidates  of  the  party  which  printed  them.  The  Socialist  and  Prohibition 
parties  could  not  retain  "ballot  status"  and  disappeared  from  North  Carolina's  elections 
after  1929.  The  names  of  electors  were  removed  the  ballot  in  1936.  Instead,  voters 
selected  "electors  pledged  to"  a  national  ticket.  Today,  these  words  have  also  been 
removed  and  only  the  names  of  each  presidential  nominee  appear  on  ballots. 

In  some  states,  the  names  of  electors  still  appear  on  the  ballot.  This  practice 
makes  voters  more  aware  that  they  are  \'oting  lor  electors  who  will  in  turn  vote  [or 
president  as  specihed  m  the  Constitution  o\  die  United  States.  Ballots  m  Arizona, 
Idaho,  Kansas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  New  York,  North  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  Rhode 
Island,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee  and  Virginia  hsi  the  electors. 

Weaknesses  in  the  Electoral  College  system 

Its  history  has  revealed  many  weaknesses  m  the  electoral  college  system.  0\'er 
500  proposals  (one  as  early  as  1797^  have  been  made  during  the  past  tw^o  centuries 
to  improve  the  electoral  system.  Only  one,  the  12ih  Amendment,  has  passed.  Many 
people  believe  the  electoral  college  system  is  undennKratic  because  it  violates  the 
principle  of  "one  man,  one-vote."  The  system  gives  smaller  states  a  larger  voice  m  the 
electoral  process  than  their  actual  population  would  otherwise  provide,  giving  more 
weight,  for  instance,  to  an  electoral  vote  from  Alaska  than  one  from  Calilornia.  This 
inequity  would  be  magnilied  if  electors  could  not  prox'ick^  the  necessary  number  o{ 
votes  to  elect  a  president.  The  12th  z-Xmendment  requires  the  U.S.  House  of 
Representatives  to  select  a  president  if  the  Electoral  College  cannot.  The  amendment 
allots  only  one  vote  per  state  when  a  president  is  selected  by  the  House  of 
Representatives,  nullifying  any  advantages  stales  with  large  populations  would 
otherwise  have  in  the  selection  process. 


954 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 

The  winner-take-all  theory  is  another  area  of  concern.  Regardless  of  whether  a 
candidate  carries  a  state  by  one  vote  or  one  million,  he  or  she  receives  all  of  that 
states  electoral  votes.  Votes  cast  for  any  minority  candidates  are  not  reflected  in  the 
make-up  of  the  electors  from  each  state. 

The  composition  of  the  Electoral  College  has  not  reflected  the  results  of  the  popular 
vote  in  two  recent  elections.  In  1984,  President  Reagan  received  98%  of  the  electoral 
votes  while  obtaining  only  58%  of  the  popular  votes  in  his  race  against  Democratic 
candidate  Walter  Mondale.  In  1988,  Vice  President  George  Bush  won  79%  of  the 
electoral  votes  but  received  only  54%  of  the  popular  votes. 

A  third  area  of  concern  rests  with  the  electors  themselves.  In  a  majority  of  the 
states,  they  are  not  bound  to  vote  for  the  candidate  who  carries  their  state.  Since 
1848,  there  have  been  six  "faithless  electors"  (a  term  commonly  used  by  those  states 
with  laws  that  punish  electors  who  do  not  vote  for  the  candidates  to  whom  they  are 
committed)  who  did  not  vote  for  their  party's  nominee. 

Twenty-one  states  and  the  District  of  Columbia  have  taken  legislative  action  to 
make  sure  this  will  not  happen  in  their  states.  Fifteen  states  including  Alaska,  Colorado, 
Connecticut,  Hawaii,  Maine,  Maryland,  Nevada,  New  Mexico,  North  Carolina,  Ohio, 
Oklahoma,  Vermont,  Virginia,  Washington,  Wyoming  and  the  District  of  Columbia 
require  their  electors  to  vote  according  to  the  popular  vote  in  their  state.  Failure  to  do 
so  results  in  fines  m  some  states,  including  North  Carolina.  California,  Tennessee 
and  Wisconsin  require  electors  to  vote  for  the  winner  in  their  state  if  he  is  living. 
Massachusetts  and  Oregon  require  their  electors  to  make  a  pledge  of  support  for  the 
candidate  they  represent.  South  Carolina,  however,  provides  for  the  unbinding  of  its 
electors  if  it  deems  it  necessar)' 

Finally,  the  system  always  faces  the  inherent  possibility  that  a  nominee  could  win 
a  majority  of  the  electoral  votes  without  a  majority  of  the  popular  votes.  Grover 
Cleveland  lost  the  presidency  m  1888  when  he  failed  to  carry  the  electoral  college 
after  winning  the  popular  vote.  Cleveland  received  48.7%  of  the  popular  votes  to 
47.9%  for  his  opponent,  Benjamin  Harrison,  but  lost  in  the  electoral  college  by  a 
vote  of  233  to  168.  John  Quincy  Adams  was  selected  over  Andrew  Jackson  by  vote  in 
the  United  States  House  in  1824.  Rutherford  B.  Hayes  won  m  1876  after  a  special 
electoral  commission  decided  the  election  in  his  favor,  despite  the  fact  that  Samuel 
Tilden  had  received  51%  of  the  popular  vote. 

While  small  states  have  a  disproportionate  share  of  the  electoral  vote,  a  few  large 
states  can  also  control  the  election  of  the  President.  If  a  Presidential  candidate  wins  in 
the  11  most  heavily-populated  states,  including  North  Carolina,  he  or  she  would 
have  267  electoral  votes,  only  three  less  than  the  number  required  for  election.  It  is 
possible  for  a  candidate  to  win  in  only  12  states  and  become  President  while,  at  the 
same  time,  being  rejected  by  the  voters  of  the  other  38  states  and  the  District  of 
Columbia. 


955 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.S.  Senate 


Richard 

John  Ross 

Albert  Lee 

county 

Burr 

Hendrix 

Wiley,  Jr. 

ALAMANCE 

4,813 

182 

129 

ALEXANDER 

1,950 

155 

70 

ALLEGHANY 

569 

20 

9 

ANSON 

266 

18 

6 

ASHE 

1,433 

53 

23 

AVERY 

1,623 

299 

114 

BEAUFORT 

2,765 

466 

180 

BERTIE 

131 

14 

9 

BLADEN 

356 

27 

24 

BRUNSWICK 

2,442 

386 

243 

BUNCOMBE 

4,339 

710 

408 

BURKE 

3,303 

256 

138 

CABARRUS 

4,857 

490 

219 

CALDWELL 

3,971 

357 

147 

CAMDEN 

130 

24 

10 

CARTERET 

3.536 

354 

259 

CASWELL 

454 

21 

11 

CATAWBA 

10,170 

1,238 

557 

CHATHAM 

2,060 

160 

133 

CHEROKEE 

337 

174 

56 

CHOWAN 

195 

11 

9 

CLAY 

288 

192 

77 

CLEVELAND 

2,122 

357 

95 

COLUMBUS 

671 

82 

36 

CRAVEN 

3,458 

296 

216 

CUMBERLAND 

4,788 

580 

227 

CURRITUCK 

226 

66 

35 

DARE 

624 

158 

110 

956 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.S.  Senate 


Richard 

John  Ross 

Albert  Lee 

county 

Burr 

Hendrix 

Wiley,  Jr. 

DAVIDSON 

6,181 

284 

154 

DAVIE 

4,925 

232 

101 

DUPLIN 

867 

84 

41 

DURHAM 

4,661 

545 

327 

EDGECOMBE 

534 

43 

18 

FORSYTH 

22,961 

539 

282 

FRANKLIN 

1,583 

125 

61 

GASTON 

4,875 

432 

230 

GATES 

56 

21 

14 

GRAHAM 

367 

52 

23 

GRANVILLE 

1,050 

66 

47 

GREENE 

216 

16 

11 

GUILFORD 

19,198 

863 

689 

HALIFAX 

486 

36 

22 

HARNETT 

2,590 

202 

129 

HAYWOOD 

942 

225 

99 

HENDERSON 

4,771 

1,371 

800 

HERTFORD 

173 

20 

10 

HOKE 

339 

40 

14 

HYDE 

72 

7 

9 

IREDELL 

6,617 

673 

239 

JACKSON 

533 

108 

50 

JOHNSTON 

4,255 

251 

209 

JONES 

180 

24 

16 

LEE 

1,638 

112 

83 

LENOIR 

1,448 

137 

84 

LINCOLN 

3,348 

476 

184 

MACON 

1,045 

221 

131 

957 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.S.  Senate 


Richard 

John  Ross 

Albert  Lee 

county 

Burr 

Hendrix 

Wiley,  Jr. 

MADISON 

412 

44 

36 

MARTIN 

431 

39 

21 

MCDOWELL 

1.228 

277 

148 

MECKLENBURG 

20.011 

1,808 

876 

MITCHELL 

1.599 

504 

234 

MONTGOMERY 

1,025 

79 

38 

MOORE 

6.965 

443 

427 

NASH 

2,355 

119 

79 

NEW  HANOVER 

7,412 

892 

625 

NORTHAMPTON 

188 

20 

12 

ONSLOW 

3,466 

487 

293 

ORANGE 

2,794 

248 

234 

PAMLICO 

384 

40 

33 

PASQUOTANK 

356 

52 

38 

PENDER 

1,486 

242 

185 

PERQUIMANS 

217 

25 

20 

PERSON 

1.796 

94 

64 

PITT 

2,719 

214 

99 

POLK 

787 

280 

129 

RANDOLPH 

6,760 

374 

204 

RICHMOND 

463 

30 

30 

ROBESON 

760 

110 

52 

ROCKINGHAM 

3,174 

92 

42 

ROWAN 

4,788 

565 

247 

RUTHERFORD 

1,415 

251 

118 

SAMPSON 

1,732 

96 

68 

SCOTLAND 

361 

50 

22 

STANLY 

2,875 

181 

125 

958 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.S.  Senate 


Richard 

John  Ross 

Albert  Lee 

county 

Burr 

Hendrix 

Wiley,  Jr. 

STOKES 

3,717 

90 

31 

SURRY 

3,105 

85 

44 

SWAIN 

187 

29 

18 

TRANSYLVANIA 

1,345 

209 

124 

TYRRELL 

46 

6 

4 

UNION 

6,702 

703 

343 

VANCE 

424 

31 

16 

WAKE 

31,606 

2,024 

2,021 

WARREN 

310 

24 

16 

WASHINGTON 

162 

18 

7 

WATAUGA 

2,658 

117 

52 

WAYNE 

2,475 

144 

116 

WILKES 

6,275 

348 

174 

WILSON 

1,403 

72 

58 

YADKIN 

4,893 

174 

119 

YANCEY 

724 

132 

74 

total  302,319  25,971        15,585 


959 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Democratic  Primary  for  U.  S.  House 
1  '^  Congressional  District 


G.K. 

Samuel  S. 

Christine  L. 

county 

Butterfield 

Davis,  III 

Finch 

BEAUFORT 

1,305 

148 

138 

BERTIE 

2,457 

551 

397 

CHOWAN 

504 

147 

40 

CRAVEN 

1,140 

121 

134 

EDGECOMBE 

4,746 

401 

334 

GATES 

851 

154 

48 

GRANVILLE 

1,259 

250 

188 

GREENE 

1,144 

323 

243 

HALIFAX 

4,344 

815 

271 

HERTFORD 

1,963 

357 

273 

JONES 

686 

82 

43 

LENOIR 

2,202 

129 

147 

MARTIN 

2,430 

681 

249 

NASH 

593 

52 

46 

NORTHAMPTON 

2,770 

544 

177 

PASQUOTANK 

1,669 

865 

169 

PERQUIMANS 

638 

211 

54 

PITT 

2,907 

366 

342 

VANCE 

2,388 

335 

163 

WARREN 

2,110 

651 

107 

WASHINGTON 

1,345 

233 

87 

WAYNE 

1,982 

128 

197 

WILSON 

1,824 

57 

430 

total  43,257  7,577  4,301 


960 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Donald 

Darryl 

Davis 

Smith  (D) 

101 

54 

184 

62 

20 

6 

98 

52 

371 

148 

48 

31 

159 

185 

284 

85 

271 

146 

185 

79 

33 

26 

99 

361 

226 

105 

32 

11 

149 

66 

89 

80 

26 

17 

230 

194 

173 

87 

187 

96 

80 

43 

149 

80 

89 

97 

3,296 

2,111 

961 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Republican  Primaryfor  U.S.  House 
VXongressional  District 


county 

Greg 
Dority 

Jerry  N. 
Williford 

BEAUFORT 

700 

86 

BERTIE 

108 

39 

CHOWAN 

156 

28 

CRAVEN 

585 

264 

EDGECOMBE 

502 

86 

GATES 

74 

18 

GRANVILLE 

146 

73 

GREENE 

156 

28 

HALIFAX 

461 

91 

HERTFORD 

603 

62 

JONES 

102 

50 

LENOIR 

349 

115 

MARTIN 

424 

73 

NASH 

180 

30 

NORTHAMPTON 

164 

49 

PASQUOTANK 

384 

71 

PERQUIMANS 

235 

38 

PITT 

595 

112 

VANCE 

238 

92 

WARREN 

229 

98 

WASHINGTON 

173 

23 

WAYNE 

824 

120 

WILSON 

211 

76 

total  7,526  1,795 


962 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.S.  House 
2"''  Congressional  District 


Billy  J. 

Rpbert 

county 

Creech 

Rogan 

CHATHAM 

696 

351 

CUMBERLAND 

568 

342 

FRANKLIN 

1,401 

313 

HARNETT 

2,230 

518 

JOHNSTON 

4,131 

605 

LEE 

1,093 

492 

NASH 

848 

185 

SAMPSON 

552 

132 

VANCE 

109 

23 

WAKE 

1,262 

316 

total 

12,890 

3,277 

963 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Republican  Primaryfor  U.S.  House 
4^^  Congressional  District 


Todd  A. 

Robert  E. 

James  C. 

Howard 

county 

Batchelor 

Whitfield 

Powers 

Mason 

CHATHAM 

440 

299 

115 

124 

DURHAM 

1,704 

2,304 

513 

431 

ORANGE 

1,123 

1,002 

348 

392 

WAKE 

8,264 

4,349 

2,140 

1,840 

total  11,531  7,954  3,116  2,787 


964 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  U.S.  House 
5^^  Congressional  District 


Jim  A. 

Roger  N. 

Andrew 

county 

Harrell,  Jr. 

Kirkman 

Winfrey 

ALEXANDER 

650 

151 

112 

ALLEGHANY 

757 

50 

34 

ASHE 

827 

149 

130 

DAVIE 

707 

227 

183 

FORSYTH 

5,441 

1,205 

910 

IREDELL 

1,402 

606 

272 

ROCKINGHAM 

186 

129 

68 

STOKES 

1,290 

328 

267 

SURRY 

2,851 

252 

155 

WATAUGA 

861 

249 

148 

WILKES 

1,664 

340 

197 

YADKIN 

845 

98 

98 

total  17,481  3J84  2,574 


965 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.  S.  House 
5^^  Congressional  District 


Vernon  L. 

Virginia 

Ed 

Jay 

county 

Robinson 

Foxx 

Broyhill 

Helvey 

ALEXANDER 

561 

221 

711 

81 

ALLEGHANY 

76 

301 

155 

34 

ASHE 

182 

895 

264 

90 

DAVIE 

1,348 

1,418 

1,301 

1,008 

FORSYTH 

6,029 

3,186 

3,462 

4,347 

IREDELL 

1,363 

600 

1,590 

362 

ROCKINGHAM 

138 

158 

97 

30 

STOKES 

1,040 

786 

932 

290 

SURRY 

704 

1,037 

763 

283 

WATAUGA 

318 

1,713 

552 

169 

WILKES 

888 

1,847 

1,527 

1,034 

YADKIN 

1,181 

957 

1,254 

789 

total  13,824  13,119        12,608  8,517 


966 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Nathan  Joseph  H.  Edward  L  David  S. 


Tabor 

Byrd 

Powell 

Vanhoy 

618 

44 

30 

14 

34 

9 

5 

6 

85 

37 

5 

3 

524 

61 

149 

88 

2,643 

130 

540 

170 

452 

62 

47 

58 

74 

5 

7 

5 

708 

43 

45 

21 

458 

29 

53 

24 

217 

28 

5 

11 

848 

952 

25 

38 

999 

57 

58 

35 

7,660  1,457  969  473 


967 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Democratic  Primary  for  U.S.  House 
6^*"  Congressional  District 


William  W. 

Rick 

county 

Jordan 

Miller 

ALAMANCE 

1,942 

1,240 

DAVIDSON 

1,082 

510 

GUILFORD 

4,998 

2,465 

MOORE 

1,633 

627 

RANDOLPH 

1,347 

560 

ROWAN 

869 

591 

total  11,871  5,993 

2004  Democratic  Primary  for  U.S.  House 
8^^  Congressional  District 


Beth 

Mark 

county 

Troutman 

Oritz 

ANSON 

2,242 

945 

CABARRUS 

2,448 

759 

CUMBERLAND 

3,734 

1,499 

HOKE 

1,345 

624 

MECKLENBURG 

2,124 

914 

MONTGOMERY 

1,257 

529 

RICHMOND 

2,296 

776 

SCOTLAND 

1,522 

548 

STANLY 

1,433 

479 

UNION 

1,437 

442 

total  19,838  7,515 


968 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  U.S.  House 


1  «^       '^■^i^l  1^1  ^l^w 

Anne  N. 

John  F. 

county 

Fischer 

Cole 

AVERY 

91 

77 

BURKE 

1,433 

1,270 

CALDWELL 

1,031 

999 

CATAWBA 

1,853 

1,579 

CLEVELAND 

1,874 

2,079 

GASTON 

207 

222 

IREDELL 

526 

487 

LINCOLN 

859 

839 

MITCHELL 

84 

60 

RUTHERFORD 

580 

728 

total  8,538  8,340 

2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.  S.  House 
lO^*"  Congressional  District 


county 

David 
Huffman 

Patricl< 
McHenry 

Sandy 
Lyons 

George  A. 
Moretz 

AVERY 

1,101 

568 

641 

235 

BURKE 

1,648 

1,174 

720 

705 

CALDWELL 

1,750 

1,074 

1,036 

866 

CATAWBA 

5,898 

2,373 

2,016 

3,471 

CLEVELAND 

398 

1,077 

735 

526 

GASTON 

100 

566 

129 

137 

IREDELL 

761 

1,193 

989 

595 

LINCOLN 

1,147 

1,214 

1,012 

1,009 

MITCHELL 

1,289 

1,059 

541 

142 

RUTHERFORD 

188 

462 

181 

126 

total  14,280  10,760  8,000  7,812 


969 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Democratic  Primary  for  U.S.  House 
1 V^  Congressional  District 


Patsy 

Clyde  Michael 

county 

Keever 

Morgan 

BUNCOMBE 

10,650 

1,640 

CHEROKEE 

504 

140 

CLAY 

445 

150 

GRAHAM 

320 

83 

HAYWOOD 

3,306 

988 

HENDERSON 

1,825 

443 

JACKSON 

1,658 

337 

MACON 

954 

262 

MADISON 

1,257 

255 

MCDOWELL 

1,107 

450 

POLK 

614 

139 

RUTHERFORD 

771 

343 

SWAIN 

361 

117 

TRANSYLVANIA 

1,553 

298 

YANCEY 

1,080 

327 

total  26,385  5,972 


970 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  U.S.  House 
12^''  Congressional  District 


Mel 

Kimberly 

county 

Watt 

Holley 

CABARRUS 

75 

51 

DAVIDSON 

1,525 

588 

FORSYTH 

5,062 

824 

GUILFORD 

5,540 

1,334 

MECKLENBURG 

10,475 

893 

ROWAN 

1,697 

551 

total  24,374  4,241 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  U.S.  House 
13^^  Congressional  District 


Virginia 

Graham 

county 

Johnson 

Boyd 

ALAMANCE 

347 

203 

CASWELL 

293 

183 

GRANVILLE 

475 

456 

GUILFORD 

2,021 

1,280 

PERSON 

1,030 

842 

ROCKINGHAM 

1,979 

722 

WAKE 

7,499 

7,272 

total 

13,644 

10,958 

971 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Republican  Second  Primary  for  U.  S.  House 
5^^  Congressional  District 


Virginia 

Vernon  L. 

county 

Foxx 

Robinson 

ALEXANDER 

512 

759 

ALLEGHANY 

427 

152 

ASHE 

1,192 

261 

DAVIE 

2,272 

1,723 

FORSYTH 

8,334 

8,372 

IREDELL 

1,042 

1,481 

ROCKINGHAM 

121 

191 

STOKES 

1,292 

1,397 

SURRY 

1,575 

1,045 

WATAUGA 

2,321 

555 

WILKES 

2,277 

1,590 

YADKIN 

1,727 

1,675 

total  23,092  19,201 


972 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Republican  Second  Primary  for  U.  S.  House 
lO**"  Congressional  District 


Patrick 

David 

county 

McHenry 

Huffman 

AVERY 

981 

728 

BURKE 

1,440 

1,679 

CALDWELL 

1,528 

1,576 

CATAWBA 

5,248 

7,595 

CLEVELAND 

1,520 

399 

GASTON 

693 

103 

IREDELL 

1,105 

490 

LINCOLN 

1,486 

1,189 

MITCHELL 

782 

822 

RUTHERFORD 

485 

96 

total  15,015  14,930 


973 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  Governor 


Mike 

Rickey 

county 

Easley 

Kipfer 

ALAMANCE 

4,279 

1,069 

ALEXANDER 

828 

149 

ALLEGHANY 

734 

128 

ANSON 

2,958 

612 

ASHE 

1,078 

165 

AVERY 

158 

37 

BEAUFORT 

4,191 

1,011 

BERTIE 

3,191 

455 

BLADEN 

3,811 

707 

BRUNSWICK 

4,577 

667 

BUNCOMBE 

10,170 

1,764 

BURKE 

2,294 

582 

CABARRUS 

2,803 

606 

CALDWELL 

1,781 

441 

CAMDEN 

708 

100 

CARTERET 

2,418 

465 

CASWELL 

2,421 

500 

CATAWBA 

3,181 

522 

CHATHAM 

6,383 

1,033 

CHEROKEE 

587 

84 

CHOWAN 

475 

55 

CLAY 

538 

83 

CLEVELAND 

3,835 

848 

COLUMBUS 

6,614 

1,635 

CRAVEN 

3,654 

805 

CUMBERLAND 

12,757 

2,221 

CURRITUCK 

1,116 

224 

DARE 

2,225 

295 

974 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  Governor 


Mike 

Rickey 

county 

Easley 

Kipfer 

DAVIDSON 

3,292 

630 

DAVIE 

1,023 

235 

DUPLIN 

3,288 

629 

DURHAM 

20,773 

1,901 

EDGECOMBE 

5,470 

537 

FORSYTH 

11,882 

2,008 

FRANKLIN 

3,567 

648 

GASTON 

2,780 

645 

GATES 

1,043 

139 

GRAHAM 

365 

79 

GRANVILLE 

5,053 

908 

GREENE 

1,534 

437 

GUILFORD 

18,236 

2,961 

HALIFAX 

5,320 

690 

HARNETT 

3,465 

966 

HAYWOOD 

3,858 

763 

HENDERSON 

2,049 

317 

HERTFORD 

2,620 

271 

HOKE 

1,981 

344 

HYDE 

625 

190 

IREDELL 

3,016 

694 

JACKSON 

1,710 

354 

JOHNSTON 

3,107 

851 

JONES 

903 

168 

LEE 

3,205 

664 

LENOIR 

4,530 

1,242 

LINCOLN 

1,613 

271 

MACON 

1,093 

166 

975 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  Governor 


Mike 

Rickey 

county 

Easley 

Kipfer 

MADISON 

1,305 

262 

MARTIN 

3,433 

480 

MCDOWELL 

1,423 

335 

MECKLENBURG 

22,068 

2,278 

MITCHELL 

157 

12 

MONTGOMERY 

1,595 

435 

MOORE 

2,400 

346 

NASH 

3,542 

526 

NEW  HANOVER 

6,719 

691 

NORTHAMPTON 

3,388 

475 

ONSLOW 

3,288 

920 

ORANGE 

12,889 

1,347 

PAMLICO 

812 

177 

PASQUOTANK 

2,412 

342 

PENDER 

1,606 

268 

PERQUIMANS 

815 

104 

PERSON 

4,298 

847 

PITT 

7,778 

1,282 

POLK 

695 

89 

RANDOLPH 

1,715 

467 

RICHMOND 

2,729 

735 

ROBESON 

8,587 

1,373 

ROCKINGHAM 

3,914 

1,170 

ROWAN 

3,066 

851 

RUTHERFORD 

2.113 

534 

SAMPSON 

2,217 

276 

SCOTLAND 

2,535 

564 

STANLY 

1,614 

311 

976 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  Governor 


Mike 

Rickey 

county 

Easley 

Kipfer. 

STOKES 

1,689 

324 

SURRY 

2,635 

629 

SWAIN 

429 

88 

TRANSYLVANIA 

1,535 

301 

TYRRELL 

326 

102 

UNION 

4,906 

870 

VANCE 

3,776 

605 

WAKE 

31,146 

4,272 

WARREN 

2,634 

552 

WASHINGTON 

1,368 

474 

WATAUGA 

1,209 

175 

WAYNE 

3,866 

859 

WILKES 

2,022 

399 

WILSON 

3,550 

515 

YADKIN 

871 

194 

YANCEY 

1,257 

234 

total 

379,498 

65,061 

977 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  Governor 


Patrick  J. 

Richard 

Bill 

county 

Ballantine 

Vinroot 

Cobey 

ALAMANCE 

1,106 

1,372 

2,326 

ALEXANDER 

686 

846 

422 

ALLEGHANY 

180 

189 

167 

ANSON 

54 

108 

50 

ASHE 

282 

649 

338 

AVERY 

526 

1,100 

374 

BEAUFORT 

1,271 

922 

971 

BERTIE 

69 

30 

32 

BLADEN 

232 

75 

79 

BRUNSWICK 

2,489 

329 

297 

BUNCOMBE 

806 

2,138 

2,218 

BURKE 

1,513 

1,634 

451 

CABARRUS 

1,501 

2,589 

1,152 

CALDWELL 

1,630 

1,734 

718 

CAMDEN 

55 

50 

24 

CARTERET 

2,188 

961 

834 

CASWELL 

134 

141 

172 

CATAWBA 

3,600 

5,890 

2,129 

CHATHAM 

653 

631 

954 

CHEROKEE 

220 

148 

77 

CHOWAN 

80 

66 

66 

CLAY 

136 

152 

80 

CLEVELAND 

744 

1,281 

410 

COLUMBUS 

515 

186 

82 

CRAVEN 

1,385 

1,003 

1,037 

CUMBERLAND 

1,573 

1,597 

2,198 

CURRITUCK 

123 

69 

71 

DARE 

297 

246 

209 

978 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS 


CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Dan 
Barrett 

Fern  H. 
Shubert 

Geroge  W. 
Little 

194 

137 

84 

166 

40 

80 

23 

10 

20 

17 

48 

17 

68 

68 

54 

111 

109 

135 

213 

143 

101 

15 

6 

8 

15 

6 

12 

99 

68 

73 

294 

343 

96 

335 

116 

94 

217 

357 

169 

233 

146 

143 

11 

7 

18 

175 

100 

100 

21 

21 

10 

677 

423 

516 

102 

98 

91 

93 

31 

31 

12 

16 

13 

121 

57 

57 

66 

179 

69 

26 

13 

19 

405 

150 

88 

156 

107 

168 

39 

11 

22 

75 

54 

64 

979 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Republican  Primary  for  Governor 


Patrick  J. 

Richard 

Bill 

county 

Ballantine 

Vinroot 

Cobey 

DAVIDSON 

1,997 

1,948 

2,180 

DAVIE 

676 

991 

974 

DUPLIN 

576 

168 

204 

DURHAM 

1,409 

1,429 

2,570 

EDGECOMBE 

180 

147 

216 

FORSYTH 

5,449 

8,053 

6,478 

FRANKLIN 

612 

379 

677 

GASTON 

1,698 

2,571 

1,162 

GATES 

26 

11 

23 

GRAHAM 

67 

111 

279 

GRANVILLE 

406 

293 

414 

GREENE 

71 

48 

109 

GUILFORD 

5.605 

6.111 

7,692 

HALIFAX 

178 

131 

206 

HARNETT 

892 

669 

1,206 

HAYWOOD 

291 

376 

535 

HENDERSON 

2,022 

3,107 

2,156 

HERTFORD 

63 

60 

39 

HOKE 

130 

109 

99 

HYDE 

39 

23 

20 

IREDELL 

2,325 

3,343 

1,342 

JACKSON 

143 

209 

314 

JOHNSTON 

1,645 

933 

1,929 

JONES 

90 

59 

54 

LEE 

572 

565 

631 

LENOIR 

585 

367 

622 

LINCOLN 

1,499 

1,939 

422 

MACON 

531 

510 

318 

980 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Dan 
Barrett 

Fern  H. 
Shubert 

George  W. 
Little 

450 

106 

180 

2,960 

89 

100 

40 

27 

24 

212 

204 

178 

32 

19 

32 

2,082 

436 

864 

64 

51 

49 

157 

295 

96 

12 

7 

14 

17 

10 

10 

47 

21 

31 

10 

3 

7 

885 

441 

456 

23 

8 

22 

84 

66 

115 

60 

103 

40 

364 

311 

215 

20 

10 

10 

18 

9 

30 

7 

0 

4 

466 

298 

256 

44 

32 

24 

152 

132 

138 

18 

8 

3 

55 

41 

105 

76 

28 

53 

199 

167 

88 

112 

62 

29 

981 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  Republican  Primary  for  Governor 


Patrick  J. 

Richard 

Bill 

county 

Ballantine 

Vinroot 

Cobey 

MADISON 

82 

112 

291 

MARTIN 

184 

118 

138 

MCDOWELL 

275 

480 

789 

MECKLENBURG 

6,351 

11,472 

4,501 

MITCHELL 

796 

1,017 

725 

MONTGOMERY 

424 

289 

323 

MOORE 

1,553 

1,687 

1,919 

NASH 

881 

549 

983 

NEW  HANOVER 

9,082 

664 

532 

NORTHAMPTON 

74 

52 

71 

ONSLOW 

2,308 

1,109 

717 

ORANGE 

881 

878 

1,453 

PAMLICO 

184 

94 

145 

PASQUOTANK 

101 

150 

103 

PENDER 

1,835 

148 

87 

PERQUIMANS 

74 

91 

41 

PERSON 

501 

573 

725 

PITT 

1,368 

614 

1,019 

POLK 

492 

336 

347 

RANDOLPH 

2,623 

1,358 

3,034 

RICHMOND 

102 

243 

117 

ROBESON 

446 

264 

172 

ROCKINGHAM 

1,166 

827 

1,006 

ROWAN 

1,528 

2,438 

1,236 

RUTHERFORD 

362 

550 

762 

SAMPSON 

767 

408 

676 

SCOTLAND 

114 

94 

92 

STANLY 

872 

1,351 

529 

982 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Dan 
Barrett 

Fern  H. 
Shubert 

George  W. 
Little 

19 

26 

14 

28 

17 

14 

205 

38 

49 

558 

1,641 

381 

112 

114 

75 

32 

34 

59 

150 

106 

3,301 

53 

51 

100 

81 

100 

99 

13 

8 

13 

271 

109 

150 

133 

128 

103 

22 

11 

10 

24 

28 

49 

19 

26 

22 

24 

18 

8 

82 

35 

69 

126 

138 

48 

66 

92 

70 

208 

190 

159 

30 

25 

41 

32 

15 

41 

154 

53 

60 

467 

250 

173 

82 

62 

38 

42 

36 

78 

142 

14 

28 

109 

229 

238 

983 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  Governor 


county 

Patrick  J. 
Ballantine 

Richard 
Vinroot 

Bill 
Cobey 

STOKES 

849 

1,102 

1,229 

SURRY 

888 

1.020 

953 

SWAIN 

48 

52 

116 

TRANSYLVANIA 

371 

531 

582 

TYRRELL 

24 

9 

10 

UNION 

1,701 

2,515 

1,371 

VANCE 

165 

129 

166 

WAKE 

11,945 

8,128 

13,871 

WARREN 

115 

82 

135 

WASHINGTON 

64 

43 

63 

WATAUGA 

886 

1,091 

472 

WAYNE 

722 

566 

1.211 

WILKES 

1.731 

2,755 

1.534 

WILSON 

711 

273 

519 

YADKIN 

1,077 

1,702 

1,551 

YANCEY 

334 

301 

316 

total  110,726         109,217        97,461 


984 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Dan 
Barrett 

Fern  H. 
Shubert 

George  W. 
Little 

369 

90 

111 

175 

54 

114 

10 

4 

5 

183 

73 

43 

8 

3 

1 

133 

3,024 

111 

11 

12 

14 

1,008 

1,226 

1,358 

11 

11 

10 

6 

26 

4 

78 

98 

195 

247 

65 

47 

318 

139 

164 

46 

25 

36 

535 

122 

219 

30 

31 

27 

19,097  14,445        13,474 


985 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  Republican  Primary  Election  for  Lieutenant  Governor 

Jim  Timothy  Thomas 

Synder  Cook  Stith 

total  153,338  81,064        65,660 


2004  Republican  Primary  Election  for  Attorney  General 

Joe  Thom         Wendell  H. 

Knott  Goolsby  Sawyer 

total  127,065         116,874        63,803 


2004  Republican  Primary  Election  for  State  Auditor 

Leslie  Jasper  N. 

Merritt  Albright 

total  190,408  94,512 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 

Britt  Tom 

Cobb  Gilmore 

total  206,816         195,471 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  Commissioner  of  Insurance 

C.Robert  Cindy  C. 

Brawley  Huntsberry 

total  166,919         120,710 


2004  Republican  Primary  for  State  Labor  Commissioner 

Cherie  Lloyd  T. 

Berry  Funhderburk 

total  194,723         106,841 


986 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  Democratic  Primary  for  Secretary  of  State 

Elaine  F.  Doris  A. 

Marshall  Sanders 

total  327,848  78,953 

2004  Democratic  Primary  for  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction 

Marshall  June  S.  J.B. 

Stewart  Atkinson  Buxton 

total  135,348         132,041      117,274 

2004  Republican  Primary  for  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction 

Bill  Jeanne  J. 

Fletcher  Smoot 

total  174,903         120,960 


987 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


North  Carolina  Voter  Registration  -  December  2004 


County 

Democrats 

Republicans 

Libertarians 

unaffiliated 

White 

ALAMANCE 

37,436 

28,967 

129 

13,975 

64,245 

ALEXANDER 

9,369 

11,211 

27 

4,006 

23,258 

ALLEGHANY 

3,602 

2,101 

6 

861 

6,458 

ANSON 

11,606 

2,253 

16 

1,526 

8,315 

ASHE 

7,417 

8,320 

36 

2,890 

18,442 

AVERY 

1,641 

7,806 

20 

2,271 

11,605 

BEAUFORT 

17,073 

9,434 

62 

4,076 

22,317 

BERTIE 

12,121 

1,420 

10 

1,018 

5,661 

BLADEN 

15,104 

3,011 

20 

2,666 

13,023 

BRUNSWICK 

25,643 

22,785 

87 

11,922 

53,189 

BUNCOMBE 

69,710 

48,971 

614 

34,615 

140,848 

BURKE 

22,853 

20,158 

128 

10,376 

49,489 

CABARRUS 

35,328 

41,519 

189 

18,987 

82,073 

CALDWELL 

17,397 

22,788 

99 

8,234 

45,412 

CAMDEN 

3,311 

1,513 

12 

1,440 

5,167 

CARTERET 

16,545 

18,630 

92 

9,743 

42,113 

CASWELL 

9,593 

2,862 

12 

1,995 

8,991 

CATAWBA 

33,177 

48,260 

297 

19,892 

91,668 

CHATHAM 

19,201 

10,491 

104 

7,038 

30,172 

CHEROKEE 

8,186 

8,478 

47 

3,405 

19,626 

CHOWAN 

5,795 

2,223 

18 

1,2  38 

6,370 

CLAY 

2,896 

3,301 

21 

1,596 

7,758 

CLEVELAND 

30,572 

18,271 

122 

8,251 

45,034 

COLUMBUS 

26,342 

5,958 

34 

5,270 

25,129 

CRAVEN 

27,234 

21,460 

112 

1 1 ,467 

45,198 

CUMBERLAND 

91,318 

50,550 

465 

37,304 

100,488 

CURRITUCK 

5,874 

4,560 

39 

4,275 

13,543 

DARE 

10,062 

7,592 

67 

6,130 

23,044 

988 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS 


CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Black 

Am.  Indian 

Hispanic 

male 

female 

totals 

14,596 

118 

313 

35,830 

44,528 

80,507 

1,118 

20 

64 

11,542 

13,062 

24,613 

69 

10 

8 

3,083 

3,482 

6,570 

6,929 

31 

23 

6,747 

8,613 

15,401 

96 

10 

17 

8,752 

9,889 

18,663 

41 

14 

13 

5,616 

6,100 

11,738 

8,043 

22 

39 

13,584 

16,930 

30,645 

8,752 

18 

12 

6,069 

8,423 

14,569 

7,317 

242 

39 

9,244 

11,526 

20,801 

6,407 

117 

117 

27,971 

32,253 

60,437 

8,802 

234 

478 

68,731 

83,969 

153,910 

3,106 

47 

145 

24,757 

28,628 

53,515 

11,888 

172 

421 

44,165 

51,618 

96,023 

2,447 

38 

67 

22,573 

25,847 

48,518 

1,025 

13 

7 

2,999 

3,245 

6,276 

2,328 

77 

91 

20,897 

23,870 

45,010 

5,331 

12 

25 

6,391 

8,033 

14,462 

7,702 

85 

234 

46,486 

55,002 

101,626 

5,759 

54 

154 

16,681 

19,786 

36,834 

235 

95 

39 

9,325 

10,775 

20,116 

2,815 

5 

1 

4,087 

5,148 

9,274 

13 

7 

8 

3,674 

4,131 

7,814 

11,457 

66 

145 

25,697 

31,498 

57,216 

11,219 

1,050 

31 

16,800 

20,777 

37,604 

13,628 

125 

281 

26,674 

33,478 

60,273 

65,305 

1,763 

3,248 

79,653 

99,340 

179,637 

944 

40 

32 

6,937 

7,782 

14,748 

439 

27 

49 

11,226 

12,617 

23,851 

989 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


North  Carolina  Voter  Registration  -  December  2004 


County 

Democrats 

Republicans 

DAVIDSON 

32,723 

44,648 

DAVIE 

5,892 

13,559 

DUPLIN 

15,515 

6,517 

DURHAM 

108,603 

36,647 

EDGECOMBE 

29,142 

6,218 

FORSYTH 

94,467 

78,954 

FRANKLIN 

16,266 

9,601 

GASTON 

46,817 

47,599 

GATES 

4,891 

1,219 

GRAHAM 

2,651 

2,895 

GRANVILLE 

17,800 

6,747 

GREENE 

7,320 

1,743 

GUILFORD 

145,830 

99,023 

HALIFAX 

27,148 

5,402 

HARNETT 

27,285 

19,286 

HAYWOOD 

22,203 

12,484 

HENDERSON 

19,484 

34,024 

HERTFORD 

11,723 

1,962 

HOKE 

12,719 

4,201 

HYDE 

2,735 

458 

IREDELL 

32,504 

37,965 

JACKSON 

12,020 

7,416 

JOHNSTON 

36,608 

33,163 

JONES 

4,661 

1,250 

LEE 

16,294 

9,236 

LENOIR 

23,614 

8,596 

LINCOLN 

17,325 

19,027 

MACON 

9,089 

10,079 

159 
38 
23 

553 

30 

435 

55 

190 

10 
10 
55 
10 

675 

31 

110 

109 

185 
16 
61 

4 

160 

71 

149 

7 

75 
25 
86 
77 


unaffiliated 

13,936 
3,733 
3,881 

36,157 

2,581 
35,661 

4,416 
21,290 

1,103 
955 

3,781 
968 

52,298 
3,854 
8,576 
7,587 

18,868 

1,092 

3,996 

372 

16,533 

5,896 

14,346 

857 

5,412 
3,819 
8,313 
5,192 


White 

82,853 


21 

17 

105 

15 

154 

21 

99 

4 

6 

18 

6 

204 
16 
41 
41 

69 

6 

10 

2 

75 
23 
69 

4 

24 
21 
41 
23 


521 
359 
902 

884 
102 
539 
172 

515 
172 
433 
241 

934 
990 

757 
571 

519 
064 
302 
593 

670 
303 
963 

278 

271 
224 
671 
864 


990 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Black 

Am.  Indian 

Hispanic 

male 

female 

totals 

7,627 

184 

209 

42,514 

48,928 

91,466 

1,454 

8 

53 

10,795 

12,411 

23,222 

8,021 

30 

137 

11,195 

14,450 

25,936 

65,924 

318 

1,354 

77,862 

102,308 

181,960 

21,723 

15 

28 

16,004 

21,867 

37,971 

50,545 

294 

936 

91,858 

117,565 

209,517 

8,168 

62 

110 

13,851 

16,342 

30,338 

15,126 

158 

385 

51,706 

64,086 

115,896 

2,602 

1 

1 

3,272 

3,905 

7,223 

1 

286 

23 

3,133 

3,378 

6,511 

9,413 

49 

91 

12,203 

15,817 

28,383 

3,706 

4 

36 

4,424 

5,612 

10,041 

87,005 

715 

759 

131,253 

166,479 

297,826 

17,921 

1,113 

46 

15,107 

21,278 

36,435 

11,706 

337 

405 

24,611 

30,477 

55,257 

396 

89 

80 

19,564 

22,708 

42,383 

1,671 

88 

231 

32,909 

39,308 

72,561 

8,477 

89 

7 

6,088 

8,684 

14,793 

8,110 

1,817 

260 

8,959 

12,006 

20,977 

944 

5 

5 

1,599 

1,965 

3,569 

9,890 

95 

309 

40,065 

46,943 

87,162 

353 

1,298 

59 

11,799 

13,373 

25,403 

12,511 

208 

265 

38,092 

46,042 

84,266 

2,425 

8 

8 

3,129 

3,623 

6,775 

5,894 

82 

226 

13,840 

17,120 

31,017 

14,360 

57 

35 

15,279 

20,722 

36,054 

2,468 

45 

179 

20,906 

23,775 

44,751 

259 

31 

42 

11,318 

13,071 

24,437 

991 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


North  Carolina  Voter  Registration  -  December  2004 


County 

Democrats 

Republicans 

Libertarians 

unaffiliated 

White 

MADISON 

7,388 

4,296 

32 

2,551 

14,012 

MARTIN 

12,327 

3,224 

29 

1,970 

10,071 

MCDOWELL 

11,422 

9,775 

54 

4,947 

25,072 

MECKLENBURG 

219,507 

172,022 

1,343 

108,577 

342,163 

MITCHELL 

1,417 

8,460 

19 

2,203 

12,012 

MONTGOMERY 

8,818 

4,761 

17 

2,111 

12,026 

MOORE 

17,447 

24,239 

104 

11,125 

45,176 

NASH 

32,931 

20,810 

65 

6,527 

40,254 

NEW  HANOVER 

50,835 

50,177 

636 

29,203 

111,462 

NORTHAMPTON 

11,759 

1,195 

8 

1,290 

6,148 

ONSLOW 

29,078 

27,085 

262 

16,279 

55,731 

ORANGE 

50,666 

21,344 

455 

22,756 

77,694 

PAMLICO 

5,106 

2,527 

18 

1,458 

7,112 

PASQUOTANK 

13,886 

5,288 

36 

5,297 

14,992 

PENDER 

13,461 

9,506 

77 

4,817 

21,536 

PERQUIMANS 

4,541 

1,952 

9 

1,590 

6,081 

PERSON 

12,852 

5,569 

27 

3,179 

15,728 

PITT 

50,655 

27,915 

231 

15,708 

63,669 

POLK 

5,760 

6,280 

33 

3,922 

15,106 

RANDOLPH 

22,562 

42,238 

138 

14,045 

73,507 

RICHMOND 

21,161 

5,550 

41 

3,732 

20,753 

ROBESON 

58,808 

8,198 

62 

6,945 

27,143 

ROCKINGHAM 

28,320 

17,385 

89 

9,475 

44,077 

ROWAN 

31,726 

36,113 

149 

15,171 

69,109 

RUTHERFORD 

19,  062 

13,357 

68 

7,208 

35,413 

SAMPSON 

18,106 

13,006 

43 

3,437 

22,903 

SCOTLAND 

13,620 

3,777 

25 

3,413 

12,046 

STANLY 

14,173 

15,756 

57 

6,300 

32,488 

992 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Black 

Am.  Indian 

Hispanic 

male 

female 

totals 

91 

20 

12 

6,711 

7,460 

14,267 

7,338 

18 

25 

7,530 

10,004 

17,550 

854 

21 

42 

12,057 

14,125 

26,198 

137,842 

1,253 

3,264 

224,872 

275,038 

501,449 

18 

7 

19 

5,643 

6,444 

12,099 

3,333 

24 

36 

7,153 

8,528 

15,707 

6,878 

227 

153 

24,101 

28,813 

52,915 

18,942 

192 

146 

26,910 

33,343 

60,333 

16,482 

214 

358 

58,911 

70,110 

130,851 

7,988 

17 

9 

6,037 

8,039 

14,252 

13,247 

227 

920 

32,134 

40,063 

72,704 

11,726 

162 

671 

42,251 

52,310 

95,221 

1,878 

16 

14 

4,089 

4,968 

9,109 

8,982 

31 

54 

10,844 

13,631 

24,507 

5809 

56 

84 

12,728 

14,936 

27,861 

1,968 

3 

6 

3,731 

4,352 

8,092 

5,509 

111 

65 

9,639 

11,960 

21,627 

28,368 

184 

292 

41,208 

53,154 

94,509 

773 

10 

21 

7,067 

8,911 

15,995 

4,206 

195 

251 

36,176 

42,637 

78,983 

9,071 

233 

59 

13,561 

16,895 

30,484 

18,911 

26,295 

151 

31,608 

42,133 

74,013 

10,356 

92 

113 

24,588 

30,292 

55,269 

12,602 

142 

209 

38,436 

44,546 

83,159 

3,766 

46 

97 

18,079 

21,451 

39,695 

10,474 

545 

148 

15,283 

19,252 

34,592 

7,494 

958 

80 

8,831 

11,873 

20,835 

3,455 

34 

27 

16,859 

19,404 

36,286 

993 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


North  Carolina  Voter  Registration  -  December  2004 


County 

Democrats 

Republicans 

Libertarians 

unaffiliated 

White 

STOKES 

10,716 

14,268 

43 

3,975 

27,376 

SURRY 

18,805 

17,358 

58 

7,143 

41,249 

SWAIN 

5,759 

3,008 

20 

2,416 

9,097 

TRANSYLVANIA 

8,666 

9,215 

51 

5,421 

22,137 

TYRRELL 

1,898 

243 

3 

324 

1,627 

UNION 

30,937 

42,728 

204 

18,431 

80,106 

VANCE 

19,836 

4,268 

27 

2,827 

13,723 

WAKE 

204,064 

169,729 

1,629 

108,888 

370,293 

WARREN 

11,680 

1,741 

13 

1,415 

6,153 

WASHINGTON 

6,726 

1,221 

9 

773 

4,607 

WATAUGA 

14,167 

16,282 

223 

11,070 

40,284 

WAYNE 

32,551 

20,947 

81 

8,842 

41,185 

WILKES 

12,317 

22,041 

74 

5,847 

38,350 

WILSON 

29,146 

13,696 

102 

5,477 

29,197 

YADKIN 

5,286 

13,941 

36 

3,758 

22,061 

YANCEY 

6,308 

5,029 

21 

1,922 

13,100 

total 

2,585,991 

1,912,332 

13,015 

1,025,705 

4,234,332 

994 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


Black 

Am.  Indian 

Hispanic 

male 

female 

totals 

1,284 

36 

44 

13,533 

15,452 

29,002 

1,616 

27 

95 

19,987 

23,306 

43,365 

207 

1,782 

10 

5,301 

5,891 

11,203 

929 

22 

40 

10,935 

12,280 

23,353 

811 

1 

3 

1,085 

1,373 

2,468 

10,118 

210 

546 

43,325 

48,579 

92,300 

12,810 

31 

35 

11,430 

15,485 

26,958 

91,339 

922 

3,157 

224,876 

258,493 

484,310 

7,959 

604 

6 

6,515 

8,311 

14,849 

4,036 

10 

3 

3,805 

4,885 

8,729 

676 

50 

133 

20,047 

21,643 

41,742 

19,836 

114 

252 

27,223 

34,971 

62,421 

1,541 

16 

84 

18,986 

21,120 

40,279 

18,387 

31 

136 

21,264 

27,110 

48,421 

704 

19 

67 

10,702 

12,145 

23,021 

83 

6 

21 

6,310 

6,939 

13,280 

117,208 

47,212 

24,338 

2,491,887  3,027,248 

5,537,044 

995 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  President 


John  F. 

George  W. 

Michael 

Ralph 

county 

Kerry(D) 

Bush(R) 

Badnarik  (L) 

Nader  (Wl) 

ALAMANCE 

20,686 

33,302 

157 

28 

ALEXANDER 

4,618 

10,928 

52 

2 

ALLEGHANY 

1,922 

2,883 

18 

3 

ANSON 

5,413 

3,796 

15 

1 

ASHE 

4,477 

7,292 

54 

0 

AVERY 

1,805 

5,678 

29 

12 

BEAUFORT 

7,025 

12,432 

58 

7 

BERTIE 

4,938 

3,057 

35 

2 

BLADEN 

6,109 

6,174 

29 

1 

BRUNSWICK 

14,903 

22,925 

130 

19 

BUNCOMBE 

51,868 

52,491 

501 

141 

BURKE 

11,728 

18,922 

110 

2 

CABARRUS 

19,803 

40,780 

224 

16 

CALDWELL 

9,999 

21,186 

111 

52 

CAMDEN 

1,339 

2,480 

7 

4 

CARTERET 

7,732 

17,716 

100 

22 

CASWELL 

4,539 

4,868 

22 

6 

CATAWBA 

18,858 

39,602 

182 

44 

CHATHAM 

12,897 

12,892 

115 

18 

CHEROKEE 

3,635 

7,517 

41 

6 

CHOWAN 

2,406 

2,967 

13 

0 

CLAY 

1,628 

3,209 

25 

3 

CLEVELAND 

14,215 

22,750 

93 

20 

COLUMBUS 

10,343 

10,773 

63 

11 

CRAVEN 

14,019 

23,575 

136 

15 

CUMBERLAND 

45,788 

49,139 

247 

52 

CURRITUCK 

2,909 

6,013 

53 

1 

DARE 

6,136 

9,345 

62 

5 

996 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


David 

Walt 

Cobb  (Wl) 

Brown  (Wl) 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

12 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

1 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

997 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  President 


John  F. 

George  W. 

Michael 

Ralph 

county 

KerrylD) 

Bush(R) 

Badnarik  (L) 

Nader  (Wl) 

DAVIDSON 

17,191 

42,075 

203 

27 

DAVIE 

4,233 

12,372 

66 

7 

DUPLIN 

6,92  3 

9,611 

41 

8 

DURHAM 

74,524 

34,614 

381 

123 

EDGECOMBE 

12,877 

8,163 

36 

2 

FORSYTH 

63,340 

75,294 

491 

0 

FRANKLIN 

9,286 

11,540 

72 

16 

GASTON 

20,254 

43,252 

208 

40 

GATES 

2,121 

1,924 

7 

1 

GRAHAM 

1,272 

2,693 

21 

1 

GRANVILLE 

9,057 

9,491 

44 

9 

GREENE 

2,665 

3,800 

7 

0 

GUILFORD 

100,042 

98,254 

836 

176 

HALIFAX 

11,528 

8,088 

26 

3 

HARNETT 

11,563 

20,922 

79 

7 

HAYWOOD 

11,237 

14,545 

113 

21 

HENDERSON 

15.003 

28,025 

172 

33 

HERTFORD 

5,141 

2,942 

42 

7 

HOKE 

5,794 

5,257 

31 

4 

HYDE 

1,048 

1,235 

9 

1 

IREDELL 

18,065 

38,675 

148 

57 

JACKSON 

6,737 

7,351 

76 

10 

JOHNSTON 

17,266 

36,903 

123 

30 

JONES 

1,89  3 

2,607 

12 

1 

LEE 

7,657 

11,834 

52 

0 

LENOIR 

10,207 

12,939 

31 

2 

LINCOLN 

9,434 

20,052 

88 

5 

MACON 

5,489 

9,448 

65 

22 

998 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


David 

Walt 

Cobb  (Wl) 

Brown  (Wl) 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

7 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

15 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

28 

0 

0 

0 

27 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

999 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  President 


county 

John  F. 
Kerry(D) 

George  W. 
Bush(R)    Bad 

Michael 
narik  (LIB) 

Ralph 

Nader  (Wl) 

MADISON 

4,234 

5,175 

53 

1 

MARTIN 

5,102 

5,334 

14 

1 

MCDOWELL 

5,330 

10,590 

64 

12 

MECKLENBURG 

166,828 

155,084 

988 

185 

MITCHELL 

2,080 

5,686 

31 

1 

MONTGOMERY 

4,313 

5,745 

19 

3 

MOORE 

13,555 

24,714 

98 

15 

NASH 

15,693 

21,902 

66 

7 

NEW  HANOVER 

35,572 

45,351 

302 

22 

NORTHAMPTON 

5,584 

3,176 

7 

2 

ONSLOW 

11,250 

25,890 

122 

11 

ORANGE 

42,910 

20,771 

338 

119 

PAMLICO 

2,335 

3,679 

20 

3 

PASQUOTANK 

6,984 

6,609 

54 

1 

PENDER 

6,999 

10,037 

45 

4 

PERQUIMANS 

1,971 

2,965 

20 

2 

PERSON 

6,918 

8,973 

41 

2 

PITT 

24,924 

28,590 

108 

12 

POLK 

3,787 

5,140 

89 

5 

RANDOLPH 

12,966 

37,771 

170 

3 

RICHMOND 

8,383 

7,709 

30 

20 

ROBESON 

17,868 

15,909 

72 

13 

ROCKINGHAM 

14,430 

22,840 

89 

29 

ROWAN 

16,735 

34,915 

187 

30 

RUTHERFORD 

8,184 

16,343 

126 

5 

SAMPSON 

9,649 

12,600 

38 

1 

SCOTLAND 

6,386 

5,141 

18 

2 

STANLY 

7,650 

17,814 

86 

3 

1000 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


David 

Walt 

Cobb  (Wl) 

Brown  (Wl) 

0 

0 

1 

0 

6 

0 

17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

3 

1 

9 

6 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

7 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1001 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  President 


county 

John  F. 
Kerry(D) 

George  W. 
Bush(R) 

Michael 
Badnarik  (L) 

Ralph 
Nader  (Wl) 

STOKES 

5,767 

13,583 

56 

8 

SURRY 

8,304 

17,587 

101 

0 

SWAIN 

2,419 

2,593 

25 

6 

TRANSYLVANIA 

6,097 

9,386 

90 

15 

TYRRELL 

731 

855 

4 

0 

UNION 

17,974 

42,820 

169 

34 

VANCE 

8.762 

6,884 

31 

0 

WAKE 

169,909 

177,324 

1,353 

235 

WARREN 

5,171 

2,840 

9 

7 

WASHINGTON 

2,969 

2,484 

12 

5 

WATAUGA 

11,232 

12,659 

135 

24 

WAYNE 

15,076 

24,883 

71 

16 

WILKES 

7,862 

19,197 

82 

12 

WILSON 

14,206 

16,264 

60 

3 

YADKIN 

3,451 

11,816 

42 

3 

YANCEY 

4,434 

4,940 

34 

14 

total  1,525,849      1,961,166        11,731  1,805 


1002 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


David 

Walt 

Cobb  (Wl) 

Brown  (Wl) 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

23 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

9 

0 

JOS  348 


1003 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  Senate 


Erskine  B. 

Richard 

Tom 

Walker  F. 

county 

Bowles  (D) 

Burr  (R) 

Bailey  (L) 

Rucker  (Wl) 

ALAMANCE 

22,580 

30,614 

714 

4 

ALEXANDER 

5,430 

10,073 

222 

0 

ALLEGHANY 

1,908 

2,754 

64 

1 

ANSON 

5,734 

3,367 

91 

1 

ASHE 

4,651 

7,021 

174 

0 

AVERY 

1,917 

5,157 

161 

1 

BEAUFORT 

8,231 

11,109 

303 

3 

BERTIE 

5,227 

2,640 

54 

0 

BLADEN 

6,661 

5,073 

143 

0 

BRUNSWICK 

16,128 

20,554 

623 

0 

BUNCOMBE 

51,745 

46,763 

2,112 

11 

BURKE 

13,137 

18,371 

577 

0 

CABARRUS 

22,206 

37,494 

1,068 

0 

CALDWELL 

11,079 

19,612 

566 

11 

CAMDEN 

1,576 

2,083 

62 

0 

CARTERET 

8,875 

16,082 

443 

8 

CASWELL 

4,737 

4,559 

104 

0 

CATAWBA 

20,153 

35,946 

841 

0                         i 

CHATHAM 

13,601 

11,816 

333 

1           ; 

CHEROKEE 

3,966 

6,426 

155 

1           i 

CHOWAN 

2,638 

2,457 

90 

0          i 

CLAY 

1,749 

2,896 

98 

0                        1 

CLEVELAND 

16,342 

20,324 

532 

2 

COLUMBUS 

11,860 

8,721 

281 

1 

CRAVEN 

15,299 

21,402 

581 

8             1 

CUMBERLAND 

50,097 

44,145 

1,331 

I 

CURRITUCK 

3,172 

5,007 

212 

0 

DARE 

6,995 

8,215 

327 

64 

1004 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  Senate 


Erskine  B. 

Richard 

Tom 

Walker  F. 

county 

Bowles  (D) 

Burr  (R) 

Bailey  (L) 

Rucker  (Wl) 

DAVIDSON 

19,530 

38,913 

952 

0 

DAVIE 

4,505 

11,861 

223 

15 

DUPLIN 

7,768 

8,613 

181 

11 

DURHAM 

76,294 

32,217 

1,205 

2 

EDGECOMBE 

13,822 

7,072 

195 

0 

FORSYTH 

63,899 

74,108 

1,431 

29 

FRANKLIN 

10,197 

10,421 

295 

1 

GASTON 

22,750 

39,857 

1,092 

1 

GATES 

2,352 

1,654 

53 

0 

GRAHAM 

1,445 

2,267 

62 

0 

GRANVILLE 

9,806 

8,447 

214 

1 

GREENE 

3,043 

3,400 

49 

0 

GUILFORD 

106,315 

89,926 

2,371 

2 

HALIFAX 

12,457 

7,110 

162 

2 

HARNETT 

13,417 

18,501 

435 

12 

HAYWOOD 

12,710 

12,949 

477 

5 

HENDERSON 

15,652 

25,430 

552 

0 

HERTFORD 

5,428 

2,478 

76 

4 

HOKE 

6,271 

4,431 

199 

0 

HYDE 

1,118 

1,060 

28 

0 

IREDELL 

20,402 

35,600 

923 

10 

JACKSON 

7,220 

6,656 

228 

0 

JOHNSTON 

19,966 

33,334 

563 

13 

JONES 

2,092 

2,392 

52 

0 

LEE 

8,900 

10,218 

252 

1 

LENOIR 

11,012 

11,707 

141 

4 

LINCOLN 

10,657 

18,422 

556 

0 

MACON 

5,896 

8,399 

159 

0 

1005 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  Senate 


Erskine  B. 

Richard 

Tom 

Walker  F. 

county 

Bowles  (D) 

Burr  (R) 

Bailey  (L) 

Rucker  (Wl) 

MADISON 

4,479 

4,490 

149 

0 

MARTIN 

5,779 

4,615 

97 

1 

MCDOWELL 

6,179 

9,366 

267 

3 

MECKLENBURG 

173,964 

141,653 

4,105 

0 

MITCHELL 

2,208 

5,340 

139 

2 

MONTGOMERY 

4,693 

5,234 

143 

2 

MOORE 

14,708 

22,522 

360 

0 

NASH 

17,611 

19,985 

331 

1 

NEW  HANOVER 

36,218 

41,231 

1,635 

4 

NORTHAMPTON 

5,861 

2,822 

71 

2 

ONSLOW 

12,542 

22,790 

748 

8 

ORANGE 

43,476 

19,797 

843 

3 

PAMLICO 

2,605 

3,326 

83 

0 

PASQUOTANK 

7,426 

5,669 

184 

0 

PENDER 

7,390 

9,182 

252 

0 

PERQUIMANS 

2,242 

2,566 

64 

0 

PERSON 

6,701 

8,212 

185 

0 

PITT 

26,019 

26,489 

398 

2 

POLK 

4,169 

4,825 

159 

0 

RANDOLPH 

15,199 

35,495 

792 

0 

RICHMOND 

9,221 

6,574 

274 

60 

ROBESON 

20,896 

13,025 

482 

7 

ROCKINGHAM 

15,435 

21,224 

518 

5 

ROWAN 

18,543 

31,998 

1,011 

0 

RUTHERFORD 

9,669 

14,061 

358 

0 

SAMPSON 

10,626 

11,574 

165 

4 

SCOTLAND 

6,282 

4,336 

113 

0 

STANLY 

8,603 

16,036 

376 

0 

1006 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  Senate 


Erskine  B. 

Richard 

Tom 

Walker  F. 

county 

Bowles  (D) 

Burr  (R) 

Bailey  (L) 

Rucker  (Wl) 

STOKES 

6,138 

13,456 

258 

6 

SURRY 

8,735 

16,740 

275 

4 

SWAIN 

2,587 

2,344 

79 

1 

TRANSYLVANIA 

6,421 

8,586 

277 

0 

TYRRELL 

857 

658 

24 

0 

UNION 

19,451 

39,383 

703 

0 

VANCE 

9,633 

6,137 

114 

1 

WAKE 

177,324 

163,069 

4,281 

0 

WARREN 

5,424 

2,510 

82 

9 

WASHINGTON 

1 

3,285 

2,126 

56 

2 

WATAUGA 

10,987 

12,207 

579 

1 

WAYNE 

17,116 

23,026 

318 

1 

WILKES 

8,967 

18,173 

435 

1 

^WILSON 

15,566 

14,416 

223 

0 

'YADKIN 

3,956 

11,464 

215 

0 

YANCEY 

4,718 

4,594 

134 

2 

total 


1,632,527      1,791,450        47,743 


362 


1007 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
1  '^  Congressional  District 


G.K. 

Greg 

County                              Butterfield  (D) 

Dority  (R) 

BEAUFORT 

3,275 

2,745 

BERTIE 

5,302 

2,233 

CHOWAN 

2,466 

2,173 

CRAVEN 

6,115 

5,439 

EDGECOMBE 

14,185 

6,395 

GATES 

2,392 

1,567 

GRANVILLE 

3,286 

1,396 

GREENE 

3,212 

3,013 

HALIFAX 

12,856 

6,400 

HERTFORD 

5,400 

2,158 

JONES 

1,723 

1,165 

LENOIR 

7,048 

3,360 

MARTIN 

5,938 

4,283 

NASH 

3,453 

1,367 

NORTHAMPTON 

6,177 

2,301 

PASQUOTANK 

7,537 

5,478 

PERQUIMANS 

2,246 

2,538 

PITT 

10,617 

6,059 

VANCE 

7,286 

3,414 

WARREN 

5,385 

2,402 

WASHINGTON 

3,467 

1,899 

WAYNE 

9,650 

6,989 

WILSON 

8,651 

2,734 

total  137,667  77,508 


1008 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 


^        ^i^^■■^■^l«• 

Bob 

Billy  J. 

county 

Etheridge  (D) 

Creech  (R) 

CHATHAM 

8,574 

5,721 

CUMBERLAND 

18,534 

6,351 

FRANKLIN 

12,778 

7,986 

HARNETT 

19,416 

12,900 

JOHNSTON 

25,710 

28,152 

LEE 

11,835 

7,215 

NASH 

12,460 

6,508 

SAMPSON 

8,300 

3,325 

VANCE 

2,850 

1,179 

WAKE 

24,622 

8,474 

total  145,079  87,811 


1009 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
3'''  Congressional  District 


Roger  A. 

Walter  B. 

county 

Eaton  (  D) 

Jones  (R) 

BEAUFORT 

3,460 

9,761 

CAMDEN 

1,316 

2,389 

CARTERET 

6,243 

18,421 

CRAVEN 

6,872 

18,125 

CURRITUCK 

2,685 

6,004 

DARE 

6,147 

9,230 

DUPLIN 

1,075 

3,549 

HYDE 

801 

1,323 

JONES 

316 

1,231 

LENOIR 

2,596 

9,024 

NASH 

3,714 

9,907 

ONSLOW 

9,893 

26,344 

PAMLICO 

2,060 

3,880 

PITT 

11,981 

22,639 

TYRRELL 

641 

864 

WAYNE 

5,547 

17,372 

WILSON 

5,880 

11,800 

total 

71,227 

171,863 

1010 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
4*''  Congressional  District 


David 

Todd  A. 

Maximilian 

county 

Price  (D) 

Batchelor  (R) 

Longley  (Wl) 

CHATHAM 

7,082 

3,564 

6 

DURHAM 

82,279 

26,310 

26 

ORANGE 

46,436 

16,363 

32 

WAKE 

81,644 

75,480 

12 

total  217M1  121,717  76 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
5^^  Congressional  District 


Jim  A. 

Virginia 

county 

Harrell,  Jr.  (D) 

Foxx  (R) 

ALEXANDER 

5,316 

10,129 

ALLEGHANY 

2,183 

2,423 

ASHE 

4,271 

7,583 

DAVIE 

5,189 

11,280 

FORSYTH 

39,459 

53,566 

IREDELL 

10,960 

16,786 

ROCKINGHAM 

1,459 

2,993 

STOKES 

7,663 

11,949 

SURRY 

12,009 

13,023 

jWATAUGA 

10,655 

12,827 

WILKES 

11,316 

16,074 

YADKIN 

6,791 

8,913 

Wtotal  117,271  167,546 


1011 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
6^^  Congressional  District 


William  W. 

Howard 

county 

Jordan  (D) 

Coble  (R) 

ALAMANCE 

11,503 

29,791 

DAVIDSON 

6,581 

23,012 

GUILFORD 

27,735 

70,390 

MOORE 

12,307 

23,580 

RANDOLPH 

10,863 

40,281 

ROWAN 

7,164 

20,416 

total  76,153         207,470 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
7*^  Congressional  District 

Mike  Ken 


county 

Mclntyre  (D) 

Plonk  (R) 

BLADEN 

9,762 

1,963 

BRUNSWICK 

25,358 

11,629 

COLUMBUS 

17,368 

3,480 

CUMBERLAND 

17,574 

8,726 

DUPLIN 

8,355 

3,132 

NEW  HANOVER 

54,667 

22,792 

PENDER 

11,623 

4,905 

ROBESON 

30,501 

4,154 

SAMPSON 

5,119 

5,278 

SCOTLAND 

55 

25 

total  180,382  66,084 


1012 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
8*^  Congressional  District 


county 

Beth 
Troutman  (D) 

Robert  C. 
"Robin"Hayes  (R) 

ANSON 

5,137 

4,005 

CABARRUS 

17,669 

37,781 

CUMBERLAND 

19,442 

22,865 

HOKE 

5,640 

5,161 

MECKLENBURG 

23,225 

12,580 

MONTGOMERY 

4,328 

5,699 

RICHMOND 

7,638 

8,276 

SCOTLAND 

5,058 

4,822 

STANLY 

7,329 

17,694 

UNION 

4,635 

6,187 

total  100,101  125,070 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
9^*"  Congressional  District 


Jack 

Sue 

county 

Flynn  (D) 

Myrick  (R) 

GASTON 

14,272 

40,841 

MECKLENBURG 

64,719 

132,376 

UNION 

10,327 

37,566 

total  89,318         210,783 


1013 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
1 0^*"  Congressional  District 


Anne  N. 

Patrick 

county 

Fischer  (D) 

McHenry  (R) 

AVERY 

1,839 

5,406 

BURKE 

12J49 

18,793 

CALDWELL 

10,(^61 

19,845 

CATAWBA 

19,953 

35,799 

CLEVELAND 

14,818 

20,960 

GASTON 

2,398 

5,761 

IREDELL 

8,476 

18,802 

LINCOLN 

10,193 

18,671 

MITCHELL 

1,975 

5,511 

RUTHERFORD 

5,171 

8,336 

total  88,233         157,884 


1014 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
1 V" Congressional  District 

Patsy  Charles 

county  Keever  (D)  Taylor  (R) 

BUNCOMBE  52,741  48,150 

CHEROKEE  3,839  6,914 

CLAY  1,815  3,021 

GRAHAM  1,248  2,527 

IHAYWOOD  11,822  14,514 

HENDERSON  15,627  25,626 

JACKSON  7,128  7,079 

MACON  5,710  8,843 

MADISON  4,236  4,967 

MCDOWELL  5,437  10  449 

POLK  3,981  5,198 

RUTHERFORD  3,896  6,257 

SWAIN  2,417  2,621 

TRANSYLVANIA  6,834  8,517 

YANCEY  4,457  5,026 

total  131,188         159,709 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
12^''  Congressional  District 


Mel 

Ada  M. 

^county 

Watt  (D) 

Fisher  (R) 

CABARRUS 

1,293 

2,457 

DAVIDSON 

11,363 

17,035 

FORSYTH 

31,413 

12,686 

GUILFORD 

36,175 

14,778 

MECKLENBURG 

61,991 

19,978 

:ROWAN 

12,673 

9,964 

total  154,908  76,898 


1015 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  U.S.  House 
1 3*^  Congressional  District 


Brad 

Virginia 

county 

Miller  (D) 

Johnson  (R) 

ALAMANCE 

7,830 

3,843 

CASWELL 

5,737 

3,374 

GRANVILLE 

7,184 

5,955 

GUILFORD 

31,087 

15,187 

PERSON 

8,399 

6,291 

ROCKINGHAM 

16,580 

15,525 

WAKE 

84,079 

62,613 

total  160,896         112,788 


1016 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 

2004  General  Election  for  N.C.  Governor 


Mike 

Patrick  J. 

Barbara 

:ounty 

Easley  (D) 

Ballantine  (R) 

Howe  (L) 

ALAMANCE 

27,435 

25,774 

769 

ALEXANDER 

7,061 

8,460 

233 

ALLEGHANY 

2,699 

1,886 

70 

ANSON 

6,591 

2,523 

99 

ASHE 

6,132 

5,512 

192 

AVERY 

2,516 

4,877 

160 

BEAUFORT 

11,285 

8,140 

297 

BERTIE 

5,737 

2,056 

67 

BLADEN 

8,086 

3,897 

116 

BRUNSWICK 

21,156 

16,020 

478 

BUNCOMBE 

58,863 

40,551 

2,554 

BURKE 

15,112 

16,470 

522 

;CABARRUS 

29,276 

30,518 

962 

CALDWELL 

14,061 

16,724 

529 

jCAMDEN 

1,929 

1,748 

66 

CARTERET 

11,606 

12,927 

420 

CASWELL 

5,747 

3,521 

114 

CATAWBA 

25,656 

30,643 

862 

CHATHAM 

14,917 

9,813 

393 

CHEROKEE 

4,807 

5,952 

171 

CHOWAN 

2,961 

2,070 

93 

CLAY 

2,015 

2,653 

105 

CLEVELAND 

20,204 

16,614 

457 

COLUMBUS 

13,454 

7,348 

244 

CRAVEN 

18,938 

17,877 

494 

CUMBERLAND 

59,168 

35,229 

1,467 

CURRITUCK 

4,167 

4,367 

287 

DARE 

8,746 

6,441 

413 

1017 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004  General  Election  for  N.C.  Governor 


Mike 

Patrick  J. 

Barbara 

county 

Easley  (D) 

Ballantine  (R) 

Howe  (L) 

DAVIDSON 

27,050 

31,301 

983 

DAVIE 

6,541 

9,680 

337 

DUPLIN 

9,502 

6,913 

161 

DURHAM 

79,929 

27,773 

1,754 

EDGECOMBE 

15,960 

4,853 

163 

FORSYTH 

77,829 

58,965 

2,021 

FRANKLIN 

12,577 

8,070 

307 

GASTON 

28,960 

33,882 

976 

GATES 

2,668 

1,368 

54 

GRAHAM 

1,813 

2,002 

68 

GRANVILLE 

11,699 

6,723 

236 

GREENE 

3,684 

2,728 

51 

GUILFORD 

119,965 

75,203 

3,093 

HALIFAX 

14,604 

4,968 

151 

HARNETT 

16,510 

15,475 

456 

HAYWOOD 

15,434 

10,362 

459 

HENDERSON 

19,361 

22,923 

560 

HERTFORD 

5,982 

2,015 

97 

HOKE 

7,347 

3,525 

169 

HYDE 

1,391 

841 

20 

IREDELL 

26,449 

29,406 

940 

JACKSON 

8,057 

5,873 

317 

JOHNSTON 

26,275 

27,668 

582 

JONES 

2,670 

1,847 

38 

LEE 

11,044 

8,146 

235 

LENOIR 

12,898 

9,964 

124 

LINCOLN 

13,654 

15,584 

447 

MACON 

7,156 

7,457 

162 

1018 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER   THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  N.C.  Governor 


Mike 

Patrick  J. 

Barbara 

county 

Easley  (D) 

Ballantine  (R) 

Howe  (L) 

MADISON 

5,135 

4,047 

160 

MARTIN 

7,174 

3,246 

107 

MCDOWELL 

7,740 

7,969 

247 

MECKLENBURG 

186,801 

127,521 

4,844 

MITCHELL 

2,691 

4,946 

127 

MONTGOMERY 

5,640 

4,335 

136 

MOORE 

18,210 

19,311 

316 

NASH 

23,385 

14,452 

321 

NEW  HANOVER 

43,421 

36,502 

1,275 

NORTHAMPTON 

6,604 

2,087 

76 

ONSLOW 

17,499 

18,957 

868 

ORANGE 

45,681 

16,782 

1,243 

PAMLICO 

3,361 

2,552 

74 

PASQUOTANK 

8,146 

4,894 

231 

iPENDER 

9,040 

7,797 

206 

PERQUIMANS 

2,594 

2,221 

72 

PERSON 

9,204 

5,795 

193 

PITT 

30,722 

21,809 

541 

POLK 

4,746 

4,264 

162 

RANDOLPH 

20,634 

30,240 

814 

RICHMOND 

10,697 

5,188 

308 

ROBESON 

24,462 

10,000 

338 

ROCKINGHAM 

21,199 

15,411 

674 

ROWAN 

24,508 

26,195 

995 

RUTHERFORD 

12,062 

11,725 

331 

SAMPSON 

12,830 

9,483 

195 

SCOTLAND 

6,595 

3,897 

145 

STANLY 

11,454 

13,306 

372 

1019 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  General  Election  for  N.C.  Governor 


Mike 

Patrick  J. 

Barbara 

county 

Easley  (D) 

Ballantine  (R) 

Howe  (L) 

STOKES 

9,323 

10,125 

324 

SURRY 

12,655 

12,302 

364 

SWAIN 

2,939 

2,026 

79 

TRANSYLVANIA 

7,538 

7,506 

301 

TYRRELL 

]  ,006 

550 

18 

UNION 

24,355 

34,444 

742 

VANCE 

11,177 

4,614 

142 

WAKE 

205,535 

138,650 

5,357 

WARREN 

5,992 

1,994 

55 

WASHINGTON 

3,668 

1,702 

108 

WATAUGA 

12,392 

10,645 

648 

WAYNE 

20,652 

19,440 

427 

WILKES 

12,377 

15,008 

386 

WILSON 

18,267 

11,874 

209 

YADKIN 

6,434 

9,023 

252 

YANCEY 

5,275 

4,060 

135 

total 


1,939,15^      1,495,021        52,513 


1020 


ELECTIONS    AND    VOTING    RECORDS  CHAPTER    THIRTEEN 


2004  General  Election  for  Lieutenant  Governor 


Beverly  Jim       Christopher 

Perdue  (D)  Snyder  (R)  Cole  (L) 


total  1,888,397      1,453,705        56,368 


2004  General  Election  for  Secretary  of  State 

Elaine  F.  Jay 

Marshall  (D)  Rao  (R) 


total  1,911,585      1,423,109 


2004  General  Election  for  Attorney  General 

Roy  Joe 

Cooper  (D)  Knott  (R) 


total  1,872,097      1,494,121 


2004  General  Election  for  State  Auditor 

Ralph  Leslie 

Campbell  (D)  Merritt  (R) 

\total  1,633,639      1,662,354 


2004  General  Election  for  State  Treasurer 

Richard  H.  Edward  A. 

Moore  (D)  Meyer  (R) 

total  1,812,201      1,512,619 


1021 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004  General  Election  for  Commissioner  of  Agriculture 


Britt  Steve 

Cobb(D)  Troxler  (R) 


total  1,663,910      1,666,197 


2004  General  Election  for  Commissioner  of  Insurance 

Jim  C.  Robert 

Long  (D)  Brawley  (R) 

total  1,934,076      1,421,398 


2004  General  Election  for  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction 

June  S.  Bill 

Atkinson  (D)  Fletchei  (R) 

total  1,655,719      1,647,184 

Note:  TJiis  race  was  still  contested  as  of  date  of  publication. 

2004  General  Election  for  State  Labor  Commissioner 

Wayne  Cherie 

Goodwin  (D)  Berry  (R) 

total  1,584,488      1,723,004 


1022 


ELECTIONS    AND   VOTING    RECORDS 


CHAPTER    THIRTEEN 


1023 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


North  Carolina  Population  Data 

North  Carolina's  population  according  to  the  1790  Census,  the  first  one  ever 
conducted  m  the  state,  totaled  393,751.  In  the  two  centuries  since  then.  North 
Carolina's  population  has  increased  steadily.  The  state's  population  topped  1  million 
between  1860  and  1870  and  had  doubled  to  2  million  between  1900  and  1910. 
Subsequent  censuses  recorded  more  than  3  milHon  residents  m  1930,  4  million  m 
1950  and  5  million  in  1970. 

The  1990  Census  counted  6,632,448  residents  of  North  Carolina,  a  12.8  percent 
increase  over  the  1980  Census  total.  The  state  gained  roughly  752,000  new  residents 
between  1980  and  1990.  It  had  gained  796,000  between  1970  and  1980.  Slightly 
over  half  of  the  state's  population  increase  in  the  1980s  came  from  net  migration  as 
more  people  moved  into  the  state  than  moved  out  of  it.  The  slower  population  growth 
rate  during  the  1980s  was  due  to  smaller  net  migration  (a  5.32  percent  decrease 
compared  to  net  migration  recorded  between  1970  and  1980)  and  a  rise  m  death 
rates  due  to  the  overall  agmg  of  the  post-World  War  II  "baby  boom"  population, 
despite  a  rise  m  average  life  expectancy.  Natural  births,  however,  increased  throughout 
[the  1980s. 

North  Carolina  had  50  incorporated  municipalities  with  populations  of  10,000 
or  greater  according  to  the  1990  Census.  One  of  these  municipalities  —  Kannapolis 
in  Rowan  and  Cabarrus  counties  —  had  been  incorporated  since  the  1980  Census. 
Six  other  state  municipalities  broke  the  10,000  population  barrier  between  1980  and 
1990  —  Carrboro  in  Orange  County,  Graham  in  Alamance  County,  Kernersville  in 
Forsyth  and  Guilford  counties,  Matthews  and  Mint  Hill  in  Mecklenburg  County  and 
Tarboro  in  Edgecombe  County  Charlotte  was  the  state's  largest  city  in  1990,  recording 
395,934  residents.  Raleigh  was  the  state's  second-largest  city  in  1990  with  212,092 
residents,  while  Greensboro  was  the  third-largest  with  183,894  residents. 

Much  of  the  population  gains  in  the  state's  largest  municipaUties  during  the  1980s 
came  through  annexation.  Eight  incorporated  municipalities  annexed  more  than  10 
square  miles  each  between  1980  and  1990.  Charlotte  annexed  35.8  square  miles 
containing  45,000  residents  (1990  Census  figures),  followed  by  Raleigh  with  34.2 
square  miles  containing  49,000  residents,  Durham  with  26.9  square  miles  containing 
21,000  residents  and  Gary  with  21.1  square  miles  containing  16,000  residents.  Dare 
County  recorded  the  largest  percentage  gain  of  population  in  the  state  in  the  1990 
Census,  growing  70  percent  between  1980  and  1990.  Brunswick  County  tallied  the 
second-highest  percentage  growth  in  the  1990  Census,  its  population  rising  42.5 
percent  between  1980  and  1990.  Wake  County  had  the  third-highest  percentage 
population  growth  in  the  1990  Census,  40.5  percent  between  1980  and  1990. 


POPULATION  DATA 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

Nineteen  o^  Nonh  Carolina's  100  ce^unties  k^st  populalion  between  1980  and 
1990.  This  irencl  was  up  significanil)'  from  the  period  1970-80,  when  only  three 
conniies  recorded  net  population  losses.  Anson  County  showed  the  steepest  percentage 
decline  —  8.5  percent  fewer  residents  m  1990  than  1980  (roughly  2,100  fewer  people). 
Sampson  Count)'  had  the  largest  drop  m  absolute  population,  losmg  2,390  residents 
between  1980  and  1990. 

North  Carolina's  population  growth  has  continued  into  the  new  centur)-.  An  interim 
population  estimate  conducted  by  the  federal  government  and  the  State  Demographics 
L'nit  o'i  the  N.C.  Office  of  State  Planning  placed  North  Carolmas  total  population  at 
7,650,699  as  of  July,  1999.  The  estimate  placed  North  Carolina's  net  gam  m  population 
since  the  1990  Census  at  1,018,251  —  an  increase  of  15.4  percent.  The  count 
estimated  968,736  live  births  between  1990-99  and  586,190  deaths  during  the  same 
peri(.Kl.  North  Carolina  also  continued  to  attract  new  residents  trom  outside  the  state. 
The  1 999  estimate  placed  net  migration  statewide  at  635,705  new  residents  since  the 
1990  Census  -  an  increase  of  9.6  percent  m  ten  years. 

Much  oi  that  growth  occurred  m  urban  areas.  While  Mecklenburg  County 
remained  the  state's  most  populated  county  (642,245  m  1999  —  an  increase  of  25.6 
percent  over  1990  Census  hgures)  m  the  1999  estimate,  'Wake  County's  population 
had  jumped  38.9  percent,  the  highest  grovvlh  rate  recorded  by  any  county  m  the 
state.  By  1999,  Wake  County's  population  had  reached  592,218  and  the  county 
remained  the  second  most  populous  m  North  Carolina.  Guilford  County  remained 
the  third  most  populous  county  with  393,423  residents  m  1999  —  a  13.2  percent 
increase  since  1990.  The  State  Demographics  Unit  of  the  N.C.  Office  of  State  Planning 
pro\'ided  the  lollowmg  analysis  of  growth  in  the  state's  urban  areas  between  1990' 
and  1999: 

Certified  estimates  of  the  population  of  North  Carolina  Counties  for  July  1,  1999? 
were  released  in  August  of  2000  by  the  State  Demographer.  According  to  these 
estimates,  the  metropolitan  areas  in  North  Carolina  as  a  whole  grew  faster  from  1990 
to  1999  than  did  the  non-metropolitan  areas.  As  a  whole,  the  rale  of  net  migration, 
into  the  metropolitan  areas  was  more  positive  than  that  into  the  non-metropolitan 
areas.  However,  there  were  vast  differences  between  indmdual  areas. 

The  Wilmington  area,  the  Raleigh-Durham-Chapel  Hill  area  and  the  North' 
Carolina  portion  of  the  Norfolk-Newport  News-Virginia  Beach  area  showed  the  largest 
rates  of  growth,  each  a  little  less  than  twice  the  state  growth  rate.  The  North  Carolina 
portion  of  the  Chadotte-Gastonia-Rock  Hill  area  grew  roughly  40  percent  faster  than 
the  state.  The  Greenville  area  grew  about  16  percent  faster  than  the  state.  The 
Greensboro-Winston  Salem-High  Point  area  grew  slightly  slower  than  the  state  as  b 
whole.  The  Ashe\allc,  Fayetteville,  Goldsboro,  Hickor>'-Morganton-Lenoir,  and  Rock) 
Mount  areas  all  grew  somewhat  slower  than  the  state  as  a  whole.  The  Jacksonvilk 
metropolitan  area  lost  population  during  this  time  period. 


1026 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 

Within  some  of  the  multicounty  metropolitan  areas,  there  were  vast  differences 
in  growth.  Within  the  Raleigh-Durham-Chapel  Hill  area,  both  Johnston  and  Wake 
counties  grew  more  than  three  times  as  fast  as  Durham  County  and  both  had  over  six 
times  the  rate  of  net  migration  that  Durham  County  had.  Within  the  Charlotte- 
Gastonia-Rock  Hill  area.  Union  County  grew  more  than  nine  times  as  fast  as  Gaston 
County,  which  had  net  out-migration.  Within  the  Rocky  Mount  area,  Nash  County 
grew  a  little  faster  than  the  state;  Edgecombe  County  lost  population. 

Both  the  Fayetteville  and  the  Jacksonville  metropolitan  areas  have  the  same 
unusual  population  growth  pattern,  extremely  large  numbers  of  births  combined 
with  net  out-migration.  Each  of  these  areas  contains  a  large  military  base.  Thus,  one 
may  assume  that  as  population  is  rotated  through  the  bases,  more  than  one  family 
may  live  in  the  same  housing  unit  during  the  growth  period.  If  a  family  enters  the 
county,  experiences  a  birth,  and  leaves  the  county,  the  effect  is  one  birth  and  one  net 
out-migrant.  Thus,  the  net  migration  for  these  areas  becomes  meaningless  by  itself. 

For  more  information  on  North  Carolina's  population  and  other  demographic 
information,  visit  the  Department  of  Commerces  Policy,  Research  and  Strategic 
Research  Division  Web  site  at  http://cmedis.commerce.state.nc.us/. 

The  Ofhce  of  State  Planning  provides  a  wide  variety  of  statistical  data  on  North 
Carolina  to  the  public.  For  more  information,  visit  the  ofhce s  Web  site  at  http:// 
demog. state. nc. us/frame  start.html. 

The  following  tables  of  population  data  were  compiled  by  the  State  Demographics 
Unit  of  the  Ofhce  of  State  Planning. 


1027 


NORTH  CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Certified  County  Population  Estimates 


July  2003 

April  2000 

percent 

county 

estimate 

census 

growth 

growth 

ALAMANCE 

136.372 

130.794 

5,578 

4.6 

ALEXANDER 

34.532 

33,603 

929 

2.8 

ALLEGHANY 

10,790 

10,677 

113 

1.1 

ANSON 

25,224 

25,275 

-51 

-0.2 

ASHE 

25,086 

24,384 

702 

2.9 

AVERY 

18,093 

17,167 

926 

5.4 

BEAUFORT 

45,589 

44.958 

631 

1.4 

BERTIE 

19,813 

19,757 

56 

0.3 

BLADEN 

32.784 

32,278 

506 

1.6 

BRUNSWICK 

81,810 

73,141 

8,669 

11.9 

BUNCOMBE 

212,246 

206,310 

5,936 

2.9 

BURKE 

88,790 

89.145 

-355 

-0.4 

CABARRUS 

143.433 

131,063 

12.370 

9.4 

CALDWELL 

78,132 

77,708 

424 

0.5 

CAMDEN 

7,844 

6.885 

959 

13.9 

CARTERET 

60,574 

59,383 

1,191 

2.0 

CASWELL 

23,720 

23,501 

219 

0.9 

CATAWBA 

146,458 

141,686 

4,772 

3.4 

CHATHAM 

53,684 

49,329 

4,355 

8.8 

CHEROKEE 

25,280 

24,298 

982 

4.0 

CHOWAN 

14.366 

14,150 

216 

1.5 

CLAY 

9,368 

8,775 

593 

6.8 

CLEVELAND 

97,548 

96,290 

1.258 

1.3 

COLUMBUS 

54,557 

54,749 

-192 

-0.4 

1028 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


July  2003 

April  2000 

percent 

county 

estimate 

census 

growth 

growth 

CRAVEN 

92,692 

91,523 

1,169 

1.3 

CUMBERLAND 

307,856 

302,963 

4,893 

1.6 

CURRITUCK 

20,598 

18,190 

2,408 

13.2 

DARE 

33,328 

29,967 

3,361 

11.2 

DAVIDSON 

151,935 

147,246 

4,689 

3.2 

DAVIE 

37,222 

34,835 

2,387 

6.9 

DUPLIN 

50,775 

49,063 

1,712 

3.5 

DURHAM 

236,088 

223,314 

12,774 

5.7 

EDGECOMBE 

54,077 

55,606 

-1,529 

-2.7 

FORSYTH 

317,643 

306,067 

11,576 

3.8 

FRANKLIN 

51,652 

47,260 

4,392 

9.3 

GASTON 

191,236 

190,301 

935 

0.5 

GATES 

10,834 

10,516 

318 

3.0 

GRAHAM 

8,044 

7,993 

51 

0.6 

GRANVILLE 

52,442 

48,498 

3,944 

8.1 

GREENE 

19,882 

18,974 

908 

4.8 

GUILFORD 

431,199 

421,048 

10,151 

2.4 

HALIFAX 

56,874 

57,370 

-496 

-0.9 

HARNETT 

97,794 

91,025 

6,769 

7.4 

HAYWOOD 

55,822 

54,033 

1,789 

3.3 

HENDERSON 

94,496 

89,193 

5,303 

5.9 

HERTFORD 

23,755 

22,977 

778 

3.4 

HOKE 

36,990 

33,646 

3,344 

9.9 

HYDE 

5,720 

5,826 

-106 

-1.8 

1029 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Certified  County  Population  Estimates 


county 

July  2003 
estimate 

April  2000 
census 

growth 

percent 
growth 

IREDELL 

133,280 

122,660 

10.620 

8.7 

JACKSON 

34,990 

33,121 

1,869 

5.6 

JOHNSTON 

136,304 

121,900 

14,404 

11.8 

JONES 

10,184 

10,403 

-219 

-2.1 

LEE 

49,792 

49,208 

584 

1.2 

LENOIR 

58,900 

59,614 

-714 

-1.2 

LINCOLN 

67,394 

63,780 

3.614 

5.7 

MCDOWELL 

43,080 

42,151 

929 

2.2 

MACON 

31,376 

29.808 

1.568 

5.3 

MADISON 

19,976 

19,635 

341 

1.7 

MARTIN 

24,928 

25,546 

-618 

-2.4 

MECKLENBURG 

750,221 

695,370 

54,851 

7.9 

MITCHELL 

15,925 

15,687 

238 

1.5 

MONTGOMERY 

27,332 

26,822 

510 

1.9 

MOORE 

78,226 

74.762 

3,464 

4.6 

NASH 

89,626 

87,385 

2.241 

2.6 

NEW  HANOVER 

169,050 

160,327 

8,723 

5.4 

NORTHAMPTON 

21,798 

22,086 

-288 

-1.3 

ONSLOW 

156,967 

150,355 

6.612 

4.4 

ORANGE 

120,881 

115,537 

5.344 

4.6 

PAMLICO 

12,992 

12,934 

58 

0.4 

PASQUOTANK 

36,432 

34,897 

1.535 

4.4 

PENDER 

43,699 

41,082 

2,617 

6.4 

PERQUIMANS 

11,712 

11,368 

344 

3.0 

PERSON 

36,980 

35,623 

1.357 

3.8 

PITT 

139,007 

133,719 

5.288 

4.0 

POLK 

18,896 

18,324 

572 

3.1 

RANDOLPH 

134,980 

130,471 

4.509 

3.5 

1030 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA  CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


July  2003 

April  2000 

percent 

county 

estimate 

census 

growth 

growth 

RICHMOND 

46,490 

46,564 

-74 

-0.2 

ROBESON 

125,554 

123,245 

2,309 

1.9 

ROCKINGHAM 

92,423 

91,928 

495 

0.5 

ROWAN 

133,134 

130,340 

2,794 

2.1 

RUTHERFORD 

63,432 

62,901 

531 

0.8 

SAMPSON 

62,214 

60,161 

2,053 

3.4 

SCOTLAND 

35,506 

35,998 

-492 

-1.4 

STANLY 

59,060 

58,100 

960 

1.7 

STOKES 

45,604 

44,711 

893 

2.0 

SURRY 

71,980 

71,219 

761 

1.1 

SWAIN 

13,353 

12,968 

385 

3.0 

TRANSYLVANIA 

29,468 

29,334 

134 

0.5 

TYRRELL 

4,226 

4,149 

77 

1.9 

UNION 

144,708 

123,772 

20,936 

16.9 

VANCE 

43,860 

42,954 

906 

2.1 

WAKE 

699,503 

627,866 

71,637 

11.4 

WARREN 

20,054 

19,972 

82 

0.4 

WASHINGTON 

13,468 

13,723 

-255 

-1.9 

WATAUGA 

42,772 

42,693 

79 

0.2 

WAYNE 

113,988 

113,329 

659 

0.6 

WILKES 

66,909 

65,632 

1,277 

1.9 

WILSON 

75,662 

73,811 

1,851 

2.5 

YADKIN 

36,821 

36,348 

473 

1.3 

YANCEY 

17,926 

17,774 

152 

0.9 

total  8,418,090     8,046,  807      371,283  4.6 


1031 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004-2009  Projected  Annual  County  Population 


county 

July  2004 

July  2005 

July  2006 

July  20 

ALAMANCE 

138,754 

141,139 

143.630 

146.120 

ALEXANDER 

35,165 

35,752 

36,362 

36,978 

ALLEGHANY 

10,912 

11,013 

11,121 

11.219 

ANSON 

25,384 

25,553 

25,713 

25,850 

ASHE 

25,320 

25,500 

25,680 

25.861 

AVERY 

18,221 

18,395 

18,572 

18.749 

BEAUFORT 

45,816 

46,051 

46,288 

46.536 

BERTIE 

19.748 

19,675 

19,611 

19.521 

BLADEN 

33.119 

33,493 

33,892 

34.262 

BRUNSWICK 

83.787 

85,955 

88,086 

90.188 

BUNCOMBE 

215.468 

218,677 

221.878 

225.160 

BURKE 

89,943 

91,148 

92,424 

93.714 

CABARRUS 

146,852 

150,447 

154,194 

158,100 

CALDWELL 

78,606 

79,172 

79,735 

80.324 

CAMDEN 

7.852 

7.947 

8.045 

8.156 

CARTERET 

61,122 

61.636 

62.100 

62.592 

CASWELL 

23,965 

24,257 

24,548 

24.835 

CATAWBA 

148,797 

151,169 

153.566 

156.000 

CHATHAM 

54,645 

55,689 

56,754 

57.817 

CHEROKEE 

25,694 

26,086 

26,461 

26.817 

CHOWAN 

14,453 

14,497 

14.544 

14.601 

CLAY 

9,499 

9,647 

9.787 

9.923 

CLEVELAND 

98,497 

99,523 

100.522 

101.585 

COLUMBUS 

54,917 

55,441 

55,996 

56.504 

CRAVEN 

93,454 

94,067 

94.602 

95.140 

CUMBERLAND 

311,526 

315,122 

318,204 

321.184 

CURRITUCK 

21,059 

21,492 

21.934 

22.400 

DARE 

33,906 

34,598 

35.286 

35,999 

1032 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


July  2008 

July  2009 

148,708 

151,484 

37,600 

38,248 

11,335 

11,440 

25,993 

26,151 

26,047 

26,280 

18,749 

18,899 

46,827 

47,145 

19,435 

19,339 

34,615 

34,993 

92,267 

94,349 

228,616 

232,227 

95,066 

96,394 

162,158 

166,344 

80,926 

81,506 

8,277 

8,400 

63,066 

63,563 

25,153 

25,470 

158,601 

161,295 

58,913 

60,066 

27,179 

27,552 

14,661 

14,729 

10,053 

10,178 

102,645 

103,702 

57,027 

57,533 

95,623 

96,199 

324,137 

327,091 

22,887 

23,382 

36,703 

37,435 

county 

ALAMANCE 
ALEXANDER 
ALLEGHANY 
ANSON 

ASHE 
AVERY 
BEAUFORT 
BERTIE 

BLADEN 
BRUNSWICK 
BUNCOMBE 
BURKE 

CABARRUS 
CALDWELL 
CAMDEN 
CARTERET 

CASWELL 
CATAWBA 
CHATHAM 
CHEROKEE 

CHOWAN 
CLAY 

CLEVELAND 
COLUMBUS 

CRAVEN 
CUMBERLAND 
CURRITUCK 
DARE 


1033 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2004-2009  Projected  Annual  County  Population 


county 

July  2004 

July  2005 

July  2006 

July  2007 

DAVIDSON 

153,897 

155,896 

157.854 

159.884 

DAVIE 

37,871 

38,574 

39.301 

40.046 

DUPLIN 

51,821 

52,871 

53.920 

54,997 

DURHAM 

239,662 

243,322 

246,926 

250,438 

EDGECOMBE 

53,777 

53,596 

53,439 

53.278 

FORSYTH 

321,852 

325,957 

330.136 

334.427 

FRANKLIN 

52,855 

54,055 

55,246 

56.433 

GASTON 

192,650 

194,077 

195,475 

196.725 

GATES 

10,882 

10.984 

11,098 

11.213 

GRAHAM 

8,137 

8.215 

8,291 

8.355 

GRANVILLE 

53,346 

54,332 

55,357 

56.361 

GREENE 

20,262 

20.664 

21.086 

21,507 

GUILFORD 

438,520 

446,189 

453,891 

461.774 

HALIFAX 

56,947 

57,053 

57,146 

57.203 

HARNETT 

100,271 

102,797 

105,361 

107.947 

HAYWOOD 

56,418 

57,085 

57,734 

58.871 

HENDERSON 

96,370 

98,304 

100,220 

102,160 

HERTFORD 

23,794 

23,823 

23,857 

28,906 

HOKE 

38,193 

39,446 

40,751 

42,079 

HYDE 

5,792 

5,822 

5,876 

5,914 

IREDELL 

136.387 

139,468 

142,644 

145,962 

JACKSON 

35,627 

36,298 

36,857 

37,896 

JOHNSTON 

140,719 

145,240 

149.824 

154,538 

JONES 

10,257 

10,347 

10.481 

10,497 

LEE 

50,561 

51,427 

52.330 

53,261 

LENOIR 

59,091 

59,237 

59.377 

59,500 

LINCOLN 

68,630 

69,962 

71.838 

72.791 

MCDOWELL 

43,647 

44,286 

44.929 

45,578 

1034 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA  CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


July  2008 

July  2009 

161,965 

164,112 

40,819 

41,633 

56,083 

57,170 

254,112 

257,821 

53,076 

52,875 

338,879 

343,563 

57,636 

58,877 

198,036 

199,439 

11,329 

11,452 

8,427 

8,498 

57,383 

58,424 

21,876 

22,251 

469,907 

478,309 

57,264 

57,343 

110,587 

113,334 

59,018 

59,692 

104,196 

106,263 

23,995 

24,004 

43,439 

44,820 

5,950 

5,981 

149,401 

152,981 

37,937 

38,470 

159,378 

164,362 

10,572 

10,617 

54,190 

55,154 

59,647 

59818 

74,310 

75,884 

46,237 

46,993 

county 

DAVIDSON 
DAVIE 
DUPLIN 
DURHAM 

EDGECOMBE 
FORSYTH 
FRANKLIN 
GASTON 

GATES 
GRAHAM 
GRANVILLE 
GREENE 

GUILFORD 
HALIFAX 
HARNETT 
HAYWOOD 

HENDERSON 
HERTFORD 
HOKE 
HYDE 

IREDELL 
JACKSON 
JOHNSTON 
JONES 

LEE 

LENOIR 
LINCOLN 
MCDOWELL 


1035 


NORTH   CAROLINA  MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004-2009  Projected  Annual  County  Population 


county 

July  2004 

July  2005 

July  2006 

July  2007 

MACON 

31,968 

32,567 

33.162 

32.777 

MADISON 

20,196 

20.439 

20.679 

20.932 

MARTIN 

24,930 

24,940 

24.955 

24.970 

MECKLENBURG 

769,843 

789,940 

810,435 

831.397 

MITCHELL 

16,052 

16.164 

16,273 

16.370 

MONTGOMERY 

27,680 

28,012 

28,349 

28.701 

MOORE 

79,900 

81.383 

82,876 

84.411 

NASH 

90,546 

91.544 

92.553 

93.566 

NEW  HANOVER 

172,780 

176,575 

180,211 

183.890 

NORTHAMPTON 

21,820 

21,903 

21.975 

22.066 

ONSLOW 

159.817 

162,219 

163.014 

163.673 

ORANGE 

123,196 

125,577 

127,834 

130,148 

PAMLICO 

13,071 

13,200 

13,313 

13.423 

PASQUOTANK 

36,681 

37.006 

37,340 

37.630 

PENDER 

44,820 

46.022 

47,221 

48,443 

PERQUIMANS 

11,806 

11,890 

11,953 

12,022 

PERSON 

37,594 

38,118 

38,671 

39.242 

PITT 

141,019 

143,158 

145,277 

147,364 

POLK 

19,194 

19,562 

19,919 

20,295 

RANDOLPH 

137,385 

139,919 

142,440 

145,025 

RICHMOND 

46,594 

46.690 

46,782 

46.898 

ROBESON 

127,253 

128.970 

130.734 

132,465 

ROCKINGHAM 

92,893 

93.370 

93.883 

94.419 

ROWAN 

135,147 

137,183 

139.282 

141,479 

RUTHERFORD 

63,861 

64.387 

64.931 

65,469 

SAMPSON 

63,597 

65,031 

66,498 

67,968 

SCOTLAND 

35,690 

35.874 

36,050 

36,203 

STANLY 

59,533 

60,141 

60,762 

61,376 

1036 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


July  2008 

July  2009 

34,443 

35,121 

21,181 

21,459 

24,988 

25,006 

853,038 

875,318 

16,472 

16,581 

29,068 

29,488 

85,955 

87,569 

94,645 

95,747 

187,599 

191,450 

22,142 

22,219 

164,245 

164,710 

132,465 

134,855 

13,534 

13,643 

37,912 

38,193 

49,700 

50,963 

12,113 

12,212 

39,814 

39,814 

149,527 

151,810 

20,679 

21,055 

147,710 

150,552 

47,023 

47,134 

134,229 

136,082 

94,976 

95,574 

143,715 

146,020 

66,032 

66,834 

69,480 

71,021 

36,369 

36,530 

62,081 

62,851 

county 

MACON 
MADISON 
MARTIN 
MECKLENBURG 

MITCHELL 
MONTGOMERY 
MOORE 
NASH 

NEW  HANOVER 
NORTHAMPTON 
ONSLOW 
ORANGE 

PAMLICO 
PASQUOTANK 
PENDER 
PERQUIMANS 

PERSON 
PITT 
POLK 
RANDOLPH 

RICHMOND 
ROBESON 
ROCKINGHAM 
ROWAN 

RUTHERFORD 
SAMPSON 
SCOTLAND 
STANLY 

1037 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 


2004-2009  Projected  Annual  County  Population 


county 

July  2004 

July  2005 

July  2006 

July  2007 

STOKES 

46,356 

47,059 

47.754 

48.465 

SURRY 

72.810 

73,717 

74.610 

75.561 

SWAIN 

13,573 

13,746 

13.924 

14.092 

TRANSYLVANIA 

29,799 

30.130 

30.439 

30,735 

TYRRELL 

4.246 

4.278 

4.312 

4.345 

UNION 

149,045 

153.440 

157.927 

162.611 

VANCE 

44,216 

44,632 

45.100 

45,531 

WAKE 

721.437 

744.024 

767.138 

790.977 

WARREN 

20,286 

20.518 

20.769 

21.035 

WASHINGTON 

13.435 

13.420 

13.386 

13.321 

WATAUGA 

43.170 

43.497 

43.850 

44.233 

WAYNE 

114,778 

115.569 

116,424 

117.295 

WILKES 

67.509 

68.112 

68.741 

69,347 

WILSON 

76,312 

77.065 

77,835 

78.630 

YADKIN 

37,524 

38,133 

38,768 

39,427 

YANCEY 

18,131 

18,355 

18.566 

18,759 

total 


8,562,210      8,709,947  8,857,140  9,006,662 


1038 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


July  2008 

July  2009 

49,184 

49,959 

76,543 

77,591 

14,263 

14,439 

31,036 

31,327 

4,380 

4,418 

167,378 

172,307 

45,984 

46,473 

815,512 

840,808 

21,296 

21,562 

13,252 

13,174 

44,659 

45,112 

118,207 

119,200 

69,974 

70,640 

79,460 

80,333 

40,114 

40,834 

18,954 

19,159 

county 

STOKES 
SURRY 
SWAIN 
TRANSYLVANIA 

TYRRELL 
UNION 
VANCE 
WAKE 

WARREN 
WASHINGTON 
WATAUGA 
WAYNE 

WILKES 
WILSON 
YADKIN 
YANCEY 


9,160,357  9,319,179  total 


1039 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growtl 

ABERDEEN 

3,400 

3,825 

425 

12.5 

AHOSKIE 

4,523 

4,478 

-45 

-1.0 

ALAMANCE 

310 

348 

38 

12.3 

ALBEMARLE 

15,680 

15,694 

14 

0.1 

ALLIANCE 

785 

793 

8 

1.0 

ANDREWS 

1,602 

1,826 

224 

14.0 

ANGIER 

3,419 

3,748 

329 

9.6 

ANSONVILLE 

636 

632 

-4 

-0.6 

APEX 

20,212 

24.701 

4,489 

22.2 

ARAPAHOE 

436 

432 

-4 

-0.9 

ARCHDALE 

9,007 

9,339 

332 

3.7 

ASHEBORO 

21,672 

22,709 

1,037 

4.8 

ASHEVILLE 

68,889 

71,750 

2,861 

4.2 

ASKEWVILLE 

180 

177 

-3 

-1.7 

ATKINSON 

236 

239 

3 

1.3 

ATLANTIC  BEACH 

1,781 

1.765 

-16 

-0.9 

AULANDER 

922 

897 

-25 

-2.7 

AURORA 

583 

576 

-7 

-1.2 

AUTRYVILLE 

196 

200 

4 

2.0 

AYDEN 

4,622 

4,642 

20 

0.4 

BADIN 

1,154 

1,124 

-30 

-2.6 

BAILEY 

670 

684 

14 

2.1 

BAKERSVILLE 

357 

360 

3 

0.8 

BALD  HEAD  ISLAND 

173 

205 

32 

18.5 

BANNER  ELK 

828 

987 

159 

19.2 

BATH 

275 

281 

6 

2.2 

BAYBORO 

741 

741 

0 

0.0 

BEAR  GRASS 

68 

65 

-3 

-4.4 

1040 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA 


CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

BEAUFORT 

3,771 

3,810 

39 

1.0 

BEECH  MOUNTAIN 

310 

309 

-1 

-0.3 

BELHAVEN 

1,968 

1,937 

-31 

-1.6 

BELMONT 

8,794 

8,828 

34 

0.4 

BELVILLE 

363 

407 

44 

12.1 

BELWOOD 

962 

1,001 

39 

4.1 

BENSON 

2,993 

3,232 

239 

8.0 

BERMUDA  RUN 

1,431 

1,470 

39 

2.7 

BESSEMER  CITY 

5,119 

5,180 

61 

1.2 

BETHANIA 

354 

364 

10 

2.8 

BETHEL 

1,760 

1,749 

-11 

-0.6 

BEULAVILLE 

1,067 

1,078 

11 

1.0 

BILTMORE  FOREST 

1,440 

1,456 

16 

1.1 

BISCOE 

1,700 

1,746 

46 

2.7 

BLACK  CREEK 

714 

724 

10 

1.4 

BLACK  MOUNTAIN 

7,511 

7,616 

105 

1.4 

BLADENBORO 

1,718 

1,710 

-8 

-0.5 

BLOWING  ROCK 

1,418 

1,424 

6 

0.4 

BOARDMAN 

202 

200 

-2 

-1.0 

BOGUE 

590 

615 

25 

4.2 

BOILING  SPRING  LAKES 

2,972 

3,427 

455 

15.3 

BOILING  SPRINGS 

3,866 

3,944 

78 

2.0 

BOLIVIA 

148 

151 

3 

2.0 

BOLTON 

494 

488 

-6 

-1.2 

BOONE 

13,470 

13,901 

431 

3.2 

BOONVILLE 

1,138 

1,140 

2 

0.2 

BOSTIC 

328 

325 

-3 

-0.9 

BREVARD 

6,789 

6,748 

-41 

-0.6 

1041 


NORTH    CAROLINA    MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


niunicipdlity 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

BRIDGETON 

328 

313 

-15 

-4.6 

BROADWAY 

1,015 

1.015 

0 

0.0 

BROOKFORD 

434 

430 

-4 

-0.9 

BRUNSWICK 

360 

1,058 

698 

193.9 

BRYSON  CITY 

1,411 

1,435 

24 

1.7 

BUNN 

357 

376 

19 

5.3 

BURGAW 

3,337 

3,493 

156 

4.7 

BURLINGTON 

44,917 

46,315 

1.398 

3.1 

BURNSVILLE 

1,623 

1,626 

3 

0.2 

CAJAH'S  MOUNTAIN 

2,694 

2,711 

17 

0.6 

CALABASH 

711 

1,334 

623 

87.6 

CALYPSO 

410 

430 

20 

4.9 

CAMERON 

151 

289 

138 

91.4 

CANDOR 

825 

839 

14 

1.7 

CANTON 

4,029 

4,080 

51 

1.3 

CAPE  CARTERET 

1,214 

1,283 

69 

5.7 

CAROLINA  BEACH 

4,778 

5,316 

538 

11.3 

CAROLINA  SHORES 

1,482 

2,120 

638 

43.0 

CARRBORO 

16,782 

17,585 

803 

4.8 

CARTHAGE 

1,884 

2,132 

248 

13.2 

CARY 

94.536 

106,304 

11,768 

12.4 

CASAR 

308 

308 

0 

0.0 

CASTALIA 

340 

352 

12 

3.5 

CASWELL  BEACH 

370 

425 

55 

14.9 

CATAWBA 

698 

717 

19 

2.7 

CEDAR  POINT 

929 

959 

30 

3.2 

CEDAR  ROCK 

315 

316 

1 

0.3 

CENTERVILLE 

99 

104 

5 

5.1 

1042 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

CERRO  GORDO 

244 

242 

-2 

-0.8 

CHADBOURN 

2,129 

2,111 

-18 

-0.8 

CHAPEL  HILL 

46,019 

51,485 

5,466 

11.9 

CHARLOTTE 

540,167 

599,771 

59,604 

11.0 

CHERRYVILLE 

5,361 

5,527 

166 

3.1 

CHIMNEY  ROCK 

175 

178 

3 

1.7 

CHINA  GROVE 

3,616 

3,855 

239 

6.6 

CHOCOWINITY 

733 

721 

-12 

-1.6 

CLAREMONT 

1,060 

1,077 

17 

1.6 

CLARKTON 

705 

789 

84 

11.9 

CLAYTON 

8,126 

10,245 

2,119 

26.1 

CLEMMONS 

13,827 

16,543 

2,716 

19.6 

CLEVELAND 

808 

815 

7 

0.9 

CLINTON 

8,600 

8,650 

50 

0.6 

CLYDE 

1,324 

1,373 

49 

3.7 

COATS 

1,845 

1,951 

106 

5.7 

COFIELD 

347 

334 

-13 

-3.7 

COLERAIN 

221 

219 

-2 

-0.9 

COLUMBIA 

819 

849 

30 

3.7 

COLUMBUS 

992 

1,040 

48 

4.8 

COMO 

78 

74 

-4 

-5.1 

CONCORD 

55,977 

61,070 

5,093 

9.1 

CONETOE 

365 

361 

-4 

-1.1 

CONNELLY  SPRINGS 

1,814 

1,870 

56 

3.1 

CONOVER 

6,667 

7,040 

373 

5.6 

CONWAY 

734 

720 

-14 

-1.9 

COOLEEMEE 

905 

923 

18 

2.0 

CORNELIUS 

11,969 

15,399 

3,430 

28.7 

1043 


NORTH    CAROLINA    MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


nninii;  i[i.ilitv 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

COVE  CITY 

433 

421 

-12 

-2.8 

CRAMERTON 

2.976 

3,016 

40 

1.3 

CREEDMOOR 

2,232 

2,548 

316 

14.2 

CRESWELL 

278 

266 

-12 

-4.3 

CROSSNORE 

242 

297 

55 

22.7 

DALLAS 

3,402 

3,556 

154 

4.5 

DANBURY 

108 

107 

-1 

-0.9 

DAVIDSON 

7,139 

7,855 

716 

10.0 

DENTON 

1,450 

1,476 

26 

1.8 

DILLSBORO 

205 

233 

28 

13.7 

DOBBINS  HEIGHTS 

936 

912 

-24 

-2.6 

DOBSON 

1,457 

1,480 

23 

1.6 

DORTCHES 

809 

819 

10 

1.2 

DOVER 

443 

442 

-1 

-0.2 

DREXEL 

1,938 

1,915 

-23 

-1.2 

DUBLIN 

250 

253 

3 

1.2 

DUCK 

448 

509 

61 

13.6 

DUNN 

9,196 

9,665 

469 

5.1 

DURHAM 

187,035 

201,660 

14,625 

7.8 

EARL 

234 

235 

1 

0.4 

EAST  ARCADIA 

524 

534 

10 

1.9 

EAST  BEND 

659 

659 

0 

0.0 

EAST  LAURINBURG 

295 

289 

-6 

-2.0 

EAST  SPENCER 

1,755 

1,723 

-32 

-1.8 

EDEN 

15,908 

15,834 

-74 

-0.5 

EDENTON 

5,058 

5,042 

-16 

-0.3 

ELIZABETH  CITY 

17,243 

17,686 

443 

2.6 

ELIZABETHTOWN 

3,698 

3,699 

1 

0.0 

1044 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA  CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

ELKIN 
ELK  PARK 
ELLENBORO 
ELLERBE 

ELM  CITY 
ELON 

EMERALD  ISLE 
ENFIELD 

ERWIN 
EUREKA 
EVERETTS 
FAIR  BLUFF 

FAIRMONT 
FAIRVIEW 
FAISON 
FAITH 

FALCON 
FALKLAND 
FALLSTON 
FARMVILLE 

FAYETTEVILLE 
FLAT  ROCK 
FLETCHER 
FOREST  CITY 

FOREST  HILLS 
FOUNTAIN 
FOUR  OAKS 
FOXFIRE  VILLAGE 


April  2000 

July  2003 

%  growth 

growth 

4,109 

4,092 

-17 

-0.4 

459 

464 

5 

1.1 

479 

476 

-3 

-0.6 

1,021 

1,000 

-21 

-2.1 

1,412 

1,391 

-21 

-1.5 

6,748 

7,177 

429 

6.4 

3,488 

3,609 

121 

3.5 

2,370 

2,409 

39 

1.6 

4,537 

4,697 

160 

3.5 

244 

240 

-4 

-1.6 

179 

176 

-3 

-1.7 

1,181 

1,217 

36 

3.0 

2,604 

2,647 

43 

1.7 

3,017 

3,694 

677 

22.4 

744 

755 

11 

1.5 

695 

699 

4 

0.6 

343 

337 

-6 

-1.7 

112 

113 

1 

0.9 

603 

611 

8 

1.3 

4,421 

4,591 

170 

3.8 

121,015 

130,692 

9,677 

8.0 

2,565 

2,738 

173 

6.7 

4,185 

4,960 

775 

18.5 

7,549 

7,405 

-144 

-1.9 

330 

339 

9 

2.7 

533 

538 

5 

0.9 

1,514 

1,718 

204 

13.5 

474 

494 

20 

4.2 

1045 


NORTH    CAROLINA    MANUAL      2003-2004 


2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

FRANKLIN 

3,490 

3.629 

139 

4.0 

FRANKLINTON 

1,745 

1,831 

86 

4.9 

FRANKLINVILLE 

1,258 

1,321 

63 

5.0 

FREMONT 

1,463 

1,428 

-35 

-2.4 

FUQUAY-VARINA 

7,898 

9,726 

1,828 

23.1 

GAMEWELL 

3,721 

3,748 

27 

0.7 

GARLAND 

808 

785 

-23 

-2.8 

GARNER 

17,757 

20.144 

2,357 

13.3 

GARYSBURG 

1,254 

1,240 

-14 

-1.1 

GASTON 

973 

997 

24 

2.5 

GASTONIA 

66,355 

68,513 

2.158 

3.3 

GATESVILLE 

281 

281 

0 

0.0 

GIBSON 

584 

574 

-10 

-1.7 

GIBSONVILLE 

4,418 

4,554 

136 

3.1 

GLEN  ALPINE 

1,090 

1,115 

25 

2.3 

GODWIN 

112 

114 

2 

1.8 

GOLDSBORO 

39,147 

38,522 

-625 

-1.6 

GOLDSTON 

319 

335 

16 

5.0 

GRAHAM 

12,833 

13,316 

483 

3.8 

GRANDFATHER  VILLAGE 

73 

78 

5 

6.8 

GRANITE  FALLS 

4,611 

4,660 

49 

1.1 

GRANITE  QUARRY 

2,175 

2,211 

36 

1.7 

GRANTSBORO 

754 

822 

68 

9.0 

GREENEVERS 

560 

570 

10 

1.8 

GREENLEVEL 

2,042 

2,136 

94 

4.6 

GREENSBORO 

223,891 

229,180 

5,289 

2.4 

GREENVILLE 

61.209 

65,782 

4,573 

7.5 

GRIFTON 

2.123 

2,303 

180 

8.5 

1046 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA  CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

GRIMESLAND 

440 

438 

-2 

-0.5 

GROVER 

698 

698 

0 

0.0 

HALIFAX 

344 

339 

-5 

-1.5 

HAMILTON 

516 

502 

-14 

-2.7 

HAMLET 

6,018 

5,895 

-123 

-2.0 

HARMONY 

526 

556 

30 

5.7 

HARRELLS 

200 

206 

6 

3.0 

HARRELLSVILLE 

102 

99 

-3 

-2.9 

HARRISBURG 

4,493 

5,117 

624 

13.9 

HASSELL 

76 

73 

-3 

-3.9 

HAVELOCK 

22,442 

22,861 

419 

1.9 

HAW  RIVER 

1,908 

1,941 

33 

1.7 

HAYESVILLE 

458 

478 

20 

4.4 

HEMBY  BRIDGE 

1,414 

1,568 

154 

10.9 

HENDERSON 

16,095 

16,484 

389 

2.4 

HENDERSONVILLE 

10,569 

11,674 

1,105 

10.5 

HERTFORD 

2,070 

2,080 

10 

0.5 

HICKORY 

37,222 

38,874 

1,652 

4.4 

HIGHLANDS 

915 

929 

14 

1.5 

HIGH  POINT 

85,839 

89,203 

3,364 

3.9 

HIGH  SHOALS 

729 

737 

8 

1.1 

HILDEBRAN 

1,472 

1,747 

275 

18.7 

HILLSBOROUGH 

5,446 

5,541 

95 

1.7 

HOBGOOD 

404 

397 

-7 

-1.7 

HOFFMAN 

624 

648 

24 

3.8 

HOLDEN  BEACH 

787 

836 

49 

6.2 

HOLLY  RIDGE 

831 

837 

6 

0.7 

HOLLY  SPRINGS 

9,192 

12,375 

3,183 

34.6 

1047 


NORTH    CAROLINA    MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


niiiniciptilitv 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

HOOKERTON 

467 

479 

12 

2.6 

HOPE  MILLS 

11.237 

12,086 

849 

7.6 

HOT  SPRINGS 

645 

652 

7 

1.1 

HUDSON 

3,078 

3,094 

16 

0.5 

HUNTERSVILLE 

24,960 

29,387 

4,427 

17.7 

INDIAN  BEACH 

95 

92 

-3 

-3.2 

INDIAN  TRAIL 

11,749 

16,152 

4,403 

37.5 

JACKSON 

695 

687 

-8 

-1.2 

JACKSONVILLE 

66,715 

72,829 

6,114 

9.2 

JAMESTOWN 

3,088 

3.092 

4 

0.1 

JAMESVILLE 

502 

481 

-21 

-4.2 

JEFFERSON 

1,422 

1,461 

39 

2.7 

JONESVILLE 

2,259 

2,239 

-20 

-0.9 

KANNAPOLIS 

36,910 

38,679 

1,769 

4.8 

KELFORD 

245 

248 

3 

1.2 

KENANSVILLE 

1,149 

1,181 

32 

2.8 

KENLY 

1,675 

1,780 

105 

6.3 

KERNERSVILLE 

17,126 

20,494 

3,368 

19.7 

KILL  DEVIL  HILLS 

5,897 

6,4,34 

537 

9.1 

KING 

5,952 

6,102 

150 

2.5 

KINGS  MOUNTAIN 

9,693 

10,540 

847 

8.7 

KINGSTOWN 

845 

839 

-6 

-0.7 

KINSTON 

23,688 

23,139 

-549 

-2.3 

KITTRELL 

148 

143 

-5 

-3.4 

KITTY  HAWK 

2,991 

3,301 

310 

10.4 

KNIGHTDALE 

5,958 

6.484 

526 

8.8 

KURE  BEACH 

1,542 

1,755 

213 

13.8 

LA  GRANGE 

2,844 

2,825 

-19 

-0.7 

1048 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA 


CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

LAKE  LURE 

1,027 

1,045 

18 

1.8 

LAKE  PARK 

2,093 

2,554 

461 

22.0 

LAKE  WACCAMAW 

1,411 

1,368 

-43 

-3.0 

LANDIS 

2,996 

3,027 

31 

1.0 

LANSING 

151 

150 

-1 

-0.7 

LASKER 

103 

98 

-5 

-4.9 

LATTIMORE 

419 

432 

13 

3.1 

LAUREL  PARK 

2,017 

2,100 

83 

4.1 

LAURINBURG 

15,874 

15,815 

-59 

-0.4 

LAWNDALE 

642 

642 

0 

0.0 

LEGGETT 

77 

72 

-5 

-6.5 

LELAND 

1,938 

4,703 

2,765 

142.7 

LENOIR 

16,774 

18,411 

1,637 

9.8 

LEWISTON  WOODVILLE 

613 

602 

-11 

-1.8 

LEWISVILLE 

8,826 

9,613 

787 

8.9 

LEXINGTON 

19,953 

20,492 

539 

2.7 

LIBERTY 

2,661 

2,730 

69 

2.6 

LILESVILLE 

459 

453 

-6 

-1.3 

LILLINGTON 

2,915 

3,005 

90 

3.1 

LINCOLNTON 

9,965 

10,339 

374 

3.8 

LINDEN 

127 

122 

-5 

-3.9 

LITTLETON 

692 

683 

-9 

-1.3 

LOCUST 

2,416 

2,500 

84 

3.5 

LONG  VIEW 

4,722 

4,786 

64 

1.4 

LOUISBURG 

3,111 

3,249 

138 

4.4 

LOVE  VALLEY 

30 

50 

20 

66.7 

LOWELL 

2,662 

2,644 

-18 

-0.7 

LUCAMA 

876 

878 

2 

0.2 

1049 


NORTH    CAROLI  N  A    MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

LUMBER  BRIDGE 

118 

118 

0 

0.0 

LUMBERTON 

20.795 

22.192 

1.397 

6.7 

MACCLESFIELD 

458 

441 

-17 

-3.7 

MACON 

115 

111 

-4 

-3.5 

MADISON 

2,262 

2,243 

-19 

-0.8 

MAGGIE  VALLEY 

607 

787 

180 

29.7 

MAGNOLIA 

932 

958 

26 

2.8 

MAIDEN 

3.177 

3.254 

77 

2.4 

MANTEO 

1.052 

1.103 

51 

4.8 

MARIETTA 

164 

162 

-2 

-1.2 

MARION 

4,943 

6.087 

1.144 

23.1 

MARS  HILL 

1.764 

1.805 

41 

2.3 

MARSHALL 

840 

843 

3 

0.4 

MARSHVILLE 

2,360 

2.589 

229 

9.7 

MARVIN 

1.039 

1.229 

190 

18.3 

MATTHEWS 

22.125 

24.357 

2.232 

10.1 

MAXTON 

2,551 

2.523 

-28 

-1.1 

MAYODAN 

2.417 

2.405 

-12 

-0.5 

MAYSVILLE 

1.002 

988 

-14 

-1.4 

MCADENVILLE 

619 

598 

-21 

-3.4 

MCDONALD 

119 

121 

2 

1.7 

MCFARLAN 

89 

87 

.9 

-2.2 

MEBANE 

7,367 

7.864 

497 

6.7 

MESIC 

257 

251 

-6 

-2.3 

MICRO 

454 

487 

33 

7.3 

MIDDLEBURG 

162 

167 

5 

3.1 

MIDDLESEX 

838 

841 

3 

0.4 

MIDLAND 

2.375 

2.639 

264 

11.1 

1050 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA  CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

MILLS  RIVER 

6,246 

6,622 

376 

6.0 

MILTON 

132 

124 

-8 

-6.1 

MINERAL  SPRINGS 

1,370 

1,556 

186 

13.6 

MINNESOTT  BEACH 

311 

309 

-2 

-0.6 

MINT  HILL 

15,609 

17,686 

2,077 

13.3 

MISENHEIMER 

659 

700 

41 

6.2 

MOCKSVILLE 

4,178 

4,333 

155 

3.7 

MOMEYER 

291 

294 

3 

1.0 

MONROE 

26,228 

30,392 

4,164 

15.9 

MONTREAT 

630 

681 

51 

8.1 

MOORESBORO 

314 

316 

2 

,     0.6 

MOORESVILLE 

18,823 

20,711 

1,888 

10.0 

MOREHEAD  CITY 

7,691 

7,821 

130 

1.7 

MORGANTON 

17,310 

17,080 

-230 

-1.3 

MORRISVILLE 

5,208 

10,721 

5,513 

105.9 

MORVEN 

579 

575 

-4 

-0.7 

MOUNT  AIRY 

8,484 

8,489 

5 

0.1 

MOUNT  GILEAD 

1,389 

1,396 

7 

0.5 

MOUNT  HOLLY 

9,617 

9,687 

70 

0.7 

MOUNT  OLIVE 

4,567 

4,600 

33 

0.7 

MOUNT  PLEASANT 

1,259 

1,356 

97 

7.7 

MURFREESBORO 

2,421 

2,348 

-73 

-3.0 

MURPHY 

1,568 

1,590 

22 

1.4 

NAGS  HEAD 

2,700 

2,992 

292 

10.8 

NASHVILLE 

4,417 

4,594 

177 

4.0 

NAVASSA 

479 

1,570 

1,091 

227.8 

NEW  BERN 

23,111 

23,637 

526 

2.3 

NEW  LONDON 

326 

615 

289 

88.7 

1051 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

NEWLAND 

704 

713 

9 

1.3 

NEWPORT 

3,349 

3,508 

159 

4.7 

NEWTON 

12,659 

12,939 

280 

2.2 

NEWTON  GROVE 

606 

611 

5 

0.8 

NORLINA 

1,107 

1,099 

-8 

-0.7 

NORMAN 

72 

77 

5 

6.9 

NORTH  TOPSAIL  BEACH 

843 

828 

-15 

-1.8 

NORTH  WILKESBORO 

4,116 

4,155 

39 

0.9 

NORTHWEST 

671 

727 

56 

8.3 

NORWOOD 

2,216 

2,174 

-42 

-1.9 

OAK  CITY 

376 

365 

-11 

-2.9 

OAK  ISLAND 

6,571 

7,120 

549 

8.4 

OAK  RIDGE 

3,988 

4,159 

171 

4.3 

OAKBORO 

1.198 

1,178 

-20 

-1.7 

OCEAN  ISLE  BEACH 

426 

448 

22 

5.2 

OLD  FORT 

963 

972 

9 

0.9 

ORIENTAL 

875 

864 

-11 

-1.3 

ORRUM 

79 

77 

-2 

-2.5 

OSSIPEE 

344 

358 

14 

4.1 

OXFORD 

8,338 

8,583 

245 

2.9 

PANTEGO 

170 

170 

0 

0.0 

PARKTON 

429 

433 

4 

0.9 

PARMELE 

290 

281 

-9 

-3.1 

PATTERSON  SPRINGS 

620 

616 

-4 

-0.6 

PEACHLAND 

554 

588 

34 

6.1 

PELETIER 

487 

510 

23 

4.7 

PEMBROKE 

2,681 

2,691 

10 

0.4 

PIKEVILLE 

719 

711 

-8 

-1.1 

PILOT  MOUNTAIN 

1,281 

1,279 

-2 

-0.2 

1052 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

PINE  KNOLL  SHORES 

1,524 

1,533 

9 

0.6 

PINE  LEVEL 

1,319 

1,658 

339 

25.7 

PINEBLUFF 

1,109 

1,158 

49 

4.4 

PINEHURST 

9,729 

10,498 

769 

7.9 

PINETOPS 

1,419 

1,397 

-22 

-1.6 

PINEVILLE 

3,449 

3,975 

526 

15.3 

PINK  HILL 

562 

557 

-5 

-0.9 

PITTSBORO 

2,226 

2,344 

118 

5.3 

PLEASANT  GARDEN 

4,714 

4,796 

82 

1.7 

PLYMOUTH 

4,107 

4,003 

-104 

-2.5 

POLKTON 

1,916 

1,956 

40 

2.1 

POLKVILLE 

535 

539 

4 

0.7 

POLLOCKSVILLE 

269 

260 

.-9 

-3.3 

POWELLSVILLE 

259 

258 

-1 

-0.4 

PRINCETON 

1,090 

1,150 

60 

5.5 

PRINCEVILLE 

940 

1,010 

70 

7.4 

PROCTORVILLE 

133 

129 

-4 

-3.0 

RAEFORD 

3,386 

3,602 

216 

6.4 

RALEIGH 

276,094 

313,004 

36,910 

13.4 

RAMSEUR 

1,588 

1,664 

76 

4.8 

RANDLEMAN 

3,557 

3,895 

338 

9.5 

RANLO 

2,198 

2,195 

-3 

-0.1 

RAYNHAM 

72 

69 

-3 

-4.2 

RED  CROSS 

778* 

787 

9 

1.2 

RED  OAK 

2,723 

2,809 

86 

3.2 

RED  SPRINGS 

3,493 

3,447 

-46 

-1.3 

REIDSVILLE 

14,485 

14,630 

145 

1.0 

RENNERT 

283 

336 

53 

18.7 

1053 


NORTH    CAROLINA    MANUAL      2003-2004 


2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


niLinicipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

RHODHISS 

706 

896 

190 

26.9 

RICH  SQUARE 

931 

886 

-45 

-40.8 

RICHFIELD 

515 

515 

0 

0.0 

RICHLANDS 

928 

932 

4 

0.4 

RIVER  BEND 

2,923 

2,935 

12 

0.4 

ROANOKE  RAPIDS 

16,957 

16,821 

-136 

-0.8 

ROBBINS 

1,195 

1,236 

41 

3.4 

ROBBINSVILLE 

747 

746 

-1 

-0.1 

ROBERSONVILLE 

1,731 

1.669 

-62 

-3.6 

ROCKINGHAM 

9.672 

9,497 

175 

-1.8 

ROCKWELL 

1,971 

1,997 

26 

1.3 

ROCKY  MOUNT 

55,977 

56,136 

159 

0.3 

ROLESVILLE 

907 

985 

78 

8.6 

RONDA 

460 

473 

13 

2.8 

ROPER 

613 

623 

10 

1.6 

ROSE  HILL 

1,330 

1,350 

20 

1.5 

ROSEBORO 

1,267 

1,348 

81 

6.4 

ROSMAN 

490 

561 

71 

14.5 

ROWLAND 

1,146 

1,148 

2 

0.2 

ROXBORO 

8,696 

8,861 

165 

1.9 

ROXOBEL 

263 

265 

2 

0.8 

RURAL  HALL 

2,464 

2,520 

56 

2.3 

RUTH 

329 

327 

-2 

-0.6 

RUTHERFORD  COLLEGE 

1,303 

1,305 

2 

0.2 

RUTHERFORDTON 

4,131 

4,150 

19 

0.5 

SALEMBURG 

469 

478 

9 

1.9 

SALISBURY 

26.462 

28,158 

1,696 

6.4 

SALUDA 

575 

572 

-3 

-0.5 

1054 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

SANDY  CREEK 

246 

262 

16 

6.5 

SANDYFIELD 

340 

343 

3 

0.9 

SANFORD 

23,220 

23,625 

405 

1.7 

SANTEETLAH 

67 

67 

1 

0.0 

SARATOGA 

379 

383 

4 

1.1 

SAWMILLS 

4,921 

5,013 

92 

1.9 

SCOTLAND  NECK 

2,362 

2,299 

-63 

-2.7 

SEABOARD 

695 

674 

-21 

-3.0 

SEAGROVE 

246 

249 

3 

1.2 

SEDALIA 

618 

627 

9 

1.5 

SELMA 

5,914 

6,517 

603 

10.2 

SEVEN  DEVILS 

129 

136 

7 

5.4 

SEVEN  SPRINGS 

86 

86 

0 

0.0 

SEVERN 

263 

258 

-5 

-1.9 

SHALLOTTE 

1,381 

1,662 

281 

20.3 

SHARPSBURG 

2,421 

2,461 

40 

1.7 

SHELBY 

19,477 

20,986 

1,509 

7.7 

SILER  CITY 

6,966 

7,519 

553 

7.9 

SIMPSON 

464 

464 

0 

0.0 

SIMS 

128 

128 

0 

0.0 

SMITHFIELD 

10,867 

11,601 

734 

6.8 

SNOW  HILL 

1,514 

1,553 

39 

2.6 

SOUTHERN  PINES 

10,918 

11,424 

506 

4.6 

SOUTHERN  SHORES 

2,201 

2,462 

261 

11.9 

SOUTHPORT 

2,351 

2,558 

207 

8.8 

SPARTA 

1,817 

1,822 

5 

0.3 

SPEED 

70 

66 

-4 

-5.7 

SPENCER 

3,355 

3,387 

32 

1.0 

1055 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

SPENCER  MOUNTAIN 

51 

50 

-1 

-2.0 

SPINDALE 

4,022 

3,964 

-58 

-1.4 

SPRING  HOPE 

1,261 

1,269 

8 

0.6 

SPRING  LAKE 

8,098 

8,151 

53 

-0.7 

SPRUCE  PINE 

2,030 

2,040 

10 

0.5 

ST.  HELENA 

395 

417 

22 

5.6 

ST.  JAMES 

804 

1,610 

806 

100.2 

ST.  PAULS 

2,247 

2,271 

24 

1.1 

STALEY 

347 

355 

8 

2.3 

STALLINGS 

3,171 

8,847 

5,676 

179.0 

STANFIELD 

1,113 

1,281 

168 

15.1 

STANLEY 

3,053 

3,027 

-26 

-0.9 

STANTONSBURG 

726 

729 

3 

0.4 

STAR 

807 

816 

9 

1.1 

STATESVILLE 

23,320 

24,622 

1,302 

5.6 

STEDMAN 

664 

667 

3 

0.5 

STEM 

229 

235 

6 

2.6 

STOKESDALE 

3,267 

3,400 

133 

4.1 

STONEVILLE 

1,002 

994 

-8 

-0.8 

STONEWALL 

285 

283 

-2 

-0.7 

STOVALL 

376 

385 

9 

2.4 

SUGAR  MOUNTAIN 

226 

235 

9 

4.0 

SUMMERFIELD 

7,018 

7.258 

240 

3.4 

SUNSET  BEACH 

1,824 

1,967 

143 

7.8 

SURF  CITY 

1,393 

1,495 

102 

7.3 

SWANSBORO 

1,426 

1,494 

35 

2.4 

SWEPSONVILLE 

922 

965 

43 

4.7 

SYLVA 

2,435 

2,489 

54 

2.2 

1056 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA         CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

TABOR  CITY 
TAR  HEEL 
TARBORO 
TAYLORSVILLE 

TAYLORTOWN 
TEACHEY 
THOMASVILLE 
TOBACCOVILLE 

TOPSAIL  BEACH 
TRENT  WOODS 
TRENTON 
TRINITY 

TROUTMAN 
TROY 
TRYON 
TURKEY 

UNIONVILLE 
VALDESE 
VANCEBORO 
VANDEMERE 

VARNAMTOWN 

VASS 

WACO 

WADE 

WADESBORO 
WAGRAM 
WAKE  FOREST 
WALKERTOWN 


April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

2,509 

2,561 

52 

2.1 

70 

67 

-3 

-4.3 

11,138 

10,985 

-153 

-1.4 

1,813 

1,801 

-12 

-0.7 

875 

908 

33 

3.8 

245 

248 

3 

1.2 

19,788 

25,562 

5,774 

29.2 

2,209 

2,330 

121 

5.5 

471 

497 

26 

5.5 

4,224 

4,221 

-3 

-0.1 

206 

238 

32 

15.5 

6,714 

6,825 

111 

1.7 

1,592 

1,663 

71 

4.5 

3,430 

4,230 

800 

23.3 

1,760 

1,768 

8 

0.5 

262 

265 

3 

1.1 

4,797 

5,992 

1,195 

24.9 

4,485 

4,578 

93 

2.1 

898 

891 

-7 

-0.8 

289 

284 

-5 

-1.7 

481 

513 

32 

6.7 

750 

767 

17 

2.3 

328 

327 

-1 

-0.3 

510 

519 

9 

1.8 

3,568 

5,709 

2,141 

60.0 

801 

780 

-21 

-2.6 

12,588 

16,490 

3,902 

31.0 

4,009 

4,154 

145 

3.6 

1057 


NORTH    CAROLINA    MANUAL      2003-2004 

2003  Municipal  Population  Estimates 


nuinicipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

WALLACE 

3,344 

3,486 

142 

4.2 

WALLBURG 

2,001 

2,065 

64 

3.2 

WALNUT  COVE 

1,465 

1,501 

36 

2.5 

WALNUT  CREEK 

859 

871 

12 

1.4 

WALSTONBURG 

224 

228 

4 

1.8 

WARRENTON 

811 

788 

-23 

-2.8 

WARSAW 

3,051 

3,064 

13 

0.4 

WASHINGTON 

9,619 

9,767 

148 

1.5 

WASHINGTON  PARK 

440 

438 

-2 

-0.5 

WAT  HA 

151 

161 

10 

6.6 

WAXHAW 

2,625 

3,188 

563 

21.4 

WAYNESVILLE 

9,232 

9,482 

250 

2.7 

WEAVERVILLE 

2,416 

2,455 

39 

1.6 

WEBSTER 

486 

568 

82 

16.9 

WEDDINGTON 

6,696 

7,708 

1,012 

15.1 

WELDON 

1,374 

1,355 

-19 

-1.4 

WENDELL 

4,247 

4,599 

352 

8.3 

WENTWORTH 

2,779 

2,868 

89 

3.2 

WESLEY  CHAPEL 

2,549 

3,753 

1,204 

47.2 

WEST  JEFFERSON 

1,081 

1,101 

20 

1.9 

WHISPERING  PINES 

2,090 

2,183 

93 

4.4 

WHITAKERS 

799 

783 

-16 

-2.0 

WHITE  LAKE 

529 

563 

34 

6.4 

WHITEVILLE 

5,148 

5,099 

-49 

-1.0 

WHITSETT 

686 

700 

14 

2.0 

WILKESBORO 

3,159 

3,186 

27 

0.9 

WILLIAMSTON 

5,946 

5,862 

-84 

-1.4 

WILMINGTON 

75,838 

92,668 

16,830 

22.2 

1058 


NORTH    CAROLINA    POPULATION    DATA 


CHAPTER    FOURTEEN 


municipality 

April  2000 

July  2003 

growth 

%  growth 

WILSON 

44,405 

46,556 

2,151 

4.8 

WILSON'S  MILLS 

1,296 

1,460 

164 

12.7 

WINDSOR 

2,324 

2,307 

-17 

-0.7 

WINFALL 

554 

567 

13 

2.3 

WINGATE 

2,406 

2,685 

279 

11.6 

WINSTON-SALEM 

185,776 

193,922 

8,146 

4.4 

WINTERVILLE 

4,794 

5,761 

967 

20.2 

WINTON 

956 

940 

-16 

-1.7 

WOODFIN 

3,162 

3,540 

378 

12.0 

WOODLAND 

833 

819 

-14 

-1.7 

WRIGHTSVILLE  BEACH 

2,593 

2,584 

-9 

-0.3 

YADKINVILLE 

2,818 

2,804 

-14 

-0.5 

YANCEYVILLE 

2,091 

2,191 

100 

4.8 

YOUNGSVILLE 

651 

1,049 

398 

61.1 

ZEBULON 

4,046 

4,336 

290 

7.2 

total  municipal 

4,073,030 

4,398,251 

324,443 

8.0 

1059 


NORTH    CAROLINA    MANUAL      2003-2004 


1060 


INTERNATIONAL  AFFAIRS         CHAPTER    FIFTEEN 


Foreign  Representatives  in  North  Carolina 

As  accredited  by  the  U.S.  State  Department  —  May,  2003 

Mexico 

Armando  Ortiz-Rocha,  Consul 
Raleigh 

Canada 

Louis  Boisvert,  Consul 
Raleigh 

Albania 

Dr.  David  B.  Funderburk,  Honorary  Consul 
Pinehurst 

Austria 

Mr.  Robert  Friedl,  Honorary  Consul 
Mount  Holly 

Cyprus 

Dr.  Takey  Crist,  Honorary  Consul 
Jacksonville 

France 

Mildred  Dalton  Cox,  Honorary  Consul 
Charlotte 

Germany 

Kurt  Waldthausen,  Honorary  Consul 
Charlotte 

International  Affairs 


1061 


NORTH   CAROLINA   MANUAL      2003-2004 

.yfc'xico 

\\a\nc  CAHipci".  1  loiKM"ary  Consul 
C  haiiotlc 

I'lonii  I'lndk'  Blaj,  1  lonoraiy  Consul 
I  lickoiA' 

IS  ether  I  a  mis 

Ccrard  tcr  Wee,  Honorary  Consul 
Raleigh 

ISicaragiia 

CiillxMio  Bergman  Morea,  Honoraiy  Consul 
c;harloue 

Spain 

Ralael  Lopez-Barranies,  Honoraiy  Consul 
Durham 

Sweden 

Anna  Blomdahl,  Honorary  Consul 
Raleigh 

Switzerlanil 

Heinz  Roih,  Honorary  Consul 
Charloite 

Inited  Kingdom 

Miehael  Teden,  QBE,    Honorary  Consul 
Charlotte 


1062 


INTERNATIONAL  AFFAIRS         CHAPTER    FIFTEEN 


For  more  information  about  the  North  CaroUna  Consular  Corps,  \isit 
w¥.nAuiorthcaroHnaconsularcorps.org/default.asp  on  the  Web. 


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