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NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL
FOR THE DEAF

At M.organton

1894-1944

The Education of tke Deaf

North Carolina

1S45-1945

Digitized by tlie Internet Arcliive

in 2010 witli funding from
State Library of Nortli Carolina

http://www.archive.org/details/northcarolinaschOObett

NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL
FOR THE DEAF

At Alorganton

1894-1944

jLne Education ol tne Deal
iru

N ortn Carolina

1845-1945

By
Otis A. Betts

The Priililc on the Front Cover is

W. D. Cooke

First Superintendent of the North Carolina

School for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind

Raleigh, 1845-1858

(Drawn by Mrs. Anne Boger Starrctt

Teacher in The North Carolina

School for the Deaf)

Printed bv the

Classes In Printinp:

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1945

Dedicated

''Tin Old Boys and Girls"

Whose Lives Demonstrate

The Wisdom of the

Fojfnders of the School.

''>S

Main Building

North Carolina School for the Deaf, Morganton, N. C.

A Tribute

(Formally aiitJiorizcd by motion of the Board oi Directors)

This volume is a labor of love! But it is far more
because it is the result of a life time dream on the part of
its author.

Xor is this all, for this narrative tells a complete story,
never before told, of North Carolina's answer to a funda-
mental human challenge and to a genuine human need.

It is the thrilling work of a devoted man who knows the
facts, who tells well a stirring story in which he has had a
part during many useful and helpful years.

We, his fellow Directors of the North Carolina School
for the Deaf, salute with loving pride, the author, our faith-
ful colleague:

O. A. BETTS, Writer, Student and Historian.

H0W.-\RD E. RONDTH.ALER

Done in the month of April 1945

R. GREGG CHERRY

Governor of North Carolina

Foreword

Tci the boys and girls who have been educated in the North Carolina
School for the Deaf, at Morganton, to those who have served the School in
any capacity whatsoever, and to the citizens of our State as a whole, we
feel that the time has come to make a permanent record of the leading
historical events which have taken place within the half-century of its
existence, 1894-1945.

In order to acquaint our readers with the early attempts and accom-
plishments of our predecessors and to coordinate the records covering the
entire century, our first section is devoted to the essential facts of the
period from 1845 to 1945.

The early struggle, the gradual and yet successful progress of the
School is an open book in this State and a heritage of which the deaf and
the staff members may justly be proud. The School has had difficulties and
problems, but neither have diverted its course from its obligation to the
State, or duty to the class for whose best physical, mental and moral devel-
opment the School was founded.

No history of the Morganton School for the Deaf would be complete
without a biographical sketch of its founder, the late Dr. E. ]^IcKee Good-
win, whose indefatigable labor, indomitable courage and outstanding ability
carried the school through many vicissitudes of fortune to the high place
it now holds in the annals of the education of the deaf. Therefore, we have
devoted a considerable section of this story of the School to testimonials
of many of Dr. Goodwin's friends and associates, gleaned from recorded
documents covering more than fifty years of his labors in behalf of the deaf.

To the deaf of the State who have passed through the hospitable
walls of the school to take their places as self-reliant citizens, and to all
those who come after them, this history will, no doubt, prove a storehouse
of valuable information and inspire their gratitude for an institution that
does so much for their welfare and their happiness.

The data for this history was obtained from the records of the State
Department of Archives and History, official records and reports of the
School, transcriptions from the School paper. The Deaj Carolinian, former-
ly The Kelly Messenger, .\nnual Reports of Gallaudet College, The Volta
Bureau, The State, a Weekly Survey of Xorth Carolina, and from members
of the School staff and Board of Directors. Every effort was made not to
delete any detail of interest or value.

My thanks are especially due to Dr. Carl E. Rankin, Superintendent,
and Mrs. Pattie Thomason late. Principal, for their cooperation and
contributions, and to :Mr. Odie W. Underhill, Vocational Director of the
School, who collaborated in the editing: to ^Ir. George K. Brown and his

(7)

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

classes in printing who printed the history; to Mr. John R. Sawyer, a
member of the faculty of the State School for the Blind for important
facts concerning the period from 1845 to 1894. Mr. Sawyer is engaged in
writing a complete history of the education of the Blind in the State as a
Master's thesis in the department of education of the University of North
Carolina. Thanks are also due to The Cluiiiottr Observer, The News and
Observer, The Morgantoii Xews-Hera/d, to Mr. James W. Butler, Secretary
of the Goldsboro Chamber of Commerce, and to others who aided me in
the compilation.

March 20, 1945. Otis A. Betts

(8)

Table of Contents

Part I

Foreword '. - 7

List of Illustrations 10

Principals and Superintendents of Schools for the Deaf and the Blind, 1S45-1')45 13
History of the Education cf the Deaf and the Blind in North CaroMna from

1845 to 18Q4 - .- - - - 15-26

P.\RT II

History of the Education of the Deaf at Morganton. 1804-1044 20-44

Members of the Board of Directors of the School at Morganton, 1801-1945 45-50

Statement of Purpose - - _ - ._ 51-52

Methods cf Instruction — -- - 52-53

Roster of Principals and Teachers from 1804 to 1945 55-57

Normal IraininK in North Carolina School and Roster of Normal Students

from 1801 to 1Q45 . 59-67

Religious Training. Physical Education, .Art ... -.. 67-60

X'ocational Instruction and Vocational Teachers from 1894 to 1045 71-77

Boy and Girl Scouts . .... . ... .... _ _ .. 79-80

Military Instruction SO

Kelly Library and Students Organizations 80-81

The --American Convention of 1005 .. 83

Bureau of Labor for the Deaf _ 83-84

Extension Service to the Deaf „ , 85

Outstanding Personalities of the Early Days of the Morganton School 87-97

School StaflF, 1944-1945 _.. 90-100

Our Principal _ _ 101-102

Splendid Support from Citizens of Morganton .. _ 103

Institutions E.xerting Great Influence in the Education of the Deaf:

I. The Volta Bureau 105-107

II. Gallaudet College .._ _ 107-1 10

P.ART III

.\ Compilation cf Life Sketches and Tributes to Dr. Edward McK. Goodwin.

Founder of the School at Morganton and its Superintendent 1892-1037 111-133
Dr. Goodwin's Successor 134-136

Roster of Students Registered at the X. C. School for the Deaf, Morganton,

from 1804 to 1045 _ _.... _ .137-152

List of Illustrations

Main Kuildinp; A

Governor R. Gregg Cherry .. 6

Edward McKce Goodwin, 1850-10,57; Superintendent, 1SQ2-IQ.57 .. i-

Original Building in Raleigh, 1S4S , ._ _- 14

Main Building in Raleigh, 1804 ..._ .,._ __ 18

Original Heading of the "Deaf Mute Casket" .._ 22

Dr. Carl E. Rankin, Superintendent, 10.57- _ — 28

Faculty cf the New School Prior to lOOO 30

Main Building Before Fireproofing and Renovating _ 34

Hoey Hall (.^dvanccd Department) -. -— 1. 38

Primary School ... . - - 42

Board of Directors, 1945 46-48

Goodwin Hall (Primary Department Dormitory) — Primary Class in Speech 54

Boys' Vocational Building — Gymnasium .... .. . 58

Speech Class Using Hearing Aids — Oral Class in Geography „ ... 62

Boy Scouts — Class in Swimming .„ _ _ _ „ .... 66

Vocational Exhibit — Hand Crafts ..- .... 70

Class in Printing — Home Economics . 74

Exhibit of Costumes by Classes in Sewing — E-:hibit of Wood-Work 7S

.'\merican Convention of Instruction of the Deaf, 1005 — Vocational Agriculture .... 82

The Infirmary— Military Training, 1012-1018 86

Foitball Team, 1 OOO— Football Team 1040 _ ..... 00

The Queen of Ma\ and Her Attendants— The Festive May Pole 04

Folk Dances — A Happy May Day Group _ 98

Mi-s. Pattie Thomason Tate. Principal ..._ 102

The Volta Bureau, Washington, D. C. .... 104

Chapel Hall Gallaudet College, Washington, D. C. 108

Dr. E. McK. Goodwin _.... _ 112

Dr. Goodwin in His Office „ 114

Dr. Goodwin in One of His Characteristic Postures 118

Last Picture of Dr. Goodwin, .\pril 10.57 _„.. '. 122

Edward McKee Goodwin, B. A., M. .\.. Lift. D., L. H. D. 132

Airplane View of the North Carolina School for the Deaf 152

Part I

The

North CaroHna School for the Deaf

and the BHnd at Raleigh

1845 ■ 1894

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Edward INIcKee Goodwin

1859-1937

Superintendent of the State School for the Deaf
at Morj-anton, 1892-1937

History of Administration

Principals and Superintendents of the Schools and
Their Terms of Office Since the Establishment
OF THE First School in 1845

I. Principal of the School for the White Deaf and Dumb and the Blind,
Raleigh:

W. D. Cooke 1845-1858

II. Principals of the White and Colored Schools for the Deaf and Dumb
and the Blind, Raleigh:

Willie J. Palmer 1858-1869

John Nichols 1869-1871

S. F. ToMLiNSON 1871-1873

John Nichols _ 1873-1877

Hezekiah a. Gudger 1877-1883

William J. Young 1883-1894

III. Principals of the White School for the Blind, and the School for the
Colored Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. Raleigh:

William J. Young . _ _ 1894-1896

Frederick R. Pl.ace June 1896-Sept. 1896

John E. Ray 1896-1918

J. T. .\lderman Jan. 1918-.\ug. 1918

I\'. Superintendent of the White School for the Blind, and the School for
Colored Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. Raleigh:

Dr. G. E. Lineberry 1918-1945

V. Superintendent.'; of the White School for the Deaf, Morganton:

Dr. E. .McKee Goodwin 1891-1937

Dr. Carl E. Rankin 1937-

(.13)

■■"'^

i«a

Original Building in Raleigh
Erected in 1848

(14)

Establishment of the First School

Early Provisions for the Education of the Deaf
AND THE Blind in North Carolina

Any story of the Morganton School without, at least, a review of the
inlluences leading up to the earliest provision for the education of the deaf
and the blind in Xorth Carolina would make an incomplete picture of the
general scheme for this specialized form of education covering a "century
of growth" from 1845 to 1945.

In a recent volume edited by Katherine Crichton Alston Edsell,
Librarian, State School for the Blind and the Deaf, at Raleigh, in celebra-
tion of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the State School for the
Blind and the Deaf, a more comprehensive account of the early efforts of
this branch of the general educational system is given.

Quoting from a sketch by R. C. Lawrence in a recent issue of The
State, we have the following interesting facts: "Here in Carolina, back
of the education of the deaf and the dumb and the blind, are two colossal
figures in the life of our state: Archibald DeBow Murphy, father of our
public school system; John 'SI. ^lorehead, builder of a commonwealth." As
far back as 1816 Archibald D. ^Murphy included "An Asylum for the Deaf
and Dumb" as a part of his comprehensive scheme for a public school
system. Inspired by the work of the famous Galiaudet, there was organized
a Society for the Institution o! the Deaf and Dumb, with the Governor as
president. President Joseph Caldwell of the University addressed the Leg-
islature, pleading for an appropriation for this cause, but nothing resulted
save the granting of a bare charter for the society. In 1830 there were 273
deaf mutes, and 372 blind in the State. Governor Morehead included the
Deaf, Dumb and the Blind in his plans for the handicapped in 1842.

"These figures enlisted the support of the powerful Raleigh Register,
and Editor Gales urged state support for such a school, but it was yet more
than a decade before anything concrete was done. In 1841 John IMotley
Morehead became Governor, and in 1842 his message to the legislature
recommended the establishment of schools for the Blind as well as for the
Deaf and Dumb. The Legislature was deaf to his recommendation.

W. D. Cooke Stages a Class Demonstration

"Governor Morehead was never defeated in any purpose once he
made up his mind to go ahead. Having been in one battle he prepared for
•another in a different way. In 1843 he had a lengthy correspondence with
W. D. Cooke, principal for a private School for the Deaf and Dumb at
Staunton, Virginia, Not waiting for the Legislature to meet, the Governor
laid this correspondence before the first influential body which came along,

(L5)

1894 -—' North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

this chancing to be the Presbyterian Synod, which heartily endorsed his
suggestion. The Governor was moulding public sentiment. He had yet
other ammunition in reserve. Having tried a simple message on the leg-
islature and failed, he resorted to a most resourceful expedient. He had
\V. D. Cooke to come to Raleigh from Staunton and bring with him a
number of his pupils, who staged a demonstration before the legislature,
proving what such pupils could be trained to do."

The General Assembly Acts Favorably, Chapter 37,

Acts of 1844
This satisfied those who doubted and the General Assembly in Chap-
ter 37, .'Xcts of 1844, enacted that: "Provision shall be made for the
education and maintenance of the poor and destitute Deaf and Dumb and
the Blind," appropriating $5,000 annually for five years from the State
Literary Fund, which had been created in 1836 for this purpose. The act
gave this Literary Fund broad authority either to employ teachers and
open schools in this State, or to send the pupils to institutions in other states,
and required counties from which such pupils came to provide $75.00
annually for each destitute deaf and dumb or blind person who should be
chosen by the Literary Board for education.

The First Permanent School for the Deaf In America
At Hartford, Connecticut

This first real step was the culmination of quite an early movement
to provide such a school. Rev. Thomas H. Gallaudet of Hartford, Conn.,
was the pioneer in the United States in this very important matter, the
education of the deaf. In 181 7 his attention was attracted to a deaf daughter
of Dr. Cogswell of Hartford and he went to Europe to get first hand in-
formation as to the best methods of teaching. He did not find it in England
but in Paris, in the "Royal Institution for the Deaf," which showed him
special courtesies and from which he secured a graduate pupil of great
ability. The latter, Laurent Clerc, came with Mr. Gallaudet to Hartford,
where the first school for the persons then called deaf-mutes (now simply
the deaf) in the United States was established in 1818. The North Carolina
School, opened May 1, 1845, in rented quarters, and was the ninth in the
United States to be provided, in the order of foundation.

The North Carolina Society Memorializes Congress
For a Gift of Public Bonds

In 1828 the North Carolina Society for securing an ''.Asylum for the
Deaf and Dumb" had been organized at Raleigh, and was given a charter
by the (ieneral Assembly. It chose as its president Governor James Iredell.
It sent its charter, together with a "Memorial," that year to Nathaniel

(16)

184 5 — Educatiox of the Deaf in Xorth Carolina ~ 1943

Macon, one of the I'nited States Senators from this State, praying him to
lay them before Congress. In this document it was set out that in the
United States there was one deaf ])erson to every 2000 population, and
that on this basis there were 400 in North Carolina. Congress was asked
to make a gift of the Public Lands, so that the allotment could be sold
and the proceeds applied to this purpose. This request was not granted.

Copy of a Bill, (S. 68), from the Committee on Public Lands, re-
ported in the Senate of the United States, 20th Congress, 1st Session. Janu-
ary 21, 1828. by Senator Barton, which was passed to a second reading —

1 . Be it enacted b.v the Senate and House of Representatives

2. of the United States of .■\merica, in Congress assembled. That
i. there be granted to "Xorth Carolina Institution for the

4. Instruction of Deaf and Dumb," one township of land, excepting

5. Section numbered sixteen for the use of schools therein, to be

6. located, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury,

7. in one of the Territories, on lands to which the Indian title

8. shall have been extinguished, and the sale of which is author-
's, ized by law, and conformably to the lines of the public surveys

10. and the said institution shall sell the said lands within five

11. years from the passage of this act, and forever apply the pro- - -

12. ceeds thereof to the education of indigent deaf and dumb per-
1.?. sons. 14 (Passed third reading in Senate. 15)

A similar bill was presented in the House of Representatives and
passed the second reading. The bill failed of passage (House) the next
session, nor did it ever pass.

January 30, 1845, W. D. Cooke Employed To Establish
A School for the Deaf and Dumb

In the records of the State Literary Board, Jan. 28, 1845, is the entry:
"At a meeting, present Gov. William A. Graham, ^Messrs. Charles Manly
and David Stone, ]\Ir. \^'. D. Cooke, a teacher of deaf-mutes, lately of
Staunton, \'a.. appeared and held a conference as to the terms of establish-
ing a school for the teaching of the deaf and dumb in this State." Jan. 30,
the minutes say: "^Nlr. Cooke having attended at a previous meeting of the
board and produced testimonials of his moral character as well as of his
competency as an instructor of the deaf and dumb, it is resolved that he be
employed by this board to establish and keep open a school for the educa-
tion of the deaf and dumb of this State in or near the city of Raleigh, at
the rate of ,S160 per annum for each pupil, this amount being understood
to be in full compensation for books, board, lodging, and clothing and
comfortable accommodation and every other expense of the pupils who
may be sent to said .school. It being imderstood that he may receive any
other pupils who may be sent besides the beneficiaries of the State. The
board, however, is to retain the right of visitation of said school at all times

(17)

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1845 — Education of the Dfaf in North Carolina ~ 1945

and to prescribe, from time to time, regulations for the same, and also to
discontinue or change the instruction in said school when it shall think
proper.

"Resolved, further, that to enable INIr. Cooke to make due prepara-
tions for opening the said school as early as practicable the board will
advance to him Ji 1,500. 00, upon his entering into bond for double that
amount to the State, conditional, to account for and return the same if
he shall not earn an equal amount in the service of the board in his ca-
pacity as teacher aforesaid.

"Resolved, further, that the president of the board ascertain by cor-
respondence whether a teacher can be procured, to open a school here, and
also upon what terms blind pupils will be received from this State at institu-
tions already established for their instruction in other states. Jan. 31, 1845,
]Mr. Cooke attended a meeting of the board and expressed his approbation
of the resolutions of the previous day and his consent to become the
teacher of a school for deaf-mutes of this State, upon the terms set forth
and tendered his bond with ^Nlrs. Frances Deveraux security."

First School for the Deaf and Dumb Opens M.^xy 1, 1845,
In Rented Quarters

"February 5, 1845, the Literary Board issued the following notice to
the public: "In accordance with an act of the last General Assembly the
board has made provision for putting in operation a school for the education
of the deaf and dumb, at or near Raleigh, to commence ^lay 1st next. The
expense for each pupil will be SI 60 per annum, including books and sta-
tionery (and for poor pupils clothing and physician's bills, if necessary.) as
well as boarding and instruction. .As the chief object of the law is to provide
for the poor and destitute and as the aid of the county courts is required in
making such provision, the board most earnestly requests each chairman of
County Courts and the Solicitors to bring the legislative act to the notice
of justices of their County at the first term hereafter, and to discover by
inquiry then made what number of white deaf and dumb persons there
are under thirty and over seven, whose parents are unable to pay for their
education, also whether the court will levy by taxation the amount allow-
ed by law for their education, and communicate the same to this board.
The amount for the deaf and dumb will allow of the instruction of 35
beneficiaries each year, provided the county courts will raise for each one
sent from their counties the amount contemplated by law, $75.00. The
board proposes at the commencement to receive five beneficiaries from
each judicial district. If a greater numl)er shall apply the selection in cases
of equal capacity will be made by lot. The board has opened a corres-
pondence with approved institutions for the blind in other states, to enable
it to determine whether the appropriation for their benefit can be better

(19)

1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf ~~ 1044

expended in opening a school for them within this State, or by sending
them abroad. In the meantime it is hoped that every county will make
returns to the board of the number, sex and age of the destitute blind
persons within its limits, in the manner already indicated."

"Governor Graham wrote February 15, 1845, to Governor Briggs
of Massachusetts, asking whether a teacher from the Perkins Institution
for the Blind, at Boston, could be procured to open a school in North
Carolina for their instruction, at what salary, for say 15 to 25 pupils:
or at what rate per pupil would he furnish his own buildings and take
charge of such a school for the public, provided a given number were
guaranteed. Governor Briggs wrote him fully and so did Thomas H. Gal-
laudet, from Hartford, the latter saying, "To start such an institution
right requires much care. The mingling of the blind and deaf mutes to-
gether in the same institution (if indeed this is thought of) is, I think,
most unwise. The decided and universal testimony of teachers in Europe
and in the United States is against the expediency of such a course. It
is not productive of any good." Apri 17, the board agreed on opening
the school May 1, 1845, with the following deaf persons as pupils: Jane
Wisman of Davidson; John H. Walker, Louise J. Walker, Cyrus H. Boren,
Guilford; Jane O'Neal, Hyde. .A. building was rented on Hillsboro street,
two blocks west of the Capitol; four teachers were employed. May 2nd,
the board held a conference with Mr. Cooke as to his willinsness to
undertake the boarding of the blind, and declined to undertake it. There-
upon Messrs. Manly and Stone of the board were appointed to ascertain
on what terms blind pupils could be boarded in Raleigh. Governor Graham
wrote May 2nd; "We have the prospect of an excellent school." May 5,
Manly and Stone reported that as they could not guarantee any definite
number of the blind, they could not engage anyone to board them. May
5, Governor Graham issued a circular, expressing regret that so few county
courts had complied with the legislative act as to the deaf and dumb .-id
the request of the Literary Board. He added: "It has been ascertained
that a school for the blind can also be established here, upon terms more
economical than those of institutions out of the State, and such an one
will be opened as soon as a sufficient number of pupils shall offer to justify
the undertaking." He then called on the counties to send to the board
lists of the number of the deaf and dumb and blind between eight and
thirty years, as soon as practicable.

"May 24th, the board asked Dr. S. G. Howe of Boston to engage
a male teacher for the lilind, at ,S500 and board annually, and also to
purchase the necessary school apparatus, including a piano. The board
.said in this letter: "In the event the necessary arrangements can lie made
by that time, the school will be opened on the 1st of August." Prof. Howe
of Boston said he would be glad to come here and put the proposed school

(20)

1845 — Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — ^ 1945

for tin- blind in (i|U'iatiiiii and the Literary Board warmly thanked him
for this offer August 20th, 1845. September 1st, the board wrote Dr. Howe
countermanding the order for school apparatus and saying that Rev. Mr.
Edwards would not undertake the superintendence of the school for the
blind, as he could not obtain a house and make the needful arrangements.
The letter said the only blind pupils offered w^re from Guilford and that
the board after advertising in newspapers for pupils, having heard of only
six blind children in the State, deemed it ine.xpedient to establish a school
[or the blind in Xorth Carolina at that time."

General Assembly 1846-'47 (Chapter 48), Provides For
Erection of Buildings — First Board Approves

".\t the session of the General .\ssembly in lS46-'47, an act (Chapter
4S) provided for the erection at Raleigh of good and suitable buildings for a
school for the deaf and blind and for their education and maintenance,
the building not to cost over SI 0,000: the annual appropriation for main-
tenance to be $10,000. The Assembly had made an error in the amount
it intended, by limiting the cost of the building to $10,000, when it meant
$15,000, blit Principal Cooke gave his personal bond for the $5,000, so
the work had gone on. The .Assembly of 1848 thanked him for this gener-
ous advance, made the payment of the $5,000 and added $2,500 for equip-
ment. The Assembly also appointed directors of the institution, these
being Perrin Busbee, L. B. Saunders, W. W. Holden, Dr. Charles E.
Johnson, Thomas J. Lemay, and James F. Jordan."

\^0CATi0NAL Instruction Established In 1850
The building thus provided for was located on Caswell Square, owned
by the State, one of the original five squares set apart when the city was
first laid out, two blocks north west of the Capitol. The name of the school
was the "North Carolina Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the
Blind." The contract for its erection was let by the Literary Board to Cosby
& Son. Principal Cooke was given a salary of $1200 and in addition an
allowance of $145 for each pupil, to cover board and room: clothing for
pupils whose parents were unable to furnish it; medical attendance, etc.
The board bought from Cooke, in 1850, a printing-press, type, etc., tools
for wood-working shop and shoe shop, all for $791. and agreed w-ith him
that he was to carry on these mechanical departments at his own expense
and receive the profits.

The First Session Begins in January, 1849. in the
New State Institution

Some applications for the admission of the blind came in. In 184Q it
was found that while there had been appropriated since 1840 the sum of
$5,000 annually for five years, there had been saved of this total ten

(21)

1S4.S — Edupation of the Deaf ix Xorth Carolina ~ 194S

iliousand dollars, so that only .^iS.OOO had to come direct from the State
tresaury. On April 14, lcS4S, the corner-stone of the main building was laid
by the Grand Master of Masons, William F. Collins, after which address
were made by Rev. Samuel S. Bryant, of Xew Bern, and Dr. Harvey P.
Peet, of the Xew York School for the Deaf. The contractor did the building
work largely with negro labor. The brick were made on the premises. The
directors had a vast amount of trouble with the quality of the work, and
yet the demand was so great that the imcompleted structure was occupied.
Governor Charles ^lanly and Mr. George Little inspeted it, Sept. 24, 1848.
The General .\s.sembly then gave permission for its occupancy and the
contractor requested it. Thus the first session in the new building opened
in January, 1849.

There were in Xovember, 1850, I'lfty-four pupils, all deaf; the oldest
a woman aged 35; 29 were males. Some had been there since its opening.
May 1, 1845, in rented quarters on Hillsboro Street. The teaching of trades
was found to be of great importance and the chief mechanical branch was
printing, which is particularly adapted to the deaf.

Provision Made To Receive Blind Students In
September 1851

The building, when thus first occupied, was of brick. It had a center
and enlarged wings and at its southern end a home for the principal was
built. A brick workshop was built, in the rear. The square was graded. At
the beginning of the seventh session, in 1851, arrangements were made with
Principal Cooke to open the Blind Department, on the same basis and
terms on which he had taken charge of the deaf. Teachers for the blind
were also chosen. John Kelly of Orange County by his will gave S6,000 to
the institution for use of the poor pupils.

For the blind there was at first very little literature; one copy of
the Bible, several of the Xew Testament, and of the Psalms. By 1854 there
were 12 blind pupils. At first some of the directors of the board did not
think the act of the General .\ssembly requiring the blind to be taught
should apply to this institution, but the Assembly said it did so apply. In
1851 a new Governor came in, David S. Reid, and with him a new Board
of Directors, with E. P. Guion as chairman, and this put into effect the
legislative will. Shoemaking and broommaking were iiitroduced.

The deaf published a newspaper. The Deaf Mute Casket, and
this had a wide circulation. They also prepared books with "embossed''
type, for use by the blind. The girls did the sewing for all. A charge was
made as to salaries, etc., the principal being paid a fixed salary, the
directors taking over all the financial matters. When this board of directors
came in. it found the institution languishing, a general discontent among
the pupils and also among the people of the State. The change to the new
form of management ended all this. The board asked for S10,000 annual
appropriation. (25)

1894 ^~ North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

"At the end of the 18lh session, in 1858, there were 39 deaf pupils
and 13 blind. Water had been put in the buildings, pumped by a "ram"
from a spring in a vacant square in front of the institution; coal was used
instead of wood to heat the hot air furnaces; gas was installed for lighting,
replacing candles. A chapel was Ijuilt in 1859.

Principal Cooke had introduced a new feature in 1855, and made
extraordinary exertions to make the institution known to the public, by
visiting various places, including Greensboro. Warrenton and \\'ilmington,
at conventions, with parties of his pupils, giving exhibitions of the modes
of instruction, the people attending in large numbers and showing intense
appreciation. In Way 1856, a large party of pupils visited piedmont towns.
The General Assembly visited the school yearly, for it then met annually.

The school was overcrowded; its buildings sadly out of repair.
Principal Cooke found that the ijhnd and the deaf are widely different, and
yet one building sheltered them all, with no school rooms for the blind;
so that the two could not mingle without confusion. He declared there
must be enlargement and separate buildings and that there was no sort
of provision against fire. He reported that North Carolina had more deaf
in proportion to population than any other state save Connecticut, yet
had only 39 in school; fewer than in any other state except Texas. In
September 1858, Cooke resigned and Willie J. Pa'mer became principal.

In 1862 the number of deaf was 42; blind 2. John Nichols, a very
able printer, was put in charge of that department. "A number of the male
pupils made cartridges of paper for the army rifles, using paper from a
mill near Raleigh, and powder from the state powder-mill still nearer;
and also moulded bullets which were fixed in the paper cartridge cases,
into which powder was then placed. Over a million cartridges were thus
made. The idea of having this work done originated in the mind of Gov.
John W. Ellis, who died in July, 1862.

Progress of the School During the War — 1861-1865

"A good deal of the public printing and binding was done by the deaf
during the war (1861-1865.) In 1864 the General ^Assembly gave the
institution :fl50,000. In 1865 there were 84 pupils. The strain of the
terrible war was great, but the institution pulled through. Raleigh was
surrendered to Gen. Sherman April 13, 1865, and the Federal authorities
lent the kindest aid to the Hospital for the Insane and the Institution
for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. To the latter, which at that date
had 85 pupils, (the largest number up to that time). General John M.
Schofield issued food and other supplies up to the close of the school, June
30th. These were furnished to teachers and pupils and included supplies

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1S45 — Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

lor any sick. The teachers left at the end of the term but 13 of the deaf
hoys who were doing the printini; remained until the end of the year and
lived on "Uncle Sam's rations." The publication of the Deaf-Mute Casket
went on and the printery turned out the Book of Psalms for the Blind.
rhe school re-opened January 1, 1866. and 41 deaf and 21 blind were
present; 9 of them paying pupils. Provisional Governor Holden advanced
$4,000 and the General .\ssemby appropriated ^20.000."

Agitation for a School for Deaf and Dumb and Blind
Negro Children, 1867

In October, 1867, Principal Palmer wrote Gen. Nelson A. Miles
I'. S. .\., that the board of directors had received .several applications for
the admission of negro deaf and dumb children, but there was no room. He
added that there were in North Carolina not less than 190 deaf and 95
blind negroes; of these 19 deaf and 31 blind being under 21 years of age;
this report having been made to Gen. ^Miles; but, as all the counties did not
report, the figures were under the true number. He told Gen. ^Nliles that,
if he would provide quarters for them, the directors would furnish compe-
tent teachers and supervise the institution. He said $3,000 would buy and
■ urnish a suitable building on a square adjoining the white school and
that the General could have rations issued for the pupils. Gen. INIiles
approved the plan, but it failed to materialize.

Miss Dorothea L\-nde Dix, the "founder of the Hospital for the
Insane at Raleigh." presented, in 1867, an organ to the institution for the
Deaf and Dumb and the Blind; \V. W. Corcoran of Washington, D. C,
founder of the Corcoran .Art Gallery, aiding in this gift. July 1, 1868. there
were 83 deaf and 34 blind in the school.

The First School for the Colored Deaf and Dumb and
Blind In America Opened January 7. 1869

The report for the year ending July 1, 1869, by the principal,
showed 154 pupils; 28 negroes, and said: "North Carolina has taken the
initative in providing institutions for negro deaf and dumb and blind."
The -American Missionary Association provided a convenient and well
arranged building for the colored department in the southern section of
the city of Raleigh and there the school work began January 7, 1869.
with 28 pupils and competent teachers. This school, the nrst institution
for the negro deaf and blind in the country, operated on a site, on South
Bloodworth Street. In 1873 new brick buildings were provided by an
appropriation of the General Assembly in the amount of $15,000. In 1929
an appropriation of $250,000 was allowed by the General .Assembly for
a new plant for this department. Two hundred and thirty-four acres,

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1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

located uii hifihway route 70, five miles southeast of Raleigh, were pur-
chased, and additional appropriations were made by the legislature for
the development of this department which now has a system of brick
buildings well planned for the purpose for which they were created and
a total of 346 acres in farm and playgrounds.

In 1872 a north wing of the main building of the white school
on Caswell square was built. The design of the main building was Norman,
with a central octagon tower and battlements along the whole front, but
later the roof was removed, another story added and the design changed.
The school, as it stood in 1890, can be seen in the main building of the
Catholic Orphanage, Raleigh, as it is a duplicate in design. .\ large dormi-
tory for boys, with an auditorium on the upper floor was later added along
with other improvements to this plant.

In 1869, Principal Palmer was succeeded by John Nichols, and
afterwards came S. F. Tomlinson, Nichols again, H. A. Gudger, W. J.
Young, Fred R. Place (four months), John E. Ray (who served 1896-
1918) and the present incumbent Dr. G. E. Lineberry from .-Vugust 1918.

The New School for the Blind Was First Occupied
In September 1923

A great forward step was taken in 1913, when the General Assembly
bought 75 acres, adjoining Pullen Park for a new site for the school for
the white blind. It failed to appropriate money for buildings, but in
1917 an appropriation of $150,000 was made. World War I caused much
delay, and the splendid plant on the cottage system, was not occupied
until September, 1923.

The land for the present white school for the blind cost $34,600,
For the construction of the buildings, besides the $150,000 in 1917, there
was appropriated a like sum in 1919, $250,000 in 1921, $326,000 in 1923
and $50,000 in 1925; a total appro.^iimating $1,000,000; the result being
one of the finest plants for the blind in the United States.

In July 1918, the Board of Directors elected Dr. G. E. Lineberry,
a native of Chatham county, a graduate of Wake Forest College, and
from 1914 to 1918 president of Chowan College, to head the School
with the title of "Superintendent."

The courses of study in both the academic and vocational depart-
ments are thorough in every respect, with the result that ninety-s.^ven
per cent of the students graduating from the School between 1920 and
1944 are self-supporting.

There are now twenty-seven teachers at the White Department
and twenty-six at the Colored Department, all of them accredited. The
White Department has 155 students, and the Colored Department has
112 deaf and 97 blind students.

(26)

Part II

North Carolina School for he Deaf

at Morganton

1894 - 1944

Superintendent 193 7-

History of the Education of the Deaf
At Morganton, 1894-1944

Law Creating the School at Morganton
In 1891 the General Assembly passed a law creating the North
Carolina School for the Deaf and Dumb: (Chapter 89, Public Laws of
North Carolina, Revisal of 1915, Vol. 2, Section 4202, XIX— "Deaf and
Dumb" — "Incorporated.") "There shall be maintained a school for the
white deaf and dumb children of the state which shall be a corporation
imder the corporate name of The North Carolina School for the Deaf and
Dumb, to be located upon the grounds donated for that jnirpose near the
town of Morganton."

"Such school shall be under the control and management of a board
of directors consisting of seven members, who shall be appointed by the
Governor and hold their office for the term of six years; said board shall be
divided into three classes, the first shall be elected in one thousand and nine
hundred and nine, the second class in 1907. the third in 1905, and each class
shall thereafter be elected every six years. If any vacancy shall occur by
death, removal or other cause the same shall be filled for the unexpired
term by appointment of the Governor. Said directors shall hold their office
until their successors shall be elected and qualified, but not more than two
of them shall be from the same county."

Chapter 306, Section II, Public Laws of 1925, amending Section
five thousand, eight hundred and eight-nine of the Consolidated Statutes —
"Directors; terms; vacancies":

"The North Carolina School for the Deaf, at Morganton, shall be
under the control and management of a board of trustees consisting of
seven (7) members. The terms of the said trustees shall be for four years,
from the date of the appointment. The Governor shall transmit to the
Senate at the next session of the General Assembly the names of his ap-
pointees for confirmation."

Selecting the Site

This very interesting procedure in the history of the school is well
worth recording in detail, so we quote from the pen of Prof. M. H. Holt, a
member of the first Board of Directors, who edited a brief sketch of the
school for the Kelly Messenger, in November 1896, as follows: "My
strong personal interest, the interest I had felt as a disinterested spectator
and observer, if any patriot can be called disinterested, was intensified when
I was informed iiy one of my Guilford county friends, a member of the
Legislature of 1891 , that 1 had been elected as one of the Board of Directors
of the North Carolina School for the Deaf and Dumb which had been
established by that body and located at Morganton. The bill had been
passed and an appropriation of :};20,000 made to materialize the project

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My colleagues on the Board were N. B. Broughton, M. L. Reed, B. F.
Aycock, Col. S. McD. Tate, R. A. Grier and J. J. Long. Our first meeting
for organization was held in April 1891. We met at the Hunt House in
Morganton. now in ashes, and then adjourned to the Western Hospital on
invitation of Dr. P. L. Murphy. There we elected Hon. iVL L. Reed, of
Biltmore as president, and I believe that North Carolina, even to future
generations, will pay us the compliment of having acted with exceeding
wisdom in so doing

"We were shown Vine Hill, down in the field below Mr. Haynes' house
(now the residence of the Superintendent), as the location selected in haste
by a committee of legislators sent here to see what Morganton offered in
addition to a ,'?5,000 gift, to secure the school. When we got on it, we found
the site unsuitable in many ways. We found 100 acres of land. We needed
more. We found too little room on the top of that hill for a great State
Institution. We found no shade. We found we had to look up to see the
top of Spa Hill, to see the Western Hospital, to see ^Morganton. We ex-
amined other sites — the grove between the tannery and the Depot and field
adjoining, commanding sites east of town. From all these this splendid
wooded summit (Spa Hill) loomed up as the most beautiful in all the
landscape, and from every hill top we would say to Col. Tate, "why can we
not get that site?" Each time he would say: 'That cannot be had. A land
company is going to put a hotel there and improve the springs property
at the foot.' When we got back to the hospital, we looked out at the window
and over here beckoning to us through the bright April sunlight, were the
white oaks that crowned this hill. Haunting their beautiful tops, green with
the bursting buds of the new season, saying 'come here, come here.' One
of the Directors turned around and said, 'Gentleman, we build not for a dav
nor for a year, but for a century, aye for the coming centuries?' Keats well
said: 'A thing of beauty is a joy forever;' coming ages will rise to caM us
blessed if we build wisely. What will that site cost us? We sent for the
stockholders. We stated facts. We called for figures. We made an agree-
ment and secured this property, just without the corporate limits of the
town and known as the Ravencroft College property. The tract of land
consisted of two hundred acres, divided into two lots of one hundred acres
each. The first lot cost .'?6,500 — five thousand of the amount was contrib-
uted by the corpation of Morganton, and the balance ($l,S00i was
cut of the appropriation. The title of the second lot was donated by the
town of Morganton."

Appointment of Advisory Superintendent

"The other wise thing we did at this meeting, in April, 1891, was to
place at the helm of this great undertaking the man fitted by nature, spe-
cial training and experience for Advisory Superintendent, Prof. E. ]^IcKee
Goodwin. This position carried no salary with it. and for three years the

(31)

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf "" 1944

Advisory Superintendent spent niucli time in getting tlie plans and building
tlie new school. Later, in April 1894, he was elected Superintendent, North
Carolina is indeljted to E. McKee Goodwin for an untold amount of
work, of plans suggested, of money saved, of energy directed wisely,
and only the Board of Directors know how much. It is to Prof. Good-
win that we owe the fact that we builded better than we knew.

"It was determined at that tirst meeting to send a committee to
visit institutions at Washington, Philadelphia and New York. Mr.
Broughton, Mr. Aycock, Prof. Goodwin and myself were appointed. We
left the 24th of June, '91, taking in all these places, and attending at
Lake , George the National .Association of oral teachers of the Deaf. We
visited Gallaudet College at Washington, the Pennsylvania School at
Mt. Airy, New York Institution on the Hudson at Washington Heights,
and some special schools in New York City. The main thing with us
were bricks and mortar, ventilation, heating, lighting, water supply, work
shops, printing office, sewing rooms; in a word the material finishing?
and furnishings of a great school for our North Carolina deaf.

"We are grateful for the universal courtesy of all those engaged in
this great work. They vied with each other in giving us all the informa-
tion possible and Dr. Crouter of the Pennsylvania School even going
beyond this and giving us substantial help.''

Final Action of the Building Committee

In September, 1891, the Building Committee held a meeting and
made a written report of their work as committee of investigation. The
plan submitted by A. S. Bauer, .Architect, of Raleigh, after the model
of the Philadelphia Institution, was adopted from many others as being
the best and most economical and in accordance with the institutions of
like nature. The plans of this original "Main Building" specified that
it was to be three stories in height and basement with a central tower in
front. It was to consist of a ira-n central building 165 feet in depth and
two wings of 110 feet in depth. The entire front was 256 feet long. The
contracts for excavation were let and completed May 1, 1892.

Laying the First Brick
The first brick in the building was laid by two deaf children,
pupils who had begun their school ciiurse at the "Caswell Square" Schonl
for the Deaf and the Blind at Raleigh, in 1888 and 1890, Maggie Le Grand
(Mrs. Hugh G. Miller), of Charlotte, and Robert C. Miller, of Shelby. The
latter graduated from this school in the Class of 1898, and from Gallaudet
College, Washington, D. C, in 1903, with the degree of B L. From 1904
to 1926 he served as teacher in this School and was appointed a memi)er
of its Board of Directors, by Governor Hoey, in 1931, serving on the Board

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1845 — Education of the Deaf in Xorth Carolina — 1945

until 1940, when he moved his residence to X'iruinia. The basement and
nearly the first story were finished with the first appropriation of $20,000.
The General Assembly of 1893 was urged to make an additional apprf)-
priation of ;?80,000 ($40,000 per annum for the biennial period) to com-
plete this building. The Legislature granted an appropriation of $70,000
;.nly. Owing to the slow process of securing appropriations, it took three
years to build the "IXlain Building." The Legislature of 1893 under the
administration of (jovernor Thomas ^I. Holt, granted an appropriation
of only $35,000 annually for maintenance.

School Opens for the First Session
On October 2nd, 1894, the first session of the school opened and
it was early seen in the many difficulties which were overcome by Prof.
Goodwin, that the Board had made no mistake in selecting him superin-
tendent. The enrollment at the beginning of this first year was 104 pupils,
with eight teachers in the "literary" department, classified as follows:
Manual department — five; oral department — two; art department — one.
The first staff of teachers to greet Dr. Goodwin on that memorable second
day of October, 1894, was David R. Tillinghast, Zacharias W. Haynes,
Mrs. Laura A. Winston, John C. Miller, and O. .\. Betts, of the ^Manual De-
partment, all of whom had been associated with Superintendent Goodwin,
when he was teaching in the School for the Deaf and the Blind at Raleigh;
Miss Anna C. Allen, Chief Instructor, and Miss Eugenia T. Welsh, of
the Oral Department: Miss Sudie C. Faison, Teacher of Art. In addition
to the regular paid staff, there were two Xormal Training Students, ^liss
Xannie McKay Fleming and ]Miss Stella B. Hamner who constituted the
first normal class and who devoted much of their time in regular class
work. Members of the \'ocational. Accounting, and Domestic staff were:
teacher of sewing and needle work. Miss Mary Xash: steward and treas-
urer, Capt. George L. Phifer: matron, Mrs. Mary B. ^Malone; assistant
matron, Mrs. Corinna S. Jackson; engineer. Walter J. ^Matthews; expert
carpenter, Thos. P. McKoy.

First Official Report

The first official report made to the Legislature of 1895 was but an
earnest of the unbounded interest and devotion that seemed to permeate
the entire school from the superintendent dowTi through the student body
themselves. The key-note that seemed to grip the .spirit of every one
was appropriately sounded by Superintendent Goodwin in his statement
in this early report setting forth the "Design of the School" which said.
"the School was created and established jar the sole purpose of educatin?
the ivhite dcaj youth of our State." That simple but purposeful goal has
ever been the guiding star that has led this school throughout this first
half-century to a place among the leading schools for the deaf in America.

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Every official report emanating from the Superintendent's office conveyed
in no uncertain terms the purpose of the School. So, after ten years of
growth, one finds the same sentiment enunciated as follows: "We have
endeavored to keep in view the primary object for which the school was
created — the education of the deaf children of our State; and by educa-
tion we do not mean education only in the general acceptation of the word,
but education that mai<es the best citizenship and the happiest homes."

Distinguished V^isitors

The rapid deve'opment, both in methods of teaching and in physical
equipment, soon gave the school a high rating in the profession of special
education and brought to our class rooms educators of distinction from
other schools for the deaf, as well as the heads of our own State depart-
ments. On October 31, 1895, the school was honored by a visit from Dr.
Edward ;\I. Gallaudet. President of Gallaudet College for the Deaf at
Washington, D. C, who, after visiting the classes, addressed the teachers
and pupils assembled. .At a later date Dr .\Iexander Graham Bell was
an interested visitor to this new institution of the South. He was ac-
companied by Dr. Frank W. Booth, then secretary of the Volta Bureau.

Rapid Growth of the School

In his second biennial report, covering the period, December 1,
1894 to December 1. 1896, the Superintendent reported an enrollment
of 204 pupils, an increase of 100 pupils for the two years. During the
second session, 1895-96, 62 new pupils were admitted, one of the largest
classes of beginners ever entered any school for the deaf in .America, thus
proving the great need for the new school at Morganton,

One of the most pressing needs stressed in this report was that for
a new "School House" suited for class work. The rooms which were then
being used in the .Main Building were only intended for a temporary
arrangement. Therefore, the Directors respectfully asked the General
Assembly of 1897, through Governor Elias Ca'rr, for an appropriation of
twenty thou.'^and dollars (S20.000), to be used in erecting and equipping
a school building, which from the beginning had been a part of the plan
in providing necessary buildings. This request was granted and steps
were taken immediately to have the architect, W. H. Sloan of Morganton,
prepare the plans and specifications. The wood work for this building was
done by the wood working department of the school which had been the
first building completed of the architect's general plan. .At a meeting of
the Executive Committee of the Directors, on ^Nlarch 3, 1898, the plans
were approved and work was to have begun at once, September 15, 1398,
being the date set for the completion of the building, but, owing to the
very unfavorable season for building, work was suspended for several
months, extending the date of completion to September, 1899.

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1894 — XoRTH Carolina School for the Deaf ~— 1944

The corner stone o' the new school buildhig was laid by the Grand
Lodge of Masons of North Carolina, on ]\Iay 31st, 1898. It was a general
holiday, not only for our school, but for the town of Morganton and com-
munity. There were more than a thousand people on Spa Hill that day.
Among the distinguished guests present were Dr. Edward M. Gallaudet.
President of Gallaudet College of Washington, D. C, Justice Walter Clark
of the Supreme Court Bench of the state. Grand Master Walter E. Moore
of Webster and Dr. T. H. Thornwell, South Carolina. Ten Masonic Lodges
were represented and the Morganton Lodge of Knights of Pythias, the
Junior Order of Ignited American Mechanics, and the Junior Reserves were
in the procession, led by the ^lorganton Cornet Band. The corner stone of
Georgia Marble had inscribed upon it the name of Grand blaster Walter
E. ]\Ioore, and simply the date of 1898.

The entertainment given by the pupils o' the school on Monday
night following the laying of the corner stone was largely attended. Higher
praise could not be accorded either to it or to the school and its teachers
and managers than the words of Dr. Gallaudet quoted both in the Char-
lotte Observer and the News and Observer: "that a more meritorious ex-
hibition of the methods and results of teaching the deaf he had never wit-
nessed either in Europe or America." Dr. Thornwell bore substantially the
same testimony.

New School Building Opened
The new School Building had been completed and furnished ready
for the opening of school on September 14th, 1899. If every legislator and
and every tax payer in the State of North Carolina could have viewed the
happy faces of the deaf children and their teachers and caught the inspira-
tion, which words fail to express, on that glorious September morning, as
they marched forth to their new class rooms for the first time, and that
impression could have been transmitted down through the years, those
responsible for providing funds to maintain this wonderful School could
ever hereafter rest upon their oars. A dream originating in the heart of
the founder of this school several years prior to this day had come true.

While not elaborate in architecture, the building was well arranged,
convenient and substantial: a brick structure, slate roof, wings two story,
and center three story. There were twenty regular class rooms, with a supply
closet for each, necessary lavatories and water closets, and a large assembly
room in the center of the first tloor. The rooms were furnished with the
best slate black-boards. The entire third floor of the center portion contained
sky lights in addition to the dormer windows on three sides, making it an
ideal studio for the classes in art.

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1845 ~ Kdhcation of the Dkaf in Xorth Carolina — 1945

Additions to Main Building; Fire Exits, New Boiler,
Fire-Pump and Reservoir

An approiiiiation of $7,000 was granted by the Legislature of 1901
lor erecting additions to the two wings of the INIain Building, which in-
creased the dormitory capacity for fifty more pupils, and furnished other
exits in case of fire. These additions together with the installation of a
70-horse power boiler, a Knowles fire-pump and the construction of a
reservoir cost approximately $10,000.

Goodwin Hall — The Primary School

Due to the increased attendance, stimulated by the operation of the
compulsory law put upon the statute books regarding deaf children, an
urgent appeal was made to the State Legislature of 1907 to provide another
building to accommodate the increased number of classes, and an appro-
priation of $40,000 was asked for this purpose. In response to this request
the sum of $24,000 was appropriated. With that money, by the utmost
economy and personal supervision of Superintendent Goodwin, a splendidly
built, well-located Primary Building was erected. However, there was no
available funds to equip and furnish this building until the Legislature
of 1911 allowed an appropriation of $4,000 for this purpose. In September
of that year the door to this new building for the primary pupils was first
opened.

Out of compliment to E. ^NIcKee Goodwin, who had given his energy
and wisdom to the development of the Xorth Carolina School for the
Deaf, the Directors, at their meeting in ?klay, 1911, gave the name Good-
win Hall to this new building, a complete "little institution" in itsell
with a capacity to accommodate 100 children.

^^'ith this separate building, the younger pupils, seven to twelve
years of age, were segregated from the older ones that they might have a
better showing in their early training in speech-reading, thus forming the
speech habit.

Superintendent's Residence

\\"hen the Xorth Carolina School for the Deaf was located at J\Ior-
ganton, there was one brick building located on the property. That was
:■ building originally constructed for a proposed seminary for girls, con-
ceived, and begun by the Episcopal Church. According to the Biennial
Report of the school year for 1901-03 this building had been remodeled
to be used as the Superintendent's home, so constructed and arranged
that it may. if necessar\-. be used for a school building. The original
plans drawn up by the school architect, w'ere much more elaborate than
the completed building. .According to tradition, the interior woodwork of

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unusually line design and finish, was done in the school shop. One mantel,
that is in the sitting room, is said to have been the work largely of one boy.
The house was originally heated by fireplaces: later on a heating unit
was placed in the basement. Later still, the building connected with the
central heating system of the plant.

From the outside, the building is of unusually fine design, in keeping
with Southern home architecture. The fine oak trees that surround it add
much to its dignity and beauty.

The Infirmary
For several years provision had been made for taking care of the sick
in rooms segregated for that purpose in the ^Nlain Building. There were
times, however, especially in cases of contagion, when this arrangement
caused great anxiety, thus affording convincing evidence of the need of a
separate hospital to prevent an epidemic and to provide more comfortable
ynd safe quarters for all patients. With these facts clearly presented to the
Legislature, an appropriation of SI 5,000 was made in 1917, and C. C.
Hook, architect of Charlotte, was awarded the contract to prepare plans
and specifications for a building two stories high and absolutely fireproof.
This building, which is heated by low pressure steam, has a capacity for
thirty-six beds and other necessary rooms for the complete and successful
operation of such a hospital, including an operating room and a room
for dental work. Owing to the difficulty of securing building material during
World War I, the hospital was not ready to receive patients until the
late spring of 1918.

The Gymn.asium
Recommendations were made to the Legislature of 1921 for an
appropriation of $10,000, together with permission to use a surplus of
$23,000 of a former bond issue, for the purpose of building a gymnasium.
These requests were not granted until the session of the Legislature of 1923,
and the gymnasium was completed and partially equipped by June 1924.
It consisted of a swimming pool built in accord with most inodern features,
and a bowling alley with double "runways" and the gymnasium proper
on the second floor.

Primary School Building
To the Legislature of 1927, the need of a recitation building for
the Primary Department of at least twenty class rooms was stressed. It was
estimated the building could be erected and equipped for $50,000. This
amount was granted and the new building was constructed and ready for
occupancy by the opening of School in September, 1930. The crowded
condition of the "^.chool was greatly relieved by this new fire-proof recita-
tion building, having twenty class rooms with accommodations for 200
children. /^gs

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944
The Trades Building

In his biennial report, dated September 24, 1926, SuperinlLncient
Goodwin tells ol his request of the Legislature of 1927 lor an appropriation
of :i;80,000 for a new industrial b\iildinp; properly equipped for four de-
paruiientp. The actual cost ol the building, not including the equipment
was a little over the $30,000 appropriated. The building, which was erect-
ed by the Brown Harry Company, of Gastonia, was formally opened on
April 27, 1928. It is 98 feet long, 44 feet wide and three stories high,
located just west of the gymnasium facing south. The first or ground floor
was originally used for technical instruction of wood-work. The piinting
department occupied the entire second floor. The thi;d floor was occupied
by the tailor shop and the shoe repairing shop, each occupying half of
the space the entire length of the building. The east side contains the
stairways and a lavatory on each floor. The building is fireproof through-
out, splendidly heated and well lighted both artificially and by day light.
Several changes have been made in the arrangement of some of the depart-
ments of this building since 1928, but the printing department which has
modernized its equipment in recent years, still occupies the entire second
floor. The third floor is occupied by the handicraft classes.

FiREPROOFING AND REMODELING

When the first buildings were constructed, it was thought sufficient
fire protection to use brick for main walls, and to construct floors, stairways,
and the like of wood. .\s time passed, and as fire prevention regulations
became more restrictive in the state, the Board and the Administration of
the School became more and more sharply aware of the need for adequate
fire protection. In 1937 the matter was brought to the attention of Governor
Clyde R. Hoey. Apprised of the risk to the lives of the deaf children
from fire. Governor Hoey set aside funds from the State's Emergency Fund
and ordered work to be begun at once on fire-proofing the two dormitory
buildings. In the meantime a fire w-hich started in the high school build-
ing completely destroyed it. When the remodeling job was completed, the
school possessed two dormitory buildings, two twenty-four classroom build-
ings, a, hospital, and a boys' vocational building, all fireproofed and so re-
modeled as to greatly improve facilities lor work, the total cost of which was
$344,876.21, frdiii 1938 to .1942, an expenditure that has already proven
its worth, and one which protects deaf children from the hazards of fire —
an outlay which the State may look upon with pride.

The only buildings not now fire-proof are the superintendent's home,
the building housing the power plant, and the girls' vocational classes, and
the dairy barn. The administration has already submitted plans and esti-
mates for this work.

(40)

1845 -~ Education of the Deaf in Xorth Carolina — 1945

Water Supply Systkm

The systeii) of sujiplying water to the School was originally instalk'fl
by a .series of Driven Tube Wells wiiich was adequate for several years, al-
ihounh this method of obtaining water entailed great expense, .\fter this
system had been in use fifttsn years, it was found to be inadequate, and
for the protection of the State's property, as w?ll as for the health of the
School, another source of supply became imperative. Consequently the
Directors requested from the Legislature of 1909 an appropriation of
520,000 to put in a gravity plant, bringing the water from the South
Mountains, a distance of five and a half miles. The Legislature of 1911
granted this appropriation with which 500 acres for a water shed were
purchased and the system installed with a six inch pipe line which, if need-
ed, could deliver to the buildings of the School 350,000 gallons of water
daily. In more recent times the storage dam on the shed has been con-
siderably enlarged in an effort to secure an adequate reserve supply of water.
Still larger water reserve provisions are contemplated in the near future.

The C.4MPUS

^lost certainly must go to those who selected the site for the School,
the credit for acquiring one of the most beautiful natural campuses to be
found any\vhere in the state. The steeply rolling character of the terrain
is itself a thing of beauty, .\dded to this are superb views of mountains in
two directions. The great care given over the years to its tine stand of trees,
and to adding trees from time to time, has so enhanced the original site
as to make of it one of the most pleasing school campuses to be found any-
where. In 1940, through the generosity of .\lumni, a stone gateway entrance
at the South entrance to the campus was constructed. When modern concrete
roadways are built, these, too. will add to the beauty nature so generously
provided.

The F.arm

When it was finally decided to separate the education of the blind
and the deaf, and when ^Morganton was selected as the location for the
School for the Deaf, there seems to have been in the minds of both the new
board of directors and the ".Acting Superintendent"' that part of the support
for the new school should come from a farm. How much support was ex-
pected from this source is not clear from the record, but from the beginning
a considerable farm operation was conducted as an integral part of the
undertaking. Examination of the biennial reports and the auditor's reports
over the years indicated continuous expansion of this phase of work of the
school, w-ith steady increase in the amount of support from this source. The

(41)

iSfc

or
-«

■11

1S45 — Kducation of the Dkak in North Carolina — 1945

last auditor's report shows a total of $29,572.46 worth of farm produce
consumed, and $2,540.57 sold, or $90.00 per year, per child, realized from
farm operation.

In the beginning, of course, there was no farm machinery except
the very simplest sort, wagons, horse drawn plows, and hand tools. The
farm is now equipped with such farm machinery as trucks for almost all
hauling, tractors for heavy plowing, seeding and harvesting.

At first the farm had a small herd of grade cows, and hogs of the type
found on the farms in the neighborhood. In the school year of 1943-44,
the farm had a dairy herd of fifty purebred Holstein milk animals, a herd
of twenty-five beef animals, and a drove of si.xty Berkshire hogs, and a flock
of six hundred Xewhampshire Red chickens.

.\t the outset it was necessary for people helping on the farm, and for
all the people helping with the year around maintenance, to live in their
own, or rented houses, in the community: there were no houses at the
.school, not even for the Superintendent. Since that time twelve staff
houses have been built. Incidentally, it may be stated here that in the
beginning most of the teachers lived at the INIain Building, in rooms ad-
jacent to dormitories, and, when the fire-proofing was done in 1938-39,
apartments to house eighteen to twenty-four teaching staff were provided.

One cannot leave this discussion of the farm operations of the school
without at least a brief examination of the meaning of this phase of the
school work in terms of training boys and girls in agricultural pursuits. It
is not clear from the records just how prominent this idea was in the minds
of those who acquired land for farming when the new school site was select-
ed. That such training was in their minds is evidenced by the fact that from
the beginning both boys, and girls helped with farm work as a regular
part of their school experience. Up to about 1935 the idea underlying this
part of the school program seems to have been that of giving the boys and
girls an opportunity to acquire some general knowledge of farming through
helping with farm work. In 1935 the Board of Directors began to move
in the direction of more specific training in agriculture for those boys and
girls who might be expected to return to farm homes upon completion of
their periods of schooling. Subsequently these phases of agriculture were
selected for this purpose: Dairying, poultry raising, and gardening. In
1940 a teacher of Agriculture, Mr. Glenn R. Hawkins, was employed, and
this more specific type of agricultural training was begun. Under this pro-
gram it is hoped that eventually all boys and girls will learn something,
both from books, and from actual participation in caring for farm animals,
and about growing food on a farm.

(43)

1894 — - North Carolina School for the Deaf ' — 1944
Compulsory Attendance Law

No single act of the fdiinder of this school is more expressive of his
whole hearted interest in giving the deaf children of North Carolina a
square deal through every legitimate channel possible than his advocacy,
as recorded in the Third Biennial Report of the school, and submitted to
the General Assembly of 1899, for a compulsory law compelling the attend-
ance of deaf children upon some school a certain number of years between
certain ages. With a persistency inspired by a faith in the justice of a
righteous cause, no opportunity was allowed to pass without a due presenta-
tion of this need. Every report of the school from 1899 to 1906 requested
the General Assembly to pass such a law. After eight years of untiring
effnrt, the General Assembly of 1907 gave due heed to this request and
passed a law requiring every deaf child in the State to attend school at
least five years. The moral effect of this law has been good. It will be
interesting to compare the attendance of 104 pupils at the opening of
school in 1894 with that of 525 pupils in 1907, a growth in attendance of
219 pupils in twelve years.

Advocacy of a School for the Feeble Minded

The history of the North Carolina School for the Deaf is so inex-
tricably woven into the fabric of universal education, especially as it might
apply to the field of the handicapped child, that reference to the advocacy,
by Superintendent Goodwin, as early as 1898, for a school for the "feeble
minded and idiotic children" of the State, should be included. We quote
from the Fourth Biennial Report (1897-1898) of this school, which says:
"Our State has responded most nobly to the cry of humanity for the care
of her unfortunates — the insane, the blind, and the deaf and dumb. But
there is a large number of children who are not eligible to either of these
institutions.

"The State owes as much to this class as to either of the classes already
provided for. We have had to refuse admission, under the law, to many
of these children, though deaf and dumb, yet either idiotic or imbecile.

"]Many of these children could be treated, and their suffering amelio-
rated, indeed many of them could be trained, and to some extent educated.

"I respectfully recommend that your honorable Board lay the needs
of this class of our children before the Governor, and urge the General
.Assembly to create and establish an institution for such children."

The Caswell Training School, near Kinston, N. C, was established
in 1913.

(44)

Members of the Board of Directors of the
Morganton School 1891 - 1945

{Arraiij^cd Chrotiolosically)

Name County Period of Appoinhnrnt

M. U. Reed ._ Buncombe 1801-1002

Samuel McD. Tate _...Burke 1801-1802

N. B. Broughton Wake 1S01-1Q04

M. H. Holt Guilford - 1891-1012

J. J. Long ....._ _ Columbus 1801-1802

R. A. Grier Mecklenburg ... 18Q1-1SQ8

B. F. Aycock Wayne ., _.. 1801-1802

Dr. P. L. Murphy Burke 1801-1803

Capt. V. V. Richardson Columbus 1803-1001

A. C. Miller .Cleveland 1803-1804

1800-1025

Samuel Huffman Burke 1804-1900

A. J. Dula McDowell 1895-1900

Dr. H. C. Herring Cabarrus -...- _ 1897-1001

L. A. Britol Burke _. 1807-1901

Dr. M. F. Morphew __ .Marion _ 1901-1905

Isaac Roberts Davie 1901-1903

Jacob C. Seagle _ Caldwell 1902-1906

Frank Thompson Onslow 1903-1904

W. C. Dowd Mecklenburg 1904-1906

J. G. Neal McDowell 1905-1908

W. G. Lewis Iredell _ 1905-1008

Dr. I. P. Jeter Burke 1905-1916

Archibald Johnson Iredell 1906-1909

1915-1920

W. R. Whitson Buncombe .._ 1907-1924

A. L, James Columbus _ 1907-1912

J. L. Scott, Jr. Alamance 1907-1922

Dr. J. H. Mock _..Davidson iqo9-1914

W. W. Neal _ McDowell 1913-1945

Dr. J. O. Atkinson — ...Alamance .. 1915-1920

Mrs. I. P. Jeter _ Burke . __ 1917-1929

J. F. Barrett Buncombe . 1921-1033

Dr. James Morrell Edgecombe 1921-1932

Dr. Howard E. Rondthaler Forsyth _ ... 1923-

A. \. Shuford, Jr. ..Catawba 1925-1933

W. C. Dowd, Jr _. __ Mecklenburg 1927-1933

Mrs. R. B. Boger _ Burke 1927-1933

B. B. Blackwelder _ _ Catawba 1929-1933

W. M. Shuford Cabarrus. 1931-

F. H. Coffey _ ....Caldwell _ 1937.1944

H. L. Wilson Burke 1937-

Dt. Fred L. Motley Mecklenburg 1937-

Robert C. Miller .... Buncombe 1Q37-1040

O. .\. Belts Wayne 1940-

L. A. Dysart ...Caldwell 1040-

W. L. Morris r. _ McDowell 1945-

(45)

Board of Directors
1945

W. W. Xeal
President, 1913-1945

H. E. RONDTHALER

President, 1945-

-«^OT™BiH^p^

O. A. Betts

Vice-President

H. L. Wilson
Secretary

Board of Directors

From the very beginnini; of the education of the deaf in North
Carolina, its control, management and policy making were vested in a
Board of Directors, appointed by the Governor. Elsewhere in this history
there appears a complete list of these Directors. All of them were out-
standing citi;;ens of the commonwealth: many of them served for long
periods of time; many of them rendered distinguished service to the
School. It is not the purpose of this section to speak of the services of all
of these men, but to limit it to the present members of the Board, with
one exception, to be noted later.

'SIr. \V. W. Xe.al, Marion, Xorth Carolina
yir. Xeal, a business man of Marion, Xorth Carolina, was first
appointed to the Board in 1913 by Governor Locke Craig and has served
continuously since. He has for the past twenty years served continuously
as its president. During this long period of time, he has given unstintingly
cf his time and energy to the affairs of the School. Over the years he has
seen hundreds of bo\-s and girls grow to fine manhood and womanhood
under his guiding hand. His popularity with the deaf throughout the
state is the very highest tribute to his unselfish service in their behalf.

Dr. How.ard E. Rondth.\ler, Winston-Salem, X. C,
Dr, Rondthaler, President of Salem Col'e.ge, is himself a distin-
guished educator. He has served as a membei of the Board since 1924.
His peculiar service to the School has been his capacity to judge its work
from the standpoint of a trair.ed educator. Certainly, too, his patience,
understanding, fair-mindedness and his delightful sense of humor have
contributed toward the building of a better school.

Mr, \V, M, Shuford, Concord, Xorth Carolina
^Ir, Shuford's connection with the School has been long and inti-
mate. He began as instructor in Printing in 1909; held the title of Secre-
tary for a long time, and from 1918 to 1927 was Steward (Business
Manager) of the Institution. He left the School in 1927 to become Super-
intendent of the Junior Order Home at Lexington, Xorth Carolina, Shortly
after that, in 1931, he was appointed to the Board, and has served con-
tinuously since. He. too, has seen many boys and girls grow up in the
School and go out to take their places in society: he knows them and
loves them: they seek his counsel and trust his judgment.

Dr, Freu E. Motley, Charlotte, Xorth Carolina

Dr. Motley first became interested in the School through his ac-
quaintance with Dr. Goodwin, an acquaintance which grew into a close

(47j

Board of Directors
1945

W. M. Shuford

F. E. Motley

L. A. DvbAKi

W. L. ^Morris

1845 — Education of the Dkaf in North Carolina — 1945

life-long friendship. An otoKigist he rendered outstanding service to the
School long before he joined the Board. He was appointed to the Board
in 1937 and has served continuously since. His position as a distinguished
specialist in the field of medicine most closely related to deafness has
enabled him to render invaluable service as a member of the Board. Three
years ago he was selected by the Board as consulting otologist. Since
then he has spent some time each year at the School in an otological
check-up of all pupils.

Because of his long friendship with Dr. Goodwin, Dr. Motley con-
ceived the idea of the E. IMcK. Goodwin Scholarship Memorial Fund,
now ,~f75S.OO, and this has already been of material assistance to a number
of boys and girls desiring higher or collegiate education.

Mr. H. L. Wilson, Morganton, North Carolina
Mr. Wilson, a merchant, located in the same town as the School,
was appointed to the Board in 1937 and has served continuously since.
In 1934 he was elected its secretary, and continues to hold that position.
He is also a member of the Executive Committee. Mr. \\'ilson grew up in
Morganton, and as a boy played with the deaf boys. He, therefore, has
the advantage of being acquainted with their traits. Morever, he is
thoroughly acquainted with the community of Morganton and its people.
This latter factor has enabled him to render much valuable service to the
School. As a wise counselor, too, he has gained the respect of all who
have sought his help in matters connected with the School.

]\Ir. O. a. Betts, Goldsboro, North Carolina
If the present Board members were placed in the order of their
longest connection with the School, instead of the length of their service
as members of the Board, Mr. Betts' name would head the list. In fact,
Mr. Betts' connection with the education of the deaf in North Carolina
reaches back to the days when the work with the deaf and blind was
conducted jointly in the institution in Raleigh. He was a member of Dr.
Goodwin's first staff of teachers in Morganton, as was Miss Sudie C.
Faison, the lady whom he later married. He left the School and North Caro-
lina to become eventually superintendent of the Central New York School
for the Deaf at Rome, New York. Upon his retirement from Rome, he
moved back to his wife's old home, Goldsboro, and in 1940 was appointed
a member of the Board, and has served continuously since. He is X'ice-
President of the Board. His long service as an educator of the deaf, his
knowledge of this School, and his wide acquaintance with the deaf in
North Carcjlina, have enabled him to render the very finest service to the
School. He has been able to help many deaf [jeople with personal problems
of every sort He, too, is trusted and loved by deaf people everywhere.

(49)

1894 ~ XoRTH Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

Mr. L. a. Dysart, Lenoir, North Carolina
Mr. Dysart. a banker of Lenoir, North Carolina, took the place of
Mr. F. H. Coffey on the Board at the time of Mr. Coffey's untimely death
three years ago. Mr. Coffey had rendered to the School unique service
as Chairman of the Building Committee during the period of fire-proofing,
1938-40. Himself, a furniture manufacturer and a builder of wide experi-
ence, he was able to handle a most difficult undertaking for the School.
Mr. Dysart succeeds Mr. Coffey not only as a Board member, but is also
a member of the Building Committee charged with handling a considerable
proposed program of Permanent Improvement. His interest in deaf chil-
dren, like ;Mr. Coffey's, is deep and genuine.

Mr. \V. L. Morris, Marion, North Carolina
'Mr. W. L. Morris, of JNIarion, N. C, was appointed to the Board
of Directors of the North Carolina School for the Deaf by Governor R.
Gregg Cherry, and .sworn in on April 21, 1945. He took the place of Mr.
^^'. W. Neal who retired, on .April 1, 1945, after a long period of meritorious
service to the School.

Mr. Morris is a native of McDowell County, and attended David-
son College. Upon leaving Davidson, he was employed by the Clinchfield
Manufacturing Company, and has risen to the Presidency of the firm.
His wide and long business experience well qualifies Mr. Morris for splen-
did service to the School.

Stewards of the School 1894-1945
In the business or accounting department of the School, Dr. Goodwin
was fortunate throughout his administration in his selection of capable
men to fill the office of Steward, now operating under the State title of
Budget Officer, or Business Manager. Then, as now with Dr. Rankin, his
successor, and as the roster of names indicates, they were men of ouslanding
ability in their chosen office, capable of relieving the Superintendent of
much of the burden of accounting and general business management.

GeorRe L. Phifer, Steward ISOl-lQO?

J. R. Clodfelter, Steward ..- .- 1907-1917

W-. M. Shufcrd. Steward .. .- 1917-1926

A. C. Rhodes, Steward - _ 1926-1930

Mrs. A. S. Barron, Budget O.ffice -- 19.50-1944

W. K. Keeter, Business Manager _ - 1944-

(50)

The School of Today

Statement of Purpose

In all Biennial Reports to the Legislature, there is usually an item
giving information of a general nature concerning the purpose of the
School. We give herewith the one prepared by Superintendent Rankin
for his report for 1940-1942—

The Xorth Carolina School for the Deaf is a free public school
operated for the benefit of those children who are handicapped by deafness.
The children are admitted to the school under the provisions of State
Law. It is the aim of the School to attain the following objectives:

1. To seek in every way to help each deaf child become a well-rounded indi-
vidual who fits into .'\merican community life ; a person alert to life about
him. informed about local, national and world affairs, capable of independent
thinkins and action with regard to these, socially adjusted in home and com-
munity, reverent toward those things held sacred by us as a people, loyal
to our national ideals.

2. To so equip each child vocationally that he or she may be as nearly as
possible self-sustaining.

3. To develop in each child, as far as possible, a strong healthy body, intelligent
attitudes toward health and wholesome health habits.

A. To secure for each child, as far as possible, a formal education through
twelve grades on the same level as other public schools in the State.

5. To develop in each child full capacity in speech-reading.

6. To develop in each child, as far as possible, capacity to use normal speech.

The School is a school for the dcaj. It is not a hospital where
children are treated with the hope of restoring hearing. Xor is it a school
for feeble-minded: the school cannot admit children who are of such low
grade intelligence as to be uneducable.

If children are physical I3' strong and well developed, they should
enter school as early as possible: especially is this to their advantage in
the development of speech and ability to read the lips. \\'e have a compulso-
ry attendance law in Xorth Carolina — X. C. Consolidated Statutes, Chap-
ter 95, Article 49. which requires that the parents of every deaf child of
school age place it in this school. The framers of this legislation imder-
stood that the education of a deaf child is a special undertaking, requiring
specially trained teachers and a special type of equipment. The Adminis-
tration of the School wishes to take this opportunity to express the hope
that all school officers and teachers, all physicians and ministers of the
Gospel, and all other leaders in all communities report promptly to the
County Departments of Public Welfare, or to the School, the presence of
deaf children not in attendance at this School. The Administration also
wishes to here e.xpress sincere appreciation of the cooperation of the Xorth
Carolina Department of Public Welfare in getting deaf children into
school, and to express the hope that this fine spirit of cooperation will
be continued.

(51)

1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

The North Carolina School for the Deaf is a free public school.
The only fee charged is a flat fee of $5.00 for incidental expenses. It is, of
course, necessary for parents to pay bus or railroad fare to and from the
School and to clothe children properly. It is of greatest importance that
children have warm clothing. Experience with the problem of clothing has
led us to prepare a suggested list of clothing, which may be had upon request.

If parents of deaf children are in indigent circumstances and not able
to pay travel expenses to and from the School, or to clothe their children
properly, they may apply to the County Department of Public Welfare
for aid. If parents are unable to carry these expenses and will so state on
oath before a Magistrate, the Court may order the County Department
of Public Welfare to assume the expenses. Parents should in all cases notify
the Superintendent when unable to undertake the expense of sending
their children to this school.

Methods of Instruction

"In the education of the deaf, two methods are recognized, the oral
or German method, founded by Samuel Heinicke, and the manual or
French method, founded by Abbe de I'Apee. For more than a century
these methods have been on trial in the Old World, each method accom-
plishing much. A large majority of the schools of Europe use the German,
or Oral method. In former years, in fact till 1867, the manual or sign
method was exclusively used in the United States. Since that period, at
which time the first oral school in this country was established, there has
been a great many changes in methods; in fact, if one takes into considera-
tion the fact that there was necessarily a lack of competent and experienced
oral teachers, the growth and development of the oral method in American
schools is remarkable. Fully eighty-five per cent of the pupils under
instruction in the American schools at the present time are being taught
speech and speech-reading which is included in the oral method.

"Every child that enters the North Carolina School is given a fair

opportunity to learn speech, and speech-reading; and he is kept in this

department unless after thorough trial it is found that through mental

or physical imperfections, or advanced age, he cannot be taught success-

uliy by the oral method.

"Not only does the School try to make scholars of those intrusted
to its care, but to give them much instruction along industrial lines as
will fit them to earn an independent living for themselves and families.
(A more comprehensive report of this instruction may be found under the
caption — "Vocational Training').

We quote the above from a statement made in 1897 by Prof. .M. H.
Holt, a member of the Board of Directors.

(52)

1845 — Kducation of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

The foUowinf; (|iiolatiiins fii)m llie more recent reports of the Principal
indicate the type of instruction that is in use today:

"In our Academic subjects at the upper school, we are emphasizino;
language usage, getting away from so much formal "language drill. ' We
are making an out and out drive on "training pupils to think" and we are
convinced that this can be done b\- relating the work more directly to the
child's own interests and experiences. We have found from the results of the
standardized achievement tests which have been given our pupils for the
last few years that they are weak in "paragraph meaning" and in reasoning
ability. Greater emphasis is being laid on our social studies and on "the
language of arithmetic." This department, under the direction of ]SIrs.
Frances E. Davis, has been greatly improved in the way of more individu-
alized teaching, in better grading and in the teaching of Reading.

"By lowering the age of admittance to our school we have been hav-
ing children come to us on an average of a year and a half younger than
in former years. This is agreat advantage in establishing first speech pat-
terns and in adjusting the child to the real pre-school program which we
are working at in the Primary School. Under the supervision of Mrs. Julia
Coburn, a modified nursery program is being worked out with these younger
children. Their instruction is being better adapted to their social growth
and more in accord with their age and interests. The work in Sileni Reading
in the Lower School and the use of the "whole word" and the "whole sen-
tence meaning" as a means of laying the foundation for speech and lip read-
ing are giving us a good deal of confidence that we are "on the right track."
We have an increasing number of "exceptional children" which come to us
year after year and we are getting better results from them by giving them
handicraft, gardening, more rhythmic games and exercises, and having
them taught by a combination of speech, manual spelling and natural signs.
We are going on the assumption that the method is not so important as
the child. These children must be taught some language, a trade by which
they can make their own way and how to live with other people. By this
varied and elastic program we are doing more for these slow pupils than
we used to do when every child had to fit into one method.

"Our accomplishments in the Primary and in the Upper schools may
be summarized as follows:

1. Better classificatirn as a result of the Standard .■\chievcnient Tests jiiven
twice a \ear

2. Better Program in .Acoustic Training. Hearing tests are made twice a year.
We have 5 hearing aid classes, and will add another group hearing aid
this year.

.5. A more natural approach to the teaching of speech and language, getting
away from so much formal drill and the grammatical method is now
being practiced.

4. Wider use of state adopted text bocks and school readers and greater
emphasis on reading.

5. Better correlated work between .Academic and \ocational departments.

(53)

Goodwin Hall Dormitory

Primary Class in Speech

lcS45 — Education of the Dkaf in North Carolina

1945

Roster of Teachers 1894 ■ 1945

Principals or Educational Department
Mr, Tunis V. Archer Miss Pattio \V. Thomason

Miss Fayeta Peck Miss Enfield Joiner

Mrs. Patlie Thomason Tate

Assistant Principal Advanced Oral Department
Miss Annie McD. Ervin

Chief Instructors Oral Department
Miss Anna C. Allen Miss Eugenia T. Welsh

Mrs. .\nna C. Hurd Miss N. Louise Upham

Supervising Teacher Primary Dep.wtment
Mrs. Laura .■\. Winston

Supervising Te.achers Prim.wy Or.al Dep.artment

Miss Fannie E. Thompson Miss Grace E. Landers

Miss Sarah E. Lewis Mrs. Julia Ervin Coburn

Mrs. Josephine Clodfelter. Miss Patlie V\'. Thomason

Head Teacher Or.-\l Department
Miss Annie McD. Ervin

Assistant Prlnxip.\ls .\dv.\nced Dep.wtment
Miss Annie McD. Ervin Mrs. Frances Embry Davis

Te.acher of the Academic Department

Irene Bowman
Blanche Bowman
Penelcpe Brothers
Grace T. Brown
Jessie Brown
Mary Brown
Gladys Brunner
Margaret Bruner
Mary Buckley
Lydia Burbank
Harriett Bunter

Li rrai

grd Alpha

betkally)

Miss Sarah .\bernathy

Miss

Miss Sophia .\lcorn

Miss

Mrs. Iva .■\lexander

Miss

Mrs. J. W. Alexander

Miss

Mr. J. W. Alexander

Miss

Miss Dorothy Allen

Miss

Miss Marion Atwood

Miss

Miss Elizabeth Avery

Miss

Miss Mina Averv

Miss

Mrs. Margaret Andrews

Avery

Miss

Miss Jessie Ball

Miss

Miss Majorie Banks

Miss

Mr. Otis A. Betts

Miss

Miss Martha C. Bell

Miss

Miss Frances K. Bell

Mrs.

Mrs. Charlie Billings

Mrs.

Mrs. Ruth Birck

Miss

Mrs. Eva Pate Bird

Mrs.

Mrs. Susan Sloan Boger

Mrs.

Mrs. Sarah McConnell Boger

Miss

Miss Joy Bowers

Miss

Miss Alice Bowman

Mrs.

PauUne B. Camp
Lula Carpenter
Maud Carter
Beatrice Chapman
Bashie Chastian Crutchfield
Elizabeth Clark
Charlotte Conley
Julia E. Coburn
Louise Coffee
Opal Coftman
Josephine Conn Clodfelter

(55)

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Miss Mamie Cool
Miss Lucile Cooper
Mrs. OlRa F. Crabtree
Miss Louise A. Curtiss

Miss Barbara Daughtery
Miss Daisy B. Davis
Mrs. Marie B. Davis
Mrs. Frances E. Davis
Miss Virginia DeBerry
Miss Blanche VanDeveer
Mr. Louis R. Divine
Miss Emma Dobbins
Miss Rochie Dttuchty
Miss Emily Dovvdell
Miss Flora Lee Dula
Miss Mary M. Dunlap
Miss Annie E. Dunn

Miss Charlie Elmore
Miss Mary Elmore
Miss Jean Ervin
Miss Elva Evans

Mrs Alice Falls
Miss Bessie Finn

Mr. Ray Gallimore

Miss Mary J. Gartrell

Miss Mary P. Gartrell

Mrs. Catherine S. Giles

Mrs. Cordelia Giles

Miss Lillian Glover

Miss Anna Goldsborough

Miss Marjorie Gordon

Miss Lee Griffin

Miss Olivia B. Grimes

Miss Elizabeth Hairfield

Miss Ethel Hampton

Miss Augusta Hand

Mrs. Bleeckcr Malone Harbison

Miss Catherine Harding

Miss Hermine Haupt

Mr. G. R. Hawkins

Mr. John W. Haynes, Jr.

Miss Carrie A. Haynes

Miss Mabel L. Haynes

Mr. Zacharias W. Haynes

Miss Charlotte Heilhecker

Mrs. Ethel Hendricks

Miss Glennice Hicks

Miss Elizabeth Higgins

Miss Frances Hobbie

Mr. C. J. Holt

Mr. H. McP. Hofsteater
Mrs. OUie M. Hofsteater
Miss Marcella Holtzclavv
Mrs. Mozelle Kibler Horton
Miss Ona Howell
Miss Mary Hudson
Mr. Edwin G. Hurd

Mrs. Nannie Fleming Jeter
Miss Nan Jeter
Miss Irma Johnson
Miss E. Ogwen Jones
Miss Olive Jones
Mrs. Orpah P. Jones

Miss Elizabeth B. Kellogg
Mrs. Lydia B. Kennedy
Mr. Fred Kent
Miss Edra Keplar
Miss Burkett Kibler
Miss Mozelle Kibler
Miss Sibelle DeF. King
Miss Verna King
Miss Sarah Kinward
Miss Mae Kirsksey
Miss Maud Knight
Mrs. Addie C. Knox
Miss Esther Krallman

Mrs. Norma LaFevers

Miss Addie Landers

Mrs. Martha Campbell Larscn

Miss Annie Leslie

Mrs. Betty Kno.x Long

Miss Ola W. Lowry

Miss Kate B. Ludwig

Miss Edith Lutz

Miss Margie Lynn

Miss Mary McCain
Miss Nettie McDaniel
Miss Helen McLean
Miss Mary MacNorman

Miss Mary C. Mauzy
Mrs. Nellie Menzies
Mr. John C. Miller
Miss Mabel Miller
Miss Edna Miller
Mr. Robert C. Miller
Mrs. Edna Bryan Miller
Miss Mildred Miller
Miss Helen Trafford Moore
Miss Minnie E. Morris

(56)

1845 ~ Kducation of the Deaf in North Carolina

1945

Miss Louise Morrou
Miss Lillian Mueller
Mr. Ed«ard F. Mumford
Miss K. Whitley Murphy
Mr. J. W. Murphy

Miss Ermine Neal
Miss Roberta Neal
Miss Carrie G. Nimocks
Miss Susan H. Norris

Miss Nannie C. Orr
Miss Francina Oussler

Miss Elizabeth Palmer
Miss Abbie Palmer
Miss Livingston Patton
Miss Lucille Pearson
Miss Mary Pearson
Miss Marion Peterson

Miss Constance Quackenbos

Miss Mary Francis Ragin
Miss Theresa Ralshouse
Miss ,\da Rankin
Miss Linnie Rankin
Miss Ora Ray
Miss Hester Reed
Miss Ella Renard
Miss Beulah Renn
Miss E. Ethel Richards
Miss Pearl Ridgewav
Miss K. Thomas Riggs
Miss Margaret H. Roberts
Mrs. Irene B. Ross
Miss Stella \'. Rupley

Miss M. Kay Sallie
Miss Kathleen B. Scott
Miss Cleda Shiflet
Mrs. Bettie Bird Shuford
Miss Mattie Simms
Miss Emma Sitton
Miss Fannie C. Smith
Miss Gertrude Sorrells
Miss Mary Spainhour
Miss \"irginia Spainhour
Miss Willie C. Spainhour

Mi>. Hazeline Campbell Sparks

Miss Bruce Sparks

Miss Elsie Spicer

Miss Florence B. Spruitt

Mrs. Herbert Spencer

Mrs. Anne B. Starrett

Miss Martha C. Stauffer

Miss Jessie Stevens

Miss Carrie Stinson

Mrs. Edith M. Study

Miss Grace E. Taft
Miss Dorothy Tanner
Miss Charlie Taylor
Miss Katherine Taylor
Miss M. Elizabeth Taylor
Mrs. Katherine W. Thomason
Miss Ruth Thomp.^on
Miss Troy Thweatt
Mr. David R. Tillinghast
Miss Robbie Tillinghast
Miss Laura Tillswurth
Miss Evelyn Timberlake
Mrs. Marjorie Miller Triebert
Mrs. Mary B. Tuttle

Mr. Odie W. Underbill
Mrs. Rose M. Underbill

Miss Mary \'ance

Miss Sarah Wakefield
Miss Lillian Wakefield
Mrs. Tucker Jeter Walker
Mrs. Elizabeth Walker
Miss Dorothy Wall
■Irs. Jessie Ervin Warbcr
Miss Nellie M. Warren
Miss Josephine Washington
Mrs. Helen W. Watkins
Miss Elizabeth Watkins
Miss Helen Watrous
Miss Sue White
Miss Juanita Whitworth
Miss Gertrude Wildt
Miss Edna Wingman

Miss Daisy Young

Miss Ethel Van Zant

(57)

Boys' Vocational Building

Gymnasium and Swimming Pool

1845 — KnucATioN of the Dkaf in Xorth Cakolina ~ 1945

History of Normal Training

In May 1930, on Ihc Fortieth Anniversary of the founding of the
Xorth Carolina School for the Deaf, Dr. Goodwin wrote the following
sketch of the normal traning work;

"It has been our purpose and custom since our School first opened
in 1894 to train teachers for special work with the deaf. We have empha-
sized from time to time the necessity of better trained teachers and even
have endeavored to raise the standard in teacher training." As was so
wisely expressed by Dr. Goodwin in his last write-up of this work, the
North Carolina School has continued to train teachers and under Dr.
Rankin's leadership the program is going forward.

The real beginning of the Normal Training work at the North
Carolina School for the Deaf was made when the service of Professor E.
McKee Goodwin was secured as Superintendent. The first report of the
Board of Directors had to say of him — "Prof. E. McK. Goodwin is an
expert teacher of many years experience, a man of eminent character
and culture." Recognizing his own need of special training and for first-
hand experience in teaching deaf children before he could properly direct
the educational program of the School, Professor Goodwin went to the Iowa
School for the Deaf to equip himself for his work. He received his training
"in service training" we call it now — and taught two years in this school.
His ability as a "good teacher of the Deaf" was soon recognized, and he
came back to North Carolina to undertake the responsibilities as Superin-
tendent with good training received from this well established mid-western
School. This teaching experience in one of the best schools of that day was
one of the foundation stones in the work of training teachers in the North
Carolina School.

The second step in Professor Goodwin's preparation for teacher
training work was his attendance, as a delegate for North Carolina, at
the first summer meeting of the Association to Promote the Teaching of
Speech to the Deaf, at Lake George, New York, on July 1, 1891. Here
he met Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. Dr. A. L. E. Crouter, Miss Caroline
Yale, Dr. Westervelt and other distinguished educators of the Deaf. He
learned from them what was being done for Deaf children thru Oral educa-
tion and backed by his Board of Directors — several of them also attended
this Lake George meeting — he became an Oral enthusiast and started to
train teachers for this work.

Normal Training in the North Carolina
School for the Deaf

The training of teachers of the Deaf was started in North Carolina
iiin 1893, in the school for the Deaf in Raleigh. Miss Anna C. Allen of the
.Pennsylvania School was the first normal instructor. Miss Eugenia T. Welsh
w\'is the tirst normal student. The following year, when the school was

(59)

!l'

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

I'pened at RIorganton there were two Xoniial Students, Miss Nannie
Fleming of Raleigh and Miss Stella Hanmer of New York. They were
assigned Oral Classes under Miss Allen's supervision and thus the training
of speech teachers was started at this school. These three Normal Training
teachers together with JNIiss Allen taught twenty-five pupils by the Oral
method with very encouraging results. The following is from Miss Allen's
report in December 1, 1894:

"Is it too much to hope that the time is not far distant when every
child coming to the North Carolina School for the Deaf and Dumb shall
have such powers of speech and hearing as he may possess, developed to
the utmost under the instruction of earnest, competent teachers?"

In the ne.xt biennial report (1896), Miss Allen reported an increase
in the Oral classes from twenty-five to sixty pupils. Five teachers and
one normal student instructed these pupils in six classes. Mrs. Anna C.
Hurd, a brilliant young Primary teacher, from the Pennsylvania School
came to North Carolina this year, 1895, and had a class of ten "totalh-
deaf " little children. And it is of interest to read from Dr. Goodwin's report
in 1S96: "Rlrs. Hurd gave an exemplification of methods at the Con-
vention of American Instructors in Columbus, Ohio in July 1 895 and
demonstrated with a pupil, Minnie Hartsell, from this class. We had
cause to feel proud of the work of our school. The Convention received
the work cordially."

In 1897 Mrs. Hurd took charge of the Oral Department and organ-
ized the training of teachers on a very sound basis. She continued to
demonstrate her methods of speech and language teaching at Conventions
of Instructors and her reputation as a professional leader became well
established. She remained in North Carolina until 1906 when she and Mr.
Hurd went to the Rhode Island School where he became superintendent
and she, principal. Dr. Goodwin was often heard to remark that "Mrs.
Hurd put my school on the map."

Following Mrs. Hurd's resignation as head of the Oral Department
and chief Normal Instructor, came Miss Louise Upham, a specialist in
Primary work from Clarke School. Her work kept up to the high standard
set by Mrs. Hurd, and brought into the school many valuable helps to
better speech and language teaching.

In 1912 Miss Fayetta Peck of the New York and Scranton schools
came in as Principal and Normal Instructor. She remained for six years
and did excellent work. Dr. Goodwin i)ften spoke thus of her work, "Miss
Peck was an unusually good organizer and introduced many good things
into my school. "

One of the high spots in the Normal training history in this school
was the coming of Rliss Enfield Joiner to the school in 1917. Miss Joiner,
a graduate of the Clarke School training class and a native of Talladega,

(60)

1845 ~ Education of the Deaf in Xorth Carolina — 1945

Alalxima, had held several headships when she came to Xorth Carolina
as Principal. Through her writinss in the professional magazines and her
frequent appearances on th? programs at Conventions. ]\Iiss Joiner was
recognized as an authority on the education of deaf children, .\fter one
year of successful \york in the school she was "drafted into the service of
her country" (1918) and went to Washington to take over the work the
Government was planning for the deafened soldiers. The place vacated by
Miss Joiner was filled by Miss Pattie Thomason of the Rhode Island and
Newark schools. She had also taught in the Mt. .\iry School and in the
New York School. Her work in \"oice Development and Rhythm was rec-
ognized as a valuable contribution to the problem of securing better
speech with deaf children. She remained as Principal for four years,
when she resigned to be married. ^liss Joiner returned to Xorth Carolina
in 1923 as Principal and carried through a period of Xormal Training from
1923 to 1938 which was the most extensive teacher training work done
in the Xorth Carolina School. ?kIost of the teachers in the school today
were trained by Miss Joiner.

In the spring of 1938 ^liss Joiner resigned and IMrs. Pattie Thoma-
son Tate took her place. The Training of teachers continues under
Mrs. Tate s direction. One or two important changes that have been
made in the Xormal Training Course since Mrs. Tate's return to the
School should be noted:

(1) A plan has been worked cut with the University of Xorth Carolina where-
by a Normal Student may secure a Master's desree in a period of approxi-
mately two years by taking the regular training course at the Xorth
Carolina School for the Deaf and certain required courses at the University.
Most of these courses may taken at the University during the summer
period, allowing the student tc spend the greater part of the school year at
the Xorth Carolina Schcol for the Deaf in observation and practice teaching.
This .secures for the student an increase in her certification rating and con-
sequent increase in salary.

(2) Second, a young teacher may also enter the regular training class without
undertaking the work for the Master's degree. In that case she enters as
a regular teacher on the state salary scale, and takes a Xormal Training
Course conducted entirely at Moraanton and covering two years. Under
this arrangement, the teacher meets with certain members of the faculty
fcr lecture hours over the two years and spends a portion of time in other
grades than the one she is teaching in for observation and practice teaching.

(.0 .A third, and perhaps, most important change in the Xormal Training work
has been the introduction of training for all Xormal Teachers in .\uricular
work. This consists of a study of the C(-nstruction and operation of the
electric hearing aid; study of audicmetric testing; the reading of audio-
grams; and cbscrvation and practice teaching with group hearinc aids.

These changes in the Xormal Training work at the Xorth Carolina
I School for the Deaf are. of course, in line with the best thought and prac-
' tices in Xormal Training work throughout the country. To Mrs. Tate
■should go the credit for these advances.

(61)

Speech Class Using Hearing Aids

Oral Class in Geography

1845 ~ Edlcation of the Deak in North Carolina —

1945

The following is tlic roster of normal students who received training
at this school since 1894:

Session formal Sliideiils In Charge of Training

1S0.1-Q4— Miss Eugenia T. Welsh .- MLss Anna C. Allen
I804-y5 — Miss Nannie Fleming Miss Anna C. Allen

Miss Helen Mocre
1805-96 — Miss Carrie R. Stinson ....Miss Anna C. .-Mien

Miss Evelyn Simms

Miss Frances Burr Way

Miss Flora Lee Dula
1806-97 — Miss Hesta Reed Mrs. .Anna C. Hurd

Miss -Annie McD. Ervin

1897-9S — Miss Carrie Nimmocks Mrs. .Anna C. Hurd

1808-09— Miss Elizabeth Avery -. .Mrs. Anna C. Hurd

1000-01— Miss Mabel Haynes . .. Mrs. .Anna C. Hurd

1007-OS — Miss Carrie Haynes — Miss Louise Upnam

loii-i.?— Miss Bruce Parks .....Miss Fayetta Peck

Miss Lucile Pearson
1Q13-14— Miss Jcs. Washington Miss Fayetta Peck

Miss Lydia Babcock

Miss Pearl Tro.eden

Miss Irene Bowman

Miss Lillian Miller

1014-15— Miss Kathryn Taylor Miss Fayetta Peck

Miss .Annie Cobb

ML-s Sara Wakefield
Miss Grace Holloway
1915-16— Miss Lillian Wakefield Miss Fayetta Peck

Miss Penelope Brothers

Mis Belle Ccrpening

Miss Mary Bowman
19l6-:7 — Miss Marie Pearson Miss Fayetta Peck

Miss Minnie .Abernathy

Miss Mabel Davis

Miss Mary New

Miss Lillian Roberts
1017-lS — Miss Elizabeth .Anderson Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Lee Griffen

Miss Lettie Walker McKinney

Miss Julia McNairy
10 13- 19— Miss Marie Ballard Miss Pattie Thomason

Miss Elizabeth Walton

Miss Rachael Hill

Miss Annie Catherine Matheny
1020-21- Miss Kate L. Wood Miss Pattie Thomason

Miss Frances Embry

Miss -Annie V. Craig

Miss Maude Knight

Miss Katherine Cowles
1021-22- Miss Margie Lynn Mrs. Frank P. Tate

Miss Virginia DeBerry (formerly Pattie Thomason)

Miss Edith Barnett

Miss Evelyn Timbcrlake

Miss Stella B. Hammer

(63)

1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf ^-~- 1944

Session Normal Students In Cluirgr of Training

1022-23— MLss Nellie Hilton _ .Mrs. Frank P. Tate

Miss Alma Weaver
Miss Louise Ross
Miss Katherine Walton

1923-24— Miss Cleta Shiflet ._ _ _ _...Miss Enl'ield Joiner

Miss Christine Wilkes. A. B.
Miss Katherine McMillan,A. B.
Miss Mary E. Taylor
Miss Louis R. Divine

1024-25 — Miss Marjorie Gordon Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Dorothy Allen
Miss Mary Vance
Mrs. Addie C. Knox
Miss .\nnie Leslie
Miss Katherine Cowles
(Repeated Training)

1Q2O-30 — Miss Frances Hobbie Miss Enfu-ld Joiner

Miss Troy Thweatt
Miss Hope Divine
Miss Mozelle Kibler
Miss .Anne Clarke
Miss Dorothy Wall

1926-27 — Mrs. Ray Pearce .Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Rosalie Kidwell
Mr. Fred Kent
Miss Dorothy Tanner
Miss Mildred Davis

1027-33 — Miss Nan Jeter, .\. B Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Mabel Miller
Miss Jessie Stevens
Miss Louise Coffey
Miss Livingston Patton

1028-20— Mrs. Mae Kirkscy Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Tucker Jeter

Miss .Ada Rankin

Miss Mary Frances Ragin

Miss Beatrice Sparks, A. B.

1920-30— MLss Frances Hobbie Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Mary Buckley

Miss Elizabeth Hairfield

Miss Mary McCain

Miss Margaret Thompson

Mrs. Tudor Jones

Miss Burkett Kibler

Mr. John W. Haynes, Jr.

1930-31— Miss Mary .\. Brown Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Naomi Nortz. .\. B.
Miss Jean Ervin. A B.
Miss Juanita Wilworth
Miss Emily Dowdell, A. B.
Miss Cordelia Harper, A. B.
Miss Joy Bowers

1031-J2 — Miss Joy Bowers Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Marv A. Brown

(64)

1845 ~ Education of the Dkaf in North Carolina

1945

Session Sormal Students

Miss Jean Ervin, V. A.
Miss Emily Dowdell. B. A.
Miss Cordelia Harper, E A,
Miss Naomi Nortz, B. S.

1932-33 — Mrs. Iva Alexander _..

Miss Kate Newland Boser, B. A.

Miss Martha Campbell, B. A.

Miss Charlotte Heilhecker

Miss Helen Mae McLean

Miss Ermine Xeal
1033-34 — Miss Margaret Abernathy _.

Miss Sarah Abernathy, A. B.

Miss Anne Boger

Miss Hazeline Campbell, B. .\.

Miss Bleecl<er Malone

Miss Sarah Hubbard McConnell

Miss Mary Elizabeth Taylor

Miss Eugenia Stubbins, B. S.
1034-35 — Miss Catherine Harding, B. S. _

Miss Lula Belle Highsmith.

S.
A.

Miss Marguetite Stonrr,

Miss Sue Ciritfin Webb,

Miss Edna Milk-, R. A.

Miss Roberta Xcal

Miss Alice Krnt, li. A.

Miss Mathilda Kyser
1035-36 — Miss Mina Avprv, B. A. .. .

Miss Catherine Sims, R. S.

Miss Dorothy Poag, B. A.

Miss Elizabeth Xewland, B.

Miss Nevelyn Wall
1036-37— Miss Marcella Holtzcuw, 3. A

Miss Barbara Dougherty. B. .

Mr. Fred L. Sparks, Jr.' B. E.

Miss Sue White. B. A.
1037-38— Miss Olga Frisard. B. A.

Miss Katherine Newland

Mrs. Margaret Robinson

Miss Susan E. Sloan, B. .\.

Miss \'irginia Spainhour, B. .\
1938-30— Miss Alice Andrews, A. B

Miss Margaret -Andrews. B. S.

Miss Camille Rogers, A. B.

Mrs. Alice Street Falls, A. B.

Miss Flora Hawley. A. B.
1938-30— Mr. J. E. Chrisman. B. S. ...

Miss Regina Cobb. A. B.

Miss Betty Gaither

Miss Virginia Dowdell. \.

Miss Marv Spainhour. B.

Miss Nellie Wheeler. B. S.

Miss Alice Dickinson. B. S.
1040-41— Miss Hazel Cress. A. B.

Mr. Millord W. Cress. A. B.

Miss Harriett Tate Greene. .\. B.

(65)

In Charge oj Training

Miss Enfield Joiner

.Miss Enfield Joiner

Miss Enfield Joiner

-Miss Enfield Joiner

-Mrs. Frank P. Tate

. Mrs. Frank P. Tate

Boy Scouts

!•:

■^

Class in Swimming

1845 — Education of thk Dkaf in North Carolina '~ 1945

Session formal Sttidcnts In Charge of Training

Miss Norma J. Cheatham, A. B.

Miss Edra Keplar, B. S.

Miss Masie Estelle Smith, A. B.

lQ41.42_Mr. C. J.Holt, B. S -

Miss Doris Huff, B. S. Mrs. Frank P. Tate

Miss Bertha Reece, B. S.

Miss Elva Evans .\. B.

1042-4.1— Miss Betty Kno.x. B. A. Mrs. Franlc P. Tate

1Q4.1-44— Miss Mary Hudson, B. \. Mrs. Frank P. Tate

1044-43_Mrs. Dorothy Smith. B. S — Mrs. Frank P. Tate

Religious and Moral Training

Religious and moral training have been given a prominent place
in the education of the deaf throughout its one hundred years of history.
The Act providing for education of those handicapped by loss of hearing
and sight emphasized the need for ":Moral and Religious Training." Those
in charge of the work have been, throughout, men of deep religious convic-
tions who sensed the need for development of this phase of human character.

Dr. E. McKee Goodwin, perhaps one of the most deeply religious
men North Carolina has produced, sought from the very beginning
of the School at Morganton, to give proper emphasis to religious and
moral training. His Sunday services and morning assemblies, most of
which he personally conducted, were always pointed toward building these
factors into the lives of boys and girls.

From the very beginning, teachers were required to teach Sunday
School as a regular part of their work. This still is the practice in the
School. Teachers meet their classes at 9: 15 on Sunday morning, and a half
hour of religious instruction is given. Standard Sunday School literature
is used.

Each Sunday afternoon at three o'clock, an in\'ited minister or a
member of the school staff conducts a student church service in the school
the auditorium is filled. The services are often conducted by the leader
the auditoriumm is filled. The services are often conducted by the leader
in the sign and finger spelling language. In cases where the speaker is unable
to use signs, an interpreter is used. The reason for this practice is that
lip reading is not an effective means of communication at greater distance
than eight or ten feet.

On Wednesday morning at eighty-thirty children go to the auditori-
um instead of directly to class. The meeting is utilized for announcements
having to do with student life and school work in particular — it is, however
more than that. Usually a student is called upon to lead in the Lord's
prayer. This is generally followed by a group recitation of assigned memory
verses 'from the Bible, after this some moral question which has been
raised is given emphasis in a brief talk by the Superintendent, or by a
selected staff member. ,^~-,

1894 ~' North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

For many years the Christian Endeavor Society in the School has
been the center of student discussion of moral and religious questions.
One member of the staff is generally selected as advisor to the Society
and serves with the officers in making out the programs. The programs,
once they are made out, are left in the hands of the students and are con-
ducted as they choose. That this work does reflect itself in student life is
unanimously attested to by the teaching staff.

There is definite need for more phases of character building work
along the broad general line of social hygiene. Again, all staff members
are agreed upon this need. Plans are now being worked out for the under-
taking of this phase of character building within the next school year.

V'isiTiNG Clergymen
Throughout the fifty years of the School, prominent evangelists to
the Deaf have conducted services at the school. Their roster includes:

Rev. Job Turner (Episcopal) .._ 1804-1902

Rev. J. W. Michaels (Baptist) ...._ 1905-1036

Rev. Robert C. Fletcher (Episcopal) 1928-1943

Rev. Roma C. Fortune (Episcopal) 1912-1043

Rev. Herbert R. Smoak (Episcopal) 1940-1944

Rev. J. W. Gardner (Baptist) 1938-

Rev. J. R. Fortune (Episcopal) 1943-

Rev. Andrew C. Miller (Presbyterian) ...1930-

It is interesting to note here that Rev. Roma Fortune, one of the
first graduates of this School, was ordained priest in the Episcopal Church
(Diocese of North Carolina) in 1916. For many years he was rector of the
Ephphatha Church of Durham, N. C, one of the few churches built ex-
clusively for deaf congregations. Since his death in 1943, he has been
succeeded there and in the field of special mission to the deaf in the state
by his son, James R., who was ordained in .\pril, 1945.

Health and Physical Education
Perhaps a program of Health and Physical Education in a school
for the deaf has an even more vital place than in a hearing school. In the
first place, the deaf child must leave home for nine months of the year,
and must, therefore, get at least three-fourths of his physical development
at the School. ITiat is, for nine months of the year the School has the
responsibility to provide for plenty of wholesome physical exercise and
play, and must help him build wholesome health habits. In the second
place, a well developed program of interscholastic sports in a school for
the deaf provides one of the finest opjiortunities for deaf boys and girls to
come into contact with hearing boys and girls, learn to communicate more
freely with them, and to build habits of social intercourse that will be
invaluable throughout life.

(58)

1845 ~ P^DUCATION OK THE DkAF IN XoRTH CAROLINA — 1945

For many years three basic ideas have been al the heart of the work
in Heahh and Physical Education at the North Carolina School. The
School is a member of the Western Conference of the North Carolina High
School Athletic Association. For many years its teams have participated
in the schedule of conference games. That this participation has meant
much in the li\'es of the students is attested every year by the enthusiasm
of the entire student body.

Along with the schedule of games, has always gone a program of
Health Education which provides for: ( 1 ) regular periodic physical check-
up, including at least one yearly check-up by a dentist, an otologist, and
a general physical e.xamination by the School physician; (2) A daily play
program which includes all children; (3) Special attention to those whose
physical needs require it; and (4) Classroom instruction in health.

Physical Directors

Miss Inez Boynton -„- 1024-1025

Miss Helen M. Kent - : 1025-1928

Miss Hazel Dickinson _ .._ ...- 1928-1930

Miss Lolita Cox - .._ 1930-1932

Miss Marjiaret .^bernathy _ _ 1932-1935

Miss Bobbie Wolfe 1935-1937

Miss .\lice Dickinson _ 1937-1939

Miss Julia Wayt 1939-1943

Miss Charline Rotha 1943-

Art Dep.artment
It is generally conceded by educators and scientists that the loss of
one sense increases the power of the remaining senses, and it is nowhere
more apparent than with the deaf, as shown in their peculiar power to
observe and imitate. This faculty is requisite for a successful student of art.
We believe no study will develop the child's mind more than drawing. For
a number of years special attention was given to free-hand drawing in all
classes and those showing special talent were given more time in special
classes of painting in oil, water colors, crayon, and sketching from nature,
under the able instruction of Mrs. Sudie Faison Belts. These classes occu-
pied the studio on the third floor of the original School Building a room
well lighted by six double windows and a skj'-light. The work by the art
classes took first premium at the State Fair in 1899. .\s the vocational de-
partment developed it was found more expedient to place all the older pupils
in classes where the training might be of a more practical nature. The
younger group of children were given more training in applied arts and
handicrafts thus supplying the training in drawing which had formerly
been given under a special teacher.

(69)

Jl'

Vocational Exhibit

Hand Crafts

1 845 — Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 194.S

Vocational Instruction

No better appraisal could be made of the objectives in vocational
guidance and training undertaken by the School than that given by Odie
W. Underbill, Diretor of this department, in a recent summary submitted
fur the permanent report to the Legislature, extracts of which are here
reproduced.

General plan adopted to follow in our vocational training work:

1. Elementary crafts for hand skills (small boys and girls —

3rd grade.)

2. Pre-vocational (exploratory). General shop and vocational

agriculture for boys of intermediate grades.

3. \"ocational instruction (chosen trade), for boys and girls of

the advanced department.

4. Placement under our cooperative rehabilitation plan — training

in an industrial school plant.

5. Follow-up program by continuous checking through the

Bureau of Labor for the Deaf to help the individual adjust
himself to the changing conditions in industry.

Instruction and training are given in the following vocations:
Boys Girls

Handicrafts Handicrafts for Younger Girls

Primary Wood Work Homecrafts for Older Girls

Advanced Wood Work Primary Needle Work and Mending

Printing and Allied Trades Advanced Sewing and Dressmaking

Dry Cleaning and Pressing Typing

Metal Work Home Economics

Vocational Agriculture Home Laundering

(Dairy. Poultry and Garden)

In JMay of each year the department puts on a public exhibit of
vocational work in the school auditorium, each shop having on display
only products of the work done during the same year. Each succeeding
exhibit has been marked with real progress in attaining the desired goals
in our vocational program.

In October 1941 the school had a booth in the educational section
at the State Fair in Raleigh for the first time since 1899. The value of
this efl'ort could be readily seen in the state-wide publicity for our school
and its work.

Boys' Vocational Tr.aining
The program provides two semesters of 108 days each, two hours
each school day and four hours on Saturdays, making a total of 576 shop
hours for the entire school year. Due to lack of adequate shop accom-
modations, the younger boys are divided into two groups, each alternating
three days in the shop and three days doing "home help work" in the
buildings, or on the campus.

(71)

1894 ^-^ North Carolina School for the Deaf '-^ 1944

Each boy of the Sth grade and above is assigned to his class at
the opening of each semester, after a personal consulation and study of his
aptitude, home environment and wishes. In most cases each vocational class
of younger students is the same as in the academic department.

In the handicrafts shop the little boys find an opportunity to satisfy
their native instinct to use their hands. Under proper instruction and
guidance they develop good work habits and hand skills. This early
training is essential to successful learning and good workmanship in
the vocation training to follow.

Classes in primary wood work are given such projects as would
develop in each boy the desirable traits that will make a good apprentice
of him as he goes along in his vocational training work. Hand skill as
well as head work is stressed at all times in this shop.

In advanced wood work students are given a good deal of practical
training in carpentry and cabinet-making. They also learn to do repair
and alteration work which is essential to home life. Graduates from this
shop have no trouble in securing steady employment in furniture factories
(jr in war plants. This old shop may be identitied with the lives of hundreds
of boys who have left school since 1894.

The print shop has been keeping up its standard of instruction
and training. It is of interest to note that 95 per cent of the boys, who
have learned printing in this shop, are today following the trade with
marked success and entire satisfaction to the employer.

The old tailor shop has given way to a new project — that of
dry-cleaning and pressing. New equipment was purchased and today the
shop is doing a fine service in not only keeping the students' clothes
conditioned but contributing to their neat appearance. Boys of limited
academic ability can be gainfully trained in this shop to secure steady
employment. Several are now employed in some of the larger cleaning
and pressing establishments of the State.

At last our long cherished dream for instruction in vocational
agriculture has come true in the appointment of Mr. Glenn R. Hawkins,
of Nebraska, who by experience and training is well qualified for the posi-
tion. Every boy 14 years old and over is given an opportunity to learn
something of agriculture. We hope soon to have regular classes composed
of both boys and girls, also 4-H clubs.

Metal Work was added to our vocational training program in
the fail of 1943. It has proved to be excellent trainin;; for a number of
boys with limited academic ability but good mechanical talents. Already
four are employed in war production work.

(72)

1845 ~ Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

Girls' \'ocational Training

The girls' vocational program offers each older girl an equal chance
at training in three essentials: Cooking, Dress-making and Home-making.
Each girl of the 7th grade and over has 396 class hours of instruction and
training during the school year divided as follows:

Home Ercnoniics 120 hours

SewinR and Dress-making 120 hours

Home Crafts including Weaving _ .._ 72 hours

Cloth Mending ._ „ AS. hours

Home Laundering - 36 hours

Each of the younger girls receives instruction and training in the
following vocations;

Primary Needle Work and Mending .144 hours

Handicrafts 144 hours

Home Laundering 36 hours

The girls of the high school have 180 hours of instruction and train-
ing in typing during the school year. Their progress charts show steady
improvement in speed and accuracy. Already four graduates have secured
employment as office typists and we have requests for more typists.

In the handicraft shop the older girls are given projects in wood work,
home repair work, loom weaving, knitting, making useful articles out of
waste materials, simple furniture making, varnishing and painting and pic-
ture framing. They will use the ability and skill acquired in this shop in
home repairs, beautification and improvement. The younger girls have
projects such as making wooden toys, making articles from waste materials,
making rugs, primary weaving by hand and on the looms and painting.

The older girls have made splendid progress in sewing and dress-
making under the experienced instruction of Miss Cora Byrd. Each girl
makes one or more dresses for herself each year and the quality of her work
is a real credit to the training work in that shop. They hold a fashion show
about Easter time each year. For the past two years the girls have made
a great many serviceable dresses, slacks, aprons and suits out of print
cloth from poultry feed sacks, the actual cost of each dress being 10 or 15
cents. The girls, too, have made scores of Red Cross gowns and bed-room
slippers, and knitted sweaters and gloves for use by the Armed Forces.
Out of that old sewing shop have gone forth into the world hundreds of
girls who are today using their needle skills to good advantage in their
homes.

Since we installed a new electric range, the classes in Home Eco-
nomics have made excellent progress in the culinary art. They learn
about nutrition, marketing and budgeting, besides cooking. This year they
are taking lessons in dairy products and in canning.

(73)

Class in Printing

,■««*

Class in Home Economics

1845 ~ Education of the Deaf in N'orth Caroltna — 1945

Printing at the School

"North Carolina has the honor of publishing the first paper at a
School for the Deaf in the United States. The paper was started at the
School for the Deaf and the Blind at Raleigh, sometime in the fifties and
was called The Deaf JNIute Casket. JNIr. W. D. Cooke, the first super-
intendent of the school was the editor. During Mr. Cooke's superintenden-
cy the state printing was all done in the office of the Casket. The office was
at that time well fitted out and did a great deal of job work, besides the
state printing. The American Annals of the Deaf was also printed in the
office of the Casket. During the war of 1860, a large portion of the Con-
federate States money was printed in this oftlce. The writer of this para-
graph, :Mr. Z. W. Haynes, deceased, stated that he had seen stacks of crisp
Confederate bills in the Casket office which, if good money now, would
amount to an immense fortune. Connected with the office was a book-
bindery, where several deaf boys became good book binders."

The original equipment consisted of a printing press, and a small
steam engine which was also used to grind meal and to cut wood. Books
for the blind, using raised letters, were produced in the shop.

There is no definite record of its existence after the Civil War, but
with the going out of John Nichols, the principal, himself a printer, the
old shop was permanently closed.

In October 1895 printing was introduced into the industrial training
department at the new school. Two Chandler and Price job presses, six
double stand-cabinets of type and a hand-power paper cutter were equip
ments installed. The first shop was over the boiler room — nice and warm
in winter, but uncomfortably warm in spring and fall.

There the Kelly ^Iessenger made its first appearance September,
1895, with E. McKee Goodwin as editor and H. ^IcP. Hofsteater as instruc-
tor of printing. In September, 1903, the paper was rechristened The Deaf
CaboliniaNj as a name better identifying its purpose.

From 1896 to 190S the paper was edited by the "Superintendent
and corps of Teachers." Edwin G. Hurd was the editor during the 1905-06
session. He was followed by ^Irs. L. .\. Winston who served in that capaci-
ty until 1909 and was succeeded by !Miss 01i\'ia Blount Grimes. For the
ne.xt twelve years Miss Grimes edited the paper, putting it on a high
standard of journalism. W. M. Shuford, who had been instructor of print-
ing since 1909, succeeded her and continued the high standing until 1926.

Odie W. Underbill, who began his vocational training as the "printer's
devil'' in the old shop back in 1895, was made editor and has continuous-
ly served in that capacity to this time with the exception of the 1939-40
session when John \\'. .Alexander acted temporarily as editor.

(75)

1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

Until September. 1913, the type in the school publication was all
hand-set. The first typesetting machine was installed, and to date it is stiM
in service. The jirint shop was moved in 1909 to a cooler room in the front
of the old industrial building, A new drum revolution press was put in use
In February 1928 the print shop was moved to its present c}uarters in the
new Boys' Vocational Building. New equipment has been added from time
to time and today our print shop is considered among the most complete-
ly equipped of any school in the country.

Out of this print shop a hundred and seventy-eight boys have fol-
lowed the trade, according to a recent survey of the Bureau of Labor for
the Deaf.

Voc-^TioNAL Teachers — 1894-1945

Name nj Teacher Vocation Years

Miss Laura Baucom _ Sewing and Dress-malcing _ 1001-1903

Miss Ida Bell _ Sewing ._ 1902-1011

J. W. Berry Shoe Repairing .. 1028-1930

Miss Sudie Faison Betts _ Art and Free-hand Drawing 1894-1906

Miss Susie Blanton Laundering ___ 19,!6-193S

V. S. Birclc .L Crafts (boys) 1913-1916

Miss Annie B. Brantley Domestic Science 1926-1928

Mrs. Ethel Bridges -. Laundering _ 1940-1942

Chas. F. Brown Carpentry 1900-1003

Geo. K. Brown .Printing _ 1938-

Miss Hazel Burley Domestic Science 1914-1921

Miss Cora Byrd Sewing and Dress-making 1914-

Miss Hazeline Campbell Domestic Science ...., 1932-1933

Miss Martha Campbell .-. .Domestic Science 1930-1032

Lynden F. Carr _... Shoe Repairing 1928-1930

France Cline Dairying 1928-1936

Miss Nora Coffey ..._ Laundering _ 190,=;-1012

Geo. L. Cole Printing . 1022-1926

Paul Crutchfield _ _ Primary Wood Work 1038-1044

Ralph Crutchl'ield Primary Wood Work 1944-

H. W. Davis Wood Working 1944-

Mrs. L. R. Divine Domestic Science 1921-1926

Horace Duke _ Printing 1936-1944

Miss Lizzie Ellington Sewing and Dress-making 1807-1900

Henry Freeman .•. General Shop 1944-

M\st, Betty Gaither Typing and Arts _... 1938-1940

Ray Gallimore Boy's Handicrafts 1937-1941

M. J. Green Carpentry 1903-1905

V. V. Hallman ...Carpentry :. 1897-1900

F. U. Hammond Woodworking 1913-1914

Miss Ethel Hampton Primary Sewing and Mending .. 1939-

Miss SalUe Hart _ ...Cooking 1900-1903

G. R. Hawkins _ Manual Arts 1928-1934

G. R. Hawkins Vocational Agriculture 1942-

(76)

IcS45 — Ei)i;cATioN of thk Dkaf in North Carolina — 1945

Mrs. G. R. Hawkins Girls' Handicrafts 1944-

H. McP. Hofsteater Printing 1806-iao5

Mis Afincs Hunsicker Cooking 100,^-1005

Miss May Hunter Handicrafts 1005-1010

Miss Annie Keith Sewing 1011-1014

O. E. McBrayer Agriculture _.. lOQ.Uloo?

Thos. P. McKoy Carpentry 1895-1807

Miss Harleston Mcintosh Home Economics 1944-

F. T. Meacham Agriculture _ 1000-100.5

Arthur M. Merilla Tailoring 1021-10,!0

.■\rthur M. Merilla -, Dry Cleaning and Cloth Repairing 10.59

Miss Laura Militzer Handicrafts 1910-1912

Geo. P. Morrison Shoe Making 1922-19.53

R. M. McAdams _ _. General Shop _ 1937-1939

Miss Roberta Xeal Domestic Science .„- 1932-1933

Miss Mary Nash Sewing 1895-1897

Miss Josie Nussman - Sewing and Dress-Making 1900-1902

John Oxford -.- Metal Work _ 1944-

Miss Kathleen Parker _ Girls' Handicrafts - 1937-1944

Miss Julia Potts _ Cooking 1905-1914

Miss Sarah Redfern , _. Domestic Science _ 1926-1928

Miss Anna Ross Laundering _ 1907-

Miss Anna Ross Baking _ - 1908-

Miss M. Kay Sallee ._ _ Handicrafts _ 1912-1916

W. M. Shuford Printing _ _ . 1909-1922

Dewey Sizemore Shoe Repairing 1918-1922

C. L. Smith __ Wood Working 1909-1913

J. L. Sparks Agriculture 1907-1930

C. \'. Staley Domestic Science - 1928-

Mrs. Luther Sparks _ _.... Wood Working 1007-1000

Fred L. Sparks. Jr. __ General Shop .„. 1935-1937

Miss Mary Spainhour Home Economics 1938-1939

W. B. Tarkinton Printing _ __ l!905-1919

W. A. Townsend Shoe Repairing „. _ 1896-1918

J. A. Taylor Dairying _ _ 1927-1928

O. W. Underhill _ Printing „_ 1926-1938

O. W. Underhill _ Director Vocational Education 1938-

Claude Webb Dairying 1938-

H. A. Webber _ Baking 1896-1898

Miss Adelaide Webster Domestic Science 1039-1943

Miss Lizzie York Laundering 1900-1905

(77)

E.\Hii;|l ul- \\ uOD-WoRK

Exhibit of Costumes by Classes in Sewing

1845 — Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945
The Boy and Girl Scouts

Boy and Girl Scout work has long been a regular part of the program
of the School. Originally, the Boy Scouts were part of a Morganton troop
and responsible directly to Boy Scout Headquarters. Twenty-one years
ago the Piedmont Council with headquarters at Gastonia, North Carolina
was organized, and Troop 3 of the North Carolina School for the Deaf was
chartered. The troop has had a continuous and outstanding history since
that date. Its records show seven Eagle Scouts. Its membership at the
present time is fifty-five. It has always been distinguished in the Piedmont
Council for its thorough work and its enthusiasm. Since establishment of
the Piedmont Boy Scout Camp on Lake Lanier at Tryon, North Carolina,
a group of boys has gone to camp each summer and has participated
enthusiastically in camp activities.

Five years ago Cub Pack No. 9 was organized. Boys between the
ages of nine and twelve have the opportunity to participate in the activities
of the Cub Program. One of the interesting outcomes of the introduction of
Cub work is that last year all Cubs who passed their twelfth birthday at
once sought an opportunity to become regular Scouts.

Girl Scout work was introduced at the School when it was first
organized in the community of Morganton, and there has been a troop in
the school continuously since. For a number of years some difficulty was
experienced in the community in finding leadership and the work suffered
accordingly in the community as a whole. This difficulty has been overcome
in recent years, and Girl Scout work is now on a firm foundation.

In recent years, also, a Girl Scout Camp has been operated near
Gastonia, North Carolina, and members of Troop 10 of the North Caro-
lina School for the Deaf have attended and experienced enthusiasm for the
camp program. There are now- two troops of Girl Scouts, one of younger
girls, numbering 30 and one of older girls, also numbering 30. No resume
of the Boy and Girl Scout work at the School would be complete without a
tribute to the fine men and women who over the years have given so freely
and joyously of their time and energy to its leadership. It is largely because
of this splendid leadership that the boys and girls have been able to enjoy
scouting, and out of it have most certainly come finer ideals of .American
democratic way of living.

Scoutmasters of Troop 3, Morganton since 1926:

O. W. Underhill. 10:6-27, lO.'S-Io.v^ 1Q..Q-1Q40

Fred Kent, 1Q27-2S

Fred L. Sparks, Jr., IQ.iS-.^T

R. M. Mc.^dams, lP.w-38

James E. Chrisman, 193S-30

Paul B. Crutchfield, 1040-

(79)

1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

Boy Scouts of Troop 3 who have attained the Eagle rank:

Lyon Dickson, 10.55 Gilmer Lcntz, 1Q44

Russell Herring, 1935 Dr. Carl E. Rankin, 1944

Van Long, 1937 John W. Weaver, 1945

Paul B. Crutchfield. 1940 Dan Lee .\utrey, 1045
Ralph P. Crutchfield, 1940

Military Instruction

After careful study and observation, Dr. Goodwin recommended the
introduction of military training in the school. He secured the services of
Mr. Vernon S. Birck, a graduate of Gallaudet College, and a former gradu-
ate of the New York Institution for the Deaf, as military instructor. The
co-operation of parents in furnishing uniforms was obtained, and the
new feature was begun in September, 1912. Later the War Department
of the United States Government furnished the cadets with Springfield
rifles and necessary equipment of the regular army type. The instruction
given by Major Birck was most gratifying. The boys liked the exacting
discipline. At the close of the session of 1913-1914, Col. J. T. Gardner
examined the cadets, and acting as judge in a competitive drill in the
Manual of Arms, awarded the medal for Company A to Ira Sewell, of Bla-
den county, to Raymond ]\Iaultsby, Company B, of Wilmington. In 1915,
the cadets were reviewed by Adjutant General Young, and Dewey Sizemore
and Everett Brown, Company A, and Rodney Bunn and James Watts, of
Company B, were awarded medals.

In a competitive drill with Horner Military School, held in Charlotte
on the 140th anniversary of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Indepen-
dence, May 20, 191 S, Company A of cadets from the North Carolina School
for the Deaf in command of ^lajor \'. S. Birck, military instructor, won
the first prize — a silver loving cup. The handsome cup now adorns the
trophy case in the central hall of the Main Building.

With the introdution of the new Department of Physical Education
upon the completion of the new gymnasium in 1924, it was found to be
more practical, considering the needs of both boys and girls, to discon-
tinue the feature of military training.

The Kelly Library

In 18S1, Mr. John Kelly, of Orange County, bequeathed six thou-
sand dollars "for the education of the Deaf and Dumb". The courts
decided it was intended for the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and
the Blind, at Raleigh, and the interest on that fund was used for the
establishment of a library. Soon after the Morganton School was estab-
lished, by a decision of the Supreme Court, the library was divided between

(80)

1845 — Education uf the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

this school and the school for the negro deaf and dumb and the blind,
at Raleigh, in proportion to the enrollment of each school, the actual
number of volumes given to the Morganton School being 1194. The
interest accruing from year to year on the $4,000 Kelly Fund is used
for the purchase of books. The library was built up until it contained
more than 4,000 volumes in 1910, when a large part of the library which
was housed as a supplemental library in the school building was partly
lost in the fire of 1938 which destroyed the building. A gradual building
back has brought the number of volumes to more than six thousand,
housed in two library rooms, one on the second floor of the Main
Building for leisure time reading for the older pupils, and one on the
ground floor of the School building for the use of classes. The benefactor's
name was also perpetuated in the title of the paper being published at
the School. The Kelly Messenger, until the title was changed to The
Deaf Carolinian in 1903.

Reading Rooms
In addition to and supplementing the purpose of the library, the
.school has two reading rooms, one for the boys and one for the girls.
These rooms are supplied with the best newspapers and magazines pub-
lished. The students use this literature to a very helpful degree in their
educational work. The education is assured to the deaf boy or girl who
has acquired the knowledge of books sufficiently to appreciate good litera-
ture, and the deaf person, who reads, is in near touch to the world.

Students' Organizations

The students have their own Literary Society, w-orking out their own
programs, always encouraged by teachers. The name of the Literary So-
ciety was changed in 1935 from Kelly to Goodwin in honor of the man
who devoted his life work to the building of the North Carolina School.
Students of the 'Slain school have a Christian Endeavor Society, organized
and conducted by themselves, aided by teachers whenever called upon.

The Fepha Club for girls and the Sterling Club for boys were formed
in 1914 as honor societies of older students. They have continued their
good influence on the student life to this time. The Fepha Club was spon-
sored by !Mrs. Thomas F. Fox (then Fayetta Peck> and the Sterling Club
by ;\Iajor \'. S. Birck. then our military instructor.

The Student Council, organized in 1936, has done much toward
student government, working in coordination with the Faculty Advisory
Committee.

These organizations do a great deal to develop initiative and en-
courage self-reliance and self-confidence.

(81)

Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf
MORGANTON, N. C, JuLY 8-15, 1905

\'n( AimxAi. Agriculture

1S45 ~ EourATioN of the Deaf in N'orth Carolina ^— 1945
The American Convention

The Seventeenth Meeting of the American Convention of Instructors
of the Deaf was held at the School on July 8 to IS, 1905. Thirty- five States
were represented and the Provinces of Ontario and Manitoba. Lieutenant-
Governor Francis D. Winston delivered the address of welcome. Other
State officials who addressed the Convention were Dr. Charles D. ^Iclver,
President of the North Carolina Normal and Industrial College, who spoke
of the needs of the teaching profession, of the growth of educational work
in the South, and of the nobility of the teacher's vocation.

Hon. Benjamin R. Lacy. State Treasurer, welcomed the Convention
and promised that educational interests in North Carolina would receive his
fullest support.

The address by Hon. J. Y. Joyner, State Commissioner of Education,
was inspiring and indicated the deep interest his department shared in the
education of the Deaf.

Arrangements for caring for the visitors were as nearly perfect as
could be. The spacious buildings of the School furnished an ample number
of large, airy rooms to house every one. E.xcellent meals were served in the
great dining-hall of the Main Building. The program was replete with
interesting numbers illustrative of real school work, representative in its
matter, its methods, and its spirit, of work done daily throughout the term
and the course of the School. It was the general consensus of all that this
Convention was one of few to be the epoch makers in history.

The new officers of the Convention elected at the meeting were:
President, Dr. E. 'SI. Gallaudet, President of Gallaudet College: \'ice-
President, E. McK. Goodwin, Superintendent of the North Carolina School:
Treasurer, J. L. Smith. Principal, ^Minnesota School: Secretary. J. R.
Dobyns, Superintendent, jMississippi School.

Bureau of Labor for the Deaf
Created as a division in the North Carolina Department of Labor
under section 7312 (j) of the Consolidated Statutes of North Carolina
by an act of the General .Assembly in 1923, the Bureau of Labor for
the Deaf became the second agency in the United States to devote its
interest to problems of the deaf people. The first one was established in the
State of Minnsesota in 1913. Michigan, Pennsylvania. Wisconsin, and
several other states have seen the usefulness of such a Bureau and have
established them in their respective states. In general the North Carolina
Bureau serves as a clearing hou.se for labor and other problems which
confront its deaf citizen. From this set-up a vitally functioning society of
self-sustaining citizens has been made out of a group which might otherwise
have become dependent on public relief. Formerly the deaf were considered
practically a liability but they are now looked upon as an asset. The law

(83)

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

specifies the duties of the Bureau but educating and getting the employ-
ing public interested in deaf workers, matching men and jobs, and making
placements profitable to job seekers continue to be the chief objectives.
This divison has a staff of two, the Chief and his secretary. The Chief
spends a good deal of time in the field and has the whole state to cover in
conacting employers and clients and making adjustments whenever neces-
sary.

From July 1, 1933 to July 1, 1944, the Bureau had 791 deaf persons
to apply for assistance in solving their various problems. Of that number
539 were available for employment and were placed according to then-
qualifications. From the best information secured by this Bureau it is
estimated that there are 5,088 deaf adults in North Carolina — 3,188 white
and 1.900 negroes. Present statistics show that 796 deag workers have
contributed to essential war production in this state and have liberally
purchased war bonds.

In general, deaf persons in North Carolina have successfully engaged
in textile, hosiery, woodwork and furniture and tobacco manufacturing.
Others have employed their skill in printing, plastering, dairying, dry
cleaning, and professional and clerical work. Many deaf persons in rural
areas have derived good incomes from farming.

The best information secured from other states by our Bureau
shows that 11,000 deaf people are employed in war plants in the United
States. They are working efficiently in 126 different lines of work, such
as carpenters, building barracks and ships; working as brick and concrete
masons, building air bases; working in war plants at the production of
munitions; working in aircraft plants, and they are filling a variety of
skilled and semi-skilled clerical positions with distinction.

Upon the establishment of the Bureau for the Deaf, James M.
Robertson was appointed its first chief and served until 1925, when he wxs
succeeded by Hugh G. ^filler, who for eight years, carried further the
good service begun by Mr. Robertson.

The Bureau of Labor for the Deaf owes much of its fine history
to the man who took it over in 1933, and has been its chief since, Mr. J,
Marvin \'estal, a graduate of the North Carolina School for the Deaf,
and a printer by trade. Fortunately for the Bureau of Labor for the Deaf,
Mr. Vestal had had long experience in a trade in his own native State. He,
therefore, came to the Bureau with a background of knowledge of the needs
of men in industry, as well as a thor(}iigh knowledge of our own Vocational
Training Program. Furthermore. Mr. \'estal is a man of unusual intelli-
gence, capable of developing the principles which must underlie the service
of his bureau. The result is that the Bureau of Labor for the Deaf in North
Carolina has been an important factor in the success of the deaf citizens of
the State in securing and holding positions in industry.

(84)

1845 — Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

Extension Service

This service has had a much longer history in North Carolina than
would be indicated in a study of the work since its formal organization in
1936. For many years both staff and Board Members were called upon from
time to time to interpret at agricultural meetings where deaf farmers were
in attendance. Observation of this very limited type of service for these
farmers and their wives led to the conclusion that what was needed was
an organized service that took full advantage of the facilities of State
College and the Department of Agriculture, and which sought for the deaf
farmer and his family, all the advantages of such services enjoyed by the
hearing farmer and his family.

On recommendation of the Superintendent, the Board of Directors
in 1936 elected Mr. 0. W. Underbill of the staff of the School to head up
this work, and instructed the Superintendent to seek an arrangement with
the State College of Agriculture and Engineering of the University, where-
by this work could be jointly undertaken. In a series of conferences which
followed, and in which Mr. Underhill participated, a plan was worked out.
Mr. Underhill received an appointment as Special Extension Agent to the
Deaf in the Extension Division of the Department of Agriculture in the
College. The College also agreed to arrange for part of the expense of this
work. This joint undertaking of the College and the School has now been
carried on long enough and with such tangible results in the way of real
service to the deaf farmers of the state, that it can no longer be looked
upon as an experiment. Year after year it reaches out and touches the
lives of people who need its services, and who, but for it, would be all
but completely ignorant of the scientific advances in agriculture.

Not the least fatcor by any means in this outstanding service, and
fine undertaking, is the personality of Mr. Underhill. himself. He has made
it his business over these years to study intensively the needs of the deaf
farmers, and has sought out, and brought to the farmers, experts who could
give them proper instructions. In this work he has been helped continuously
by two Board members in particular, ]Mr. O. A. Betts of Goldsboro, and
Mr. \V. M. Shuford of Concord. Both of these men have served as inter-
preters at gatherings or demonstrations of deaf farmers and their wives.

(85)

The Infirmary

A Company of Cadets — Military Training, 1912-lt

IS45 ~ Education of the Dkaf in North Carolina " 1945
Outstanding Personalities of the Early Days

OF THE MoRGANTON ScHOOL

A\'e would like to speak of the splendid service rendered the school by
a host of the staff members throughout the half-century just closing but
space will not permit. However, we feel that our former pupils would be
disappointed if we failed to tell of the forceful influence and great devotion
to the welfare of the school by, at least, a few of those listed as heads of
departments, as well as some of the earlier teachers.

;Mrs. M.ary B. Malone

Our first matron, Mrs. ^lary B. JNIalone, starting her career with
the school when the doors were opened for the tirst time in 1894, will
live in the memory of every one connected with the school in those early
years, for, w'hile they were years of great interest, they were also years
fraught with heavy burdens. Official staffs had to be organized, ine.xperi-
enced helpers trained, and much had to be done with limited means. To
this task Mrs. JNIalone set her heart and with courage and fortitude helped
Dr. Goodwin lay the foundation of a w-ell-organized school. ;\Irs. INIalone
was ably assisted for several years by Mrs. Corinna S. Jackson who filled
the position of assistant matron.

After fifteen years as head of the household department, the condition
of her health caused !Mrs. Malone to retire in the summer of 1909.

From that date until her death in 1933, she spent in the home of her
daughter, ^Mrs. W. \V. Xeal, of ^Marion, X. C. Mrs. Neal is the wife of
the President of our Board of Trustees.

Miss Katherine Walton

Miss Katherine Walton, daughter of Colonel William and Harriett
INIurphy Walton of "Creekside", members of one of the oldest and most
prominent families of Burke County, entered this School as supervisor of
girls in the fall of 1895. "Miss Kate", as she was affectionately called, had
charge of all the girls, little and big. For a number of years she had as
many as one hundred and fifty girls under her supervision at once, her
only assistance being some of the older girls who helped in the care of
the little ones. She was also nurse and took care of all boys and girls, who
were sick. Ker interest in her work was a source of inspiration for all.
.A great lover of nature she was learned in flower and bird and plant lore,
and did much to impart this knowledge to the children and to beautify
our campus.

!Miss \\'alton was, upon the failing health of the matron, IMrs. ^lalone,
in 1908, made assistant matron and later, 1918, she became the school's
matron, the position she held till her retirement in the fall of 1935. Her
devotion to duty and her loyalty to authority were beautiful character-

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]g94 —- North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

istics that endeared every one to her. Miss Walton, upon her retirement,
Hved with her brother in Morganton until the end, which came so peace-
fully, April 5, 1936. Today there are scattered all over the nation hun-
dreds of deaf women whd have grown up to call her blessed.

Capt. Geo. L. Phiefr

One of the most interesting personalities of those early years was the
School's Steward and Treasurer, Capt. George L. Phifer, who had the
tremendous task, when appropriations were limited and the School's needs
were pressing hard upon its income, of helping Dr. Goodwin make one
dollar do the work of two. That Capt. Phifer performed his task efficiently
is best indicated by the accomplishments during his years of service, 1894-
1906. "A gentleman of the old school," and one loved and respected by
all, he was courteous in his business dealings with young and old alike.
In his beautiful colonial homestead, "Magnolia," about one mile beyond
the school, overlooking the South Mountains, the doors were kept open,
graciously inviting to lonely "wayfarers" from the School who were often
the recipients of the beautiful hospitality of the Phifer family.

One of Capt. Phifer 's sons, the late Dr. E. W. Phifer, was the School
Physician from 1925 until his death in April 1939.

Walter J. Matthews
At the beck and call of Dr. Goodwin and Mrs. ^lalone, the matron,
from 1894 until his resignation in 1899, stood Mr. Walter J. jNIatthews,
performing under the title of "Engineer," which in those days of ' unfinish-
ed business," meant a multiplicity of crafts, from repairing sewing machines
to installing a new heating system, either of which he could skillfully
accomplish. Mr. ^Matthews was a member of the first class to graduate from
State (A. and ^I.) College. Upon his resignation in Morganton, 1899, he
went to the Eastern Hospital for the Colored in Goldsboro to become the
head of the Engineering Department, in which capacity he served until
1914, when he went into business for himself.

Mr. Matthews married Miss Irene Peterson, daughter of the late
mayor of Goldsboro, J. E. Peterson. Three sons and three daughters blessed
their home at 215 East Pine Street, Goldsboro, where happy grandchildren
now bring youthful joy to their grandparents.

Mrs. Laura A. W^inston
Among the teachers Dr. Goodwin brought with him to the new
school at Morganton, in October, 1894, was Mrs. Laura A. Winston, the
eldest daughter of Yancey Ballinger, a descendant from an old French
Huguenot family of South Carolina who settled in Guilford county, N. C,
prior to the Revolutionary War. Mrs. Winston's parents were Friends or
Quakers. \t the age of twelve she began her college training at the New

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184S ~ Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 194S

tlarden Boarding School (now (iuilford College), graduating therefrom
at nineteen. Here she excelled in brUcs letters. By birth and training she
naturally became keenly alive to spiritual intluences which were to bless
her future life's work.

"Not very long after graduation she accepted a postion as teacher
at the School for the Deaf and the Blind located at Raleigh. Here she
began that work which afterwards became her chosen vocation. It was while
I'dling this position she met Alonzo Hinton Winston whom she afterwards
married. In scarcely a year after their marriage the angel of death called
the young husband from the scenes of earth. The care of their little daugh-
ter whose birth occurred just live days before her father's death brought
some comfort in the hours of darkness.

"The life toward which Mrs. Winston had looked with such bright
hopes was changed by a higher decree, and in time, by patient courage, she
found strength to take her place in the World's great field of usefulness.
At one time she was actively engaged in the mission field in Mexico. Later
she went with her little daughter, Lonnie, to Matamoras, Mexico, where
her sister was for many years Principal of Hussey Institute, a missionary
school for Mexican girls. Here she rendered very valuable aid in carrying
on the work of the school.

"A short time after their return to North Carolina, the beloved
daughter, then in the bright promise of young girlhood, was called from
the earthly life to the realms of paradise. This almost crushed the mother.
The previous winter she had taught in the School for the Deaf and the
Blind in Raleigh, and after this great sorrow came, she was induced to
continue her work there.

"From Raleigh she came to Morganton as a member of Dr. Good-
win's first staff of teachers. Faithful and successful as a teacher she was
promoted to the office of Supervising Teacher of the Manual department,
which position she tilled for several years. Afterward she was elected to
the office of Lady Principal, a very important postion, the responsibilities
of which she fully appreciated and faithfully discharged, having the best
interests and welfare of the School always at heart.

"In addition to her duties as Lady Principal, she edited The Deaf
Carolinian, and under her charge, it became one of the best school paper,-;
in America. She contributed many interesting and instructive articles on
various subjects — religion, temperance, travel, etc.

"No one ever connected with the School was more respected and
loved than Mrs. Winston. She was an inspiration to the younger teachers
and her work with the deaf girls will long be remembered, and her name
will be revered by many in years to come. It was a benediction to have
her in any community. Mrs. Winsti.n died in Greensboro, June 9th, 1922.
after a brief illness"

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FOOTBABLL TeAM, 1900

I'OCITBALL li'AM, l''4U

1845 ~ Education oi- the Deaf in North Carolina — 194S

A l)niiize tablet (iii llu' \v:ill cif the lnhhy "I the M:iin luiildiii;; of the
School bears the following inscription:

"In Loviiii^ Rlniiory oi Mrs. Ijiiira A. Wins/ on i^'lio jor seventeen
years adorned the Christian ealling as teaeher in this Sehool. 1S50-1922."

(Extracts jroni a -biographical sitelch of Mrs. Winston by Miss Olivia B. Grimes,
Vol. 16, No. 8, The Deaf Carolinian.)

Miss Olivia Blount Grimes

Probably no one was better acquainted with the objective of the
Kelly Library Fund than JNIiss Olivia B. Grimes, who was librarian, from
1884 to 1895, of The Kelly Library, established as a department of the
School for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind at Raleigh.

Daughter of Capt. John Gray Blount Grimes, who was steward of
the school for a number of years, Miss Grimes was a resident of the Schooi
and was acquainted with the needs and capabilities of both the deaf and the
blind children, which knowledge served her well in directing the selection
of books.

On her maternal side Miss Grimes was the grand-daughter of the
late Governor Charles Manly of North Carolina.

In 1895, Miss Grimes was appointed a teacher in the Manual De-
partment of the Morganton School which position she held until her
retirement in 1928.

When the portion of the books allotted to the ^Morganton School
from The Kelly Library arrived, Miss Grimes, ^liss Flora Dula and Mr.
John ;\liller were assigned the task of arranging books in the room selected
for the library on the first floor of the Main Building. Later, after many
new books had been added to the Library, ^Miss Grimes, assisted by Mr.
Archer and !Miss Annie Ervin, catalogued all books and rearranged them
in the cases, listing them by means of the card index system. Later a
catalog of all books was printed by the school press.

As editor of the The Deaf Carolinian for the ten years she served
the school in this extra-curricular duty. Miss Grimes carried on her part of
the task most efficiently, with that calm dignity of manner and speech
which made her presence a valuable asset to the school.

David Ray Tillinghast

David Ray Tillinghast was born in Fayetteville, N. C, in 1842, the
sixth descendant of Pardon Tillinghast who was closely associated with
Roger Williams in the earliest settlement of Rhode Island. Young David
Tillinghast was a bright and apparently a sound child. He lost his hearing

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1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

between five and six years of age, owing to the effects of whooping cough.
His misfortune was greatly alleviated by the companionship of a deaf,
elder brother from whom he was inseparable. This brother was Thomas
H. Tillinghast, a teacher of the deaf in the Raleigh School for a number
of years. In fact his education began in the office of his brother a book-
binder, where he would pore over the pictures of Harper's Magazine and
get many ideas in explanation of what he saw from his brother.

He was sent, at the age of twelve, to the Institution for the Ueaf in
New York. Here he won the highest encomiums of the late Dr. H. P. Peet,
and other teachers. He received the gold medal offered by the School for
Scholarship.

He was the first President of the Fanwood Literary Society, which
was a formal recognition by his fellow students of his scholarship and his
desire to aid others in the pursuit of an education.

In the spring of 1862, a few months before he had finished his course
in the High Class, he was elected teacher in his .'Mma Mater. Here he con-
tinued six years. In 1868, he was called to the same work in his native state
and became a member of the teaching staff of the North Carolina School
for the Deaf and the Blind, at Raleigh, in which he continued until he was
called to the new School at Morganton, October 1894. He remained the sen-
ior teacher in the advanced department of the Morganton School until 1906,
when he was relieved of class work and was elected Chaplain of the School,
in which capacity he served for two years, until his final retirement in 1907.

In 1868 IXIr. Tillinghast married Miss Catherine Kirkland Stansbury,
daughter of Judge Stansbury, Baldwinsville, N. Y. Five children blessed
this happy union. The two sons, well equipped for the work, labored ac-
ceptably in the same field as their father. The older son, J. .\lex Tillinghast,
became Superintendent of the State School for the Deaf of Montana, later
Superintendent of the School in Belfast, Ireland. The other son, Edward
S., after several years experience as teacher, succeeded his brother as Super-
intendent of the Montana School, later Superintendent of the School at
Salem, Oregon, after which he became Superintendent of the School at
Fulton, Missouri, and later head of the South Dakota School. The three
daughters, Mary, Robina and Linda, were also teachers of the deaf in some
of the leading schools in the LTnited States.

The elder Tillinghast lived with his daughter in St. Petersburg, Fla.,
until his death, on September 5, 1942, as he was approaching his 101st
anniversary. Thus ended a life representing the highest qualities of a deaf
man — a life of devoted service to the deaf and his family and one conse-
crated to the Christian faith. Those students, who were in this school during
his teaching years, recall the soul-stirring chapel sermons he delivered,
particularly his reading of Bible stories in superb sign language.

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1845 — P^DUCATION OF THK l)f;AF IN XoRTH CAROLINA — 1945

Zacharias W. Haynes

Zacharias W. Haynes was born near the little village of Hampton-
ville, Yadkin County, X. C., April 5, 1848. He spent his boyhood days upon
a farm amidst a happy family circle of father, mother, three brothers and
three sisters. At the age of eleven he lost his hearing by typhoid fever.
He attended the public schools before losing his hearing, and for a while
after becoming deaf, but being totally deaf he did not receive any apparent
benefit. In the autumn of 1861 he entered the North Carolina School for
the Deaf and the Blind, at Raleigh. He was a pupil there during those try-
ing days of the Civil War, when the work of carrying on the school was
beset on every hand with extraordinary difficulties and disadvantages. This
was the only school for the Deaf kept open in the South during the war.

In 1865 Mr. Haynes became a teacher in the Institution. In 1869 he
was elected one of the principal teachers of the colored deaf, the school
having been established by an act of the Legislature of 1868. He remained
a teacher in this school for twenty-one years. In 1890 he was transferred
to the white department again where he taught until the new School for
the Deaf was opened at Morganton, X. C, in October 1894, where he
taught until his death in 1900.

In 1873 he was married to Miss Louisa E. Bunker, also of Yadkin
County. This union was blest with seven children, four daughters and three
sons. All the daughters became teachers of the deaf, three of whom. Misses
Mabel, Carrie and Effie Haynes. taught in the ^Nlorganton School, while
Miss Alice (Mrs. Harvey P. Grow) taught in the Kentucky School. The
older son, Chris, for a couple of years was head supervisor of boys and
stenographer to Dr. Goodwin.

John C. ]Miller

Out on the front porch of his home on West Union street, Morganton,
may be seen seated in his rocker, basking in the warm sunshine, an aging
educator of the deaf. He is enjoying a Havana; he is enjoying the super-
beauty of the mountain scenery around: he is enjoying the richness of a
life — a half century of devoted service to his fellow deaf; the comfort and
happiness of a charming home and helpmate and a devoted family of
children. Xo doubt his thoughts go back to the good old days when he
imparted knowledge to his pupils, to the good old days when the football
and baseball teams he helped organize won fame in games with David-
son, Wake Forest, Oak Ridge. Bingham and .\sheville colleges in the
1900s, to the good old days when he took part in organizing the Kelly (now
Goodwin) Literary Society that has been serving its purpose so well to
this day. This aging educator-friend is John Craton Miller, now in re-
tirement.

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The Queen of May and Her Court, 1942

The Festive May Pole

1,S94 ~ XoRTii Carolina Schooi, for the Deaf — 1944

Born in Goldsboro, N. C, on Sept. 10. 1S()5, son of the late Dr.
J. F. Miller and Sarah Borden Miller, Mr. Miller spent his boyhood in
and around the great State Hospital of which his father was superintend-
ent. Deprived of the sense of hearing in infancy he entered the School for
the Deaf and the Blind at Raleigh in 1873.. After spending seven years there
he attended the New York (Fanwood) School where he graduated with
honor in 1884. Among his schoolmates were a number who later became out-
standing teachers of the deaf, among them being the late Dr. Thomas
Francis Fox. the late W. W. Beadell, and the late IMrs. Grace D. Coleman,
wife of Thomas H. Coleman who founded the Florida School and others.

Due to the condition of his health soon after graduation, he went
to Florida where he ran a small orange grove for his father. His health
restored, he returned to North Carolina and accepted a position in the
colored department of the old Raleigh school. In 1894 ]Mr. Goodwin took
him along with him to his new school plant at Morganton and put him
on his teaching staff. In this capacity Mr. ^liller served continuously until
his retirement at the end of the 1939-40 session — just fifty years since
he first entered the profession. In addition to his teaching duties he took
a leading part in the extra curricular activities of the school, and was the
"Father" of the Kelly Literary Society.

In June 1899 he was happily married to ^Nliss Mabel Fisher of
Athens. Ohio, who died in 1905. They made their home in a beautiful
location at the intersection of West Union and Burkemont Avenue. For
the next forty years he walked to and back from his class room, a distance
of two miles, every day during each school year except Saturdays. Taking
236 school days including Sundays each year, multiply this by 2 and
again by 40 we find that the total distance Mr. Miller covered in walking
to and from his class room to be in excess of 18,800 miles — almost the
distance around the earth at our latitude.

By the first marriage one daughter, ]\Iabel Fisher, and one son, Hugh
Lee, were born. Several years after the death of his first wife, Mr. ]\Iiller
married Miss Edna Bryan, then a teacher in the North Carolina School.
Two daughters, Marjorie Bryan and Edna Holliday, were born to this
union. All the daughters are following in the steps of their father and
mother in the work of teaching the deaf.

IMrs. Nannie Fleming Jeter

On the enrollment of the offical staft" of the School when the doors
were opened for the first session in October 1894, was the name of ]Miss
Nannie McKay Fleming, daughter of Capt, John Martin Fleming of
Raleigh, who was listed as a member of the first Normal Class in Training.
However, Miss Fleming's first e.xperience with deaf children actually

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1894 ~ XoRTH Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

began at the School for the Deaf and the Blind at Raleif;h in 1893, soon
after her graduation from Peace, where she observed the work of the
classes under the late Anna C. Allen, who afterward became the first
Supervising Teacher of the Oral Department of the Morganton School.

"Some are born teachers", is a time-worn phrase, yet a most ap-
propriate description of Miss Fleming's work with deaf children, especially
with the "mis-fit" member of her class who may have entered school late in
life, or the one who was ill-prepared both in speech and English. With
these she could, in a most natural way, accomplish marvelous results. For
the nine years she taught in the Morganton School, the results of her efforts
were outstanding, both in speech development and in English, the real test
of an efficient teacher, especially when the respect and cooperation of her
pupils was so nearly ideal as Miss Fleming's former pupils will bear
witness. In addition to her regular work as teacher, she was a willing assist-
ant in extra, curricular duties which were numerous in those early years.

On January 28, 1904, ]Miss Fleming was married to Dr. I. P. Jeter,
one of Morganton 's leading dentists and an outstanding citizen of the com-
munity. To this happy marriage were born two lovely daughters, Tucker,
(Mrs. Robert Walker), and Nan, both of whom followed in the foot-
steps of their mother by taking the Normal Course for teachers at the
Morganton School and becoming regular grade teachers, both possessing
the inherent ability and enthusiasm of their mother.

In 1905, Dr. Jeter was appointed a member of the Board of Directors
of the Morganton School by Governor Glenn, in which position he served
faithfully until 1917, when Governor Bickett appointed Mrs. Jeter a
member of the Board, in which capacity she served with distinction until
1929. In 1917, Mrs. Jeter was persuaded to join the staff of the Public
School System of Morganton where she has won the highest approbation
of her associates as well as the student body and parents.

Miss Eugenia T. Welsh
Miss Eugenia T. Welsh, of Raleigh, the first normal student trained
in North Carolina for teaching of the deaf (1893) holds a cherished place
in the heart of the North Carolina School, and a distinguished place in
the profession. After eleven years' teaching in this School and four in the
Rhode Island School, she "came back" to the North Carolina School in
1911 to take charge of the long dreamed of Primary School, as a depart-
ment separate and distinct from the Main School. With the opening of
the newly erected Goodwin Hall, she became its first resident supervising
teacher, with a completely organized unit in her hands — six teachers, a
housekeeper, two superivsors and fifty-one pupils — and for ten years direct-
ed that unit notably. The Rhode Island School called her back as Princi-
pal, where she has remained since leaving Morganton in 1920. .Mmost

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1845 — Education of the Ueaf in North Carolina — 1945

Ihe last of his original staff to visit Dr. Goodwin, Miss Welsh came with
ISIrs. Hurd back to Morganton in 1936; and again in 1940, still devoted
"lirst family." to visit the School again, and her warm circle of friends
both here and in Morganton.

Mrs. Fayetta Peck Fox

Another rare personality of the early years of the school, who
li-ft an enduring mark upon us, was Miss Fayetta Peck, our Educational
I'rincipal from 1912 to 1917.

Trained in Kindergarten work at Hunter School in New York, and
in Oral work at the Scranton School, she taught one year in the Primary
Department at Fanwood and twelve years in the grades at the Scranton
School before coming to North Carolina in 1912. Five years later she
was married to Dr. Francis F. Fox, one of the distinguished deaf teachers
at the New York School (Fanwood) and moved to New York. From 1922
to 1933 she was Supervising Teacher in the Primary Department at Fan-
wood, retiring in 1933 when her husband retired.

Under her administration as Educational Principal here, the Normal
Training program was brought into sharper focus — with group classes of
normal students and a closely organized course of study in normal training.

.A gracious and enthusiastic personality, she drew the social life of
the household into a memorably warm and friendly circle.

But our daily tangible reminder of "IMiss Peck" and one of the
most valuable factors in our school life is the honor societies — the girls'
Fepha Club and the boys' Sterling Society, which she started. To many
of our students of the past thirty-odd years, these societies mean both
goal and reward, a fellow-ship of "good citizens" throughout both school
and later years, which may not be taken lightly.

(97)

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Folk Dancers

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A ll.Al'I'N .\1a\ I ) \\ C.kilL P

School Staff Year 1944 - 1945

ADMINISTRATUK DEPARTMENT

Carl E. Rankin, M.A.. Ph.D Supcrinletident

Mrs. Azile S, Barron (1943-1944) _ _ _. Budget Officer

W. K. Kceter Business Mamiger

Mrs. Marparet C. Simmons - - Seeretarv

ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT

Mrs. Pattie T. Tate. M.A. ..._

Mrs. Frances E. Davis

Mrs. Katherine W. Thomason

Teachers:

Mrs. Iva .\lexandcr

Miss Elizabeth Avery

Mrs. Harriett Banta, B. A.

Mrs. Susan Boger

Miss Joy Bovvers

Mrs. Dorothy Bowman. B. .■\.

Mrs. Beatrice Chapman, A.B.

Mrs. Charlotte Ccnley

Mrs. Bashie Crutchfield

Miss Marie Davis

Mrs. Cordelia Giles, B.A.

Miss Lillian Glover

Miss Marjorie Gordon

Miss Ethel Hampton

C. Jackson Holt, B.A.

Mrs. Mozelle Horton

Miss Mary Hudson. B. .A.

Miss Charlinc Rotha, A. B. .

- -- Principal

.... Assistant Principal, Upper School
Assistant Principal, Primary School

Miss Nan Jeter. B. .\.
Mrs. Addie Kno.x
Mrs. Betty Long, B. A.
Miss Mary Mauzy
Miss Lucile Pearson
Miss Marie Pearson
E. O. Randolph, Ph.D.
Miss Linnie Rankin
Mrs. Irene Ross
Mrs. Annie Starrett
Mrs. Marjorie Triebert, B. .'\.
Mrs. Mary Tuttle
Mrs. Elizabeth Walker
Mrs. Jessie Warber
Miss Elizabeth Watrous
Mrs. Helen Watkins
Mrs. Rose Underbill
Physical Education

VOCATIONAL INSTRUCTION

O. W. Underbill, M. .\. Director

George K. Brown, B. A . Printing and Allied Trades

J. Horace Duke (1943-1944) Printing and Mechanics

G. R. Hawkins Mech. Drawing & I'oc. Agriculture

Harold \V. Davis Advanced Wood Work & Mech. Drawing

John Oxford ... .... Machine and Metal Work

Paul B. Crutchfield — Primary Wood Work

Miss Cera Byrd _ Sewing and Dress-making

Miss .Adelaide Webster (1943-1944) Home Economics

Miss Harleson Mcintosh, .A. B. Home Economics

Mrs. Edythc Hawkins Domestic Arts and Elementary Crafts

Miss Kathleen Parker (1943-1944) _.. Girls' Handicrafts

Mrs. Sarah Sheppard ... .. . ... . .. Typing

Miss Ethel Hampton Primary Sewing and Mending

.Arthur Merrilla Dry Cleaning, Pressing, and Cloth Repairing

Mrs. Ruth Orders _ Laundering

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1894 — ■ North Carolina School for the Deaf ~— ^ 1944

HOUSEHOLD STAFF

Mrs. Nina Wood ..._ __ _ House Director, Main Building

Mrs. Blanche Downes Home Director, Good',vin Hail
Supervisors:

Dan .Autrey J. C. Holt

Mrs. Lula Carsuell Mrs. Beulah Lingafelt

Miss Marie Diuckworth Miss Emma Lou Mace

Miss Phyllis Duckworth Miss Golda D. Mastiller

Miss Ruth Estcs Miss Edna McHan

Mrs. Willa Freeman Mrs. Epsy Rusmiselle

Miss Mary Kirksey Miss Inez Willil'nrd

Mrs. Kate Wesson Miss Mary Sue Wilson

Ralph Crutchfield Henry Freeman

MEDIC.XL .WD SURGICAL

John W. Ervin, M. D. _... .„. .„._ Physician

Ralph Coffey, D. D. S Dentist

Miss Gladys Ouinn> K- N Nurse

Miss Hazel Glenn . 1 ... ... Assistant Nurse

CUSTODIAL CARE

Mrs. Rolen Welch Dietitian

Mrs. Ida Rhyne .. Assistant Dietitian

Gertrude Dale Pitting Room Assistant, Main Building

Annie Holder . . Dining Room Assistant, Goodwin Hall

FARM - GARDEN - DAIRY

G. L. Blanton . Farm Manager

C. E. Webb _ Dairyman

Oscar Hoylc . . . . Poultryman

OPERATION OF PLANT

Newton Rusmiselle .... _ Plant Engineer

Ted Dale .„ _.. Fireman

L. R. Davis - _ ..- Fireman

R. A. Pearson Night-Walch

Mrs. Mary Pearson _ Night-Watch

(100)

1845 — Education of tiik I)i;af i\ Xorth Carolina - 1945

Mrs. Pattik Tiiomason Tatk

Mrs. I'attie '{'hoinason Tate conie.s fnim a (lisliiinui.slied South Caro-
lina Family of educators of the deaf, "the W'aii^ers, " affectionately known
throuf^hout the country for four generations. By heritage, luie training and
e.xperience, she "belongs" in this profession. .After graduating from Con-
verse College with a major in music she went immediately into training
at the South Carolina School.

As a young teacher, she had a notable career of teaching in the Florida
School, the Pennsylvania School at Philadelphia, and the New York School
(Fanwood). In 1912 she was called to the Rhode Island School to under-
take special work in speech and rhythm and remained there until 1915.
During that time she studied voice under Professor White of Boston, took
an advanced normal training course under Miss Martha E. Bruhn, and
received a certificate in Speech Correction from New York University. In
1917 she went to the Newark Day School for a year, again to do special
work in speech and rhythm. In 1918 she came to the North Carolina School
as Principal. Four years later her marriage to one of the distinguished citi-
zens of Morganton, Mr. Frank P. Tate, took her out of the profession.
.After some years absence, Mrs. Tate returned to the North Carolina School
in 1938 and has since served as Principal.

Under Mrs. Tates leadership the School has made distinct progress
in both .Academic and Yocational work. In the area of .Academic work
the School has moved toward the raising of standards of work throughout
the grades and toward a closer aligning of its programs with that of the
public hearing schools. During her regime the standard of teaching has
keen raised, certification of teachers through the State Department of
Education has been carried through, and several courses especially designed
to raise the professional standing of the slaft" have been conducted.

Two changes in the instructional progam should be noted. First,
there has been a trend toward greater emphasis on language development
throughout the grades in contiast to an earlier major emphasis on speech
development — an emphasis in line with the best thought throughout the
profession. In the upper grades, increasing emphasis has been placed upon
an aud!o-visual program, making the use of electrical sound amplification
and of motion pictures for instructional work.

It can be well said that under Mrs. Tate's leadership the School has
gone forward, maintaining during the years of her administration, its repu-
tation for progressive education.

(101)

Mrs. Pattie T. Tate
Principal

1845 ~ Education of the Dkaf in Xdrth Carolina — 1945

Prominent Citizens of Morganton Who Contributed
TO THE Establishment of the School

Those of us who were close enough to the firing line in 1891, when
Dr. Goodwin was mustering forces to persuade State officials, Legislators,
educators and all others interested in promoting the humanitarian cause
of improving the status of the deaf in North rarolina. recall the splendid
support given him by the influential citizens of Morganton, regardless of
party affiliation or personal consideration. In fact, a concerted action for
any worthy cause by the citizenry of JMorganton and Burke County in
those days of fifty years ago, as now, is a factor to be reckoned with and
one which commands a respectful hearing from the State.

Space and time will not permit me to relate in detail the personal
efforts of individuals. However, there come to mind several who gave
generously from time to time until the objective sought — A New School
FOR THE Deaf — was accomplished.

We begin with Col. Samuel 'SlcD. Tate, State Treasurer, 1892-1896,
who was appointed a member of the Board of the School by Governor
Thomas M. Holt, in 1891 and rendered valuable service in the selection
of the site for the School. Others who lent their influence in various capaci-
ties during the period of initial legislation in 1891, and through the years
of building and beyond, were: Hon. Isaac T .Avery, Legislator in 1891;
Judge A. C. Avery, former member of the State Supreme Court; Hon.
Samuel M. Huffman, former Legislator and member of the Board of Di-
rectors of the School, 1894-1900; Hon. John H. Pearson, former Legislator;
Mr. William E. Walton, banker; Mr. C. ^Nlanly ^IcDowell, former sheriff;
Hon. L. A. Bristol, former Legislator; Mr. T. G. Cobb, editor and publish-
er; Mr. I. I. Davis, former member of the Board of Directors of the
Western Hospital; Hon. B. F. Davis, former Legislator; Dr. Patrick L.
Murphy, Superintendent of the Western Hospital, and ^Member of the
School Board, 1891-1893; Maj. James W. Wilson, former State Commis-
sioner of Railroads: ^Nlr. W. C. Ervin, Attorney; Capt. George Phifer
Erwin, banker: Dr. Isaac M. Taylor of the medical staff of the Western
Hospital; Mr. Samuel J. Ervin, attorney; J. A. Dickson, secretary, Mor-
ganton Manufacturing Co.; Mr. C. H. McKesson, attorney; ^lessrs. S. R.
Collett, R. B. Claywell, all prominent merchants; Mr. R. K. Presnell; Mr.
Frank P. Tate, civil engineer who rendered valuable service in surveying
for the School; Hon. H. L. Millner, former Legislator, instrumental in
securing appropriation for erection of the Primary School: Dr. I. P. Jeter,
dentist, and a member of the Board of Directors of the School, 1905-1916;
Mrs. Ernestine Kistler (INIrs. A. M.) wh(i was untiring in helping both
pupils and staff members in a social way.

There were others in the county of Burke, who, with those mention
ed "threw their weight" in promoting this worthy cause. — T/ie Editor

(103)

Institutions Exerting Great Influence in the
Hducation of the Deaf

I. The Volta Bureau and the American Association
To Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf

Two important factors in the education of the deaf in the United
States are the X'olta Bureau and the American Association to promote the
Teaching of Speech to the Deaf, both founded and endowed Ijy Alexander
Graham Bell. The combined story of these two important organizations
is told herein by Harriet Montague, .Associate Editor of the Volta Review:

Bell's interest in the deaf was aroused v.-hen he went to Boston in
1871, to lecture to the teachers of the Horace Mann School on Visible
Speech, a system of phonetic writing invented by his father, Ale.xander
Melville Bell. Msible Speech was not orginally intended to be used with
deaf children, but it had proved helpful in showing teachers of the deaf
what a child was expected to do with his speech organs and his voice in
forming the sound of speech. Bell, whose primary interest was speech, was
immediately attracted by the possibilities of speech of the deaf, and before
he had been in Boston very long, he was devoting much of his knowledge
and enthusiasm to teaching deaf children to talk. .\t the same time, he was
carrying on the experiments that led to the invention of the telephone,
and his first thought, when he learned that the telephone would bring
him wealth was, "Now we shall have money to teach speech to little deaf
children."

He had long had in mind a national organization to further this end,
and when, in 1873, a little group of teachers he had instructed, met in
Worcester, Massachusetts, there was some talk of forming an association.
But Mr. Bell felt that the time for this was not yet ripe. He believed
that such an association should have a widely representative membership;
and that parents of deaf children, public school officials, otologists and
social workers should know something about the deaf child's educational
needs.

His ideas bore fruit, and when the Convention of .\rticulation
Teachers of the Deaf met in New York in 1884, there were two hundred
present. The proceedings of their meeting is one of the most interesting and
arresting documents related to the education of the deaf, for it offers in
concise form almost all the ideas now being publicized as highly advanced
and modern: the development of residual hearing in deaf children: the
the use of artificial aids to hearing; the possibilities of special instruction
in lip reading; the importance of speech and of speech teaching; the
need of better training for teaching.

In 1890, this group incorporated under the law of the State of New
York, as the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech

(105)

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf "— 1944

to the Deaf. Membership was open to anybody interested in speech and
lip reading for the deaf. Mr. Bell presented the Association with an en-
dowment fund, which he augmented from time to time, and in 1908
the Volta Fund, which had been created some years previously, was placed
in charge of the Association.

The name, V'olta, we owe to Alesandro Volta, the Italian scientist
who invented the first chemical generator of electricity. \'olta demonstrated
his battery at a meeting of the French Institute in Paris in 1800. Napoleon
proposed that France should award Volta a good medal and a gift of
6,000 francs. He also established a fund from which a sum of money,
known as the "V'olta Prize," should be conferred upon those who made
important contributions to the "new science of electricity." In 1880, this
prize, which now amounted to 50,000 francs, was bestowed upon Alexan-
der Graham Bell for the invention of the electric speaking telephone.

Bell determined to invest this money in such a way that it would
promote scientific research and at the same time would remain a permanent
fund. This, he accomplished in a characteristic fashion by using part of
the Volta Fund to further the improvement of phonograph records, the
patent of which, when sold, brought a considerable sum for himself and
his co-worker. Some of these experiments had been carried on in a small
brick building in Georgetown, Washington, D. C, which he had named
the Volta Laboratory. It was located behind the house he had bought
for his father several years previously, and it was here that a great
bulk of mail began coming, filled with inquiries concerninig deafness and
the education of deaf children.

In 1887, Bell turned over to his father $100,000 to be held in trust
and used "for the purpose of founding and maintaining a Bureau for
the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the Deaf." John Hitz,
formerly Consul General to the United States from Switzerland, who had
been assisting Dr. Bell in his research was named superintendent of the
Volta Bureau, and May 8, 1893, Helen Keller turned the first sod to break
the ground for the construction of the fireproof building across the street
from the Volta Laboratory, which has been the home of the Volta Bureau
since 1894. It may be of interest to know that the original laboratory
is now used by \V'alter Lippmann, the newspaper columnist, as a study;
and that Mr. Lippmann lives in the house formerly occupied by Mel-
ville Bell.

The Volta Bureau has been for almost sixty years a disseminating
center for information relating to all classes and ages of deaf and hard
of hearing persons. Thanks to the broad policy adopted by Dr. Bell and
maintained by Mr. Hitz and his successors, nothing that would aid the
welfare of progress handicapped by any degree of deafness has been ex-
cluded. The library contains the largest collection of books on deafness
in America, perhaps in the world. The Bureau publishes and distributes

(106)

1,S45 — EnrrATiox of the Dkaf in N'orth Carolina — 1945

(|Li;iiititifs of printed matter on all the problems of deafness except medical
prolileiiis; and answers with personal letters inquiries from all parts of
the world.

The Volta Review, published by the X'olta Bureau since 1910,
succeeded the Association Review, which had been issued for ten years as
a bi-monthly. The Volta Review is a 64-page illustrated monthly for
parents and teachers of deaf children and for the adult hard of hearing.
It is the only magazine of its type published in the United States; and
is widely read in this as well as in many foreign countries.

The \'olta Bureau is in regular contact with schools for the deaf and
organizations of the deaf and the hard of hearing throughout the world,
and is frequently called upon to make suggestions in regard to furthering
the welfare of deaf persons. The staff supply research workers with biblio-
graphers and other materials: and the facilities of the Volta library are
alw'ays at the service of many interested persons. The United States
Office of Education, the Library of Congress, the National Education As-
sociation, and other national organizations refer to the Volta Bureau
inquiries concerning the education of the deaf. Although its duties have
grown faster than its income, the \'olta Bureau has remained an important
source of educational knowledge.

The \'olta Bureau is located at 1537 35th Street, X. \V., Washington
7, D. C, and is the publisher of The Volta Review; Editor, Josephine B.
Timberlake: -Associate Editor, Harriet ^Montague. The Bureau is also
headquarters of the .\merican .Association to Promote the Teaching of
Speech to the Deaf.

Officers of the \'olta Bureau 1945 are as follows: Honorary President,
!Mrs. Calvin Coolidge: Honorary Vice-President, Gilbert Grosvenor: Hon-
orary Director, David Fairchild: President. Elbert .A. Gruver: First \'ice-
President, Clarence D. O'Connor; Second Vice-President, Clara E. Xewlee;
Secretary, A. C. Manning; Treasurer, Herbert Poole; Auditor, Oliver
Whildin: Executive Secretary. Josephine B, Timberlake.

II. Gallaudet College, W.ashington, D. C.

In the year 1S62, years after the establishment of the Columbia
Institution for the Deaf of the District of Columbia, at Kendall Green, Dr.
Edward M. Gallaudet, its superintendent, in his annual report of that
year, called the attention of Congress to the importance of providing higher
education for the deaf, and to the fact that the peculiar organization of
that Institution afforded an opportunity for the foundation within it of a
college for the deaf of the United States.

(107)

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1845 — Education of the Deaf in North Carolina ~ 1945

Congress responded favorably to Dr. Gallaudet's suggestion. In
April, 18o4, an act authorizing the Board of Directors of the Institution,
"to grant and confer such degrees in the liberal arts and sciences as are
usually granted and conferred in colleges" was, after considerable discus-
sion, passed without a dissenting voice in either branch of Congress. Con-
gress showed its further approval of the new departure within the next
few years by making a considerable increase in its annual grants for sup-
port, by appropriating large sums for the purchase of additional grounds
and the erection of new buildings, and by providing that a limited number
of students might be admitted to the collegiate department from the sev-
eral States and Territories free of charge. The number of students thus
admitted free was at first ten: the number has been increased by acts of
Congress from time to time until now it is one hundred and forty-five.

The College was publicly inaugurated June 28, 1864, under the
name of the National Deaf-Mute College, and Dr. Gallaudet at the same
time was inaugurated as its president. He continued to hold the office
until September, 1910. The College began its teaching work in September,
1864, with seven students and one professor besides Dr. Gallaudet.

In 1887, in response to an earnest appeal from women for an equal
share with men in the advantages of higher education, the doors of the
College were opened to young women.

In 1891, a Normal Department for the training of hearing teachers
of the Deaf was established with the double purpose of raising the stand-
ard of teachers in American schools for the Deaf and of affording the deaf
students of the College increased opportunities for practice in speech-
reading. Out of the one hundred eighty-one graduates of the Normal
Department, 87 later became executives of American schools for the Deaf.
32 of whom are still in office today.

In 1894. in accordance with a petition from the graduates of the Col-
lege, its name was changed to Gallaudet College in honor of Thomas Hop-
kins Gallaudet, the founder of the instruction of the deaf in America, a
beautiful bronze statue of whom had been placed in the College grounds
by the deaf people of .America in 1889.

The Courses of instruction and study are given in the arts and
sciences. The system of instruction includes the recitation of assigned sub-
jects: discussions and lectures: work in laboratories and with instruments:
courses of reading directed by members of the Faculty, and practice in
English composition.

The entire curriculum, including a Preparatory year, embraces a
period of five years, each of which is di\ided into three terms.

Special pains are taken to preserve and improve, by suitable and
frequent oral exercises, whatever powers of speech and ablitity to read
the lips are possessed by students on entering College.

(109)

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

The Library of Congress and the collections of the Smithsonian
Institution, the National Museum, the Corcoran Art Gallery, and col-
lections of the National Capitol, open to the public, are of inestimable
value to the students of the College.

Religious services of an undenominational character, in which the
Faculty and the students participate, are held daily except Saturday.

Students whose parents desire that they attend a church of a special
denomination, may communicate this wish to the President.

Students From North Carolina Attending
Gallaudet College 1864-1944

Linwood W. Alderman

Mary Allison
♦Albert J. Andrews

George H. Bailey
*Ernest Bingham
•'Edith S. Boggs

Emma C. Bradley
*Robcrt W. Brouch

Max Brown

Ward B. Butler

James Calhoun

W. H. Chambers

Pearl Coltrane

Pauline Conklin

Alberta DeLozier

John Dermott

Lyon Dickson

Edward Farnell

Irene L. Hamilton
\'irginia A. Haywood

*Sarah K. Herring
Leslie Hinnant

♦William A. Hunter
Charles E. Jones
Calton James

♦Jasper A. Jamison

♦Jennie Jones

♦Wallace Kinlaw
Ruth Kirby
Lillian G. McFarland

♦Joseph M. Mallet
William S. McCord
Robert C. Miller
David Morrill
Laverne Palmer
Malina C. Parker

M. Kathleen Parker
Mittie H. Parker

♦Emma L. Pike
Hazel Pike
Orpah J. Prevatt

♦Peter L. Ray
Rosalind Redfearn
James M. Robertson
Marion Sessoms
Ray Sherrill

♦Hazel Taylor

♦Robert S. Taylor
Carrie Thomas
Odie W. Underbill
Nonie Watson
Julian West
Edith Williamson

Ophelia Zachary

Degrees Conferred (In Course)

Bachelor of Arts

♦Ernest Bingham _ _ ., 1S95

Robert S. Taylor _ 1901

Odie W. Underbill _ _ __ IPOS

George H. Bailey _ _ 1911

♦Emma L. Pike _ _ 1911

Virginia H. Haywood 1912

♦William O. Hunter .._ _ 1914

David Morrill 1933

Normal Fellows
Master of Arts

♦Joseph A, Tillinghast 1892

B. S., Davidson College

Edwin F. Mumford 1901

M. A., Wake Forest College

♦Frank O. Huffman ___ ..___ 1903

B. A., Wake Forest College

Claude R. Mclver 1902

B. Ph., University of North Carolina

Bachelor of Science

Leslie Hinnant ._ 1935

Lyon Dickson 1940

Edith Williamson 1943

Bachelor of Letters

Robert C. Miller 1903

Honorary Degrees Conferred:

E. McKee Goodwin Doctor of Letters 1037

Odie W. Underbill, Masters of Arts 1935

Musa Marbut ..--

B. A., Converse College
Graduated 'ivith a Diploma
Helen Bailey, Mitchell College _ __
Rose Woodard, Morganton H.S.
Jerome Hicks, Rundolph-Macon

1904

1018

1010

1020

♦Deceased

(110)

Part III

In Memory of

Edward McKee Goodwin

1859 - 1937

Edward McKee Goodwin

A Tribute

(From a Member of the Board)
The statement which in my loving appreciation
of Dr. E. McKee Goodwin most fully covers his total
life is none other than these words: "And I heard a
voice from heaven saying unto me. Write, Blessed are
the dead which die in the Lord from henceforth: Yea,
saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labours;
and their works do follow them." — Rev. 14:13.
Affectionately,

Ho\V.\RD E. RONDTH.\LER'

Salem College
Winston-Salem, N. C.

(113)

Dr. Goodwin in His Office

In Memory of the Founder

Edward jNIcKee Goodwin
1859-1937

No more appropriate introduction could be made for the pages which
are here devoted to the Hfe and works of Dr. E. McKee Goodwin than the
one written for a special memorial edition of The Deaf Carolinian in
1937, by Odie W. Underbill, a member of the first class of beginners to be
admitted when the school opened its doors for the first time in 1894, later
to graduate with honor in the Class of 1903. He completed the full course
leading to the Bachelor's degree at Gallaudet College in 1907. Then, after
years of experience in the class room in both the academic and vocational
departments of other schools, he returned to his Alma IMater, in 1926, to be
the "right arm" of both Dr. Goodwin and his successor:

"The more we attempt to get out a special edition to the memory of
our lamented superintendent and friend, the more we feel our inadequacy
to the task of doing honor to the man who dedicated his life to the educa-
tion of the deaf in his native state. Only those who have had the good
fortune of associating with Edward McKee Goodwin can appreciate the
spirit in which we endeavor to undertake this task.

"On these pages of the memorial number are printed tributes to his
great soul and to his life work. There is no greater tribute to pay "Supt.
Goodwin," as we were wont to call him, than that he exemplified the
truest Christian attributes which were long ago set forth as guarantees of
eternal solace in the kingdom of God. Because of that, he was eminently
fitted to fill the role of educator and friend to a class of handicapped chil-
dren whose peculiar cause needs understanding of and sympathy with
their problems."

"A little over four months have passed by since he departed from our
midst. Yet we feel he is still here with us — over at his home, in his office,
at Goodwin Hall, in the hosptial, or at the old barn. Every day we are
doing the day's work in the nearness of his spirit. Yes, Supt. Goodwin is
still with us.

"As I write these lines, my mind is stirred with memories of my happy
days at school. It was a chilly October morning back in 1894 when I saw
for the first time the man who, for the next forty-three years, was my
teacher and guide. It was the first opening day of the new school he found-
ed. How well I recall that first meeting! As he greeted us, that shining
countenance with its handsome dark beard, that twinkle from his piercing
dark eye, so dear to us all, left an impress upon my whole being that has
remained to this day. Later, at College, teaching in other schools, and finally

(115)

1894 ~' North Carolina School for the Deaf -^ 1944

back at my alma mater, that picture has ever been before my mind. Supt.
Goodwin, here and yonder, is a constant inspiration to greater effort.

"Never will I forget his chapel talks, rich in religious conviction; his
firm, yet kindly and just punishments for misconduct; his dominating per-
sonality in every phase of school life. So strong was his impress upon his
protegees that in after school life, the only thought, the only desire of most
of them is to practice the Christian faith he preached. "How would Supt.
Goodwin feel if I do this or that" is the spirit that has guided the feet of
"his deaf children" along the many and various paths they follow.

"So in that spirit we dedicate this issue of The Deaf Carolinian in
loving memory and grateful appreciation of his life."

Final tribute was paid at 10:30 o'clock Tuesday morning, July 20,
1937, to Dr. E. ^McKee Goodwin whose career, crowned by the development
of the North Carolina School for the Deaf, was closed by death Sunday
afternoon, July 18. Funeral services were held at the First Baptist Church
of IMorganton of which he was chairman of the board of deacons, with the
pastor. Rev. R. L. Councilman, in charge. Interment followed in the family
plot at Forest Hill Cemetery. On his tombstone are inscribed: "Edward
McKee Goodwin, Founder of North Carolina School for the Deaf."

An Appreciation

(Addre.ss, by 0. A. Betts, delivered at the Memorial Service
held by the Alumni Association of the North Carolina School
for the Deaf, at the Home-Coming Reunion, Sunday morning,
September 5, 19:37. It was Dr. Goodwin who inspired Mr.
Betts to take up his life work with the Deaf.)

When I was asked by your secretary to be one of your guests on this
occasion and to pay a word of tribute to Dr. Goodwin, I deemed it not
only an honor but a privilege and a duty. An honor, because of the emi-
nent position to which Dr. Goodwin had attained in the field of special
education as it pertained to the deaf, not only in America, but in cither
countries as well; a privilege, because there are many others more gifted
who might have given you an appraisal of Dr. Goodwin and his work that
would have been a tribute indeed; a duty, for I doubt if there is living
today any one who had a more intimate association with him at that period
of his young manhood when he was preparing himself to do battle against
the illiteracy e.xisting in the South at that time.

To attempt to evaluate either the life or the work of Dr. Goodwin
with any degree of justice is a task I would not presume to undertake,
especially at this time, l)Ut one, I hope, that will not be too long delayed.
Nor shall I give a chronological sketch, in accurate detail, of the develop-
ment of this School, for that, too, is a task for the experienced biographer.

I shall therefore endeavor, for the sake of the Alumni and their
friends, in my humble way, with memories reaching back into my child-

(116)

1845 — Kducation of the Dkaf in Xorth Carolina ~ 1 945

hdud, to pa\' a triljuti' which no nialtri' hiiw ina(iec|uate, is from ihe heart
and carries with it a sincere appreciation of the man and his great purpose.

Born in the same community in which I took up my residence in
liic tender years of my youth, a few years my senior. Dr. Goodwin lii<e
myself, lived, on a farm within a few miles of the State Capitol. He was
a mere lad of six years when the Civil War closed and soon had to share
the burden of the work on the farm with his older brothers. There was
jilenty of work and few diversions for boys at that time. There was but
little wealth in the South in those post-war days. Many young men felt
discouraged and the roster of nearly every State west of the Mississippi
bears the names of thousands of Southern families whose sons went into
new t'lelds to seek their fortune. What a blessing to our State that the man
to whom we pay tribute today so loved his home and had such a clear
vision, even in his youth, of the great need of education for all its people,
that he chose to remain here.

I can recall, when I was a mere lad and Dr. Goodwin was an elemen-
tary school student, that he was particularly concerned about my progress
in school. How fresh in my memory are his words of admonition — "Study
hard and get an education." \\'ords that fired his own imagination and
made him one of the most serious minded students I ever knew. "Burning
the midnight oil" was to young "Ed" Goodwin a habit of life.

I know you will pardon me for injecting into this tribute to Dr. Good-
win some reminiscences of my early life which was influenced by both
his precept and his example. In fact, no greater tribute can be paid to
any man than to saj' that he made the battles of life easier for others. There
are scattered over this and other states scores of young men and women
holding places of honor, both in the State and the Nation, who refer to Dr.
Goodwin as the man to whom they owe more than to any other, the success
to which they have attained. There was about him a zest for study and
work that was contagious. His unbounded energy and enthusiasm were
inspiring. Youth felt the warmth of the glow and caught the spirit of a
determination to win — which knew no surrender.

It w-as my good fortune to spend many months in his class room:
First, a very brief period, as a school mate, theri later, as one of his pupils,
and finally, as a member of his staff of teachers in this school. Do you
wonder that I count it a privilege to pay tribute to the man who helped
me so much and whose life was held up to me, even when a child, by my
own parents, as one worthy of emulation and to whom I rendered a
service that was indeed a pleasure !

No task was too hard for his spirit and pluck. He paid his way
through his preparatory and college courses by the sweat of his brow.
At the age of nineteen he began his college preparatory studies in the Aca-
demies of Raleigh and his progress through these renowned schools and

(117)

Dr. Goodwin in
One of His Characteristic Postures

KS45 " t>DUCATION OF THE DeAF IN NoRTH CAROLINA — 1945

his teaching experience before entering college, one of which was with the
t'ary Academy, and his years in college leading to his graduation in the
class of 1884, were years of laying a solid foundation for the great work
he was destined to undertake as his life s caiiing.

After sefving one year as superintendent of the City Schools in the
town of Kinston, N. C, Dr. Goodwin decided to take up the profession
in this new field in the State School for the Deaf and the Blind at Raleigh.
This first year with the deaf was perhaps the turning point of his life for
there was little at the old school at Raleigh to lire the imagination of one
with Dr. Goodwin's ambition. However, the desire for research and study
prompted him to attend the Convention of American Instructors of the
Deaf which convened in San Francisco in the summer of 1885. There he
came in contact with the leading educators of the deaf. He was offered a
position on the teaching staffs of several of the best schools in America.
He decided to accept the offer of the Iowa school and remained there until
the spring of 1888. He then came back to the old school at Raleigh. But
he brought with him the spirit of adventure and, after three long years of
arduous campaigning he succeeded in convincing many of the State's
leading educators and legislators of the need lor better facilities for edu-
cating the deaf, including new buildings entirely separate from those of the
blind.

The culmination of this effort was an Act ratified by the General
Assembly of the State, on March 7, 1891. X'ividly do I recall that day.
for, as substitute instructor I was in charge of Prof. Goodwin's class while
he was in the legislative halls fighting like a noble Spartan of old, the
great battle of his life. When the good news finally reached the school,
there was genuine rejoicing among the deaf boys and girls for they seemed
to sense the dawn of a better day for themselves and for those to come
after them. From that day in March, 1891, until the new school opened
its doors for the reception of pupils for the first time, on October 2, 1894,
and throughout the remaining years of his career, there was one purpose
motivating the life of Dr. Goodwin and that was to develop a school for
the deaf boys and girls of this State that should be a model in its ec|uip-
ment and its achievement.

It would take more time than I have at my disposal to give you
any conception of the task Dr. Goodwin set for himself when he resolved
to make this idealistic dream of his come true. We can all dream beautiful
day dreams about the wonderful things we wish to do, but how many have
the stamina and the faith to forge ahead day and night, year in and year
out, against discouragements which, at times, are seemingly too overwhelm-
ing for anyone to combat. There would be no answer more compelling nor
more gloriously proclaimed as to the success of his adventure than to look
into the faces of the former pupils of this school who have come to pay

(119)

1845 -^ Education of the Deaf in North Carolina ~ 1945

tribute, inadequate as it may be, to him who labored so hard in their be-
half and for hundreds of others who are not able to be here, but who are
one with us in spirit today as their thoughts travel back over the happy
years of their school days spent here with a protector and mentor who
loved them and dared to care for them. What the world needs today are
leaders, yea, teachers, who not only dare, but care. Some one to care
whether the "forgotten man" has a square deal, the handicapped child
every opportunity that modern science can evolve.

That Ur. Goodwin's dream for a well-equipped school was realized
is the attestation given by leaders of the profession throughout this broad
land of ours, as well as by the honors conferred upon him by such national
organizations as the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf, the
Conference of Executives of American Schools for the Deaf and the Associ-
ation to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf, all of which have
awarded him their highest honors and retained him on some of their most
important committees up to the day of his death.

Dr. Goodwin was in my judgment too modest in his estimation of
the rank this school held in comparison to the other schools of the nation.
He was ambitious to class it as one among the best, but I am not the only
teacher of the deaf who feels that this phrase should be transposed to
read "second to none."

Although his labors were, in a sense, restricted to his native State
and chiefly to the cause of educating the deaf, they were not wholly con-
fined to this single group for Dr. Goodwin identified himself with the great
movement of universal education for all classes as well as in other spheres
of service. We shall always class him with the great leaders of the State
who, in the latter years of the nineteenth and at the opening of the twen-
tieth century, did so much to revolutionize the state educationally. In
other words, to do justice to Dr. Goodwin we shall always place him as
a contemporary of Gov. Chas. B. Aycock, North Carolina's great Educa-
tional Governor; Dr. Chas. D. Mclver, the founder of the great college
for Women at Greensboro, with whom Dr. Goodwin labored many years
as a member of the Board of Trustees of the College; the Convention of
the Baptist denomination of the state for he was one of the leading spirits
in establishing Meredith College at Raleigh and for many years a member
of its Board of Directors, and with Dr. J. Y. Joyner, State Superintendent
of Schools; Dr. Edwin A. Alderman, President of the State University; Dr.
P. P. Cla.xton, former United States Commissioner of Education, and others
who were his friends and with whom he held a common interest in the
crusade against the entrenchment of illiteracy within the State.

Dr. Goodwin's interest in the advancement of education and his active
participation in matters of a civic and religious nature, I am happy to say,
were duly recognized by both Wake Forest College and Gallaudet College,
Washington, D. C, both of which conferred upon him the Doctor's degree.

(120)

1845 — Education of the Dkaf in Xorth Carolina — 1945

On Ihf 12th (l:iy ul April, 1935, the General Assembly of the State
of North Carolina, forty-four years after the ratification of the Act estab-
lishing the School, ratified the following resolution — "That felicitations of
love and esteem are hereby extended to Dr. E. McK. Goodwin on the com-
pletion of lilty years of service to the State as teacher and Superintendent of
the Xorth Carolina School for the Deaf at Morganton with the hopes that he
may be spared for many more years of usefulness."

Anything else that we might say concerning Dr. Goodwin and his
work will be but a feeble attempt compared with this high tribute paid
him by the State which, by mandate, in 1 89 1 gave him the means and
entrusted to his hands the great task of improving the condition of the deaf
of the State.

From 1891 to the close of his life on the 18th day of July, 1937, the
splendid course planned minutely by Dr. Goodwin for the building up of
a modern school for the deaf progressed from year to year. There was no
recession. From one central building, completed in 1894, the physical plant
was developed into a system consisting of nine commodious buildings
besides several homes for the school staff and barns for the farm. To the
original plot of land chosen as a site for the School have been added
additional acres until the total acreage is more than four hundred. The
Annals of the Deaf for 1937 gives the \alue of the buildings and grounds
of more than one and a quarter million dollars.

In telling of the work of Dr. Goodwin in developing this school
for the deaf, it has not been my intention to convey the impression that
he was a man so immersed always in study and work that he had no time
for the social or aesthetic amenities of life, for the school curriculum was
well balanced with pleasing features of a social and artistic nature. In
the home of Dr. Goodwin, shared by his beloved wife until June 2, 1934,
w-hen she was called to her heavenly home, and by his four daughters, one
was conscious of an atmosphere of culture and relinement made beautifully
home-like by books and art and the touch of loving hands. He lived and
died in an environment that made duty a pleasure and recreation peaceful.

The positions of responsibility that Dr. Goodwin was called upon tc
fill by his church within the State, attest his deep religious convictions.
From these convictions sprung the indomitable courage which made him
such a formidable opponent to all social and moral evils.

In closing this simple tribute to Dr. Goodwin, I might say that this
splendid School which he conceived and built is his monument, and I could
well say that the hundreds of boys and girls, the product of this school,
who have faced life with something of the exalted spirit of the founder,
represent a fitting memorial more appropriate than marble. Yet with my
knowledge of Dr. Goodw^in and his work and my experience with the deaf,
I am constrained to say that there can be no greater testimonial to him
than that which your presence today and your own hearts conlirm when
we say he was a friend of the deaf.

(121)

Last Picture of Dr. Goodwin, April 1937

184S — Education ok the Deaf in Xorth Carolina — 1945

A Tribute

A truly great man is known not only by the manner
in which he responds to the call of humanity in times of
a great crisis but is more often measured by his ability
to meet and rise above the common everyday problems
of life in his dealings with just ordinary folks. Such a
man was Dr. E. McK. Goodwin as we like to remember
him. Those who were intimateh' associated with him in
his daily life can more fully appreciate these finer quali-
ties in the man, and will remember him for the quiet
influence of his life among those with whom he lived and
labored. He was a man who loved his friends but loved
justice and right even more. His devotion to his obliga-
tion to the State was e.xcelled only by his devotion to
the cause to which he dedicated his life, that of service
to the handicapped child. He will continue to live in
the lives of the hundreds of boys and girls who have
gone out from the School and are filling their places in
this commonwealth as loyal and obedient citizens. Dr.
Goodwin was truly a great man and fortunate indeed are
those of us who were privileged to know and labor with
him for so many years.

W. M. Shuford

Formerly of our School Staff, a jormer Superintendent
of the National Junior Order Orphans Home, Lexington,
iV. C, no-ii' a member of the Board of Trustees of our
School.

(123)

1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf "— 1944

A Life Devoted To Service

To appraise properly and appropriately the life and work of Dr. E.
McK. Goodwin, whose name throughout North Carolina — indeed in pro-
fessional circles throughout the nation — is synonymous with service to the
deaf, would be an assignment worthy of time to do the subject justice and
of a pen more gifted than this can hope. However, at a time like this,
when the mind gropes helplessly for v^^ords with which to pay tribute to
such a full, useful life, a life spent wholly and devotedly for others, the
inadeciuateness of written e.xpression may perhaps be made to balance with
sincerity of purpose which actuates the effort to write, and the depth of
feeling which attends it.

Doubtless the death of Dr. Goodwin, which occurred here Sunday
afternoon, July 18, 1937, will be the occasion of many testimonials as to his
high character and his eminent position in the profession in which he was
recognized to have few equals and no peer. In his case, as does not always
happen, recognition of his worth and ability did not wait until after he had
passed on, we are gratified to reflect, but for years he has been rated in
the forefront of his profession, several degrees having been bestowed upon
him, and the North Carolina School for the Deaf, into which he put his
whole life and ambition, stands out as one of the best among similar insti-
tutions in the country. Its normal teachers have needed no further recom-
mendation than that they were trained in the North Carolina School.

However, as we who knew him well and were favored with his friend-
ship think of him now at the close of an interesting and purposeful career,
it is not as a teacher, not as an intelligent, thrifty manager, a tireless
worker, a diplomat in handling difficult situations (including State Legis-
latures! ) or as an executive of high order that we would and will remember
him best, as much as these contributed to his success. In our opinion the
greatest thing in his life, standing out in bold relief, was the mutual de-
votion that existed between him and all the deaf of the State. They instinc-
tively realized as soon as they came under his influence that he was their
friend and that their interests were uppermost in his mind and heart. If
any were inclined to self-pity, because of the handicap of deafness, this
was overcome, and the friendliness and sympathetic understanding which
Dr. Goodwin invariably made the watchwords of his management of his
youthful charges won their affection for life. They loved him as father,
and his name will be venerated and his memory revered for generations to
come.

— Editorial by Miss Beatrice Cobb /// the ( Rfor^aiitoii) Xcws-Herald

(124)

1845 — Kdi'Cation of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

Dr. Goodwin As Our Superintendent

\\hen news of the passing of Dr. E. McKee Goodwin reached me,
I felt, as did hundreds of other educators of the deaf, that sadness and
sense of loss that come to us when a great leader has gone from us whose
place cannot be filled. Dr. Goodwin was one of the greatest educators of
deaf children in the United States and he was truly an eminent super-
intendent. His personaUty and his work are so indeUbly impressed on the
North Carolina School for the Deaf that, for time to come, it will always
be known as "Goodwin's School."

There is nothing I can say in the way of appreciation of Dr. Goodwin,
the man, or his work as an educator that could add to what has already
been said, or what will continue to be said by his profession. However,
there are some fine qualities that he possessed which only those who knew
him well over a period of years could possibly appreciate. It is of some of
these lesser known facts of his every day school life that 1 want to express
my appreciation and high regard.

I cannot remember the time when I didn't hear of "Goodwin and
his school at Morganton," for I belonged to the Walker family of South
Carolina and back in those days the profession was like a large family.
Superintendents and their families were close friends. They exchanged
friendly letters, visited back and forth, and what was going on in the North
Carolina School was of interest to the Walkers at Cedar Spring. It was
early impressed on me that the North Carolina School was doing fine work
and Doctor Goodwin was a leader.

After teaching a number of years in several of the large eastern
schools, I came to North Carolina, in 1918, as Dr. Goodwin's principal.
For five years I worked "with him" (not for him) and learned to know
and to appreciate better some of the qualities that made him a great
superintendent.

Dr. Goodwin's keen grasp of every detail in and around the school
was amazing. His simplicity was one of his very fine traits. His knowledge
was wide. He could go out on the farm and show deaf boys how to pick
peas as easily as he could lead a conference of teachers on the latest method
of teaching speech. Officers, teachers and pupils could go to him with their
problems and he was always ready to help them. .\ friendly chat in the
hall, a funny story at the breakfast table, made many a day bright, which
might otherwise have been wasted so far as school was concerned.

Living and working with people you learn to know them. Dr. Good-
win was always kind. He could see your side, and if you were fortunate
enough to have an idea, he would let you "try it out." In this way he
developed initiative in pupils and teachers to a great degree. He believed in
you — that was why you were in his school. He believed in work. You
instinctively moved a little faster when you heard his step in the hall.

(125)

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf "-^ 1944

You tried to use your time wisely because he valued time. You caught
something of his fine spirit if you were with him very long. You can't
think of him as gone. He is still at work "over on the hill."

— Pattie Thomason Tate, Principal

Dr. Goodwin As A Superintendent

Several years ago the young superintendent of a school for the deaf
which had been but recently established visited the North Carolina School.
He saw work in every class room and in every shop. \i the end of his visit
he made but one comment: "Fifty years from now we may have a school
like this." It had taken almost fifty years to make the North Carolina
School — almost fifty years and the right sort of leadership. A school is not
made of brawn and brick and mortar; a school is made of brain and interest
and energy. It was these three — interest that burned like a flame, fed by
abundant energy, controlled by unusual intelligence — that Dr. Goodwin
brought to his task of leadership.

Intelligence may be defined as ability to learn from the printed page,
from one's own experiences and from observation of the experiences of
others. Sound judgment, a sense of proportion, selection of the vital and the
essential, appraisal of results from a detached viewpoint, sensitiveness to
the reactions of others are some of the manifestations of intelligence. Its
supreme manifestation, its quintessence is known as "common sense." To
a marked degree Dr. Goodwin possessed, along with these other character-
istics of a fine mind, common sense.

Dr. Goodwin, possessed courage. In his earlier years he was not afraid
of being called a radical, as for instance, when he introduced oral work into
his school. In these latter days of half-baked experimentation pursued in
the name of Progress, he was not afraid to be called a conservative and he
held fast to that which he knew to be good. Open-minded he accepted no
theory until he had become convinced of its practicability. With a wisdom
born of long experience he knew that "the old order changeth" but he
yielded no place to the new until he had assured himself of its worth. He
had learned, too, that the upward way lies along the way of evolution, not
revolution, and by that road he led those who followed him.

Under Dr. Goodwin's leadership the North Carolina School became
a democracy in which it was a joy to work. He had none of the foibles and
faults of the big frog in the little pond. He was the least autocratic of
leaders. Having delegated authority he was always ready to assist, to
advise, to "back up," l)ut he issued no mandates, and, as he was fond of
putting it, he was always "open to conviction." Honest opposition was
given its day in court. Keys might rattle and the desk be pounded with
a resolute fist, but when the argument was ended and the stirred waters
settled, the stream ran clear again.

(126)

I84.S — Education or the Dkaf in North Carolina ~ 1945

Dr. Gtwdwin was too intelligent not to realize that the best way to
fit a boy or girl to earn a living was first to fit him or her to live. Intensely
practical himself he knew that in order to profit by vocational training a
boy or girl must have a foundation in the use and understanding of English
on which to build. Hence with him in the order of importance, next to the
moral and physical welfare of his children, class room work came first. It
was sacrificed to nothing. An excellent teacher before he became a super-
intendent he was quick to recognize and appreciate good teaching. Like all
successful leaders he knew that contented workers are the most efficient
workers, and he was exceedingly considerate of his teachers and of other

members of his staff.

Dr. Goodwin's pride and delight in his school was immense, but
whenever he heard it praised, it was his pleasure to divide the credit. "I
have had good help," he was wont to say. He seemed not to feel that his
securing and holding good help was entirely due to his qualities as a leader.
Cooperation cannot be commanded. Like loyalty and respect it must be
won. The measure of his success as a superintendent was indicated by the
admirable team work with which the departments of his school — house-
hold, academic, vocational — functioned.

There are today hundreds of deaf men and women in North Carolina
and in other states who owe all to the school he founded and directed;
there are hundreds of teachers who are better teachers for having served
under him; there are superintendents who have been inspired by his
example and helped by his advice. There is but one tribute that they can
pay him — to support the ideas and ideals for which he stood as an educator.
The remarkable Tightness of those ideas and ideals results have attested.
— Enfield Joiner, Educational Principal. 1927-1938.

The Measure of A Man

Not— "How did he die?" But— "How did he live?"

Not — "What did he gain?" But — "What did he give?"

These are the units to measure the worth

Of a man as a man, regardless of birth.

Not — "WTiat was his station?" But — "Had he a heart?"

And — "How did he play his God-given part?"

"Was he ever ready with a word of good cheer

To bring back a smile, to banish a tear?"

Not — "What was his church?" Nor — "What was his creed?"

But — "Had he befriended those really in need?"

Not — "What did the sketch in the newspaper say?"

But — "How many were sorry when he passed away?"

In making an estimate of the life of Dr. E. McK. Goodwin we can
do no better than to make use of the units of worth as given by the author
in this poem, "The ^kleasure of .\ Man".

(127)

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf ~— ^ 1944

''How did he live?" "In the fear and admonition of the Lord.'' His
faith in God and his belief in the Bible could not be shaken. He was a
consistant member of the Baptist church and a strict observer of the Sab-
bath. "What did he give?". Many years of faithful service to his native
State: love and devoted care to his family.

"Had he a heart?" Anyone who had ever seen him with the small
children clustering around him could not doubt it. To them he represented
a kind and loving father, who was interested in their work and play. Until
the last two years of his life, when failing health prevented, he attended
every school party, often participating in the games, entering wholeheart-
edly into the fun of the evening.

"How did he play his God-given part?" Courageously and faithfully.
In the days when Dr. Goodwin began his life's work among the deaf teach-
ing was no easy task. What is now a broad highway leading upward to
higher education for the deaf, was then a narrow path with stumbling blocks
and difficulties to be surmounted at every step. Only the courageous who
entered the ranks could stay and gain success. And when he came to the
place where the path of teacher led into that of the superintendency his
difficulties and responsibilities were not diminished but increased. He met
them all with courage and faithfulness, and never called retreat.

In the long years of service as superintendent he was kind, consider-
ate and impartial in all his dealings with his teaching staff. He was not only
willing to hear but welcomed suggestions for the betterment of the school
from any of his faculty, and while he might not agree, he was always open
to conviction. Possessed of indomitable energy he could not tolerate indo-
lence in pupil or employee. With untiring effort and perseverance he built
up a school for the deaf the equal of any in America. Outstanding qualities
of his character were industry, perseverance and punctuality.

"Had he befriended those really in need?" This question can be best
answ'ered by the deaf themselves. They better than anyone else know what
the education they received has meant to them. Surely no people are more
in need than the uneducated deaf. No child who ever entered this school,
whether he stayed to complete the course or left after a few years, but was
better for the instruction he received here, better physically, mentally and
morally.

"How many were sorry when he passed away?" All who knew him.
All who had worked with him or for him, all who have been pupils or are now
pupils of this school. Let us keep his memory green by doing our work as
he would wish it done, and by so doing carry on his work for the School
with this for our motto, Nunquam Retorsum (Never Backwards). And
perhaps he will know it. "The living- arc the only dead;

The dead live — nevermore to die.

And often, when we mourn them fled,

They never were so nigh!"

— Mary Christine JNIauzy, Teacher

(128)

lcS45 — Education of the Deaf in N'orth Carolina — 1945

From His Friend of Pioneer Days in Educational
Work in North Carolina

Dr. E. McK. Goodwin was the best friend the deaf of North Caro-
lina ever had.. The education of the deaf was the ruling passion of his life.
He was the father of the North Carolina School for the Deaf at Morganton.
To its development he devoted his splendid talents, his remarkable e.xecu-
tive ability, his indomitable energy, his irresistible enthusiasm, and placed
it in the front ranks of schools for the deaf in the nation. Through ages to
come, let us hope, this school, this best sort of monument to a great, good
man, will continue to brighten and bless the lives of thousands and to
make eternal the name and multiiily the influence of the life and work of
its founder.

Dr. Goodwin was a happy and rare combination of the idealist and
the realist. While the education of the deaf was his major interest and work,
his interests and activities were not limited to this. He was interested and
active in the educational, civic and religious life and development of his
state and community.

He was one of that small group of young men that were chiefly re-
sponsible for starting in the nineties our educational renaissance.

.As a public-spirited citzen and Christian, he could always be counted
on to do his part in every movement for the betterment of his State, his
community, and his church.

"He is gone but nothing can bereave him
Of the force he made his own
Being here, and we believe him
Something far advanced in state,
And that he wears, a truer crown
Than any wreath that man can weave him."

— J. Y. JoYNER, For many years State
Supcriuteudent of Public Instruction.

From the Convention of American Instructors

OF THE Deaf
By the death of Dr. E. McK. Goodwin, the deaf profession has lost
one of its most faithful workers. Dr. Goodwin founded the School for the
Deaf at Morganton, North Carolina and served as its executive head for
forty-three years, during which time he had the satisfaction of seeing a
barren hillside converted intd the site of one of the most attractive and
efficient schools for the deaf in the country. Because of ill health he was
made Emeritus Superintendent in May, and despite the well advanced age
of 78 years, he retained an active interest in the progress and development
of the school until death intervened on July 18, 1937.

Dr. Goodwin was one of the best known of superintendents having

(129)

1894 ~ North Carolina School for the Deaf ^— 1944

taken an active interest in the work of the Convention of American In-
structors of the Deaf, the Conference of Executives of American Schools
for the Deaf, and the American Association to Promote the Teaching of
Speech to the Deaf; in all of which organizations he had from time to time
been honored with positions of trust. During a period of forty years he
had not failed to attend a single meeting of the Convention. He served one
term as president of the Conference and was, at the time of his death,
honorary president of the American Association.

His long term of service was outstanding because of the progressive
nature of his administration. Ever alert to detect the modern trend and to
utilize such improved methods as would best serve the deaf in their broader
walks of life, he never lost sight of the educational needs of the children
entrusted to his care. The greatest tribute that can be paid to Dr. Goodwin
is the fact that a host of former students, whose lives have been moulded
by his precept and example, unanimously acclaim him as their benefactor.
— Ignatius Bjorlee, President Convention of
American Instructors of the Deaf.

From the Conference of Executives of American
Schools for the Deaf

Through the nearly fifty years of my life with the deaf it has been my
good fortune to meet and to know intimately many great men and women.
One of these truly great souls was Dr. E. McK. Goodwin of North Carolina.
In his presence always we had a deep feeling of reverence. To know him
was to love him. We cannot feel that he has left us for he lives enshrined
within our hearts. His life and its radiance are still ours to keep and cherish
while we remain. His inlluence for good and noble deeds, his constant
devotion to his family, and his untiring efforts to build for the deaf children
of North Carolina a great educational institution leave for all of us a living
inspiration and benediction.

There is nothing quite so wonderful as the passage of a human heart.
It glows and sparkles with a myriad of effects as it moves through life
with us. — Frank M. Driggs President, Conference

of Executives of American Schools.

From the American Association To Promote the

Teaching of Speech to the Deaf
Of the various organizations which will feel a distinct loss in the
death of Dr. E. McK. Goodwin, there is probably none with which he has
been more continuously associated than with the American Association to
Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf. Since 1904 the Board of
Diretcors of this organization ha.? had his wise counsel and support. Only
two members ever served longer, and none more faithfully.

(130)

1845 — ~ Education of the Deaf in \orth Carolina — 1945

Since 1914 Dr. Goodwin has been an officer of the Association, serv-
ing from that year as Second Vice-president, later as First \'ice-president.
In January 1937 the Board honored itself by electing him honorary Presi-
dent of the Association — a position held by no one else in the history of
the Association.

Those who participated with him in these Board meetings could ap-
preciate doubly the characteristics which made him a leading educator of
the deaf. He was a lovable man, a clear thinker, firm in conviction, yet
withal mild and refined in action. Well born, always a gentleman, he ad-
ministered steadfastly and justly. Those who tried to balk his action or
hinder his purpose invariably rode for a fall, for to malign him simply
belittled the maligner, as those who tried, on several occasions found to
their sorrow. He did his work well, was honest, kept his word, helped when
and where he could and was fair. His greatest contribution to the profession
was himself.

— Elbert A. Gruver, President, The American Association
to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf.

Citations Conferring Honorary Degrees
Doctor of Humanities
"Edward MKee Goodwin, ,B. A., M. A., George Peabody College. While
teaching in the public schools of this State he sponsored legislation for the
creation of a school for the deaf. In 1893 he witnessed the laying of the
corner stone at ^Morganton for the North Carolina School for the Deaf of
which he has continued as president. His achievement to this unique re-
lationship has brought self-support, music, literature, culture into the lives
of thousands who having ears can not hear. His fame has furnished leader-
ship and inspiration to other states of this country. A half century of hu-
manitarian service in many fields and national distinction in that in which
he has spent almost his entire life commend him for the L. H. D. degree."

— Thurman Kitchin, President
June, 1932. Wake Forest College

Doctor of Letters
"Edward McKee Goodwin, able teacher of the deaf, administrator
and leader in the education of the deaf; during the past fifty years under
your direction, the State of North Carolina has built, equipped and main-
tained one of the most advanced and largest schools for the deaf in the
country; you have all that time with skill and success trained these handi-
capped children of the state to become self-suporting, independent God-
fearing citizens." — Percival Hall, President
June, 1935. Gallaudet College

(131)

EDWARD
A. B.. M.

McKEE GOODWIN,
A.,Litt. D., L. H. D.

1845 ■— Education of the Dkaf in North Carolina ~' 1945

Recognition by the General Assembly

Joint Resolution Extending Felicitations of Love and Esteem
To Dr. Edward McKee Goodwin, Superintendent of the Xorth
Carolina School for the Deaf, on His Fifty Years of Service
To the State.

"Whereas, Dr. Edward JNlcKee Goodwin. Superintendent of the
Xorth Carolina School for the Deaf at INIorganton, has served the State
and its deaf mute wards for fifty years as teacher and superintendent of
the said institution, during which time he has rendered self-sacrificing
service coupled with a high degree of efficiency and sympathetic under-
standing for the physically afllicted and under-privileged children under
his care; and

"Whereas it is desired to express public recognition of the splendid
services rendered to the State of Xorth Carolina for half a century by Dr.
Goodwin; now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the House of Representatives, the Senate concurring:

"Section 1. That felicitations of love and esteem are hereby extend-
ed to Dr. Edward ;McKee Goodwin on the completion of fifty years of
service of the State as teacher and superintendent of the X'orth Carolina
School for the Deaf at ^Nlorganton with the hope that he may be spared
for many more years of usefulness.

"Section 2. That a cop}' of these resolutions be sent to Dr. Goodwin.

"Section 3. That this resolution shall be in full force and effect
from and after its ratification."

In the General Assembly, read three times, and ratified, this the 12th
day of April, 1935.

— A. H. Graham,

President of the Senate

— R. G. Johnson, Speaker

House oj Representatives

(133)

Ig94 ~' North Carolina School for the Deaf ^— 1944

Dr. Rankin — Dr. Goodwin's Successor

The North CaroHna School fnr the Deaf has had only two superin-
tendents— Dr. E. McK Goodwin, founder and Superintendent from 1894
to 1937. and Dr. Carl E. Rankin. It was a happy coincidence that a member
of the founder's family through marriage, an educator whom he could
trust to understand his work, should be called upon to assist him in carrying
on the work of his declining years, and later to succeed him thru appoint-
ment based on his own broad educational background and experience.

Carl Emmet Rankin was born in Guilford County, September 14.
1892, a son of INIillard J. and Mollie E. Rankin, and a gieat-pfreat ;^rind-
son of Robert Rankin of Scotch-Irish descent, who came from Delaware
and settled in Guilford County in 1763, one of a group of Scotch-Irish
Presbyterians who founded Buffalo Church, the first Presbyterian Church
established in Guilford.

Mr. Rankin graduated with the Degree of B. A. from Davidson Col-
lege in 1917, and shortly thereafter with rank of 1st Lieutanant from the
First Officer's Training Camp at Fort Oglethorpe. For nearly two years he
served with this rank in the 1 1th U. S. Cavalry, and as machine-gun instruc-
tor at Fort Oglethorpe and at Fort Sill. Approval by the War Department
of his transfer to the air service and promotion to the rank of Captain
reached him in early November 1918; but immediately following the
Armistice of November 11, he resigned his commission and returned to
civilian life.

Carl Rankin's college ambition was to study medicine, but he became
interested in the problems of education through his association with Dr.
(ioodwin during his courtship and marriage to Dr. Goodwin's eldest
daughter. In 1919 Mr. Rankin entered upon graduate study at Teachers
College, Columbia University, and was awarded the M. A. degree in 1920.
In 1921-22 he taught English in the Horace Mann School for Boys for one
year, then as head of the Department of English in McBurne^' High
School for Boys, New York City, for four years. During these years he
pursued further graduate study at Columbia, spending two summer vaca-
tions as Woodcraft Counselor at Camp Hanoum in Vermont, and two as
Director of the New York City Mission Camp for Boys, in the hills of
Dutchess County.

In 1926 he was invited to occupy the Teachers College Chair of
Education and Psychology in Lingnan University, Canton, China, where
he served five years. In 1930-31 he served as Dean of the College of .Arts
and Sciences of that University, working out with his faculty a carefully
prepared five-year plan for the following period, assisting in establishing
experimental and model schools in and near the city of Canton, and in de-
veloping intelligence tests in the Chinese language — a perid which was
interrupted by the Japanese invasion of 1932.

(134)

1S4S — Education of the Deaf in North Carolina ~^ 1945

Returning to the Uniteil States on sabbatical leave in 1931, Mr.
Rankin resumed further graduate study and research at Columbia Uni-
versity and the University of North Carolina, and was awarded the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Philosophy at Columbia Uni-
versity in 1934.

During his graduate study at Columbia Dr. Rankin was made a
member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity, and of the national eduactional
honor societies. Kappa Delta Pi and Phi Delta Kappa, which latter he
served as President of its Columbia chapter; in 1932 he was awarded the
Naomi Norsworthy Graduate Fellowship. For the interim 1933-34 he
served as Dean of Westminister College in Pennsylvana.

In the fall of 1934 he undertook for a group of organizations in New
York a research study of work conducted by educational agencies among
seamen in the port of New York, with particular regard to adult education
problems of adjustment, and submitted a finished report. This work led
to a deep interest in social problems of adjustment.

Outstanding among these problems is the increasing difficulty of
handicapped people in being able to fit into an age that continually empha-
sizes the development of new machinery. When Dr. Rankin was offered
the task of helping to meet problems facing the deaf in 1935, he accepted
thechllenge; and upon the death of Dr. Goodwin in July 1937, Dr. Rankin
was made superintendent.

His administration has been marked by a program of extensive fire-
proofing and renovating of the buildings, farm and food-production ex-
pansion, increased facilities for recreation and Physical Education, aided
in no small measure by increased impetus to our Boy Scout program: by
the expansion of vocational training; introduction of various mechanical
devices for instruction in hearing and visual aid, and the modernization
of instruction as a result of research findings. He has led in stressing better
professional preparation of teachers; working away from the old insti-
tutional ideas of household life, he has been an exponent of Social Educa-
tion for deaf children; he has constantly stressed the need of the individual
child, the vital need for Parent Education, and the need of applying the
best thought in mental hygiene to our problems.

Thru his efforts, State College provided special Extension Service
for adult deaf in agriculture and home economics.

As early as 1921, in New York, Dr. Rankin began, as Scoutmaster
at Horace IMann School, his long service to the Boy Scouts of America,
an interest which has tied together his devotion to his two sons, Edward
]\IcKee Goodwin, fifteen, and Robert Wharton, ten, with a keen interest
in boyhood everywere. There is no doubt in the minds of Scouts at our
School that Dr. Rankin's hobby is "Boys", or in the Boy Scout organization,
which he has served as member of the Piedmont Council since 1935,

(135)

1894 — North Carolina School for the Deaf — 1944

member of its Executive Board since 1942, and National Council Member
since 1944. He earned his Eagle Scout badge in 1944 along with one of
his sons and one of his students; in 1945 the National Council of Boy
Scouts of America conferred upon him its Silver Beaver Award "For Dis-
tinguished Service to Boyhood. "

Since coming to Morganton Dr. Rankin has been a member of the
First Presbyterian Church, which he serves as one of its Elders.

An educator of most pleasing personality, and deeply interested in
his work of equipping deaf children for citizenship. Dr. Rankin is ably
carrying on the work begun by the founder of the North Carolina School
for the Deaf. He is a member of the Conference of Executives of Ameri-
can Schools for the Deaf, and a Director of the Convention of American
Instructors of the Deaf: in the American Association to Promote the
Teaching of Speech to the Deaf, he is serving as chairman of its committee
now making a nationwide study of the relation of the home to the school
for the deaf. He has served in conferences in Washington on problems
and programs of national legislation relating to education and aid for
the handicapped.

(1.^6)

1845

Education of the Dkaf in North Carolina —^ 1945

Students Registered at North (Carolina
School for the Deaf lcS94-1944

(.Arranged Alpliabeticalty by Couitliti)

Alamance

Bailey, Betty Louise
Banlcs. Kathcrine
Banks, Kathleen
Bradsliaw, Hattie
Brad?haw, Mattie
Brown, Everette C.
Cape, Charles T.
Davis, Clyde
Dixon. Currie
Durham, Mozclle
Durham, Melvin
Durham, Flossie
Hinshaw, Elmira
McBane, Julia
McDaniel, Dona
McKinney, Colleen
Mebane, Leslie
Mebane, Ethel
Mebane, Have
Mebane, Alma
Millard, Alice
Miller, Sandra Lee
Moser, Thomas
Paris, Lizzie May
Parrish, Broodie
Pendergraph, Ina B.
Quails, Argia Ahse
Richardson, Edna
Rozzelle, Xelda
Sykes, Floyd
Tate, May
Taylor, Billic Jean
Wilson, Willie V.
Wilson, Nellie
Whitefield, Everett
Zachary, Alfred M.
Zachary. Mahlon

Alexander

Beckham, Robert
Bowman, Earl H.
Bowman, William
Bowman, Dewey
Brocks, Carlos
Brown. Hattie L.

Brown, Everett W.
Chapman. Fred
Feimster, Charles
Feimster, .\sa
Fo.\, Rin
Hollar, Elsie
Isenhour, Marvin
Jolly, William Hall
Jolly, Mono
Jolly, Dorothy
Kerley, Dallas
Lackey. Lafayette
Mayberry. Elzy
McDaniel. .\manda
Reid. Thelma
Reid. Zelma
Rcid, Selma
Rhyne. Mczelle
Sherrill, Edwin Ray
Starnes, Bessie
Stewart, Clay
Watts. Joe D.
Watts, James
Warren, Lula

Alleghany

Blevins, Charlie -A.
Caudill. Vance
Fry, Catherine

Anson

Barwick, Joseph W.
Burr, Mary
Deason. Thomas
Diggs, Walter
Hendley, Pearl
Hendley, John
Howell. Eunice
Hyatt. Joe
Knotts, Edna L.
Knctts. Nettie J.
Knotts. Duke
Knotts, Charlie
Knotts, Nona
Knotts, Willard
Moore. Jabes
Nichols, Nathan
(137)

Kedfearn, Rosalind
Redfearn. Sarah
Talent, Earl
Watson, Charles
Watson, Percy

Ashe

.'\shlc\-. James
.Ashley, Paul
Barker, Clarence
Bledsoe, Bobby Dean
Bledsoe, R. H.
Brcoks, Wilma
Burkett, \innie
Davis, Lizzie Mae
Dixon, Rena E.
Dougherty, Pleas
Glass, Ellen D.
Haire, .■\lbert
Jones, Carl
Jones, Richard
Phillips, Albert S.
Phillips, Zollie
Phillips, Iva Lee
Porter. Barbara .-\vcnella
Rhodes. Cora E.
Saults, \'ernie Lee
Seagroves. Landen
shepherd. Thomas
Sheiiherd. \'irginia Ruth
Walters. James \.
Weaver. Elijah

Avery

Coffey. David
Daniels. Robert
Green, Dallas
Gwynn. Sybil
Howe. Frances E.
Howell, Spencer
Howell. Ray
Ollis. Ralph
Palmer. Faye Marion
Pitman. Charlie
Ray. Julia Laura
Wise, .^nne May

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Beaufort

AUigood, Hazel
AUigocd. Blanche
Barber, Hugh
Chauncy, Myron
Daniels, Cottie
Daniels, Audrey
Daniels, Preston
Daniels, Elrice
Edwards, Leon
Hardison, Doris
Ives, David
Matthews, Francis
McGowan. Mitchell
Mixon, Noah
Moore, Cora E.
Moore, Jessie R.
Moore, Dtorothy
Mcore, Dwris Jean
Parker, H. W.
Powell, Naomi
Ross, Bennie
Rowe, Lawrence
Sawyer, Ralph
SncU, Victoria
Tankard, Nancy Irence
Tver, Ruth
Williams. Stella

Bertie

Baggett, lona
Cobb, William Tommy
Floyd, Robert L.
Mitchell, Ruth
Owen, Elva H.
Pierce, Cora
Pierce, Mary
Tyler, William J.

B'.aden

Brcvvn, Lauder
Bunnell, William Troy
Guyton, Warren
Hines, John
Hines, Virginia
Huffman, Edna
Moore, Pete
Sewell, Ira

Brunswick

Brower, Hans
Brower. William Ralph
Farrow, Julius

Johnson, Lillie
Pierce, Daniel
Pierce, Bascom
Reynolds, Irving
Robinson, Eva Belle
Robbins. Hazel
Sewell, Leon McK
Smith, Annie Maude
Smith, Duffie

Buncombe

Anders, Eniest
Anders, Peirl
Anders, R'jb\ Lee
Kiddix, \'irginia
Boggs, Edith
Collins, Andrew
Davis. Montie
Davis, Etta E.
Evans, Robbie
Evans, Edith
Franklin, Betty Lee
P'risbee, Edna
Frisbec, Letch
Frisbee, Fred
Guire, Oscar
Hagan, Grace
Hamlet, Oscar
Hampton, Ethel
Hare, Lucy
Hensley, Beulah
Hinson, Sarah K.
Kesterton, Howard
Kuykendall, Mary Ella
Letterman, Lois
Letterman, Neil
Letterman, Cornelius
Loader, Margaret
Masters, L. Ethel
McEIreath, Ervin P.
McMahan, Elsom
Morgan, Carrie May
Morgan, Ben Ledford
Morgan, Gladys
Myers, Thomas
Ogden, John Helton
Phillips, Styles
Phillips. Kremer
Phillips, Mike
Quarles, Vernon
Reed, Fred
Rhodes, Lillian
Rhyder, Mary E.

(138)

Rice, Mary L.
Rich, Avery
Ricks, Charles
Riddle, liinnie May
Scnter, Robert Eugene
Senter, George Maxton
Sorrells, Carrie M.
Spurling, Hortense
Stamey. Brownie
TurbyfiU, Juanita Jane
Waldrop, Fred
Ward, Fred
Watts, Rufus

Burke

Austin, Ze'juion
Austin. Jeanette
.■Austin, t'"ay
Bailey, Durwood
Baker, Sadie
Berry, Andrew'
Bradley, English Lee
Bradley, Robert
Bradley, William
Bradley, Sarah
Burnett, Mabel
Chapman, Barbara
Cline, Leroy
Cline, Annie May
Cowan, Ray
Dale, .^bbie
Dale, Mamie
Fleming, Melvin
Fleming, Marvin
Fox, Harold
Gwynn, Charlie
Holder, Gertie
Houck, Edgar
Hudson, Hubert
Huffman, James
Huffman, John
Huffman, Fannie
Johnson, Clara Belle
Johnson, Nell
Leonard, Doris Ruth
Leonard, Lonnie Joe
Leonard, Patricia Ann
Leonard, Richard
Lovings, Jay Dee
McCall, Priscilla
McGalliard. Owens
McKesson, Eliza

1845

Education of the Deaf in North Carolina ~ 1945

McMahan. VVavie
Mills. Louise
Mills, Vernie
Mills. Corrie
Mitrhell, Joseph E.
Moses, Mary
Moses, Gertrude Floy
Morrow, Mearl
Mull, Dorothy
Mull, Wilson
Pearson, Ervin Glenn
Piercy, David
Powell, Myrtle L.
Puett, Charles
Rector, Opal
Sawyer, Willis
Senter, Donald
Stamey, Vernie
Stevens, Dorothy
Stevens, Derotha
Stroup, Clyde
Suttle, Aurelia
Wilson, Carrol
Winters, Gaither
Whisenant, Cecil
Whisenant. Frank
Whisenant, Ernest
Whisenant, John Adams
Whisenant, Jack
Whisenant, Harold
Williams, Bono

Cabarrus

Bastion, Thelma
Beaver, Everett
Bent^eld, Willie
Belgania, Juanita
Biggers, Wade
Boger, Recce
Brigman, Luther
Brown, Sallie
Caudle, J. W.
Carelock. Jeanne
Chambers. WiUiam
Clark. Geraldinc
Donaldson, Carrie May
Dover, Mildred
Ferguson, Etta
Gordon, Jewell
Hartsell, Luther
Helms, Everette
Hendrix, \'erna
Hcrrine, Sarah

Honeycutt, Joseph
Jordon, Helen
Ketner. Ray
Lambert. Cassie
Lippard, Carrie
Little, William
Mauny, Ida
McCall, Leona May
McDonald, Mary A.
McLain, Geraldine
McLain, Billy
McLain, Wallace
Morgan, Maggie
Morris, .\nnie
Nesbit, Charles
Nichols, Howard
Pethel, Robert
Roberts, Eula M.
Robbins, Joan
Smith. Dorcas M.
Smith. Merle D.
Stancil, Lewis
Tradaway, Susie
Turner, Betty
Washam, Flossie
Winecoff, Edgar
Wentzell, James
Widenhouse, A. Glenn
Verton, Luther
Yerton, Clara
Yerton, \'iolet May

Caldwell

Barlow, Violet
Bowman, .\rthur L.
Bumgarner, Mary
Cherry, Jr., Cecil
Cline, Edith
Coffey, Ward
Davis, Martha Geneva
Dula, Mamie
Dyson, Zero
Dyson, Lindsay
Dyson, Marcus
Eckard. Davis
Eller, Lloyd
Green, Louis
Hendrix, Bessie
Icard, Lonnie
Jenkins, Deawy
Leonard, David
Lloyd. Gilmer Howard

(139)

McLean. Janie
Moore. Coy
Munday. Ray
Palmer. Laverne
Powell, Cora L.
Prestweod, Lillian
Sanders. Joe
Sherrill, Wilson
Shcrrill, Frances
Sherrill, Betty
Sherrill, Pershing
Smith, Joseph
Smith, Dorothy
Triplctt, Ross
Walker, George
Wilson, George

Camden

Cartwright, Daniel
White, Sarah

Catawba

Abee, Lloyd
Abee, Willie A.
.\berncthy, Percy
.Abernethy, Grayson
.\bernethy, Flossie
.Abernethy, Ocie
Bishop, Janie
Boston, Oliver
Bowman, Nellie
Bowman, Richard
Bright. Jamie
Brown. Samuel
Brown. Everett
Brown. Cordia
Brown. .Mfred
Brown. Max J.
Byers. Roscoe
Campbell, Inez
Callahan, Bobby
Conner, Irma Lee
Curtis. Chlce
Deal. Ruth
Drum. Eva
Frye, Samuel
Hartzoge. Inona
Heath, Billy
Heath. Myrtle
Hicks. Howard
Hicks. Luther
Hoke, Hugh

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Hollar, Bessie
Hosley, Hettie
Hcsley, Cephus
Huffman, Gracie P.
Killian, Sadie Pearl
Lane, Paul
Martin, Georgia
Melton, Frank
Mills, Cecil
Milton, Frank
Settlemyre, Dorothy
Settlemyre, Florence
Spencer, Herman Lee
Starr, Claude
Warner, Lewis
Withers, William Ralph
Yoder, Oscar E.
Yoder, Katherine
Yoder, Adolphus

Caswell

Cobb, Fred Hassie
Gatewood, Harry
Newman, Walter
Newman, Edgar
Shclton, Eddie
Shelton, Willie
Shelton, Emma
Stephens, Lula
Stephens, Billie Carter

Carteret

Betts, Wayne
Brinson, Cecil Burns
Daniels, Ralph
Daniels. Betty Jean
Daniels, Mildred
Gutherie, Aleane
Hill, Katie
Lewis, Corbett
Lewis, Willie
Lewis, Lydia
Lewis, Lunettie
Mason, Ira
Mason, Gertrude
McCain, Reba
Nelson, Marina
Smith, Foster
Smith, Lucille
Watson, Nona
Watson, Edna
Watson, Rudolph

Willis, Hattie
Willis, Louise

Chatham

Buckncr, Lizzie
Buckner, Johnnie
Cofigins, Eddie
Dixon, Lee O.
Durham, Grover
Durham, Oscar
Durham, Mary
Durham, Josie
Gaines, Molly Margaret
King, William
Landrcth, E. M. Jr.
Neal, Hilda
O'Kelly, Ida
Partin, ."^ddie
Partin, Betty
Williams, Joe
Williams, Mary

Cherokee

Anderson, Ruby
Armes, William
Beavers, Glenn
Birchticid, Marie
Brendle, Harley C.
Bryson, Porter
Clonts, Hayden
Davis, Horner
Davis, Harva
Dockery, J. B.
Huggins. Lida
McCandless, William
McCandless, Kathleen
McCIure, Annie B.
Murphy, Allen Bruce
Phillips, Jack
Thomason, Nell

Chowan

Parker, Kathleen
Winslow, Essie

Clay

Crawford, Alvin
Kernea, Fred
Wood, Andrew J.

Cleveland

Allison, Jimmie H.
Barrett, Rachel Faye

(140)

Biggerstaff, John A.
Black. Delia
Black, Georgia
Blanton. Hashell
Bowen, J. R.
Bridges, Lewis
Callahan, James
Callahan, Edgar
DeYenny, Theron
Dixon, Emma
Dorsey, Nanny
Edwards. Shirley Mae
Gladden, Donnie
Hames, Ted
Hamrick, Thomas
Harrill. Jack
Hendrick, Boyd
Herndon, George
Hope, Zeldia
Hope. Buster
Jolly, Welley
Jones, Charlie
McSwain, Carver
McSwain, Buford
Miller, Hugh
Miller, Robert
Miller, .Andrew
Miller, Walter
Milligan, Amy P.
Nanny, Dorsey
Parker, Effie
Ray, Alton
Revels, Margaret
Rich. Bertha
Rich. Jennie
Richard, Ronald
Self, Boyd

Self, Charlie Warren
Turner, Cecil
Whetstine, Lillian
Whisenant, Virgic
Wood, .Andrew
Wright, Hoylc
Wright, Gertie L.
Wright, Hayward
Wright, Lorene

Columbus

.Applewhite. Geo W.
Best, Ernest
Bill, Dora
Bowen, Herbert

1845

Education of the Deaf in North Carolina ~ 1945

Britt. \idalia

Burchctt, James Edward

Coleman, Day

Coleman, Frosty

Cox, Spencer

Ciimbec. Bernie

Dew, Sims

Dew, Cola

Dew, Wessell

Fowler, John

Fowler. Dollie

Fowler, Ida

Fowler, Homer

Gore, Bertha

Gore. Rufus

Hinson, David

Hinson, Evelyn

Long. Goley

Long, Vance,

Miller. Bill

Miller. Jack

Millinar, Walter

Millinar. John

Xoble, Hanes

Pierce, .-Mice

Prince, Retha M.

Sales, Francis

Sellers. Burrus

Smith. Eunice

Soles, Dorus

Stanly. Ermine Mary

Stevens. Oscar

Strickland. Frosty

Ward. Ruby

Watts, Edder

Worley. Walter

Worley. Johnson

Craven

Gautier. Mary
Kirkman, William
McLawhorn, Ben
Slaughter, Buyrl
Watson, Dorothy
Watson, Marshall

Cumberland

Bishop, Charles
Brigman. Cecil

Carter, Marv

Carter, Sewley
Carter. Minnie
Garden, Grover
Canady, Gene
Canady, Dovie
Creel, Frankie
Culbreth, Stephen
Culbreth, Julius
Edge Randie
Faircloth, Ivey
Faircloth, Phoebe
Fillyaw, Jessie
Fillyaw, Marion C.
Godfrej-, Seldon
Hall, \icky
Howard, Ruth
Matthews. Rudell
McCcrquodale. Madison
Neal. Kathleen
Patterson. Sara
Patterson. Lena
Phipps. Corina
Register, Burton
Riddle. F'ora
Robinson. Elsie May
Rcbinson. John Xoble
Smith. S. Erastus
Stein, Sadie
Strickland, John Jr.
Strickland. Mary
Wells, Jesse
West. Emma L.

Currituck

Cartwright, Shelton
Gallop. Clara
Gallop. Lawrence
Watertield. Richard

Dare

.Austin. Ulysses Crowder
Austin. Glenda
Murphy. Spencer
Scarborough. James
Scarborough. Lonnie
Scarborough. Mary

Davidson

.Mien, Jo .Ann
Bean. Hczwkiah
Berrier. Daisy
Brinkley, Edna
Brinkely. Elwood

(141)

Brinkley. Wayne
Caldwell. Henry .\.
Davis. Ruby
Fritts. Jesse Jones
Gallimore. Jessie
Gallimore, Elmer
Gallimore, Lester
Gallimore, Carrie
Gallimore, Ray
Gallimore, Joyce
Hcdrick, Hayes
Hedrick, Howard
Hilton, Eva
Hilton, Xona
Hilton. Wayne
Jones, James
Lambeth. John Worth
Lecnard. Kenneth
Meachum, Joe M.
Michael, Evelyn
Miller, Mary P.
Myers. Mar\-
Phillips. Bain
Rule. \'crnon
Scarlett. Hilliard
Seagroves, Edgar
Snider. Roy
Starnes. George
Thomas, Hattie H.
Thcmason. Willie
Tise. .Andrew C.
Varner. Effie

Davie

Bohannon. Irene
Gartner. Roy
Call, Vestal
Danner. Louise
McClamrcck, Mary
Miller. Edward
Myers. John
Taylor. Paul Linney

Duplin

.\lbertson. Samuel
Bartlctt, Victor!.!
Bell, .\nnie
Brinson. \'erta
Clark. Joshua
Cox. Dorothy Frances
Coley. Earl
Davis. Luther Carroll
Hall. Corbett

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Hall, Benjamin
Hatcher, Howard
Hatcher, James
Houston, James
Jones, Frances
King, Maggie
King, Leonard
Kconce, Cecil
Marcady, Linwood
Mashborn. David
Millard, McJoel
Myers, Sue
Parker, Mattic
Parker, Andrew J.
Parker, Mclinda C.
Parker, Elina
Raynor, Tuth
Rouse, Joe
Rouse, Lee
S\immerlin, Walter F.
Taylor, Robert S.
Watkins, Newton
Walters. Rose
Whaley, Mary Alice

Durham

An^ier, Seviers P.
Ashley, Lucy Pearl
Boyd, Daisy
Brown, Sallie
Campbell, Hettie
Carden, Mary
Crabbc, Willis G.
Dermott, John E.
Dickson, Lyon
Duncan, Sandy
Edmundson, Peggy
Fuciuay, Ella
Gardner, Daisy
Gardner, William
Glenn, Lizzie
Glenn. Norma
Greenburg, Fannie
Harrell, Earl B.
Harwood, Glendora
Hopson, Harvey
Lindsay, Tommy
McCorquodale, Rosa
McCorquodale, Ethel
McCorquodale, Lillie
McFarland, Lindsey
Moore, Edw"ard L.

Morrison, Dorothy
NeNlson, Emma
Nichols, Eugene
O'Brien, Peggy Louise
Partin, George W.
Perkins, Pauline
Pickett, William
Stroud, Willie
Thomas, Hattie Ma\'
Tilley, Florrie
Tillman, Autney
X'andergrift, John F.
Whaley, Ruby
Williford, Ruby
Yates, Doris

Edgecombe

Barnes, Agnes
Brake, Cleveland
Brown, James
Bullock, Robert
Cale, Carey
Frazier, Billie
Goff, Thomas
Henning, Lois
Herring, Russell
Hyman, .Mice M.
Hyman, Clifton
Leonard, Irene
McKennzie, Juanita
Price, Ethel Lee
Robinson, Bascom
Turner, .■Mice Ellen
Wamsley, Charles
Watson, Virginia
Whitley, Thurman
Whitley, Isolene
Willis, Gelia

F'airmont

Bullock, Pearl

Forsyth

Beeson, Elizabeth
Binklcy, Leroy
Campbell. Herbert
Coltrane, Pearl
Crutchfield, George
Crulchfield, John E.
Crutchfield, Edgar
Crufchtield, Paul B.
Crutchfield, Ralph P.

(142)

Crater, Earleen
Edwards, Wilbur
Ferris. Beulah
Forest, Gordon
Godfrey, Mary
Hampton. Maggie
Hill. Donald Lee
Holt. Rufus
Horn, Dorothy
Johnson, James
Kiger, Hilda
Lawrence, Obediah
Long, Van
Marshall, Margie
Marshall, Nonie
McGee. Paulette
Morgenroth, Fred
Norman, Dick
Ovcrby, Cecil
Peeples, Howard
Pike. Mary
Pike, Clarence
Pike, John D.
Powell, Odell
Powell, Shuford
Reed, Daisy
Reeves, Grady-
Reeves, Helan
Sanders, Henry
Shore. Herbert
Spach. Bertha
Tate. Walter
Turner, Virginia
Tuttle. Elbert
Tuttle. Marvin
Walker, Maxine
Walker, Harry
Walker. Nell Hope
Warren, Loraine
White. Joe
White. Mildred
White. Sterling
Willard. William Rassie
Williams, Helen
Womack. P'lizabeth
Womack, Bessie
Womack, Nelson
Viung. John W.

Franklin

Bunn, Rodney T.
Bunn. Luther

1845 ~ Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

Evans. Joseph
Hacwood. Percy
Harris, Joseph
Holden, Benjamin
Leonard, \erna
Parrish, Cleary D.
Robertson, James M.
Sherian, Ernest
Sherian, OUie \V.
Sherian, .Allen
Sherian, Eufzene
Tharrinpton, Gaynelle
Upchurch, Estelle
Upchurch, Otis
West, Nina E.
Wood. Sallie

Gates

Crawford. Lucy E.
Eure, Sarah Emily
Green, Huel
Owens, Emmett

Gaston

Barber, Betty
Blanton, John
Braswell, Donald
Chandler, J. Ervin
Cline. Billie
Costner, Tcm
Davis, John
Dye, Jean
Earney, William
Ferguson, Richard
Herron, Virgil
Holbrook, John
Howard. Minor
Huffsettler. Roberta
James. Marie
Lineberger. Carrie
Moore. Eugene
Plonk. Beverly
Plonk, Ellis Craig
Reagon. Jack
Saunders. Charlene
Saunders. Truitt
Smith. Charles E.
Smith. Ralph
Stepps, John
Stroup. Frank
Summit. Spurgeon -
Weaver. William

Weaver. John Walden
Weaver. .Ann

Graham

Cable. Howard
Collins. Otis
Dunn. Iva
Edwards. Harry
Millsaps, Ruby Jean
Waldrop, Otis

Granville

Blackwell. George
Cash. Bractor
Chandler. Emma
Fleming. Nina
King, W. Spencer
McFarland, Lillian
Royster, John
Speed, .Annie
Wilkerson, Kate
Wooding, Henry

Greene

Butts, Marvin
Carraway, Mildred
Lang. Nannie
Shackleford, Richard
Tyler, Charlie Lee

Guilford

.Albertson. Louise
Bailey. Bobby Lou
Binder, John Edwin
Brown, Robert
Brown, Ernest
Brown, Robert Lee
Calhoun, Bcnnie
Calhoun, Charlie
Calhoun, James
Carmichael, .Alice
Calhoun. Ollie
Campbell. Doris
Capes. Herbert
Capes. Kermit
Clark. Oliver
Cock. Raymond C.
Cobb. Eulalia
Ccstner. Eli Mofett
Davis. George
Douglass. Thomas
Dvkes. Ann

D\kes. Robert W.
Foust. .Allen
Gibbs. John W.
Gordon, .Ashburn
Gordon. Charles
Hall, Donald
Haithcock, Edgar Lee
Hanner, Hal C.
Harper. Conrad
Hunt. Ruby
Johnson. Inex
Kennctt. Robert
Kirkman. Mary J.
Kirkman. Hazel
Lambeth. Charles
Laws. Carol
Lester. Herman
Lowery. Willie
May, Beulah
Mayhew, Joe Elkins
McCuiston, Billy
McLees, Mary
Minetree. Mary Belle
Mitchell. Frank Ray
Moore. Blanche
Murray, Eugene
Newman, Emma Virginia
Pike, Emma
Pike, Numer Edsil
Pike. Hazel
Sharp, Mamie
Shepherd, Henry
Smith, Clark
Stacy. Margaret
Stewart. Margaret
X'aughn. James
Walker. Lillie
Whitakcr. Kenneth
Wilson. Lamar
Woodward. CharUe L.
Wright. Billy Sue

Halifax

.Andleton. Music
-Aycock. Leonard
Carlisle. Bessie
Council, Melvin
Harlow, Willie
Hawkins, Gertrude
Hux, Troy
Melvin, Louise
Moore, Richard

(143)

1894

-~ North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Moore, Earl
Nevvson, Rudolph
Pope, Car!
Tanner, Shelton
Wells, . Thomas
Wilson, Rollins
Whitaker, Horace
Woolen, Jessie Mae

Harnett

Benton, Troy Lee
Cobb, Jarvis
Cobb, Sandy
Cobb, Geraldine
Core. Donald
Dickens, Julian L.
Dickens, Lawrence
Ennis, Maude
Fowler, Edna
Hamilton, Irene
Hodges. Mary Anna
Hodges, Gladys
Horton, Ray
Johnson, Douglas
Mason, Pennic J.
Oliver, Doris
Parrish. Tyson
Smith, Forest
Strickland, Daisy
Tickner, Ruth
West. D'onald Leslie
West, Pharby
West, Mamie E.
Weed, WilMam C.

Haywood

Arlington, liartsell
Blaylock, Joseph
Camp, Everett
Davis, Eula
Davis, Thurman
Dollard, Jimmie
Ferguson, Jarvis
Greene, Weston
Henderson, Robert
King, Charles
Kirby, Earl
Kirby, Ruth
Kuykendall, Edgar
Leatherwood, Jack
Leatherwood, Sarah
Mason, Maxine

Mease, Emma Lee
Nelson, Ruby
Reece, Helen
Reece, lona
Reece, Louis
Reece, OUver
Reece, Oscar
Ricks, Charles
Scay, Harmon
Taylor, Lorenzo
Tittle, Frank
Williamson, Edith

Henderson

Ballard, Pauline
Barnett, Sallie
Bradley, Betty
Brock, Mildred
Flasher, Guy
Garren, Joanna
Guice, James Monroe
Hclbert, Fern
Lance, William J.
Lance, Wilma
Phillips, William E.
Sentell, Carl
Sentell, Eugene
Shipman, George Edward
Stepp, Cora Lee
Waldrop, Etham

Hertford

Black, Vivian
Forbes, Luther
Holloman, Esther
Jones, Lewis
Wilder, Cleveland
Wilder, Grover

Hoke

Chambers, Clyde
Clark, John Pershing
McFayden. Angus
Moore, Pender
Smith, Lois

Hyde

Brooks, Golden
Harris, Willis
O'Neal, Adclphus
O'Neal, Millard
O'Neal, Mary

(144)

Iredell

Brown, Demmie
Christie, Wilham
Danner, Maggie
Freeze, May
Grant, Bucy Lee
Harris, James D
Holland, Paul C.
Jacks, Carl
Jenkins, Halcic W.
Johnson, Reid
Mann. Benny
Miller, Edith
Morrison, Paul
Morrison, George
Morrison, Hunter
Nicholson, Leslie
Ostvvalt, Mamie E.
Perry, Grace
Ramsey, Charles
Ramsey, Delia
Rash, Tyre
Steelman, Mamie
Stewart, Roy
Suther, Eulalia

Taylor, Martha
Troutman, Eva L.
Turner, Douschka

Jackson

Brown, Augustus
Cook, Margaret
Cowan, Trotter
Crawford, Minnie
Hanner, David
Morgan, Griffin
Morrison, Sallie
Paxton, Miriam
Presslcy, Buford
Queen, William A.
Queen, Ansel R.
Slatten, Ira
Slattcn, William
Smith, Lillian

Johnston

Barefoot, Aldon
Batten, Mary Eliz;d)elh
Batten, William
Batten, Floyd
Braswell, John

1845 — Kducation of the Deaf in North Carolina —

194S

Crocker, Richard
I)a\'is, Carroll
Kriwarcls. Elma
Ellis, Virginia
(Jrcsory, Hobart
Hinnant, Leslie
Hodges, Lcola May
Holmes, Mary Jane
Ingram, Ruth
Johnson, Hugh
Lambert, .-Ml red
Lee, Dorothy
Lee. Florence
Lucas, James
Matthews, X'crta
Parker, Waddell
Peeden, Bertha Jo
Raynor, Norma
Rhodes, James Wilson
Vinson, John Roland
Woodard, Melvin
Young, Lottie Ellen
Young, John Delma

Jones

Jones, Ida
Jones, Xora
Morton, Aileen

Lee

Buchanan, Lonnie Max
Crabtree, Dallas
Dowd, Freeman
Holder, Doris Dell
Lee, Rosalyn
Maddox, \'elvine
Morrison, Madk E.
Riddle. James
Riddle, L.-iha E.
kiddle, Peggy
Thomas, Clyde
Thomas, Mary Rose

Lenoir

Baker, Beaty
Brown, Charlie
Brown, Thelma
Cockerel!, Earl
Corbett, Melvin .-Xrthur
Corbctt, Rosa Lee
Fordham, Cecil
Fordham, Grover

Hardison, \'ernon
Herbert, Grace
Jackson, Nannie E.
Johnson, Leslie
Kennedy, Linster
Kennedy, George
Kennedy, Herman
Mozingo, Mary
Murphy, Ray
Pate, Eva
Pate, Laura Ellen
Russell, Lillian
Smith, Mildred
Stroud, Nannie E.
Stroud, Lottie
Taylor, Hazel
Taylor, Mark
\'ick, Lucille
West. Julian

Lincoln

Healiier, Joe
Leonard, Carroll L.
Little, Elsie
Mauny, Mary
Mauny, Hannah
McAlister, Everette W.
Miller, Horace
Munday, Annie Fay
Munday. Charlie
Proctor, Blair
Reinhardt,
Self, lola
Sigmon, Daisy
Sigmon, Calvin Leroy
Walker, Julius
Whiteside, Virginia
Whiteside, Paul
Whitncr, Louise
Withers, Lucy
Wooding, Oscar

Macon

Jones, Willie
Jones, Elmer
Ledford, \'ernon Paul
Stockton, Myrtle
Williamson. Judson

Madison

.■Xrrington, Joe
.■\rrington. Nelson

(145)

Banks, Mabel
Bishop, Faye
Brown, Nellie
Chandler, Mary Bland
Crowder, Cecil
Franklin, Harvey
King, Corpus
King, Raleigh
Landers. Benjamin
Landers, Olivet
Marshbanks, Robert
Ramsey, C. P.
Ray, Arville
Roberts, Eva Nell
Sams, Virgie
Scales, George
Shelton, Oscar
Shelton, Thomas
Shelton, Covell
Shelton, Cora
Shelton, Lillie
Shelton, Clyde
Shelton, Oliver
Smith, Paul
Stanton, Paul
Wallin, Guy

Martin

Deadman, Lucille
Edmundson, Linwood
Edmundson, Lucille
Edmundson. Jerome
Edmundson, Woodrow
Everett, Simon D.
Hines, Evelyn
Holliday, Haywood
Jones, Sarah
Moore, Louis
Moore, Crissie
Perry, Edna Earl
Roebuck, Shepherd
Simpson. Blanche
Taylor, Curtis
Thomas, Cctil
Wobbleton, James
W>nn. W. O. Jr.

McDowell

Belk, Jas. H. Jr.,
Bradley, Chas. B.
Bradley, Morgan
Fortune, Roma

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Goforth, Bertha
Harris, Broughton
Hunter, Oscar
Lavendar, Thomas
McCall, Sarah L. P.
McCurry, Rebbecca
McCurry, Bettie
York, Laura

Mecklenburg

Baker, Bertie
Beaver, Roscoe
Bigham, Emma L.
Bigham, Little
Briggs, Helen
Brooks, J. C.
Broom, Walter Elliott
Brown, Tom
Brown, Charles Jr.
Brown. P'ranklin
Brown, Richard
Burgess, Ramona
Carper, Mozelle
Cox, Freddie
DeVenny, Hugh Edelen
DeVenny, Robert
Dorsey, Henry
Ezell, Ruth
Falls, Clifton
Fincher, Mildred
Foster, Woodrow
Graham, James
Graves, Ella
Griffin. Hugh .
Hedrick, Pauline
Henderson, Ross
Herron, Mack
Ingram, Maud
Julian, Elizabeth
Knox, Kathleen
LeGrand, Maggie
McCall, Charles
McCord, William
Merritt, Ernest
Mikacl, Jewell
Odell, Charles
Pace. Mildred
Phillips, .Ada
Phillips, \ander
Pierce. Bertha
Presnell, Jerry
Privettc, Barbara Ann

Readling. Elsie
Robertson, John R.
Robinson, Jack
Routh, Margaret Ann
Rozzelle, Jefferson
Rozzelle, Mattic
Sease, Mary Elizabeth
Shackleford, Claude
Shields, Helen
Smith, Thomas Franklin
Stevens, Vera Lee
Stewart, EUzabeth
Suttle, George William
Vanderburg, Eloise
Watts, Lizzie
Wcarn. Maggie
West, Hunter Robert
White, Bessie D.
White, May A.
Williamson, Joe Reid
Wilson, George W.
York, Sammie

Mitchell

.\utrey, John Ra'iih
Autrey, Dan
Bennett, June
Burleson, Grace
Campbell, McKinley
Correll, Rettie
Dale, Guy
Edwards, Sinclair
Franklin, J. Parker
Garland, William
Glenn, Mary Ruth
Green, Nellie
Greene, Georgia
Green, Ncah W.
Grindstaff, Thelma
Haney, Cline
Jones, Wyatt
Mace, Fred
McKinney, James
Stout, Velna
Wilcox, Bertie L.

Montgomery

Britt, Robert
Davis, Pearl
Gibson, Barney
Hight, Brantley
Lewis, Fred T.

(146)

Lowder, Jason
Luck, Warren
Luck, Tate
Needham, Mattie
Owen, Carson CUo
Saunders, Dora
Shoe, Burt
Stephens, Winfred
Wade, J. Claude

Moore

Boyd, Hugh
Bradshaw. Ruby
Deaton, Lorene
Freeman, .Avis
Jones, .Aggie
Lovett, Minnie
McDonald, Adell
McKenzie, Lillie
McKenzie, Pearl
McKenzie, Daniel
Monroe, Guy
Pope, John W. E.
Riddle, j. McGoo.hvin
Seawell, Willie
Sheffield, Catherine
Sheffield, Barney
Sheffield, Margaret
Sheffield, Pearl
Spivey, Rosa
Thomas, Lillian

Nash

Barnes. Moe
Bunn, .Annie Belle
Carlisle, Lillian
Collie, Estelle
Cooper, Mary Magdalene
Cooper. Rudolph
Cooper, Thelma
Cooper, Lois
Davis, Rochellc
Davis, Clifford
Finch, Isabel
Gupton, Pearl
Joyner, Selva
Pridgeon, Otis
Revis. Nellie
Rhodes. Elmira
Stone. Raymond
Winstead. Nellie
Womble, Ruth

1845

Education of the Deaf in Xorth Carolina ~ 1945

New Hanover

Alderman. W. Linwood
Croom, Bessie Lou
Dickinson. Gcoree
Farrow. Nancy L.
Fryar, Walter-
Johnson. Charles T.
Justice, Leo
Lewis, MoUie
Maultsby, Rayinond
McCarthy, George B.
Mintz, Edmond
Phipps, Elbert Ray
Reaves, .\cey
Swann. Jimmie
Taylor, James
Walker. Frances
Watson, Lula May
Wricht, Ernest

Northampton

Acree, Rosalee
.Mien, Sidney
Barnes, Matt
Bass, Howard Lee
Bracy, Walter
Bracy, Earl
Bridges, Winnie
Collier. Bailey
DeLoath. John
DeLoath. Julia
Knight. Jessie N.
Lane. James .A. Jr.
Lassiter. John C.
Parker. Quindolyn
Stanly, Jack
\ick. Ruth

Onslow

Brite. William Clifton
Farnell. Edward
Howard. Carlton
Hudson. Estelle
Huffman. Eva
King, Gideon
Millis, Myrtle J.

Orange

Honeycutt, Hilda
Riggsbee. .-Mma
Stephens, Guy
Wilson, W. .Anderson
Wilson, Nellie

I'amiico

Flowers. Zella
Gaskins, Lora
Gatling, Reginald
Galling, .^sa
Green, Mandley
Harris, David
Leary, Nancy
Newton, Leather
Newton, Elizabeth
Yokely. Roy Jr.

Pasquotank

Brothers. Stella
Hooper, Matt R.
Horton, Carneiga
Murden, Spruill
Plemmcns. Lois
Scarborough, Elmer

Pender

Harper. John
Henderson. Asahel
Jordon, Ivey
Larkins. John
Smith, Mamie
Smith, Maude

Person

Chandler, Ray
Chandler, Dewey
Clayton, Henry
Clayton, Lorese
Shotwell, Mary Elizabeth
Smith, Robert
\'an Hook, Bobby
Walker, .Andrew-
Walker. Henry B.
Wilbourne, Jeanie

Pitt

.\dams, Lena May
Anderson. Willie
Anderson, Linda
Bowers, Graham
Burgps, Helen
Butts, Charles
Calton, James
Cuthrell, Sadie
EUis, Melvin
Gardner, William C.
Gladson, .Agnes
James, John
James, Calton

(147)

Jones. Irma May
Joyner, Robert
Kennedy, Mary G.
Key, June
Lockamy, Richard
Moore, James R.
Morrill, Jenness
Morrill, David
Parker. Martha Rachel
Simons, Edith
Smith. Emily
Stokes, Bruce
Tucker. Winfield
Weathington. Walter
Whichard. Hattie
Whitehurst. Robert
Whitehurst, WilHe

Polk

Edwards, EUa
Owens, Estelle
Richard, J. T.
Swann, Roy
Thompson, Virginia

Randolph

Bean, Earnell
Brown, Mary Ruth
Bulla. Nancy
Cox. Bessie
Cox. Mary Rachel
Craven. Rassie
Ferree. Nclma
Fox. Thomas
Hackney. William
Hamilton. Vernon
Hudson, Elkin
Jarrell, Benjamin
Jarrell. Henry
Johnson, Sarepta
Leach, Frank
Morley, Thomas
Parham, Terry
Poole. Millicent E.
Poole, Reid
Poole, Alfred D.
Pugh, Frank
Ragan. Myrtle
Reams, Asa
Shockley, Willie A.
Spivey, Rena C.
Stuart. Lester
Tavlor. Robert

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Richmond

Broun, John L.
Clark, Jennie
Dixon, L. Bee
Gibson, James
Jones, Blanche
Jones, Jennie
McKimmon, Mary M.
Wright, Willie

Robeson

Bunnneli, Mary
Bunnell, Nina
Canady, George
Canady, Carolus
Canady, Lettie B.
Caulk, Sallie
Coley, Emma
Cox, George Edward
Hammond, Edna
HuKgins, Daniel
Kinlaw, Wallace
McCormick. Walter
McCormick, Neil
McLean, Charles
McKenzie, Charles
Nunnery, \'iolet
Parker, Adrian
Parnell, Nona M.
Parnell, Sarah C.
Prevatt, Dolah
Prevatt, Orpah
Pridgeon, Viola
Riddle, Edna Ruth
Riddle, Lowell
West, Morris Trenton
Woodell, Robert
Woodell, Agnora
Woodell, Nora

Rockingham

Blackwell, Annie F.
Blackwell, Evelyn
Blackwell, Gladys
Blackwell, Bernice
Brann, Carrie
Carroll, Leander
Dabbs, Laura
Dabbs, O'Neal
Eaton, Lewis
Farrow, Dewey
Grogan, Bessie
Hege, Helen

Howell, Edward
Johnston, Faye
Knight, Mary Lee
Martin, John Ray
Merritt, Juanita
Mills, Julius
Odell, Floyd
Pruitt, Calvin C.
Roberts, Elizabeth
Tilley, Kate
Tilley, Ola
Tilley, Carl
Tilley, Frank
Tinnin, William
York, Willie

Rowan

Bailey, George
Beaver, Carrie
Blackwell, Annie
Childers, Walter
Cooley, Nelson
Cruse, Daniel
Deadman, Blanche
Falls, Dorothy
Gobble, Warren
Gobble, Gaither
Grubb, Alfaretta
Honey cutt, E>avid
Huffman, Laura
Humphreys, Gertrude
Husscy, Pauline
Ketner, Edith
Ketner, Frank
Ketner, Clarence
Kylcs, James
Lazenby, Avery
Lazenby, Hugh
Lentz. Gilmer Lee
McLaughlin, John
Misamor, Melvin M.
Morris, Maude
Patterson, Jessie
Peeler, Mary Betty
Rogers. Effie
Rufty, Bert Dee
Sccrcv, Barbara Ann
She].)hard, Mack
Small, Ruth
Stoner, Ruth
Trexler, Adolphus S.
Whirkiw, Robert C.

(148)

Rutherford

Baynard, Ada
Biggerstaff, Alvin
Biggerstaff, Kelly
Biggerstaff, Robert
Brady, Etta
Carter, Maydie May
Cooper, Arnold B.
Dixon, James
Downey, Oliver J.
Downey, Ola J.
Eubanks, Golden
Hamrick, Maynard
Hardin, Alice
Harris, Garland
Hudgins, Charlie O.
Lookadoo, Lome
Millard, Mack
Moore, Nathan
Poole, Lynda
Putnam, Mallory W.
Stainback, Charles E.
Williams, Starr
Withrow, Frances

Sanip.son

Autrey, Lillian
Bishop, Herbert
Butler, Ward Beecher
Carroll, John
Grumpier, Billy
Faircloth, Romulus
Fann, Naola
Hales, Marshall
Highsmith, David
Honeycutt, Estella
Johnson, Lucy Gray
Mashborn, Marvin
McLamb, Ethel
Pope, Sam
Radford, Christine
Sessoms, Marion
Sewell, Wauline
Simmons, Stella
Simmons R. Mary
Simmons, Bessie
Sinmions, Elma Gray
Smith, Earl
Smith, Wiley
Williams, William Stuart
Williams, Ulmont
Williams, J. Stuart

1845 — Education of the Deaf in Xortii Carolina ~ 1945

Scotland

Bass. Owen
Brown. Emma
Brown. I.andy
Brown, John W. .
Chavis. Lindbergh
Laniiley, Hubert
Langlcy. Lonnie
Laviner. William

Stanly

.\ustin, .Alonzo
Barfield, Sami'cl F.
Bcwers, Mary
Brooks, Sam
Efird, .Eileen
Frazier, Vertie
Furr. Eldridpe
Hartsell. Daisy
Hartsell, Sophrona M.
Hartsell, Alonzo
Hartsell. Mummie
Harwood. Charles
Hurt. Pearl
Jenkins, Deris
Kendall. Eva
Lisenbery, Susan
Maner, Wesley
Morton, Clyde
Pase, Rosa May
Poplin. .Amanda
PopHn, Mary Eillie
Ritchie, Truedell
Shoe, William
Shoe, Delphia
Tucker, Lillie
Ward, Wm. Thomas
Ward, James
Whitley. Alma

Stokes

Cain, Henry
Cain, Miller
Cain. Robert
Cain. William
Eaton. Ella
Eaton. John
Hutchinson, James
Xeedham, Harold
Nelson, .Angela
Smith. Frances E.
Smith, X'ernon

Southern, Catherine
Turner. Cclia
Tyson, Charles
Watson, Mildred
Willard, Bessie
Wright, John Henry

Surry

Burton. Cassie M.
Byrd. Charles
Childress, Leo
Cook, Daisy Ann
Cook, Ella
Cook, Emma
Cook, Tony
Cook, William L.
Cook, Louetta
Cook, Leonard
Cook, Seldon
Crissman, Richard
Doss, Xezic
Flincham, Edith Marie
Flynn, Jacob
Flynn, Joyce
Fowler, Ora
Gentry, McCree
Hill, Susie
Jarvis, Lydia M.
Jessup, Joseph
Jones, George A.
Marshall, Anne
Mooney, Raleigh
Moore. Catherine
Park. Sarah
Pruitt, Robert C.
Reich, Ralph
Scott, John
Scott, Jack
Settle, Ardie
Shook, Ruth
Simpson, Grace
Stcne, John
Tide, James
W'illard, Thelma
Welfe, Viola

Swain

Bird, Joel M.
Davis. Grady
DeLozier. Alberta
Enloe. Bert
Gibson. Ernest
Higdon. Ethel

(149)

ll\att. Belle
Lindsay, Harnett
McHan. Edna
Mills, Wilmer
Plemmens, Lois Elizabeth
Robinson, Fannie
Robinson, Bertie
Sutton, Wade

Transylvania

Barnes, Paul
Brown, Henry F.
Calhoun, Mackie
England, .Arthur David
Mull, Emma
Mull, Anna
Smith, Gene
Thomas, Clara
Whitmire, Shipman
Zachary, Ophelia

Tyrrell

.Alexander, Doris
.Armstrong, Frank
Hassell, Marjorie
Swain, Lucille
White, Alonzo

Union

Baucom, Clonnie
Belk, Warren
Biggers. Ethel
Eason, Ada
Eason, \'ictor
Fowler, Annie Frances
Hargett, Morris C.
Haywood, Virgie
Helms, Louise
Helms. Etta
Henry, Reuben
Keziah, William
King, Dorothy
Simpson, Viola
Starnes, Joseph
Starnes, Lillian
Stewart, Lenna
Thomas, Maltie
Thomas. Carrie
Williams. Chloe

Vance

Ellington. Bud
Gill, Bessie

1894

North Carolina School for the Deaf

1944

Gill, Minnie
Hedrick, N'audie
Hnyle, Mabel
Jones, D. Melville
Pendergrass, Clara
Roberts, Clarence
Sox, Cecil
Sox, Landy
Turner, Bettie D.

Wake

Askew, James
Baugh, Willis
Biillman, Ayecal
Bunch, Carl
Carter, Elsie
Celey, Dorothy
Celey, Mildred
Celey, Muriel
Council, Joseph A.
Cosby, William
Creel, Nola
Duke, Horace
Duncan, William
Dunn, Annie Virginia
Eakes, Malcolm
Edwards, Blanche
Finch, Gray
Fleming, Alice
Gordon, Janie
Hagwood, Mary
Holbrook, Charlie
Jackson, Harvey
Jenkins, Matthew T.
Jones, Edna
Kemp, Blonnie
McGhee, J. Sidney
Morris, Joan
Poole, Grover C.
Poole, Virginia
Poole, Mary
Powell, Edrith
Primrose, Eliza
Richardson, Mattie
Scagrovcs, H. J.
Scnter, Wray
Sherron, Clara E.
Smith, Marvin
Spencer, Leonard
Stevens, Mary
Undcrhill, Odie
Uzzel, Jessie

Wilkins, Ruby Mae
Williams, Forest
Wiiodell, Thomas
Wooten, Madeline

Washington

Conkhn, Pauline
Davis, Chester
Dunbar, Helen P.
Harrison, Leslie
Hopkins, Sarah
Hopkins, Henry
Hopkins, Harry
Hopkins, John
Lcary, Elizabeth C.
Phelps, James
Sexton, Emily Gray

Warren

Faucett, Julia
Myrick, Joseph
Overby, John F.
Overby, James M.
Overby, Matildah
Shearin, Amy
Stewart, John F.
Sullivan, Edgar
Vaughn, Jule
Williams, Jonas
Williams, Joe
Wilson, Andrew
Wilson, Wilton
Wilson, Wilbur

Watauga

Barlow, Maude
Brady, Emma
Eggers, Eunella
Eggers, Wilson
Fletcher, Don
Fletcher, Eugene
Fletcher, Albert
Fletcher, Faye
Fletcher. Charlie
Gragg, Ida
Greene, Jean
Greene, Pcgg.\'
Guy. Julia
Henson, Minnie
Kerley, Patty
McGuire. J. Monroe
MiUf-r. Lcona

(150)

Robinson, Helen Jean
Stories, Beulah
Taylor, Bobby Dean
Triplett, William F.
Wilson, Donally

Wayne

Adams. Woodard
Anderson, Maggie E.
Aycock, Herman
Balkcum, Edward
Capps, Eva
Casey, Dorothy
Copeland, Nannie
Coker, Milton
Coley, Edward
Dail, Edward
Glisson, Ernest
Grantham, Hiram
Gufford, Irene
Hare, Walter
Henson, Lela
Herring, Selma
Hinson, Leha
Ingram, Gordon
Jones, Martha E.
Lane, M. Butler
Langley, Willie W.
McCulUn, Fannie
Millard, George
Millard, James
Mozingo, James R.
Neal, Chester
Oliver, Smithie
Raines, Albert
Sasser, Agnes
Sasser, Alfred
Smith, Dennie
Spively. Lula
Spivey John
Spivey, William
Spivey, Bessie L.
Stevens, Edith
Summerlin, Cliarlotte D.
Summerlin, Etta Louise
Taylor, Walter
Taylor, Arthur
Whitley, Shirley Ann
Whitley, Mary Rose
WilHams, Mildred V.

1845 ~ Education of the Deaf in North Carolina — 1945

Wilkes

Absher, Richard
Anderson, Hotly Sue
Barber, Gerald
Barlow, Claude
Barlow, John
Boyd, Buddy
Brown, Ernest
Childress, Jack
Church, Don
Church, Jesse
Colvord, Kenneth
Gambill, Bascomb
Gray, Lee Ellen
Hauser, Walter
Hawkins, Mae
Hendrix. Grover
Hendren, Turner
Johnson, Lament
Johnson, Robert
lohnson, \'ilas
Johnson, Delia
Johnson, Coma
Johnson, Mildred
Johnson, \'irginia
Johnson. Pauline
Johnson, Mary Ellen
Johnson, Rachel
Johnson, Marie
Justice, Glenn
Killough, Robert
Lovett, Frank
Mathis, Albert
Pearson, Charles
Pendergrass, Ethel May
Porter, Marcellus
Raymer, Coy
RoUens, Leonard

Walker, Tyre

Wilson, Esther Elizabeth

Wilson

B:iile\ , Betty Louise
Baker, Dorothy Jean
Barnes, Rozzelle
Batchelor, Mary
Bryant, Edrena
Farrior, Jonathan
Hood, Waverly
Lamm, Dolly
Land, Raymond
Pace, Gordon P. Jr.
Skinner, Robert Lee
Smith, Doris
Taylor, Glad>s Mae
Wells, William
Williford, Inez
Winstead, Frances A.
Winstead, Gerald
Winstead, Rudolph
Woodard, William

Yadkin

.•\dams, Larry
Bowman. Billy
Hemric, Paul
Hudson, Clarence
Hudson, Henry
Hutchins, Wesley
Matthews, Vernice
Meyers, .Addie
Mickles, Joy
Scott, Gracie
Sheltcn, Waller
Shellon. Glenn
Sizemore, Gernev E.

Sizcmore. Dewey
Tucker, Harrison
\eslal, Charlie C.
Vestal, James M.
Wishon, Wallace

Yancey

.Autrey, Ralph
Ballew, Fait
B levins, Wile\'
Butner, Sammie
Byrd, Cora
Gibbs, J. Nelson
Green, Myrtle
Griffith, Reba
Hampton, Wade
Hampton, Woodford
Hampton, Craig
Hensley, Roy
Ledford, Ward
McCurry, Lola
Miller, Dan
Passcns, Grace
Penland, Everelte
Peterson, Rassie
Ray, Rosaetta
Ray. Lucy
Riddle, I ew is
Robinson, Kathleen
Silver, .\lphonse
Wilson, Fred
Wyatt, Joseph
Young, John

Dunn, Judson Carey
Little, Alice
McCall, Hazel
Wilton, .Alice Ray

(151)

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STATE LIBRARY OF NORTH CAROLINA

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3 3091 00739 0388

PRINTCO IN USA.

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Full text of "The North Carolina School for the Deaf at Morganton, 1894-1944 : the education of the deaf in North Carolina, 1845-1945"

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