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lODK  ltI\(>ER>;  ; 


~~^ 


NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


FOURTH    SERIES— VOL.    IV. 


7/^3 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 


jKetfCum  of  lnter«CommunC(atCon 


FOB 


LITERARY  MEN,  GENERAL  READERS,  ETC. 


"  When  fonnd,  make  a  note  of." —  Captain  Cuttlb. 


FOURTH      SERIES.  —VOLUME     FOURTH. 


July — December  1869. 


LONDON 

PUBLISHBD  AT  THB 

OFFICE,    43    WELLINGTON    STREET,    STEAND,    W  C. 

1869. 


4<''  3.  IV.  JcLT  3,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  3,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  79. 

NOTES :  —  Carnao  :  a  Xew  Key  to  be  Tried  to  a  very  Rusty 
Old  Lock.  1  —  Pieces  from  Manuscripts,  No.  V.,  6  —  The 
'*  Tauroholium  "  and  "  Kriobolium,"  76.— Important  Bibli- 
cal Discovery.  Ic.  7  — Victor  Hugo  on  Ei'glisii  Proper 
Names—  Halter-D.-vil  Chapel,  Derbyshire  —  Ascension- 
day  (^^ustora  ill  Florence— Heyre— Ring  of  Twelve  Bells 
at* York  —  lyck.v's  "History  of  Morals":  Addison  — 
Mason  and  (..'ampbell.  8. 

QUERIKS :— Bally  -  Sir  John  Beaumont  —  Camel— Bishop 
Hob^^rt  Ferrar  —  Island  of  Fonseca  —  Ghost  Stories  — 
Early  Graves  at  Barnet-by-Ic-Wold  —Journals  of  the  late 
Mr.  Hunter  —  I'arodies  — The  Playfair  Family  -  Peter 
Pombas  -  Quotations  wanted  —  Rusby  or  Rushby  —  A 
Severe  Couplet:  Nova  Scotia  Baronets  —  Simpson  — 
Samu'l  Sp«'»'d,  Author  of  "Prison-Pietie"- The  Sudereys 

—  "  Vicar  of  Bray,"  10. 

QuEBn?s  WITH  Answers:  — The  I^adies  of  Llangollen — 
"Castas  in  the  Air"  — German  Names  of  Days  of  the 
Week  —  Copyright  —  Dcnys  Godefroi,  12. 

REPLIES:- William  Combe,  Author  of  "The  Tours  of 
J)r.  Syntax,"  14 -The  Works  of  William  Combe,  15  — 
Anns  of  the  Pala»ologi.  Emperors  of  Constantinople.  16  — 
Mithraism.  lb.-  The  Death-wound  of  Charles  XII.,  17 

—  Geneah^es  of  the  Mordaunt  Family.  18  — The  Sher- 
bournc  Mi!i.^al  —  Waller's  Ring—  Mvsticism—  Primitive 
Font  —  DA  Hon  M88.  —  William  Vaughan  —  Venison 
Boiled  —  The  Stuarts  and  Freemasonry  —  Proverb  —  Li^t 
of  Sheriff-*  —  Derby  Day  —  Local  Sayings:  Huntingdon- 
shire-Modern Gipsies  — Kentish  Woros- Sir  Thomas 
Gardiner  — Sir  Orlando  Gee  —  Plessis  —  Subsidence  — 
Passage  in  Galatians  —  Medal,  &c.,  19. 

Notes  on  Books,  kc. 


CARNAC:  A  NEW  KEY  TO  BE  TRIED  TO  A 
VERY  RUSTY  OLD  LOCK. 

For  many  years  I  have  taken  great  interest  in 
the  curious  and  elaborate  etforta  that  have  been 
made  to  explain  the  origin  of  megalithic  struc- 
tures, especially  of  the  two  great  puzzles,  Stone- 
henge  in  Wiltshire,  and  Camac  on  the  coast  of 
Britanny.  Having,  after  much  difficulty,  found 
.some  rest  in  the  opinions  of  others  about  Stone- 
lienge,  but  none  whatever  about  Carnac,  I  now 
venture  to  offer  one  (not  new  as  to  the  former, 
but  quite  new  as  to  the  latter),  which  aims  at 
making  the  one  throw  light  upon  the  other  by 
suggepting  a  similarity  of  character  and  purpose. 

The  case  of  these  two  riddles  appears  to  me  to 
be  the  very  familiar  one  of  the  man  who,  having 
lost  a  key,  goes  all  over  his  house,  upstairs  and 
down,  and  after  ransacking  every  drawer,  cupboard, 
and  closet,  likely  and  unlikely,  from  garret  to 
cellar,  at  length  returns  to  find  that  it  had  been 
all  the  time  under  some  papers  upon  his  study 
table.  In  other  words,  I  am  inclined  to  believe 
that  the  explanation  of  both  these  mysterious 
structures  lies,  and  has  been  all  the  while  lyine, 
at  home :  that,  being  found  on  Old  British  ground, 
they  are  (what  they  most  naturally  would  be) 
Old  British — that  they  are  not  sepulchres,  but 
tepulchral  monuments  set  up  in  memory  of  great 


tragic  events  in  Old  British  history,  and  that,  con- 
sequently, they  are  not  of  that  extremely  remote 
j;re-historical  period  to  which  many  antiquaries 
have  been  and  still  are  fond  of  attributing  them. 
Surely  it  is  in  history^  especially  that  of  our  own 
country,  that  one  would  most  reasonably  expect 
to  find  the  true  solution.  But  instead  of  looking 
there  for  soraethirg  simple,  and  being  content 
with  that  J  it  has  been  the  rage  to  "  pooh  pooh  " 
our  old  annals,  and  invent  things,  people,  notions, 
and  schemes,  for  not  one  of  which  is  there  the 
slightest  foundation,  except  in  the  fertile  brain  of 
the  inventor.  I  prefer  history  with  all  its  possible 
errors  or  colouring. 

1.  Stonehenge. — The  account  of  this  structure, 
as  given  by  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  is  as  follows  : 
In  the  time  of  Vortigern,  king  of  Britain,  Hen- 
gist  the  Saxon  landed  with  a  large  army.  Vorti- 
gern and  the  nobility  resolved  to  fight  and  drive 
them  from  their  coasts.  Hengist,  after  consider- 
ing several  stratagems,  judged  it  most  feasible  to 
impose  upon  the  nation  by  making  a  show  of 
peace.  He  sent  ambassadors  with  certain  apolo- 
gies and  terms,  desiring  Vortigern  to  appoint  a 
time  and  place  for  their  meeting  in  order  to 
adjust  matters.  Vortigern  was  much  pleased,  and 
named  the  first  of  May,  and  the  place  the  monas- 
tery of  Ambrosbury,  now  Amesbury.  This  being 
agreed  to,  Hengist  desired  his  followers  to  arm 
themselves  with  daggers,  and  at  the  conference, 
upon  a  signal  given,  the  Saxons  assassinated  the 
British  nobilky.  Their  bodies  were  interred  with 
Christian  burial  at  or  near  Amesburjr.  Some  years 
afterwards  (about  a.d.  470)  Aurelius  Ambrosius 
arriving  from  Armorica,  or  Continental  Britain, 
and  being  anointed  king,  destroyed  both  Vorti- 
gern and  Hengist,  and  restored  all  things,  espe- 
cially ecclesiastical  affairs,  to  their  ancient  state. 
In  the  course  of  his  progress  to  various  important 
places,  he  visited  Ambrosbury,  where  the  consuls 
and  princes  were  buried. 

"  The  sight  of  the  place  where  the  dead  lay  made  the 
king,  who  was  of  a  compassionate  temper,  shed  tears,  and 
at  last  enter  npon  thoughts  what  kind  of  monument 
to  erect  upon  it.  For  he  thought  something  ought  to  be 
done  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  that  piece  of  ground 
which  was  honoured  with  the  bodies  of  so  many  noble 
patriots  that  died  for  their  country." 

The  chronicler  then  proceeds  to  describe  the 
construction  of  Stonehenge  as  that  monument.  It 
is  no  doubt  true  enough  that,  in  order  to  please 
the  taste  of  the  age  in  which  he  wrote,  he  em- 
bellishes his  narrative  with  much  that  is  ridi- 
culous. But  there  may  be  truth  at  the  bottom 
for  all  that.  Mr.  C.  H.  Pearson  (Early  and 
Middle  Ages  of  England,  p.  446)  observes,  in 
speaking  of  this  afiair :  — 

•*  That  whatever  tricks  Geoffrey  may  have  played  with 
his  detaiU,  it  is  monstrous  to  suppose  that  he  invented 
the  great  facts  of  history." 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»»S.1V.  July8,  *69. 


Leland  also,  after  some  remarks  to  the  same 
effect;  pronounces  all  other  theories  that  he  had 
seen  about  Stonehenge  to  be  ^'somnia  et  nugad 
canorse,"  and  accepts  the  historical  origin  and 
date  as  given  by  Geolfrey.  (2>c  Script.  Britan. 
i.  47.)  So  also  does  Thos.  Warton  {Hid.  of  Enrj. 
Poetry y  i.  xviii.  and  56)  j  and  some  of  our  living 
antiquaries  are  of  the  same  opinion. 

Whereabouts  exactly  the  bodies  had  been  buried 
does  not  seem  to  be  of  much  importance.  The 
whole  district  was  a  "  Campo  Santo,"  as  the  nu- 
merous barrows  there  testify ;  and  some  years  ago, 
in  forming  a  road,  fifty  skeletons,  lying  side  by 
side,  were  found  not  far  from  the  site  of  the 
monastery  itself.  It  is  enough  that  in  the  centre 
of  a  crowd  of  burials  a  conspicuous  spot  was 
selected. 

Nor  is  it  necessary  to  settle  the  much-disputed 
point,  whether  Stonehenge  was  made  at  two 
periods  or  all  at  once.  Some  of  the  stones  may 
or  may  not  have  been  there  for  some  sacred 
purpose  before.  If  they  were,  then  by  the  addi- 
tion of  others  the  group  was  enlarged.  All  that 
is  asked  is  that  Stonehenge,  as  we  see  it,  may  be 
considered  to  be,  what  the  chronicler  says  it  was, 
a  monument  of  the  massacre. 

2.  Camac. — In  dealing  with  this  I  have  no 
known  henchman  or  armour-bearer  to  reckon 
upon,  the  explanation  now  to  be  proposed  being 
(so  far  at  least  as  I  am  aware)  entirely  new. 

I  have  never  visited  Camac,  but  it  is  well 
known  that  it  lies  upon  the  very  edge  of  the  wild 
and  stormy  coast  of  Britanny,  almost  at  the  farthest 
point  of  the  western  peninsula  of  France.    The 
country  thereabout  is  bleak  and  desolate,  strewed 
with  thousands  of  blocks  of  granite  of  various 
sizes  (as  on  Dartmoor,  the  west  coast  of  Ireland, 
and  other  places).    All  over  that  part  of  Britanny 
are  cromlechs,  dolmens,  menhirs,  and  other  me- 
galiths innumerable.  Of  the  scattered  blocks  lying 
about  Camac  a  vast  number  have  been  at  some 
period  dragged  from  their  natural  sockets  on  the 
surface  of  the  ground  (many  of  them  requiring 
only  to  be  moved  a  very  short  distance,  some  per- 
haps scarcely  moved  at  all),  and  (whether  partially 
chiselled  or  not  I  cannot  say)  have  been  simply 
set  up  on  end  in  a  sort  of  order.     This  order 
was  somewhat  irregular,  but  in  the  main  group 
eleven   lines  or  rows,    extending    inland    (with 
large  interruptions)  about  eight  miles.    What  the 
total  number  of  stones  so  placed  on  end  may 
originally  have  been,  it  is  now  impossible  to  say. 
Some  who  have  carefully  examined  the  place 
guessed  it  to  have  been  10,000  or  12,000:  so 
many  have  been  broken  up  that  it  can  only  be  a 
matter  of  conjecture.    But  as  to  the  number  of 
rows  or  imperfectly  parallel  lines  in  which  they 
stood  and  still  stand,  all  publications  hitherto 
have  concurred  in  reporting  it  to  be  eleven. 
The  whole  presented  the  appearance  of  an  army 


on  the  march,  or  of  some  large  host  in  procession. 
The  only  tradition  on  the  spot  is  said  to  be  that 
the  stones  were  "  once  alive. 

To  suppose  that  each  of  these  stones  marks  an 
interment  is  preposterous;  for,  besides  that  the 
ground  is  granite  rock,  not  the  most  convenient 
for  grave-digging,  where  were  the  deceased  to 
come  from?  It  is  one  of  the  most  desolate  of 
districts,  "  the  very  last  (says  Mons.  de  Cainbry) 
to  remind  one  of  civilisation  and  an  enlightened 
people."  There  are  many  chambered  tumuli  near 
and  about  the  stones,  as  there  are  barrows  around 
Stonehenge.  Those,  of  course,  were  burial-places, 
but  the  stones  themselves  can  only  be  monu- 
mental. 

As  to  its  origin  and  purpose,  nothing  whatso- 
ever being  known,  it  has  presented  the  finest  field 
for  imagination,  and  imagination  certainly  has  not 
been  idle.  Lying,  as  it  doe?,  at  so  remote  a  dis- 
tance, on  the  very  border  of  the  Atlantic,  its  very 
existence  was  for  a  long  time  scarcely  noticed. 
The  French  writers,  finding  no  mention  of  it 
either  in  Roman  or  other  authors,  after  making 
the  best  guesses  they  could,  without  satisfying 
either  themselves  or  any  body  else,  seem  to  have 
abandoned  it  in  despair. 

One  French  author,  Mons.  de  Cambry,  being 
struck  with  the  peculiar  number  of  eleven,  tooK 
refuge  in  an  ^astronomical  explanation,  and  pro- 
nounced it  to  be  a  representation  of  the  zodiac ; 
upon  which  opinion  another  writer  of  that  country, 
the  Chevalier  de  Fr^minville,  makes  the  following 
remarks  in  his  Antiquit4s  de  la  Brdagne^  p.  50. 
After  reviewing  and  dismissing  with  something 
like  scorn,  as  wholly  untenable,  oeveral  previous 
opinions  as  to  its  being  of  Egyptian,  Phcsnician, 
or  other  foreign  origin,  he  says :  — 

"Another  author  also,  the  late  Mons.  deCambrv%  published 
a  work  upon  the  monuments  of  Karnac.  lie  docs  not,  it  is 
true,  think  proper  to  attribute  them  to  any  foreign 
people :  he  allows  them  to  bo  Celtic  ;  but  ho  wants  .  to 
make  out  of  them  a  celestial  scheme^  an  astronomical 
monument.  '  It  is,'  says  he, '  a  zodiac'  He  pretends  that 
each  of  the  lines  of  stones  represents  a  sign.  But  there 
is  one  circumstance  which  would  have  embarrassed  every 
body  else,  viz.  that  there  are  ttcelve  signs  in  the  zodiac, 
whereas  there  are  only  eleven  lines  of  stones  at  Karnac. 
But  Mons.  de  Cambry  cuts  the  knot  of  this  difficulty  in  a 
moment,  by  pretending,  on  what  authority  1  know  not, 
that  the  ancient  Gauls  reckoned  only  eleven  signs  in  the 
zodiac."  {Translated  from  the  French.) 

I  leave  Mons.  de  Cambry  and  his  zodiac  in  the 
hands  of  his  "  compatriote,"  merely  saying  with 
another  French  author,  Mons.  J^han,  that  '*  1  have 
not  much  faith  in  these  almanacs  of  huge  stones, 
so  prodigiously  costly,  and  so  very  inconvenient  to 
carry  about."  In  saying  this  I  do  not  deny  that 
in  tne  construction  of  our  ancient  stone  circles 
there  may  have  been  some  reference  to  astrono- 
mical principles,  as  for  instance,  at  Stonehenge,  to 
the  rising  and  setting  of  the  sun  at  the  solstices  ; 


4«k  S.  IV.  Jolt  8,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


but  the  solar-system  theory  has  been 'pressed 
rather  too  far. 

In  England,  of  course,  attempts  to  solve  the 
riddle  of  Carnac  have  not  been  lacking.  One, 
which  has  attracted  much  attention  and  sup- 
port, is,  that  it  was  a  temple  in  the  form  of  a 
serpent— a  kind  of  building  which  (so  the  pro- 
pounders  of  this  doctrine  told  us)  ^'  the  serpent- 
worshippers,  or  *  Ophites,'  used  to  construct,  and 
to  which  they  gave  the  name  of  a  '  Dracontium.* " 
A  great  deal  of  ingenuity  and  learning  has  been 
brought  to  bear  upon  this  theory.  I  myself, 
**  faute  de  mieux/'  used  rather  to  accjuiesce  in  it, 
depending  wholly  and  entirely,  as  I  did^  upon  the 
deUberate  statements  of  its  champions  that  such 
structures  were  madey  and  that  '^  ihe  ancients 
gave  to  them  the  name  of  Dracontiimi."  Having 
never  met,  in  the  course  of  my  own  limited  classicfd 
reading,  with  any  thing  or  name  of  the  kind,  and 
beginmngto  wonder  where  any  notice  of  it  was  to 
be  found,  I  consulted  one  of  the  first  Greek 
scholars  of  our  day.  He  shook  his  head,  and 
added  that  a  Greek  word  with  that  meaning  was 
to  him  unknown.  I  ransacked  lexicon  after 
lexicon,  but  no  ''serpent-temple  caUed  by  the 
ancients  a  Dracontium"  was  to  be  found.  On 
further  investigation  it  came  to  light  that  the 
word  '*  Dracontium "  was  actually  coined  by  an 
ingenious,  but  rather  extravagant,  antiquary.  Dr. 
Stukeley,  as  a  name  very  suitable  and  convenient 
for  a  thing,  which  thing  was  also  a  creation  of  his 
own  brain.  Upon  making  this  discovery  I  took 
leave  of  the  Opnites. 

That  the  stones  of  Carnac  could  ever  have  been 
intended  for  '^  a  temple  "  of  any  kind,  or  even  for 
an  approach  to  a  temple,  seems  very  improbable. 
There  are,  it  is  true,  in  Egypt,  long  avenues  of 
obelisks,  or  sphioxes,  but  they  lead  to  something — 
to  the  temple  itself,  a  structure  of  great  size. 
But  there  is  nothing  of  that  kind  at  Carnac  re- 
quiring even  a  single  avenue,  much  less  so  many 
running  parallel.  Here  and  there,  at  the  termi- 
nation or  a  group,  there  is  a  semicircular  arrange- 
ment of  stones,  and  elsewhere  the  lines  may  have 
led  to  circles  now  destroyed.  But  that  such  cir- 
cular or  semicircular  arrangements  were  intended 
for  "temples,"  one  can  scarcely  believe.  And 
how,  one  may  also  ask,  could  a  plantation,  or 
several  plantations,  of  stones  (for  that  is  what 
it  really  is),  extending  for  miles  over  a  rough, 
rock-strewed,  barren  country,  be  possibly  avail- 
able for  a  ''  procession  **  or  any  other  action  what- 
soever connected  with  occasional  religious  rites  ? 
In  the  history  of  Britanny  there  is  nothing  known 
either  of  Ophites,  or  Egyptians,  or  Phoenicians,  or 
anj  other  foreigners  who  ever  set  foot  upon  the 
soil,  BtiU  less  occupied  it  with  such  permanent 
interest,  as  proprietors,  as  to  command  the  oppor- 
tunity of  constructing  so  laborious  and  costly  a 
work.    But,  leaving  everybody  to  adopt  which  of 


these  fancies  they  please,  none  of  them  helps  us 
one  bit  to  solve  the  mystic  number  of  eleven  rows 
of  stones. 

The  most  judicious  French  writers  upon  this 
subject  that  I  have  had  the  opportunity  of  consult- 
ing, without  pretending  to  say  who  the  people 
were  that  did  construct  Carnac,  nevertheless 
express  a  very  strong  opinion  as  to  who  did  not. 
Thejr  protest  against  any  far-fetched  outlandish 
origm.  They  ignore  Ophites,  Zodiacites,  Egyp- 
tians, Phoenicians,  and  all  the  rest  Who  the 
great  man  may  have  been  that  issued  the  man- 
date "Fiat  Carnac!"  or  who  the  foreman  that 
received  it,  stared  and  shook  in  his  shoes,  they 
do  not  know — the  record  is  either  lost  or  con- 
cealed. But  as  to  the  character  of  the  work, 
they  argue  in  the  safest  and  simplest  way :  — 

"  If  single  megaliths  were  (as  the  greater  part  un- 
doubtedly were)  set  up  for  sepulchral  or  monumental 
purposes,  then  of  the  same  character  also  will  be  an 
aggregation  of  megaliths :  the  event  represent^  by  the 
aggregate  stones  being  proportionally  more  memorable 
than  that  perpetuated  by  a  few  or  a  single  one." 

This  is  sensible  and  cautious  language.  So  far 
as  they  can,  on  a  safe  principle,  the  French  au- 
thors go  and  no  farther.  They  are  stopped  by 
the  want  of  more  information,  by  the  apparent 
silence  of  the  history  of  their  country.  That  it 
was  made  by  the  people  of  that  country  and  no 
other,  is  their  conviction ;  but  neither  French  nor 
English,  nor  any  other  author  (so  far  as  I  know), 
has  ever  been  able  to  fix  upon  any  particular 
historical  event  as  likely  to  be  commemorated  by 
the  stones  of  Carnac. 

At  this  point  I  ask  permission  to  ofier  an  opinion. 

The  very  striking  peculiarity  of  the  number, 
eleven,  had  always  riveted  my  attention;  and 
with  the  sound  French  conclusion  (just  mentioned) 
to  rest  upon,  I  kept  a  look  out  for  the  help  of 
history.  In  turning  over  accidentally  some  years 
ago  the  pages  of  our  old  acquaintance,  Geoffrey  of 
Monmouth,  I  met  with  a  passage  which  presented 
all  at  once  so  many  curious  proprieties — as  to 
period,  place  (the  very  coast  of  britanny),  people, 
event  (a  great  national  disaster),  and  last,  but 
most  remarkable  of  all  (prominently  introduced), 
the  myterious  number  eleven  —  that  I  verily 
thought,  here  is  the  key  to  Carnac ! 

The  event  referred  to  is  found  not  only  in 
British,  but  in  other  authors.  Premising  that 
slight  discrepancies  are  met  with  in  details — as 
for  instance,  that  "Maximus''  in  one  is  called 
"Maximianus"  in  another,  and  so  forth — still, 
putting  the  general  statement  together,  it  is,  upon 
the  whole,  tnis :  — 

Gratian,  joint  Emperor  of  the  West,  began  to 
reign  A.i).  375.  He  made  Magnus  Maximus  (or 
Maximianus),  a  Spaniard  by  birth,  his  governor 
of  Insular  Britain.  Whilst  M.  Maximus  was  en- 
gaged in  reducing  Picts  and  Scots,  and  otherwise 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


t4tt»  S.  IV.  July  3,  '69. 


enlarging  the  bounds  of  Insular  Britain,  Gratian 
gave  great  offence  to  bis  army  and  its  officers,  and 
especially  to  M.  Maximus,  by  the  promotion  of 
strangers  in  his  service,  and  by  adopting  Theo- 
dosius  the  Younger  as  his  colleague  in  the  Roman 
empire.  M.  Maximus,  considering  himself  to  be 
well  worthy  of  that  honour,  determined  to  obtain 
the  purple.  In  a.d.  381  he  revolted,  declared 
war  against  Gratian,  collected  the  whole  of  his 
forces,  drained  Insular  Britain  of  its  troops,  in- 
yaded  Gaul,  and  defeated  Gratian.  Maximus  was 
accompanied  by  Conan  Meriadoc,  Prince  of  South 
Wales.  Instead  of  sending  his  army  back  to 
Insular  Britain,  he  resolved  to  establish  them  as 
a  colony  on  the  western  peninsula,  between  the 
Seine  and  the  Loire,  then  called  Armorica,  now 
Britanny.  In  the  year  (according  to  Usher) 
A.D.  383,  he  settled  there  30,000  soldiers  and 
100,000  emigrants  from  Insular  Britain;  and  made 
the  Welsh  prince,  Conan  Meriad«ic,  King  of  Ar- 
morica, giving  to  it  the  name  of  Britannia  Parva, 
or  Little  Britain. 

Wishing  to  avoid  all  mixture  with  the  Gauls, 
he  sent  over  to  Island  Britain  for  wives  for  his 
soldiers  and  emigrants,  commissioning  Dionoth, 
Prince  of  Cornwall,  to  collect  and  send  out  a 
colony  of  women.  The  Prince  of  Cornwall  had  a 
daughter,  Ursula,  on  whom  Conan  Meriadoc  had 
previously  fixed  his  affections.  To  accompany  her 
as  the  future  Queen  of  New  Britain,  Dionoth  con- 
trived to  collect  (the  peculiar  number  is  stated 
in  the  chronicle)  eleven  thousand  women  of  a 
higher  class,  and  a  much  larger  number  of  in- 
ferior varieties — many  willing,  many  unwilling  to 
go.  But,  under  such  patronage  as  the  Princess 
Ursula  for  their  future  queen,  they  went.  As 
they  were  steering  towards  the  coast  of  Britanny 
(one  of  the  wildest  in  the  world),  contrary  winds 
rose  and  dispersed  the  whole  fleet.  The  greater 
part  of  the  ships  foundered ;  but  the  women  that 
escaped  death  in  the  sea  fell  into  the  hands  of 
barbarians  and  infidels,  and  of  Graiian's  soldiers, 
who  were  on  a  marauding  expedition  along  the 
coast.  The  British  ladies,  as  well  as  the  humbler 
women,  were  cruelly  abused  or  made  slaves  of, 
but  the  greater  part  (so  says  the  history)  were 
murdered. 

Well,  now  just  let  us  weigh  this  ancient  state- 
ment quietly,  and  judge  of  its  probability  (as  a 
whole)  by  a  fair  test,  our  own  knowledge  of  what 
is  actually  going  on  in  Island  Britain  at  this  very 
day.  What  is  the  number  of  emigrants  leaving 
the  Thames,  the  Mersey,  &c.,  every  week  ?  On 
one  sinp-le  day  last  week,  eight  hundred  people 
left  the  Thames  alone,  and  during  that  same  week 
seven  thousand  from  Liverpool.  How  many  dur- 
ing the  same  few  days  sailed  from  the  Clyde,  or 
from  Cork  harbour,  &c.,  I  know  not.  But  be  the 
number  what  it  may,  there  was  no  English  prin- 
cess, there  were  no  patronesses  of  minor  rank  to 


lead  and  encourage  them.  All  went  away  upon 
their  own  humble  resources,  with  only  humble 
friends  around  them,  to  seek  new  homes — on  the 
other  side  of  the  world. 

But  put  a  different  case.  Suppose  some  large 
province  at  the  command  of  the  Queen  of  Eng- 
land, within  a  few  hours'  voyage,  and  colonists 
called  for;  Her  Majesty  sending  out  one  of  her 
own  daughters,  engaged  to  be  married,  to  preside 
over  the  new  colony  as  its  queen  ;  and  every 
pressing  invitation  urged  upon  the  aristocracy  and 
gentry  to  send  out  young  scions  of  their  houses, 
to  take  with  them  all  the  followers  and  retainers 
they  could  muster.  Would  not  the  Thames  be 
filled  (as  in  the  older  case,  the  chronicle  says  it 
was)  with  ship-loads  of  unappropriated  fair  ones, 
ready  enough  to  transfer  themselves  under  such 
high  auspices?  I  think  it  would;  and  am  en- 
couraged so  to  think  by  no  less  an  authority  than 
The  Tifiies  newspaper,  which  only  a  few  days  ago, 
speaking  of  the  roving  nature  of  every  class  of 
our  people,  assured  us  that  — 

"  There  is  not  a  fire-side  in  England,  Ireland,  or  Scot- 
land, but  one  at  least  out  of  the  half-dozen  would  rather 
be  nnj'where  else  than  there — at  San  Francisco,  the  North 
Pole,  Timbuctoo,  or  the  Sandwich  Islands!  ....  There 
is  not  a  household  that  does  not  yield  at  least  one  willing 
recruit  to  any  mode  of  escape  from  the  Englishman's 
fire- side ! " 

So  that,  in  the  historical  statement  of  a  large 
female  colony  to  ancient  Britanny  (with  homes 
and  busbands,  military  and  civil,  all  awaiting 
them),  there  is  nothing  improbable.  On  the  con- 
trary, it  seems  undeniable  that,  if  Armorica  was 
colonised  (as  it  certainly  was)  by  thousands  of 
men,  thousands  of  women  must  have  followed. 

Suppose  further:  If  any  fearful  catastrophe 
were  to  befal  my  modern  emigration,  and  the 
young  queen,  with  hundreds  or  thousands  of  her 
friends  and  followers,  to  be  shipwrecked,  or  to 
meet  with  such  cruel  usage  or  fate  as  awaited 
the  Cornish  princess  Ursula  and  hers,  surely  it 
would  be  regarded  as  a  national  disaster — not 
unlikely  to  be  marked  by  monuments  and  grave- 
stones, perhaps  by  some  work  of  large  and  costly 
kind,  according  to  the  taste  and  scale  of  our  times. 
The  taste  and  fashion  in  old  British  times  (espe- 
cially in  cases  of  a  public  character)  was  to  erect 
huge  but  simple  blocks  of  stone,  of  which  we 
have  hundreds  of  examples  still  existing  along 
the  western  side  of  England  and  Wales.  And  I 
am  not  sure  whether  these  gigantic  native  masses 
are  not  (as  monumental  stones)  much  more  im- 
pressive than  the  broken  columns,  weeping  wil- 
lows, tea-urns,  and  fat  cherubim  of  Kensal  Green 
— yea,  even  than  many  of  the  costly  barbarisms  to 
be  met  with  now  and  then  in  our  cathedrals. 

Upon  reading  this  event  in  the  old  British  his- 
tory, and  happening  at  the  moment  to  recollect- 
first,  the  situation  of  Carnac  upon  the  very  seiw 


4*  8.  IV.  July  8,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


coast  (ro  stormy  and  dangerous)  of  Armorica,  and 
next  the  peculiar  number  of  eleven  rows  of  monu- 
mental stones — it  struck  me  that,  the  whole  num- 
ber of  stones  having  been  estimated  by  unpre- 
judiced travellers  to  have  been  probably  ten  or 
twelve  thousand,  the  original  arrangement  may 
have  been  (or,  if  never  quite  completed,  may  have 
been  designed  to  be)  one  thousand  in  each  row — 
making  in  all  eleven  thousand.  The  whole  might 
thus  be  intended  (according  to  the  character  and 
religious  feeling  of  the  people  and  the  times)  to 
be  a  great  national  memorial  of  the  tragic  end  of 
the  eleven  thousand  British  ladies. 

So  close  to  the  sea  (as  I  have  since  been  in- 
formed) do  the  stones  oegin,  that  at  St.  Pierre, 
near  Erdeven,  some  of  them  have  been  actually 
washed  away.  It  is  therefore  out  of  the  very  waves 
themselves,  so  to  speak,  that  the  monument  com- 
mences to  run  inland.  Without  wrshing  to  mag- 
nify any  circumstance  unduly,  one  may  ask,  could 
any  arrangement  more  happily  represent  monu- 
mentally the  fate  of  a  host  of  unfortunate  adven- 
turers who  had  arrived  by  sea,  were  attempting 
to  land,  and  perished  in  the  attempt  P 

As  to  the  probability  of  the  rows  having  been 
intended  to  contain  one  thousand  stones  each,  it  is 
only  fair  to  add,  that  since  this  notion  occurred  to 
me,  I  have  been  told  by  a  friend  (a  well-known 
English  archaeologist,  who  has  been  on  the  spot 
for  a  considerable  time,  and  from  whose  pen  I  hope 
the  public  will  ere  long  receive  what  would  cer- 
tainly be  the  moat  accurate  and  minute  account  ever 
given  of  this  wonderful  district),  that  the  Caraac 
stones  (speaking  generally)  occur  in  several  systems 
or  groups,  separated  by  a  wide  distance  one  from 
another;  that  in  one  system  there  are  now  only  two 
rows,  in  another  eight,  in  a  third  eleven,  and  in  a 
fourth  there  appear  to  have  been  twelve.  Owing  to 
some  irregularity,  it  is  not  easy  to  pronounce  with 
certainty.  But  by  far  the  most  perfect  are  those 
near  Le  Menec,  m  eleven  rows,  and  it  is  these 
which  have  always  attracted  most  attention.  It 
is  impossible  to  say  what  may  or  may  not  have 
been ;  so  that  (taking  the  thing  altogether),  in  the 
variety  of  number  of  rows  as  at  present  existing 
I  do  not  see  anything  fatal  to  the  idea  that  the 
stones  at  Camac,  ns  a  whole,  may  have  been 
erected  (upon  some  strange  plan  now  inexplicable 
to  us)  as  an  enduring  memorial  of  the  luckless 
Princess  Ursula  and  her  followers  of  every  degree. 

In  order  that  I  may  not  be  misrepresented,  or 
charged  with  bringing  forward  the  fable  of  "  Ur- 
«ula  and  the  Eleven  thousand  Martyrs,"  let  it  be 
carefully  distinguished  that  I  allude  to  the  his- 
Urical  account  of  the  colony  stated  to  have  gone 
to  Britanny  in  Gaul  in  a.d.  383  or  thereabouts, 
and  not  to  the  fable  in  the  Golden  Legend.  That 
iSable  was  not  in  existence  until  nearly  nine  hun- 
dred years  afterwards,  yiz.  a.d.  1260,  when  it  was 
manufactured  by  an  archbishop  of  Genoa  (Jacobus 


de  Voragine).  In  its  details  the  Golden  Legend 
story  is  quite  different  from  the  ancient  historical 
account  above  given.  Yet  it  is  evidently  based 
upon  the  old  history,  because  the  scene  in  the 
Golden  Legend  story  lies  also  in  Britanny;  and- 
among  the  dramatis  persona  are  a  King  of  Eng- 
land ;  his  son,  the  lover  of  Ursula ;  and  "  Maxi- 
mian,"  a  "  felon  prince  of  the  Roman  chivalry," — 
and  there  is  also  a  passage  over  the  sea.  The  rest 
of  the  story  is  quite  different ;  but  the  names  and 
characters  are  clearly  borrowed  from  the  old  his- 
tory, and  are  worked  up  into  a  sort  of  religious 
novel.  I  apply  Camac,  not  to  the  Ursula  and  eleven 
thousand  martyrs  of  the  Golden  Legend  of  a.d. 
1260,  but  to  the  British  ladies  of  the  original 
colony  in  a.d.  383. 

What  then  is  the  result  to  which  this  explana- 
tion of  Stonehenge  and  Carnac  brings  us  P  It  is, 
that  two  of  the  most  celebrated  and  perplexing 
of  the  greatest  known  megalithic  structures  may 
be  accounted  for,  not  by  fanciful  theories,  nor  by 
attributing  them  to  foreigners  in  some  remote  and 
nebulous  period  (for  all  of  which  there  is  not  an 
iota  of  historical  proof),  but  by  what  may  be 
called  a  native  interpretation.  It  presents  both 
as  erected  by  British  hands,  both  on  British 
ground,  in  the  same  period  of  British  customs  and 
ideas  (Carnac  being  the  older  by  about  one  hun- 
dred years) ;  both  (not  cemeteries,  but)  sepulchral 
memorials,  and  that  of  great  national  disasters; 
and  last,  but  not  least  of  all,  both  those  disasters 
actually  described  and  patriotically  lamented  in 
the  wntten  record  of  ancient  British  history. 

These,  then,  are  my  reasons  for  believing  that 
the  key  to  Stonehenge,  and  more  particularly 
Carnac  —  so  long  mislaid  or  overlooked  —  has 
been  all  the  while  lying  at  home !  Not,  indeed, 
precisely  where  (as  to  Carnac)  the  tradition  of 
Breton  sailors  and  peasants  still  tells  you  that  it 
is  to  be  found,  "  in  the  Tower  of  London,"  but 
simply  hidden  under  the  events  of  British  history. 
To  sum  up  my  opinion  in  a  few  words,  it  is: 
That  Carnac  (the  older  of  the  two)  is  a  national 
memorial  of  the  tragic  fate  of  tho  first  Insular 
British  colony  to  Continental  Britain  in  a.d.  383; 
and  that  Stonehenge,  as  we  see  it,  is  also  a  national 
memorial  of  another  tragedy — the  treacherous 
massacre  of  the  native  British  princes  and  eccle- 
siastics upon  the  Saxon  invasion  of  Insular  Britain 
about  A.D.  470. 

This  idea  (I  offer  it  as  nothing  more)  as  to 
Carnac  occurred  to  me  several  yeare  ago.  Partly 
from  a  wish  to  reconsider  it  carefully,' more  per- 
haps from  a  disinclination  to  incur  some  endless 
controversy,  I  have  never  produced  it.  But  now, 
having  during  this  interval  met  with  nothing  to 
warn  me  that  it  is  wholly  extravagant  and  un- 
tenable, I  start  it  as  a  fresh  fox  for  archajological 
and  antiquarian  sportsmen  to  run  after.  I  do  not 
pledge  myself  to  fight  a  toute  outrance  in  defence 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  JoLY  3,  '6^. 


of  what  is,  after  all,  merely  offered  as  a  possible 
explanation  of  a  very  obscure  but  interesting 
puzzle,  that  has  hitherto  mocked  and  defied  us 
all.  That  would  be  turning  into  a  punishment 
what  commenced  as  a  pleasure:  for  as' Francis 
Bacon  (Lord  Verulam)  says  in  one  of  his  letters 
(No.  XXX.) :  — 

"  If  I  bind  myself  to  an  argument,  it  loadeth  my  mind ; 
but  if  I  rid  myself  of  present  thoughts,  it  is  a  recreation." 

J.  E.  Jackson, 
Hon.  Canon  of  Bristol. 
Leigh  Delamere  Rectory,  Chippenham,  June  8. 


[1.  33,  bk.) 


PIECES  FROM  MANUSCRIPTS,  No.  V. 

What  would  she  more  ?    A  Lover's  Complaiht. 

MS.  Addit,  18,752,  leafZ^  and  33  back. 

Off  bewty  yet  she  passith  att, 

Wtlic^  hath  myn  hert,  and  euer  shatt, 

to  Ij'ue  or  dy/  what  so  beffall : 

what  wold  she  more  ?  what  wold  she  more  ? 

She  is  so  fyxyd  yn  my  hart, 

that  ffor  her  sake  I  byde  gret  smart, 

yet  cannot  I  my  luue  departe : 

what  wold  she  more  ?  what  wold  she  more  ? 

long  haue  I  ly vyd  yn  gret  dystresse ; 
longe  haue  I  sought  to  haue  redresse  ; 
longe  hath  she  byn/  myne  owne  Mastresse : 
what  wold  she  more/  what  wold  she  more  ? 

Myne  owne  Mastres  yet  shali  she  be 
as'longe  as  lyff  remavnyth  yn  me ; 
I  trust  wons'she  wjii  haue  petye : 
I  aske  no  more,  I  aske  no  more. 

Ofte  tymys  to  here  I  haue  expreste, 
I  haue  told  her  that  I  loue  here  beste, 
yn  hope  that  I  myght  be  redreste : 
what  can  I  do  more  ?  what  can  I  do  more  ? 

She  sayth  to  me  ye  nor  naye  ; 
but  of  her  poure  I  know  she  maye ; 
yess^,  ray  pore  hart,  then  she  may  saye  : 
what  wold  youe  more  ?  what  wold  youe  more  ? 

Yf  that  she  ware  yn  sucti  case  as  I, 

that  for  my  .«ake  yn  payn?  dvd  ly, 

I  wold  trere  helpe,  or  el?*  I  wold  dy : 

what  wold  she  more  ?  what  wold  she  more  ? 

Seyng  that  my  trew  hart  and  mynd 
is  towarde/  here  so  trew  and  kynde. 
Some  loue  yn  her  yf  I  mvght  ffynde, 
I  aske  no  more,  I  aske  no  more. 

ffinis. 

MS.  Addit.  18,752,  &a/163  hack. 

A    rr.OPBR    NEWE     BALLETE,    WHKRIN    THE     LOWYER 

DOTH  Request  her  frynd  to  contyne[w]  in  his 

TRK^VTII  VNNTYLL  SHE  DESERVE  THE  CONTRARY.* 

Dysdayne  me  not  wythout  desert, 
ne  payne  me  not  so  so<len1y  ; 
Syth  well- ye  know  that  yn  my  hart 
I  mene  no  thyng  but  faj'thfully, 
refuse  me  not  I 

Refuse  me  not  wythout  cauoe  why, 
nor  thynke  me  not  to  be  vnkyndc ; 
my  hart  is  yours  vnt>ii  I  dy, 
and  that  yn  shurt  space  ye  shatt  yt  fynd ; 

Mistrust  me  not ! 


Mystrust  me  not,  thogh  some  there  be 
that  fayne  wold  spot  my  stedffastnes ; 
belyue  Ihem  not !  syth  wett  yc  so 
the  proffe  ys  not  as  thev  expressp, 

forsake  me  not ! 

fforsake  me  not  tyU- 1  desarvc, 
nor  hate  me  not  tyii  I  offende ! 
dystro}'  me  not  tytt  that  I  swarve  I 
Syth  ye  weii"  wote/  what  I  Intend, 

Dysdayne  me  not ! 

Dysdayne  me  not,  that  am  your  owne ! 
Refuse  me  not,  that  am  so  trewe ! 
Mystrust  me  not  tytt  al  be  knowene ! 
fforsake  me  not  now  ffor  no  new  ! 

thus  leue  me  not ! 


F.  J.  F. 


•  This  heading:  is  at  the  end  of  the  Ballad,  in  the  MS., 
and  in  a  different  hand. 


THE'»TAUROBOLIUM"  AND  «  KRIOBOLIUM." 

Amongst  your  numerous  readers  there  are  many 
remarkable  for  their  profound  classical  knowledge. 
I  desire  to  attract  the  attention  of  such  scholars 
in  particular  to  the  following  passages  in  Dol- 
linger*s  J/eidenthum  and  Judenthum^  of  which  I 
venture  to  make  a  translation,  as  I  believe  the 
work  has  not  appeared  in  English : — 

•'  More  grave  still  (than  that  described  by  Juvenal,  vi. 
511-521)  in  the  service  of  the  Idaean  mother  of  the  gods 
(Cybele)  was  the  combined  rite  of  the  Taurobolium  and 
Knobolium,  on6  of  the  most  solemn  and,  as  it  was  sup- 
posed, most  effective  religious  ceremonies  belonging  to  the 
latter  period  of  heathenism. 

*'  The  old  habitual  Greek  and  Roman  rites  of  purifica- 
tion and  lustrations  were  no  longer  deemed  to  be  suffi- 
cient, even  where  they  continued  to  be  diligently  prac- 
tised. It  was  still  the  custom  to  purify  houses,  temples^ 
estates  (landguter),  and  whole  towns  bv  carrvini;  water 
about,  and  sprinkling  them  with  it.  (^fertulf.  De  Bapt, 
c  5.)  There  were  1^  or  carried  about  livins:  animals, 
oxen,  sheep,  cats,  and  dogs;  persons  and  things  were 
sprinkled  with  the  blood  of  victims.  Use,  too,  was  made 
of  the  anhes  of  the  victim,  and  the  purgamenta^  the  mate- 
rials that  had  served  for  purification,  were  then— the 
person  holding  his  head  on  one  side — cast  into-  the  water, 
or  out  upon  a  cross-road.  Ovid,  as  a  looker  on,  describes 
the  trades-folk  at  Rome  as  having  themselves  and  their 
wares  sprinkled  with  water  drawn  from  the  well  of 
Mercury  at  the  Capmaean  gate,  as  an  expiation  for  their 
lies,  trickeria*,  and  false  oaths.  (Ovid,  Fast.  v.  673-690.) 

*'  That  a  person  could  be  purified  from  crime,  even  from 
that  of  murder,  by  a  complete  bathing  or  washing  of  the 
body  was  alike  the  idea  and  the  practice  in  former  times^ 
and  will  be  found  mentioned  both  by  Ovid  and  Tertul- 
lian.    Thus  says  the  poet :  — 

"  O  !  vain-minded  fools !    who,  by  a  water-bath,  from 
murder. 
The  unholy  offence,  fancy  you  can  find  an  escape." 

Ovid,  Fast.  ii.  45. 

"  Still  the  notion  prevailed  that  blood  (the  depositary 
of  vital  power,  especially  when  it  streamed  still  warm 
and  living  at  the  instant  the  animal,  consecrated  to  the 
divinitr,  was  slaughtered)  was,  beyond  all  others,  the 
most  effective  means  of  expiation  and  purification ;  and 
that  he  who  was  all  over  steeped  in  this  blood,  and  com- 
pletely bedewed  and  covered  with  it,  must  thereby  be 
purified  from  all  guilt  and  stain,  and  for  many  years, 
from  that  time  forth,  sanctified !  And  from  this  idea 
arose  the  Taurobolia  and  Kriobolia. 


MM 


4«'  8.  IV.  juw  8.  m]  NOTES  AXD  QUEKIES. 


^  A  spacious  trcuch  (grobe)  was  formed,  and  then  the  feeling  as  to  the  necessity  for  a  sacrament,  in  the 
covered  over  with  planks  {bokUn)^  having  holes  pierced  potency  of  which  one  could  place  confidence,  as  the  Chris- 
through  them.  Upon  this  place  was  slaughtered  the  tians  confided  in  baptism  and  communion,  may  have 
victim — an  ox  or  ram — so  that  the  blood,  trickling  down  co*operated  in  the  multiplication  of  such  a  sacrifice.*' 

through  the  holes  in  the  planks,  should  fall  as  a  shower  m.      ^assacrfts  hpre  nuotpd  arp  takpn  from  thft 

of  rain  upon  the  person  who  was  placed  beneath  in  the  .  t^f  P^^f^n^s  Here  quotea  are  taKen  irom  tne 

trench,  and  who  received  it  all  over  his  bodr,  taking  eighth  book,  paragraphs  97,  US,  99,  pp.  620-628. 

especial  care  that  his  ears,  cheeks,  lips,  ey&«,'nose,  and  I  have  looked  in  vain  to  other  works  for  informa- 

tonguc  were  bedewed  with  it.  (PrudenuPerw^epA.  x.  101,  tion  concerning  the  Taurobolia.     I  can  find  not 

sqq.;   Firm.  Mat.  I)e  Err,  protrel  c.  27.)    Dripping  the    slightest    reference   to  them  in   Macrobias, 

witli  Wood  he  then  stepped  out  of  the  trench,  and  showed  q    y     °  RKodiginus,    Alexander    ab   Alexandre 

himself  to  the  multitude,  who  (as  being  thus  one  fully  ^^'     o    xv»4.wv*i^»ii^o,    -«.ica»ii«^*       m     r^.  ..         ' 

purified  and  consecrated)  saluted  and  cast  themselves  -trotter,  Keunett,   Adams,  nor  binith  s  UicUonary 

down  before  him.     As  to  the  clothes  which«had  absorbed  of  Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities,     Beyond  what 

the  blood,  they  were  used  by  him  until  they  were  com-  is  stated  by  Dollinger,  I  have  been  able  to  dia- 

pletely  worn  out.  (See  the  verses  of  Salmasius,  edited  by  cover  nothing  by  my  own  research  but  a  single 

IZn^t  wrtiVCl^'o/-'.''.  t;?u  Jbo!  P'^*?^  »  '^^  I^^f"  ofA,Uo.i.u.  mUogahalus:- 

lium  was  thereby  made  pure  and  accepUble  to  the  gods  "  Matns  etiam  deum  sacra  accepit,  et  tauroboliatus 

for  twenty  years  from  that  time.    At  the  end  of  that  est  ut  typum  eriperet  et  alia  sacra  qua  penitus  habentur 

period  he  could  again  have  himself  purified  by  another  condita. ' 

blood- shower.     There  was  a  certain  Sextilius  iEdesius  Salmasius,  in   his   note    upon   this   passage  of 

who  declared  that  by  the  use  of  the  Tauroboliam  as  weU  Spartian's   or   ^lius   Lampridius's  biography  of 

(^p  Van''Dal'e  n%2? )  ^^'^ '^^"^'^^^  ^^' ^^^  «'«™»'y-  ifeliogabalus,  gives  a  more  minute  account  than 

"*Not  only  iJiight  there  be  a  Taurobolium  for  one's  own  Dollinger  of  the  process,  for  he  says  :— 

sake  and  special  purification,  but  likewise  for  the  weal  *'  Taurobolinus  etiam  dicebatar,  qui  taurobolium  acci- 

of  others,  and  particularly  for  the  emperor  and  imperial  piebat  et  consecrandus  erat :  in  scrobem  profundam  terra 

family ;  and  frequently  these  took  place  in  accirdance  egcsta  ad  hoc  ipnum  factam  demittebatur :  deinde  scrobs 

with  the  express  command  of  the  mother  of  the  gods  ilia,  plancis  vel  tabuiis,  quae  multis  locis  erant  foraminatse, 

herself,  as  notified  through  her  friends  ('  Ex  vaticinatione  cnnsternebatur :  super  quern  pontilem  stratum  multis  per- 

Puronii  Juliani  Archigalli,'  as  it  is  so  said,  for  instance,  tusum  locis^  taurus  mactabatur  auratis  cornibus,  ut  san- 

in  an  inscription  found  near  the  Rhone. — C^lonia,  Hist,  guis  per  foramina  in  scrobem  deflueret,  quern  capite, 

Litt.  de  Lyon,  p.  206:  *Ex  imperio  Matris  D.  De&m').  naribus,  oculis,  auribus,  et  toto  deuique  corpore  excipie- 

Whole  cities  or  provinces  had  a  Taurobolium  executed  bat  sacerdos  in  ea  caverna  defossus,  et  tauri  sanguine  se 

for  the  welfare  of  the  emperors,  and  on  such  occasions  abluebat ;  qnem  sacri  morem  luculentis  versibus  de^cribit 

it  was  generally  women  that  were  consecrated  with  the  Prudeutius  in  Romano : — 

shower  of  blood.    With  such  solemnity  was  the  proceed-  « Hunc,  inquinatum  talibus  contagiis, 

ing  conducted,  that  at  one  of  them,  for  instance,  there  Xabo  recentis  sordidum  piaculi, 

were  present  the  priests  of  Valence,  Orange,  and  Viviers  Omnes  salutant,  atque  adorant  eminus.'  " 

(Colonia,  1.  c.  p.  223);  and  further,  at  such  a  sacrifice,         ▼     au       ^  .»^*^  «^r^«««««,  ;«  «»a/i»  4^  4\^o.  ;» 

which  the  town  of  Lyons  had  perform«l  on  the  Vaticai;,  1°  J^^  same  note  reference  is  made  to  the  in. 

hill  at  Rome,  for  the  prosperity  of  the  Emperor  Antoni-  scnption  of  the  person  who  boasted  of  his     eternal 

nus,  the  man  iEmilius  Carpus,  who  had  been  the  recipient  regeneration"  in  consequence  of    his  Taurobolic 

of  the  blood-expiation  on  the  occasion,  brought  whh  him  purification,   "  TauROBOLIOQTJE  IN  STERNUM  RE- 

back  to  Lyons  the  frontal  bone  with  the  gilt  horns  of  the  jj^Tps."  An  inscription,  notifying  the  consecration 

""^'-JP^fi  7  '^^'^  \*'^'"?3;""^  ""l^i^^'^r".  rT"""'^-  of  the  cilded  homs  of  the  bill  sacrificed,  is  also 

**  The  first  example  of  the  Taurobolium  that  has  been  as  wi  «•"«  b"v*^L*  uv/i*^o  v     ««         *«                , 

yet  discovered  is  to  be  found,  in  the  year  133,  in  an  in-  b^iven  by  Salmasius,  viz.     bEVERUS  .  lULlI  :  F.L. 

scription  (Mommsen,  Inscript,  R.  Neap,  n.  2602) :  for  VIRES  .  TAURI  .  QUO   .  PROPR  .  PER  .   TAUROPOL  . 

the  act  was  held  to  be  so  important  and  effective  that,  pub  .  FAC  .  PECERAT  .  CONSECRAVIT." 

even  where  it  merely  concerned  a  private  individual,  its  j  ^\^\^  ^q  ^^q^^  where  further  information  is  to 

remembrance  was  perpetuated  in  a  monument.    Mean-  ^    ^     ^  concerning  the  Taurobolium  and  Krio- 

while  11  IS  to  be  observed  that  the  sacrifice  of  133  does     |Jo^"""^  v^uuuciMiug  ^     ,    ,  ,      rk     Tvn:« a 

not  refer,  like  all  the  rest,  to  the  Phrygian  mother  of  the  holium  beyond  that  afforded  by  Dr.  Dollinger  and 

gods,  but  to  the  Carthaginian  Caelesti-i,  who  has  been  the  notes  of  Salmasius  and  Gruter  in  tne  edition 

declared  to  be   identical  with  Cybele.     The   common  of  the  Scriptores  Hist,  August,  vol.  i.  pp.  465, 406. 

opinion,  that  the  Taurobolic  blood-expiation  had  taken  (Levden   1661.)                        Wm.  B.  Mao  Cabe. 

its  rise  as  an  imiution  of  Christian  baptism,  is  certainly  pj-J^^.^  g^^  Sauveur,  Dinan,  France. 

erroneous;  first,  because  the  right  occurs  onginall}"  at  a 

time  when  the  heathens  did  not  think  of  imitating  a 

ChrisUan  institution,  at  a  time  when  those  who  spoke  IMPORTANT  BIBLICAL  DISCOVERY. 

the    sentiments    of  heathens — Plutarch,    Plinv,    Dion, 

Aristides,  Pausanias-either  knew  nothing  at  ill  of  the  ^salm  8 /-newly  translated. 

Christians,  or  who,  regarding  them  with  silent  contempt,  Jehovah  loveth  the  gates  of  Zion  ; 

did  not  deem  them  to  be  worthy  of  any  notice.  Secondly,  Its  foundations  are  on  the  hoh;  hills. 

it  is  to  be  remembered  that  the  heathens  had,  for  a  long  Jehovah  loveth  the  gates  of  Zion 

time,  a  substitute  for  Christian  baptism,  namely,  their  More  than  all  the  dwellings  of  Jacob. 

own  washings  and  bathings.     It  may,  however,  well  be  Glorious  things  are  spoken  of  thee, 

that  in  the  fourth  century,  when  the  Taurobolia  were  O  thou  city  of  God  for  ever. 

Terv  numerous,  and  the  foremost  ministers  of  the  state  Yea,  of  Zion  it  is  said, 

and  priests  sabmitted  themselves  to  this  disgusting  rite,  The  Lord  Jesus  as  man  shall  be  bom  near  her. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[l-^S.  IV.  JfLv8,'C9. 


And  thfl  Supreme  himself  ih.ll  aUhlisfa 

In  tl.e 

,f  ibe  nBI: 

nsJehovnlidecl 

-This 

all  be  bon 

IwHI 

eckor 

Ktrj'pt  an( 

Bubylon, 

icsi 

Amon 

thojie 

All  my  tboughtB  are  on  Tbee.  ' 

I  suppose  thnt  this  87th  psolm,  which  has  heen  I 
grenllj  obscured  by  mistraDslntionB  and  traiiBpO' 
(itioDs,  is  a  grand  ifrophecT  of  the  birth  of  the 
Ifesaiah,  Jesus  Chnst,  near  Jerusalem,  and  His 
registrntton  when  brought  into  the  temple  thereof  I 
as  an  infaDt.  The  most  earnest  hope  or  expecla- 
tdrm  of  Isr.iel  was  the  birth  of  the  Messiah  ns  the  ' 
glory  of  their  race.  Now  this  Messiah  was  to  be 
ue  Saviour  of  Israel,  and  the  Saviour,  in  Hebrew, 
ia  called  Joshua  or  Jesus.  But  the  uiost  specific  ' 
same  the  Jews  employed  to  designate  Him  was  i 
^'Iihii.  In  this  compound  word  the  A  standafor 
Adontu,  the  Lord,  and  Ishu  for  Jesut  the  Saviour. 
All  this  is  proved  in  Schindler's  Hebrew  die-  | 
tionary.  Read  A-Iihu-aith  rather  than  aish  u  i 
aish.  Tha  common  rendering'  ihii  and  that  man 
was  horn  in  her,  or  near  her,  is  evidently  wrong, 
as  deficient  in  sense,  and  requiring  a  verb  in  tlie 
plural.  The  prophecy  seems  to  allude  not  merely 
to  the  eonvertion  of  the  JewR,  but  likewise  of  the 
surrounding  nations  that  are  mentioued.  That 
prophecy  was  fulfilled,  fur  all  of  them  were  mainly 
Chriatinnised  during  the  first  six  centuries.  Tbis 
psalm  isevideotlv  connected  with  the  19th  chapter 
of  Isaiah,  from  toe  20th  to  the  last  verse.  In  tliis 
it  is  said  concerning  Egypt  and  tlie  other  nations, 
God  shall  send  them  a  Savtow,  a  great  one,  a 
Deliverer.  Did  space  permit,  manj  other  argu- 
ments might  be  bronght  forward  to  show  that 
this  wonderful  psalm  contuns  the  most  distinct 
propbeoj  concerning  Jesus,  by  his  very  name  in 
all  the  Old  Testament,  declaring  that  he  sball  be 
bom  near  Zion,  and  so  He  was,  in  the  neighbour- 
ing village  of  Bethlehem. 

The  passage  is  thus  rendered  in  a  new  metrical 
version  of  the  Psalms,  published  at  Hull,  1836,  a 
■work  abounding  in  the  nighest  poutry ;  — 
"God  ehall  exslt  thy  be«cl, 

And — brighleirt  ctown  th«t  doth  thy  brow  adorn, 
or  tbee  it  .lull  be  said. 

There  was  the  Holy  On«  of  Israel  bom." 
The  most  remarkable  confirmation  of  my  state- 
ment is  the  fiict  tliat  I  possess  the  picture  of  a 
medal  of  Christ,  supposed  by  Dr.  Walsh  and  other 
antiquaries  to  have  been  made  soon  alter  His  cru- 
cifixioo,  which  exhibits  His  profile  with  this  very 
title — A-J*hu,  On  the  back  we  have  these  words : 
"  Messiah  Melak — ba  be— salem  u  auth  Adam 
oahut   Cbai''— Messiah   the   King— be    came   in 

r:e,  and  being  made  the  example  of  mankind 
lives."      Sea  Dr.  Walsh's  Emai/   on   Ancient 
Coim,  MedaU,  and  Gem*,  1830. 

FRANcia  Babhah. 


Victor  Hnoo  on  EtreLiaa  Proper  Names, — 
"  It  was  nemiitled  to  Homer  lo  nod,  and  M.  Victor 
Hugo  must  tie  allowed  bis  nap.  The  Rrvat  novelist  is  not 
riuite  BO  happy  or  soocessriil  upon  the  English  ground  he 
boa  newiv  broken  in  VHommt  qui  Rit  as  be  might  be. 
The  fulloViiig  iiitic  gem  ia  from  the  third  volame  :  — 

"  Sonthwark  then  l^lfiGG]  was  pronounced  Smvlrie  ;  at 
the  present  day  il  b  pronounced  Sownvoro,  or  very  neorly 
so.  In  fact  an  exixUcnt  way  of  prononncing  English 
names  is  not  lo  pronounce  thecn  at  si!.  Tims,  for  Sonth- 
ampton  ssy   Sl^tn.     At  the  same  period  Chatham  waa 

The  above  extract  from  the  Pall  Mall  GaxeU» 
of  April  5  ought  surely  to  be  preserved  in  the 
columns  of "  N.  k  Q."  W.  T.  M. 

HALTEB-DETit  Chapel,  Dbruvshibb,- In  an 
outlying  hamiet  of  the  parish  of  Mugginton  ther© 
is  a  quasi -Palladi an  cnapel,  about  fifteen  feet 
square,  which  is  commonly  known  by  the  abova 
sobriquet.  The  story  is  that  one  Francis  Brown, 
who  had  a  bad  reputation  both  for  drunkenness 
and  for  feeding  his  horses  at  the  expense  of 
his  neighbours,  went  forth  one  night  to  bring 
home  a  truant  steed,  and,  in  spite  of  drink  and 
darkness,  found  tbe  animal  without  dlSlcuity.  On 
reaching  home  and  bringing  out  a  lantern,  he 
discovered  that  the  baiter  was  round  tbe  neck  of 
a  horned  beast,  which  consuence  suggested  must 
he  the  Devil  himself!  He  repented  of  his  evil 
deeds,  and,  by  way  ofatonement,  attached  a  chapel 
to  his  own  little  farm,  which  was  situated  on  a 
stretch  of  land  taken  into  Mugginton  from  the  ad- 
joining parish  of  Hulland.  The  grotesque  attempt 
at  cloasical  architecture  which  the  little  chapel 
presents  contrasts  strangely  enough  with  tbe  farm- 
buildings  to  which  it  is  attBchcd.  I  am  tolcl 
that  it  baa  never  been  consecrated  or  licensed, 
but  a  curate  ofhciates  in  it  once  a  month,  and  re- 
ceives the  rental  of  some  seventeen  acres  of  land, 
which  forms  the  endowment.  On  a  tablet  in  the 
pediment  of  the  chapel  are  the  lines  — 

"  Francis  Brown  in  his  old  age 
BuUl  him  hare  this  hemiiUgo"  ; 
and  the  register  of  Mugginton  parish  contains  the 
following  entry  : — 

"1731,  June  11.  Francis  Bronn  of  Unlland  Watd. 
Buried.  Iniakea  Founder  of  Chappel  in  j*  Intakes  Hnll* 
Ward  lo  be  annened  lo  Mugginton  fur  over  after  death 
of  his  wiiiow,  his  daughter  Si  her  husband  EdwJ  Allen." 

Mugginton  church  has  several  points  of  interest, 
and  1  sbould  be  glad  to  have  an  account  of  the 
,  Kuiveton  brasses  and  the  numerous  coata  of  arms 
I  upon  the  altar-tomb,  which  the  whitewash  has 
I  nearly  obliterated.  The  open  seats  of  rough  oak 
were  made  and  presented  to  the  church,  as  appears 
by  an  inscription,  in  the  year  1(!00  ;  — 

(:tTt  shilling* 

C.J.E. 


4«kS.IV.  July3,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


9 


AscKXsiox-DAY  CusTOM  IN  Florektce.  —  This 
has  been  already  alluded  to  in  "  N.  &  Q.,"  but  I 
cannot  find  the  reference.*  As  a  corroboration 
(though  no  explanation  of  the  usage)  the  follow- 
ing extract  from  the  French  newspaper  of  Florence, 
VltaUe,  is  worthy  of  preservation.  Cannot  some 
correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  explain  the  origin  ? 
There  must  be  some  old  church  legend  that 
affords  the  key.  I  may  observe  that  the  custom 
18  purely  local  and  confined  to  Florence :  — 

"The  popular /ete  of  the  Cascines  was  very  animated. 
The  people  dined  on  the  grass  under  the  lar^etrees.  The 
diUdren  provided  themsdves  with  'sinking  ciickets,' 
■ecording  to  custom.  The  peasants  had  brought  in  some 
thousands  of  these  little  black  insects,  condemned  to  die 
in  their  wicker  prisons  after  having  more  or  less  chanted 
their  melancholy  cri-cri.  For  a  sou,  or  even  less,  a 
^^lon  and  its  small  cage  could  be  bought.  This  usage 
18  enrioas,  and  we  have  not  met  with  it  elsewhere. 
Althoug:h  the  cricket  is  a  favourite  in  all  the  countries  of 
the  temperate  zone,  its  sale  on  Ascension  Day  much  sur- 
prises foreigners.  However,  the  taste  for  possessing 
animals  purely  for  amusement  is  inveterate  in  man,  and 
the  fact  is  curious  to  notice,  that  the  children  of  poor 
people  who  cannot  procure  or  feed  a  doer,  or  even  a  bird, 
content  themselves  with  the  purchase  of  a  cicala." 

James  Henry  Dixon. 

Hjbtre. — The  Howard  Household  Books,  circa 
1482,  published  by  the  Roxburghe  Club,  contain 
an  entry  (p.  292)  of  2$.  Gd.  paid  *<  for  v  yerdes  of 
heyre  for  the  baihowse  at  Stoke  for  the  kelle." 
To'  this  it^m  the  learned  editor,  Mr.  J.  P.  Collier, 
mdds  the  following  note : — 

•"For  the kelle'  is  probably  for  the  kiln,  but  it  is  not 
tasy  to  determine  what  was  meant  by  *  v  yerdes  of  heyre  ' 
ioft  the  bakehouse." 

It  is  clear  that  the  entry  relates  to  five  yards  of 
hair-cloth  to  be  used  in  the  malting-kiln,  just  as 
we  now  use  the  same  material  in  the  oast  house 
for  hop-drying.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
building  wherein  the  "  heyre  "  was  to  bo  employed 
was  the  "  bakhowse."  That  such  a  building  was 
used  for  malt-making  is  proved  by  a  passage  in 
the  will  of  Baldwin  Coksedge  of  Felsham,  who, 
in  1467,  gave  an  easement  in  his  "  bakhows  in 
lawful!  tyme  for  bruynge,  for  bakyng,  and  for 
dreiynge  of  malte."  An  inventory  of  the  goods 
of  Dame  Agnes  Ilungerford  in  1523  tells  us  that 
in  her  brewerv  were  two  **heyrys  for  the  kylue." 
In  1539  the  "Priory  of  Kepton  had  in  its  ^Mcyll 
bouse"  ono  "  heyr  upon  the  kyll."  In  1557  a 
Yorkshire  gentleman  possessed  in  his  *'  kelne 
howse  "  some  *'  old  kelne  hayres."  I  might  easily 
increase  the  examples,  but  more  are  unnecessary. 

Edwabd  J.  Wood. 

Ring  of  Twelve  Bells  at  York. — Accord- 
ing to  my  promise  I  now  annex  the  legends  on  the 
twelve  old  bells  at  York,  which  were  melted 
down  to  a  peal  of  ten,  1765.  They  were  destroyed 

[*  See  «N.  &  Q."  ^"^  S.  xL  438,  601 ;  xii.  492.] 


by  fire.  May  20,  1840,  not  in  1829  as  I  stated 
before,  p.  357  of  the  last  volume. 

Diameter. 
Inches 

1.  Deo  et  Regi  sacrum 24 

2.  Jubilate  Domino.     1681 26| 

3.  ExultateDeo.    1681 28j 

4.  Gloria  in  Excelsis  Deo.    1681         .        .        .30 

5.  Sum  rosa  pulsata  mundo  Maria  vocata  .        .    36 

6.  I  will  sound  and  resound  to  thv  people,  Lord, 

with  my  sweet  voice  to  call  them  to  thy 
word.   1599 39 

7.  Beatus  est  populus  qui  agnoscunt  clangorem. 

1657 42i 

8.  Te  Deum  laudamus.  Johannes  Lake,  resid'as, 

RobertusHitch,  decanus ;  Robertus  Boresby, 
precentor ;  Christopherus  Stone,  canccUa- 
rius.   1671 47 

9.  Petrus  psallo  Petrus  spe 

Tibi  dum  re.sonat  chorus  iste  ....    62^ 

10.  I  sweetly  tolling  men  do  call. 

To  taste*  on  food  that  feeds  the  soul.       1627  .    59 

11.  Funera  deploro,  populura  voco,  festa  decoro. 

Thoma  Dickinson,  milite,  majoris  civis 
£l)oraci  vice  2     sumptus  procurante         .    62J 

12.  Exultemus  Domino.  1627.    Phineas  Hodson, 

cancellarius ;  Wickham,  Archi'nus  Ebor.  .    69^ 


Clyst  St.  George. 


H.  T.  Ellacombe,  M.A. 


Lecky's  "  History  of  Morals  " :  Addison. — 
In  vol.  ii.  p.  176,  Mr.  Leeky  says :  — 

"Arrian,  the  friend  of  Epictetus,  in  his  book  upon 
coursing,  anticipated  the  beautiful  picture  which  Addison 
has  drawn  of  the  huntsman  refusing  to  sacrifice  the  life  of 
the  captured  hare  which  had  given  him  so  much  pleasare 
in  its  flight." 

And  in  a  note  he  adds  — 

"  See  the  curious  chapter  in  his  K  uj^irvf TtxtJs  16,  and 
compare  it  with  No.  116  in  the  Spectator." 

On  referring  to  Kurd's  Addison,  I  find  that  No. 
116  of  the  Spectator  was  not  written  by  Addison. 
This  may  appear  trivial,  as  of  course  we  know 
what  the  author  means.  In  a  work,  however,  the 
conclusions  of  which  are  dependent  on  the  autho- 
rities quoted,  a  mistake  being  detected  in  that  to 
which  reference  can  be  easily  made  might  lead  to 
the  supposition  that  there  are  others  of  far  more 
importance,  if  any  one  had  the  time  or  the  means 
of  comparing  the  citations  with  the  originals. 

C  LARRY. 

Mason  and  Campbell. — The  following  verbal 
coincidence  in  these  two  poets  is  remarkable :  — 

"  .        .        .        she  bowed  to  taste  the  wave." 
(Mason,  epitaph  quoted  iu  "N.  &  Q."  4»h  S.  iii.  547.) 

"  The  Queen  of  Beauty  bowed  to  taste  the  wave," 
(Cam[)bell,  translation  of  chorus  iu  Eur.  Afedea^  836.) 

W.  B.  C. 


10 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  July  8,  W. 


^  Ballt. — What  may  be  the  origin  of  this  word, 
which  forms  part  of  the  name  of  so  many  thousand 
Irish  towns  and  villages  ?  Is  it  Celtic  or  a  modi- 
fication of  the  Danish  word  bolig^  a  dwelling  ? 
The  Banes  may  have  introduced  a  new  style  of 
building  into  the  island ;  and  if  so,  the  Danish 
name  would  naturally  be  adopted,  just  as  the 
Saxons  in  England  adopted  the  Roman  name  of 
ceder,  and  the  Poles  the  Latin  word  dom  (a 
house),  the  art  of  constructing  which  they  had 
learned  from  the  Roman  colonists  on  the  Danube^ 
having  previously  lived  in  tents.  Can  Irish  arch- 
CBologists  give  any  proof  that  the  word  Balli/  was 
used  in  Ireland  pnor  to  the  Danish  invasion  of 
the  country  P  OuTis. 

Risely,  Beds. 

Snt  John  Beaumont. — Can  any  fellow  book- 
lover  favour  me  with  the  use,  for  a  day  or  two, 
of  Mr.  Collier's  reprint  of  the  Metamorphom  of 
Tobacco  P    It  forms  one  of  his  red  series. 

(Rev.)  a.  B.  Grosabi. 

St.  George's,  Blackbam,  Lancashire. 

Cahel. — By  whom  was  the  camel  first  called 
*'  the  ship  of  the  desert "  ?      G.  W.  Tomlinson. 

Bishop  Robert  Ferrar. — I  have  noticed  one 
or  two  inquiries  respecting  Bishop  Ferrar  in  your 
publication,  and  should  be  glad  to  receive  replies 
to  the  following  Queries,  as  I  am  preparing  for 
the  press  a  biograpny  of  this  martyr :  — 

1.  The  authority  for  his  having  been  chaplain 
to  Archbishop  Cranmer. 

2.  The  name  of  the  lady  whom  he  married. 

3.  The  age  at  which  his  son  Samuel  died.* 

J.  C.  11. ,  a  Lineal  Descendant. 

Island  of  Fonseca. — I  shall  be  glad  to  know 
if  any  of  your  readers  can  tell  me  which  of  the 
West  India  Islands  was  first  named  Fonseca  by 
the  Spaniards,  or  whether  the  island  so  called  has 
disappeared  P  The  name  is  found  in  many  old 
maps,  somewhere  about  the  present  position  of 
Barbadoes ;  but  the  histories  of  this  island  do  not 
state  that  it  was  ever  called  after  the  Bishop  of 
Burgos. 

I  see  by  the  published   Calendar  of  Colonial 
State  Papers  that  some  information  may  be  de- 
rived from  them,  and  I  hope  some  one  will  refer  ; 
to  the  original  documents.    I  extract  the  follow-  j 
ing  from  the  Calendar :  —  j 

"Nov.  26,  1G32.  Kesolutions  for  raising  money  to  carry  j 
out  Captain  Hilton's  design  for  discovery  of  the  Island  of 
Fonseca." 

"  Mar.  4.  1633.  The  Master's  instructions  for  Fonseca 
drawn  up,  letters  to  be  written  to  Captain  Hilton,  con- 

[*  Some  biographical  particulars  of  Bishop  Ferrar  are 
^ven  in  the  Gent/einan'n  Magazine^  Ixi.  (ii.)»  603 ;  and 
in  the  numbers  for  March  and  April,  1848,  pp.  246,  360. 
Consult  also  Cooper*8  Athena  Cantab,  i.  125.— £d.] 


taining  directions  in  case  discovery  is  not  made  of  that 
Island,  or  that  it  be  found  unfit  for  habitation." 

"  Mar.  26,  1633.  After  debate,  the  intended  voyage  to 
Fonseca  is  respited." 

Thos.  D.  Hill. 

GnosT  Stories. — I  am  anxious  to  obtain  some 
really  well  authenticated  narratives  of  apparitions 
or  other  "  supernatural "  manifestations,  not  for 
the  gratification  of  a  mere  idle  curiosity,  but  with 
the  design  of  investigating,  if  possible,  the  real 
nature  of  these  interesting  and  mysterious  phe- 
nomena. Out  of  the  many  stories  about  ghosts 
which  one  meets  with,  few  are  supported  by 
reliable  authority,  and  still  fewer  are  attested  by 
the  evidence  of  persons  now  living.  I  have  no 
doubt  that  many  readers  of  **  N.  &  Q."  are 
acquainted  with  stories  of  this  kind,  and  I  shall 
feel  deeply  obliged  to  any  one  who  communicates 
with  me  (in  confidence)  upon  the  subject.  I  may 
add  that  one  case  of  actual  personal  obsers'ation  is 
here  worth  dozens  of  hearsays.  B.  W. 

Union  Society,  Oxford. 

Early  Gkwes  at  Barnet-bt-le-Wold. — Id 
opening  the  ground  for  intermeuta  in  the  church- 
yard of  Barnet-by-le-Wold,  Lincolnshire,  in  places 
where  the  surface  shows  no  signs  of  previous 
occupation,  ancient  graves  or  rather  vaults  are 
frequently  found  made  with  small  blocks  of  chalk,, 
the  material  of  the  soil.  The  blocks  have  evi- 
dently been  roughly  shaped,  but  not  cut  with  any 
tool,  and  are  fitted  together  so  tis  to  leave  a  cavity 
for  the  corpse.  This  cavity  exactly  resembles 
that  of  an  ancient  stone  coftin,  widening  from  the 
feet  to  the  shoulders,  contracting  at  the  neck, 
leaving  a  slightly  oval  hollow  for  the  head.  These 
graves  are  closely  covered  with  slab- like  blocks 
of  chalk :  on  opening  them,  no  trace  of  metal  or 
wood  is  found,  only  a  perfect  skeleton  and  a  slight 
appearance  of  brownish  dust  on  the  chalk  slabs  at 
the  bottom.  These  graves  lie  east  and  west  I 
wish  to  know  whether  this  mode  of  interment 
occurs  in  other  places,  and  at  what  period  it 
prevailed.  B.  S» 

Journals  of  the  late  Mr.  Hunter. — The 
absence  of  any  memoir  of  the  late  Joseph  Hunter 
in  the  new  edition  of  Hallamshirey  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Gatty,  has  produced  both  sui-priso  and  regret, 
however  it  mav  be  accounted  for.  It  is  gratify- 
ing to  know  that,  on  the  hasty  conversion  into 
money  of  everything  accumulated  by  the  taste 
and  industry  of  Mr.  Hunter — the  sources  at  once 
of  his  pecuniary  and  his  literary  competence — so 
many  of  his  manuscripts  found  their  way  into  the 
British  Museum.  Among  these,  according  to  a 
biographical  notice  iu  The  Inquirer^  and  now  be- 
fore me,  is  *'  a  long  series  of  volumes,  comprising* 
his  correspondence  and  biographical  collections, 
and  which  would  afford  valuable  materials  to 
the  writer  of  his  life."    I  am  told,  however,  that 


4'»S.1V.Joly8,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


tbU  collection  does  Dot  include  a  personal  diary, 


kept  for  msDj  jeftrs  by  the  learned  and  e 
able  historian,  and  for  which  eighty  guineas  was 
offered  at  the  sale  above  nliuded  to  by  some  per- 
son from  Shellield.  I  wouid  ask  whether  this 
Btatemeot  is  correct?  And  if  so,  who  ia  at  pre- 
sent the  owDer  of  the  interesting  document  in 
question?  J.  H. 

Parodies. — As  I  want,  for  an  Eaaay  on  Parody, 
to  know  exactly  which  are  the  ballads  really  pa- 
rodied in  Bon  Oaultier's  Book  of  Ballads,  I  should 
feel  extremely  obliged  to  you  if  you  wonld  kindly 
inform  me  who  are  the  authora  of  the  ballads  in 
that  case,  in  the  new  edition  of  the  book,  186B. 
Dblkpiebbe. 

3a.  HoirUy  Place,  M>>da  HiU. 

Tn£  Playfa.111  Familt. — I  am  most  deidmua 
of  tracing  the  pedigree  of  this  somewhat  ancient 
Scottish  house.  So  far  aa  I  can  discover,  a 
Dumbei  of  families  of  the  name  have  been  set- 
tled in  the  parish  of  Beudochy,  Perthshire,  for 
more  than  two  centuries.  Several  members  of 
the  house  have  become  disUnguished  for  their 
literary  and  scientific  attaiomenta,  and  I  am  not 
aware  that  any  of  the  name  occupy  an  inferior 
social  position.  CnAitLEa  Rooeks,  LL.D. 

Snowdoun  Villa,  Lewisbani,  S.E. 

Pbiek  PoauAS. — Was  Peter  Pomhas,  a  Dutch 
painter  (bom  at  Gouda  1510  or  tbereabouc,  and 
who  died  at  Bruges  1663),  ever  in  England? 
And  if  ao,  at  what  lime,  and  what  style  of  pic- 
turen  did  he  paint — portraitn  or  landscapes?  Is 
he  mentioned  in  Womum's  Life  of  Holban  ?  I 

TnoMAS  E,  WisMiNOTOK,     | 

QuOTATtOHS  WANTED. — Who  waa  it  that  said 
of  Youn<;'s  Night  TltouyhU,  that  they  had  been 
"  slowly  condensed  from  the  charcoal  of  ancestral  I 
sermons"?  W.  N.  Williams,     j 

Chelsea.  I 

In  Oldniixon's  British  Empire  in  America,  pub- 
lished in  1708  (i.  42-3),  llie  following  paragraph 
will  be  found ;  —  ' 

Tfatr  Troables  of  Ihe  Dimenlers  continuing  at  home, 
Sir  Maltbew  Brnitoa.  Sir  William  CouBUble,  Sir  Arthur 
Baslfrij!,  John  Hampden,  Esq ,  Oliver  Cromwell,  l-sq.,  . 
?iaiDe>  too  well  known  in  the  IKitoriei  of  Kngland,  and  I 
eevei«l  other  Gentlemen,  were  preparing  to  remove  to  I 
New  En|;biid ;  at  wLich  both  the  Church  and  Slate  were  ! 
"leBOthof  April[in  marKin*1637'| 


iiisii 


eriy 


Importing  bis  Majesty's  Sn^ect 

lout  ■  Lioenee  iVom  bis  Majesty's  Commisviimers ; 

"    "mncil,  That  the  UrdTrea- 


vitb< 
And 

surer  of  England  should  take  speedy  and  elTcetual 
Conrse  to  stay  eiKht  sliip^  in  the  Hiver  of  Thamea,  bound 
for  Hew  England,  and  Commanded  that  all  the  Tassen- 
gen  and  Provinons  should  be  landed.  All  Unconform- 
able Ministers  were  also  to  be  slopp'd  ;  which  proceeding, 
lays  a  Doctor  of  onr  Church,  incrtatid  the  Munn'.ri  and 
CbaqAnirii  of  lie  People  tlmi  reitmia'd,  and  rmt'd  llu 


Criel  of  a  dtmble  FerKCvtioit  ;  to  be  cei'd  at  honu  and 
•ml  isffn-'d  to  irrt  Peace  or  a  Refuge  abroad."  • 

I  I  wish  (o  learn  the  name  of  the  author  of  the 
'  quotation  in  italics,  and  also  from  what  book  the 
quotation  b  taken  ?  John  Wabd  Dban. 

Boston,  United  States. 

RUHBT  OK  HtJSHnr. — Where  can  I  find  a  pedi- 
gree of  this  family,  believed  to  be  of  Yorkshire 
or  Lincolnshire  f  Berry  and  Robsou  give  the 
arms  as  Argent  a  saltier  eugr,  sa.  between  four 
roses  gu.  and  seeded  or.  W.  II.  Cottkll. 

Briiton.  S.W. 

A  Sbverb  Couplet:  Nova  Scotia  Babonets, 
Sir  Bernard  Burke,  in  the  "  Introductory  Essay 
on  the  Position  of  the  British  Gentry"  (p.  vii.) — 
see  his  Genealogical  and  Heraldic  Dictionary  of 
I  the  Landed  Gentry,  London,  18G8 — Buys :  — 
I       "  The  feelin^a  occasioned  among  the  older  Scottish 

"  Your  serVart,  Sir  James,  your  servant,  Sir  John, 
Noble  knights  every  one : 
Thanks  to  our  sovereigns,  James  and  Charles, 

Is   the   name   of  the   author   of  this   couplet 
known,  and  who  were  the  knights  referred  to? 
Geoboe  Morris, 

Bloomsbury. 

SlMPHON.— In  Add.  MS.  5820,  f.  13,  British 
Museum,  are  depositions  against  Jolin  Simpson, 
Vicar  of  Mount  Bures,  Essex,  who  is  stated  in 
the  pedigree  of  the  family,  recorded  in  Dugdale's 
Visitation  of  Yorkshire,  1065,  to  have  died  un- 
married; but  that  be  left  two  nephews,  William 
Simpson  of  ShefSeld,  and  Lancelot  Simpson  of 
Stoke  Neyland,  in  Suffolk.  It  would  be  a  great 
Tavour  if  any  readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  could  eive  me 
any  information  about  the  Sloke  Neyland  branch. 
There  was  a  family  named  Simpson  of  Bures 
St.  Mary  (Harl.  MS.  1543,  fol.  104  b) ;  and  in 
Morant's  time  a  family  named  Simpson,  who  bore 
the  same  arms  as  belonged  to  John  Simpson, 
Vicar  of  Mount  Bures,  owned  estates  at  Lamarsh, 
the  adjoining  parish  to  Bures  St.  Mary.  Can  any 
))ersou  acquainted  with  Essex  and  Suffolk  pedi- 
grees inform  mo  if  the  Simpsons,  or  Simsons, 
iif  Mount  Bures,  Bures  St.  Mary,  and  Lamarsh, 
were  one  and  the  same  family? 

R.  D.  DAWSotf-DuFFiELD,  LL.D. 

SephtoD  Rectory.  Liverpool. 

Samuel  Spekd,  .\iiTnoR  of  "  Prison  -  Pi  etib" 
(1677).  —  In  Iiis  epistle  dedicatory  to  Gilbert, 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  this  fine  old  singer  of 
the  scliool  of  Herbert  and  Washhoume  and  Har- 
vey tells  us  that  his  "deceased  grandfather"  waa 
"  Mr.  John  Speed,  the  English  Chronologer  and 

[  •  'i'he  qnesttonsbTe  sUtement  of  Cromwell's  intended 
liight  to  America  has  been  already  noticed  in  "K.  t  Q." 
a"-"  S.  ii.  152  i  S'-S.  ji.ro.- Ed.] 


12 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[*ttS.IV.  Jolt8.*«9. 


Iftliorious  Oenealognr."  Cnn  any  one  help  me  to 
something  nbotit  Samuel  Speed  from  this  note  P 
I  am  anxious  tn  find  out  how  it  cnme  that  hs  woa 
"  Friaoner  in  Ludgnte,  London,"  and  otherwiM 
to  know  Bomethiiig  about  Lim. 

A.  B.  Gkosaet. 
BUckbam. 

Thk  StOBEBTS,  —  Profeasor  Miinch,  in  Ilia 
"  libellus  SymbolfB  nd  IliaUirinin  Aatiq.  Ni>r- 
vegisB,"  read  at  the  Solemnia  AcadeoiicB,  June  18, 
1B50,  laug-hB  at  English  writers  for  calling  the 
Sfihop  of  Man  the  Bishop  of  Sudor  and  Man,  as 
the  Suderejs  no  longer  belong  Ui  the  see  of  Man. 
The  Hiebudffi  islands,  he  snya,  wore  in  the  middle 
wes  called  "  Sodorenaea,"  from  a  corruption  of  the 
Norwegiaa  designation  SuHrei/iar,  from  SiiSr, 
south.  What  are  the  names  of  these  islaods  ? 
Dr.  Oliver,  in  his  Mmivmpiita  tie  Insula  Mannix 

S.  177,  note),  sajs  tha^  included  Arran,  Bute, 
umbrte,  lonn,  and  Mann ;  but  in  a  Vatican  list 
cited  hj  Miiai:b  I  have  seen,  if  I  mistake  not, 
Mann  and  Hii  only  mentioned.  Can  any  learned 
corrBspondent  furnish  a  complete  liat  of  th^mP 
A.  E.  L. 
"Thb  Vjoar  of  Beat."— Has  any  one  noticed 
a  song  culled  "The  Tumcnat,"  published  in  an 
old  edition  of  The  Tforki  of  Samuel  Bulla?  Tho 
«ir  given  is,  "  Loudon  is  a  line  town."  I  have 
little  doubt  that  the  well-linowD  song  of  "  The 
Vicar  of  Bray  "  was  not  the  first  song-satire  oq 
the  changeful  parsoo.  1  extract  a  verse  or  two  of 
"The  Turncoat":  — 

"  1  loved  no  king  since  forty-one, 
When  prelacy  went  down  (lira)  i 
A  oloak  and  bnnil  I  then  put  on, 
And  piDDChed  against  tliD  crown  (sin). 
Chona. 

Thai  caniB  to  admiration, 

And  pnva  (br  any  kin^t  (o  gain 

The  people's  admirstiDB. 

"  Wlien  Charled  rptnmod  nnto  our  land, 
Th«  English  Charcb  supporter, 

And  so  became  a  courtier. 
"  The  king's  re)i{(ion  I  professeil. 

And  fuund  there  wa>no  liarm  in't ; 
1  coued  and  flallered  like  the  rest, 

FiTZGnBSE. 

[•  Mr  Chappall  bug  not  referred  to  thii  ballad  in  his 
PynOir  Sliaio  of  the  OLIen  Timt,  either  in  hie  notice  of 
the"  Vicar  of  Brav"  or  hii  Mill  more  ample  »nd  interest- 
ing  notice  of  the  luue  of  "I*ndon  ii  a  line  tonn."  A 
■Imilar  ballad,  entitled  "ATunicont  of  the  'iime.s"id 
primed  in  Wilfclni's  t^Uieal  Ballad.,  ed.  18S0,  i.  IK7.— 
Eu.-'N.AQ.*'] 


The  L.vDiEs  of  Llaksollkn.  —  Will  any  of 
the  readers  of  "  N.  &  y."  Imiilly  inform  me  whero 
is  to  be  found  the  bestaccount  of  these  eccentricaP 
Recently  I  bought  in  Cardiff  a  photngram  of 
them  in  their  walking  costume,  and  another  of 
them  in  their  library.  I  shall  be  greatly  obliged 
to  any  one  who  will  tel!  me  where  I  can  find  the 


['■The  Ladies  of  tlie  Vaie,"  as  they  are  familiarly 
styled,  were  Lady  Eleanor  Butler  and  Miss  Sarah  Pon- 
aonby.  Thoformerwns  the  yoiingeBC  daughter  of  Waller 
Butler,  E«].,  by  Eleanor,  eldest  duughtcr  of  Ificbolas 
Morria,  of  the  Court,  co.  Dublin.  Her  only  brother 
John  claimed  and  obtained  his  ancestral  earldom  of 
Ormonde  In  1791.  The  blhei  of  ber  companion  vas 
Chnoibre  Bnibazon  Ponsonby,  Esq.,  by  his  second  wife, 
LouiHO,  dau);hter  of  John  Lyons,  of  Mount,  co.  of  West- 
meuth,  Esq.  By  her  rDiullr  connection  Mi<ia  Pousonby 
waaa  cuuiin  of  the  Earl  of  Bessbi^rnugb. 

The  history  of  theso  two  remarkable  ladiea  la  fnll  of 
incident,  and  ha?  been  frequently  told.  By  a  singular 
coincidence,  they  were  both  bom  in  Dublin,  according  to 
some  accounts,  oil  the  Mme  day  in  the  eame  year ;  and 
they  both  lost  their  parents  at  the  same  lime ;  so  that 
these  orphans  aetmed  intended  by  tho  hand  of  PruvidmcB 
for  mutual  iympalhy.  They  were  brought  up  tiigether, 
and  as  they  grew  in  years,  talked  over  the  similarity  of 
their  fatea,  and  easily  persuaded  themaeivea  they  wcra 
designed  by  Heaven  to  posa  Ibrongh  life  together.  They 
spent  much  of  their  time  at  the  caalle  of  Kilkenny,  tbe 
Beat  of  the  Ormonde  family,  where  they  were  obwrved  to 
shun  the  society  of  othera,  and  olnaya  to  seek  retirement 


One  n 


hey  V 


were  at  length  discovered  in  disgnisB  on  board 
chanfa  vessel,  abont  to  sail  fmm  the  harbour  of  Wi 
ford.  They  were  brought  back,  for  a  time  eepari 
and  every  means  taken  to  wean  them  from  the  mu 
attachment  for  each  other.  In  the  year  1778,  they  n^ 
port,  embarked   i 


Wale 


mded  n 


Webli 


Here  they  aetlled  down,  and  began 
those  improvements  on  tho  bleak  and  bare  rocks  which 
now  adorn  the  lovely  Vale  of  Llangollen. 

Hie  fomc  of  these  elegant  but  eccentric  young  ladie* 
becoming  known  in  literary  circle",  their  society  was 
sought  by  many  foreigners  of  rank.  Among  othen  per- 
mitted to  visit  them  was  Madame  do  Genii;,  who  baa 
done  them  but  justice  iu  her  Smatairt  dt  Felicir.  She 
was  at  Uury-Sl.-Edmuuds,  necompanied  by  Mademoiselle 
d'Url^ans,  where  she  met  Lord  Castlercagh ;  and  baviog 
observed  that  she  would  travel  very  far  to  vidt  two  per- 
sons united  by  the  bonds  of  sincere  (Hendship,  "Then," 
aaid  his  lordship,  "  visit  Llangollen,  and  you  will  see  s 
perfect  moilel  of  friendship,"  She  went,  and,  with  her 
young  pmtrget,  was  kindly  received.  They  were  visited 
in  1796   by   Misa  Anno  Seward,  who  has  paid  them  « 


4*  S.  IV.  July  3,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


13 


beautiful  poetic  tribute,  <*  Llangollen  Yak,"  of  which  the 
following  arc  the  concluding  lines  :— 

**  Through  Eleanora  and  her  Zara*s  mind 

Early  though  genius,  taste,  and  fkncy  flowed. 
Though  all  the  graceful  arts  their  powers  combined, 
And  her  last  polish  brilliant  life  bestowed ; 
The  lavish  promises  in  life's  soft  mom. 
Pride,  pomp,  and  love,  their  friends  the  sweet  enthu- 
siasts scorn.'' 

It  was  about  the  year  1826  that  Lady  Eleanor's  health 
began  to  decline,  and  her  sight,  which  was  never  strong, 
bad  totally  failed.  It  was  now  that  her  attached  partner 
exerted  her  enei^ies  in  all  the  offices  of  love  and  duty 
for  her  blind  companion,  over  whom  she  tenderly  watched 
like  an  angel  of  mercy.  It  was  not  long  afterwards  that 
**  Zara's  luok  serene  "  was  called  to  part  for  ever  in  this 
world  with  ** gay  £leanora*s  smile'*;  for  the  latter  was 
taken  away  on  June  2,  1829 ;  and  it  was  not  till  Decem- 
ber 8, 1831,  that  her  accomplished  and  desolate  friend  was 
called  to  rejoin  her  in  another  and  better  state.  In  a 
triangular  pyramid  in  the  churchyard  of  Plassnewydd, 
with  three  tablets,  are  inscribed  the  names  of  Lady 
Eleanor  Butler,  Miss  Sarah  Ponsonby,  and  their  faithful 
friend  and  servant  Mary  Carryl. 

As  wc  have  stated,  the  personal  history  ot  these  ladies 
has  been  frequently  written.  Miss  Anna  Seward's  ac- 
count is  reprinted  in  Burke's  Patrician,  ed.  1848,  v.  485. 
Consult  also  the  British  Bfagazine  of  1830,  p.  8,  edited 
by  S.  C.  Hall ;  the  GeiUUnuxtCs  Magazine  for  August, 
1829,  p.  175,  and  March,  1832,  p.  274.  Views  of  Plas- 
newydd  Cottage,  Llangollen,  have  been  frequently  pub- 
lished ;  and  there  is  also  a  portrait  of  '*  The  Ladies  of 
Llangollen,"  painted  by  Lady  Leighton  and  lithographed 
by  Lane.] 

^'  Castles  in  the  Air." — Who  first  used  this 
phrase,  and  where  P  I  find  Burton  has  it  in  his 
Anatomy  of  Melancholy y  ed.  1624,  p.  81 : — "  How 
many  chimaeras,  antics,  golden  opinions,  and  cas- 
tles in  the  air  do  they  build  unto  themselves." 
But  he  may  be  quoting  it,  as  he  quotes  '^  golden 
opinions"  from  Shakespeare.  Burton  also  uses 
the  expression  in  his  poetical  Abstract  of  Melan- 
choly : — 

.  "  When  I  build  castles  in  the  air, 
Void  of  sorrow,  void  of  fear." 

James  J.  Lamb. 
Underwood  Cottage,  Paisley. 

[In  the  last  edition  (1868)  of  Bartlett's  Familiar  Quo- 
tatioMf  Appendix,  p.  G03,  we  find  references  to  the  use  of 
this  phrase  by  the  following  writers :  Stirling,  SunnetSj  S. 
€ ;  Burton  (as  quoted  by  our  correspondent) ;  Sidney, 
Defence  of  Poetry ;  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Letter  to  a 
Friend;  Giles  Fletcher,  Chrisfs  History^  part  ii. ;  besides 
others  to  Swift,  Broome,  Fielding,  Cibber,  Churchill, 
Shenstone,  and  Lloyd.] 

German  Names  of  Days  op  the  Week. — 
When  were  the  names  of  the  days  of  the  week 
adopted  by  the  German  races  first  used?     Were 


they  copied  or  imitated  from  the  names  in  use 
with  the  Latin  races?  Monday  =  Xun(^';  Tues- 
day, or  Tuesc's  day  =  Mardi;  Woden's  day  =  Jfcr- 
credi  (Woden  is  the  Mercury  of  the  Germans  in 
most  of  his  attributes)  ;  Thor's  day= Jeudi;  Friga's 
dtky  =^  Tendredi  (Venus*  day);  Saturday  =  ^Scrm- 
medi.    This  parallelism  is  suggestive. 

Henry  H.  Howorth. 

[This'interesting  subject  is  treated  very  fully  by  Grimm 
in  bis  Deutsche Mytholoffie  (ed.  1844),  s.  ill.  where  he  tells 
us  that,  from  the  first  to  the  sixth  or  eighth  centuries, 
the  names  in  the  Latin  Calendar  were  uninterruptedly 
used  by  the  learned,  and  so  intermingled  with  those 
peculiar  to  people  of  the  races  of  Gaul  and  Germany  —  a 
fact  which,  in  his  opinion,  throws  some  light  upon  the 
extraordinary  manner  in  which  the  heathen  names  of 
the  days  were  impressed  upon  one  half  of  Europe.] 

Copyright.  —  What  was  the  law  of  copyright 
during  1835-43  ?  My  impression  is  that  the  copy- 
right of  a  book  then  endured  for  twenty-eight 
years,  or  during  the  life  of  the  author  if  he  out- 
lived that  term.  If  I  am  correct  in  this,  would 
the  conveyance  of  the  copyright  of  certain  tales 
to  a  periodical  render  those  tales  the  absolute 
property  of  the  publisher  even  beyond  the  twenty- 
eight  years — the  author  being  alive — to  the  effect 
that  the  said  publisher  could  then  sell  or  assign 
the  copyright  to  others  without  consent  of  the 
author?  or  would  the  copyright  revert  to  the 
author  at  the  end  of  twenty-eight  years  ? 

When  did  the  existing  law  extending  copyright 
to  forty-two  years  come  into  force  ?  L.  B. 

Junior  Carlton  Club. 

[In  183o  the  Act  of  54  Geo.  III.  c.  156,  was  in  force, 
which  gave  to  authors  twenty-eight  years*  copyright  in 
their  works,  and  for  the  remainder  of  their  lives.  By 
the  5  (fe  6  Vict.  c.  45,  passed  in  1842,  the  copyright  was 
for  the  natural  life  of  the  author,  and  for  seven  years 
after  his  death;  but  if  such  seven  years  expired  before 
the  end  of  forty-two  years  from  the  first  publication,  the 
copyright  was  in  that  case  to  endure  for  such  period  of 
forty- two  years. 

The  question  as  to  the  right  of  copyright  in  the  tales 
referred  to  by  our  corre-pondent  is  a  question  of  law,  on 
which  we  should  not  think  of  giving  an  opinion,  even  if 
we  had  before  us  the  agreement  entered  into  between 
author  and  publisher  upon  the  subject,  upon  the  stipula- 
tions contained  in  which  of  course  the  whole  question 
turns.] 

Denys  Godefroi  .  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  whether  any  members  of  the  lamily  of  the 
great  Protestant  jurist  Denys  Godofroi  (born  1549, 
died  at  Strasburg  1022)  emigrated  to  England, 
and  whether  any  of  their  descendants  settled  in 
Suffolk  or  Essex  ?  Zetetb. 

[Our  correspondent  will  find  in  "  The  Catalogue  of  the 
Names  of  the  Artizans,  Strangers,  Denizens,  and  Engliah 
born  of  the  Wallon  Congregation  of  Canterbuiy,"  printed 


14 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«>  S.  IV.  July  3,  »6». 


by  Mr.  Darrant  Cooper  in  his  List  of  Foreign  Protestants 
and  Aliens  resident  in  England  1618-1688,  from  Returns 
in  the  State  Paper  Office  (Camden  Society,  1862),  p.  7, 
the  name  of**  Franfois  Godefroy  "  in  the  division  headed 
**  Strangers."  As  we  find  no  mention  of  him  in  Mr.  Smiles' 
interesting  volame.  The  Huguenots;  their  Settlements, 
ChurcheSy  and  Industries  in  England  and  Ireland,  we  pre- 
sume Mr.  Smiles  failed  in  tracing  any  existing  members 
of  the  family.] 

WILLIAM  COMBE,  AUTHOR   OF  "THE   TOURS 

OF  DR.  SYNTAX." 

(4*'»  S.  iii.  645,  569,  589.) 

Without  attempting  to  enter  on  the  question  of 
how  far  the  view  taken  by  Mr.  John  Camden 
Hotten  of  the  life  and  character  of  William 
Combe  can  be  stretigthened  at  every  point  by 
*'the  logic  of  facts" — a  matter  which  may  be 
more  suitably  dealt  with,  if  be  considers  it  worth 
while,  by  Mr.  Hotten  in  person — allow  me  to  in- 
dicate certain  features  in  the  articles  of  your 
correspondent  W.  P.  which  give  to  a  looker-on 
like  myself,  interested  in  the  subject  but  having 
nothing  at  stake  in  the  controversy,  the  impres- 
sion tliat,  whether  or  not  Mr.  Hotten  can  prove  a 
case  in  favour  of  Combe,  W.  P.  has  not  proved 
his  case  against  Mr.  Hotten.  Those  who  pull 
down  a  theory  on  the  plea  that  the  evidence 
brought  for  it  is  insufficient,  should  be  especially 
careful  that  the  evidence  they  bring  against  it  is 
incontrovertible.  A  series  of  conjectural  objec- 
tions might  be  raised  against  almost  every  memoir 
that  has  been  written;  and  when  rumours,  the 
authority  for  all  of  which  is  substantially  equal, 
contradict  each  other,  there  is  little  gained  to 
accuracy  by  their  mere  substitution.  W.  P.  un- 
doubtedly shows  that  the  date  at  which  a  Mr. 
Combe  died  while  canvassing  Bristol  is  incor- 
rectly given  by  Mr.  Hotten ;  but  it  surfely  does 
not  follow  that  William  Combe  was  not  the  son 
of  a  Bristol  merchant  of  similar  name — since,  on 
W.  P.*s  own  showing,  they  were  so  numerous — 
or  even  of  that  very  Bristol  merchant,  though 
the  date  assigned  for  his  death  is  inaccurate.  The 
expression  attributed  to  Alderman  Alexander — 
he  "ought  to  have  been"  William  Combe's 
father — does  not  seem  a  very  probable  one,  if 
Combo  were  really  his  illegitimate  son.  And  as 
W.  P.  requires  such  great  exactitude  from  others, 
with  regard  to  names,  dates,  and  authorities,  it  is 
not  hypercritical  to  ask  on  what  ground  he  makes 
the  assertion  that  Combe  himself  avowed  the 
real  nature  of  his  connection  with  the  alderman 
"  to  his  later  friends." 

The  letter  to  Rousseau  does  not  seem  very  im- 
portant testimony.  If  Combe  had  quarrelled  with 
and  isolated  himself  from  his  relations  (to  adopt 


W.  P.'s  hypothetical  style — (conjecture  can  be 
fairly  met  by  conjecture,  taking  care  to  premise 
that  we  do  not  put  forth  our  speculations  as  mat- 
ters of  fact),  he  would  have  been  very  likely  to 
say,  in  the  high-flown  and  sentimental  fashion 
then  in  vogue,  **I  have  neither  fortune  nor 
friends;  I  have  neither  father  nor  mother,  nor 
brother  nor  sister."  He  does  not  say  he  has  never 
knovm  such  relations,  or  possessed  such  advan- 
tages— a  much  more  melancholy,  as  well  as  more 
exact  statement,  if  W.  P.*s  theory  is  correct. 

I  may  observe  en  passant  that,  in  whatever 
reprobation  one  may  hold  Jsan-Jacques  as  a  man, 
it  shows  bad  taste  to  characterise  a  writer  of  such 
acknowledged  eminence  as  Rousseau  by  the  term 
"  Combe's  fellow-scoundrel." 

The  Letters  to  MaHanne  appear  to  be  wrapped 
in  a  haze  of  conjecture  on  both  sides.  Anony- 
mous MS.  annotations  are  not  of  much  value  as 
evidence,  unless  there  is  something  like  certainty 
as  to  their  actual  though  unavowcd  authorship. 
W.  P.'s  inference  clearly  is,  that  these  severe 
marginal  notes  are  by  Mr.  Ackermann ;  yet,  in 
the  latter's  preface  to  the  Letters  to  Amelia^  ho 
throws  a  doubt  on  the  authenticity  of  the  Letters 
to  Marianne — a  pretence  which  he  could  scarcely 
have  made  had  he  been  so  intimately  acquainted 
with  every  detail  of  their  composition  as  the  an- 
notator  professes  to  be. 

It  is  somewhat  disingenuous  to  say,  after  ad- 
mitting the  sincerity  of  Combe*s  repentance,  that 
he  — 

*'  woald  not  have  been  now  branded  as  an  habitual 
breaker  of  the  Commandments  if  Mr.  Hotten  had  not 
adopted  the  extraordinary  course  of  saying  that  his  hero 
*  had  no  vivious  tastes '  prefatory  to  the  stories  about 
his  gaming,  his  thieving,  his  intriguing,  his  marrying 
discreditablv  for  the  sake  of  money,  and  his  libelling  the 
friends  of  his  earlier  davs." 

Any  one  reading  this  passage  in  W.  P.'s  article, 
and  unacquainted  with  Mr.  Hotten's  memoir, 
would  infer  that  he  (Mr.  Hotten  J  endorsed  the 
scandals ;  whereas  he  only  mentions  them  to  say 
that,  in  his  opinion,  the  worst  charges  against 
Combe  were  exaggerated  or  unfounded  gossip,  in- 
consistent with  the  known  facts  of  his  life. 

Prima  facie  it  seems  tolerably  clear  that  the 
man  of  whom  Horace  Smith  was  not  ashamed 
to  say  that  he  visited  him  at  his  ^^  suburban  re- 
treat "  in  the  Lambeth  Road,  "  and  never  left 
without  admiring  his  various  acquirements  and 
the  philosophical  equanimity  with  which  he  en- 
dured his  reverses,"  could  scarcely  have  been  the 
unmitigated  "  scoundrel "  W.  P.  describes. 

Finally,  it  is  to  be  supposed  that  Dr.  Doran  took 

some  pains  to  ascertam  Combe's  real  character 

and  career  before  discussing  them;  and  he  says 

{Last  Journals  of  Horace  Walpole,  ii.  185 :)  — 

"  William  Combe,  after  a  creditable  career  at  Eton 
and  Oxford,  burst  on  the  world  as  a  wonderfully  well- 
dressed  LeaUf  and  was  received  with  iclat  for  the  sake  of 


4«»  a.  IV.  JtXT  8,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


15 


his  -wealth,  talents,  grace,  and  personal  beanty.  He  was 
popularly  called  'Count  Combe,'  till  his  extravagance 
had  dissipated  a  noble  fortune ;  and  then,  addressing  him- 
self to  literature,  the  Count  was  forgotten  in  the  author. 
In  the  Gentleman's  Magcuine  for  May,  1852,  there  is  a 
list  of  his  works,  originally  furnished  by  his  own  hand. 
Not  one  was  published  witlb  his  name,  and  they  amount 
in  number  to  sixty  eight.  Among  them  are  Dr,  Syntax 
and  Lord/jytteUmCa  Letters— for  Combe  was  the  author 
of  many  other  people's  works.  Combe  was  a  *  teetotaller ' 
in  the  days  when  drunkenness  was  in  fashion,  and  was  re- 
markable for  disinterestedness  and  industry.  He  was  the 
friend  of  Hannah  More,  whom  he  loyed  to  make  weep  by 
improvised  romances,  in  which  he  could  *  pile  the  agony ' 
with  wonderful  effect.'  He  worked  on  steadily  till  he  bad 
passed  his  eightieth  year,  and  uftimately  died  in  Lambeth 
Road  (which  I  am  afraid  was  within  the  *  Rales')  in  1823. 
At  no  period  of  his  life  did  he  merit  such  strong  censure 
as  Walpolc  has  flung  at  him ;  but  Walpole,  however 
fond  of  satire,  hated  satirists,  particularly  when  they 
were  fearless  and  outspoken  like  Combe.  Religbos  faith 
and  hope  enabled  William  Combe  to  triumph  over  the 
sufferings  of  hb  latter  years.  His  second  wife,  the  sister 
of  the  gentle  and  gifted  Mrs.  Cosway,  survived  him." 

S.  R.  TOWWSHBND  Mat£B^  F.R.S.L. 

25,  Norfolk  Street,  Strand,  W.C. 


In  page  viiL  of  its  prefatory  advertisement,  s 
list  of  some  of  Combe's  works  also  includes  Alt 
the  Talents :  and  the  last  half  of  No.  10  of  those 
Letters,  here  copied  literally ,  is  — 

"  I  cannot  express  how  much  I  am  obliged  by  your 
allowing  me  to  make  you  the  depositary  of  some  of  my 
rubbish  :  but  be  that  as  it  may,  you  may  be  assured  that 
I  have  a  value  fur  it,  or  I  should  not  present  it  to  your 


care. 


THE  WORKS  OF  WILLIAM  COMBE. 
(4«''  S.  iii.  406,  466.) 

A  reply  as  to  the  authorship  of  the  Life  of 

Napoleon  ia  here  copied  from  the  Hepository  of 

Arts  published  by  Ackermann,  1816,  Ist  S.  xiii. 

197-8,  in  perhaps  the  words  of  Combe  himself:  — 

**  You  might  as  well  compare  the  pot-boiling  composi- 
tion of  The  History  of  Buonaparte^  in  verse^  compiled  for 
the  renowned  Thomas  Tegg,  and  obtruded  upon  the  world 
as  the  production  of  Dr.  S'^'ntax,  with  the  real  and  le- 
gitimate history  of  that  humourist.  Ton  might  as  well 
compare  the  wretched  prints  with  which  the  aforesaid 

Enblication  is  meant  to  be  adorned,  with  the  highly 
umourous  and  spirited  embellishments  which  accompany 
the  narrative  of  the  Rev.  Doctor's  Tour  in  Search  of  the 
Picturesque^  designed  b^'  the  inimitable  Rowlandson. — 
No,  Lucmda,  I  will  never  build  my  reputation  on  that  of 
another  man,  nor  take  a  leaf  from  his  laurel  crown  to 
adorn  my  own  temples.*' 

The  authorship  of  another  publication  is  denied 
by  Mr.  Combe  (or  by  Mr.  Ackermann  on  his  be- 
half), in  the  BeposUory,  1819,  2nd  S.  vii.  247, 
namely,  the  "projected  literary  fraud  called  Br, 
Syntax  in  London,*' 

All  the  Talents,  a  Satirical  Poem,  by  Polypus, 

8vo,  1807. — The   literary  intelligence  in  Acker- 

manu's  Repository  of  Arts,  ^-c.   1809,  Ist  S.  i.  315, 

embraces  the  following  passage :  — 

"  The  author  of  All  the  Talents,  and  The  Otmct,  has 
announced  a  poem  entitled  The  Statesman,  which  will 
contain  biographical  sketches  of  Mr.  Pitt,  Mr.  Fox, 
Lord  Nelson,  &c." 

The  title-page  of  a  work  published  1823  is — 

"  Letters  to  Marianne,  by  William  Combe,  Esq.,  Author 
ciThe  Tour  of  Dr.  Syntax  in  Search  of  the  Picturesque — 
The  Diaboliad— History  of  the  Thames— All  the  Taltnts— 
The  Devil  upon  Two  Sticks  in  London,  &c.  &c.  &c."  i 


This  is  dated  February  26,  1807;  and  there  is 
a  note  t  to  the  word  "  rubbish,"  that  says,  '*  t  Cer- 
tain MS.  of  the  author ;  among  which  was,  *  All 
the  Talents.' ''  But  on  a  copy  of  that  book  for- 
merly in  the  possession  of  the  Ackermann  family 
has  been  marked  on  the  title-page  at  the  wordb^ 
"  All  the  Talents," — *  this  was  not  tvritten  by  Mr,  C. 
huthy  a  Mr,  Serres ;  and  on  page  viii.  at  the  same 
words  —  wrong!  and  at  the  note  on  the  word 
"  rubbish  " — not  tvritten  by  Mr,  Combe :  the  copy 
so  marked  is  now  before  the  writer  of  this  memo- 
randum, who  considers  that  these  corrections  may 
be  taken  to  be  quite  as  conclusive  as  could  pos- 
sibly be  any  statement  made  upon  the  authority 
of  W.  Combe,  that  he  was  not  the  writer  of  AU 
the  TaletUs. 

But ''  N.  &  Q.''  1"  S.  xl  386,  and  2°'»  S.  ii.  36, 
310,  states  that — "  All  the  Talents  was  written  by 
Eaton  Stannard  Barrett,  Esq." ;  it  is  so  placed 
in  Watt's  Bib,  Brit,  and  other  works.  It  went 
through  nineteen  editions  in  the  year  of  its  pub- 
lication, 1807,  and  appears  to  have  been  the  first 
work  by  that  gentleman.  In  1816  was  published 
"  The  Talents  Bun  Mad:  or,  Eighteen  Hundred 
and  Sixteen,  A  Satirical  Poem,  in  Three  Dia- 
logues, with  Notes.  By  the  Author  of  All  the 
Talents,  8vo.  Colbum."  This  work  would  pro- 
bably be  his  last  one,  if  by  Barrett  A  copy  of 
it  is  not  in  the  British  Museum  Library.  The 
Gentleman  s  Magazine  for  that  year  (i.  446)  says  it 
is  "  By  the  well-known  author  of  All  the  Talents," 
It  is  curious  that  there  should  7wio  be  much  diffi- 
culty in  placing  the  correct  name  on  the  title- 
page  of  this  latter  work,  which  has  also  been 
attributed  to  James  Sayers,  the  caricaturist,  author 
of  Blfjah's  Mantle.  He  is  referred  to  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
2°'»  S.  X.  274,  293.  W.  P. 

All  the  Talents. — I  think  it  probable  that  this  ia 
by  W.  Combe,  but  I  should  have  to  read  it  through 
carefully  before  giving  a  more  decided  opinion^ 
and  see  how  it  is  spoken  of  in  the  journals  of  the 
time.  I  was  misled,  as  was  also  the  indefati- 
gable author  of  the  Bibliotheca  Britannicaj  by  the 
Biographical  Dictionary  of  1816,  which  was  pub- 
lished during  the  lives  of  both  Barrett  and  Combe, 
and  which  I  have  generally  found  to  be  correct  in 
these  matters.  Excellent  as  this  work  is,  it  is  no 
more  to  be  relied  on  for  exactness  than  is  Watt» 
For  example,  works  which  were  published  anony- 
mously are  given  under  their  presumed  author'* 


16 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


L4«»  S.  IV.  July  3,  '69. 


name  simply ;  on  the  other  hand,  works  which 
have  appeared  with  their  author's  name  are  said 
to  he  anonymous. 

While  on  this  suhject,  I  may  say  that  I  believe 

The  Rising  Sun by  Cervantes  Ho^g,  &c. 

{Handbook  of  Fictitious  NameSj  p.  69)  is  by  T.  P. 
Lathy.  R.  T. 

ARMS  OF  THE  PAL^OLOGI.  EMPERORS  OF 
CONSTANTINOPLE. 

(4"»  S;  ii.  525,  618  j  iii.  44,  111,  245.) 

There  is  no  honour  or  utility  in  attempting  to 
defend  a  position  which  has  been  shown  to  be 
untenable,  so  I  have  to  withdraw  my  suggestion  as 
to  the  origin  of  the  B  charge,  and  to  thank  Prince 
Hhodocanaeis  and  M.  Bobel  de  Hauterive  for 
pointing  out  the  mistake.  I  certainly  did  not 
understand  that  the  foot-note  to  the  roll  of  arms 
was  of  so  old  a  date,  or,  indeed,  part  of  the  original 
document  at  all ;  and  I  concluded,  perhaps  too 
hastily,  that  it  was  '^  compiled  from  the  usual 
dubious  sources."  The  term  addossez  misled  me, 
the  more  readily  as  I  had  never  seen  any  draw- 
ing in  which  the  Bs  were  so  placed  with  their 
semicircles  turned  towards  the  edges  of  the 
shield,  as  M.  Borel  de  Hauterive  suggests, 
^'pour  affecterune  certaine  ^l^gance.'* 

With  regard  to  the  reply  of  M.  Borel  de  Hau- 
TEBIYE,  I  may  say  that  though  I  suspect  he  has  a 
little  misunderstood  what  I  meant  to  say,  yet,  as  I 
have  frankly  given  up  the  point  in  dispute,  it  is  of 
no  use  to  waste  time  and  occupy  space  in  discuss- 
ing it  further.  But  I  may  be  permitted  to  make 
one  or  two  remarks  in  connection  with  his  reply. 
First,  I  am  sufficiently  well  acquainted  with  the 
use  of  the  ciphers  to  which  he  alludes — many  are 
described  and  figured  in  Menestrier's  work  Le 
Veritable  Art  du  Blason^  Paris,  1673 ;  and  one  or 
two  others  occur  in  Vredii  SigUla  Comitum  Fiau- 
druiB,  Bruges,  1640.  With  regard  to  one  of  the  ex- 
amples he  adduces — that  of  the  Fert  device  of  the 
DuKes  of  Savov,  which  still  appears  in  the  collar 
of  the  Order  of  the  Annunciation — Guichenon  in 
his  Histoire  G&nSalogique  de  la  Maison  Royale  de 
Savoye^  proves  from  the  coins  of  Louis  de  Savoy 
(d.  1301),  and  of  Thomas  de  Savoy  (1233),  and  of 
Peter  de  Savoy  (which  last  person  lived  for  some 
time  in  England  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  and 
founded  the  Savoy  palace  in  the  Strand),  that 
the  motto  **  Fert "  in  Gothic  characters  as  a  single 
word  was  in  use  long  before  the  siege  of  Khodes 
in  1310.  It  is  of  course  possible  that  the  meaning 
"Fortitude  ejus  Rhodum  tenuit'*  was  afterwards 
attached  to  the  old  device.  (See  also  the  Hidoire 
de  Savoye,  par  le  P.  Monod.)  The  matter  had  full 
discussion  in  "N.  &  Q."  (S''*  S.  ix.,  x.,  and  xi.), 
and  without  desiring  to  reopen  it,  I  may  refer 
M.  BoREL  DE  Hauterive  to  those  volumes. 

With  regard  to  the  heraldic  term  adoss^s,  the 


general  use  of  which  I  am  supposed  to  misunder- 
stand, I  may  say  that  my  notion  of  it  is  simply 
that,  like  the  English  term  addorsvd,  it  is  used 
to  express  the  relative  situation  of  charges  (not 
merely  of  animals)  which  are  placed  dos  d  dos,  I 
do  not  know  why  M.  Borel  de  Hauterive  should 
conceive  that  1  thought  ilnecessanly  to  imply  that 
these  charges  should  touch,  or,  as  he  &ays,  ^'se 
tiennent  par  le  dos  comme  les  fr^resSiamois  parle 
flanc."  Their  contact  or  non-contact  would  de- 
pend entirely  on  the  space  at  the  disposal  of  the 
artist.  For  instance,  1  have  just  taken  down  the 
first  French  heraldic  book  which  came  to  my 
hand— it  is  Menestrier's  ikf^^^od^  du  Blasoti,  Lyon- 
1718 — I  have  turned  up  the*  word  addossSy  and 
there  I  find  that  both  the  lions  addossez  of  the  Des- 
cordes,  and  the  deua:  bars  addossez  of  the  De  Blam- 
moret,  actually  "se  tiennent  par  le  dos";  the 
only  necessity  for  their  so  doing  being  the  limited 
space  at  the  disposal  of  the  engraver.  Similarly 
under  affronte,  the  deiw  Icvretes  affroniee$  of  the  De 
Jonac,  and  the  deux  dragons- monstrcwv  affrontez 
of  Aucesune — Caderousse  (wonderful  to  relate), 
"  se  touchent  par  le  front "  for  the  same  reason. 
There  was,  therefore,  no  very  great  ignorance  dis- 
played when  I  imagined  that  the  Bs  adossSs  might 
possibly  be  similarly  placed. 

JoHx  Woodward. 

The  Parsonage,  Montrose,  N.B. 


MITHRAISM. 

(3'*»  S.  ix.  202 ;  4»»'  S.  iii.  541.) 

The  mysteries  of  Mithra  are  mentioned  by  the 
early  fathers.  Eusebius  informs  us  that  they 
were  collected  together  and  arranged  in  ad- 
mirable order  by  Pallas,  **  is  qui  coUecta  in  unum 
Mithrae  mysteria  optime  concinnavit."  (Euseb. 
Prapar,  Evang.  lib.  iv.  cap.  xvi.)  St.  Justin,  in 
the  second  century,  says  that  the  exponents  of  the 
Mithraic  mysteries  imitated  what  is  found  in  the 
prophets  Daniel  and  Isaias,  concerning  the  stone 
cut  without  hands  out  of  a  great  mountain,  and 
the  passage  of  Isaias,  which*  St.  Justin  quotes 
from  ch.  xxxiii.  13-19,  where  the  prophet  says: 
**  He  shall  dwell  on  high,  the  fortitications  of 
rocks  shall  be  his  highness :  bread  is  given  to 
him,  his  waters  are  sure."  (Verse  16.)  Of  this 
he  declares  that  the  votaries  of  Mithra  had  tried 
to  imitate  all  the  prophet's  words  in  their  myste- 
ries; and  that  the  Eucharist  which  Christ  in- 
stituted is  foretold  in  this  passage  of  Isaias.  (S. 
.Tustinus,  Dial,  cum  Tryphone,  §  Ixxii.)  Farther 
on  in  the  same  Dialogue,  St.  Justin  refers  to  what 
he  had  before  said ;  and  declares  that  Isaias  had 
foreshadowed  the  cave  of  Bethlehem,  and  that 
those  who  presided  over  the  mysteries  of  Mithra 
were  impelled  by  the  devil,  on  account  of  these 
words  of  the  prophet,  to  say  that  their  followers 


^'i-S  IV.  Joi.y3,C9] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


17 


were  initiated  by  Mithra  in  the  place  which  by 
them  is  called  a  cave. 


•     •     • 


ifol  iufitrrofniffa  ri)v  8i  vpoiypw^a  kirh  rov 
'Hcrcuou  vfpiKnTTiiv,  cliriiji/  5ti  robs  \6yovs  imlvou^  rh 
tiiSpa  fiwrrhpia  irapa9ti6vTas  iv  rStr^  irriKuKovyifvtp  irap* 
aurois  (nni\a((p  /xuuoBou  ut*  avraVf  ^h  rod  ^ia06\ou 
iviprrffiiivai  ciVciv.     Ibid,  §  Ixxviii. 

Tertullian  speaks  of  the  Mithraic  mysteries  in 
imitation  of  Christian  Baptism,  the  Eucharist,  and 
the  signing  of  the  forehead,  as  invidious  attempts 
of  the  devil  to  pervert  the  truth:  — 

*•  A  quo  intellcctus  interpretctur  corum  quae  ad  hasreses 
fociant  ?  A  diabulu  scilicGt,  cuju3  sunt  partes  interver- 
tendi  veritatem,  qui  ipsas  quoque  res  sacramcntorum 
divinorum,  idolorum  mysteriis  oemulatur.    Tingit  et  ipse 

Saoedam,  utique  credentes  et  fideles  sues  :  cxpositionem 
elictorum  de  lavacro  repromittit ;  et  si  adhuc  memini, 
Mithra  signat  illic  in  frontibus  militcs  suos :  cclebrat  et 
panis  oblationeni,  et  imaginem  rcsurrectionis  inducit,  et 
«ab  gladio  redimit  coronam."  (Tertul.  De  Prescript. 
Htareticorum,  §  xl.) 

He  has  another  allusion  to  Mithraic  mysteries : 

"Nam  et  sacris  quibusdam  per  lavacruni  initiantur, 
Isidisalicujus,  aut  Mithraj."     (^De  Bapt.  §  v.) 

Also,  in  Tertullian's  eloquent  conclusion  of  his 
treatise  De  Corona,  he  contrasts  the  devil's  imi- 
tation, in  the  mysteries  of  Mithra,  with  the 
glorious  crown  of  a  Christian  martyr :  — 

**  Erubescite,  commili tones  ejus,  jam  non  ab  ipso  judi- 
candi,  sed  ab  aliquo  Mithraj  milite  :  qui  cum  initiatur  in 
spelaeo,  in  castris  vere  tenebrarum,  coronam  interposito 
gladio  sibi  oblatam,  quasi  mimum  martyrii,  dehinccapiti 
8U0  occommodaiam,  nionetur  obvia  manu  a  capite  pellerc, 
ct  in  humerum,  si  forte,  transferre,  dicens,  Mithran  esse 
coronam  suam  :  atque  exinde  nunquam  coronatur,  idque 
in  sigiium  babet  ad  probationcm  sui,  sicubi  tentatus 
facrit  de  cacramento :  statimquc  creditur  Mithne  miles, 
si  dejecerit  coronam,  si  earn  in  Deo  suo  esse  dixerit.  Ag- 
noscamas  iugenia  diaboli,  idcirco  quaedam  dc  divinis  af- 
fectantis,  ut  nos  de  suorum  fide  confundat  et  judicet." 
(JDe  Corona,  in  fine.) 

Origen,  who  flourished  in  the  early  part  of  the 
third  century,  in  his  celebrated  work  against 
Celsus,  reproaches  him  with  having  referred  to 
the  Persian  and  Mithraic  mysteries,  in  empty 
parade  of  his  learning.  But  Origen  asks  why  he 
should  adduce  and  expound  these,  rather  than 
others ;  seeing  that  the  Greeks  did  not  appear  to 
value  the  mysteries  of  Mithra  more  than  those  of 
Eleusina,  or  Hecate.  But  if  he  would  explain 
the  mysteries  of  the  Barbarians,  why  did  he  not 
prefer  those  of  the  Egyptians,  or  the  Cappadocians 
or  Thracians,  or  even  those  of  the  Romans  ?  He 
concludes  by  assuring  Celsus,  and  the  readers  of 
his  book,  that  neither  did  our  prophets,  nor  the 
Apostles  of  Jesus,  nor  thq  Son  of  God  himself, 
borrow  aught  from  the  Persians  or  Cabiii. 

*'Ijt«  36  KcA(ros  Koi  oi  ivTvyx'^vovn^  avruv  t^  0ifi\i(i>y 
iri  ov^afiou  mou  yvqalojy  Kal  Qficav  iriKKmvfxivoiv  ypa<p6ov 
hrra  ft  prim  eu  ovpavoL  otrr'  hnh  Utpaciv  ^  Ka0€(p<ov 
Xttfi6irr€s  i\ii£v    ol   irpotfy^rcu    Xfyovai  riya,  ou8*  oi  rov 


'IttctoD  &ir6<rTo\oi,  ovU*  avrhs  6  vtbs  rod  Ocou.   (Origenes 
Contra  Celsumy  lib.  vi.) 

In  the  treatise  De  Errore  profanarum  reUgionum 
of  Maternus  (Julius  Firmicus),  who  lived  in  the 
early  part  of  the  fourth  century,  and  was  a  con- 
vert from  Paganism,  the  mysteries  of  Mithra  are 
spoken  of  in  the  fifth  chapter^  where  Maternus 
also  attributes  them  to  the  devil  as  their  author. 

F.  C.  H. 


THE  DEATH. WOUND  OF  CHARLES  XII. 
(4**'  S.  iii.  478.) 


The  question  raised  by  your  accomplished  cor- 
respondent Mr.  Kikpt  is  one  of  such  mterest  that 
I  venture  to  ask  you  to  insert  the  following  long 
quotation,  which,  I  think,  gives  all  the  information 
that  can  be  hoped  for  on  this  curious  subject: — 

"A  controversy  has  long  prevailed  among  the  Swedes 
as  to  the  mode  in  which  their  illustrious  monarch  Charles 
XII.  came  by  his  death.  He  was  killed,  the  reader  will 
remember,  at  the  siege  of  Frederickshall  in  Norway,  in 
1718.  The  question  that  has  been  raised  is,  was  he  fairly 
killed  at  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  or  did  he  die  by  treachery 
on  his  own  side  ? 

"About  a  year  ago  the  Swedish  government  became 
anxious  to  have  this  question  set  at  rest  by  a  careful 
examination  of  the  deceased  monarch.  Accordingly,  on 
the  26th  of  the  Aufi^ust  of  last  year,  in  the  presence  of  the 
reigning  king  Charles  XV.,  of  the  great  officers  of  stata, 
and  of  a  few  of  the  leading  physicians  and  surgeons  of 
Stockholm,  the  royal  sarcophagus  and  coffin  were  opened, 
and  the  state  of  the  head,  which  was  the  seat  of  the  fktal 
injury,  was  carefully  examined.  The  result  of  the  exami- 
nation, and  of  a  very  long  discussion  which  took  place 
on  the  reading  of  the  report  of  the  examination  to  the 
Swedish  Sbciety  of  Physidans,  appeared  in  their  joamal 
Hygeia  in  March  last  ;'and  an  abridgment  of  the  acooant 
given  in  that  journal,  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  VV.  D.  Moore 
of  Dublin,  was  published  in  the  Medical  Times  and  (7a- 
zette  of  the  11th  ultimo. 

"  From  this  we  learn  that  an  examination  of  the  corpse 
was  made  in  the  year  1746,  and  that  the  official  account 
of  this  examination  is  still  extant.  It  was  made,  however, 
so  imperfectly  as  to  throw  no  light  at  all  on  the  matter 
at  issue. 

"  When  the  coffin  was  reopened  last  year,  the  |^eneral 
appearances  of  the  corpse  quite  corresponded  with  the 
description  of  those  who  saw  it  in  1746.  A  white  linen 
cushion,  filled  with  spices,  lay  over,  and  another  under  the 
head — a  handkerchief,  however,  being  in  contact  with  the 
face.  Long  white  bags,  filled  in  the  same  way,  lay  along 
the  sides  and  arms.  The  handsi,  slightly  drawn  towards 
each  other,  were  covered  with  white  kid  gloves.  The 
shirt  was  of  coarse  Silesian  linen ;  the  shroud  of  brown 
holland.  In  the  shroud,  on  the  left  side  near  the  feet,  was 
a  little  blue  silk  embroidered  bag,  tied  up  with  blue  silk, 
and  containing  a  small  portion  of  one  of  the  metatarsal 
bones  of  the  foot,  which  there  seems  little  doubt  was  a 
piece  removed  from  the  king's  left  foot  in  1709,  after  the 
wound  he  received  at  the  disastrous  battle  of  Pultowa,  in 
which  he  and  his  forces  were  so  completely  beaten  by 
Peter  the  Great. 

"  In  place  of  a  cap,  the  head  of  the  royal  corpse  was 
encircled  with  a  withered  wreath  of  laurel !  The  top  of 
the  head  was  bald,  but  the  back  and  sides  were  covered 
with  thin  light-brown  hair  interspersed  with  grey,  and 


KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4"  S.  IV.  JuLr  8,  •69. 


•bout  an  Inch  and  a  balf  long.  Tbe  fsce  was  of  conm 
ihroDkea,  but  still  sbowed  the  nqaitine  form  of  the  nose. 
The  npperlip  wu  somewhat  retracted,  the  eveliil!  sllghtlj 
open,  the  skin  parchment-like  tind  of  a  grejiih  yellow,  or 
in  placea  greyish  brown.  The  expression  worn  by  the  !e»- 

beod  was  distisui'ed  by  a  depression,  found  anetnarda  to 
correspond  with  a  ftaclure  of  that  part  of  the  bane  of  tliB 
sknil.  On  each  temple  was  a  black  velrct  patch, adher- 
ing by  means  of  something  spread  on  tbe  wrong  side  of 

through  which  the  fatal  miuile  had  passeil.  'i'hat  in  tbe 
left  temple  was  tbe  larger  of  the  two;  so  also  the  opening 


or  eye-aockeC 

bones  around 

if  frac 


having  been  completely  carried  away, 
tbe  opening  were  much  commiDUted,  aim  iuk: 
tare  extended  from  them  both  on  tbe  forehead 
tho  base  of  tbe  skull,  while  the  base  of  the  shuJl  ilseir 
corresponding  with  the  caritiea  of  the  nose  and  top  of  tbi 
UiroQt,  was  broken  into  many  fragments.  IJesides  tbi 
rags  and  spices  used  in  tbe  process  of  embalming,  loos( 
portions  of  bone,  and  also  the  dried  waxy  remains  of  t1i( 
once  regal  and  active  brain,  were  discot-ered  within  tlu 
cranium,  but  no  trace  of  shot  or  other  missile  was  funnd. 
Oq  carefully  noticing  tbe  extent  and  character  of  tbt 
iiyuriu  to  tbe  bones,  tbe  direction  of  their  broken  margini 
and  Boforth,  tbe  e:<nminers  were  of  opinion  that  the  nii» 
die,  wbicli  wai  ecideiitiy  from  some  hind  of  gun,  hac 
passed  through  the  king^s  bead  from  left  to  right;  and 
although  nothing  could  be  decided  with  regard  to  iht 
exact  nature  of  the  missile,  it  was  probably  a  musket  oi 
a  grape  shot — less  probably,  though  still  possible,  a  case 
'    "       '  .-..-.  inigahjii  jandit  musthan 


(pent  beforf 


ingitbi 
lines  10  tne  e>iuU,  whs  probably  irom  a  point 
in  the  spot  op  which  the  king  stood  Che  moment 
— although  the  appearance  on  which  this  con- 
asion  was  founded  might  have  been  occasioned  by  the 
ing  inclined  at  the   moment :    that   the 
wuuuu  III iiBL  nave  been  instant! j' fatal  i  and,  loatly,  that 
there  is  no  evideoce  that  his  mjyesty  was  struck  by  more 
.1 |g  missile. 


king's 


"In  t 


nsued,  si 


e  differe 


missile  had 

entered  at ;  but  all  agreed  that  Charles  Xll.  did  not  fall 
by  the  band  of  one  of  his  own  followers.  The  Swedish 
name  is  thus  completely  freed  from  the  slur  which  had 
been  co.'it  upon  it  by  the  suspicion  that  Ibis  illustrious 
'   id  owed  liis  death       '    '    ' 


"We  r 


'  add  ll 


b  the  report  of  tlie  i 


publi^ed  in  tbe  Hj/geia,  is  illustrated  by  fli 
plates,  showing — 1.  I'be  royal  corpse  in  the  coffin,  with 
the  wreath  of  faded  laurel  around  the  head ;  2  and  3. 
Right  and  left  views  of  the  head,  showing  the  botes  in  the 
integument ;  4  and  5.  Two  views  of  tbe  sknll  on  which 

the  injuries  to  the  king's  head  have  been  imitated." 

The  above  accotiatis  transcribed  from  an  excel- 
lent periodical  now  unhappilj  deceased,  T/ie 
RegiiUr  of  Factt  and  OcciirreHcci  Relating  to  Lite- 
rature, the  Scimces,  and  the  Arts,  September  18U0, 
p,  35.  WiLUAM  E.  A.  Asos,  F.RS.L. 

Joynson  Street,  Slrangewaya. 


(4'*  S.  iii.  541.) 
DoesMs-SmRLET  mean  thB.tbo  is  in  possession 
of  the  orii^Dol  notes  and  sketches  from  ivbich  the 
genealogies  are  printed?  Oa  the  fly-leaf  of  tbe 
printed  copy  of  Lord  Spencer's  at  Aluiorpe  is  the 
following  MS.  entry ;  — 

"  In  2nd.  Tome  of  the  Oxford  Catalogue  of  MSS" 
p.  196,  amongst  those  of  H.  E.  of  Pelreboro*  MSS"  Folio 
IJ333,  No.  8.  A  large  MSS.  being  a  manscript  of  the 
Deetb  relating  to  P.  AIno.  Vere,  Mordnunt  and  others, 
being  tbe  first  draught  of  a  moat  fair  printed  book  of  the 
family  of  the  R'  Hon''!'  the  E.  nf  Peterborough,  which 
his  Lordship  cau^d  to  be  collected  and  printed  with  the 
Pedigrees,  Heales,  Arms,  and  other  embellishments  ap- 
pertainiog  to  that  Ancient  Noblefamily,  in  copper  Plates, 
whpteof  Ilis  LordsP  caused  only  about  Twentt  to  be 
printed  for  tbe  use  of  Ilis  Lordship  and  His  Noble  EeU- 
tions." 

It  is  written  in  a  verj  large  hand,  of  which  Dibdin 
Bays,  "  Not  unlike  that  of  the  late  Georj^e  Mason," 
atid  "  in  all  probability  that  very  MS.  or  '  first 
draught '  is  at  this  moment  in  his  loi'dship's  col' 
lection,"  referring  to  a  folio  MS.  upon  vellum, 
confined  almost  exclusively  to  the  emblazoning'  of 
arms,  with  brief  genealogical  and  heraldic  de- 
scriptions. Tlie  title  ia  as  follows  :— 
"  Tbe  Genealocv-  of  tbe  Noble  Ilovses  of 

ATno  or  de  Alneto 

Broo 

Le  Strange  of  Ampton 

Latimer  of  Uvntish 

Verc  of  Dravlon 

MavdvitofWerminster 

firone  of  Drayton 

Vere  of  Adington 

Fitelewis  nf  Weslhorndon 

Howard  of  Effingham 

MordavntofTvrvey 
Ivslified  by  Pvbliqi-e  Records,  Antient  Charters,  Histo- 
ries, &  other  Autbentick  Proofes." 

In  this  MS.  the  title  mentions  "  Le  Strange  of 
Ampton,"  which  is  not  in  the  printed  work.  At 
tlie   top  of  tbe   title  is  the  foUowisg  memoion- 

"  This  Book  was  given  by  V  Right  Hon*i"  tho  Lady 
I  EliJabelh  Germain  to  Anna  l«aria  Povntr.  Wife  to  T» 

Bight  Hon'"  Stephen  Povnti  Esq  &  banghter  to  the 
I  Hon>>'>  Hrigadier  Lewis  Mordaunt  third  Brother  to  y* 
i  late  Earl  of  Peterborowe,  &  by  Her  to  her  Dear  Brother 

Charles  Mordaunt.  Esq 
I  "May  20'"  1742." 

And  Iljbdin  further  says  :— 

"On  the  death  of  General  Osbert  Monlannt,  son  of 

Charles  Mordaunt,  to  whom  this  MS.  was  left  by  Mrs. 

Poyntz— the  former,  bv  will,  left  bis  books,  among  other 

things,  to  William  Stephen  Poyntz.  with  a  proviso  that 
'  Lord  Spencer  might  select,  fhim  among  them,  such  aa  he 
'  WIS  in  want  of.  His  Lordship  Belected  Oiii  Boot ;  and 
I  a  few  other  printed  ones,  of  no  great  value.     Sir.  PoynU 


4«8.IT.  Jolt  a. '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


19 


n  posKffiion 
0  Ur.  Whl 


■ffiion  of  ■  copv.  for  which  he  g&vt  GO 
'e   bookseller,     liut  tha 

^      i»  iiiaoh  mnre  magnificonlly  bound  thiiii 

the  present;  it  beini; in  old      '  <  <    i- 

with  rich  i,-!!!  "    " 

Dowager  Mart 


iisioa  ar  tl 


ing."     [Now  in  the  posseisji 
iMiorExeter.2 

John  Tatlob. 


^oHbumptiin. 


Thb  Sherbocrjtb  UisaAL  (4'"  S.  iii.  482.)— 
The  Sberbnurno  Misaol  is  ia  the  p03^9sioa  of  the 
Duka  of  Northumberlaad  nt  Alnwick  Castle. 

J.  E.  M. 


tbroiisli  the  centra  of  a  ii)ill--Rtone,  and  ntised  it  , 
BOme  teet  from  the  ground.  It  now  ramsina  aus-  | 
pended  in  mid  air,  forming  a  natural  umbrellft,  of  I 
which  the  filbsrt-tcee  stem  represents  the  slick.       i 

"  A  eonfiict  of  this  savage  nature,  which  liappened  in 
one  of  the  Diilte  of  (Jonlon'g  forest",  wag  fatal  la  both  of 
the  eombatanta.  Tivo  large  harts,  after  a  furious  and 
deadly  thruEt,  had  entanel«l  Ihcir  boms  so  firmly  toge- 
ther Uiat  [hey  were  inexlricable,and  the  victor  Tcmamcd 
witli  the  vanquished.     In  this  position   they  were  dia- 

he  waa  yet  atrusglin^  to  release  himself  from  bis  dead 
anta^Dist.      The  bnrni  remain  at  Gordon  Castle,  still 
locked  tniiether  as  they  were  found." — Scrape's  Arl  of  i 
Dar  Slaiiing,  I 

J.  WlLKISa,  B.C.L.  '. 
MrSTicisa  (4""  S.  iii.  506.) — Among  modem 
transcend  en  tnl  mystics  (ind  professors  of  the  alism  I 
erf  F^neloQ,  Poiret,  Law,  and  others,  muat  be  i 
mentioned  the  aarne  of  the  late  James  Pierrepont  ' 
Greaves,  born  in  1777.  I  have  before  me  a  me- 
moir of  this  eitraordinary  man,  by  A.  F.  Barham,  | 
8vo,  pp.  23,  without  dat«  or  place  of  publication,  i 
The  <ri4ciple  speaks  of  bis  master  as  "the  most 
wonderful  man  he  ever  met  with,"  and  adds : —      | 

*^  1  have  alwavs  regarded  Greaves  as  essentially  a 
uperior  man  to  Coleridge.  I  conceive  his  spiritual  ex- 
perience auTi  altainincnts  were  much  hinher.  He  far 
more  earnesil;  and  consistently  supported  the  doctrines 
of  the  Traniuenilenlatists  and  Myxttcs,  because  in  him 
were  realiawl  the  truths  they  ass!:rted.  He  perpetually 
imisted  on  the  iiis|ilra1ion  of  God  aa  the  soiii's  true 
light,  and  held  rea-ion  as  a  thin^  altoseiher  subordinate. 
Greaves  con-tantly  preferred  spirituality  to  ralionalisin, 
intuiliim  to  li'aming,  and  faith  to  knowledge  :  and  looked 
upon  all  hi'^txrict  and  e^tabli^ed  ccrcuionials  n   mere 

Kinboli  of  m.'taphynical  laws,  and  onlv  valuable  aa  thcv 
thfully  represented  them.''  (P.  8.)  ' 
Some  of  the  myatic  prolusions  of  this  author 
iiRve  been  published  in  2  vols.  8ro,  I  think  by 
Chapman.  On  attempting  to  read  them  some  years 
ftgo,  1  fuiind  their  contents  beyond  mycomprehen- 
•ioD,  and  I  have  not  retained  the  exact  title  or 
date  in  mv  memory.  William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 

Peikitivb  Font  (4"'  S.  iii.  109,  340,  542.)— I 
wn  sorry  that  I  cannot  at  present  answer  the 


whole  of  Espboarb's  questions.  In  preparing  mj 
answer  to  Dr.  Robert  Chatutiers's  paper  on  the 
Dtinino  rock-basin,  I  carefully  consulted,  in  the 
library  of  the  British  Museum,  the  best  authori- 
ties on  the  history  of  British  Druidism ;  but  in- 
advertently destroying  my  notes,  after  my  paper 
was  written,  I  cannot  now  refer  to  the  various 
sources  whence  my  information  was  derived.  I 
consulted,  with  especial  care,  three  well-known 
works — Dr.  John  Smith's  Gaelic  AntiqitUie*,  Hnd- 
dleston's  edition  of  Toland't  Druidi,  and  Borlase's 
AntiqHitie$  t^ComwaU.  To  the  last  work  I  was 
mainly  indebted.  With  reference  to  bis  second 
series  of  questions,  I  would  refer  Espbdabb  to 
Bnrlase'e  work,  pp.  233-43,  and  to  Dr.  Smith's 
volume,  pp.  31-3.  Perhaps  I  have  exprewed 
myself  somewhat  vnguardedly  in  Aasertins  that 
B'clteut,  or  May-day,  was  the  chief  period  of 
Druidic  lustration,  since  the  important  festival 
of  Hallow-eve  was  likewise  attended  with  the 
rites  of  purifying.  On  May-day  the  I>ruids  hailed 
the  return  of  the  sun  to  his  summer  strength ;  on 
Elallow-eve  they  consecrated  artifidal  fire  for  tha 

That  wells  on  the  mar^ns  of  lakes  and  rivers 
were  cnnsecratsd  by  the  ancient  Britons,  and  mote 
especially  the  early  inhabitants  of  Scotland,  is 
abundantly  certain  ;  but  that  they  did  so  in  me- 
morial of  the  Deluge,  is  simply  a  conjecture, 
'  Thitt  both  the  Britons  and  Scots  designated  places 
at  the  outlets  of  lakes  Bela  or  Balloch,  is  proved 
I  from  the  fact  that  such  localities  bear  these  ap- 
I  pellations.  I  should  like  much  to  see  in  yonr 
'  columns  Espedabe's  own  yiewa  on  this  curions 
subject.  Had  my  leisure  been  greater,  I  would 
I  have  written  more  fully. 
I  OsAKLEB  RosRBs,  LLJ>. 

Saowdoun  Villa,  Lewisham,  S.E. 


D'ALTOir  MSS.  (4"'  S.  iii.  577.)— The  whole  of 
the  MSS.  belonging  to  the  late  Mr.  John  D' Alton 
are  in  the  possessian  of  his  son,  who  bears  the 
same  Christian  name,  and  is  in  practice  as  a  soli- 
citor in  Dublin.  The  government  consented  to 
purchase  the  MSS.  after  Mr.  D'Alton's  death,  and 
Sir  J.  Bernard  Burke  and  others  were  appointed 
to  estimftta  their  value  on  behalf  of  the  crown.  The 
sum  estimated  was  considerable,  but  it  was  not 
accepted  by  Mr.  D'Alton's  heirs. 

Chablbs  Bosbbs,  LL.D. 

Snowdoun  Villa,  Lewisham. 

In  reply  to  Liok.  F.,  I  beg  to  state  that  manv 
volumes  of  these  MSS.  were  dispersed  through 
the  medium  of  purchasers,  before  the  death  of 
the  late  John  D'AIton,  Esq.:  for  instance,  I  be- 
came the  purchaser  of  the  Limerick  MSS.  and  of 
the  Tipperary  MSS.  The  Earl  of  Kildare  bought 
the  Eildare  MSS.  I  believe  that  Mr.  D'Alton's 
son  (who  is  a  well-known  solicitor,  Stephen's 
Green,  Dublin)  possesses  several  volumes  of  hia 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[*'»S.IV.  Jti.r3,'«». 


f&ther'B  USS. — at  least  he  told  me  so  abnut  tno 
jrears  ago.  Maheice  Lsnih&h,  M.B.I.A. 

William  Vacohan  (4'"  S.  iii.  570.)  —  Mr. 
QkoSaet'3  "tabular  statement"  is  not  very  clear  j 
the  laat  foui'  persons  named  are  successive  geoB' 
rations  of  the  same  familj[,  hut  it  does  not  appear 
how  they  are  connected  with  the  firet  two.  It  is 
notorious  thiit  Sir  Henry  Ilaltbrd's  father,  ])r. 
Vaughan,  was  the  son  of  an  auctioneer  of  humble 
origin.     lOatf.  Mag.  May  1844,  p.  534.) 

Tbwars. 

Venison  Boilbd  (4"- S.  iii.  406.)  — Your  cor- 
nespondent  J.  P,  F.  aaks  if  "  such  an  act  of  bar- 
bnriBm"  aa  a  hoi'ed  hnunch  of  venison  was  "  ever 
committed  in  the  present  day."  I  can  assure  him 
that   such   an   instance    is  oa  record.     Not  very 

many  years  sioce,  the  Earl  of ,  according  to  his 

annual  custom,  sent  a  haunch  of  Tenisoa  to  the 
major  of .  (I  here  suppress  the  namts,  but  en- 
close them  for  the  Editors  satisfaction.)  It  had 
been  usual  for  the  mayor  to  invite  the  corporation 
and  his  friends  to  dine  upon  my  lord's  venison  ; 

but  Mr.  neglected   to  do  so,  and  kept  the 

haunch  for  his  own  private  eating.  A  few  days 
after,  he  mentioned  the  circumstance  to  a  gentle- 
man, sAjing  that  ha  did  not  think  the  venison 
«quid  to  mutton.  "  How  did  you  cook  it  ?  '*  asltod 
the  other.  "  Oh,  the  usual  way,"  replied  Mr. 
Mayor  (  "  we  boiled  it  and  had  caper-sauce  with 


The  SroABTa  akd  Fbbbmasonry  (4"'  S.  iii. 
532.)— The  fact  mentioned  hy  Mb.  Sleioh  is  not 
gBnerally  known  to  Freemasons.  Is  it  known 
whether  the  Stuart  family  were  connected  iu  anv 
way  with  the  French  Ordre-du-Temple,  which 
haa  authentic  records  sioce  Philip  of  Orleans  held 
a  tfeneral assembly  in  1705  P  The  charterof  trans- 
missiou  anathematises  the  Stuart,  or  "Scotch 
Templars,  with  their  brethren  of  St.  John  of  Jeru- 
salem." Prince  Charles  was  elected  grandmaster 
of  the  Scotch  order  of  the  Temple  at  Holyrood 
in  1745;  Eari  Man  held  that  dignity  in  1 715. 
Jamas  III.  granted  a  charter  for  the  Rosy  Cross 
from  Arras  in  1721  to  London  brethren  ;  but  the 
branch  of  St.  John  and  the  Temple  connected 
with  Freemasonry  claim  prior  to  1*186. 

John  Yahker,  Jun. 

13.  Chorltoii  Bond,  Manehester. 

Proverb  (4'"  S.  iii.  629.)— The  proverb  men- 
tioned by  Mr.  C.  W.  Babklei  takes  tbe  form 
near  York  of— 

"  Asprettdas  a  dog  witb  too  taiti" 
I  do  not  think  that  either  form  is  very  commonly 
lued  in'  "Westmorland,  Supplementing  the  Editor's 
reply  to  Ma.  Babklbt  on  a  point  of  genealogy 
in  "  Answers  to  Correspondents,"  (p.  4i)0),  I  maj 
mention  that  I  have   a  considerable   number  of 


extracts  from  parish  registers  and  other  aoorees, 
extending  Burke's  pedigree,  to  copies  of  which 
I  Mr,  Bareley  la  heartily  welcome  if  he  will  oblige 
'  with  his  address.  Jorh  Yabebr,  Juif. 

48,  Cborlton  Koad,  Manchester. 

Lrai  OF  Sheripfs  (4"'  S.  iii.  382.)— There  ara 
lists  of  the  sherifTa  of  the  different  counties,  up  to 
I  his  time,  in  Fuller's  Worthies  of  England.  I  sup- 
pose, for  the  continuslion  of  the  lists  to  the  pre- 
sent time,  reference  must  be  made  to  the  county 
histories.  I  have  a  tract,  I  believe  privately 
printed,  entitled  — 

"  Rfmarka  on  tbe  present  System  of  tbe  4  ppaiiitment 
,  of  High  Sheriffs,  with  a  Lbt  for  the  Cuuoties  of  Hiint- 
I  ingdoQ  sod  Camliridge.  Bv  Jiinies  Duberlr,  Esq. 
I  London,  18S7." 

j  From  this  brochure  I  learn  that,  as  in  the  case 
I  of  Huntingdon  and  Cnmbridge,  two  counties  have 
sometimes  only  one  sheriff  between  them. 

E.  H.  A. 
i  Dbrut  DAT  (4»'  S.  iii.  503.)— There  is  a  rule 
I  of  the  Jockey  Club,  that  "  there  shall  always  be 
;  an  interval  of  one  month  between  thi^  2000  guineas 
I  stakes  and  the  Derby."  The  2000  guineas  are 
run  in  the  first  spring  meeting,  which  takes  place 
I  one  fortnight  after  the  Craven  meeting;  wbidi 
latter  is  the  opening  of  the  racins  season  at  New- 
I  market,  and  the  date  of  which  is  settled  by  the 
I  Jockev  Club.  It  usuallj-,  but  not  alwava.  takes 
place  on  EMster  Monday.  TheTuesdnj's  Hiddles- 
I  worth  was  established  because  the  late  Lord 
I  Exeter  conscientiously  objected  to  travel  to  a  rac»T 
meeting  on  Easter  Sunday,  so  as  to  be  in  time  to 
see  the  Monday's  Riddlesworth  run  for.  The 
I  Duke  oE  York  was  not  so  scrupulous;  but  by  way 
of  "  hedging,"  ho  used  to  rend  the  lessons  and 
naalins  for  the  day  es  he  posted  along  the  road,  in 
hopes  that  bis  piety  would  bring  him  luck  for  the 

The  authorities  controlling  Epsom  races  (and 
not  Lord  DerbyJ   established  a  riice  to  bo  run,  in 

■  1779,  by  flllica.'  It  was  called  after  "  The  Oaks," 
I  Lord  Derby's  seat  at  Baostead.     It  was  won  by 

Lord  Derby's  fillv,  Bridget ;  whereupon  another 
I  race  for  colU  and  fillies,  to  be  run  in  1780,  waa 

established  and  called  "  The  Derby." 
I       "  The  Oaks "    originally  bulon;jod   to   General 

■  Burgoyne,  well  known  at  Saratoga.  He  was  a 
natural  son  of  Lord  Bingley,  and  rsn  away  with  a 

I  Lady  Stanley.  He  fell  into  difficulties,  and  his 
father-in-law  bought  the  vill.i  to  keep  it  in  the 
familv.  Upon  the  marriage  of  Lady  Betty  Hamil- 
ton {daughter  of  the  beautiful  Eliitabeth  Gun- 
ning) with  Lord  Derby's  son,  General  Burgoyne 
wrote  "  The  Maid  of  the  Oaks,"  to  bo  produced  at 
the  fete  given  in  consequence  of  the  marriage. 

J.  WlLKINS,  B.C.L. 

LocAi  Satinqs  :  HinrriNaDaHeiiiBE  (4'"  S.  iii. 
435.)— I  have  frequently  heard  in  Benfrewshin 


4«»  S.  IV.  JUI.T  3,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


21 


the  first  of  the  three  sayings  given  by  Mr.  Sweet- 

n^G.     The  third  I  have  heard  as  follows :  — 

"  Yin's  nane, 
Twa'n  some. 

Three's  a  pickle  (small  quantity), 
Four's  a  pun  (pound), 
Five's  di'Uf^''  (dainty), 
Six  is  plent}', 
Seven's  a  horse's  bite." 

The  children  repeat  this  rhyme  when  plucking 
the  leaves  of  the  common  sorrel,  which,  when 
they  have  collected  the  number  mentioned  in  the 
last  line,  they  put  in  their  mouths  and  eat  with 
great  relish.  D.  Macph^vil. 

27,  Castle  Street,  Paisley. 

Modern  Gipsies  (4''  S.  iii.  405,  557.)  —  The 
following  paragraph  from  the  Binninyham  Daily 
Post  of  June  7,  1869,  is  perhaps  worth  permanent 
record  in  **  N.  &  Q.,"  either  as  a  record  of  facts  or 
as  an  opportunity  for  corrections,  if  any  errors  of 
description  have  occurred.  Este. 

"  OIPSY   ENCAMPMENT  AT   KIDDERMINSTER. 

"A  company  of  gripsies,  very  different  in  their  appear- 
ance and  manners  from  those  generally  met  with  in  the 
Midland  Counties,  are  at  present  encamped  in  the  neip:h- 
boarfaood  of  Kidderminster,  where  they  are  regarded  with 
some  cnriositv  by  the  townspeoi)le.  They  are  a  colony  of 
the  Epping  !t'orest  gipsies,  and  comprise  seven  families, 
numbering  about  fifty  individuals,  children  included. 
Each  family  has  a  van  and  tent  to  itself,  but  the  former  is 
only  used  as  a  living-place  when  the  tribe  are  migrating 
from  one  locality  to  another.  The  tents  are  tolerably 
roomy  affairs,  the  framework  being  constructed  with  long 
sappfe  sticks,  which  are  bowed  towards  each  other,  and 
covered  with  a  warm  flannelly  material.  Visitors  are 
freely  allowed  to  enter  these  nomad  dwellings,  and  can 
judge  for  themselves  of  the  kind  of  habitat  they  have. 
The  interiors  are  warm  and  snug,  and  more  than  this, 
there  is  an  air  of  comfort  ahout  them  which  house- 
dwellers  would  scarcely  believe  could  be  had  under  gipsy 
conditions  of  life.  Chairs  and  tables  are  not  a  pre- 
requisite here  as  in  ordinary  dwellings,  but  the  gipsies 
appear  to  be  abundantly  supplied  with  such  fabrics  and 
appointments  as  give  a'somewhat  Eastern  air  to  their 
habitations.  They  are  well  dressed,  not  uncommunica- 
tive, and  very  easy  and  self-possessed  in  their  manners. 
It  appears  that  the  men  belonging  to  the  different  fami- 
lies in  the  camp  rely  for  a  livelihood  on  horse-dealing, 
and  the  other  sex  are,  no  doubt,  able  to  do  a  little  busi- 
ness by  reading  a  horoscope  or  revealing  a  destiny.  They 
nse  the  Romany  tschih  or  language  among  themselves, 
but  do  not  seem  to  attach  any  importance  to  their  chil- 
dren learning  it,  except  so  far  as  they  may  do  so  by  hap- 
hazard. Some  of  the  words  they  use  are  very  similar  to 
words  for  the  same  things  used  by  East  Indians — so  said 
one  of  the  party,  to  whom  our  correspondent  spoke ; 
and  there  have  been  some  statements  of  the  same  kind 
published  in  the  Transactions  of  one  of  the  learned  socie- 
ties. Since  the  arrived  of  the  party  at  KidderminvSter,  a 
little  babe  has  been  born  in  one  of  the  booths,  the  mid- 
wife's offices  being  performed  by  a  woman  belonging  to 
Elidderminster.  It  was  suggested  a  doctor  should  be 
sent  for,  but  the  repl^'  was  that  a  gipsy  w^oman  would 
fooner  die  than  have  one  to  attend  her. 

"  On  Saturday  evening  the  gipsies  held  a  gala  in  their 
camp.  A  circle  was  fenced  off  with  iron  nurdles  for 
dancing,  and  a  band  had  been  engaged.     The  gipsy 


women  and  children  turned  out  in  fSte  costume,  and 
dancing  was  kept  up  at  intervals  during  the  evening. 
There  was  a  fair  number  of  visitors  present,  and  the 
gala  is  to  be  repeated," 

Kentish  Words  (4**»  S.  iii.  56.) — Deck  for 
"ditch."  In  West  Flanders  a  ditch  is  also  called 
dikj  and  pronounced  very  near  the  same  as  in 
Kent  {die,  A.S. ;  dig^  Irish)  ;  but  in  East  Flanders 
this  word  spells  dyk  (read  *^  dike  " ),  and  is  used, 
not  for  ditch,  but  for  the  raised  banK  at  the  side  of 
rivers  and  canals  {moles,  Lat ).  The  French  digue 
has  only  that  last  signiBcation.  There  reigns  a 
similar  apparent  confusion  of  meanings  in  the 
word  icall  {wal,  Fl.),  it  beu^  in  the  one  province 
applied  to  the  earthen  woras  thrown  up  for  the 
defence  of  fortified  places,  and  in  the  other  to  the 
large  ditch  which  has  been  delved  to  supply  the 
same  said  earth.  So  that  the  proverb,  van  den 
tval  m  d^n  dyk  valien  (to  fall  from  the  mound  into 
the  ditch),  is  well  understood  at  Ostend,  but  un- 
intelligible to  a  burgher  of  Ghent. 

J.  Van  de  Velde. 

Sir  Thomas  Gardiner  (4»»'  S.  iii.  531,  500.)— 
Sir  Thomas  was  a  younger  son  of  Rev.  Michael 
Gardiner,  rector  of  Greenford  Magna,  Middlesex  ; 
and  the  arms  on  his  father's  monument  in  the 
chancel  of  Greenford  church  are — "Quarterly, 
1  and  4  per  pale,  or  and  gu.,  a  fess  between 
three  does  all  counterchanged  ** ;  2  and  3,  "  Az, 
two  bars  arg.  in  chief,  a  talbot  of  the  second  " 
(Gardiner) ;  impaling,  "  Or  a  chev.  engrailed 
barry  of  six  arg.  and  az.  between  three  cranes 
proper  "  (Brown).     See  Lysons*  Environs,  ii.  440. 

Tewars. 

The  Editor  Misc.  Genealogica  will,  I  hope, 
excuse  me  if  I  give  some  of  the  dates  ho  has 
quoted  a  little  more  precisely.  Sir  Thomas's 
knighthood  is  assigned  to  November  25,  1641,  not 
1640,  inWalkley^s  Cat.  cf  Knights  of  Charles  I. 
p.  142.  He  was  sworn  Kecorder  of  London  on 
January  25, 1635-6,  not  1635 — a  slight,  but  far  from 
unimportant  addition.  To  the  other  dates  con- 
cerning Gardiner  may  be  added  the  resolution  for 
his  impeachment  by  the  House  of  Commons, 
which  was  come  to  on  March  22,  1641-2.  (Ver- 
ney's  Kotes  of  the  Long  Pari,)  In  the  year  1643 
he  was  appointed  Solicitor-General.  In  the  State 
Papers  of  Car.  I.  in  the  Public  Record  Office, 
there  is  (among  others)  a  letter  of  Gardiner's, 
dated  April  22,  1637  (vol.  cccliv.  No.  61),  which 
is  sealed  with  a  seal  bearing  barry  of  five,  argent 
and  or,  in  chief  two  pheons,  in  b;ise  one.  These 
arms,  it  will  be  observed,  are  very  different  from 
those  stated  in  Berry's  Encyclop.  Herald,  to  have 
been  borne  by  Sir  Thomas.  A.  L. 

Sir  Orlando  Gee  (4*'*  S.  iii.  337.) — I  enclose 
a  copy  of  inscription  on  the  monument  of  Sir 
Orlando  Gee  in  Isleworth  church,  Middlesex. 
He  died  in  1705.    The  monument  has  his  arms 


22 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4a  S.  IV.  Jolt  3. '69. 


quartered  with  those  of  Chiicott,  from  which 
family  he  took  his  second  wife,  hating  niBiried 
the  daughter  of  Kohert  Chiicott  of  that  parisli, 
Esq.  I  nm  deBiroua  of  trscing  the  pedigree  of 
thifl  Robert  Chiicott  up  to  the  Itohert  Chiicott, 
uliai  ConijT),  who  lived  at  Tiverton  in  1011,  and 
founded  some  charities  there. 

They  are  the  same  family,  as  is  proved  by  the 
identity  of  the  amis  which  are  riven  in  the 
Heralds'  Visitation  for  Middleaex  is  1663,  and 
For  Sotueratit  in  1623,  and  also  tn  the  Ilarleian 
M8.  If  any  of  your  readers  can  assist  me  I  shall 
be  Tery  much  obliged :  — 

Tu  Cha  M^morv  of 

S'  OBt^iflb  Gbr.  ^siqiit, 

Son  of  M'  John  Gee,  Vicar  of  Dunfford  in  Devonahire. 

The  trnely  noble  Algernon,  Earle   oF  Norlhiiinberland, 

Employed  him  for  laaor  yean  in  y°  Management 

or  tiin  weitjhtvest  Aflajres, 

And  for  liij  fidelity  E<]aatl  to  the  Greatness  of  his  Tnialis 


After  the  Restoration  in 


■G  (Commended  hi 


>e  Office 

RefCister  of  the  Court  of  Admiralty, 

Which  he  Enjoyed  five  and  forty  Years. 

He  Conlinoed  serviceable  in  no  leas  trusts  lo  his  Patrons 

The  Right  Uonorshle  Jocelinc,  Earle  of  Northumberland, 

And  to  lib  dauffhter  y'  most  noble  Elizabeth, 


of  liaaeic,  K", 
Afterwards  to  Ann  y'  liauffhter  of  Robert  Chilcot 

oftbis  Pariah,  Esq'. 

His  frequent  Charytes  during  the  whole  course  of 

His  lifb 

Prevented  him  not  from  beqaeatliing  considerable  Sunis 

To  Charitable  Uses.   At  bis  Death 

he  litiBwiaB  Gave  five  hundred  pounds 

towards  the  rebuilding  this  Church. 

Borne  iSI9 )   ,      .  „„ 

Dyed  1705  J. ^B'^*'^' 

J.  G.  Chilcoti. 

PiEsais  (4"'  S.  iii.  606.)— Sir  Walter  Scott,  in 

the  second  chapter  of  Qitentin  Duiirjard  and  with 

reference  to  the  forest  with  which  the  royal  castlo 

of  Plesaia-lea -Tours  was  surrounded,  says  :^ 

'■These  woodlands  comprised  a  noble  chase,  or  royal 
park,  fenced  by  an  enclosure,  termed  in  the  Latin  of  the 
middle  ages  pfeiilium.  which  gives  the  name  of  Plesais  lo 
so  many  villages  in  France." 

He  thus  considers  plexilium  or  pletaii  as  equiva- 
lent to  cha«e  or  park,  hut  I  doubt  whether  the 
notion  of  deer  was  originally  associated  either 
with/jarfc  or  plexilium.  Does  not  the  compound 
parc-au.T-cerf»,  bv  which  the  famous  or  infamous 
retreat  of  Louis "XV.  waa  designated,  imply  that 
Apark  could  esist  without  deer?  and  is  not  the 
notion  of  net-icurk  or  fence  conveyed  in  the  low 
Latin  phxitinm  from  tifttin  plexuef  Certainly  the 
Greek  ffwoi,  from  which,  whether  correctly  or 
incorrectly,  our  word  park  is  commonly  derived, 
rigniSed  first  a  fence,  and  then  also  the  piace 
endosed,  but  without  any  notion  of  deer  :  bo,  the 
same  notion  is  excluded  from  park  in  our  phrase 


I  park  of  artiUery.  I  should  like  to  know  the  exact 
;  meaning  of  the  Saxon  parruc,  from  which  our 
modern  word  is  derived.  W.  B.  C. 

SoH3iDE.\CE  (4"'  S.  iii.  589.)— Sot  having  by 
me  the  last  three  writers  referred  to  (after  Fac- 
clotftti)  by  Lord  Ltttleton,  I  must  content  my- 
self with  dealing  with  the  pajsngo  from  Lucretius, 
which,  as  far  as  it  touches  the  question,  runs  as 
foUows ; — 

"...  etmultK  per  mare  pessum 
Subsedere  ania  parilcr  cum  civibua  urbea." 
In  which  I  am  willing  to  grant  Uiat  eubiedere 
does  bear  the  aensc  "  of  descent  with  motion." 
But  I  am  far  from  being  prepared  to  admit  that 
it  has  anything  to  do  with  euisideo.  On  the  con- 
trary, I  believe  it  to  be  the  third  plural  of  the 
perfect  of  lubiido,  which  Lord  Ltttelion  needa 
not  to  be  informed  makes  both  gubtidi  and  sab- 
eedi.  How  far  the  opinion  of  Facciolati  has  sup- 
port from  the  other  authors  I  cnnnot  say,  hut  I 
am  sure  that  from  the  ii'rf  among  them — the  only 
one,  I  should  presume,  possessing  much  weight- 
he  has  none  that  can  be  relied  on  as  authoritative 
or  unexceptionable.  From  f^deo  and  its  compounds 
the  notion  of  reit  seems,  to  my  mind,  inseparable. 

1  so  far  agree  with  Mr.  Bealb,  that  in  the 
pronunciation  of  English,  usage  is  to  be  followed ; 
but  when  in  derivatives  a  question  is  raised  as  to 
the  quantity  of  a  syllable,  it  can  be  settled  only  by 
a  reference  to  its  primitive.  Many  lawyers  pro- 
nounce iimrital  as  if  the  penultimate  were  short, 
but  it  is,  all  one  for  this,  as  long  as  nay  lawyer's 
arm,  if  not,  peradventure,  of  liis  head. 

Edhttbd  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Rector}'. 

Mb.  Tew  is  clearly  right  in  deriving  this  word 
from  lubgido,  to  the  rejection  of  aibiideo,  but 
nevertheless  I  think  it  sho.uld  be  pronounced 
Kiibsidcitce ;  custom,  "  quern  penes  arbitrium,"  &c. 
seems  to  me  decidedly  in  favour  of  this  pronun- 
ciation, so  also  is  the  genius  of  our  language,  the 
tendency  of  which  is  to  throw  the  accent  on  the 
an tepen ultima,  whatever  may  he  the  length  (in 
Latin)  of  the  penultimate  syllable ;  witness  such 
words  as  c6afidenoe,  diffidence,  6rator,  and  a  host 
of  others.  W.  B.C. 

PissAOB  IN  GAUTiiNS  (4'"  S.  iii.  55),  658.) 
Lord  Ltttelton  foi'gets  that  quotations  in  the 
New  Testament  seldom  adhere  to  the  tpsieeima 
verba ;  and  that  in  this  instance  a  slight  transpo- 
sition of  the  words  will  make  the  end  of  a  good 
iambic  line.     Maynot  the  original  have  been 

Tewabs. 

Medal  (4""  S.  iii.  528.)— The  first  of  the  two 

medals  described  by  L  N,  0.  may  be  one  of  the 

medals  oiven  by  George  IH.  to  tne  chiefs  of  the 

North  American  Indiana,  or  the  heads  of  the 


4«k  S.  IV.  July  3,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


23 


tribes  in  Africa,  who  had  rendered  some  service  to 
British  subjects,  or  whom  it  was  desirable  to 
attach  to  the  interest  of  this  country. 

These  medals,  which  are  of  silver,  are  of  three 
sizes,  the  largest  being  three  inches  in  diameter  ; 
the  second,  two  inches  and  four- tenths ;  the  third, 
one  inch  and  a  ^f,  10,  16, 12  of  Mionnet's  scale. 

Would  it  not  be  a  great  boon  to  collectors,  and 
those  interested  in  the  subject,  if  the  British 
Museum  would  print  a  catalogue  of  these  medals 
and  coins  ?  The  sale  of  it  would  soon  more  than 
repay  the  cost.  Belfast. 

Gainsborough's  "Blue  Boy  "  (4**'  S.  iii.  676.) 
I  cannot  add  much  to  the  history  of  this  picture, 
but  there  is  not  a  shadow  of  doubt  as  to  the 
authenticity  and  genuineness  of  the  "  Blue  Boy  ^' 
in  the  possession  of  the  Marquis  of  Westminster. 
The  first  Earl  Grosvenor,  who  is  stated  by  Ful- 
cher  to  have  purchased  the  picture  from  Hoppner, 
died  in  1802,  so  that  if  the  author  of  The  Life  of 
Gcmuborough  be  correct,  it  must  have  been  in  the 
possession  of  the  Grosvenor  family  nearly  seventy 
years,  and  twelve  or  fifteen  years  before  the 
"Blue  Boy"  exhibited  at  the  conversazione  of 
the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers  came  into  the 
hands  of  Mr.  Hall.  The  Grosvenor  picture  was 
one  of  twelve  paintings  by  Gainsborough  ex- 
hibited at  the  British  Institution  in  1815;  and 
more  recently,  at  the  Art  Treasures  Exhibition  in 
Manchester,  it  formed  one  of  the  leading  attrac- 
tions, hanging  near  the  lovely  portrait  of  Mrs. 
Graham,  also  by  Gainsborough,  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds's "  Contemplative  Youth,"  and  other  worts 
of  the  highest  quality.  With  these  surroundings, 
it  maintained  its  ground  thoroughly,  and  at- 
tracted general  admiration  by  its  beautiful  and 
harmonious  colouring,  its  brilliant  execution,  and 
its  perfect  state  of  preservation. 

As  to  Hoppner  not  being  likely  to  possess  such 
a  picture,  I  see  nothing  to  prevent  it.  He  was 
a  fashionable  and  well-employed  portrait-painter, 
and  artists  at  all  times  have  been  noted  for  col- 
lecting pictures  and  works  of  art ;  and  at  the  date 
of  its  purchase  modern  pictures  fetched  a  very 
different  price  in  the  marliet  to  that  which  they 
obtain  at  the  present  time.       G.  D.  Tomlikson. 

Kki^t  Folk-Lore  (4'**  S.  iii.  479.)  —  A  similar 
strange  and  superstitious  custom  as  that  mentioned 
by  Mr.  Dunkix,  of  the  herdsman  going  to  each  of 
the  kine  and  sheep  at  Dartford  Priory  farm,  and 
whispering  to  them  that  their  old  master  was 
dead,  I  find  mention  made  of  in  that  wild  and 
omnifarious  romance  by  Karl  Gutzkow  (b.  1811), 
Der  Zauberer  von  Horn  (the  Sorcerer  of  Rome), 
which  custom  the  author  ascribes  to  a  certain  part 
of  dear  old  Westphalia.  The  heroine  Lucinde, 
who  by-the-way  outdoes  all  the  unwomanly  hero- 
ines of  the  Feydeau — Sand — Braddon — Ouida — 
Cometh-up'OS-a-Flotver  school,  visits  the  village 


school,  being  herself  the  daughter  of  a  village 
dominee,  and  finds  the  household  of  the  school- 
master better  regulated  than  that  of  her  own 
father : — 

"Amongst  the  garden  utensils  she  also  foand  a  Bienen- 
helm  (a  wire  mask  to  protect  the  face  and  head  in  general 
from  the  sting  of  the  bees  when  cutting  honey),  which 
latter  a  servant-man  out  of  the  village  was  just  borrow- 
ing of  the  schoolmaster,  in  order  to  announce  to  the  bees 
the  death  of  his  just  deceased  master.  A  strange  custom, 
here  at  home,  to  cause  the  death  of  the  master  of  the  house 
to  be  announced  b}*^  the  servant-man  to  the  bees,  going 
amongst  the  bee-hives  with  these  words—'  The  mistress 
sends  her  best  compliments  and  the  master  has  died.'  '* — 
( Vide  antCf  ed.  1863  (Leipzig,  Brockhaus),  vol.  i.  pp. 
82-83:) 

*    Hermann  Kindt. 

Germany. 

Smiting  the  Thighs  (4*»»  S.  ii.  288,  261.)  — 
The  quotations  from  the  Iliad  in  the  earlier  of 
these  paragraphs,  and  perhaps  the  observation  of 
common  life,  show,  I  think,  that  this  was  onbr  a 
boisterous  and  somewhat  vulgar  habit  of  ]!d!ars 
and  his  worthies,  under  excitement,  and  whether 
threatening,  rejoicing,  or  crying ;  and  that  it  was 
emphasis,  and  not  religion.  But  I  remember  to 
have  observed  some  years  ago,  as  rather  singular, 
that  expressions  of  this  kind,  although,  as  your 
correspondent  has  shown,  common  enough  in  the 
later  books  of  the  Iliad,  are  nowhere  to  be  met 
with  in  the  earlier  ones,  showing  thus  a  change  of 
phrase  and  manners.  I  say  this  in  my  own  wrong, 
for  I  firmly  hold  the  unity  both  of  the  poem  and 
the  author,  and  will  never  be  persuaded  to  the 
contrary.  Richard  Hill  Sandys. 

89,  Chancery  Lane. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Chronica  Magistri  Roperi  de  Hovedene.  Edited  by  Wil- 
liam Stubbs,  M.A.,  JRegius  Professor  of  Modern  History' 
in  the  University  of  Oxford,  Ac.     Vol.  II, 

Polychronicon  Ranulphi  Higden  Monachi  Cestrensia;  to- 
gether with  the  Translations  of  John  Trevisa  and  of  an 
unknown  Writer  of  the  Fifteenth  Century.  Edited  by 
Churchill  Babington,  B.D.,  F.L.S.,  Ac.     Vol.  II. 

Annales  Monastici.  Vol.  IV.  Annates  Monaaterii  de 
Oseneia  (A.D.  1016-1347) ;  Chronicon  vulgo  dictum 
Chronicon  Thomas  Wykes  (a.d.  1066-1289);  Annales 
Prioratus  de  Wigomia  (a.d.  1-1377).  Edited  by  Henry 
Richards  Luard,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Registrar  of  University  of  Cambridge,  Ac. 

Annales  Monastici,  Vol,  V.  Index  and  Glossary.  Edited 
by  Edward  Richard  Luard,  M.A. 

We  have  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers,  neces- 
sarily very  briefly,  to  four  new  volumes  of  the  Chronicles 
and  Memorials  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  during  the 
Middle  Ages,  now  publishing  under  the  direction  o?  the 
Master  of  the  Rolls. 

The  second  volume  of  Iloveden  contains  that  por- 
tion of  the  compilation  of  Roger  of  Hoveden  which 
corresponds  with  the  *<Gesta  Regis  Henrici  Secundi/' 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[la  3.  IV.  Joi,Y  3,  '69. 


inder  the  name  oT  Benedict  of  Ped 
lie  deaih  ar  Henry.  It  is  utiafaclo 
-am  the  editor's  Intro^liictioD,  that  i 


L  in  the  Preface  to  the  preceding 
valume. 

In  the  second  volume  of  Mr.  Dabington'9  valuable 
edition  of  Ralph  IllgiJen,  with  its  two  curious  Early 
English  Tranolalions,  wbich  are  especially  interestiiifr  as 
monuDicnls  of  our  language,  the  editor  has  lieil  the  nd- 
vaniat'e  of  ciillatint;  two  MSS.  of  Trcviaa'a  translation 
which  were  not  presiously  known — one  in  the  Cotlonian, 
and  one  in  the  Harleian  Collection,  in  the  British 
Mu.wum. 

The  Uat  two  volumes  arc  the  fourth  and  fifth  relumes 
of  Ibe  series  of  Monastic  Chronicles,  entrusted  to  the 
Tery  competent  editorship  of  Mr.  Luard. 

The  fourth  volume  contains  the  Annala  of  Osencv,  a 
mooBSterv  fcmndcd  on  the  island  of  that  name  at  Uxiord 
for  Augustinian  canons,  by  Robert  D'Ovly  in  1129,  now 
printed  for  tlie  (iiat  time  from  the  single  MH.  con- 
taining them  which  is  in  (be  Cottonian  Collection.  The 
chronicle  attributed,  and  probably  rightly,  to  IliomBS 
Wykes,  and  which  Mr.  Luard  shows  to  be  closely  con- 
nected with  the  Annals  of  Oseney,  is  printed  from  another 
Cottonian  MS.  The  third  chronicle  is  in  like  manner 
taken  from  the  single  existing  MS.  in  the  Cottonian 
Librarr.  "  The  Annals  of  the  Priory  of  Worcester"  (for 
so  it  is'enlitled)  are  now  for  the  first  time  printed  in  full 

gntries  written  later,  which  bring  them  down  to  1377. 
It  will  be  seen  by  this  what  *  valuable  addition  this 
volume  forms  to  the  scries  to  which  it  belongs.  The 
fifth  volume  contains  an  elaborate  Index  to  the  contents 
of  the  various  chronicles  included  in  the  four  preceding 
Tolomea;  and,  with  the  Glossary,  gives  completeness  to  a 
work  which  d»es  great  credit  10  (he  learning  and  paius- 
taking  of  Its  editor. 
7B«  Oxford  Rtform^t-JiAn  O^tt,  Eratmai,  ondThomai  i 

JUon;    btittg  a   H'atnn/  of  their  Fellvw- It^ork.      By 

Frederic  Seebohm.      Second  eifilion,   revwd  nnd  t«- 

iarged.     (Longman.) 

Somewhere  about  two  years  ^nce  we  called  attention  | 


The  Rkv.  Jahes  Hrhthornb  Todd.  D.D.— Another 
iccompllshed  scholar  and  a  good  man  has  been  called  to 
lis  rest.    The  Rev.  Dr.  Todd,  Senior  Felhiw  of  Trinity 


of  this  VI 


nuch  beloved  nnri  respected  in  Dublin,  fays  The  Timet— 
t  might  have  added  on  both  sides  the  Channel— where,  as 
t  Ituly  adds,  his  loss  in  literary  and  clerical  circles  will 
le  deeply  felt. 


sting  be 


^tiai  ta  ^onti^axiatnti- 


it  out  as  one  well  deserving  (he  a 

who  see  in  the  Ifefonnation  in  England,  i 

advancement  of  true  religion,  hot  also  one  o 


of  that  first  edition,  Mr.  W.  Aldis  Wright  made  the 
remarkable  discoi-ery  respecting  the  marriage  of  Sir 
nomas  More's  parents,  and  the  birth  of  Sir  Thomas 
More,  which  be  communicated  (o  "N.  &  (J."  in  Uciober 
1868  {4'"  8.  ii.  865),  and  Mr.  Lupton  discovered  in  the 
librar}-  of  St.  Paul's  School  the  interesting  MSS.  of  Colet 
ODthe  "  Hierarchies  of  Dionysius"  recently  published  l>v 
him  with  a  translation  (Bell  ij:  Daldy},  which  have  sup- 
plied a  missing;  link  in  thechainofColet's  mental  history, 
■Dd  (brown  much  fHsh  light  upon  his  connection  with 
the  Keo-Plalonisis  of  Florence,  and  (he  position  occupied 
by  him  a(  (>:iford  before  the  arrival  of  Erasmus.  VVith 
the  zeal  of  a  real  searcher  afler  the  whole  truth,  on 
finding  these  new  and  important  materials  for  n  more 
accurate  book,  Mr.  Seebohm  withdrew  as  far  ss  possible 
his  fir^t  edition,  end  has  issued  a  fresh  one,  in  whicli  the 
results  of  these  discoveries  are  properly  interwoven.  A 
Catalogue  oflhe  eariy  editions  of  Erasmas  in  the  editor's 
odleclinn,  is  another  valuable  feature  In  this  enlarged 
and  Improved  edition  of  Tht  Oxford  Btformtri. 


id  CUnSlru  ammi  (hi  CIsni  lu   tht  Kurtlltn 

m  Sfmg*  In  ISattaVicLanaaaytJnim  an  origimit 

EHIUT<:il.-;^tli  S.  111.  |i.  Iin.nl.  Ii.  Un  Ufiwn  liMti»n,/i>r  "  RcKIl " 

•••  Cmmfiir  Undlnrthe  VolumnsT  "N.«  O."  mir  t«  hsdoTIlK 
PnliLiihti.  uiilnrmlt  BookHllen  mill  Ncnrnen, 

"NOTKS  ANO  QrRniBS"t9pil1llllhedjll 

rij  tHDRXI  ill  1U.4fJ..  Iihkti  mw  be  pakd  I 
■Hs  UIhe  Slrmnd  FoM  OfliK,  In  tkrnur  dT  IV 


tf  be  pftbd  bj  Pom  Onhv  Ol 


A^  S.  IV.  July  10,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


25 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  10,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  80. 

NOTES:  —  Eoasons  of  Irish  Peers  for  Rejecting  the  "  Bill 
tot  the  better  Security  of  his  Blajesty's  Person  and  Govern- 
ment." 1697,  25  —  The  Anglo-Norman  Words  in  Layamon's 
••  Brut.-  26-  Nursery  Jingles,  27  —  Eobert  Blair,  Author 
of  "The  Grave "  and  Thomas  Campbell  and  Nonris  of 
Bemerton,  28—  Distance  at  which  Bells  may  bo  heard  — 
Bteam-6hips  predicted  —  Cockney  Rhyme:  Sir  Walter 
Soott  —  Temple  —  Lord  Byron  at  Banff  —  Cigars  —  Mar- 
guerite of  Austria,  29. 

QUERIES :  —  Bells  and  Spears  —  Camden's  Ancestry  — 
George  Engleheart  —  The  Baronetcy  of  Home  of  Reiiton 

—  Irish  Paoipblet  (date  circa  1703)  —  Jasmin,  the  Barber 
Poet  — Did  Edmund  Kean  ever  ascend  Mont  Blanc?  — 
Kidnapping  —  Lawrence  —  Thiery  Langendyck  —  Lusher 

—  Napoleon  I.  and  his  Second  Marriage  —  Nunnerie  — 
William  Bawaon  of  Bradford  —  Sanderson's  Lincolnshire 
Collections  —  Family  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  —  A  Slift  of 
Beef,  SO. 

Qmtnts  WITH  A v«wbb8  :  —  City  of  London  Swordbcarers 

—  Easter  Day,  1867  —  Nicholas  de  Lyra,  33. 

REPLIES :— Caxton's  First  Edition  of  the  "Game  and 
Playe  of  the  Chesse."  84— Penmen,  85— Snuff.  36  — 
Weather  Prognostications.  37  —  William  Bewick.  38  — 
Newark  Forage.  lb,  —  The  Kiss  of  Peace,  39  —  Isaac 
Dorislaus,  40  —  Journals  of  the  late  Mr.  Hunter  —  Another 
"  BlnelBoy  "  by  Gainsborough  —  Model  Bells  and  Bell-ring- 
ing —  Isabel  Scrope  —  Popular  Names  of  Plants :  Waltoirs 
•Lilies"  —Burying  on  the  South  Side  of  Churches  — 
Grinling  Gibbons  —  Rushlights  —  Epigram  by  Dr.  Haw- 
trey  —  De  Audley  —  To  my  Nose — Medallic  Queries  —  La 
Saiette  —  Austria :  Prussia  —  Omitted  References  — 
Tooi^  Pretender,  Ac.,  41. 

Notes  on  Books.  Ac. 


finite. 

.      REASONS  OF  IRISH  PEERS 

r<m  REJECTIKO  THE  *'  BILL  FOR  TUB  BETTER  SECURITY 
OF  HIS  majesty's  PERSON  AND  OOVERNMKNT,"  1697. 

[Although  Lord  Macaulay  (^Hist.  of  England^  toI.  iv. 
p.  305,  ed.  1866),  speaking  of  1697,  says—"  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  local  Legislature  which  sate  at  Dublin  had 
been  in  no  i'eq>ect  more  important  or  more  interesting 
than  the  proceedings  of  the  Assembly  of  Barbadoes  " — a 
somewhat  remarkable  event  had  taken  place  in  the  Irish 
Legislature.  On  Nov.  27,  1697,  on  a  motion  that  the 
BiU  for  the  better  Security  of  His  Majesty's  Person  and 
Government  shall  pass  into  a  law,  it  was  resolved  in  the 
negative ;  and  leave  was  given  to  the  Lords,  who  dis- 
sented from  snch  vote,  to  enter  a  protest.  Such  protest 
is  dnly  recorded  in  the  Journals  of  the  House  of  Lords 
(Dublin),  vol.  L  p.  665 ;  but  the  following  interesting 
document  in  connection  with  this  vote,  for  which  we  are 
indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Lord  Gort,  has,  we  believe, 
never  before  been  printed.] 

LORDS'  REASONS. 

Some  of  the  following  "Reasons"  (which  I 

found  among  some  family  papers  of  the  same 

date)  axe  sufficiently  curious,  I  think,  to  merit  a 

comer  in  "  N.  &  Q.''  Gort. 

Reasons  whv  some  of  the  Lords  could  not  assent  to  the 
pasring  a  Bill,  Intitnled,  An  Act  for  the  better  Security 
of  his  Matyes  Boyall  Person  and  Government. 

That  m  BiU  with  so  excellent  a  Title  and  which  had 
pis^d  the  Honae  cf  Comons  npon  a  division  of  92  against 


68  should  miscarry  in  the  House  of  Lords  may  give  occa- 
sion of  reflection  upon  the  persons  who  dissented  from  it, 
and  render  them  lyable  to  be  misrepresented. 

It  is  therefore  thought  necessary  to  offer  a  short  state 
of  the  matter,  and  some  of  the  Reasons  why  severall  of 
the  Lords  could  not  agree  to  every  clause  in  the  said  Bill. 

The  Bill  which  went  hence  into  England  and  had  its 
rise  from  the  House  of  Comons  obliged  all  persons  in  any 
Office  or  Iraployment,  or  who  receiv'd  any  Fee  Salarv  Ac 
from  the  King  or  who  should  be  Members  of  either  I^ouse 
of  Farliam*  to  take  the  Oaths,  and  subscribe  the  dedara- 
tion  &  association  under  the  penaltys  mentioned  in  an 
English  Act  with  the  same  Title.  But  it  came  back  with 
a  Clause  incertcd,  giveing  a  Discretionary  Power  to  the 
Justices  of  the  Peace  in  each  County  at  their  Quarter 
Sessions  to  Sumon  all  persons  whatsoever  before  them 
without  any  distinction  of  Age,  Sex  or  Condition,  and 
without  expressing  what  should  be  termed  a  Legall 
Sumons  and  to  Administer  to  them  the  Oaths  of  Fidelity 
and  abj  uration  of  all  Forreign  Jurisdiction,  and  of  the  Popes 
spiritual  authority,  And  enacting  that  whoever  should 
neglect  to  appear  when  Lawfully  Sumond  or  refuse  the 
Oaths  when  tendred  should  be  forthwith  convict  and 
incurr  all  the  Penaltys  and  Forfeitures  of  a  Premunire 
mentiond  in  the  16  of  Kichard  the  Second. 

To  this  Clause  severall  of  the  Lords  could  not  give  their 
Assent — 

1** — Because  they  thought  the  Imposition  of  such  Oaths 
upon  all  persons  indifferently  unju»t,  as  being  Expresslv 
contrary  to  the  Ninth  of  the  Limerick  Articles,  by  which 
it  is  declared  that  they  who  submitted  to  His  Mftties 
Govemm*  should  take  the  Oath  of  Fidelity  mentiond 
in  the  Second  Article  and  no  other,  for  the  confirmation 
of  which  An  Act  of  Parliam*  has  been  passed  this  very 
Session  in  Ireland,  And  the  same  was  likewise  confirmed 
by  an  Act  of  Pariiament  made  in  England  in  the  Third 
Year  of  ELing  William  &  Queen  Mary,  Intituled  An  Act 
for  the  Abrogateing  the  Oath  of  Supremacy  in  Ireland 
and  appointing  other  Oaths,  of  which  Act  the  foremen- 
tiond  Clause  Thad  it  passed)  would  for  so  much  have 
proved  a  repeale. 

2*7 — The  Lords  could  not  agree  to  the  forementiond 
Clause,  because  to  put  a  force  upon  pure  conscience  and 
impose  a  Law  to  punish  a  bare  Opinion  or  an  Act  of  the 
understanding  without  anv  Overt  act,  and  even  to  extort 
that  thought  under  the  heavy  penalty  of  a  premunire 
was  looked  upon  as  a  most  grievous  and  unreasonable  se- 
verity, &  such  as  could  not  be  parrelled  (n'c)  or  warranted 
by  any  precedent  either  in  England  or  Ireland.  Most  of  the 
Learned  Judges  being  asked  their  Opinion  upon  this 
Occasion,  declared  That  persons  under  premunire  accord- 
ing to  the  Statute  of  the  16*  of  Richard  the  2<»  mentiond 
in  the  Clause  did  not  only  forfeit  their  Lands  Tenements 
Goods  &  Chattels  &c,  but  were  likewise  put  out  of  the 
Kings  protection,  and  thereby  exposed  as  the  Kings 
Enemyes  to  all  manner  of  Outrages  such  as  wounding  & 
maiming  and  some  of  the  Judges  affirmed  that  whosoever 
should  kill  such  a  i>erson  was  not  ameasnable  for  it  to  the 
Law,  the  Clause  in  the  SUtute  of  the  b^  of  Eliz*  w««» 
mitigates  the  Severity  of  the  Antient  Laws  of  premunire 
in  England,  not  being  of  force  here. 

3<^'7 — It  was  conceiv*d  That  this  Clause  was  so  farr 
from  serving  the  Ends  of  the  BiU  w«^  were  for  the  pre- 
servation of  the  Kings  person  and  Govemm*  that  it 
tended  rather  to  ov^throw  'em,  because  the  penalty 
threatened  was  so  great  tiiat  there  was  reason  to  beleive 
the  generality  of  the  Papists  to  avoid  it  would  have  taken 
both  Oaths,  and  haveing  got  over  them  would  not  have 
stuck  at  the  declaration  nor  Association  and  so  have  been 
qualified  for  all  Employments,  and  have  sat  in  both 
Houses  of  Parliament.  But  in  case  they  should  not  have 
taken  these  Oaths  the  penalty  was  so  severe  that  twould 


26 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  JiJLT  10,  '69. 


liave  provoked  and  exasperated  them  to  the  highest  de- 
gree and  rendred  them  wholly  desperate  and  much  more 
Knemys  to  the  King  and  Government  than  ever  before. 

4**>*J — ^Twas  apprehended  That  had  this  Clause  passed 
these  Inconveniencys  would  have  foUow*d 

1.  That  3  Fourths  of  the  People  of  Ireland  being 
Papists  the  Protestant  Landlords  and  Creditors  by 
the  Papists  Forfeiting  Lands,  Goods  and  Chatties 
would  have  been  in  danger  of  loosing  their  Rents  and 
Debts,  there  being  no  provision  or  saveing  in  the 
Bill  for  them. 

2.  It  would  have  discourag'd  Trade  and  Industry 
and  lessened  the  Kings  Revenue 

1.  Because  it  would  have  rendred  all  Papists  in 
Generall  Slothfull  and  Careless  since  they  might 
Fear  that  the  increasing  their  Wealth  would  like- 
wise increase  their  danger. 

2.  Because  no  Protestant  could  with  Safety  have 
any  comerce  or  dealing  with  them  which  3'et 
(considering  the  greatness  of  their  Number  and 
the  smallness  of  the  Protestants)  seems  unavoid- 
able. 

3.  Because  it  would  have  been  a  great  Discour- 
agem*  to  Strangers  to  Trade  with  us  by  the  mani- 
fest hazard  they  would  have  run  of  loosing  what 
Effects  they  should  at  any  time  have  in  Papists 
hands  here,  nor  could  any  Popish  Merch*  with 
security  come  into  this  Kingdom  upon  the  Account 
of  Trade,  because  upon  any  difference  in  bargain- 
ing or  otherwise  he  might  be  lyable  to  have  the 
Oaths  tendred  him,  and  upon  refuseall  incurr  the 
penaltys  of  the  Act,  there  being  no  provision  or 
exemption  for  any  such  in  the  BilL 

3.  It  would  very  much  have  lessend  the  value  of 
Lands,  because  no  person  could  w*N>ut  extream 
hazard  have  Set  anv  part  of  his  Estate  to  Papists, 
and  the  number  of  ^Protestants  being  so  inconsider- 
able, in  many  places  Protestant  Tenants  could  not 
be  had,  and  where  they  could.  Landlords  must  have 
been  forced  to  have  sett  their  Lands  to  them  at  their 
own  rates,  or  else  their  Estates  must  have  lain  upon 
their  hands. 

4.  It  would  have  increased  the  number  of  Torves 
and  Rapparys  and  rendred  not  onely  Travailing 
dan^rous,  but  even  Inhabiting  the  Country  unsafe. 

6*"J— -Lastly  the  Lords  thought  it  their  duty  to  dissent 
from  this  Clause  that  they  might  thereby  prevent  the 
miserys  and  avert  the  Punishments  which  by  Gods  just 
Judgment  might  be  fcard  would  fall  upon  them  or  their 
posterity  for  the  unreasonable  Severity  and  injustice 
of  it. 

It  cannot  be  justly  suspected  that  any  of  the  Lords  who 
dissented  from  this  Clause  should  ever  be  thought  friends 
to  the  Papists  Interest  for  they  have  this  very  Session 
agreed  to  some  of  the  Strictest  Laws  that  ever  were  made 
against  them,  such  as  the  Act,  for  banishing  Regulars, 
Disarming  and  dismounting  Papists,  For  preventing 
forreign  Education,  For  hindring  the  reversal  of  Out- 
lawrys  &  Attainders,  Against  their  Intermarrying  with 
Protestants  &c  And  they  have  already  Associate  and 
now  moved  for  the  signing  the  same  Association  in  a 
fall  house  of  Lords  here  vr*^  is  Enacted  in  England. 

There  was  another  Clause  in  the  same  Bill  relating 

to  Quakers  to  which  severall  of  the  Lords  could  not  give 

their  Assent,  for  the  following  reasons : — 

lit — Because  there  was  just  ground  to  fear  that  the 

Regulars  who  are  now  to  be  banished  would  with  other 

Papists  turn  Quakers,  and  thereby  Shelter  themselves 

firom  the  Execution  of  the  Laws  made  against  them,  and 

by  that  means  have  Armes  put  into  their  hands. 

2^17— Because  they  seem  so  farr  from  deserving  favour 


and  exemption,  that  they  are  notoriously  known  to  be 
Jacobites,  to  have  assisted  the  late  King  James  with 
mony  &  men,  to  have  been  Magistrates  under  him,  and 
to  have  been  his  Intelligencers  dureing  the  late  Rebellion 
in  this  Kingdom. : 

3<ii7 — Since  the  only  reason  given  in  favour  of  the 
Quakers  was  That  they  were  a  Tradeing  People,  It  is 
humbly  conceivd  that  the  Kingdom  would  loose  much 
more  by  extream  Severity  against  the  Papists,  than  gain 
by  encouragement  of  them  in  relation  to  Trade. 

4*i>^ — It  was  thought  that  this  Clause  would  Effectually 
have  propogated  Blasphemy,  and  Enthusiasm  by  the  in- 
couragem*  it  would  have  given  to  all  uneasy  Papists  & 
others  to  turn  Quakers. 

It  is  hoped  that  laying  aside  a  Bill  with  so  good  a 
Title  will  not  now  be  'thought  a  crime  since  some  years 
agoe  a  Bill  with  the  very  same  Title  was  rejected  in  the 
House  of  Cotuons  of  England  for  Clauses  that  were  not 
liked. 

[Endorsed.] 

Reasons  of  the  Lords  who  could  not 

Assent  to  a  Bill,  Intituled  An  Act  for 

the  better  Security  of  his  Mat*«* 

Royall  j^son  and  Goverm* 

1697. 


THE  ANGLO-NORMAN  WORDS  IN  LAYAMON^S 

"BRUT." 

It  is  generally  asserted  in  books  relating  to  the 
formation  of  our  English  tongue  that  Lay  anion's 
Brut,  written  probably  about  1205,  a  poem  of 
about  30,000  lines,  contains  fewer  than  fifty  words 
derived  from  the  Norman-Frencb  language.  This 
assertion  is  almost  always  based  on  tne  authority 
of  Sir  F.  Madden,  and  on  tbe  same  authorfty  it  is 
added  that  the  later  text,  of  about  1240  or  1250, 
contains  seventy  such  words,  of  which  thirty  are 
common  to  it  and  the  earlier  text.  So  that,  as  Sir 
F.  Madden  sums  up  the  result,  only  ninety  words 
of  French  origin  are  to  be  found  in  the  course  of 
56,800  lines  of  English  verse,  even  as  late  as  the 
middle  oi  the  thirteenth  century.  Having  lately 
carefully  gone  through  Sir  F.  Madden's  valuable 
GlossaiT,  with  a  view  of  testing  the  above  asser- 
tion, I  have  been  surprised  to  find  how  much  this 
estimate  understates  the  fact.  It  appears  to  me 
quite  clear  that  nearly  as  many  more  must  be 
added  to  his  list.  I  will  set  them  down,  and 
hope  that  any  correspondent  who  holds  a  different 
opmion  will  obligingly  take  such  exception  as  he 
may  think  fit  in  order  that  the  truth  may  be 
elicited.  The  words  not  cited  by  Sir  F.  Madden 
are  printed  in  italics :  — 

In  the  first  text,  achaped,  ascaped,  admirail, 
armtte,  appostolie,  arc?ien,  astronomie,  avaUeny 
balles,  barun,  biclttsen  botmiCf  bolle,  ibroide,  bruntef 
humey  iburned,  bunnen,  cacchenj  canele,  cantel- 
cope,  cartCf  cathel  (chattels),  cheisil  cludina  (or 
cuiress),  dusden  (closed),  comp  (=camp),  cop,  co- 
riun  (musical  pipe),  crune,  cnineden,  cros,  crucchcj 
cuj)]^,  dotie,  dubbm,  due,  dtuxe-perSf  eastresse, 
falsie,  fium,  ginne,  halkf  hardiliche,  hiue  (hue 
and  cry),  hose,  hune  (topmast  ?),  ieled  (anointed), 


■ 


4*  &  IV.  JiXT  lu,  ty, J 


jayj±s:jiD  xx^^.^^    w.w.^^«^..^i 


htirte,  ire,  kablen,  lac,  /(itTM^?,  latimer,  legiuny  licoriz, 
Uim^  lo/(\nff)f  machunes,  mahuny  male,  mantel, 
mmiiry  mermmnen,  messagere,  mile,  montaine, 
mwutre,  munt,  must,  nap  (=hanapy  a  cap),  nonne, 
oUfanteSj  pal,  paradis,  peytitce  (=of  Poitou),  pHe- 
grim,  poaere,  pore,  porz  (ports),  posteSj  procea- 
aiun,  puinde,  puUe,  quecchen  (=quas8er,  casser  ?), 
riche,ridke8  {=nche3ae),8almes,  saUeriun,  sccBminge, 
scare,  «eani,  scomeSf  sceremigge  (scrimmage),  »cole, 
scnrmen,  senaht,  sealied,  senaturs,  seirU,  servise, 
tervingey  sire,  sot,  sumtmde,  talie(P),  temple,  timpe, 
ioppe,  twnbelf  tonne,  tur,  tume,  vlette  (flat,  floor^, 
toarde,  weorre  (war),  werre  (to  war,  ravage), 
widewe,  win,  wintunneny  ymages :  in  all  about  one 
hundred  and  twenty. 

In  the  later  text  we  find  the  additional 
^ords — abbey,  anued,  aspide  (espied),  atyr,  canoun, 
changede,  chapel,  chevetaine,  chowles  (jowls), 
doke,  conseil,  centre  (country),  cope,  en,  delaie,  dos- 
9eperes,  eyr,  failede,  fol,  fohe,  gile,  gisarme,  grace, 
grand,  guyse,  harsun  (ar9un),  heremite,  honure, 
noetage,  manere,  mar6rc-«<owe,nonnerie,no<e,paide, 
pais,  paiai,  pare,  passi,  pen£ales,  partes,  prisune, 
roOede,  route,  sarvi,  scapie,  seine  (ensign),  moi 
(follow),  sojri,  idored,  tavel,  tresur,  truage,  tumbe, 
wrimU,  usi,  waiteth :  in  all  fifty-six,  making  in 
both  texts  about  one  hundred  and  seventy-six. 

I  am  aware,  of  course,  that  some  of  the  above 
are  miestionable,  and  might  after  a  very  strict 
trial  De  banished ;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  such 
words  as  engles,  amptdle,  henchej  beor  (a  man), 
eandel,  caddfclerc,  exle,  harpe,  helm,  healm,  kalen- 
dar,  lot,  &c.,  iniffht  be  fought  for  (at  least  some  of 
tiiem),  and  possibly  gained  for  the  Komance  side. 
As  a  general  rule  words  immediately  admitted 
into  A.-S.  from  Latin  underwent  no,  or  a  very 
alight,  vowel  change.  The  Latin  termination  was 
docked,  and  the  word  then  treated  as  English. 
Hence  we  may  conclude  that  candel,  castel,  ancor 
or  oncer,  &c.,  were  directly  derived  from  the 
Latin,  but  that  canoun,  legittn,  machunes,  honur, 
Slc,  had  received  a  certain  Norman  modification. 

On  the  whole,  then,  we  may,  I  believe,  add 
about  eighty  word3  to  the  ninety  assigned  by  Sir 
F.  Madden  to  the  Komance  element  in  Layamon, 
and  if  we  comprehended  proper  names  which  re- 
ceived their  special  form  tnrough  their  derivation 
from  Norman-French  orig^als,  we  might  add 
connderably  to  the  number. 

Before  concluding  these  remarks  I  wish  to  point 
out  a  decided  error  (as  it  appears  to  me)  in  one 
of  Sir  F.  Madden's  explanations.  The  word  ma- 
iAunes  or  machuns,  occurring  in  ii.  223,  224,  he 
translates  machines.  Not  remembering  any  in- 
fltanoe  in  which  the  French  termination  -ine  be- 
came "Une  in  English,  I  was  led  to  look  rather 
more  closely  into  ihe  text.  In  reference  to  an 
assault  commanded  by  Yortigem,  it  is  said  that 
his  men  began  to  dig  a  dyke,  to  blow  their  horns, 
juid  then  (according  to  the  translation)  to  ^'  hew 


the  machines  "  (*'  machines  hewed  ").  Further 
on  we  are  told  — 

*^  Of  imxchunes  {machunt,  later  text)  ther  wes  wander : 
at  and  twenti  badred," 

which  is  translated  '^  of  machines  there  was 
plenbr — five-and-twenty  hundred ! "  For  machines 
we  should,  however,  read  masons,  i^eaning  gene- 
rally "sappers  and  miners."  The  old  French 
word  is  magon  or  maqun,  which  was  easily  Nor- 
manised  into  machon  or  machun,  in  the  same  way 
asfaceon  became  /acAon=Eng.  fashion.  The  first 
passage  means,  then,  that  the  masons  cut  away 
at  the  ground  to  make  the  dyke.  The  second 
needs  no  further  explanation.  J.  Payne. 

Kildare  Gardens. 


NURSERY  JINGLES. 

As  the  wide  net  of  "  N.  &  Q."  has  meshes  small 
enouffh  to  hold  nursery  rhymes,  perhaps  they 
may  hold  the  still  smaller  fry  of  nursery  jingles. 
Something  like  seventy-five  years  ago  I  was 
danced  on  my  nurse's  knee,  in  a  Scotch  Lowland 
county,  to  the  following  verbal  accompaniment : — 

**  This  is  the  way  the  ladj  rides, 
Jamping  sma',  jumping  sma*.'* 

So  far  the  dancing  was  done  softly,  to  imitate 
the  riding  of  the  gentle  lady.  Then  came  a  dance 
of  much  brisker  movement,  with  the  words :  — 

*<  This  is  the  way  the  gentleman  rides, 
Trot  awa',  trot  awa'." 

This  was  followed  by  a  dance,  fast  and  furious, 
accompanied  by  these  words :  — 

**  This  is  the  way  the  cadger  rides, 
Creels  and  a*,  creels  and  a*." 

Another  nursery  jingle,  of  the  same  date  and 
locality,  involves  a  narrative  and  catastrophe, 
f^ven  with  a  brevity  and  abruptness  of  a  highly 
lyrical  character,  and  also  served  as  an  accom- 
paniment to  my  dance  on  my  nurse's  knee.  The 
facts  which  the  north-country  Pindar  means  to 
convey  by  his  lyric  seem  to  be  as  follows:  — 
A  lady  (in  the  lyric  called  "  The  Carltne  ")  ap- 
pears to  have  been  in  too  delicate  a  state  to  put 
up  with  the  food  of  the  country  (presumaoly 
oaten  cakes  or  barley  bannocks).  The  gentleman 
(in  the  lyric  called  "  The  Carl "),  with  true  cour- 
tesy, mounts  his  horse  to  fetch  from  the  neigh- 
bouring town  (Aberdeen)  something  more  suitable 
to  the  delicate  state  of  the  lady's  appetite.  It  is 
when  the  gentleman  returns,  and  finds  that 
he  is  too  late,  that  the  true  lyrical  climax  is 
reached  in  the  manner  in  which  he  gives  expres- 
sion to  his  emotions.    The  lyric  runs  thus :  — 

"  Ride  awa*  to  Aberdeen, 
To  buy  white  [».  e,  wheaten]  bread : 
Bat  ere  the  Carle  came  again, 
The  Carline  was  dead. 


xivyXXiO    Jd^JJiU    K^\J  JCjJXLJCJiS. 


[4ft  S.  IV.  July  10,  '69. 


So  he  up  with  his  club, 
And  gave  her  on  the  lug, 
And  crie^— *  Fie,  rise  Carline, 
And  eat  your  white  bread.*  ** 

Your  classical  readers  will  remember  that, 
when  the  Greek  fleet  was  windbound  at  Aulis, 
and  Chalcas  was  at  last  forced  to  declare  the  only 
remedy — sealing  the  fate  of  Iphigenia  —  the  poet 
says  tne  prophet  spoke  a  word,  such  a  word  that 
"  the  two  sons  of  Atreus  dashed  their  sceptres  on 
tlie  ground." 

Am  I  wrong  or  fanciful  in  seeing  an  analogy 
between  the  manner  of  expression  of  the  emotions 
of  the  Atreidse  and  of  the  Carle  ?  J.  H.  C. 


ROBERT  BLAIR,  AUTHOR  OF  "THE  GRAVE," 
AND  THOMAS  CAMPBELL  AND  NORRIS  OF 
BEMERTON. 

Every  one  knows  how  chagrined  the  poet  of  the 

''  Pleasures  of  Hope  "  was  on  discovering  that  his 

striking  simile  in  the  couplet  — 

*'  What  though  my  wingM  hours  of  bliss  have  been 
Like  angel  visits,  few  and  fear  between,*^ 

had  been  anticipated  by  his  fellow-countryman  in 

bis  well-known  poem  of  "  The  Grave,"  in  one  of 

its  hits  that  won  t  willingly  be  let  die : — 

**  Alas !  too  well  he  sped !  the  good  he  scom'd 
Stalked  off  reluctant,  like  an  Ol-used  ghost. 
Not  to  return  ;  or  if  it  did,  its  visits, 
lAke  those  qfangeis,  short  and  far  between,** 

It  must  be  conceded,  I  think,  that  the  earlier 

"short"  is  much  preferable  to  the   somewhat 

tautological  ''few,"  of  the  later  poet.    But  has  it 

been  pointed  out  anywhere  that  John  Norris  of 

Bemerton — ^well-nigh  a  quarter  of  a  century  before 

Blair  was  bom — ^has  ^ven  the  felicitous  simile 

with  even  nicer  felicity  P  It  occurs  in  bis  pathetic 

little  "  Parting,"  as  follows : — 

''How  fading  are  the  joyes  we  dote  upon, 
Like  apparitions  seen  and  gone : 
But  those  which  soonest  take  their  flight, 
Are  the  most  exquisite  and  strong. 
Like  anaels*  visits,  short  and  bright ; 
Mortality^  too  weak  to  bear  them  long." 

The  idea,  like  another  to  be  noticed^  immedi- 
ately, seems  to  have  been  a  favourite  one ;  for  it  is 
thus  repeated  in  his  ''Lines  to  the  Memory  of 
my  dear  Neece,  M.  C." : — 

"  No  wonder  such  a  noble  mind 
Her  way  again  to  Heaven  so  soon  could  find. 
Anaeh,  as  Uis  but  seldom  they  appear. 

So  neither  do  they  make  long  stay, 

They  do  but  visit,  and  away, 
^Tispainfor  them  t*  endure  our  too  gross  sphere. 

We  coiud  not  hope  for  a  reprieve, 
She  must  dye  soon,  that  made  such  haste  to  live.** 

I  have  a  dim  remembrance  of  having  seen  the 
former  noted ;  but  Mr.  Farrar,  in  his  preface  to  a 
beautiful  edition  of  «  The  Grave ''  (1868,  4to),  is 
silent  about  both  \  and  as  he  specially  singles  out 


Blair's  line  as  '*  exqidsite,"  and  in  context  as 
supremely  original,  must  have  been  imaware  of 
Norris,  though  referring  to  Campbell. 

That  Norris  was  the  source  whence  Blair 
fetched  the  simile  there  can  be  no  doubt.  As  I 
would  now  proceed  to  show,  he  has  taken  other 
of  the  memorabilia  of  "  The  Grave  "  from  the 
same  volume  of  Miscellanies,  Few  who  have 
studied  the  poem  forget  the  wistful  inquiry  of 
these  Shakesperean  lines : — 

"  TeU  us,  ye  dead  !  will  none  of  you,  in  pity 
To  those  you  left  behind,  disclose  the  secret  ? 
Oh  !  that  some  courteous  ghost  would  blab  it  out ! 
What  *tis  you  are,  and  we  must  shortly  be." 

Norris  has,  over  and  over,  the  same  passionate 
yearning  and  interrogation,  while  "  ghost "  is  a 
very  frequent  word  with  him ;  e,g,  in  his  "  Medi- 
tation "  you  have  this : — 

"  Some  courteous  ghost,  tell  this  great  secrecy, 
JVhat  *tis  you  are,  and  we  must  be. 
You  warn  us  of  approaching  Death,  and  why 
May  we  not  know  from  you  what  'tis  to  dye  ? 
But  3'ou,  having  shot  the  gulph,  delight  to  see 
Succ^eeding  souls  plunge  in  with  like  uncertainty.'' 

Here  thinking    and    wording    precede    Blair. 

Again: — 

"  Act  like  a  pious  courteous  ghost. 
And  to  mankind  retrieve  what's  lost.'* 

Then  there  are  the  remarkable,  the  very  re- 
markable poems  entitled  "The  Impatient  and 
"  Superstition," — than  which  there  are  few  finer 
things  in  their  immense  longing  and  sorrow  and. 
baffled  speculation  and  appeal.  But  this  is  not 
all.  Here  is  another  firm-lined  and  often-quoted 
passage  in  "  The  Grave  " : — 

**  Sure !  'tis  a  serious  thing  to  die !  My  soul, 
What  a  strange  moment  must  it  be,  when  near 
Thy  journey's  end,  thou  hast  the  gulf  in  view ! 
That  awful  gulf  no  mortal  e'er  repassed. 
To  tell  what  s  doing  on  the  other  side ! 
Nature  runs  back,  and  shudders  at  the  sight ! " 

Grander,  because  deeper  and  simpler,  is  Norris, 
twice-over,  in  "The  Prospect "  and  in  the  already 
cited  "  Meditation  " : — 

"  What  a  slranae  moment  will  that  be, 
Mv  soul,  how  fhll  of  curiosity, 
\^hen  wing'd,  and  ready  for  thy  eternal  flight 
On  th'  utmost  edges  of  thv  tattering  clay, 

Hovering  and  wishing  longer  stay 
Thou  shalt  advance,  ana  have  Eternity  in  sight ! 
When  just  about  to  try  that  unknown  Sea, 

What  a  strange  moment  will  that  be !  " 

Now  from  the  "  Meditation,"  which  with  "  The 

Impatient "  I  wish  I  could  find  space  for  in  full : 

"  When  Life's  close  ^not  b}'  writ  from  Destiny 
Disease  shall  cut  or  Age  nnty; 
When  after  some  delays,  some  dying  strife, 
lite  soul  stands  shivering  on  the  ridge  of  life  : 
With  what  a  dreadful  curiosihr 
Does  she  launch  out  into  the  ^ea  of  vast  Eternity.' 

So,  too,  in  his  "  Wish  "  :— 

**  Death,  that  amazfaig  curiosity." 


4«»S.IV.JuLTlO,*69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


29 


There  are  a  number  of  lesser  traces  of  Blair*8 
reading  of  Norris;  but  these  may  suffice.  My  copy 
of  the  Miscellanies  is  of  the  ^^  fifth  editiooi  carefully 
reTisedy  corrected,  and  improved  by  the  authors.'* 
The  date  is  1710,  but  that  "  to  the  Reader  "  is 
<*  June  1st,  1G78."  "  The  Grave  "  was  first  pub- 
lished in  1743,  I  think.  I  would  add  that  pro- 
bably Campbell  drew  his  simile  of  the  *^  angel- 
risits  "  from  Norris  rather  than  Blair,  seeing  that 
the  openiuff  of  the  '*  Pleasures  of  Hope  "  is  only 
an  ecno  of  Norris  in  his  "  Infidel."  Here  are 
both.    First  Campbell : — 

"  Why  to  yon  mountain  turns  the  musing  eye, 
Whose  sunbright  summit  mingles  with  the  sky  ? 
^Vhy  do  those  cliffs  of  shadowy  tint  appear 
More  sweet  than  all  the  landscape  smiling  near  ? 
'TYs  distance  lends  enchantnieHt  to  the  r.'eir, 
And  robes  the  mountain  in  its  azure  hue." 

Now  Norris : — 

"  Thou  mystery  of  fallacies ! 
Distance  presents  the  object  fair^ 

With  .charming  features  and  a  graceful  air, 
^ntwhen  we  come  to  seize  th'  inviting  prey, 
Like  a  shy  ghost,  it  vanishes  away.*' 

Without  indulging  in  charges  of  plagiarism, 
where  the  appropriations  may  have  been  "  tricks" 
cozening  the  orain  that  the  treasure  was  its  own, 
not  memory's,  I  feel  sure  that  to  all  interested  in 
our  national  poetry  these  details  will  be  accept- 
able. It  is  a  curious  study  to  follow  back  the 
*'  ^smiliar  words ''  that  are  on  all  our  lips.  Much 
more  frequently  than  is  supposed,  the  consum- 
mate ultimate  form  has  been  the  outcome  of  a 
long  process  and  of  many  workers. 

A.  B.  Grosabt. 

16,  St.  Alban's  Place,  Blackburn,  Lancashire. 


DiSTAKCB   AT  WHICH  BeLLS  MAY  BE  HEARD. — 

The  story  of  the  sentry  at  Windsor  Castle  hearing 
St  Paul  s  clock  strike  receives  illustration  from 
the  fact  recorded  by  Francis,  who  says  that  he 
often  heard  the  bell  of  the  New  Tower  at  Sara- 
ffoeea,  at  a  distance  of  twelve  miles,  striking  the 
nour  when  he  was  at  De  la  Muela.  A  mile  is 
defined  as  containing  a  thousand  paces,  each,  he 
aays,  of  five  feet,  and  a  foot  equals  fifteen  fingers 
in  length. 

Mackenzie  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D,,  F.S.A. 

Stbax-ships  predicted. — Lord  Stanhope,  in 

1794,  writing  to  Mr.  Wilberforce,  says :  — 

•*I  know,  and  in  a  few  weeks  shall  prove,  that  ships 
of  any  size,  and  for  certain  reasons  the  larger  the  better, 
may  he  navigated  in  anv  narrow  or  other  sea  without  sails 
(thongh  occasionally  with),  hut  so  as  to  go  without  wind, 
and  even  directly  against  both  wind  and  waves  *^ — Corresp, 
o/  W,  Wilberforce,  i.  191. 

Mackenzie  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A. 

Cockney  Rhyme:  Sir  Walter  Scott. — No 
oae  had  a  greater  hatred  of  what  are  known  as 
^oocknej  rhymes"  than  had  Sir  Walter  Soott 


He  is  generally  believed  to  be  answerable  for 

some  of  the  severe  and  ill-natured  criticisms  that 

were  made  on  the   early  productions  of  Hunt, 

Keats,  Webb,  and  other  writers  of  the  ^^cockne^^ 

school " ;  and  yet  we  find  in  Rokehy  (canto  t. 

stanza  9)  one  of  the  cockniest  of  cockney  rhymes-^ 

"  Friar  Middleton  and  blithe  Sir  Balpb, 
That  were  a  jest  to  make  us  langh." 

The  proper  name  ''  Kalph  ''  is  pronounced  three 
different  ways.  In  the  South  of  England  the 
pronunciation  is  as  it  is  spelt.  In  Yoncshire  we 
pronounce  the  name  as  ii  it  were  written  Raiff 
and  in  the  North  we  say  Itarf^  Now  it  is  evi* 
dent  that  Scott  (a  Northerner)  adopted  the  last- 
named  pronunciation,  and  also  that  ne  must  have 
pronounced  ''  laugh  "  as  it  is  given  by  the  lowett 
and  most  vulgar  cockney's  lwrf\  The  true  pro- 
nunciation is  laf,  and  the  word  finds  a  j^roper 
rhyme  in  daff  or  in  Quaff,  as  we  find  it  in  the 
modem  song  ''  The  Monks  of  Old  "  and  in  th^ 
old  ^^  Craven  Churn  Supper  Song*'  (Ancient PoemSf 
8^c,  of  the  Peasanin/y  p.  163).  To  rhyme  Maker 
with  Thalia f  tLS  Keats  does,  and  Apollo  with  hollow, 
as  Hunt  does,  and  mdow  with  consider,  as  a  popu- 
lar song- writer  once  did,  is  bad  enough ;  but  really 
these  cockney  rhymes  are  not  worse  than  what 
Scott  has  perpetrated  in  the  passage  quoted  from 
Rokehy,  Stephen  Jackson. 

Temple. — The  Swiss  Protestants  never  call 
their  places  of  worship  churches.  They  are  always 
called  '^  temples."  The  Catholics  say  that  such 
a  name  is  paganish,  but  the  response  (dways  given 
is  that  the  '^  church  "  is  the  congregation,  and  not 
the  building  where  they  assemble.  S, 

Lord  Byrox  at  Banff. — Having  observed  in 
a  late  number  of  "  N.  k  Q."  a  paragraph  relating 
to  the  early  life  of  Lord  Byron,  I  hope  a  smafi 
note  also  relating  to  his  juvenile  years  will  not  be 
out  of  place.  There  is  at  present  standing  in  the 
south  end  of  Low  Street,  the  principal  street 
of  this  town,  a  house  of  fair  average  size,  which 
is  about  to  be  demolished  for  the  piirpose  of 
having  its  site  occupied  by  a  new  court  house  just 
about  to  be  erected.  In  this  building,  the  appear- 
ance of  which  indicates  a  respectable  age.  Lord 
Byron  once  resided  for  the  space  of  a  year,  besides 
having,  during  numerous  fiying  visits  to  Banff, 
taken  up  his  abode  there.  The  house  belonged  to 
a  female  relation  of  Mrs.  Byron's,  I  think  her 
grandmother;  at  all  events  it  was  occupied  by  an 
old  dame  who  was  known  as  "  The  Lady  o'  Gicht." 
Moore,  in  his  admirable  life  of  the  great  poet, 
mentions  Banff  as  one  of  the  places  visited  by 
him  in  his  boyhood,  and  there  are  those  yet  alive 
in  the  town  who  remember  having  heard  their 
relations  talk  of  having  seen  him.  During  his 
residence  with  the  old  lady  before  mentioned,  he 
did  not  make  himself  particularly  agreeable  to  the 
inhabitants,  but  was,  on  the  other  nand,  remaik- 


30 


KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*S.IY.  Jdly10,'6B. 


ftbly  oboozinm  to  them  from  a  propenntj  he  boA 
of  playing  off  tricks  at  their  expense,  4c.,  one  of 
hia  frolics  being  that  of  robbing  an  old  pe«r-tree 
which  still  ettrnda  ia  the  garden  of  the  old  maoBe ; 
so  that,  an  he  was  styled  by  the  worthy  hurghera 
"thatlittledeevilGeordie Byron"  made  very  few 
faToiuites  od  the  ahoies  of  the  Uorar  Firth. 

J.  P.  M. 

Banff. 

CiOAM.  —  The  following  eitmcta  will  afford 
an  approiimation  to  the  data  at  which  cigitr- 
smolnng  was  introduced  iato  England,  which 
seems  to  he  at  present  a  matter  of  uncertainty ;  — 

"In  1787,  whilst  at  Horn  pMend,  the  BBrbauWa  received 
a  young  SpMniard,  and  hebetd  a  wonder,  becoine  in  oor 

time  only  wondeifull;  too  cominan '  He  is  quite  a 

man  of  one  or  tno  and  twenty,  and  rathet  look*  lite  a 
Dutchmen  than  a  Spaniard.  Did  you  ever  see  Mguars — 
tobacco  leaf  rolled  np  of  Ihe  length  of  one's  finger — which 
they  light  and  smoke  nithont  a  pipe  P  '  "  — Howitl's 
Ifo'rihtm  HtiphU  o/Londim,  p.  173. 

"  Two-and- twenty  rean  have  this  day  (December  36, 
1822,)  expired  since  the  deceisa  of  my  much-honoured 
father.  The  henevolent  features  of  Ihe  old  man  were 
■lightly  obscured  by  the  incense  of  a  cigiirre,  the  last 
Tcmoant  of  a  cock-pit  education."  —  Bv  CommisslDncr 
Locker  in  the  Ffain£n^j(A nun. 

It  is  evident,  then,  that  cigar-smoking  was 
almost  unknown  in  England  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  first  French  Revolution. 

J.  WlLKINS,  JJ.C.L. 

MifiOTTERiTE  OP  Attstria,  daughter  of  Maii- 


of  Savoy,  governed  the  Netherlands. 

HFBiiKKTRCDH  once  made  ioi^iiiry  about  por- 
traits of  this  princess.  Your  fair  correspondent 
ia  probablv  acquainted  with  one  engraved  by 
Aubert  aft^r  L.  I..  (Lucas  de  I,«yde?).  There  is 
also  a  full-leugth  portrajtof  her  (the  head  in  pro- 
file) with  crown  on  head  by  C.  Vischer.  Under- 
neath is  written  in  English  — 

"  From  Danghler  to  an  Arohdnke  I  became 

An  Emperor's  Daughter  to  King  Lewis'  aonne. 
I  Hrst  was  promlwd  with  pampe  and  fame, 
But  my  place  in  his  bed  another  wnn,"  Ac, 

In  the  fine  church  of  Bron  en  Bresse,  among 
other  tombs  of  Dukes  of  Savoy,  is  hers.  She  is  re- 
presented twiceinarecliningposture:  first.inrich 
coatume,  and  beneath  in  the  simplest  garb  with 
dishevelled  hair  and  naked  feet  The  legend 
above  ia  "  Fortvoe,  infortvne,  fortvne,"  It  has 
been  engraved  by  Thumeyssen.  P.  A.  L. 


Ourrtrtf. 


BeLi.s  AKD  SPKABS.^Will  some  reader  kindly 
inform  me  (direct  to  save  time,  and  through  the 
pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  for  the  information  of  others) 
on  what  authority  Lingard  made  the  following 
UMTtion  in  his  narrative  of  the  expedition  to 


"  When  the  army  moved  IVom  York,  the  selection  of 

the  commanders,  the  number  of  the  legions  and  au^iiUary 
cohorts,  and  the  long  trains  of  carriages  laden  witb  pro- 
visions or  implements  of  war,  proclaimed  the  determma- 

the  rebellious  tribes  in  the  north.  The  Brtt«ns  were'but 
ill  provided  against  so  formidable  an  invasion.    Th^ 

posftBSBed  no  of-—  ''- — = " —  ■  — — — " " 

Their  weapons 
>om  the  wnist 
lae  extremity  of  which  was  suspended  a 

H.  T.  ElLACOUBE,  M.A. 
Rectory,  Clyst  St.  George. 

Camdek's  AycESTKY.  —  T  do  not  know  if  the 
following  communication  will  be  thought  worthy 
of  a  place  in  "  N.  &  _Q.,"  but  if  ao,  I  shall  be  glad 
Of  it,  for  it  so  entirely  disagrees  with  Burie's 
Landed  Gentn/  veraion  of  the  Strickland  familv, 
that  I  should  like  to  know  which  is  correct.  It 
was  given  ma  by  a  lady  whose  graudm other  waa  a 
Camden,  descended  from  the  same  family  as  the 
great  historian  himaelf,  hut  who  wrote  it  I  am  not 
able  to  any.  It  is  believed  to  be  authentic  by  the 
family :  — 

"  Throngh  bis  mother  Agnes  Strickland,  the  daughter 
of  '  Sir  Tbomas  Strickland  of  Sizergh,  and  of  Edith 
Xerille  ofTbonitOD  Briggs,'  Sir  Henrj-  Curwen  was  the 
cousin  or  Queen  Catharine  Parr,  the  la«t  wife  of  Uenrf 
VIII.,  Queen  Mary's  '  of  Scotts '  aunt  bj-  marriage.  By 
the  same  maternal  descent,  Sir  Henrr  conldclaim  aSnitv 
in  blood  to  Harv  herself  and  to  Queen  Ellzabetb.  R^ph 
Neville.  Karl  of  Westmorland,  the  grandfather  (?  father) 
of  Cecily  Duchess  of  York,  having  been  their  common 
ancestor :  a  family  connection  which,  though  unnoticed 
by  anv  of  the  historians  who  record  ftlary's  brief  sojourn 
at  Wo'rkington  Hall,  waa  not  likely  lo  have  been  so  by 
her  host,  who  recognised  in  bis  illnstrious  guest  and 
kinswoman,  in  the  fifth  degree  of  cousinship,  the  heiresa 
presumptive  of  the  realm;  and,  in  spite  of  her  present 
reverse  of  fortune,  anticipated  tlieprobabilih-of  herwear- 
ing  the  threefold  garland  of  the  Britannic  Empire. 

"  It  is  worthy  of  notice,  that  Camden,  Ihe  great  topo- 
graphical historian  of  Britain,  and  the  amhor  of  the 
A  mvili  of  Queen  Elizabdh,  was  the  nephew  of  Sir  Hwry 

Queen  Marr  was  his  nnde's  guest  at  Workington  Hall,  it 
is  therefore  possible  that  he  enjnved  the  opportunity  not 
only  of  he.iTing  her  teU  her  own  story,  but  stso  of  obUlo- 
ing  its  verification  from  the  lips  of  the  noble  Scotch  exiles 
who  had  for«ikeii  all  la  follow  her  fallen  fortunes  in  a 
land  of  strangers.  Of  all  contemporary  historians,  Camden 
boars  the  moat  important  testimony  in  MBri''s  favour  iu 

says,  with  Cecil's  secret  correi<pondence  before  him,  ha 
possessed  the  kej-  to  many  a  political  mystery  which  few 
beside  could  fathom.  Bamet  hasendcavoarcd  to  impugn 
bis  veracity  by  pretending  that  he  wrote  thus  of  Mary  in 
Older  to  flatter  her  son  James  L;  but  Camden  was  the 
moat  truthful  and  ^ngle-minded  historian  ofhis  age — the 
only  one  who  grounded  his  statements  on  documentary 

"  His  illualrions  contemporary  Spenser,  who,  as  private 


4*8.1V.  Jin.TlO,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


period,  wu  a  compelcnt  witniu,  pluses  Hie  fullowirt' 
W«II-d»emd  culogiam  on  him  : — 
"'Camden,  ihe  nuuriw  of  aniiciuil)', 

A>d  lanllioni  luUii  eavh  wieoeediug  age, 

TosM  theli^lil  uf  ample  vtrltj-. 

Camdea.  ihnu'h  time  all  muviiinents  obncnrc, 

Yei  lb)-  Br>'«t  fabuur*  over  tihall  sniJare.' " 

DnDLEY  Cabt  Elwbb. 

Sootb  Bentcil,  Di^'noi. 

Geohoc  Essleheabi,  miniature-painfor,  pnic- 
tJMd  in  thu  liist  quiuter  of  the  List  ceatury 
with  greflt  repuU',  and  was  mmiature-pitinter  to 
George  111.  Ilia  portraits  were  mavked  by  great 
poiver  and  fine  colour,  and  liu  malo  porlraits 
especially  were  full  of  clinracter.  He  ia  ge- 
□erally  wd  to  linvo  died  at  the  end  of  ibe 
century,  but  I  believe  was  living  in  1812.  It 
would  be  of  much  inlccaat  if  aay  reader  of 
*'  N.  &  Q."  could  gire  more  full  ioforoialioii  of  so 
^ood  an  artiat ;  or  of  the  members  of  his  family, 
who  were  also  artista.  B,  H, 

Kensington. 

The  BiRoifF.icv  of  Houb  of  Resios.— Sir 
JiAut  Home  of  Iteutun  was  created  a  baronet  in 
160B.  'ITiere  were  four  barouHla  in  8u««BMon, 
but  the  title  ia  now  durmaiil,  not  eilinct.  Who 
is  the  representative  of  the  boujd  ? 

CuABLEa  BooEna,  LL.D. 
Snowdtmn  Villa,  Lewuham.  S.E. 

Ikish  PiKPHLKT  (DATE  CIBCi  1703).  — Mr. 
Lucellee,  in  his  Liier  Mwi.  Pfib.  Ililiemite  (pt.  v. 
p.  257),  Bfter  stating  that  Thomas  Kin^  M.A., 
WM  inaloUiid  in  the  prebend  of  Swords,  Ftb.  10, 
1703,  adds  the  following :  — 

"  It  appearr',  from  a  paofhlet  of  thii  timt.,  that  ho  irn* 
the  Air:hbiahDp's  (uf  Duliiin)  nephew,  u  wo8  likewL* 
hii  Biiccewor  (Robert  DongalC}." 

I  ihould  be  glad  of  auy  information  respecting' 
the  pamphlet  here  alluded  to,  its  name,  subject, 
&c.  The  llev.  Thomas  King  was  the  eisih  son 
of  Junea  King,  Esq.,  of  Cormrd  and  Holn,  Fer- 
m.-U)agb.  Thero  is  an  account,  in  The  Stale  of  (Ac 
PrBttttanU  of  Ireland^  ^c,  of  hie  imprisonment  in 
Newgate  in  1680  for  refusing,  "rm  unfit  for  a 
Chiutian,  much  more  for  a  clergyman,"  to  drink 
caofusioD  and  damnntion  to  the  Prince  of  Orange. 
C.  S.  K. 

^  St.  Peter*  Square,  Hmnmemmilb. 

Juvix,  TTIE  Dabbrr  Pobt.  —  Has  any  por- 
tnit  been  published  of  M.  Jasmin,  the  popular 
barber  poet  of  Gnscony,  who  died  in  1804  f 

W.  E.  A.  A. 

Did  EnuuKD  Keait  eveq  ascend  Mont 
Blikc  ? — Now  that  Edmund  Kean'a  claim  to  an 
Eton  education  U  effectually  disposed  of,  it  may 
not  be  idle  to  asli  if  he  ever  ascended  MootUlimc 
Mr.  Hawkins  aays  he  did  so  about  1818.  The 
caUbnted  ueeat  of  M.  ^aua.'ture  was  in  1787,  and 
tlut  of  Anldjo  ID  18S7— (I  quote  both  dotes  fvom 


memory) — and  if  Kean  preceded  Auldjo  by  so 
many  years,  surely  it  must  have  excited  notice  at 
the  dine.  I'ossibly,  in  moments  of  e.tcitement, 
be  biMUted  of  a  feat  he  never  aecompliahed,  aa  he 
was  known  to  have  asserted  that  he  was  present  at 
the  battle  of  Waterloo.  U.  O.  N. 

Wenminater  Club, 

In  Hawkins's  Xi/po/'jFrfniHjirfXe'jnfii,  57)  we  are 
informed  that  in  1817.  while  on  his  Continental 
trip,  Kean  ascended  Mont  Blanc,  and  much  en- 
joyed the  view  from  its  summit.  As  in  those 
days,  and  indeed  previous  to  1830,  ascentB  of 
Moat  Blanc  were  few  and  far  between,  perhaps 
some  of  your  readerd  way  be  able  to  iuform  me 
whether  any  details  of  this  interestiug  ascent 
exist  at  Chamounix  or  elsewhere.  The  sculing  of 
the  mountain  by  Dr.  Hamil  in  1820  and  by 
Auldjo  in  18^G  are  duly  recorded,  and  it  would 
be  A  iliousand  pltiea  if  that  of  Edmund  Eenn  in 
1817  should  be  forgotten;  certainly  the  most  in- 
teresting since  that  of  Saussure.  How  the  little 
mnu  must  have  electrified  his  guides  !    J.  A.  II, 

Pgttamouth. 

KlDKArPINu.  —  Some  curious  cases  of  child- 
stealing  have  been  reported  in  the  uewspapen 
recently,  and  I  venture  to  moke  the  following 
inquiry  respectiog  an  instance  of  this  description 
of  crime.  In  the  monthly  news  department  of 
an  early  number  of  Bladaooo^g  Mayadnc  is  re- 
ported the  trial,  at  Edinburgh,  of  a  woman  for 
child -stealing.  The  circumhtancea  were  curious. 
The  jiimtul  bad  lost  her  employment  at  a  colliery 
south  of  Ekiinburgh,  and  stated  that  ehe  had  been 
informed  that  she  might  get  work  in  Clackman- 
nanshire, and  would  bo  more  likely  to  be  em- 
ploved  at  the  coal-pitd  there  if  she  took  a  child 
witlk  her.  Ou  her  way  thither  she  picked  up  aa 
I  infant  at,  I  think,  Ciiineiy  Bank — a  hamlet  on 
the  immediate  north-wust  of  the  Scottish  capital. 
She  was  found  working  at  a  colliery  in  the  county 
tiamed,  and  the  stolen  child  in  her  poiseasion; 
and  being  brought  back  to  Edinburgh,  was  thero 
tried,  convicted,  and  sentenced  to  death. 

Can  Mb.  G.  Vebis  Ibvi.vo,  or  any  of  your 
northern  cortespondouts,  inform  me  whether  this 
eentence  was  carried  out  ?  Thu  datu  would  be 
about  1818  or  1810.  Bedingtoh. 

Lawbesce.  —  Among  the  records  of  several 
Lawrences,  whoM  property  was  sequestered  for 
adhesion  to  the  Ko^al  interests,  there  is  among 
the  Royal  Commission  Papers  the  following :  — 

1/39/613,  John  Lavrence  of  Llanvrechfa.  eoin  Moa- 
inouth,  1C49.  EilwanlLawranoeof  BaBchurcb.corii  Salop, 
roinisUr,  1G51. 

a'47,'BUD.  UUea  Lawrence  of  Bengiforili,  Worcester, 
Gent.,  eonneeled  wltli  Gilo  !,•,  of  Yanwortli,  and  wilt  at 
Ana  L.  alluded  to. 

Can  any  one  of  yout  readers  give  me  a  clue  to 
their  descent  and  progenitors  ?  It.  G.  L. 


32 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*h  S.  IV.  July  10,  '69. 


Thtert  Lawgendyck, — This  painter,  according 
to  Stanley's  Bryan,  executed  some  fine  designs  of 
combats  and  battle  scenes,  which  are  said  to  have 
been  engraved.  I  should  feel  obliged  if  any  of 
your  readers  who  are  acquainted  with  the  works 
of  this  artist  would  inform  me  whether  there 
are  any  examples  in  this  country,  and  whether 
they  are  accessible. 

I  should  also  bo  glad  to  know  whether  the  his- 
torical episode  of  Prince  Rupert  and  Prince 
Maurice  leaving  Dover  in  164o  has  ever  been 
made  the  subject  of  a  picture,  and  whether  it  has 
been  engraved.  Sandalixtic. 

Brompton. 

Ltjsher.— In  the  Heralds'  Visitations  for  Surrey 
there  occurs  a  family  named  Lusher ;  the  same  name 
is  also  met  with  in  Suffolk  and  Norfolk.  Are  the 
two  families  connected  ?  What  is  the  etymologv 
of  the  name  P  I  can  find  no  place  from  which  it 
could  be  derived;  and  it  can  hardly  be  the  name 
of  a  business.  Zetexes. 

Napoleon  I.  and  his  Second  Mabbiaoe. — On 
the  occasion  of  Napoleon's  marriage  to  Marie 
Louise  a  great  balLwas  given  to  their  majesties 
by  the  Austrian  ambassador.  A  fire  broke  out  in 
the  ball-room  during  the  festivities,  and  several 
were  killed^  the  hostess  herself  (Princess  Schwart- 
zenbuig)  among  the  number.  Paris  was  next  day 
pretty  equally  divided  between  three  parties : 
those  who  regarded  the  disaster  as  a  simple  acci- 
dent; those  who  saw  in  it  a  timely  intimation 
from  Heaven  that  the  old  rule  still  held  good 
about  those  **  whom  God  hath  joined  " ;  and 
those  who  believed  it  to  be  the  work  of  political 
conspirators.  The  first  theory^  of  course^  in  the 
absence  of  evidence,  must  be  assumed  to  be  the 
correct  one;  the  second  enjoys  the  comfortable 
privilege  of  being  equally  impervious  to  disproof 
either  with  evidence  or  witnout  it,  and  either 
alone  or  in  company  with  one  or  both  of  its  com- 
petitors ;  the  last  seems  to  me  to  have  the  solitary 
out  valuable  advantage  of  pnnid  facie  moh&hUity, 

My  query  is,  Was  there  any  investigation  into 
the  circumstances  of  the  occurrence,  or  any  arrest 
made ;  and,  in  a  word,  is  the  event  to  be  included 
in  the  long  list  of  attempts  on  the  great  emperor's 
life?  I  am  doubtful  as  to  what  signincanoe 
ought  to  be  attached  to  the  fact  that  the  occur- 
rence caused  much  discussion  and  excitement  in 
France,  and  very  little  of  either  in  England. 

XV.  C.  L. 

NuNNBRiB.— There  is  a  farm-house  of  this 
name  on  the  banks  of  the  Daer,  in  the  parish  of 
Crawford,  Lanarkshire.  In  regard  to  it  Mr.  Cosmo 
Innes  remarks,  in  the  Origine^  Parochiales,  i.  166 — 

**  There  is  a  place  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Daer,  oppo- 
site to  the  monks'  lands  of  the  Smethwod,  which  is 
called  Nunnery,  but  of  the  origin  of  that  name  nothing  it 
Kmnonm 


My  own  subsequent  researches  have  proved 
equally  unsuccessful. 

My  attention  was  forcibly  recalled  to  this  fact 
by  a  passage  I  stumbled  upon  the  other  day  in 
tne  account  of  the  parish  of  Hamilton  in  the  New 
Statistical  Account  of  Scotland — **  within  half  a 
mile  of  each  other  we  have  Quhiteca^np,  Castle^ 
hiU,  and  Covent-bum,  although  no  traces  of  a 
camp  or  castle  or  cotivent  are  now  to  be  found,  nor 
is  any  tradition  of  them  preserved." 

Our  current  records  contain  no  notice  of  a 
monastic  establishment  on  either  site. 

Can  any  reader  explain  how  these  places  came 
to  receive  ecclesiastical  names  when  no  religious 
foundation  appears  ever  to  have  existed  at  eitner  P 

George  Verb  Irving. 

William  Rawson  op  Bradford. — In  Burke'a 
History  of  the  Commoners,  1836  (ii.  47),  it  is  stated  • 
that  William  Rawson  of  Bradford,  whose  will 
bears  date  March  18,  1549,  had  five  sons;  and 
that  the  first  of  these  married,  '^  as  is  stated  in 
the  Visitation  of  Yorkshire,  1666,  Agnes,  daughter 
and  heiress  of  William  Gascoyne,  Esq."  The 
Heralds'  Visitation  meant  must  be  that  taken  by 
Dugdale  in  1665  and  1666,  which  was  published 
by  the  Surtees  Society  in  1860.  In  this  work  the 
pedigree  of  Rawson  of  Shipley  occurs  at  p.  258 ; 
but  there  "  William  Rawson  of  Shipley,  in  Com. 
Ebor."  appears  with  the  sign  of  marriage  after  his 
name,  but  neither  the  Christian  nor  surname  'of 
his  wife  is  given.  I  am  anxious  to  know  who 
this  person  did  marry,  when  he  died,  and  whether 
there  is  any  proof  that  Agnes  Rawson,  widow^ 
who  was  living  at  Sherbum  in  that  county  in  or 
about  1603-1605,  was  his  widow. 

Edward  Peacooe. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

Sanderson's  Lincolnshire  Collections. — In 

the  third  part  of  Catahgi  Librorum  Manuscript 

torum   Anglia  et  HibemicBj   Oxoniae,  1697  (pp. 

389,  390),  is  a  list  of  MSS.  belonging  to  Peter  le 

Neve.     Among  these  was — 

*'  A  large  folio  MS.  written  by  Sir  WilUam  Hayward^ 
Knt.  .  .  .  being  mostly  a  copy  or  extracts  out  of  Bishop 
Sanderson's  collections  relating  to  the  county  of  Lin- 
coln .  .  .  ." 

I  am  very  anxious  to  know  where  this  book  is 
at  the  present  time.  Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

Family  of  Sir  Walter  Scott. — There  is  an 
admirablv  prepared  genealogical  chart  of  the 
family  of  the  great  Scottish  reformer,  John  Knox^ 
published  by  Menzies  of  Edinburgh.  '^  The  An- 
cestors, Descendants,  and  Collateral  Relatives  of 
Robert  Bums,''  have  been  most  carefully  en- 
teretl  in  an  elaborate  ^nealogical  chart,  prepared 
by  Mr.  Robert  Duthie  of  Stonehaven,  and  ap- 
pended to  Mr.  James  Ballantine's  Chronicle  of  tne 
Hundredth  Birthday   of  the  Scottish  Bard  (A. 


4tt8.IT.Ji;i 


90 


NOTES  AKD  QUERIES. 


FuUartoD  &  Co.,  1659).  Could  anj  readers 
of  "  N.  &  Q,"  aupply  particuldrs  to  aid  in  pie- 
poting  a  genealogical  cliart  of  the  aiiceatora 
and  coUnteral  relatLnDs  of  Sir  Walter  Scott .° 
Tlia  oaljr  tiring'  deacendant  of  the  author  of 
Waveriei/  ia  his  great-^auddaughter,  Mitrf-MonicB 
tlope  Scott.  Charlbs  Booebs,  LL.D. 

SoDwdona  Villa,  Lewisliam,  S.E. 
A  Slift  of  Beep. — In  the  recent  election  peti- 
tion inquiry  at  Norwich  on  May  20,  Sir  E. 
Lacon's  coo"!!  teatified  to  having  cooked  "ft  sitloiu 
of  beef,  loaat  ribs  of  beef,  and  a  boiled  slift  of 
beef" ;  and  a  butcher  at  Orntesby  stated  that  he 
bad  supplied  the  airlola  "and  a  elift  of  beef." 
This  is  probably  a  local  term,  but  I  wish  to  know 
nliat  port  is  "  the  slift."  Ccthjjeet  Bede. 


vSunictf  totti]  'SinHcatti. 
Crrr  op  Lokdos  SwoHDHEAftiiiw.  —  I  have 
oeTer  been  able  to  lind  in  print  or  MS.  any  list  of 
the  Swordbearers  to  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London. 
The  notes  subjoined  are  offered  as  a  contribution 
towuds  forming  such  a  list,  in  the  hope  that  youv 
correspondents  may  complete  the  series:  — 
3570,  D«.  a.  "  Mr.  Eobt.  Smart,  Sworfbcnrer  of  London," 

wu  buiieJ  nt  St.  Giles',  CripDleeate.--i'iir.  Hcgiitrr. 
1663-8,  March  a.  Mr.  MetUwoltl  [llecCiiu   Wm.  Mctb- 

wdd,  Es|.,  o(  Unla  Hoas^  Kensingtoa  ] ,  some  time 

Swotdbeurcr,  iliea.—Siny til's  Ofiiiimrj. 
IMS,  D«!.  10.  Sir.  Wm.  GonlliDrp,  onw  Swordbearer  lo 

the  Lord  Msyor,  died  ia  Moorfielita Idrm. 

16S9,  Oct.  20.   Wm.  Miui,  Esq.,  was  admitted  Sworl- 

bearer,  and  cootinaed  in  office  until  bia  death  in  I70.'>. 
1706,  April  30.    U'm.  Man,  Es-u  Sirordbeuri^r,  died.— 

Shu.  /lunrofion  in  GidldkaU  Chapitl. 
I7il,Kov.  II.  Mr.Collier,theCity  Swordbearer,  died.— 

BuL  tUgiittr. 
1731,  Nor.  26.  Mr.  Barton,  the  Common  Hunt,  waa  ad- 

■nittad  Swordbcsrer  to  the  Lord  Mayor.—  Idtia. 
17S6,  Dec  21.  John  Barton,  Ein.,  Swordbcurer,  died.— 

Idrm. 
1726-6,  Jan.  1,  Isaac  Mnn,  Esq.,  was  admitted  Sword- 
bearer. — Idan. 
t7!>.  May  9.  IsnacMaa,  Esq.,  Swordbcarer,  died.— -/ifan. 
1727,  May  13.  Tlios.  Carbouall,  Jiin.,  Esq.,  was  admitted 

Sword  bearer.-  Idem. 
1818,  Ang.  25.  lu  Broad  Street,  nged  eeventy,  VVni.  Cot- 

lerell,  Esq.,  Swordbearer  (o  the  City  of  London,    lie 

held  the  o&ee  upwards  of  forty  years,  and  gave  70D0(, 

for  it.    By  Lis  death  it  reverts  to  theUDrparatltm,irbD, 

it  is  said,  intend  bealovring  it  gratuitauslv  in  future. 

The  profiu  are  upwards  of  lOtiOrper  aa.—  ilinl.'i  Mag. 

Tewaks. 

[John  Peverick  was  appointed  tu  the  office  of  Swoidbearer 
by  the  Conrt  of  Aldermen  July  <!,  Ii26.  Tho  house 
over  the  gate  of  Guihlhall  given  him  for  ids  reaidencr, 
Feb.  20, 1427. 

ZUchara  Power  elected  lo  the  office  May  18, 1442,  and 
■worn  to  faithfully  execute  the  same  Jul;  28  fallowing. 
The  hoiue  otct  the  Inner  gate  of  the  Gnildhall  given 


John  Wcltusborue  admitted  to  the  office  June  7,  1464. 
He  waa  succeeded  by  John  Morley,  Sept.  20,  1465; 
upon  whose  resignation  John  Melford  was  elected, 
Sept.  17,  UG7. 

Valentine  Mason  elected  Swordbenier,  /oro  Pyuchlfeck 
deceased,  Nov.  7, 1503. 

Kicbard  Berwyk  sworn  faithfully  lo  perform  hhi  office 
May  27,  1622.    On  account  of  bis  great  age  and  in- 
\  granted  lo  bin),  by  the  Mayor 
bis  bonnet  on  bis  head.  Oct.  9. 

Walter  Smith  a<lmitted  to  tlie  office,  loco  Beiwyk,  at  th* 
prayer  of  Sir  Thomas  More,  May  10, 1528. 

James  Arnold  admitted  January  7, 1538. 

Robert  Smsrte  sworn  to  faitbrully  execnts  the  oSca 
before  the  Court  of  Aldermen,  Febroary  12, 1G88  ;  and 
on  the  91h  July,  they  gave  him  the  Ankers  House,  by 
the  church  of  AUhallows-in-the-Wall,  lo  reside  in. 

"1370,  Jan.  9,  This  day  Nicholas  Willys,  AVater-baily 
of  this  Cytie,  dyd  fully  surrender  into  the  hands  of 
the  Court  of  Aldermen  the  reveriion  of  the  aSce  of 
Swordberer,  which  was  granted  lo  him  by  this  Court 
to  enjoye  the  same  uext  after  the  death  of  Bobert 
Suurto,  then  Swordbcarer." 

Matthew  Stardyvant  admitted  and  sworn,  Jan.  9, 1570 ; 
and  on  the  lOlh  of  September,  15S3,  they  gave  tdm 
fourpence  a-day  for  life.     Upon  his  decease 

Rowland  Smart  was  eloclcd  July  8,  1591. 

Waller  Leigh  eleetod,  taco  Smart,  May  4, 1610.  Ho  was 
Bucceedeil  by 

Humphrey  Leigli,  June  7,  IQOl.  He  held  the  offioe  oT 
Serjeant-at-Arms  to  hb  Majesty  Charles  L,  and  great 
complaint  was  made  because  he  did  the  duties  by  da- 
puty  (Mr.  WiUiara  Methall),  who.*  nos  succeeded  by 
(William  HaU),  Feb.  26,  IG32. 

Walter  Fnst  elected  May  16, 1643,  in  the  room  of  Hnm- 
phrey  Lee,  Ifeijeaat-at-Mace  to  tho  King,  who  was 
discharged  for  not  attending  personally  to  bis  olBos, 
The  dwelling-house  aver  Atdgate  to  live  in. 

William  Gunthorpe  admitted  to  the  ulGce,  hat  Frost, 
January  20,  1645;  sad  permission  was  given  him  (o 
reaidB  over  the  Aldgate,  providing  be  hung  out  a  lant- 
home  and  candle-light  every  dirk  evening  during 
the  lime  he  resided  there-  A  present  of  200/.  was 
given  him  for  his  services  a  few  yflarj  subsequently. 
Robert  Russell  admitted  to  the  office  Oct,  6, 1G57. 
John  Tophom  sworn  January  19,  1657-3. 
Wiiliani  Mann  admitted,  /oca  Topbam,  Oct.  20,  166S ; 
and  on  the  6 lb  July.  1G60,  he  was  suspended  by  the 
Court  of  Aldermen  from  his  offii-o  for  marrying  the 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Peakc,  alderman,  witboot  bis 
consent  The  tears  of  the  daughter  seemed,  bowoi'STi 
to  have  the  effect  of  cooling  the  anger  of  that  citiien; 
for,  by  the  2Ulh  July,  he  was  restored  agam  to  offlse 
on  the  intcrcesaion  of  Sir  W,  I'eake. 

Wui.  Cotlerell,  Esq.,  Swordbearer,  who  pnrcboied  the 
office  of  Heron  Powney  for  10,300(.,  presented  a  peti- 
tion to  the  Common  Cuuneil  on  the  20th  October,  1802, 
upon  the  proposed  dimbintion  of  his  fees.  Thiaira* 
referred  to  a  Committee  to  consider  the  same,  wiio 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[**  a  IV.  Jolt  10, '69, 


reported  ttut  tbn  ofGccr  was  cii(iUe<l  to  compenMtion 
for  the  lou  bo  lind  lualaineil. 
At  a  meeting  of  IIib  Common  Coundl,  Sept,  2*.  ISIB, 
the  Lord  Mayor  ruporled  a  vflqaocv  In  [lie  ofliee  of 
Svordbearsr  liy  the  decease  of  Wlltiam  Cottcrtll : 
reaolved  that  a  Coniinitteo  be  appointed  to  consider 
the  datiea  of  the  dIHcb  and  the  emalumeuta  {  made 
Iheir  report  Jan.  ^S,  ]8I9;  Tecomniendcd  lh«  the 
office  ahoold  in  folarc  not  be  hy  piirchoie.  but  by  elec- 

Thomas  Smilh,  fumierly  Caiihier  to  the  Chamber  of  Lon- 
don, Bieetod  by  the  Common  Council  June  11.  1819. 
He  retired  from  the  office  upon  a  penidou  granted  to 
bim  Dec.  6, 1832. 
Chnrlea  William  Hick;,  of  Gl,  Chmpide,  formorlr  mem- 
ber of  the  Common  Council  for  the  Ward  of  Cord- 
wainer  elected  to  the  office  of  Swordbearer  Dec  30, 
1882.  lie  died  at  Brixtou,  aged  niuety-fuur,  ^'ov-  '20, 
1860. 
Heni7  Witlinm  Scir«l),  the  preient  officer,  elected  May  3, 

1860. 
The  Swordhcnror  is  elected  by  the  Common  Council.  He 
is  admitted  and  sworn  before  the  Court  of  Aldermen. 
The  offlcGT  is  not  now  njipointcd  h^  purchiue.  It  in 
Midwithin  the  last  twentj- years,  when  tlioofflM  miaht 
be  alienated  by  the  hohler,  8,000/.  or  lO.OUOf.  baa 
been  offered  for  it.— Report  froa  tht  CommiaionurM 
on  JUunicipal  OorpoTaUonn,  Laadon  end  SoailiMta-t, 
pp.  67,118.) 

The  ancient  duties  ofthb  officer,  who  a  not  only  nn 
attendant  on  Die  Lord  Mayor  alimad  bk  bearer  ol  the 
tirord,  but  within  doors  gorerus  the  officers  in  tlie 
family  of  the  Mayor  (over  whom  he  bath  a  great  com- 
mand and  authority  to  order  and  impriain  tlicm  for  mia- 
behavionror  neglect  of  daty),  and  arranges  mattera  for 
the  Btate  and  honour  of  the  Laid  Mni'or  and  of  tbeCily. 
Oar  readers  are  Indi^bted  for  these  interesting  par- 
ticulars of  the  Swordbearcra  t"  the  active  rcKarchca  of 
Mr.  W.  n.  Overall,  F.S.A.,  (he  Curator  of  the  Guildhall 
Library;  a  library  which  we  hope  will  iti  time  take 
iuch  rank  among  the  local  repositories  of  learning  in 
Europe  09  becomes  the  Library  uf  the  City  ufLondun.] 


feelings  consequent  on  the  said  editorial  nola  ii 
the  ls£t  number  f  "  Easter  Day  in  1307  fell  on 
April  18."  How  ia  it,  tbdt  however  carefully  I 
tty  the  recipe  in  the  Prajer-boolf,  it  persiata  in 
falling  on  Marcli  28  P  There  is  no  apparent  limit- 
ation of  time  in  the  calrulalion  of  the  Golden 
Number,  while  we  do  find  something  about  "the 
neitceiittiry,  tbdt  i>,  from  the  year  1800  to  1800," 
concerning  the  Sunday  Letter.  Tlte  klter,  Lelta' 
Calendar  tella  me,  was  C ;  wid  lUo  Golden  Num- 
ber, According  to  my  small  powers  of  arithmetic, 
should  hfiro  been  nineteen.  Wbat  was  "  the 
present  time"  in  the  Prayer-book  htbleeP  and  how 


am  I  to  discover  the  principle  underlying  tha 
depths  of  the  backward  ealculutione  ?  I  laboured 
under  the  pleasing  delu3ii')n  that  1  had  discoyerBiJ 
it,  but  tbe  editorial  note  has  apparently  shown  it 
to  be  the  "  baseless  fabric  of  a  viaion."  Pleiue 
teli  me  how  to  calculate  Easter  (without  any 
algebra)  before  "the  present  time"  ! 

llERKEnTRUDE, 
{We  might  have  qnoted  nljo  as  our  authority  for 
Kaalcr  Da)  in  1367  fatting  on  the  18th  April,  that  most 
useful  hook  bv  llr.  Ilond.  the  l/aidi/  Baal,  aflhila  and 
Tabtf  far  viifyiag  Data  «f  IIMoriad  Eoend,  ic  ; 
where  wo  learn  from  Ilia  clinpter— "  Easter  Day,  with 
Tables  for  flading  the  Dale  for  both  Style*,  Old  and  New  " 
(pp.SGitnf.)— that  C,  being  the  Sonday  Letter  for  H67r 
and  nineteen  the  Golden  Numbtr,  Easter  Day  feli  on  (he 
18th  April.] 

NicnoL.is  DS  Ltb.*. — Biographical  dictionaries 
generally  begin  their  laconic  tketoh  of  this  cele- 
brity witb — "  So  called  from  tho  place  of  hia  birth, 
Lyre,  in  Normnndy."  Is  there,  or  waa  there, 
such  a  place  iu  Normaailyf  Geohob  Piqot. 

fLyre,  whence  tlio  Frani^iscan  ommentotor  darived 
his  surname.  Is  n  small  <anrn  in  tlie  diuccsa  uf  Kt-ieux, 
in  Xonnandy — the  siippoaed  plac;  of  his  birth  in  the 
Ihlrleenth  century.] 


(4"  S,  iii.  502.) 

I  fear  that  no  good  reason  can  ho  found  for 
attributing  Caxt9n's  first  edition  of  the  Chen* 
Book  to  the  year  1474.  The  date  appears  oa  a 
part  of,  and  at  the  end  of  tbe  text,  and  pltdnly 
refers  to  the  Iranslntioa  fmm  French  into  liln^sh, 
and  not  to  the  printing.  *Besides  which,  if  I  am 
not  niislaken,  the  commencement  of  the  year  in 
the  Low  Coutitrios  was  nt  that  time  reckoned 
from  Easter-day,  which  in  1474  fell  upon  April 
10,  so  that  we  uiust  take  Unrch  31,  1475,  as  the 
true  date  of  the  translation.  The  work  was  cer- 
tainly not  printed  in  Ivugland,  and  was  executed 
niostprohaoly  in  the  workshop  of  Col.ird  Mansion, 
over  tliQ porch  of  the  church  (if  ^.Bonatusat  Uniges. 
Now  we  know  that  Cnxton  was  at  work  in  1477, 
just  outside  Westiiiin.'liT  Abbey,  and  probably 
settled  there  in  1476.  From  tbehednta  we  cannot 
be  far  wrong  in  afagninjr  tliu  Rrst  edition  of  the 
Chen  Book  to  the  end  of  147^  or  the  bcnuning  of 
147«. 

The  work  itself,  eapecially  when  the  first  two 
leaves  containing  tbe  dedicBtiou  are  not  wanlbg, 
is  as  interesting  as  it  is  rare ;  and  the  only  reasons 
I  can  imagine  why  bibliophUes  and  even  (he  trade 
have  always  treated  it  as  comparatively  of  little 


'»  8.  IV.  jDLt  10,  'eg,] 


KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Tftlue  ia  the  miMiiaiiitj  of  bnth  date  and  racp. 
nnd  the  absence  of  those  curious  woodcuts  tchicli 
give  such  an  old-world  charm  to  the  second  edi- 
tion. It  is  a  fact  worth  noting  that  no  book  of 
Caxtoa's  has  duriii?  the  pitat  century  undergoui; 


Chrt. 


Here  ia   a.   specimen   of  veTsification   wherein 
pion,  aa  D'Israeli  rcruarkB,  was  flattered  tl 


64/.  fSi  j  1810,  White  Knights,  421. ;  1820,  Inglis. 
3U  lOi.  ;  1837,  Sir  II.  Mamwaring,  a  perfect  antl 
splendid  copj  in  the  original  binding,  101/. ;  in 
1866,  Lord  Audley,  60/.  lOa.  Mr.  Quaritch's,  prici- 
400/.  for  a  copy  more  imperfect  than  that  of  Lord 
Audley,  ia  magnificent,  nnd  as  the  greater  the  cost 
the  more  care,  presumably,  will  be  bestowed  oa 
its  preservation.  I  liope  it  may  find  a  purchaser. 
I  am  sure  Mr,  Piqqoi,  Jim.,  will  excuse  mc 
drawing  hie  attention  to  tlie  fact,  that  in  my  Life, 
&c.,  which  ho  does  me  the  honour  of  quoting,  I 
have  described  ten  copies  (vol.  ii.  p.  2o6),  Uiat 
now  on  sale  making  eleven.  In  the  same  volume 
be  will  find  (p.  31)  that  the  Proposilio  Jukanmn 
RtiaeU  has  f  .     .   -        -  . 


liis  writing  would  impart 
wretched  compositions : — 

"  No  sweeter  forca  the  orator  bestows, 
When  from  hia  lipatbe  graceful  period  flows. 
Than  worda  receive  wben  by  tby  matchleas  art. 
Charming  the  ej-e,  Ihey  alide  into  the  beart; 
Wben  double  strength'at tracts  both  ear  sod  sight. 
And  anj  Imn  proct  phasing  ahm  you  writt." 
Xot  BO  complimentary  is  Maasey  in  hia  notice 
of    another    author's   production,   entitled  Art'i 
Master-Piece,   or  the  Pen'     "  "      " 

mer.     Of  this  he  says,  " 
'  deserves  that  pompous  title." 

1  worth  a  gape  ao  large  produce  ? 


fl  G/oi'i/,  by  James  Sea- 


Theli 


,'lling  I 


sidered  "  unique. 


9  lost  its  title  to  being  C' 

WlI-LUM  BUDES. 


PESMEX. 

(i'-'-  S.  iii.  458, 503.) 
W,  P.  will  find  much  interesting  informntion 
respecting  early  penmen  and  their  works,  in- 
cluding most  of  the  authors  whose  names  ho 
mentions,  in  it  work  hy  W.  JIassey,  published  ia 
1703,  entitled  The  Ont/in  and  Progtyss  of  LeUers, 
the  second  part  of  which,  comprising  175  pages, 
consists  of 

"A  oompendloua  Account  of  the  most  celtbratiHl  Eng. 
lish  Penmen,  with  the  Titica  and  Cbnr.ictera  of  tlic  Itoak^ 
titej  have  published  bolh  from  the  Hulling  and  Letter 
Pi«M, — a  new  Species  of  Biography  never  altempled  be- 
fore in  Englbh." 

There  is  a  somewhat  extended  notice  of  Mas- 
sey's  work  in  D'Israeli's  Curioiiiies  of  Litei-atiirc, 
under  the  heading  "  The  History  of  Writing- 
Masters,"  chiefly  criliciainj.'  the  pretensions  of  the 
craft  to  be  considered  artists,  and  their  extra- 
ordinary flattery,  jealousy,  nnd  rivalry  of  one 
another. 

"Never,"  «aj-a  D'lataeli,  "  has  Ihera  betii  *  race  of 
prafeasors  in  anv  art,  who  liavc  exceeded  in  solemnity 
and  pretensions'  Ibe  pruutitioiicri  in  this  sinple  me- 
cbanical  craft.  Artists  in  vene  and  colonrJ,  poets  and 
peintOB,  have  not  raised  iofrierprelensionj  to  tlie  adiiii- 
ratian  of  mankind.  W'riting-maaiera,  or  culIiKraplictJ, 
have  had  their  engraved  'elligies,'  with  a  Fan-.c  in 
flourishes,  a  pen   in    one  hand,  and   a  trumpet  in  the 


John  Seddon,  according  to  Massey,  appears  to 
have  exceeded  all  Enpilish  penmen  in  fruitfu)ne8» 
of  fancy  and  surprising  invention  in  the  orna- 
mental parts  of  his  writing.  His  Penman's  Para~ 
dise  was  published  in  1005,  and  "  like  a  delightful 
flowry  garden  ho  designed  it."  Here  is  his  epi- 
taph by  a  brother  of  the  quill : — 

**  I*rincea  by  birth,  and  politic^  bear  away. 

But  here  lies  one  of  more  command  than  they ; 

For  they  by  eteadj  councils  rule  a  land. 

But  this  l»'he,  coulil  men,  birds,  Ixasts  commatKl, 

Ev'n  by  the  gentle  motion  ofbishand. 

Then  penmen  weep,  your  mighty  loss  deplore, 

Since  the  great  Seddon  can  command  no  more." 

Of  a  more  practical  character  was  Charles  Snell, 
who  utterly  rejected  ornamental  penmanship : — 

"How  justly  bold  in  SncU'B  improving  bond. 
The  pen  at  once  joins  freedom  with  command  I 
With  (oftfiess  strune.  with  ornament"  not  v»in. 

Not  BwelI'd, 
And  artful  n 


not  full,  complete  in  every  part, 
loat  when  not  affecting  art'' 


8  ins. 


[  their  i 


written!   They  have 

■The  nimbly  turning  of  their  ailver  qnill ' 
to  th«  beastiTul  in  art  and  the  snblime  in  invention ;  nor 
ii  this  wonderful,  since  they  discover  the  art  of  writing, 
lika  the  Invention  of  language,  in  a  divine  original ;  and 


Among  other  celebrated  worthies  "who  have 
made  a  shining  figure  in  the  commonweal  of 
English  calligraphy"  was  George  Shelley,  who  in 
17(re  published  Iiia  I^aiural  Writing,  which  he- 
dedicated  to  the  Oovemor  and  the  Directora  of 
the  Bank  of  EoglanJ;  wherein  he  tells  them 
''  that  the  greatest  mnsteis  of  his  profeasion  had 
iillowed  it  to  be  the  best  piece  of  penmanship  yet 
]iubliahed."  T!iis  wits  too  much  for  Snell  ftnd 
iithera,  who  indulged  in  satirical  comments  upon 
Shelley,  finding  great  fault  with  "  pencilled  knots 
iind  spngged  letters,"  as  not  to  be  admitted  aa 
liny  part  of  useful  penmanship.  These  reflections 
Treated  ill-blood,  and  even  open  difference  amongst 
pffveral  of  the  superiov  artista  in  writing  of  those 
times.  Other  cooteations  followed  about  SSon- 
tlard  Rttles  which  Snell  published,  pretending 
to  have  demonstrated  Uiem,  aa  BucUd  wot^,  «a 
guides  in  writing. 


36 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


L4»»»S.iy.  JuLYlO,'69. 


**  Thia  anarrel  about  standard  rules/*  says  Massej, "  ran 
80  hieh  Detween  them,  that  they  could  scarce  forbear 
scurruous  language  therein,  and  a  treatment  of  each  other 
unbecoming  gentlemen.  Both  sides  in  this  dispute  had 
their  abettors ;  and  to  say  which  had  the  most  truth  and 
reason,  non  nostrum  est  tantas  componere  iites;  perhaps 
both  parties  might  be  too  fond  of  their  own  schemes. 
They  should  have  left  their  schemes  to  people  to  choose 
which  they  liked  best.  Who  now-a-da3's  take  those 
standard  niles,  either  one  or  the  other,  for  their  guide  in 
writing  ?  " 

I  shall  be  glad  to  lend  Massey's  curious  work 
to  W.  P.,  should  he  not  meet  with  it  in  the  libra- 
ries. George  Withers. 

91,  Falkner  Street,  Liverpool. 


SNUFF. 

(4«>  S.  iii.  597.) 

The  phrase,  "  to  take  in  snuff  "  =  "  to  take  in 
dudgeon,'*  is  of  common  occurrence  in  the  seven- 
teenth century  and  earlier,  Shakespeare  quibbles 
on  the  word,  mostly  in  allusion  to  the  snuff  of  a 
candle,  which  is  a  favourite  simile  of  his.  Thus 
in  Midsummer  Nighfs  Iheam,  v.  1 : — 

•*  Theseus The  man  should  be  put  into  the  lan- 
tern .... 

**  Demetrius.  lie  dares  not  come  there  for  the  candle  : 
for  you  see  it  is  already  in  snuff." 

Again,  in  Loves  Labour'' s  Lostj  v.  2  — 

"  Rosaline.  We  need  more  light  to  find  your  meaning 

out. 
**Katherine.  You'll    mar  the  light,  by  taking  it   in 

snuff." 

Agam,  in  AU's  Well  that  Ends  Well,  i.  2— 

"....*  Let  me  not  live,'  quoth  he, 
<  After  my  flame  lacks  oil,  to  be  the  snuff 
Of  younger  spirits.' " 

In  this  last  passage  the  allusion  seems  partially 
to  the  malodour  of  the  dying  wick. 

In  the  next  quotation  at  all  events  the  quibble 
is  directly  with  the  nose  (Henri/ IV.  Part  I,  i.  3) — 

<*  And  'twixt  his  finger  and  his  thumb  he  held 
A  pouncet-box,  which  ever  and  anon 
He  gave  his  nose,  and  took't  away  again ; 
Who,  therewith  angrj',  when  it  next  came  there, 
Took  it  in  snuff." 

In  the   notes  to  this  passage  (Variorum  Shalce- 

ftpeare)  a  quotation  is  given  from  The  Fleire,  a 

comedy  by  E.  Sharpham,  1610  — 

"  Nay,  be  not  angry ;  I  do  not  toucli  thy  nose,  to  the 
end  it  should  take  anj-  thing  in  snuff." 

In  The  City  Niyht-Cap,  1624  (Dodsley's  Old 

PlaySj  xi.  319),  we  have  an  enlargement  of  the 

phrase  — 

**  Cloicn.  Now  to  our  mask's  name :    but  first  be  it 
known-a 
When  1  name  a  city,  I  only  mean  Verona. 
These  two  lines  are  extempore,  I  protest  Sir ;  I  brought 
them  in,  because  here  are  some  of  other  cities  in  the  room 
that  might  snuff  pepper  else  " ; 

and  in  a  note,  quoted  from  Tarlton's  Newea  ofd  of 


Purgatory,  "  tooke  straight  pepper  in  the  nose  "  « 
"  took  sudden  offence." 

In  Decker's  Satiro-Mastix,  1602  (Hawkins's 
English  Drama,  iii.  110),  one  might  almost  claim 
a  reference  to  the  snuff  of  tobacco;  but  the  passage 
is  somewhat  obscure ; — 

"  Asinius Demetrius  Fannius,  will  you  take  a 

whiff  this  morning  ?  I  have  tickling  gear  now  ;  here*8 
that  will  play  with  your  nose,  and  a  pipe  of  my  own 
scouring  too.' 

"  Demetrius.  Ay,  and  a  hogshead  too  of  your  own ;  but 
that  will  never  be  scour'd  clean,  I  fear. 

"  Jsinius.  1  burn'd  my  pipe  yesternight,  and  'twas 
never  us'd  since:  if  you  will,  'tis  at  your  service,  gallants, 
and  tobacco  too ;  'tis  right  pudding,  I  can  tell  you :  a 
lady  or  two  took  a  pipe  f\i\l  or  two  at  my  hands,  and 
praised  it  for  the  heavens : — Shall  I  fill,  Fannius  ? 

"  Demetrius.  I  thank  you,  good  Asinius,  for  your  love, 
I  seldom  take  that  physick ;  'tis  enongh 
Having  so  much  fool,  to  take  him  in  snuff." 

Whatever  was  the  date  of  thp  introduction  of 
tobacco-snuff,  it  seems  clear  that  medicated  snuffs 
were  used  at  an  early  period  (see  Charles  Knight 
on  the  Henry  IV.  passage).  Doubtless  the  nose- 
powder  took  its  name  from  the  act  of  snuffing  up 
by  which  it  is  inhaled.  And  it  seems  almost  as 
certain  that  "snufF"  =  **  dudgeon  "  (e.  g.  *' in 
snuffs  and  packings  of  the  dukes,"  King  Lear,  iii. 
1),  comes  from  the  sniffing,  the  expansion  of  the 
nostrils,  which  is  a  sign  of  sudden  passion. 

The  connection  which  seemingly  exists  between 
the  snuffing  of  a  candle  and  the  blowing  of  the 
nose  is  more  puzzling.  In  Promptorium  ParvU' 
lorum  we  have — 

**  Snytyn'  a  nese  or  a  candyl.  Emungo,  mungo. 

"  Snytyngey  of  a  nose  or  candyl.  Munctura^  Cath. 
emunctura. 

"  SnytungCf  of  a  candel  (snytele,  s.sny  tinge  instrument, 
K.  P.)  Munctorium,  emunctorium.  Cath. 

"  Snuffe  of  a  candel,  s.  Muco.** 

Can  the  connection  arise  from  the  like  action 
of  finger  with  thumb  in  both  cases,  before  snuffers 
and  pocket-handkerchiefs  were  invented  ? 

But  not  only  in  Teutonic  languages  do  we  find 
this  connection.  The  Latin  emtmgo  has  the  double 
meaning,  and  so  the  French  moucher,  &c. 

Another  slang  phrase, "  up  to  snuff,'*  is  curiously 
suggestive  of  Horace's  "homo  emvmctix)  naris, 
and  of  the  uses  of  7iasiis  and  nastttus.  (Apropos, 
quoth  Holofemes,  in  Lovers  Lahour^s  Lost, ''.... 
and  wh^  indeed,  Naso ;  but  for  smelling  out  the 
odoriferous  flowers  of  the  fancy,  the  jerks  of  in- 
vention?") Has  "snuff"  in  this  case  anything 
to  do  with  the  A.-S.  snytro,  moier,  and  Mceso- 
Gothic  snulro  '*  ?  John  Addis,  ^I.A. 


This  saying  is  common  enough,  but  has  no  con- 
nection with  "  powdered  tobacco."  Taken  as 
=  "to  turn  up  the  nose,"  it  is  of  very  ancient 
date,  and  is  thus,  as  to  its  meanings,  glossed  by 
Quintilian  (lib.  ii.  cap.  3),  '^  Naiibus  quidem  do- 


4*kS.IV.  JULT10,'6J).] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


37 


Tiaus,    contemptus,    fastldiuni    significarl   solef 
£Teii  in  Theocritus  it  occurs,  Idt/l,  i.  18  — 

Km  ol  aci  dpififia  xoA&  norl  {tivl  Kd^tirai, 

In  Persius  {SeU,  i.  118)  we  find  — 

•*  Callidas  excosso  popuium  suspendere  naso." 

In  Horace  {Sat,  i.  vi.  5) — 

**  Ut  plerique  solent,  naso  suspeaills  aduuco 
Ignotos.'' 

In  Martial  {Fp,  lib.  xiii.  2)— 

*'Xasatii3  sis  usque  licfet,  sis  denique  uasus." 

In  our  version  of  the  Prophet  Mnlacbi  we  have 
(chap.  i.  13) — 

''Ye  have  s^d  also,  Behold  what  a  weariness  is  it! 
And  ye  have  snuffed  at  it,  saith  the  Lord  of  Uosts." 

The  act  of  drawing  up  the  nostrils  in  sniffing 
or  snuffing^  as  expressive  of  disgust,  contempt, 
acorn,  or  ridicule,  naturally  produces  wrinkles  on 
the  nose ;  and  this,  no  doubt,  from  being  so  com- 
mon a  way  of  exhibiting  these  feelings,  first  sug- 
gested the  idea  and  gained  for  it  such  acceptance, 
that  even  by  Plautus  it  is  spoken  of  as  **  vetus- 
tum  adagium."  Ldmund  Tew,  M.A. 


WEATHER  PROGNOSTICATIONS. 
(4«»  S.  iii.  580.) 

In  a  recent  number  of  "  N.  k  Q."  I  find  the 
following : — "  Last  January  was  unusually  warm, 
when  an  old  villager  said,  *  Ah  I  a  warm  Jaimary, 
a  cold  May.'  This  was  verified.  Is  it  a  common 
aaying?  " 

In  answer  to  Upthorpe,  I  am  in  position  to 
say  that  this  axiom  is  not  a  *'  common  saying,"  or 
weather  proverb  that  I  have  yet  met  with,  al- 
though for  many  yeai-s  eagerly  investigating  this 
branch  of  folk-lore,  and  generally  finding  it  more 
or  leas  based  on  facts  established  by  science. 

From  the  investigation  of  meteorological  regis- 
ters, there  appears  to  be  no  connection  whatever 
between  the  weather  of  January  and  May.  In 
general  the  first  fortnight  of  May,  like  the  first 
fortnight  of  November,  is  characterised  by  the 
prevalence  of  polar  or  cold  winds,  respecting  the 
cause  of  which  it  would  be  out  of  place  here  to 
enlarge;  but,  aa  a  record  of  fact,  I  state  what 
follows.  Luke  Howard,  the  father  of  British 
meteorology,  gives  the  mean  temperature  of 
January  as  about  3634°,  and  that  of  May  of  65-40°. 
More  modem  meteorologists  difl*er  slightly  in  the 
estimate,  but  this  happens  to  be  beside  the  ques- 
tion, namely,  the  opposition  between  the  tem- 
perature of  January  and  that  of  May,  In  his 
Oimaie  of  London — a  treasury  of  meteorological 
knowledge — Luke  Howard  states  that  in  a  period 
of  ten  years  January  was  warmest  in  1 812.  Now, 
according  to  his  Meteorological  Tables,  the  May 
following  this  January  was  warm  or  genial,  al- 
iboDgh  zainy,  the  mean  temperature  being  slightly 


above  the  average  (55*46°).  The  January  of 
1814,  on  the  contrary,  was  the  coldest  of  a  period 
of  ten  years,  and  the  temperature  of  the  following 
May  was  also  coldest,  being  51*39°.  ConsequenHy^ 
this  weather  proverb  is  not  supported  by  facts, 
and  cannot,  I  think,  be  admitted  among  the 
many  venerable  axioms  handed  down  to  us  from 
the  times  of  Aratus,  and  long  before  him,  per- 
haps more  useful  than  all  our  scientific  know- 
ledge, in  the  prognostication  of  seasons  and  daily 
weather.  For,  indeed,  it  is  pitiful  that,  after  the 
lapse  of  so  many  thousand  years,  astronomers  and 
meteorologists  are  still  unable,  with  all  their  pro- 
digious knowledge  of  cosmical  cause  and  effect,  to 
predict  the  weather,  not  only  from  season  to 
season,  but  even  from  day  to  day. 

The  temperature  of  last  May  was  more  remark- 
able for  its  frequent  alternations  than  its  low  de- 
gree— the  plus  and  minus  of  average  following 
each  other  throughout  the  month,  thus  giving  the 
impression  of  absolute  coldness  above  the  average, 
greater  than  turns  out  to  have  been  the  fact. 
There  were  eleven  days  of  temperature  above  the 
average,  and  twenty  days  below  the  average ;  but 
as  a  general  result,  the  mean  temperature  of  the 
month  was  only  2*5°  below  the  average.  There 
was  also  the  invariable  refrigeration  universally 
remarked  in  May  about  the  13th  of  the  month,  in 
accordance  with  a  popular  weather  proverb. 
Among  these  popular  aaages  consecrating  certain 
dates  of  the  year  to  particular  weather,  there  are 
the  Saints  de  Glace  ('•  icy  saints  ")  :  — 

*' Saint  Mamert,  Saint  Pancrace 
Et  Saint  Servais — 
Sans  froid  ces  saints  de  glace 
Xe  vont  jamais." 

Such  is  the  agricultural  proverb  which  an- 
nounces for  the  11th,  12th,  and  13th  of  May — 
the  anniversaries  of  these  saints — a  notable  refri- 
geration in  the  mean  temperature  at  that  period. 
This  has  been  confirmed  by  modem  meteorolo- 
gical researches,  in  connection  with  astronomical 
causes.  Professor  Erm an,  of  Berlin,  writing  to 
the  celebrated  French  astronomer  Arago,  in  1840, 
gave  the  following  opinion ; — 

"  The  two  swarms  or  currents  of  planetary  bodies 
(meteors,  shooting  stars,  &c. ),  which  the  earth  meets  on 
the  ecliptic,  respectively  about  the  10th  of  August  and 
about  the  13th  of  November,  annually  interpose  them- 
selves between  her  and  the  sun, — the  first  during  the  days 
comprised  between  the  5th  and  the  11th  of  February,  the 
second  from  the  10th  to  the  13th  of  May.  Each  of  these 
conjunctions  causes  annually,  at  these  periods,  a  very 
notable  extinction  of  the  calorific  rays  of  the  sun,  and 
thereby  lowers  the  temperature  at  all  the  points  of  the 
earth*s  surface." 

Finally,  I  may  observe  that  a  cold  and  windy 
May  has  always  been  considered  a  good  prospect 
for  the  harvest,  according  to  the  proverb : — 

"  A  cold  May  and  windy 
Makes  a  full  bam  and  findy." 


38 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4tfc  S.  IV.  July  10,  '69. 


There  are,  indeed,  very  few  of  these  weather 
adages  which  do  not  turn  out  to  be  sufficiently 
correct  for  general  guidance,  or  are  not  supported 
by  strict  meteorological  science.  A.  S. 


WILLIAM  BEWICK. 

(4»»'  S.  iii.  463,  565.) 

I  am  preparing  some  short  biographical  notes 
and  facts  relating  to  this  clever  draughtsman  and 
amiable  gentleman,  which  I  intend  to  forward  to 
J%e  Register  and  Magazine  of  Biography  for  pos- 
sible use.  The  "  Memoir  of  William  Bewick  ** 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  (ant^^  665)  is  un- 
known to  me.  S.  H.,  who  was  kind  enough  to 
take  an  interest  in  my  note  (vide  463),  is  quite 
right  in  remembering  that  The  Athenceum^  in 
announcing  the  death  of  Mr.  Bewick,  has  misstated 
that  he  was  the  son  of  Thomas  Bewick,  the  cele- 
brated wood-engraver.  The  announcement,  how- 
ever, is  interesting  enough  to  find  a  permanent 
place  in  " N.  &  Q."    It  runs  as  follows: — 

"The  obituary  of  this  week  announces  the  death,  on 
the  8th  iust.,  of  William  Bewick,  sou  of  the  famous 
draughtsman  and  engraver  on  wood,  a  pupil  of  Haydon, 
whom  many  students  remember  as  wearing  a  large* mass 
of  ringlets,  and  being  of  singularly  handsome  appearance 
in  his  way.  He  Avas  the  model  for  the  head  of  Lazarus, 
ia  the  picture  by  his  master  Ilaydon,  who  frequentl}' 
mentioned  him  in  his  Diary,  vol.  ii.  p.  34.  He  frequentl}- 
made  his  appearance  at  the  British  Institution  when  the 
cartoons  were  there.  See  Diary ,  vol.  iii.  pp.  151-152.  Mr. 
Bewick  was  seventy  years  at  the  time  of  his  dvath." — 
(Vide  The  Athenceum,  June  23, 1866 ;  p.  840.) 

My  stray  notes  will  chiefly  have  to  do  with 
Mr.  Bewick's  relations  to  Goethe  and  Sir  Walter 
Scott.  In  calling  him  here  a  clever  draughtsman, 
I  have  not  forgotten  that  William  Bewick  was  a 
painter  of  rare  talent  and  perfect  handling  of  his 
art.  A  private  communication,  for  which  I  feel 
greatly  indebted,  says  that  he  rose  so  rapidly  in 
his  profession  that  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  at  that 
time  president  of  the  Royal  Academy,  selected 
him,  in  1826,  for  the  purpose  of  sending  him  to 
Rome,  to  copy  the  frescoes  of  the  Prophets  and 
Sibyls  in  the  Sixtine  Chapel.  These  works  of 
Michael  Angelo  are,  as  wul  be  remembered,  of 
colossal  size,  and  are  especially  remarkable  for  the 
accuracy  of  their  anatomical  details.  It  was  there- 
fore necessary  for  their  copyist  to  be  a  man  of  the 
highest  skill.  They  were  all  to  be  copied  upon 
paper,  and  then  transferred  to  canvas.  Speaking 
then  of  Mr.  Bewick  as  a  draughtsman,  I  have  just 
been  thinking  of  the  most  exquisite  portraits  he 
drew,  in  chalk  or  pencil,  of  most  of  his  great  or 
celebrated  contemporaries  with  whom  he  came  in 
conUkct  in  England  and  in  Italy,  and  also  of  the 
glorious  cartoons  he  drew,  when  quite  a  young 
man,  from  the  Elgin  marbles,  and  which  attracted 
the  notice  of  Haydon  and  Sir  Benjamin  West. 


His  portraits  comprise  some  of  the  most  interest- 
ing physiognomies  of  our  time— Sir  Walter  Scott, 
Haydon,  ''  Reine  Hortense,"  Ugo  Foscolo,  Louis 
Napoleon  (as  a  young  man  at  Rome\  Lady 
Morgan,  Hazlitt,  &c.,  &c.  They  would,  like  the 
collection  of  portraits  of  the  renowned  German 
painter  Carl  Vogel  von  Vo^elstein  (born  1788, 
died  1867\  scarcely  find  their  equal  if  both  were 
multipliea  by  the  burin,  if  we  except  the  collec- 
tion of  the  Florentine  Gallery  and  A.  Van  Dyck's 
"Icones  virorum  doctorum,  pictorum,"  &c.  I 
borrow  this  remark  from  Dr.  Nagler's  excellent 
Monogrammisten  (vol.  ii.  1860,  p.  293,  art  764), 
with  regard  to  Vogel  von  Vogelstein*s  collection 
of  the  portraits  of  artists  drawn  from  life  by  Vogel 
himself,  or  by  several  of  his  most  celebrated  con- 
temporary confrh-es  of  the  brush  and  pencil. 

Hermank  ILindt. 
Germany.  

NEWARK  PEERAGE. 

(4»»»  S.  iii.  575.) 

There  are  several  important  errors  in  the  note  by 
by  Dr.  Rogers  on  this  dormant  peerage.  The  ori- 
ginal patent  to  General  Leslie  (dated,  by  the  way, 
on  August  31, 1661,  not  1660,)  was  limited  to  lieirs 
male  of  the  patentee's  body.  And  the  alleged  re- 
grant,  or  novo  damtiSf  whereby,  as  the  Doctor  says, 
**the  title  became  inheritable  by  heirs  male  or 
female,"  was,  according  to  Mr.  Riddell  {Peerage 
Law,  p.  779)  — 

"  apparently  a  fabrication,  and  found  to  be  untenable, 
labouring  under  remarkable  flaws  and  objections ;  among 
others,  its  date  on  a  Sunday,"  Sec. 

While,  so  far  from  the  House  of  Lords  finding 
this  same  novo  damus  "  a  perfectly  valid  instru- 
ment," as  alleged  by  the  Doctor,  the  Lords' journals 
of  date  June  0,  1793,  will  be  found  to  bear,  that 
the  claim  under  it  of  John  (not  William)  Leslie, 
or  Anstruther,  to  sit  and  vote  as  Baron  Newark 
was  rejected!  A  claim  by  an  heir  female  had 
previously  been  objected  to  in  1771.  It  would 
thus  appear  that  Dr.  Rogers  has  been  supplied 
with  erroneous  information  on  this  dignity,  pos- 
sibly from  some  family  quarter. 

A  Nemesis  seems  to  attend  these  fictitious 
regrants  of  peerages  to  heirs  general,  so  con- 
venient a  basis  for  concocting  claims  by  heirs 
female.  In  the  well-known  Stirling  case  the 
claimant,  a  Mr.  Humphreys,  produced  a  regrant 
by  Charles  L,  dated  Dec.  7,  1639,  extending  the 
succession  to  the  honours,  &c.,  to  heirs  female. 
Unluckily,  however,  the  framer  of  the  document 
had  inserted  as  a  witness  the  well-known  John 
Spottiswoode,  Archbishop  of  St.  Andrew's,  who 
had  died  shortly  before  its  date.  This  fatal  blunder 
was  discovered  by  Mr.  Riddell  when  engaged  in 
the  case  for  the  crown.  No  one  should  profess  to 
write  on  Scottish  peerages  without^  at  least^  con- 


4*  S.  IV.  July  10,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


39 


snltiDg  the  works  of  this  eminent  lawyer,  which  j  Dr.  Milner  thinks  {ArcIuBohgiay  xx.  534)  that 
Dr.  Kogers  does  not  seem  to  have  done.  If  i  when  the  sexes  began  to  be  mixed  together  in  the 
he  had  looked  into  such  undoubted  authorities  :  low  mass,  about  the  twelfth  centur}',  the  embrace 
(which  are  easily  accessible),  he  would  Lave  been     was  discontinued.     The  "  osculatorium '*  is  men- 


spared  putting  forward  futile  claims  to  this  peer- 
age on  behalf  of  the  representatives  of  the  Eev. 


tioned  in  the  Confititution  of  Walter  de  Gray, 
Archbishop  ol"  York,  a.d.  1250;  and  in  those  of 


.Tobn  Chalmers  of  Kilconquhar,  or  the   ancient  |  John  de  Peccham,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  c, 


and  highly  respectable  family  of  Graham  of  Bal- 
gowan.  The  latter,  now  styled  "  of  Ktdgorton," 
are  possibly  not  aware  of  the  honours  in  store  for 
them.  Anglo-Scotus. 


Anstruther,  whom  in  the  following  account  I 
ahall  designate  as  No.  1,  was  in  India  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  last  century,  in  the  army  either  of  the 
King  or  the  East  India  Company,  and,  as  I  heard 
many  years  afterwards,  had  a  claim  for  the  above 
peerage.  Be  that  as  it  may,  his  brother.  Colonel 
Robert  Anstruther,  who  entered  the  3rd  Foot 
Goardsin  1785,  was  an  aide-de-camp  of  George  III. 
from  January  1,  1806,  aud  died  in  1808.  The 
King  is  said  to  have  regarded  him  as  one  of  the 
Newark  family. 


1280.  The  Synod  of  Exeter  (1287)  ordered  that 
each  parish  church  should  have  the  *'  asser  ad 
pacem"  (Wilkins's  Condi,  ii.  139). 

Mr.  Albert  Way  mentions  a  very  ancient  ex- 
ample in  the  Louvre.  It  is  a  tablet  of  lapis 
lazuli,  formerly  part  of  the  treasures  of  the 
royal  abbey  of  St.  Denis,  and  is  of  Greek  work- 
manship, representing  the  Saviour  on  one  side, 
with  that  of  the  B.  V.  M.  on  the  other,  wrought 
in  gold  inlaid  in  the  stone  (Archaol.  Journal,  ii. 
147).  Dr.  Rock  has  an  enamelled  morse  (c.  1800), 
which  had  been  converted  into  a  pax  by  fixing  a 
handle  to  it.  In  the  chapel  of  Richard  II.  was  a 
"  porte-pax  tout  d'or  '*  set  with  diamonds,  pearls, 
and  sapphires  (weight,  two  pounds  four  ounces). 
Archbishop  Chichele  gave  to  All  Souls*,  Oxford, 
c.  14G0,  paxes  made  of  glass,  Mr.  Way  has  a 
wooden  one  of  the  latter  part  of  the  fifteenth 


No.  I  hnd  a  son,  whom  I  shall  only  desi^'nato 
as  No.  2,  TL  L.  A.,  as  I  do  not  wish  to  take  it 

upon  me  to  identify  him  excepting  for  the  sake  of    century.      One  of  silver  parcel-gilt  may  be  seen 
his  descendants.     lie  married  twice :  bv  his  lirst  |  at  New  College,  Oxford.    It  is  of  the  period  of 
wife  he  had  a  son,  and,  through  the  intl-i-est  of  a  i  Henry  VI.,  and  was  gijen  by  the  founder, 
well-known  statesman  (many  years  dead)  with 
whom  he  was  on  terms  of  intimacy,  this  son  was 
placed  in  a  public  ofhce,  which  he  hnd  to  resign 
on  account  of  ill- health. 

No.  2  married  again :  had  sons  whom  he  sur- 
vived, and  several  daughters  who  have  left 
descendants.  He  was  too  poor  to  prosecute  his 
claim,  but  the  eldest  son  of  his  eldest  daughter  is 
the  representative  of  this  brr.nch  of  the  Anstruther 
family.  L. 

THE  KISS  OF  PEACE. 
(4»''  S.  iii.  506.) 

In  the  early  ages  of  the  Church  Christians  fol- 
lowed literally  the  injunction  of  St.  Paul,  and 
greeted  "one  another  with  an  holy  kiss."  Ter- 
tollian,  Origenes,  and  Athenagoras  (c.  1G6)  men- 
tion it;  and  Dr.  Milner  cites  the  Apostolicrfl 
Constitutions  to  show  the  manner  in  which  the 
ceremony  was  performed  :  — 

**  Let  the  Bishop  salute  the  Churcli  and  say,  *  The 
peace  of  Gwl  be  witli  you  all  * ;  and  let  the  pcople'answer, 
•And  with  Thy  spirit.'  Then  let  tlie  Deacon  say  to  all, 
'  Salate  one  another  with  z  holy  kiss ' :  and  let  the  clerfry 
kiss  the  Bishop,  and  the  layiuen  the  laymen,  and  the 
women  the  women." 

This  fraternal  embrace  was  probably  discon- 
tinued about  the  twelfth  century,  and  the  paa; 
6o0Calatorium,  porte-paix,  or  pax-brede)  intro- 
dnoed,  though  some  would  place  its  introduction 
«•  early  as  the  ordinance  of  Pope  Leo  II.  c,  670. 


Chaucer,  in  his  "  Persones  Tale,"  tells  of  a 
proud  person  who  "  awaiteth  to  go  above  him 
m  the  way,  or  kisse  the  Pax,  or  ben  incensed,  or 
gon  to  offring  before  his  nei<:hbour,  &  swiche 
semblable  thinges."  The  use  of  the  pax  was  pre- 
scribed by  the  royal  commissioners  of  Edward  VI. 
The  Injunctions  published  at  Doncaster,  a.d.  1548, 
ordain  that  — 

"  The  Clarke  shall  bring  down  the  Paxe,  and  standing 
without  tl»e  church-door,  shall  say  loudlv  to  the  people 
these  words — *This  is  a  token  of  joyful  peace  which  i8 
betwixt  God  and  men's  conscience  ;  Christ  alone  is  the 
l>cacc- maker,  which  straitly  commands  peace  between 
brother  and  brother.  And  so  long  as  ye  use  these  cere- 
monies, so  lon^  shall  ye  use  these  signitications.'  " 

John  Pigoot,  Jim.,  F.S.A. 

Ultlng,  Maldon. 


The  earliest  record  of  the  use  of  the  pax  in  this 
country  that  I  remember  to  have  seen  is  con- 
tained in  the  statute  of  Walter  Gray,  Archbishop 
of  York  (1216-12oo),  entitled  Ue  Ornamentts 
Ecclesicp.,  wherein  it  is  ordered  that  the  inhabi- 
tants of  each  parish  should  provide,  among  other 
things  needful  for  divine  worship,  an  '*  osculato- 
rium."  A  similar  statute  was  promulgated  by 
Kobert  Wiuchelsey,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
(1293-1313),  in  which  this  object  is  mentioned 
under  the  name  of  ^'osculare.'*  (See  Cotton  MS. 
D  iii.  191.)  Though  Archbishop  Gray's  ordei 
may  well  be  the  first  document  in  which  its  use 
was  enjoined  by  authority,  it  is  probable  that  the 


40 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[Ittg.iv,  Jolt  10, '69. 


pax  had  suparaeded  the  primitive  form  of  the  kiss    „'^ 

of  peace  for  many  rears.  | 

The  pax  was  forbiddea  at  the  Reformation.  It  i 
waa  not  retained,  as  far  ns  I  am  bwbtb,  by  the 
English  Catholics  1  probably,  becausa  on  account  i 
of  the  persecution  under  which  they  suffered,  it 
^ras  necessary  to  dispense  with  ail  the  accessories 
of  ritual  which  nere  not  of  absolute  necessity. 
Edward  Pbacock. 


The  primiUTe  mode  of  giving  the  kiss  of  peace 
waa  observed  as  late  as  the  thirteenth  century,  as  it 
ia  mentioned  by  Durandus  (lib.  iv.  cnp,  63),  It  was 
continued  indeed  by  the  Dominicans  down  to  the 
aixteenth  century,  as  also  in  some  cbuTches  of 
the  Roman  use ;  but  it  appears  from  the  synod  of 
Exeter  in  1287,  that  the  instrument  called  the 
jHU'  had  been  in  use  before  that  time.  The  use 
of  this  is  still  observed  in  low  masses  said  in  pre- 
sence of  a  bishop,  as  prescribed  by  the  Cisreiito- 
niaU  EpiKOporum :  — 

is  planis,  qux  coram  Episcopo  dicnnti 


"  Isaac  Doiislaua  was  a  friend  of  Sir  Henry  Mildmav, 
and  the  first  Lord  Brooke.  Through  the  iatlueacB  of  tha 
latter  be  was  appoToted  to  read  a  hbtorical  lecture  in 
Cambridge!    but  wa»  soon  silenced  on  acconat  of  hU 


beri  lolet  instmnientuin  pacis." 


pus  OBCl 

The  ii 

euch'asjja.r,  ower  adpacem,  tabula pacii,  tmirmor, 
iapupacii,  and  otculatorium.  Oneof  theseinstrU' 
ments  in  my  possession,  an  old  English  one  of 
brass,  has  the  crucifixion  with  the  B.  Virgin  and 
St,  John  in  bold  relief,  and  on  a  plate  behind  are 
engraved  the  instrumenta  of  our  Saviour's  passion, 
above  which  is  the  firmament  with  sun,  moon, 
and  stars.  This  venerable  old  pax  was  kissed  by 
the  late  Cardinal  Wiseman  at  a  moss  said  before 
him  on  a  particular  occasion.  F.  C.  H. 


Mr.  Bedo  will  find  some  information  on  the 
subject  of  his  inquiry  in  an  interesting  ardcle  by 
Mr.  Albert  Way.  "  On  the  Ancient  Oruamenta, 
Vestments,  and  Appliances  of  Sacred  Use,"  pub- 
lished in  t)vei  ArchesologicalJaumal{\%i5,\i..  144.) 
Although  Mr.  Way  does  not  show  the  precise 
date  when  the  use  of  the  instrument  calted  the 
pax,  "  tabula  pftcis,"  "  osculatorium,"  or  "  porte- 
paix "  was  suDsUtuted  for  the  more  primitive 
method  of  giving  tlie  holy  salute. 

JOBK  MaCLEjIN. 

Hammersmith. 


iDciples.  UiB  great  know- 
QminBtiOTI  to  the  office  ot 
For  the  ume  reason  h« 
jne  of  the  Judfrea  of  tha 
tiimself  eapeciallv  hnteM 
listing  to  prepare  the  charge  of 
CbarTea  I,     In  the  beginning;  of 
,  1C49,  he  sailed  for  HotUnd  as  Envov  from  the  Eog- 
Parliamont  to  the  Hague ;  ha  had  only  spent  a  vei7 


ledge  of  Civil  Law  causi 
Judge  Advocate  of  the  . 
was  shortly  iflemards 
Court  of  Admiralty.  Hi 
to  the  Royalists  by  ass' 
High  Treaaoi    -      •     ■  ■ 


tba  Witte  Znaar 
the  passage,  aud 


a   12th.  < 


'£.? 


Swan) 


ise,  bit 


taking  hii  supper  at 

'—    —IB  five  or  six 

the  lights  in 


ISAAC  DORISLAUS. 
(4'»  8.  iu.  287,  491, 685,) 


^_.._    . ven  other  guests,  was  sitting.    Two 

of  the  conspirators  immediately  made  a  murderous  attack 
on  a  Dutch  gentleman  named  Griip  van  ValkenBlayn, 
supposing  bim  to  be  the  English  Envoy.  Finding  out 
their  mistake,  however,  they  set  upon  DotlsUus,  and 
slew  him  with  many  wounds,  exclaiming  as  they  did  tha 
deed, '  Thus  dies  one  of  the  King's  Judges.'  The  leader 
--■  Mb  mnir  wa.i  HoL  Walter  Whilfotd,  son  of 

a  Scotland.  He 
'  (Wood) 
lent  gave 

their  falthfkil  servant  a  magaificent  funeral  in  Westmin- 
ster Abbey,  June  14,  1649;  but  after  the  Restoration, 
those  iu  power  disturbed  the  body.  His  dust  now  rests 
with  that  of  Admiral  Blake,  and  others  such  as  he,  in 
B  pit  in  St.  Margaret's  churchyard."  —  John  Lodeit 
Gollpried's  Kroiyci,  iv.  454 )  Van  der  Ao,  Siagraphiidi 
Woordaiboti,  in  voc  p.  21. 

Your  correspondent  quotes  some  unnamed  au- 
thor, whose  evidence  he  rightly  suspects,  to  the 
effect  that  Uorislaus  left  the  service  of  the  ICinjf 
for  that  of  the  Parliament.  Mr.  Wilkins,  in  liis 
Political  Ballads,  asserts  this  more  strongly.  Ac- 
cording to  him,  Dorislaus  "  became  Judge  Advo- 
cate in  the  King's  army,  but  deserted  Charles,  and 
assisted  in  drawing  up  the  charges  against  him" 
(i.  90).  Tiiis  is  altogether  a  mistake,  founded  on 
a  passage  in  Wood's  Athencs  Oxoniennes,  which 
these  writers  have  misunderstood.  Wood  was  an 
out-and-out  partisan  of  the  Royal  party.  Had 
there  been  any  slain  of  desertion  on  Dorislana'a 
character,  he  would  not  have  failed  to  inform  us. 
What   he   does   say,   bears   quite   another   com- 


Itisi 


4*8.  IV.  JcL,YlO,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


41 


tins  army  against  the  King  under  Robert  Earl  of  Essex, 
ifterwafdii  under  Sir  Thos.  Fairfax,  and,  at  length,  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Admiralty,  and  assistant  in 
drawing  up  and  managing  the  charge  against  K.  C.  1." — 
Sub  rrxr.  "  L'Isle,  John." 

There  was  clearly  nothing  of  desertion  in  this, 
AVoody  living  near  the  time  and  having  the 
chronology  of  the  period  clearly  in  his  mind,  knew 
very  well.'  In  the  expedition  against  Scotland, 
Isaac  Borislaus  was  Judge  Advocate.*  This 
war— the  bishops*  war,  men  nicknamed  it — was 
very  unpopular  with  the  Protestant  party  in 
England.  The  gentry  of  all  classes — Churchmen, 
Puritans,  and  Papists — gave  unhesitating  support 
to  the  King ;  though  the  soldiers  on  several  occa- 
flions  showed  their  sympathy  with  I'rotcstantism, 
ind  their  hatred  of  what  they  considered  papis- 
tical imiovations,  in  a  very  rough  manner.t 

Some  of  the  leading  Puritan  gentry  of  England 
were  in  arms  for  the  King  in  this  expedition : 
nrobably  through  the  iniluence  of  these  the 
teamed  Dutchman  got  his  appointment.  When 
the  campaign  was  over,  the  forces  were  disbanded. 
Two  years  afterwards,  t.  e,  1(542,  the  war  between 
Charles  and  the  English  Parliament  began.  Two 
new  armies  were  raised;  one  by  the  King,  the 
other  by  the  Parliament.  This  latter  force  natu- 
nlW  absorbed  such  Puritan  elements  as  had  been 
held  in  suspension  in  the  disbanded  army.  The 
£arl  of  Essex  was  its  commander,  and  Dorislaus 
filled  the  post  of  Advocate.  There  is  not  the 
slightest  groundwork  for  a  charge  of  desertion  in 
ihia.  The  Earl  of  Northumberland,  Lord  Fairfax, 
and  many  other  of  the  noblest  and  best  of 
puritan  England,  served  the  King  in  the  helium 
f/nscopale. 

The  Thurloe  Papers,  in  the  Bodleian  Library, 
contain  some  letters  from  a  person  named  Isaac 
Dorislaus,  written  after  the  death  of  the  Envoy. 
He  was  probably  a  son,  or  nephew,  of  the  mur- 
dered man.  That  he  had  a  son  is  certain ;  for  on 
May  14, 1640,  the  House  of  Commons  resolved  to 
setUe  two  hundred  pounds  per  annum  upon  him 
for  Ufe.} 

Edwabd  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  firigg. 


JomUTALS  OF  THE  LATE  Mb.  HtTWTER  (4"»  S.  iv. 

10.)— Your  correspondent  J.  H.  (from  Sheffield  P) 
says  tliat  my  omission  of  any  memoir  of  the 
anthor  of  the  History  of  Hailamskire  from  the 
npubhcation  of  the  work  which  I  have  recently 

*  That  is.  Wood  aaprs  he  was,  and  there  can  be  no 
rauonablc  objectioa  raised  against  his  tetimonv.  I  may 
renuuk,  however,  that  I  have  not  teen  any  n^her  notice 
of  Dorislaus  having  held  this  anpointmenl  Jta  •'o^nxr 
Mtinst  Scotland,  i  cannot  flna  anvthSno  ^^ 
BnJiworth,  thongh  St  veiy  weU  mi^  M 

f  YkaT's  Jektma  Jinkf  90. 

X  CbM.  Jourmtt,  ft  SO0. 


edited  "has  produced  both  surprise  and  regret, 
however  it  may  be  accounted  for.^'  This  is  news  to 
me ;  for,  except  by  one  friend  who  assisted  me  in 
I  the  work,  such  an  addition  to  HaUainshire  was 
j  never  suggested  to  me,  and  no  one  has  complained 
'  to  me  that  the  volume  was  imperfect  witnout  a 
life  of  its  author.     I  myself  thought  of  append- 
:  ing  a  short  memoir,  but  I  could  not  find  suMcient 
i  materials.    There  is  a  brief  one  written,  I  believe, 
;  by  a  relative,  but  it  contains  simply  what  would 
j  interest  private  friends.     I  asked  a  near  relation 
,  of  Mr.  Uunter  to  supply  me  with  some  biogra- 
phical account  of  his  uncle,  but  I  never  received 
I  it,  and  have  no  doubt  that  the  incidents  of  the 
venerable  student's  life  were  found  too  few  and 
simple  to  gain  public  interest.     Some  private 
letters,  vmtten  in   Mr.  Hunter's  early  married 
life,  were   sent  to  me  for  perusal,  and   I  liked 
them ',  but  his  reputation  as  a  scholar  and  topogra- 
pher would  not  have  been  enhanced  by  tneir 
publication,  replete  as  they  were  with  intelligence 
and  good  feelmg.     My  own  impression  is,  that 
any  memoir  of  Mr.  Hunter  would  have  to  depend 
upon  purely   domestic    affairs  for  its    principal 
attraction,  nis  life  having  been  spent,  so  far  as  I 
know,  at  Sheffield,  Bath,  and  London  in  a  uni- 
form pursuit  of  that  special  knowledge  for  which 
he  justly  earned   the   highest  reputation.    The 
domestic  life  of  any  one  is,  in  mj  opinion,  sacred  f 
and  so  I  consider  that  I  have  shown  no  disrespect 
to  the  memory  of  our  local  historian  in  not  at- 
tempting to  botanise  on  his  grave. 

Alfbed  Gatty,  D.D, 

Another  "  Blue  Boy  "  by  Gainsbobouoh 
(4»»»  S.  iii.  576 ;  iv.  2.3.)—With  i-efeience  to  the 
communication  relative  to  the  "  Blue  Boy "  by 
Gainsborough,  I  beg  to  say  I  possess  a  '*  Blue 
Boy  "  by  him  also.  It  is  a  picture  of  my  father- 
in-law,  painted  probably  about  1770,  when  he 
was  a  boy  of  seven  or  eight  or  thereabouts.  He 
is  represented  in  a  surtout,  long  waistcoat,  and 
breeches,  all  blue,  with  collar,  lace  frill  and  ruffies, 
and  white  silk  stockings,  shoes,  and  buckles ;  the 
scene  being  a  garden  witn  distant  landscape.  The 
**  Blue  Boy"  is  represented  plucking  a  flower  with 
his  right  hand,  and  holding  one  in  his  left,  several 
lyings  gathered,  in  his  hat  on  the  ground  beside 
him.  The  picture,  which  has  no  name  or  date 
upon  it,  is  about  4  ft.  3  in.  by  3  ft.  4  in.  Though 
in  a  room  with  portraits  by  Lely,  Eaebum,  and 
others,  it  is  the  most  striking,  as  well  as  the  most 
generally  admired.  I  regret  I  cannot  give  any 
information  about  the  picture  of  the  "  Blue  Boy, 
Master  Buttall,  about  which  your  correspondent 
writes.  W.  RiDDELL  Carre. 

Cavers  Carre. 

I      .8  AND  Bell-bingino   (4'*»  S.  iii. 

^       acquunted  with  the  late  Mr. 

vo  before  me  his  report  about  the 


42 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*»»  S.  IV.  Jolt  10,  •69. 


model  ring  of  eight  bells  at  Mr.  Jackson's  in  Shoe 
Lane,  then  for  sale  at  30/.  The  weight  of  the 
tenor  was  G7  lbs.,  the  diameter  being  14  inches; 
the  size  of  the  treble  was  7^  inches.  The  peal 
boards  which  were  with  tliem  must  have  been 
records  of  peals  rung  with  tower  bells,  which 
these  little  ones  never  could  have  been,  neither 
would  it  be  possible  to  handle  them  with  the  ropes 
like  full-sized  bells.  Changes  with  small  bells 
must  be  produced  with  hand-bells.  The  peal- 
book  of  the  College  Youths  would  probably  liave 
a  record  of  the  performance,  fl.  T.  Ellacombe, 
Cljst  St.  George. 

It  may,  I  think,  safely  bo  said  that  tlio  .'mall 
bells  mentioned  by  the  late  Mr.  IC.  J.  O^born 
^  were  never  placed  in  any  church  tower.  Certain 
it  is  that  they  could  not  possibly  have  been  rimg 
in  the  usual  manner  by  any  change  ringers. 
They  are  not  even  alluded  to  in  the  peal- book 
of  the  College  Youths.  Tno3iAS  Walesby. 

Golden  Square. 

Isabel  Scrope  (4»«»  S.  iii.  104,  184,  599.)— 
My  best  thanks  are  due  to  S.  S.  for  setting  this 
question  at  rest,  though  it  shatters  into  fragments 
my  little  Strabolgi-Percy  hypothesis.  But  I  can- 
not agree  with  him  that  the  discussion  of  Isabel's 
relationship  to  Henry  IV.  involves  "an  immense 
deal  of  unnecessary  trouble/*  or  that  "she  is 
doubtlessly  so  styled  as  the  widow  of  an  English 
nobleman  of  high  rank."  This  method  of  address 
certainly  exists  now,  but  it  did  not  then.  It  is 
said  to  have  taken  its  rise  from  the  fact  of  the 
blood  relationship  of  Henry  to  so  many  noble 
families,  that  "  the  king's  cousin  "  became  almost 
svnonymous  with  a  title.  It  still  appears  to  me 
that  the  distinct  pointing  out  of  the  king — not 
"consanguinea  Domini  Regis"  merely,  but "  Regis 
Ilenrici  Quarti"  in  particular,  as  if  to  indicate 
that  her  relationship  was  to  this  king  only — im- 
plies a  connection  by  blood.  Who  were  the  wife 
and  mother  of  Sir  Maurice  Russell  ? 

One  of  my  questions  concerning  Isabel  Scrope 
atill  remains  unanswered.  If  she  died  in  1437, 
why  did  her  crown  pension  cease  seventeen  years 
before  her  death  ?  It  evidently  was  not  on  ac- 
count of  a  subsequent  marriage,  if  her  last  matri- 
monial alliance  took  place  in  14C6. 

Hermentbude. 

Hermentrtjde  questions  ray  doubting  that  the 
Earl  of  Wiltshire  was  a  son  of  a  Scroope  of  Up- 
salL  My  authority  for  the  doubt  is  tne  recent 
assertion  before  the  House  of  Lords  by  Mr. 
Simon  Scroope,  of  Danby,  to  obtain  the  earldom 
of  Wiltshire,  where  he  claims  as  a  descendant 
from  the  Scroopes  of  Bolton;  and  if  Hermen- 
trtjde will  turn  to  Sir  B.  Burke's  (1866)  edition 
of  the  Dormant  Peerages^  she  will  find  Ulster  en- 
dorses this  statement  of  Mr.  Scroope,  although  in 


Sir  Bernard's  previous  edition  he  makes  this  same 
Earl  of  Wilts  descended  from  the  Lords  Scroopes 
of  Cpsall,  I  am  anxious  for  purely  local  history 
reasons  to  obtain  a  good  lineage  of  these  Scroopes 
of  Upsall. 

Sir  Bernard  Burke  makes  Harriet  only  child  of 
C.  B.  Massingberd,  and  widow  of  C.  G.  Munday, 
heir-general  to  the  title  of  Scroope  of  Upsalli 
through  the  heiresses  of  Dobson,  Tancred,  Army- 
tage,  and  Danby.  The  newspapers  of  last  month 
informed  us  that  Mr.  Simon  Scroope  had  cleariy 
proved  his  descent  from  the  Scroopes  of  Bolton. 
If  the  Earl  of  Wiltshire  is  of  the  Upsall  branch, 
it  is  clear  Mr.  Simon  Scroope  has  no  claim  to 
that  earldom,  as  he  claims  through  the  senior 
branch  of  Bolton.  Eboracux. 

If  Hermentbude  consults  Nicolas's  ^nopsis 
of  (he  Enylish  Peerage^  she  will  find  that  William 
lo  Scrope,  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  was  a  brother  of 
Stephen,  second  Baron  Scrope  of  Masham  and 
Up;>al,  and  consequently  son  of  Henry  le  Scrope, 
first  Baron  of  Masham  and  Upsal,  who  was  first 
cousin  to  Richard,  first  Baron  Scrope  of  Bolton. 

D.  C.  K 

PoruLAR  Names  op  Plants:  Walton's  "Li- 
lies "  (4'h  s,  iii^  i>42,  ;341,  414,  409  512.)— I  fear 
I  do  not  quite  understand  Mr.  1)ixon*s  note. 
Having  studied  British  plants  for  several  years,  I 
may  perhaps  be  permitted  to  say  that  I  am 
scarcely  likely  to  '*  fall  into  errors "  as  to  their 
habitixts,  "  which  a  reference  to  any  botanical  work 
will  enable  [me]  to  avoid."  Neither  did  I  say 
that  Da  vers  mentioned  '*  lilies  *' ;  but  Walton  does 
so,  and  Mr.  Dixon^s  note  has  suggested  to  me  the 
idea  that  he  may  have  referred  to  NarcissuB 
pseudo'fiarcissui  under  that  name.  This  plant 
grows  in  meadows,  and  in  many  counties  is  called 
"  Lent  lily,"  although  not  a  member  of  the 
LUiacecp.  1  am  not  aware  that  I  have,  tested 
Davors*  (not  Davor's)  "  purple  narcissus  "  by  the 
lily ;  but  as  there  is  no  plant  answering  to  such  a 
description,  we  must  look  for  one  as  near  it  as 
possible.  My  private  impression  is  that  Davors, 
with  very  many  of  the  older  writers,  employed 
such  names  as  suited  the  purpose  without  troubling 
about  the  habitats  of  the  plants  connected  with 
them,  or  even  the  plants  themselves.  This  hypo- 
thesis would  account  for  red  hyacinths,  purple 
narcissus,  azure  culverkeys,  and  lilies  being  placed 
in  meadows. 

Bluebell  and  Harebell, — The  name  bluebell  is 
common  to  Agraphis  ntttans  (Hyacinthus  nonscrip^ 
tus)  and  Campanula  rotundifolia,  and  appears  to 
be  locally,  as  well  as  generally,  applied  to  both 
plants.  It  is  a  comjmratively  modem  name, 
neither  Gerarde  nor  Parkinson  giving  it  Hare- 
bell is  more  usually  applied  to  C  rottmdifoKa, 
and  in  some  modern  works  is  spelt  Aairbell,  in 
re  ference  to  its  slender  hair-like  stalk ;  but  this 


4*  8.  IV.  July  10,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


43 


»  BMorelj  a  recent  notion,  and  tbrows  no  light  on 
the  origin  of  the  name,  which  is  not  known. 
fliiUipe,  in  his  Flora  JUstoricay  calls  Agraphis 
—ftfwt  harebell  ''from  its  being  so  frequently  found 
in  thoee  thickets  most  frequented  by  hares!"  Dr. 
Prior  says  that  in  Scotland  the  name  is  assigned  to 
this  plant.  In  Lancashire,  about  Wigan,  the  Agra- 
fikU  18  called  ^  ring  o'  bells.''  This  name  has  an 
interesting  origin.  Those  familiar  with  mediaeval 
nicturee  vA  illuminations  will  have  noticed  David 
mqnenily  represented  with  a  number  of  bells 
hun^  one  above  another  beside  him,  which  he  is 
striking  with  a  hammer.  This  was  called  a  svm- 
phooiay  or  rin^  of  bells,  and  it  is  easy  to  see  how 
uke  the  droopmg  spike  of  the  wild  hyacinth  is  to 
a  number  of  oells  so  disposed. 

Long  Pwrples  of  Shakespeare.  —  This  plant  was 
certainly  Orchis  masctda,  to  which  '^  liberal  shep- 
herds "  still  "  ^ve  a  grosser  name." 

James  Britten. 

Pigh  Wycombe. 

BUBTINO  ON   THE    SoUTH   SiDE   OF  CHURCHES 

(4'*  S.  iii.  449.)  —  In  Mr.  Dunkin's  interest- 
ing article  on  Cornish  crosses  there  is  an  extract 
from  Erredge's  Hifstonj  of  Brighthehnstoney  which 
rives  a  reason  for  the  custom  of  burying  by  pre- 
lerence  on  the  south  side  of  churches.  The  reason 
assigned  may  be  the  real  one,  but  another  plausi- 
ble one  may  be  suggested.  In  very  early  times 
all  burial-grounds  were  held  sacred,  and  when 
one  race  was  destroyed  or  expelled  the  conquering 
tribe  continued  burying  their  dead  on  the  same 
spoL  My  late  lamented  friend,  Troyon,  the  Swiss 
archaeologist,  discovered  and  thoroughly  explored 
a  burial-ground  where  the  remains  of  three  dis- 
tinct races  were  found  superposed.  As  worship- 
pers of  the  sun,  the  early  races  naturally  buried 
their  dead  in  places  fully  exposed  to  the  rays  of 
the  beneficent  luminary — a  fact  so  familiar  to  the 
arelueologistd  of  Germany  and  Switzerland,  that 
thej  never  look  for  a  Celtic  burial-ground  or  even 
a  solitary  tumulus  on  the  northern  slope  of  a  hill. 
This  Celtic  custom  may  have  been  handed  down 
to  ns  through  twenty  centuries,  as  has  that  of 
lighting  bonfires  on  the  hill  tops  on  the  Eve  of 
St  Jolm.  That  distinguished  archaeologist  Dr.  F. 
Keller  of  Zurich  supposes  that  a  strange  pagan 
funeral  rite  was  practised  in  England  down  to  the 
time  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  In  aamlet  the  priest 
refuses  a  Christian  burial  to  Ophelia  as  a  suicide, 
and  declares  that — 

**SkardMj  flints,  and  pehbles  should  be  thrown  upon  her.** 

These  shards  (or  fragments  of  broken  pottery)  are 
almost  invariably  found  in  Celtic  barrows  through 
all  northern  and  central  Europe.  Oims. 

Riad^,Beds. 

GBnruHe  Gibbons  (4'**  S.  iii.  77.)  —  There  is 
nodcmbt  that  many  additions  may  be  made  to 
Mb.  Fteeoi's  list  of  the  works  of  this  artist^  even 


assuming  it  to  refer  only  to  those  still  existing.  I 
am  at  present  out  of  the  reach  of  books ;  but  I 
can  ada  to  the  list  the  carvings  in  the  saloon  at 
Petworth,  the  bronze  statue  of  James  II.  at 
Whitehall,  and  the  bronze  statue  of  Charles  II. 
at  Chelsea  Hospital.  Some  of  the  fine  works  at 
Chatsworth,  always  ascribed  to  Gibbons,  can  also^ 
I  think  upon  sufiicient  authority,  be  given  to 
Watson  (whom  Mr.  Piggot  mentions),  who  waa 
little  more  than  a  mechanic  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. S.  R. 
Thursley,  Godalming. 

At  the  hall  of  the  Skinners'  Company,  Dowgate 
Hill,  is  a  room  panelled  in  cedar  ana  richly  carved, 
attributed  to  this  great  artist;  and  at  the  church  of 
St.  Bartholomew,  Royal  Exchange  (pulled  down 
for  City  improvements)  was  a  carved  oak  pulpit  and 
a  reading-desk,  supposed  to  have  been  his  work. 
These  were  afterwards  set  up  in  a  temporary  church 
in  Gray's  Inn  Road,  and  at  the  sale  of  the  fittings 
thereof  in  June  1804,  were  bought  by  a  reverend 
gentleman  on  behalf  of  the  London  Diocesan  Fund, 
and  most  probably  have  been  set  up  permanently 
in  some  other  cnurch,  from  whence  I  trust  that 
they  may  never  be  removed  again.  E.  B. 

A  description  of  the  chimney-piece,  carved  in 
wood  by  Grinling  Gibbons,  which  adorns  the 
Bristol  City  Library,  will  be  found  at  p.  17  of  The 
Bridal  City  Library j  its  Founders  and  nenefactorfi. 
By  Charles  Tovey.  Bristol,  1853.  An  engraving 
of  this  fine  work  forms  the  title-page  of  the  book. 

W.  E.  A.  A. 

I  do  not  find  in  Mr.  Pigoot's  list  Studley  Royal, 
in  Yorkshire,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  de  Grey,  where 
there  is  a  room  of  Gibbons'  carving,  as  well  as  other 
pieces  of  his  work  about  the  house.         HvAoVo/iOf. 

Rushlights  (4*'»  S.  iii.  652.) — In  your  number 
for  June  12  there  is  a  paragraph  relative  to  rush- 
lights or  rush-sticks.  I  can  corroborate  the  remarks 
relative  to  the  rushes  being  prepared  by  drawing 
them,  after  being  peeled,  through  melted  fat ;  but 
I  can  also  add,  from  my  own  observation,  that 
they  are  not  yet  obsolete,  but  are  still  used  in  cot- 
tages and  small  farmhouses  in  the  southern  parts 
of  Surrey,  and,  no  doubt,  also  in  the  neighbouring 
counties.  The  iron  holder  is  somewhat  like  a  pair 
of  ladies'  curling-tongs,  with  a  lump  of  lead  on 
one  of  the  handle-ends,  as  a  weight  to  press  the 
blades  together  when  the  rush  is  fixed  between 
them.  I  have  seen  several  sorts,  in  one  of  which 
this  holder  is  fixed  to  a  long  stick  and  stand,  and 
is  placed,  when  lighted,  by  the  cottager*s  side  a» 
he  studies  his  country  paper  in  the  evening  in  the 
chimney-comer  of  his  latchen  or  keeping-room. 
In  others,  it  is  fixed  to  rudely  turned  beechwood 
candlesticks,  and  used  upon  the  supper-table. 
When  burning  down  close  to  the  holaer,  the  ex- 
pression used  for  lengthening  the  rush  is  ''  mend- 
mg  the  candle/'  and  I  was  told  by  a  fanner  that 


44 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4'h  S.  IV.  JULT  10,  •8t. 


he  considered  one  of  the  peculiar  advantages  of 
the  rush-stick  to  be,  that  on  poing  to  bed  jrou 
could  put  the  rush  at  a  certain  length,  get  into 
bed  by  its  light,  and  then  leave  it  to  go  out 
of  itself.  It  is  used  roost  during  the  summer 
months,  when  the  cottager's  bedtime  and  the  last 
rays  of  evening  light  more  nearly  coincide,  and 
the  time  is  very  short  for  which  artificial  light  is 
required.  B.  R.  W. 

Epigram  by  Dr.  Hawtret  (4"»  S.  iii.  499.) — 
In  reply  to  Mr.  Thiriold,  I  beg  to  inform  him 
that  tne  epigram  he  prints  appeared  originally  in 
The  Guardian  of  Nov.  13, 1861,  in  the  following 
form :  — 

**  Caniuariensis, 

Privatam  monitus  relinqae  chartam, 
Meamqae,  improbe,  pone  concionem. 
Qua  scripsi,  mea  sunt. 
TVameiuM.  TuAX  requiris  ? 

Frnstrii  glorier  hoc  Episcopatu 
TuAM  si  nequco  mcam  vocare."* 

W.  T.  T.  D. 

Db  Audlby  (4''»  S.  iii.  690.)  —  I  am  not  at  all 
surprised  at  W.  H.  C.*s  perplexities,  for  modern 
writers  are  sadly  at  fault  concerning  Sir  James 
Audley,  and  accuse  poor  Froissart  of  their  own 
blunders.  He  knew  perfectly  well  who  Sir  James 
was,  and  be  it  noticea  that  he  does  not  say  that 
James  Lord  Audley  died  in  1369,  but  Lord  James 
Audley — a  decidedly  different  name.  The  follow- 
ing will  help  W.  H.  C. 

James  Lord  Audley  of  Heleigh  (No.  1),  bom 
1316,  fought  at  Poitiers;  died  at  Heleigh,  April  1, 
1386 ;  buried  in  Hulton  Abbey.    Married 

I.  Joan,  eldest  daughter  of  Roger  Earl  of 
March ;  probably  married  after  1323,  died  before 
1863. 

II.  Isabel,  daughter  and  coheir  of  William  Mai- 
bank ;  married  before  April  23, 1363 ;  died  before 
1374. 

Issue — I.  (By  Joan).  1.  Nicholas  Lord  Aud- 
ley, died  s,  p,  1391,  before  November  4.  Married 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Henry  Lord  Beaumont  and 
Alice  Countess  of  Buchan  ;  married  before  April, 
1342  ;  she  died  October  27, 1400.  2.  Joan,  mar- 
ried Sir  John  Touchet  (from  whom  the  present 
family).  3.  Margaret,  married  Sir  Roger  Hil- 
lary; died  8,p,  1411.  4.  Roger,  living  November 
17,  1336. 

II.  (By  Isabel),  o.  Roland,  died  s,  p,  6. 
James,  died  1369  at  Fontenay  le  Comte ;  sene- 
schal of  Gascony.    7.  Thomas,  died  s.  p.  1409 ; 

married  Elizabeth ,  who  died  1400-1402.     8. 

Margaret,  married  Fulk  third  Lord  Fitzwarine. 

James  Lord  Audley  (No.  1) — not  Sir  James  his 
flon — had  a  brother  l?eter,  who  died  at  Beaufort 
Castle  in  or  about  1369.  Froissart  distinctly  calls 
him  the  brother  of  that  James  Audley  who  fought 

*  For  another  reading  see  7'Ae  Guardian  of  Juno  9, 


[♦  For  ai 
1869.— Ed.] 


I 


at  Poitiers ;  here  again  the  blunder  is  not  Ioob^  bat 
that  of  his  commentators. 

But  now  I  must  confess  my  own  perplezitTy 
arising  out  of  W.  H.  C.*s  Sir  James  Audley  No.S, 
whom  he  describes  as  the  second  son  of  Hnffh 
Audley,  Earl  of  Gloucester.  Did  not  Hugh  cue 
without  male  issue,  and  was  not  his  daughter 
Margaret  Lady  Stafford,  his  sole  heir  ?  I  Snow 
however,  nothing  to  prevent  a  Sir  James  Aadlv)r 
from  being  the  brother  of  Hugh  Earl  of  Gloa» 
cester,  and  second  son  of  Hugh  iirst  Lord  Au^ey 
of  his  branch. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  Mr.  Elwss  for  hisinfsN 
mation  concerning  Eleanor  Lady  Audley.  I  had 
already  come  to  the  conclusion  that  she  was  Ed- 
mund's daughter  from  further  notices  furnished  to 
me  in  private  correspondence.  I  presume  that  her 
husbaud  was  that  James  Touchet,  Lord  Audlerr, 
who  was  the  eldest  son  of  Joan  Audley  (see  aboye}, 
and  was  a  minor  on  his  father's  death  in  1409. 

HERMEliTBimi. 

To  MY  NosB  (4«»  S.  i.  463 ;  ii.  91,  119.')'— 
Among  the  poems  mentioned  on  this  subject,  the 
following  has  apparently  escaped  notice.    It  «>> 

feared  in  the  Irish  Penny  Journal  of  Nov.  28, 1840L 
do  not  know  the  author,  but,  nevertheless,  I 
think  his  production  is  worthy  of  a  comer  in 
''N.  andQ."  Lioic  F. 

"sonnet  about  a  nose. 

"  'Tis  very  odd  that  poets  should  suppose 
There  is  no  poetry  about  a  nose, 
When  plain  as  is' the  nose  upon  your  face, 
A  noseless  face  would  lack  poetic  grace. 
Noses  have  sympathy  :  a  lover  knows 
NovHes  are  always  touched  when  lips  are  kissing : 
And  who  would  care  to  kiss  where  nose  was  miasixig? 
Why,  what  would  be  the  fragrance  of  a  rose. 
And  where  would  be  our  mortal  means  of  telling 
Whether  a  vile  or  wholesome  odour  flows 
Around  us,  if  wo  owned  no  sense  of  smelling  ? 
I  know  a  nose,  a  nose  no  other  knows, 
'Xeath  starry  eyes,  o*er  ruby  lips  it  gn)ws  ; 
Beauty  is  in  its  form  and  music  in  its  blows." 

Medallic  Queries  {V^  S.  iii.  311.) — 1.  Al- 
though 1  cannot  give  P.  G.  II.  S.  the  information 
asked  for,  he  may  possess — and  if  so,  would  veiy 
much  oblige  by  describing — a  medal  ''to  ooiii'" 
memorate  the  peaceful  hero's  (Gen.  Oglethorpe) 
benevolence  and  patriotism,"  for  which  a  pnn 
was  offered  for  the  best  design  178}.  (Vide  ilfo- 
moirs  of  Gen,  Jas,  Oglethorpe,  by  Robt.  Wright; 
18G7.)  * 

'*  A  medal  was  subsequently  cast,  and  after  a  fern 
specimens  were  struck  off,  the  die  was  destroyed." — C«i- 
tienian*8  Magazine,  1785. 

2.  Any  of  your  correspondents  who  would  be 
obliging  enough  to  give  some  information  regard- 
ing the  medal  I  proceed  to  describe  would  confer 
a  favour  upon  me.    Is  it  a  Masonic  meded  ?  — 

Obv. :  "  CAROLVS  .  8ACKVILLE .  MA6ISTER  .  F  ,  1 , " 

Ilis  bust.     **  L.  KAT  TKR  .  F  .  1733."  or  1. 


IV,  July  10,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


45 


Rev. :  '*AB  .  ORioiNB."  Nude  figure  of  Secrecy ; 
Ub  left  arm  resting  upon  a  pedestal,  holding  a 
eomucopia  in  the  hand.  At  his  feet  the  emblems 
of  Masonry.  I.  N.  O.    I 

f  Li.  Salbtte  (4*"  S.  iii.  598.)  —  Besides  the  ; 
*^fwna^l  mentioned  at  the  above  reference,  C.  G.  | 
will  do  well  to  read  The  Holy  Mountain  of  La  \ 
SaleUe^  by  the  Right  Eey.  Bishop  Ullathome.  \ 
London :  Kichardson  &  Son,  1854.  Also  an  ela- 
borate work,  which  preceded  it : — 

**  A  Pflgriouige  to  La  Salette ;  or,  a  Critical  Examin- 
ation of  lOl  the  Facta  connected  with  the  alleged  Appari- 
tioo  of  the  Bleaeed  Yirgin,**  &c,  by  J.  Spencer  Northcote, 
ILA.    London  :  Bams  &  Lambert,  1852. 

F.  C.  H. 

ArsiBiiL :  Pbxjssia  (4""  S.  iii.  284.)— I  fear  that 
IB  important  correction  of  one  word  in  the  above 
lote,  aent  to  '^  N.  &  Q.''  not  long  after  the  inser- 
tion of  the  note,  has  miscarried  or  been  mislaid. 
I  have  not  a  copy  of  the  later  communication,  but 
wlial  followa  la  substantially  the  same.  Very 
ifaardy  after  I  had  written  the  note,  I  had  reason 
to  nspect  that  Rupert^  Elector  Palatine^  was  a 
denenoant  of  the  Swiss  count.  I  was  subse- 
quently enabled  to  terify  the  descent.  The  under- 
vritten  pedigree  was  furnished  by  Quatuordecim 
Tabmke  OenealogictBy  Tubingse,  mdclxxxy.  :  — 

Rodolph  of  Habsburg. 
Matilda  »  Louis,  El.  PaL 


Bodolph,  £L  Pal. «  Matilda,  da.  Adolph    Louis,  Emperor. 

of  Nassau. 


Ml 


Ado)pii«  EL  Pal.     Rodolph  IL,    Rupert,  El.  Pal.,  founder 
I  £1.  Pal.  of  Heidelberg. 

Rupert  II.,  £1.  Pal.,  »  Beatrice,  da.  Peter,  K.  of  Arragon 


MC.  node  Rupert, 
1890. 


and  Sicily.* 


\ 


Rupert  III.,  £1  Pal.  1398,  Emperor  1400-1410. 

I  onghty  therefore,  to  have  said :  "  the  empire 
of  Germany  ....  was  held  by  descendants  of  a 
rimple  Swiss,  Count  Rodolph  of  Habsburg,  with 
bat  two  exceptions."  Charles  Thibiold. 

Cambridge. 

Omitted  Rbfbrences  (4*»»  S.  iii.  593.)— While 
I  ^oite  agree  with  Mb.  Fitzhopkins  in  the  pro- 
pnety  of  always  giving  references  to  authonties 
and  soofces  of  information,  I  may  mention  that, 
some  twenty  yean  ago,  I  had  pointed  out  a  tomb 
in  the  cemetery  of  Montmartre,  which  runs  on  all 
fomB  with  the  obituary  notice  in  the  Berkshire 
CkrmUoU.    It  was  that  of  a  Parisian  tradesman 


*  Others  say  daughter  of  Stephen,  Count  Palatine  and 


who  was  killed  during  the  three  days  of  July,  or 
in  one  of  the  dmeutes  in  the  earlier  part  of  the 
reign  of  Louis  Philippe.  The  inscription  con- 
cludes with  this  announcement :  — 

"  This  tomb  was  executed  bv  his  bereaved  [or  discon- 
solate] widow  [^veuve  desoUe]^  who  still  carries  on  his  busi- 
ness at  No.  —  Rue  St.  Martin." 

Geobge  Vebe  Irving. 

YoTJKG  Pbetesdeb  (4**»  S.  iii.  532.) — ^I  have 
a  beautiful  miniature  in  a  ring,  engraved  and  in- 
laid with  enamel,  of  the  Young  Pretender  (in  the 
finest  possible  state  of  preservation),  handed  down 
in  m^  grandmother's  familv  (the  JDealtrys)  from 
the  time  he  lived.  It  is  a  charming  little  portrait. 

d.   O.  J. 

PoBTBAiT  BY  De  Wilbb  (4*"  S.  iii.  458,  638, 
G08.)— By  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  G.  J.  De  Wilde,  to 
whom  I  forwarded  a  photograph  of  this  picture,  I 
am  now  enabled  to  inform  F.  C.  H.  that  the  por^^ 
trait  is  that  of  Miss  Louisa  Dubuisson,  as  Mr.  De 
Wilde  inferred  it  was  from  my  description. 

Chables  WrLns. 

Fltnteb-mousb  (4***  S.  iii.  576.)— FZwMfer  is 
one  of  the  names  given  in  Belffium  to  the  butter- 
fly. There  is  also  a  fish  called  vlinder  (Lat.  bien-- 
7Wt8)f  probably  from  its  movements  resembling 
the  flight  of  a  bird : — 

*'  Les  blennes  vivent  sur  le  rivase  et  parmi  les  rochers^ 
oh  ellcs  sautillent  et  voltigent  meme  a  la  mani^re  des 
poissons  volants,"  etc. — Drapiez,  Diet,  des  Sciencea  Na- 
turelles. 

The  Germans  have  /Under,  Jlinter,  which  is  a 
name  g^ven  by  game-Keepers  to  the  rags  they 
hang  out  to  mghten  the  game  with,  such  ra^a 
being  continually  beaten  or  flapped  by  the  wind. 
The  common  bat  is  called  in  Flanders  vleur-muisy 
vloor-muisy  vleer-muis  (Pomey's  Diet.),  and  vleder^ 
muis  or  vledder-muis — which  are  all,  but  for  the 
difference  in  spelling,  like  brother  and  sister 
with^flitter-mouse."  Whence  I  conclude  "flinter*' 
and  '*  flitter  "  to  be  mere  synonyms. 

J.  Van  de  Vpildb. 

Skt-labk  (4**>  S.  iii.  428.) — The  quoted  lines, 
descriptive  of  the  song  of  the  sky-lark,  are  to  be 
fo^^ld  in  the  poem  of  Du  Bartas  upon  the  creation 
of  the  world,  book  v.  lines  560,  &c.  They  have 
been  thus  translated  by  Sylvester :  — 

•<  The  pretty  lark,  climbing  the  welkin  cleer, 
Chaunts  with  a  cheer,  Heer  peer  I  neer  my  deer. 
Then  stooping  thence  (seeming  her  fall  to  rew). 
Adieu  (she  saith),  adieu,  deer  deer,  adieu  I ' " 

An  earlier  French  author^  Jacques  Pelletier,  as 
quoted  in  Les  Bigarrures  du  Seigneur  des  Accords, 
1596  (p.  160),  describes  the  lark's  song  thus :  — 

"  Elle,  guind^e  d*un  z^phire. 
Sublime  en  Tair  vire  et  revire, 
£t  J  dedique  un  joly  cry. 
Qui  rit,  guerit,  et  tire  lire, 

Des  esprita  mienz  que  je  n*escry.^ 


46 


jyOTJBS  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«^8.IV.  JoLTlOjIBt, 


■^ 


Fuller,  in  his  WoHhies,  1663  (fol.  114),  saya  of 

the  Bedfordshire  lark :  — 

**  A  harmless  bird  when  living,  and  wholesome  when 
dead,  then  filling  the  stomack  with  meat  as  formerly  the 
ear  with  musick.  If  men  would  imitate  the  early  rising 
of  this  bird,  it  would  conduce  much  to  their  healthful- 


ness. 


Uneda. 
Philadelphia. 

Neether  oe  Nither  (4*^  S.  iii.  444, 517,  663.) 
I  agree  with  T.  R.  in  this  matter,  and  think 
that  the  majority  of  *^  good  readers  and  careful 
speakers"  say  ither  ana  nither.  My  impression 
is,  that  the  pronunciation  was  always  variable  till 
the  study  of  the  German  language  became  popu- 
lar on  the  Queen*s  marriage,  and  the  consequent 
introduction  of  the  German  element  about  the 
court  I  fancied  1  then  noticed,  and  have  noticed 
continuously  since,  neether  giving  way,  and  nither 
coming  into  greater  use.  1  need  not  remind  your 
leaders  that  in  German  the  pronunciation  goes 
with  the  latter  vowel,  ei  being  sounded  as  the 
long  t,  and  ie  as  ee»  W.  T.  M. 

What  do  you  think  of  the  following  settlement 
of  this  qtuestio  vexata  ?  Some  years  ago,  a  couple 
of  weavers  were  carousing  in  a  tavern  in  a  small 
village  in  Yorkshire,  yclept  Skelmanthorpe.  Both 
had  a  tolerably  high  idea  of  their  literary  attain- 
ments, and  this  very  question  cropping  up,  fierce 
was  the  dispute.  Neither  woula  yield  his  pet 
pronunciation,  and  it  was  resolved  to  refer  the 
matter  to  the  ancient  village  pedagogue — "  one  of 
the  olden  time." 

Being  nearly  midnight,  they  had  to  rouse  the 
Dominie  from  his  sweet  first  slumber,  who,  in 
no  pleasant  humour,  threw  open  his  casement  and 
demanded  their  business.  The  weightv  query 
propoimded,  he  testily  responded:  "donfound 
you  for  a  couple  of  fools,  oather  will  do ! " 

I  need  hardly  add,  "  oather "  is  Yorkshire  for 
either. 

"  Which  you  pleajse,  my  little  Dears." 

Wooden  CniiiCE  (4"'  S.  iii.  597.)  —  Wooden 

chalices  are  very  rare,  that  material  having  been 

repeatedly  forbidden  by  authority.    S.  Boniface 

says  :  *'  Once  golden  priests  used  wooden  chalices ; 

BOW,  on  the  contrary,  wooden  priests  use  golden 

chalices,"  and  they  were  probably  used  in  verv 

poor  churches  till  the  ninth  century.   The  council 

of  Rheims  in  883  forbade  wood,  and  so  did  Pope 

Leo  in  847,  and  the  council   of  Cealcythe  m 

786.     By  reason  of  the  poverty  of  the  church, 

Alfnc's  canons  in  957  allowed  wood ;  but  Edgar's, 

a  few  years  after,    960,  allowed    only    molten 

metal.   (Wilkins,  i.  227.)    The  Saxon  laws  of  the 

Northumbrian  priests  imposed  a  fine  upon  those 

who  should  hallow  housel  in  a  wooden  chalice. 

According  to  Becon,  Zephyrinus  XVI.  bishop  of 

Home  (197-217),  ordered  chalices  and  patens  to 

be  of  glass ;  before  that  period,  he  states  they 


had  been  of  wood.  In  a  will,  dated  837,  memtioii 
is  made  of  a  chalice  of  cocoa-nut,  mounted  in  gold 
and  silver.  Mr.  Walcott  says,  there  is  a  Jaco- 
bean chalice  of  wood  at  Goodrich  Court.  Is 
your  correspondent  sure  that  his  specimen  was 
mtended  for  sacramental  use  at  all  ?  What  woxds 
and  emblems  are  upon  it?  Is  ''the  Ludc  of 
Edenhall"  a  chalice?  The  tradition  is,  that  in 
ancient  times  the  butler  went  to  the  well  to  draw 
water,  and  surprised  the  furies  dancing  there. 
He  seized  this  glass,  which  was  at  the  edge  of  tbo 
well,  and  as  the  elves  left  they  cried  — 

"  If  this  glass  do  break  or  fall. 
Farewell  the  luck  of  Edenhall.** 

It  is  of  thin  glass,  and  is  enclosed  in  a  leathern 
case  with  the  letters  I.  H.  S.  at  the  bottom.  It  is 
still  preserved  at  Edenhall,  the  seat  of  the  ancient 
family  of  Musgrave,  near  Penrith,  Cumberland. 
There  is  a  good  engraving  of  it  in  The  Book  of 
Daysy  ii.  522.  John  Piooot,  Jun.,  F.SA. 

Wooden  chalices  were  forbidden  by  the  Synod 
of  Winchester,  c  xvi.,  a.d.  1071.  Archbishop 
^Ifric  prohibited  this  material  (Thorpe,  psffe 
461) ;  to  the  same  purpose  were  his  Canons,  c.  xxn. 
A.D.  957 ;  and  Lyndwood  distinctly  says,  ".  Caliz 
debet  esse  con  de  ligno  propter porositatem  "  (lib.  L, 
tit.  i.  p.  9  a).  In  early  times,  from  sheer  poyerty, 
wooden  chalices  were  in  use  (Walafrid  StntbO| 
De  Reh.  JSccl.  c.  xxiv. J.  Rodolph  of  Tongres  says 
that  St.  Boniface  being  askea  whether  it  was 
lawful  to  use  wooden  vessels,  replied,  "Of  old 
golden  priests  used  wooden  chalices,  now  priests 
of  wood  use  golden  chalices  "  (De  Canon  Ohs.  J^rop, 
xxiiij.  Pope  Zephyrinus  prohibited  their  use,  so 
did  Pope  Leo  in  847,  and  the  councils  of  Tribur 
(897),  Rheims  (883),  and  Cealcythe  (785). 

Mackenzie  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A. 

SwELTERER  {4^  S.  iii.  597.)— Br.  Hyde  Clarke's 
Dictionary  of  the  English  Langvuige  contains  as 
follows,  marked  as  of  Saxon  origin : — "  Swelter,  it. 
sweltering ;  Swelt  v.  bum  or  suffer  with  heat,  mn 
with  sweat,  overpower  with  heat."  G, 

Edinburgh. 

Biblical  Heraldry  (4"»  S.  iii.  613.) — ^Theie 
is  an  account  of  the  Judenstadt  on  the  margin 
of  the  Moldau,  in  Bohemia,  probably  the  oldest 
Hebrew  settlement  in  Europe,  in  a  little  work, 
Eight  Weeks  in  Germany  by  a  Pedestrian  (Frank- 
fort :  C.  Jugel,  1843).  Of  the  old  cemetery  the 
author  says :  — 

*'  It  is  a  hundred  years  since  the  last  Jew  was  interred 
in  this  cemetery.  Graves  trodden  partially  down,  pointed 
gravestones  that  are  sloping  and  falling  in  every  dine- 
tion,  monumental  slabs  of  rough  sandstone  so  covered 
with  Hebrew  characters  deeply  cut  in.  There  are,  too^ 
devices  engraved  on  the  stones  which  mark  the  condition 
of  those  who  now  sleep  beneath,  such  as— The  lion  of 
Judah,  the  upraised  hands  of  the  house  of  Aaron,  and  the 
Nazarite*s  bunch  of  grapes." 

Albert  Buttxrt. 


«»S.1T.  JuLTiOj-es.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


47 


Thi  WoaD  "  FMh  " :  "  Cheitalebb  Absiobk  " 
36.)  — -  In  the  posaoge  referred  to  this 
Uidicatea  b  joint,  or  ratlier  joinmg  of  a  particultir 
form.  There  are  variooB  varieties  of  it,  more  or 
leaa  complicated,  but  the  distinguishing  feature  is 
that  the  ends  to  he  joined  are  made  in  an  oblique  < 
■hape  ao  oa  to  orerfap  each  other.  The  term  hole 
Wppears  to  show  that  after  the  joint  was  formed 
its  parts  were  united  hy  the  blowpipe  or  soQio 
other  appliance  of  the  goldsmith's  art.  ChaioB  ' 
formed  in  thia  manner  are  evidentlj  superior  to  ; 
ihoee  composed  of  short  piecea  of  gold  wire,  the 
terminal  discs  of  which  are  brought  into  juxta-  j 
poMtion;  hence  the  goldsmith's  praise  of  those  he 
bad  in  stock,  Okoeob  Vbbb  Irvino,    | 

FRBniABONBr  (4*^  S.  ill.  504,  C03.)— I  have 
•  later  edition  of  the  book  mentiooed  hj  J.  B.  C.,  ' 
Ub,  Wn-LiAM  Baies,  and  Ma.  Stephen  Jack- 
aoM.     Its  title-page  runs  thus: — 

•>  A  Kitiul  and  Illnatrations  of  Freemasonry,  and  tbe 
Orange  and  Odd  Fellows'   Societies  ;    arcompanied  by 


engiavi 


s,  Bud  a  Key 


piofane 


,  liQB  and  Mui 
lUin  Morgan,  irbo  diralged  tbe  ridiculous 
tuagcs  of  tbe  FreeniBsons.  Abridged  fror 
Aatbore.  By  a  Traveller  in  tlie  United  Slates.  Eightb 
Tboownd.  Pablisbed  and  sold  by  S.  Thome,  Shetbear, 
D«*on.  Sold  in  London  by  Partridge  and  Oakey, 
M,  Paternoster  Row,  18S1." 

On  the  back  of  thia  title  is  an  imprint,  "  9. 
Thonie,  printer.  Shebbear,  Devon."  Instead  of 
its  being  chiefly  based  upon  David  Bernard's 
LigUa  on  Matonry,  aa  conjectured  b;  Mb.  Maf- 
BICK  LnrXBAN,  the  book  has  been  compiled  from 
Atsit  Allyn's  Eiludl  of  FreemoMmry,  which  came 
out  in  America  during  the  anti-maaonic  period 
there  in  1828-30.  This  book  of  Allyn's  was,  in 
its  turn,  a  reprint  from  the  Anii-Maaonic  Revieic, 
edited  by  Dana  H.  Ward,  in  1823-30,  and  in 
vhicb  are  the  declarations  and  disclosures  of  many 
men  who  told  all  they  knew,  and  notably  amongst 
them  was  the  present  Mr.  Secretary  Seward. 

I  am  enabled  to  say  the  book  printed  hy  Thome 
is  a  reprint,  from  comparing  it  with  Allyn's  book, 
and  am  etiR  further  home  out  in  thia  matter  by 
finding  in  Thome's  book,  now  before  me,  the  copy 
of  a  "Masonic  diploma"  of  a  Knight  Templar 
in  favaor  ot  tbe  ''  Illuatrioui  Sir  Knight  Avery 
AUyn." 

"niia  ediBon  of  Thome  contains  a  "Publishers 
Preface  to  the  People'a  Edition.— Sixth  to  Tenth 
Thoiuond,"  and  gives  Daniel  O'Connell'a  letters, 
stating  hu  reasona  for  withdrawing  from  Free- 
roaaoniT.  It  also  quotes  adverae  opiniona  to  the 
order  from  Eev.  G.  C.  Finney,  Rev.  W.  Patton, 
DJJ.,  and  Mim  Martineau,  with  "  Opinions  of  the 
Press  "  in  favour  of  Thome's  first  edition,  from 
Tie  Mtthoditt  New  Connexion  Magasme,  and  the 
Chridian  Advocate.  In  favour  of  the  second  edi- 
tioB,  &om  I7u  Umvei'te,  Chriitian  Reeord,  Chrit- 


tian  Examiner,  CArittian  VTitnett,  &c.,  showing 
that  Messrs.  Partridge  and  Oakej's  being  chosen 
publishers  in  London  was  in  order  to  forward  the 
circulation  of  the  book  tfmong  a  certain  class  of 
sectarians,  and  give  it  a  religious  tone. 

Every  now  and  then  a  prospectus  of  the  work 
falls  into  my  hands,  as  secretary  of  cert<dc  Masonic 
lodges,  intended  to  entrsp  unwaiy  brethren  to 
hecoma  purchasers,  by  which,  if  they  were  fooliah 
enough  to  huy,  they  would  gain  no  asablance  and 
waste  their  money. 

t  MiTTOEW  COOKB,  XXS",  P.M.,  P.2.  &c. 

BoRiAL  or  GiPsiEa  (4'"  S.  iii".  405,  &c.)— Some 
years  since  I  was  called  upon  to  attend  profes- 
sionally an  aged  gipsy  woman  lying  in  a  tent  in 
the  parish  of  Long  Stowe,  co.  Eunta.  Shewaa 
suffering  from  dropsy  occasioned  by  exposure  to 
cold.  Everything  that  was  required  waa  pro- 
vided for  her  by  those  about  her^ven  port  wine 
and  beef-tea.  She  died  and  waa  buried  in  the 
churchyard  of  Stowe— the  vicar,  with  whom  I 
had  to-day  some  conversation  on  the  subject, 
having  been  assured  that  she  had  been  baptised. 
T.  P.  Fbenie,M.R.C,P.L. 

Kimbolton,  June  26, 1869. 

Mtbo's  "Paeish  Pbtest";  the  Woed  "Vbb" 
(4**  S.  iii.  433,  fi  16. J— Probably  the  old  French 
phrase  quoted  by  J.  Van  de  Vkldk  is  sufficient 
to  determine  the  meaning  of  the  word  to  bo  what 
the  editor  of  the  book  explained  it  to  be — swallow. 
But  there  is  a  phrase  constantly  heard  in  South 
Devon  which  may  serve  to  illuatrate  the  paasage, 
"To  make  uae  of"  is  there  said  for  "  to  eat.'' 
Thus  one  will  aay,  "  I  have  made  uae  of  nothing 
aince  eight  o'clock,"  meaning,  I  have  eaten  nothing. 

JOBN  SHEII,!. 

Plymouth. 


OuK  End  li 
i26.)— 


0  CUE  BEOINmNQ  (4'*  S.  L 


Here  the  thought  ia  clothed  in  language  almost 
identicil  with  ttuit  of  Longfellow  in  "  A  Psalm  of 
Life."  T.  McQkath. 


NOTES  ON  B00K3,  ETC. 
Tht  Dtrntidau  of  EnU.     Wilk   Traailatiim,  Noia,  and 
Appat^x,  oy  the  Rev.  I^mbert  Blackwell  Larking, 
MX,  1«w  Vicar  of  Byarah,  Kent.    (Toovey.) 
W)iea  we  Borrowfnllj  announced  the  deatb  or  Mr. 
Larking  ("N,  &  Q."  V*'  8.  ii.  J68)  we  expressed  our 
■niiety  tbat  tbi«  work,  which  he  had  left  far  advanced 
in  tbe  press,  should  be  completed   and  published  as  a 
Qttiag  memorial  of  the  antiquarian  scbolarxhip  and  in- 
dustry of  its  admiiabls  author.    Tbe  work  is  now  bdbw 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIEfcL 


[4*  S,  IV.  Jblt  10,  "es. 


ae.  It  i3  a  magnlflcent  folio  printed  in  llie  most  annip- 
tDOos  nianuer.  An  excellent  introdnctorj  nolioe,  partly 
Uogrsphical  of  Mr.  Larking,  and  partly  explanatory  of 
the  condition  la  vrhicli  the  -vork  vaa  left  by  him,  intro- 
duces the  render  to  the  teault  of  bi»  linal  Ubonrs.  Tlien 
followfl  the  KenlDomesdayintwenty-eigtit  plates  of  jnoal 
eomplele  facsimile  by  Mr.  Jietherollff,  a  Latin  extension 
of  the  text  bv  Mr.  Larking  (pp.  56)  ;  a  coneonUnce,  which 
iaof  CDur»!  a  complete  verbal  index  (pp.  3:!);  a  tranala- 
tion  into  EnRliah  (pp.  5i) ;  notes  Ulustrativa  of  the  text 

Sip.41)l  apiicndiiofmore  general  notes  (pp. 36);  slpliabe- 
caltablesof  manors,  andnamesorpUcea,    '' 

and  in  Hasted  (PP'  19)-  "Though  it  must  ever  wanC^" 
to  borrow  the  worfa  of  the  able  writer  1^  whose  care  it 
baa  been  finally  sent  forth, "  ila  anlhor'e  last  touchca  and 
reviMon,  and  not  only  Mr.  Larkinc's  friends  but  all  who 
are  interested  in  the  antiquities  of  Kent  muat  lament  the 
loss  of  Ilia  malnred  lesearchea,  it  ia  confidently  antici- 
pnted  that  this  Dometday  of  Kent  will  remain  a  laaling 
monument  of  the  care  and  ability  of  its  lamented  nnthar, 
■ud  be  deemed  not  unworthy  of  the  fasour  of  those  who 
have  encouraRed  and  aided  ita  publication."    We  may 

a  Basted  which  h 


•malioH,  STanagemtnl, 


edb;  J.PejtoD.   Itmo.   \\ 


SUXlat  ta  CorrttpatiSmti 


Fni  Teicit  Libraria:  thar  I 

Hitlnn/  in  Brilam,  Franc. 

togtthtr  leith  brief  Nolica  o, , 

rapecliBt  Placti  of  Depoiil  of  their  lurviving  Collection.. 

By  Edward  Edwards.     (TrUbner  &  Co.) 

This  is  an  important  contribution  to  the  history  of 
MCent  legislation  in  this  country  for  the  eetablisbment  of 
lV«e  Town  Libraries — of  the  steps  In  the  same  direetioa 
which  have  been  taken  in  America,  in  the  Canadian  Pro- 
vinces, and  on  the  Continent  — of  the  results  of  these  and 
earlier  endearoura  to  promote  the  institution  of  libraries 
of  this  character— and  of  the  present  condition  of  a  large 
number  of  these  establishmenla  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
To  all  who  are  interested  either  In  the  formation  or 
management  of  Free  Libraries,  Mr.  Edwards's  volume 
will  he  found  peculiarly  useful ;  embodyinp  as  it  does 
the  various  experiences  of  many  who  have  laboured  in 
the  same  good  cause,  under  most  varving  conditions. 
But  to  many  of  our  readers  the  seconit  portion  of  Mr. 
EdwardsV  hook  will  prove  perhaps  of  greater  interest. 
It  contains  his  brief  hut  useful  notices  of  Book-collec- 
tors,  and  records  as  far  as  possible  the  present  place  of 
deposit  of  (heir  Libraries.  The  list  commences  with 
Archbishop  Abbot,  whose  books  and  MSS.,  having  been 
bequeathed  lo  his  saccessors  in  the  see  of  Canlerhnrv, 
ore  now  preserved  at  Lambeth  ;  and  it  contains  nearly 
eleven  hundred  names,  eonclnding  with  that  of  Ulrich 
Zwingli,  whose  books  are  now  to  be  seen  in  the  Library 
of  the  Cantonal  Schools  at  Zurich.  The  value  of  sitch  a 
record  lo  literary  inquirers  can  scarcely  be  overrated. 


».  ., idilnaftniiUuPiiliUilmiliiFlucUDfDii 

rciTly  IxoiBJ  li  III.  W-  wUck  nu  be  nld  br  Fmi  Onoe  ' 
nTiiCtt  ■!  Hianiwd  Fori  OBccln  Amur  of  WlLLIlllQ.SIir 


ANCIENT  ROLLS  OF  ARMS. 
OOLL   OF    THE   REIGSS  of  HENRY    in. 


t  REIGN  OF  EDWARD  III.   (dif- 


'po  COLT-ECTORS   OF  CAXTON'S   BOOKS.— A 

nrliefl   DriaUd  bwpk  of  Enfflufi  litwit  cpn  pagr  rsyie'rtly  mtdt  fat 


FASTBISGE    AXTS    COOFXS, 

MANUFACTUKING  STATIONERS, 
192,  Fleet  Street  (Comer  of  Chancery  Lane). 


WHITE  and    SOUND   TEETH.  —  JEWSBURY 
and  BROWN'S  OMESTAL  TOOTn   P*BTB,  cHiliLiilu^ 


Id  by  JukbU  IhTouilhout 


THE   B.  B.    NEW    PATENT    LA^VN-MOWER, 
LoDdoD-nude,  of  hiirh-diii  Mctut  onlr.  flttcd  mnd  Buldud  In  a 
Ii9-Lneh.«l.-J.  B.  BKOWN  k  M..W,  Cunini  blnili  ud  Itt.  Vmtt 


4*  S.  IV.  Jolt  17,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49 


LONDOy,  SATURDAY,  JULY  17,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  81. 

NOTES :  —  The  Fairfax  Family,  49  ~  Hearse,  51  -  Inter- 
▼iew  of  Napoleon  with  Wieland,  1808,  lb.  —  The  Oak  and 
the  Ash  —  Jean  Cavallier  —  Douglas  Jerrold  and  Byron  — 
Ernest- Augustus,  Duke  of  Brunswick-Luneburg  —The 
"Klopjes"  in  Holland-  The  Rinder-Pest,  or  Cattle 
Plague  —  The  Baronetcy  of  Thornton,  53. 

QUERIES:  —  Bedlam  Beinrars  and  Rosemary  —  Bumble- 
bee —  The  Burial  of  the  Kings  of  Prance  before  the  great 
Revolution  of  1789  —  Euiogium  on  Chatham  —  Civil  War 

—  The  Court  in  1784— Dissenting  Bells  —  Cartularies,  &c. 
of  PeverHham  Abbey  and  Davington  Priory  —  Heraldic  — 

Hooeychild  —  Janet  Little  —  To  Lie under  a  Mistake 

—Maxim  attributed  to  Rochefoucauld— Medallic— Milton 
— Payno—  Saxon  Cuticle  on  a  Church-door  —  Velocipedes 

—  ••  When  ray  Eyestriugs  break  in  Death,"  55. 

QlTSRiss  WITH  Akswbbb  :  —  Whittington's  Shield  of  Arma 
and  Stone  —  **  Hauled  over  the  Coals ^'  —  Brinkley  —  Com- 
mon Hunt  —  Sir  James  Tyrrel  —  Judges  at  St.  Paul's,  57. 

KEPLIES :  —  Stonehenge  and  Camac.  58  —  Our  End  linked 
to  our  Beginning.  60  —  More  Family,  61  —  Antiquities  of 
Lemninster :  the  Ducking  Stool,  lb.  —  Cunningham,  62  — 
OanrlDics  by  Grinling  Gibbons— Hard  Words  in  Chaucer : 
•*  Sawoeflem  "—  Heraldic  —  Champernon  —  Medal  —  Copy- 
ri^t  —  Genealogical  Queries  —  D'Alton  MSS.  —  Gig- 
maoitiv- May  Day  Carol  —  Popular  Names  of  Plants  — 
Jaaw  Windows  —  The  Horse's  Head  in  Acoustics  —  Bally 

—  ^e  Stuarts  and  Freemasonry,  Q^. 

Nbles  on  Books,  &c. 


finite, 

THE  FAIRFAX  FAMILY. 

The  newspapers  have  recently  recorded  the 
death  of  Lord  Fairfax  in  America,  who  was 
lineally  descended  from  Henry  Fairfax,  D.D., 
rector  of  Bolton  Percy,  in  the  county  of  York,  in 
the  reign  of  Charles  I.  Feeling  sure  that  some 
particulars  concerning  a  family,  two  members  of 
which,  father  and  eon,  played  so  conspicuous  a 
part  in  English  history  during  the  Great  Civil 
War,  and  also  its  connection  with  the  parish  of 
Bolton  Percy,  will  prove  generally  interesting,  I 
have  consequently  forwarded  them  for  insertion 
in  vour  periodical. 

&)lton  Percy  is  an  extensive  parish  in  the 
Ainsty  of  York,  possessing  a  fine  Perpendicular 
church,  built  about  1412,  and  here  the  Fairfax 
family  possessed  considerable  estates.  A  slab  at 
the  entrance  of  the  chancel,  removed  from  within 
the  altar-rails,  commemorates  Henry  Fairfax, 
D.D.,  and  Mary  his  wife,  and  below  the  inscrip- 
tion are  the  arms — Fairfax  impaling  Cholmley. 
At  the  south-west  angle  of  the  chancel  is  a  large 
monument  affixed  to  the  wall,  to  the  memory  of 
Ferdinando  Lord  Fairfax,  Baron  of  Cameron, 
who  commanded  the  centre  on  the  side  of  the 
Parliament  at  the  battle  ofMarston  Moor  in  1644, 
whilst  bravely  fighting  in  the  ranks  of  the  Cava- 
liers was  John  Bolben,  afterwards  Archbii^op  of 
York,  The  epitaph  on  it  speaks  of  him  as  "dextra 
gladium,  sinistra  stateram  tenens,"  and  "  literarum 


?atronu8,  humanitatis  repumicator.''  He  died  in 
647,  aged  sixty-four,  and  was  interred  in  Bolton 
Percy  church.  There  is  the  following  record  of 
his  burial  in  the  register : — 

"  A.  D.  1647. 

**  Fferdinando  Lord  Ffairfax,  Baron  of  Cameron,  dyed 
att  Denton  March  y*  13,  brought  to  the  Parish  Church  of 
Bolton  Pcie  and  there  baried  in  [illegible]  Queire, 
within  the  said  Church :  the  xvth  day  of  y*  same  month 
1647." 

The  register-book  from  which  the  above  extract 

is  made  is  a  thick  quarto  volume  bound  in  vellum, 

and  has  on  the  first  page  the  follovnng  inscription: 

''The  Register  Booke  of  Bolton  Pearsie,  begininge 

Sept  6,  1671.'*    It  is  complete  up  to  1696,  and  I 

have  made  from  it  a  few  more  extracts  relative  to 

the  Fairfax  family  and  others,  adding  here  and 

there  an  explanatory  remark.    At  tne   end   is 

written,  on  the  inside  of  the  cover,  *'  Non  est  mor- 

tale  quod  opto,''  and  ''  Thomas  Newsam,  Curate 

of  Bolton,  1684." 

♦*A.  D.  1649. 

"  M"  Mary  Kfairfax,  wife  of  Henry  Ffairfax  of  Bolton 
CiSr,  died  the  24**^  day  of  December,  and  was  buried  j* 
25ti»ofthesame." 

"A.  D.  1654. 

"  MaiT,  y«  daughter  of  Henry  Ffairfax  v»  younger,  of 
Bolto,  Esq.,  was  baiyed  y*  same  fifteenth  aaj  of  May.*' 

**  The  dead  bom  son  of  Hdnrv  Ffidrfax  y^  younger  of 
Bolto  Pcy.  Esq.  was  bom  and  buryed  y  eighteenw  day 
of  November." 

«*  A.  D.  1657. 

"  George  Villiers,  Duke  of  Buckingha,  and  Maiy  y« 
daughter  of  Thomas  Lord  Fairfax,  Baron  of  Cameron  of 
Nun-ApletO  yt^^in.  this  parish  of  BoltO  Percy,  were  ma- 
ryed  the  fifteenth  day  of  September,  An«  Dm.  1657. 

**  M'  Willia  Coyne,  v»  faithfull  Minister  or  Curate  of 
this  place,  dyed  at  York  y*  28  day  and  was  buried  here 
ye  four  &  twentieth  day  of  May  1657." 

The  Duke  of  Buckingham  mentioned  above  was 
the  celebrated  favourite  of  Charles  11.,  who  mar- 
ried the  only  survivor  of  the  two  daughters  of  the 
great  General  Thomas  Lord  Fairfax,  and  died  in 
1687  at  Kirkby  Moorside,  according  to  Pope,  "  In 
the  worst  inn*s  worst  room.'*    He  left  no  issue. 

"  No  wit  to  flatter,  left  of  all  his  store ; 
No  fool  to  laugh  at,  which  he  valued  more ; 
There,  victor  of  his  health,  of  fortune,  friends. 
And  fame,  this  lord  of  useless  thousands  ends." 

The  Duchess  died  in  1704,  in  her  sixty-eighth 

year. 

1660. 

«*Willift  Fforster  of  Bamborough  Castle,  Esq.,  and 
Dorothey,  the  daughter  of  S'  Willia  Selby,  late  of  Twisle 
(I.  c.  Twizell)  in  Northumberland,  Kt.  were  maryed  y« 
nine  and  twentieth  day  of  March  An<>  Dm  1660.  Witness 
H.  Ffairfax,  Rect." 

1665. 

"  M""  Henry  Fairfax,  Minister,  dyed  at  Oglethorp,  and 
was  Buried  in  Bolton  Church  the  8»»»  day  of  Apprill.  [  In 
a  different  hand] — N.B.  He  had  been  l^ector  of  Bolton." 

Oglethorp  is  a  hamlet  in  the  parish  of  Bramham, 
in  the  county  of  York.    The  Hon.    and  Rev* 


50 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[itfc  S.  IV.  July  17,  'Ca. 


Hennr  Fairfax,  D.D.,  was  the  son  of  Thomas  the 
first  Lord  Fairfax,  and  hrother  of  Ferdinando  Lord 
Fairfax,  and  was  one  of  the  few  men  of  family 
and  rank  who  at  that  time  took  orders.     He 
was  a  man  of  mark  in  those  times,  had  been  a 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge ;  a  Canon 
of  York,  and  is  mentioned  by  the  samtly  Geoiye 
Herbert.    A  nephew  of  his,  another  Henry  Fair- 
fax, D.D.,  was  a  Fellow  of  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford,  and  took  a  leading  part  in  opposition  to 
James  H.'s  tyrannical  attempt  to  thrust  a  pre- 
sident on  the  society.    He  was  appointed  Dean 
of  Norwich,  and  was  buried  in  that  cathedral  in 
1702,  where  his  epitaph  speaks  of  him :  "  Ilium 
nee  minsB  Regis  dimoverunt,  nee  illecebrse ;  frangi 
non  potuit,  flecti  noluit.'*    Henry,  the  son  of  the 
elder  Henry  Fairfax,  D.D.,  succeeded  to  the  title 
on  the  death  of  Thomas  Lord  Fairfax  in  1671,  and 
from  him  the  present  lord  is  directly  descended. 

1669. 
"  Elizabeth,  the  Daughter  of  M^  William  Ffairfax  of 
Steton,  Esquire,  was  baptized  in  Steton  Chappell  Ffeb- 
ruary  y»  21»»  day." 

Steeton  is  a  township  in  the  parish  of  Bolton 
Percy,  and  the  ancient  home  of  a  branch  of  the 
Fairfax  family.  It  is  now  the  property  of  Thomas 
Fairfax,  Esq.,  of  Newton  Kyme.  Part  of  the  old 
hall  is  occupied  as  a  farmhouse,  and  there  is  an 
interesting  cnapel,  now  desecrated,  attached  to  it, 
where  the  swallow  now  '^  hath  made  his  pendent 
bed  and  procreant  cradle."  The  dimensions  are 
about  thirty  feet  by  fifteen,  and  a  Perpendicular 
window  at  the  east  end  has  once  been  very  beauti- 
ful, and  also  the  doorway.  It  was  once  used  as  a 
place  of  worship,  and  baptisms  also  were  solem- 
nised within  its  walls. 

1670. 

"Thomas,  the  sonne  of  Tobias  Wickham,  Parson  of 
this  Parish,  was  borne  the  7<*»  day  of  July  1670,  and 
being  weake,  was  baptized  the  same  evening  at  y*  par- 
sonage house.  Frances,  the  daughter  of  M*"  \y^  Topbam 
of  Steeton,  was  baptized  in  Steeton  Chappell  July  16»'».*' 

1672. 

«*  Anthonina,  the  Daughter  of  M'  Tobias  Wickham, 
Docktor  (mc)  and  Parson  of  this  Parish,  was  Borne  June 
y«  first,  and  Baptized  June  y«  seaventh." 

*<  William,  the  eonn  of  Nathaniell  Bladen,  Esquier, 
was  Bom  at  Steton  the  27*  of  Ffebruary,  and  was  Bap- 
tised in  Steton  Chappie  the  2°*  day  of  March." 

**  Elizabeth  Wickham,  five  years  and  two  months  old, 
the  Daughter  of  D'  Wickham,  Parson  of  this  Parish,  dyed 
Novemb*"  v*  30*,  and  was  buiyed  December  y«  2*  1612. 
[In  the  chancel.  Mem.  this  in  a  different  hand,  and 
evidently  much  later.] 

1676. 

"Mary,  y«  daughter  of  D*"  Wickham,  Parson  of  this 
Parish,  was  Baptized  at  York  y«  18  day  of  May." 

1694. 
'*  Frances,  daughter  of  Madam  Susannah  Fairfax  of 
Steeton,  Buried  August  10*." 

1695. 


It  is  strange  that  no  record  of  the  paternity  of 
these  two  is  given,  nor  of  their  age.  One  cannot 
help  noting  also  the  very  short  space  which  inter- 
vened between  the  death  and  burial  of  several 
people  in  these  entries. 

Thomas  Lord  Fairfax,  the  great  Parliamentary 
general  who  commanded  the  right  wing  at  Mar- 
ston  Moor  in  1644,  and  in  chief  at  Naseby  the 
following  year,  is  buried  at  Bilborough,  a  quiet 
village  church  about  three  miles  distant  from 
Bolton  Percy.    It  is  situated  a  little  distance  from 
the  Great  North  Koad  between  Tadcaster  and 
York,  and  very  line  views  of  the  surrounding 
country  and  of  the  lofty  central  tower  of  York 
Minster  are  obtained.     The  church  is  a  small 
unpretending  structure,  consisting  of  nave,  chancel^ 
and  south  aisle,  at  the  end  of  which  is  a  little 
chapel,  in  which  he  and  his  lady  lie  buried  under 
a  large  altar-tomb,  on  the  sides  of  which  are 
several  coats  of  arms  and  military  trophies,  and 
on  a  large  black  marble  slab  covering  it  is  the 
following  epitaph : — 

"  Here  lye  the  Bodyes  of  the  Right  Honble.  Thomas 
Lord  Fairfax  ot  Denton,  Baron  of  Cameron,  who  dyed 
November  y  xii.  1671,  in  the  60th  yeare  of  his  age. 
And  of  Anne  his  wife,*daughter  and  coheire  of  Horatio 
Lord  Vere,  Baron  of  Tilbury.  They  had  issue  Mary, 
Duchess  of  Buckingham,  and  Elizabeth.  *  The  memory 
of  the  just  is  blessed.' " 


*'  Anne,  y*  daughter  of  Madam  [Susannah  Fairfax  of 
Steeton,  Buried  April  21»«." 


AbovC;  incised  on  the  slab,  are  the  arms  of 
Fail  fax  impaling  De  Vere,  of  which  noble  house 
she  was  a  scion,  and  which  gave,  in  unbroken  suc- 
cession, twenty  Earls  of  Oxford  from  the  days  of 
Stephen  to  those  of  Anne.    The  twentieth  and 
last  earl,  Aubrey  de  Vere,  commanded  the  Bluea 
at  the  battle  of  the  Boyne  on  the  side  of  King 
William  III.     Sir  Horatio  Vere,  her  father,  was 
nephew  of  John  De  Vere,  the  sixteenth  earl,  and 
served  with  the  greatest  distinction  in  the  Low 
Countries.  All  will  recollect  Lady  Fairfax's  answer 
when  her  husband's  name  was  called  at  the  trial 
of  King  Charles  I.,  *'  He  has  too  much  wit  to  be 
here."   Let  it  be  noted,  too,  that  literary  and  anti- 
quarian pursuits  were  not  beneath  the  notice  of 
the  great  general.    He  was  the  owner  of  the 
Dodsworth  MSS.  which    he    presented    to    the 
Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford ;  and  he  it  was  who 
saved  the  Bodleian  from  pillage  when  that  fair 
and  loyal  city  surrendered  to  the  Parliament.     So 
all  honour  be  given  by  Oxonians  to  the  memory 
of  Thomas  Lord  Fairfax. 

Denton,  mentioned  in  the  epitaph,  was  an  estate 
belonging  to  the  family  near  Otley,  the  birthplace 
both  of  Ferdinando  and  Thomas  Lords  Fairfax, 
and  also  of  Edward  Fairfax,  who  won  to  himself 
a  literary  name  as  the  translator  of  Tasso,  and 
died  in  1632. 

On  the  death,  in  1671,  of  the  celebrated  Lord 
Fairfax,  the  hero  of  Naseby  fight,  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  cousin  Henry,  son  of  the  rector  of 


1 


4«»  S.  IV.  July  17,  *S9.^ 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


51 


Bolton  Percy,  as  fourth  lord.  His  son  Thomas, 
the  fifth  lord,  married  Katherine,  daughter  of 
Lord  Colepeper ;  and  his  son  Thomas,  the  sixth 
lord,  succeeded,  in  right  of  his  mother,  to  the 
immense  estates  in  America,  and  went  to  reside 
upon  them,  and  died  there  in  1782,  at  the  age  of 
ninety-one.  They  are  situated  hetween  the  Po- 
tomac and  Kapaoannoc  in  Virginia,  and  said  to 
be  more  than  a  million  of  acres  in  extent,  and  up 
to  this  day  have  continued  in  the  possession  of 
the  family.  The  father  of  General  Washington 
filled  the  office  of  agent  to  the  Lord  Fairfax  of 
that  time,  and  was  married  in  the  church  there, 
the  fittings  of  which  had  heen  hrought  from  Eng- 
land. The  fertility  and  heauty  of  the  country  are 
said  to  be  most  wonderful,  equal  to  the  Iloratian 
description : — 

**Germinat  et  nanquam  fallentis  terraes  olivae ; 
Suamqae  puUa  ficas  omat  arborem ; 
Mella  cava  manant  ex  ilice :  montibus  altis 
Leris  crepante  lympha  desilit  pede." 

Hor.  Epod.  xvi. 

John  Pickford,  M.A. 
Bolton  Percy,  near  Tadcaster. 


HEARSE. 

In  The  Gttardian  for  June  23,  1869,  the  ques- 
tion of  the  etymology  of  hearse  is  started,  with  the 
observation  that  ''a  correspondent  suggests  that 
it  may  come  from  the  obsolete  old  English  herrienj 
to  praise — still  extant,  possibly,  in  the  word  rc- 
hearse — and  is  ultimately  to  be  traced  to  the  Ger- 
man Atfrr,  or  one  of  its  many  derivatives — perhaps 
heraagen,  to  praise  or  celebrate."  Surely  this  is 
worth  making  a  note  of,  as  showing  what  non- 
sense can  be  said  and  will  continue  to  be  said  as 
long  as  the  principle  prevails  that  in  English 
etymology  guesswork  is  to  be  accepted  in  place 
of  research! 

In  the  first  place,  where,  except  in  Spenser 
and  Drayton,  is  herrien  spelt  with  a  double  r? 
Secondly,  to  rehearse  has  nothing  to  do  with  the 
A.-S.  herian  or  O.  Eng.  herye.  Thirdly,  hearse  has 
nothing  to  do  with  heriatiy  nor  has  herr  anything 
to  do  with  hersagen,  nor  does  hersagen  mean  to 
muse!  The  derivation  of  hearse  is  given  in 
Wedgwood  quite  correctly.  It  is  from  the  0.  Fr. 
herche,  Ger.  harhe^  a  rake ;  cf.  Suio-Goth.  harf, 
Lat.  irpixy  the  fundamental  idea  being  that  of 
acratching  or  scraping  the  ground  ;  cf.  Lat.  arare^ 
O.  Eng.  ear,  to  plough.  Tne  English  word  from 
the  same  root  is  a  harrow.  How  the  French  tri- 
angular herche  or  harrow  was  likened  to  the  trian- 
gmiar  frame  for  holding  candles  at  funerals,  how 
die  name  was  again  transferred  to  funeral  obsequies 
in  general,  to  a  cenotaph,  and  finally  to  the  funeral 
oaniage  itself,  is  all  in  Wedgwood.  To  rehearse 
ismerely  the  0.  Fr.  rehercer,  to  harrow  all  over  again. 
Afyfl^topnue^  isconnected  with  A.-S.  here,  praise^ 


Ger.  ehre,  honour,  and  Suio-Goth.  esra,  honour, 
which  see  in  Ihre.  Hersagen,  instead  of  being 
one  of  the  derivatives  of  lierr,  a  lord,  is  a  deriva- 
tive of  the  adverb  her,  hither ;  but  this  is  a  trifle 
to  the  correspondent  of  The  Guardian,  The  dis- 
cussion of  this  etymology  could  be  exemplified  at 
great  length  and  in  an  interesting  manner ;  but  I 
only  wish  to  draw  attention  here  to  the  ease  with 
which  the  most  ignorant  assertions  obtain  cur- 
rency, if  the  subject  be  etymology.  On  every 
other  subject,  as  botany,  history,  geology,  men 
are  expected  to  have  some  slight  acjquamtance 
with  standiurd  publications:  why  is  it  that,  on 
etymology,  any  rubbish  passes  muster?  I  may, 
before  concluding,  draw  attention  to  another 
meaning  of  herse  not  above  noticed.  It  is  em- 
ployed by  Spenser  to  signify  the  pyramidal  trophy 
upon  which  the  various  parts  of  a  knight's  armour 
were  piled  up  and  displayed ;  whence  to  unherse 
armour  is  to  take  it  down  from  its  place.  The 
past  participle  unherst  occurs  in  F,  Q,  v.  3.  37, 
and  is  not  noticed  by  Nares.  And  it  may  further 
be  noted  that  the  connection  of  hearse  with  re- 
hearse was  probably  suggested  by  an  absui*dity  of 
Spenser's  (K  Q.  iii.  2.  48),  where  he  actually 
writes  ?ierse  instead  of  hersaU^  for  the  sake  of  a 
rime,  having  further  settled  it  with  himself  that 
hersaU  may  be  used  for  rehearsal !  Be  it  remem- 
bered that  Spenser's  etymology  is  often  quite  as 
wrong  as  his  false  old  Eoglish. 

Walteb  W.  Skeat. 
1,  Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 


INTERVIEW  OF  NAPOLEON  WITH  WIELAND, 

1808. 

In  a  former  contribution  to  «  N.  &  Q."  (4'"  S. 
ii.  504),  I  have  spoken  of  an  interesting  interview 
between  Napoleon  and  the  amiable  Grand  Duke 
George  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  and  I  fancy  that 
another  interview  with  the  Emperor,  being  of  a 
more  peacable  character,  will  be  found  acceptable. 
It  is  related  by  an  eye-witness ;  and  reminds  one, 
to  a  certain  extent,  of  that  which  Napoleon  had 
with  Goethe,  and  which  we  all  know  from  Mr. 
Lewes's  excellent  Life  of  Goethe,  At  the  time 
when  the  interview  I  am  alluding  to,  between 
Napoleon  and  Wieland  (bom  1733,  died  1813), 
tooK  place,  the  fame  of  tho  latter  as  an  author 
was  equal  to  that  of  Goethe  himself;  although  at 
the  present  time  Wieland*s  writings,  with  the 
exception  of  his  unequalled  Oberon  (published  in 
1780),  which  will  keep  his  name  alive  for  cen- 
turies to  come — his  works,  I  say,  form  but  the 
reading  of  the  curious  or  of  literary  students. 
The  spontaneous  charm  has  passed  away. 

Napoleon  came  to  Weimar  in  October,  1808. 
This  visit  was,  to  a  certain  degree,  a  compliment 
he  paid  to  the  Duchess  Luise  of  Saxe-Weimar, 
who  had  won  his  admiration  by  her  noble  bearing 


5& 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»h  S.  IV.  July  17,  '69. 


and  by  the  common  sense  which  she  hod  shown 
during  Napoleon's  former  visit  to  Weimar  (180G), 
at  a  time  when  her  husband,  the  excellent  Karl 
August,  was  on  the  point  of  losing  everything, 
having  joined  the  Prussian  army.  Things  had 
now  been  settled.  Part  of  a  heavy  contribution 
(2,200,000  francs)  had  been  paid.  Napoleon, 
Alexander  of  Russia,  and  a  host  of  kings,  princes, 
and  generals,  had  come  to  Erfurt,  and  from  thence 
to  Weimar.  On  October  6,  1808,  a  splendid  hunt 
had  been  arranged  in  the  Ettersberg  forest ;  after 
which,  a  gala-dinner  took  place.  In  the  evening 
Napoleon^s  French  troup  acted  Voltaire's  Mori  de 
CSsar,  with  Talma  as  Brutus,  before  a  parterre  of 
kings.  It  was  a  grand  performance.  When  C^sar 
exclaimed  (last  scene  of  Act  I.)  — 

"  Je  led  aurais  panis,  si  je  les  pouvais  craindre ; 
Ne  me  conseillez  point  de  me  faire  hair. 
Je  sais  combattre,  vaincre,  et  ne  sais  point  panir. 
AUons  ;   et  n'^outant  ni  soup<;ons  ni  vengeance, 
Sur  Tunivers  soumis  r^gnons  sans  violence," — 

it  was  "as  if  an  electrical  spark  were  running 
through  the  whole  audience.'*  The  theatre  over, 
a  ball  was  given  to  the  emperors.  Alexander 
charmed  every  one  he  came  near  to.  Napoleon 
even  made  an  effort,  to  say  something  agreeable 
to  the  ladies  he  passed  by ;  reminding  one  of  that 
levSe  at  Saint  Cloud,  of  which  Vamhagen  speaks 
in  his  "  Reminiscences  "  {Denkwiirdigkeiten),  and 
where  the  Emperor  constantly  repeated  to  all 
the  ladies :  "  II  fait  chaud,  madame  ! "  One 
lady  here  at  Weimar  made  an  exception  —  it 
was  Frau  von  der  Recke,  celebrated  in  literary 
circles.  When  the  Emperor  heard  that  she  came 
from  Erfurt,  he  replied  courteously — "I  should 
not  have  thou^l^t  that  there  were  such  beautiful 
women  at  Erfurt;  but  were  you  bom  there?" 
"No,  siie,  I  was  born  at  Stettin."  "You  are, 
therefore,  a  Prussian  ?  "  "  Yes,  sire,  from  my 
heart  and  soul!"  "Well,"  the  Emperor  replied, 
bowing  courteously,  "we  must  attach  ourselves 
closely  to  out  patrie,^^ 

I  have  extracted  these  particulars  from  an  in- 
teresting valuable  little  volume  by  the  noble- 
minded  Kanzler  Friedrich  von  Miiller  (bom  1779, 
died  1849),  the  life-long  friend  of  Goethe  and  of 
the  Duke  (afterwards  Grand  Duke)  Karl  August 
of  Saxe- Weimar.  A  noble-minded  man  himself, 
the  future  Chancellor  Von  Miiller  was  the  friend 
of  the  best  and  the  worthiest  of  Germany  during 
the  first  half  of  our  century.  Quite  a  young  man, 
he  had  begun  his  diplomatic  career  by  coming  in 
close  contact  with  Napoleon,  having  several  diplo- 
matic interviews  witn  the  Emperor  at  Berlin, 
Paris,  and  elsewhere;  and  it  seemed  that  the 
open  character  of  the  young  man  made  an  agree- 
able impression  upon  the  then  almighty  ruler. 
He  frequently  conversed  with  Von  Miiller,  and 
thus  it  happened  that  the  latter  was  present  when, 
the  evening  of  that  ball,  the  Emperor  freely  con- 


versed with  Wieland.  I  shall  now  merely  trans- 
late what  I  find  noted  down  in  the  volume  alluded 
to  :  "  Reminiscences  of  the  Times  of  War,  1806- 
1813"  (JErt?merwigeti  au^  den  Kriegsseiten  von 
180G-1813,  von  Friedrich  von  Miiller,  Brunswic, 
1851,  pp.  310).    The  author  writes :  — 

**  After  having  conversed  some  time  with  Goethe,  the 
Emperor  came  suddenly  up  to  me  and  asked :  *  But  where 
is  Wieland  ?  Why  has  he  not  been  presented  to  me  ? ' 
I  replied  that  his  age  [Wieland  was  then  in  his  seventy- 
sixth  year]  was  keepint^  him  back  from  balls,  but  that  J 
would  cause  him  to  appear  directly.  The  Duke  imme- 
diately sent  a  carriage  to  fetch  him.  Wieland  was  much 
surprised,  but  after  no  long  delay  1  could  present  him  to 
Napoleon.  The  latter  was  just  standing  at  one  of  the 
columns  that  form  the  passage  to  the  open  adjoining 
rooms.  I  kept  somewhat  in  the  background,  but  in  such 
a  manner  that  I  could  hear  the  whole  conversation  word 
for  word.  After  some  friendly  preliminary  words,  th« 
Emperor  asked  him  which  of  his  works  he  considered  the 
most  important.  *  Sire/  replied  the  venerable  old  man, 
'  I  do  not  attach  a  great  value  to  any  of  them.  I  have 
written  what  I  have  felt  within  my  heart.'  *  But  which,* 
the  Emperor  continued,  *  is  that  of  your  works  which  you 
have  brought  forth  [cree]  with  the  greatest  predilection  ?  * 
Whereupon  Wieland  named  Agathon  and  Oberon. 

"  Now  the  Emperor  passed  over  to  subjects  relating  to 
the  history  of  the  world,  and  put  the  same  question 
which  he  had  asked  of  Johannes  MUlIer  [the  historian] 
two  years  previously,  after  the  battle  of  Jena :  Which 
time  [era,  epoch]  Wieland  considered  the  happiest  for 
the  human  race?    Johannes  Mttller  had  declared  the 
reign  of  the  Antonines ;  but  Wieland  answered :  *  That  is 
difficult  to  decide.     The  Greeks  often  enjoyed  happy 
times,  if  we  but  consider  culture  and  personal  freedom. 
Rome  had,  beside  many  bad  emperors,  also  several  ex- 
cellent ones  who  deserve  to  be  called  genii  of  the  human 
race.    Other  nations  and  states,  too,  are  able  to  be  proud 
of  wise  and  mild  rulers ;  but  as  a  whole,  historir  seems  to 
move  in  a  large  circle.    The  good  and  the  bad,  virtue 
and  vice  change  constantly ;  and  it  is  the  problem  of  philo- 
soph}'  to  find  out  everywhere  what  is  good,  and  to  make 
us  bear  what  is  bad  by  the  exaltation  of  what  is  good.* 
'True,' the  Emperor  said;  *  but  it  is  not  right  to  paint 
everything  in  black,  as  Tacitus  has  done.    He  is  a  clever 
painter,  certainly,  a  bold  and  seducing  colourist,  but  be 
was  only  trj'ing  to  produce  effect.     History  does  not 
want  any  illusions ;  she  has  to  clear  up  and  to  teach  us, 
not  merely  to  produce  or  sketch  impressive  pictures. 
Tacitus  has  not  developed  sufficiently  the  causes  and  the 
inward  motives  of  the  events.    He  has  not  deeply  enough 
explored  the  mystery  of  the  actions  and  sentiments,  as 
well  as  their  reciprocally  interlinking  each  other,  in 
order  to  establish  a  just  and  unimpaired  judgment  for 
future  generations.     Such  a  judgment  must  take  men 
and  people  only  just  as  they  could  be  in  the  midst  of 
their  time  and  of  the  circumstances  that  influenced  their 
actions.    We  must  be  able  to  see  clearly  how  every 
action  was  developing  itself  under  the  given  circum- 
stances that  influenced  it.    The  Roman  emperors  were 
by  far  not  so  bad  as  Tacitus  has  drawn  them.    In  this 
respect  I  prefer  Montesquieu  by  far.    He  is  juster  and 
keeps  closer  to  truth.' 

**  Hereupon  the  Emperor  passed  over  to  the  Christian 
religion  and  its  history,  especially  to  the  reasons  of  its 
spreading  itself  so  quickly. 

*'  *  I  find  herein,*  he  said,  *  a  wonderful  reaction  of  the 
Greek  spirit  against  the  Roman.  Greece,  conquered  by 
physical  strength,  reconquers  its  spiritual  power  by  ac- 
cepting and  nursing  that  beneficial  seed  which  across  the 


4«*  S.  IV.  Ji-LT  17,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


53 


water  the  kind  providence  of  God  %ad  sown  for  the 
hmnan  race.  Apropos/ — here  he  approached  Wieland 
cloe'f'lv,  and  put  his  hand  up  to  his  mouth,  that  nobody 
but  Wieland  and  myself  couhl  hear  it— 'Apropos,  it  is  yet  a 
{^eat  question  whether  or  not  Jesus  Christ  has  ever  lived.' 

**  Wieland,  who  until  then  had  only  listened  atten- 
tively, replied  quickl}',  and  with  lively  emotion  :  *  I  know 
well,  sire,  that  there  were  some  foolish  persons  who 
doubted  of  it ;  but  it  seems  to  me  just  as  foolish  to  doubt 
that  Julias  Caesar  has  been  living,  and  that  Your  Majesty 
still  lives.* 

**  Upon  this  the  Emperor  patted  Wieland  on  the 
shoulder  and  said  :  *  True,  true.'    He  then  conti;iued : 

**  *  The  philosophers  plap^ue  themselves  to  build  up 
systems ;  but  they  are  vainly  looking  for  a  better  one  than 
Ohristianity,  by  which  man  becomes  reconciled  to  him- 
self, and  by  which  public  order  and  jjeneral  welfare  are 
equally  guaranteed  as  is  the  happiness  and  the  hope  of 
single  individuals ! ' 

•*  Napoleon  seemed  to  be  much  inclined  to  continue 
this  harangue,  but  Wieland  showed  evident  signs  of  being 
tired  1^  standing  so  long,  whereupon  the  Emperor  gave 
him  most  graciously  leave  to  withdraw.  W^hether  or  not 
the  Emperor  was  in  full  earnest  with  regard  to  this  re- 
markable question,  or  whether  he  wished  to  tr}^  Wieland, 
whom  be  bad  often  heard  styled  the  German'  Voltaire^  I 
most  leave  undecided,  but  the  latter  seemed  to  me  the 
more  probable.  Evidently,  however,  as  I  then  remarked, 
Wieland's  answer  struck  and  pleased  him  much."  (Vide 
ant^,  ErinnerungeTij  pp.  249-253.) 

"  The  same  evening,  the  Emperor  once  more  conversed 
with  Goethe,  showing  a  deep  interest  in  the  culture  of 
tragical  art ;  and  a  few  days  after  he  had  another  inter- 
view with  Goethe,  as  well  as  with  Wieland.  It  was 
during  his  luncheon.  The  Emperor  treated  both  with 
exquisite  attention  and  distinction,  the  conversation 
behig  about  their  families  and  life."  (Vide  antfe,  Erin- 
nerun^en,  pp.  253,  259.) 

It  is  a  pity  that  Chancellor  Yon  Miiller  does 
not  say  whether  or  not  Napoleon  seemed  to  be 
fond  of  hearing  himself  speak,  although  he  was 
full  of  attention  and  interest  opposite  the  two 
great  authors  when  tltei/  were  speaking,  more  so 
perhaps  than  with  anybody  else  in  Germany. 
Talleyrand,  who  always  kept  up  his  friendly  re- 
lations with  the  Chancellor,  asked  the  latter  to 
write  down  a  kind  of  mfmoire  relating  to  the 
conversations  between  the  Emperor  and  Goethe 
and  Wieland,  which  however  Herr  von  Miiller 
declined.  (Vide  ante,  Enmicrungeti^  p.  253.)  Per- 
lucps  Talleyrand  did  such  a  thing  upon  the  insti- 
gation <rf  his  then  master.  There  seems  to  be  no 
doubt  that  Napoleon  knew  how  to  converse  when 
he  came  in  contact  with  clever  people,  even  if 
they  did  not  always  subscribe  to  his  opmion.  Even 
such  personages  as  the  Emperor  Alexander  he 
could  captivate,  although  the  latter  once  said  to 
th^Duke  of  Oldenburg,  "C'est  un  torrent  qu'il 
faat  laisser  passer ! '' 

Possibly  I  may  venture  to  give  some  more  au- 
thenticated **  interviews"  with  the  Emperor  in 
the  pages  of  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  as,  for  instance,  those 
between  him  and  the  fore-named  Duchess  Luise 
of  Saxe- Weimar,  the  Queen  of  Prussia,  Saint 
Aignan  the  ambassador,  Chancellor  Von  Miiller, 
and  others.  Hebmann  Ejndt. 


The  Oak  and  the  Ash.  —  The  oak  was  out 
this  year  so  long  before  the  ash  that  the  fine  dry 
summer  indicated  thereby  seems  late  in  coming. 
Nevertheless,  that  it  will  keep  the  old  proverb, 
"Better  late  than  never,*'  seems  probable  from 
the  following  statistics,  which  may  be  considered 
worthy  to  be  transposed  from  the  Herefoid  Tima 
to"N.  &Q.";  — 

*'  In  the  years  1816, 1817, 1821, 1823, 1828, 1829, 1830, 
1838, 1845,  1850,  and  1859,  the  ash  was  in  full  foliage  more 
than  a  month  hefore  the  oak,  and  cold  and  unproductive 
seasons  succeeded.  In  1831, 1839, 1853,  and  1860,  both  these 
species  of  vegetatfon  began  their  race  about  the  same 
period,  and  the  summers  which  followed  were  neither 
one  wav  nor  the  other.  Whereas  in  1818, 1819,  1820, 
1822, 1^24, 1825, 182G,  1827, 1834, 1835,1836,1837,1842, 
184G,  1854,  and  1868  the  oak  displayed  its  umbras^ous 
foliage  weeks  before  its  companion  of  the  for^t,  and 
these  years  were  particularly  distinguished  for  tine,  dry, 
and  warm  weather,  and  subsequently  by  the  most  abun- 
dant harvests  recorded  in  the  annals  of  our  country." 

J.  Forth  Humby. 

Jean  Cavalliee. — Here  is  a  letter  of  Chamil- 

larfs  when  Secretary  of  War,  relative  to  the 

celebrated  Camisard  Chief,  which  I  think  may 

interest  your  numerous  readers  :— 

"Ce7«f^urierl706. 
"  Je  vols  par  vostre  lettre  du  14  du  mob  passe  que 
Caualier  est  a  la  haye,  qu'il  se  donne  tons  les  monuemens 
possibles  pour  se  mettre  en  estat  d'excitcr  de  nouueaux 
troubles  dans  les  seven nes.  Yous  rendriez  vn  grand  sernice 
au  Roy  si  vous  pourriez  engager  quelqu*officier  sous 
pr^tcxte  d'agir  de  concert  auec  fuy  h  le  liurer  k  quelque 
party  que  Ton  enuerroit  sur  la  u-onti^re  de  france ;  il 
faudroit  pour  cela  estre  auert^  bien  sceurement  de  tous 
les  jours  de  sa  marche,  et  des  lieux  par  oil  il  passeroit.  S'il 
s'embarque  il  n*est  pas  possible  d'exccuter  ce  projet  pen- 
dant sa  route,  mais  on  pourroit,  lorsqu'il  sera  d^termind  de 
rentrer  dans  le  Royaume,  luy  dresser  quelque  embuscade 
qui  r^ussira  seurcment.  Si  vous  trouuez  quelqu'vn. 
d'assez  bonne  foy  pour  a'attacher  k  luy  qui  ne  I'aban- 
donne  pas  jusqu*k  ce  qu'il  Tait  remis  h  quelqu'officier  des 
troupes  de  Sa  Maj<«  que  Ton  feroit  trouuer  2i  jour  nomme 
dand  le  lieu  quMl  iudiqueroit,  vous  poun-ez  tenter  toutes 
sortes  de  voyes,  et  si  vous  vous  donnez  bien  du  mouue- 
ment  sur  cctte  affaire,  en  cas  qu*elle  reussisse,  le  Roy 
fera  donner  deux  mil  pistoles  k  celuy  qui  aura  livr^ 
Caualier. 

"  Chamillart." 

P.  A.  L. 

Douglas  Jereold  and  Byron. — It  is  some- 
where recorded,  as  a  saying  of  Douglas  Jerrold*s, 
that  a  wife  at  forty  should,  like  a  bank-note,  be 
exchangable  for  two  of  twenty.  The  idea  must 
certainly  have  been  taken  from  Byron :  — 

"  Wedded  she  was  some  years,  and  to  a  man 
Of  fifty,  and  such  husbands  are  in  plenty ; 
And  yet,  I  think,  instead  of  such  a  one 
'Twere  better  to  have  two  of  five-and-twenty.** 

Don  Juanf  Ixii. 

D.B. 

Ernest-Augustus,  Duke  of  Brunswick- 
LuNEBURG  (first  Elector  of  Hanover,  father  of 
George  I.) — On  a  very  large  silver  medal  this 


54 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  July  17,  '69. 


prince  is  represented  in  Koman  armour,  but  with 
the  more  modern  skullcap,  beard,  and  scarf.  Un- 
derneath is  written  on  a  scroll :  *'  Augustus  .  d  .  g  . 
DUX  .  BB  .  ET  .  LUNB."  Two  Standing  female 
figiires^the  one  persooifving  Justice,  with  sword 
and  scales;  the  other  Peace,  with  the  palm- 
branch — hold  two  crowns  over  his  head,  the  ducal 
and  a  laurel  one.  Above  is  the  inscription : 
"faustum  iustiti^  et  pacis  consortum."  On 
the  reverse,  fourteen  scutcheons  of  the  family  in 
a  circle  entwined;  at  the  top,  the  year  "  1666." 
In  the  centre  a  crowned  helmet,  with  above  it  a 
crowned  pillar  surmounted  by  feathers  with  a 
star;  ana  two  peculiar  horns,  between  which 
gallops  the  Guelphic  horse.  Round  it  is  written  : 
**ALLES  MIT  bedacht"  (in  fact  the  duke,  on  the 
obverse,  has  a  very  knowing  sidelook) ;  but  what 
I  cannot  make  out,  and  should  like  to  have  inform- 
4ition  about,  is  the  further  inscription :  *'  ^tat  . 
LXXXvniD  .  NAT  .  XAPRiL."*  What  does  this  date 
•correspond  to  ? 

I  possess  another  large  medal  of  Fridericus 
Ulricus,  father  of  Ernest- Augustus  (1614),  in 
-armour,  on  horseback,  with  a  large  flowing  scarf 
and  staff  of  command.  In  the  profile  of  the  head 
you  can  already  discern  a  striking  likeness  with 
the  coins  of  George  III.  (1787),  and  which  still 
obtains  in  the  family  at  the  present  day. 

^  P.  A.  L. 

The  "  Klopjks  "  in  Holland. — The  facts  stated 
in  the  following  extract  appear  so  curious,  and 
are  so  little  known  in  England,  that  they  may 
perhaps    be  deemed  worthy  of   publication    in 

**  The  Roman  Catholic  churches  (if  such  a  name  may 
be  given  to  them)  that  were  built  in  Holland  in  the  17th 
century,  exhibited  in  a  very  palpable  manner  the  dangers 
to  which  Roman  Catholics  were  exposed  in  performing 
their  worship.  The  place  universallj*  selected  was  a 
house  situated  in  the  most  solitary  part  of  a  town.  The 
interior  was  literally  pierced  with  a  guard  of  galleries, 
like  an  ant*s  nest,  and  every  cornice,  even  the  smallest, 
was  made  use  of  as  a  place  tor  the  auditors.  These  gal  • 
leries  ran  up  for  four,  five,  and  even  six  stories,  whilst 
transversal  openings  in  all  directions  were  made  to  enable 
the  faithful  to  see  what  passed  at  the  altar.  There  were 
in  the  outer  walls  secret  spy-holes  (des  judos  caches') 
looking  out  upon  all  the  streets  by  which  the  oflScers  of 
the  law  might  approach.  It  is  desirable  that  such  curi- 
ous edifices  should  be  preser\'ed — and  of  such  houses  a 
certain  number  still  remain  in  Amsterdam,  Utrecht,  and 
Haarlem — as  they,  at  the  same  time,  demonstrate  the 
fidelity  of  the  persecuted  church  in  Holland,  as  well  as 
the  much-boasted- of  *  toleration '  of  its  adversaries.  Very 
frequently  these  houses  were  apparently  a  portion  of  some 
adjoining  tavern.  Thus,  there  are  to  be  found  in  Am- 
sterdam the  churches  of  *the  Pigeon,'  of  *  Moses  and 
Aaron,'  of  *  the  Green  Tree,'  and  *  the  Parrot* 

"  When  it  was  requisite  for  the  Roman  Catholics  to 
meet  together,  or  when  some  danger  was  apprehended, 

[•  Is  it  not  an  error  of  the  engraver  for  "  ^etat  . 
Lxxxviii .  D  .  NAT.  X  .  APRIL,"  showing  it  was  struck  on 
his  eighty-etghth  birthday,  April  10  ?— Ed.  "X.  &.  Q."  J 


use  was  made  of  *  the  Klopjes,*  or  *  Knocking  Sisters,*  to 
apprise  or  to  warn  them.  \Vith  such  as  these  it  was  not 
possible  to  have  the  rules  of  a  religious  community,  or 
the  wearing  an  unusual  costume.  These  'sisters  re- 
mained in  the  homes  of  their  families,  and  from  thence 
visited  villages,  attended  the  sick,  taught  the  catechism, 
distributed  alms,  and  very  often  made  more  couverts 
than  the  priests  themselves.  They  were  the  constant 
objects  of  attack  in  furious  placards  from  the  government, 
which  had  forbidden,  under  the  severest  penalties,  more 
than  two  of  them  being  together  at  the  same  time,  or  to 
have  the  power  of  making  a  will,  or  to  inherit  any  fixed 
property, 

**  At  Utrecht  *  the  Klopjes  '  were  to  be  found  near  the 
church  of  St.  Gertrude,  in  an  isolated  part  of  the  city, 
and  not  far  from  the  road  leading  from  Amsterdam  to 
Gorcum.  Whoever  has  assisted  at  the  offices  of  thia 
church  cannot  but  have  been  surprised  in  seeing  the 
numerous  passages  and  gates  affording  the  means  of  egress 
and  escape  in  case  of  any  danger. 

'*  1  have  been  assured  that  the  last  of  *  the  Klopjes '  died 
at  Utrecht  in  1853,  The  name  doubtless  is  derived  fh>m 
the  Dutch  word  Klopjen^  to  knock,  and  this  had  refer- 
ence to  the  mode  by  which  they  gave  warning  of  some 
imminent  peril.  Each  sister  had  the  special  charge  of 
some  particular  article  used  in  divine  worship,  sudi  as 
the  chalice,  corporal,  patena,  burettes  ;  and  when  magis- 
trates unexpectedly  presenteid  themselves  in  a  church  all 
such  articles  disappeared  with  incredible  rapidity,  and 
nought  then  was  discoverable  but  bare  walls  and  empty 
galleries," 

This  extract  is  taken  from  an  article  published 
in  Le  Correspondant  (Nouv.  S^r.),  xv.  36-38,  and 
entitled  **  Jans^nisme  en  IloUande." 

W.  B.  Mac  Oabb. 

Place  St,-Sauveur,  Dinan,  France. 

The  Rinder-Pest,  or  Cattle  Plague. — The 
following  sentence  has  just  caught  my  eye  in 
looking  over  the  Westminster  Magazine  for  1773, 
and  I  transcribe  it  for  the  benefit  of  those  whom 
it  may  concern :  — 

"  Monday^  Dec.  7. — A  letter  from  Mecklenburgh  says, 
that  a  remedy  has  been  discovered  there  for  the  distem- 
per incident  to  the  horned  cattle.  It  is  no  more  than 
feeding  the  diseased  beasts  with  crab -apples ;  the  same 
fruit,  put  into  the  water  given  the  cattle  to  drink,  has 
been  found  to  prevent  the  distgmper." 

William  Bates. 

The  BARONETcr  or  Thornton.  —  Andrew 
Strachan  of  Thornton,  a  favourite  of  Charles  I., 
was  created  a  baronet  of  Nova  Scotia  by  that 
sovereign  on  the  28th  May,  1625,  with  succession 
to  male  heirs  in  general.  On  the  death  of  the  only 
son  of  this  baronet  without  issue,  the  title  was 
assumed  by  his  kinsman,  the  Rev.  James  Strachan, 
parish  minister  of  Keith.  This  reverend  gentle- 
man possessed  gi*eater  business  qualifications  than 
are  usual  with  persons  of  his  order;  he  was 
consequently  appointed  a  county  magistrate  of 
Morayshire,  and  agent  or  factor  to  the  Duke  of 
Gordon.  Hence  the  rhyme  celebrating  his  plu- 
ralities :  — 

*'  The  belted  knight  o'  Thornton 
And  factor  to  his  Grace ; 
And  Maister  James  Strachan, 
Justice  o'  the  Peace." 


4*8.17,  JwLr  17, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


55 


The  onlj  boh  of  thia  reverend  baronet  became 
u  Jeenit  priest.  On  his  death  the  bamnelcj  de- 
Tolved  OD  the  next  heir  male,  a  post-captAin  in 
die  navy.  This  gentleman  was  succeedea  bj  his 
nephew,  Sir  Richard  John  Strachan,  sixth  baronet 
of  Thomton,  who  died  on  Feb.  3,  1828.  Since 
Ida  death  the  baronetcy  has  been  dormant  Se- 
Teisl  mambera  of  the  btrachen  family  are  settled 
in  Abeideenahire  j  others  reside  in  London. 


Bedlah  Beooabs  and  Rosemary. — laKinfi 
Ltar,  Act  n.  Sc.  3,  Edgar  describes  these  be^ars 
•i  Btickiog  in  their  arms  (with  other  things) 


— Was  the  use  of  this  compound, 
1  to  the  very  vulgar  or  to  children 
and  their  Dursee,  ever  general  in  England ;  and 
if  so,  whenwBS  it  superseded  by  the  present  tennF 
Weoater  gives  Forby  as  his  authority  for  the 
word.  What  is  the  date  of  this  writer,  and  where 
in  his  works  is  the  word  to  be  found  P  *  The  only 
inatance  I  know  of  the  occurrence  of  the  word 
bitmble  (let  no  one  maliciously  quote  Charles 
Dickena  aguuat  me)  ia  in  that  line  of  Chaucer's  — 

"And  Bi  th«  bilore  Lumbleth  in  tbe  mire"  ; 
and  yet  the  Greek  $aft$at  which  was  applied  to 
the  sound  made  by  bees,  and  of  which  the  root 
homb  is  8<ud  to  be  formed  by  onomatopceia  to 
represent  any  buzang  or  booming  sound,  would 
■eem  tole^timate  bumble,  to  the  excliuiou  of  the 
supposed  intruder  humble  used  in  the  same  eeose. 
For,  although  it  may  be  urged  that  this  latter 
ezpreasea  the  humming  sound  of  beea  (whence  the 
Germao  hummel),  yet  the  insertion  of  the  b  (I  am 
gniltleas  of  intending  a  pun)  requires  explanation; 
■nd  it  would  look  as  if  the  genuine  word  hum 
hsd  been  engrafted  on  the  final  syllable  of  bumble, 
of  which  bomb  was  the  root.  1  find  that  Walker, 
in  hit  edition  of  Johnson,  after  directing  that 
A»<inifc(hmnilis)  be  pronounced  without  aspiration, 
absurdly  pronounces  in  the  same  way  the  same 
combinalJon  of  letters  in  humble-bee,  as  if  this 
also  had  the  same  root,  and  were  not  derived, 
whether  by  false  analogy  or  no,  from  hum. 

W.  B.  C. 
The  Bi;rial  of  the  Kufos  of  Fbahce  before 
THE  SREAT  Revolctios  OF  1789.— In  France  on 
the  eve  of  the  great  Revolution  flVance,  IloUand, 
and  the  Netherlands.  By  Admiral  Sir  George 
Collier.      Edited   by   bia   Grand- daughter,   Mrs. 

[■  Tkt  rocabuiarj/  of  Fail  Anglta,  by  Rotert  Forby, 
iii3vaI>.lSmo,  appeared  in  ihejeaiB  1830,  1858.] 


Charles  Tennant    London,  1866,  p.  20^  the  fol- 
lowing custom  is  narrated :  — 

"We  contianed  our  joumej  tbroagh  Luxanlhe  and 
£conen  to  St.  Dennia,  the  barial-plaee  of  the  klngi  of 
France  and  Ibe  rojal  fainil}-.  It  wh  in  1T7S  wlun  I 
wag  there,  »Bd  Louis  SIV.  was  then  nohnriBdjit  being 
I  the  custom  not  to  inter  one  king  till  hii  gnccenor  dies. 
'  The  reason  of  this  I  never  could  laam." 

Perhaps  some  contributor  may  throw  aome  li^t 
upon  this  very  strange  practice,  and  what  was  th« 
reason  of  it  G.  Mokbis. 

Bloomabiiry. 

EiTLOGiDM  OH  Chathak.— Was  Grattan  the 
author  of  the  eulogium  upon  the  firat  Earl  of 
Chatham,  commeudng  "  The  secreta^  stood  alone. 
Original  and  imaccommodating,  the  ^tnres  of  his 
character  possessed  all  the  nardihood  of  anti- 
quity "  P  If  80,  where  ia  it  to  be  found  in  any 
collection  of  bis  speeches  P  Bab-Poiki. 

Philadelphia. 

Civil  Wak. — Who  was  the  editor  or  compiler 
of  the  following  P — 

"  A  Deecription  of  the  .  .  .  Siegss  end  Battlss  in  tlie 
Nortb  or  JCnglacd  ....  during  tbe  Civil  War  in  1642-S, 
&C.  .  •  .  Memoire  of  GeneTBl  Fairfax,  and  James  Earl 
of  Derby  :  to  which  is  added  the  Lite  of  Oliver  Crom- 
welt :  likewise  an  impartial  History  of  the  KebeUions  In 
....  1716  sad  I74fi.  Bolton :  piinl^  by  G.  Drake. 
1786."    8vo.  pp.476. 

The  copy  before  me  contains,  at  p.  203,  "An 
Exact  Representation  of  the  Execution  of  James 
Earl  of  Derby,  at  Bolton,  1651."— "G.Taylor  del. 
Bolton  " ;  and  at  p.  211,  a  portrait  of  "  O.  Crom- 
well"—"G.Taylor  del,  G.  Barlow  sculp.  London." 
The  pages  from  87  to  108  are  occumed  by  "A 
Genuine  Account  of  the  Taking  of  Braaford,  copied 
r _  — — 'icript  written  by  Joseph  Lister,  who 


thereof.  A  comparison  with 
pp.  7-27  of  Mr.  Thomas  Wright's  Aulobiogr<q>hu 
of  Joieph  Litter,  of  Bradford  (Load.  18421  will 
show  that  the  former  account  ia  much  altered 
irom  the  original.  W.  C.  B, 

The  Coubt  ih  1784.— In  what  works  am  I 
likely  to  find  the  largest  collection  of  Court 
gossip  and  scandal  for  thia  yeaiP  I  am  anxioua 
to  find  a  notice  of  a  marriage  which  took  place  in 
London  at  this  date.  F.  M.  S. 

DiBBEHTiifa  Bells. — In  an  account  of  the  open- 
ing of  the  magnificent  new  Unitarian  church  at 
Todmorden,  Lancashire,  on  April  14,  1869,  the 
papers  say — "A  beautiful  peal  of  eight  bells  rang 
out  a  jubilant  welcome,  and  flags  were  hung  out 
from  the  belfry  windows."  Is  this  the  first 
instance  of  dissenting  bells  P  I  think  not,  for  I 
believe  that  in  the  West  of  Englanda  bell  is  oftan 
an  adjunct  to  Methodist  and  other  chapels.  And 
I  hare  heard  that  "peals"  of  bells  are  attached 
to  several  of  the  recently  constructed  Roman  Ca- 
tholic lurches.  S. 


56 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Cartolabibs,  btc.  op  pArEiwHAst  Abbei 
AMD  DAVHfOTON  PEroBT. — In  the  Caliectanee 
Topoip-^hica  ef  Omeabffica,  vol.  i.  p.  203,  is  thf' 
followmg  foot-note: — 

■  "  Weaver  cites  a  earlulaiy  of  Feveriilinm  in  the  Cotton 
Libruy.  It  is  noc  (bere  at  premnt.  It  ia  BBid  thai 
Jsmea,  the  librarian  lo  Sir  Rgberl  Cotton,  took  the  liberty 
of  lending  Sir  Uoberfa  MSS.  U)  iphomsoevcr  he  pleaeed, 
Thlaiaactue  to  the  1o!h  of  those  nbich  are  not  in  Smith's 
Catato^e,  but  it  appears  that  some  nere  not  restored 
wliich  were  lent  afterwnrdi  by  Sir  T.  Cotton,  as  may  be 
proved  by  his  book  ofloans  in"  the  British  Museom." 

00  p.  200  it  is  queried  that  tlie  cartulary  of 
Daviiigiion  iB  in  tbe  poaaeaaion  of  Sir  John  I'llmer ; 
the  owner  of  the  priory  therefore  wrote  to  the 
present  baronet,  Sir  Edmund  Filmer,  who  iu 
nnaver  (Feb.  3,  ISOl)  a«ya,  "I  cannot  find  nny 
book  Buswering  your  description." 

1  shall  be  f^lad  to  hear  if  the  whereAbouts  of 
these  cnrtulftiies  is  known,  and  at  the  same  time 
I  should  be  obliged  to  anyone  who  can  refer  mo 
to  unpublished  MSS.  containing-  information  re- 
lating to  these  religious  houses.  Late  in  the  last 
century  there  were  remaining  three  old  buildings 
within  the  precincts  ofFsverBham  Abbey,  and  the 
refectory  orDaTington  Friory.  I  am  anxious  to 
see  engravings  or  drawings  of  tbem.  Can  your 
readers  refer  me  to  any  work  containing  what  I 
SM  in  search  of?  I  have  consulted  in  vain  local 
and  county  histories — Buck,  Grose,  and  Pennant. 

GGob<3e  Bedo. 
C,  Pnlross  Road,  Brixton, 

Hbsaldic.  —  Will   any    of  the    readers    of 
"N.  &  Q."  inform  me  whose  arms  are  these  — 
Oulea  three  women's  busts  (faces),  2  and  1  or  P 
H.  Q.  L. 

HOKBYCEILD. —  There  is  a  very  andent  manor- 
house  called  the  Manor  of  Honeychild,  nsar  to  St. 
Mary's  in  the  neighbourhood  of  New  Romney, 
occupied  by  William  Dering  Walker,  Esq.,  J.P. 
for  the  coun^  of  Kent.  The  manor  belongs  to 
Sir  Edward  Cholmelev  Dering,  Bart.,  of  Surrenden 
Dering,  near  AshforG,  and  M  Grosvenor  Place, 
Hyde  Park  Comer.  Can  vou  throw  any  light 
on  the  date  or  meaning  of  the  word  Honeychild? 
SomeUraes  old  copper  coins  have  been  found  in 
the  fields  adjacent.  I  have  written  to  Mr.  W.  D.  I 
Walker  for  one,  and  will  forward  it  to  \our  office ; 
it  may  aid  antique  inquiry.     Thomas  jBcsbtjby. 

jAlfRT  Little. — Who  was  "  .lanet  Little,  the 
Scotch  milkmaid,"  whose  poetical  works  were 
published  at  Ayr  in  1792  ?  Was  she  a  genuine 
milkmaid  or  railkwoman,  like  Ann  Yearsley  of 
Bristol,  whose  poems  appeared  about  the  same 
date  under  the  auspices  of  Hannah  More  P 

A.  J.  M. 

To  Lie undee  a  Mistake— Who  was  the 

originator  of  this  not  veiy  brilliant  joke  P  It  haa 
been  perpetrated,  and  perhaps  independently,  by 


two  very  brilliant  writers,  Byron  and  Be  Quincey ; 
did  it  originate  with  the  former  ?     Here  are  the 


Led  by  lome  tottnoiity  of  mind 

Xot  to  believe  my  verse  and  their  own  eyi 
'  "^  —  """It  they  the  moral  cannot  find. 


If  htm, 


^lei^-m 


Should  captaini 

Tbey  also  lie  u 

(Byron,  Don  Juan,  cuiiui  i.  m.  ivo.) 
"Yon  are  tempted,  after  \Tatking  round  aline  (of  Mil- 
ton's) threescore  times,  to  exclaim  at  last-'  Well,  if  the 
Fiend  himself  should  rise  up  before  me  at  this  very 
moment,  in  this  very  study  of  mine,  and  sav  that  no 
screw  was  loose  in  that  line,  then  would  1  reply  i  Sir,  with 

due  submission,  you  are .'      'What!     suppose  the 

Fiend  suddenly  to  demand  in  thunder,  ■  What  am  I  ?  ' 
'  Horribly  wrong,'  yon  wish  excee<linRlj'  to  say;  bat,  re- 
colleeCing  that  some  people  are  choleric  in  aigumeat,  yon 
conline  yourself  to  the  polite  answer — '  That,  with  duer- 


1  word  t 


n,  yoi 


ipon  in  talking 
'  under  a  sli^cht. 
'  Milton    veriai   , 


^end,  and  you  hasten  to  add— 
vtry  alight  mistake.'"— On  Quinciy ; 
Southey  and  Landor.") 


Maxiu  ATTRimilSD  TO  RoCEBFOtrCAnlB.  — 
"We  should  live  with  our  friends  as  if  tbey 
would  one  day  become  our  enemies."  Is  this 
maxim  in  Rochefoucauld  P  It  occurs  in  Sophocles, 
Atat  MmTTiyo^ipei,  604:  — 

TiwaSfl'  Irrovpyir  iipt\tui  Sov\iiao)iai, 
i,,  alir  oi  ,utK>i«^. 

Maokemiib  K  C,  Walooti,  B.D^  F.S.A, 
Mbballic. — I  have  a  silver  medal,  rather  less 
than  Ilorin  size,  of  which  the  following  is  a  de- 
scription. Can  any  of  yout  readers  tell  me  who 
is  the  person  intended  to  be  commemorated  by  it, 
and  the  signification  of  the  design  on  the  re- 
Ob.  :  A  female  head  in  profile,  letter  N  under- 
neath, "  ANNA  .  MARIA  .  CnmSI  .  DEEPHIJTA." 
_  Rev. :  "  *  ivx  *  VNA  *  tbibvs  *,"  and  within  a 
circle  a  star  of  five  points,  surrounded  by  rays, 
which  strike  down  upon  a  group  of  buildings  sur- 
mounted by  n  dome.  In  a  row,  on  the  ground- 
three  crowns  of  different  patterns ;  in  the  exerjrue 
1000.  W.  H.  P. 

Belfast. 

MiLTOS.  —  Is  there  any  authentic  portrwt  of 
Milton  when  blind?  I  believe  I  have  one  by 
Cooper.  J.  C.  J.' 

Patne. — Wanted,  particulars  respecting  Payne, 
called  the  father  of  English  water-colour  paining. 
I  have  two  of  his  sketches.  F.  S.  A. 

Saxon  Cuticle  on  a  Chubch-dooe.  —  I  Have 
been  asked  to  identify  the  place  where  the  follow- 
ing  discover}-  was   made   not   many   years   agn. 


4««'  S.  IV.  Jolt  17,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


Upon  the  church-door  in  a  certain  East  Anglian 
parish  a  shred  of  leather  had  long  hung,  which, 
upon  investigation,  microscopical  and  archaeolo- 
fficaly  was  declared  to  he  the  dried  skin  of  some 
Saxon  villein  (!)  who  had  been  nailed  by  the  ear. 
When,  where,  and  how  this  peculiar  discovery 
was  made  I  have  yet  to  learn.  C.  J.  R. 

Velocipedes. — Where  and  when  were  these 
machines  first  used  or  spoken  of  ?  In  a  letter  of 
Bettina  von  Amim  (**  the  child";  vide  passitn, 
Mr.  Lewes's  Life  of  Goethe  *)  to  her  brother  Cle- 
mens Brentano,  I  find  the  following  remark  : — 

"This  match  is  a  work  of  Grandmama  [Sophie  von 
Laroche,  a  celebrated  German  novelist  of  the  last  cen- 
tury,  the  friend  of  Wieland].    A  short  time  ago  the 
lady  in  question  met  at  her  house  this  Herr  von  Drais, 
just  as  he  was  trying  in  front  of  it  a  draisine  [Bettina 
Menu  to  coin  the  word  here  sur-le-champit  a  kind  of  seat 
•with  wheels,  which  Herr  von.Drais  moves  along  with  his 
hands  and  feet."    (  Vide  Clemens  Brentano's  Fruhlings- 
kranz  aus  Jugendbriefen  ihm  geflochten,      2   vojs.  1844. 
Vol.  L  p.  107.) 

Unfortunately,  these  letters  are  not  dated 
(months  or  days  excepted),  dates  of  years  being 
A  weakness  of  Bettina'sj  but  from  other  evi- 
dences, it  is  to  be  conjectured  that  the  letter  al- 
luded to  was  written  in  1802  or  1803. 

Hermann  Kindt. 
Germany. 

"  When  my  Etestbings  break  in  Death." — 
This  line  occurs  in  Toplady*s  beautiful  hymn, 
*'  Bock  of  A^es."  What  is  the  exact  force  or 
meaning  of  tne  expression  ?  and  where  did  he 
get  the  phrase?  Was  it  a  common  one  in  his 
dav  ?   Now  we  never  would  use  it.  Z. 


Whittxitg  ton's  Shield  op  Arms  and  Stone. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  what  has  become 
of  the  stone  bearing  the  arms  of  Whittington, 
formerly  in  one  of  the  walls  of  Christ's  Hospital  ? 
It  was  in  the  possession  of  the  late  Mr.  JS.  B. 
Price,  F.S.A.,  and  was  sold  ^vith  the  rest  of  his 
mtiquities  in  1852.  T.  F.  Falkner. 

[At  the  dispersion  of  the  antiquities  of  the  late  Edward 

Bedford  Price,  F.S.A.,  at  Puttick's  on  April  7,  1853,  this 

medlfsral  City  relic  passed  into  the  collection  of  Mr.  W, 

H.  Ibbett,  a  dealer  in  articles  of  t'lWw,  now  of  Jewin  Street, 

Aldersgate  Street,  who  parted  with  it  to  some  unknown 


•  u 


We  must  pause  awhile  to  consider  this  strange 
flgare,  who  fills  a  larger  space  in  the  literaiy  history  of 
the  nin^eenth  century  than  any.  other  German  woman. 
Every  one  knows  *  the'child*  Bettina  Brentano—  daughter 
of  the  Maximiliane  Brentano  [nee  Laroche],  with  whom 
Goethe  flirted  at  Frankfurt  in  the  Werther  days— wife  of 
Achlm  von  Amim,  the  worshipper  of  Goethe  and  Beetho- 
ren— for  some  time  the  privileged  favourite  of  the  King 
of  Pnaasia— and  writer  of  that  %vild,  but  by  no  means 
vtracioas  book,  Ooethe'»  Correspondence  with  a  ChUdJ* 
(Vide  Life  of  Goethe,  I  ed.  1855  ;  vol.  ii.  pp.  360—371.) 


customer  about  three  years  ago.  It  certainly  ought  to 
have  been  deposited  in  the  library  and  museum  of  the 
City  of  London.  The  western  walk  of  the  cloisters  of  the 
monastery  of  Grey  Friars  in  Newgate  Street  was  under 
the  Great  Hall,  pulled  down  in  1827,  as  was  Whittington's 
library  at  the  same  time.  The  shield  of  Whittugton, 
within  a  quatrefoil,  was  inserted  in  various  parts  of  the 
building.  An  etching  of  the  stone  from  the  library  of 
Grey  Friars,  a.d.  1421,  is  printed  in  the  Chronicle  of  the 
Grey  Friars,  edited  for  the  Camden  Society  by  Mr.  John 
Gough  Nichols  in  1862. 

Whilst  en  this  celebrated  memorial  we  mav  as  well 
record  in  our  pages  the  inscription  on  the  restored  stone, 
the  fifth  we  believe  (see  "  N.  &  Q. '  1»«  S.  ix.  501 ;  x.  234), 
recently  erected  at  the  foot  of  Uighgate  Hill,  so  lovingly 
has  the  memory  of  Whittington  been  cherished,  where,  as 
some  fondly  imagine,  the  runaway  apprentice  sat  listening 
to  the  Bow  bells  of  Cheap.  The  present  stone  has  been 
replaced  by  Mr.  Richard  Perkins,  proprietor  of  the  Whit- 
tington-stone  Tavern,  at  the  expense  of  40/. —  a  noble 
act,  for  which  our  worthy  host  merits  the  gratitude  of  all 
our  local  antiquaries.  It  has  been  re-faced,  and  enclosed  in 
an  oval  plinth  carrying  an  iron  railing  supporting  a  very 
handsome  lamp.    The  inscription  is  as  follows :  — 

**  May,  1869. 
Whittington  Stone. 

Sir 

Richard  Whittington, 

Thrice  Lord  Mayor 

of  London. 

1397 Richard  Ilnd. 

1406 Henry  IVth. 

1420 Henry  Vth. 

Sheriff  in  1393. 

This  stone  was  restored. 

The  railing  fixed  and  lamp  erected 

At  the  sole  expense  of 

R,  Perkins— 1869. 

W.  Mills,  Fecit." 
At  each  end  of  the  stone  are  the  letters  **  S.  M.  1. 1821," 
the  date  of  the  third  stone  erected  by  the  parochial  au- 
thorities of  St.  Mary's,  Islington,  in  that  year.  In 
Hewitt's  Northern  Heights  of  London  is  an  excellent  en- 
graving  of  the  Whittington  Stone  and  the  Lazar  House, 
from  an  old  print  by  Chatelaine,  now  in  the  possession  of 
J.  E.  Gardner,  Esq.  ] 

"  Hauled  over  the  Coals."  —  Speaking  of  a 
man  having  been  reprimanded,  it  is  often  said 
that "  be  has  been  hauled  over  the  coals.'*  In 
Fuller's  History  of  the  Holy  JFarre,  1G39,  book  v. 
chap.  ii.  these  words  occur :  — 

"  If  they  should  say  the  Templars  were  burned  wrong- 
fully, they  may  be  fetched  over  the  coals  themseives  for 
charging  his  Holinesse  so  deeply.'* 

Is  this  any  clue  to  the  expression  ? 

J.  XI.  J. 

[This  adage  has  been  already  noticed  in  "X.  &  Q." 
1*^  S.  viii.  280,  524.  Jamieson,  in  his  Scottisfi  Dictionary^ 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[I-^S-IV.  JuLrl7,'69. 


'  Bat  til 
Brought  m 


Bthattr 


coale  fu'  fiBt 


Forbea*A  Dominie  DtjK$'d,  p.  35- 
"Thi»phT«e  uadoabtedlj- refen,  either  to  the  absurd 
appeal  to  the  JBdRinBOt  of  God,  in  timea  of  popeiy,  by 
canMDgonoaeiuMdof  aeriiaeto  pargB  himself  by  walk- 
ing throogh  bumiag  plonghsharea  ;  or  to  the  «till  moie 
ancientenstODi.appBTeDtly  of  Druidicilorigui,  of  makiag 
men  or  cattle  pasi  through  Baal'i  fire."] 

BanJKLBT.^Who  and  what  were  the  parents 
of  Dr.  John  Brinkleyj  Bishop  of  Cloyne  ?  Did 
Dot  bia  mother  survive  her  first  huaband  imd 
marrj  agaio  ?     If  so,  to  whom  ?  W.  U.  B. 

[The  first  husband  of  Bishop  Brinkley's  mother  was 
John  Brinkley,  a  journeymnn  carpenter  of  Woodbridge 
in  Suflblk.  It  appears,  howersr,  that  the  Bishop  was  a 
natural  son  by  an  offieer  quartered  at  that  place.  (Addit. 
MS.  19,120,  p.  238,  Brit.  Mnaeam.)  His  mother  waa 
arterwarda  married  to  a  Mr.  Bonlter,  and  >he  died  at 
WUby  in  Suflblk  on  March  24, 1829,  aged  uinely-two. 
On  a  tomb  at  Woodbridge  is  [he  following  notiee  of 
another  member  of  the  Brinkley  family ;  — 

"  Elizabeth  the  wife  of  Thomas  Biinkley  died  24  Feb. 
lT3D,(ged  30. 

"  The  dauie  that  takes  her  rest  within  this  tomb, 
Had  Bachel'9  face,  and  Leah's  IVuitful  womb  ; 
Abigail'a  wiadom,  Lydia's  faithful  heart, 
Martha's  just  care,  and  Mary's  belter  part.''] 

CoHUOK  Hun 

can  kindly  supply  tht 
Common  Hunt,  to  whom,  with  othera,  Sir  John 
Oresham  left  "a  fine  Hack  gown  "  for  hiafunerai. 
It  appears  that  Sir  John,  who  had  tilled  the  ofBce 
of  Lord  Mayor,  died  in  1556.  Th.  Sa. 

[Thomaa  Abbot  held  the  office  of  Common  Hunt  at 
this  time,  having  succeeded  Burton.  Abbot  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Thomaa  UoderhiU,  citizen  and  goldsmith.  ] 

Sir  James  Ttrbbl.  —  I  shall  be  glad  to  be  in- 
formed where  I  can  find  the  best  account  of  Sir 
James  Tyirel,  who  wns  implicated  in  the  murder 
of  the  princes  in  the  Tower.  Sir  James  was  exe- 
cuted, I  tbiolc,  in  the  year  150G.  Any  particulars 
relating  to  his  immediate  descendants  would  also 
be  of  interest,  and  might  throw  some  light  on  the 
building  (perhaps  in  the  year  165(f^  of  tbe  beau- 
tiful "  chapelle  expiatoire  "  at  Gipping  in  Suffolk. 
I  am  already  acquainted  with  Hollings worth's 
Hittory  of  StoTcmarket,  and  with  tbe  Darr  and 
Jermyn  MSS.  W.  tl.  S. 

[Sir  James  Tvrrel  of  Uipping,  oo.  Suffolk,  knighted 
July  6, 1483,  was  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill,  ila;  6,  1502, 
together  with  his  brother.  Sir  Thomas  Tyrrel.  Tbcr*  is 
an  excellent  pedigree  of  Ihia  family  in  Berr3''s  Ooimtj/ 
Gemcalogia,  Eita,  p.  67,  Ac  Consult  also  Davy's  Suf- 
folk Pedigrees,  Addit.  MS.  19,152,  p.  245,  kc;  Burke's 


I  Extinct  Barotutage,  edition  1844,  p.  B36;  and  Fnllac'i 
Wortiia,  ed.  1S4D,  1.  32B.] 

JcDOES  AT  St.  Paul's.  —  Can  any  of  youi 
readers  oblige  me  with  the  date  and  the  occasion 
on  which  the  judges  annually  attend  divine  ser- 
vice at  St.  Paul's  Cathedral?  I  believe  it  is  in 
the  early  part  of  the  year,  perhapa  at  Eaater  or 
WhitHuntide,  but  should  like  to  be-  fumishBd 
with  exact  references.  C.  W.  S. 

[Formerly  the  jndgea  atteuded  divine  service  at  St. 
Paul's  on  the  first  Sunday  in  each  of  the  four  terms ;  bnt 
of  late  years  only  on  Ihe  first  Sunday  in  Easter  and 
•Trinity  terms  in  the  months  of  April  and  May.  For  the 
programme  of  the  ceremonial  of  procession,  see  The  Cert- 
numlali  to  be  niterred  hi/  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldtmex, 
Sheriff,,  and  OgUeri  of  the  City  nf  London,  p.  100,  8to, 
1851),    Privately  printed  for  the  Corporation.) 


STOXEUESGE  AND  CARNAC. 

(i-  s.  iv.  1.) 

I  Your  correspondent  Oakon  Jacksok,  in  his  in- 
tense zeal  to  discover  "  a  key  to  fit  a  very  rusty  old 
lock,"  has  unconsciously  invaded  the  sanctum  and 
I  appropriated  the  property  of  another.  At  the  dose 
'.  of  the  last  century,  the  theory  be  has  hit  upon 
respecting  the  origin  of  Stonehenge  was  pro- 
pounded by  Henry  Wansey,  the  Wiltshire  clotlier 
and  antiquary ;  who,  supposing  the  monument  to 
be  unique,  concluded  that  it  was  erected  in  order 
to  perpetuate  tbe  treachery  of  Hengist,  a.d.  460. 
But  similar  structures  are  scattered  all  over  the 
world  —  in  the  northern  and  couthem  parts  of 
Europe;  in  Central  Arabia;  in  Palestine  and 
Syria;  in  Persia;  in  the  northern,  soutbera,  and 
western  provinces  of  Hindustan ;  in  Northern 
Africa;  in  North  and  South  America;  inOceanica; 
in  South  Australia;  and  probably  in  many  other 
places,  but  which  do  not  recur  to  my  mind  at  this 
moment.  The  prevailing — and,  as  I  believe,  tbe 
correct — view  respecting  them  is.  that  they  were 
all  connected  with  Sabean  worship :  in  a  word, 
they  are  temphs  nf  the  Sun.  In  1858  Dr.  Thur- 
nam  may  be  said  to  have  placed  the  fact  of  Stone- 
henge having  been  designed  for  such  a  purpose 
beyond  all  reasonable  debate. 

"  He  had  walehed  the  rising  of  the  sun  from  '  the  aiUi- 

over  Ihe  lop  of  the  isolated  stone,  which  is  10  II.  high, 
and  about  2O0  It.  distant  from  the  entrance  to  the  temple, 
apparently  intended  to  direct  the  observation,  at  the 
summer  solstice,  to  the  point  of  the  rising  sun.'' 

Emerson,  the  distinguished  American  essayist, 
had  previously  made  a  similar  observation,  and 
has  recorded  it,  I  think,  in  his  English  Trait*. 

If  Stonehen(fe,  then,  was  a  temple  devoted  to 
solar  worship,  its  antiquity  extends  farther  back 


4«>»  S.  IV.  July  17,  *6».] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


59 


than  the  Saxon,  the  Koman,  and  even  the  Druid- 
ical  era.  The  fact  of  so  many  tumuli  surrounding 
it  afforda  no  clue  whatever  to  the  date  of  its  erec- 
tion. Within  its  area  human  remains  have  been 
sought  for  in  vain  — a  circumstance  that  militates 
strongly  ac^nst  the  sepulchral  theory  of  Wansey. 
Long  alter  such  temples  vfeTH  ahandoned  by 
their  worshippers,  or  the  latter  had  been  swept 
from  the  face  of  the  earth,  the  sacredness  of  a 
sanctuary  attached  to  each ;  and  the  heathen  de- 
votee, whether  a  follower  of  the  Baalim  or  not, 
was  actuated  by  a  superstition  akin  to  that  of  the 
Christian  in  mediaeval  times,  and  believed  that  his 
gods  would  accord  him  a  more  ready  acceptance 
in  Elysium  if  his  body  was  deposited  in  imme- 
diate proximity  to  a  spot  which  had  been  specially 
dedicated  to  religious  uses.  Abstractedly,  he  per- 
ceived Uttle  difference  between  one  class  of  Mauz- 
ximand  another :  in  his  facile  j  udgment,  each  and 
all  were  protectors  of  erratic  mortality. 

A  stronger  reason  than  the  above  can  be  ad- 
duced against  the  revived  theory  of  Wansey.  The 
country,  and  more   especially  the   southern  and 
western  parts  of  it,  was  in  much  too  troubled  a 
state  at  the  period  in  question  to  admit  of  such 
an  undertaking  as   the   megalithic  structure   of 
Stonehenge.     The  granite    of  which  the  inner 
circle  of  stones  (originally  thirty  in  number,  and 
weighing  several  hundred  tons)  is  composed  must 
have  been  brought  a  distance  of  a  hundred  miles 
at  the  least^ — most  probably  from  the  high-lands 
of  Dartmoor.    That  district,  at  all  events,  is  the 
nearest  source  of  the  primary  rock.     How  such  an 
astonishing  feat  as  this  could  have  been  performed 
at  such  a  time,  is  a  question  for  the  learned  and 
ingenious  Canon,  and  those  who  are  disposed  to 
accept  his  view,  to  determine.    In  this  endeavour, 
Geoffrey  of  Monmouth,  I  fear,  will  not  avail  them ; 
for  when  that  apt  disciple  of  Merlin  wrote,  in  the 
troablous  days  of  king  Stephen,  the  antiquity  of 
the  monument  was  already  involved  in  a  haze  of  ^ 
iable.    His  lucubrations  will  bear  no  better  inter- 
pretation.    The  simple  fact  of  the   Saxons  dis- 
tinguishing the  structure  by  no  better  appellation 
than  "the  hanging-stones"  justifies  the  presump- 
tion that,  at  the  period  of  their  advent  in  tne 
oonntry,  all  knowledge  of  its  origin  and  inten- 
tion had  passed  away.     It  is  a  noteworthy  fact 
also,  that  the  Saxon  Chronicle  is  utterly  silent  on 
the  subject  of  its  buildinsr.     On  the  contrary,  the 
historical  Triads  of  the  Welsh  represent  that  the 
raising  of  "  Maen  Ketti "  was  one  of  the  three 
great  labours  undertaken  by  the  primitive  in- 
habitants of  the  island — our  much-abused  Keltic 
progenitors. 

Twenty  years  ago  the  late  Dr.  .John  Williams, 
the  learned  Archdeacon  of  Cardigan,  was  con- 
flidered  a  Cyclops  indeed  for  contending  that  He- 
eatsBus,  the  Milesian,  who  flourished  in  the  sixth 
century  B.C.,  had  aptly  described  the  old  monu- 


ment on  Salisbury  Plain,  and  the  religious  ser- 
vices performed  there  in  honour  of  Apollo.  What, 
it  was  asked,  could  pinked  and  painted  savages, 
inhabitants  of  this  western  Sandwich  Isle,  know 
about  a  Grecian  or  any  other  classical  divinity  ? 
The  detection  of  a  very  little  woad  sufficed  to 
quench  the  poor  Doctor's  hyperborean  proclivities. 
The  ratio  jtistifica  was  demolished  by  the  ratia 
suasoria.    At  the  dawn  of  history  and  civilisation, 
Grecian  wariiors  might  bedaub  their  persons  with 
pigments,  mineral   and  vegetable,   and    Roman 
imperators   follow  the  example :   a   little   pink 
and  vermilion  detracted  not  at  all  from  the  per- 
sonal charms  or  the  exclusive  pretensions  of  na- 
tions located  in  the  east  and  south  of  Europe ;  but 
a  little  purple  that  was  in  vogue  amongst  the 
people  in  the  west  at  the  same  period  was  de- 
cidedly a  sign  of  vulgarity  and  barbarism !  Truth, 
remarks  Tacitus,  is  confirmed  by  inspection  and 
delay.     Prof.  Nillson,  the  Danish  antiquary,  has- 
adopted,  wittingly  or  unwittingly  matters  little,  the 
main  conclusion  of  Williams.    He  assigns  500  B.o. 
as  the  most  probable  date  of  the    Stonehenge 
erection  j  and  this  quadrature  of  the  old  Salisbury 
circle  is  very  generally  recognised  by  savans  at 
home,  as  well  as  abroad.     The  Professor  further 
supposes  that  some  designs  (similar  to  the  figurea 
that  embellish   the   sepulchral   grottos  of  i^ew 
Grange  and  Dowth  in  Ireland)   were  originally 
carved  upon  the  surface  of  the  stones,  but  they 
have  been   destroyed   by  the  action  of  the  at- 
mosphere. How  he  pretends  to  reconcile  this  last- 
mentioned  supposition  with  the  division  of  the 
unchronicled  past  into  Stone,  Bronze,  and  Iron 
epochs,  is  more  than  I  know.     Manifestly  such 
carvings  (not   to  mention  the  tenons  and  mor- 
tices)  could  never  have  been  executed  by  any 
other  than  iron  tools ;  and  this  little  circumstance 
alone  is  sufficient  to  explode  the  popular  but 
empirical  notion  that  originated  with  nis  countnr- 
men,  touching  the  order  or  development  of  tne 
primitive  manual  arts — in  our  quarter  of  Europe. 
With  regard  to  the  origin  and  purpose  of  Car- 
nac,  on  the  coast  of  Britanny,  I  have  little  to  add 
beyond  the   fact  that  similar  paralellitha  (but 
upon  a  very  inferior  scale)  are  to  be  seen  on  the 
heights  of  Dartmoor,  and  in  such  situations  as  to 
lead  to  any  other  supposition  than  that  which 
connects  them  with  sepulchres.  They  also  abound 
in  every  other  country,  in  the  East  as  well  as  the 
West,    that    is   distinguished   for    its   so-called 
"  Druidical  '*  remains.     From  their  proximity  to 
the  old  British  ciarms,  where  the  charioteer  ac- 
quired that  dexterity  in  the  manajrement  of  his 
team  which  so  much  astonished  Caesar  and  his 
legions,  I  feel  half  inclined  to  the  opinion  that 
they  were    designed    for    cognate  sports;    that 
they  were  not  improbably  goals  to  which    pe- 
destrians in  a  race   returned,   or  from   whence 
they  started.     But  be  this  as  it  may,  it  is  diffi- 


60 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»^»S.IV.  JuLYl7,'6d. 


cult  indeed  to  conceive  that  the  straggling  stones 
of  Carnac  —  extending  originally  far  beyond  a 
mile — were  intended  to  perpetuate  the  alleged 
miserable  end  of  the  fair  princess  Ursula  and  her 
10,999  maiden  attendants,  as  suggested  by  Canon 
Ja-CKSON.*  Had  the  terrible  catastrophe,  which 
he  has  depicted  in  appropriate  language,  hap- 
pened at  all,  or  on  the  coasts  of  Britanny,  in 
that  case  there  would  have  been  no  Fluellin,  a 
few  centuries  later,  to  compare  the  rivers  of 
Macedon  and  Monmouth ;  the  pedigrees  of  Welsh- 
men (to  whose  nation  it  is  my  happiness  to  belong), 
would  have  been  more  effectually  cut  off  than  by 
the  waters  of  the  Deluge ;  in  fine,  the  race  of 
the  Cymry  would  have  been  as  completely  ex- 
tinguished as  the  dodo  in  the  eastern,  or  the  moa 
in  the  southern  hemisphere. 

Let  those  who  are  not  as  yet  disinclined  to 
adopt  the  old  wives*  fable  of  fet.  Ursula  and  her 
yirgins,  noble  and  plebeian,  compare  the  Antiqui- 
totes  of  Usher,  and  the  Britannia  of  Camden,  with 
the  Compendium  of  Johannes  Trithemius;  whence 
they  will  learn  that  this  goodly  company  of  vir- 
gins had  children;  all  of  whom  —  mothers  and 
progeny  indiscriminately— were  martyred  in  two 
places  at  once,  five  hundred  miles  apart,  and  by 
various  hordes  of  barbarians  which  never  met,  or 
possibly  could  have  confronted  each  other!  In 
the  estimation  of  some  folks,  these  may  be  but 
**  slight  discrepancies ; "  they  are  not  so  in  mine. 

w.  w.  w. 

OUR  END  LINKED  TO  OUR  BEGINNING. 

(4*'»  S.  iii.  526.) 

Shakespeare  has  this  thought ;  it  occurs  in  the 
following  passages :  — 

•*  This  day  I  breathed  first :  time  is  come  round, 
And  where  I  did  begin,  there  shall  I  end; 
My  life  is  run  his  compass." 

Julius  CasaVf  Act  V,  Sc.  3. 
"  We  are  such  stuff 
As  dreams  are  made  of,  and  our  little  lifc 
Is  rounded  with  a  sleep." 

Tempestt  Act  IV.  Sc.  1 . 

Was  he  indebted  to  Spenser  for  the  idea?     It  is 


•  I  have  a  strong  notion,  that  if  the  long  avenues  of 
Carnac  were  scrutinised  a  little  more  narrowly  by  the 
archffiologist — more  especially  the  several  breaks  or  open- 
ings in  them — the  monument  will  be  found  to  have  been, 
when  in  its  pristine  state,  not  very  disf^imilar  to  that 
which,  happily,  ha .  been  better  preserved  on  the  northern 
shores  of  Africa,  at  Bou-Merzoug,  in  the  province  of  Con- 
stantinc ;  and  which  is  partially  described  and  illustrated 
in  the  third  volume  of  the  JRecueil  Soc,  Archeol.  dv  la 
Const,  pp.  214,  (tc,  18G3.  I  have  appended  this  note 
with  the  hope  that  it  may  fall  under  the  eye  of  some  in- 
tending visitor  to  Britanny  this  season ;  and  who  will  be 
at  the  pains  to  inform  me,  through  the  medium  of 
"  N.  &  Q.,'*  whether  this  conjecture  of  mine  is  well 
founded  or  not.  A  third  and  more  perfect  specimen, 
apparently  belonging  to  the  same  class  of  monuments, 
exists  in  the  Dckhan  of  India. 


found  in  The  Fairy  Queen,  book  3,  canto  6,  where 

the  poet  describes  the  garden  of  Adonis. 

*'  The  first  seminary 
Of  all  things  that  are  borne  to  live  and  dve." 

Stanza  30. 
"  And  doable  gates  it  had  which  opened  wide. 
By  which  both  in  and  out  men  moten  pass; 
Th*  one  faire  and  fresh,  the  other  old  and  dride. 

Stanza  31. 
"  Old  Genius  the  Porter  of  them  was." 

And 

"  Such  as  him  list,  such  as  etemall  fate 
Ordained  hath,  he  clothes  with  sinfuU  mire. 
And  sendeth  forth  to  live  in  mortall  state ; 
Till  they  agavn  return  back  by  the  hinder  gate." 

Stanza  32. 

**  After  that  they  asraine  retoumed  beene. 
They  in  that  gardin  planted  bee  agayne, 
And  grow  afresh,  as  they  had  never  seeue 
Fleshly  corruption,  nor  mortall  payne  ; 
Some  thousand  3'eares  so  doen  they  there  remayne. 
And  then  of  him  are  clad  with  other  hew. 
And  sent  into  the  chaungefnll  world  agayne, 
Till  thether  they  retourne,  where  first  they  grew : 

So  like  a  wheele  around  they  rounefrom  old  to  new." 

Stanza  33. 

King  Lear  contains  a  passage  somewhat  similar 

to  this :  — 

**  The  wheel  is  come  full  circle ;  I  am  here." 

Act  V.  Sc.  3. 

But  the  allusion  here,  as  also  that  in  Twelfth  Night, 

Act  V.  Sc.  1.    *'  Thus  the  whirligig  of  time  brings 

in  his  revenges  " — seems  to  be  to  "  the  giddy  round 

of  Fortune's  wheel  '*  mentioned  in  Lucrcce. 

We  also  find  the  idea  in  Measure  for  Measure, 

Act  III.  Sc.  1 :  — 

"  Merely,  thou  art  death's  fool ; 
For  him  thou  labour'st  by  thy  flight  to  shun 
And  yet  runn^st  toward  him  still" 

And  in  Julius  Ceesar,  Act  V.  Sc.  5  — 

"Night  hangs  upon  mine  eyes;  my  bones  would  rest 
That  have  but  laboured  to  attain  this  hour." 

'    Again  it  may  be  traced  in  MachetKs  address  to 
sleep  — 

"The  death  of  each  day's  life." 

And  in  the  soliloquy  of  Henry  the  Fifth  on  the 
night  before  the  battle,  in  which  each  day's  life  is 
described  as  an  unceasing  round  of  toil  toward 
sleep,  "death's  second  self" — awheel  within  a 
wheel,  revolving  ever. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher  have  it  in  The  Knight 

of  Malta,  Act  III.  Sc.  5  — 

"  Nor  do  I  fear  to  tread  this  dark  black  mansion, 
The  image  of  my  grave ;  each  foot  we  move 
Goes  to  it  still,  each  hour  we  leave  behind 
Knolls  sadly  toward  it.^^ 

Longfellow,  in  A  Psalm  of  Life,  has  a  line,  the 

echo  of  this  — 

"  Art  is  long,  and  Time  is  fleeting. 

And  our  hearts,  though  stout  and  brave. 
Still,  like  muffled  drums,  are  beating 
Funeral  marches  to  the  grare.** 

T.  McGrath. 


4*  8.  IV.  July  17. 


9-] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


In  that  grand  desciiptioQ  of  the  short  and  uD' 
certun  Datura  of  human  life,  given  us  in  tbe'Cflh 
chapter  of  the  "Book  of  Wisdom,"  occura  (verae 
13)  the  following  passage,  forminf^,  as  I  think,  an 
exact  parallel  to  those  noted  bj  Dr.  Bamage  : —  , 
oUrajt  icol  fifuTt  7<iTiefW<t  ifiXitwotini  —  translated 
in  our  version,  "Eren  so  we,  in  like  manner,  as 
soon  as  we  were  bom,  began  to  dravr  to  our  end;  "  . 
and  rendered  b;  Junius  "  Ita  etiam  noa  nati  defe-  | 
cimos,"  Under  some  of  the  Romnn  emperors— 
aone  more  so  than  those  mentioned — the  saying  of 
St.  Paul  waa  applicable  to  almost  every  man  of  I 
mark,  "We  are  al way  delivered  to  death."  The  ' 
reader  of  Suetonius  has  ample  proof  of  this.  And  I 
when  he  finds  him  saying  of  Nero,  "  Lihertos 
divitea  et  senes,  olim  adoptionia,  mox  dominationis  ! 
son  fautores  atque  rectores,  veneno,  partim  cibis,  > 
partim  potion ib us  indito,  intercepit,"  he  will 
&ly  conclude  what  must  have  been  t' 
of  the  tenure  of  human  life. 

Edmttnd  Tew,  M.A. 

Patdung  Rectory. 

Thii  idea  is  also  to  be  found  in  Quevedo ; — 
"  Es.  DiKB.  la  vida  an  dolor,  en  que  !-e  einpi«za  el  de  la 
lla A  1>  par 

W.  R,  Drehnah. 


MORE  FAMILY. 

(4**  S.  ii.  3ti5,  422,  440;  iii.  206.) 
Haviner  examined  the  monument  in  old  Chelsea 
chnnh,  lam  in  a  position  to  assert,  very  confi- 
dently, that  the  coat  ijuortered  hy  the  Chancellor 
ia  not  derived  from  his  mother.  Four  coata  are 
emblazoned  on  the  tomb : — 1.  Arg.  a  chevron 
engrailed  between  three  moorciwks;  crest,  aMoor's 
head  affronlSe,  sable.  This  is  canting  heraldry 
indeed.  We  find  the  word  Mm-e  punned  on  in 
two  forms.  2.  Arg.  on  a  chevron  between  three 
nniiMms'  heads,  sa.  as  many  bezants.  This  coat 
is  qnartered  with  No.  1 ;  I  do  not  think  it  to  have 
heia  derived  from  an  heiress,  hut  I  consider  it 
uaed  BB  a  second  coat  for  the  More  family.  Some- 
thing TCtv  similar  is  allotted  to  More  in  Burke's 
Armwy,  back    of  4  S,    1st  col.,  viz.      "  Arg.  a 


Who  then  waa  the  Chancellor's  mother  ?  I 
think  we  must  accept  the  assertion  of  Cresncre 
More,  that  she  was  a  lady  named  "  Ilandcomhe  of 
Holiewell,  in  the  countie  of  Bedford."  {Life,  &c., 
p.  iv.)  The  extracts  quoted  by  Mb.  Aldis  Wright 
record  the  marriage  of  John  More,  Gent.,  to  a 
lady  named  Graunger  in  1474,  and  the  birth  of  a 
female  child  named  Joan  in  1475;  of  aaon  Thomas 
inl47&;  Agatha,  1479;  John,  1480;  Edivard, 
1481,  and  Elizabeth  in  1482.  I  wieh  to  draw 
attention  to  the  interval  of  three  years  that  occurs 
between  the  births  of  Joan  and  Thomas;  here  was 
time  for  the  judge,  if  indeed  it  he  him,  to  have 
buried  his  wife  n^ir  Graunger,  and  to  have  married 
agidn.  Speaking  on  phvHiological  grounds,  I  do 
not  think  it  liKely  that  tne  female  wno  paused  for 
three  years  between  1476-8  would  have  been  equal 
to  the  rapid  births  that  follow  in  1479,  1480, 
1481,  1482,  even  at  the  cost  of  her  life.  It  appears 
to  me  certain  that  Cresacro  More,  the  biographer, 
could  not  have  been  mistaken  in  the  correct  name 
of  his  ancestor,  the  Chancellor's  mother ;  we  must 
therefore  credit  the  judge  with  four  wives,  viz. 
Graunger,  Handcomhe,  Bowes  n4e  Barton,  and 
Clarke  n#e  More — the  last  of  a  totally  different 
family,  with  different  armorial  bearings.  It  is  to 
he  noted  that  Cresacre  More,  at  p.  4,  first  edition, 
calls  Sir  Thomas  "a knight's  eldest  sonne";  and 
though  "  sole  heyre  to  a  Judge,"  he  doea  not  call 
him  the  ont;/  son,  but  be  mentions  no  brother's 
names.  A.  Hall. 

21,  Bmngwick  Terrace,  Brixton  Hill. 


cberron  between  three  unicorns'  heads, 
chief  as  many  hurts  " :  a  hurt  in  heraldry,  like  the 
beznnt,  is  a  roundle,  but  they  are  of  different 
ticctares.  The  same  is  quoted  in  Berry's  ^icy. 
Herald,  vol.  ii.,  back  of  4  I,  2.  The  difl'erences 
are  manifestly  such  as  constantly  ai'iso  in  famiiioa, 
and  are  uBiially  held  to  prove  consanguinity,  there- 
fore 1  give  the  disputed  coat  to  More.  3.  A  fease 
between  three  cotta  at  full  speed,  cable ;  arms  of 
Colt,  the  Cbancellor'a  first  wife.  4.  Rrminois,  a 
fesse  gulea.  It  necessarily  follows  that  this  was 
the  coat  of  his  second  wife,  formerly  Mrs,  Mid' 
dletoQ,  vbose  maiden  name  is  not  preserved. 


ANTIQUITIES  OF  LEOMINSTER ;  THE  DUCKING 

STOOL. 

(4"'  S.  iii.  526.) 

The  former  Vicar  of  Leominster,  in  his  interest- 
ing work  {The  Town  and  Borough  of  Leominster, 
with  ISmtratiottf  of  iit  Ancient  and  Modem  Hiatorij, 
by  the  Rev.  G.  F.  Townsend),  gives  an  engraving 
and  description  of  the  ducking-stool  there.  He 
gives  extrocts  from  the  ancient  docunienta  of  the 
borough,  in  which  it  is  called  the  cucking-stoole, 
tumbrell,  or  gum  stole : — 

"  1 5C3.  It"  p'Mnt  q"i  Inliabitan.  hnj.  Burgi  non  fees- 
runt  le  Cookvng-Blole  per  diem  ei»  p'fismn — in  mlaer" 

'■i6<i4.  It™  n-effvn.l  a  pavncof  xx-  loste  hy  thcCham- 
berlaines  for  tbat  thev  did  nott  make  a  Cokyngstole  by 
thednv  to  t*em  pffised ;  and  it  is  ordered  tlint  the  said 
Chamberlena  do  make  a  CokyngBlolc  by  Mjdflomer  next 
under  tlio  nnvne  of  xi". 

"  1638.  11"  thev  present  Francis  Shoter,  Gent.,  Lite 
Bayliff,  and  the  Chsmherlevnes  of  this  lloroui;h  to  have 
incurred  the  pavne  of  xlib.'fornot  repavrin^  end  amend- 
in;;  the  Cace  iiouse,  the  tumbrel  or  euukin^-stoole  ;  and 
it  is  ordered  that  IheaomeberepayreJ  before  the  feast  day 
of  S.  MicbaRli  the  Archangeli  r.ow  next  oimmlng  upon 

"  IfiaO.  U™  they  present  the  Baylifit  and  Conalabiea  of 
this  Uoroiigii  for  not  having  a  'Gom^tole  for  scolding 


62 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S,  IV.  July  17,  *69. 


women,  that  they  may  be  puniahed  according  to  the 
statute  in  that  case  made  &  pvlded  ;  and  it  is  ordered  that 
they  p'vide  a  Gumstoole  before  the  xx}^  of  June  next 
upon  the  paine  of  £5." 

Mr.  Townsend  says,  while  the  foregoing  pre- 
sentation of  the  twelve  men  would  infer  there 
was  no  cucking-stool  during  this  period,  yet  the 
accounts  contain  at  this  very  time  frequent  charges 
incurred  for  its  repair. 

Until  recently  the  Leominster  stool  was  pre- 
served in  the  church,  and  was  last  used  in  1809 
to  duck  a  woman  named  Jane  Corran^  but  often 
called  Jenny  Pipes. 

The  first  mention  we  have  of  the  cucking-stool 
is  in  the  Domesday  Book  as  being  then  employed 
in  the  city  of  Chester.  It  is  called  there  cathedra 
stercoris,  A  chair  of  this  kind  was  probably  in 
use  long  before  the  ducking-stool.  Mr.  Llewel- 
lynn  Jewitt,  F.S.A.,  thinks  there  were  three  dis- 
tinct varieties  of  punishment : — 

"  In  the  Caching  Stool  the  culprit  was  placed  before 
her  own  door,  or  on  some  other  public  place,  for  a  certain 
time,  and  subjected  to  the  jeers  of  the  passers  by  and  of 
the  viciously  inclined.  On  the  tumbrell  she  or  he  was 
drawn  round  the  town,  seated  on  the  chair,  and  this  was 
sometimes  so  constructed  as  to  be  used  fur  ducking  as 
well ;  but  the  Ducking  Stools  par  excellence,  was  the  one 
fixed  or  moveable,  but  made  specially  for  the  purposes 
of  immersion." 

According  to  the  Scottish  "Burrow  Lawes,'*  as 

declared  in  the  Regiam  Majestatemy  an  ale-wife, 

"  Gif  she  makes  evill  ail,  contrair  to  the  use  and  con- 
suetude of  the  burgh,  and  is  convict  thereof,  shee  sail  pay 
ane  unlaw  of  aucht  shillinges,  or  sail  suffer  the  justice  of 
the  burgh,  that  is,  shee  shall  be  put  upon  the  cock-stule." 

Another  punishment  for  scolds  appears  to  have 
been  that  of  carrying  the  mortar.  Boys,  in  his 
History  of  Sandwich,  says  that  in  1037  a  woman 
for  speaking  abusively  of  the  mayoress  was  con- 
demned to  carry  the  wooden  mortar  **  throughout 
the  town,  hanging  on  the  handle  of  an  old  broom 
upon  her  shoulder,  one  going  before  her  tinkling 
a  small  bell."  It  is  engraved  in  one  of  Boys's 
plates.  On  the  cross  rib  of  the  cucking-stool  at 
Sandwich  is  the  following  inscription : — 

**  e^f  mcmfirnj  jjc  tangc  ii  iBavit  ax  briSt, 
^11  i?c  taiigc  0ftc  Uoctt)  hxtttst  itnrciSte." 
For  further  particulars  see  a  capital  paper  on 
"Ducking-stools"  by  Mr.  Jewitt  in  The  Reliquary  j 
i.  14o ;  Brand's  Pop.  Antiquities ;  Mr.  Way's  notes 
to  Promptorium  Parvulorum^  and  Wright's  Arches- 
oloyical  Alburn^  p.  40. 

In  the  latter  paper  will  be  found  an  account  of 
the  punishment  inflicted  on  the  sterner  sex  for 
like  offences,  viz.,  "riding  the  stang."  A  staff 
was  held  on  the  shoulders  of  two  men,  and  on 
this  the  offending  man  was  placed  and  held  on  by 
supporters  on  either  side,  and  so  taken  to  a  pond 
and  there  ducked. 

Mr.  Halliwell,  in  his  Archaic  Words,  says  that 
this  custom  has  been  discontinued  in  the  North, 


and  now  a  boy  mounts  a  pole  or  ladder,  singine 
some  doggrel  verses  stating  that  as  So-and-so  haa 
been  beating  his  wife  — 

"  If  ever  he  does  the  like  again. 
As  we  suppose  he  will, 
We*ll  mount  him  on  a  nanny  goat,   ■ 
And  ride  him  down  to  hell.** 

John  Piggot,  Jun.,  F.S.A. 


Is  it  ducTiing-siooX  or  cuc/ct/i^-stool,  in  which 
the  "  refractory  ladies  "  of  good  old  England  were 
"  soused  "  ?•  I  have  in  my  commonplace-book  the 
following  entry :- 

*'  Scolding  women  are  to  be  set  in  a  trvhuchet^  oom 
monly  called  a  Cucking-stool,  probably  from  the  French 
Coquine,  and  the  German  Stult  ^sic),  the  Queen's  Chair, 
placed  over  some  deep  Water,  into  which  they  are  let 
down,  and  plunged  under  Water  thrice  to  cool  their  Choler 
and  Heat."  (Vide  Magna  BritannMR  Notitiai  The  Pre- 
lent  State  of  Great  Britain,    London,  1737,  p.  195.) 

The  "  deep  Water"  and  the  plunging  ** thrice," 
and  Mr.  Noake's  "  soused  "  state  of  the  "  refrac- 
tory ladies,"  rather  incline  one  to  think  it  to  be 
ducking-BiooX.  There  is  still  the  Plattdeutsch 
onnerdiikertif  i.  e.  to  duck  under,  which  word  pro- 
bably has  the  same  signification.  Tumbrel,  of 
which  Mr.  Noaee  makes  mention  as  another 
name  for  ducking-stool  (vide  aivtk,  526),  was,  if  I 
remember  right,  a  sort  of  rolling  cart  used  as  a 
punishment,  out  different  ivom  the  stool  in  ques- 
tion. 

To  balance  the  '^  blame  and  shame  "  attached 
to  scolding  women  with  "  Choler  and  Heat,"  and 
in  order  to  see  how  their  "  better  halves  "  fared,  I 
shall  give  another  extract  from  the  same  Notitia  :-^ 

"  DrunhardSy  vagabonds^  prophane  Swearers,  loose,  idkf 
disorderly  Persons,  Night' walkers,  and  the  like,  are 
punished  by  setting  their  Legs  in  the  stocks  for  certain 
hours,  and  by  certain  pecuniary  Mulcts.  The  Execution, 
of  those  wholesome  Laws  against  Prophaneness  and  /m- 
morality,  Itas  been  promoted  with  great  zeal,  and  no  le$» 
Discretion,  by  the  Societies  for  the  Reformation  of  Matt" 
nersr    (Vide  antfe,  Notitia,  p.  194.) 

These  "  Societies  for  Reformation  of  Manners  " 
are  spoken  of  at  length  on  pp.  106-197.t 

Hermann  Kindt. 

German}'. 


CUNINGIIAM. 

(4'*^  S.  iii.  335,  394,  513,  Ga5.) 

Mr.  Irving  (p.  606)  seems  to  have  assumed 
that  we  had  adopted  an  opinion  upon  the  etymo- 
logy of  this  name,  but  in  this  is  mistaken ;  inas- 
much as  we  only  stated  several  views  which  had 

[•  This  popular  instrument  of  punishment  was  for- 
merly designated  the  cooking  or  cncking-stuole.  Vide  the 
quotations  from  Randolph's  Muse's  Looking-  Glasse,  1643, 
and  Homer  a  la  Mode,  1665,  quoted  in  Xares*s  Glossary, 
ed.  1859.— Ed.] 

[t  See  also  *'N.  &  a"  4«»'  S.  iii.  313.] 


4«»  S.  IV.  July  17,  »69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


63 


come  under  observation  in  the  course  of  reading^ 
and  left  it  for  some  one  much  more  capable  to 
judge  than  we  are — such  as  Mr.  Irving— which 
view,  if  any  of  them,  was  the  correct  one. 

We  must  remark  that  Mr.  Irving's  principle, 
of  two  distinct  languages  not  being  combinea  in 
one  namCf  is  one  that  has  been  little  attended  to, 
as  numerous  examples  of  pleonasm  adducible,  and 
at  any  one's  command,  will  attest.  Proceeding  on 
thia  principle,  however,  ham  being  admittedly 
Saxon,  he  searches  for  the  root  of  Cuning  in  a  Saxon 
dictionary;  and  finds  Cyne,  an  adjective,  it  would 
appear,  signifying  regal  or  royal.  Accordingly,  he 
concludes  that  Cyne  and  ham  are  the  two  and 
only  roots  of  Cuningham.  But  permit  us  to  say 
in  regard  t<f  this  view,  that  he  omits  all  reference 
to  the  middle  syllable  ingj  which  Kemble  and 
Taylor  (great  authorities)  look  upon  as  always 
agmficant  when  appearing  compounded  with  any 
name.  Therefore,  may  we  not  conjecture  that 
Qpne-inff'hamy  signifying  the  **  Abode  of  the  royal 
race"  will  be  a  more  complete  enumeration  of  the 
coDStitaents  of  this  word  ? 

Although  aware  of  the  "  Carta  Regis  de  fcedere" 
of  King  John  Baliol  (assented  to  expressly  at 
Dunfermline  by  a  few  of   the  prelates,    earls, 
baions,  &c),   to  which  Mr.  Irving  refers,  we 
did  not  consider  it  as  elucidating  the  point  under 
consideration  in  any  material  degree.     There,  the 
orthography  of  the  name  is  j  ust  as  it  is  now — 
Omungham;  and  although  we  had  considered  it 
an  established  fact,  as  we  actually  do,  that  this 
territory  never  properly  belonged  to  the  crown, 
since  at  least  the  time  of  David  I.,  except  when 
forfeitures  intervened,  that  would  not,  in  our  view, 
have  excluded  the  interpretation  given  by  Mr. 
Ikvino,  or  even  affected  it  to  any  appreciable 
extent.      Cuningham    (or  whatever  the  original 
form)  was  applied  to  this  district  certainly  very 
early  in  the  twelfth  century,  if  not  long  be- 
fore ;  and '  if  we  may  suppose  that  Cuning  refers 
to  a  king,  or  a  kingly  race^  that  race,  whoever 
they  were,  must  have  had  a  residence  in  the 
district  long,  probably  centuries,  prior  to  the  time 
of  David  I.,  who,  it  is  understood,   gifted  this 
wide  tract  early  in  the  twelfth  century  to  Hugh 
de  Moreville — a  Norman  by  descent,  but  who 
came  into  Scotland  immediately  from  Burgh-upon- 
tlie-Sands  in  Cumberland.      May  we  not,  then, 
assume  that  the  king  originating  this  name  was  one 
of  the  old  British  kinglets  of  Strathclyde,  a  petty 
kingdom,  maintaining  some  kind  of  doubtful  ex- 
istence till  near  the  end  of  the  tenth  century? 
How  Cuningham  was  held  before  being  given  to 
De  Moreville  it  will  be  difficult  to  determine ;  but 
an  interesting  query  is :  Did  the  latter  great  baron, 
on  receiving  the  grant,  dispossess  the  whole  or  most 
pifft  of  the  old  resident  proprietary  and  settle 
1  followers  of  his  own  r     Kobertson  savs  this 
not  done  regarding  the  adjoining  great  barony 


of  Renfrew,  conferred  on  Walter  Fitz  Alan,  the 
High  Stewart,*  but  his  authority  for  this  view 
it  would  have  been  desirable  to  have  had  stated. 
{Early  Kings,  ii.  499.)  The  same  author  remarks 
that  Cuningham  was  possessed  by  the  Angles  in 
the  time  of  the  Venerable  Bede,  t.  e,  the  eighth 
century,  although  afterwards  forced  to  recede  in 
order  to  make  way  for  a  revulsion  of  the  Celtic 
race  (ii.  498,  note). 

Mr.  Irving  says  that  Lanark  and  Mauldslie 
were  crown  property  before  BalioPs  time,  and 
therefore  that  the  carta  de  fcmdere  assented  to  in 
Feb.  1295-6  is,  in  its  terms,  mendacious.  It  is  hard 
to  presume  this,  however,  considering  that  so  many 
are  found  approving  of  the  treaty,  who  personally 
must  have  known  whether  the  assertion  referred  to 
was  true  or  false.  Accordingly,  we  think  that  a 
different  reading  from  that  of  Mr.  Irving  ought 
to  be  given  to  the  expression  *'  ad  coronam  reg^am 
non  spectantibusy^  if  toat  is  at  all  possible.  So,  we 
think,  on  a  consideration  of  the  terms,  that  it  may 
have  been  meant  to  prevent  the  application  of 
non  spectantihus,  &c.  to  the  Scottish  possessions 
which  are  specially  named  by  using  fjrior  to  these, 
'^Nec  non  "  (as  also),  which  immediately  follows  the 
enumeration  of  the  four  possessions  of  John  Baliol 
in  France.  This  word  usually  begins  new  sen- 
tences 'y  and  the  words  eidem  affidehk  (sic),  at  the 
verv  end  of  the  sentence,  is  to  be  understood  as  in- 
troduced also  before  nee  non.  But  the  reader,  to 
understand  this  matter  aright,  behoves  to  refer 
to  a  copy  of  the  treaty  contained  in  Thomson's 
Scots  Acts  (voL  i.  96*) ;  and  he  requires  to  be 
warned  that  this  copy  cannot  be  the  most  authentic, 
having  been  made  up  from  two  different  sources, 
neither  of  which  was  complete,  as  explained  in 
the  Tabula  («&iJ.  p.  12.) 

Although  not  of  the  highest  authority,  Ander- 
son's Scottish  Nation  (vol.  i.  742)  may  be  referred 
to  as  containing  more  than  one  view  of  the  ety- 
mology of  Cuningham  ;  and  that  which  the  author 
himself  adopts  is,  "Konigluxm  (Teutonic),  signi- 
fying regium  domicilium,  the  king's  house  or  habi- 
tation." Vide  also  Hamilton's  History  of  the  Shires 
of  Lanark  and  Henfretc,  Maitland  Club,  p.  21,  n. 

ESPEDAJtB. 

Carvings  by  Grinlino  Gibbons  (4'**  S.  iii. 
573, 006.) — In  addition  to  the  carvings  mentioned, 
I  remember  seeing  some  fine  specimens  of  such 
work  in  the  old  library  of  Queen's  College,  Ox- 
ford, which  were  pointed  out  to  me  as  bv  Grinling 
Gibbons.  J.  Macray. 

Horn  Lacy,  near  Hereford,  one  of  the  most 
stately  of  English  mansions,  contains  some  fine 
wood-carving  by  G.  Gibbons.  I  was  not  aware 
that,  in  my  own  neighbourhood,  Witley  Court 

Sossessed  any  work  of  that  artist ;  but,  from  the 
ate  and  style  of  some  of  the  rooms,  it  is  very 
possible.  T.  E.  Winnington. 


64 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[^'i"  3.  IV.  July  i; 


The  finest  epccimeiis  of  tbis  great  wond-cjicver'a 
work  are  to  lie  eeen  in  the  old  st,ite  diiitug'-rooin 
in  thia  cusile.  They  represent  all  kiuda  of  game 
and  flah,  with  garlands,  &c.  Otiier  fine  spetimens 
of  garlands  of  fruits  and  floweiii  occur  in  the 
Royal  library,  and  in  the  Queen's  nudienoc  and 
presence  chanihem.  rvhicb  are  now  included  iu 
the  suite  of  state  upartuients. 

WiDdaor.  W.  B.  -WooDWAim. 

The  church  at  Riwley,  Bucks,  contHiua  an  alt:ir 
and  pulpit  enriched  with  canfings  froJii  the  chisel 
of  Gibbons.  The  ci;iling  of  tJie  laiije  drawipg- 
room  at  Lee  Place  (en  ancient  seat  of  the  Lees  of 
Bitchley)  near  Chitrlhuiy,  Oxon,  was  designed  by 
the  flame  master  hand.  The  houEe  has  been 
p'eatiy  modumised,  but  the  ceiling  still  remains 
in  good  preservation.  It  is,  I  am  informed,  an 
elaborate  specimen  of  omameutal  plaster-work, 
comprising  flowers  and  foliage  in  great  profunion 
on  n  flesh-tinted  ground.  {Marruy'a  Handbook 
for  Berkt,  Bucks,  and  0.roii,  pp.  76,  228.)  The 
Bialder  of  Nov.  29, 18i)2,  has  a  short  notice  of  the 
ICirtlington  Park  carvings,  and  a  paper  on  "Gib- 
bons and  ilia  Works"  appeared  in  the  same  peri- 
odical under  date  of  Aug.  31, 1807.  InconnecUon 
with  the  ceiling  at  Lee  Place,  I  would  vetiture  to 
inquire  whether  Qibbons  did  not  oceasionally 
model  in  plaster;  if  so,  doubtless  Mr.  Pioqott 
and  other  coiTespon dents  of  "  N.  &  Q."  can  fur- 
nish me  with  instances  of  similar  works  not 
merely  dewgned,  but  actually  eiecutod  bv  Gib- 
bons. L.  X. 
There  is  a  flue  tarving'  by  this  distJnguiahcd 
artist  over  the  chimiieypiece  iu  the  saloon,  and  in 
all  the  rooms  on  the  gvound-tloor  at  Holme  Lacy, 
Herefordshire.  See  Rev.  F.  0.  Morris's  Cotoitry 
Seats  of  Great  Britain  and  Irelatid. 

W.  It.  TAm 

4.  Grove  Place,  Denmark  IliU. 

Haru  Words  in  Chaccer:  "  Sawcbflem  " 
(4*  S.  iii.  517.) — Morris,  iu  bis  Glossary,  gives 

:,i6.  pimple,  scab. 


Tyrwhitt  has  a  note  upon  tho  word,  which 

Soves  that  Mwcrfiem  was  a  special  kind  of  uialadv- 
e  quotes  from  an  old  Frencli  pbyae-book,  and 
from  the  Thomaiid  NoiaUo  Thingi: — 

"Oigncment  magislrel  par  Kiti«)leme  et  pur  cliescone 
face  U  lietpeil  with  this  medicine  rollowinf;." 

In  his  GIoBsarv,  however,  he  pres  a  quotation 
from  "  MS,  Bodl.  2403,"  which  seems  to  settle 
the  etymology  of  the  word — 

"  L'n({u«ntuni  cootra  laltum  jtrgma,  Mnbicm,  &0.  See 
Galen  in  Uippoc.  de  Aliment,  t'omnunf.  ill  p,  277:  — 
6  aJx^  .  .  .  "t'lrtTU  iirb  ^KFjiiam  oKiuipei  Hot  tSj 
{iu4qi  X''^')'-     And  agiin, i  &A^i ...vwb  tou  f  AtVfia- 

tiee  also  HalUweU  under  "  Sauseflemed." 


In  John  RuBsell's  Boke  of  Kurture,  1.  77tt 
{Maimen  and  Meals  tii  Oldm  Time),  we  have  '■  a 
feiCT'8c/4e  eountennnce "  given  as  the  sign  of  the 
phlegmatic  temperament,*  and  a  note  refers  us 
to  Promptorium  Parvuloriim,  whvre  wo  find  ^fieio 
md^eme  =flegma.  (In  s<)mc  MSS.  of  Ciinucer 
we  get  sawccflrwm  and  saaajtcwtne.) 

The  four  humours  of  the  blood,  and  the  four 
consei^uent  temperaments  are  constantly  referred  to 
in  various  ways  by  oarly  writers — by  Chaucer  as 
much  as  by  auy.  In  the  Ayenbtle  of  lincfft, 
p.  157,  we  'are  told  how  the  IXwil  tempts  mcD 
through  the  four  complex iotia — "Jiane  jfeHmofite 
mid  glotonye  and  be  sleaujie."  . 

As  to  impnstbuuies,  kc.  aritung  from  disorders 
of  the  four  humours,  I  And  an  apposi^te  fragment 
iu  the  Bdraipectivc  Beuicw  (Now  Series,  ii.  p.  411, 
August,  18o4)  : — 

"  It  is  towit  ntta  bcgj-nnyg  that  all  empostimea  witli- 
ontfurth  Chat  be  baven  and  swollen  eythir  thei  ben  litill 
or  KTBlt  If  thci  ba  grett  thei  ben  sprurRen  of  iiij  bDinctB 
svnnynge.  Wherfor  einpoJtame  otf  blade  and  yer  off  «ai- 
fiendred  i«  callyd  fflegmon  i  empntvaie  ^inmgen  off 
fewme  is  callyd  baaa,  that  ia  to  any  ian-,  empostnmei  of 
rede  col-rgh  u  called  heraipula.  Knipostume  s|)ningea 
off  mofuucofi  ia  called  sclyros,"  Sir. 

I  Uiaok  COLIK  Clocteb  for  his  illustration  from 
the  Knight  of  La  Toiir-Landrij.  Surely  /afce  ia 
a  misprint  for  sake.  Probably  also  imptfrilAt 
should  be  impeditlie.  {Impctritlie,  a  word  much 
used  in  the  book,  means  "  to  obtain-by  entreaty.") 
John  Addis,  Mj^. 

Heraldic  (4""  S.  iii.  431.)— To  the  replies 
already  given  (p.  539)  let  me  add  from  Feme's 
Blazon  of  Gcntiie,  that  by  the  courtesy  of  heraldry 
the  son  of  a  gentlewoman  of  coat-aruioiir  (though 
her  husband  was  not  an  aimiger)  may  for  his 
lifetime  bear  lier  coat,  with  the  addition  of  a 
cinque-foil  for  dift'erence.  Feme  stylos  this  ft 
"  lased  coat,"  and  saya  that  it  should  be  borne  in 
a  lozenge.  He  thinks  that  the  mother  must  be 
an  heiress  fur  her  son  to  avail  himself  of  the  pri- 
vilege; and  that  it  is  limited  to  the  first  genera- 
don,  not  descending  to  her  grandchildren.  But  I 
presume  that  in  practice  children  would  consider 


1.  781).     RubmII  lias  been  e"iug  the  carte  of  "  a  E 
nere  of  Fische"  {how  suggealive  of  whitebait  and  tha 
Trafalgar  or  Ship) ;    there  are  four  courses,   and  each 
courue  enda  -nith  "a  scincly  soteUe."     Now  these  subtle- 
ties ropresert  in 


lifo  (each  ajje  beiu);  also  tj-pilied  by  that  one  of  the  four 
humours  which  is  supposed  to  prcilominile  nt  that  af^e.) 
Thus  the  third  course  conclndes  with  a  figure  whidi 
represents  trath  aatamn  and  a  man  of  the  third  or  pbleg- 


"These  iiij.  soteltces  dcvlBed  in  lowee," 
meanrini->,  poiating  to  the  double  HigiiiHcatiou  irf  each 
aobllety  ? 


4^  S.  IV.  July  17,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


65 


themselves  entitled  to  bear  their  father's  arms. 
(See  Feme's  Glorie  ofGenerositie,  pp.  Qoy  G6.) 

SnEM. 

Champerxon  (4**^  S.  iii.  595.) — In  Mr.  John 
Tuckett's  Devonshire  PedigreeSj  published  from 
the  Harleian  MSS.  and  other  authorities  in  the 
British  Museum,  there  is  at  p.  129  a  pedigree  of 
the  Champemowne  family.  It  begins  with  Henry 
Champemowne  of  Clist,  temp,  Henry  II.  It  is 
carried  through  seventeen  generations,  and  ter- 
minates with  the  Heralda'  Visitation  of  1620.  In 
the  fifth  generation,  tcnip,  Edw.  II.,  the  family  is 
described  as  of  Modbury,  and  at  the  fourteenth 
{drca  Eliz.)  it  divided  into  another  branch  de- 
signated as  of  Darlington.  As  Dr.  Dawson-Duf- 
TJXLD  asks  for  information  relative  to  individuals 
liying  in  1686,  I  fear  this  pedigree  will  not  be  of 
service  to  him,  and  I  regret  that  I  am  not  in 
poeaeaaiQn  of  the  more  recent  links  of  the  chain. 
The  arms  are — Gules,  a  saltier  vairtS  between 
twelve  billets  or,  a  crescent  for  diiference.  Crest: 
A  swan  sittiDg  proper,  holding  in  the  bill  a  horse- 
ahoe  or,  P.  Hutchinson. 

Mbdal  (4»»»  S.  iii.  G09.)— The  medal  described 
by  Mb.  Lenihan  commemorates  the  landing  of 
Prince  Charles  in  Scotland  in  1745.  The  figure 
oo  the  reverse  represents  Scotia  welcoming  his 
arrival.     I  cannot  say  when  executed. 

Could  Mr.  Lenihan  or  any  of  your  correspond- 
GBts  inform  me  for  what  event  a  medal  of  exactly 
similar  design  and  type,  except  the  legends,  was 
struck?  viz. — 

Obv. :  "rbbeat  .  magnus  .  ille  .  genius  . 
BBTTAyNLE."     Bust  of  Prince  Charles. 


Rev. 


u 


O 


BIV    .  DESIDERATA    .    NAVIS. 


»> 


draped  female  figure,  wand  in  right  hand,  the 
left  resting  upon  a  shield ;  ships  approaching  land 
in  the  background,  "l^tamini  .  cives.sept. 
rxTTT  .  MBCCLii."  in  the  exergue.  Belfast. 

CoPTBiGHT  (4^**  S.  iv.  13.)— Copyright  during 
1835-42  was  regulated,  as  correctly  stated,  by  the 
Act  54  Geo.  III.  c.  156,  a.d.  1814,   which  ex- 
tended aU  copyright  to  twenty-eight  years  cer- 
tain, and  to  term  of  author's  life,  if  surviving. 
By  the  Act  5  &  6  Vict.  c.  45,  a.d.  1842,  copvright 
was  extended  to  forty-two  years,  or  author  s  life, 
and  seven  years  beyond.     By  this  Act  the  copy- 
right of  books  printed  prior  to  1842  may  be  ex- 
tended,  as  above,   provided   the   author   or  his 
family  retain  the  copyright ;  but,  if  the  copyright 
has  l)een  parted  with,  it  may  still  be  extended  by 
mutual  agreement  between  the  parties,  and  regis- 
tration accordingly.      This  clause  was   specially 
inserted  to  carry  a  benefit  in  Scott's  works  to  his 
family.  A.  11. 

GEirEALoeiCAL  Queries  (4**»  S.  iii.  104.)— It 
is  stated  in  the  pedigree  of  the  Tylliols  given  in 
^Qoolson   &  Bum's  History  of  Cumherland  and 


Westmorlandf  vol.  ii.  p.  458,  that  Anthony  Lacy 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Robert  Tyfliol. 

W.  J. 

D' Alton  MSS.  (^V''  ?.  iii.  577.)— In  reply  to 
an  inquiry  in  "N.  &  Q."  as  to  the  present  de- 
pository of  these  MSS.,  I  beg  to  state  that  the 
valuable  collections  on  Irish  history  and  gene- 
alogy amassed  with  such  care,  trouble,  and  ex- 
pense by  my  late  father,  are  in  my  possession; 
and  that,  being  unable,  from  the  pressure  of  pro- 
fessional business,  to  follow  up  his  pursuits,  I 
should  only  be  too  happy  to  negcciate  for  the 
purchase  of  them  by  some  public  institution, 
where  they  would  at  all  times  be  accessible  to 
those  following  similar  studies,  and  where  the 
vast  materials  accumulated  by  my  late  father  for 
half  a  century  for  the  illustration  of  every  locality 
and  family  in  Ireland  could  be  made  available  for 
the  interests  and  tastes  of  thepublic. 

William  D' Alton. 

11,  Stephen*s  Green,  Dublin. 

Gigmanitt  (4^*»  S.  iii.  436,  494.V--A  year  or 
two  ago,  at  a  trial  in  London,  a  dennition  of  re- 
spectability was  given,  which  in  these  ralway 
days  may  fairly  supersede  the  **  ^g  respectability" 
above  referred  to.  A  witness  being  asked,  "  What 
do  you  mean  by  a  respectable  man  ?  "  replied, 
"  Why,  a  man  who  has  a  Crystal  Palace  season- 
ticket."  Wtlme. 

May  Day  Carol  (4'«>  S.  iii.  400.)— The  follow- 
ing version  of  the  carol  quoted  by  Dr.  Rimbattlt 
is  sung  by  the  "  May  children  "  in  this  and  the 
neighbourmg  parishes  of  Oxon  and  Bucks :  — 

*'A  branch  of  May  I  bring  to  you. 

Before  your  door  it  stands, 
It  is  but  a  sprout,  but  'tis  well  spread  about 

By  the  work  of  a  mighty  band. 
Arise,  arise,  pretty  maidens  all, 

And  take  your  garland  in. 
Or  else  next  morning  when  you  rise 

You'll  say  I've  brought  j'ou  none. 

"  Arise,  arise,  pretty  maidens  all. 

And  call  on  God  for  grace, 
Repent,  repent  your  former  sins 

While  3*ou  have  time  and  space. 
A  man's  but  a  man,  his  life  but  a  span. 

He  flourishes  like  a  flower ; 
lie's  here  to-day  and  gone  to-morrow. 

Cut  dowin  all  in  one  hour. 

"  And  when  death  strikes,  it  strikes  so  sharp, 

It  strikes  us  to  the  ground  ; 
There's  not  a  surgeon  in  all  the  land 

Can  cure  the  deadly  wound. 
So  now  I've  sung  my  little  Ma}'  song. 

No  longer  can  I  stay ; 
God  bless  you  all,  both  great  and  small, 

And  bring  you  a  mcrrj'  month  of  Mav." 

F.  D.  H. 

BnckncU  Manor,  Bicester. 

Popular  Names  of  Plants  (4*'»  S.  iii.  408,  513, 
565.) — I  am  a  native  of  Buckinghamshire,  and 
beg  to  inform  Mr.  James  Britten  that  I  have 


66 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*»»  S.  IV.  July  17,  '69. 


always  heard  the  fritillary  called  the  "snake's- 
head  lily  "  both  in  that  county  and  Oxfordshire. 
It  is  also  given  as  the  popular  name  by  Sowerby. 
I  think  hare-bell  and  blue-bell  are  applied  m 
various  parts  of  the  United  Kinp^dom  indiscri- 
minately to  the  wild  hyacinth  and  the  campanula. 
Sowerby  calls  the  former  hare-bell  and  the  latter 
hair-bell.  I  myself  never  heard  the  campanula 
called  "  blue-bell "  until  I  joined  a  Scotch  regi- 
ment. There  is  no  doubt  about  its  being  "  The 
blue-bell  of  Scotland."  I  have  always  heard  the 
name  **  dog- wood  "  applied  to  the  Comm  san- 
gumea,  F.  D.  H. 

The  Hyacinthus  tion-scnpttts  is  commonly  called 
hare-bell,  and  is  noticed  by  Shakspere  as  **  the 
ftzured  harebell,"  like  the  veins  of  fair  Fidele,  de- 
scribed in  Cymheline  (Act  IV.  Sc  2)  in  connection 
with  pale  primrose  and  eglantine.  Gerarde  calls  it 
"  blue  hare-bell "  or  *•  English  jacinth." 

Browne  in  his  Pastorals j  book  ii.  song  3,  says  — 

"  The  hare-bell  for  her  staiDless  azured  hue 
Ciaims  to  be  worn  of  none  but  those  who  are  true.** 

The  hair-bell  is  the  Campanula  rotundifolia 
already  properly  noticed  (see  Hooker's  British 
Flora),  I  snould  like  to  know  on  what  authority 
the  Arum  maculatum  is  shown  to  be  the  "  dead 
men's  fingers  "  and  "  long  purples  "  of  Shakspere 
named  in  Hamlet.  In  a  little  book  I  wrote  on 
the  Flowers  of  Shakspere  five  years  since  and 
advertised  in  "N.  &  Q.,"  I  took  some  pains  to 
show  what  these  flowers  were. 

I  cannot  understand  what  flower  is  meant  by 
"purple  narcissus,  like  the  morning  rays,"  unless 
it  be  the  Anemone  puhatilla  (pasque  flower),  or 
Anemone  nemorosa  (wind  flower),  but  these  cannot 
properly  be  called  narcissus. 

Sidney  Beislt. 

Sydenham. 

Jesse  Windows  (4**»  S.  iii.  427.) — The  cele- 
brated Jesse  window  in  Dorchester  abbey  church, 
Oxfordshire,  is  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel. 
It  diflers,  I  believe,  from  all  other  Jesse  windows 
in  having  the  personages  of  the  sacred  genealogy 
not  only  represented  in  the  painted  glass  but 
sculptured  on  the  mullions.  F.  D.  H. 

The  Horse's  Head  in  Acoustics  (4*'»  S.  iii. 
500.) — This  was  no  joke,  as  your  correspondent 
Shem  seems  to  surmise.  When  an  old  "  meeting- 
house" in  Bristo  Street  here  was"  taken  down,  I 
think  about  1805,  to  make  room  for  the  church 
now  occupied  by  Dr.  Peddie's  congregation,  the 
old  sounding-board  above  the  pulpit  was  found 
filled  with  horses'  heads — I  should  say  five  or  six 
at  least.  I  was  a  mere  child  at  the  time,  and  for 
long  after  the  heads  presented  themselves  to  my 
dreams.  The  matter  had  lone  passed  from  my 
memory,  till  now  vividly  recalled  by  the  recent 
articles  in  your  columns.  H.  T. 

Edinburgh. 


Bally  (4*»»  S.  iv.  10.)— With  reference  to  the 
query  by  OuTis,  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the 
derivation  of  the  word  bally  from  the  Keltic  is, 
besides  being  more  simple,  more  in  accordance 
with  probability  than  its  derivation  from  the 
Danisn.  I  am  not  at  present  able  to  ascertain  the 
exact  Irish  word  for  a  "  town  "  or  "  village,"  butf 
as  the  dialects  of  the  great  Keltic  language  used  ■ 
by  the  Scottish  and  Irish  Gael  so  closely  re- 
semble each  other  that  they  may  be  called  twin 
twigs  of  the  same  (Erse)  branch,  it  seems  very 
likely  indeed  that  bally  is  the  same  word  as  the 
Gaelic  bailcj  which  signifies  a  village  or  town.  In 
the  names  of  Irish  places,  Bally  is  generally  used 
as  a  prefix.  I  believe  baile  is  always  so  used  in 
the  Gaelic:  thus  baile-puirtf  a  sea-port  town; 
baite-margaidhf  a  market  town;  Tain  is  called 
Baik'Dhuthatch  (town  of  St.  Duthac).  Further, 
the  other  principal  prefixes  and  affixes  in  names 
of  Irish  places  are  all  Keltic;  as  ath,  a  ford; 
drum  (Gael,  druini)^  a  ridge ;  kil  (Gael.  cUX),  a 
church  or  burial-ground;  dun,  a  hill  fort;  iinm$ 
or  ennis,  an  island,  and  others ;  and  it  seems  ; 
hardly  likely  that  the  particle  baUy,  which  is  as  | 
common  as  any  of  these,  should  have  an  exeep-  ■ 
tlonal  derivation.  A.  M.  S. 

The  Stuarts  and  Feeemasonrt  (4'*»  S.  iv. 
20.) — Mr,  Yarker  must  take  what  I  have  to  , 
impart  on  this  subject  for  what  it  is  worth,  as  I  ' 
have  not  the  honour  of  being  a  Freemason,  and  ' 
can  only  <'tell  the  tale  as  told  to  me."  The 
original  warrant  of  the  Derbyshire  lodge  of  Ma- 
sons was  given  by  the  Young  Pretender  at  Derby  , 
in  1745;  but  at  the  union  in  1813  it  was  ex-  | 
changed  for  an  English  warrant.  Before  1818  • 
there  was  what  was  called  Ancient  and  Modem 
Masonry,  each  order  having  a  Grand  Master,  &c. 
After  many  attempts,  a  lodge  of  Reconciliation 
was  held  in  London  in  1813,  of  which  my  in- 
formant, Mr.  Mill  ward  of  Longnor,  was  a  member; 
and  new  warrants  were  issued  to  both.  In  Scot- 
land the  Masons  still  hold  what  was  called  An- 
cient Masonry,  and  the  Pretender  was,  as  I  have 
always  understood,  G.  M.  of  Masons  some  time 
before  his  invasion  of  England.  I  have  been  in- 
formed that  in  this  part  of  the  kingdom  nearly  all 
the  lodges  were  ancient,  and  held  either  from 
York  or  Scotland ;  and  that  there  are  still  lodges 
in  the  northern  counties  which  hold  from  Scot- 
land. As  Masons  of  all  lodges  rank  according  to 
the  number  of  their  lodge,  the  oldest  taking  pre- 
cedence, they  were  exceedingly  tenacious  of  their 
numbers ;  so  one  ancient  and  one  modem  lodge 
was  taken  alternately.  Several  lodges,  which 
held  by  immemorial  custom,  refused  to  have  any 
number  assigned  to  them,  and  are  on  the  register 
as  No.  0.  John  Slbioh. 

Thornbridge,  Bakewell. 


4«kS.IV.  July  17, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


67 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

The  Annual  JtegUter.     A   Review  nf  Public   Events  at 
Home  and  Abroad  for  the  Year  1868.     (Rivington.) 

Now  that  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  has  changed  its 
diaracter  and  assumed  that  of  a  popular  Magazine  rather 
than  that  of  a  yearly  chronicle,  the  Annual  Register 
leinaiiM  the  only  abiding  record  of  our  national  progress 
and  the  great  events  of  each  year.  We  are  glad  to  report 
of  the  New  Series  that  it  abounds  with  the  peculiar  in- 
fefmation  for  which  it  will  prove  in  future  the  chief 
avtbority  ;  that  Ma  views  of  the  State  of  Public  Affairs 
at  Home  are  clear  and  impartial;  its  illustrations  of 
FoRJuni  History,  and  its  Retrospect  of  Literature,  Art, 
nd  Science  fall  and  satisfactory';  while  its  Chronicle, 
Obituary,  &€.,  appear  to  be  carefully  and  accurately 
eompiled. 

The  Foitr  Bookt  of  Horaces  Odes.     Translated  into  Eng- 
litk  Verm  by  Edward  Yardley.    (Longmans.) 

If  r.  Taidley's  translation  of  Horace  has  the  important 
merit  of  tlegance.    His  language  is  generally  well  chosen, 
and  free  firom  those  affectations  of  idioms  which  fre- 
quently disfigure  attempts  at  conciseness  and  neatness  of 
expreMMm.    He  has  chosen  a  task  within  his  powers, 
and  the  remit  must  accordingly  be  pronounced  a  success. 
We  mMT  perhaps  select  the  odes  beginning  "  Ccelo  to- 
BMDUm*'  and  **  Hie  et  nefasto/'  as  among  the  best  speci- 
mens of  hia  stvle  ;  and  in  the  translation  of  "  L^'dia,  die, 
per  omnes,"  tEe  structural  effect  of  the  original  is  well 
pieKi'rcd  in  an  appropriate  and  skilfully-handled  metre. 

William  Jerdan. —  We  copy  from  The  Times  qf 
Tiwsday  last,  the  following  notice  of  the  early  friend 
onder  whose  editorship,  now  nearly  half  a  century  since, 
ear  first  eflfbrts  in  literature  were  made.  Our  readers 
viU  recognise  in  the  place  of  his  death,  why,  when  writing 
hi  theae  columns,  William  Jerdan  signed  himself 
'^BvaHXT  Heath  " : — 

••Forty  years  ago  there  were  few  names  better  known 
ia  London'societv  and  in  the  world  of  letters  than  that 
of  William  Jerdan.     Sur^'iving  almost  all  his  literary 
eootemporaries,  he  died  on  the  11th  inst.,  at  Bushey- 
beath,  hi  his  88th  year.    A  native  of  Kelso,  and  educated 
at  Edinburgh  for  the  Scottish  law,  he  came  to  Londpn  to 
jmh  hia  way  in  literature.    Of  his  varied  fortunes  in  this 
piecarioas  profession  he  has  given  a  faithful  record  in  his 
AMbiogrtqtky,  published  about  fifteen  years  ago.    His 
todal  spirit,  ready  wit,  and  abundant  anecdote,  made 
mm  a  wdcome  guest  in  other  than  mere  literary'  circles. 
WHh  mort  of  the  notable  personages  of  the  last  fifty 
jean  be  bad  personal  acquaintance,  and  with  some  of  the 
flMB  of  bisbcat  mark  in  literature  and  politics  he  was  on 
tenns  ef  mtimacy.    An  interesting  volume  of  personal 
leooUeelioos^  entiUed  Men  1  have  Known,  appeared  two 
years  ago,  inscribed  to  the  then  Chief  Baron  (Sir  Frede- 
rick) PoOodc,  also  a  Borderer,  with  whom  Mr.  Jerdan 
sjnoe  borhood  had  maintained  an  unbroken  friendship. 
It  was  Mr.  Jerdan  who,  in  the  lobby  of  the  old  House  of 
Commons,  seised  Bellingham,  the  assassin  of  Mr.  Per- 
eeraL    At  that  time  one  of  the  reporters  for  the  Press,*  his 
connection  with  periodical  literature  continued  for  half  a 
eentmy.    In  recent  numbers  of  Fraser*s  Magazine  are 
eontribntions  from  his  pen ;  and  the  last  two  parts  of  the 
C*af JfMi  a'a  Magazine  contain  an  article  on  the  celebrated 
Becf^Stcak  dob,  which  no  other  living  man  could  have 
written  finom  personal  knowledge.     For  several  years 
neently  h»  has  contributed  to  toe  Leisure  Hour  a  series 
if  nniniseences  of  distinguished  men,  illustrated   by 
(bandcriatic  letters.    Of  the  Royal  Literar}'  Fund  in  its 


early  days  he  was  a  zealous  advocate,  and  by  his  in- 
fluence greatly  aided  its  prosperity'.  His  kindly  help  was 
always  afforded  to  young  aspirants  in  literature  and  art, 
and  his  memory  will  be  cherished  by  many  whom  he 
helped  to  rise  to  positions  of  honour  and  independence. 
Late  in  life  he  received  a  pension  of  100/.  a  year  for  bis 
long  services  to  literature. 

The  late  Mr.  J.  H.  Burn*8  Collection  will  be  sold  by 
Auction  by  Messrs.  Puttick  &,  Simpson,  of  Leicester 
Square,  commencing  next  Monday,  and  extending  over 
fourteen  days.  On  Monday  the '  Collection  of  China, 
chiefly  collected  in  elucidation  of  makers'  marks,  will  be 
suld  ;  on  Tuesday  the  Cabinet  of  Coins,  Miniatures,  &c  \ 
on  Wednesday  the  Collection  of  Books,  which  is  stated  to 
embrace  upwards  of  20,000  volumes ;  this  will  be  fol- 
lowed by  the  Engravings  and  Autographs.  Those  who 
knew  the  large  amount  and  varied  character  of  the  in- 
formation possessed  by  the  late  Mr.  Bum,  and  not  in- 
frequently evinced  in*  his  contributions  to  Notes  ani> 
Queries,  will  not  be  surprised  at  the  extent  or  variety 
of  his  several  collections  now  about  to  be  dispersed. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED  TO   PURCHASE. 

Particularg  of  Price,  fte.,  of  the  following  Bookt,  to  be  wnt  direct  ta 
the  Rentleinen  by  whoA  they  arc  required,  whow  nunea  and  addresaes 
are  Kiven  for  that  purpose:  — 

SCBTKEH*  IIlKTOKY  OF  DURHAM.     Vol.  I. 

Wanted  by  John  Maclean^  Esq.^  Fallingswick  Lodge,  Hammemnith,  W. 


Watson's  History  of  Halifax. 

Sydsky  Smith's  Works.    Vol.  IV. 

Kkioht'h  Livks  of  Colkt  axd  Erarmcs.    Large  paper. 

DuoDALK'8  Warwickshire,  by  Thoniaa.    i  Vols. 

Brydgks'm  Index  to  Pkdigrkkh. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Thomas  Beet,  Bookieller,  15,  Conduit  Street, 

Bond  Street.  W. 


fiatitt^  ta  €Qvxtipaixtsmti. 

U5IVERRAL  Art  Catalogue.  Tt  tritl  be  uen/rcm  an  adveniatment 
in  our  front  page,  that  the  Lords  €^the  Committee  <^f  Council  for  Educa' 
tion  have  determined  (many  readers  will,  we  doubt  not,  think  they  have 
very  wisely  determined)  that  the  publication  of  this  Catalooue  shotdd 
be  so  accelerated  that  the  whole  may  be  completed  by  the  atd  of  March 
next.  For  this  purpose  the  number  nf  pages  to  be  inserted  in  this 
journal  (weekly)  has  been  increased  from  fuvr  to  ttcehe ;  while  oceo' 
sional  Supplements  will  be  issued  from  time  to  time  by  the  Department 
t}f  Science  and  Art.  All  Addition*  and  CoiTeetionn  should  be  addressed 
to  the  Editor,  South  Kensington  Museum,  London,  W. 

The  Index  to  our  last  Volume  will  be  published  trtVA  "  N.  &  Q."  on 
Saturday,  the  ilth  instant. 

A.  M.  8.    Received. 

We  are  compelled  to  postpone  until  next  week  several  Notei  on  Booki. 

J.  M.  (Oxford.)  Prose  by  a  Poet,  S  volt.  12rao,  1SS4,  if  by  Jame* 
Montgomery  t\f  Sheffield. 

Errata 4th  8.  ir.  p.  26,  ool.  ii.  line  S  flrom  bottom,  dele  "  bounie  "  % 

line7,aner"ibumcd"  intcrt  "(clad  in  a  brunie  or  cuiran)"  ;  lines, 
dele  **  dudina  (or  cuiran ) " ;  p.  S7,  col.  i.  line  4,  far  **  au> "  read  "  cup  "  r 

630,  col.  i.  line  13  from  bottom,  fur  **  Bron  en  Breiae     read  "  Brou  en 
reaM." 

A  Reading  Cane  for  holding  the  weekly  number*  of  **  N.  ft  O."  is  now 
ready,  and  nuiy  be  had  of  all  Booknellen  and  Newsmen,  pnce  1«.  6^.r 
or,  free  by  post,  direct  flrom  the  Publisher,  for  Is.  M. 

"  Notes  and  Queries"  is  registered  for  transmission  abroad. 


This  day  is  published,  price  lis. 

HABT    aiTBEN  OF   SCOTS 

AND  HER  ACCUSERS; 

Embracing  a  Narrative  of  Events  from  the  Death  of  James  V.  in  IMS; 
until  the  Close  of  the  Conference  at  Westminster  in  1U9. 

By  JOHN   HOSACK,  Barrister-at-Law. 

This  work  contains  the  '*Book  of  Articles"  produced  against  Qneen 
Mary  at  Westminster  in  1A69,  together  with  various  other  Original  Docu- 
ments. 

WILLIAM  BLACKWOOD  a  SONS,  Edinburgh  and  London. 


68 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4'»'  S.  IV.  July  17,  »6D. 


ABSOLUTE  SECURITY  POLICIES 

UNFORFEITABLE,  UNCONDITIONAL,  AND  UNCHALLENGEADf.E, 


ISSUED  BT  THE 


PRUDENTIAL  ASSURANCE  COMPANY, 

Established  1848. 

62,  LUDGATE  HILL,  LONDON,  E.C.; 
BRANCH  OFFICE,  7,  KING  STREET,  ST.  JAMES'S. 


These  Policies  enable  the  assured  to  go  to  and  reside  in  any  part  of  the  world  without  extra  premium,  aad 
contain  a  table  of  withdrawals,  showing  at  one  glance  the  sum  that  may  at  any  time  be  withdrawn. 

HENRY  HARBEN, 

SecreUayi 


MR.  HARRY  LOBE'S  (M.R.C.S.E.)  NEW  WORK  OX  HEREDI- 

T^VRY  DEBILITY  AND  INHERITED  WEAKNESS. 

Po8t-fVoe,  i».  M. 

HYPOGASTKIA,   treating   upon   those    sjTnptoms 
accommnyinK  and  resulting  fh>m  a  prematurely  debilitated  con- 
la  Bi 


ling 
atitution,  and  suggesting  a  rational  and  succeaafUl  treatment. 

Ming-     . 
tation— Lorn  of  Tone— Varicocele— Nenrous   Exhaustion— UTpochon- 


Ck>NTEMT8:— Weakness— Stanmiering— Spinal  Debility— Spinal  Irri- 
fttion— Loss  of  Tone— Varicocele— Nenrous   E  " 
driasis— Paraljrsis,  &c.  tec. 


Address  31,  Sackville  Street,  Piccadilly,  and  8.  Old  Stcyne,  Brighton. 

TBB  XTB'W  yrsuLmn  "wovs  cxkvs-BOxrsx: 

Manufactured  and  sold  only  by 

PARTRIDGE   AND   COOPER, 

192,  Fleet  Street,  comer  of  Chancery  Lane. 

Makuvactured  expressly'  to  meet  an  universally  experienced  want, 
«.  «.  a  paper  which  shall  m  itself  combine  a  perfectly  smooth  surface 
with  total  freedom  from  grease.  The  Nkw  Vellum  Wove  Club- 
house Paper  will  be  ibnnd  to  possess  these  peculiarities  completely, 
being  made  from  the  best  linen  rags  only,  possessing  great  tenacity  and 
durability,  and  presenting  a  surface  equally  well  adapted  fbr  quill  or 
iteelpen. 

Sample  Packet  poet  ft<ce  fbr  19  stamps. 

«»*  The  Public  are  cautioned  agidnst  miTATiONS  of  this  incom- 
parable paper. 

PAINLESS      DENTISTRY. 


(ESTABLISHED  1815.) 

NEW  PAMPHLET,  Price  Bd. 

Free  by  Post  Four  Stamps. 
"  Messrs.  Gabriel  are  particularly  successfiil  in  their  system  of  Arti- 
ficial Teeth,  which  they  fix  firmly  m  the  mouth  by  means  of  an  Elastic 
Qum  without  springs,  painlessly,  and  without  any  operation."— //fraW. 
"  Invaluable  to  clersrj-men,  public  orators,  and  invalids." 

Cutirt  Joiirual, 

Charges:  Tooth  from  5.1. ;  Set  from  4  to  20  guineas. 

London  :  56,  Ilarlcy  Street,  W. 

Ix)ndon  :  6<,  Liidsrate  Hill,  E.C. 

Liverpool :  l.'JI,  Duke  Street. 

Brighton  :  38,  North  Street. 

ATTENDANCE  DAILY. 


PARTRIDGE    AND    GOOPEB, 

MANUFACTURING  STATIONERS, 
192,  Fleet  Street  (Comer  of  Chancery  Lane). 

CARRIAGE  PAID  TO  THE  COUNTRY  ON  ORDERS 

EXCEEDING  SOs. 

NOTE  PAPER,  Cream  or  Blue,  3s.,  4s.,  5«.,  and  6«.  per  ream. 

ENVELOPES,  Cream  or  Blue,  4s.  6i/.,  5*.  6d.,  and  6«.  6cf.  per  Ijm. 

THE  TEMPLE  ENVELOPE,  with  High  Inner  Flap.  It.  per  100. 

STRAW  PAPER— Improved  quality,  ia.M.  per  ream. 

FOOI<SCAP,  Hand-made  Outsides,  &•.  6f/.  per  ream. 

BLACK-BORDERED  NOTE,  An.  and  6«.  6c/.  per  ream. 

BLACK-BORDERED  ENVELOPES,  Is.  per  100-Supcr  thiek  qtudlti'. 

TINTED  LINED  NOTE,  for  Home  or  Foreign  Correspondenm  (ftve 
colours),  5  quires  for  Is.  6d. 

COLOURED  STAMPING  (Relief),  reduced  to  4*.  6«l.  per  ream,  or 
a«.  &/.  per  1,000.  Polished  Steel  Crest  Dies  engnived  from  St. 
]MonogramB.  two  letters,  from  54. ;  tlirce  letters,  from  7s.  Durinw 
or  Addrera  Dies,  from  3s. 

SERMON  PAPER,  plain,  4«.  per  ream;  Ruled  ditto,  4s.  6</. 

SCHOOL  STATIONERY  supplied  on  the  most  liberal  ternif. 

IIlu:>trated   Price  List  of  Inkstandii,   Dcsi)atch  Boxes,   SOttknieiy. 
Cabinets,  Postage  Scales,  Writing  Cases,  Portrait  Albums,  tx^  po«k 


free. 


(ESTABLIflnKD  1841.) 


WHITE  and  SOUND  TEETH.  —  JEWSBURY 
and  BROWN'S  ORIENTAL  TOOTH  PASTE,  established, 
by  forty  years'  experience,  as  the  best  Preservative  for  the  Teeth  and 
Gums. 

The  Original  and  only  Genuine,  is  Is.  6df.  and  ts.  M.  per  pot. 
113,  MARKET  STREET,  MANCHESTER  ; 
And  by  Agents  throughout  the  Kingdom  and  Colonies. 


MR.  HOWARD,  Surgeon-Dentist,  62,  Fleet  Street, 
has  introduced  an  entirely  new  description  of  ARTIFICIALr 
TEETH,  fixed  without  springs,  wires,  or  ligatures;  thoy  so  perftcttar 
rciicmble  the  natural  teeth  as  not  to  be  disitinguiithed  from  the  originau 
by  the  closest  observer;  they  trill  never  change  colour  or  decaff,  and 
will  be  found  superior  to  any  teeth  ever  before  used.  This  method 
does  not  retjuire  the  extraction  of  roots  or  any  painful  operation,  and 
will  support  and  preserve  teeth  that  arc  loose,  and  is  guaranteed  to 
restore  articulation  and  mastication.  Decayed  teeth  stopped  and  ren- 
dered sound  and  useful  in  mastication — 'A,  rloct  Street. 

•»*  At  Home  fh>m  10  till  5. 


4*  S.  IV.  JuLT  24,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


69 


LOXDOy,  SATURDAY,  JULY  24,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  82, 

^CyrER  ••  —  MS.  Notes  in  Printed  Books :  Sir  William  Jones 
and  Nathaniel  Dras^ey  Halhed,  M.P.,69  —  Scottish  Lesser 
Barons  (otberwute  Lairds) :  Services  Exacted,  70  —  The 
Albert  Tower:  Ramsei',  Isle  of  Man,  71  —  Lancashire 
Song :  "  The  Country  Gaby,"  72  —  Oxenstierna :  Mrs. 
Aphra  Briin  —  An  Americanism  —  *'  Macbeth  '*  —  Parallel 
Pasafces  —  London  Aldermnn  —  Blichael  Uewetson  —  Na- 
tional DebU  of  Europe  —  Siguiflcation  of  the  Word  "  Pu- 
pOIiu/'  73. 
QUERIKii :  —  Airnes  de  Castro  —  Cake  —  A  Cambridge  Tig 

—  Fraser  of  N»^8S  — The  High  and  Low  German  Lan- 
imaices  —  Holboin  Portrait  —  Misquotation  —  Parody  on 
G<Jdsmilh  —  Pope's  Verseji  to  Mrs.  Pi^ott  —  Population 
of  Loud'in,  temp,  Henry  IL  —  Provincialisms  :  Mowth : 
Tore  —  The  Pythagorean  Letter  —  Sun-dials  —  Uff kin  — 
William  of  Orange  —  Wiltshire  Moonrakers,  74. 

QtmuxB  WITH  AirswBRS:  — Shakers  — Ben  Jonson  and 
Sir  B.  Rudyerd  — Tuch  or  Touch  — Philip  and  Maiy  — 
The  Lady  Mayoress  of  York  always  a  Lady  —  Sir  Godfrey 
Knello',  76. 

4BPL1KS:  — Carnac,  77  —English  Versions  of  Gk)ethe*s 
"  Faust."  Part  L,  79  —  Ghost  Stories,  80  —  Gainsborough's 
"Blue  Roy,"  /5.  —  .Metrical  Prediction,  81  —  More  Family 

—  Bdmuod  Kean  —  Bells  for  Dissentii^  Churches  —  Bells 
mod  Spous  — Sir  Richard  Holford  — Entrance- Registry : 
Trinity  Gollcgo.  Dublin— Plesais  —  Antigallican  Society 

—  Shen'iEi  —  Kniveton  Church  —  William  Vaughan  — 
Kklnapping  —  Elizibeth  and  Isabel  —  Passage in  Galatians 

—  Saint  Saphorin- Steam-ships  predicted  —  Portrait  of 
Prince  CharieM  Edward  —  Griddle  —  Grantham  Custom  — 
Mcyre  —  "  The  Oakn  "  —  Wordsworth's  "  Lucy  "—William 
Combe  —  Culver- keys,  &C.,  82. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


finite. 

MS.  NOTES  IN  PRINTED  BOOKS. 

SIB    WILLIAM     JONES     AND     NATHANIEL     BRASSEY 

HALIIKl),   M.P. 

I  iave  a  book  which  belonged  to  Sir  William 
Jones.  Its  title-page  wittily  represents  Sir  Wil- 
liam's opinion  of  it  as  a  work  of  legal  authority. 
In  the  subjoined  copy  of  its  title-page  the  words 
in  italics  are  in  the  great  orientalist's  hand- 
writing:— 

"  Wdliam  Jones,  Middle  Temple,  6  il/ay,  1781. 

AN 

Ijillihullero :  or  an 

Introdnction  to  the  Law  Helative  to  Trials  at  Nisi  Prias. 

The  mott  useful  of  all  bad  books,  and  the  worst  of  all 

useful  books. 

The  third  Edition. 

Corrected.     As  ingorrect  as  ever. 

Bv  Francis  HuUer,  Esq. 

0*f  the  Middle  Temple." 

THe  book  is  full  of  marginal  notes,  in  Sir  Wil- 
liam Jones's  hand,  which  have  been  ruthlessly 
cut  down  by  the  binder,  but  of  which  sufficient 
remains  to  enable  a  lawyer  to  form  some  idea  of 
tlie  annotator's  professional  acumen.  Bound  into 
the  book,  evidently  where  they  were  left  by  the 
writer,  are  two  interesting  papers.  One  is  the 
commencement  of  the  dral't  of  an  opinion,  begin- 
ning:— 

"  Though  R.  N.  has  been  many  years  in  possession,  yet 
be  does  not  swear  that  he  ever  hais  been,  or  ever  expects 
to  be  disturbed  by  any  claimant  whatever,*'  &c  &c 


The  other  is  a  fragment  (the  conclusion)  of  a 
very  curious  paper  on  the  ancient  Hindu  law  of 
inheritance.  It  ia  written  in  a  beautifully  clear 
hand,  evidently  for  press.  The  MS.  nearly  covers 
two  sides  of  a  large  foolscap  leaf. 

I  have  a  still  more  interesting  marginally  anno- 
tated volume,  which  I  met  with  in  Cedcutta  ten 
years  ago.    It  is  the — 

**  True  and  Faithful  relation  of  what  passed  for  many- 
veers  between  Dr.  John  Dee  (a  Mathematician  of  great 
Fame  in  Q.  Eliz.  and  King  James  their  Beignes)  and 
some  Spirits." 

It  is,  unfortunately,  imperfect ;  but  the  greater 
part,  which  remains,  is  full  of  most  el^ratc)' 
marginal  notes,  references,  and  explanations  in  a 
clear  modem  handwriting.  To  several  of  the 
longer  notes  dates  are  appended,  from  which  it 
appears  that  the  greater  part  of  this  singularly 
copious  annotation  was  made  between  March  25. 
and  May  27, 1809.  The  annotator  was  evidently 
a  scholar,  a  linguist,  and,  what  is  more  extraordi- 
nary, an  unqualified  believer  in,  and  admirer  of. 
the  revelations  of  Dee  and  Kelley.  A  few  extracts 
may  sufficiently  illustrate  the  character  of  these 
notes.  Against  the  editor's  remark,  in  the  pre- 
face, that,  by  the  nature  of  the  book,  '*  it  might 
be  deemed  and  termed  a  work  of  Darknesde,^^  we, 
have  the  note  (rather  frayed  at  the  edge),  '^  Non 
Mons  •  •  c'est  un  drame  c^les  ^  •  •  une  ouvre' 
des  plus  lumineus  *  tr^  sublim  *  et  tr^  instruct 
tive.^' 

After  the  assertion  that  Br.  Dee  considered 
himself  a  zealous  worshipper  of  Qod,  and  a  very 
free  and  sincere  Christian,  we  have  the  remark^ 
"  Ajb  he  assuredly  was."    Opposite  the  words — 

"  His  "  [Dee's]  «  only  Tbut  great  and  dreadful)  error 
being  that  he  itiistookValse  lying  Spirits  for  Angels  of 
Light,  the  Divel  of  Hell  (as  we  commonly  term  him) 
for  the  Grod  of  Heaven,** — we  have  the  note :  **  No  each 
thing.'* 

Against  the  statement  that  Dr.  Dee  saw  nothing' 

but  by  Eelley's  eyes,  and  heard  nothing  but  with 

his  ears,  it  is  noted  : — 

**  Yes,  he  twice  heard,  but  only  trifling  circumstances. 
But  he  SAW  the  miracles — his  books  that  he  himself  had 
burnt,  restored  to  him  whole !  The  compact  which  £.K." 
[Kelley]  "  had  torn  in  two,  made  whole :  the  stone  '* 
[afterwards  possessed  by  Horace  Walpole]  "  taken  away 
by  an  invisible  band  in  his  presence,  &c.  E.  K.  constantly 
expressed  a  dislike  to  his  office." 

When  the  editor  again  speaks  with  some  dis- 
paragement of  these  revelations,  it  is  noted:  — 
"  Moi?t  sublime  and  recondite  truths,  such  as  the 
editor  was  too  prejudiced  to  judge  or  understand.*' 

At  page  12,  against  the  sentence —  "  GalVah. 
maid  .  .  .  my  name  is  Galudh,  in  your  language 
I  am  called  Pinis,"  it  is  noted : — 

"  And  so  now,  at  the  end,  as  it  were,  of  time,  wq  have 
a  New  Science,  called  Galvanism,  which  operates  as  a 
fire  infinitely  more  subtile  and  penetrating  than  all  heat 
that  has  yet  been  discovered.** 


70 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  July  24,  '69w 


And  so,  in  page  18,  this  Galvah  makes  par- 
ticular idlusion  to  and  description  of  this  soul  or 
fire  measured  equally  into  everything,  &c.  &c. 
So  in  page  19,  E.  K.  said  *'  Galtah  her  head  is 
80  on  BRIGHT  FIRE  that  it  cannot  be  looked  upon, 
&c"    At  page  60,  as  a  note  to  the  words : — 

"Three  years  are  yet  to  come,  even  in  this  moneth 
(that  beginneth  the  fourth  year)  shall  the  Son  of  perdi- 
tion be  known  to  the  whole  world.  Suddenly  creeping 
ont  of  his  hole  like  an  Adder,  leading  out  her  young  ones 
after  her  to  devour  the  dust  of  the  earth,"— we  have 

**  By  this  passage  is  probably  meant  —  that  at  some 
ftitnre  undefined  period  there  shall  be  a  trienninm,  or  space 
of  three  years  or  thirty  years  for  the  fulfilment  of  this 
most  tremendous  prophecy,  and  now  shortly  to  come  to 
pass  (April  1809)." 

There  is  something  ''  very  like  a  whale  **  at 

page  103.    As  a  note  to  the  words  — 

*'  And  suddenly  the  Firmament  and  the  Waters  were 
joyned together;  and  the  WhalecAMS,  like  unto  a  legion 
of  stormes,"  Ac — it  is  observed : — 

**  Typical  of  this,  perhaps,  a  large  Whale  was  stranded 
at  Gravesend,  and  Drought  up  to  London,  the  latter  end 
of  March,  1809." 

I  shall  only  give  one  more  of  these  notes  at 

present : — 

**  The  50  daughters  of  Danaus  are  the  50  Constella- 
tions who  constantly  draw  light  from  the  Sun,  as  foun- 
tain of  light,  which  they  again  perpetually  pour  out  into 
the  world,  or  universe,  as  the  tub,  and  vet  it  is  never 
filled,  t.  e.  has  no  more  light  than  at  first." 

I  had  often  wondered  what  learned  man,  at  the 
commencement  of  this  century,  could  have  ex- 
pended so  much  labour  and  credulity  upon  such 
a  book  as  this.  Turning  the  volume  over,  page 
by  page,  the  other  day,  I  found  the  solution  of 
this  mrsterv  in  a  quarter  sheet  of  paper  nearly 
coverea  with  notes,  and  bearing  the  following 
communication : — 

"  D'  Sir, 

'*Let  me  most  particularly  request  you  will  come  to 
the  Bank  To-morrow,  at  one  o'clock  precisely,  to  meet 
M'  Wilkins  and  several  other  Gentlemen  in  the  case 
Hastings  o.  F.  Stuart,  as  no  time  is  to  be  lost. 

"  Yours  sincerely, 
"  G.  Templer. 
Tall  Mall, 
Wednesday,  March  1, 1809. 

«  N.  B.  Halhed,  Esqre." 

The  notes  on  this  letter  are  dated  March  20, 
1809.  It  is  clear  that  this  enthusiastic  annotator 
and  cordial  believer  in  Dee*s  and  Kelley's  revela- 
tions was  the  celebrated  Nathaniel  Brassey  Halhed^ 
M.P.^  the  friend  of  Warren  Hastings.  It  is  a 
very  singular  and,  I  believe,  now  for  the  first  time 
discovered  fact  in  the  psychological  history  of  this 
amiable  and  learned,  but  infinitelv  imaginative 
and  credulous  man,  that  having,  m  1795,  pub- 
lished his  Testimony  of  the  Authenticity  of  the 
Prophecies  of  Richard  Brothers,  and  of  his  Mission 
to  recaU  the  Jews-AiiR  bump  of  wonder  should, 
fourteen  years  later,  have  retained  sufficient  acti- 


vity to  lead  him  to  become  an  enthusiastic  dis- 
ciple of  Dee  and  Eelley. 

There  is  a  good  deal  of  information  regarding 
Halhed  in  an  article  entitled  "  Warren  Hasting 
in  Slippers,"  published  about  ten  years  ago  m 
the  Calcutta  Remew,  I  should  be  glad  to  know 
(as  I  have  not,  at  present,  access  to  a  library  of 
reference)  whether  there,  or  in  any  of  the  memoiis 
of  Hastings,  the  case  of  F.  Stuart  is  gone  into. 

CALCUTT^SISr 


SCOTTISH   LESSER   BARONS   (OTHERWISE 
LAIRDS) :  SERVICES  EXACTED. 

It  is  curious  to  observe  what,  even  during  the 
seventeenth  century,  were  some  of  the  services 
stipulated  to  be  performed  at  the  hands  of  their 
tenants  and  dependants,  and  what  also  were  the 
privileges  they  were  presumed  to  confer. 

In  a  tack  right  applicable  generally  to  the 
estate,  dated  in  Nov.  1631,  we  mid  a  laud  in  the 
south-west  comer  of  Renfrewshire  stipulating 
with  his  tenants  for  their  leading  coals  to  serve 
his  house,  and  also  for 

*'  Leiding  and  earning  to  ye  said  R.  M.  of  C.  hfUf 
herring,  and  salt,  yearlie  to  liis  lartdre  [larder  ?1,  and 
wyn,  in  hoggheids  and  barrills,  to  his  wyn  selleris." 

It  was  provided,  however,  that  the  tenants  and 
their  servants  should  have  their  meat  and  drink 
when  performing  such  services.  It  was  another 
stipulation,  that  the  tenants  should 

"  Rvd  with  the  said  R.  M.  to  Barialls,  or  onie  uther  his 
lawfuU  occasionnes  in  onie — within  twall  mylis  of  yair 
awn  honss,  ilk  ane  for  yair  awn  parteis ;  pro vy ding  always 
that  he  charg  them  not  in  quartering,  the  tym.'* 

The  tenants  also  obliged  themselves  to  him^ 
^'  Ilk  ane  of  them  for  yair  own  partis,  by  time 
[turn  ?  j  to  send  ane  horss  and  man  ilk  Sabbath  day 
to  came  ane  gentlewoman  to  the  kirk  " ;  and  that 
when  ''  the  said  K.  M.  or  hiei  forsaidis  were 
dwelling  in  ye  place  of  C* 

Were  sucn  services  as  these,  we  would  respect* 
fully  inquire,  at  this  period  commonly  stipulated 
for  by  tne  lairds  P  and  are  there  any  other  in- 
stances of  similar  exactions  on  record  P  Besides^ 
was  it  usual  for  the  lairds  in  attending  burials  to 
appear  accompanied  by  their  tenants  on  horse- 
back P  The  provision  for  having  the  ladies  trans- 
ported to  the  kirk  on  horseback  is  evidence  of  how 
little  wheeled  carriages  were  in  use  at  this  time, 
and  how  bad  the  roads  must  have  been,  not 
allowing  such  a  use. 

Thirty  years  later  ^on  December  23,  1661),  by 
another  tack  granted  oy  a  successor  of  this  lairo^ 
we  find  him  letting  lands,  said  to  extend  to  a 
twa  shilling  land  or  thereby,  with  houses  &c., 
for  the  space  of  nineteen  years,  to  a  blacksmith  of 
the  name  of  Andrew  Smith,  and  providing  that 
he  — 


4a8.1V.  JdliM,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


71 


"SdlvorkmUuiilhaili: 


k  thst  he  aall  work  to 
said  R.  M.  Bail  employ 


(^  in  fbr  bin  own  piopei 
theaUJDe  weght  ofinaJe  viurii. 
He  was  nlso  to  shoe  the  laird's  "twa  heat  horas" 
for  16a.  Scota  vearlie,  and  any  bje  (uxtra.  P)  horaa 
tlkAt  it  might  ueppen  the  laird  tu  have  for  ISg.id. 
Scots.  And  the  laird,  on  his  part  (For  the  rent 
and  Bervicea  apeciSed  in  the  tack)  granted  to  hia 
tenant  and  hia  auccessora 

"The  benefbit  and  priFlledge  ol  the  marriage,  and 
SrydtBiwilhin  theSbmerk  land  of  G.  (belonging  of  cour«e 
to  him)  during  ths  space  nf  this  present  Tack  tn  be 
Ac^'t  Ulkety.  (the  name;  uf  the  mailing  let)  foresaid." 

Now  the  laird  had,  or  must  have  presumed  he 
hti,  thia  privilege  of  "  marriage  and  orydells,"  in 
hie  gift  in  transferrmL'  it  to  hia  tenant.  But  a 
qneiT  lu^eatod  ia — what  waa  the  nature  of  this 
piiTUege,  and  what  its  money  value  F  or  was 
than  an]' fee  or  due  exigible  either  in  money  or 
in  IdndF  Another  ia— Could  the  laird  by  thelaw, 
^agtom,  or  fashion  of  iho  lime  tie  or  rivet  the 
Baplul  band  himself  P  Could  he,  if  ao,  do  this 
bj*  deputy;  and  if  by  a  deputv,  did  the  latter 
behore  to  be  a  blacliamith?  Wco  has  not  heard 
of  the  Gretna-Oreen  functionary  ?  It  may  be 
proper  to  atate  that  the  laird's  tenant,  beaidea 
«xen:iBing  the  calling  of  a  hlacksmith,  kept  a 
"public,  or  alehouse  ;  and  hia  was  probably  the 
OUT  one  permitted  within  the  twenty-Sye  merk 
land  mentioned.  Some  of  the  contributors  to 
"N.  &  Q-,"  )e|i^l  and  consuetudinary  antiquaries, 
as  we  fondlv  hope,  will  consider  these  queriea 
«afficieutly  mtereating  to  amuse  a  vacant  hour, 
and  will  afford  answers ;  and  they  might  consider 
almg  with  these,  where  the  laird's  "marts"  or 
his  beif"  could  be  killed  or  found;  and  of  what 
bulk  it  might  be,  occasioning  him  to  provide  for 
ita  transportation  to  his  place  of  C.  by  means 
<^  hia  Tarious  tenants.  It  is  proper  to  state 
that  this  laird  was  a  strict  Preabyterisn  Cove- 
nanter; and  for  the  part  which  he  took  in  public 
■iEura  at  the  Pentland  Rising,  as  it  is  called,  in 
lfJ68,  fire  years  later  than  the  date  of  this  tack, 
waa  attainted,  and  hia  life  and  landa  forfeited. 
Hia  life,  however,  he  aaved  by  Hight  to  the  Con- 
tinent, where  he  died  in  exile  a  few  years  after- 
<nudB,  and  before  the  Revolution  came  round, 

Es  FED  A  BE. 


From  the  spot  which  Prince  Albert  gwned  may 
be  Been  the  outlines  of  the  Cumberland  hills,  kc., 
I  weather  being  favourable ;  and  to  commemorate 
'  the  royal  visit,  there  was  erected  on  that  very 
spot  a  memorial  which  received  the  title  of  "  The 
Albert  Tower." 

Not  long  after  the  towpr  wns  built,  I  and  some 
friends— one  of  whom  was  ooe  of  the  (printedj 
committee  appointed  to  conduct  the  proceedian 
in  connection  with  Her  Most  Gracious  Majesty*! 
presence — ascended  to  the  top  of  the  tower,  not  a 
very  lofty  one,  from  the  inside ;  and,  the  weather 
being  fine,  a  very  pleasant  view  was  obtained  of 
what  is  favourably  visible. 

I  happened  also  to  get  into  companr  with  the 
Manxman  who  accompanied  Hia  Royal  Highnesa  ' 
in  hia  undertflliing.  He  told  me  that  it  was  at  a 
time  of  the  morning  when  people  were  not  gene- 
rally astir;  that  he  was,  and  some  one  ukinff 
him  the  way  to  the  top  of  the  hill,  he  undertook 
to  show  him.  But  he  soon  found  that  the  gen- 
tleman ueadad  no  conductor;  for,  being  once  in 
the  track,  he  proved  the  more  agile  climber :  that 
the  Prince  had  almost  accomplished  hia  object 
before  the  authoritiea  of  Ramsey  were  aware  of 
His  lioyal  Highness  being  oahore ;  and  that  thwl 
subsequent  proceedings  had,  in  consequence,  to  ba 
very  eipeditioualy  performed. 

I  found  Mr.  "  Manninagh ''  very  wvil,  commu- 
nicative, and  obliging;  and  he  told  me  that  it 
was  some  time  before  he  began  to  discover  that 
it  was  Prince  Albert;  and  he  further  assured  m«, 
that  His  "  Ardys  Raeoil "  was  "  a  free  and  very 
pleasant  gentleman." 

Since  writing  the  foregoing,  I  have  found  B 
lithograph,  which  I  was  not  able  to  find  in  raj 
first  search,  called  "View  ot  the  Albert  Tower, 
Bamsev,  Isle  of  Man";  about  the  margin  of 
which  I  find  pencilled  the  following  particulars, 
which,  if  not  already  there,  may  not  be  inap- 
propriately transferred  to  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q," 
lor  future  reference ;  — 

leight; 


"  The  er 


li  Birrule  granite 


<n  the  ei 


-HBidei 


THE  ALBERT  TOWEU:  RAMSlir,  ISLE  OF  MAS. 
About  twenty-two   years   ago   (I  write   from 
memory)  our  present  Qu 


and  the  late  P 
n  Ramsey  Bay,  on  their  return 


Consort  anchored  i 
from  Scotland. 

Her  Majesty  did  not  land  on  the  island;  but 
early  in  the  morning  His  Royal  Highness  was  | 
aahore,  and  punning  hie  course  to  the  summit  of  I 
aa  aminenca  orerlo^ing  the  bay,  which  is  con- 
adend  a  reiy  flue  one.  \ 


_    ._  .  is  a  block  of  limestone,  wiih  the  : 

carved   ia   relief,  and  the  fDllowiog  inacriplioa  neatly 

execaled  in  the  old  Anglo-Saxon  character :  — 

'  ALBSnT  TOWBR. 

Erected  on  the  npot 
Where  H.  R.  H.  Prince  Albert 

Stood  to  view 
Ramsey  and  its  Neigbbourhood, 
Durinc  Ibc  viiit  of 
Her  Moat  (iradous  Majealy 
Quern  VictokU 
To  Rimaey  Bay, 
The  xxth  September,  MtiCCCXi.vii.' 
"  The  inscription  wai  executed  by  Mr.  Clegg  of  Ram- 
fey  ;  and  the  design  of  the  tower  waa  furaisbed  by  G.  W. 
Buck,  Esq.,  of  Hanchester. 


72 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[4*k  S.  IV.  July  24,  »69, 


**  Opened  24th  Jnly,  1849.    Weather  exceedingly  un- 
fiiYourable. 

"  Order  of  Procession, 

Police. 

Sanday  and  other  Scholars. 

Band. 

Juvenile  Rechabites. 

Band. 

Adult  Rechabites. 

Band. 

Members  of  the  Amicable  Society. 

The  Philanthropic  Society. 

The  Lezayre  Society.  " 

Odd  Fellows. 

Trades. 

Gentlemen  of  the  Town  and  Neighbourhood. 

Band. 
The  Committee, 
Ck>nsisting  of  the  following  gentlemen  — 
Rev.  W.  Kermode, 

F.  B.  Clucas,  Esq. 
Wm.  Clucas,  Esq. 

G.  W.  Buck,  Esq. 
Honourable  Deemster  Drinkwater. 

F.  Tellet,  Esq. 
W.  Callister,  Esq. 
J.  Mawby,  Esq. 
Police. 
"  See  Mona's  Herald,  July  25th,  1849." 

-     I  cannot  now  say  whether  I  copied  all  these 
particulars  from  the  said  Mafia's  Jletald,  or  whe- 
ther some  of  them  are  the  result  of  my  own  per- 
sonal observations.  J.  Beale. 
.1    Spittle-gate,  Grantham. 


LANCASHIRE  SONG:  "THE  COUNTRY  GABY." 

Perhaps  the  following  Lancashire  song  may 
interest  some  of  your  readers.  Not  long  ago  I 
heard  it  sung,  or  recited,  by  a  Lancashire  man. 
For  the  benefit  of  those  not  well  up  in  this  dia- 
lect, I  may  observe  that  "gaby"  is  pronounced 
as  if  written  "  gaw-bee  *' :  — 

"COUNTRY  GABT. 

"  Bein*  tired  of  whoam  and  feeding  th'  flock, 
And  gettin'  up  at  six  o'clock, 
Dress'd  all  day  in  an  owd  smock  frock, 
Like  a  simple  country  gaby, 

"  I  said  I'll  vast  soon  change  my  way, 
I'll  dress  mj'self  up  smart  and  ga}-. 
And  1*11  go  to  Manchester  to-day. 
If  I'm  but  a  country  gaby. 

[^Spokeji]  "  It  wur  very  near  time  for  me  to  be  off: 
times  wur  got  bad,  mother  wur  grown  owd,  feyther  wur 
grown  deod,  th'  lads  wur  grown  idle,  and  th'  lasses  wur 
either  wed  or  else  wanted  to  be :  so  I  thought  it's  time 
for  me  to  look  after  mysel' ;  and  one  day  I  packed  up 
my  clothes,  bid  goodbve  to  th'  lads,  and  shak'd  hands  wi' 
th'  parish  pump,  and  off  I  started.  But  I  didn't  get 
away  so  easy ;  for  there  wur  a  lass  called  Sally  Straw- 
berry, hoo  followed  me  o'er  aboon  two  fields,  cawing  me 
for  ow  th'  cruel  hearted  as  ever  wur  bom,  hoo  cried  till 
hoo  shed  as  mony  tears  as  would  o'  made  a  canal,  and 
fetched  up  as  many  sighs  as  would  o'  blown  a  boat  o'er 
th'  top  on't.  Then  hoo  went  wi'  me  a  bit  on  th'  way, 
jon'  I  went  wi'  her  back  again ;  and  hoo  went  wi'  me, 
and  I  went  wi'  her,  till  we  didn't  know  which  way  we 


were  goin*.  At  last  I  wur  forced  to  run  for  it,  and  I  left 
hur  — 

"  All  sobbing,  sighing,  crj'in;;  away : 
I  never  shaU  forget  the  day, 
There  surely  wur  the  devil  to  pay. 

When  I  went  like  a  country  gaby. 

"  When  I  geet  to  the  town,  it  wur  market-day ; 
Thinks  I,  now  a  measter  may  faw'  in  my  way  ; 
And  if  he  does  I'll  have  summut  to  say. 
Although  but  a  country  gaby. 

"  I  axed  o'  mony  wi'  a  vary  good  face. 
If  they'd  find  a  lad  wi'  a  vary  good  place ; 
I  said  I  wur  o'  a  vary  good  face, 

And  a  vary  fine  country  gaby. 

ISpoken'l  "  Ot  last  I  yeard  ot  there  wur  a  gentleman 
ot  th  outside  o*  th'  toun  ot  wonted  a  nice  young  mon ;  1 
just  suit  him.  So  I  went  an'  fun  out  th'  pleace,  un' 
knocked  at  th'  door ;  and  there  coom  out  a  varv  nice  sort 
o'  a  felly;  he'd  a  waistcoat  on  made  out  o' buttercups 
un'  daisies ;  he'd  a  coat  tum'd  up  wi'  turkey  rhubarb, 
and  a  pair  o'  whiskers  like  two  blacking-brushes.  *  Well, 
young  mon,'  he  said,  *  what  do  you  want?'  *Well,'  I 
said,  *  I  want  a  good  place,  thank  you.'    *  Why,'  he  aidd, 

*  what  can  you  do  ? '  I  said,  •  Nearly  anything.'  *  Can 
you  wait  at  table  ?  '  *  Oh,  aye.'  I  said,  *  I  can  wait  till 
vou're  done,  I'm  not  in  a  hurr}%  not  I  indeed.*  *  Well, 
but  what  can  you  do  for  a  nobleman  ? '  *  Oh,  I'm  a 
reet  un  for  those  noblemen ;  I  can  feed  a  pig,  waah  a 
gig,  and  comb  a  wig,  milk  a  cow,  tend  to  th'  sow,  and 
follow  th'  plough,  reap  and  mow,  blow  a  horn,  thrash 
your  corn,  set  a  snare  to  catch  a  hare,  watch  your  grounds* 
and  follow  the  hounds,  drain  th'  bogs,  and  fatten  th'  hogs, 

Foison  rats  and  physic  cats,  take  a  part  at  filling  a  cart, 
con  donee  and  whistle,  and  can  sing  a  bit  — .'    *  Oh,'' 
said  he,  *  that  will  do.* — 

"  So  I  hired  myself  without  more  ado. 
And  bid  goodbye  to  the  harrow  and  plough  ; 
An'  I  think  I  was  not  much  of  a  foo'. 
If  I  wur  but  a  country  gaby. 

"  So  the}'  altered  me  from  a  country  clown 
To  as  smart  a  lad  as  you'd  see  in  th'  town ; 
Mi  logusl  how  I  knock'd  up  and  down. 
Although  but  a  country  gaby. 

"  I  could  manage  ought  in  th'  working  line. 
But  they  made  rare  fun  o'  some  words  o'  mine ; 
For  I  could  not  mon'  that  talking  fine, 
I  wur  such  a  country  gaby. 

ISpoken']  "  I  wur  never  up  to  that  talking  fine.  I'd 
never  bin  used  to  it.  But  there  wur  a  young  woman 
there,  they  caw'd  Dolly  the  Dairy -maid,  un'  when  I  did 
owt  rung,*hoo  used  to  tell  me  how  to  do  it  reet,  un'  mony 
a  time  hoo  did  it  for  me :  so  th'  servants  begun  a*  sayin' 
we  should  make  a  pratty  couple,  an'  I  thought  so  mysel'. 
So  one  day  I  said  to  hur :  *  It's  a  very  hard  sort  o*  life, 
is  this  livin'  sarvice ;'  and  hoo  said,  *  It's  most  terrible.' 
I  said,  *  I  should  like  to  leave  it' ;  un'  hoo  said,  *  So  sh'd 
I.'  '  Well,'  I  said,  *  how  would  ta  like  to  live  in  a  little 
place  o'  thy  own  ?  '  Un  hoo  said  hoo  should  like  it  vary 
well,  if  hoo'd — like— or— .  I  said,  *  If  thee'd  anybody  to 
live  with  thee.'    Un'  hoo  said,  *  Just  so.'    *  Well,'  I  said, 

*  did'st  ever  see  onybody  as  thee  would  like  ? '  un'  hoo 
said  hoo'd  seen  a  young  mon  ith'  garden  sometimes  ot 
hoo  didn't  know  lOce— but— .  *  Why  thee  sees  me  ith* 
gardyn  every  day,  what  does  thee  think  of  me  ? '  Hoo 
said,  *  Ger  off  wi*  vou,  you're  alus  a  takin  that  way  if 
one  speaks.'  But  1  seed  how  it  wur;  hoo  couldn't  for 
shame  to  say  *  Yes,'  un'  hoo  couldn't  oford  to  say  *  No.' 
But— 


4*8.  IV.  July  24, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


73 


**  I  took  her  then,  and  gave  her  a  buss, 
And  I  morried  her  straight  without  more  fuss ; 
And  plenty  o'  folks  ha*  done  much  worse, 
Although  but  a  country  gaby." 

James  Nicholson. 


OxENSTLERWA :  Mrs.  Aphra  Behn. — One  would 
haidly  expect  to  find  an  authoress  of  the  lively 
diaracter  of  "  Bonny  Madam  Behn  "  plagiarising 
from  such  a  source  as  the  letters  of  the  grave 
chancellor  of  Gustavus  Adolphus,  hut  the  follow- 
ing coincidence  can  be  hardly  accidental :  — 

*•  Nescis,  mi  fili,  quantilla  prudentia  homines  reguntur." 

OxenstierwCs  Letters  to  his  Son,  1648. 

**  Yet  if  thou  didst  but  know  how  little  wit  governs 
tbti  mighty  universe."  —  Mrs.  A.  Behn'a  Comedy  of  the 
Sommd  IlmdSf  or  Good  Old  Cause,  Act  I.  Sc.  2,  about 
1666. 

H. 

PoTtsmoath. 

Ak  AifSBiCANiSM. — The  expression,  "  to  have 
a  good  time,"  meaning  "  to  enjoy  one's  self,"  has 
lieen  considered  an  Americanism,  although  per- 
haps unjustly.    The  French  have  a  similar  phrase. 
The  following  is  the  concluding  line  of  each  stanza 
of  "  Le  Bon  Temps,"  by  Martial  d'Auvergne,  who 
lived    in   the   fifteenth   century :    (see   La  Lyre 
fran^aue,  London,  1807) — 

"  H^las!  le  bon  temps  que  j'avais  ! " 
The  Hebrews  had  an  expression  somewhat  an- 
alogous — 

"And  in  every  province,  and  in  every  cit}",  whitherso- 
ever the  king*s  commandment  and  his  decree  came,  the 
Jews  had  joy  and  gladness,  a  feast  and  a  good  day,** — 
Esther  viii.  17. 

Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

**  Macbeth. "^There  was  printed  at  Edinburgh 

by  William  Cheyne,  1753,  8vo— 

**  The  Uisitorical  Tragedy  of  Macbeth  (written  origin- 
ally by  Shakespeare).  Newly  adapted  to  tho  Stage.  VVith 
alfeentions  as  performed  at  the  Theatre  in  Edinburgh." 

Then  follows  on  the  title-page :  — 

"N.B,  Whoever  shall  presume  to  print  or  publish  this 
Plaj,  shall  be  prosecuted  to  the  extent  of  the  law,  and  no 
copies  are  authentick  but  such  as  are  signed  by  Edward 
SumoB." 

According  to  the  Bioffraphia  Dramatical  this 
strange  adaptation  to  suit  the  taste  of  the  Edin- 
burgh audience  was  manufactured  by  J.  Lee, 
OTeaumed  to  be  the  manager  of  the  theatre  there. 
But  this  assertion  is  not  supported  by  the  note  on 
the  title,  which  would  vest  the  right  of  property 
in  *' Edward  Salmon,'^  of  whom  I  have  found  no 
account.* 

Lee  was  the  father  of  the  authoress  of  the  once 
popular  Ccmterbury  Tales^   and   of  Sophia  Lee, 

r*  F«fe**N.&Q."3'''»S.x.505.  Salmon  was  prompter. 
Ed.] 


whose  romance  called  The  RecesSy  founded  on  the 
existence  of  certain  imaginary  children  of  Maiy 
Queen  of  Scots,  was  held  in  great  estimation  ban 
a  century  ago.  J.  M. 

Parallel  Passages.  — 

"  Nous  ne  jonissons  jamais ;  nous  esp^rons  toujours." — 
MassiUon,  Sermon  pour  le  Jour  de  Saint  Benoit, 

**  Hope  springs  eternal  in  the  human  breast : 
Man  never  is,  but  always  to  be,  blest," — Pope, 

Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

London  Aldermen.  —  The  following  verses 
appeared  in  January  1823,  in  the  Nexo  Monthly 
Magazine^  at  that  time  edited  by  the  poet  Camp- 
bell.   Are  any  of  these  aldermen  now  living  ?  * 

"  THE  COURT  OP  ALDERMEN  AT  FISHMONGERS*  HALL. 

*'  Is  that  dace  or  perch  ? 
Said  Alderman  Birch. 
I  take  it  for  herring. 
Said  Alderman  Perring. 
This  jack's  very  good, 
Said  Alderman  Wood. 
But  its  bones  might  a  man  slay^ 
Said  Alderman  Ansley. 
1*11  butter  what  I  get, 

Said  Alderman  Heygate.  .    ! 

Give  me  some  stewed  carp. 
Said  Alderman  Thorp. 
The  roe*s  dry  as  pith. 
Said  Aldermen  Smith. 
Don*t  cut  so  far  down. 
Said  Alderman  Brown. 
But  nearer  the  fin. 
Said  Alderman  Glynn. 
IVe  finished  i*  faith,  man. 
Said  Alderman  Waithman. 
And  I  too,  i'  fatkfns, 
Said  Alderman  Atkins. 
They've  crimped  this  cod  droUy, 
Said  Alderman  Schcfley. 
'Tis  bruised  at  the  ridges, 
Said  Alderman  Brydges. 
Was  it  caught  in  a  tlrag  ?  Nay, 
Said  Alderman  Magnay. 
*Twas  brought  by  two  men, 
Said  Alderman  Ven- 
ables.    Yes,  in  a  box, 
Said  Alderman  Cox. 
Thev  care  not  how/wr  tis. 
Said  Alderman  Curtis. 
From  air  kept  and  from  sun. 
Said  Alderman  Thompson. 
Packed  neatly  in  straw, 
Said  Alderman  Shaw. 
In  ice  got  from  Gunter, 
Said  Alderman  Hunter. 
This  ketchup  is  sour. 
Said  Alderman  Flower. 
Then  steep  it  in  claret. 
Said  Alderman  Garret." 
Philadelphia. 

M.E. 

[*  All  these  prime  actors  in  the  Court  of  Aldermen 
have  been  removed  by  death.  Alderman  Magnay  was 
the  last  to  lay  down  his  civic  gown. — Ed.] 


74 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«k  S.  IV.  July  24,  X9. 


Michael  Hewetson. — In  Noble's  Continuation 

of  Chrangei'y  i.  118,  occurs  the  notice  of  a  portrait 

of  a  clergyman  of  this  name :  ^'  4to  mez.  E.  Lut- 

trel  p.,  J.  Smith  f.  1600,  in  his  clerical  habit, 

scarf;  very  scarce  and  fine.'* 

"  It  is  singalar,"  says  Noble,  "  that  so  fine  a  mezzotinto 
should  be  so  little  known,  and  that  the  person  it  repre- 
sents is  still  less  so." 

Probably  this  Michael  Hewetson  was  that  friend 
iVQd  adviser  of  Bishop  Wilson,  of  whom  some  ac- 
count will  be  found  in  Keble's  life  of  that  saintly 
jprelate.  He  was  Archdeacon  of  Armagh,  and  I 
think  Luttrel  was  an  Irishman.  £.  H.  A. 

National  Debts  op  Europe. — The  following 
cutting  from  the  Daily  News  of  the  2nd  of  July, 
is  well  worth  registering  in  "  N.  &  Q."  for  the 
benefit  of  those  readers  who  take  an  interest  in 
financial  matters.  Ebwabd  C.  Dayies. 

Cavendish  Club. 

'*In  a  paper  on  War  Taxation,  recently  read  before 
ihe  National  Reform  Union  at  Manchester,  Mr.  William 
43tokes  presented  the  following  table ; — 

1.  Ducal  Hesse . 

2.  Sweden.    . 

3.  Norwav 

4.  Chili,  §.  America 

5.  Prussia  (1866) 

6.  Turkey .    . 

7.  Oldenburg 

8.  Electoral  Hesse 

9.  Brazil 

10.  Hanover    . 

11.  Russia 

12.  Wttrtemburg 
18.  Saxony 

14.  Belgium     . 

15.  Brunswick 

16.  Bavaria     . 

17.  Baden 

18.  Austria 

19.  Denmark   . 

20.  lUJy 

21.  Portugal    , 

22.  Spain 

23.  Greece 

24.  France 

25.  Hamburg  . 

26.  Holland     . 

27.  Gieat  Britain 
The  debt  of  the  United 

the  rate  of  18/.  18<.  9c/.  per 

Signification  op  the  Word  "  Pupillxjs." — I 
enclose  a  cutting  from  the  CambHdge  Chronicle  of 
June  26th.  Which  is  right,  the  framer  of  the 
Grace  or  the  M.A.  ?  P.  J.  F.  Gantillon. 

'*  latin  graces. 

«  Sir,— In  the  paragraph  from  the  Pall  Mall  Gazette, 
qnoted  in  your  number  for  June  12th,  a  portion  of  the 
Grace  of  the  Senate  respecting  the  admission  of  non-col- 
legiate students  is  given,  the  clause  running  *quanam 
eommodissime  ratione  provideatur  recipiendis  in  acade- 
miam  puptUisj  &c. 

''Now,  Sir,  when  I  was  at  school  in  Cambridge,  <  con- 
snle  Planco,'  I  used  to  be  told  that  pupiUus  meant  an 


NATIONAL  DKIIT. 

AMOL->T 
FEB  UKAD. 

£228,916    . 

.£054 

4,114,880    . 

.10    0 

1,854,157    . 

.     1     1  10 

2,933,405    . 

.    1  15    0 

42,123,064    . 

.    1  15    8 

69,142,270    . 

.     1  19     1 

621,585    . 

.212 

1,845,892    . 

.296 

80,762,289     . 

.313 

6,423,955    . 

.336 

274,544.770    . 

.    3  14    1 

7,033,911     . 

.    3  19    6 

9,912,049    . 

.    4    4  10 

25,070,021     . 

.507 

1,707,707    . 

.    5  16    5 

29,669,267    . 

.635 

9,256,728    . 

.696 

268,965,064    . 

.753 

14,862,465    . 

.    8  18    9 

211,503,298    . 

.983 

42,930,472    . 

.    9  17    4 

163,927,471    . 

.  10    4    6 

14,000,000    . 

.  12  15    3 

566,680,057    . 

.  14  18    9 

4,222,897    . 

.  16  16    5 

81,790,799    . 

.  21  17  10 

797,031,650    . 

.  26  10    0 

Stotes  is  579,880,391/.,  or  at 

head. 

orphan^  ward,  or  minor,  and  was  never  used  as  we  use  the 
word  student  or  pupil.  I  well  recollect  '  catching  it '  for 
rendering  *  custode '  *  tutor '  in  Horace,  A,  P,  161,  and,  if 
I  nm  not  mistaken,  was  then  told  the  meaning  of  pupUhu, 
to  which  I  have  alreadv  alluded.  Forcellini's  Lexicon,  to 
which  I  have  just  referred,  bears  me  out.  He  does  not, 
however,  give  a  passage  which  bears  exactly  on  the  ques- 
tion. Horace,  Epist.  i.  1,  21 :  *  Ut  piger  annus  PupUKs 
quos  dura  premit  custodia  matrum.'  in  case  there  should 
be  a  reaction  in  favour  of  Latin  Graces,  I  shall  be  hi^py, 
for  the  sake  of  accurate  scholarship,  19  revise  the  phrase- 
ology. 

"  I  am,  Sir,  yours  sincerelv. 


Agnes  de  Castbo. — I  observe  amongst  Heame*8 

books,  as  appears  by  the  catalogue  of  his  libraiTi 

given  in  the  appendix  to  the  jReliqtUce  (2nd  edit 

iii.  297)— 

"Two  New  Novels — 1.  The  Art  of  Making  Love. 
2.  The  Fatal  Beautv  of  Agnes  de  Castro.  London, 
1688.  8vo." 

Who  wrote  the  last,  and  is  any  copy  of  it  known 
to  be  extant  P  E.  H.  A, 

Cake. — What  is  the  origin  of  the  word  cake  as 
applied  to  an  unwise  person  ?  T.  P.  F. 

A  Cambridge  Tia. — There  was  in  use  at  Cam- 
bridge, about  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  a  three-handled  silver  cup  containing 
about  a  quart.  The  handles  were  equidistant 
from  one  another,  and  the  cup  was  called  a  "  tig." 
Can  any  of  your  readers  say  why  it  was  so  called, 
and  is  there  such  a  cup  in  existence  at  Cambridge 
now  ?  Wtlmb, 

Fbaseb  of  Ness. — I  shall  be  greatly  obliged  to 
any  one  who  will  give  me  any  information  (either 
in  the  pages  of  *'  N.  &  Q."  or  by  letter. addressed 
care  of  the  publisher)  respecting  Simon  Eraser  of 
Ness  Castle,  whose  only  daughter  and  heiress, 
Marjory,  married  Alexander,  mteenthLordSalton. 
I  am  particularly  desirous  to  discover  some  ac- 
count of  his  descent.  F.  M.  S. 

The  High  and  Low  German  liANGXTAGSS.  — 
Where  can  I  meet  with  the  best  accounts  of  the 
peculiar  idiosyncracies  of  the  High  German  lan- 
guage, those  that  distinguish  it  from  the  Piatt 
Deutsch  of  Hanover,  &c.    Henry  H.  Howobth. 

Holbein  Portrait.  —  In  a  country-house  in 
Dorset  there  is  a  picture  with  Holbein  s  name  on 
the  panel,  and  undoubtedly  an  original  work  of 
that  great  painter;  its  size  is  nine  by  eleven 
inches.  It  is  the  full-face  portrait  of  an  elderly 
man  with  a  long  visage,  large  grey  eyes,  and  thin 
light  beard ;  he  is  dressed  in  a  red  robe,  and  wears 
a  ruff  and  a  black  cap.  In  the  angle  above  his  left 
shoulder  is  a  coat  of  arms,  not  very  distinctly 
painted ;  but,  as  well  as  I  can  make  out  the  charges 
on  the  shield,  they  are  as  follow,  viz :  — 


i-^S-IT.  Jdi.t24.'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


7S 


"Qy.  1  and  4,  gn.  a  ch«TTDn  engTailed  between  three  I 
ieopaTds'  faon  !  nd  1  {mar  be  rosea),  or ;  1  and  3,  arg.  i 
Mo  bus  between  thne  balls  (7),  2  and  l,u." 

There  is  leason  to  suppose,  from  circumstances 
coimected  with  the  family  historj  of  the  geotlC'  , 
mftn  to  whom  this  picture  belongs,  that  it  may  be 
a  portrait  of  Cardinal  Wolsey.  It  has  been,  in-  , 
deed,  genetallf  considered  to  be  so ;  but  from 
uotieM  that  have  appeared  in  these  pages  (4"'  S. 
iil  689,  Ac.)  there  would  seem  to  be  conaderable  ■ 
room  for  doubt  on  thia  point.  If  not  a  portrait  of  , 
Ibe  cardinal,  it  ia  that  of  some  other  emment  per- 
nuf^  of  the  period  in  which  he  lived,  and  the 
beraldic  atcbieTement  may  afford  a  clue  to  his  iden- 
d£cation.  Any  suggestion  towards  this  discovery 
would  be  thankfully  ackuonledged.     W.  W.  8. 

MisacoTAiTOH.  —  "  In  the  sweat  of  thy  face 
•halt  thoo  eat  bread,"  Gen.  iii.  19,  I  am  now  in 
my  ^shty-second  year,  and  have  only  once  heaid 
the  uioTe  sentence  correctly  quoted  either  from 


eat  bread."  Scripture  langua^  is  most  expres- 
flTe — "In  the  sweat  of  thy  face  shalt  thou  eat 
bread."  A  little  labour  may  cause  the  sweat  of 
the  brow,  but  it  requires  more  labour  to  produce 
the  nreat  of  the  face.  How  does  the  mistahe 
uiae?  I  have  Bibles  from  the  earliest  date: 
three  copies  of  the  "  Breeches  Bible,"  commencing 
with  Miles  Corerdale  in  1636,  and  a  number  of 
more  modem  dates :  all  ate  alike  as  it  regards 
that  MuteDce.  I  have  often  named  the  error  to 
diTines  and  others,  but  they  were  incredulous, 
and  w«re  obliged  to  refer  to  the  Bible  to  see  if  I 
waa  correct.  OBaEBviTOB. 

XottiiiEbain. 

Pakodt  or  Goldsmith. — What  was  the  sixth 
line  of  the   following  parody   upon  Goldsmith's 
■tsnuB  on  woman  in  the  Vkar  of  Wakefieldf  — 
Stamiu  <m  Man.     £y  Dr.  Silrtrimilh. 
"  ff  hen  fonlish  man  consenla  lo  marry, 
And  finil),  too  Ute,  bis  wife  a.  shrew, 
When  she  brr  point  in  all  must  carrj-, 
Tia  hard  lo  say  whafs  best  to  do. 
"  InJiopes  tbe  breedies  to  recover, 


Tob. 


IS  free  B< 


tIov 


1  only  method  . 

Bah-Point. 

PbiUdelphia. 

Pope's  Verses  to  Mrs.  Pisott. — Ijpscomb 
ia  his  Hitlory  of  Buck)  (i.  411)  says  that  on  a 
nuall  pane  of  gUss  in  one  of  the  windows  of  an 
apartment  at  the  S  E.  angle  of  Doddershall  House, 
Bucks,  was  a  complimentary  copy  of  verses  written 
with  a  diamond  by  Pope,  and  with  his  signature 
HiDeied,  addressed  to  viscountess  Say  and  Sele, 
then  Mrs.  Pigott,  when  he  was  a  visitor  at  Dod- 
iershall.  Have  these  been  preserved  P  The 
T)KonntWBS  her  third  husband,  and  was  the  son  of 


Richard  Flennes,  rootot  of  Foicote,  by  Penelope, 
daughter  of  George  Chamberlaine,  Esq,,  of  Ward- 
ington,  Oxon.  He  succeeded  to  the  title  iu  1743, 
and  died  1781  at  Doddershall,  the  title  becoming 
eilinct,  the  barony  having  been  in  1781,  before 
his  death,  adjudged  to  belong  to  tbe  family  of 
Twisleton,  descended  from  James  Hennes,  second 
Viscount  Say  and  Sele.  The  viscountess  is  be- 
lieved to  have  died  aged  one  hundred,  but  this  was 
never  ascertained.  When  more  than  ninety  she 
danced  with  elegance  end  grace.  She  once  ob- 
served, "that  she  bad  chosen  her  first  husband  for 
love,  her  second  for  riches,  and  the  third  for 
honours]  and  that  she  had  now  some  thoughts 
of  beginning  again  in  the  same  order."  (GenL't 
JVfa^.  lii.  764.)  She  was  succeeded  in  the  pos- 
session of  Doddershall  by  William  Pigott,  Esq., 
of  Colton,  Staffordshire. 

John  Pigsot,  Juh.,  F.S.A. 

PoptiLATiON  OP  LoNDOH,  temp.  Hehey  II. 

Is  the  population  of  London  known  as  it  existed 
in  the  leign  of  Henry  U, :  I  do  not  mean  accu- 
rately, as  we  can  now  supply  the  information,  but 
with  any  probability  P  Fitzatephen  gives  to  it 
and  its  suburbs  "  thirteen  greater  conventical 
churches,  beside  126  lesser  pariah-churches,  139 
in  all."  This  would  seem  to  miply  a  conuderable  ' 
population.  J.  A.  O. 

Carisbrooke. 

Provincialisms  :  Mowth  :  Turk. — The  word 
mowlh  occurs  as  a  synonym  for  mowing  in  an  ad- 
vertisement in  Jackion'i  Oxford  Journal  of  June 
12.  It  is  there  stated  that  "theright  of  two  men's 
mointh  yearly"  over  a  certain  meadow  is  attached 
to  the  property  announced  for  sale ;  but  on  my 

Suestiooing  a  labourer  in  an  adjoining  parish  I 
ound  that  he  had  never  heaia  ^e  expression 
made  use  of.  Perhaps  some  local  "  George 
Robins"  has  engrafted  th^  word  into  tbe  lan- 
guage. 

Trtre  is  commonly  used  in  North  Oxfordshire 
to  denote  the  narrow  alley  or  passage  between  two 
rows  of  houses,  which  is  so  frequently  met  with 
in  the  villages  round  Banbury,  What  is  the 
etymology  of  the  word  ?  L,  X, 

Thb  Pythaoobeak  Lextbk. — It  was  a  curious 
notion  of  Pythagoras  that  bj  the  letter  Y  were 
i  symbolised  me  two  paths  of  virtue  and  vice :  the 
former  by  the  thin,  the  latter  by  the  thick  stroke. 
To  this  notion  PersiuB  evidently  alludes  in  the 
following  lines  :  — 

"  Et  tibl,  qoie  Samioa  didnxit  liter*  ramos, 
Surgentem  dextro  moaitravjt  limita  callam." 

Sat.  iii.  56,  57. 

To  which  may  be  added,  as  quoted  from  Mar- 
tial in  the  Delphin  Notes,  which  I  cannot  how- 
ever find  in  the  Epigrams  — 

'  Liters  PTthagone,  diicrimiDe  sects  blcoroi, 
Hnmaiue  vita  apeciem  proferrs  videtnr." 


n 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


[^S.IV.  Jm.TM.'B 


In  these  alluuoDS  it  is  impi)!uib1e  not  to  mark  a 
Tery  atrikinar  Tesemblance  to  the  figure  employnd 
by  our  Lord  in  Matthew  vii.  13, 14.  And  accord- 
ing to  his  usual  custom  of  seizing  upon  anything 
pecnlinr  in  the  habits,  opinions,  or  traditions  of 
his  hearers,  so  that,  by  accommodating  hia  lan- 

r'fi  to  them,  he  might  the  bstter  engogH  and 
their  attention,  it  has  struck  me  that  he 
might,  in  this  inatwice,  not  have  addressed  them 
without  reference  to  some  such  uoUon  then  pre- 
valent among  the  Jews. 

That  certain  of  the  Pythsgorean  doctrines  were 
known  to  and  accepted  by  many  of  that  nation,  is 
H  fact  quite  beyond  dispute.  The  Pharisees,  ac- 
cording to  Josephua,  believed  in  a  kind  of  met- 
empsychosis (see  Ant.  iviii.  I,  Jt;  BeU.  ii.  8,  14), 
which  may  also  be  inferred  from  the  question 
proposed  in  John  is.  2  relative  to  the  man  who  was 
bom  blind.  Will  any  correspondent  of"  N.&  Q." 
interested  in  biblicaJ  studies  obligingly  give  mc 
bis  opinion  of  the  view  I  have  taken,  or  point  out 
instances  of  a  similar  kind  ? 

Bduund  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Reclmj-. 

Sci»-DIALS. — Very  many  interesting  and  curious 
books  have  been  puolishedon  bells,  and"  N.&Q." 
informs  us  from  time  to  time  of  others  being  pre- 
pared ;  but  I  am  not  aware  of  any  book  or  even 
tractate  in  any  language  devoted  to  sun-dials.  I  ' 
shall  bo  glad  to  be  informed  of  such  if  I  am  mis-  I 
taken.  Having  for  a  number  of  years  been  ac- 
customed to  acton  Captain  Cuttle's  advice,  I  find 
my  note-book  pretty  well  filled  with  striking  and 
memorable  inscriptions  from  sun-dials  that  have 
come  under  my  own  notice,  and  I  think  of  dedi- 
cating a  small  illuBtrated  volume  to  them.  Ac- 
cordingly, I  shall  feel  grateful  if  correspondents 
erf  "  N.  &  Q."  favour  me  with  any  noticeable 
legends  or  deugna  known  to  tbera.  Of  course 
literal  accuracy  is  absolutely  indispensable,  as 
well  OS  authentic  information  on  the  locaie,  date, 
&C.  of  the  respectivb  dials.  A.  B.  Ukosari.     | 

St  George's,  Blackburn,  Lancashire. 

Upfkin. — Most  people  know  what  muffins  and  , 
crumpets  are,  but  in  East  Kent  the  former  (or 
something  very  like  them)  aie  known  as  uffTuna.  i 
I  am  ignorant  of  the  etymology  of  the  word. 

Qeorqg  Bedo. 

6.  Polross  Road,  Brixton.  i 

Wn-LIAM  OF  Oranoe.  —  Mr.  Motley,  in  his  ! 
Site  of  the  Diitrh  Republic,  speaks  of  its  founder  ' 
as  "  William  the  Kinth  of  Omnge."  Other  autho-  ] 
rities  speak  of  him  as  "William  the  Firit  of  ' 
Orange."    IIow  is  this  to  be  accountod  for  ?  i 

J.W.  T. 

■Wiltshire  Moosraebbs. — What  ia  the  real 
origin  of  the  term  "  moonraker,"  aa  applied  to  ' 
■VratshiramenP  P.    1 


fiuccinf  inilli  and&itcd. 
Shaeebs. — When  in  America  Inst  April,  I 
paid  these  interesting  people  a  visit  at  their  set- 
tlement near  Albany  (N.  York),  but  was  unable 
to  find  any  history  or  printed  account  of  their 
origin  or  rclij^Aus  tenets  published  in  America. 


[Th. 


by  whom  is  it  written  and  publishedr   A.  B. 
of  Shakers  was  fonnaed  in  Americn  by  one 

'  close  of  tlip  last  centur)-  with  ten  of  her  disciple!.  Mors 
intcreetint;  thaa  Clie  pccalisrity  of  their  wonhip  is  the 
mode  of  life  of  these  people.  The  taai  and  the  womeo, 
thoRgh  they  danoe  together  on  Sundays,  live  in  aeparatu 
caminuiiitie.^  hound  to  celibacy;  und  they  are  stated  to 
1>B  the  only  class  who  ia  Aaicrica  have  saccoi'ded  In 
maiDlaiiiiog  the  comniunity  principle  through  a  long 
aeries  of  years.  Their  time  is  devoted  to  work.  Tliay 
'  are  thrifty  farniers,  their  barns  full,  and  tlieir  bauds  hard 
with  honest  labour.  They  supply  ■  the  world  of  man- 
kind,' OS  tbeir  phrase  is,  with  exceUcDt  hutt«r,  fat  turkeys, 
nnd  tiue  cattle.  They  have  a  good  repute  for  honesty, 
but  they  arc  careful  to  hare  their  full  amount  of  money 
for  money's  worth.  lu  the  season  the  women  mako 
knick-knacks  aud  ornaments  for  Indici  visiting  tha 
country,  and  take  pleasure  in  amusing  the  young  city 
people  who  go  to  see  tbem.  Like  their  mectiue-houBes, 
their  dweliinga  are  plain,  but  neat,  and  kept  witb  soni- 
pulous  cleanlineM.  Their  horses  and  csttlc  are  in  ex- 
cellent condilioo.  and  their  Qelds  are  Indus  triouily  tilled. 
They  live  very  plainly,  dress  in  antique  Puritan  costamet 
and  are  useful  in  their  way.  The  history  of  this  aiognlar 
community  m&y  be  learnt  from  the  following  works  ;— 

1.  -Vn  Account  of  the  People  called  Shakers;  to  which 
is  amied  a  ilistun-  of  their  Rise  and  Progress  to  tiie 
present  Day.    Troy,  1812,  I2ino. 

1.  Altetumof  Departed  Spirits  into  the  Bodies  of  the 
Shakers.  Ily  an  Assoi'iate  of  the  said  Society  (i.  e.  L.  G. 
Thoraai?)  I'hiladdpliia,  1843,l2mo. 

3.  Proceedings  eoncoming  Shakers.  2  vols.  New 
York,  imc,  linio. 

4.  Report  nf  the  I:xsmination  nf  the  Shakers  of  Can- 
terbury ond  ICnfield  before  the  New  Hampshire  Legisla- 
ture at  (he  November  Session,  1848.  Concord,  N.  H. 
184D,  8vo. 

5.  Testimony  of  Christ's  Second  Appearing  Eiemidi- 
iieil.  History  of  the  Progressive  IVork  of  God:  Anli- 
cbriafs  Kingdnni;  or.  Churches  Contrasted  with  the 
Church  of  Christ's  First  and  Second  Appearing.  Bs" 
David  Barrow,  J.  Mcucham,  B.  8.  Youngs,  and  C.  Green. 
Publiehed  by  the  United  Society  called  Shakers.  Fourth 
Kilition.    Albany,  U.  S.  1856,  Svo. 

«.  A  Summary  View  of  the  Millennial  Church,  or 
United  Society  of  Delievcrs  calleil  Shakers,  compri^ 
their  Rise  and  Progress.    Albany,  U.S.    8vo. 

Consult  also  SlaMiien'i  Hiitorgof  CtriaiioH  Churcket 
and  Steli,  ii.  820,  I85G ;  and  "  X.  li  Q."  i"  S.  Ml.  SOS, 
625  i  Si"  S.  V.  424.] 


4*  S.  IV,  July  24,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES: 


W 


Ben  JoifsOK'  attd  Sir  B.  Rudterd. — I  have 

found,  bound  up  in  a  folio  copy  of  Ben  Jonson'a 

works,  twelye  verses  in  MS.  with  this  heading  — 

^'  Written  by  Ben:  Johnson  und'  S'  Ben:  Rudyard's 

Picture."    The  lines  begin  — 

**  Coo'd  wee  (as  here  his  Figure)  see  his  Mind, 
Words  wQu'd  be  Speechless,  where  a  Soul  wee  find 
So  high."  &c. 

Beneath  them  is  written — "Coppy'd  fro  M' 
Benjohnsons  own  hand.'*  I  wish  to  ascertain 
whether  these  lines  are  authentic  or  not.  They 
are  not  printed  in  the  folio  of  1692  or  the  8vo  of 
1848. 

The  handwriting  is  in  the  style  of  the  end  of 
the  seventeenth  or  beginning  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  Tbere  are  some  Latin  iambics  signed 
*'  B,  J."  amonp:  the  commendatory  verses  at  the 
end  of  Thos.  Famaby's  edition  of  Seneca's  tra- 
gedies (8vo,  London,  1013).  Are  these  Ben 
Jonson's  ?  W.  J. 

Haacbester. 

[The  twt^re  verses,  so  highly  flattering  to  the  quali- 
ties of  Sir  Benjamin  Rudycrd,  have  been  attributed  by 
aome  to  Sir  Henry  Wotton;  others  consider  they  are 
from  ^e  pen  of  John  Owen,  the  celebrated  epigrammatist. 
(Manning's  Memoir*  of  Sir  B.  Rudyerd^  ed.  1841, 
p.  2d4.)  The  Latin  iambics  at  the  end  of  Famaby's 
editi<m  of  Seneca's  Tragedies  appear  to  be  from  the  pen 
of  Ben  Jonson.] 

TucH  OR  Touch. — On  a  mural  monument  in 

my  church,  dated  1645,  there  is  an  inscription  in 

▼eise,  beginning  thus : — 

"  Marble,  nor  Tuch,  nor  Alabaster  can 
Bcveal  the  worth  of  the  long-buried  man,"  d:c. 

What  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  "  Tuch  "  ? 

t.  w.  r. 

£Tbe    "word  Tuch  is  probably  only  the  stonecutter*s 

blander  for    Touch,  which  Johnson,  in  his  Dictionary 

(Todd's  edition),  s,  v„  thus  describes  ; — "  A  common  kind 

of  black,  marble,  frequently  made  use  of  in  ornaments, 

was  formerly  called  touch.    From  its  solidity  and  firm- 

neaa  it  was  also  used  as  a  test  of  gold  ;  and  from  this 

use  of  it  the  name  itself  was  taken.    It  seems  to  be  the 

same  with  that  anciently  called  basalt.    Rev.  Mr.  \Yhal- 

leT*s  note  on  the  following    passage  in  Ben  Jonson's 

Fbrett,  ii.: — *  Show  of  touch   or  marble.'    So    Fuller, 

ff'ori^ks  (Yorkshire)  :  — *  Vulgar  eyes  confound  black 

marble  polished  to  the  height,  with  touchy  goat  (Jet),  and 

ebon  v.'" 

Kichardson,  in  his  Dictionary^  furnishes  a  very  parallel 
quotation  from  Holinshed,  Description  of  England^  b.  iii. 
c.  9 : — **  If  neither  alabaster  nor  marble  dooth  suffice,  we 
have  the  touchtUme  called  in  Latine  Lydius  lapis,  shining 
«  giasjje,  either  to  match  in  sockets  with  our  pillars  of 
alabaster  or  otherwise."] 

Philip  and  Mary. — In  Hume's  Ilistoi'y  of 

EmgUmd  it  is  stated  that  Philip  and  Mary  ^^  were 

*  married  at  Westminster.''    Alt  other  authorities 


that  I  have  seen  make  Winchester  Cathedral  the 
scene  of  their  marriage.  Was  Hume  mistaken^  or 
is  the  word  "  Westminster  "  a  misprint  origi- 
nally, or  onlv  in  the  edition  1  have  (ed.  Jones, 
1826,  p.  422)  P  J.  W.  T. 

[Philip  and  Mary  were  married  in  Winchester  Gather 
dral  on  July  25,  1554,  the  festival  of  St.  James,  the 
patron  saint  of  Spain.  A  raised  causeway,  covered  with 
red  serge,  leading  to  two  thrones  in  the  choir,  had  been 
prepared  for  the  marriage  procession.  Queen  Mary 
walked  on  foot  from  the  episcopal  palace.  She  met  her 
bridegroom  in  the  choir,  and  they  took  their  seats  in  the 
chairs  of  state,  an  altar  being  erected  between  them. 
The  chair  on  which  Queen  Mary  sat  is  stUl,  we  believe, 
shown  at  Winchester  Cathedral.] 

The  Lady  Mayoress  of  York  always  a- 
Lady.  —  Is  there  any  historical  explanation  of 
this  privilege  enjoyed  hy  the  lady  of  the  Lord 
Mayor  of  York?  Perhaps  it  may  have  abeadj. 
been  asked  and  replied  to  in  ^'N.  &  Q.'\  If  so, 
I  beg  to  apologise  to  the  learned  and  courteous. 
Editor  for  putting  the  query,  J.  A.  G. 

Carisbrooke. 

[An  article  on  thi^  supposed  ancient  right  possessed, 
by  the  wives  of  the  York  Mayors  appeared  in  our  2°^  S. 
viii.  39G.  The  writer  there  quoted  the  following  rhyme 
as  his  authority  for  the  custom  :  — 

"  The  Mayor  is  a  Lord  for  a  year  and  a  day, 
But  his  wife  is  a  Lady  for  ever  and  aye." 
According,  however,  to  Sampson's  Yorkist  Handbook,ihe 
custom  originated  in  the  humour  or  courtesy  of  the 
citizens,  and  is  now  no  longer  in  use  even  in  the  ciric 
circles.] 

Sir  Godfrey  Kkellbr. — Under  a  portrait  of 
Kneller,  engraved  hy  Jos.  Baker,  is  the  following 
inscription:  —  "Sir  Godfrey  Kneller,  Kn*  and 
Bart."    Was  he  ever  a  Baronet  ?  P.  A.  L. 

[Sir  Godfrey  Kneller  was  knighted  by  King  Wil- 
liam III.  on  March  3,  1691-2;  George  1.  made  him 
a  baronet  on  May  24, 1715.  The  Emperor  Leopold  made 
him  a  knight  of  the  Roman  Empire.] 


CAKNAC. 
(4'»»  S.  iv.  1,  58.) 

I  have  read  with  great  interest  the  note  of 
your  correspondent,  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Jackson,  sug- 
gesting a  solution  of  the  Camac  "  Celtic  Monu- 
ment "  mystery,  which  has  heen  so  long  a  puzzle 
to  antiquaries.  These  thousands  of  hlocks  of 
stones  Mr.  Jackson  believes  were  erected  as 
memorials  of  the  massacre  of  St.  Ursula  and  ^^  the 
eleven  thousand  virgins."  Mr.  Jackson  gives 
manv  reasons  in  support  of  his  suggestion,  and  I 
am  happy  to  aid  him  with  others.  I  had,  lon^ 
previous  to  the  publication  of  his  paper,  pointed 
to  the  fact  that  "St.  Juwit  [misprintea  Jurat], 


78 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«i  S.  IV.  July  84,  '«•. 


priest  and  martyr,  in  whose  honour  the  Dinan 
commune  [St.  Juvat]  is  designated,  was  the  spiri- 
tual director  of  St.  Ursula  "  (see  "  N.  &  Q."  3'«>  S. 
iv.  274). 

The  following  extract  from  Dom  Lobineau,  Lea 
Vies  des  Saints  de  Bretagne,y.  10  (Rennes,  1726), 
shows  the  interest  felt  in  Britanny  with  respect 
to  the  martyrdom  of  St.  Ursula  and  her  com- 
panions :  — 

**  La  fete  de  Sainte  Ursule  et  des  onze  mille  vierges  est 
marquee  h.  trois  lemons,  dans  la  plfipart  des  anciens  calen- 
driers  de  Bretagne  au  21  d*octobre.  LV^lise  de  Yannes, 
dans  son  propre  imprim^  en  1660,  fait  office  semi-double, 
le  2  de  May  de  Sainte  Avie,  ou  Avoi,  Vierge  et  Martyre, 
ou  autrement  dite  Sainte  Av^e,  dont  une  ^gliae  du  dio- 
c^  porte  le  nom ;  et  Ton  croit  que  cette  Sainte  a  it^ 
Tone  des  compagnes  de  Sainte  Ursule. 

"  Dans  la  paroisse  de  St.  Juvat,  aupr^  de  Dinan,  an 
dioc^  de  St.-Mido,  se  fait,  le  21  octobre,  la  fgte  de 
Saint  Juvat,  sous  le  rite  Martyr  non  Pontife,  et 
Ton  renvo'ie  la  fete  de  Sainte  Ursule  au  premier  jour 
suivant  qui  se  trouve  libre.  On  n*y  a  de  ce  Saint  ni 
lemons,  ni  oraisons  propres;  ce  qui  fait  voir  que  Ton 
ignore  les  particularitez  de  sa  vie  et  du  tems  auquel  il  a 
vecu.  LVglise  qui  porte  son  nom  est  ancienne,  et  dans 
les  actes  de  Tan  llb2,  elle  est  appell^  Ecclesia  Semcti 
Juvati,  On  assure,  mais  ce  n'est  qu'une  tradition  popu- 
laire,  qu'il  ^toit  Pretre,  et  qu'il  souffrit  le  martyre  avec 
Sainte  Ursule,  dont  on  veut  qu'il  ait  4t4  directeur." 

Of  St.  Juvat  it  is  said,  in  a  modem  hagio- 
graphy,  published  by  authority :  — 

**  Les  nns  pensent  que  n^  dans  la  Grande-Breta^inie  il  y 
fiit^ev^  au  Sacerdoce,  devint  directeur  de  Sainte  Ursule, 
partit  avec  elle,  vers  883,  pour  TAm^rique  et  fut  mar- 
tyrise avec  les  vierges  que  Croan-Meriades  appellait  h 
dlionorables  alliances. 

**  Les  autres  le  confondent  avec  Saint  JuduaL*' — Le 
Garady,  Vies  des  Bienheureux  et  des  Setints  de  Bretagne, 
p.  312.    (St.  Brieuc,  1839.) 

Albert  le  Grand,  in  his  Life  of  St.  Ursula  (§  5) 
mentions  the  names  of  some  of  her  female  com- 

Snions,  viz.  the  SS.  Sentie,  Gr^goire,  Pinoze, 
ardie,  Saule,  Britule,  Satumie,  Rabagie,  Pal- 
ladie,  Clemen  ce,  and  Grata ;  to  which  have  been 
added,  by  M.  Miorce  de  Kemadet,  the  following : — 

"  Anastasie,  Antonine,  Aur^ie,  Avoye,  Brigide,  Gala- 
mande,  Candide,  G^ile,  Christancie,  Christine,  Claire, 
G^omale,  Colombine,  Cordure,  Cundjfonde,  Cunfere,  Eu- 
genie, Fleurine,  Flore,  Florine,  Gerdnie,  Hel^ne,  Uonor^e, 
Jeanne,  Julienne,  Langnide,  Mactande,  Nathalie,  Odille, 
Orsmarie,  Pan^t'rMe,  Praxeide,  Sapience,  Seconde,  S^mi- 
baire,  Sigillende,  Sponse,  Th^oroate,  diverscs  Ursules, 
Yal^re,  Walpuge,  et  Wibaude.     Les  compagnons  des 

saintes  ^taient  SS.  Aouilin,  Cl^mat,  Cyriaque,  lEthfere, 
Foilan,  Juvat,  Kilien,  Linold,  Pontale,  Quiron,  Simplice 
et  Valfere."— Le  Grand,  Les  Vies  des  Stxints  de  la  Bretagne- 
Armorique,  avec  notes  etc.  par  Miorce  de  Kerdanet,  revues 
par  Graveran,  p.  637,  n.  2.    (Brest,  1837.) 

From  the  earliest  times  there  are  in  Britanny 
traces  of  a  great  devotion  to  St  Ursula ;  and  the 
proofs  of  it  are  to  be  found  in  the  numerous 
Ursuline  communities  spread  over  all  parts  of  the 
province.  Of  the  celebrated  saint  and  Duchess 
of  Britanny,  St.  Frances  of  Amboise,  it  is  said 


that,  such  was  her  devotion  to  St  Ursula  and  her 

holy  companions,  that  she  — 

**  en  leur  honneur,  donnoit,  toutes  les  semaines,  k  disner 
k  onze  Vierges :  elle  fonda  une  Messe  Hebdomadale  en 
leur  honneur,  aux  Chartreux  de  Nantes,  et  se  faiaoit 
peindre  pr^nt^e  par  Sainte  Ursule,  comme  il  se  voit  an 
couvercle  du  Tableau  du  grand  Autel  du  Convent  de  FF. 
PP,  de  Nantes  et  ^s  vitraux  de  la  Chappelle  de  N. 
Dame  de  Nazareth,  au  Monastere  de  Sco^tz,  pr^  ladite 
Yille:  aussi  fut-elle  visits  et  console  d'elles,  en  son 
dernier  temps  comme  nous  avons  dit  en  sa  vie."— Le- 
Grand,  pp.  681,  638,  639. 

Religious  communities  in  honour  of  the  virtues 
and  accomplishments  of  St.  Ursula,  intended  to^ 
promote  learning  and  piety  amongst  women  of  all 
classes  in  society,  commenced  their  labours  in  the 
earlv  years  of  the  fourteenth  century,  and  were 
finally  recognised  as  a  cloistered  order  by  meana 
of  St.  Angela  de  Foligny  and  St  Charles  Bor- 
romeo.     When  the  first  edition  of  Le  Grand  was* 
published,  a.b.  1644,  there  were  Ursuline  con- 
vents in  Rennes,  Nantes,  Vannes,  Kempercorentin, 
Saint  Paul  de  Leon,  Lann-Treguer,  Saint  Brieuc, 
Saint-Malo,  Dinan,  Ploermel,  and  Pontivy.  Whea 
the  last  edition  of  Le  Grand  appeared,  in  1837| 
there  were  new  Ursuline  convents  to  be  seen  in 
Ancenis,  Auray,  Chateaubriand,  Foug^res,  Gn^* 
rande,  Guingamp,  Hennebont,  Lamballe,  Lando^ 
reau,  Lannion,  Le  Fauet,  Lesneveu,  Malestrmt, 
Morlaix,  Muzillac,  Pont- Croix,  Quimperl^,  Redan^ 
and  Rochefort. 

I  have  quoted  from  La  Grande  the  names  of 
some  of  the  companions  of  St.  Ursula ;  but  such 
are  not  the  only  names  that  have  been  preserved^ 
Li  a  book  published  in  Paris  in  the  year  1666, 
and  entitled  "  Sainte  Ursuie,  triomphante  des  cceurs^ 
de  Venfer,  de  VempirSe^  et  patrone  du  cdlkhre  Col^ 
l^ge  de  Sorhonne,  par  le  R.  P6re  Damas  de  3. 
Lovys,'*  there  is  a  catalogue  of  eighteen  pages,  and 
each  pa^e  containing  thirty-eight  lines,  giving 
alphabeticallv  the  names  of  the  several  martyrSi 
and  where  their  relics  are  deposited.    Amongst 
these  is  to  be  remarked  St.  Avoye,  to  whom  espe- 
cial devotion  is  paid  in  Nantes  in  the  parish  of 
Plumelec,  in  the  bishopric  of  Vannes,  and  from 
whom  the  ducal  viUe  of  Auray  has  been  named :  — 

**  On  pourroit  dire  que  cette  Ville  a  emprunt€  son  nom 
de  Sainte  Avoye,  qui  se  nommoit  de  son  premier  nom  de 
Sainte  Avoye,  qui  se  nommoit  de  son  premier  nom» 
Aurde."— Damas  de  S.  Lovys,  liv.  iii.  c.  xxvi.  p.  848. 

Of  other  Ursuline  saints  and  martyrs  whose 
relics  are  to  be  seen  at  Ploermel,  at  Nazareth- 
les- Vannes,  Aurav,  and  Rennes,  he  specifies  (pp. 
446,  448,  453,  457,  459,  472.)  the  SS.  Alexander, 
Anastasia,  Carisma,  Cunera,  Euphrasia,  and  Odila; 
and  what  he  says  of  the  Ursulines  of  France 
generally,  may  be  affirmed  in  particular  of  the 
same  religious  communities  in  all  parts  of  Brit- 
tany, viz. : — 

"  11  n'pr  a  presque  aucune  Maison  de  Religienses  Ursa- 
lines  qui  n'ayent  qnelques  Reliques  de  la  Compagnie  de 
lenrs  Saintes  Patrones."— Damaa  de  S.  Lovys,  p.  S4.  * 


4*  8.  IV.  Jolt  24,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


79 


The  belief  cherished  here  for  centuries  is  that 

St.  Ursula,  a  British  princess,  distinguished  for 

her  profound  learning  (La  Grande,  §  i.  p.  633), 

"was  coming  with  her  companions  to  spfead  over 

Armorica  the  conjoined  blessings  of  civilisation 

and  Christianity ;  that  in  making  this  effort  they 

were  massacred  by  the  pagan  inhabitants  of  the 

coasts  on  which  they  were  shipwrecked ;  and,  as 

it  is  said  in  an  ancient  martyrology :  — 

^  Tunc  nnmerosa  simul  Rheni  per  littora  fulgent 
Christo  Viigineis  erecta  tropsoa  maniplis ; 
Agrippinse  urbi,  quarum  furor  impius,  olim, 
Miliia  mactavit  ductricibus  inclyta  Sanctis/* 

If  we  are  to  credit  a  modem  writer,  a  portion 
at  least  of  the  followers  and  companions  of  St. 
Ursula  were  slaughtered,  not  only  on  the  banks 
of  the  Rhine,  but  also  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Ranoe,  ilowing  through  Dinan;  and  hence  the 
parish  of  Juvat,  named  in  honour  of  the  spiritual 
airector  of  St.  Ursula :  — 

**  CiHDard  de  Puilorson  assure  que  les  onzc  mille  vierges 

ATidait  eo  leur  s^jour  h  Tile  du  Pilier,  dans  la  Loire 

Inicrieare.    D^autres  aateurs  pensent  qn'elles  furent  im- 

mMm  k  Tembouchure  de  la  Ranee  {Rinetum).    Quant 

k  aaiot  Jnvat,  sa  position  prbs  de  la  fiancee  de  Cooan 

expljqae  parfaitement  le  eboix  qu*on   fit   de  lui  pour 

patron  de  la  paroisse  qui  nous  occupe." — Benjamin  Jol- 

Hrct,  Lea  C6tes  du  Nord,  ii.  170,  Guingamp,  1855. 

These  notes  are  put  together  as  confirmatory 
in  a  slight  degree  of  the  suggestion  of  your  cor- 
respondent They  serve  to  show  that  the  sad 
fate  of  St.  Ursula  and  her  companions  excited 
strong  feelings  of  commiseration  amongst  the  in- 
habitants of  Brittany ;  that  some  of  those  com- 
panions were  associated  with  the  saints  and 
martyrs  of  their  own  country,  and  hence  the  proba- 
bility of  their  erecting  a  memorial  of  a  calamity 
alike  afflicting  to  them  as  Bretons  and  as  Chris- 
tians; aiid  that  Camac  should  become  an  ever- 
endoring  memento  of  those  who  united  the  white 
Ifly  of  virginal  purity  with  the  red  rose  of 
martyrdom :  — 

•*  Turba  pudoris  integri 
Cum  liliis  ferens  rosas." 

The  Rbv.  J.  E.  Jackson  is  entitled  to  the 
credit  of  having  made  not  merely  a  clever  sug- 
gestion, but  an  actual  discovery;  and  further 
research  will,  I  expect,  supply  additional  proofs 
of  its  substantiality.  Wm.  B.  Mac  Cabe. 

Place  St-Sauveur,  Diuan,  France. 


ENGLISH   VERSIONS   OF   GOETHE'S  "  FAUST," 

PART  I. 

(4«»»  S.  iii.  452,  540.) 

I  return  my  thanks  for  several  courteous  replies 
to  the  above  query  (antb^  640).  From  Guernsey  I 
have  received  the  following  obliging  communi- 
cation: — 

"  Among  the  translators  of  the  first  part  of  Goethe's 
'      Met  not  John  Hills  be  forgotten.  Of  all  the  English- 


men I  have  ever  known,  John  Hills  was  the  best  German 
scholar,  and  had  the  most  delicate  perception  of  the  bean- 
ties  of  German  poetry.  His  translation  was  published  in 
1840,  by  Whittaker  and  Co.,  London,  and  Asher,  Berlin. 
His  great  aim  was  to  preserve  in  his  translation  the 
rhythmic  character  of  the  original.  At  the  time  when  his 
translation  appeared,  this  idea  had  in  it  much  of  novelty  y 
it  has  since  become  more  common.  John  Hills  was  "an 
English  barrister.    He  died  many  years  ago."' 

A  German  gentleman  drew  my  attention  to  the 
following  versions :  — 

**  Faust :  Translated  from  the  German  of  Goethe.  By 
Beresford."    GOttingen,  1862. 

"  Goethe's  Faust :  Part  I.  with  an  Analytical  Transla- 
tion and  Etymological  and  Grammatical  Notes.  By  L.  £. 
Peithmann.  [Probably  of  German  origin.]  2nd  ed.  rev. 
and  improved."    London  and  Leipzig,  1856. 

These  two  are  mentioned  in  Engelmann's  excel- 
lent Bihliothek  der  neueren  Sprachen,  Leipzig. 
1868.    IL  Suppl.  Heft,  p.  76. 

As  far  as  scenes  from  Faust  are  concerned,  Mr» 
G.  H.  Lewes,  in  his  excellent  Life  of  Goethe  (Ist  ed. 
1855 ;  2nd  ed.  1864 ;  there  are  two  reprints  alone- 
in  Germany  (copvright)  hy  Brockhaus  of  Leipzig, 
and  hy  a  Frankfort  (?)  puhlisher ;  the  excellent 
German  translation  of  the  Lifcj  by  Dr.  Frese — who 
is  also  the  clever  translator  of  Mr.  Dixon's  Spiri- 
tual Wives,  under  the  title  of  Seelenhrdule^  i.e. 
brides  of  the  soul — has  become  a  ^'  standard/')  has 
translated  several;  also  in  his  comparison  of 
Goethe's  Faud  with  Marlowe's  drama,  published, 
if  I  remember  right,  in  the  Foreign  JReviem, 
Shelley's  Scenes  from  the  Faust  of  Goethe,  1824, 
and  Lord  Francis  Leyeson  Gower's  version  of 
the  drama,  1823  and  1825,  are  interesting  as 
having  been  published  during  Goethe's  life* 
time  (d.  1832).  Lord  Gower's  translation  waa 
taken  notice  of  in  the  Blatter  fiir  Uterarische  Tin- 
terhaUung,  .July  1827.  Of  Byron's  Manfred,  as 
compared  with  his  own  Faust,  Goethe  has  tfiken 
notice  in  Kunst  und  Alterthum,  Part  II.  : — 

**  Byron's  tragedy  Manfred  was  to  me  a  wonderful 
phenomenon,  and  one  that  closely  touched  me.  This- 
singularly  intellectual  poet  {dieser  teltsame  geUtreiche 
Dichter)  has  taken  my  Fauttua  to  himself,  and  extracted 
from  it  the  strongest  nourishment  for  his  hypochondriac 
humour.  He  has  made  use  of  the  impelling  principles  in 
his  own  way,  for  his  own  purposes,  so  that  no  one  remains 
the  same,  and  it  is  particularlv  on  this  account  that  I 
cannot  enough  admire  his  genius.  The  whole  is  in  this 
way  so  completely  formed  anew,  that  it  would  be  an  inte- 
resting task  for  the  critic  to  point  out,  not  only  the  alter- 
ations he  has  made,  but  their  degree  of  resemblance  with, 
or  dissimilarity  to,  the  original :  in  the  course  of  which 
I  cannot  deny,  that  the  gloomy  heat  {diistre  Gluth)  of  an 
unbounded  and  exuberant  despair  becomes  at  last  oppres- 
sive to  us." 

The  whole  translation  of  Goethe's  critique  i& 
given  in  Murray's  editions  of  Lord  Byron's  works, 
collected  and  arranged  with  notes, — for  instance^ 
that  of  1866,  in  one  volume,  pp.  191,  192. 

The  acknowledgments  of  such  geniuses  as  Shelley 
and  Byron,  as  well  as  the  translation  by  Lord 
Gower  of  his  masterpiece^  must  have  been  the 


80 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  July  24,  'W. 


more  fl.tttering  to  the  "  Old  Jupiter,"  as  the  Ger- 
mans were  rather  slow  in  their  approbation.  Even 
at  Berlin,  tho  "  metropolis  of  intelligence,"  as  the 
self-p  )8sej>sed  Berliners  are  fond  of  calling  their 
residemie,  and  as  late  as  1816,  Goethe's  Faud 
was  scarcely  known,  even  among  highlj  educated 
people.  (Vide  Goethe-Zelter  Correspondence^  1833, 
vol.  ii.  p.  264.)  How  flattering,  then,  to  think 
that  as  etirlv  iis  1818,  as  wo  have  seen  from  Lock- 
hart's  Life' of  Scott  (vide  "N.  &  Q."  4«»»  S.  iii. 
452),  men  like  Sir  Walter,  John  Wilson,  Cole- 
ridge, and  Jjockhart  knew,  valued,  and  commen- 
tated upon  Goethe's  drama !    Hermann  Kindt. 

Germany. 

GHOST  STORIES. 

(4'»»  S.  iv.  10.) 

It  is  well  observed  by  B.  W.  that,  out  of  the 
many  ghost-stories  one  meets  with,  few  are  sup- 
ported by  credible  authority,  and  still  fewer 
attested  by  the  evidence  of  persons  now  living. 
The  Christmas  number  of  Once  a  Week  for  1866 
contained  a  long  and  carefully  worked-out  story 
of  this  kind,  the  scene  of  which  was  laid  in  Lin- 
colnshire at  C —  Hall.  A  note,  however,  by  the 
writer  appears  at  the  foot  of  the  page  in  the  fol- 
lowing words :  — 

"  The  following  story  is  perfectly  true ;  and  the  facts, 
as  simply  related,  happened  not  many  years  ago  at  the 
residence  of  one  of  the  oldest  Koman  Catholic  families  in 
England." 

But  for  this  serious  and  startling  affirmation,  I 
should  have  left  the  story  to  amuse  the  readers  of 
the  periodical  with  other  Christmas  tales.  But  it 
80  happens  that  1  am  in  a  position  to  contradict 
the  assertion  in  toto.  The  story  is  a  very  free 
amplification  of  one  which  has  been  for  years  in 
circulation ;  but  it  is  here  related  very  differently 
from  the  usual  narrative  ]  and  numerous  persons 
and  adjuncts  are  introduced  by  Mrs.  Pulleyne, 
whose  name  is  signed  to  the  story,  which  do  not 
belong  to  the  tale  when  properly  told ;  and  make 
me  wonder  how  that  lady  could  declare  her  story 
to  be  true,  and  that  the  facts  which  she  relates 
really  happened.  The  lady  who  has  a  principal 
part  in  the  story  is  still  living,  and  her  account  of 
what  did  occur  is  now  lying  before  me  in  her  own 
handwriting.  But  it  happens  that  I  myself  per- 
form the  most  important  achievement  in  the  ghost 
story ;  and,  therefore,  am  competent  to  say  how 
much  trutli  belongs  to  it.  What  did  occur,  in- 
stejid  of  happening  "  not  many  years  ago,"  dates 
back  more  than  half  a  century.  But  a  fine  story 
has  been  fabricated,  as  usual,  out  of  very  slender 
materials ;  and  Mrs.  PuUeyne's  tale  is  told  very 
differently  indeed  from  the  usual  account,  about 
which  I  have  received  many  inquiries  from  dis- 
tant countries,  and  many  from  our  own  islands.  I 
should  probably  have  noticed  this  story  long  ago. 


but  I  never  saw  it  till  now,  haying  just  received 
it  from  a  friend  who  is  familiar  with  the  storv  as 
always  related.  F,  C.  S. 


GAINSBOROUGH'S  «  BLUE  BOY." 
(4»'»  S.  iii.  o7C  J  iv.  23,  41.) 

It  not  trespassing  too  much  upon  your  space, 
allow  me  to  ask  Mr.  Tommnson  for  reliable 
proof  that  "there  is  not  a  shadow  of  a  doubt  as 
to  the  authenticity  and  genuineness  of  the  '  Blue 
Boy '  in  the  possession  of  the  Marquis  of  West- 
minster," as  he  so  confidently  asserts  (p.  23), 
as  it  is  by  no  means  so  clear  as  he  thinks.  Ful- 
cher's  Life  of  Gainsborough  was  compiled  under 
all  the  difficulties  of  obtaining  reliable  details 
some  sixty-eight  years  after  the  death  of  the 
great  painter,  and  consequently  liable  to  error. 
Both  the  father,  who  collected  the  materials  for 
the  painter's  Life,  and  the  son,  who  edited  Uie 
work,  have  paid  the  last  debt  of  nature ;  so  thgt 
from  this  source  no  information  is  obtainable.  In 
Edwards's  Anecdotes  of  Painters,  published  in 
1808,  occur  these  words :  "  It  [the  *  Blue  Boy']  is 
now  in  possession  of  Mr.  Hoppner."  Now  this 
extract  is  almost  word  for  word  the  same  as  ia 
used  in  Fulcher's  history  of  the  "  Blue  Boy."  In 
the  absence  of  correct  information  of  the  history 
of  the  "  Blue  Bov,"  this  passage  appears  to  hav^ 
been  used  to  make  up  the  version  of  the  history 
pf  the  Westminster  **Blue  Boy,"  and  that  Ful- 
cher  published  it  as  he  found  it. 

Now,  if  ^Ir.  Hoppner  possessed  the  originftl 
"Blue  Boy"  at  that  period,  and  not  a  good  rival' 
picture,  as  he  was  an  able  imitator  of  Oaind- 
borough's  style,  it  is  clear  that  it  could  not  have 
been  in  the  possession  of  a  nobleman  who  died 
in  1802. 

With  reference  to  the  original  sketch,  said  by 
Fulcher  to  have  been  in  possession  of  Charles 
Ford,  Esq.,  of  Bath,  this  gentleman,  in  reply  to  a 
recent  inquiry,  writes :  — 

"  The  unfinished  picture  by  Gainsborough  was  a  study 
of  a  Blue-coat  schoolboy,  which  Mr.  Fulcher  saw,  and 
was  much  pleased  with 'it ;  and  which,  I  expect,  led  to 
the  mistake." 

The  statement  in  Fulcher's  history,  that  the 
picture  was  bought  by  the  first  Earl  Grosvenor 
from  Mr.  Hoppner,  has  not  only  the  above  diffi- 
culty about  dates  to  reconcile,  but  the  alleged 
fact  to  disprove  that  the  Westminster  "Blue 
Boy  '*  was  bought  from  a  Wardour  Street  picture- 
dealer,  and  not  from  Mr.  Hoppner  or  Mr.  Kobsou 
(the  eminent  landscape-painter),  who  is  also  said 
to  have  had  a  "  Blue  Boy  "  in  his  possession  at 
one  period  of  his  prosperous  career,  whilst  Hopp- 
ner was  often  m  "  straitened  circumstances," 
talented  and  well  employed  as  he  was. 

Now,  curiously,  it  so  happened  that  the  sketch 
of  the  Westminster  "Blue  Boy,"  and  the  full- 


4»8.IV.  JifLT24,*690 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


81 


length  riyal  picture,  were  both  exhibited  at  the 
Conversazione  of  the  Institution  of  Ci\'il  Engi- 
neers in  1867;  when  it  became  obvious  that  they 
were  not  mere  duplicates  of  each  other,  differing 
only  in  me,  and*  that  the  full-length  portrait 
showed  a  much  more  natural  life-like  appearance 
than  the  sketch.  On  this  occasion,  after  examin- 
ing the  fhU-length  picture,  it  is  understood  that 
Lcid  R  GrosTenor  (the  exhibitor  of  the  sketch) 
admitted  that  the  Westminster  "  Blue  Boy  "  was 
hougbt  from  a  dealer,  and  not  from  an  artist. 

It  is  therefore  quite  clear  that  Fulcher's,  or 
tie  Westminster  version  of  the  "Blue  Boy's" 
historvy  is  not  a  correct  one;  and  that  if  Mr. 
ToMUxaoN,  or  any  of  your  readers,  can  trace  the 
picture  from  the  studio  of  Gainsborough  to  its 
present  possessor,  it  is  most  desirable. 

In  1816, 1834, 1862,  and  subsequently  at  Man- 
chester, if  not  also  at  Leeds,  the  Westminster 
"Kns  Boy''  has  been  publicly  exhibited,  and 
maintained  a  high  reputation  as  a  work  of  art ; 
but  It  is  admitted,  by  those  who  have  seen  both 
pictores,  that  the  rival  '^  Blue  Boy  "  would  have 
done  so  to  at  least  an  equal,  if  not  a  greater  ex- 
tent; therefore,  on  this  point,  the  Westminster 
picture  possesses  no  superiority.  J.  S. 


The  "Blue  Boy''  in  the  possession  of  Mk. 
RnuKEix  Carre  is  evidently  quite  a  different 
pktuie  to  either  the  Westminster  or  the  less 
tnowB^BlueBcv." 

The  latter  is  5  ft.  10  in.  in  height,  and  4  ft.  in 
width.  The  portrait  is  that  of  a  good-looking 
TOBth  standing  with  cap  in  hand  in  front  of  a 
darkly-painted  landscape,  through  the  foliage  of 
which  tne  light  is  shown  at  intervals  in  Gains- 
boroagh*s  best  manner.  The  attitude  is  excellent, 
and  the  face  so  life-like  that  it  appears  as  if 
tamed  on  the  spectator  to  listen  to  something 
addressed  to  the  boy,  and  lie  was  thinking  what 
to  say  in  reply. 

With  the  exception  of  the  flesh  tints  of  the 
£Keand  hands  the  whole  of  the  Vandyke  costume 
is  painted  in  different  shades  of  blue  colour,  but 
so  mellowed  that  even  the  torn  sleeves  of  the 
coat,  the  folds  or  "wrinkles"  of  the  breeches  and 
stockings,  and  the  peculiar  "hatching"  of  the 
toes,  are  all  well  brought  out  in  light  and  shade. 
In  contrast  with  the  dark  foliage  of  the  landscape, 
the  blue  dress  thus  skilfully  manipulated  pro- 
duces, as  Dr.  Waagen  says,  a  harmonious  and 
pleading  ffiect;  and,  as  Ilazlitt  says,  "there  is  a 
spirited  plow  of  youth  about  the  face,  and  the 
attitude  is  striking  and  elegant.  The  drapery  of 
blue  satin  is  admirably  painted."  J.'S. 


METRICAL  PREDICTIOX. 


(S'^  S.  viii.  320.) 

In  your  number  for  October  21,  18G5,  is  given 
a  very  imperfect  copy  of  an  old  prophecy  which 
is  written  on  the  fly-leaves  of  llarl.  MS.  1717. 
Thinking  a  more  perfect  version  may  be  accept- 
able to  your  readei-s,  I  forward  you  one.  The 
italic  letters  are  expansions  of  contracted  words 
in  the  MS.  After  this  follows  the  prescription 
given  by  your  correspondent  Hermentritde,  and 
then  a  Latin  propliecy.  J.  Rawson  Lumrt. 

Cambridge. 

(Harleian  MS.  1717,  foL  249.  b.) 

Quen  |>e  kokke  in  \}e  noilhc  by^g?*  his  u est 

And  bask/«  bis  bryddts  &  bowuis  thayiTi  to  flyc 

Then  fortune  his  frend  wille  hur  3ati*  vpo  kest 

And  let  ryght  haf  his  fre  entre 

Then  Jhj  mone  shall^  ryse  in  \>e  north  west 

In  a  clowde  as  blac  as  |>e  bille  of  a  crowe 

Then  owre  lyonc  shalle  be  noyset  J>e  boldist  «t  best 

\>at  euer  was  in  bretane  syn  Arthur*  dayis 

Then  a  dredfulle  dragone  shallc  dresse  ovvt  of  his  denne 

For  to  helpe  |>e  lyonc  vriih  allc  his  myght 

A  bulle  &  a  bastarde  spert«  shalle  spende 

A  bydynge  with  |>e  bore  to  do  rethirc  for  |>e  ryght 

AnEguUe  &  an  Antilope  fulle  boldly  shallc  bydo 

A  bridelle  hors  «fe  a  here  wit/i  brunw  fulle  bryght 

At  sondy forth e  for  sothe  opon  ^c  south e  side 

A  prowde  pr^*nce  in  |>at  preyse  fulle  lordly  shalle  lyjt 

*Then  \>e  dredfulle  day  of  de*styny  shallf  dryf  to  J>o  nyght 

And  make  mony  wyf*<fe  maydene  in  nioinynge  be  broght 

For  thay  shalle  mete  in  \,e  mornynge  ynth  mony  fulle 

bryght 
Bvtwj'x  setonc  <t  ]>e  sey  sorow  shalle  be  wroght 
Vfith  "bolde  burays  in  bushment  J>at  batellc  shalle  mete 
\>e  pruddest  prince  in  idle   jxit  prese  with  bale  it  has 

boght 
Shalle  gare  wyfes  &  maydynnis  \Hit  in  bowre  dwelle 
Be  cast  in  grete  care  &  in  mournyngc  be  broght 
Then  J?e  Fox  &  ^e  iilmart  in  hande  shallc  be  tane 
And  layd  fulle  low  to  owre  lyone  \)er  tille  abydc 
Bothe  )>e  pycart  &  he  pye  shalle  be  seruet  of  |>o  same 
And  alle  ^e  fox  frendt*  shalle  falle  of  thay  re  pride 
Then  troy  vntrew  shallc  trembuUe  onne  j^at  day 
For  ferde  of  \>at  dede  monne  qucn/ic  bay  here  hymme 

speke 
Alle  \>e  townw  of  kent  shalle  caste  hymme  e  key 
j>e  bushemcnt  of  Brykkeley  hillis  away  shalle  l^ay  breke 
#Then  owre  saxona  shalle  chose  thaymc  a  lord 
|>e  quyche  shalle  haldc  alle  o  l>er  parties  vndere 
And  lie  l>at  is  dede  shalle  ryse  &  make  home  acorde 
And  J>at  wille  be  sene  &  fulle  grcte  wondyre 
That  mone  f>at  is  dede  &  bvriet  in  syght 
Shalle  rj'se  agayiie  &  lyfe  in  lond 
In  comforhynge  (sic)  of  bat  monne  &  l>e  knyght 
\mt  fortune  has  chosen  to  hire  husbond 
Quennc  alle  vermyns  «£;  wedis  away  is  wasted 
And  cucry  sede  in  his  sesone  i««  sette  bi  his  kynde 
Thcnwe  trewlhe  shalle  r\'se  &  falslied  sluille  be  chasted 
benne  Ihesue  owre  gentille   lustise  alle  wrongw  iville 

amend 
Then  grase  &  godnes  challe  dwelle  vs  amonge 
In  euery  place  plenty  by  londc  &  by  sey 
The  spowshode  of  Crist  Vi*t)i  locand  songc 
Shalle  kepte  in  his  kynde  thurghe  helpe  of  be  trinite 
Then    e  soune  d-  be  mowne  shalle  shyno  fulle  bryght 


Fol.  260,  col.  i. 


82 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*k  S.  IV.  July  24, ' 


\>at  monj  longe  day  fnlle  derke  has  bene 

And  kepe  his  coura  by  kynde  boathe  day  &  nygbt 

With  myrthes  mow  ^enw.  any  monn«  can  meyne 

Then  owre  lyone  &  owre  lyonese  shalle  reyne  i»  peyse 

Thus  Brydlynton«  &  body  &  banastre  bokt«  tdlts 

The  triere  of  wysdame  with  owte  any  levse 

Merlyne  &  mony  mow  \>at  with  mervelle  melHs 

*The  quelle  shalle  tume  with  hymme  falle  rygbt 

|>at  fortune  has  chosen  tille  hire  fere 

In  Babylone  shalle  be  seiie  a  syght 

bat  in  surry  shalle  brynge  mony  monne  to  here 

jVitene  day  lorney  by3onde  lehrusalem 

The  holy  crosse  wonene  challe  be 

The  same  lorde  shalle  gete  |>e  beeme 

\>at  at  sondyforthe  wan  )>e  gree 

Fortone  has  graunte  hymme  ]>q  victory 

Alle  ]fe  quile  ]>at  he  his  armis  may  here 

^er  is  nouthere  tresone  ne  fals  trechery 

Ne  curst  destyny  shalle  hymme  neuer  dere 

Byfore  ]>e  kynde  of  Age  opoh  hym  draw 

As  enery  manne  is  wormts  fee 

Then  he  shalle  ende  in  cristts  lawe 

And  in  lesephathe  buryet  shalle  be. 

[The  following  lines  are  written  in  another  hand.  The 
mark  #  seems  to  refer  to  the  #  above  ;  perhaps  these  lines 
were  meant  to  be  inserted  there.] 

A  lepard  engenderet  of  natyf  kynd 
#In  >e  sterre  of  bethelem  schalle  r}'se 
In  be  sothe 

"pe  Melle  &  be  Meyremaydyn 
Meywyt  In  mynde 
Cryxt  |>at  is  owre  creature  has 
Cnrset  thayme  witA  mowthe. 
*-> 

More  Family  (4'*»  S.  iv.  61.)— I  confess  myself 
unable  to  appreciate  the   physiological  reasons 

g'ven  by  Mr.  A.  Hall  for  oelieving  that  Agnes 
raunger,  the  wife  of  John  More,  was  not  the 
mother  of  all  the  six  children  whose  births  are 
recorded  in  the  volume  in  Trinity  College  library. 
There  is  no  break  whatever  in  the  entnes^  except 
between  the  last  two,  and  this  is  due  to  the  fact 
of  a  portion  of  the  page  having  been  occupied  by 
a  merchant's  mark  placed  between  the  letters 
"  R."  and  "G."  There  is  no  indication  of  a  second 
marriage,  and  the  form  of  the  entries  naturally 
leads  to  the  belief  that  the  children  were  bom  of 
the  parents  whose  marriage  is  recorded  in  the 
same  pages. 

The  heraldic  question  is  in  reality  of  very  little 
importance.  It  is  by  no  means  certain  that  the 
arms  quartered  with  those  of  More  on  the  tomb 
at  Chelsea  are  those  of  Sir  Thomas  More's  mother. 
Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols  (Gent's  Mag.  1833,  part  ii. 
484)  says  *'  this  coat  is  that  of  I^ey,"  but  I  cannot 
find  it. 

Thomas  Graunger  was  sheriff  of  London  and 
Middlesex  in  1503.  He  may  have  been  the  father 
or  brother  of  Agnes  Graunger,  who  was  married 
in  1474.    Are  his  arms  known  ? 

William  Aldis  Wright. 
Trin.  Coll.  Cambridge. 

•  Col.  2. 


Edmund  Eean  (4^'*  S.  iii.  416.) — I  have  searched 
Dr.  Goodall's  admission  lists  for  1803-6.  Neither 
the  name  of  Kean  or  Carey  appears  in  them 
during  that  period ;  but  the  age  oi  sixteen  would 
then  have  been  no  disqualification.  The  late  Dr. 
Hawtrey  was  the  first  headmaster  who  limited  the 
age  for  the  admission  of  oppidans.  'The  late 
well-known  Mr.  Higgins  was  nearer  sixteen  than 
fifteen  when  he  entered ;  and  in  the  year  of  bis 
admission,  1825,  Dr.  Eeate  admitted  in  October 
a  boy  who  was  sixteen  in  the  previous  April. 

Etoneksis. 

Bells  for  Dissenting  Churches  (4***  S.  iv. 
56.) — The  subjoined  note  of  mine  is  taken  from 
The  Builder.  Perhaps  it  mav  be  accepted  as  a 
reply  to  TOur  correspondent  S. ' 

In  a  n)rmer  communication  I  endeavoured  to 
show  that  churches  of  every  denomination  had  a 
full  right  to  use  bells.  At  the  same  time  it  was 
intimated  that  those  bells  might  be  made  use  of 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  create  a  nuisance. 

Now,  it  is  known  that  many  Roman  Catholic 
churches  in  England  have  each  one  or  more 
tower  bells,  while  some  of  them  possess  a  peal 
of  five,  six,  or  eight. 

The  following  statement  may,  however,  bd 
news  to  most  persons.  Since  the  commimicatioii 
referred  to  appeared,  Messrs.  Mears  and  Stain- 
bank  have  informed  me  that  they  have  cast 
bells  for  three  Dissenting  places  of  worship, 
namely :  — 

Trinity  (Independent)  Chapel,  Poplar :— a  bell  weigh- 
ing 10^  cwt.,  A.D.  1842. 

Independent  Chapel,  Hatherlow,  Cheshire:  —  a  beU 
weighing  7  J  cwt.,  a.d.  1853. 

Unitarian  Church,  Todmorden,  Lancashire : — a  peal  of 
eight  bells  in  the  key  of  F,  the  weight  of  the  tenor  being 
14  cwt.,  A.D.  1868. 

I  may  add  that  this  last  is  a  new  stone  Gk)tliic 
structure,  at  the  west  end  of  which  is  a  tower 
surmounted  by  an  octagonal  spire,  standing  oat 
conspicuously  on  the  hill  side.  The  cost  of  the 
builaing  was  about  12,000/.,  the  whole  of  which, 
it  is  said,  has  been  paid  by  Messrs.  Fielden, 
Brothers,  who  have  also  defrayed  the  expenses  of 
the  bells  and  other  furniture. 

Thomas  Walesbt. 

Golden  Square. 

Bells  and  Spears  (4»»»  S.  iv.  30.)— The  follow- 
ing is,  I  believe,  the  passage  to  which  Lingard 
refers.  It  is  found  in  Dion  Cassius,  or  rather  the 
epitome  by  Xiphilinus  (book  Lxxvi.  chap,  xii.,  ed. 
Tauchn.) :  — 

T^  8^  5ir\a  a^oiv,  acnrU,  ical  Z6pv  0paxhf  urjXoy 
XaAKoDy  /ir'  Axpov  rod  aripaKos  ^xov^  Sxrre  atuifityop 
KrvTrsof  vphs  KaTdir\7}^iv  rtav  ivavrioiv, 

"  Their  arms  were  a  shield  and  a  short  spear,  haying 

a  brass  knob  (ju^Xoi/)  at  the  extremity,  so  that  being 
shaken  it  might  make  a  sonnd  to  frighten  their  op- 
ponents." 


4^aiT.  Jdi,t21,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Linfrard  translates  it  by  "  bell,"  but  I  imagine 
fi^Asc  lo  be  n  knob  in  the  form  nf  an  tipple.  Jle- 
Todian  (in.  c.  47)  gires  the  saine  ftriiis  to  the 
Caledonian  El,  but  omits  the  knob.  ^VIlere  cnuld 
these  wild  barefooted  (i>'inriJI(Tui)HielandinE!n  liod 
metal  for  ibeae  knoba  P 

CEiTTFimD  Tait  Ramaoe. 

ling-ard  gives  hia  authorities,  p.  34,  aa  fol- 
iowa :  —  "  Dio  apud  Xiphil.  in  Severo,  p.  340 ; 
Herod,  iii.  48-49."  Georue  Beds. 

6,  PulTDsa  Ro»d,  Brislon. 

Sir  Richard  Houord  (4""  S.  iii.  241.)  — 
There  waa  a  Richard  Holford,  fieciiod  aon  of  John 
HoUbrd  of  DaTenham,  Cheshire.  Tlie  father,  John 
Holfotd,  was  born  in  1599.  This  would  agree 
with  the  data  of  the  son's  birth  U633).  Vide 
Omerod'a  Cheshire,  ?ol.  iii.  p.  1-27.  Wilxb. 

Ejitbaecb-Reqistrt  :  TitiNiTr  Colle8E,D0b- 
US  (4"  8.  ii.  510.)— Since  i  sent  you  my  query 
oa  this  subject,  I  have  met  with  the  following 
aMWer  ID  t£e  late  Dr.  Todd's  Catalogue  of  Gradu- 
ate a  the  University  of  Dublin,  1691-1868,  Intro- 
daction,  page  v.  notc:-^ 

"  A  carious  euatom  eiiala,  designed  lo  mark  tho  rela- 
tiv8  merit  of  the  sluiienta  who  are  admilleJ  on  the  aime 
daj.  Tbe  beat  answerer  Is  said  to  be  odmiLled  nt  noon  ; 
tlie  MPond  beit,  one  minato  afler  noon  i  the  third,  two 
binntas,  and  »  on.  This  cu-itom  lias  been  noticed  (Notei 
and  Qusria),  4">  S.  iL  No.  49,  p.  511),  and  aeemi  to  hikve 
paxxlcd  the  querist." 

The  volume  from  which  I  have  quoted  is  cal- 
culated to  Mb  most  useful,  and  is  very  creditable 
to  Dr.  Todd  (whose  reoent  death  we  deplore)  and 
the  UniverBitj  of  Dublin.  Ajihra. 

Pu»sis  (4""  S.  iii.  .WO.)  — I  am  inclined  to 
kdmit,  from  the  remarks  made  by  your  corre- 
apondent  on  my  query  regarding  the  word  pleme, 
that  the  original  mcaninj;  of  park  is  quite  inde- 
pendent of  deer,  though  m  thia  part  of  England 
tt  ia  associated  with  paat  or  present  herds. 

A  well-known  enclosure.  The  Pftrka  at  Oxford, 
derives  its  name  from  the  trenches  and  parks  of 
arffllery  erected  during  the  wege  of  the  city.  It 
now  bean  the  resemblonCB  of  a  suburban  park : 
but  I  remember  when  comtields  occupied  the 
space  so  well  laid  out  ia  pasture  and  ornamental 
trees.  Thob.  E.  Wjsnikqioh. 

AimsALLicAB  SociBTr  (4'"  S.  iii.  482.)— I  am 
macfa  obliged  for  the  information  respecting  the 
Antigallicaa  Society,  but  my  inquirv  relative  to 
tte  arms  and  badge  has  not  yet  received  a  reply. 
I  have  a  plate  of  oriental  porcelain ;  in  the  centre 
of  which  is  a  circular  sbidd,  surrounded  with 
scroll-work  of  scarlet  and  gold,  mixed  with  small 
flowers.  On  the  shield  is  a  figure  of  St.  George, 
■nouDted  on  a  white  horse;  lying  on  the  ground, 
under  the  boiw,  is  a  small  shield,  having  what 
i^teara    tt>  be  intended  for  three  fleurs-de-lis.  [ 


Above,  as  a  crest,  is  a  flgure  of  Britannia  seated, 
with  a  rantto  on  a  acroH — "  St.  George  and  Old 
England."     Beneath   this  shield  ore  two   honda 


of  the  Antigallican  Society.  Is  it  so?  I  have 
seen  many  similar  plates,  so  there  must  have  been 
a  service.  Octavidb  Mosoan, 

ID,  Cbu-teB  Street,  St.  James's. 

Sheripm  (4'f'  S.  iii.  382.)— Blake  way 'a  Sherifft 
of  S/iropihire,  a  work  now  of  considerable  value, 

S'tcs  a  detailed  account  of  all  the  families  who 
ive  served  that  office.  Mr.  Darenport,  of  Oxford, 
has  recently  printed  a  list  of  Oxfordshire  aherifis, 
with  historic  notes. 

Berkshire  and  Oxon,  Derby  and  Notts,  like 
Huntingdon  and  Cambridgeshire,  have  been  for- 
merly served  by  one  sheriff. 

Thomas  E.  Wihkinotoii. 

Mr.  J.  M.  Davenport,  the  registrar  of  tbe  diocese 

of  Oxford,  has  published  an  interesting  volume 

on   the  Lordi-Lteiitenanti   and  High   Sheriffs  of 

Oifordiihire,from  1080  to  1868.  J.  ALiCRAT. 

KNrvBToK  Church  (4"'  S.  17.  8.)— There  is  a 
drawing  of  Kniveton  church,  Derbyshire,  in  the 
Plain  Anaslaiie  volume  for  1863,  with  a  short 
acEount  of  the  place. 

Thomas  E.  WnrmsoToK. 

William  Vauohan  (4"^  S.  iii.  5"fl;  iv.  20.)— 
It  is  stated  in  Townsend's  History  of  Leominster 
(p.  250)  that  the  Rev,  Henry  Vaughan,  vicar  of 
that  pariah  from  1724  to  1702,  was  an  ancestor  of 
Sir  Henry  Halford.  C.  J.  R. 

KiDSAPPiSB  (4"'  S.  iv.  31.)— In  the  latest  edi- 
tion (1844)  of  Baron  Hume's  VotnmentarieB  on  the 
Law  of  Scotland  respecting  Crimes,  vol.  i.  p.  86, 
there  IB  the  following  note  I 
by  your  correspondent ; — 

"  Janet  Donglas  had  sontenco  of  death  for  the  like 
offence  fEbild-BteHliug]  on  S  September,  1817.  The  libel 
was  laid  for  theft,  more  particaUrly  that  speties  of  theft 
called  man-stealiag.  She  had  stolen  a  ehiid  of  three 
veata  old  at  Edinburgh  on  the  12tb  of  May,  and  was 
taken  witb  it  !□  her  custody  on  the  lllh  of  May  at  Hal- 
beiitb  colliery  in  Fire.  Shu  had  not  in  nny  respect  mis- 
naed  the  child,  and  she  received  a  pardon  (17  November), 
which  cammuted  her  sentence  to  transportation  for  life." 

Baron  Hume  cites  various  preceding  cases  where 
sentence  of  death  had  followed  for  the  same  crime, 
and  be  appears  obviously  to  hold  that  such  is  yet 
the  law  of  Scotland,  though  it  would  probably 
not  now  be  rigidly  enforced. 

"Ac  Perth  on  20  September,  1826,  Lord  Gillies  pamed 
sentenco  of  traiuportition  forronrteenyesra  on  ElUabeCh 
or  Betty  Hill  forBtBaling  a  child  of  a  year  old  or  thereby. 
But  sba  had  pleadeil  guilty,  and  the  prosecator  had 
restricted  Che  paina  of  Ian," 

o- 

Ediuborgh. 


e  referred  to 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Jdi 


Elizabeth  and  Isapel  (4'"  8.  iti.  CIC) — I 
copied  from  the  mai^nificent  mauaoleum  in  the 
Boral  Chapel  of  the  Cathedral  of  Granada  the 
following  iDscripticn  cxactlj  as  it  is: — 

"Mshometiee,  .Seclc,  Prostrnlores  et  Hcretice,  Pctvi- 
cicit,  Extinclurcs  FernandiH  Ani|;nnum  llelisabetlia 
Caalelle,  Vir  et  Uxor  Unanimes  Catholici  AppelUti 
Marmoreo  Clauduiitur  Hoc  Tumiilo." 

The  Latin  diphthong  U  represented  by  an  e 
and  comma  at  its  end.       JoHH  Duxn  Gaudner. 

19,  Park  Street,  Park  Lane. 

Passage  in  Galahabs  (4'^  S.  iv.  22.)  —  With  ! 
respect  to  what  Tewabs  saya,  I  beg  to  obsorre 
that  I  by  no  moans  forgot,  as  he  assumes,  the  ' 
notorious  fact  that  in  the  New  Testament  end  in  ; 
other  wiitei'S  quotations  are  not  always  quite 
exact:  but  it  is  immaterial  in  this  case.  The  | 
suggested  line  is  worse  than  the  former  one,  | 
having  two  faults  instead  of  one.  The  o  eannot 
be  short  before  tbej";  and  the  line  violates  the  i 
prapriety  of  the  caeura,  though  it  may  not  be 
■gainst  the  bare  literal  rule,  and  need  not  be  ex-  I 
plained  to  those  acquainted  with  the  tragedians. 

It  ia  true  that  in  dome  few  cases  the  caiura  \ 
does  not  appear  at  all,  but  probably  oh!t  with  a  ! 

would  assume  such  an  omission.  Howurer,  the 
other  objection  alone  is  quite  enough. 

Lttteltos. 

The  alteration  proposed  by  ^Ir.  Tewars  is  , 
fdngnlarly  unfortunate ;  for  not  only  will  the  words 
M  arranged  by  him  not  make  the  end  of  a  good 
iambic,  but  as  forming  anif  part  of  a  tragic  eenn-  . 
nas  they  are  altogether  inadmissible.  Aa  consti- 
tuting the  end  of  a  line,  they  offer  a  spondee  in 
tbe  fourth  foot;  while  to  their  forming  nny  part 
of  an  iambic  trimeter,  the  concurrence  of  two 
qiondees  is  fatal.  W.  B.  C 

Saist  Sapoorin  (4'"  S.  iii.  618.) — I  have  no 
doubt  that  this  apocryphal  Sunt  Saphorin  or 
Zephjrin  is  the  "  Syrophorianus"  of  13.  A.  Fe- 
derer.  lie  wn.i  detected  by  Dr.  Oliver  in  the 
vicarage  of  "  ist.  Veryan,"  in  the  hundred  of 
Powder,  in  Cornwall ;  and  the  church  bell  is  de- 
sciihed,  in  a  survey  of  the  Denn  and  Chapter  of 
Exeter  (to  whom  the  vicarage  is  appropriated),  as 
the  Campanula  Sancti  Syiuphoriani.  The  manor 
in  connection  with  this  church  was  known  in  the 
twelfth  century,  and  still  is  called  in  deeds,  by  tbe 
name  of  Elerky.  The  worthy  doctor  appears  to  have 
bad  no  success  with  the  then  vicar  in  extracting 
local  information  from  him.  Generally  speaking, 
his  laudable  attempts  to  obtain  such  mformation 
&0IU  the  several  parochial  incumbents  of  the  two 
Damnonian  counties  were  kindly  and  courteously 
seconded  bj'  tliein. 

The  notice  of  this  pariah  ia  among  the  printed 
slips  which  my  friend  obligingly  supplied  to  roe 
until  his  researches  were  closed  by  tbe  hand  of 
death. 


I  bad  a  hope,  at  one  time,  that  the  work  of  the 
doctor  would  hnvebeenrecotttinued  and  completed 
by  my  friend  Lieut.-Col.  Harding,  of  LpcotL 
!&irnslAple.  The  materials  were  in  on  advuucea 
state,  and  the  volumes  of  the  "  Ecclesiastical  Xa- 
tiquities  "  might  then  have  been  republished  by 
an  editor  whose  capacity  for  correcting  the  presa 
might  well  have  been  ^ater  than  that  of  the 
doctor  himself,  who  put  his  trust  in  compositors. 

While  I  am  on  the  subject  of  Dr.  Oliver's  great 
work  on  the  Exetfr  Monasticon,  let  me  print  for 
the  first  time  an  elegant  eulogy  which  a  common 
friend  of  his,  and  of  my  own,  put  into  his  hands 
shortly  before  bis  decease.    The  lines  accompanied 
a  pamphlet  of  my  dear  friend,  on  a  projected  re- 
form of  King's  College,  long  since  efiected; — 
"  Accipe,  olivifenc  mullum  dilect«  Mlnerrir, 
Cui(|ue  ctiam  meritam  tiomen  Olirn  dedit, 
Accipe,  colleRil  tlb)  gii«m  Rej;^!'"  alumnus 

Non  f^itidlto  tnittit  amnre  librum  : 
Qunt  Sophiic  proavi  poraere  ingentia  templs 

PerleRe,  lot  Sophise  nos  rcparats  damns : 
Sit  proavos  laudare  tuum;  p  resell  da  no  sint 
Secula  prffilcrilis  dcteriora,  meura." 

E.  SvIKEB. 


SiEAM-SniPS  rREDicTED  (4"  S.  iv.  38.)  — If 
Ms.  Walcott  thinks  it  worth  while  to  refer  to 
Lord  StanhoiM'a  Life  of  Fitt,  Tol.  iL  p.  397,  li« 
will  find  that  in  1704  and  1705  steam-ships  were 
not  only  predicted,  but,  with  the  concurrence  of 
tbe  Board    of   Admiralty,   experimentally  cod- 

8tTUCt«d.  SCRUTATOB, 

PoRTKAiT  OF  Pkiscb  Chables  Edwakd  (4** 
S.  iii.  633.) — The  way  in  which  I  became  pos- 
sessed of  the  miniature  mentioned  by  Mr.  Sleios 
was  (traditionally)  as  follows: — 

It  was  given  by  the  Young  Pretender  to  hii 
intimate  friend  and  staunch  supporter,  William 
Marquis  of  Tullibardine,  who  died  in  the  Tower 
in  1747.  From  Lord  TuUihaidine  it  passed  to 
his  brother.  Lord  John  Slurrav,  of  Banner  CcoBS, 
near  Sheffield,  who  died  May  96,  1787.  Lord 
John  Murmy  was  succeeded  by  his  only  child,  flie 
wife  of  Lieut -General  William  Murray,  ofBanner 
Cross,  who  died  Aug.  2ft,  1818.  General  Murray^ 
only  sister  and  heiress,  Mrs.  Bagshawe,  of  Fwd 
Hail  and  Banner  Cross,  who  died  Not.  5,  1844, 
was  my  grandmother.  Tho  picture  came  to  Ban- 
ner Cross  in  the  time  of  Loid  John  Murray,  and 
there  it  remained  until  I  brought  it  into  Derby- 
shire a  few  years  a^o-  There  is  no  evidence  that 
it  accompanied  either  Prmcc  Charles  or  Lord 
Tullihardine  to  Derby;  and  Mb.  Sleirh  will 
therefore  pardon  me  if  I  venture  to  doubt  whether 
it  can  be  regarded  as  a  I'elic  of  that  expedition. 
I  Certainly  it  was  not  left  in  this  county  in  1746, 
i  and  to  the  Bagshawes,  who  were  all  firm  friends 
I  of  the  Protestant.BUCcession,  it  would  have  been 
I  no  welcome  gift;  in  fact,  my  ancestor  Vmiiam 


4"»  S.  IV.  Ji'LY  24,  'G9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


85 


Bagshawe,  the  then  owner  of  this  place,  a  de- 
puty-lieutenant for  Derbyshire,  had  taken  an 
active  part  on  behalf  of  the  king ;  and  as  soon  as 
he  heard  of  the  near  approach  of  the  rebels,  buried 
his  plate  and  papers,  ordered  his  horses  to  be  kept 
saddled  and  bridled  night  and  day,  and  made 
every  preparation  for  a  hasty  flight. 

W.  II.  G.  Baqshawe. 
Ford  Hall,  Chapel-ea-le-Frith. 

Gridble  (4'*»  S.  iii.  505.) — Mr.  Harrison  has 
&llen  into  a  mistake  not  uncommon  amongst  your 
eorrespondents,  that  of  supposing  a  word  or  prac- 
tice to  be  peculiar  to  the  district  of  country  in 
'which  only  they  have  heard  or  seen  it,  which  is 
of  much  more  general  prevalence.     The  griddle, 
often  but  corruptly  pronounced  girdlcy   is  well 
known  over  all  Scotland,  being  of  daily  use  in 
every  houae  where  either  oat-cakes,  or  "souple 
acones  the  wale  oTood,"  form  part  of  the  diet. 
It  is  a  louiid  flat  plate  of  malleable  iron,  placed 
Cfver  the  fire,  and  upon  which  scones  or  oat-cakes 
are  fiied,  and  the  effecting  of  which  without  being 
orer  or  under  done  is  a  great  nicety. 

The  making  of  griddles,  so  as  to  stand  well  the 
fire,  was  one  of  the  mysteries  of  olden  times : 
there  being  a  particular  corporation,  "  The  Grid- 
dlemakers  of  Culross" — an  ancient  and  now  de- 
cayed royal  Scots  burgh — who  by  this  craft  had 
their  wealth.  There  was  some  superstition  under 
the  influence  of  which  ladies  anxious  to  have  ofi*- 
spring  went  to  Culross  **  to  sleep  upon  a  griddle.'* 
1  remember  to  have  seen  these  lines  in  a  book 
called,  I  think,  "  The  Scotch  Iludibras  " :  — 

•*  Samuel  was  sent  to  France, 
To  leam  to  sing  and  dance, 

And  play  upon  the  fiddle. 
Now  he's  a  man  of  great  esteem, 
His  mother  got  him  in  a  dream 

At  Calross  on  a  griddle." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  give  an  account 
of  this  superstition  ?  11.  T. 

Bdinbiirgh. 

GiiKTHAK   Custom  (4'*'  S.  iii.  653.) — Since 
tlie  publication  of  my  query,  I  have  been  informed 
by  tn  "  old  inhabitant "  that  in  the  year  1824  a 
gendeman  named  Rogers,  the  son  of  the  mayor 
far  that  year,   was  christened  "  Edward  Mon- 
tague," taking  the  names   of  his  sponsors,   Sir 
EdwBfd  Cust  and  Sir  Montague  Cholmeley,  who 
then  represented  this  borough  in  Parliament.    I 
believe  that  a  similar   case  occurred  more  re- 
cently, showing  the  continuance  of  the  custom,  if 
not  its  origin.  Chr.  Cooke. 

Hetrb  (4***  S.  iv.  9.) — In  discussing  the  mean- 
ing of  the  '*  V  yerdes  of  heyre  for  the  bakhowse 
at  Stoke  for  the  kelle,"  Mr.  Edward  J.  Wood 
throws  light  upon  a  sentence  in  one  of  the  ac- 
coont  books  of  my  parish  which  had  puzzled  me 
•idlj.  In  the  twenty-fourth  volume  of  the  Journal 


of  the  British  Arc1\(Bological  Association,  I  printed 
a  paper  '*  On  the  Parish  of  St.  Peter  Cheap,  in 
the  City  of  London,  from  1392  to  1G33,"  pp.  248- 
268.  At  p.  263  will  be  found  a  series  of  extracts 
relating  to  the  observances  of  Palm  Sunday, 
amongst  which  are  the  following :  — 

**  1519.  It*  for  hyering  of  the  herea  for  the  p'fetys  uppon 
pal  me  son  day  e,  xij*i. 

1521.  It'm  for  the  hyer  of  ye  heyr  for  the  profytts,  xij<*. 

1522.  It'm   for  hj-re  of  heyrs  for  ye  profytts  uppon 

palme  Sondaye,  xij*. 
1534.  It'm  p'd  for  the  setting  up  of  the  stages  for  the 
prophetla  on  Pollme  Sonday  ande  for  nayllys, 
nijo." 

I  confess  that  I  felt  some  difficulty  about  the 
'*  here?,"  "  heyr,"  and  "  heyrs,"  hired  for.  the 
prophets ;  and  I  ventured  to  guess  that  this  word, 
thus  variously  spelt,  might  probably  mean  haity 
and  might  refer  to  the  hiring  of  some  wigs  or 
other  costume  for  the  prophets.  I  was  encouraged 
in  this  view  by  observing,  in  Brand's  Popular 
Antiquities,  the  following  entry  from  the  church- 
wardens' accounts  for  the  parish  of  St  Maiy-at- 
Hill,  in  the  City  of  London :  — 

"  1531.  Paid  for  the  hire  of  the  raymcnt  for  the  Prophets, 
12<i." 

Mr.  Edward  J.  Wood's  note  makes  it,  I  thinlf, 
highly  probable  that  the  raiment  hired  for  the 
prophets  consisted  of  some  garments  of  hair  cloth. 
One  can  readily  imagine  that  in  the  pageant  of 
the  day  some  lay-figure,  or  even  a  living  person 
hired  for  the  occasion,  may  have  been  clothed 
with  such  a  garment  to  represent  St.  John  Bap- 
tist, with  his  "  raiment  of  camel's  hair  " ;  or  pos- 
sibly to  personify  Elijah  the  Tishbite,  or  some 
other  prophet  with  his  "rough  garment,"  as  the 
English  text  has  it  in  Zechariah  xiii.  6,  the  mar- 
gin giving  '*  a  garment  of  hair." 

W.  Sparrow  Simpson. 

"The  Oaks"  (4''»  S.  iv.  20.)— Knowing  that 
the  desire  of  '*  N.  &  Q."  is  to  be  in  all  things  cor- 
rect, I  venture  to  correct  Mr.  Wilkins'  state- 
ment that  "  The  Oaks  "  is  at  Banstead.  It  is  in 
the  small  adjacent  parish  of  Woodmansterne,  which 
seldom  gets  the  credit  of  including  it  in  its  bounds. 
I  have  seen  in  the  papers  lately,  "  The  Oaks,  Ep- 
som," "The  Oaks,  (Jarshalton,"  and  now  Mb. 
Wilkins  assigns  it  to  Banstead. 

C.  E.  Gordon  Crawford. 

Woodmansterne  Rectory. 

Wordsworth's  "  Lucy  "  (4**'  S.  iii.  680.)— This 
clever  parody  was  written  by  Hartley  Coleridge, 
whose  character  the  great  poet  prophetically 
divined  when  he  was  but  six  years  old :  — 

**  O  blessed  vision !  happy  child ! 
Thou  art  so  exquisitely  wild, 
I  think  of  thee  vrith  many  fears 
For  what  may  be  thy  lot  in  future  years.** 

I  have  heard  Hartley  Coleridge  himself  recite  it, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  8.  IV.  Jolt  HW. 


and  hftTB  an  impresaion  that  G.  E.  doea  not  quote 
it  with  perfact  accuracT.  Maerochbir. 

■William  Combu  (4*  S.  iv.  U.l— I  think  with 
&[r.  Matek  that  Combe  could  hskrdly  have  been 

Suite  a  scoundrel.  Crabb  Robinson  deaiMibea 
im  (i.  292-4)  as  the  person  who  at  The  Timet 
office,  when  Walter  was  absent — ''  decided  in  tiie 
dernier  ressort."  He  came  from  the  King's  Bench 
to  Printing-house  Square  on  a  day  rule,  and 
refused  to  allow  WalMr  to  paj  his  debts,  because 
bo  considered  the  claim  against  him  inequitable. 
Had  be  been  quite  such  a  villain  as  some  writers 


Cblter-kets  (4'"  S.  iii.  480,  563.)— A  writer 
in  the  Journal  of  HoHimiUare  (No.  432,  p.  23,) 
objects  that  the  oxiip  or  cowslip  could  not  have 
been  the  ctUv^-keys,  because  the  latter  is  called 
"  azure  "  in  the  following  quotation  :  — 
'■  Among  the  dai«iu  and  tbo  tjoUU  blue, 
Bed  hyacinth  »nd  yellow  daffodil, 
Purple  narclBBua,  like  the  morning  rayi. 
Pale  gandeT-gciBS  and  azure  culrer-keyes." 

John  Davart, 

The  following  b  from  Halliwell,  Archaic  Did,. 
(i.  286):  — 

"  Ctdver-lui/a.  The  bnuchea  of  pods  vhich  contain  tbe 
aeeds  of  the  ash  ;  alia  explained  the  columbine." 

Culver  =  ci<;/>e,  A,-S.  for  eolamba,  "a  dove," 
The  flower  called  columbine  (Aquilegia  vu^arts), 
which  has  blue  petals,  is  thus  described :  — 

"  The  ft\-eipumd  petals  with  incurved  heads  hare 
been  compared  to  five  doves — the  lepala  representing  the 
winga,  and  to  IbU  tbe  English  name  colamblat  rerers." 

The  word  k^t  may  refer  to  the  calcarale  pro- 
cesses called  tpurs,  for  Mr.  Halliwell  says  tbe 
principal  claw  in  a  hawk's  foot  is  called  a  key: 
thus,  culmr-key  means  iioM-»pur— j  ust  as  the  De/- 
phinitim,  which  belongs  to  the  same  order,  is 
called  larkspur.  A.  Hall. 

BnioBwick  Terrace,  Brixton  Hill,  S. 

City  o?  Londoit  Swobdbbarbk  (4'"  S.  iv.  33.) 
It  is  staled  in  "  N.  &  Q."  that  Humphrey  Leigh 
was  succeeded  in  the  above  office  By  William 
Hall  on  Feb.  26, 1632.  In  the  second  codicil  to 
the  will  of  Sir  Martin  Lumley,  "Citizen  and 
Alderman  of  London,"  and  at  one  time  Lord 
Mayor,  dated  June  30, 1834,  a  leraoy  oE  twenty 
nobles  is  bequeathed  to  "Mr.  HaU,  the  Sword- 
bearer."  Sir  Martin  Lumley  wa?  conaeoted  with 
a  family  of  Hall  by  the  marriage  of  his  only 
daughter  Sarah  with  John  Hall,  a  French  mer- 
chant,dtizen  and  draper  of  London.  This  John  was 
probably  a  nephew  of  one  William  Hal!  described 
in  the  will  of  his  brother  Daniel  Hall,  1623,  as 
" minister";  and  Daniel  had  a  son  named  Wil- 
liam, who  died  young.  The  name  wafl,  there- 
fore, evidently  in  the  hmily.    Though  neither  of 


these  Williams  was  evidently  swordbearer,  it 
might  well  have  been  one  of  the  same  family.  I 
am  very  desirous  of  identifying  the  ewordbeuer 
with  it,  and  therefore  trouble  you  with  this  soma- 
wbat  irrelevant  not«,  which  is  perhaps  more  fairly 
to  be  taken  as  a  query. 

GboRSB  W.  iSiBSBilX. 

Weacombe,  Bicknoller,  Taualon. 

MlSAPPRBHENBIOSS  (d""  S.  ill.  522,  610.)— 
Allow  me  to  poiut  out  another  seeming  minp- 
prehension  on  the  part  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  TlM 
passage  will  be  found  in  tbe  octaro  edition  of  hit 
Life  hy  Lockhart,  pp.  500 :  — 

*"  Sir  Waller  observed  that  it  eeemed  to  ba  a  pieee  of 
Protestantism  to  drop  tbe  saintly  Cities  of  the  CathidM 
Church:  they  call  St.  Patricks,  Patricks!  and  St.  Ste- 
phen's Green  has  t>eeD  Oranfrised  into  StephcDS.  He 
said  von  might  trace  the  Pnritana  In  tbe  plain  Poi4n 
(for  St.  Panl  s)  c^  the  Old  English  comedians." 

In  a  most  interesting  article,  however,  bj  Al- 
lingham,  which  appeared  in  Frtuer't  Magatme  tot 
June,  1869  (p.  788),  quite  a  different  view  of  the 
omisuon  of  the  prefli  of  the  saint's  name  is  taken 
by  the  writer;  — 

"  In  Ireland  it  was  not,  and  is  not,  cnslomary  to  BM 
the  title  of  Saint.  With  a  simple  reverence  the  p«»l*  - 
called  the  holy  men  and  women  among  (hem  ningly  07 
their  names,  often  alTecIionatelv  prefixing  '  mo,'  ^^  or 
'do,'  thy.  Patrick's  Day.  Stephen's  Green.  Sta.  (Kerin'k 
Port),  are  still  the  usual  names. 

"  In  early  times  tba  Iriib  did  not  call  their  childno  a 
saint's  name  without  tb?  preSx  Gilla,  a  servant— as  Ofl- 
patrick,  Gilbride,  Gilhoaly,"  &e. 

In  Dublin,  at  least,  the  Roman  Catholics  ■■ 
often  name  their  places  of  worship  without  U 
with  the  saint's  prefii— as  Michael  and  John's; 
but  more  frequently  by  the  name  of  the  atoMt 
they  are  situated  in  —  as  Francis  Street,  WeBt- 
land  Row,  Townsend  Street,  MarlborouKh  Street 
chapels,  &c.  So  that  the  omission  of  the  saints' 
ptetix  can  hardly  be  esteemed,  as  Sir  Waltai 
Scott  considered,  a  relic  of  Puritanism. 

H.H. 

Mahodbritb  of  Attstbia  (4'"  S.  iv.  30^)— For 

another  portrut  of  this  princess  see  (Xd  LotwbM, 

p.  204  of  Mr.  Scharf  s  paper  on  "  Royal  I^ctUN 

Galleries,"  B.  B.  Woodwabh. 

Impobtasi  Biblical  Discovery  (4"  S.  iv.  7.) 
Mr.  Barhav,  in  his  version  of  tbe  87th  psalm, 
has  forgotten  that  Hebrew  is  a  language  subject, 
like  other  languages,  to  fixed  laws,  and  that  ■ 
Hebrew  sentence  is  not  a  mere  accumulation  of 
letters  with  which  any  conjuring  tricks  may  be 
played.  He  could  not  otherwise  have  proposed, 
with  apparent  seriousness,  an  emendation  so  egre- 
giously  absurd.  He  baa  taken  the  initial  letter  of 
one  word  and  an  abbreviated  form  of  another,  and 
made  the  two  into  a  compound  which  has_  no 
existence  in  Hebrew,  but  which  he  asserts,  with- 
out giving  any  authority,  ia  the  most  apedflc 


4*  8.  IV.  Juti  24,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


87 


name  the  Jews  employed  to  deagnate  the  Messiah. 
**  In  tids  compound  word  the  A  stands  for  Adonai, 
Ae  Lord^  and  hku  for  Jesus  the  Saviour,  All  this 
is  proved  in  Schindler^s  Hebrew  dictionary." 
Win  Mb.  Babham  give  the  reference  to  Schind- 
ler  ?  I  have  known  the  hook  a  long  time,  and 
shall  he  much  astonished  to  find  any  such  state- 
ment there.  On  the  other  hand,  I  will  refer  him 
to  Buxtoif' 8  Lexicon  Talmudicum,  col.  991,  for 
infonDttion  on  the  subject.  The  medal  to  which 
Mb.  Baxoam  appeals  for  confirmation  of  his 
view  is  clearly  a  modem  fabrication  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  and  the  Hebrew  inscription  is 
ffodi  as  no  one  who  knew  the  language  would 
hare  written. 

I  wish  to  protest  strongly  against  such  emen- 
datJopff  aa  calculated  to  bring  discredit  upon 
Hebrew  criticism.  No  one  would  have  ventured 
to  propoae  a  conjecture  of  the  kind  in  Latin  or 
Greek.  William  Alms  Wright. 

Trin.  GoQ.  Cambridge. 

Felix  Aottbia  (4"*  S.  iii.  284.)  —  The  ingeni- 

ooB  and  highly-gifted  Mr.  Charles  Thiriold 

(to  whom  all  readers  of  vour  excellent  periodical 

ana  much  indebted  for  his  remarks  on  Austria, 

and  most  of  all,  perhaps,  for  his  note  some  years 

ago  on  the  Anglo-Saxon  termination  -ster)  would 

he  pleased,  I  doubt  not,  to  know  that  the  wording, 

if  not  quite  the  thought,  of  the  epigram  of  which 

he  has  only  given  the  first  line,  is  borrowed  from 

Ovid*a  Henides.     I  give  the  epigram  in  full :  — 

*  B^la  gfmit  alii,  ta,  felix  Austria,  nube ; 
Ham  qm  Mara  aliis  dat  tibi  r^^a  Venus." 

The  pasMges  in  the  Heroides  are  — 


and 


'BeOagerant  alii ;  Protesilans  amet "  (xiii.  84), 


"  Apita  magis  Yeueri  qaam  sunt  tua  corpora  Marti ; 
Bella  gerant  fortes,  tu,  Pari,  semper  ama." 

(xvii.  263,  254.) 

Erato  Hills. 
Trin.  Coll.  Cambridge. 

«  A  SUPT  OP  Bekf  "  (4'»»  S.  iv.  33.)-In  Halli- 
well'a  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and  Provincial  Words j 
the  first  meaning  of  slift  is  '^  the  fieshy  part  of 
the  leg  of  beef ;  part  of  the  round '' ;  and  it  is 
said  to  he  used  in  the  Eastern  Counties.  It  is 
prohahly  identical  with  the  bed,  which  in  the 
same  counties  is  used  for  ''a  fieshy  piece  of  beef 
cut  from  the  upper  part  of  the  leg  and  bottom  of 
the  beUy.'' 

Looking  at  the  etymology  of  the  word  I  cannot 
doubt  that  it  is  connected  with  the  old  English 
JifCj  L  q.  sleeve,  from  a  fancied  resemblance  be- 
tween the  fleshy  upper  part  of  the  leg  with  the 
ileere,  fuller  as  it  is  at  the  upper  end. 

James  Daviss. 

Hoor  Coart,  Kington,  Herefordshire. 

If  Mb.  Cvthbbrt  Bede  receives  no  more  deci- 
«Te  reply  to  his^query  on  the  above  subject,  he 


may  perhaps  be  pleased  to  know  that  I  have  often 
heard  a  female  relative  of  mine  (a  native  of  Nor- 
folk, and  long  resident  at  Ormesby,)  speak  of  the 
"sliff  marrow-bone,"  which  would  lead  me  to 
suppose  that  the  '^  slift  of  beef  is  the  ordinary 
"  round  of  beef."  M.  D. 

Cockney  Eht3ie  (4**'  S.  iv.  29.) — Mr.  Jackson 
is  certainly  mistaken  as  to  Ralph  and  laugh  being 
"the  cockniest  of  cockney  rhymes."  Of  Ralpk^ 
he  says,  ^'  in  the  South  of  England  the  pronun- 
ciation is  as  it  is  spelt," — not  a  very  clear  defini- 
tion. But  in  fact  the  name  is  commonly  sounded 
in  London  and  the  south  of  England  like  Rafe, 
rhyming  to  safe.  This,  Mr.  Jackson  says,  is  the 
wav  they  pronounce  in  Yorkshire.  Here,  again, 
I  think  he  is  mistaken.  A  few  years  ago  I  was 
talking  at  Whitby  with  an  ola  gentleman,  a 
thorough-bred  Yorkshireman,  who  had  kept  his 
Yorkshire  tongue  through  long  years  of  residence- 
in  London,  and  I  spoke  of  a  relative  of  mine  he 
had  known  there,  and  whom  I  called,  after  the 
London  fashion,  Rafe,  At  first  my  old  friend  did 
not  recognise  the  name,  but  then  exclaimed,''  -^ye, 
aye,  %ce  called  him  Ralfy  He  pronounced  the  a 
as  in  SaUy,  and  sounded  the  /. 

Mr.  Jackson  says  that  Scott  "  must  have  pro- 
nounced laugh  as  it  is  given  by  the  lowest  and 
most  vulgar  cockney's  larf  I  see  no  must  in  the 
case.  If  he  did  not  call  Ralph  Rarf  why  should 
he  have  called  laugh  larff  Two  modes  of  calling- 
the  name  occur  in  Hudihras\  one  with  just  the 
sound  Scott  gives  it : — 

"A  squire  he  bad  whose  name  was  Ralph, 
Who  in  th'  adventure  went  his  half; 
And  when  we  can  with  metre  safe. 
We'll  call  him  so  ;  if  not,  plain  Raph." 

Butler  was  no  cockney,  that  bite  twire  of  Mb^ 
Jackson.  J,  Dixon. 

Mr.  Jackson  jumps  to  a  conclusion  from  rather 
arbitrary  premises.  He  says  Scott  {Rokehy)  adopts- 
the  pronunciation  Rarf  (Ralph),  and  hence  Uie 
cockneyism  Uufy  for  laugh,  which  ends  the  couplet. 
Mr.  Jackson  tells  us  that  ^'the  proper  name 
Ralph  is  pronounced  three  different  ways.  In 
the  South  of  England  the  pronunciation  is  as  it  is 
spelt.  In  Yorkshire  we  pronounce  the  name  as  if 
it  were  written  Raif  and  in  the  North  we  say 
Rarf^^  I  do  not  know  what  part  of  the  North 
is  referred  to,  but  in  the  South,  East,  and  West 
of  Scotland  I  have  heard  it  sometimes  pronounced 
Raify  but  generally  Raff,  I  had  a  schoolfellow 
named  Ralph  who  always  got  Raff,  The  silent 
/  before  a  consonant  is  not  uncommon,  as  stalky 
walk,  talk.  Some  other  proof  must  be  produced^ 
ere  Scott  can  be  justly  charged  witn  writing 
cockney  rhymes.  R. 

PoUokshields,  Glasgow. 

Jasmin^  the  Barber  Poet  (4**»  S.  iv.  31.) — 
Some  years  ago  appeared  in  the  French  periodical. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«'S.  IV.  Jui.r24,'69. 


L'AHisU,  &  lithoBTftph  by  Q.  Frey  after  Seb. 
Goniu,  with  two  lines  in  fnoaimile  of  the  poet's 
handwriliDg  aud  ugaature ;  — 

"  I'cy  bbto  rire  qnand  liiioy. 
t'ey  bisU  plourft  quaad  plmirabi ! 

P.  A.  L. 

If  jour  correspondent  will  favour  me  with  hta 
address,  I  shall  have  great  pleasure  in  lending  him 
a  copy  of  Las  PapUlotoi,  containing  the  portrait  of 
the  author.  The  publishers  nre  Messrs.  I^rmin 
Didot  &  Co.,  Paris.  G.  A.  SCHKUMPF. 

Whitby. 


Mary  Qi 
Nai 


^tijccnaneauii- 

SOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

'tiei  n/Eemts  from  Ike  Death  «f  Jama  V.  m 
iotii  iht  Dcetli  i/fthtSegatt  Sturrrn/  in  1570.  B^ 
Jolin  Ilosack,  Barrister-st-Lnw.  (Blacknood.) 
This  volume  commends  itself  to  all  who  take  an  in- 
tereat  in  tlie  veK«d  and  punful  hittoiy  of  Klary  Queen  of 
Scots,  on  aeconnt  of  two  important  but  hitherto  un- 
publiaheil  documentB  which  it  is  the  editor's  good  fortune 
to  brii)g  under  the  notice  of  historical  students.  Ttiue 
are,  first,  the  Articles  preferred  against  her  at  the  Con 
ftrence  at  Westminater  in  1668,  which  having  been  pre 
served  among  the  interesting  collection  of  contcmporarv- 
papers  iinown  as  the  Honetoun  Manuscripts,  are  now 
tempomrilv  deposited  with  the  Lord  Clerli  Rcgi  ter 
and  seconi^lf,  the  Journals  of  the  Proceedings  at  H  eit 
minster  on  (be  day  upon  which  the  silver  casket  con 
taininu  the  alleged  letters  of  Queen  Mary  to  Bothwell 
1T19  protluced.  Mr.  Uoeack,  who  is  a  zealous  advocate 
of  the  unhappy  Queen,  uses  these  and  other  documents 
with  great  ingenuity  in  her  vindication,  but,  to  our 
minds,  with  very  indifferent  success  :  and  the  perusal  of 
his  book  has  served  bj  convince  us  of  the  strong-  common 
sense  uf  Sir  tVolter  tKott,  who,  in  answer  lo  the  inqnirv 
of  a  literary  friend  as  to  what  he  thought  of  the  case  of 
Mary,  replied,  "if  it  had  not  been  for  her  marnage  to 
Bothwell,  1  could  have  made  ■  good  case  for  her  Mr 
Hoaack  may  console  himself,  if  neeil  he,  for  his  failure 
by  the  conviction  that  Scott  could  have  done  no  better 
for  Ills  illustrious  and  most  unhappy  client. 
Sni  of   fyortiia  galhend  from  the  Old  HUloria,  and 

RoiD  uirittea  aneie.     Bg  the  ^tithar  of  '•  The  Ucir  of 

Kcdclyft'e."    (MacmiUan.) 

A  great  change  has  come  over  the  world  since  — 
"  The  worlhi^  nine  that  were  of  might, 
By  travailc  won  immortal  praise." 
And  (he  thirteen  worthies,  Joshua,  David,  Hector,  Arist- 
ide!>,   Xehemiali,  Xenoplion.   Epaminondas,  Alexander, 
Marcus  Curios  Dentatua.  Cleomenes,   Scipio  Africanus, 
Judaa  Maccabeus,  and  Julius  Cmsar,  whom  the  authoress 
of  Tin  Htir  if  Redclgfft  has  selected  as  types  uf  excel- 
lence, exhibit  characteristics  more  in  accordance  with  our 
present  ooticus  of  worth  and  goodness  than  tbojie  which 

Euvailed  when  Holufemes  presented  the  nine  Worthies 
fore  the  Princess  of  France.  The  authoress  has,  by 
this  little  book,  conferred  another  favour  on  ber  many 
readers  and  admirers. 


Books  Received:  — 
Tie  FM-Speech  of  CMnUrlaad  and  lomt  DUtricIt  adja- 
ctal ;  bc'ing  thart  Sloria  and  Bii/mei  in  Ihe  Dialecli  of 
the  IVest  Border  Cmntie:    Bg  Alexander  Craig  Gib- 
son, F.S.A.    (Russell  Smith.) 

A  little  volume  of  tales  and  poems  written  for  the  most 
part,  as  the  author  insists,  in  "pure  Cambrian,"  and  as 
interesting  to  the  philologist  for  the  language,  as  to  the 
ordinary  reader  for  its  subject  matter. 
The  Boobuiorm:  on  lUaitrated  Uterary  and  BHHngra- 
phinal  Reciew.  f  tbruari,  lo  June,  l»iJ3. 
We  have  to  call  the  attention  of  our  bibliographical 
readers  to  fire  more  numbers  of  this  thdr  special  journal, 
in  which  curious  literary  inforniattou  and  admirable  fae- 
similes  of  old  woodcut?,  Ac,  contend  for  the  masleij-. 

AaiiWTiiL  Linr.ARV ;  Society  of  Asthjuaribs. — 
The  valuable  tJoltection  of  Books  bequeathed  by  the  late 
Mr.  Ashpitel  to  the  Societv  of  which  he  was  for  so  many 
years  a  distinguished  t'ellow,  has  been  removed  ts 
someract  House,  and  forms  an  important  addition  to  tha 
excellent  library  of  tlie  Society.  Cnder  Mr.  AehjuterB 
bequest,  the  Society  receive*  upwards  of  (wo  thoosand 
volumes,  the  greater  portion  being  more  or  less  con- 
nected with  some  branch  uf  archsological  study:  the 
remainder  being  atrikiiigly  illustrative  of  the'varied 
reading  of  the  accomplislied  scholar,  ^hoeo  memory  will 
'     '---  '  in  the  Society  by  Tub  AsHrrrBL 


flatitat  t0  Goirri^aiitieiiU. 


■'HOTBBUD  (lDMn3"Ur(iUtettd(Ur 


4*fcS.IV.  JULY31/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


89 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  JULY  31,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  83. 


KOTES :  —  Thomas  Rowlandson.  Artist,  89  —  Youart : 
Toofchoort,  91  —  Jo.  Davors:  Izaak  Walton,  76.  —  Identity 
of  Indian  and  European  Games,  93  —  Pieces  from  Manu- 
scripts, No.  VI.,  94  —  Shakspeare.  *'  Measure  for  M easure  '* : 
the  •*  Frenzie  Angelo  "  —  Closing  of  the  Thames  Tunnel  — 
Anecdote  of  Winnington  —  Jews  iu  Jerusalem -- Chris- 
tianity. 9«. 

QU6RIKS:  —  Air  Cushions  —  Cansick  —  Crowned  Heads 
marrying  Sisters  —  Differences  in  Arms  —  Explanations 
wanted  —  Bishop  G^este,  or  Gheast  —  Kunig  Tyrol  von 

.  Scbotten  und  Fridebrant  sin  Sun  —  Miltoirs  "Paradise 
liost."  I'd.  folio,  1688  —  North,  Bridge,  and  Flegg  Families 
— The  Earliest  Specimen  of  Paper  — Old  Map  of  Ireland 
—  Paraphrase  from  Horace  —  Sir  Phillip  le  Vache  —  Stone 
PUlar  Crosses,  95. 

QvniBS  WITH  Answebs  :  —  Passage  in  Fitzstephen : "  The 
dtizeo's  Pocket  Chronicle "  — The  Puritan's  Cat  — The 
Bights  of  Public  Libraries  —  Herrings,  97. 

SSPLIES:  — C&rnac:  a  New  Key  to  be  Tried  to  a  very 
Bnatj  Lock.  98  —  Penmen,  100  —  The  Sudcreys,  101  — 
Bason  Cuticle  on  a  Church  Door.  Jb.  —  Who  were  the 
Combatants  at  the  Battle  of  the  North  Inch  of  Perth  iu 
ISMf  102  -  Epigram  by  Dr.  Hawtrey  —  Cartularies,  Ac, 
of  Paifflnbam  Abbey  and  Davington  Priory—  More  Family 

—  Newark  Peerage  —  flalhed's  MS.  Notes  on  Dr.  Dee  — 
Ooiitted  References  —  Skimmerton,  or  Skimmington  — 
Kapoleon  I.  and  his  Second  Marriage  —  Plurality  of  Altars 

—  Mm  Robinson:  "Perdita"  —  The  Court  in  1784  — 
The  Oak  and  the  Ash  —  Grinling  Gibbons  — "  When  my 
Byestnngs  break  in  Death "  —  Sir  William  Wallace's 
Statue—  Bumble-bee.  Ac.,  104. 

Notea  on  Books.  Ac 


THOMAS  ROWLANDSON.  ARTIST. 

Thomas  Rowlandson,  though  born  July  1756,  in 
the  Old  Jewry,  is  said  to  have  studied  drawing:  in 
Paris.    Those  who  know  the  accuracy  with  which 
French  students,  about  the  time  of  the  accession 
of  Louis  XVI.,  were  taught  to  express  the  human 
figure,  can  scarcely  suppose  that  Rowlandson  could 
have  really  had  more  education  in  drawing  than 
his  compeers  Grose,  Bunbury,  and  Gillray.    It  is, 
however,  still  more  extraordinary  that  he  is  also 
described  as  having  been  both  before  and  subse- 
quently a  student  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Arts  in 
LondoD.    Perhaps  the  clever,  but  cynic,  Gillray 
ctred  as  much  for  Rowlandson  as  for  anybody  in 
ti»e  world  besides  his  landlady  and  publisher,  Mrs. 
Humphreys,  of  St  James's  Street,  and  her  servant. 
Far  many  years,  if  Gillray  was  spending  his  even- 
ing at  the  Bell,  the  Coal-hole,  or  the  Coach-and- 
Horaes,  Rowlandson,  knowing  where  to  find  him, 
would  sometimes  meet  him ;  and   after  a  chat 
upoD  the  ebb  or  flow  of  employment,  and  a  laugh 
at  the  world  in  general,  they  would  enter  into 
the  common  talk  of  the  room  that  served  these 
worthies  as  a  club,  smoke  their  cigars,  drink  their 
punch,*  and  shake  hands  at  the  door  before  de- 

*  **  Cigars  and  punch,"  teste  VV.  H.  Pyne;  else  I  Bhould 
have  written  **  pipes  and  grog,"  though  both  expected 
nioe  from  their  employers,  as  was  the  etiquetie  of  that 
period. 


parting  to  their  domiciles.  Rowlandson  lived  in 
apartments  in  the  Adelphi,  where  he  died,  after 
a  severe  illness  of  two  years,  April  22,  1827,  aged 
seventy,  as  stated  in  the  memoir  given  in  the 
Gentleman^ 8  Magazine  for  June,  p.  564. 

If  at  any  time  collectors  should  be  surprised  at 
finding  that  five  or  six  of  his  productions  are 
almost  exactly  similar  in  outline^  and  scarcely 
diflferent  in  colour,  they  may  rest  assured  that  all 
are  by  him,  and  were  considered  by  him  to  be 
equally  originals.  The  process  of  production  was 
simple.  Rowlandson  would  call  m  the  Strand| 
ask  for  paper,  vermilion,  a  brush,  water,  a  saucer, 
and  a  reed;  then,  making  of  the  reed  such  a  pen 
as  he  liked,  he  drew  the  outline  of  a  subject 
(generally  taking  care  to  reverse  the  arms  of  his 
figures),  and  hand  the  paper  to  Mr.  Ackermann 
to  be  treated  aa  if  it  were  a  copper-plate.  This 
was  taken  to  the  press,  where  some  well-damped 
paper  was  laid  upon  the  sketch,  and  the  two 
were  subjected  to  a  pressure  that  turned  them 
out  as  a  right  and  left  outline.  The  operation 
would  be  performed  with  other  pieces  of  damp 
paper  in  succession,  until  the  original  would  not 
part  with  vermilion  enough  to  indicate  an  out- 
line ;  then  that  original  became  useless,  and  Row- 
landson proceeded  to  reline  the  replicas,  and  to 
tint  them  according  to  the  fancy  of  the  moment. 

Such  works  as  these,  or  as  the  figures  which 
Rowlandson  added  to  Pugin^s  drawings  for  the 
Microcosm  of  London,  and  other  similar  pub- 
lications, were  merely  "pot-boilers" — a  term  well 
understood  in  1 805 — and  were  not  the  usual  re- 
sults of  his  abilities.  His  grotesquesj  for  they  can 
hardly  be  termed  caricatures,  were  rather  of  the 
same  class  as  the  three  Tours  of  Dr,  Syntax, 
78  pi. ;  History  and  Adventures  of  Johnny  New^ 
come,  14  pi. ;  English  Dance  of  Death,  74  pi. ; 
Naples  and  the  Campagna  Felice^  17  pi. ;  Dance  of 
Ufe,  26  pi.;  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  24  pi.;  Send- 
mental  Travels  in  the  South  of  France,  18  pL; 
History  and  Life  of  Johnny  Quce  Genus,  24  pL ; 
Tom  Raw  the  Griffin,  24  pi. ;  and  the  Illustra- 
tions of  the  Miseries  of  Human  Life,  50  pi.,  with 
the  67  subjects  worked  into  The  Humourist,  1831, 
by  W.  H.  Harrison.  But  far  more  serious  were 
The  Loyal  1  olunteers  of  Londofi,  published  about 
1795,  in  87  pi.,  and  the  design  for  the  transpa- 
rency which  was  exhibited  on  Nov.  5  and  6,  1813, 
at  101,  Strand,  and  which  is  now  perhaps  only  to 
be  found,  with  a  political  squib  in  rhyme,  in  the 
Repository  of  Arts,  1814,  1st  ser.  xi.  53. 

The  Catalogue  of  the  library  in  the  British 
Museum  gives  to  Rowlandson  the  illustrations  in, 
the  following  other  works :  C.  Anstey,  TJie  Com- 
forts of  Bath ;  twenty  caricatures  in  illustration 
of  Boswell's  Journal  of  a  Tour  to  the  Hebrides, 
1786,  fol.;  ^.  B\x\X%T,  Hudibras,  1810;  G.  Gam- 
bado (pseud.).  An  Academy  for  grown  Horsemen, 
1809 ;  Goldsmith,  Vicar  of  Wakefield,  1823 ;  Mun- 


90 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»S.1V.  Jult81,'69. 


chKOsen^ 6  Surprising  Advefitiires,  1809;  T.  Smol- 
lett, Adventures  of  Peregrine  Pickle,  1805;  L. 
Sterne,  SentiinentalJoumcy,  2  pi.,  1809;  Charac- 
teristic Sketches  of  the  Lower  Orders,  54  pi.,  1820. 
To  these  the  Catalogue  of  the  King's  Library 
adds  under  his  name,  besides  the  Loyal  Volunteers, 
An  Excursion  to  Brighthelmstone  made  in  1789, 
foL,  1790;  and  Hungarian  and  Highland  Broad 
Sword,  foL,  1799. 

Nearly  everything  that  Rowlandson  produced 
after  1800?  was  submitted  to  Mr.  Ackermann. 
When  the  two  perceived  that  the  consumption 
was  becoming  restricted,  the  latter  suggested  that 
unless  such  works  were  available  to  him  for  some 
publication,  they  were  not  likely  to  realise  prices 
that  would  satisfy  the  artist.  Thereon  the  former 
invented  and  submitted  the  greater  portion  of  the 
subjects  in  the  first  Tour  of  Dr.  Syntax,  and  it 
was  agreed  that  the  success  of  them,  with  the 
co-operation  of  Mr.  Combe,  should  be  tried. 
Having  settled  the  idea  in  this  manner,  Mr. 
Ackermann  went  with  it  to  Mr.  Combe  in  the 
King's  Bench  Prison,  and  made  with  him  the 
necessary  arrangements  (naturally  guarded,  as 
being  made  with  almost  a  stranger),  under  which 
one  of  the  most  popular  works  of  the  day  was 
concocted.  Combe  (noticed  in  ''  X.  &  Q. "  4»'»  S. 
iii.  545,  509)  himself  furnished  nearly  the  same 
account  in  the  preface  to  the  first  fourj  where 
he  says : — 

"  I  undertook  to  give  metrical  illustrations  of  the 
prints  with  which  Mr.  Ackermann  decorated  the  Poetical 
Magazine.  .  .  .  The  designs  to  which  this  volume  is 
greatly  indebted,  I  was  informed  would  follow  in  a 
series,  and  it  was  proposed  to  me  to  shape  out  a  story 
from  them.  An  etchmg  or  a  drawing  was  accordingly 
sent  to  me  everj'  month,  and  I  composed  a  certain  pro- 
portion of  pages  in  verse,  in  which  of  course  the  subject 
of  the  design  was  included.  .  .  .  When  the  first  print  was 
sent  to  me,  I  did  not  know  what  would  be  the  subject  of 
the  second ;  and  in  this  manner,  in  a  great  measure,  the 
artist  continued  designing,  and  I  continued  writing  every 
month  for  two  years  ....  the  artist  and  the  writer 
having  no  personal  communication  with,  or  knowledge 
of  each  other  ....  though  on  a  first  view  of  some  of  the 
prints,  it  may  appear  as  if  the  clerical  character  was 
treated  with  levity,  I  am  confident  in  announcing  a  very 
opposite  impression  from  a  perusal  of  the  work." 

In  the  second  Tottr  nearly  the  same  view  is 
stated  — 

•*  A  work  of  suggestions,  from  the  plates,  by  Mr.  Row- 
landson, though  not  with  such  entire  reserve  as  the 
first." 

This  second  part  contains  the  lines  (on  p.  115 
of  Mr.  Hotten's  edition)  — 

"  What  hangs  on  lines  from  tree  to  tree. 
They  are  my  works,  which  I  display 
In  the  full  air  of  open  day." 

They  refer  to  a  fact  in  the  practice  of  a  well- 
known  water-colour  painter,  Green  of  Ambleside ; 
and  he  is,  I  believe,  the  only  person  introduced  into 
the  three  Tours ;  unless,  in  the  thirty  or,  forty  lines 


which  follow  them,  there  was  meant  to  be  also  an 
allusion  to  Rowlandson's  own  habit,  already  men- 
tioned, of  multiplication ;  and  unless  Miss  PaUet 
was  a  piece  of  flattery  to  Harriet  Gouldsmith.  It 
would  scarcely  have  been  worth  while  to  insist 
upon  this  absence  of  personality  in  the  Tours  if 
my  attention  had  not  been  drawn  to  a  passage  in 
Daly's  Revue  G^nSrale  for  1841,  ii.  361,  where  his 
correspondent  J.  M.,  recounting  the  events  of  a 
visit  to  Stratford-upon-Avon,  says : — 

"  Sur  votre  chemin  vers  I'cglise  n'oubliez  pas  d'entrer 
chez  un  libraire  qui  vous  fera  voir,  entre  autrcs  deasins 
fort  curieux,  une  esquisse  de  ce  qu'on  appelle  le  pupitre 
de  Sbakspere  :  cette  esquisse  est  dc  la  main  du  reverend 
Nixon,  le  prototype  du  docteur  Syntax." 

My  friends  having  very  well  known  Mr.  Row- 
landson, Mr.  Combe,  and  Mr.  Ackermann,  with- 
out ever  hearing  any  allusion  to  a  prototype  of 

Syntax,  it  seemed  to   me   that  the    Rev. 

Nixon  must  be  a  creation  of  the  French  tourist^s 
imagination,  until  it  occurred  to  me  that  the 
name  was  one  hardly  likely  to  be  selected  by 
a  foreigner  for  a  fictitious  personage.  If  any 
of  your  readers  should  happen  to  know  any- 
thing about  this  "  prototype,"  a  communication 
of  it  would  be  interesting,  because  the  way  in 
which  the  first  Tour  was  created  has  always 
been  represented,  I  believe  correctly,  as  merely 
the  result  of  Combe's  ingenuity  in  making  a  peg 
upon  which  to  hang  portions  ot*  type  that  should 
seem  to  have  been  the  origin,  rather  than  the 
product,  of  Rowlandson's  illustrations.  .  I  am  im- 
pelled to  insist  upon  this  point,  because  whoever 
wrote  the  Advertisement  prefacing  the  Letters  to 
Marianne,  published  in  1823  directlv  after  the 
death  of  Combe,  represented  him  as  guilty  of  mak- 
ing the  following  statement,  which  is  irreconcilable 
with  the  first  of  the  passages  herein  quoted,  ex- 
cept as  a  specimen  of  Combe's  habitual  equivoca- 
tion :  — 

**  At  an  interview  which  a  friend  of  the  editor  enjoyed 
with  Mr.  Combe,  cif^ht  davs  previous  to  his  decease,  he 
found  him  with  The  Diaboliad  lyinfj  open  before  him. 
•  B.*  said  he,  '  when  1  bojxnn  my  Doctor  St/ntar,  I  had 
the  designs  of  the  artist  laid  bcforts  me ;  and  the  task 
prescribed  to  me  was,  to  write  up  to  them.  Those  designs 
might  have  been  applied  to  a  .«^atire  upon  the  national 
clergy ;  but  if  ridicule  was  the  intention,  to  such  a  plan 
I  resolved  not  to  lend  my  pen  :  I  respect  the  clergy;  and 
I  determinc<l  to  turn  tlio  cdj;e  of  the  weapon  which  I 
thought  was  levelled  against  them." 

It  seems  ludicrous  to  read  in  subsequent  lines 
an  eulogium  of  the  "faithfulness  and  ingenuity 
with  which  he  executed  this  resolve,"  when  it  is 
remembered  that  any  sensible  man  would  be  un- 
likely to  issue  **  a  satire  upon  the  national  clergy  '* 
simultaneously  with  his  publication  of  the  Rev. 
J.  Thomas's  Pclifnous  Emblems^  and  with  the 
preparation  of  the  Histories  of  Westminster  Abbey 
and  the  Universities.  The  idea  of  such  an  im- 
probability as  Mr.  Ackermann's  stupidity  in  en- 
dangering the   success  of  those   undertakings  is 


4<kS.  IV.  July  31/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


91 


absurd,  regarding  ouly  the  business  portion  of  his 
character.  To  snow  what  manner  of  man  Mr. 
Ackermaon  really  was,  and  in  some  measure  there- 
by to  obviate  the  ludicrous  tone  in  which  he  has 
been  mentioned  in  Mr.  Jerdan*s  late  communi- 
cation to  The  Leisure  Hour,  will  be  the  object  of 
another  contribution  to  these  pages.  W.  P. 


YOUART: YOOGHOORT. 

I  do  not  remember  that  I  have  met  with  this 
word  in  Mr.  Palgrave*s  most  charming,  nay,  often 
bewitching  Arabia  (which,  by  the  way,  has  ap- 
peared in  a  German  translation  with  a  most 
wretched  reproduction  of  the  tine  genial  portrait 
of  the  author  that  graces  the  two  volumes  so 
splendidly  got  up  and  printed  by  Messrs.  Mac- 
millan),  but  Mr.  Kinglake  in  his  lively,  sarcastic, 
but  by  no  means  less  charming  Uothen,  speaks 
©fit:  — 

**  Ton  ire  going  into  their  countr}'  [at  Gaza,  upon  the 
verge  of  the  Desert],  have  a  direct  personal  interest  in 
knowing  aometbing  aboat  *Arab  hospitality';  but  the 
deace  of  it  is,  that  the  poor  fellows  with  whom  1  have 
happened  to  pitch  my  tent  were  scarcely  ever  in  a  condi- 
tion to  exercise  that  magnanimous  virtue  with  much 

edat They  were  always  courteous,  however, 

and  were  never  backward  in  offering  me  the  *  youart,'  or 
enrds  and  whey,  which  is  the  principal  delicacy  to  be 
found  amongst  the  wandering  tribes." — Vide  Eothen, 
diap.  xvii.  **  The  Desert " ;  Tauchnitz  (copyright)  ed., 
withoat  the  author's  name.  Leipzig,  1846,  p.'l82. 

This  youartf  however,  is  by  no  means  simply 
** curds  and  whey  " ;  it  is  the  "  Devonshire  cream," 
the  ''little  porringer"  of  the  Desert.     It  consists 
of  (in  Arabia  mostly  camel's)  milk  boiled  in  a 
copper  vessel  with  an  admixture  of  the  juice  of 
the  fig-tree,  which  causes  the  milk  to  coagulate 
(to  curdle)  after  a  short  time.     It  is  then  filled 
into  basins  and  allowed  to  get  cold,  when  it  forms 
a  moat  refreshing  and  moreover  a  most  wholesome 
diah.     I  have  tasted  it  in   excellent  quality  in 
some  Turkish  and  foreign  coflec-houses  at  Man- 
chester.   The  Turkish   restaurateur^  a  native  of 
Adiianople,  who  prepared  it  told  me  that  a  small 
quantity  of  the  juice  of  the  fig-tree  was  mixed 
with  a  quantity  of  new  milk,  and  boiled  down  to 
the  consistency  of  stiff  jelly,  or  "sizy  broth,"  as 
JBoswell^s  Great  Llama  has  it.   This  lirst  prepara- 
fioD,  which  will  keep  any  length  of  time,  is,  how- 
ever, not  fit  for  use  so  far  as  eating  it  then  and 
there  is  concerned.     It  is  too  bitter,  nauseous,  and 
even  somewhat  dangerous;  but  small  quantities 
of  it  arc  mixed  again  with  large  quantities  of  new 
milk,  and  thus  help  to  prepare  the  delicious  youart. 
The  re-ftaurateitr,  and  some  friends  from  the  East, 
pronounced  the  word  somehow  like  yooghoortj  giv- 
mg  the  gh  a  most  peculiar  guttural  sound.  All  were 
unanimous  in  its  praise  as  wholesome  and  stomachic, 
being  especially  too  tlie  arcanum  of  persons  who 
bare  oyer-eaten  themselves — a  thing  that  will 


I 


happen  more  frequently  in  the  West,  though,  than 
in  the  East.  It  is  of  a  slightly  acid  taste,  like 
sour  cream,  but  milder  and  more  delicate  yet: 
perhaps  like  some  rich  creamy  pulp  found  in 
Indian  or  South  Sea  Islands— fruit  so  vividly  de- 
scribed by  Dampier.  Homer  mentions  such  a 
reparation  of  milk  with  the  juice  of  the  fig-tree, 
ut  I  cannot  just  now  '*lay  hands"  on  the  very 
place.  Will  some  kind  follower  of  Captain  Cuttle 
courteously  help  me  ?  Hermann  Kindt. 

Germany. 

JO.  DAVORS:  IZAAK  WALTON. 

Might  I  just  point  out  to  Mesbrs.  Britten  and 
Dixon  *  that  the  author  of  the  Secrets  of  Angling 
was  named  neither  Davor  nor  Davors,  but  Dennys, 
as  the  late  Sir  Hegtry  Ellis  tells  us  in  his  reprint 
of  that  very  rare  volume,  so  late  as  1811,  on  the 
authority  of  the  following  extract  from  the  books 
of  the  Stationers'  Company :  — 

•«1612.  23oMartii. 

**  Mr.  Rog.  Jackson  entred  for  his  copie  nnder  th*  ands 
of  Mr.  Madon  and  Mr.  Warden  Hooper,  a  book  called  the 
Secrets  of  Angling,  teaching  the  choysest  tooles,  bates,  and 
seasons  for  the  taking  of  any  fish  in  pond  or  river,  prac- 
tised and  opened  in  three  bookes,  by  John  Dennys,  Esquire, 
vjd." 

The  first  edition,  then,  of  this  very  rare  book, 
and  which  is  unique,  is  dated  1613,  and  is  pre- 
served in  the  Bodleian  Library.  Sir  John  Haw- 
kins, the  well-known  editor  of  Izaak  Walton's 
Compleat  Angler ,  acknowledges  that  he  never  even 
could  get  a  sight  of  this  book.  Beloe,  speaking 
of  the  fourth  edition  of  1662,  says:  "Perhaps 
there  does  not  exist  in  the  circle  of  English  litera- 
ture a  rarer  book  than  this."  He  seems  to  have 
entirely  ignored  the  three  previous  editions; 
though  how  he  could  have  done  so  it  is  impossible 
for  me  to  say,  as  they  all,  with  the  exception  of 
the  first  edition,  have  these  words  conspicuously 
printed  on  their  title-pages:  "augmented  witn 
many  approved  experiments  by  W.  Lauson."  Pick- 
ering, in  his  Bihliotheca  Piscatorial  also  ignores 
the  second  and  third  editions;  and  Mr.  Bohn,  in 
his  recent  reprint  of  Lowndes'  Bibliographer's 
Manualy  is  guilty  of  the  same  shortcoming,  with 
much  less  of  excuse,  as  the  real  facts  bad  in  his 
time  become  patent  to  any  diligent  inquirer. 

Sir  Harris  rficolas,  in  his  edition  of  Walton'a 
Angler y  says  :  — 

**  The  Secrets  of  Angling  was  not  written  by  John 
Davors,  but  by  John  Dennys,  Esquire,  who  was  lord  of 
Oldburv-sur-Monteni,  in  the  countv  of  Gloucester,  be- 
tween  1572  and  1608.  He  was  a  younper  son  of  Sir 
Walter  Dennys  of  Packlechurch,  in  that  county,  by 
Agnes,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Sir  Robert  Davers,  or 
Danvers." 

We  have  almost  certain  internal  evidence  of 

"  ■        ■    -^  ■  T  '  —  -        ■  ■     —  -  ^ 

•  «  PopuUr  Names  of  Plants,"  4»»»  S.  iiL  341,  612. 


92 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4"»  S.  IV.  July  31,  '69. 


this  in  the  poem  itself,   one  verse  running  as 

follows :  — 

*•  And  thoa,  sweet  Boyd,  that  with  thy  watry  sway 
Dost  wash  the  clifies  of  Dan^jton  and  of  VVeek, 

And  throujjh  their  rocks,  with  crooked  windin^j  way, 
Thy  mother  Avon  ninnest  soft  to  seek ; 

In  whose  fair  stream  the  speckled  trout  doth  play, 
The  roch,  the  dace,  the  gudgin,  and  the  bleike  ; 

Teach  me  thy  skill  with  slender  line  and  hook. 

To  take  each  fish  of  river,  pond,  or  brooke.'* 

Now  there  is  a  beautiful  rivulet  called  the 
Boyd,  which  is  formed  by  four  distinct  streams 
rising  in  the  parishes  of  Codrington,  Pucklechurch, 
Dyrhara,  ana  Toghill,  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
county  of  Gloucester,  between  Bath  and  Bristol, 
which  join  in  Wyke  or  Week  Sti*eet  in  the  parish 
of  Alston  and  Wyck,  near  a  bridge  of  three  large 
arches;  and  thence,  by  the  name  of  Boyd,  de- 
scends to  the  Avon  at  Kynsham  Bridge,  and 
which  river  passes  through  the  village  of  Puckle- 
church, and  thence  flows  on  to  Bitton.  At  Alston 
and  Wyke  there  are  many  high  cliffs  or  rocks, 
and  in  the  north  aisle  of  the  ancient  church  of 
Pucklechurch  is  the  burial-place  of  the  family  of 
Bennys. 

At  the  back  of  the  title  of  the  Secrets  is  a 
copy  of  commendatory  verses — "  In  due  praise  of 
his  praiseworthy  skill  and  worke":  these  are  signed 
"Jo.  Danes,"  and  it  is  evidently  from  this  signa- 
ture that  the  mistake  has  arisen.  Walton,  in  the 
first,  second,  third,  and  fourth  editions  of  the 
Compleat  Angler,  attributes  several  verses  of 
Dennys's  poem,  which  ho  quotes  with  variations 
that,  I  am  sorry  to  have  to  confess,  are  by  no 
means  improvements,  to  "Jo.  Da.";  but  in  the 
fifth  edition  he  gives  the  full  name,  "  Jo.  Davors, 
Esquire."  There  can  be  little  doubt,  as  sug- 
gested by  Sir  Harris  Nicolas,  that  the  Jo.  Daues, 
the  writer  of  the  commendatory  verses,  was  a  rela- 
tion of  Dennys's,  whose  mother's  name  was  Davers 
or  Danvers,  Danes  being  then  the  common  mode 
of  spelling  that  name. 

Robert  Howlett,  in  the  preface  to  his  Angler^s 
Sure  Guide,  assigns  the  Secrets  to  no  less  a  per- 
sonage than  Dr.  Donne,  whom  he  styles  "that 
great  practitioner,  master,  and  patron  of  angling  " ; 
and  he  adds,  "  indeed  his  seems  to  be  the  best 
foundation  of  all  superstructures  of  this  kind,  and 
upon  that  basis  chiefly  have  I  raised  mine."  And 
I  may  now  say  that  to  no  less  than  to  six  different 
poets,  rejoicing  in  the  name  of  Davies,  has  the 
Secrets  been  at  various  times  ascribed. 

It  is  from  an  excellent  bibliography  of  the 
Secrets,  published  a  few  years  ago  in  the  Fisher- 
man's  Magazine  by  my  friend  Mr.  Westwood,  the 
author  of  the  New  Bihliotheca  Piscatoria,  that  I 
have  culled  most  of  the  preceding  particulars. 
Mr.  Westwood  states,  in  the  same  paper,  that  — 

"  The  dates  of  the  second  and  third  editions  are  still 
an  open  question.  A  copy  (supposed  to  be  unique)  of 
the  second,  with  the  words  *  Printed  at  London  for  Roger 


Jackson' — the  rest  cut  off,  is  in  my  possession;  and  a 
copy  of  the  third  (also  considered  unique)  is  in  the  same 
mutilated  state,  having  onlv  the  words  'Printed  at 
London  for  John  Jackson.'  'The  binder's  knife  has,  in 
fact,  been  more  than  usually  sacrilegious  in  its  dealings 
with  this  work.  The  date  of  the  second  edition  is  con- 
jectured to  be  about  1620.  It  was  edited  by  VV.  Lauson, 
and  the  title-page  states  that  it  is  *  au^ented  with  many 
approued  experiments.'  Lauson's  additions  to  the  work 
are  an  address  *To  the  reader,'  and  some  notes  and 
receipts.  The  fourth  edition  bears  date  1652;  several 
copies  of  it  are  extant.  The  poem  has  been  reprinted  m 
extenaoy  from  this  latter  edition,  in  Sir  Kgerton  Brydges's 
British  Bibliographer  J  and  a  hundred  copies  were  struck 
oflT  separately  in  1811.  It  was  also  noticed,  with  large 
citations,  in  the  same  bibliophile's  Centura  Literaria^ 
in  an  article  which  was  transported  bodily  by  Daniel 
into  the  supplement  to  his  Rural  Sports  in  1813." 

I  have  the  pleasure  to  state  that  I,  through  the 
kindness  of  that  indefatigable  bibliographer,  Mr. 
John  Power,  who  a  few  days  ago  called  ray  atten- 
tion to  it,  discovered  the  date  of  the  third  edi- 
tion— hidden  away,  like  a  needle  in  a  bottle  of 
hay,  in  the  immense  collections  of  Bagford  de- 
posited in  the  British  ^luseum.  As  the  entry 
gives  the  date  of  1630,  and  fully  corroborates 
Mr.  Westwood  that  the  publisher  of  the  third 
edition  was  a  John  Jackson,  I  need  make  no 
apology  for  giving  it  in  full  here. 

"  The  Secrets  of  Angling,  in  three  books,  by  J.  D^ 
Esquire.  Augmented,  with  many  approued  Experiments, 
by  W.  Lauson.  In  verse.  Printed,  in  8vo,  for  John 
Jackson,  in  the  Strand,  at  the  Signc  of  the  Parote.  1630.'* 

Curious  to  relate,  the  Secrets  of  AngUng  'were 

in  their  own  time  rendered  into  prose.     The  book 

is  entitled  the  — 

"  Pleasures  of  Princes,  or  Good  Men's  liecreations : 
Contayiiing  a  Discourse  of  the  General  Art  of  Fishing 
with  the  Angle  or  otherwise,  and  of  all  the  hidden^ecrct» 
belonging  thereto.    London,  1614." 

Other  editions  were  published  in  1615  and  1635, 
Besides  those  editions,  it  was  immediately  taken 
possession  of  by  Gervase  Markham,  who  incor- 
porated it  into  his  Comitry  Contentments,  or  the 
Husbandman^ s  Hecreatimis,  and  published  it  in  his 
third  edition  of  1615,  and  many  later  ones,  as  — 

"  The  whole  Art  of  Angling ;  as  it  was  written  in  a 
small  Treatise  in  Rime,  and  now,  for  the  better  Under- 
standing of  the  Header,  put  into  Prose,  and  adorned  and 
enlarged." 

Mr.  Westwood's  words,  as  he  is  a  poet  of  no 

mean  standing  himself,  deserve  to  be  fully  quoted 

on  this  transversion.     He  says  that — 

"  The  transmuting  process  was  effected  bv  no  unskilfnl 
hand,  and  without  too  much  sacriHco  of  the  precious 
metal  of  the  original.  Sir  Philip  Sidney's  ordeal  has, 
indeed,  seldom  been  undei^^one  with  so  little  deteriora- 
tion. The  quaint  character  of  the  poem  has  been  pre- 
served in  the  prose  version,  and  the  passages  added 
(especially  the  introduction)  have  a  striking  merit  of 
their  own.  It  is  proof  of  the  vitality  of  Denny's  verses, 
that  they  retain  their  strength,  sweetness,  and  flavour  in 
their  more  sober  form.  Those  curious  in  parallels  may 
compare  *  The  Qualities  of  an  Angler,'  in  the  third  book 


4*  8.  IV.  Jolt  81, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


93 


of  the  poem,  with  chapter  ii.  its  corresponding  passage  of 
the  Pleasures  of  Princes.^* 

A  strange  fatality  seems  to  have  fallen  on  the 
poets  quoted  by  Walton.  For  a  long  time  the 
name  of  Dennys  was  as  great  a  secret  as  any  that 
he  sang  about.  And  even  in  1820,  no  less  a  man 
than  Mr.  Singer  was  satisfied  that  John  Chalk- 
hill  was  *'  a  fictitious  personage,  a  verbal  phantom, 
a  shadow  of  a  shade."  And  the  editor  of  the 
Retrospective  Review j  adding  his  infelicitous  con- 
clufflons  thereto,  supposed  Chalkhill  to  be  merely 
**  a  nomme  de  guerrey  like  Peter  Pindar  or  Barry 
Cornwall."  Though  Walton,  whose  strict  rever- 
ence for  truth  would  have  scorned  a  falsehood, 
says,  in  his  introduction  to  Theabna  and  Clear- 
oAtw,  that — 

**  I  have  this  to  say  of  the  author,  that  he  was  in  his 
time  a  man  generallv  known  and  as  well  beloved:  for 
he  washamble  and  obliging  in  his  behaviour;  a  gentle- 
man* a  aeholar,  very  innocent  and  prudent;  and  his 
whote  life  was  useful,  quiet,  and  virtuous.' 


»» 


Tbaty  I  think,  is  quite  enough  to  demonstrate 
the  existence  of  John  Chalkhill ;  though  there  is 
a  book  extant  with  his  name  written  in  it  by  the 
hand  of  the  master,  and  signed  with  his  initials, 
"Iz.  Wa.";  and  elaborate  pedigrees  and  tomb- 
stones testify  to  the  same  thing.  I  do  not  know 
if  any  one  has  observed  the  commendatory  verses 
written  by  T.  Flatman  in  this  book ;  they  are,  in 
my  opinion,  most  interesting,  as  they  describe  the 
yenerable  Walton  (he  was  then  ninety  years  of 
age)  in  the  happiest  manner,  and  are  a  most 
etegant  compliment  paid  to  his  virtues :  — 

*  MB.   ISAAC  WALTON  ON  THE  PUBLICATION  OF  THIS 

POEM. 

•*  Long  had  the  bright  Thealma  lain  obscure ; 
Her  beauteous  charms,  that  might  the  world  allure, 
Lay,  like  rough  diamonds  in  the  mine,  unknown, 
Bv  all  the  sons  of  folly  trampled  on, 
ifH  your  kind  hand  unveiled  her  lovely  face. 
And  gave  her  vigour  to  exert  her  rays. 
Hap|r|r  old  man !  whose  worth  all  mankind  knows, 
Sxeept  himself;  who  charitably  shows 

The  rutdy  road  to  virtues  and  to  praise. 

The  road  to  many  long  and  happ}*^  days, 

Thm  aoble  art  of  generous  piety, 

Aadhov  to  compass  true  felicity ; 

Hence  ^  he  learn  the  art  of  living  well. 

Tbe  brif^t  Thealma  was  his  oracle : 

Inspired  by  her,  he  knows  no  anxious  cares 

Tbroa^  near  a  century  of  pleasant  years; 

Easy  he  lives,  and  cheerful  shall  he  die, 

Weil  npoken  of  by  late  posterity 

As  long  as  Spencer's  noble  flames  shall  bum. 

And  deep  devotions  throng  about  his  urn ; 

Aa  long  as  Chalkhill's  venerable  name 

With  humble  emulation  shall  inflame 

Ages  to  come,  and  swell  the  rolls  of  fame, 

Tour  memory  shall  ever  be  secure. 

And  long  beyond  our  short-lived  praise  endure ; 

As  Phidias  in  Minerva^s  shield  did  live, 

And  shared  that  immortality  he  alone  could  give. 

"  Tiio.  Flatman." 


I  feel  constrained  here  to  speak  on  a  cognate 
subject,  which  more  properly  belongs  to  the  able 
chronicler  of  the  Compleat  Angler.  But  as  that 
gentleman  is  far  from  his  books,  enjoying  the 
pleasant  country  breezes  on  his  annual  holiday, 
he  has  asked  me  to  do  so.  It  is  of  that  confused 
and  erroneous  mass  of  words,  that  Mr.  Alexander 
Murray  presumes  to  call  the  bibliography  of  the 
Compleat  Angler,  in  his  recent  reprint  of  the  first 
edition.  Mr.  Murray  has  there  given  us  an  edi- 
tion of  1664,  which  is  no  other  than  the  edition 
of  1661.  Though  some  copies  have  the  date  1664, 
they  are  of  exactly  the  same  impression  as  those 
of  1661,  no  other  variation  being  discoverable. 
Then  he  has  given  us  no  less  than  two  editions  of 
1676;  thereby  making  seven  editions  to  be  pub- 
lished in  Walton's  lifetime,  instead  of  five,  the 
real  number.  Then  comes  Moses  Browne's  first 
edition  in  1760,  and  Sir  John  Hawkins's  in  1760 : 
totally  ignoring  the  two  subsequent  editions  of 
Browne  in  1769  and  1772,  and  the  five  following 
editions  of  Hawkins  in  1766, 1776, 1784.  He  died 
in  1789 ;  but  his  son,  John  Sidney  Hawkins,  pub- 
lished a  fifth  edition  m  1792,  and  a  sixth  in  1797. 
Bagster's  first  edition  was  printed  in  1808;  but 
by  that  time  Hawkins  thought  that  he  had  a 
vested  right  in  the  Compleat  Angler,  and  he  wrote 
a  silly  letter  which  was  published  in  the  Gentle^ 
man's  Magazine  of  January,  1809.  But  I  must 
leave  these  stupid  polemics  alone.  Bagster's /ac- 
simile  edition  appeared  in  1810,  and  his  second 
so-called  edition  in  1815 ;  Gosden's  in  1822  ;  and 
Major's  first  in  1823,  and  his  second  in  1824.  It 
is  useless  for  me  to  go  farther ;  all  the  editions 
are  noticed  in  the  Chronicle  of  the  Compleat  Angler , 
and  to  that  book  I  confidently  refer  the  reader. 
I  see  the  sight  of  Lowndes'  name  at  the  bottom 
of  the  list,  quoted  as  an  authority,  and  I  really 
wonder  at  Mr.  Alexander  Murray's  assumption. 
Apologising  for  the  length  of  this  paper,  I  must 
conclude ;  only  saying,  that  when  Izaak  Walton 
is  the  theme,  it  is  difiicult  to  stop. 

William  Pinkbeton. 
Hounslow. 


IDENTITY  OF  INDIAN  AND  EUROPEAN  GAMES. 

Tip-Cat. — This  game  is  much  played  by  the 
native  children  in  India.  It  is  called  **Gulli 
danda."  The  method  of  playing  is  very  similar  to 
that  in  vogue  in  England.  A  small  hole  (gurchi) 
is  made  in  the  ground.  There  are  two  players ; 
the  cat  is  called  guilt,  and  the  stick  danad.  The 
player  places  the  gtdli  over  the  gurchi,  strikes  it 
with  the  dandd,  so  that  it  files  up  in  the  air,  and 
then  he  again  strikes  it  away  as  far  as  he  can 
before  it  falls.  The  opposite  player  fetches  the 
gulli,  and  attempts  to  throw  it  thence  into  the 
gurchi.  If  he  succeeds,  the  striker  is  out ;  if  he 
fails,  one  is  marked  to  the  game. 


»4 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»kS.lV.JuLT81,'6». 


Hop-Scotch. — This  ^ame  is  also  much  played 
by  native  children.  It  is  called  "EkariaDukana." 
The  round  piece  of  tile  (khapoUo)  is  thrown  suc- 
cessively into  the  seven  squares  and  kicked  out  by 
the  player  hopping  on  one  leg.  In  passing  the 
fifth  and  sixth  squares,  however,  the  player  has  to 
Jump  straight  in  and  then  straight  out  again 
from  the  baulk  without  treading  on  the  intervening 

3uares.    The  vernacular  names  are  apparently 
indu. 


Barkd, 


Chhotkd. 


SiMtanawd, 


Kachkolan. 


Tikarid. 


Dukarid, 
Ekarid. 


W.  H.  W. 


Benares,  June  2,  18G9. 


PIECES  FROM  MANUSCRIPTS,  No.  VI. 

Here  is  a  curious  political  carol  on  some  comely 
King  Harry  (perhaps  the  fourth  of  the  name), 
his  son,  a  prince  who  never  was  cast  (perhaps 
Henry  v.),  a  lord  chamberlain  who  was  never 
forsworn,  and  a  Lord  Fueryn  who  never  did  fail. 
In  the  hope  of  getting  the  last  and  other  charac- 
ters identified,  I  send  the  carol  to  "N.  &  Q.*' 
The  MS.  is  of  paper,  and  is  said  by  the  catalogue 
to  be  of  the  fifteenth  century.  At  the  top  of  leaf 
74  is  writted — "  Conditor  alme,  siderum  etema 
lux." 

F.  J.  FURNIVALL. 

Addit.  MS.  19,046,  leaf  7^. 

ttVt  hame  sufi  wy  lekyn  \>i%  loly  gentyl  schep*  ? 

i  Att  to  houre  combely  kyng  hary  Hs  cnat  ys  knyt ; 

^erfore  let  vs  all  synge  nowel, 

nowell. 
tyll  home  suit  wy  lekyn  \>i&  loly  gentyl  mast  ? 
«1  to  my  lorde  prynce  )>at  ncuer  was  caste : 
(terfore  let  vs  afi  synge  nowel, 

now  el. 

Sa.  home  suit  wy  lekyn  \>h  loly  gentyl  nore  f  ? 
1  to  my  lorde  cha[m]berlayne  bat  neu«r  was  forsore ; 
J>erfore  let  vs  aft  synge  nowe4i-, 

Nowel. 
tyll  home  suit  wy  lekyn  \ns  loly  gentyit  sayle  ? 
«t  to  my  lorde  fueryn  jwt  neuer  dyd  fayle : 


Ship. 


t  Oar. 


her  fore  let  vs  att  sing  noweft. 
Noweit,  noweit,  nowelt,  noweif, 

and  cryst  saue  mery  yglon,  and  spedyt  well. — fy*  Amen 
quoth  lonvs. 

?  WylUm. 


Sha^kspeare,  '*  Measure  for  Measure  ":  the 
"  Prenzie  Angelo." — You  are  well  aware  of  the 
many  conjectural  emendations  which  have  been 
proposed  on  the  passage  in  Measure  for  Measure 
m  which  (in  the  old  edition  of  Shakspeare)  occur 
the  words  "  the  prenzie  Angelo,"  "j^r^iew  guards." 
Near  the  close  of  the  second  scene  in  the  first 
act,  the  Duke  says,  *'  Lord  Angelo  is  precise " ; 
and  probably  on  that  ground  it  has  been  proposed 
to  substitute  precise  for  the  immeaning  comoina- 
tion  of  letters,  '*  prenzie."  We  have  in  English 
the  word  priniy  and  in  Scotch  primsiej  both  bear- 
ing the  same  general  meaning  as  precise.  It  is 
easy  to  see  how  readily  the  latter  word  might  by  a 
compositor  be  transformed  into  prenzie — to  which, 
both  in  form  and  in  sound,  it  bears  a  closer  re- 
semblance than  any  one  of  the  various  emenda- 
tions which  have  been  proposed.  I  do  not,  how- 
ever, remember  to  have  met  with  the  word  in 
any  English  author,  though  it  is  possible  it  may 
have  been  formerly  used  south,  as  it  still  com- 
monly enough  is  north,  of  the  Tweed:  for  in 
English  literature  of  the  olden  time  many  words 
occur  which  are  now  considered  exclusively 
Scotch.  Your  varied  reading  and  research  may 
enable  you  to  give  a  positive  judgment  on  the 
subject.  J.  D. 

Closing  of  the  Thames  Tunnel. — The  sub- 
joined  cutting,  from  The  Times  of  July  21,  1869, 
may  be  worth  embodying  in  **  N.  &  Q." :  — 

*'  Last  night  the  Thames  Tunnel  was  finally  closed  as 
a  public  footway.  This  undertaking,  which  at  the  time 
of  its  desip;n  was  considered  a  masterpiece  of  science,  and 
which  formed  a  communication  under  the  river  Thames 
between  Rotherhithe  and  Wapping,  was,  after  nameroas 
difficulties,  finally  accomplished  and  opened  on  March  28, 
1843,  having  been  commenced  by  Sir  I.  S.  Brunei  in 
1824.  The  total  cost  of  the  tunnel  was  about  600,0001., 
but  the  East  London  Railway-  Company  recently  pur- 
chased it  for  a  little  over  a  third  of  that  sum.*' 

A.  G.  S. 

Anecdote  of  Winnington.  —  A  Latin  letter 
in  the  library  at  Stanford  led  to  a  curious  anec* 
dote  of  one  of  my  predecessors  at  this  place.  Mr. 
Winnington,  afterwards  a  Minister  of  State^  and 
Paymaster  of  the  Forces  under  the  Pelham  ad- 
ministration, while  a  boy  at  Westminster,  ran 
away  from  the  college  school  with  two  of  his 
companions. 

The  three  engaged  themselves  as  masons*  boys 
to  some  builders  at  Blenheim,  Oxfordshire,  then 
in  the  course  of  Erection,  1710.    One  of  them  was 

•  ?  fyCnis]. 


4*  8.1V.  Jolt  31,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


95 


discovered  by  a  friend,  who  accidentally  visited 
the  works,  and  thus  led  to  the  detection  of  the 
others. 

The  Latin  letter  was  written  by  young  Win- 
nington  to  his  father,  entreating  pardon  for  his 
folly,  and  a  note  appended  to  it  has 'preserved 
the  anecdote  to  the  present  day. 

ThOS.  E.  WlNXINGTON. 
Stanford  Court,  Worcester. 

Jews  in  Jerusalem. — A  writer  in  the  Church 
Times  (June  25,  1809)  gives  some  interesting 
particulars  respecting  the  present  condition  of  the 
Jews  in  Jerusalem.  They  number  about  eight 
thousand,  and  are  divided  into  — 

1.  The  Sephardini,  or  Spanish  Jews,  who  are 
said  to  be  descendants  of  exiles  from  Spain  who 
arrived  in  the  days  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella. 

2.  The  Askenazim,  or  Jews  of  Polish  and  Ger- 
man origin,  subdivided  into  sects,  such  as  Peru- 
shin  or  Pharisees,  Rhasidini  or  Pious,  who  are 
very  enthusiastic  and  fanatical.  They  are  almost 
all  settlers  from  Europe,  the  old  indigenous  people 
seeming  to  have  become  lost.  They  live  on  the 
alma  of  European  societies,  who  send  out  funds  to 
them. 

Some  Jews  have  come  from  distant  parts  to  die 
in  Jerusalem  and  be  buried  in  the  Valley  of 
Jehoshaphat,  where  Jewish  tradition  says  the  re- 
forrectiou  and  judgment  will  take  place.  The 
writer  says  the  consequence  of  this  is  that  the 
Jewish  inhabitants  of  the  Holy  City  are  "a  de- 
graded set  of  idle  paupers."  Sir  Moses  Montefiore 
was  instrumental  in  building  for  them  schools 
and  houses  and  a  mill  outside  the  city  near 
Birkel-es- Sultan,  or  Lower  Pool  of  Sihon,  but 
the  people  are  so  lazy  that  this  did  little  good. 
He  witnessed  the  wailing  of  the  Jews  at  the 
Temple  wall :  — 

"There  is  a  narrow  pas.'age  along  the  west  side  of  the 
Temple  area  between  what  are  known  as  Robinson's  and 
WiliH>n*8  archei*.    The  wall  rises  to  a  considerable  height, 
and  the  lower  part  is  formed  of  very  large  stones,  which 
are  mipposed  to  be  the  remains  of  the  Temple.    They  are 
nucli  rained,  and  the  grass  and  herbage  grow  in  the 
akattered  crevices  of  the  once  neatly-joined  masonry.     In 
thete  crevices  the  Jews  place  little  scrolls  of  parchment, 
on  which  aro  written  prayers  to  the  Meisiah  to  come  and 
deliTCT  them.     Before  this  wall  I  saw  gathered  a  throng 
of  Jews;  most   of  them  were  women,  who  wore  long 
mourning  veils  of  linen  over  their  heads.     Some  were 
seated  on  the  ground  reading  passages  of  Scripture  to  one 
another  from  the  Lamentations  of  Jeremiah  and  peni- 
tential Psalms.    Atone  end  was  a  party  of  rabbis  rocking 
tbemflelves  backwards  and  forwards  in  almost  frantic 
grief." 

JonN  PiGGOT,  F.S.A. 

Christianity  ix  Canada. — The  following  bit 
of  colonial  church  history  may  be  interesting  to 
some  of  your  readers.  I  extract  it  from  A  IlistO' 
rical  and  Statistical  Report  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  of  Canada  in  comiectiofi  taith  the  Church  of 
Scotland,  Montreal,  18(57,  p.  62.     In  giving  an 


account  of  St.  Gabriel  Street  Church — the  oldest 

Presbyterian  church  in  Canada^  which  was  founded 

in  April,  1792 — it  is  recorded  that  previously  to 

this,  when  the  congregation  was  first  organised 

under  the  Rev.  John  Young,  a  licentiate  of  the 

presbytery  of  Irvine  in  Scotland — 

"  on  the  18th  September  (1791)  the  Sacrament  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  was  for  the  first  time  administered  by  him, 
in  accordance  with  the  usages  of  the  church  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  BecoUet  Roman  Catholic  churchy  the  use  of 
which  had  been  kindly  allowed  the  congregation  while 
their  own  church  was  being  built.  The  Recollet  Fathers 
politely  refused  any  pecuniary  remuneration  from  the 
*  Society  of  Presbyterians  *  as  they  were  then  called,  bat 
were  induced  to  accept  of  a  present  in  acknowledgment 
of  their  good  offices,  and  which  consisted  of  t^o  hogs- 
heads of  Spanish  wine,  containing  sixty  odd  gallons 
each,  and  a  box  of  candles  amounting  in  all  to 
14/.  2s.  4c/." 

The  MS.  history  of  this  church  from  which  the 
above  account  has  been  taken  closes  the  history 
of  this  notable  transaction  with  the  quaint  re- 
mark, **  they  were  quite  thankful  for  the  same.'' 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  similar  interchange  of  ameni- 
ties would  be  expected  in  the  present  day  should 
similar  circumstances  arise.  P.  K  N« 


Air  Cushions. — Sir  Epicure  Mammon  to  Surly, 
in  expectation  of  acquiring  the  secret  of  the  phi- 
losopher's stone,  thus  commences  a  list  of  antici- 
pated luxuries  in  which  he  intends  to  indulge :  — 

*'  I  will  have  all  my  beds  bloum  up,  not  stuffed; 
Down  is  too  hard." 

Were  inflated  beds  or  cushions  then  in  use,  or 
did  rare  Ben*s  imagination  trench  upon  the  pro- 
phetic science  of  the  celebrated  Marquis  of  Wor- 
cester ?  or  had  the  noble  peer  ever  conversed  with 
the  great  dramatist  on  his  inventions  P 

J.  A.  G. 

Carisbrooke. 

Cansick. — Can  any  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
favour  me  with  the  history  of  the  name  of  Can- 
sick,  and  from  what  country  does  it  come?  I 
have  received  a  prospectus  of  a  book  to  be  pub- 
lished, called  "The  Epitaphs  of  St.  Pancras,  in 
Middlesex.  Copied  from  the  stones  by  F.  T. 
Cansick."  I  remember  seeing  the  name  of  G- 
Cansick  mentioned  in  an  account  of  a  meeting 
some  months  ago  for  the  restoration  of  Bangor 
Cathedral,  reported  in  the  Archceologia  Camhrensis, 
also  an  old  parchment  certificate  admitting  a 
Nathan  Cansick,  of  Percy  Street,  St.  Pancras,  co. 
Middlesex,  as  a  solicitor  in  the  High  Court  of 
Chancery,  dated  Feb.  14, 1801.  Is  it  an  English, 
Welsh,  or  German  name  ?  R.  Browij. 

Kensington. 

Crowned  Heads  marrying  Sisters.  —  Can 
any  of  your  readers  learned  in  such  matters  refer 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4'^s.iT.  JoLiii.'eit 


me  to  the  cases,  if  an;,  of  sovereig^is,  or  diBtiii- 
gnished  members  of  any  of  the  royal  families  of 
Europe,  manying  Bisters  F  C.  H.  M. 

DiFPERBMCBS  nf  Akm8.  —  Can  any  readers 
skilled  ia  this  difficult  branch  of  heraliy  inform 
me  what  memhera  of  the  Devereui  family  hor(> 
three  martiets  in  chief  iostead  of  the  ordiDar;- 
three  tarUauxf  The  former  coat  used  to  be  in 
the  window  of  Castle  Frorae  church,  Hereford- 
shire, with  an  ancient  and  mutilnted  inscriptiori 
below  it  in  which  the  words  "  Willi.  Deveros '" 
could  be  traced  two  hundred  years  ago. 

C.  J.  R. 
Exp£iii*TioN8  wuTFED. — Will  you  Idndlj help 
me  to  ascertain  the  exact  meaning  of  the  italicised 
words  in  the  following  sentences,  taken  from  a 
French  MS.  of  the  fourtaenth  century?  For 
Beveral  of  them  I  have  searched  more  toan  one 
glossary  in  Tun ; — 

"Grant  of  100  tnarka  to  DfanandCbipter  of  Leicester, 
poor  mettre  si  sccomplisaemenL  del  ovre  dd  dlte  esgliM 
(of  3t.  Mnry)."     [Oomr*?] 

"  Tn  sella  a  la  manrre  despaigne,  de  guoy  les  arunni 
scmt  coovertes  dargent  et  t[ent  2  anviiSa  et  3  cordes 
dargent."  nioir  did  a  Spanish  saddle  differ  rrom  an 
EnglislioneF] 

"  Donez  a  tq  estrange  bargeman  qni  ddub  amoiuaimt 
de  Lambeth." 

"  Deui  da/ma  de  greee  aprendre  deinz  noa  ditz  parka." 

"  PainteiB  of  the  autthetcrt  et  imagea  ot  a  tomb." 

«  Vn  de  les  Antei  de  la  nouvclle  aal«." 

"  Denx  baldekyna  acrailz  doDtreiDer."  [With  a  pat- 
tern of  croaaea  ?  ] 

"TindeAjmn."    ritB°aee?  Rhine!] 

"Pour  12  botoni  dor  .  .  .  pour  la  pois  et  le  (u*  ot  te 
faceon.  55t  I5«.  7d." 

"  PaternosterB  da  conll  ove  lea  gaudti  dor." 

"  Denx  hanaps  dor  ove  couTerclea  oelei  et  fumhei  de 
divanes  corones,  ^les,  et  Woni." 

"  Yn  banap  dore  ore  uKiirt," 

"Ditto  ...  et  en  pomel  del  couvercle  vn  aigne 
OTO  vn  teat  de  dame  deini  le  Rongidire," 

"  Vn  payr  de  botellea  dargont,  et  p'  partiaa  lorrci  (also 
apelt  ion/2,  lurorii,  and  luxirru)  et  aoeymelez,  gamiaez 
ore  tia^ucs  de  soi  blanc  et  blol." 

"Tn  triper  dargent,  et  aorrez, fae al guise  dan  monstre, 

traga  verti  et  vn  eawer  dargent  et  soriez  etp'  parties 
anaymellez  de  diverse*  babuntic." 

"  Vne  leiifc  dor  a  M,  da  diamands,  balays,  aafirs,  eme- 
ronde«,  et  perles." 

"  Vn  boloner  dor,  de  31.  en  cynk  piecca  de  balaj-s,  sap- 


,  loffus,  CenL  xii.  Appendix,  p.  107  (Baste,  15S7-8), 
;  mentions  Edmund  Qest  [afterwards  Bishop  of 
I  Rochester  and  Salisbury]   as   having   written — 
I  (1)  "Contra  Missam  Papisticam,  lib.  i. ;   (2)  De 
!  Chriati  Prtesentia  in  CcenB,  lib.  i. ;  (3)  De  LiWo 
Hominis    Arbitrio,   lib.  i,"      The   first   of  these 
works  is   evidently   Gest's    Treatite    agamtt  the 
Prim/  Mass,  published  in  1648,  and  reprinted  in 
Dugdale's  Life  of  Cede  (Pickering,  1840),  pp,  71- 
140,  but  I  cannot  discover  whether  the  other  two 
]  works  were  ever  published,  or  whether  they  are 
I  now   extant   anywhere   in    manuscript.      If   the 
treatise  on  Christ's  Presence  in  the  Supper  is  extant 
.  it  would  probably  throw  considershle  light  upon 
,  Bishop  Geete's  wall -known  letter  of  December  22, 
I  166G,  about  the  28th  Article. 
'       Is  the  sermon   which  Bishop  Qeste  preached 
'  before  the  Queen  on  Good  Friday,  1565,  and  of 
I  which  Mr.  Froude  (viii.  140)  givea  on  account 
j  derived  from  a  dispatch  of  the  Spanish  ambassa- 
dor De  Silva,  extant  in  print  or  manuscriptf 

aR.D. 

j      Lincola'a  Inn. 

I  KiTNio  Tyrol  von  ScHorrEir  msn  Feidbbsaitt 
I  SIS  Strw.  —  Who  were  these  royal  personagea,  of 
I  whom  Schiller  says,  in  his  TAeiaurus,  no  menUon 
I  is  made  by  Boethiua,  Buchanan,  or  Jonstonf 

J.  Macrai. 
Milton's  "Paradisb  Lost,"  ed.  folio,  1688. 
On  looking  over  my  copy  of  this  edirion — the  first 
illustrotea  one,  and  with  a  long  list  of  subscribers 
at  the  end— I  perceive  that  there  is  no  plate  to 
Book  VIII.  There  ia  no  appearance  of  this  having^ 
been  abatracted ;  but  as  there  ia  a  "  sculpture  "  tp 
all  the  others,  I  am  induced  to  ask  if  there  should 
be  one  to  this  particular  book  ?  Are  there  anj 
large  paper  ?  William  Baiks. 


,  »=/ ?word  not 
ea.      [Among  cbi 


very  plain]   dargent  pour  le; 


"  7  plates  debrusci  sans  n 
"  [Forwhat purpose?]  " 


Bishop  Gbste,  or  Gkeabt.  —  Bishop  Bale,  in 
his  Scriptarum  lUustriimi  Mnjorii  Britannia  Cota- 


Birminghan 

North,  BRiBffE,  aks  Flegq  Familibs.  — 
Wanted  to  ascertain  who  the  first  Norths  wen 
who  settled  at  Westmeath,  Ireland,  1641 ;  whether 
they  durived  from  Earl  of  Guildford's  family. 
Also,  the  ancestry  of  Mr.  Bridge,  dissenting  mini- 
ster at  Norwich,  1634,  who  is  sud  to  have  come 
from  Urtuntree  or  Earls-Coloe,  Essex.  Also, 
some  account  of  the  family  of  Thomas  Flegg,  who, 
at  the  samp  period,  lived  at  Scratby,  Norfolk, 
Anv  particulnrs  of  the  above  will  very  much 
oblige  H.  A.  Bridge,  at  Mr.  Lewis's,  bookseller, 
Gower  Street,  Euston  Square,  N. 

The  Earliest  Specimen  of  Paper. — Tfie 
j  earliest  specimen  of  paper  existing  in  Enirland  is 

supposed  to  be  an  account-book  dated  1302,  the 
I  paper  of  which  was  probably  manufactuTed  at 

Bordeaux.    Where  is  this  book  P 
I  John  Piboot,  F.S.A. 

I      Old  Map  of  Ireland. — I  have  got  possession 
'  of  a  curious  old  map  of  Ireland,  or  rather  of  a 


4aS.1V.  JDLi3l,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


ficsimile  of  one,  coaceraing  wbicli  I  desire  in- 
fonnadon.  It  is  entitled  "  Ilibernia  insula  non 
prucul  ab  Anglift  vulgare  Hirlandin  vocata.  15G7," 
and  is  mnrked  below  tbe  lower  margin,  "  Litho. 
12,  Fludyer  St.  West'.  1834."  The  weat  is  at 
the  top  of  tbe  map,  aod  the  nortb  on  the  right 
hand.  It  ^vea  the  Dumee  of  old  Irish  families, 
but  b  quite  different  from  the  mnp  in  Mr.  Steuart 
Trench's  Realities  of  Irish  Life,  to  which  jou  have 
referred  ("  N.  &  Q."  4"'  S.  iii.  148, 337),  It  caUs 
the  Atlantic  to  tbe  soutb  of  Ireland  "  The  Spanish 
Sea,"  and  places  Dublin  in  lat  55°  N.  and  long. 
W  K  C.  M'C. 

Dublin. 

pAfiiPHEiSE  PEOM  IIoB*CE,— Can  anr  of  your 
readers  supply  the  name  of  the  writer  of  the 
following  free  paraphioae  of  — 

Phf  llidls  Qavin  dccoreat  parentc;, 
Helium  cetle  Kfnus.  ft  Penates 

M<eret  iniquos; 
Crcde  non  illam  libi  de  scelesti 
Plebe  dil«clAin  ;  ni 


Sielu 


r,,  potmssc  Tia«i 
Horace;  Cami,  lib.  ii.  ode  iv 


■ThyPolh-iDhei 

■  veins  may  bear 

smote  tbe  king's  tevi'leri 

But  kills  an  an» 

Inki 

iDokine'iloiVTiWntTjIer." 

R.  G.  L. 

Sib  Philip  le  ^'ache. — I  should  be  glad  to 
hare  some  particulars  of  this  knight,  who  in  the 
first  year  of  Henry  IV.  bad  a  grant  from  the 
kiiiffof  tbe  caatle  and  manor  of  Kwyoa  Harold, 
coHereford.  I  am  aware  tliat  be  married  Elea- 
Dor,  dauKhter  of  Sir  Lewis  de  Clifford,  and  is 
mentioned  in  his  will.  Nicolas  (Test.  Vetiisia, 
17!)  gives  aa  abstract  of  tbe  will  of  a  Sir  Philip 
la  Vaehe  who  died  in  1407,  and  bad  a  wife  named 
Efiiabetb.  In  a  note  it  is  suggested  tbat  be  was 
elected  a  knight  of  the  garter  temp.  liichard  II. 
I  bate  not  Beltz  at  band  for  reference. 

C.J.K. 

Sitmx  PniiR  Crosses.  —  Can  nny  of  your 
readers  inform  me  whether  any  of  the  stone  pillar 
eroaxa  erected  by  tbe  old  Portuguese  navigators 
on  the  headlands  of  tbe  south-west  coast  of  Africa, 
as  at  Cape  Cross,  Pillar  Point,  Point  Padrone, 
Orange  Biver  mouib,  &c.,  as  they  crept  along  tbat 
coast  in  their  progress  to  t!ie  soutb,  are  yet  stand- 
ing? Also  one  that  Bnrtholoinew  Diaz  is  said  to 
have  erected  on  the  Saint  Croix  Island  in  Algoa 
Bay— hence  its  name  ?  W.  F. 


Passage  im  Fitzstepheit :  "The  Citizem's 
PocKBi  Chronicle." — This  useful  work,  which 
is  a  digest  of  all  that  is  interesting  aa  regards  the 
history  and  temporal  government  of  the  City  of 
London  (Tait,  63,  Fleet  Street,  1827),  has  this 
passage,  closing  Fitzstephen's  recollections  of 
London,  incorporated  in  this  publication :  — 
I  "  London  also,  in  these  latter  times,  balh  braught  forth 
;  famous  anil  oiaKoiliceat  princes:  Maud  tbe  Empress, 
I  King  Hichard  the  3'^,  and  ihomas  the  Arebbiahop,  a 
I  glftrioua  marlvr  of  Chriat,"  &c. 

The  very  palpable  anachronism  of  Hcbard  III., 
most  likely  a  compoailor's  error,  would  not  have 
been  noticed  by  me ;  but  as  an  introduction  to  a 
later  error  in  Mr,  Thoma's  edition  of  Slow  at  tbe 
same  passage  of  the  learned  monk,  appended  to 
I  Mr.  Tboms's  valuable  reproduction  of  Stow's  Sar- 
I  vey.  Here,  in  the  original,  which  accompanies 
Mr,  Thoma's  translation,  we  have  "  Henricum 
I  regem  terlium.''  The  learned  editor  can,  doubt- 
less, explain  sadafactorily  wherein  this  error  lies: 
I  Rtzstepheo  died  llfll,  in  the  rei^  of  Richard  1., 
!  as  Mr.  Thorns  saja,  after  Stow,  in  the  "Author 
to  the  Reader,"  I  should  have  thought  the 
great  king,  to  whom  Thomas  was  so  obnoxious, 
j  Henry  II.  was  meant — but  tbat  be  was,  I  believe, 
;'  bora  in  Normandy ;  and  the  words  of  Fitzstspben, 

"has  produced,"  seems  to  imply,  given  birth  to. 
I  J.  A.  G. 

I       Carisbrooke. 

[Thougli  tbe  editor  of  Stow  has  passed  over  this  ap- 
parent discrepancy  without  any  comment,  it  bas  not 
escaped  ttae  more  critical  eye  of  Mr.  BIley,  who,  in  bis 
admirable  edition  of  tbe  Blummeiita  GUdhatla:  LotdiM- 
niiif,  £160-  AUmi,  Liber  Ciulmaanun,  tl  Liba-  Horn 
(vol  i.  pi.  i.  p.  15),  bas  added  to  the  passsge  "  Hencicnni 
regem  lertium,"  this  note:  — "In  allusion  probably  to 
the  fact  that  Prince  ITtnT,  elde."t  son  of  Henry  II.,  was 
crowned  ia  his  father's  lifetime."] 

Teb  PcRiTiS's  Cat. — Perhaps  yoi 
able  to  Bay  whether  the  following  satirical  li 
have  ever  appeared  in  print,  or  some  of  your 
readers  may  be  able  to  give  an  amended  version. 
They  used  to  be  sung  to  children  by  an  old  Scotch 
lady  about  fifty  years  ago :  — 


;re. 


And  in  the  houee  sti 
<■  Tbe  m 


up  tbe  CI 


That  such  a  deed  w. 
Laid  down  bii  book,  ii 

And  put  her  in  a  gi 
"  -Tboo  althy  luTsed  creature 

And  blond  shedder,'  cried  be, 
'  Do  VDU  think  to  bring  to  death  and  hell 

Mv  holy  wife  and  mc  t 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[*■»  a.  IV.  JuLT  81,  '6B. 


" '  Bat  be  thou  well  assured 

That  blood  for  blood  shall  be. 
For  killing  of  a  silly  mouBo 
Upon  tbe  Ssbtnth  day.' 
"  To  the  place  of  execution 

Poor  Bawdrons  ihe  was  drawn, 
And  hanj^t  hie  upon  ■  tree : 
The  minister  sang  a  paatm," 

J.  HkCPBSRSOS. 
[Another  version  of  these  lines,  differing  however  verj 
slightly  from  that  Riven  by  our  correspondent,  will  bt 
found  at  p.  156  of  Mr.  Maidmenfs  recently  publishe<l 
Boot  "/  Scotlidi  Fasquili.  Tlie  learned  editor,  in  bit' 
iiote^  upon  it,  refers  to  another  ver:<ion  of  Ihe  ballad  in 
Hogg's  Jatabitt  Relici  (i.  37),  as  well  as  to  the  notes  to 
be  foand  on  the  well-known  passage  in  Barnabee'? 
Journal,  in  wbicli  he  describes  Ihe  Banbury  "  Puritsnc 

"  Hanging  of  bis  cat  on  Monday, 
For  killing  of  a  monse  on  Sunday."] 

The  Rights  of  Pfblic  Libraries. — Wbat  is 
the  law  relating  to  the  claims  of  certain  libraries 
to  poBse&a  a  copy  of  every  book  that  is  published  P 
I  am  at  this  moment  enoiaged  in  writing  a  Hia~ 
tory  of  the  Cattiei>  of  Sere/ordahire  and  their  Lordt 
(a  work  chiefly,  though  not  excluMvely,  of  local 
interest),  which  it  ia  my  intention  to  publish  by 
subscription.  Is  it  necessary,  under  such  civcum- 
stances,  that  a  copy  should  be  sent  to  the  chief 
public  libraries,  or  are  works  published  by  sub- 
Bcription  exempt  from  the  demand  ? 

C.  J.  RoBissoN,  M..A.. 

Norton  Canon  Vicarage,  Hereford. 

[Books  published  by  subscription  are  not  thereby 
exempt  from  the  operation  of  the  Act  5  &  C  Vicl.  cap.  45,  | 
which  requires  the  deliiery  of  five  copies  of  all  books  to  I 
the  libraries  therein  named.  Our  correspondent  will  And 
much  Information  upon  this  subject  in  "  S.  i  Q.,"  2°s  8.  I 
V,  71,237.] 

IIBRRING3.— What  is  the  earliest  mention  of  , 
salted  or  red  hemngs  as  a  common  article  of  food  ? 
R.  H. 
[Herrings  appear  to  have  been  salted  fhim  a  very  early 
period,  especially  by  tho  Flemish  flshennen,  whose  pro- 
duction! were  in  such  favour  at  Rome  and  in  other 
foreign  markets,  that  the  beat  herrings  were  always 
called  Flemiih  herring^  According  to  Macpherson's 
Amal,  of  Chmmera  (i.  66S),  William  Berkelsioon  of 
Biervliet,  in  Flanders,  who  died  in  1.^97,  introduced  an 
improved  method  of  curing  them,  which  did  so  much  to 
increase  their  reputation,  and  to  entend  the  trade  in 
them,  that  Charles  V,  erected  a  statue  to  his  memory, 
and,  with  hi»  sister,  visited  his  tomb  and  offered  up 
prayera  for  his  soul:  while  Mary  of  Hungary,  during 
her  visit  to  the  Low  Countries,  paid  a  more  characteristic 
tribute  to  his  memory,  namely,  that  of  eating  a  salt 
herring  on  bii  tomb.] 


CARNAC:    A  NT.W  KEY  TO  BE   TRIED   TO   A 

VERY  RUSTY  LOCK. 

(4"  S.  iv.  X.) 

I  am  afraid  that  there  are  many  warda  in  tbe 

old  rusty  lock  which  Canox  Jackson's  new  key 

will  not  fit. 

I  quite  agree  with  him  that  these  megslithic 
structures  are  not  sepulchres ;  but  I  totally  demur 
to  his  subsequent  statement  that  they  are  "ttpul- 
ckral  moaiimeati  set  up  in  memory  of  great  tragic 
events  in  old  British  history."  The  great  difficulqr 
connected  with  Stoneheng^  is,  that  there  never 
has  been  found  the  smallest  trace  of  an  interment 
within  tlie  circle,  although  they  are  numberleaa 
on  tbe  surrounding  down.  But  we  must  not 
overlook  the  fnct  that  megalithic  ciTcles  of  the 
same  character,  although  of  less  inipo?ing  di- 
mensions, are  to  be  found  from  the  Orkneys  to 
the  Land's  End,  and  that  within  most,  if  not  all 
of  those  which  have  been  examined,  evidence  of 
its  within  the  circle  have  been  found; 
instances  of  which  I  will  immediately  give,  and 
I  none  of  those  appear  to  be  connected,  as  far  as  we 

know,  with  any  great  tragic  event, 
I  Before,  however,  going  further,  I  may  perhaps 
'  state  at  once  the  result  of  my  own  conclusions  as 
I  to  tbe  character  of  Stonehenee.  These  are,  ds- 
I  ddedly,  the  old  one  that  tbe  circles  were  a  temple 
I  or  religious  place  of  aseernblg ;  that  it  was  eon- 
I  jidered  so  sacred  that  no  one  was  buried  within 
I  its  enclosure,  although  there  are  countless  gravea 
surrounding  it.  That  in  other  meg-alithic  circles 
I  of  less  importance  and  sanctity  the  graves  came 
I  to  be  made  within  the  enclosure]  an  aoel<^^  to 
which  may  be  found  in  the  fact  that  in  the  earlier 
'  iiges,  among-  the  northern  nation,-',  the  most  vene- 
rated prelates  of  the  Christian  faith  were  buried 
lit  the  door  of  the  church  ;  and  it  is  only  at  a 
later  date  thnt  we  meet  with  their  tombs  witiin 
[he  sacred  ediBce  itself.  This  is  the  only  mode 
in  which  lean  account  for  the  numerous  examples 
I  know  of  where  interments  have  been  found  in 
lesser  and  less  imposing  circles,  a  few  instances 
(if  which  I  should  now  have  gi'^n,  but  on  turning 
lo  the  volumes  of  tbe  Froceedinys  of  ihe  Sociehf 
if  Antiijuarieg  of  Scotland,  in  which  their  investl- 
)^lion  IS  recorded,  I  find  that  tbe  account  is  too 
long  to  he  trenacribed,  and  must  therefore  con- 
line  myself  to  referring  to  tlio  pages  where  aa 
account  of  them  is  to  be  found,  viz.  vol.  iv. 
p.  443,  vol.  iv.  p.  490,  and  vol.  v.  p.  1.30 ;  but  I 
may  add  that  in  every  case  where  no  previous 
disturbance  bad  occurred,  and  oven  in  some  of 
these,  distinct  trncesof  interment  were  discovered. 
To  these  Scotch  examples  I  may  add  that  of  three 
huge  stones  still  standing  on  the  right  side  of  tbe 
road  between  the  Bentock  station  of  the  Cale- 
donian Railway  and  the  town  of  MoBat,  which 


4*  8.  IV.  July  31,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


99 


evidently  fonned  a  portion  of  a  circle.     At  the 

feet  of  these  stones  a  numher  of  human  hones 

were  found  in  the  latter  half  of  last  century,  and 

an  account  of  the  discovery  was  forwarded  to  the 

Royal  Society  of  Edinhurgh  hjr  Mr.  Walker,  then 

mkiister  of  the  parish.     There  is  a  most  astounding 

legend  attached  to  these  stones  hy  the  people  of 

the  district,  to  which  I  shall  hereafter  advert  in 

treating  of  the  second  hranch  of  the  inquiry,  viz. : 

What  trust  can  we  place  on  the  historical  notices 

of  these  erections  hy  such  chroniclers  as  Geoffrey 

of  Monmouth,  who  wrote  long  after  the  events  to 

wliich  they  refer? 

I  quite  agree  with  Caxon  Jackson,  that, "  what- 
ever tricks   Geofirey  may  have  played  with  his 
detaiU,  it  is  monstrous  to  suppose  that  he  invented 
the  ^eat  facts  of  history  " ;  out  this  only  removes 
the  matter  a  step  further  hack.      The  question 
still  remains^  how  are  we  to  distinguish  between 
detaiU  and  great  facta  ?  Admitting  the  existence 
of  the  latter,  how  can  we  distinguish  them  from 
the  former?  and,  what  is  more  important,  how 
can  we  be  sure  that  facts  which  actually  occurred 
are  not  transferred  to  a  different  time  and  place  ? 
I  may  give  two  instances  of  this  sort  of  meta- 
morphosis connected  with  the  South  of  Scotland : 
Blind  Harry,  in  his  Metrical  Life  of  Walhccy 
g^vea  a  long  account  of  a  victory  gained  at  Big- 
gar  by  the  patriot  hero  over  an  army  commanded 
by  Edwardl.  in  person.    Now  it  is  proved  hy  the 
&sgBshroUs  that  King  Edward  could  not  have 
been  in  Scotland  at  the  time  ;  and  when  we  come 
to  examine  the  details  of  the  conflict,  we  find  that 
thej  are  simply  reproductions  of  the  events  of  the 
hatde  at  Koslin,  and  even  then  it  is  a  mistake 
to  suppose  that  Edward  was  personally  present, 
although  he  at  one  time  intended  to  have  been  so. 
My  second  instance  is  more  directly  connected 
with  megalithic  monuments,  and  is   this:   That 
the  country   people   round   Moffat,  even  at  the 
present  day,   assert  that  the  stones  to  which  I 
nave   referred    mark   the   burial-place   of   three 
English  knights  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  Annan, 
many  long  miles  away  from  the  place  in  question. 
I  may  add,  to  show  on  what  foundations  theories 
are  occasionally  based,  that  a  local  author  coolly 
started  the  idea  that  the  battle  in  question  was 
fought  not  at  Annan,  but  at  Moffat,  all  the  chro- 
nicles of  the  period,  and   many  of  them  nearly 
contemporaneous,  notwithstanding. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  mention  a  theory  I  have 
formed  as  to  the  nature  of  the  avenues  of  stones, 
which,  however,  I  state  with  great  diffidence,  as 
I  have  not  personally  inspected  the  most  important 
examples,  and  I  must  admit  that  it  is  very  con- 
jectural. The  idea  first  struck  me  when  visiting 
the  Calvary  in  the  church  of  St.  Paul  at  Ant- 
werp, to  which  the  worshippers  ascend  by  a  series 
of  steps,  on  each  of  which  they  say  a  prayer. 
This  at  once  recalled  to  my  memory  the  fact  that 


at  many  of  the  more  celebrated  places  of  Irish 
pilgrimage  there  are  what  are  called  stations,  and 
even  the  Mussulmans  who  visit  Mecca  pass  round 
the  Caaba  and  say  prayers  at  certain  pomts,  and  it 
occurred  to  my  mind  that  the  avenues  of  stones 
leading  to  the  most  venerated  sites  of  British 
pilgrimage  have  something  of  the  same  origin^ 
and  that  the  visitors  dropped  a  bead  and  said  a 
prayer  as  they  passed  each  successive  stone  in  the 
avenue ;  but,  as  I  said  before,  I  admit  that  thia 
is  merely  a  most  vague  conjecture. 

George  Verb  Irving. 


Certainly  W.  W.  W.'s  reply  to  Canon  Jack- 
son is  full  of  clever  and  ingenious  arguments 
against  the  monumeiit  theory  as  to  these  wonder- 
ful remains;   at  the  same   time  I  cannot  think 
that  theory  entirely  upset  by  them.     The  imme- 
diate object,  however,  of  the  present  communica- 
tion is  to  submit,  for  the  Reverend  Canoji's  con- 
sideration, whether  some  light  may  not  be  thrown 
on  the  subject  by  means  of  etymology.     It  is,  I 
believe,    considered  that  Breton  snd  Cymri  are 
cognate  languages.     Now   the   meaning   of  the 
Welsh  camedd  (pronounced    carne^A)    is  cairn, 
tumulus,  or  tomb.     A  familiar  instance  of  the  use 
of  the  word    in  this  sense   is  the  name   of  the 
Carnarvonshire  mountain  "  Camdd  Llewellyn,*' 
meaning  the  tomb  of  Llewellyn.     There  can  be 
no  doubt  that  '*  cairns  "  or  heaps  of  stones  were 
a  very  primitive  style  of  monument^  commemo- 
rating the  deaths  of  heroes  or  the  event  of  a  great 
battle.     Dunmail  Raise  is  an  example,  the  tradi- 
tion being  that  the  immense  cairn  of  stones  heaped 
there  (on  the  road  between  Grasmere  and  Kes- 
wick) commemorated  a  bloody  battle,  in  which 
a  King  Dunmail  was  slain.     Bhes  (pronounced 
['  raise  '0  is  the  Welsh  for  '^  battle."     Consider- 
ing these  matters,  and  observing  the  great  simi- 
larity between  the  words  Camac  and  Carneihy  I 
cannot  but  think  that  some  ground  of  support  is 
afforded  to  the  monumental  theory. 

With  respect  to  the  astronomical  view  of  the 
case,  it  must  be  admitted  that  a  great  deal  has 
been  adduced  in  its  favour.  Having  lately  ex- 
amined the  so-called  Druidical  remains  on  a  hill 
near  Keswick,  which  are  well  worthy  of  attention^ 
the  principal  entrances  at  each  end  of  the  oval 
appeared  to  me  nearly  due  north  and  south,  and  I 
think  similar  remains  show  attention  to  the  points 
of  the  compass.  It  was  related  to  me  by  a  man 
of  science  some  thirty  or  forty  years  ago,  that  he 
had  met  with  an  astronomer  who  told  him  that, 
by  abstruse  calculations  backwards,  he  had  ascer- 
tained that,  about  2000  years  ago,  an  occultation 
of  one  of  the  planets  must  have  taken  place  at 
such  a  point  in  the  heavens  as  would  have  enabled 
an  observer  to  view  it  through  the  celebrated 
cross-stones  of  Stonehenge :  and  his  theory  was 
that  those  cross  stones  were  purposely  so  placed 


100 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[4«»  S.  ly.  July  81,  '69. 


to  fix  the  point  of  observation  permanently^  so 
that  astronomers  in  after  ages  might  be  able  to 
compare  notes  in  their  observations.  The  story 
sounds  apocryphal,  but  I  can  vouch  for  the  emi- 
nence and  truthfulness  of  my  informant,  and 
should  be  glad  to  know  if  any  of  your  other  cor- 
respondents are  acquainted  with  the  source  of  it. 
At  all  eveuts  it  appears  to  me  of  more  weight 
than  the  strange  circumstance  brought  forward 
by  W.  W.  W.,  that  over  one  of  the  stones  at 
Stonehenge  an  observer  may  see  the  sun  rise !  As 
if  there  were  any  stone  on  the  surface  of  the  globe 
over  which  an  observer  could  not  see  the  sun  rise 
if  he  placed  himself  on  the  opposite  side  ! 

M.  H.  R. 

PENMEN. 

(4»»»  S.  iiL  468.) 

The  record  given  below  is  submitted  as  a 
contribution  towards  a  list  of  penmen  and  their 
works : — 

Vkldk  (Jan  Van  Dkn),  Writing-Master  at  Harlem : — 
*Spieglicl  der  Schrijrkonste,  &c.     Amsterdam,  1605. 

Obi.  fol.    Title  and  49  plates,  all  engraved. 
Du^'tsche  Exemplaren  van  ablerbande  Gheschriften, 
etc.     llaerlam,  1620.    Fol.     12  pages,  all  engraved. 
Het  derde  deel  der  Duytscher,  etc.     Harlem ,  1620. 

Fol.    12  engraved  full  length  pages. 
Thresor  literairecontenant  plusieurs  diverses  escritures, 

etc.  1621.    Fol.     12  engraved  pages. 
[The  last  three  works  engraved  by  Gerard  Gauw.] 
Matbrot  (Lucas)  :— 
Les  oeuvres  de.     Avignon,  1608.    Obi.  4®.    Portrait 
•and  49  plates,  all  engraved. 
CocKRR    (Edward),    an  ofl-quoted    authority    as   to 
figures :  great  also  at  writing  and  engraving.    Born 
temp,  Ch.  I.;  died  during  reign  of  Ch.  11.    The  peculi- 
arities of  bid  "  Knots  and  Flourishes,"  and  some  of  his 
writing  too,  evidently  derived  from  Materot : — 
•Introduction  to  Writing.    Obi.  8o.    14  engraved  plates 
and  6  pages  of  instruction,  in  type.     Printed  and 
Sold  by  John  Garrett,  at  his  shop  next  the  Stairs  of 
the  Royal  Exchange  inOornhil.    [^icj. 
Magnum  in  Parte,  or  the  Pen's  Perfection.    26  several 

Copy  3.     [  Sic."] 
Multum  in  Parvo ;  or,  The  Pen's  Gallantrj'.    Obi.  8o. 
27  engraved  plates  and  8  printed  pages  of  instruc- 
tions. 
England's  Pen-Man ;  or.  Cocker's  New  Copy  Book. 
The  Pen's  Triumph.     1658.    8«. 
*The  Pen's  Transcendency :  or,  Fair  Writing's  Store- 
house.   1660  ?    Sm.  obi.  fol. 

Some  of  Cocker's  '*  Copys  "  arc  quaint,  thus : — 

"Brainedrowzie  qualmes  expell,  be  valiant,  play  the 
man; 
Hee  oft-times  gaines  the  Field  who  bravely  thinkes  hee 
can. 

**  I^t  tliy  inquisitive  minde  great  Excellenc}-  fmde, 
To  prize  it  be  inclin'd,  of  whatsoever  kinde." 

The  three  masters  —portions  of  whose  "  Works'* 
are  just  set  forth — together  with  some  eighty 
others,  are  referred  to  in  the  second  part  of  Mas- 
sey*8  Origin  and  Progress  of  Letters  (quoted  at 


p.  663  of  "N.  &  Q."  4»»»  S.  in.)  Since  the  publica- 
tion of  that  book  in  1763^  there  have  been  other 
"Penmen,"  viz. : — 

ToMKiNS  (Thomas),  \V.  M.  in  Foster  Lane,  Cheapside:— 

The  Beauties  of  Writing.  1777.  Fol.  obL  40  plates. 
Engraved  by  Joseph  Ellis  and  H.  Ash  by.  Sold  by 
J.  Wallis.  Bookseller,  Ludgate  Street.  Kepnbltahed 
(with  a  few  plates  substituted,  engraved  by  Wood- 
thorpe,  Kirkwood,  and  RobU  Halliwell,  dated  1808 
and  1M)9)  by  T.  Varty,  31,  Strand.  1844. 
MiLNs  (William)  : — 

•The  Penman's  Repository.  1787.  Fol.  obL  36  plates. 
Engraved  by  H.  Ashby,  King  Street,  Cheapside. 
Published  for  the  Author,  Salvadore  House  Academy, 
Tooting,  Surrey. 
Lakgford  (Richabd),  Master  of  the  Academy,  Haydoa 
Square,  Minories : — 

A  Complete  Set  of  Rules  and  Examples  for  Writing, 
<fec.  1787.  Obi.  4°.  Title  and  6  Plates.  Engra^-ed 
by  Ashby, 

•The  Beauties  of  Penmanship.  1797.  Fol.  obi.  14  plates. 
Engraved  by  H.  Ashbv.   Sold  by  Messrs.  Grosvenor 
and  Chater,  No.  11,  CoVnhill. 
Radcliffk  (James),  Writing  Master  and  AccouDtant  at 

the  Free  Grammar  School,  Blackburn,  towards  the 

close  of  the  18th  century: — 

•The  British  Youth's  Instructor  in  Penmanship.  Fol. 
obi. 

The  New  British  Penman. 

Beauties  of  Writing  Delineated ;  or,  Penmanship  Ex- 
emplified. 
The  celebrated  engraver  Gkorge  Bickham  brought  oat 

several  works  previously  to,  or  during  the  year  1750» 

thus  named: — 

Penmanship  in  its  utmost  Beauty  and  Extent.  A  New 
Copy  Book;  wherein  are  Revived  and  Comprized  aU 
the  most  Useful  and  Ornamental  Pieces  pablislied 
by  the  Best  Masters  in  Europe.  To  which  are  ad<|ed 
some  Curious  Modern  Pieces,  never  before  Extant. 
Collected  and  Engraven  by  George  Bickbam. 

The  Pen-Man's  Companion,  containing  Specimens  in 
All  Hands ;  by  the  most  Eminent  English  Masters^ 
as  Ayres,  Moor,  Snell,  Shelley,  Snow,  Clark,  OUyffe, 
Brooks,  Nicholas,  Chambers,  Bland,  Webster, 'and 
Others.    Engrav'd  by  George  Bickbam.    And 

•The  Universal  Pen-Man,  which  would  seem  to  have 
been  issued  in  53  numbers,  of  four  plates  each,  trom 
1733  to  1741.  Several  plates  are  without  a  name  or 
other  mark  of  identification ;  but  the  chief  contribu- 
tors are  as  follows: — Austin,  Eman^  22  plates; 
Bland,  John,  7  or  8  do. ;  Bickham,  John,  4  or  5  do.; 
Brooks,  Gabriel,  9 do.;  Brooks,  Will",  Ido. ;  Cham- 
bers, Zachy,  1  do. ;  Champion,  Joseph,  47  do.;  Clark, 
Willington,  22  do. ;  Daj',  John,  1  do. ;  Dawson* 
Edw.  3  do. ;  Dove,  Nathan^  27  do. ;  Gratwick, 
Mo«,  1  do.;  Ilolden,  John,  1  do.;  Jobn'sfon  {tnc) 
Geo.  1  do. ;  Kippax,  Will™,  7  do. ;  Leekey,  Will™, 
4  do. ,  Morris,  Rich**,  1  do. ;  Norman,  Peter,  1  do. ; 
Oldfield,  J.,  Ido.;  Sportland,  John,  1;  Treadway, 
JS  T.,  1  do. ;  Vaux,  Sami,  5  (Jq.  ;  Whilton,  B.  4  do. 
Printed  for  and  Sold  by  the  Author  at  his  House  in 
James  Street,  Bunhill  Fields. 

In  an  advertisement  issued  in  1750  reference 
is  made  to  this  last  work  as  one  that  "  w^ill  not, 
perhaps,  be  equalled  for  many  ages  to  come." 

Shelley  names  John  Sinclair,  John  Smith,  T. 
Bastin,  Ralph  Snow,  and  Rob*  More,  as  '*  emi- 
nent Penmen,"  "  most  of  'em  having  published 
something  with  good  success." 


4t*  a  IV.  July  81,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


101 


According  to  Milns,  *'  Perling"  and  *^Barbe- 
dor  "  were  "  eminent  ancient  Penmen." 

John  Craik  of  Dumfries,  who  died  within  the 
last  twenty  years,  was  the  most  recent  of  the  race 
I  have  heard  of.  I  was  told  that  the  acade- 
micians Thombom  and  Faed  were  among  his 
«  caUants." 

In  the  foregoing  list  I  have  placed  an  asterisk 
against  such  of  the  works  as  are  in  my  possession. 
I  have  also  a  sample  of  the  work  of  John  Seddon, 
issaed  from  "  the  three  Bibles  and  Ink  Bottles  on 
London  Bridge "  j  of  George  Shelley  (*'  Hand 
and  Pen  in  Warwick  Lane  *'),  and  of  Joseph 
Champion  ("Golden  Buck,  Fleet  Street.") 

Jan  Zle. 


This  query  has  reminded  me  of  a  local  worthy, 
whose  penmanship  is  celebrated  in  Hutchins's  Mts- 
tory  dj  Ihrsetf  3rd  edit.  iii.  652,  but  whose  fame 
has  been  so  evanescent  that  even  his  epitaph  there 
zeooided  seems  to  have  perished,  and  is  stated 
to  be  no  longer  found  on  his  tomb.  It  may  be 
well  to  reproduce  some  portion  of  it  here,  in 

proof  of  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by 

Ais  own  generation :  — 

**  Mr.  John  Willis,  Master  of  Orchard  School,  who  died 
April  23, 1760,  in  the  GS^^  year  of  his  age,  of  unblemished 
int^ritj,  &c.  &c.,  so  renowned  for  his  exquisite  and 
mpriang  command  of  hand  and  skill  in  penmanship,  &c. 
tiiat  people  of  all  ranks  sent  to  him  their  sons,  not  only 
iom  London,  the  principal  city,  &c.  but  from  Holland, 
Svitzerland,  Nevis,  Montserrat,  Antigua,  Barbadoes, 
Ourolina,  and  other  colonies  in  America.  His  singular 
tliilides  rendered  him  superior  to  all  praise,  and  made  his 
dsath  a  public  loss. 

•Envy  be  dumb,  great  Willis  scorns  thy  spite, 
Thou  must  allow  that  he  alone  could  write. 
If  06t  distant  regions  celebrate  his  fume. 
The  world  concurs  to  eternize  his  name. 
In  all  things  equal  to  the  best  of  men, 
Bat  had  himself  no  equal  with  the  pen.* " 
"  Sic  transit  gloria  mundi.*' 

C.  W.  Bingham. 


THE  SUDEREYS. 


(4»»»  S.  iv.  12.) 

Phileaor  Miinch  is  quite  right  in  laughing  at 
the  absurd  title  of  the  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man, 
ms  it  nuis  upon  all  fours  with  the  designation  of 
our  sovereigns  as  kings  of  France,  which  has  long 
been  given  up. 

The  islands  in  question  belonged  originally 
to  the  Norwegian  crown,  but  on  the  marriage  of 
Alexander  III.  of  Scotland  with  the  daughter  of 
Magnus  IV.  of  Norway,  the  latter  gave  as  the 
dower  of  the  bride,  "  Maniam  cum  ceteris  insulis 
Sodorensibus  et  omnibus  aliis  insulis  ex  parte  occi- 
dentali  et  australi  Magni  Haffs  '*  (i.  e.  of  the  Great 
Sea),  with  the  exception  of  Orkney  and  Shetland, 
which  King  Magnus .  reserved  to   himself,   but 


which  afterwards  became  annexed  to  the  Scot- 
tish crown.     (Act.  Pari,  Scot  vol.  i.  p.  78.) 

The  title  or  "Episcopus  Ergadiensis  et  Sodo- 
riensis"  occurs  continually  in  the  old  Scotch  re- 
cords, and  exists  still  in  the  title  of  one  of  our 
present  sees,  that  of  Argyle  and  the  Isles.  It  has 
been  recognised  indirectly  in  more  than  one  act  of 
parliament  passed  in  the  present  century  for  the 
benefit  of  the  "  Highlands  and  Islands  **  of  Scot- 
land." I  may  add  that  the  island  of  Man  was 
the  only  portion  of  the  ancient  realm  of  Scotland 
that  was  not  recovered  in  the  war  of  independ- 
ence, although  this  was  attempted,  if  not  by  the 
Bruce  in  person,  at  least  by  his  brother  Edward. 
The  title  of  the  Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man  is 
therefore  only  a  last  rebque  of  the  unsuccessful 
attempt  of  Edward  I.  and  his  unfortunate  son  to 
maintain  their  claims  as  alleged  Lord  Paramounts 
of  Scotland. 

To  furnish  a  list  of  the  various  isles  would 
occupy  too  much  space,  for  — 

<*  <  Daughter/  she  said, '  these  seas  behold, 
Round  twice  a  hundred  islands  rolled. 
From  Hirt  that  hears  their  northern  roar, 
To  the  green  IsJay*s  fertile  shore." 

ScotVa  Lord  of  the  Isles,  canto  i.  st.  viii.  and  note. 

But  there  is  a  very  full  summary  of  them  in  the 
fourth  canto  of  the  same  poem,  stanzas  vii.  to  xi. 
inclusive.  George  Verb  Irving. 


SAXON  CUTICLE  ON  A  CHURCH  DOOR, 
(4^  S.  iv.  66.) 

There  is  an  old  tradition  that  the  skin  of  a 

sacrilegious  Dane  was  often  nailed  upon  a  church 

door,  and  several  well-authenticated  examples  are 

on  record.     Mr.  Albert  Way,   in  an  interesting 

paper  in  the  Arduseohgtcal  Journal  (v.  186),  says 

that : — 

"  Having  heard  that  one  of  the  doors  of  Worcester 
Cathedral  had  skin  upon  it,  he  wrote  to  Mr.  Jabez  Allies, 
F.S. A.,  of  that  city,  and  received  a  portion  and  a  drawing 
of  the  doors,  which  had  been  removed  into  the  crypt. 
Mr.  John  Quekett,  Assistant  Conservator  of  the  Museum 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  examined  the  skiu  and 
reported  that  he  was  perfectty  satisfied  that  it  is  human 
skin,  *  taken  from  some  part  of  the  body  of  a  light-haired 
person  where  little  hair  grows.  A  section  of  the  speci- 
men, when  examined  with  a  power  of  a  hundred  dia- 
meters, shows  readily  that  it  is  skin ;  and  two  hairs  which 
grow  on  it  I  find  to  be  human  hairs,  and  to  present  the 
characters  that  hairs  of  liglit-haired  people  do.  The  hairs 
of  the  human  subject  differ  greatly  from  those  of  any 
other  mammalian  animal,  and  the  examination  of  a 
hair  alone  without  the  skin  would  have  enabled  me  to 
form  a  conclusion." 

The  date  of  the  north  doors  at  Worcester  is 
circ.  1386,  temp.  Rich.  II.  j  so  that  it  was  placed 
there  (though  the  punishment  might  have  been 
inflicted  long  previously)  at  a  time  of  compara- 
tive refinement  and  civilisation.     It  is  stated  that 


102 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4'»»  S.  IV.  Jolt  81,  '69. 


at  the  French  Revolution  the  skins  of  some  of  the 
Tictims  were  tanned  and  made  into  boots. 

Amon^  various  curiosities  which  Dr.  Prattinton 
of  Bowdley  bequeathed  to  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries was  a  piece  of  skin  from  these  very  doors,  | 
and  he  stated  that  it  was  supposed  to  have  been 
part  of  the  skin  of  a  man  who  stole  the  sanctus  i 
Dell  from  the  high  altar.     It  was  the  description  | 
of  this  relic  that  induced  Mr.  Way  to  make  re-  i 
searches  which  were  attended  with  so  much  sue-  ' 
cess. 

Sir  Harry  Englefield  exhibited  before  the  So- 
ciety of  Antiquaries  in  1789  a  plate  of  iron  from 
the  door  of  Iladstock  church,  Essex,  with  a  por- 
tion of  human  skin  upon  it.  In  "  N.  &  Q."  (1**  S. 
i.  186),  a  correspondent  states  that  he  had  a  piece 
of  skin  from  the  door  of  this  church,  and  this 
notice  is  all  I  can  find  in  your  volumes  on  the 
subject.  In  Excursions  through  Essex  (London, 
1819),  it  is  stated  that,  "Notwithstanding  the 
number  of  years  it  [the  cuticle]  has  been  there,  [it] 
does  not  appear  to  oe  much  decayed,  nor  has  the 
rust  of  the  iron  with  which  it  is  covered  scarcely 
injured  it,"  so  that  it  must  have  been  in  good 
preservation  at  that  time.  Mr.  Way  got  a  frag- 
ment from  this  door,  and  Mr.  Quekett  at  once 
pronounced  it  human  skin,  *'  in  all  probability 
removed  from  the  back  of  the  Dane,  and  that  Jie 
was  a  fair-haired  person.'* 

Morant  mentions  a  like  tradition  respecting  the 
church  of  Copford,  Essex.  Newcourt  .says  it  was 
taken  notice  of  in  1090,  when  an  old  man  at 
Colchester  said : — 

*•  That  he  heard  his  master  saj'  that  he  had  read  in  an 
old  history  that  the  church  of  Copford  was  robbed  by 
the  Danes,  and  their  skins  nailed  to  the  doors ;  upon 
which  some  gentlemen,  being  curious,  went  thither,  and 
found  a  sort  of  tanned  skin,  thicker  than  parchment, 
which  is  supposed  to  be  human  skin,  nailed  to  the  door 
of  the  said  church,  underneath  the  said  iron-work,  some 
of  which  skin  is  still  to  be  seen.'* 

None  of  the  skin  leraained  on  the  door  in  1848, 
but  the  rector  sent  Mr.  Way  a  specimen  which 
had  been  preserved,  and  Mr.  Quekett  reported  in 
the  same  manner  as  respecting  the  previous  speci- 
mens, r 

J^epys,  in  his  Diary j  April  10,  lOGl,  says: — 

"  To  Rochester,  and  there  saw  the  cathedral 

obFcrving  the  great  doors  of  the  church,  as  they  say, 
covered  with  the  skins  of  tlje  Danes." 

I  hope  that  any  of  your  correspondents  hearing 
of  such  traditions  in  their  neighbourhoods  will 
investigate  the  subject  and  obtain  specimens,  if 
possible,  for  microscopical  investigation. 

John  Piggot,  Jun.,  F.S.A. 

Ulting,  Maldon. 


WHO  WERE  THE  COMBATANTS  AT  THE  BATTLE 
ON  THE  NORTH  INCH  OF  PERTH  IN  1396. 

(4^»»  S.  iii.  7,  410,  &c.) 

I  shall  be  glad  to  be  allowed  space  for  a  few 
remarks  on  Dr.  Macpherson's  communication  on 
p.  410,  which  I  did  not  see  until  my  last  paper 
(p.  508)  was  in  the  printer's  hands. 

I  was  under  the  impression  that  by  making 
known  the  tradition  of  my  family  as  to  its  origin, 
and  supporting  that  tradition  by  reference  to 
genealogy,  I  should  help  to  dispel  sonae  tendency 
to  increased  mystification  on  the  subject  in  hand 
by  putting  the  clan  Shaw  out  of  the  Held ;  and  I 
thought  1  had  succeeded  in  showing  that  that 
clan  did  not  exist  in  lo96.  But  my  efforts  appear 
to  have  been  in  vain,  so  far  as  Dr.  Macphersok* 
is  concerned,  and  according  to  that  gentlenian 
they  have  resulted  only  in  creating  mystification 
instead  of  dispelling  it.'  I  venture  to  hope,  how- 
ever, that  they  have  not  eo  signally  failed  with 
others  who  may  be  following  this  correspondence. 
Uncertain  as  tradition  and  genealogy  no  doubt 
often  are,  and  low  as  is  apparently  Dr.  Macphbr- 
son's  estimate  of  them,  yet  I  submit  that  when 
they  throw  even  a  glimmer  of  light  on  any  obscure 
page  of  history  they  are  not  to  be  utterly  con- 
demned and  cast  aside  as  worthless ;  at  any  rate 
there  is  something  in  them  more  tangible  than  in 
mere  speculation. 

With  regard  to  the  first  of  the  two  points  in 
my  paper  which  Dr.  Macpherson  notices,  I 
admit  that  I  ought  not,  perhaps,  to  have  men- 
tioned the  presence  of  Shaws  at  Harlaw  in  1411 
in  the  connection  in  which  I  did.  My  design  was, 
however,  merely  to  show  that  the  Shawa  were 
beginning  to  acquire  some  status,  and  I  was  care- 
ful to  give  the  historian  of  Moray  as  my  authorily. 
Still  the  Doctor's  remark  on  this  point  seems 
hardly  a  just  one,  as  the  non-existence  of  the  dan 
in  139G  does  not  exclude  the  possibility  that  a 
**  company  "  (which  might  mean  so  few  even  as 
half-a-dozen  men)  of  the  name  lived  and  fought 
fifteen  years  after  that  date,  for  in  1411  Shaw  Mor 
had  sons,  and  probably  grown-up  grandsons.  As 
to  the  evidence  of  Wyntoun  and  of  the  Moray 
monks  (of  the  value  of  whoso  evidence  I  ha^e 
spoken  on  p.  611)  for  the  existence  of  a  clan  Sha4B 
1396, 1  cannot  admit  that  Dr.  Macpherson  has 
shown  that  Wyntoun  meant  Sha  when  he  wrote 
Ila,  or  that  he  has  proved  the  identity  of  Ha 
with  Sha,  although  he  seems  to  take  it  for  granted. 
As  I  do  not  profess  to  be  a  philologist,  1  forbear 
to  say  anything  as  to  the  convertibility  of «,  A, 
and  sh  in  most  languages.  Further  than  that,  I 
was  totally  ignorant  of  such  being  the  case,  and 
I  cannot  call  to  mind  any  example  in  Scottish 
writing.  If  Wyntoun  redly  did  cut  off  the  8 
from  Sha  for  the  sake  of  euphony,  it  seems  to  me 
that  there  is  groimd  for  supposing  that  his  anxiety 


4*8.IV.  July  81, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


103 


to  preserre  euphony  or  rhyme  would'get  the  better 
of  his  exactness  in  other  cases.     Leavinj,'  out  the 
question  whether  Sha  is  or  is  not  a  harmonious 
sound,  I  would  ask  if  there  is  any  other  ca?e  in 
which  Wvntoun  omits,  or  may  be  supposed  to 
omit,  the  initial  letter  of  a  proper  nameP      In 
his  first  paper  Dr.  Macpherson  thinks  it  evi- 
dent that  Wyntoun  meant  Ha  to  be  pronounced 
broadly    because   it    is    made    to    rhyme    with 
teUy  bat  if  Ha  and  Sha  are   identical  I  judge 
that  the  Moray  monks  would  have  pronounced 
the  latter  Shi^  as  they  write  Hay.     Indeed  I 
think  this  rhyming  of  Jia  with  twa  is  almost  a 
proof  that   the  word  should  have   the   slender 
sound,  as  if  written  Jlai/^  for  in  the  South  of 
Scotland  the  numeral  twa  is  often  pronounced  and 
even  written  ttoae,  as  in  the  following  examples, 
the  first  of  which  occurs  in  a  well-known  Border 
distich,  the  second  in  a  song  by  Allan  Ramsay  : — 

"Tweed  says  to  Till,  What  gars  ye  rin  sae  still  ? 
Till  aars  to  Tweed,  Dinna  fash  your  held ; 
For  still  as  I  ria,  and  fast  ns  ye  gatt 
Wbeo  ye  droon  ae  man  I  droon  ticae." 

and — 

**Be»«ie  Bell  and  ^lary  Gray, 
Ye  unco  pair  oppress  us ; 
Oar  fancies  jee  between  ye  iwcit 
Te  are  sic  bonnie  lasses/' 

AIbo,  with  regard  to  mistakes  in  transcription,  it 

is  quite  as  likely  that  Wyntoun's  Ha  or  Hay  is  a 

mistake  for  Ka  or  Kay  as  that  Bowar's  Kay  is  a 

mistake  for  Hay.     Does  the  Doctor  mean  that 

the  name  Shaw  was  known  long  before  1396  as 

tke  name  of  a  clan?     Certainly  the  name  was 

known,  but  only  as  belonging  to  individuals,  as  I 

before  pointed  out;  and  it  is  allowed  that  the 

name  of  the  first  Mackintosh  was  Shaw,  but  it 

was  only,  as  we  should  say,  bis  Christian  name. 

I  have  entered  into  this  question  thus  at  length 
because  I  think  it  important,  and  necessary  for 
ftToiding  complication,  that  the  clan  Shaw  should 
be  jrot  out  of  the  way. 

With  regard  to  the  second  point,  I  presume 
that  Dr.  Macphersox,  after  the  word  "  insignifi- 
cance "  in  his  last  paragraph,  has  inadvertently 
omitted  the  words  "  after  or  in  consequence  of 
the  fight  at  Perth,"  as  he  could  scarcely  have 
taken  my  remark  to  imply  that  the  clan  Shaw  has 
never  dwindled  down. 

In  conclusion,  I  can  assure  Dr.  Macpherson, 
so  far  am  I  from  being  tied  down  by  family  pre- 
possession, that  I  should  be  one  of  the  first  to 
thank  him  for  ascribing  to  my  somewhat  obscure 
elan  the  honour  of  having  been  a  principal  at  the 
fiunous  fight,  if  the  evidence  I  have  already  ad- 
duced did  not  forbid  the  belief  that  it  could 
poflsibly  be  entitled  to  that  honour.  He  says, 
aowever  (p.  8),  that  it  could  be  easily  shown  that 
tiie  clan  Shah  had  a  very  distinct  existence  on  Spey- 
sde  at  the  period  of  the  engagement,  and  (p.  411) 


that  the  name  was  known  (as  the  name  of  a  clan, 
I  presume  he  means,)  on  upper  Speyside  long 
before  1396.  Now  if  he  will  make  good  these 
statements  by  bringing  forward  conclusive  evi- 
dence for  the  existence  of  clan  Shaw  in  or  prior 
to  1396,  I  will  be  content  to  ''  eat  my  words  " 
with  a  course  of  humble  pie,  and  I  will  renounce 
my  faith  in  the  traditionary  stories  which  have 
come  down  to  me. 

Alexander  Mackintosh  Shaw. 


The  discussion  in  your  colunms  as  to  the  clans 
who  fought  at  the  North  Inch  of  Perth  before 
King  Robert  III.  is  interesting,  but  I  must  confess 
the  parties  ignore  too  much,  as  I  humbly  think, 
what  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Mr.  Skene,  and  others 
have  said  on  the  subject. 

Sir  Walter,  in  hi^  preface  to  the  Fair  Maid  of 
Perth,  seems  inclined  to  adopt  the  view  taken  by 
Mr.  Robert  Mack  ay  of  Thurso,  that  the  clans 
concerned  in  the  combat  were  the  Camerons  and 
the  Mackintoshes  ;  the  former  being  the  clan 
Quhele,  and  the  latter  the  clan  Chattan.  Sir 
Walter  also  remarks  that  "  clan  Whaill "  is  men- 
tioned in  an  Act  of  Parliament  as  late  as  King 
James  VI.,  and  adds,  "  Is  it  not  possible  that  the 
name  mav  be,  after  all,  a  mere  corruption  of  clan 
Lochiel  ?'" 

What  I  would  further  or  more  specifically  sug- 
gest is  that  *•  Quhele  "  and  "  Wheill "  are  simply 
two  ways  or  forms  of  spelling  and  pronouncing 
the  same  radical  name — a  name  with  which  we 
are  all  familiar  in  the  southern  part  of  the  island 
under  the  form  of  Wale  or  Wales.  The 
sound  of  the  word  Quhele,  as  pronounced  in  the 
olden  time,  and  of  Wale  as  now  pronounced,  is 
identical,  except  that  Quhele  was  aspirated,  while 
Wale  is  not.  It  will  also  be  kept  in  view  that 
the  people  in  the  south  and  the  people  in  the 
north,  so  named,  have  both  had  their  habitations 
on  the  western  side  of  the  island.  And  if  the  Wales 
in  the  south  were  composed  of  diflerent  tribes,  so 
also  were  (as  Mr.  Skene  points  out)  the  Quheles 
in  the  north,  although,  as  a  matter  of  course,  on 
a  very  greatly  reduced  scale.  In  all  likelihood, 
therefore,  Lochiel  (while  this  is  the  common,  the 
correct  way  of  writing  the  word  seems  to  be 
Locheil)  is  just  a  contraction  of  Loch-Quhele  or 
Wheill ;  and  the  clan  Quhele  or  Cameron  must, 
on  these  grounds,  be  held  to  have  been  of  Celtic 
race  like  their  brethren  the  Welsh. 

Who,  on  the  other  hand,  were  the  Chattans  ? 
As  the  ch  was  no  doubt  pronounced  as  A:,  the 
name  of  the  county  of  Caithness — or  Katanes,  as  it 
was  anciently  vTritten — clearly  points  out  how  far 
they  extended  to  the  north.  Heraldry,  in  its  own 
quaint  rebus  sort  of  fashion,  has  handed  down  to 
us  the  cat  of  the  arms  of  the  house  of  Sutherland — 
a  memorial  of  the  fact  that  the  same  race  ruled  in 
Sutherland.    We  also  find  the  Mackintoshes  and 


104 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»»  S.  IV.  July  81,  '69. 


Macphersons  to  be  tribes  belonging  to  the  same 
race,  and  that  they  kept  up  the  general  name  long 
after  their  other  brethren  had  ceased  to  do  so. 
That  those  who  bore  the  name  of  Chattan  were 
of  Teutonic  descent,  and  had  subdued  the  prior 
inhabitants  of  the  North  of  Scotland  lying  round 
the  Moray  Firth,  and  extending  more  or  less 
south  and  westwardly,  seems  to  me  to  be  so  clear 
on  philological  and  historical  grounds  that  I  do 
not  suppose  that  those  truly  acquainted  with  the 
facts  will  be  disposed  on  due  consideration  to  dis- 
pute it. 

We  thus  arrive  at  the  conclusion  that  the  com- 
bat on  the  North  Inch  of  Perth  in  1396  was  not  a 
mere  accidental  isolated  tribal  conflict,  but  that 
it  was  in  reality  an  incident  connected  with  the 
great  contention  that  went  on  for  so  long  a  period 
throughout  our  island  between  the  different  tribes 
of  the  Teutonic  and  Celtic  races,  and  which,  as  is 
natural  to  suppose  from  the  state  of  the  High- 
lands at  that  time,  was  kept  up  there  long  after  it 
had  ceased  elsewhere  in  Britain.  And  as  it  is 
historically  known  that  long  before  and  long  after 
the  combat  at  Perth  such  contention  was  inces- 
santly kept  up  between  the  Teutonic  Chattans,  or 
Mackintoshes,  and  the  Celtic  Quheles,  or  Came- 
rons,  it  is  submitted  that  we  may  on  these  and  on 
all  the  other  facts  known  in  connection  with  the 
combat  safely  come  to  the  conclusion  that  these 
w:ere  the  clans  who  were  the  actors  before  the  King 
of  Scotland  in  the  bloody  conflict. 

Henry  Kilgour. 
Edinburgh. 

Epigram  by  Dr.  Hawtrey  (4'^  S.  iii.  499 ; 
iv.  44.)— In  reply  to  W.  T.  T.  D.  in  your  number 
of  July  10, 18G9,  and  to  Mr.  Thiriold,  "  N.  &  Q.'* 
of  May  29,  1869,  I  take  leave  to  remark  that  if 
those  gentlemen  would  take  the  trouble  to  con- 
sult the  Saturday  Revieto  of  Jan.  6,  1856  (i.  178), 
and  Saturday  Itemeio  of  Jan.  19,  1856  (i.  219), 
and  also  Saturday  Revieio  of  July  4,  1867  (iv.  3), 
they  will   find   the  whole  history  of  the  gross 

Plagiarism,  or  rather  robbery,  committed  by  Lord 
*lunket,  Bishop  of  Tuam,  who  published  as  his 
own  a  **  Charge "  printed  and  published  some 
years  before  by  no  less  a  person  than  Dr.  Sum- 
ner, then  Bishop  of  Chester  and  afterwards  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury. 

W.  T.  T.  D.  will  also  find  that  Dr.  Hawtrey's 
epigram  did  not  "  appear  originally  in  the  Giutr- 
dian  of  Nov.  19, 1861,'*  but  in  the  Saturday  Re- 
vieio of  Jan.  19,  1856— -t.  e.  five  years  before  this 
**  original  appearance  "  in  the  Gimrdian. 

I  can  also  state  that  the  concluding  line  of  the 
epigram  is  not  as  W.  T.  T.  D.  and  the  Guardian 
give  it  — 


And  as,  on  the  part  of  the  Saturday  RevieWy  this 
is  a  case,  like  the  original,  of  ^^  Meum  '*  and  "  Tuum," 
I  may  add  that  I  am  a  tolerable  authority  on  this 
subject,  because  I  wrote  all  the  articles  on  the 
subject  in  the  Saturday  Review,  and  because  Dr. 
Hawtrey — through  a  common  friend  now  dead — 
communicated  the  epigram  to  me  as  soon  as  it  wa8 
written. 


•  ♦  • 


Cartularies,  etc.  of  Faversham  Abbey  and 
Davington  Priory  (4»"  S.  iv.  56.)  — If  Mr. 
George  Bedo  will  write  to  my  friend,  T.  Wille- 
ment,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  the  present  owner  and  occu- 
pier of  Davington  Priory,  I  am  sure  he  will  g^t 
every  information  to  be  obtained  respecting  the 
cartularies  of  Davington  Priory,  and  he  will  be! 
pleased  to  hear  that  much  of  the  old  priory  still* 
remains,  well  preserved"  and  cared  for  by  the 
zealous  owner  of  the  property.  Mr.  Willement 
has  not  only  protected  all  the  ancient  work,  but 
has  at  his  own  cost  admirably  restored  the  churcli. 
I  have  a  very  good  engraving  of  the  priory  and 
church  published  at  Mr.  Willement's  expense. 

Benjamin  Ferrey,  F.S.A. 

More  Family  (4'*»  S.  iv.  82.) — I  have  just  met 
with  an  additional  fact  which  brings  the  names  of 
More  and  Graunger  (or  Granger)  into  connexion. 
In  Stow's  Chroniclcy  p.  877,  ed.  1580,  it  is  said 
that  Thomas  Granger,  who  had  been  elected 
Sheriff  of  London  on  November  11,  1503,  died  on 
the  Idth  of  the  same  month  at  the  Serjeants'  feast 
at  Lambeth.  '^  This  feast,"  says  Stow,  "  WM 
kept  at  the  charge  of  tenne  learned  men,  newly 
admitted  to  be  Sergeants  to  the  King's  law. 
One  of  the  ten  was  "  lohn  Moore." 

William  Aldis  Wright, 

Trin.  Coll.  Cambridge. 

Newark  Peerage  (4***  S.  iii.  575 ;  iv.  38.) — 
Anglo-Scotus  is  right,  and  I  feel  obliged  by  lus 
corrections  with  reference  to  the  Newark  peerage. 
I  was  misled  by  Sir  Robert  Douglas,  and  I  ought 
certainly,  before  presenting  my  query,  to  have 
consulted  Riddell.  Yet  my  query  may  lead  to 
the  discovery  of  the  proper  line. 

Anglo- ScoTUS  states  that  Archbishop  Jolrn 
Spottiswoode  of  St.  Andrew's  died  shortly  before 
December  7,  1039.  Perhaps  he  did,  and  the  pre- 
cise fact  might  be  ascertained  by  referring  to  the 
inscription  on  his  tombstone  in  Westminster 
Abbey.  But  Craufurd,  in  his  Officers  of  State^ 
Edinb.  1726,  fol.  p.  193,  writes  thus:— *•  He 
(Spottiswoode)  surrendered  up  his  soul  to  God  on 
the  27th  of  December,  1630.'' 

May  I  respectfully  add  that  the  following  sen- 
tence in  Anglo-Scotus's  note  is  somewhat  un- 
called for :  — 


but  — 


"  Tcam  si  ncquco  mcam  vocarc," 
•'  Tuam  ni  liceat  Meam  vocnre.'* 


(t 


No  one,*'  he  writes,  "  should  profess  to  write  on  Scot- 
tish peerages  without,  at  least,  consulting  the  works  of 
this  eminent  lawyer  [Riddell],  which  Dr.  Rogers  does 
not  Beem  to  have  done.** 


("S-IT.  JDt,T31,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


With  bU  due  deference  to  Anqlo-Scoios, 
whose  notes  I  slwavB  rend  with  ativrtntnge,  1 
beli(>Te  mv  acquaintance  ivilh  Scnttisli  family 
history,  and  worlo  published  in  connection  there- 
■with,  is  far  from  heing  inconsiderable.  When  I 
nest  maJte  a  blunder,  I  beg  Asolo-Scotcs  will 
do  me  the  justice  of  blaming'  my  judgment  rather 
than  of  censuring  my  diligence. 

CniitLES  EooERS,  LL.D. 

Snowdoun  Villa.  Lewisliam,  S.E. 

Haldkd's  MS.  Notes  oy  Dr..  Df.k  (4">  S.  iv. 
ao.)  — Ib*gtoinform  Calcutikssis  that  I  have 
been  en^raged  for  some  time  in  prepariDK  for  the 
pnra  "Collectanea  Deviana;  or,  lIluBtrntiona  of 
dw  WritinfTS  of  Dr.  Dee,  and  espccialij-  of  the 
Relation  cf  his  Conference  with  Spirits,"  pub- 
lished by  Ueric  Cnaaubon.  The  annotations  of 
tbe  enthnriaft  Hnllied  irniicative  of  perfect  faith 
)K  the  Teitiationa  of  Dee  and  Ivclly,  would  con- 
tid«nibly  add  to  the  interest  of  the  projected 
publication,  and  should  CALCCTTKNSia  himself  not 
contenmlate  the  publication  of  the  annotations 
nfened  to,  I  should  feel  much  indebted  for  the 
loan  of  the  Tolume,  in  order  that  a  transcript  may 
b«  made  of  the  notes,  for  which  most  pratpfnl  ac-  i 
knowledgmenla  would  be  made  in  tlio  work  itself.  I 
Thomas  Joses,  B.A  .,  F.S.A. 

Cbelham'9  Librari-,  ManvLicitcr.  ' 

Omitted  REFEREscJis  (4'"  S.  iv,  45.)  — An  i 
tpitaph,  very  wmilar  to  the  Spanish  one  quoted  I 
Inthe  Serhghiri^  Chronicle,  really  txiat-i  in  Wilt- 
uire,  and  is  lo  be  found  in  a  printed  collection  of  ' 
Wiltshire  epitaphs,  as  I  have  learned  from  one 
who  had  seen  the  worlt,  thoiip-h  I  regret  to  say  I  I 
««n  give  no  further  information  of  its  title  or 
date.     The  epitaph  is  in  these  words: —  i 

"  Bcncnth  tl.is  stone,  nrppairil  for  Zion, 
Is  Uid  the  landlord  of  Die  t.inn  ; 


His  son  keeps  on  the  business  still." 

J.  C.  M. 

SETmiBRTON,  OR  Skimmin'oton  (4"'  S.  iii.  529, 
fl08.) — In  Somersetshire  this  certainly  used  to  be 
adopted  in  ridicule  of  the  family  in  which  "  the 
grey  msre  was  the  hetler  horse."  In  the  summer 
of  I8S8  I  saw  a  procession  of  this  sort  r  two  men 
were  in  a  cart,  one  dre3,sod  as  a  woman ;  he  beat 
and  abused  tbe  other,  who  replied  only  by  words. 
They  were  drawn  aloD^  by  some  of  the  villagers ; 
the  rest  followed,  hooting;  and  laughing.  There 
was  a  long  pause  in  the  proces.^iion  opposite  tbe 
cottage  of  the  obnoxious  couple.  At  the  south 
BDd  of  the  great  hall  in  the  beautiful  old  house  of 
Mootacut«,  in  this  county,  is  a  curious  representa- 
Hoii  of  this  custom  carved  in  wood,  in  low  rehef. 
The  husband  there  appears  drawing  liquor  from  a 
baiTel;  the  wife,  coming  in  and  finding  him,  raps 
Ida  head  with  a  shoe.    In  another  compartment 


is  the  procession,  with  a  view  of  the  church  and 
a  bouse.  Somersetensis. 

Napoleon  I.  and  his  Second  Makriaqe  (4"'S. 
iv.  'M.)  —  The  Austrian  ambassador,  at  whose 
house  the  fire  broke  out  during  the  ball  given  to 
their  imperial  majesties  and  the  filite  of  Parisian 
society  in  1810,  was  Prince  Schwarzenberg  (not 
burff),  who  had  negociated  the  marriags  of  Napo- 
,  leon  and  Maria  Louisa;  the  same  field-marshal 
who  commanded  the  Austrian  auxiliary  troops  of 
France  during  the  campaign  of  1812,  and  who 
ultimately,  on  Austria's  defection,  became  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  allied  troops  against  Na- 
Enleon.  It  was  not  his  wife,  but  the  PrinceBs 
auline  Schwarzenberg,  who  waa  killed  on  this 
lamentable  occasion.  She  had  been  able  to  escape, 
but  not  seeing  her  daughter  by  her  side,  she  again 
rushed  to  the  rescue  in  t!ie  midst  of  the  flamea, 
where  she  perished,  whilst  her  daughter  came  out 
safe  through  another  issue.  Some  beautiful  veraea 
were  written^by  Schiller,  I  think  —  on  this 
mournful  event,  which  was  puiely  accidental. 
The  weather  was  oppressively  hot ;  the  ball- 
rooms were  hung  round  with  light  garlands  and 
draperies,  which,  on  some  windows  being  opened, 
flew  against  the  lights,  when  the  whole  pluca  was 
instantaneously  in  a  blaze.  Tbe  father  of  Lord 
Taunton  saved  two  ladiea  who  had  swooned. 

P,  A.  L. 

PLURAtiTr  OF  Altars  ("4"'  S.  ii.  G05.) — Your 
correspondent  mentions  two  altars  in  the  parish 
church  of  Fromo  Selwood,  and  two  in  SS.  Mary 
and  Radigund,  Whitwell,  Isle  of  Wight.  Ac- 
cording to  Dugdale's  IVarwickahitv — 
'  "Thomas  Oken  in  his  will,  c.  trill,  disposed  hw  body 
to  be  buried  near  S.  Anne's  altar,  vttbin  the  chureb  of 
I  (Jor  Lad  J,  Warwick." 

According  to  tbe  Handbook  of  EiiglUh  EccUii- 
nhgy  (Ecclesiological  Society),  only  three  original 
high  altars  are  known  to  exist;  in  the  church  of 
Northampton,  Gloucesfer;  St.  Marv  Magdalen, 
Riponj  and  St.  Michael,  Dulas,  JEJeceford shire ; 
but  several  chantry  altars  remain. 

John  Piooot,  F.S.A. 
Mna.  RoBissoN :  "Pbrdita"  (4'"  S.  iii.  173, 
;t48.1— I  have  to  thauk  Cuthbert  Bede  for  re- 
minding me  of  the  classical  composition  by  Stioeh- 
ling,  which  does  duty  for  a  porti'ait  of  Mrs. 
Robinson  in  Huish'a  Life  of  George  IV. 

The  original  "  hat "  portrait  of  Perdita  by  Sir 
J.  Reynolds  appeara  to  have  been  exhibited  at 
the  British  Institution  in  1842,  but  I  have  as  yet 
been  unable  to  meet  with  any  n-ittqaea  on  the 
picture.  It  was  8old  at  Christie's  on  March  26, 
I860,  for  250  guineas  to  Mr.  Ocfavius  Coope  of 
Brentwood,  its  present  possessor.  A  repetiUon 
or  copy  of  this  portrait  was  purchased,  May  13  of 
the  present  year,  at  Robinson's,  21,  Old  Bond 
Street  (as  an  original),  by  a  Mr.  Chambers,  whose 


106 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[lU'S.iv.  juLTauw, 


addre3.s  I  have  been  unable  to  obtnin.  It  pre- 
TJously  belonfred  to  Mr.  Marlvwell  of  Queen'a 
Rond,  BavHwater.  A  small  copy  I  possess,  when 
or  by  whom  eiecuted  I  cannot  say,  makes  aq 
extreinelv  fascinatiny  picture ;  in  size  it  ali^fhtly 
eiceoda  tlie  scarce  engraving  by  iJicltiuson.  The 
copy  at  theGarrick  Club  can  hardly  be  considered 
a  flattering  presentment  of  tha  lovely  features  of 
Flori^el's  innamorata. 

As  a  truthful  portrait,  however,  judging  from 
Mrs.  Robinson's  own  description  of  her  persooal 
appearance  (Aatobioffraphy,  vii.  11,  22),  I  believe 
tee  half-length  by  Gainsborough,  exhibited  by  Mr. 
Espinasse  in  the  National  Portrait  Ejthibition  of 
last  ^ear,  stands  unsurpassed.  This  leads  rao  to 
inquire  what  has  bucome  of  the  fuU-leugth  por- 
trait by  the  same  painter  which  is  stateci  in 
Publk  Characters  (iii.  332,  333)  for  1800-1  to 
have  been  at  thai  time  ia  the  possession  of  the  I 
Prince  of  Wales.  Is  it  sfill  in  tba  Royal  Collec-  | 
tion,  or  has  it  been  cut  down  to  the  oval  half- 
length  above  mentioned  P  L.  X. 

The  Court  in  1784  (4'"  S.  iv.  .55.)— For  choice  i 
bits  of  court  gossip  and  onditiia  highlire,F.M.S. 
cannot  do  better  than  perusu  the  pages  of  the 
Tbicn  and  CouiUnj  and  Eitiojiean  Magazinea  for  I 
the  year  in  question.  L.  X.    i 

The  Oak  ksd  the  Asn  (4'"  S.  iv.  53. )  —  The  ' 
"  statistics  "  transferred  to  your  columns  from  the 
Hereford  Tintei  on  the  subj  ect  of  seasons  as  indi- 
cated by  the  oak  and  the  ash  should  be  taken 
"  with  all  reserve,"  for  the  writer  states :  — 

"In  1831.  IB39,  1853,  and  18G0,  botli  these  species  of 
vegelfldoQ  (the  oak  and  the  ash)  began  (heir  race  about 
the  same  period,  anil  [ho  sumniers  whicli  followed  were 
neither  one  way  nor  the  other." 

It  must  be  in  the  memory  of  many  of  your 
readers  that  the  summer  of  ISOO  was  one  of  the 
wettest  on  record,  or,  as  the  writer  in  the  Here- 
ford Times  would  express  it,  "  very  much  the 
other  way.''  With  regard  to  the  previous  years 
mentioned  I  cannot  speak  from  recollection,  ex- 
cept that  the  result  of  the  summer  of  1853  (as 
well  as  that  of  1800)  was  a  notoriously  deficient 
harvest,  and  inferentially  therefore  the  summer 
was  not  of  so  negative  a  character  as  the  writer 
States.  Charles  WniE. 

QEiNLiNe  OiDBOHS  (4™  S,  iii.  606.)  —  In  the 
Strawberry  Hill  Catalogue  drawn  up  in  1842 
under  the  direction  of  George  Robins  — 
"  the  Individual  [as  he  calls  himself  in  tlie  prefucol  who 
has  received  inslroctions  from  the  Kight  Honourable  the 
Karl  of  Waldesrave  lo  distribute  to  the  world  Che  un- 
rivalled and  wondrous  collection  ut  Strawbeny  UiU"— 
I  find  the  following  imder  twenty-second  day's 
aale,  lot  84 :  — 

'■  The  black  and  gold  frame  enclo^ng  the  picture  [por- 
traiu  of  Sir  Robert  Walpola  and  Catherine  Shorter, 
showing  busts  ofGeorge  I.  and  II.  by  Eckardtand  Wout- 
too],  one  of  the  flneat  Bpecimens  of  carving,  u  by  Gibbons, 


as  of  the  fkmUr, 
^rs,  birds,  fmlt, 
gned  and  perfect 


displaying  with  wonderful  effect 
enriched  with  Cupid  figure:*  ai 
grapes,  and  foliage,  nioit  beautifi 

S.  A. 

Ilollington. 

Alist  of  the  works  of  Grinlins  Qlbbons  would  be 
iucomplete  without  induding  the  carvings  atSom- 
erleyton  Hall,  near  Beccles  in  Suffolk,  and  thoas 
in  tlie  dining-room  at  Houghton  House  in  Not- 
folk.  (Waleott'a  East  Coast  of  England,  pp.  78, 
119.)  There  are  also  some  carvings  by  the  sams 
artist  at  Hurst oionceaux  Place  in  Sussex,  whiek 
was  partly  built  of  materials  from  the  Castle  ad- 
joining when  it  was  dismantled  in  1777.  Wit 
pole,  in  his  Correspondence,  speaks  of  the  carvinn 
by  Gibbons  at  Hurstnionceaux  Castle,  possiblj 
t^e  identical  ones  now  at  the  Place.  To  theae 
examples  may  be  added  some  of  the  wood-carviag 

'   Stanstitad   House  in  the  same  county,  o     '' 


177,  254. 


E.  H.  W.  ] 


'■  Whkn  my  Eybstrings  break  IK  Death  " 
(4"*  S.  iv.  5/.) — This  line  has  exercised  me  Twy 
much.  The  only  place  where  I  can  remember  to 
have  heard  it  used  is  the  Temple  Church,  and  I 
took  tlie  liberty  to  address  Archdeacon  RobinMO 
on  the  subject.  AmoDg  seven  collectiooa  now 
before  me  it  appears  as  — 

'■  When  my  ej'elids  close  in  death," 


"  When  w 


e  eyelids  close  in  death," 


■■  When  mine  eyes  shall  dose  in  death," 
in  one  version.     For  rhythm  I  prefer  the  second 
of  these  three  snmples,  and  trust  that  Dr.  Vaughaa 
may  be  induced  to  adopt  it. 

it  appears  to  me  very  probable  that  Toplady 
had  the  well-known  passage,  E>;cles.  xii.  6,  b«fan 


wheel  broien  at  tlii 

A.  H. 
Rib  William  Wallace's  Statue  (4'"  S.  iii. 
383.) — Seeing  no  other  answer  to  thia  query,  I 
may  refer  to  an  article  on  "  Wallace  Konk  in 
the  Aberdeen  Mapazine  (vol.  ii.  1832),  a  youthful 
production,  I  b-lieve,  of  the  recently  decdawd 
antiquary  Dr.   Joseph  Robertson.      The  writer 

"There  is  no  tradition,  farther  than  the  n amp,  that 
records  niiv  Gonnectiim  it  ever  had  vith  Wallace,  vxcept 
that  the  figure  in  the  niche  i*  said  to  ho  an  effi^v  of  Chat 

hero Kven  in  the  days  of  old  Andrew  Wjn- 

lonnc  it  was  notorious  that  more  deeds  were  ascribed  to 
Wallace  than  he  ever  performed ;  and  in  these  days  it  i* 
certain  (hat  manv  places  arc  named  al^r  Wallace  with 
which  that  worthy  had  no  connection.  One  of  the  nunt 
striking  instances  of  this  is  a  lovrer  at  Edinburgh  CvA* 


4*  S.  IV.  Jolt  31, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


107 


caDed  *  Wallace's  Tower,'  a  name  nothing  more  than  a 
cormption  of  Well-house  Tower.  It  seems  very  likely 
that  the  name  of  Wallace  Nook  may  have  had  a  similar 
origin.  The  present  building  is  evidently  of  a  much 
later  date  than  his  time.'' 

It  is  mentioned  that  *'  a  fine  spring  of  water 
flows  just  near  by  it."  The  writer  adds,  that  the 
bouse  was  at  one  time  called  "  Keith's  Lodgings  " 
(a  common  way  of  designating  the  town  residences 
of  the  old  Scottish  barons),  and  that  on  a  stone 
now  removed  from  the  building  there  had  been 
seen  the  letters  S.  R.  K.  B.,  imderstood  to  mean 
"Sp  Robert  Keith  of  Benholm."  The  "  statue  " 
is  a  wretched  affair,  with  a  small  dog  lying  at 
the  feet,  and  the  left  hand  holding  a  tin-plate 
tword,  possibly  stuck  there  after  it  had  been  re- 
sdlTed  tnat  the  mailed  effigy  might,  could,  would, 
or  should  be  that  of  the  Scottish  champion. 

N.  C. 

Al>ev<deeiu 

Bl7XBLB-BEE  (4'**  S.  iv.  55.)  —  The  word  is 
deriyed  from  the  Latin  bombiis ;  hence  the  Dutch 
^ommeH,  to  sound  as  an  empty  barrel.  Bees  are 
sometfioes  called  bujnbees  in  Scotland.  Cutiibert 
Bmdb,  in  '-N.  &  Q."  4*'»  S.  ii.  261,  quotes  a 
oonplet    from   Clarets    poem,   "Summer    Even- 

**  From  the  hedge,  in  drowsy  hum, 
Heedless  buzzing  beetles  bum.'^ 

He  savs  that  in  the  fens  bitterns  are  often  called 
hmnmers.  Mr.  Dixon  says  that  a  bass-viol  is 
etUed  in  the  North  of  England  a  bum  fiddle. 

ITie  word  bumble-bee  is  used  in  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  iv.  72.  Peter  Parley,  in  his  Hemtnis' 
emees,  says :  — 

•At  first  I  thought  he  was  mad,  but  the  truth  flashed 
npoo  me  that  he  had  buttoned  up  a  bumble-bee  in  his 
jxntaloons.'* 

The  Dutch  call  it  a  boinmcll-bee,  and  the  word 
hwMe-bee  is  common  in  the  United  States.  In 
the  Notth  a  rumbling  carriage  is  sometimes  called 
a  hummer.  John  PiaQOX,  Jun.,  F.S.A. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

Juventus  Mwndi,     The  Gods  and  Men  of  the  Heroic  Age, 

Bjf  the  K'ii^t  Honourable  William  Ewart  Gladstone. 

(Macmilian.) 

Nothing  can  show  more  clearly  the  enormous  fascina- 
tion which  the  writings  of — 

"...  that  blind  bard,  who  on  the  Chian  strand, 

By  tho5e  deep  sounds  possessed  with  inward  light, 

Beheld  the  Iliad  and  the  Odyssey, 

Bise  to  the  swelling  of  the  voice ful  sea,'* 

exerdge  over  not  mere  students  only,  but  over  men 
in  the  engrossing  field  of  political  strife,  than  the 
fact  that  Lord  Derby  found  his  relaxation  from 
toik  in  translating  Homer,  as  Mr.  Gladstone  has 


^  done  in  studying,  analysing,  and  illustrating  the  works 

of  the  great  master.    In  the  Jiiven/us  ATutu//,  which  Mr. 

Gladstone  tells  us  is  mainly  the  produce  of  the  two 

recesses  of  1867  and  1868,  he  has  endeavoured  to  embody 

'  the  greater  part  of  the  results  at  which  he  arrived  in  his 

'   Studies  on  Homer  and  the  Homeric  Age  (1858),  but  with 

considerable  modifications  in  the  Ethnological  and  My- 

I  thological  portions  of  the  inqnirj'.    The  influence  of  the 

:  Phoenicians  is  more  fully  examined  both  in  respect  to  the 

;  extent  to  which  it  reached  in  the  sphere  of  the  Mytho- 

'  logy»  and  in  the  formation  of  the  Greek  nation.    But  the 

great  distinction  between  the  work  before  us  and  its 

predecessor  is,  that  while  in  the  latter  the  author  had  to 

draw  out  of  the  text  of  Homer  by  a  minute  investigation 

I  of  particulars  the  results  that  it  appeared  to  him  to 

justifj^  in  the  present  work  he  gives  a  larger  space  to 

deductions,  and  a  smaller  one  to  minute  particulars  ;  and 

thus  seeks  to  make  the  book  one  which  should  be  found 

of  practical  as.sistance  to  Homeric  study  in  our  schools 

and  universities,  and  even  to  convej'  a  partial  knowledge 

of  the  subject  to  persons  who  arc  not  habitual  students. 

It  is  almost  superfluous  to  add  that  Jutentus  Mundi  is 

eminently  calculated  to  carry  out  the  great  object  which 

its  accomplished  author  has  in  view. 

The  English  Drama  and  Stage  under  the  Tudor  and  Stuart 
Princes^  1543-1664.  Illustrated  bt/  a  Series  of  iJocu- 
ments^  Treatises^  and  Foems.  With  a  Preface  and  Index, 
(Roxburghe  Library.) 

This  new  volume  of  the  Roxburghe  Library'  is  more 
particularly  interesting  to  students  of  the  Old  English 
Drama,  inasmuch  as  it  contains  nearly  all  the  documents 
and  treatises  directly  illustrating  the  early  history  of 
English  Dramatic  Poetry  and  of  the  Englitih  Stage,  which 
have  not  hitherto  been  made  accessible,  or  of  which  it 
has  been  thought  expedient  to  furnish  more  accurate 
texts  than  have  hitherto  been  given  to  the  public.  These 
consist  of  thirty-two  documents,  commencing  with  so 
much  of  the  Act  34  &  35  Henry  VIII.  cap.  I  (1543)  as 
relates  to  the  stage,  and  ending  with  the  tliird  and  final 
ordinance  against  theatres  issued  by  the  Long  Parlia- 
ment in  1G47-8.  The  treatises  beginning  with  a  Sermon 
against  Miracle  Plays,  and  ending  with  Richard  Kleck- 
noe's  "  Discourse  on  the  English  Stage"  (circa  1660),  are 
thirteen  in  number  ;  and  the  volume,  which  is  rendered 
complete  b}'  notes  and  an  index,  is  one  calculated  to 
throw  much  light  upon  the  subject  which  it  is  intended 
to  illustrate,  and  to  satisfy  the  subscribers  to  the  "Rox- 
burghe Libraiy." 

The  Register  we  understand  will  not  be  dropped,  but 
will  be  published  henceforth  by  Messrs.  Hardwicke  of 
Picca<lilly,  under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  VValford,  who 
took  the  greatest  interest  in  that  department  of  the  Gen- 
tleman*8  Magazine  when  he  was  formerly  editor  of  that 
journal.  We  need  scarcely  say  that  we  wish  him  all 
success  in  his  new  venture,  for  we  hold  that  it  would  be 
a  national  loss  if  a  permanent  Obituary  ceased  to  appear. 
The  Register,  however,  will,  in  addition,  contain  other 
papers  of  personal  anecdote  and  biographical  interest, 
and  it  will  record  Births  and  Marriages,  and  Changes  of 
Name  as  well  as  Deaths  and  Wills. 

Another  SnAKEsrEARK  AuTOGRArri.  —  The  recent 
\QTy  successful  meeting  of  the  Archaeoloj;ical  Institute  at 
Bury  St.  Edmunds  will  probably  be  long  remembered  as 
the  occaj^ion  which  led  to  the  discovery  of  a  new  speci- 
men of  Shakespeare's  handwriting — a  specimen  the  more 
valuable,  if  its  authenticity  be  established,  from  the  fact 
that  it  is  not  merely  an  autograph.  It  is  contained  in  a 
tiny  copy  of  the  IVorks  of  Ooidy  printed  at  Amsterdam 
in  1630,  which  appears  to  have  been  used  as  an  album  or 
scrap-book  for  a  former  possessor,  who  has  pasted  on  to 


I 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[**s.  IV.  juLTai.-eB. 


the  fifth  oT  its  small  paRBs,  which  he  has  cut  still  amaller, 
n  piece  of  paper,  on  which  aKS'"  he  has  psiled  the  auto- 
graphs of  "  Hugh  Middelton"  and  "John  Dryden."  Far 
the  sake  of  this  Jailer  signature  the  brolher  of  the  pre- 
sent owner  loucht  the  litllo  look.  Turning  over  the 
leaves,  the  nimb  page  is  found  similarly  covered  with 
paper  pasted  over  it.  It  is  of  much  earlier  date  than 
the  otlier  interpolation,  and  on  it  is  written,  in  what 
seems  to  be  the  hand  of  the  poet, "  Ihjne  leereterie,  W. 
ShakBpera.-8tratfordc  Mnrche  16."  A  writer  in  Tht 
AditaaHBi,  one  well  qualified  to  give  an  opinion  on  the 
subject,  thus  describes  it;— '•  It  is  a  delicate,  fine  hand- 
writing, somewhat  finer  than  any  known  autograph  of 
Shakspeare— aa  far  aa  we  can  racoUect  without  any  pre- 
sent opportunity  of  comparison.  It  has  every  appearance 
of  being  the  end  of  a  letter,  and  as  such  everjlhing  about 
it  seems  In  perffect  keeping.  The  paper  is  undoubtedly 
of  the  date,  and  with  the  writinR  has  borne  careful  ex- 


^tircif  to  CorxtifiaaOBntM- 


jUalmllti^lltr  lia^tm  ur  ■noKwrmn  iKdhW tc  fanoanlHl. 
H.OIC    Wr  Jiaiv  uliroyi  .VHlcriuiatl  Ihal  Mi-^ruini  Tudc 


FABTBISGE    AND    COOPEB, 

MANUFACTURING  STATIONERS, 
192,  Fleet  Street  (Comer  of  Chancery  Lane). 


\I  ESSRH,  aOTHEBY,  WILEIH90N,  &  HODGE, 

lil'lhV'n'i'l^'"!'.".!    '■^.1  ■     'l  ■     V"^J 'wm.'Ttan 

Si)i^^.irL,'r»^'..l'l^i"'Li  '"I        I.I' ''  ^  l.niESD  bjr  CaXTD^, 

...ii,.  Mil,  ri-Li..;  M..I :... -..iiL^-nlCuriOMWW*! 

''\u'w:7^^'V\t.'.:'!\7-.'-  , r.i.,L.iJ.j,i.-„„i,  nl»J,iriwpi«.(n 


MB.  N.  EA.STON  is  instructed  by  the  Eieratow  of 
the  REV.  J,  H.  BROUBV,  M.A,.  dxawd.  to  BELL  BT  AUC- 
TION, ml  hii  Bomb,  No.  r.  Bowl»llty-lu»,  Hull  (wV —  •' —  ' • 


CiMmii,  fottaie  A 


pHEAI*   BOOK  SALK.S,~SoTenil  ThoasMi4(_5f 

vri«a-    'the  jhOlt  ■!•  coDwulenHr  bruift'  "■ '  ' — 

ud  nwrkf  il  In  pUlb  t^mtt  u  the  lowHt  p 


Manufactured  and  sold  only  bj 
PAKTRIDGE  AND   COOPER, 

192,  Fleet  Street,  comer  of  Chancery  LtM. 
iUFAorunED  tspienir  tn  mcci  ma  unlvcnally  exufitaaA  wot, 
■  piHr  1/iiith  bIibJI  in  ItiKlf  Cdiibliif  ±  perfectir  inuatk  lU^B 

.81  PArKH  will  be  fmind  lo  i*m««  Ihfic  fierulrKrilLtJ  OOM-'''-^ 
ictQBmHle  from  (hu  be  ^LlkDAD  ruEi  only.  nobViiLns  irtU  tHUI 


H/HITE   and    SOUND   TEETH. —  JEWSBUBT- 


T  lEBir,  COMPANY'.?  EXTRACT  OF  MEAT.- 


ih  met-    tSicmpol  u 


ii.^ss.s%s!iBi 


4*  8. IV.  AuoosT  7, '690  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


109 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  AUGUST  7,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  84. 


KOTBS:  — Badolph  Ackermann,  of  the  Strand,  Publisher, 
109  —  Horace.  Carin.  i.  28. 122  —  Miss  Benger :  "  The  Percy 
Anecdotes,"  113  —  Book  Inscription  —  The  Photographer's 
Adage  —  John  Wesl^  —  Chaucer's  "  Schippes  Hoppe- 
tterea"  — Birds*  Eggs  unlucky  to  keep— Sir  John  Her- 
•ebel  at  the  Cape  —  Notice  of  the  Discovery  of  a  Cornish 
Mystery  Play,  113. 

QUERIES:  —  Descendants  of  Lieutenant  Wade  and  Ensign 
Xaylem,  114  —  Arval*Bread :  Arval-Supper :  a  Funeral 
Veaat  in  Yorkshire  —  Alcuin's  Bible  —  Bibliographical 
Qneries  —  Bland>dyke,  or  Blan-dyke.  a  Term  for  a  Day  of 
fiecreation  at  Stonyhurst  College,  Lancashire  —  Chcmi- 
tjroe—  Castles  in  the  Air  —  Ercilla's  "  Araucana  "  —  Half- 
a-0osen  Historical  Queries  —  Hogarth's  "  Lady's  last 
StBke"—  Metrical  Prophecy— Miss  Monk,  Wife  of  Wil- 
Uam  D*Oy ley  — Arms  of  Archbishop  Parker  of  Tuam  — 
Peli^  Pellioo's  "  Prancesca  da  Rimini "  —  Pillory  at  East 
Looe,  Cornwall  —  Engraved  Portrait  —  Printing  Query  — 
QofltatioiiB  wanted,  &c.,  115. 


Qvn 


WITH  A VBWSBB :  —  "  L'Empire  c'est  la  Paix  "  — 
ttaunent  —  Lunch  —  The  Bev.  Dr.  Fellowes  —  Shake- 
117. 


SBFLIIS:  — Janet  Little,  119  — The  Stirling  Case,  /&.— 

BobotBWr.  Author  of   "The  Grave,"  and  Norris  of 

BmKitOB,  4c.,  120  —  Velocipedes,  121  —  Sir  Francis  Pem- 

tertoD  —  Bedlam  B^gars  and  Rosemary—  Giles  Lawrence 

;   —••lb  Lie-under  a  Mistake "  —  Ky the  —  Worrall  -  Bells 

flrlliiBeiitirig  Churches- Signification  of  the  Word  "  Pu- 

Billin  •  —  La  Salette  —  "  Fysch-hole  "  —  Plessis :  Park  — 

Bimiie  to  Ralph  —  Royal  Antediluvian  Order  of  Buffaloes 

— Ovtolariea,  Ac.  of  Favershain  Abbey  and   Davington 

Frtocy  —  Bradwardine  Family  —  Kidnapping,  &c.,  122. 

Votei  on  Books,  kc. 


RUDOLPH  ACKERMANN, 

OF     THE     STRAl^D,     PUBLISHER. 

With  some  slight  corrections,  it  will  be  good  to 

adopt  an  account;  which  appeared  in  the  Didas- 

kalut  (Frankfurt  am  Main),  No.  103,  April  13, 

1864,  of   Rudolph  Ackermann.     He  is  therein 

cited  as  having  occupied  one  of  the  first  places 

ammig  those  who,  by  far-sighted  and  active  occu- 

wftlony  accompanied   by  philanthropic  exertions 

ar  tiie  benefit  of  his  fellow  creatures,  had  raised 

the  character  of  the  natives  of  Germany  to  a  high 

point  of  esteem  in  other  countries.   Born  April  20, 

1764,  at  Stolberg,  in  the  Saxon  Harz,  his  sym- 

pathica  with  the  misfortunes  of  others  were  so 

'vrannly  exdted  by  the  misery  seen  around  him  in 

the  famine  of  1772-3,  that  he  frequently  in  later 

jrears  excused  the  zeal,  which  he  showed  on  other 

occaaioni^  by  pictures  of  the  distress    that  he 

experienced  when  he,  at  the  age  of  eight  years, 

was  employed  for  hours  daily  in  distributing  food 

and    money.      In   1775  his    father  removed  to 

Scfaneeberg  his  business  of  coach-building  and 

haniess-making.     There  Rudolph  received  in  the 

local  school  his  education  till  he  was  fifteen  years 

old,  and  s'^owed  a  decided  predilection  for  literary 

pursuits ;  but  as  his  father's  pecuniary  position 

did  not  warrant  the  choice  of  that  line  of  life  by 

more  than  one  son,  Rudolph  was  obliged  to  yield 

and  to  enter  the  paternal  factory.  An  elder  brother, 


Frederick,  had  set  him  the  example ;  and,  being  a 
good  draughtsman,  gave  up  his  leisure  in  order  to 
instruct  Rudolph  in  the  use  of  the  simplest  in- 
struments. The  younger  one  soon  busied  himself 
in  the  drawing-office  more  willingly  than  in  the 
workshops ;  but,  perhaps  unknown  to  himself,  he 
had  there  made  an  acquaintance  with  details 
which  subsequently  were  as  highly  important  to 
him  as  his  subsequent  visits  to  Dresden,  the  towns 
on  the  Rhine,  and  Hueningen  near  Basle.  While 
he  resided  in  Paris  he  was  the  friend  as  well  as 
the  best  pupil  of  Carrossi,  who  at  that  time  was 
the  most  esteemed  designer  of  equipages.  Thence 
he  proceeded  to  London,  where  he  was  delighted 
to  find  that  carriage-building  was  one  of  the  most 
active  occupations,  and  that  the  exercise  of  his 
talents  might  be  handsomely  rewarded.  So  for 
eight  or  ten  years  (till  1796,  IHdaskalia)  he  was 
employed  in  furnishing  the  principal  coachmakers 
with  designs  and  models  for  new  and  improved 
carriages.  The  models  of  the  state  coach  built 
at  a  cost  of  nearly  7000/.  for  the  lord-lieutenant  of 
Ireland  in  1790,  and  that  for  the  lord  mayor  of 
Dublin  in  1791,  exhibited  his  skill  and  taste. 
Here  was  a  sufficient  career  for  a  bachelor;  but 
in  that  period  he  had  married  an  Englishwoman, 
who  is  chronicled  (in  a  truly  German  point  of 
view)  as  having  no  other  dowry  than  all  the 
domestic  virtues;  and  he  provided  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  expected  family  by  establishing  at 
96,  Strand,  a  trade  in  prints,  which  that  family 
might  be  able  to  manage  if  bis  death  were  to 
occur  at  any  early  period :  this  was  removed  about 
1796  to  101,  Strand.  Previously,  in  addition,  the 
prudent  man  had  revived  a  diawing  school  at 
101,  Strand.  It  was  held  in  a  room  65  ft.  long, 
30  ft.  wide,  and  24  ft.  high,  to  which  there  was 
an  entrance  by  a  private  door  in  Fountain  Court. 
This  room  had  been  erected  upon  <ipart  of  the 
court-yard  of  Beaufort  House,  probably  when 
that  mansion  was  converted  into  tiie  Fountain 
Tavern.  The  place  had  been  previously  occupied 
bv  the  drawing  academy  of  William  Shipley 
(founder  of  the  Society  for  the  Encouragement  of 
Arts,  Manufactures,  and  Commerce),  brother  of 
Jonathan  Shipley,  bishop  of  Llandaff  and  of  St. 
Asaph.  Among  the  pupils  were  W.  Pars,  who 
diea  young  at  Rome,  0.  Smart,  and  R.  Cosway, 
R.A.  The  last-named  artist  possessed  a  pane  of 
glass  inscribed  with  the  words :  — 

"  Oh !  through  what  various  scenes  of  life  we  jrun  : 
Are  wicked  to  be  great ;  and  being  great,  undone. 

Simon  Fraser." 

These  were  supposed  to  have  been  written  by 
Lord  Lovat,  with  his  diamond  ring,  when  he  took 
refreshment  at  the  Tavern  on  the  way  fropa.  his 
trial  in  Westminster  Hall  to  the  Tower!  Tfle  tra- 
dition (or  the  truth)  gives  a  curious  impression  of 
the  manners  of  the  times  that  allowed  such  a  halt ; 
but,  on  recollecting  the  scenes  of  the  processions 


110 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»kS.lV.  Auou8t7,'W. 


to  executions  at  Tyburn,  it  seems  probable.  About 
1763,  after  Shipley,  Henry  Pars,  brother  of  the 
artist  above  named,  managed  the  school,  but 
he  retired  from  it  oefore  his  death,  which  did 
not  occur  till  May  7,  1806,  in  the  seventy-third 
year  of  his  a^e,  according  to  his  epitaph  in  the 
burial-ground  of  Pentonville  Chapel.  The  room 
was  later  known  as  the  British  Forum  while  it  was 
used  by  John  Thelwall  for  his  elocutionary  lec- 
tures. When  those  exhibitions  of  political  oratory 
were  stopped  by  Government  in  October  1794, 
the  lease  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Ackermann,  and 
the  room  was  again  used  as  a  school  for  drawing. 
A  master  for  figures,  another  for  landscape,  and 
a  third  for  architecture,  were  required  by  the 
eighty  pupils  who  were  resorting  to  it  when 
^&.  Ackermann  closed  it  about  1806,  and  there 
was  not  perhaps  anything  of  the  sort  in  London 
again,  until  Henry  Sass  opened  his  school  at  50, 
Great  Russell  Street,  in  1819.  His  exertions  in 
forming  a  business  as  a  publisher,  printseller,  and 
a  dealer  in  fancy  articles,  such  as  papers,  medal- 
lions (of  which  he  had  upwards  of  4000  patterns 
in  1810),  and  materials  K)r  artists,  had  been  so 
rewarded  that  his  success  rendered  the  conveni- 
ence of  this  room  as  a  warehouse  a  more  desirable 
object  than  the  profit  derived  from  the  school, 
wnich  was  superseded  by  a  portfolio  of  examples 
on  loan. 

During  the  period  in  which  the  French  emi- 
grants were  numerous  in  this  country,  Mr.  Acker- 
mann was  one  of  the  first  to  find  a  liberal  employ- 
ment for  them.  He  had  seldom  less  than  fifty 
nobles,  priests,  and  ladies  engaged  upon  screens, 
card-racKs,  flower-stands,  and  other  ornamental 
work.  This  manufacture  was  so  well-established 
in  favour  that  after  1802,  when  the  emigrants 
could  return  to  France,  it  furnished  employment 
for  a  great  number  of  our  compatriots  in  transfer- 
work  and  other  means  of  decoration  which  have 
since  reappeared  as  decalcomanie,  diaphanie,  poti- 
chomanie,  &c. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  century  he  was  one  of 
the  first  who  arrived  at  a  method  of  waterproofing 
paper,  leather,  woollen  stuffs,  and  felted  fabrics, 
m  which  he  obtained  for  some  time  considerable 
traffic  that  was  conducted  in  his  factory  at  Chel- 
sea. In  1805  the  preparation  of  the  car  that 
served  as  a  hearse  at  the  funeral  of  Lord  Nelson 
was  entrusted  to  him;  this  was  an  opportunity, 
which  he  did  not  fail  to  turn  to  account,  for 
showing  his  taste. 

For  counteraction  to  Napoleon's  endeavours,  by 
bridling  the  newspapers,  to  keep  his  subjects  in 
ignorance  of  evente  tnat  were  disadvantageous  to 
him,  Mr.  Ackermann  bethought  himself  of  re- 
viving, to  the  inconvenience  of  the  enemy,  the  use 
made  by  the  French  in  1794-6  of  aerostation  in 
L'Entreprenant  and  Le  T^l^macjue ;  and  he  con- 
trived a  simple  mechanism  which  would  every 


minute  detach  thirty  printed  placards  bom  a 
packet  of  8000.  Three  such  parcels  were  attached 
each  to  a  balloon  thirty-six  inches  in  diameter, 
made  of  goldbeater*8-skin,  and  committed  to  the 
air  in  the  summer  of  1807.  The  success  of  the 
machinery  was  evinced  by  the  return  of  several 
of  the  placards  to  London  from  various  parts  of 
the  country ;  for,  as  the  experiment  had  been  tried 
at  Woolwich,  in  presence  of  a  government  com- 
mission, with  a  southerly  wind,  the  balloons  had 
passed  over  Salisbiuy  and  Exeter.  A  change  in 
the  ministry  set  aside  this  scheme  of  annoyance. 

Before  any  person,  except  Mr.  Lardner  in  Pic- 
cadilly, Mr.  Winser  in  Pall  Mall,  and  Mr.  Atidos 
in  Golden  Lane,  he  adopted  the  use  of  gas  as  A 
means  of  artificial  light  to  his  premises.  He 
showed  his  judgment  by  selecting  Mr.  Clegg  of 
Manchester  for  the  maker  of  the  necessary  app^ 
ratus  to  be  erected  at  101,  Strand — fat  that  time 
each  consumer  had  to  make  the  gas  for  himself) ; 
and  his  liberal  zeal  in  furnishing  Mr.  Clegg  win 
the  means  of  making  experiments  in  manufactai% 
application,  and  remedy  of  failures,  cleared  Mr. 
C/legg^s  path  to  success  with  the  Westminster 
Gas  Company. 

The  patent  for  a  movable  axle  for  carriages 
engaged  much  of  his  attention  during  the  yean 
1818-20;  and  in  the  latter  year  a  picture  1^ 
Nigg,  in  enamel  on  china,  of  the  then  large  aiie 
of  fifteen  inches  by  twelve  inches,  as  a  present 
from  the  Archduke  John  of  Austria,  testified  thsl 

Erince*s  estimate  of  the  position  which  Mr.  Ao* 
ermann  occupied  amongst  the  promoters  of  sHy  *  ^ 
commerce,  literature,  manufactures,  and  science. 

The  establishment  of  lithography  in  England  > 
was  another  example  of  his  patient  and  persevering 
expenditure  of  money  and  time  in  the  introduce 
tion  and  improvement  of  a  novelty.  He  was  net 
content  with  translating  Alois  Senefelder's  tieik- 
tise  in  1819,  but  made  a  journey  to  the  residence 
of  that  inventor  in  order  to  exchange  the  remits 
of  their  theory  and  practice  before  producing  in 
1822  a  Complete  Course,  The  business  relations 
between  leading  artists  and  Mr.  Ackermann  en- 
abled him  to  induce  them  to  touch  the  lith'o- 
graphic  ehalk;  so  in  1817,  through  Prout  and 
others,  tbe  process  became  an  acceptable,  or  rather 
a  fashionable,  mode  of  multiplying  drawings :  for 
want  of  such  an  advantage,  the  process,  when 
introduced  into  this  country  by  Mr.  Andr^e  of 
Offenbach  in  its  original  and  rude  state,  had  re- 
ceived no  improvement;  and  all  its  subsequent 
success  may  oe  attributed  to  Mr.  Ackermann'* 
personal  emulation  of  the  progress  in  it  made  at 
Munich. 

Upon  receiving,  especially  from  Count  Schon- 
feld,  an  authentic  account  of  the  misery  produced 
in  Germany,  particularly  in  Saxony,  and  by  the 
affair  of  Leipzig  during  the  five  aays  (October 
16-19,  1813)  as  well  as  by  the  course  of  the  war, 


&  IT.  August  7,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ill 


be  temporarily  abandoned  the  oversight  of  his 
own  miudiiBriouB  oocupations  in  order  to  exert  all 
Ids  atrengtii  in  procuring  aid  for  the  sufferers. 
With  the  help  of  the  Duke  of  Sussex  he  got  a 
committee  together  in  Westminster  and  in  the 
^ty  oC  London :  the  first  obtained  a  parliament- 
arj  g^rant  of  100,000/.,  and  the  second  furnished  a 
mther  laiger  sum  in  private  contributions.  This 
was  the  occasion  on  which  the  use  of  Whitehall 
Chapel  was  granted  for  a  musical  performance 
in  aid  of  the  subscription.  For  two  years  Mr. 
Adcomann  undertook  the  task  of  correspondence 
with  the  German  committee  for  distributmg  those 
gama,  oi  examination  into  the  urgency  of  each 
appeal  for  help,  and  of  dividing  the  fund. 

The  '*  Westminster  Association  for  the  further 
Relief  of  the  Sufferers  by  the  War  in  Germany  " 
piopoeed  to  acknowledge  his  pains,  probity,  and 
fraaeiioe  by  a  silver  testimonial.  This  was  de- 
cBBed  by  mm,  as  was  also  a  vote  of  thanks  to  be 
inscribed  in  gold  on  parchment.  He  begged  that 
aU  thanka  might  be  comprised  in  a  few  auto- 
jRi^  lines  from  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 
Tbu,  annly,  was  not  the  sort  of  man  to  propose 
to  fain  a  doubtful  profit  by  ''a  satire  upon  the 
BSdoiial  clergy,''  which  was  the  object  of  the 
fflostrator  and  of  the  publisher  of  the  Tours  of 
Dr,  8ymiaXy  as  absurdly  attributed  in  dubious 
tenna  to  them  by  the  reporter  of  the  observations 
Mid  to  have  been  made  by  W.  Combe,  and  printed 
in  the  ^  Advertisement ''  prefacing  his  Letters  to 


The  relief  afforded  to  his  distressed  subjects 
IS  admowledged  on  the  part  of  the  King  of 
SazoDj  by  the  presentation  of  his  portrait  m  a 
wM.  box  set  with  diamonds  to  the  Archbishop  of 
uanierborj^,  as  president  of  the  Westminster  com- 
mittee ;  diamond  nogs  to  Messrs.  Howard,  Marten, 
and  Watson,  three  of  the  secretaries  to  it ;  as  well 
as  an  appropriate  memorial  to  those  three  gentle- 
aien  and  Mr.  Ackermann^  made  in  the  porcelain 
sanofiMstory  at  Meissen,  on  behalf  of  the  Dresden 
committee.    The  gift  to  Mr.  Ackermann  was  a 
vase  twenty-four  inches  high,  allusive  to  Trajan's 
noririon  for  children,  with  a  pair  of  groups — viz. 
Castor  and  Pollux,  Pylades  and  Orestes ;  and  in- 
stead of  the  diamond  ring,  Mr.  Ackermann  re- 
orived  the  Order  of  Civil  Merit.    On  his  visit 
many  months  afterwards  his  modesty  was  evident. 
After  an  interview  with  the  King  of  Saxony,  who, 
Dressing  his  hand,  declared  the  popular  gratitude, 
Mr.  Ackermann  on  returning  to  the  hotel  heard 
of  the  intention  of  the  municipality  of  Dresden  to 
give  him  a  fete.    When  the  managers  arrived  to 
offer  the  invitation,  they  found  that  during  the 
night  he  had  started  for  Leipzig.    There  he  could 
lot  avoid  a  public  oration ;  but  at  Zurich,  Berlin, 
Munich,  and  Hamburg  he  begged  to  be  excused 
tbe  narade  of  the  receptions  that  were  proposed, 
la  1815  a  similar  activity  was  displayed  by  Mr. 


Ackermann  in  the  collection  and  distribution  of 
300,000  thalers  for  the  relief  of  the  wounded 
Prussian  soldiers,  and  of  the  orphans  and  helpless 
parents  of  the  fallen  patriots.  These  philanthropic 
services  were  acknowledged  with  a  diamond  ring 
by  the  King  of  Prussia. 

The  influx  of  Spanish  exiles  after  1815  is 
perhaps  almost  forgotten  in  England:  in  some 
respects  it  was  as  heartrending  to  Mr.  Ackermann 
as  that  from  France  a  quarter  of  a  century  previ- 
ously, and  he  immediately  devised  a  means  of 
benefiting  permanently  several  of  the  most  dis- 
tressed amongst  them.  He  not  only  spent  large 
sums  in  procuring  Spanish  translations  of  Eng- 
lish works  and  original  Spanish  elementary  books, 
and  in  publishing  them,  but  established  branch 
book  ana  print  shops  in  many  of  the  chief  towns 
across  the  Atlantic.  The  value  of  this  contribu- 
tion to  the  advancement  of  Southern  America  was 
acknowledged  by  President  Bolivar  in  a  letter 
dated  at  Bogota,  December  15, 1827.  About  fifty 
volumes  and  half  as  many  school-books  had  been 
thus  published  before  1830. 

Amongst  the  cases  of  assistance  to  individuals 
which  did  honour  to  him  a  few  became  public. 
The  case  of  Mrs.  Bowdich  in  1824  was  adopted 
by  the  LUerary  Gazette  and  by  him ;  and  one  of 
the  journals  of  that  date  says :  — 

*'  Fortunate  indeed,  then,  for  an  individual  to  meet  with 
such  an  advocate.  We  know  that  the  exertions  of  Mr. 
Ackermann  are  indefatigable  in  this  particular  case." 

The  discretion  which  he  exercised  in  choosing 
his  subordinates,  and  the  liberal  manner  in  which 
he  repaid  their  services,  enabled  him  to  produce 
several  books  which  deserve  the  notice  of  all 
those  who  know  how  to  appreciate  the  merit  of 
these  illustrated  works  in  colour,  relatively  to 
others  of  similar  pretension,  both  of  that  time 
and  of  the  present  day.  With  aquatinters  like  S. 
Mitan,  and  the  school  of  hand-colourists  which 
Mr.  Ackermann  educated,  the  works  of  artbts 
were  copied,  and  the  sketches  of  amateurs  were 
produced,  in  a  manner  that  derides  such  distant 
imitations  as  those  in  Mr.  Hotten's  edition  of  Dr. 
Syntax^  and  surpasses  even  the  best  chromolitho- 
graphs of  the  present  time,  which  can  compete 
with  them  on  no  ground  but  that  of  a  cheapness 
of  production,  which,  for  several  reasons,  does  not 
benefit  the  purchaser.  Amongst  such  works  that 
pass  under  nis  name  for  want  of  a  known  author, 
or  that  present  an  author's  name  on  the  title-page, 
may  be  specified  under  abbreviated  titles  the  fol- 
lowing publications  :  — 1809-10,  Microcosm  of 
London,  104  pi.  after  Pugin  and  Rowlandson,  witn 
text  to  the  first  two  volumes  by  W.  H.  Pyne 
(whence  it  is  sometimes  confused  vrith  Pyne's 
Microcosm) J  but  to  the  third  volume  by  W. 
Combe.  1812,  Westminster  Abbey ^  84  pi.  after 
Pugin,  Huett,  and  Mackenzie,  with  text  by  Combe. 
1813,  Historical  Sketch  of  Moscow,  12  pi.     1814, 


112 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [4th  s. iv.  august  7, •». 


TJniversUy  of  Oxford^  84  pi.  after  Nash,  Pyne, 
Pugin,  Mackenzie,  &c.,  witn  text  by  Combe ;  and 
the  supplementary  Portraits  of  the  Founders^  32 
pi. ;  and  the  Costumey  17  pi.  after  Uwins.     1816, 

University  of  CamhHdgej  81  pi.,  with  text  by 
Combe;  and  the  supplementary  Portraits  of 
Founders^  16  pi.  ;  and  the  Costume^  14  pi. 
1816,  Colleges  of  Winchester,  Eton,  and  Westmin- 
ster, with  the  Charter  House,  the  Free  Schools  of 
St.  Paul,  Merchant  Taylors\  Harrow  and  Rughy, 
and  the  School  of  Christ's  Hospital,  48  pi.,  with 
text  by  Combe,  except  for  Winchester,  Eton  and 
Harrow  Ttext  by  W.  H.  Pyne.  Mr.  Hotten's 
memoir  of  Combe  differently  excepts  Winchester, 
Harrow,  and  Rugby  ;  but  the  statement  here 
made  had  the  authority  of  Mr.  Ackermann,  who 
was  not  likely  to  except  Eton  if  Combe  had 
written  it.)  1820,  Picturesque  Tour  along  the  Rhine, 
24  pL,  by  J.  G.  von  Gerning.  1820,  Picturesque 
Illustrations  of  Buenos  Ayres  and  Monte  Video,  24 

51.,  with  text  by  E.  E.  Vidal.  1820,  Picturesque 
'^ our  of  the  English  Lakes,  48  pi.  after  Fielding 
and  Walton.  1821,  Picturesque  Tour  of  the  Seine, 
24  pi.  after  Pugin  and  Gendall.  1824,  Picturesque 
Tour  of  the  Ganges  and  Jwrma,  24  pi.,  by  C.  R. 
Forrest.  1826,  Scenery,  ^c.  of  India,  24  pi.,  by 
R.  M.  Grindlay.  1828,  Picturesque  Tour  of  the 
Thames,  24  pi.  after  Westall  and  Owen. 

All  these  were  described  as  elephant  4to  except 
Capt.  Grindlay's  atlas  plates.  They  form  a  series 
which  has  not  yet  been  paralleled,  and  which  is 
likely  to  maintain  that  reputation.  It  is  not  sup- 
posed that  these  works  repaid  the  risk  (in  some 
cases  the  actual  cost)  of  production.  His  losses 
upon  them  were  partly  compensated  bjr  the  ex- 
traordinary success  of  smaller  publications  that 
were  illustrated  in  a  similar  manner.  The  chief 
of  these  was  the  Hepository  of  Arts,  Literature, 
Fashions,  Manufactures,  8fc.,  which  before  the 
end  of  its  first  year  (1809)  had  attained  the  num- 
ber of  3000  subscribers,  and  was  continued  by 
him  until  the  end  of  1828,  being  during  the  whole 
of  that  period  imder  the  management  of  Frederic 
Shoberl  as  general  editor,  with  the  assistance  of 
Lewis  Engelbach  as  reviewer  of  music  in  criti- 
cisms which  may  be  usefully  studied  by  the  most 
successful  living  contributors  to  the  press.  Its 
first  series  (1809-15)  was  distinguished  by  papers 
called  Observations  on  the  Fine  Arts,  from  a  cor- 
respondent signing  "  Juninus,"  whose  earliest  com- 
munications were  scarcely  decipherable  through 
his  wish  to  be  anonymous:  tney  ceased  when 
Mr.  Ackermann  transmitted  in  gold  his  apprecia- 
tion of  the  papers  to  the  person  who,  he  felt 
assured,  had  supplied  them.  That  series  gave 
Howitt's  British  Sports,  30  ph  1809-11.  The 
third  series  (1823-28)  contained-  the  History  of 
the  English  Drama  by  W.  C.  Stafford  of  York. 
Other  constant  contributors  were  F.  Accum  till 
his  exile  about  1820,  J.  M.  Lacey,and  W.  Carey. 


But  the  most  prolific  source  of  matter  was  W. 
Combe,  who  supplied  the  papers  entitled  the 
Modem  Spectator,  1811-15;  the  Cogitations  of 
Johannes  Scriblertts,  1814-16 ;  the  Female  Tatler, 
1816-21;  and  the  Adviser,  1817-22;  besidea 
Amelia's  Letters,  1809-11,  which  were  republished 
(with  his  name)  as  the  Letters  between  Amdia  in 
London  and  her  Mother  in  the  Country,  1824.  The 
value  of  the  materials  in  the  Repository  was  shown 
by  the  success  which  attended  the  issue  of  them 
in  separate  volumes.  It  supplied  Letters  from  Italy ^ 
by  Lewis  Engelbach,  1809-13,  reprinted  as  NiqJei 
and  the  Campagna  Felice,  with  17  pi.  by  Row- 
landson,  1815 ;  Select  Views  of  London,  76  pL, 
with  text  by  J.  B.  Papworth,  1810-15,  rep.  1816} 
Designs  for  Furniture,  76  pi.  (the  first  series), 
1809-15,  reprinted  as  the  Upholsterer's  and  Cabi^ 
netmaker's  Repository,  1816 ;  Architectural  SuUip 
27  pi.  by  J.  B,  Papworth,  1816-7,  reprinted  as 
Rural  Residences,  1819;  /Sentimental  Travels  to 
(Tour  in  the)  the  South  of  France,  18  pi.  after 
Rowlandson,  1817-20,  rep.  1821 ;  Picturesque  Tout 
from  Geneva  to  Milan  by  Way  of  the  Simpbmf 
1818-20, 36  pL,  with  text  by  F.  Shoberl,  rep.  1820; 
Pictorial  Cards,  1818-9,  rep.  1819;  Hints  on  Orna- 
mental Gardening,  34  pi.  by  J.  B.  Papworth,  retp. 
1823 ;  Picturesque  Tour  from  Berne  through  tM 
Oberland,, 17  pi.,  1821-22,  rep.  1824 ;  Dengna  0f 
Household  Furniture  and  Decoration  (the  seoona 
series),  1816-22,  rep.  1823;  Viexos  of  Cowtr^ 
Seats  of  the  Royal  Family,  Nobility,  and  Gentry. 
of  England,  after  W.  Westall,  T.  H.  Shephon^ 
and  others,  but  chiefly  J.  Gendall  (now  livino;  in 
DevonshireJ),  and  Frederick  Wilton  Litchneld 
Stockdale  (then  lately  of  the  H.  E.  L  C.  service; 
and  author,  in  1824,  of  Excursions  through  Com- 
wair\,  50  pi.,  1823-28,  rep.  1828 ;  and  Designs  fot 
Gothic  Furniture,  27  pi.  after  A.  Pugin,  rep.  1828^ 
To  these  republications  may  be  added  tnose  of 
the  Female  Fashions,  chiefly  engraved  by  J.  S. 
Agar  in  the  Repository,  which,  with  the  BrUul^ 
Fashions  for  1803  and  1804,  will  hereafter  be  inir 
portant  materials  for  the  history  of  costume. 

W.P. 

{To  be  continued^ 


HORACE,  CARM.  I.  28. 


I  am  one  who,  with  some  of  the  ablest  of  the 
German  critics,  think  I  discern  the  hand  of  aa 
interpolator  in  several  of  the  odes  of  Horace.  In 
the  appendix  to  the  third  edition  of  my  Mythology 
of  Greece  and  Italy  I  have  noticed  a  great  num- 
ber of  these  apparent  interpolations,  and  given  the 
grounds  on  which  they  have  been  suspected  by 
myself  and  others ;  and  in  a  preceding  volume  of 
the  present  series  of  *'  N.  &  Q."  I  have  added  a 
few  more.  I  have  just  discovered  the  following 
one,  and  with  it  I  expect  my  dealings  with  Honoe 
will  terminate. 


»s.iT.Anon8T7,'fl9.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  113 

MIS3  BENGER:  "THE  PERCY  ANECDOTES." 


This  ode,  it  will  be  seen,  is  a  dialogue  between 
k  shipmaster  and  tbe  departed  spirit  of  the  Pytha-  | 
gorean  philosopher  Arohjtas.  It  is  amccbceic, 
and  therefore,  as  we  mav  see  in  Theocritus  ana 
Virgil,  tbe  speeches  should  be  of  eijual  length.  But 
it  consists  of  nine  four-lined  slauzns,  and  conae- 

Sueatlv  there  is  one  too  much  or  one  too  little. 
think  tlie  former  is  the  cose ;  and,  as  I  believe 
those  critics  to  be  right  who  make  tbe  speech  of 
Archjtaa  commence  with  ''Me  ijuoqua,"  &c. 
(T.  21),  I  regard  the  fifth  stanza  (yv.  17-20)  as 
being  a  gift  bt^owed  on  the  poet  b;  the  gene-  i 
rodtjr  of  tbe  interpolator— a  view  in  which,  as  I 

C'  aps  elsewhere,  I  may  have  been  preceded  by  | 
Ikamp,  to  whose  work  I  have  not  access. 

As  is  the  case  with  these  interpolatiuns  in  ' 
geneikl,  tbe  fifth  stanza  is  quite  superfiuous.  The 
■Mda  had  given  instances  of  those  who  were  i 
the  nUMt  likely  to  have  escaped  death,  and  yet  I 
wkohkdnoti  and  he  concludes  with  the  reflec- 
tion that  death  is  inevitable.  What,  then,  was 
the  aead  of  ^oing,  as  we  may  sav,  over  the  same  ' 
grotmd  and  in  so  diffuae  a  manner  Then  when 
we  look  it  the  verses  themselves  we  may  see  at 
OBoe  that  tbey  are  not  II  ratia  but  like  those 
of  the  interpolator  in  general — who  no  doubt  waa 
a  Qrammalii^a — smack  of  othtr  authors.  Thus 
the  last  line  evidentiv  alludei  to  the  death  of 
Dido  in  the  "  j^^neiR  a  poem  not  written  till 
duny  years  after  this  ode,  and  in  the  strange  and 
■Imost  ludicrous  use  of  the  Terb  fi^it,  a  passage 
of  Lucan's  Thnrsalia  (ii.  75),  was  evidently  in  the 
writer's  mind.  So  in  another  of  these  interpolated 
ctBitzitB  fiii.  16,  29-32)  we  meet  with  fallU  in  a 
Mnae  ■which  it  only  lias  in  Propertins,  i.  4,  16, 
whence  it  has  evidently  been  derived.  The  first 
Une  also  waa  probably  su^frested  by  a  passage  in 
die  aeventh  book  of  the  "  .^aeis,"  of  which  poem 
we  an  also  reminded  in  tbe  third  line.  The  con- 
Tincins'  proof,  however,  with  me  is  the  breach  of 
the  roles  of  amteba^ic  poetry,  a  difficulty  which  I 
Me  no  way  of  getliug  over.      Tnos.  Kbibhtlf-t. 

P.S.  In  what  I  wrote  not  very  long  since  in 
"N.ft^"on  the  subject  of  the  "FonsBandusias," 
I  showed  that  the  verb  desUittnt  proved  de- 
ddedly  that  it  could  not  have  heen  the  fount  near 
VeniWL  It  was  then  in  the  same  valley  in 
which  tbe  w^a  of  Horace  lay,  and  through  which 
the  stream  of  the  Digentia  ran.  It  is  my  opinion 
that  it  maj  have  been  the  source  of  this  stream, 
and  I  therefore  render  rivo  "  the  stream,"  and  see 
a  little  touch  of  quiet  humour  in  the  poet's  thus 
saying  that  the  stream  should  have  been  called 
Bandusia.  It  may  bo  said,  no  doubt,  that  there 
were  tvroybn^^  in  the  valley,  and  that  the  stream 
bom  the  Bandusia  ran  into  the  Digentia,  but  that 
I  regard  as  rather  improbable.  By  the  war,  is 
the  Fonie  Sella  at  tbe  present  day  the  head  of  the 
If  itie,I  am  right;  if  not,  I  may  be  in 


a  note  on  "  Gigmamty  "  (4"'  S.  iii.  659),  I 
d  from  the  John  Sail  of  Jan.  18,  1824,  a 
nent  the  effect  of  which  is  to  as^mi  the 
luthorship  of  The  Perci/ Anecdote)  to  MissBenger, 
md  not  to  Messrs,  Robertson  and  Byerley  (4""  S. 
ii.  605),  Can  further  evidence  be  adduced  to 
connect  Misa  Benger  with  the  authorship  (sole  OT 
in  part)  of  that  well-known  seriesP  and,  who  waa 
this  Miss  Benger?*  I  conclude  that  she  is  the 
same  person  who  is  mentioned  in  the  following 
passage  from  "  My  Acquaintance  with  the  late 
Edmund  Kean,  by  T.  C.  Grattan,  Esq.,"  pub- 
lished in  T/>e  New  Monthly  Magaane,  Sept.  1833 
(xxiij.  13):- 

"I  dined  BevcTil  times  at  blohooae.  [In  LopdoD,ieiT.J 

1  there  met,  aa  asual,  extremely  good  company.  But 
Misa  Plamtree,  Misa  Spence,  a  novelist,  Misa  Benger,  a 
woman  of  liigher  talents,  and  CDptain  Glascock,  aatbor 
of  Tht  Naval  Slixtck-book,  were  the  only  persona  then  or 
since  connected  with  literature  whom  1  recollect  lo  have 
teen  at  these  parties.  Kean's  aaaaciates  wore  certainly 
not  homma  de  IcUra." 

There  were  two  Misses  Plumptre,  sisters  of  the 
Rev.  James  Plumptre,  B.D.,  Rector  of  Great 
Gi'anaden,  Iluntingdonabire,  and  daughters  of  Dr. 
Pluuiptro,  President  of  Queen's,  Cambridge ;  and 
the  list  of  works  published  by  the  two  sisters  and 
their  brother  is  very  lengthy.  Miss  Spence  was 
author  of  Htlen  Sinclair,  The  Nobility  of  the  Heart, 
and  other  novels,  that  obtained  a  certain  amount 
of  popularity  in  the  earlv  part  of  the  centurfi 
Of  Miss  Benger  I  find  the  following  notice,  in 
A  Biographic^  Dictionary  of  the  Living  Author/  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  published  by  Colbuin, 
1816:  — 

"Bkboeh,  Miss  Elizabetq  Ooilvv.— TAj  fmnfc 
Ceniarf,  a  poem  (written  at  the  age  of  thirteen), 4to,  1791. 
The  Abalitim  of  the  Slave  Trade,  a  poem  (printed  with 
Montgomety'i  and  Gtahame'a  piecea  on  the  same  subject 
by  Bowver),  4to,  1809.  The  Heart  and  the  Fancy,  a 
tale,  2  vols.  12mo,  1813.  Klopiloek'i  Letleri,  from  the 
Gennan.  forming  a  seqoel  to  hia  Life,  by  Misa  Smith, 

2  vols,  IB13." 

Was  ahe  one,  if  not  both,  of  "  the  Brothers  Percy 
of  Mont  Benger"P  or  did  she  assist  Messrs,  Byerlay 
and  Robertson  in  the  compilation  of  the  Anecdotes  T 
I  may  add,  that  the  Catalogue  of  the  London 
Library  (3rd  edition,  p.  679)  also  ascribes  the 
authorship  of  The  Percy  Anecdotes  to  "  Thoa. 
I  Byerley  and  J,  C,  Robertson  "—the  date  of  pub- 
I  lication  being  1820-23,  and  Misa  Benger's  name 
'  does  not  appear  in  that  voluminous  catalogue. 
From  another  aonrce  I  find  that  MissBenger  died 
in  1827,  and  that  ahe  was  also  the  authoress  of 
I  memoirs  of  Mrs.  E.  Hamilton,  Anna  Boleyn,  and 
I  the  Queen  of  Bohemia.  Cttthbibt  Beds. 

'  [•  ElizabethOgilvyBengeidiedonJan, 3,1827,  Thers 
,  is  an  excdlent  n<^ce  of  bar  literary  career  in  tlie  Oaidt- 
I  maa't  Blag,  for  March,  1B27,  p.  2T8.-ED.1 


114 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»»  S.  IV.  August  7,  »fi9. 


Book  Inscription. — The  following  lines  occur 
in  MS.  on  the  first  leaf  of  a  volume  in  the  library 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  of  which  the  title 
is  Sermones  parati  de  tempore  et  de  Sanctis,  It  has 
no  date  or  place  or  printer's  name,  but  was 
printed  before  1500  (Hain,  Repertorium  BibUo- 
ffraphicum^  No.  12404).  The  writing  is  quite  as 
early  as  the  volume  itself:  — 

«  y«  y«  art  a  lett'  m&  &  lyst  loke  on  a  boke 
y*  y*  fyngere  be  not  fowll  loke  •  loke  •  loke  • 
be  lyke  a  clerke  I  clennes  &;  cOterfet  no  coke 
y*  slatterd  is  in  sluttjch  w^  smother  &  w^  smoke 
And  ywfor  wach  ^ine  hande  at  eu*y  tyme  al  daye  i  y« 

woke 
Wen  J>ay  be  fowle  &  make  )>&  clen  wyt  y«  wat*  of  y 

broke 
Turn  fayr  yi  boke  &  ren  no  lefe  ne  no  leyf  loke  y«  croke 
yf  y«do  bus  Jjftmayy*  wele  bodlych  vnbokyle  a  boke." 

William  Aldis  Wright. 
Trin.  Coll.,  Cambridge. 

The  Photographer's  Adage. — 

**  When  the  wind  blows  from  the  north, 
Take  not  the  wretched  sitter  forth  ; 
When  the  wind  blows  from  the  east. 
Take  twice  ten  seconds  at  the  least ; 
When  the  wind  blows  from  the  west^ 
In  twice  ten  seconds  'tis  impressed ; 
Bnt  when  the  wind  blows  from  the  sooth. 
In  ten  yon  have  eyes,  nose,  and  mouth.'* 

T.D. 

John  Wesley.  —  I  do  not  know  whether  the 
accompanying  letter  has  ever  been  printed.  If 
you  think  it  likely  to  interest  your  readers,  it  is 
quite  at  your  service.  W.  H.  Bliss. 

Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  July  12, 1869. 

BauHinaon  Letters^  Vol,  xxix..  No.  102,  Bodleian  Library, 


"Sir, 


"  C.  C.  C,  Sept'  24, 1744. 


**Toar  last  requires  little  more  besides  the  acknow- 
ledging the  favour  of  it.  D*^  Richard  Pococke  you  men- 
tion was  admitted  Clerk  of  our  College  on  the  Z^  of 
febmary,  1721,  and  took  his  degrees  in  Law,  as  you 
observe.  The  affair  of  Wesly  I  have  had  but  little  con- 
cern in,  besides  the  mortification  of  hearing  him  preach 
for  about  an  hour  or  more :  For  when  I  sent  the  Beadle 
for  his  Notes,  which  he  delivered  to  me  sealed  up,  he  told 
me  it  was  well  he  went  so  soon  for  'em,  for  he  found  him 
preparing  to  go  out  of  town.  I  was  at  Queen's  College 
when  the  notes  were  brought  to  me,  before  12  o'clodc, 
where  I  was  engaged  as  one  of  M*^  MichelVs  Trustees  for 
his  Benefaction  there  in  auditing  the  year's  Account,  as 
he  by  his  Will  has  appointed  to  t^  on  every  Bartholomew 
day.  Being  thus  disappointed  of  summoning  M'  Weslpr 
before  proper  persons,  I  thoiight  it  adviseable  to  keep  his 
notes  in  my  own  Custody  till  the  Vice-Che  came  home, 
who  was  expected  in  a  little  time :  and  to  whom  I  de- 
liver'd  'em  as  I  received  'em,  only  not  under  seal.  I 
suppose  it  will  not  be  long  ere  the  Vice-Ch'  does  some- 
thing in  that  affair,  tho'  it  is  now  a  busy  time  with  him, 
rast  at  the  removal  of  the  office  from  himself  to  the 
Sector  of  Lincoln,  where  Wesly  is  still  Fellow.    I  am, 

Sir,  your  very  humble  servant, 

Jo.  Mather." 

Chaitceb's  ''  ScHippES  HoppESTEBES." — When 
Chaucer  wrote   his  "Schippes  Hoppesteres"  he 


was  translating  Boccacdo^s  Navi  BeUatrici.  Is  it 
not  probable  that  his  copy  was  mis-written,  or  by 
him  mis-read  "  baUatrici "  ?  W.  P.  P. 

Birds*  Egos  unlucky  to  keep. — A  native  of 
Kent  lately  gave  me  a  collection  of  the  eggs  of 
British  wild  birds,  but  with  a  strict  injunction  not 
to  retain  the  possession  of  them,  as  the  keeping  of 
them  would  be  very  unlucky.  Is  this  supersti- 
tion general  ?  Edwaed  J.  Wood. 

Sir  John  Herschel  at  the  Cape. — I  read  in 
a  late  number  of  The  Athenteum  that  "  few  echoes 
of  what  Sir  John  Herschel  did  at  the  Cape  have 
reached  England.''  I  have  always  understood 
that,  during  the  four  years  Sir  John  Herschel 
spent  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  (1834-8),  he 
examined  the  whole  southern  celestial  hemi- 
sphere ;  and  on  his  return  to  England,  the  results 
of  this  expedition  were  published  in  a  large  quarto 
volume,  at  the  expense  of  the  then  Duke  of 
Northumberland:  for  which  work  the  Astrono- 
mical Society  voted  the  author  a  fitting  testi- 
monial. Now,  to  term  this  big  book  "  few  echoes,*' 
is  more  depreciatory  than  the  lady's  remark  thaty 
during  Herschel's  stay  at  the  Cape,  he  had  com- 
pletely "  rummaged  the  heavens. 

<  Fiat  Justttia. 

Notice  op  the  Discovert  op  a  Cornish  Mts- 
TERT  Play. — I  make  the  following  extract  from 
The  AthencBum  of  July  3,  hoping  that  some  par- 
ticulars respecting  the  title  and  contents  of  thiB, 
old  Cornish  mystery  will  be  thereby  elicited : — 

**Mr.  Wynne  of  Peniarth,  in  cataloguing,  with  the  as- 
sistance of  the  Rev.  Robert  Williams,  author  of  A  OonoA 
Dictionary^  &c.  the  collection  of  Hengwrt  and  Peniarth 
MSS.,  has  discovered  a  Cornish  '  mystery '  which  is  be> 
lieved  to  be  unique."  Only  three  of  these  mysteries  weie 
heretofore  known  ;  this  is  a  fourth." 

E.  H.  W.  D. 

Greenwich. 


<k\xtxxti. 

DESCENDANTS  OF  LIEUTENANT  WADE  AND ' 
ENSIGN  MAYLEM. 

Je  crois  etre  agr^able  a  vos  lecteurs,  en  leur 
faisant  part  d'un  trait  d'humanit^  bien  naturel 
aux  grandes  ames,  mais  encore  assez  rare  de  nos 
jours,  de  la  part  d'un  ai'eul  d'un  de  mes  compa- 
triotes,  habitant  comme  moi  la  ville  de  Tours. 

Jean-Francois  de  Martel,  actuellement  inspec- 
teur  des  domaines  a  Tours,  serait  heureux  de 
savoir  s'il  existe  en  Angleterre  des  descendants 
des  deux  officiers  dont  il  est  question  dans  ce 
r^cit. 

Votre  estimable  feuille,  en  publiant  cette  lettre 
dont  je  n*ai  voulu  rien  changer  quant  au  fond  ni 
a  la  forme,  et  qui  est  une  pi^ce  authentique,  fera 
un  grand  plaisir  aux  descenaants  de  Jean-Baptiste- 


4*  S.  IV.  August  7,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


115 


Ghr^goire  Martel  le  bienfaiteur,  et  je  n'en  doute 
pas  aux  ofiiciers  Simon  Wade  et  John  Maylem 
qui  ont  re^u  le  bienfait. 

D'Orange, 
Le  Conservateur  de  la  Bibliotb^que  de 

Tours. 
Toors,  ce  22  juillet  1869. 

*  To  all  Land  and  Sea  Officers,  Civil  and  Military,  and 
all  People  of  the  English  Nation,  Greeting. 

"  It  is  -with  the  greatest  pleasure  and  satisfaction  we 
mite  this  memorial,  which,  from  the  deep  sense  we  have 
cf  the  obligations  we  lay  under  to  Monsieur  Martel, 
iodnces  us  in  point  of  gratitude  to  pay  our  sincere  acknow- 
ledgements for  the  many  favours  received  from  him  and 
fkmily ;  the  occasion  of  which,  in  as  few  words  as  possible, 
ve  aluU  relate :  — 

"  Doubtlesfl,  Gentlemen,  you  have  had  intelligence  of 
the  transactions  upon  the  surrender  of  Fort  William  Heni^ 
en  JjMkt  Huron.    VV^e  were  two  of  those  whose  fate  it 


to  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  savages,  contrar}'  to  the 

of  ctpitulation,  wherein  we  were  to  march  off 

nitb  aU  the  honours  of  war,  under  an  escort  of  a  large 

body  of  Freodi  regulars,  to  Fort  Edward ;  but  they  being 

under  no  command,  we  were  hurried  off  by  them  and 

bfootgiht  prifpners  to  Montreal,  and  kept  by  them  without 

the  city  i^on  the  green  for  the  space  of  two  or  three 

daja,    Danng  which  time  Monsieur  Martel^  with  inde- 

A^gable  labour,  applied  himself  very  closely  to  procure 

oar  redemption,  sticking  at  no  pains  where  he  had  any 

gfimpse  or  prospect  of  procuring  our  releasement;  and 

eren  interested  himself  so  far  in  the  affair  as  often  to 

ttdanger  himself,  with  no  other  view,  as  we  have  since 

fcond,  than  purely  to  regain  us  our  liberty ;  which  we 

lad  no  sooner  accomplished,  but  his  lady  in  a  sedan  Csic) 

ht  condncted  ns  to  his  house,  where  we  were  in  the  best 

■tnner  clothed  and  entertained  to  the  extent  of  every- 

fldng  the  place  could  afford,  until  he  procured  us  a  room, 

ad  provided  for  ns  in  a  very  decent  and  genteel  manner, 

fftwiag  us  daily  instances  of  his  favours,  limited  not  to  us 

«o1t  bat  extended  to  all  the  other  officers  that  were  before 

aadf  afterwards  taken  in  the  same  manner  as  ourselves. 

Hot  did  his  generosity  rest  until  even  the  meanest  soldier 

luid  sensibly  felt  the  liberal  dealings  of  his  hands. 

••  Frmn  all  which,  with  a  variety  of  other  instances  of 
his  kindness  we  could  mention,  would  earnestly  recom- 
■end  it  to  you  gentlemen,  if  it  ever  should  be  his  or  any 
of  his  family's  fate  through  chance  or  the  fortune  of  war, 
to  be  in  our  condition,  you  would  treat  him  in  such  a 
laauMt  as  might  give  them  occasion  to  speak  in  the 
MM  language  of  us  as  we  do  with  pleasure  now  of  them. 
**  We  are  sure  no  true  Englishman,  who  by  nature  are 
bero&c  and  generous,  would  misuse  a  prisoner  because  he 
was  so  onlncky  as  to  fall  into  his  hands,  and  certainly  a 
gentleman  by  nature — a  foe  to  our  country — whose  gene- 
rosity has  laid  ns  under  such  infinite  obligations  to  him, 
can  never  meet  with  too  much  civility  and  respect. 

**  Bat  not  to  enlarge,  as  what  we  have  said  is  hearty 
and  sincere,  conclude, 

"  Gentlemen, 

"  ¥«■  most  Obedient 

"  Servants, 
"  Simon  Wade,  Lieutenant, 
John  Maylem,  Ensign. 
"  Honsiear  Martel, 

Montreal,  August  25, 1757. 

**  Thomas  Shaw, 
Cap*»  in  the 

New  Jersey  Regiment." 


Aryal-Breaj)  :  Aryal-Suppee  :  a.  Fttnsral 
Feast  in  Yokshiee. — Is  there  any  connection 
between  this  latter  and  the  Ajrvals,  an  order  of 
fossores  which  existed  at  Kome  in  early  times  P 
Concerning  these  latter  several  facts  have  come 
out  in  De  Kossi's  BuUetini,  and  any  circumstances 
which  might  connect  these  latter  with  the  York- 
shire Arval  would  be  very  interesting. 

Ale.  Prabsoit. 

Alctjin's  Bible. — 

"  Alcuin  wrote  out  with  his  own  hand  a  transcript  of 
the  Bible,  which  he  presented  to  the  Emperor,  and  which 
was  formerly  in  the  possession  of  M.  Passevant,  but  is 
now  preserved  in  the  British  Museum." — J.  Mozley 
Stark*s  CatcUogue^  July,  1869. 

I  have  been  informed  that  this  tradition  is 
wholly  groundless,  and  hope  that  in  the  pages  of 
so  widely  circulated  a  periodical  as  "  N.  &  Q."  a 
correct  statement  may  be  furnished  of  the  facts 
connected  with  the  celebrated  manuscript  referred 
to,  showing  where^  if  it  really  exists,  it  is  now 
deposited;  whether  in  Home^  or  in  Pans,  or 
elsewhere.  Biblioxhecar.  Chetham. 

BiBLiooRAPHiCAL  QUERIES.  —  1.  There  is  a 
curious  old  work  in  the  library  of  the  British 
Museum,  describing  the  proceedings  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Constance,  which  was  printed  at  Augsburg 
in  1483.  It  is  a  small  folio,  black-letter,  and  is 
adorned  with  a  great  many  quaint  coloured  wood- 
cuts and  coats  of  arms.  Is  this  volume  unique  ? 
I  have  never  met  with  it  in  sale  catalogues,  and 
do  not  find  it  mentioned  in  Dibdin's  Decameron, 

2.  How  many  copies  of  the  latter  work  were 
printed?  Have  there  ever  been  any  imperfect 
copies,  or  odd  volumes,  in  the  market? 

.   F.M.  S. 

Bland-dyze,  or  Blan-dyke,  a  Term  for  a 
Day  of  Kecreatiox  at  Stonyhurst  CoLLEeE, 
Lancashire. — This  curious  expression  I  have 
often  heard  made  use  of  by  the  students  of  this 
well-known  institution  to  denote  their  day  of 
recreation,  Thursday,  once  a  month.  The  word 
itself  suggests  a  Flemish  or  Dutch  origin.  As 
the  present  possessors  of  Stonyhurst  arrived  in 
this  country  in  1794  from  Liege,  Belgium,  bein£ 
driven  out  of  their  possessions  by  the  French 
Ke volution,  could  it  be  possible,  Mr.  Editor, 
that  this  term  w&s  imported  also  from  Flanders? 
Perhaps  some  of  your  numerous  contributors  may 
be  able  to  inform  me  whether  the  name  of  Blana- 
dyke  is  the  Flemish  for  a  day  of  recreation  or  not  ? 

George  Montoomsry. 

Kensington. 

Chemitype.  —  In  a  review  of  Professor  Ste- 
phens' work  on  Northern  Antiquities,  in  The 
Atherusum  of  July  17,  the  illustrations  of  the 
book  are  said  to  be  executed  by  this  process, 
which  appears  to  be  unknown,  or  at  least  unused, 


116 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4tt»  S.  IV.  August  7,  '69. 


in  EDfflancL    Where  can  I  find  a  description  of 
it?  R  M.  S. 

Castles  in  the  Aib  (4»>»  S.  iv.  13.)— Why  do 
our  neighbours,  the  French,  term  these  unsub- 
stantial creations  of  the  fancy  '^  des  chateaux  en 
Espagne  "  ?  E.  V. 

Ebctlla's  "  ABATTCAisrA." — ^I  believe  the  Arau^ 
cana  of  ErciUa  was  translated  into  English  the 
beginning  of  the  last  century.  I  should  be  glad 
to  know  Dy  whom.  Also,  the  author  of  a  Tour 
m  South  America  about  thirty  or  forty  years  ago, 
which  had  fre5[uent  reference  to  the  poem  of 
ErcUla,  which  it  much  illustrated.  Is  there  any 
work  in  which  there  is  a  detailed  comparison  of 
the  three  contemporary  epics  of  Tasso,  Camoens, 
and  Ercilla, — I  mean  more  than  may  be  found  in 
such  works  as  Hallam  and  Ticknor  ?    W.  M.  M. 

Halp-a-Dozen  Historical  Qxteries.  —  1. 
What  is  the  present  condition  of  the  Abbey  of 
Fescamp,  Normandy  ? 

2.  Montfaucon  has  engraved,  in  his  Monumens 
de  la  Monarchic  fran^iscj  the  tomb  of  King 
Philippe  of  France  from  St  Benoit-sur-Loire,  on 
which  appear  statues  of  Robert  Courthose,  Wil- 
liam Rums,  &C.  (Monumensy  i.  plate  Iv.)  Are 
the  tomb  and  statues  still  in  existence  ? 

3.  What  was  the  worth  of  a  nound  Angevin  ? 

4.  Is  there  any  Hst  of  the  Aobesses  of  Font6- 
vraud,  especially  with  dates  attached  ?  [I  asked 
this  once  before,  some  time  since,  but  obtained 
no  answer.] 

5.  Edwurd  I.  consented  by  treaty  to  deliver  to 
Philippe  rV.  of  France  the  following  places  in  his 

.  French  dominions :  Thalamond,  Turon,  Punirol, 
Penne,  and  Montflaukin.  (Fosdera,  i.  ii.  794.) 
What  are  the  modem  names  ?  Were  two  of  them 
identical  with  iHgnerol  and  Montfaucon  ? 

6.  "Henry  [if]  himself  is  said  at  these  mo- 
ments [of  anger]  to  have  become  like  a  wild 
beast;  his  eyes,  naturally  dove-like  and  quiet, 
seemed  to  flash  lightning ;  his  hands  struck  and 
tore  at  whatever  came  in  their  way."  I  find  this 
quoted  in  a  magazine  from  ''one  of  the  most 
learned  and  gifted,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
elegant  writers  of  the  present  day  " — information 
whereby  I  am  informea  of  nothing.  Can  any  one 
kindly  give  me  a  common-sense  reference  to 
chapter  and  page,  as  well  as  author  P 

Hebmentrude. 

Hogarth's  "Lady's  last  Stake." — Does  any 
engraving  exist  of  Hogarth's  picture  of  "The 
Lady's  last  Stake  "  in  Lord  Charlemont's  eaUery, 
of  a  size  suitable  for  binding  with  the  foSo  edi- 
tion of  his  worirs  ?  H.  H. 

Portsmouth. 

Metrical  Prophecy. — Is  this  prediction,  which 
has  been  going  round  the  newspapers,  genuine  or 
spurious  P  — 


" That  the  Primate  is  a  Scotchman  has 

come  to  be  talked  and  written  about,  in  connection  with 
a  curious  ancient  prophe<7. 

"  In  an  epilogue  delivered  at  the  Globe  Theatre  in 
1601,  by  Richard  Bnrbage,  there  occunred  the  following 
sentences:  — 

*  A  Scot  our  King  I    The  limping  State 

That  day  must  need  a  crutch. 
What  next  ?     In  time  a  Scot  will  prate 
As  Primate  of  our  Church. 

'  When  such  shall  be,  why  then  youll  see, 

That  day  it  will  be  found. 
The  Saxons  down  through  London  town 
Shall  burrow  under  ground.* 

Dr.  Tait  is  Archbishop  of  .Canterbury,  and  we  travel 
about  London  under  ground." 

AN&LiCAima. 


Miss  MoNE,  Wipe  op  William  D'Otlet. — Can 
any  of  your  readers  favour  me  with  information 
about  the  family  of  the  Miss  Monk  who  married, 
about  the  year  1740,  William  D'Oyley,  son  of  Si» 
John  D'Oyley,  Bart,  of  Chidehampton,  Oxford- 
shire ?  Was  she  an  only  child,  and  what  were 
the  arms  of  her  family  ?  J.  D.  E. 

Paris. 

Arms  op  Abchbishop  Parker  op  Txtam. — 
What  were  the  family  arms  of  John  Parker  (scm 
of  Rev.  John  Parker,  Prebendary  of  Maynootli). 
Archbishop  of  Tuam  1667-78,  and  of  Dublin  IB^fB 
till  his  death,  Dec.  28, 1681 P  He  was  buried  in 
Christ  Church,  Dublm.  C.  S.  K. 

Peii. — Is  Peli,  the  Hawaiian  goddess,  who  is 
believed  to  preside  over,  dwell  in,  and  issue  from 
Kiranea,  the  largest  and  most  extrr.ordinary  vol- 
canic crater  on  the  face  of  the  globe  (see  the 
Saturday  MagoTsine,  September  15, 1882),  visiting 
the  children  of  men  with  Ihunder  and  Ughtningi 
earthquakes,  and  streams  of  liquid  fire — con- 
sidered to  be,  both  philologically,  sacrificially,  and 
otherwise,  a  feminine  development  of  a  masculine 
prototype — Baal  =  Jupiter  =  Sun  f       J.  Bbalb. 

Pellico's  "  Francesca  da  Rimiki." — Has  this 
celebrated  trac^edy  ever  been  translated  into  Eng- 
lish ?  If  so,  by  whom,  when,  where  was  it  pab^ 
lished  ?  L.  M.' 

Pillory  at  East  Looe,  Cornwall. — ^Murray, 
in  his  Handbook  to  Devon  and  Cornwall,  edit  1865, 
p.  263,  says  that,  "  near  the  'church  end '  at  East 
Looe  there  yet  remains  the  pillory,  one  of  the  verj/ 
few  in  England.*'  Is  this  information  correct  at 
the  present  time,  or  has  this  ancient  instrument 
of  pimishment  been  removed  ?  The  pUlory  at  Looe 
was  claimed  by  Henry  de  Bodrigan,  lord  of  the 
manor  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.      E.  H.  W.  D. 

Greenwich. 

Engraved  Portrait.— Who  is  the  original  of 
a  portrait  en  craved  in  oval  by  J.  Payne ;  in  an 
oval  border  the  words  *'Patiens  qui  Prudens," 
surmounted  by  the  date  "Anno  1629"? 

William  Bates. 


4«»  S.  IV.  AuoDST  7,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11^ 


Pbinting  Query.  — I  remember  coming  across 
*  book,  in  the  library  of  an  eminent  printer  now 
dead,  which  puzzled  me  very  much.  It  was  a 
small  volume  of  about  sixty  pages,  very  small 
4t0|  or  square  12mo,  printed  entirely^  from  title- 
page  to  colophon,  in  what  seemed  to  me  Court 
hand*  Has  there  ever  been  any  book  printed  in 
this  character  in  England  ?  I  should  say  that  it 
is  twenty  years  since  I  saw  the  book,  and  my 
recollection  of  it  is  somewhat  hazy.        F.  M.  S. 

Quotations  wanted. — 

**  Sounds  which  address  the  ear  are  lost,  and  die 
In  one  short  hoar ;  while  that  which  strikes  the  eye, 
Lives  long  upon  the  mind :  the  faithful  sight 
'Graves  on  the  mem'ry  with  a  beam  of  light."  * 

J.  Manuel. 

**  So  when  heaven's  lamp,  that  rules  the  genial  day, 
Behind  the  sable  moon  pursues  his  way : 
Aflngjitod  mortals,  when  the  eclipse  is  o'er, 
BeBerehim  more  illustrious  than  before." 

T.R. 

Tbktoils  in  Arms,  and  Mount  for  Crest. — 
Jb  it  aeeoiding  to  any  rule  or  tradition  in  heraldry, 
or  Ij  mere  accident;  that^  in  the  three  instances 
siren  below,  trefoils,  borne  in  coat  armour,  appear 
in  connection  with  a  mount  or  hill  in  the  crest  ? — 

Roe  of  Brundish,  Suffolk :  Three  trefoils  and 
ts  many  quatrefoils;  crest,  on  a  mount  vert  a 
loebnck  statant. 

Symonds  of  Taunton  (granted  1587):  Three 
trefoils ;  cresty  on  a  mount  vert  an  ermine. 

Upliill  of  London:  Four  trefoils;  crest,  on  a 
moimt  charged  with  trefoils  a  bird  volant 

KfiDtish  Town.  W.  MOUNTFORD. 

Ulphilas. — I  suppose  the  second  syllable  in 
TJlphilaa  (the  author  of  the  Gothic  Version)  is 
duKt;  Imt  I  wish  for  some  authority  for  its  quan- 
tity, or  some  analogous  word  which  might  suggest 
it  The  first  syllable  of  the  name  is  evidently 
m^  Wolf,  Guelph.  B.  L.  W. 

Yahdela  or  Wandailes,  Meaning  of. — In  a 
gimt  by  William  de  Percy  of  Dunsley,  in  sup- 
poet  of  the  Hermitage  at  Mulgrave,  supposed  to 
nc¥e  been  made  about  1150,  the  following  passage 
ocean:  — 

"  Sdlieet,  totam  terram  meam  de  Midthet,  a  balco  qui 
est  intor  wandelas  demenii  mei)  et  vandelas  hominum 
meomm." 

Again,  William,  son  of  Line  of  Levingthorpe, 

granted  to  the  church  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Hylda 

of  Wyteby,  and  to  the  monks  there — 

^  one  rod  and  a  half  of  land  in  Wandailes  upon  the  river 
Tayae,  on  the  east  side  of  Midlesburc."  —  Charlton's 
WTdtbjf,  p.  188;  Burton,  Mon,  Ebor.,  p.  83. 

In  this  parish  we  have  a  series  of  contiguous 
endoaores,  containing  together  forty  or  forty-five 
acres,  all  designated  by  the  common  name  Wandales ; 

[^  This  seems  to  be  a  translation  from  Horace :  see 
De  Arte  Foetied,  180.] 


or,  as  it  is  written  in  the  six-inch  Ordnance  Maps 
(Sheet  30),  WmideU;  in  sheet  42,  it  is  WandhiU: 
and  in  sheet  8,  Wand  Hills — which  are  evidently 
corruptions  of  the  same  name.  There  is  also  a 
Windel  (1541),  otherwise  written  Wjndell  or 
Wendell,  at  Guisborough,  and  spelt  Wmdle,  and 
Wind-hills-on- Apian  of  the  Guisborough  estete, 
about  one  hundred  years  old.  This  last,  I  think, 
is  probably  another  corruption  of  Wandale,  Be- 
sides, there  are  other  instances  of  the  same  name 
in  the  district  (Cleveland),  the  exact  local  posi- 
tion of  which  I  have  not  yet  precisely  ascertamed. 
1  am  anxious  to  obtain  an  explanation  of  the 
term.  I  find  nothing  clearly  to  the  purpose  in 
Ducange ;  and  my  own  surmise  that  the  Jvandalef 
or  Vandddy  was  an  enclosed  pasture,  but  common 
to  the  dependants  of  the  lordship  in  which  it  lay, 
remains  quite  unsubstantiated  by  any  tangible 
proof,  while  the  halco  in  the  quotation  above 
makes  against  it.  1  should  be  much  obliged  if 
any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q.*'  could  throw  light  on 
the  subject.  J.  C.  Atkinson. 

Danby  in  Cleveland. 

Vattghans  of  Brbdwardinb  and  Pbdwar- 
DINB,  Co.  Hereford. — Possibly  this  may  catch 
the  eye  of  some  diligent  genealogist  who  has  had 
better  success  than  myself  in  reconciling  the  dis- 
crepancies and  unravelling  the  intricacies  in  the 
Vaughan  pedigrees.  There  is  certainly  great  con- 
fusion in  all  the  accoimts  which  I  have  been  able 
to  see,  and  1  am  almost  tempted  to  believe  that 
the  great  "  Sir  Roger  Vaughan  of  Bredwardine  " 
(the  preserver  of  Henry  V.'s  life)  had  no  connec- 
tion with  that  place,  and  that  his  family  did  not 
settle  tbere  till  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

C.  J.  XV. 

"L*Empire  c'est  la  Paix." — What  was  the 
occasion  of  the  above  immortal  utterance  by  Na- 
poleon ?  Was  it  a  quotation  or  original  ?  It  has 
oeen  repeated  so  often  that  it  is  pretty  sure  to 
live ;  and  one  of  "  N.  &  Q.'s  "  most  useful  services 
to  posterity  will  be  its  information  as  to  the 
origin  of  proverbs.  R.  C.  L. 

[This  magniloqnent  (and  original)  declaration  was 
made  at  Toulouse,  in  the  autumn  of  1852,  when  its  author 
was  manipulating  the  pulse  of  the  public  in  the  vine- 
yards of  Southern  France  preparatorj'  to  re-establishing 
the  imperial  regime.  At  the  close  of  a  splendid  banquet 
given  to  him  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  the  Bourse 
of  the  above-mentioned  city,  and  being  emboldened  by 
the  mad  enthusiasm  of  the  company  present,  the  Prince- 
President  suddenly  cast  off  all  reserve,  and  unequivocally 
announced  the  impending  change.  "  There  is  one  objec- 
tion," he  urged  in  vindication  of  his  purpose,  **  to  which 
I  must  reply.  Certain  minds  seem  to  entertain  a  dread  of 
war ;  certain  persons  say,  the  Empire  is  only  war.  But 
I  say,  THB  Ehpire  is  Peace,  for  France  desires  it,  and 


118 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[J'"  S.  IV.  ADOun  7,  "6 


when  France  a  satisfied  tha  world  is  tranquil."  A  tew 
days  previonil)-,  when  presiding  at  the  inanguration  of 
an  eqnestrian  statoe  of  hia  unclr,  Napoleon  I.,  he  gave 
vent  to  a  similar  sentiment  to  the  sj-inpatheti«  Lyonnese ; 
bat  his  language  on  that  occasion  was  not  characterised 
by  the  Ute  arrogance  or  by  the  like  terseness.  Ai  the 
two  memorahle  addresses  in  qnestion  have  not  UDfre- 
qaently  been  confounded  on  this  Eide  of  the  Chanael,  we 
will  append  the  correspondhig  passage  in  the  earlier  one. 
"Faithful  servanla  of  the  nation!"  be  esdaimed,  "I 
never  shaU  have  but  one  object,  and  that  ia  to  rocoDati- 
tute  in  this  great  country,  convulsed  by  so  many  com- 
motions and  Utopian  achemea,  a  peace  based  upon  concili- 
ation for  men,  inflesibilily  of  principles  of  authority,  love 
fpr  the  labouring  classes,  and  national  dignity."] 

Parliament. — In  MHimingbaai's  Diary  (Cam- 
den Soc.  p.  48),  "  Mr.  Carle,  my  chamber-fellow, 
was  (»Iled  aloDe  by  Parliftineat  to  the  bur."  What 
is  meant  by  parKamaU  in  this  sentence  P 

ThOM*8  E.  WlNNIHQIOK, 
[The  expreasIoD  is  ased  in  this  place  in  its  aboriginal 
or  colLiquial  sense,  and  refers  to  the  particular  society  of 
which  Mr.  Carie  was  a  member,  and  by  whom,  in  due 
course,  he  was  "called"  or  permitted  to  practiae  as  an 
•■  utler.barriater,"  which  was  one  degree  below  that  of  a 
"reader."  It  was  customary  at  the  period  in  question  to 
call  four  "  apprentices  of  the  law  "  only  in  every  year. 
Hr.  Carle's  call  appears  to  have  been  an  exception  to  the 
mle.  The  term  "Parliament"  may  refer  also  to  the 
immediate  interf^nce  of  the  Privy  Conncil  iu  all  matters 
pertaining  to  the  establishment  and  regulation  of  the 
aevaral  Inns  of  Court.  Prior  to  1576,  when  this  pre- 
scriptive right  was  eicercised  for  the  last  time,  and  pre- 
cedent established  for  the  future,  an  order  of  Conncil, 
subscribed  by  the  Lord  Keeper,  Sir  Sicholaa  Bacon,  and 
other  lords,  and  made  in  the  Easier  Term  of  that  year, 
directs  that  ■'  none  be  called  to  the  utter-bar  but  by  the 
ordinary  Council  of  the  House  (i.  r,  the  Inn)  in  their 
geoeral  ordinary  councils  in  term  time ;  and  also  none 
■haO  be  utter-barristers  without  haviog  performed  a 
certain  numlier  of  mootings  (t.  t.  arguing  fictitious  cases) ; 
also,  that  none  shall  be  permitted  to  plead  in  any  of  the 
coarts  at  Westminster,  or  to  sign  pleadings,  unless  he  be  a 
reader,  bencher,  or  five  years*  utter-barrister,  and  con- 
tinning  that  time  in  exercises  of  learning;  also,  that  none 
shall  plead  before  justices  of  assize  unless  ailowed  by  the 
justices  of  assizer"  (See  Dngdale's  Originei  Jvdicialci.) 
Since  the  Commonweattb,  the  authority  to  cali  persons 
to  the  degree  of  barrister-at-law  has  been  tacitly  relin- 
quished to  the  lienchers  of  the  different  societies,  and  Is 
now  considered  to  be  delegated  to  them  from  the  judges 
of  the  superior  courts.] 

LtFNCH.— 

"  A  lady  eminent  for  tbe  elegance  of  her  taste,  and  of 
whom  one  of  the  best  judges,  the  celebrated  Miss  Edge- 
worth,  observed  to  me.  that  she  spoke  the  poreit  and  tbe 
most  Idiomatic  English  she  had  ever  heard,  threw  out  an 
obHrvalion  which  might  be  extended  to  a  great  deal  of 


our  present  fashionable  vocabulary.  She  la  now  old 
enough,  she  said,  to  have  lived  to  bear  the  vulgarisms  of 
her  youth  adopted  in  drawing-room  circles.  To  l»nch, 
now  lo  familiar  from  the  fairest  lips,  was  in  her  yonth 
onlv  known  in  tbe  servants'  halt."— Disraeli's  CWiutthVt 
of  hittraluTe,  tit.  "Neology." 


[This  word  is  of  doubtful  etymology.  I.eiicographer», 
following  their  several  fancies,  have  derived  it  from  lonjtt 
(Span.),  a  long  piece,  a.  elice ;  from  fxru,  hlunt  (Swed.), 
a  mass  or  lump ;  from  Iomega,  fongda  (Armor.),  to  swal- 
low greedily;  and  from  (&P11C  (Welsh),  a  gulp,  a  swallow. 
Obviously  all  these  terms  have  sprang  from  a  common 
but  nnknown  source ;  and  neither  of  them,  therefore,  can 
be  said  to  be  absolutely  satisfactory  :  heoce  some  are  of 
opinion  that  the  word  is  corrupted  from  the  Old  Engllali 
nwR-iAuii,  the  refreshment  taken  at  nmn  when  laboureit 
desist  from  work  to  •*««  the  heat ;  and  the  above  extract 
ftom  the  Curhiitiei  of  Literalun  b  so  far  confirmatoiy 
of  its  vulgar  origin.  The  earliest  usage  of  it,  is  quoteit 
by  Todd,  occurs  in  Thi  CauleUa  of  Iht  Mant,  l&M; 
"  Witness  their  donble  chynnes  and  fat  luncbions  of  flarii 
on  their  bodies."  A  modem  wit  having  observed  of  thtt 
meal  itself,  that  it  is  a  reflection  on  breakbstand  an 
insult  to  dinner,  it  is  just  possible  it  may  fall  again  lot* 
desuetude,  in  polite  circles  at  least,  and  its  mention  b* 
once  more  restricted  to  the ''  servants'  hall."] 

The  Sev.  Dr.  Fellowes. — Can  you  inform  me 
whether  Bobert  Fellowes,  LL.D.,  the  author  of 
The  Seligion  of  the  Univeree,  be  living  or  dead, 
and  at  the  sftme  time  refer  me  to  anypubliBhed 
account  of  the  doctor's  life  P  Pie  officiated  at 
secretary  to  Queen  Caroline,  and  a  second  edition 
of  his  work  appeared  in  1836.  W.  S.  C. 

[The  Kev.  Robert  Fellowes  died  on  Feb.  G,  1847,  In  tfei 
seventy-seventh  year  of  his  age.  He  was  a  native  of 
Norfolk,  and  having  been  educated  at  St.  Mary's  Bal^ 
Onfotd,  where  he  took  his  M. A.  degree  in  1801,hew«» 
ordained  in  1795.  He  however  ultimately  relinqai»h«t 
the  doctrines  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  adopted 
those  contained  in  The  Religim  of  Iht  Unintrt,  pnb- 
lisbed  in  ISSG.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Pan-, 
who  introduced  him  to  Queen  Caroline,  of  whose  causa  b» 
was  a  most  ardent  champion.  He  was  also  the  fliend  of' 
Baron  Maseres,  wbo  bequeathed  to  him  a  verj-  large  for- 
tune. He  took  an  active  part  in  the  formation  of  tbe 
London  University,  and  in  gratitude,  it  is  said,  to  Dr. 
Eiliotson.  founded  two  annual  gold  medals  —  the  Fd- 
lowes'roedals— as  prizes  for  proficiency  in  clinical  ecien«b 
A  long  list  of  the  various  works  published  by  Dr.  Pd' 
lowes,  who  was  for  six  years  editor  of  the  Criticai  Raiiaif 
will  be  found  in  the  long  obituary  of  the  doctor  in  Ui» 
Gaaltnum'i  Magazine  for  April  1817,  pp.  410-1.] 


4«*S.1V.  August  7, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


119 


Has  the  simile  been  explained^  or  the  allusion  to 
the  monument  identified  ?  Clarry. 

{^Our  correspondent,  to  whom  we  owe  an  apology  for 
a  lonig  accidental  delay  in  inserting  this  query,  will  find 
four  pages  of  very  elaborate  criticisms  upon  this  figure 
by  Warburton,  Malone,  and  Boswell,  in  the  Variorum 
ShaAetpeare  (1821),  xi.  505  et  seq.'] 


iacplteij. 

JANET  LITTLE. 

(4'*'  S.  iv.  50.) 

A.  J.  M.  will  find  a  short  account  of  Janet 
Little  in  the  Household  Joumaly  vol.  i.  (London, 
James  Henderson^  1865).     She  is  there  described 
a  tall  woman^  with  dark  hair,  and  somewhat 
masculine  features,  but  with  a  demeanour 
modest  in  the  extreme.    She  is  also  called  a  pure- 
minded,  humble^  and  good  woman.      She  was 
bom  in  Dumfriesshire  of  poor  parents,  and  re- 
oefyed  only  a  small  share  of  education.    In  her 
joath  she  became  a  servant  in  the  house  of  Mrs. 
i>milop  of  Dunlop,  the  friend  of  the  poet  Bums. 
^e  was  afterwards  employed  at  Loudon  Castle, 
finom  which  place  she  wrote  the  following  letter 
to  Bums,  to  see  whom  she  had  long  and  earnestly 
deored:  — 

"  Loudon  House,  12tb  July,  1789. 
•*  Sir, — Though  I  have  not  the  happiness  of  being  per- 
amally  acquainted  with  3'-ou,  yet,  amongst  the  number  of 
who  have  read  and  admired  your  productions,  I 
be  permitted  to  trouble  you  with  this.  You  must 
r,  sir,  I  am  somewhat  in  love  with  the  Muses,  though 
I  cannot  boast  of  any  favours  they  have  deigned  to  con- 
fa'  on  me  as  yet;  my  situation  in  life  has  been  very 
miftdi  against  roe  as  to'that.  I  have  spent  some  years  in 
and  about  Ecclefechan  (where  my  parents  reside)  in  the 
station  of  a  servant,  and  am  now  come  to  Loudon  House, 
at  jNretent  possessed  by  Mrs.  Uendrie:  she  is  daughter 
«f  Mrs.  Dnnlop  of  Dunlop,  whom  I  understand  you  are 
particalarly  acquainted  with.  As  I  had  the  pleasure 
«f  pentsiDg  jour  poems,  I  felt  a  partiality  for  the  author 
'wUdi  I  should  not  have  experienced  had  you  been  in  a 
■are  dignified  station,  and  wrote  a  few  verses  of  address 
to  JOB,  which  I  did  not  then  think  of  ever  presenting ; 
bnt  M  fortune  seems  to  have  favoured  me  in  this,  by 
biinging  me  into  a  family  by  whom  you  are  well  known 
and  madi  esteemed,  and  where  perhaps  I  may  have  an 
o^xvtmitT  of  Bcein?  you,  I  shall,  in  hopes  of  your  future 
Aicsodshim'take  the  liberty  to  transcribe  them :  — 

[Here  followed  the  verses.] 

**  Sir,  I  hope  you  will  pardon  my  boldness  in  this.  My 
band  trembles  while  I  write  to  you,  conscious  of  my 
imworthiness  of  what  I  would  most  earnestly  solicit': 
viz.  your  favour  and  friendship;  yet,  hopingyou  will 
diow  yourself  possessed  of  as  much  generosity  and  good 
satnre  as  will  prevent  your  exposing  what  maj'  justly 
be  found  liable  to  censure  in  this  measure,  I  shall  take 
tbe  liberty  to  subscribe  myself,  sir,  your  most  obedient, 
hmnble  servant, 

"  Janet  Little. 

•*  P.8.  If  yon  would  condescend  to  honour  me  with  a 
few  lines  firom  your  band,  I  would  take  it  as  a  par- 


ticular favour ;  and  direct  to  me  at  Loudon  House,  near 
Galston." 

In  writing  to  Mrs.  Dunlop,  Bums  says  with 

reference  to  the  above  letter :  — 

"  I  had  some  time  ago  an  epistle,  part  poetic  and  part 
prosaic,  from  3'our  poetess  Miss  J.  Little—a  very  ingenious 
but  modest  composition.  I  should  have  written  her  as 
requested,  but  for  the  hurry  of  this  new  business.  I  have 
heard  of  her  and  her  compositions  in  this  country,  and  I 
am  happy  to  add,  always  to  the  honour  of  her  character. 
The  fact  is,  I  know  not  how  to  write  to  her.  I  should 
set  down  to  a  sheet  of  paper  that  I  knew  not  how  to 
stain." 

Some  time  after  writing  the  above  epistle, 
Janet  called  at  Ellisland  to  see  Burns.  lie  was 
not  at  home ;  but  while  she  was  waiting,  he  was 
brought  in  with  a  broken  arm,  having  fallen  from 
his  horse.  In  some  verses,  written  on  the  occa- 
sion, she  says :  — 

"  With  beating  heart  I  viewed  the  bard, 
All  trembling  did  him  greet. 
With  sighs  bewailed  his  fate  so  hard, 
Whose  notes  were  ever  sweet." 

Her  Poetical  Works,  published  in  1792,  had  a 
long  list  of  subscribers.  Her  poetry  is  not  of  a 
very  high  order.  Her  book  is  described  as  '*  re- 
markable, for  a  milkmaid."  Aifter  publishing  her 
poems,  she  became  the  **  excellent  wife  of  a  com- 
mon labourer."  She  died  in  1813,  and  left  behind 
her  a  number  of  manuscript  pieces,  which  she  had. 
written  during  her  married  me. 

D.  Macfhail. 
27,  Castle  Street,  Paisley. 


A.  J.  M.  asks,  "  Who 
Scotch  milkmaid  ?  "  She 
of  the  dairy  at  Loudon 
A.  J.  M.  will  find  a  very 
in  The  Contemporaries  of 
Poets  of  Ayrshire,  with 
Writings. 

Kilmarnock. 


was  Janet  Little,  the 
was  the  superintendent 
Castle,  Ayrshire,  and 
excellent  notice  of  her 
Bums  and  more  recent 
Selections  from  their 
James  M'Kie. 


THE  STIRLING  CASE. 
(4''»  S.  iii.  575 ;  iv.  38.) 

I  have  not  leisure  at  present  to  go  into  tho 
questions  connected  with  nil  the  peerages  referred 
to,  which  I  the  less  regret  as  I  am  well  aware 
that  Dr.  Rogbes  is  fully  competent  to  defend 
himself,  and  shall  therefore  conhne  myself  to  the 
remarks  of  Anglo- Scoxus  on  the  Stirling  case. 

Ist.  Mr.  Humphreys  never  produced  a  **  regrant 
by  Charles  I.  dated  Dec.  7, 1G39."  The  document 
he  actually  lodged  in  process  purported  to  be  an 
extract  from  the  said  grant.  This  distinction  may 
appear  a  mere  verbal  one  to  a  person  not  con- 
versant with  Scotch  law,  but  in  point  of  fact  it 
is  a  most  important  and  essential  one.  In  the 
criminal  proceedings  connected  with  the  case  it 
was  prominently  Brought  forwu:d  by    the  late 


120 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


li^  S.  IV.  August  7,  '69. 


Lord  Robertson,  who  was  counsel  for  Mr.  Hum- 
phreys. 

**  Bnt  the  paper  before  us  is  not  a  charter,  and  never 
was  stated  to  be  a  charter."  (Swinton's  Report  of  the 
Trial,  Edinburgh  1839,  p.  274.)  *•  Lord  Stirling,  most 
unwisely  in  my  humble  opinion,  wished  not  to  produce 
that  excerpt  as  directly  giving  him  any  particular  richt, 
but  to  prove  by  it  that  a  charter  in  similar  terms  had 
once  existed.  And  accordingly  it  is  called  an  ancient 
<md  authentic  excerpt  or  cJnidged  copy  of  a  charter  of  the 
crown  in  favour  of  William  Earl  of  Stirling.**  Qlbid.) 
**  But  it  is  not  and  never  was  said  to  be  a  charter.  It  is 
only  produced  as  an  excerpt  of  a  charter  found  in  Ire- 
land." (P.  275.)  "In  March,  1838,  the  Court  found 
that  it  was  a  precept  and  not  a  charter,  and  that  it  could 
be  received  as  proof  of  the  tenor  of  a  charter  that  had  been 
lost."  (Ibid.)  "  I  would  onl}'  here  observe,  that  this  is 
not  a  charter,  bnt  bears  to  be  an  abstract  or  abridged  copy 
of  a  charter.  Now,  gentlemen,  an  erroneous  but  genuine 
copy  is  a  very  different  thing  from  a  forged  principal.* 
<P.*276.) 

2ndly.  I  should  hesitate  for  many  reasons  to 
call  the  fact  of  Archbishop  Spottiswoode's  name 
appearing  as  a  witness  to  a  deed  which  bears 
date  eleven  days  after  his  death  &  fatal  blunder  y  as 
it  is  capable  of  explanation ;  but  Anglo-Scotus 
takes  no  notice  of  the  other  and  more  formidable 
half  of  the  objection  that  the  archbishop  is  de- 
scribed as  cancellarius — an  office  he  had  resigned 
months  before. 

Lastly,  I  would  ask  Anglo-Scotus  on  what 
authority  he  asserts  that  Mr.  Riddell  was  engaged 
for  the  crown  in  the  Stirling  case.  I  have  before 
me  as  I  write  the  authorised  reports  of  the  pro- 
ceedings both  in  the  Court  of  Session  and  the 
High  Court  of  Justiciary,  and  in  neither  of  them 
is  his  name  mentioned. 

It  is  perfectly  true  that  this  is  quite  consistent 
with  his  having  been  privately  consulted  by  the 
law  officers  of  the  crown,  but  it  would  hardly 
justify  the  use  of  the  technical  term  engaged.  1 
may,  however,  add  that  I  was  practising  at  the 
Scotch  bar  at  the  time  when  the  cases  occurred ; 
that  they  formed  a  frequent  topic  of  discussion  in 
the  outer  house;  that  Professor  Cosmo  Innes, 
then  senior  depute  advocate,  who  went  to  Paris 
to  collect  information  there,  often  amused  us  with 
accounts  of  his  proceedings,  but  I  have  no  recol- 
lection of  Mr.  RiddelVs  name  having  been  ever 
introduced  upon  any  of  these  occasions. 

I  therefore  repeat  that  it  falls  upon  Anglo - 
ScoTiJs  to  produce  evidence  that  the  blunder  to 
which  he  refers  was  discovered  by  Mr.  Riddell. 

Geokqe  Verb  Irvino. 


in  Blair's  poem,  "  The  Grave,"  asks  if  it  has  been 
pointed  out  anywhere  that  John  Norris  of  Bemer- 
ton  had  given  the  same  simile.  To  this  question 
I  am  able  to  return  an  affirmative  answer.  I 
have  in  my  possession,  in  a  pamphlet  form — 

"The  Poetical  Works  of  Robert  Blair,  containing  The 
Grave  and  a  Poem  to  the  Memory  of  Mr.  Law,  to  which 
are  prefixed  Remarks  on  the  Life  and  Works  of  the 
Author.  Glasgow:  Printed  by  and  for  R.  Chapman, 
1805." 

In  the  "  Remarks  on  *  The  Grave,' "  to  which  no 
signature  is  affixed,  the  author  praises  the  poem 
for  its  boldness  and  originality  of  thought,  and 
the  strength  of  its  language  and  versitication, 
while  he  censures  its  unconnected  style,  charac- 
terising the  poem  as  "  rather  a  series  of  paintings 
than  a  regular  and  connected  whole."  After  ob- 
serving that  it  had  been  asserted  by  some  of  the 
admirers  of  "  The  Grave,"  that  Blair's  matter,  as 
well  as  his  manner,  is  quite  his  own,  the  autiior 
proceeds  to  indicate  various  traces  of  imitation. 
He  points  out  the  source  of  the  idea  already 
referred  to,  quoting  the  two  stanzas  of  Noma 
given  by  your  correspondent,  and  also  remarks  on 
the  similarity  between  the  two  poets  in  most  of 
the  other  examples  mentioned  by  Mr.  Gbosast. 
Two  additional  mstances  are  the  following : — 

"  Friendship !  mysterious  cement  of  the  soul, 
Sweet'ner  of  life  and  solder  of  society." — Blair. 

**  Musick,  thou  generous  ferment  of  the  soul, 
Thou  universal  cement  of  the  whole." — Norris. 


ROBERT    BLAIR,  ALTHOR   OF  "  THE  GRAVE," 
AND  NORRIS  OF  BEMERTON,  ETC. 

(4*»»  S.  iv.  28.) 

Your  correspondent,  Mr.  A.  B.  Grosart,  in  his 
remarks  upon  the  occurrence  of  the  idea  contained 
in  CampbelVs  line — 

**  Like  angel  visits,  few  and  far  between, 


(( 


.  .  .  Here,  too,  the  petty  tyrant. 

Whose  scant  domains  geographer  ne*er  noticed.' 


"  While  you  a  spot  of  earth  possess  with  care. 
Below  the  notice  of  the  geographer." — Norris. 

As  the  unknown  author  of  these  *'  Kemarks " 
claims  the  credit  of  discovering  instances  of  imi- 
tation in  "The  Grave"  which  had  hitherto 
escaped  notice,  and  as  copies  of  the  little  work 
containing  them  may  be  scarce,  I  may  be  allowed 
space  for  a  few  of  the  most  noticeable.  To  show 
Blair's  acquaintance  with  the  classics,  the  author 
quotes  lines  from  the  sixth  book  of  Virgil,  which 
have  evidently  suggested  some  of  the  most  re- 
markable passages  in  **  The  Grave,"  and  a  large 
portion  of  the  poem  is  asserted  to  bear  a, close 
resemblance  to  some  of  the  dialogues  of  Lucian : 

"  The  line  near  the  beginning  — 

"  *  Who  swam  to  sov'reign  rule  thro'  seas  of  blood,* 

is  from  Pope : — 

**  *  For  thee  whole  nations  drown'd  with  flames  and  blood. 
And  swam  to  empire  thro'  the  purple  flood.* 

"  So  the  appropriate  simile : — 

**  *  Sullen,  like  lamps  in  sepulchres,  your  shine 
Enlightens  but  yourselves,* 

is  borrowed  from  the  same  poet : — 

"  *  Useless,  unseen,  as  lamps  in  sepulchre.' 

Elegy  on  an  Unforiu$uxte  Ladjf 


i»S.IV.AuODsr7,'( 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


121 


"  It  i«  likeroe  prohable  that  the  rimile — 
"  '  By  napetceived  degreea  he  wears  anay, 
let  like  the  aun  Baems  la^er  at  the  setting,' 
inMead  of  beiD?  taken  from  Quartcs,  is  ftom  a  passage  in 
OM  of  Pope's  letterB  to  Wyoheriey,  where  in  allusion  to 
DiydeD  he  laya : — '  For  his  6re,  like  that  of  the  sun, 
•tuned  cteareit  tovards  his  setting.'     The  lines  in  the 
loctora  of  [be  miser  — 

"  ■  The  fool  throws  up  hia  interest  in  hath  worlde, 


lis,  then  dan 


ra  undoubtedly  imitated  from  Oldham  :— 


That  at 


.a  the  1 


le  rich  01 


in'd  himself  to  make  his  heir,' 
To  a  Friend  leiaing  Ihe  (fmvrriiiy. 
Near  the  end  of  the  poem  a  simile  occars  which  appears 
to  be  taken  from  the  '  Immortality  of  the  Soul,'  an  almost 
aiiiDtelli(!ibte  poem,  written  hy  the  celebrated  Platonisl, 
Btary  More  of  Cambridge; — 

**....  Fools  that  we  are  ! 
We  wish  to  he  where  sweets  unwithering  bloom  i 
But  straight  our  wish  revoke,  and  will  not  go. 
Bo  have  1  seen,  upon  a  summer's  ev'n. 
Fast  by  the  rivlet's  brink,  a  youngster  play ; 
Hrr  wishfully  he  looks  to  stem  the  tide! 
Uui  moment  resolute,  neit  nnreaolT'd, 
At  laat  he  dips  his  foot.' 
■  The  passage  in  More  is  in  the  argument  to  the  second 
cmtoof  the  first  book: — 

■"  Kow  III  address  me  to  mv  mighty  task. 

So  mighty  task  that  makes  mv  heart  to  shrink  ; 
WhUe  I  compute  the  labour  it  will  ask, 

And  on  my  own  frail  weaknesse  I  gin  think. 
Like  tender  lad  that  on  the  river's  brink, 
That  fain  would  wash  him,  while  the  eveniUR  keen 

With  sharper  air  doth  make  his  pores  to  wink. 

Shakes  all  his  body,  nips  his  naked  skin. 

At  first  makes  some  delay,  but  after  skippeth  in." 

It  ma^  Dot  be   ucimportiuit  to  add  here,  that 

tkongh  it  is  stated   by  our  author  that  the  two 

foems  mentioned  in  the  title  I  have  quoted,  with 

the  trantlntion  of  a  Latin  ode  hj  Florence  WileoD, 

CDDtBin  the  liat  of  Blair's  n-orks,  such  is  not  the 

ciee.     The  poet  was  also  the  author  of  several  of 

the  most  beautiful  pttraphrasos  of  Scripture  ptis- 

Nges  which  are  authonaed  hy  the  General  As- 

lemblj  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  to  be  sung  in 


VELOCIPEDES. 

(4"'a  iii.  408;  iv.  57.) 

We  toy  referred   to   in   the   lines   quoted   by 

"Siimelimes,  'tis  true,  I  am  a  toy. 
Contrived  to  please  some  active  boy,"  itc_ 
*U  00  lehcipede,  hut  simply  a  stick,  siirmoutited 
«J  4  carved  resemblance  of  the  head  of  tlie  animal 
"W  name  appears  in  the  answer  to  the  enigma, 
iiid  intended  to  be  bestridden  as  a  roadster  by  the 
iotBey  Juveniles  of  a  century  ago.  Hone,  in  his 
TaUe-Book  (vol.  i.  p.  680),"  gives,  as  nn  illustta- 
•ioo  of  the  "  Old  London  Cries,"'  an  engraving  of 


an  itinerant  seller  of  these  "  hobby-hones," 
blowing  bis  tniinpet,  and  shouting  "  Troop,  every 
one  I "  to  attract  his  youthful  customers.  Ha 
cames  his  goods  in  a  partitioned  frame  on  his 
shoulder,  and  we  perceive  that  a  small  flag  is  at- 
tached to  each  horse's  bead.  The  crier  and  hia 
ware  have  long  been  wholly  extinct ;  and  Hone, 

Sathedcally  lamenting  that,  in  bis  degenerate 
ays,  they  were  content  to  give  a  lad  the  first 
stick  at  hand  to  thrust  between  his  legs  as  a 
Bucephalus, — "the  shadow  of  a  shade,"  —  sug- 
gested that  the  manufacture  might  profitably  be 
revived  for  the  benefit  of  the  riuog  generation. 
The  enigma  concludes  with  the  lines : — 

"  But  thus  to  boast  avails  m 


H  0.  for  0.  I 


For  an  explanation  of  this  last  line  we  must 
refer  to  the  Jlorris-dances  of  ancient  days,  in 
which  the  "Hobby-horse"  was  an  important  per- 
sonage, the  line  m  question  forming  one  of  the 
sayings  of  the  mummere  who  simulated  this  cha- 
racter; thus  we  read: — 

John  Hunt  the 


"  Bat  looke  yon  who  hers  com 
Hobby-horse,  wanting  but  three  or  a  nunarea ;  iwera 
time  for  him  to  forget  timselfe,  and  sing  but  0,  notliing 
but  O,  the  Hobbie-boiae  is  forgotten ;  the  Maide  Har- 
rian  followiag  him,  offbrs  to  lend  him  scuen  yearea  more, 
bat  if  he  would  uke  vp  ten  in  the  hundred,  hi 
are  able  to  land  them."— O/rf  M^  of  fftrtfordthin 
Mayd  Marian,  a«d  Ucrtfimi  Tow  '  "'  ■ 
|-o.     London,  1609,  p.  7. 

Coming  down  to  more  modem  times,  v 
the  following  definition : — 
"  HoBBT-HoBsB.   A  man's   favonrite  amusement,  or 


8  company 


e  find 


a  p«r. 


far  kind  of  small  Irish  horae;  and  also  a  wooden  oi 
such  as  is  given  to  children."  —  Grose's  CUa^ixd  Die- 
tionary,  Sfv.  by  Pierce  Egaa,  8to,  1823. 

The  first  dgnilication   given   above  was  illus- 
trated by  a  favourite  ballad  of  the  day,  "  Sung 
at  the  Theatre  Royal,  Haymarket,"  and  entitled 
"  Thady's  Description  of  the  Hobbies  " : — 
"  Myself  at  the  Haymarket  play-house  one  night. 
Was  told  by  a  person  in  diamonds  alt  bright. 
There  was  not  a  man,  whether  woman  or  child. 
Who  had  not  bis  hobbv,  for  so  it  was  s^ted. 
And  a  hobby,  dearjoy. 

That  is  a  toy, 
A  plaything  for  oveo'  bobblo-de-hoy  I " 

Then  follows  a  description  of  the  various  hob- 
bies of  the  day,  and  the  song  concludes  appro- 
priately with  the  verse; — 

»  The  hobby  which  is  of  all  hobbies  the  best. 
Is  lending  ■  hand  to  as^st  the  dislrest. 
Oh,  when  with  such  hobbies  the  wretched  we  cheer, 
St.  Patrick  will  write  his  best  thanks  for  It  here. 


And  such  bobbies,  lit 


rjoy. 


^  Oh,  may  thej-  be  then  oar  }-eariy  employ !  " 

Acciptid  Addniia ;  or,  Pramittm  Pottanna,  ^ 
ISmo,  I8I8.  p.  171. 

A  few  years  later  the  word  acquired  a  more 
.fpecitic  meaning.    Myportfolio  contdns  a  curious 


KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[l"*  a.  IV.  August  7,  '69. 


■WM  published  by  Q.  HumpliTey,  July  10,  1819, 
and  IS  entitled  "  Eveir  Man  on  his  Perch ;  or, 
Guing-  to  Hobby  Fair.  Here  we  have  repre- 
sented, on  four  parfJlel  rows,  twenty-four  riders 
on  velocipedes,  tho  dress  of  the  former  indicating 
their  professions  or  trades,  and  the  latter  appro- 
priate too,  or  symbolical  of  the  same,  bj  some 
peculiarity  of  construction.  Thus  the  sailor  sits 
in  a  boat ;  the  fiddler  ia  astride  on  a  violin ;  the 
soldier  is  mounted  oa  a  cannon ;  the  tallow- 
chandler  bestridesa  huge  candle;  and  the  apothe- 
ca^  is  bifurcated  on  one  of  his  own  labelled 
phials.  There  is  no  appearance  of  crank  and 
treadles,  and  all  are  making  vigorous  use  of  their 
legs  on  (he  ground.  Most  of  the  locomotives  are 
bicycles  ^bicycle,  by  the  way,  is  the  truepronun- 
ciation  —  and  in  all  the  forewheel  is  made  to 
gyrate  by  a  handle,  and  so  direct  the  course. 
Such  instruments  were  called  "  Dandy-horses," 
and  tbe  term  is  thus  explained  in  the  Xencon 
Salatronicamot  JonBea (John  Badcock), London, 
1823  :— 

"  DANni-HOitSE. — Velooipedf,  or  instrnment  for  joor- 
neyiog  far  and  fast :  liro  wbeels,  one  behind  Itie  other, 
■upporting  a  bur  of  irood :  the  traveller  gets  across  and 
prapela  himself  forward  by  striking  his  feet  against  ttie 
grouDd,  Hundreds  of  sach  might  be  seen  in  a  day  ;  the 
rage  ceased  in  about  three  years,  and  llie  word  is  be- 
coming obsolete." — Pago  68. 

Two-wheeled  velocipedes  were  then  called,  not 
very  correctly,  "bicipedes";  there  was  also  the 
"  tricipede,"  or  three-wheeled  vehicle,  an  adapta- 
tiou  01  which  was  contrived  for  traversing  eballow 
waters  after  wild-fowl.  This  latter  was  termed 
the  "aijuatic  tripod,"  and  we  are  referred  for  a 
description  of  its  manner  of  construction  to  Bad' 
cock's  Fhilotophical  Secreationi,  vol.  ii.,  a  work 
with  which  I  am  not  acquainted. 

I  believe  that  there  was  a  little  book,  published 
about  this  period,  entitled  The  Daadia,  and  de- 
voted to  a  description  of  the  extinct  animal  whose 
name  it  bears.  This  is  said  to  conttun  a  coloured 
representation  of  one  of  this  species,  astride  on 
one  of  the  fashionable  machines. 

Another  satirical  publication  of  the  Dandiacal 
epcKb  is  entitied — 

"The  Ago  of  Intellect;  oi.  Clerical  Showfotk,  and 
Wonderful  Layfolk,  ^c  Dedicated  to  tbe  Fair  Circas- 
sian. By  Francis  Uoore,  Fhysician,  &c"  Small  8vo. 
London,  W.  Hone,  1H19. 

Prefixed  to  this,  a  coloured  frontisiuece,  by 
George  Cruikshank,  exhibits  some  of  the  most 
striking  signs  of  the  times — a  bloated  bishop  in- 
dueling  sight-seers  to  St.  Paul's  as  a  peep-show ; 
a  craniologist  expatiating  on  the  bumps ;  philo- 
flOphers,  by  aid  of  a  telescope,  discovering  6n 
Vria  Migor  surmounting  the  arctic  pole ;  and  a 
ateam  baUoon  surmounting  the  varied  scene.  The 
middle  is  occupied,  on  the  one  hand,  by  a  clerical 


showman,  in  gilded  mitre,  receiving  payment  at 
tbe  doors  of  Westminster  Abbey ;  and  on  the 
other,  by  a  steep  acclivity,  up  which  a  dandy, 
painfully  struggfing  on  hia  bicycle,,  is  met  by 
another,  who,  rushing  precipitately  down  the  too 
facUia  deeceiuus,    is  m  the  act  of  performing  a 
summersault  over  his  runaway  vehicle.     The  tbl- 
lowing  lines  occur  in  the  book  itself :  — 
"  To  her  tbreadnecdle  fortress  consigning  tbe  dome, 
Greater  novelties  now  to  explore  be  our  aim ; 
Soch  aa  patent  pedestrian  Acceleratora, — 
The  fleeting  rc2i>ci>»»lu,-'PeramhulBtors,— 


Tbat^>» 


hey'll  ba. 


th  from  Brighton,  I'll  wager, 
a  theme  of  coaCcntioD  ; 

—Page  171 


Highly  they  honour  this  age  of  invei 

The  treadles  and  crank  formed  a  subsequent 
and  all-important  addition.  On  a  three-wheeled 
vehicle,  thus  fumiahed,  I  remember  making  a 
juvenile  essay  a  quarter  of  a  century  ago,  when, 
having  come  to  ignomiuious  grief,  I  had  to  pay 
smarUy,  both  in  purse  and  person,  for  my  unakiifiil 
temerity : — 

"Xec  sic  incipics  ut  scriptor,  CyclUia  oliml" — Bor. 
—  or,^  if  the  reader  would  prefer  the  same  kindly 
warning  in  an  English  dress,  tbe  same  is  at  his 
service  from  an  unpublished  "Horace  in  London," 
of  which  tbe  following  distich  is  unfortunately  all 
that  I  have  at  present  achieved  ;— 

"  Don't  start  like  the  writer,  if  grief  you'd  escape. 
On  Bicycle  seeking  your  journey  to  shape!" 
I       Wanting  the  mechanical  aid  these  locomotiTes 
I  at  present  possess,  they  never  could  become  popn- 
I  lar,  or  do  other  than  justify  the  remark  of  some 
one — was  it  not  Dr.  Johnson? — who,  on  such  an 
'  instrument  being  described  to  him,  remarked  that^ 
as  it  appenred  to  him,  the  rider  had  to  keep  it  in 
motion  as  well  as  himself.           Wujjau  BaiB8. 
I       Birmingham. 
I  

Sir  FRiifois  Pbmbertoit  (1'"  S.  iii.  424.)  — 
Tbe  source   from  which  I   derived   the  date  of 

I  this  judge's  death  was  Chauncy's  Hartfordthire, 
p.  447,  d  seq.,  where  his  epitaph  in  Highgata 

I  chapel,  with  tbe  date,  June  10, 1697,  is  recorded  at 
length.  1  delayed  answering  Tewars's  note  until 
1  could  discover  tbe  place  in  Cambridge  to  which 
the  monument  in  Higbj^ate  chapel,  when  pulled 
down,  was  removed.  I  have  now  done  so,  ead 
find  it  is  on  the  wall  of  Trumpington  cburcb,  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  which  some  of  the  judge's 
family  have  property.  It  ia  exactly  copied  in 
Chauncy,  and  the  date  is  plainly  June  10,  not 
January.  So  that  either  the  entry  in  the  register 
of  Hi^bgate  chapel,  or  the  lapida^of  the  monu- 
ment, is  wrong.  £dward  Foss. 

Bedlak  Beooars  ajtd  BosBiiARr  (4"  S.  'vr 
65.)  —  I  do  not  know  that  "  the  Poor  Toms  "  had 


««8.iT.AirGD9T7,'M.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


■nj  other  reaaoa  for  nsiug  rosemary  sprigs  tbsii 
ttuit  thej  might  pick  them  up  everywhere  m 
ennl;  m  the  other  refiise — the  pina,  and  skewers, 
and  nult— eDumerated  by  Edgnr.  Old  plnjs  lire 
Btock  foU  ot  rosemMT-  It  was  used  in  churches, 
in  housM,  in  the  Btreeta,  in  graveyarde.  At  leaata 
of  all  kinda — hirths,  christenings,  marriages,  fu- 
nenls,  orat  pubUc  entertunments,  the  loaemarv 
is  aerer  absent.  They  strewed  their  floors  with 
it,  they  (ramighed  their  dishes  with  it,  thev  carried 
it  to  their  haads,  thej  stuck  it  in  their  hats,  they 
■titred  their  wine  with  it,  they  used  it  in  theii 
raokerj,  and  made  it  into  possets.  MedicinBlly  it 
was  ia  great  use,  and  sprigs  of  it  held  at  the  nose 
were  thought  to  prevent  infection  from  the  plague. 
A  special  reason  for  "  Poor  Tom's"  rosemary  might 
be  found  in  the  fact  that  it  was  thought  to  be 

K)d  for  the  memory,  afld  generally  for  the  brain ; 
1 1  think  the  commonness  of  it  is  quite  a  suf- 
fioent  leaaoD.  £very  dunghill,  as  well  as  every 
gnden,  would  fumbh  a  supply. 

Jonir  Addis,  M.A. 

Giles  Lawkbkce  (4">  S.  iv.  31.)  —  R.  G.  L. 

COdU  obtain   information  of  the  family  and  de- 

'ants  of  Giles  Lawrence  of  Eengeworth,  Wor- 

r,  on  application  by  letter  to  Mrs.  Goodall, 

Evesham,   Worceslerahire,  who  is  a  lineal 

n  the  said  Giles  Lawrence. 

Henry  Fawcbtt, 
\i.  King  Street,  Covent  Garden. 

"  To  LIB— vxDBR  A  Mistake  "  (4"'  S,  iv.  50.) 
In  the  bagmentary  translation  of  £1  Magi'co  Pro- 
digiom  at  Colderoii  by  Shelley,  be  makes  Claria 
My  to  .VoKon ; — 

"  Yva  lie— Odder  a  mistake— 
For  this  is  the  most  civil  sort  oC  lie 
That  con  tw  given  to  a  man's  face." 
What  the  text  ia,  I  know  not. 

W.  J.  Bebkhaed  Suith. 
Temple. 
_  KiTHE  (.3^*  S.  x\.  176,  243,  389.)  — An  early 
inttaace  of  the  use  of  this  word  will  be  found  in 
tha  charter  granted  by  William  the  Conqueror  to 
lbs  then  Bishop  of  London,  respecUng  which  there 
Hu  interesting  letter  in  The  Alheiu^uin  of  J  a]  j 
n,  1869.  Some  of  your  renders  may  ha  able  to 
ittlpUB,  Hall  "  as  to  the  exact  meaning  of  this 
utuat  and  importaat  docunieat."  J.  Manitel. 
Sncaitle-ou-Tyne, 

WoBEALL  (,4'"  S.  iii.  483, 503.)— Mk.  Sotheban 
^  not  appear  to  have  understood  my  query. 
Tb  qniirteringa  occur  in  the  Harl.  MS.  1487,  the 
4*ta  of  which  is  about  1612.  The  marriage  of 
Gwrge  Westby  to  Mary  Worrall  in  1703  could 
^  under  any_  circumstances,  have  given  to  the 
"(ff  family  a  right  to  quarter  the  arras  of  Weatby. 
^he  coat  or,  3  cinquefoils  gules,  is,  I  think,  un- 
qiEStJonably  that  ol  KnottetwoHh. 
It  mny  interest  your  correspondent  to  know  that 


a  Ralph  Westby  of  Ravenfield,  Yorkshire,  mar- 
ried Anne,  second  daughter  of  Hugh  Worrall, 
Mayor  of  Doncaster  1544-1548.  H.  S.  G. 

Bells  fob  Dibsbhtino  CKimcHBS  (4"'  S,  iv.  55.) 
In  reply  to  your  correspondent  S.  allow  me  to  Bay 
that,  being  in  Glasgow  last  Sunday,  July  18,  I 
observed  that  bells  were  chimed  before  service  at 
Trinity  {Congregational)  Church,  West  End  (Rev. 
Dr.  William  Pulsford's).  The  edifice  has  been 
erected  about  five  years.  It  is  in  the  Gothic  style 
of  architecture,  and  the  bells  were  rung  in  a  spire 
one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  high. 

JosiAH  Miller. 

Kenrlrb. 
SlQHIFICATION     OF    THE   WORD    "  PnPILLITS  " 

(4"'  S.  iv.  74.)— I  have  no  doubt  that  M.  A.  is 
right.  In  the  sense  of  "  student "  or  "  pupil," 
pupiUiu  would  be  a  barbansm,  and  would  nevsT 
so  be  used  by  any  but  a  mediFcval  writer.  Aa 
authority  for  his  view,  besides  Horace,  M.  A.  baa 
Juvenal  and  Persius,  The  former  says  {Sat.  x. 
222)  :— 

"  Qoot  Builiu  sooios,  qnot  clrcumscripserit  Hirroa 
PupiUoi." 
The  latter  (SM.  ii.  12, 13)  :— 

"...  pupillnmye  otiniim,  qnem  proKimna  liErea 
Impdio,  expangam." 

When  a  good,  classical  word,  alumntu,  waa 
ready  to  hand,  why  should  a  barbarism  have  been 

n  Ox- 
ford man,  I  am  bold  to  say  that  the  Oxford  statute 
book  contfUDS  more  canine  Latin  than  any  other 
book  of  its  uze  in  being.       Edhitnii  Tew,  M.A. 

Patctiing  Rectory. 

La  Salbite  (i'"  S.  iii.  598.)— Youc  corre- 
spondent C.  G.  will  find  an  account  of  this  appa* 
I  ntion  in  the 

"Tiiompho  de  li  Salette,  on  solution  d»  objections  l» 
piai  ep^eoiea  contre  La  Salette,  par  J.  A.  Marmoanier. 
Paris,  LibrairiB  Adrien  Le  Clero  si  C'".  Imprimeura  da 
\,  S.  P.  le  Papa  el  de  I'ArcliovSch*  de  Paris,  Rue  Caa- 
sette  29,  pr*a  S'  Solpioe.  1S57." 

This  book  contains  the  "  Discours  de  la  Belle 
Dame  dictfi  par  Fran^oise  MSlanie  Matbieu  {the 
shepherdess)  k  J.  A.  Marmonnier,  sur  le  lieu 
meme  de  I'apparilion  en  prince  de  trois  prctres, 
de  cinque  laiques  et  du  petit  Pierre  Maximin 
Giraud  ^the  shepherd)  le  5  aout  1647." 

Mention  is  also  made  of '  two  books,  "  sur 
I'fiv&nement  de  laSalette,"by"M.Rou8selot,cha-. 
noine  et  professeur  de  morale  au  grand  s^minaira 
it  Grenoble,"  who,  with  M.Qerin,curSdelaCathi- 
drale  de  Grenoble,''  waa  chosen  "  pour  porter 
ensemble  tea  secrets  des  beigera  de  la  Sniette  aa 
Souverain  Pontife  Pie  IX  ii  Rome." 

Chaklbs  Uaboit. 

"FrsH-HOLB"  (4'"  8.  iii.  596;  iv.  47.)— The 
suggestion  that  fyth  in  this  expression  means  a 


124 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


11^  S.  IV.  August  7,  '69. 


joint  seems  to  me  very  plausible.  From  the  Latin 
/igere  are  formed  the  O.  Fr.  Jlche,  fixed,  firm ; 
jftcher,  to  attach ;  Jichoir,  an  attachment — all  given 
in  Roquefort— and  the  modern  English  Jtshrjoint. 
In  this  sense  the  phrase  is  in  no  way  connected 
with  Jishf  but  means  simply  sound  in  every  link, 
joint-hole.  Besides  which,  the  y&rh  Jicliene,  to 
pierce  with  arrows  or  transfix,  occurs  in  Mort 
ArthurCj  1.  2098 ;  and  again  in  some  other 
passage  of  the  same  poem,  which  Halliwell  merely 
nints  at,  and  to  which  Mr.  Periy  gives  no  refer- 
ence.    See  also  the  word  peg-Jiched  in  HalliwelL 

Waltee  W.  Skeat. 

Plessis:  Park  (4***  S.  iv.  22.) — There  is  no 
difficulty  about  the  derivation  of  the  A.-S.  panntCj 
better  spelt  pearroc.  The  ending  -oc  is  the  dimi- 
nutive ending,  as  in  hillock.  The  root  of  the 
word  is  the  rare  verb  parre,  to  shut  in,  to 
enclose,  which  occurs  in  Havelok  the  JDane 
1.  2439;  which  verb,  however,  is  very  common  in 
the  lengthened  form  sparre  or  sperrCj  to  shut, 
fasten ;  whence  the  English  spar,  a  wooden  bolt 
or  beam.  The  Italian  form  for  bar  is  sbarray  and 
we  easily  see  the  connection  between  har^  parre^ 
and  q)ar.  Hence  pearroc  or  park  is  a  small  en- 
closure, surrounded  by  a  barricade.  The  most 
curious  point  about  the  word  is  that  it  was  used 
in  Old  English  as  a  verb.  We  find  parroky  to 
enclose,  at  least  twice  in  Langland's  Piers  the 
Plowfnan— once  at  p.  312  of  Wright's  edition,  and 
again  at  p.  98  of  Wliitaker's  edition,  in  the  phrase 
"  yparroked  in  puwes,"  rightly  explained  by  Dr. 
Whitaker  as  meaning  *'  imparked  in  church-pews." 
This  last  passage,  by  the  way,  is  said  to  oe  the 
earliest  wherein  the  mention  otpetc^  occurs. 

Walter  W.  Skeat. 

Rhyme  to  Ralph  (4''*  S.  iv.  87.)  — A  good 
rhyme  to  Ralph  will  be  found  in  the  epitaph 
which  Jekyll  wrote  to  oblige  a  ladv,  the  wile  oi  a 
Sir  Ralph,  upon  her  monkey  named  Jem : — 

"  Poor  little  Jem, 
I  am  sorrv  for  him ; 
IM  rather  by  half 
It  had  been  Sir  Ralph.** 

E. 


Royal  ANTEDiLTrviAN  Order  of  Buffaloes 
(4***  S.  iii.  106,  267.) — I  am  in  a  position  to  speak 
upon  the  above  subject,  being  a  member  of  the 
original  order  spoken  of  by  Mr.  Jewitt.  The 
cutting  quoted  by  Mr.  Westbrook  alludes  to  an- 
other branch  of  the  order — the  Independent — they 
having  seceded  from  us,  through  declining  to  re- 
cognise the  Grand  Primo  Lodge  as  the  executive 
head  of  the  order.  This  was  brought  about  by 
the  majority  of  votes  at  the  election  for  Grand 
Primo,  about  a  year  back,  being  against  the  candi- 
date of  a  certain  clique,  and  when  they  found  them- 
selves defeated,  they  declined  to  recognise  the  office 


for  which  they  had  been  striving.    With  regard 
to  the  "  Mother  Lodge  of  England,"  this  was  for 
a  long  time  at  Manchester,  but  for  some  time  past 
the  Manchester  Buffs  have  been  very  supine,  not 
taking  any  interest  in  the  order,  and  scarcely 
answering  any  communications  when  addressed  to 
them.     A  large  number  of  members,  deploring 
this  unsatisfactory  state  of  things,  resolved  to 
have  their  executive  in  London,  and  they  then 
formed  the  Grand  Primo  Lodge  under  the  foster- 
ing wing  of  which  I  am  glad  to  say  a  very  large 
proportion  of  lodges  in  England  are  now  gathered. 
The  Grand  Surrey  Lodge  is,  I  believe,  the  head 
quarters  of  the  Independent  Order,  so  is  conse- 
quently far  from  being  the  Mother  Lodge  of  the 
order.     Mr.  Jewitt  is  altogether  wrong  in  hia 
surmise  that  the  order  is  of  the  class  of  "  Free- 
and-easy  Clubs,"  for  though  "  Conviviality"  is  one 
of  the  mottoes  of  the  society,  I  am  glad  to  say  that 
"Philanthropy" — another  motto— takes  by  far 
the  foremost  place ;  and  though  in  past  times  it 
was  far  otherwise,  improvement  and  regeneration 
have  kept  march  with  the  times,  and  now  if  only 
a  mite  can  be  given  to  a  necessitous  bi*other,  he  ia 
sure  to  fare  better  elsewhere ;  and  though,  as  Mb. 
Jewitt  says,  the  rules  of  the  order  are  amusing, 
he  must  recollect  that  even  Homer  sometimes 
nods,  and  that,  as  our  motto  informs  us,  "  Nemo 
mortalium  omnibus  horis  sapit ;  "  and  where  the 
end  so  desirable  —  philanthropy — is  concerned, 
it  does  not  become  us  to  look  too  closiely  into  the 
means  by  which  such  result  is  obtained,  where 
not  altogether  objectionable.    Should  any  reader 
of  **  N.  &  Q."  desire  further  information  about 
this  society,  I  shall  be  only  too  happy  to  assist 
him  as  far  as  in  me  lies  the  power. 

W.  E.  Harland  Oxlbt. 
15,  Broadway,  Queen  Square,  Westminster. 

Cartularies,  etc.  of  Faversham  Abbey  and 
Davington  Priory  (4**'  S.  iv.  56, 104.)  — I  have 
to  thank  Mr.  Benjamin  Ferrey,  F.S.A.  forhis. 
reply,  and  some  of  your  correspondents  who  have 
courteously  given  me  information  privately  on 
the  subject  of  my  inquiries.  I  am  well  acquamted 
with  the  remaining  portions  of  the  conventual 
buildings  and  the  priory  church  of  Davington.  The 
refectory,  which  stood  entire  until  1781,  was  then 
destroyed  by  an  explosion  of  gunpowder-mills 
situate  at  that  time  at  the  foot  of  the  hill.  If  a 
drawing  is  in  existence  of  this  refectory  I  should 
be  glad  to  hear  of  one.  I  have  several  engravings 
of  the  present  rem  ains.  Mr.  Willement  has  not  been 
able  to  discover  the  cartulary  of  the  priory,  al- 
though Hasted  in  his  History  of  Kent  (fol.  ii.  726, 
&c.)  quotes  one.  A  MS.  was  in  the  Dering 
library  at  Surrenden  some  years  ago,  the  contents 
of  which  were  copied  "oute  of  the  Leeger  of 
Devinton."  Mr.  Willement,  in  his  History  of 
Davington  (Pickering,  1862),  gives  a  copy  of  this 


a  IV.  August  7/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


125 


MS.  which  he  thinks  was  not  improbable  all 
Hasted  had  seen. 

I  am  convinced  the  cartulary  of  Faversham 
Abbey  is  in  existence.  Some  of  your  correspond- 
ents may  hear  .something  of  it,  in  which  case  I 
should  like  to  hear  of  it.  While  I  am  writing  I 
may  perhaps  state  that  I  am  much  in  want  of  a 
diawmg  ot  the  west  front  of  the  parish  churchy 
FaYersham,  which  was  nearly  all  blown  down  by 
the  explosion  mentioned  above.  I  understand 
the  western  entrance  was  Norman ;  the  old  nave  I 
know  was.  Some  writers  have  absurdly  stated 
this  church  was  used  by  the  inmates  of  the  abbey 
adjoining.  George  Bedo. 

S,  Polroas  Boad,  Brixton. 

Bradwardine  Family  (4**»  S.  iii.  577.) — Was 
"  Richard  Pons,  called  Clifford,"  of  any  Pons  or 
Poyntz  family  ?  Was  he  not  the  son  of  William, 
simamed  Ponce  or  Pontius,  Count  of  Arques,  son 
of  Kichard  II.,  Duke  of  Normandy  ? 

In  the  Calendartum  Genealogicujriy  1  Edw.  I. 
[1272-3],  I  find  (the  only  Poyntz  there)  — 

"Dominns  Hugo  Poynz,  filius  praedicti  Nicholai,  est 
Jberefl  ejus  propinqaior,  et  aetatis  viginti  et  unius  anni  et 
ttnto  unplios  quantum  elapsum  est  a  festo  beati  Bar- 
thokmuei  anno  supradictc  "  [l^]. 

Is  this  the  Hugh  of  whom  Mr.  Robixson  is  in 
search  ?  His  father,  Nicholas,  died  in  or  before 
the  above  year.  Hermentrude. 

KiDXAPPHfG   (4.^^  S.  iv.  31.)— The  following 

lae  cited  in  a  foot-note  by  Mr.  Baron  Hume,  in 

his  well-known  work  on  the  Cmninal  Law  of 

SooUtmdy  is  probably  the  one  alluded  to  by  Bed- 

iverojr  in  his  query  on  this  subject :  — 

"Janet  Douglas  had  sentence  of  death  for  the  like 
otkaaot  (child-stealiog)  on  8th  September,  1817.  She  had 
•Colen  a  child  of  three  years  old  at  Edinburgh  on  the 
12th  of  May,  and  -w^as  taken  with  it  on  the  14th  of  May 
at  Halbeath  Collier}^  in  Fife.  She  had  not  in  any  respect 
Bisitsed  the  child,  and  she  received  a  pardon  which  com- 
imted  her  sentence  to  transportation  for  life." 

The  place  where  Douglas  was  apprehended  is 
M  donbt  different  from  that  stated  by  Bebington, 
Vat  Rfe  and  Clackmannan  are  conterminous  coun- 
ties, and  Halbeath  Colliery  is  situated  not  very 
many  miles  from  the  borders  of  the  latter.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  case,  Mr.  Hume  cites  several  others  in 
which  sentence  of  death  was  awarded,  but  in  none 
<rf  them  (with  the  apparent  exception   of  one) 
was  the  "  high  and  ultimate  vengeance  of  the 
W/'  as  he  terms  it,  carried  out.     The  excepted 
^  was  that  of  Rachel  Wright,  who  was  con- 
noted and   sentenced  to   death   at   Glasgow  in 
1809.    As  Hume  makes  no  mention  of  a  commu- 
^tion,  I  infer  that  the  poor  woman  had  suffered 
«e  extreme  penalty  for  an  offence  which  now-a- 
«*y8  is  considered  to  be  amply  atoned  for  by  a 
•cntence  of  from  six  to  nine  months'  imprisonment. 

Zed. 
£<linbiirgh. 


Heraldic:  Fattntlerot  (4*^  S.  iv.  56.) — In 
reply  to  R.  G.  L.,  I  hep  to  inform  him  that  the 
coat  named  in  his  inquiry  is  evidently  that  of 
Fantlerov  of  Wilts,  Cornwall,  Dorset,  and  (as  it 
appears  by  Grant  1633),  Fauntleroy  of  Crundall, 
Hants.  E.  W. 

"  CoNSEiLS  DE  Prud'hom^ies  ''  (4**'  S.  iii.  697.) 
The  origin  of  the  "  prud'hommes "  goes  back  to 
very  early  times.  The  term  "  prud'homme  " 
{homo  prudefis)  was  at  one  time  applied  to  a  judge, 
an  expert,  or  municipal  officer.  In  1296,  m  tne 
reign  of  Philip-le-bel,  the  council  of  the  city  of 
Paris  resolved  to  appoint  twenty-four  **  prud'- 
hommes  "  to  accompany  the  mayor  and  alder- 
men of  the  city  on  their  visits  of  inspection  to  the 
shops  of  traders.  In  1464  the  citizens  of  Lyon 
were  authorised  to  name  a  "  prud'homme  "  to 
settle  the  differences  between  the  merchants  and 
manufacturers  attending  the  fairs.  Subsequently 
at  Lyon  was  established  what  was  termed  a  "  tri- 
bunal commun,"  the  duty  of  which  was  to  settle  in 
a  friendly  way  any  disputes  between  the  silk  manu- 
facturers and  their  work-people.  Such  appears 
to  have  been  the  origin  of  the  present  "  conseils 
de  prud'hommes,"  which  now  play  an  important 
part  in  France  in  relation  to  trade  matters  and  to 
masters  and  men.  They  act  in  many  cases  with  a 
quasi  judicial  authoritj^,  and  also  as  arbitrators. 
Their  functions  are  difficult  to  define,  and  are  not 
easily  made  intelligible  to  us  foreigners,  who  are 
unacquainted  with  the  details  of  legal  procedure 
in  France.  Your  correspondent  will  find  very 
complete  information  as  to  the  constitution  and 
functions  of  these  " conseils^'  in  a  little  work 
under  the  title  of  Code  pratique  des  Pru^hommes, 
par  Th.  Sarrazin,  published  in  Paris  by  Cosse, 
Marchal  et  Cie,  27  Place  Dauphin.  Price,  I  think, 
two  francs.  P.  Le  Neve  Foster. 

A  Slift  op  Beef  (4***  S.  iv.  33.)— To  me  as  a 
Norfolk  man  this  term  is  very  familiar.  The 
joint  is  that  known  to  Londoners  as  the  "silver 
side  of  the  roimd  " ;  the  marrow-bone  goes  with 
it.  P.  Le  Neve  Foster. 

"Odium  Theologicttm  "  at  the  Cape  :  Horsb 

Talk   (2°*  S.   ii.  337.)  — I  find  the  following 

answer  to  a  query  in  an  old  number  of  your 

valuable  work  in  the   Cape  Magazine  for  July, 

1857,  i^which  has  probably  never  reached  your 

readers :  — 

'^I  am  told  that  the  Dutch  boer  at  the  Cape,  after 
loading  his  beast  with  all  sorts  of  epithets  and  terms  of 
reproach,  usually  finishes  off  by  calling  him  an  Armi- 
nian  !  A  curious  instance  of  the  extent  to  which  '  odium 
thcologicum '  may  be  allowed  to  proceed. — E.  H.  A." 
("  N.  <fe  Q."  Oct.  25,  2°*  S.  ii.  337.) 

A  correspondent  signed  Z.  asks  what  can  be  the 
origin  of  this  precious  nonsense?  The  editor 
proceeds  to  remark  that  your  correspondent  gives 
the  worthy  boers  of  the  colony  credit  for  more 


126 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  [4*>»  S.  IV.  August  7,  '69. 


knowledge  of  the  religious  disputes  which  raged 
between  their  forefathers  than  one  io  five  hundred 
of  them  will  be  found  to  possess  —  though  they 
are  Tery  good  Calvinists,  the  difference  between 
Arminius  and  Gomar  has  scarcely  come  to  the 
ears  of  most  of  them — and  gives  the  following 
answer  to  Z.'s  query :  — 

'^  It  is  a  common  practice  for  boers  and  waggon- 
drivers  in  the  country  districts  to  shout  to  tneir 
bullocks  vociferously  enough,  though  not  gene- 
rally reproachfully.  The  animals  are  on  such 
occasions  always  addressed  severally  by  name, 
and  Hermann  is  one  of  the  names  commonly  in 
use.  It  is  probable  that  some  Englishman,  not 
profoundly  versed  in  the  onomatologj  of  the 
Gape,  hearing  this  name  of '  Hermann '  applied  to 
the  oxen,  has  confounded  it  with  the  term  *  Armi- 
nian  ' ;  and,  in  the  spirit  of  a  zealous  member  of 
the.Pickwickian  Club,  communicated  his  discovery 
to  R  H.  A.,  the  correspondent  of  *  N.  &  Q.' " 
{Cape  Mag.  July  1857,  127.) 

I  can  strictly  endorse  the  editor's  remarks,  and 
if  E.  H.  A.  has  not  before  received  an  answer  and 
is  still  alive,  this  will  be  a  curious  case  of  bread 
turning  up  on  the  waters.  H.  Hall. 

Portsmouth. 

Tailor  Stories  aitd  Jokes  (4**»  S.  ii.  437, 687 ; 
iii.  84,  160.) — The  tailor  and  his  trade  have  fur- 
nished a  fertile  theme  for  the  wit  and  satire  of 
the  German  people.  He  is  generally  treated  with 
the  utmost  poetic  injustice,  made  to  quaff  his  wine 
,out  of  a  thimble,  and  makes  his  exit  by  being 
thrown  out  of  a  window,  through  a  key-hole, 
falling  into  the  dirt^  &c.  In  the  Schneiders  MoUen- 
fahrt,  however,  a  tailor,  carried  off  by  demons 
to  make  clothes  for  them,  plays  such  pranks  in 
hell  by  cutting  off  their  tails,  cauterising  them 
with  his  goose,  stitching  up  their  nostrils,  &c., 
that  they  are  only  too  glad  to  get  rid  of  him  — 

"  Ha,  he !  du  Schneiderg*sell, 
Pack  dich  nnr  ans  der  H511 ; 
Wir  braachen  keine  Kleider, 
Es  gehe  wie  es  wSll," — 

and  ends  by  informing  us  — 

"  Dram  holt  der  Teufel  kein  Schneider  mchr, 
Es  stehl  80  viel  er  wbll." 
(Let  him  cabba^  what  he  will). 

There  is  an  admirable  illustration  by  Richter 
to  this  VolksUed  in  the  Deutsches  JBaUadenbtich, 
Leip.  1862.  Even  illustrious  poets,  such  as  Goethe 
and  Chamisso,  did  not  consider  it  infra  dig.  to 
write  Schneiderlieder ;  witness  the  Schneider- 
achreck  of  the  one  and  Kleidermachermuth  of  the 
other,  in  which  latter  the  tailors,  rising  in  revolt 
and  gaining  the  day,  propose  three  conditions: 
first,  to  abolish  workwomen ;  the  second,  to  be 
allowed  to  smoke  in  the  street ;  the  third,  although 
the  most  important  of  all,  they  cannot  make  up 
their  mind  what  it  is  to  be. 

C.  Herlossohn  has  also  given  an  amusing  Schnei- 


derUedy  *'Von  den  drei  Schneidern."  Amongst 
the  anonymous  Volklieder  on  this  subject  is  the 
well-known  one  of  Neimmal  Netmzig  neune^ 
which,  however,  appears  founded  on  one  of  a 
much  earlier  date,  which  is  almost  untranslat- 
able. 

There  is  also  an  old  German  proverb  relating 
to  tailors,  the  equivalent  to  our  *'Nine  tiulors 
make  a  man ''  — 

"  Sechzehn,  siebzehn  Schneider  gehen  auf  ein  Pfand, 
Und  wenn  sie  das  nicht  wiegen,  so  sind  £ie  nicht 
gesund." 

H.  H. 

Portsmouth. 

Douglas  Jerrold  and  Byron  (4**»  S.  iv.  63.) 

The  idea  is  much  older  than  Byron,  to  whom  it 

is  assigned  by  your  correspondent  D.  B.     It  will 

be  found  in  the  "  Equivocation "  by  Gay.    The 

colloquy  is  between  a  bishop  and  an  abbot.    The 

bishop  advises  — 

*'  These  indiscretions  lend  a  handle 
To  lewd  lay  tongues  to  gi^e  us  scandal : 
For  your  vow's  sake,  this  rule  I  give  t*ye. 
Let  all  your  maids  be  turned  of  fifly. 


(( 


The  priest  replied,  I  have  not  swerved. 

But  your  chaste  precept  well  observed  ; 

That  lass  full  twenty-five  has  told, 

I've  yet  another,  who's  as  old ; 

Into  one  sum  their  ages  cast, 

So  both  my  maids  ha,y^  fifty  past.* 


»» 


C.  B.  T. 

OxENSTiERNA:  Mrs.  Afra  Behn  (4''»  S.  i7. 
73.)  —  In  respect  to  the  famous  remark  as  to  the 
government  of  the  world,  it  strikes  me  that 
Chancellor  Oxenstiem  is  as  amenable  to  tlie 
charge  of  plagiarism  as  Mrs.  Behn  can  be.  An 
observation  to  the  self-same  intent  as  the  passa^ 
beginning  "  Nescis  mi  fill "  is  to  be  found  m] 
Selden,  who  gives  it,  not  as  original,  but  as  a  quo- 
tation from  a  writer  of  antiquity.  Years  ago  I; 
transcribed  the  passage  from  oelden  in  a  common-- 
place  book ;  but  the  book  is  at  the  bottom  of  the 
sea,  and  I  cannot  charge  my  memory  now  to 
repeat  the  precise  words.  The  deficiency  will,  I 
have  no  doubt^  be  at  once  supplied  by  one  of  your. 
readers. 

2.  Have  we  not  all  along  persisted  in  putting 
a  wrong  construction  on  Oxenstiem's  words  P  In 
the  first  place, /7ni(/e/2^m  is  neither  wit  nor  wisdonii 
but  prudence ;  in  the  next,  is  not  the  real  meanmg 
of  the  phrase,  not  "  You  know  not,  my  son,  witn 
what  little  wisdom  men  are  governed,"  but 
'*  You  little  know,  my  son,  how  small  an  amount 
of  prudence  is  required  in  order  to  govern  men  "  ? 
The  all  but  universal  acceptation  of  Oxenstiem'a 
apophthegm  is  that  politicians  are  mainly  imbeciles, 
and  that  the  government  of  the  world  is,  as  a  rule, 
confided  to  blockheads.  Indeed,  I  have  frequently 
seen  the  passage  given  in  English  as  '^  BehoIcL 
my  son,  with  what  little  wisdom,"  &c.  I  contend 
that  the  chancellor  meant  to  point  out  that  if  atatea* 


.] 


4*  S.  IV.  AvGVST  7,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


127 


men  would  onlj  employ  a  little  prudence  men 
might  be  goyemed  with  ease  and  success. 

I  am  sincerely  glad  that  this  fragment  of 
Oxenstienia  should  haye  cropped  up  in  '*  N.  &  Q./' 
for  the  misquoted  words  of  the  cnancellor,  with 
a  mistaken  sense  (to  my  thinking)  attached  to 
them,  are  pexpetually  reappearing  in  leading  arti- 
cles in  the  dBoly  and  weekly  press;  and  ^'As 
Chancellor  Oxenstiem  wrote  to  his  son"  has 
became  as  great  a  nuisance  in  journalism  as  '^  It 
was  a  wit^  remark  of  La  Kochefoucauld/'  or 
"QW  Cohbett  once  said  of  William  Pitt." 

G.  A.  Sala. 

Makob  op  Kibton  ts  Ld^dset  (4"*  S.  iii.  678.) 
There  certainly  are  two  or  three  errors  on  the 
flnrface  of  Allen's  account.  ''  Hugh  Audby " 
should  be  "  Audley  " ;  ''  Elizabeth,  widow  of  the 
Earl  of  Huntingdon/'  should  be  either  ^'Eliza- 
bethy  daughter/'  or  "Julian,  widow." 

By  far  the  best  authority  on  the  subject  will 
be  the  pod  mortem  Inquisitions  of  the  grantees. 
These  may  be  found  under  the  following  dates : 
Margaret  Audley,  1342,  16  Edw.  III.  (ay.  would 
not  the  manor  pass  to  her  daughter  Margaret, 
Lady  Stafford  ?)  ;  William,  Earl  of  Huntingdon, 
1864,  28  Edw.  III.;  Julian,  his  widow,  13G7, 
41-2  Edw.  m. ;  Elizabeth,  his  daughter,  1421-2, 
9  Henry  V.  The  "  Earl  of  Chandos  "  should  pro- 
bably lie  *'  Sir  John  Chandos,"  the  famous  com- 
pmion-in-arms  of  the  prince.  His  Inquisition,  if 
extant,  will  be  dated  about  1370,  44  Edw.  III. 

Hermentrtjde. 

Hksalikic  (4***  S.  iv.  64,  &c.)— It  is  a  pity  that 

jooroonespondent  Shem  should  misrepresent  the 

optnimi  of  old  Feme  on  the  right  of  a  person  not 

bom  of  an  armi^erous  father  to  coat  armour,  by 

only  quoting  half  what  he  says.    After  the  state- 

Bient  quoted  by  Shem,  he  goes  on  to  say  — 

**  by  the  meere  right,  and  determination  of  the  law,  such 
a  ttnrles  aon  can  not  bcare  aiiye  coat-armour  iu  ey ther 
flf  the  cases  aforesaide." 

The  observations  quoted  by  Shem  merely  apply 
to  two  foregoing  headings,  viz.  "  Insolency  of  the 
feminine  sexe,*'  and  "  No  controlling  of  women 
within  the  order  of  the  lawes."  G.  W.  M. 

Bally  (4'*»S.  iv.  10,  60.)— 0  Erin,  my  country, 
when  will  you  be  allowed  to  have  had  a  right  to 
antiquities,  manners,  customs,  or  language  an- 
terior to  the  arrival  of  the  black  flag  ?  Behold 
Oims  endeavouring,  in  the  nineteenth  century,  to 
persuade  us  that  his  countrymen  (for  he  must  be 
a  Dane)  gave  the  name  boliff  to  nearly  every  dis- 
trict and  townland  throughout  the  island. 

I  did  not  think  it  was  worth  wasting  paper, 
ink,  or  time  on  the  subject,  and  therefore  it  is 
only  for  the  information  of  A.  M.  S.  that  I  men- 
tion O'Reilly's  Dictionary,  1817,  gives  ^^  Baile,  a 
town,  a  village,  a  home.*'  This  word  is  easier 
Anglicised  to  hallyy  and  is  of  a  more  intelligible 


description,  besicles  being  Celtic,  thair  a  foreign 
word  like  holig,  LiOM.  F. 

Cake  (4^  S.  iv.  74. Wit  is  inquired  by  T.P.F. 
what  is  the  origin  of  tnis  name  for  an  unwise  per- 
son. In  Norfolk  a  person  is  called  cakey  who  is 
soft  and  silly,  and  not  possessed  of  ordinary  good 
sense.  Softness  being  usually  associated  with  a 
cake,  its  application  to  a  silly  person  is  very 
natural.  F.  C.  H. 

The  High  and  Low  Gebmait  Lanoita&es 
(4'*'  S.  iv.  74.)  —  I  recommend  Mr.  Howobth  to 
consult  Noeh den's  German  Grammar.  The  in- 
troduction gives  a  clear  and  very  satisfactory 
account  of  High  and  Low  German,  the  origin  of 
their  distinction,  the  peculiarities  of  pronuncia- 
tion of  each,  and  the  parts  of  Germany  where 
they  respectively  prevail.  The  great  German 
grammarian  Adelung  may  also  be  consulted. 

F.  C.  H. 

«  The  Scare  op  Gold  and  Blue  "  (4*'»  S.  iii. 
405.) — This  ballad  is  to  be  found  in  The  Poetical 
Album  and  Register  of  Modem  Fugitive  Poetry^ 
edited  by  A.  A.  Watts,  published  by  Hurst, 
Chance  &  Co. ;  2nd  Series,  1829.  It  is  there 
said  to  be  by  H.  G.  Bell,  Esq.,  and  is  quoted  from 
the  Literary  Souvenir;  no  date.  M.  W, 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

Bible  Animals  ;  beit^  a  Description  of  every  Living  CreO' 
ture  mentioned  in  the  Scriptures,  from  the  Ape  to  the 
Coral.  By  the  Rev.  J.  G.  Wood,  M.A.,  F.L.iS.  With 
One  Hundred  New  Designs  by  W.  F.  Keyl,  J.W. 
Wood,  and  A.  E.  Smith,  engraved  by  G.  Pearson. 
(Longmans.) 

As  Mr.  Wood  well  remarks,  "  Qwing  to  the  conditions 
of  time,  language,  conntiy,  and  race,  ander  whicJi  the 
various  books  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  were  written,  it  is 
impossible  that  they  should  be  rightly  understood  at  the 
present  day  and  in  this  land  without  the  aid  of  many 
departments  of  knowledge."  In  this  handsome  volume 
Mr.  Wood  presses,  and  very  eflfectively,  natural  histonr 
into  the  service  of  the  biblical  student,  confining  himself 
for  the  present,  indeed,  to  only  one  department  of  it, 
namely,  Zoology.  This  object  lie  carries  out  by  taking, 
in  its  proper  succession,  every  creature  whose  name  is  m 
the  Scriptures,  and  supplying  so  much  of  its  history  as 
will  enable  the  reader  to  understand  all  the  passages  in 
which  it  is  mentioned ;  and  a  very  cursory  examinatioa 
of  Mr.  Wood's  book  will  show  how  imperfectly  the  full 
force  of  such  passages  can  be  gathered  without  that 
peculiar  knowledge  which  it  is  Mr.  Wood's  business  to> 
supply.  '1  be  idea  of  the  book  is  certainly  a  very  happy 
one ;  and,  as  our  readers  know,  Mr.  Wood  is  not  the  man* 
to  spoil  a  good  idea  by  want  of  pains  in  carrving  it  oat» 
His  Bible  Animals,  which  is  beautifully  illustrated,  is 
therefore  well  calculated  to  add  to  his  reputation  as  one 
of  our  most  popular  writers  on  Natural  History,  and  is 
admirably  calculated  as  a  present  to  an  intelligent  god- 
child. 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIEa  t**s.iv.  AoeuwT.'BS. 


SitlcliH  of.the  Soulli  ami  Wat;   or  Tea  M/Mlh^  Bai- 
denct  in  Ihe  UnUid  Staltt.    By  ReoT^  Deedea.  (Blick- 

A  pleasant,  cbeecy,  f^ottiping  Tolame,  in  which  the 
author  gives  as  in  a  Hmplc  unpretending  msniiar  ao 
account  of  irhat  he  saw  and  did  during  his  ten  months 
spcDt  in  the  States. 


AmitJAL    InTCRNATIOSAL     EXOtBTTIONS    a 

Works  of  Fihe  and  Industrial  Art  an 
TiFic  IFVENT10X3. — The  following  important 
ment  haajust  been  isauBd  ; —  _ 

Her  Majesty's  Commissione 


Select 


X  that  the  first 

national  Eiihibitions  of  selected  Work 

duBtrial  Art  will  be  opened  la  London 


of  F 


Annual  Ii 


South  Kensing- 

let  Ma?  1871,  and  be  cloKd  on 
Saturday  the  30th  September,  1871. 

The  Exhibitions  will  take  place  in  permanent  boild- 
inga,  about  to  be  erected,  adjoining  the  arcades  of  the 
BotxI  Hortionltural  Garden*. 

The  productions  of  all  Nations  will  be  admitted,  sub- 
ject to  obtaining  the  certificate  of  competent  judges  that 
the;  are  of  sufficient  excellence  to  be  worthj  of  eihibi. 
tion. 

The  objects  m  the  first  exhibition  wjU  consist  of  the 
following  classes,  for  each  of  which  will  be  appointed  a 
Bcporler  and  a  separate  Committee. 

I.  FuiK  Abtb:— 1.  Painting  of  all  kinds,  in  Oil,  Water 
Colouis,  Enamel,  Forcelain,  Ac  2-  Sculptore  in  Marble, 
Wood,  Stone,  Teira-Cotta,  Metal,  Ivory,  and  other  Mate- 
rials. 3.  Engravings,  Litbiwraphy,  Piiotography,  dtc. 
4.  Architectural  Designs  and  Models.  5.  Tapestries,  Em- 
fcriuderie!!,  l.sce,  Ac.  shown  for  their  Fine  Art  and  not  as 
tnannfecturee.  6.  DeeigDS  fbr  all  kinds  of  decorative 
Mannfacturcs.  7.  Copies  of  andent  Picturei,  Enamels. 
Reproductions  in  Platter.  Electrotypes  of  fine  ancient 
Works  of  Art,  dc 

[[.  SciBflTinc  iNTKSTtoxa  Am  Naw  Discotbrieb 
of  all  kinds. 

III.  Masufaotores:— H.  Pottery  of  all  kinds,  in- 
cluding that  used  in  building,  viz.,  Earthenware,  Stone- 
ware, Forcelain,  Parian,  Ac,  with  Machinery  and  Pro- 
ceases  fbr  the  preparation  of  such  manufactures,  b.  Wool 
and  Worsted  Fabrics,  with  the  Raw  Produce  and  Ma- 
chinery  for  Manufartores  in  the  same.  c.  Educational ; 
1.  School  Buildings,  Fittings,  Furniture,  &c  2.  Books, 
Maps,  Globes,  &c  S.  Appliances  for  Physical  Training, 
including  Toys  and  Glmes.  4.  Specimens  and  Illustra- 
tions of  Modes  of  teaching  Fine  Art.  Natural  History, 
and  Physical  Science. 

IV.  HoRTicnt,TURE:  — International  Exhibitions  of 
new  and  rare  Planta.  and  of  Fruits.  Vegetables,  Flowers, 
and  Plants  showing  specialities  of  cultivation,  will  be 
lidd  by  the  Royal  Horticultural  Society  in  conjunction 
with  the  above  Exhibidons. 

It  is  with  much  regret  thai  we  record  the  death  of  Mr. 
E,  J.  Wood,  whose  nome  is  familiar  to  the  readers  of 
"S.  A  Q.."  and  communications  Irom  whom  appear  in 
our  present  volume,  pp.  9,  lU.  Mn.  Wood,  who  died  on 
Julv  2.  was  first  known  as  co-editor  with  the  late  Mr. 
Pinks  of  Tht  Hatory  of  CltrkrTurrll.  and  since  then  has 
compiled  the  following  works  :— Tie  CWnoriti"  n/  CToc*j 
and  irnlditi !  The  IKedding  Day  in  all  Agtt  and  Owi 


I  found  occupation  in  the  arrangement  of  private  librariet 
and  other  collections,  and  in  the  compilation  of  cata- 
logues for  various  auctioneers.  The  DeKiiplivr  Calahgta 
I  nfihe  Btiafog  Cabinet  of  Ttadtn'  Taicne,  of  which  two 
editions  have  been  printed  at  the  expense  of  the  Corpora- 
tion of  the  City  of  London,  was  also  his  work.  His 
accumulations  were  very  varied,  but  comprised  tome 
articles  of  interest  and  value,  as  will  be  seen  from  the 
followinc  quotations  from  the  several  sales  of  his  pro- 
pertv.  In  the  Catalogue  of  his  Coins  msy  be  named 
54  i^ew  England  halfpennies,  1G94,  though  a  poor  ei- 
.  ample,  lOt  5i.  (Johnston.)  65.  Five  American  coint, 
I  balfpenuies  178S-96,  6i.  I2>.  6(£.  (Webster.)  o6.  Eight 
American  halfpennies,  1776,  &C.,  8i  (Webster.)  la  tha 
I  Catalogae  of  ItoDks~553.  Wedgwood's  Catalogue  (^ 
)  China,4/.  6s.(Addington.)  643.  Pilkinglon's  Dictionwty 
I  of  Fainter^  with  additional  itlustntions,  121.  f  B.  F.  Sta- 
.  vens.)  i;;i3.  A  parcel  of  old  newt  letters,  ISJ:  (Akad). 
i  1653.  Collections  for  the  History  of  Drurv  Lane  ThMtn 
I  (formerly  Mr.  James  Winston's),  12/.  6».  (Boone.)  SSe*. 
!  Hr.  Bum's  Collections  for  the  Uistorv  of  the  SaTirr 
I  Precinct,  U.  I6i.  (Fawcett)  2963.  Wllk'inson't  Loudlna 
lUuttrata,  with  additional  prints.  17/.  ISi.  (J.  RimelL)  In 
the  Catalogue  of  China— le.  A  Iruit  dish  of  Biiitol 
I  China,  Ac  6/.  h%.  (Woreham.)  69.  A  bowl  witk 
makers'  names  "John  aud  Eliz,  Roberta,  1781 " 
(?  of  Bristol),  \hX.  16f.  (H.  G.  Bohn.)  206.  FourToBi- 
nay  caps  and  stands,  U.  12j.  6d.  fLane.)  In  the  Cat^ 
logue  of  Engravings : — G6.  A  lot  of  portraita  of  oallectK% 
.  12/.  lai.  (Fawcett.)  133.  lUustratioos  of  soma  of  tha 
.  metropollUn  minor  theatres,  8/.  10(.  (NoKda.)  148. 
:  Views  of  London  Exteriors  and  Public  Building*.  IBt 
I  (Fawcett.)  &Ir.  Bum's  own  collections  for  the  Hirtaw 
'  of  Public  Amusement^  in  lota  208,  2G2,  lOlt.  »*.  W 
(cbiefiy  Hotten,  Fawcett,  and  RimeU.)  253.  A  lot  </ 
Bartolozii  tickets,  161.  (FawcetL)  290.  Fifty-four  di*- 
matjc  portraits  and  scene  prints,  19J.  ISi.  (Xosedo.)  SOL 
A  collection  of  dramatic  portraits,  26t  10».  (Harrey.) 
322.  Coileclion  of  portraits  of  ladies,  131.  he.  (SlmeU.) 
333.  Series  of  miscellaneous  portraits,  401.  Stevens. 


UinuiDtearfi. 


tthel 


I  of  his  . 


he  was  engaged  on  another  work  entitled  Early  B' 
and  DtinAingt  of  Ale  and  Beer. 

Thr  Bobs  Ci'llectios.— The  collections  of  the  late 
Mr.  J.  H.Bum  have  just  been  dispersed  under  the  hammer 
of  Mesiirs.  Futllck  &  Simpson  of  Leicester  Square.  Mr. 
Bum  was   in  former  years  a  bookseller,  but  recently 


4»s.iv.AtrGPBTU,m]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


r,  BATiTRBAr,  Auauar  h  isss. 


CONTENTS.— N»  85. 

aOTBa:  — IUido1phAokermun,of  the  Strnid, Publliher, 
UB— Bcarborough  9olk-lorB,lSl -The  Sftbbatb  Epfitle, 
la— PreiBrtn  md  l^nM^  74.  —  IlluminMinK :  »  Sug- 
^mon  —  Soottiih  Pamilin  Eitioct  — Proverb;  "Etill 
WatarB  ran  deep  "  —  Tho  Deformed  Toinifomied  — 
Cmioiu  Old  H«ing  —  CaabinE  Arms  —  Tbe  Heron  in 
l^iit,IS3. 

QITBBIBSi'-Uala  — Dead  Donkers— Hi^nrth's  "lAuith- 
IW  AmUonce"  — HiltoD'aGnnddnuKhter-Nief  orNiea 
-AMttn'»  Diioiplii»-Pmverb-WbBn»nd  where  does 
tha  tKhnieal  Term  "  Beuiiiunce  "  flnt  occur  1  -  Sonnet : 
«uiled:  "Let  no  MinmiluB  lips  deapiae  thy  youth"  — 
Lite  of  Tranalateil  WoAa  -  Verkolje  -  Who  threw  tbe 


*i^  bmk  la  Destb  "  -  FopuUr  Names  of  IManta : 
Btflin  Mgle  —  French  HuguoDota  at  the  Cape  —  Scotllsh 
^Mvterona,  ftc  — Sun-diula  — Popuittioo  of  Londoa, 
iim-  Hanry  11.  —  Cardinal  of  York  —  Heyre  —  Free 
IMa— Hevae— Uethoil  Cmdiclion  — A  Cunbridse- 
AftBfh— DuokmE-etwlandCueklnai-stool  — Bteamahipa 
VedMol  —  EarUeat  Speoimen*  of  Piper  —  Hall  FauiUles 
—Bella  and  Gnwa  —  Biblical  Heraldry  —  Park  -  Piecea 
ftanll98.ND.VI.  — SberbourneHimil— A  Cancellaiiaa 
QiMilnMon.AcMt. 


fiatei. 

RUDOLPH  ACKERMANN, 

TTie  Pottical  Magadne,  1800-11,  was  another 
(brtunAte  speculfltion,  for  it  contained  the  first 
Tow  ofI>r.  Syittai,  rep.  1813.  The  wcood  Tour, 
1830;  the  third  row,  1821;  the  republicstion  of 
tiuim,  1S23,  in  a  smaller  form  I  iha  English  Dance 
rfDtath,  1815-0;  the  Dance  of  Life,  1816-7;  the 
SiMort/  and  Life  of  Johnny  Qiue  Genua,  the  Little 
FamuOing,  1822 :  all,  like  Dr.  Syntax,  with  text 
by  CoiiiI>e  to  plates  by  Rowlandaon,  had  fur  cora- 
{uioDa  the  Military  Adoeniurea  of  Johauy  New- 
ofm,  with  12  pi.  aifter  Rowlandson,  1816;  and 
the  Adifentiires  of  a  Griffin,  the  History  of  Tom 
Bam,  the  East  ludian  CadH,  1827. 

Sapwately,  he  published  the  Poetical  Sketches 
0f  Scarbormi'jh,  21  pi.  after  Jamea  Oreen  of 
LoDdon,  with  text  Higned  "J.  P."  (by  J.  B. 
P»p«orth'),  text  signed  "  W."  (by  the  Bev. 
Francis  Wrang-ham),  and  tent  unsignea  by  Combe, 
1B13:  ftlflo,  the  Iliaory  of  Madeira,  27  pL,  with 
text  by  Combe,  1821 ;  and  the  Picturesque  and 
Dtm^ptive  Tour  in  the  MowUaiiu  of  the  High 
Pyrtmes,  24  pi.  by  J.  Hardy,  182.') — works  which 
were  of  the  bairb  class  as  the  republications  from 
tbe  ReposUory. 
The  followiDg  list  contains  other  publications 

*  Coacladed  from  p.  1 12. 


more  or  less  anonymou^  in  which  he  specnlttted; 

thoae  marked  *  hare  coloured  plates. 


'Trial  of  Viacount  Melville,  1805, 

Smich'a  New  UnivenaB  Penmaa,  40  pi. 

•Upham's  Hiatory  and  Doctrine  of  Budhiam,  *3  pi. 

Characceriatic  Portraits  of  the  Various  Tribes  of  Cos- 
sacks, 24  pi.,  1820. 

Jelf 'a  Kecollections  of  Italy,  IS  pL 

Keweaham'a  Pictuieaque  Viewa  pf  the  Antiqaities  of 
Ireland,  104  pL 

Subjects  sdacted  from  the  Work*  of  T.  Slothwd,  E.A„ 

rt'a  Analvtical  Eaaaj  on  the  Con- 
u.  ^a^nL,x^.  18  pL,  translated  1820. 
AntiquidBs  of  York,  40  pL,  w 


61  pi.,  1830. 
Lanj  and 


tSIR. 


by  Combe, 

'Eleam's  Treatise  on  Sural  Arobitecture  of  Eagland, 
.J03.  ^ 

Views  of  CottBEes  and  Farm  Houses  of  England,  G2  pL, 
1816,  etched  by  Francis  Stevens  after  Chalon,  Cristall, 
DelazDotte,  Grainger,  Hills,  Mann,  Norris,  Proot,  Pyne, 
S.  Slcrens,  C.  Varley,  J.  Varler,  Webatei,  and  Wilson. 

ClaaMcal  Oraamanls,  120  pi.,  1817-19. 

*  Robertson's  Omamental  GardeniDg,  24  pi.,  1800. 

'Robertson'a  HoChonsee  and  Usefiu  Gaidenins,  34  pL, 
1798, 

SomerriUe's  Rural  Sports,  16  desigiu  by  Thunton, 
cut  by  NesbitC,  1813. 

■Costume  of  the  Netherlands,  30  pi.,  1817. 

Designs  by  the  Princen  Elizabeth,  6  pi.,  engrared  by 
Thielcke,  1813,  with  text  by  Combe ;  and  another  aeries, 
"  The  Progress  of  Genius,"  without  text,  1816. 

Albert  DUrer's  Prayer-Book.  4S  pL,  1H17, 

Atkinson's  Incidents  of  Engliah  BiaTeiy.  16  pi,,  I8IB. 

•Char«:tet8  of  Sir  Henry  Welltaley's  Sail,  13  pi.,  1828, 

•Woodward's  Olio  of  Good  Breeding. 

J.  0.  Davie's  Letters  front  Buanoa  Ayres  and  Chili, 


ommon  Prayer,  1! 
t  by  Scott.  1816. 
Cause's  Introduction  to  the  Art  of  Painting  in  Oil- 


Buchanan's  Treatise  on  Propeinng  Teisela  by  Stflan, 
IT  pi.,  1816. 

Lockhart's  Method  of  Approximating  towards  the 
Roots  of  Cubic  Eqaations  belonging  to  the  Irredudble 
Case,  1813. 

Narrative  of  the  Battle  of  Leipsic,  &c,  1814. 

Blair's  Grave,  with  designs  by  Blake,  engraved  by 
Scbiavonetti,  1818. 

Richter's  Daylight,  1817. 

Dr.  Si<:kler's  Topographical  and  Panoramic  Survey  tX 
the  Campagns  di  Roma,  1812. 

Warden's  Letters,  1817. 

Shoberl's  Historical  Account  and  Biographical  Ansc- 

Refnri 


■tee nth  Century. 
H.  l-avater's  Inlr 


n  the  Catbolic  Church  of  Germany  in  tbt 


ilrodnction  to  the  Study  of  the  Allfc- 
V  of  Ihe  Human  Bodv,  27  pi.,  translatfd,  1823. 

Voarinn's  Healthful  Sports  for  Young  Ladles  (the  oriinn 
of  "calisthenics 'I,  11  p!.,  1827. 

Accnm's  Practical  Treatise  on  Gas  Light,  7  pL,  1816. 

Accum'a  Culinary  Chemistry,  1820. 


130 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  [4«»  S.  l v.  August  14,'69. 


Capt,  Balassa*8  Art  of  Shoeing  without  the  Application 
of  Force,  1828. 

Christmas  Tales,  1825. 

Geotfry  Gambado's  Academy  for  Grown  Horsemen, 
1809,  with  plates  by  Rowlandson. 

Ghost  Stories,  G  pi.,  1823. 

•Asiatic  Costumes,  44  pi. 

Krummacher's  Moral  Fables,  1823. 

Barnes's  Young  Artist's  Companion. 

Parry's  Poems. 

Ignatio  Nitrez's  Account  of  the  United  Provinces  of  Sio 
de  la  Plata ;  translated  1825. 

Astro-Chronometer,  1821. 

•Nash's  Illustrations  of  the  Palace  at  Brighton,  1826. 

With  the  amusing  toys  of  the  Panoraraacopia,  Phanta- 
scope.  Fables  in  Action,  Endlass  Metamorphoses,  Change- 
able Ladies,  Changeable  Gentlemen  (both  in  1819),  York 
and  Lancaster,  The  Sphinx,  Sibylline  Cards,  and  Sibyl's 
Leaves,  as  well  as  the  Geometrical  and  Architectural 
Recreations,  both  1820. 

Special  notice  should  be  taken  of  the  forty- 
three  volumes  of  the  World  in  Miniature^  com- 
menced in  1821  by  T.  Rowlandson,  and  finished 
by  W.  H.  Pyne,  1820,  with  637  plates ;  and  also 
of  the  "Annual"  class  of  books  illustrated  with 
fine  engravings. 

The  names  of  some  of  Mr.  Ackermann's  artistic 
coadjutors  have  appeared  in  the  preceding  lines : 
many  others  might  be  added;  and  a  loDg  list 
could  be  formed  by  enumerating  the  literary, 
musical,  and  scientific  men,  of  more  or  less  emin- 
ence, who  enjoyed  his  intimacy.  Several  of  them 
owed  to  him  a  helping  hand,  either  in  their  first 
efforts  or  in  their  declining  fortunes.  To  the  end 
of  his  days  he  retained  a  strongly  marked  German 
pronunciation  of  the  English  language,  which 
gave  additional  flavour  to  the  "banters  and  jests 
uttered  in  his  fine  bass  voice  j  but  he  wrote  in 
English  with  great  purity  on  matters  of  affection 
and  of  business  long  before  middle  life.  Mr.  Jor- 
dan, in  his  commimication  to  the  Leisure  Hour  of 
February  1,  1869,  gives  a  false  impression  on  this 
and  other  points. 

The  most  general  and  the  "genteelest"  New 
Year's  Gift  was,  for  a  long  period,  the  Somer" 
set  House  Almanack — so  called  from  a  print  of 
the  old  palace  of  our  dowager  queens,  which 
was  folded  in  and  sewed  as  a  frontispiece.  A 
copy  of  this  almanack,  bound  in  yellow,  blue,  or 
red  morocco,  and  inserted  in  a  case  of  the  same 
material  ornamented  with  gold;  served  our  great- 
grandmothers  as  a  pocket-book.  It  was  suc- 
ceeded by  annual  publications  which  were  really 
diaries  under  a  variety  of  titles,  and  were  orna- 
mented with  vignettes  designed  by  Stothard, 
Bumey,  Corbould,  &c.,  and  with  small  views  of 
mansions  from  the  portfolio  of  the  landscape- 
gardener  Repton.  In  1822,  Mr.  Ackermann  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  rivalling  in  England  the 
Taschen-huch  of  Germany,  which  was  the  general 
name  for  a  class  of  volumes  annually  prepared  in 
that  country  as  a  diary  and  collection  of  tales  and 


line  engravings.  He  therefore  produced  from 
1825  the  Forget -me-Not  (not  as  Mr.  Jerdan  erro- 
neously says,  The  Keepsake),  edited  till  its  deaths 
in  1847,  by  Frederic  Shoberl,  in  a  form  which 
at  that  time  was  unique  in  England  in  regard 
of  its  typography  and  pictorial  embellishmente. 
The  success  of  this  venture  excited  other  pub- 
lishers to  produce  similar  publications:  thus 
Mr.  Relfe  started  the  Friendship's  Offeiing,  edited 
at  first  by  T.  K.  Hervey,  but  afterwards  by 
0.  Knight  and  T.  Pringle  (1824-44);  while 
Messrs.  Hurst  and  Co.  commenced  the  QraceSf 
or  Literary  Souvenir,  edited  by  A.  A.  Watts; 
the  latter  slightly  varied  from  the  plan  of  Mr. 
Ackermann,  but  the  former  more  nearly  re- 
sembled it;  the  prints,  however,  of  Friendships 
Offering  were  of  a  less  poetic  cast,  being  views  of 
foreign  cities  and  towns,  and  the  literary  portion 
was  not  suited  to  the  sentimental  title.  In  1825 
Messrs.  Westley  and  Co.  commenced  the  Amulet,  or 
Christian  and  Literary  Rememhrancer,  edited  by 
S.  C.  Hall,  which  was  announced  as  being  im- 
tended  to  be  more  "  serious "  than  its  contem- 
poraries ;  and,  as  the  Pledge  of  Friendship,  edited 
by  T.  Hood,  Mr.  Marshall  commenced  another 
imitation  that  took  (1829)  the  title  of  The  Gem, 
Yet,  with  all  this  rivalry,  fifteen  thousand  copies 
of  tlie  Forget-me-Not  were  sold  in  1826.  Conse- 
quently in  1827  The  Bijou,  edited  by  H.  Nicolai^ 
made  its  appearance,  accompanied  by  Mr.  Heath's 
speculation,  The  Keepsake :  both  made  g^eat  pre- 
tensions to  superiority  over  their  predecesson; 
but  the  latter,  although  some  of  its  engravings 
were  unequalled,  was  considered  inferior  in  its 
literary  portion  to  any  of  its  predecessoA.  The 
same  year  saw  the  appearance  of  the  Winter's 
Wreath,  edited  by  A.  11.  (1828-32),  and  of  Croftoa 
Croker's  Christinas  Box.  For  1829  were  pub- 
lished. The  Anniversary^  edited  by  A.  Cunninff^ 
ham ;  T.  Roscoe's  Juvenile  Keepsake :  Mrs.  S.  0, 
IlalPs  Juvenile  Forget-me-Not ;  and  Mr.  Watts's 
Neio  Year's  Gift :  so  that  the  year  1829  possessed 
a  choice  among  nine  annuals  and  four  juvenile 
ones,  besides  one  other  in  French  which  was  pub- 
lished by  Mr.  Ackermann.  This  makes  only  thirteen 
English  annuals  in  that  year,  whereas  Mr.  Jerdan 
repeats  an  assertion  that  nineteen  were  then  in 
existence;  but  he  may  be  right  in  calculating 
that,  in  1840,  there  were  only  nine,  and  that  in 
1856  the  "Annuals"  expired. 

The  Autobiography  and  Memoirs  of  Ferdinand 
Franck,  commenced  in  the  Forget-me-Not  for  1828^ 
was  written  by  Lewis  Engelbach,  and  published 
in  a  complete  form  in  1826.  In  1827  Mr.  Acker- 
mann returned  to  No.  96,  Strand,  which  premises 
he  had  rebuilt  from  the  designs  of  the  eminent 
architect  J.  B.  Papworth,  whom  he  had  intro- 
duced to  the  service  of  the  King  of  Wurtemburg. 

The  friendships  made  by  Mr.  Ackermann  were 
so  firm  that  they  were  unaffected  by  the  great  die* 


4«k  s,  IV.  August  14,  '69.]  NOTES   AND    QUERIES. 


131 


solver  of  amity — rivalship  :  thus  when  there  was 
occasion  to  mention  him  in  the  periodical  called 
the  Somerset  Jfome  Gazette,  conducted  bv  W.  II. 
Pyne,  whose  business  transactions  \^h  him  for 
aboat  twenty  years  had  died  out,  the  writer  (Pyne 
himself)  penned  the  following  eulogistic  para- 
graphs:— 

"Every  season,  and  each  month  of  every  season,  for 
many  a  year,  we  may  almost  venture  to  aver,  has  intro- 
-dnced  some  olegant  novelty  through  the  channel  of 
Ackermann's  repository ;  an  establishment  which,  propor- 
tioned to  its  magnitude,  and  its  means,  we  are  of  opinion, 
in  a  statistical  estimation,  has  been  productive  of  as  large 
a  share  of  good  to  the  public  weal,  as  any  one  that  could 
be  named  in  the  whole  British  Empire.  To  the  liberal 
^irit  of  enterprise  of  the  worthy  Anglo-Saxon,  who 
astablished  this  repository,  we  owe  a  thousand  improve- 
jnenta  in  the  minor  branches  of  the  Fine  Arts.  What- 
ever was  tasteful,  ingeiiious,  and  new,  that  could  add  to 
the  polite  agremens  of  life,  that  could  be  bent  to  the  pur- 
poses of  his  general  views,  by  whomsoever  projected,  had 
-onW  to  be  presented  to  him,  to  meet  with  encouragement 
and  patronage.  An  interesting  volume  might  be  com- 
posed of  the  almost  numberless  elegant  trifles  which  have 
appeared  under  his  auspices;  some  to  amuse,  some  to 
instruct,  and  all  tending  to  some  wise,  benevolent,  or 
asefnl  purpose:  among  others,  and  of  the  last  import- 
ance to  society,  we  have  but  to  name  that  of  his  having 
fiimxshed  employment  for  a  multitude  of  ingenious  and 
industrious  persons,  in  the  various  branches  of  his  great 
undertakings ;  a  public  benefit  for  which  he  is  entitled  to 
the  esteem  of  the  British  people.  For  the  record  of  these 
l^ood  deeds  more  in  detail,  however,  we  have  reserved  a 
mace,  in  our  projected  treatise  on  the  national  advantages 
derived  from  the  general  encouragement  of  the  Arts  in 
England,  in  which  Mr.  Ackermann  claims  a  distinguished 
tiotice." 

From  early  in  1813  (not  1817,  as  Mr.  Jordan 
seemB  to  intimate),  every  Wednesday  evening  in 
March  and  April  was  given  to  a  reception,  half  a 
conversazione  and  half  a  family  party,  in  his  large 
room^  which  then  as  at  other  times  served  as  an 
exhibition  of  English  and  foreign  books,  maps, 
prints,  woodcuts,  lithographs,  drawings,  paintings, 
and  other  works  of  art  and  ornament,  besides  the 
leading  continental  periodicals.  There,  on  those 
evenings,  by  annual  invitation,  amateurs,  artists, 
and  authors  were  sure  to  find  people  whom  they 
knew  or  wanted  to  know.  Many  an  introduction 
grew  to  an  acquaintance ;  and  the  value  of  such 
eveziings  to  foreigners  was  often  gratefully  ac- 
knowledged by  travellers  who,  with  any  distinc- 
tion in  art  or  literature,  were  welcome  without 
o^er  introduction. 

His  active  assiduity  and  his  spirited  enterprise 
were  suspended  by  a  weakness  of  sight  com- 
mencing from  his  charitable  exertions  in  1814, 
which  made  his  repose  at  Camberwell,  and  after- 
wards at  Ivy  Lodge,  in  the  Fulham  Road,  first  a 
matter  of  prudence,  and  afterwards  of  necessity. 
He  contracted  a  second  marringe:  in  the  spring 
of  1830  he  experienced  an  attack  of  paralysis, 
And  never  recovered  sufficiently  to  exert  his  in- 
telligence in  business.    He  removed  for  change  of 


air  to  Finchley,  but  a  second  stroke  produced  a 
gradual  decline  of  strength  in  the  honourable  old 
man ;  and  March  30, 1834,  saw  an  end  put  to  the 
hearty  kindness,  constant  hospitality,  and  warm 
beneficence,  which  had  still  accompanied  his  un- 
questioned integrity.  He  was  interred  on  April  9, 
in  the  family  grave  in  the  burial-ground  of  St. 
Clement  Danes.  His  eldest  son,  Rudolph,  entered 
into  a  similar  business  of  prints,  stationery,  and 
artists'  materials,  in  Regent  Street,  and  continued 
there  the  manufactory  of  water  colours :  he  died 
in  1868.  W.  P. 


SCARBOROUGH  FOLK-LORE. 

During  a  short  sojourn  at  this  queen  of  York- 
shire watering-places,  I  met  with  several  pieces  of 
local  folk-lore  which  appear  to  me  not  unworthy 
of  preservation  in  **  iN .  &  Q."  Sailors  are  well 
known  to  be  somewhat  superstitious,  to  whatever 
port  they  may  belong,  and  I  did  not  find  those  at 
Scarborough  any  exception  to  the  general  rule. 

1.  An  old  man,  over  seventy -three  years  of 
age,  informed  me  that  the  Filey  fishermen  will 
not  go  to  sea  on  any  day  when  they  have  either 
seen  or  met  a  pig  the  first  thing  in  the  morning. 
I  also  ascertained  that  their  dame  hucksters  wul 
close  their  establishments  if  any  one  asks  to  be 
supplied  with  eggs  for  supper. 

5j.  There  used  to  be  many  weather-rhymes 
afloat  in  the  neighbourhood,  but  my  informant 
could  only  remember  the  following: — 

"  When  Oliver  Mount  puts  on  its  hat, 
Scarboro*,  Faliigrave,  and  Scalby  must  pay  for  that." 

Oliver  Mount  is  a  fine  knoll  near  the  town,  from 
the  summit  of  which  Oliver  Cromwell  is  errone- 
ously said  to  have  battered  the  castle. 

3.  Sailors  will  not  whistle  during  a  voyage, 
nor  will  those  who  steer  the  pleasure  boats  allow 
any  passengers  to  do  so.  One  old  man  said,  "  We 
only  whistle  when  the  wind  is  asleep,  and  then 
the  breeze  comes." 

4.  No  sailor  will  set  out  on  a  voyage  if  he  finds 
his  earthenware  basin  turned  upside  down  in  the 
morning  when  he  is  about  to  have  breakfast. 
The  boys  sometimes  turn  their  basins  upside  down 
purposely  when  they  wish  to  have  a  day's  play. 

5.  One  of  the  assistants  at  the  bathing-machines 
assured  me  that  most  accidents  happened  on  Fri- 
days, especially  on  Good  Fridays.  He  had  never 
worked  on  Good  Friday  for  many  years,  nor 
would  he  ever  do  so  again.  He  then  gave  a  long 
series  of  misfortunes,  fatal  accidents,  &c.  which 
had  happened  on  Fridays  in  his  own  experience. 

6.  The  evil  eye  still  carries  its  influence  amongst 
the  inhabitants  of  the  district.  Not  long  ago  one 
woman  scratched  another,  and  drew  blood  in  order 
to  counteract  its  bad  effects.  This  assault  ended 
in  a  fine  after  a  hearing  before  the  magistrates. 


132 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [4*  s.  iv.  august  14,  '69. 


7.  The  late  Jane  Nicholson  was  a  Scarlwrough    periodical  entitled  Cherem  Chemedf  and  another 


witch  of  great  repute,  and  was  much  feacied.  If 
any  sailor  met  her  in  the  mominff  he  would  not 
go  to  sea  on  that  day,  hecause  she  had  power  over 
the  winds  and  could  raise  storms.  Her  evil  eye 
never  rested  on  any  one  who  was  not  thereby 
doomed  to  bad  luck  for  the  rest  of  the  day.  Her 
mother  was  a  Southcottian,  and  believed  that  she 
was  destined  to  be  the  mother  of  some  great 
prince;  but  in  this  she  was  much  disappointed 
when  her  offspring  was  "  only  a  girl." 

8.  The  fairies  still  visit  the  secluded  glades  of 
East  Yorkshire.     My  informant  stated  that  he 
had  often  seen  the  rm^s  left  on  the  grass  where 
they  had  been  dancing,  out  he  had  never  seen  any 
of  the  little  folks  himself.     When  he  was  a  boy 
he  was  told  of  a  young  man  who  fell  in  with  a 
group  of  fairies  dancing  when  he  was  passing  over 
Seal  by  Wold  towards  Whitby.    They  were  hold- 
ing their  revels  in  a  secluded  hollow  not  far  from 
the  footpath,  and  he  saw  them  dancing  in  a  ring 
to  the  strains  of  some  delightful  music.    During 
one  portion  of  the  dance  they  all  cried  out  "  Whip ! 
whip  I "  and  then  cracked  their  small  hunting- 
whips.      The  looker-on  also  cried  out  "Whip! 
whip ! "  in  amazement.     This  caused  the  fairies  to 
give  up  their  amusement,  and  in  revenue  they 
whipped  him  along  the  way  for  a  considerable 
distance  towards  Whitby. 

9.  Some  boys  and  myself  bought  some  varie- 
gated stones  of  an  old  woman  aged  eighty-four. 
She  spat  upon  our  money,  and  wished  for  good 
sale  during  the  day.  T.  T.  Wilkinson. 


THE  SABBATH  EPISTLE. 

The  Jews  of  this  country  have  long  preserved  a 
tradition  that  their  famous  writer,  the  renowned 
Aben  Ezra,  paid  a  visit  to  England  during  the 
dark  ages,  and  published  one  of  his  letters  here 
during  his  sojourn. 

The  Quarterly  Review  (vol.  xxxv.  p.  113),  in 
alluding  to  this  fact,  makes  the  following  remarks : 

"It  may  astonish  the  inquirer  into  the  literary  pro- 
ductions of  our  country  to  oe  informed  that  one  of  the 
earliest  books  written  here  after  the  Conquest  was  by  one 
of  the  most  eminent  of  the  rabbis,  Aben  Ezra,  In  1159, 
the  sixth  year  of  Henry  II.,  he  wrote  from  London  a 
letter  on  the  proper  time  of  keeping  the  Sabbath,  in  verse. 
We  are  afraid  that  there  is  not  a  copy  of  it  in  the  British 
Museum,  and  yet  it  ought  to  be  there  as  a  national  curi- 
osity. It  would  be  amusing  to  speculate  on  what  were 
the  opinions  of  the  critical  and  scientific  Jew  on  the  state 
of  civilisation  and  literature  which  he  saw  about  him." 

The  writer  of  these  observations  is  in  error  as 
regards  the  epistle  being  couched  in  poetical  form : 
it  is  writtrn  in  the  purest  Hebrew  prose,  and 
throws  no  light  whatever  upon  the  events  of  the 
day. 

1  have  just  perused  two  distinct  copies  of  this 
celebrated  letter,  one  contained  in  an  eminent 


m  an  ordinary  prayer-book  published  at  Leghorn. 
The  latter  possesses  a  clerical  error  which  vitiates 
the  accura|y  of  the  whole  production.    Instead 
of  the  words  pKH  HVp,  Land's  End  (Angleterre), 
the  right  locale  of  the  letter,  it  has  "  the  end  of 
Arnon  "  instead.  The  tract  consists  of  three  chap- 
ters, with  an  introduction,  prefaced  by  a  fanciful 
sketch  of  the  Sabbath  appealing  to  the  writer  to 
defend  it  against  some  attacks  me  at  the  period. 
The  subject  is  treated  in  the  usual  happy  vein  of 
the  illustrious  author,  but  is  too  abstruse  and 
scientific  to  be  acceptable  to  the  general  reader. 
Frequent  allusion  is  made  to  '*  this  island,'^  and 
incidental  mention  is  recorded  of  the  chief  rabbi  of 
the  time,  though  not  by  name.    There  is  nothing 
obscure  in  the  style,  which  flows  on  with  unifozm 
simplicity ;  and  the  pungency  of  the  rabbi  only 
once  betrays  itself,  wnen  castigating  an  opponent 
who  has  not  the  patience  to  study,  but  requires  a 
royal  road  to  the  knowledge  of  astronomy.    EQm 
the  rabbi  pricks  with  a  lively  sneer,  and  asks  him 
pertinently  whether  he  expects  to  gain  knowledge 
Dy  inspiration,  "  like  imto  the  ass  of  Balaam." 

The  epistle  exhibits  an  extraordinary  intima^ 
with  the  intricacies  of  astronomy  and  Jewish  thck- 
ology.    It  is  headed  thus : — 

"  It  came  to  pass  in  the  year  4919  (i.  e.  a.d.  1159),  at 
midnight,  even  on  the  Sabbath,  on  14th  day  of  Tebeth 
(January),  I,  Abraham  Aben  Ezra,  the  Spaniard,  being 
in  one  of  the  cities  of  the  island,  known  as  *  the  end  of 
the  earth,'  Ac. 

There  exists  some  obscurity  ahout  an  aUusion 
to  "  this  island  "  being  "  in  the  seventh  division 
of  the  divisions  of  the  inhabited  land."  Can  any 
of  your  learned  readers  explain  what  it  refers  tor 

Mter  D.  Dayis. 


PROVERBS  AND  PHRASES. 
Leading  apes  in  helL 
(4«»  S.  ii.  459.) 
There  is  a  letter  hereon  in  the  Gent.  Mag,  1708, 
i.  114.    I  may  add  the  following : — 

"  Mary We  may 

Lead  apes  in  hell  for  husbands,  if  you  bind  us 
To  articulate  thus  with  our  suitors." 

Massinger's  City  Madam,  Act  II.  Sc  2. 

Out  of  God's  blessing  into  the  warm  Sun, 
(4th  S.  ii.  459.) 
*' Being  come  from  France  to  Spaine,  make  accompt 
for  matter  of  fertility  of  soyle,  that  you  are  come  from 
Gods  blessing,  to  the  warme  Sun." — HowelPs  Instructiom 
for  ^Forreine    TraveU,    1642.      (Arber's    reprint,    1869, 
p.  37.)* 

**  Abbot  frustrated  the  expectations  of  both  parties: 
for  when  he  was  got  into  Gods  Blessing  and  the  warm 
Sun,  and  so  near  the  Court,  he  grew  an  absolute  Cour- 
tier."—Gregorj-,  Father- Greybeard,  .  .  .  Reflexions  upom 


*  Mr.  Addis  has  also  sent  a  reference 
—Ed.  "  N.  <&  Q." 


to  this  passage* 


4»S.IV.  Ai,o»nn,'69.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


133 


it  nine  daies." — Lyly'i 


.  .     7%e  BthearuU  Tian^rot'd.    In  a  Lei 
Edm..  HicktHigia.     16T3.     P.  149. 

A  copy  o/jrOMr  <wmU«anct. 
C^"'  S.  ii.  4G0.) 
"  I  know  whatyou'l  say ;  that  all  Ihia 
put  OB.  is  but  s  meer  Co[>v  of  my  Count 
gory,  Fallier  Grtybaird  (u't  sup.)  p.  2. 

(I-  S.  iv.  192  ; 

"  The  greatest  wonder  li 

Enpiuet  (Atbtr's  reprinl, 

"  Frolh.  Would  that  were  Che  worst ! 

That  were  but  niue  daj-s  wonder." 

Massinger's  A'nr  IFaji  Id  Pa-/  Old  Debli,  Act  IV.  So.  2- 

"  A  book  on  any  subject  by  a  peasant,  or  a  peer,  b  no 

longer   so    mach  as    n  nine-days  wonder,"  —  Aacham's 

Sduit-aaHtr. 

jVb  fore  losl. 

(VS.  i.  29, 158,  279;  ii.  213.) 

*"1  hiTaafrieodshipforyou  which  I  never  felt  for  any 

other  master.'—'  And  I  ran  axiure  tbec,  child,'  said  1, 

*  tbersisnoloTO  lost;  the  very  lirst  moment  thou  earnest 

to  offer  tby  service,!  was  pleased  with  thy  appearance.'" 

aSBbt  (Or.  Smollett's  translation),  b.  ix.  di.  7. 

Com/ptio  t^limi  pesaima. 

<I«S.v,321;  is.l73i  3'JS.  xi.  216,  266,  390.) 

"  Complia  opiimi  est  peasima." — Howell's  iTolructioiu 

(at  sup.),  p.  12. 

W.C.B. 


iLtpXISATINO  :    i   StRGESTION.  —  The  grest 
difficulty   ^th   all   modern   illuminators   ia   the 

firinting  of  tbe  text.  Though  we  may  succass- 
ullj  compete  with  the  monkish  illuminatore  iD 
the  art  itself,  there  is  no  doubt  that  we  cannot 
appToach  them  in  the  beauty  imd  regularity  of 
theii  printing  or  handwriting,  hy  whichever  name 
it  may  be  called.  We  lack  not  only  the  power 
bat  the  rei^uisite  patience  and  application  to 
achieve  success  in  this  braocli.  To  meet  the 
difficulty  there  are  many  cards  printed  in  various 
kinds  of  antique  type,  with  vacant  apacea  left  for 
tbe  capitals  and  Dorders,  in  which  the  modem 
emulator  of  the  mediieval  artists  may  ezerciae 
hi«  skill.  liut  there  are  many  who,  like  myself, 
consider  it  a  waste  of  time  and  artistic  skill  to 
apply  one's  enei^ies  to  ornament  a  card  or  bnlf- 
sheet  which  may  be  torn,  damaged,  or  defaced 
tomorrow.  But  if  some  enterprising  printer  would 
print  for  us  in  mediieval  type  some  small  volumes 
-with  blank  capitals  and  borders  here  and  there, 
the  ease  would  he  different.  They  might  be  re- 
ligious, such  as  portions  of  the  church  service, 
morning  or  evening  prayer,  the  Litany,  &o.,  or 
abort  poems,  such  as  Gray's  H!effi/  and  fifty  othera 
that  will  occur  to  any  one.  I  am  sure  one  or 
two  small  volumes,  such  as  I  have  indicated, 
would  have  a  large  sale  amongst  the  present 
large  class  of  amateur  illuminators.  They  might 
be  printed  on  vellum,  or  fine  drawing-paper,  and 
should  be  issued  unbound.  F.  M.  S. 


Scottish  Faiiilibs  Extinct.  —  Among  those 
Lowland  Scottish  septs  which  seem  to  be  extinct, 
or  nearly  so,  are  the  families  of  the  three  elder 
Scottish  historians,  Forduu,  Boyce  (or  Boece),  and 
Wyntoun.  I  believe  there  are  a  few  persons  liv- 
ing who  bear  the  name  of  Winton.  Of  the  elder . 
Scottish  poets  there  seem  to  be  no  representa- 
tives of  ffttrick,  Balnaves,  Rouae,  and  Ballenden, 
unless  tbe  Ballantynes  are  identical  with  the  IssL 
Tbe  names  of  Bdcanquel,  Ged,  Panther,  Pont, 
Bollock,  Scougal,  and  Wlnram,  familiar  to  the 
readers  of  Soottiah  history,  are  unrepresented. 

CoAKLES  RoftEBS,  LL.D. 

Snowdoon  YilU,  Lewisham,  S.E. 

Photeeb:  "Still Waters Buir  dbbp." — This, 
which  I  have  always  taken  to  be  a  pureW  Eng- 
lish proverb,  is  a  literal  translation  from  Quintua 
Curtius,  De  Rebus  geetis  Akiitndri  Magni:  — 

"Altissima  queqaefluminaminimo  mud  laboutnr."  — 
Ub.  viL  10. 

Edxhitd  Tew,  M.A. 

The  Deformed  Teanseobked. — The  old  es- 
tablished periodical  called  The  Edmbwgh  Medical 
Jottnud,  of  this  month,  narrates  a  case  of  amputA- 
tiou  performed   on   a  lad  of  thirteen,  where  at 

tl27  we  are  told  that  his  "  bsft  arm  was  caught 
tween  two  pinion- wheels,"  injured,  and  sube«- 
quently  moat  skilfully  amputated.  We  have  at 
pages  133,  3,  4,  three  portraits  of  the  sufferer,  in 
all  of  which^  marvellous  to  relate,  the  left  arm  is 

E resent,  and  the  right  arm  it  is  which  appears  to 
e  misMng. 
At  first  Mght  I  was  inclined  to  attribute  this 
coairetempe,  which  casta  discredit  on  the  whole 
report,  to  the  supposed  use  of  photogmphy.  It  is 
well  known  that  photographic  negatives  do  pre- 
sent the  anomaly  of  reversing  the  wtter ;  it  waa 
so  vrith  Daguerreotype,  and  still  is  so  with  some 
inferior  photographic  positives  on  gla«B ;  in  which 
case  a  lady's  wedding  ring  will  be  found  on  the 
wrong  hand,  unless  shifted  prior  to  the  operation. 
It  now  appears  to  me  doubtful,  from  the  style 
of  woodcut  uaed  in  tbe  Uluatrations  referred  to,  if 
the  hlame  of  this  great  anomaly  can  really  be 
charged  on  photography.  A.  H. 

Cdriocs  Old  Sahss. — An  old  woman,  a  na- 
tive of  Cumberland,  said  to  mo  the  other  day,  in 
reference  to  a  child  of  aii  years  old,  and  whom 
she  atyled  the  most  old-fashioned  little  creature 
ahe  ever  met  with,  "  I  often  say  to  her,  '  Tom 
head's  too  old  for  this  world :  I  doubt  you  ran  in 
the  churchyard  many  a  year  before  you  were 
horn.' "  Being  much  struck  with  the  expression, 
I  asked  her  whether  it  was  her  own.  She  siud, 
"  No  —  she  hod  heard  the  old  folks  say  it  many  a 
time  when  she  was  a  child."  If  new  to  you  as  it 
'  is  to  me,  you  may  think  it  worthy  a  place  in 
I  "  N.  &  Q.''  8.  L. 


134 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [4»b  s.  iv.  august  u.  '69. 


Canting  Arms. — In  former  Nos.  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
have  been  several  references  to  "  canting "  or 
allusive  arms.  I  met  with  two  very  good  in- 
stances on  monuments  of  the  noble  families  of 
Cisterna  and  Ferrari  in  the  church  of  S.  Dominic, 
Ancona.  Cisterna :  a  well  between  two  stags 
drinking;  in  chief  three  stars.  Ferrari:  an  anvil 
with  an  arm  holding  a  hammer  in  act  of  striking ; 
three  stars  in  chief.   The  colours  were  not  marked. 

The  family  of  Porcello  of  Naples  bear  a  tree 
between  two  hogs  rampant  and  regardant. 

W.  M.  M. 

The  Heron  in  Kent. — Near  Faversham  the 
heron  is  usually  called  a  "kitty- beam,"  while  in 
Thanet  it  is  known  as  a  "heam-shrow,"  the  latter 
word  pronounced  similar  to  throxo.  If  the  word 
Jieron  was  mentioned  to  the  common  people,  they 
would  inquire  if  herring  was  meant. 

George  Bedo. 

6,  Pulross  Road,  Brixton. 


Coin. — Can  any  of  your  correspondents  inform 
me  if  the  coin  I  have  in  my  possession  is  scarce  ? 
Upon  the  obverse,  although  naif  obliterated,  are 
the  features  of  a  king  with  a  beard,  enclosed  in  a 
circle ;  with  the  monogram,  #  s  .  marcvs  .  ven  », 
and  the  date  » 11 ;  on  the  reverse  are  the  names 
corfv,  cefalon,  zante,  with  an  asterisk  above 
and  below.  H.  W.  R. 

Jersey. 

Dead  Donkeys.  —  I  ask  a  question  in  sober 
earnestness  which  has  often  been  put  in  joke : 
What  really  do  become  of  dead  donkeys,  and  how 
is  it  that  so  few  of  us  can  ever  lay  our  hands  upon 
our  hearts  and  declare  that  we  have  seen  one  ? 
Of  dead  horses  we  know,  and  of  dead  cats  and 
dead  dogs  and  dead  dickey-birds — that  their  inter- 
ment is  an  uncertain  one,  sometimes  under  ground, 
sometimes  under  water,  and  sometimes  down  the 
throats  of  surviving  fellow-creatures.  But  is  any 
use  made  of  donkey-iiesh  or  skin  ?  "  If  I  had  a 
donkey  and  he  wouldn't " —  live,  what,  practically, 
should  I  do  with  him,  say,  if  he  died  in  my  London 
stable  ?  I  should  be  in  a  sad  perplexity.  R.  C.  L. 

Hogarth's  "LAUGniNG  Audience." — Is  Ho- 
garth's original  painting  of  the  ^'  Laughing  Audi- 
ence "  known  to  be  in  existence,  and  if  it  is  so, 
where  is  it  to  be  seen  ?  I  can  lind  nothing  said 
as  to  this  in  any  account  of  the  artist's  works 

which  have  come  under  my  notice.  G. 

Edinburgh. 

Milton's  Granddaughter.  —  Did  two  per- 
formances take  place  of  Comxts  and  Letlie  under 
the  management  of  Garrick — one  in  1749,  and  the 
other  in  1750  ?  and  were  the  proceeds  given  to 
Milton's  granddaughter  ?  R.  E.  L. 


NiEF  OR  NiES. — John  of  Gaunt  records  in  his 
Register  that  "Agnes  Snell  of  Knousthorp,  near 
Ledes,  nostre  nief  [or  wtcs],  is  going  on  pilgrimage 
to  Rome."  • 

Can  this  word  mean  anything  but  niece  f  If 
this  be  its  meaning,  it  would  seem  as  if  Agnes 
Snell  were  an  illegitimate  daughter  of  one  of  the 
Duke's  brothers.  Is  anything  moi*e  known  of 
her  ?  The  date  of  the  entry  is  Sept.  19,  4  Ric.  H. 
[1380].  Hermentrude. 

A  Nun's  Discipline.  —  There  was  sold  at 
Messrs.  Sotheby's,  on  July  31,  a  copy  of  A  Cata" 
logue  of  the  Rarities  {ypxoards  of  800)  to  be  seen  at 
Don  Saltero^s  Coffee  House  at  Chelsea;  and  in  a 
note  specifying  some  of  the  rarities,  mention  ia 
made  of  "  A  Nun's  Discipline,"  "  A  Piece  of 
Queen  Catherine's  Skin,"  «;c.  May  I  ask  what 
is  a  "  Nun's  Discipline  ?  "  Is  it  the  rule  of  the 
order,  or  what  ?  A.  N. 

Proverb. — I  have  heard  several  times  used  the 
phrase  *^  As  ignorant  as  a  carp."  What  is  the 
origin  of  the  saying  ?  C.  J.  R. 

When  and  where  does  the  technical  Tsrh 
"  Renaissance  "  first  occur  ? — In  Dr.  Herman 
Riegel's  interesting  volume  of  Eesays  on  German 
Art  {DexUsche  Kxmststudien,  Hanover,  1868),  the 
author  says,  in  one  of  the  best  essays  the  volame 
contains,  Die  zxceite  '*  IViedergehurt^^  {renaissance)^ 
t.  c.  "  the  second  renaissancej^  or,  as  the  art-critic 
in  question  also  calls  it,  "  An  art-historical  con- 
templation one  hundred  years  after  Winckelmann*8 
deatn,"  dating,  directly  and  indirectly,  this  "  se- 
cond renaissance "  from  the  writings  and  the  in- 
fluence of  Winckelmann  (born  1717,  diM  1768) 
and  Lessing  (bom  1729,  died  1781)  :  — 

"  When  we  speak  of  the  second  renaissance  of  the  fine 
art^,  we  shall  have  in  the  first  instance  to  answer  the^ 
question:  What  is  renaissance?  The  first  instance  of 
making  use  of  this  word  seems  to  be  found  in  Vasariy* 
when  he  uses  the  expression  with  regard  to  the  sculptoie 
of  the  times  of  Giotto,  *  quella  prima  eth  della  sua  rinasciti' 
[the  new  Florentine  edit.,  iii.  lOJ." — Vide  &nthf  KuntUtU' 
dien,  p.  470, 

Hermann  Kindt, 

Germany. 

Sonnet  wanted:  "Let  no  gainsaying  lips 
DESPISE  THY  YOUTH." — I  remember  seeing,  a  great 
many  years  ago,  a  very  fine  sonnet  in  an  American 
church  newspaper,  on  the  consecration  of  a  youth- 
ful bishop.  I  copied  it  out  at  the  time,  but  have 
lost  my  copy.  Could  any  of  your  readers  help 
me  to  a  recovery  of  it  ?  That  it  is  worth  recover- 
ing, I  think  will  be  evident  from  the  first  three 
lines,  which  have  remained  on  my  memory,  and 
which  run  thus : — 


•  Bom  151 2,  died  1578.  His  Vite  de' piu  eccellenti  pittori^ 
scultori  ed  architetti  was  published  at  Florence  in.  1550,  ia 
two  quarto  volumes,  and  a  second  and  augmented  edition 
in  three  quarto  volumes  in  1568,  two  hundred  years  be> 
fore  Wiuckelmann's  death. 


4'»  S.  IV.  AncusT  U 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


I3S 


"  Lpt  no  g«in!»ying  lips  deapiae  Ihy  youth, 
Like  hii,  the  Grtal  Apostle's  favourite  son, 
Whose  Wrly  rulo  at  Ephesus  begun." 

D. 

I.ISI9  OP  Tea.vshted  Wobes. — Is  there  any 
list  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  works  translated 
into  French  or  Englidh  ?  W.  M.  M. 

Vbbkolje. — 'Where  can  a  list  of  his  paintings 
be  seen  ?  It.  E.  L. 

[Li'ls  of  Ibe  puinlin^s  of  both  John  and  Kicbolaa 
V'ertolJB  are  given  by  Sagler,  Kiiixatirr-Lcxican,  vol,  xi. 
pp.  109-114.] 

Wno  THREW  THESrooL?  —  On  Sunday,  July 
23,  1037,  the  Serricc-Book  was  by  command  of 
Charles  I.  read  in  St.  Giles's  Church,  Edinburgh. 
Juat  as  the  dean.  Dr.  George  Ilanna,  had  opened 
the  book  there  was  a  general  confuaion,  groans 
and  other  interruptions  proceeding  from  all  direc- 
tioni>.  The  right  tcverend  bishop  of  the  diocese, 
David  lindsay,  proceeded  from  his  throne  to  the 
pulpit  to  attempt  the  restoration  of  order.  lie 
naa  spoken  only  a  fuw  words,  when  a  small  stool,  i 
tucb  aa  those  commonly  used  by  females  in 
Scottish  places  of  worship,  passed  his  head ;  it 
had  been  thrown  with  some  violence.  The  bishop 
and  dean  withdrew,  end  the  Service-Book  was 
dosed  for  ever  in  the  Scottish  church. 

Who  threw  the  stool  P  Most  Scotsmen  will 
answer  Jenny  Geddes.  This  was  an  berbwomiui, 
whose  name  has  hitherto  been  popularly  asso- 
ciated with  tlie  Irnnsnction.  But  there  is  another 
claimant ;  Mrs.  Mtin,  the  wife  of  a  merchant  in 
the  citv,  alleged  thet  she  dashed  the  stool  at  the 
bishop's  head,  and  in  consequence  her  husband 
received,  under  an  altered  policy,  the  appointment 
»rf  postmaster  for  Scotland.  Jenny  Geddea,  on 
the  other  hand,  appears  from  a  contemporary 
journal  to  have  contributed  the  materials  of  her 
itdl  to  assist  in  a  bonfire  on  April  23,  166!,  in 
boDOUT  of  tho  Itestoration.  One  would  suppose 
that  an  individual  who  so  opposed  the  roval  will 
in  103"  would  not  join  in  wishing  "  the  auld 
Stuarts  back"  in  IGOI.  Yet  inconsistency  largely 
pertains  to  poor  hiiniun  nature.  In  the  opinion  of 
those  who  bate  looked  into  the  matter,  who 
tbrew  the  stool '''  Chabi.es  BoGEtts,  LL.D. 

Snowdonn  Villa,  Lewinhom,  S.E. 

[Jenny  (leddcs  U  itill  believeil  to  have  been  Che  de- 
Bnqnent';  lii-r  stool  i<  eiijiraved  in  Chambers's  Bno*  nf 

"-       ■■    '""  ' '^le  Anliqiiarian  Muaenni,  Edinburgh. 


of  which  I  picked  up  on  a  street  book-stall  in 
Glasgow  a  few  days  ago?  Mr.  Buckle,  in  his 
Ltil  of  Authiore,  quotes  the  second  edition  as  under 
the  name  of  [Macky  (J.)],  indicating,  in  terms  ot 
his  prefatory  note,  that  the  book  is  anonymous, 
and  citing  Watt's  BibUotheca  JBrilannica,  voL  ii. 
p.  631,  M.,  as  giving  evidence  regarding  the  au- 
thorship. I  have  not  Watt,  however,  within  my 
reach.  "Macky"  is  trited  by  Burt,  Letteri,  i.  7, 
edit.  1759;  Edin.Iiev.  No,  204,  p.  488  (Oct.  1864)} 
The  Beauties  of  Upper  Stratheam  (Crieff,  1860), 
p.  66;  Chambers's  homeatic  Aimale,  vol.  iii,  p.  S38, 
433;  Jerviae's  MenuH-ials  of  Angta  and  Meamt, 
p.  218.  "  Macky "  also  published  A  Joam^ 
throagh  England,  in  1714  (4th  edit.  1724.) 
"  N.  &  Q."  3"  S.  ii.  161.  "  Mackj  "  is  evidently 
a  flctitioua  name,  T.  S. 

Crieff,  N.B. 

[This  work  is  attributed  V,  John  Hacky  by  Gongh  in 
his  Britiih  Topographs,  >■  89-  He  says:  "  In  1714  was 
published  A  Journey  through  Engiand  in  Familiar  Letttrt 
from  a  GcHttaitanhert  lohit  Friend  abroad,  Sva,  reprinted 
twice  before  172*  and  1732.  A  second  volume  was  after- 
vards  added,  reprinted  with  large  additions,  1724  and 
1732.  This  volniae  was  occasioned  by  Hissoa's  abaanl 
observations  on  England,  which  are  exposed  In  the  pre- 
bce.  A  tbird,  containing  A  Javrmg  Ihroai/h  Scolbmd, 
on  ths  same  plan,  and  by  the  sama  author,  J.  Uicky, 
1723,  reprinted  1729.  Ireland  was  promised,  bnt  not 
executed."  These  works'  are  also  attributed  to  John 
Maeky  in  the  Catalogues  of  the  British  Museum  and  the 
Bodleian,  as  wdl  as  by  Watt  and  Lowndes.  There  la 
also  another  work  by  the  same  writer,  not  so  well  known, 
entitled  A  Journey  through  Vie  Atatrian  SetherhadM, 
Lond.  1725,  8vo.  We  Uke  the  aathor  to  be  that  inde- 
fatigable and  apparently  fearless  Scotsman  who  noa  very 

William  III.,  Queen  Anne,  and  George  I.  For  Macky's 
eervioea.  Sir  Robert  Walpole  allowed  him  a  pension,  upon 
which  he  managed  to  live  in  Holland  and  the  Nether- 
lands. He  died  at  Rotterdam  in  the  year  1726.  The 
Mtmoiri  ofhii  Secret  Service;  ailh  hit  Character,  ef  the 
Court  of  Great  Britain,  ^c.  published  hy  his  son.  Spring 
Macky,  Es(|.  in  1733,  is  a  most  amusing  book.  These 
cbaraclera  have  been  retouched  by  Dean  SwiU'a  marginal 
remarks.      Vide  "S.  &  a"  8rd  S.  ii.  430.] 


-^!D;l 


eaurrirti  toiffj  Qn^trii. 


Macet's  "JouiUJEY  THKoroii  ScoTnyn," — 

"  Maokv'a  Journey  Ihrnui/h  Scotland.  London  ;  printed 
fnr  J.  I'einborton,  at  the  Buck  and  .Sun,  and  J.  Hooke,  at 
the  Flower-de-Lnc",  b-.tb  against  St.  Dunslan'a  Church 
in  Fleet  Street.    lT2o." 
Who  was  the  real  writer  of  this  book,  a  copy 


□  of  this  saying,  and 

sense  now  popularly 

PaiLOLOoisT. 


"Treao  upon  aWokm,  1 
Can  any  one  tell  me  the  orij 
how  it  came  to  be  used  in  th 
understood  ? 

[nailitl,  in  hia  Eagliih  I 
Fhraiei,   p.  439,  notea  this   proverb  from  Heywood, — 

adds  to  it  the  following  esplonation  from  Raj  :— 

"Habet  et  musca  penem.  'Eriirri  nlf  fiip/iijpti  aiv 
ajpfif  x°^4'  '  IneaC  el  formicie  et  serpbo  bilis.'  The 
meanest  or  weakest  person  is  not  to  be  provoked  or  de- 
spised.   Ho  creature  so  small,  weak,  oT  contemptible,  bat. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [i^s-iv.  Awod«i4,'m. 


if  it  be  injured  sad  aboeed,  will  endeavour  to  revengi; 

ibelf." 

We  may  remark  here,  that  in  tlie  first  edition  of  Baji 
1670,  p.  169,  he  reads  ipltntm  not  peium.  Our  corre- 
spondent  probably  remembers  Shaheapeare's  use  of  thi- 
prorerb  in  tlie  Third  Fart  of  Henry  F/.,  Act  II.  Sc.2:— 

"  The  unallest  worm  will  turn  being  trodden  on, 
Aod  doTtswiH  peck  in  ufegnard  of  theii  roung." 

There  is  another  analogoos  Latin  saying  ; — "  Nee  at- 
peniandom  quamTia  exiguum  nallom."] 

The  Title  of  Bake. — To  whom  does  the  titli^ 
of  Dame  belong  P  Is  it  equivoleiit  to  Lndj  P  For 
instance,  are  the  daughters  of  earls  properly  en- 
titled DamoP  Or  13  it  restricted  to  the  wives  of 
baronets  and  knights  P  In  the  event  of  the  lattei' 
being  described,  would  the  Christian  name  h(- 
meDtionad  after  Dame  P  Anon. 

[The  title  of  Dame  is  considend  to  bo  that  to  which 
the  wives  of  baronets  and  knijrhta  are  entitled.  By  the 
letters  patent  of  James  I.  the  wives  of  baronete  have  the 
titles  of  Lady,  Madam,  or  Damt,  at  their  pleasure  pre- 
fixed to  their  names.  Dame  is  not  applied  Co  the  daugh- 
ters of  earls,  who  are  entitled  to  that  of  Lady.  The  wife 
of  a  knight  or  baronet  adds  her  Christian  name ;  thui- 
the  wife  of  Sir  John  Smith  is  Dame  Elizabeth  Smith.] 

"Thb  Manse  Gakdeh."— A  work  on  garden- 
ing with  this  title  was  published  ia  Scotland, 
anonjmouslj,  about  fifty  years  ago.  I  believe  the 
author  was  a  Dr.  Patereon ;  bat  I  should  he  glad 
to  hear  something  more  about  him,  for,  whoever 
he  was,  he  was  no  ordinary  man.  The  book  is  a 
delightful  one,  full  of  sound  philosophy  upon  a 
great  many  points  besides  ganiening.  It  is  as 
readable  and  interesting  in  its  special  subject  as 
are  Izaak  Walton  and  Gilbert  White  on  theirs. 
F.  M.  S. 

[The  author  is  the  Bev.  Sathaniel  Paterson,  D.D., 
minialei  of  the  parish  of  Galashiels,  Selkirkshire. 
Aimished  the  account  of  that  parish  to  the  Xrw  Statiiiical 
Aeanait  of  Scotland,  vol.  iiL] 

Cauteles.  —  What  is  the  precise  meaning  of 
cavtda  and  cautek  in  the  following  passage  P  — 

"The  physician,  besides  his  eaattlet  of  practice,  hath 
this  general  crmtife  of  art,  that  he  dischargeth  the  weak 
nesg  of  hia  art  apoD  supposed  impossibililiea;  neither  can 
his  art  be  condemned  when  itselfjodgeth."— Lord  Bacon's 
ITwjli,  edited  by  Spedding,  vol.  liL  p.  ■SUG. 

[Colgrave's  explanation  of  the  French  word  eatddle  i?, 
"  A  wile,  cautell,  sleight ;  a  craflie  reach  or  fetch,  guile- 
fnll  devise  or  endevor;  also  crail,  subteltie,  trumperie, 
deceit,  cousenage."  Shakespeare  uses  the  word  in  his 
flam/rt.  Act  L  Sc3:  — 

"  Perhaps  he  loves  you  now  ; 
And  now  no  soil,  nor  caif/ei  doth  besmirch 
The  virtue  of  his  will."] 


B^Iictf. 
.THE  STUARTS  ASD  FREEMASONBT. 

(4"'S.iii.532;  iv.20.) 

In  Masonry  there  has,  since  1813,  been  a  great 
suppression  of  truth  with  the  object  of  giving 
foice  to  a  noble  hut  illoeical  theory  of  univer- 
sality, and  I  do  not  doubt  the  accuracy  of  Mk. 
Sleigh's  information  as  to  the  warrant  of  a 
"  Longnor  Lodge  "  having  been  granted  bv  Prince 
Charles  Edward  Stuart.  The  chief  difference 
between  the  "ancient"  and  "modem"  Ifaaons 
consisted  in  the  recognition  by  the  former  of  cer- 
tun  "  high  grades,"  claiming  derivation  from  tbe 
Templars  and  Itoaiciucians,  who  thus  meeting  in 
the  Masonic  lodges  under  Stuart  patronage,  are 
supposed  to  have  modified  the  simple  operative 
ceremonials  of  the  period.  James  I.  (of  Eng- 
land) whilst  residing  at  Stirling,  patronised  a 
lodge  there,  meeting  m  the  old  abbey ;  the  mem- 
bers of  which,  it  is  alleged,  attached  a  Chapter  of 
St.  John  and  the  Temple  immediately  on  the 
death  of  David  Seton,  the  last  landless  Qrand 
Prior.  Viscount  Dundee  was  Grand  Master,  and 
re  the  Grand  Cross  of  the  order  when  he  fall 
Killiecrankie  in  1689  (so  we  are  informed  Co 
the  authority  of  Dom  Calmet).  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Earl  Mar,  on  whose  demission,  throngli 
the  troubles  of  1715,  the  order  fell  into  abeyance: 
tmtil  the  Duke  of  Athol,  as  Regent,  assembled 
ten  knights  at  Ilolyrood  House,  Sept  1746,  and 
admitted  Prince  Charles  Edward,  who  was  at 
I  once  elected  Grand  Master.  But  no  alMolute 
proof  has  been  given  that  to  this  time  the  order 
was  Masonic,  though  the  Stirling  chapter  show 
some  very  old  copper-plate  engravings,  hut  state 
that  the  minutes,  prior  to  1743,  have  been  lost  or 
carried  away  in  1745.  Last  century  the  "andent" 
Masons  had  a  Templar  degree  of  priests,  which 
they  dated  from  ](!S(t  as  the  era  of  its  esta- 
blishment, and  they  alleged  that  the  founders  of 
the  "  modem '"  Grand  Lodge  of  1717,  having 
only  attained  a  low  grade,  were  imperfectly  iit- 
fonned.  However  that  may  be,  the  modeni 
Grand  Master  visited  Scotland  in  1722,  when  the 
annual  General  Assembly  (if  ever  held  there)  must 
iiave  fallen  into  abeyance,  and  in  17S6  a  Grand 
Lodge  on  the  modem  system  whs  established  in 
Ediaburah.  The  Royal  Order  of  Scotland,  Hem- 
dom  and  Rosy  Crossed  aiming  to  have  been 
ijubstituted  by  Bruce  for  the  Templar  Order — was 
placed  under  separate  government.  This  order  ia 
mpposed  to  have  originated  the  "  high  grades"  of 
the  French  rite,  which  some  allege  were  esta- 
lilished  by  the  Stuarts  prior  to  the  assembly  of 
the  French  Ordre-du-Temple  in  1705,  under  Philip 
of  Orleans.  However  that  may  be,  the  badge  nt 
jewel  of  the  degree  of  Rose  Croix  is  identical 
with  the  standard  James  III.  used  in  1715 :  and 


^  S.  IV.  August  14,  '69.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  137 


Mr.  Matthew  Cook  informs  me  that  he  has  seen  any  authentic  record  of  that,  or  that  there  is  any 

a  Rose  Croix  warrant,  granted  hy  James  HI.  validity  in  the  claim  of  the  Masonic  branch  of  St 

firom  France  in   1721,    together  with   letters  of  John  and  the  Temple  prior  to  1686.    All  these 

Charles  I.  alluding  to  Freemasonry,  in  the  hands  of  are  matters  to  be  decided  by  historic  evidence. 

Dr.  Leeson.  Not  only  does  the  charter  of  the  French  Hyde  Clarke. 

non-Masonic  Order  of  the  Temple  (the  si^atures  32,  St.  George's  Square,  S.W. 

of  the  Ihike  de  Duras  in  1681,  and  of  Philip  of  

Orleans  in  1705,  having  been  pronounced  erenmne') 

anathematise   tLe   "Scotch   templars   and  their  TEMPLE  OF  MINERVA  ON  THE  JAPYGIAN 

brethren  of  St  John  of  Jerusalem/'  but  it  admits  PROMONTORY. 

the  alteration  of  the  signs  and  words,  to  some  (4th  g^  j^^  gg  226.) 

"  unknown  to  and  out  of  the  reach  of  the  false  ..                              '     *      f       * 

brethren,"  which  system  of  signs  and  words  it  .    ^  ^®^®*  *^**  ^  should  have  expressed  myself  so 

seems  scarcely  likely  the  order  would  have  had  "^perfectly  as  to  cause  your  correspondent  W. 

until  after  its  connection  with  Freemasonry:  the  ^  ."?a^°e  that  I  had  access  to  Chaupy's  work. 

historian  of  the  modem  Masons  asserting,  in  1738,  ^  ^*  ^?^  ^®®°  ^o,  I  can  assure  him  that  it  would 

that  the  miUtary  fraternities  had  borrowed  many  °®^®^  '^^^^  occurred  to  me  to  entail  on  another 

finUmn  iisno-AQ  frnm  iiia  mnro  «tir>;^«f  i«ofl•♦«+i/^«  the  troublo  of  procurmff  the  information  which  I 


solemn  usages  from  his  more  ancient  institution    ^'^^  wouDie  ot  procurmg 


of  the  "Clermont  Chapter,  established  a  theory,  in  ^Jhaupy  was  said  to  be  the  first  who  placed  the 

1754,  that  the  Templars  were  connected  with  the  JSPP^®  ^^  Minerva  at  the  Japygian  promontory. 

Scotch  lodges  in  1314.    I  pledge  myself  to  no  The  query  I  put  was,  "Did  Chaupv  form  his 

particular  views  in  the  foregoing,  and  do  not  in-  oP""on  from  personal  exammation  of  the  promon- 

tend  to  be  led  into  any  discussion  of  difficult  or  *P7  ^^  country  wound,  or  was  it  merely  a 

doubtful  points.                    JoHxX  Yakkee,  Jun.  deduction  from  the  descnption  of  Virgil  ? "    Ihis 

43,  Chorlton  Road,  Manchester.  ^l^e^T  ^  Still  unanswered,  as  the  mere  circum- 

P.S.  The  ceremonial  of  the  French   Masonic  ?*^^  ^t  ^^^^E?.  "?^^,  ».  ^^^^   ^^  ^^^^ 

rite  connects  James  I.  and  the  Templars  with  Journey  by  the  A  la  Appia     m  no  way  enables 

Freemasonry ;    but  the  Templar  in  Britain  has  °^®  *P  JI?^^  whether  he  had  reached  the  extreme 

alwavs  included  the  Order  of  St.  John.  The  jewel  PO"it  of  the  J^ygian  peninsula.    The  Via  Appia 

of  the  French  Ordre-du-Temple  is  a  white  Mai-  ®°^®^  **  Brundisium  — 

teee  cross,  charged  with   a  red  cross  pat^e ;  but  "  Brundisium  longie  finis  chartaeque  viaeque  est,"— 

this  is  possibly  not  older  than  the  time  of  Grand  where  I  saw,  with  much  interest,  the  road  along 

Master  Palaprat  (1804-38).                                    "  which  Horace  must  have  entered  the  city;  and  a 

spring,  close  to  the  entrance,  which  gave  water  to 

The  first  question  is,  whether  one  of  the  alleged  tne  wearied  mules  in  ancient  times.     When  you 

facts  is  authenticated.    At  all  events,  many  of  the  have  reached  this  point,  there  is  still  a  weary 

alleged  cases  of  the  intervention  of  the  Young  journey  before  you  (upwards  of  seventy  miles) 

Pretender,  in  English  and  Continental  Masonic  southwards  from  BruncUsium  to  the  promontory ; 

proceedings,  are  mythical.     No  assertion  of  the  and  I  should  feel  greatly  obliged  to  your  corre- 

tind  should  be  received  without  the  document  is  spondent  if  he  can  inform  us  whether  Chaupy 

produced  and  the  signature  authenticated.  What  says  that  he  made  this  journey.     As  Pratim, 

is  true  is  this,  that  Masonry  in  France  was  chiefly  whose  work  is  before  me,  confines  himself  in  a 

propagated  in  the  early  part  of  the  last  century  ffreat  measure  to  a  description  of  the  Via  Appia, 

by  Jacobites ;  but  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England  he  does  not  seem  to  have  gone  beyond  Brundi- 

was    promoted    by    Hanoverians.     Now    comes  sium.     At  all  events,  he  does  not  mention  the 

the  question,  what  did  the  Jacobites  do  ?    Did  temple.    The  work  of  Galatseus,  of  which  your 

they  have  secret  alliances  with   the  opposition  correspondent  speaks,  is  also  before  me,  and  in 

societies — the  Gregorians,  &c.?  and  was  the  York  my  former  paper  I  gave  an  extract  from  it  in 

Grand  Lodge  movement  ultimately  supported  by  reference  to  the  grotto  at  Castro.    The  work  is 

the  Jacobite  Masons  ?    I  have  called  attention  to  entitled,    Antonii  de  Ferrariis  Galatei  De  Situ 

these  broad  fjicts,  and  suggested  that  the  political  lapygia  Liber,  Lycii  1727.    It  is  a  work  of  in- 

leanings  of  the  various  personages  publicly  con-  terest,  being  remarkable  for  the  purity  of  its  Lati- 

nected  with  Freemasonry  between  1730  and  1750,  nity,  and  gives  a  great  deal  of  curious  information 

as  Grand  Masters,  &c.,  should  be  examined.  on  the  antiquities  of  Japygia.    It  was  written  in 

With  regard  to  Mr.  Yarker*s  proposition  about  1510  by  Antonio  de  Ferrariis,  better  known  as 

Philip  of  Orleans  holding  a  general  assembly  of  Galateo,  firom  his  birth-place  Galatana,  a  small 

French  Templars  in  1705, 1  also  doubt  there  being  village  of  Japygia,  at  tne  request  of  Spinelli, 


138 


■NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i* s. iv. Auodat n, -ea. 


Count  of  Cariati.  It  was  first  published  at  Baslt- 
in  156S  by  a  fellow  couatrymnn  of  Gftlateo, 
Bonifacio,  MarquesB  of  Uiia,  wlio  bnil  been  obliged 
to  fly  bis  country  on  account  of  bia  heraticB) 
Opinions.  So  well  was  it  received  by  the  leamed, 
tnat  it  bag  gone  throug-b  several  editions.  Mj 
edition  was  published  at  Lecce  in  17S7  b^  Ber^ 
nardino  Tafuro.  The  only  passage  in  which  bo 
refers  to  the  temple  is  the  folloningf,  where  he. 
appears  to  copy  the  statemeat  of  some  previous 
■writer  called  "  Guido" :  — 

"  Quid  de  hac  urbe  Guido  acripnt.  hsc  aunt:  Hydmn- 
turn  Minervium,  in  quo  templum  Miaeivic,  ubi  Aiichise!. 
pat«r  Moea  primo  omcD  vquos  pascenteii  ittdiam  adicc- 
tns  prospexit  (ut  inquil  Virgiliue)  et  idem  sptiini  mer- 
cimoDiis  Hydrontum  scilicet,  IlydrnDtomiie  »a  Bmn- 
dusium  iatelleiflrit  'Virgilms,  nescio." 

Here  we  find  Quido  placinf^  the  temple  at 
Hydmntum,  the  modem  Otranto ;  while  Gfalateo 
does  not  venture  to  give  an  opinion,  and,  when 
we  turn  to  his  description  of  the  promoatorj,  bo 
says  merely — 

"  Inda  lapygium  pramontorium  In  qua  tiMnplum  est 
diva  UsriiE,  iacljtum  et  aatiqui  reUgioae  ucrutn  ac 

That  temple  of  the  Madonna  di  Finibus  Temo 
is  still  there,  and  in  great  repute,  as  I  found  that 
the  peasants  regarded  mo  as  a  jiilgrint  wending 
m^  way  thither,  and  were  not  in  the  least  sut^ 
pnsed  at  my  appearaoce. 

To  save  trouble  to  your  correspondent,  I  give  i 

X'n  the  reference  of  Romanelli  to  Chaupy  ' 
,  rt  III.  p.  527),  though  I  cannot  warrant  its  . 
correctness.  Ceaufubd  Taii  Rauagk 


increased  by  the  constant  use  of  the  hammer  and 
anvil.  His  frequent  associations  with  the  soldiers 
who  passed  through  the  town  inspired  bim  with  a 
desire  to  join  their  ranks;  and  be  often  told  them 
that  he  should  become  a  Life  Guardsman,  and 
would  then  show  the  French  how  to  handle  a 
aword.  At  tbe  expiration  of  his  apprenticeship, 
but  in  opposition  to  the  wishes  of  bis  parents  be 
enlisted  into  the  Guards,  being  then  six  feet  tout 
inches  in  height,  and  he  soon  oecarae  one  of  tbe 
moat    expert   and    powerful   swordsmen    in   tbe 


Bbaw'a  exploits  at  Waterloo,  where  he  dia- 
played  the  prowess  of  a  Titan,  must  be  briefly 
noted.  In  a  cavalry  fight  of  the  most  terrific 
nature,  in  wbicb  the  Life  Guards  and  the  Oxford 
Blues  were  enp-aged  with  tbe  French  Cuirassiers, 
Shaw  dashed  in  among  these  steel-plated  invin- 
cibles  (as  Napoleon  styled  them),  dragged  them 
from  tbeir  horses,  hurled  them  to  the  ground, 
and  then  pierced  them  in  tbeir  vulnerable  part 
(the  groin)  with  bis  sword.  He  thus  slew  witlt 
bis  own  weapon  at  least  nine  or  ten.  At  the  doae 
of  tbe  engagement  he  ky  wounded  on  the  field  of 
battle,  and  being-  surrounded  by  a  number  of  the 
French  cavalry,  he  made  a  rush  to  seize  their 
standard,   and   a   sword -in-hand   encounter   took 

J  lace,  when,  after  slaying  three  of  the  enemy, 
is  own  sword  broke  ;  and  be  then  took  ofl  hu 
helmet,  and  for  some  time  bravely  warded  off  the 
blows  of  his  assailants  until  be  received  a  tbnut 
under  the  arm-pit  which  prostrated  him. 

A  YoBKseiREiuir. 


GIPSIES:  SHAW  THE  LIFE  GUARDSMAS, 
(4*  S.  iii.  405, 461,  518,  557.) 

Some  of  your  correspondents  are  in  error  in 
Bupposing  that  Shaw  the  Life  Guardsman  was 
bornof  gipsy  parents  I'and  lest  this  mistake  should  ; 
obtain  confirmation  by  your  endorsing  it,  I  write  I 
to  stale  that  he  was  a  native  of  Easingwold, 
Yorkshire,  and  was  bom  in  the  year  1780  near 
tbe  Spring  Head  in  that  town.  IBs  parents  were 
poor  and  honest  people,  who  had  long  been  resi-  j 
dentfi,  and  were  highly  respected  by  the  towns- 
people and  farmers  amongst  whom  they  found  , 
constant  employment.  Their  son,  the  Life  Guards- 
man, was  a  strong  athletic  lad,  and  the  pure 
bracing  air  of  his  nntive  town,  with  the  invigorat- 
ing water  of  the  Spring  Head  which  gushes  from 
the  rock  near  his  bumble  home,  caused  him  to  be 
as  robust  H9  any  mountaineer.  Gymnastic  exer- 
cises were  his  favourite  amusement,  and  he  out- 
stripped  all  his  playmatea  io  physical  atrengtb 
and  energy. 

At  tbe  age  of  thirteen  be  was  bound  apprentice 
to  a  blacksmith  in  his  native  town,  and  hia  i 
strength  of  arm  and  power  of  limb  were  greatly  | 


CARNAC. 

(4""  S.  iv.  1,  58,  77,  i 


One  of  Tour  correspondents,  M.  H.  R.,  relying 
upon  bis  knowledge  of  Welsh,  intimates  (p.  99) 
that  Carnac  must  be  synonymous  with  Cairn.  In 
this  he  is  perfectly  correct,  aa  may  be  seen  by 
the  following  extract  from  a  modem  edition  of 


"  En  effet,  Carn  sicnifie  dnas  le  vieux  langagc  breton, 
re,  rMher  (Gil. 
ir  priniitivemeat 


ird,  Can         ■    ■  ■    ■ 

BS,  lieu  pitrrrvx,  comrae  airoit  Ja 

a  ploB:  lea  Bretona  ne  nomment  pa8"cntre  ei 

Vamac,  mais  Came  et  mcme  Kerrec,  co  qui  signifie 

titu  dt  rocheri,  eC  I'une  des  plus  grandes  pierret 

Bii  dite  Karreguen,  ou  mcht  icparfe," — Og^  Dktimuuirt 
hittonime  et  geogntjdiigue  de  la  pronnce  dc  BrelHffnt, 
l^auvelle  Mitioo,  revuo  et  augmentde,  per  MM.  Maite> 
fille,  Varin,  etc..  i.  155  (Renncs,  1843). 

Believing,  with  a  commentator  upon  Ogfie's 
Ahridi/emetd  of  the  History  of  Brittaity  when  re- 
ferring to  the  ranges  of  monumental  atones  at 
Carnac,  that  "  ia  religion  a  pu  ecule  soulever  ces 
masses  "  ( i.  74),  I  shall  add  a  few  notes  to  thow 


4*  S. IV.  August  14, '690  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


139 


already  forwarded,  and  that  have  no  other  object 
m  view  than  to  show  the  veneration  entertained 
in  this  province  of  France  for  the  memory  of  St. 
Ursula  and  her  companions ;  and  which  notes  are, 
therefore,  intended  to  sustain  the  idea  first  pro- 
mulgated by  Canon  Jackson. 

The  most  modem  of  Breton  hagiographists  thus 
alludes  to  St.  Ursula  and  her  fellow  martyrs :  — 

••  These  heroines  are  certainly  not  to  be  regarded  as 
foreigners  in  Brittany.  Several  of  them  perished  in  the 
sea  which  is  alike  common  to  us  and  the  British  islands ; 
and  there  are  writers  who  are  of  opinion  that  some  of 
them  were  immolated  near  to  the  mouth  of  the  Ranee.  In 
the  MS.  history  which  Camard  de  Pinterson  has  left 
behind  him,  it  is  said  that  the  eleven  thousand  virgins 
bad  their  abode  at  Pilier  de  Noirmoutiers.  That  island 
which  is  now  separated  from  the  modern  one  was  for- 
merly indnded  within  the  limits  of  ancient  Brittany.** — 
De  Garoby,  Vies  des  Bienheureux  et  des  Saints  de  Bretagn€j 
^  508  (Salnt-Brienne,  1839). 

The  martyrdom  of  the  companions  of  St.  Ursula 
was  not  confined  to  the  banks  of  the  Rhine.  In 
the  legend  of  St.  Avoye  it  is  positively  stated  that 
fihe  was  tortured  to  death  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  jBoulogne;  and  it  is  declared  by  Artur  de  Mon- 
tier  that  it  was  near  to  that  place  the  vessel  in 
which  she  was  a  passenger  was  wrecked :  — 

•*  Un  Navire  de  la  flotte  de  Sainte  Ursule  s'estant 
4tAioa4e  vers  Bologne,  port  do  France,  nostre  Sainte 
Avore  se  retira  dans  une  Forest,  proche  de  la  Bourgade 
appell^  Dincmie  au  pays  de  Morinois.peuples  de  Bologne, 
Calais  et  da  Comte  de  Flandres." — "  La  Vie  de  Sainte 
Aroye  ou  Aur^e,  Vierge  et  Martyre,  de  la  Compagnie  de 
Sainte  Ursule,"  §iv.,  Damase  de  S.  Lovys,  Sainte  Ursule^ 
Kv.  in.  ch.  xxyi.  p.  344  (Paris,  166G). 

Of  another  of  these  followers  of  St.  Ursula  this 

18  Btated :  — 

*  St.   Enemour,  or   Eneour,  is  the  patron  saint    of 

Pknienr.     His  festival  is  celebrated  there  on  the  first 

Sooday  in  May  and  the  2nd  of  September.     He  is  also 

ti>e  primitive  patron  of  Ploneur-Mencz  and  Ploneur-Trez, 

The  devotion  to  this  saint  being  peculiar  to  Finisterre, 

tends  to  the  belief  that  it  >vas  in  that  district  he  ivas 

■Bctified.     He  was  brother  to  St.  Thumelte,  one  of  the ' 

CBBpanioDS  of  St.  Ursula,  and  martyred  in  the  year  383." 

("UeUit  fH;re  de  Sainte  Thumelte,  compagnc  de  Sainte 

rrsnk." — De  Garob}',  p.  447.) 

It  is  worthy  of  notice  that,  in  the  last-mentioned 
parish  of  St.  Enamour,  t.  e.  Ploneur-Trez,  there  is 
a  Druidical  monument  to  which  a  very  curious 
l^end  is  attached,  it  is  — 

*•  Le  grand  dolmen  de  Kerroc'h,  que  les  habitants 
nomment  les  Dansenses,  paroe  que,  scion  eux,  ce  sont  de 
jennes  filles  qui  furent  changtfes  en  pierre-s  pour  avoir 
dans^  tandis  que  le  Saiut-Sacrcment  passait."  —  Oj;ee, 
a.  343. 

In  describing  the  parish  of  Ave,  within  a  league 

of  Nantes,  it  is  stated  by  Og(^e  (ii.  705)  :  — 

**  L'Eglise  est  d^ee  h,  Sainte  Ave,  compagne  de  Sainte 
Cisule.** 

The  name  of  '^  Av6,'*  however,  may  be  a  cor- 
TOtion  of  that  of  "  Avoye,"  alias  "  Aurt^e,"  from 
waidi  I  have  already  shown  (p.  78)  the  existing 


town  of  Auray  derives  its  designation.  The  legend 
of  St.  Avoye  describes  her  as  niece  to  St.  Ursula, 
and  mentions  an  especial  devotion  being  paid  to 
her  in  Brittany,  where  her  intercession  is  sought 
for  on  behalf  of  weakly  children  incapable  of 
walking,  and  for  inciting  to  repentance  old  and 
hardened  sinners.  ("  La  Vie  de  Sainte  Avoye," 
§§  V.  vi.,  Damas  de  S.  Lovys,  pp.  347,  351,  356.) 

I  entertain  little  doubt  that  a  diligent  research 
as  to  the  patron-saints  of  the  various  parishes  in 
Brittany  would  add  considerably  to  the  number 
of  those  already  cited  by  me  (p.  78)  as  being 
honoured  in  this  province  as  the  male  companions 
(priests  or  bishops),  or  as  women  who  were 
worthy  members  of  that  great  body  of  martyrs 
designated  "  the  xi  thousand  virgins.^' 

The  number  of  and  the  peculiar  title  assigned 
to  these  martyrs  are,  I  am  well  aware,  carped  at. 
As  to  the  latter  objection,  it  may  be  remarked 
that  none  of  the  legends  of  St.  Ursula — at  least, 
none  that  I  know  of — describe  all  the  followers 
of  St.  Ursula  as  "virgins."  On  the  contrary,  we 
are  told  that  amongst  those  followers  were  wives 
and  widows.  The  fact  I  believe  is,  that  numbers 
of  these  women  were  going  to  be,  some  married, 
and  others  reunited  to  the  soldiers  of  which  Eng- 
land had  been  denuded  by  their  being  em-olled  m 
the  legions  of  Maximus;  and  when  the  male 
military  population  of  Britain,  to  use  the  words 
of  Gildas  {Be  Excid.  Brit,  c.  xi.),  "never  again 
returned  to  their  native  country."  * 

As  to  the  companions  of  St.  Ursula,  they  are 
thus  described  by  three  very  ancient  authorities : — 

1.  "Arriva  le  Martj-re  des  Onze  Mille  Vierges,  et  de 
quelques  autres,  tant  Evesques  que  soldats,  qui  estoient 
dans  la  mesme  Compagnie." 

2.  "Mais  la  Sainte  Eglise  de  Cologne  est  reconnuS 
pour  avoir  triomph^  par  ce  glorieux  et  Virginal  College 
(duquel  le  nombre  est  seulement  connu  de  Dieu),  car  Men 
soit  qu'il  y  eust  onze  mille  Vierges  designees,  il  y  eut 
encore  dans  la  mesme  Compagnie  plusieurs  millier* 
d'hommes,  de  femmes,  et  d'autres  Vierges^  nobles  et 
roturiers." 

3.  "  II  faut  de  surplus  remarquer  que  Sainte  Ursule  fut 
suivie  de  plusieurs  veuves,  Vierges,  et  autres  personnes 
de  I'un  et  de  I'autre  sexe."  —  Damas  de  S.  Lovys,  "  Se- 
conde  Prelude,"  pp.  8,  9,  11. 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  those  who  suffered  as 
companions  of  St.  Ursula  were  not  all  virgins: 
still  there  is  the  probability  that,  amid  that  mul- 
titude of  martyrs,  there  were  "eleven  thousand 
virgins." 

In  most  ancient  legends  a  peculiar  importance 
is  attached  to  certain  numbers.  Montalembert, 
in  his  Monks  of  tlie  West,  remarks,  in  a  passage  of 
which  I  regret  to  say  I  forgot  to  take  a  note,  "  how 
much  he  was  surprised  to  find  the  same  number 
recurring,  over  and  over  again,  in  various  Irish 

*  "Domum  nusquam  ultra  rediit."  See  also,  Bede, 
Uist.  Eccl,  lib.  I.  c.  xii. ;  and  in  lib.  i.,  Ve  Nat.  Rer,, 
"  nusquam  ultra  domum  redierat." 


140 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [4tb  s.  IV.  August  14.  '69. 


legends."  The  Bretons  are  of  the  same  race  as 
the  Irish,  and  an  illustration  of  their  veneration 
for  particular  numbers  is  to  be  found,  not  merely 
in  the  history  of  St.  Ursula  and  her  "  xi  thou- 
sand virgins,"  but  also  in  the  "  7777  martyrs  "  of 
Occismor — a  legend  of  which  (with  the  comments 
upon  it)  I  trust  your  readers  will  pardon  me  for 
presenting  them  with  the  following  version :  — 

"The  city  of  Occismor,  situated  in  the  commune  of 
Plouneventer,  was  in  the  year  409  inhabited  by  a  Roman 
colony  so  devoted  to  Christianity  that  it  was  everywhere 
called  the  Holy  City^  and  its  territory  the  Universe  of 
Perfection, 

"Its  sovereiejn  was  a  princess  of  the  most  exalted 
piety,  and  her  name  was  Teresa. 

"  Idolaters  came  and  wished  to  destroy  the  peace  and 
unity  which  this  holy  city  had  so  long  enjo^'ed.  They 
attacked  the  Occismi,  drove  them  out  of  their  city,  and 
won  a  ^eat  victory  over  them  in  that  district  which  is 
now  called  Saint-Servais.  The  battle  was  so  disastrous 
that  the  blood  of  the  Occismi  reddened  all  the  waters  of 
the  Bouillard,  and  the  field  in  which  the  battle  was  fought 
has  ever  since  been  called  the  Land  of  Suffering, 

"The  holy  army  was  not,  however,  as  yet  entirely 
destroyed — there  were  remnants  of  it  left,  who  retreated 
to  the  territory  of  Rivoara,  in  Bas-Leon  ;  and  there,  being 
again  defeated,  and  overwhelmed  by  a  multitude  of  bar- 
barians, they  consummated  their  with.  These  martyrs 
repose  in  the  cemetery  of  Lanrivoard.  The  loss  of  the 
Occismi  in  these  two  battles  amounted  to  7777,  that  is, 
according  to  the  Breton  mode  of  calculation,  7  thousand, 
7  hundred,  7  twenties,  and  7,  which  we  would  thus  set 
down  7847. 

**  The  Occismi  have  left  after  them  unequivocal  monu- 
ments of  their  love  for  religion,  in  the  vast  number  of 
crosses  to  be  found — even  until  the  year  1789 — upon  the  soil 
of  their  ancient  country.  Tradition  tells  us  that  the  first 
Bishops  of  Leon,  out  of  respect  for  this  holy  district,  had, 
for  some  time,  their  abode  there."     (De  Kerdonet) 

'*  Beside  the  common  cliurdiyard  belonging  to  the 
parish  of  Lanrivoar^,  there  is  another  into  which  no  one 
18  now  permitted  to  enter,  except  upon  certain  festival 
days;  and  even  then  no  one  would  be  allowed  to  go  there 
but  with  his  head  and  feet  uncovered,  because,  according 
to  tradition,  there  are  there  interred  7777  martyrs  of  the 
Christian  rdigion.  This  cemetery  is  enclosed  with  a  low 
wall,  except  on  the  western  side,  where  there  are  gross 
arcades,  in  the  midst  of  which  is  a  porch  and  a  statue  of 
the  Blessed  Virgin.  In  this  enclosure  there  is  a  large 
space  covered  with  stones  in  all  sorts  of  figures,  and 
bordered  by  a  species  of  pavement  in  black  marble.  Be- 
neath these  slabs  repose  the  7777  saints. 

"  Who,  then,  were  these  saints  ?  They  were  an  entire 
population  occupying  the  land  of  Rivoara,  and  who,  being 
newly  converted  to  Christianity,  were  attacked  by  a 
neighbouring  and  barbarous  population,  still  continuing 
Pagans,  and  by  them  exterminated.  (De  Fremenville, 
Antiquites  de  Finistere.) 

**  The  tradition  is,  that  there  was  a  great  battle  fought 
at  Lanrivoare.  There  is  a  churchvard  there  which  is 
called  *  the  Cemetery  of  the  Saint$,^  or  *  of  the  Seven 
TTiousand.*    (Cambri,  Voyage  dans  le  Finistere.) 

"  In  1664,  Alexander  VII.  approved  of  the  confrater- 
nity of  all  the  saints  at  Lanrivoard. 

"  An  immemorial  tradition  in  this  district,  and  in  all  the 
ancient  bishopric  of  L^on,  leads  us  to  believe  that  the 
cemetery  of  Lanrivoar^  contains  the  relics  of  several 
martyrs.  The  Cemetery  of  Holy  Martyrs  is  endosed 
with  a  wall ;  and  no  one  enters  it  without  first  taking  off 
his  shoes.    1  can  certify  that  pilgrims  are  to  be  seen. 


almost  every  day,  coming  to  visit  the  cemetery."  Glion, 
the  priest,  oflSciating  at  Lanrivoar^,  June  1889.  De 
Garoby,  pp.  408,  409,  410.* 

Thousands  of  crosses  were  erected  in  honour  of 
the  7777  martyrs  of  Occismor.  The  Rev.  Canon 
Jackson  suggests  that  thousands  of  sepulchral 
stones  were  planted  in  honour  of  the  "eleven 
thousand  "  Ursuline  martyrs.  Both  practices  are 
in  accordance  with  the  religious  feelings  of  the 
Bretons.  The  fact  in  the  one  case  is  notorious, 
and  as  to  the  Canon's  suggestion,  all  prohabilities 
are  in  its  favour,  with  a  single  exception,  and  that 
is,  that  the  parish  in  which  are  the  stones  of 
Camac  is  not  under  the  patronage  of  St  Ursula, 
but  of  St.  Cornelius,  and  there  is  a  legend  con- 
necting Cornelius  with  the  Camac  rocks;  but 
that  legend  is  so  absurd,  that  it  is  thus  treated 
with  derision  by  a  Roman  Catholic  priest : — 

*'  Les  habitans  donnent  aux  blocs  de  rochers  qui  le 
composent,  le  sobriquet  de  Soldats  de  Saint  ComeHle, 
patron  de  leur  paroisse  :  metaphore  que  quelques  aateors 
ont  prise  au  s^rieux,  pour  avoir  occasion  def aire  de  Tesprit 
au  d^pens  de  ce  bon  pen  pie." — Manet  (pretre),  HUUrire 
de  la  Petite-Bretagne,  i.  84  (Saint-Malo,  1834). 

Whatever  decision  may  be  arrived  at  as  regards 
the  idea  first  started  by  Canon  Jacksqn,  one 
thing  is  certain,  viz.  no  proposition  could  possiblj 
be  more  modestly  urged ;  and  no  person,  1  hope, 
can  have  read  his  communication  to  "  N.  &  Q,** 
concerning  Camac  without  entertaining  a  sinoeze 
res]^ect  for  the  abilities  and  good  feeling  manifested 
by  its  author.  Wm.  B.  Mac  Cabb. 

Place  St.-Sauveur,  Dinan,  France. 


I  quote  the  following  lines  from  the  article 
on  Camac,  given  on  pp.  98, 99 :  — 

"  Blind  Harry,  in  his  Metrical  Life  of  Wallace^  gives  ft 
long  account  of  a  victory  gained  at  Biggar  by  the  patriot 
hero  over  an  armv  commanded  by  Edward  I.  in  jperaon. 
Now  it  is  proved  by  the  English  rolls  that  Ring  Edirard 
could  not  have  been  in  Scotland  at  the  time ;  and  when 
we  come  to  examine  the  details  of  the  conflict,  we  find 
that  they  are  simply  reproductions  of  the  events  of  tiie 
battle  at  Koslin,  and  even  then  it  is  a  mistake  to  sap- 
pose  that  Edward  was  personally  present,  although  ne 
at  one  time  intended  to  have  been  so." 

I  have  read  the  life  of  Wallace  with  a  feeling 
of  as  much  impartiality  as  may  be  reasonably  ex- 
pected on  the  part  of  a  Scot ;  and,  some  twelve 
years  ago,  I  examined  the  field  of  Biggar  for  the 
express  purpose  of  finding  proofs  of  the  old  min- 
streFs  narrative.  I  then  made  the  following 
note:  — 

As  an  instance  of  unfairness  towards  Blind 
Harry,  I  refer  to  the  incredulity  with  which  the 
battle  of  Biggar  is  treated,  the  assigned  reason 

being  that  it  is  not  mentioned  by  other  histoiianSi 

^ 

*  Some  very  interesting  particulars  respecting  Ooci»- 
mor,  as  the  site  of  a  Roman  station,  will  be  found  in 
Emile  Souvest^re,  Le  Finistere  en  1836,  pp.  26,  27,  and 
in  Ogee,  vol,  i.  p.  456. 


^  s.  IV.  ADOU8T 14/69.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


141 


as  if  such  omission  justified  it  being  imputed  to 
him  that  his  account  is  fictitious. 

King  Edward  may  or  may  not  have  been  pre- 
sent on  the  ground,  but  it  would  be  quite  con- 
sistent with  his  conduct  in  having  removed  all 
the  national  annals  on  which  he  could  lay  his 
hands,  to  destroy  any  account  of  his  personal  dis- 
comfiture. He  might  have  been  in  the  battle, 
and  left  one  of  his  generals  to  act  the  vicarious 
part  of  the  defeated  commander. 

Such  an  occurrence  is  not  without  example  in 
our  times,  as  I  happen  to  know  from  a  dispatch 
dated  more  than  fifty  years  ago. 

Blind  Harry's  account  is  too  circumstantial  to 
he  a  fiction.  The  places  mentioned  by  him  are 
eafflly  traced. 

\S  allace,  leaving  his  camp  at  Tinto  to  recon- 
noitre that  of  the  English,  which  was  between 
Biggar  and  Corscryne,  approached  it  from  the 
village,  whence  he  could  see  the  low  groimd 
towards  the  south-east.  He  had  disguised  him- 
self as  a  cadger  (pedlar),  as  the  old  minstrel 
humorously  describes;  and  on  his  hasty  return, 
suspicion  having  arisen  among  the  English,  he 
passed  the  Biggar  rivulet  at  the  old  foot-bridge 
which  bears  the  name  of  the  ^^  Cadger's  brig." 

Wallace  kept  the  high  ground  towards  Birry- 
berry,  after  the  battle,  and  the  English  were 
forced  to  retiite  to  Culter  by  Rops-bog  and  Biggar- 
bog.  Scorers. 

Croqttet  (4***  S.  iii.  551.) — I  was  surprised  to 

read  the  two  communications  upon  the  origin  of 

this  word  from  W.  de  Aula  and  from  Jaydee. 

Croquet  is  simply  the  diminutive  of  crocy  a  crook, 

and  is  etymologically  identical  with  crochet,  with 

our  Enghsh  crockett  in  architecture  and  crotchety 

and  with  the  Italian  crocchictta.    It  is  explained  in 

Ducange's  Glossaty,  vii.  115  (ed.  Paris,  1850) :  — 

"  Cro<jue,  CRoguEBois,  cROQUEPOis,  CROQUET,  baton 
tnne  d*uii  croc  ou  qui  est  recourbc.    Gl.  ckoqum." 

And  upon  turning  to  this  word,  we  find  — 

**  Croqum,  a  Gall,  croc,  uncus.  Hinc  croque  et  croquet 
appellarunt  nostri  quicquid  unco  munitum  vel  ad  formain 
unci  recurvum  erat." 

The  author  then  quotes  from  a  MS.  of  date 
1898  — 

"  Lequel  bergier  haussa  un  Croquet  qu'il  tenoit  en  sa 
nuuD,  dont  il  rechassoit  ses  brebis." 

In  short,  it  is  the  old  French  term  for  bandy- 
stick  ;  and,  as  it  is  not  contracted  from  a  word  in 
«rf,  it  ought  of  course  to  be  written  without  the 
foolish  circumflex  over  the  c  of  the  last  syllable. 

R.  C.  A.  Prior. 

Baskerville's  Letter  to  Horace  Walpolb 
(4*  S.  ii.  29(5.)— Whc^n  I  inquired  last  Septem- 
ber whence  Mr.  Nichols  derived  his  copy  of  this 
letter?  whether  the  original  was  still  m  exist- 
ence ?  whether  it  was  sold  at  Strawberry  Hill  ? 


and  who  was  the  present  possessor?    I  did  not 

hope  that  the  original  letter  would  be  so  soon 

discovered,  and  certainly  never  dreamed  that  it 

would  fall  into  my  own  hands.     Fortimately,  I 

am  able  to  answer  my  own  query,  and  to  state 

that  at  the  sale  of  Mr.  Dillon's  autographs  by 

Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson  &  Hodge,  on  June  10, 

1869, 1  found  — 

"Lot  73. — Baskerville  (John),  eminent  Printer, 
b.  1706,  d.  1775.  A.  L.  s.  1  page  folio,  long  and  closely 
written  letter  to  Horace  Walpole,  specimen  sheet  of  his 
type,  &c." 

The  lot  was  sold  to  my  good  friend  Mr.  John 
Waller,  of  Fleet  Street,  for  6/.  2«.  Qd,,  and  would 
have  been  knocked  down  for  a  much  smaller  sum, 
but  for  the  fact  that  a  rare  little  note  of  Daniel 
Elzevir  had  been  placed  in  the  same  lot. 

The  letter  is  in  very  fine  condition,  only  one 
word  having  been  lost  by  the  careless  removal  of 
a  wafer,  and  unfortunately  this  word  gives  the 
value  of  the  patrimony  which  Baskerville  feared 
he  should  have  to  sacrifice  to  "this  business  of 
printing."  Mr.  Nichols  has,  however,  given  the 
amoimt,  and  probably  the  word  was  legiole  when 
his  copy  was  made.  The  most  interesting  fact 
connected  with  the  letter  is,  that  the  "  specimen" 
sheet  of  Baskerville's  type  has  been  preserved  with 
the  letter  which  earned  it  to  Walpole's  notice, 
and  is  a  very  valuable  "  specimen  "  of  the  Roman 
and  Italic  type  which  Baskerville  designed  and 
used  with  so  much  taste  and  skill. 

Sah.  Timhins. 

Birmingham. 

**WhEN    icy   EYESTBINeS    BREAK   IN   DeATH  " 

(4***  S.  iv.  57, 106.) — I  do  not  think  it  is  necessary 
to  go  so  far  as  A.  H.  does  for  the  meaning  of  this 
line.  There  is  a  common  opinion  that  the  muscles 
which  raise  and  lower  the  eyelids  break  when 
death  takes  place — an  opinion,  I  need  hardly  say, 
not  corroborated  by  anatomical  experience.  The 
version  of  the  line  to  which  A.  H.  gives  the  pre- 
ference, viz., — 

"  When  mine  eydids  close  in  death," 

may  be  the  best  from  a  rhythmical  point  of  view, 
but  the  simile  is  weakened  by  its  want  of  truth, 
as  the  eyes  do  not  necessarily  close  with  the  ap- 
proach of  death.  This  line  was  discussed  in  the 
Church  Times,  I  think,  about  three  or  four  years 
ago.  R.  B.  P. 

It  seenw,  from  some  of  the  oldest  copies  of 
Toplady's  hymn,  "Rock  of  Ages,"  that  the  au- 
thor's — 

"  When  my  eyestrings  break  in  death," — 

was  the  line  he  penned,  rather  than  the  common 
form  — 

"  When  my  eyelids  close  in  death," — 

which  is  now  generally  adopted:  preferable  on 
many  accounts,  and  answennff^  to  the  inspired 
expression — "  he  feU  asleepk"    In  addition  to  the 


142 


NOTE S  AND   QUERIE  S.  [^t^  S.  IV.  August  14,  '69. 


text  referred  to  by  A.  H.,  there  is  a  stanza  in  Dr, 
Watts's  hymn  (Book  i.  19,  v.  6)  with  which, 
no  doubt,  Toplady  was  familiar,  and  perhaps 
borrowed  the  idea ,  painfully  poetiC|  as  it  strikes 
every  reader :  — 

"  Then  while  ye  hear  my  heartstrings  break, 
How  sweet  my  minutes  roll ; 
A  mortal  paleness  on  my  cheek, 
And  glory  in  my  soul." 

E.  W. 

I  would  venture  to  suggest  that  this  strange 
phrase,  ''  eye-strings,"  of  Toplady's,  if  not  a  mis- 
print, is  a  mere  author's  tncuria  for  "  heart- 
strings." Ileart-stiings  is  not  so  uncommon  a 
word ;  and  it  occurs  in  a  poem  likely  enough  to 
have  been  seen  by  Toplady,  viz.  in  Watts*s 
shambling  sapphics  on  the  *'  l)ay  of  Judgment "  : 

"  Thoughts,  like  old  vultures,  prey  upon  their  heart- 
strings," <bc.  &c. 

w.s. 

Popular  Names  of  Plants  :  Batle  :  Paigle 
(4*»»  S.  iii.  106,  242,  341,  469.)— If  Mr.  Britten 
has  not  seen  Jacob's  Plants  Favershatnierues 
(1777),  he  will  there  find  much  information  on 
the  names  given  to  wild  plants  in  East  Kent.  In 
this  work  I  find  7%ywiu«  acinos  is  called  wild 
basil  (bayle  ?) ;  while  Primula  verts  inajor  is 
named  common  pagil  or  cowslip. 

George  Bedo. 

6,  Pulross  Road,  Brixton. 

French  Huguenots  at  the  Cape  (4***  S.  iii. 
178.) — I  had  the  pleasure  of  reading  Mr.  Hall's 
notice  of  the  French  Huguenots  at  the  Cape  in  a 
late  number  of  *'N.  &  Q."  to  some  of  their 
descendants  in  this  neighbourhood,  who  appeared 
highly  pleased  that  they  should  be  still  remem- 
bered in  Europe,  and  promised  to  hunt  me  up,  if 
possible,  ^ome  traditions  or  memorials  of  their 
forefathers,  the  original  exiles. 

I  send  you  a  table  of  the  names  of  the  principal 
families  in  South  Africa  at  present  who  are  of 
French  descent,  but  they  are  now  widely  scattered 
from  Table  Mountain  to  the  remote  Limpopo,  and 
the  Drachenberg  Mountains,  where,  amongst  the 
Transvaal  republicans  and  colonists  of  Natal,  their 
names  may  be  found,  but  in  many  cases  the 
original  French  is  quite  lost  in  the  Dutch  pro- 
nunciation of  it.  Very  many,  too,  of  the  families 
who  emigrated  here  have  become  extinct,  and 
some  few  have  returned  to  France. 

The  dark  eye  and  hair,  the  smaller  and  more 
active  figure  and  sharply-cut  features  yet  dis- 
tinguish the  Cape  farmer  of  French  descent  from 
his  Batavian  brother,  whose  dull  grey  and  rather 
fisliy-looking  eye,  and  tall,  corpulent,  though 
slow-moving  figure  cannot  be  mistaken  as  of  the 
genuine  Holland  type,  although  the  freq^uent  in- 
termarriages of  the  two  races  are  fast  obhterating 
even  these  distinctions,  and  the  tendency  of  the 


climate,  favoured  no  doubt  by  the  abundant  use 
of  animal  food,  is  to  increase  the  human  frame 
both  in  height  and  weight,  while  as  they  advance 
in  years  the  same  tendency  no  doubt  indisposes  the 
Boers  to  active  exercise,  and  so  shortens  hfe. 

XV. 

Stellenbosch,  Cape  Colony. 

Table  of  principal  Families  of  French  Descent  now  found 

in  South  Africa, 

Alinff.  Du  Pre.  Mechao. 

Aspelin.  Du  Preez.  Meiring. 

Auret.  Du  Toit,  Mostert. 

Basson.  Faure.  Mouton. 

Berraugi^.  Fourie.  Naud^. 

Biccard.  Gie.  Rabie. 

Bisseux.  Hugo.  Raynier. 

Buissinn^.  Joubert.  Retief. 

Cauvin.  Jourdain.  Rocher. 

Cilliers.  Le  Roux  or  Roos.      Roubaix. 

De  Raubaix  or  Le  Soeur.  Roussouw. 

Roubaix.  Le  Grange.  Serrurier. 

De  Villiers.  Maritz.  Tredoux. 

Delporte.  Malan.  Theron. 

Desfontaines.  Marais.  Yosges. 

Desvoages.  Malherbes.  Vivier. 

Durant.  Marillier. 

Du  Plessis.  Maynier. 

iVote.— In  the  Table  of  Chronological  Events  to  HalTs 
South  African  Geography^  the  number  of  French  exilw 
between  1G8.5  and  1690  is  stated  to  amount  to  300. — J.  Y. 

Scottish  Lessee  Barons,  etc.  (4**»  S.  iv.  70.) 
The  expressions  marriage  and  hrydeUs  in  the 
tack  of  1661,  quoted  by  Espedare,  have  nothing 
to  do  with  the  performance  of  the  marriage  cere- 
mony, but  relate  to  a  well-known  feudal  casualty 
belonging  to  the  over-lord,  or  superior,  whi(£ 
he  was  entitled  to  claim  in  the  event  of  any  of  his 
vassals  entering  into  a  matrimonial  alliance.  The 
whole  matter  is  fully  explained  by  Lord  Stair  in 
his  well-known  work,  book  ii.  title  iv.  §  60  ^ 
atitb.  In  fact  the  tack  referred  to  conferred  on 
Andrew  Smith,  the  blacksmith,  the  character  of 
the  donator  mentioned  by  Lord  Stair.  As  this 
Jltie,  to  use  an  English  law  expression,  amounted 
to  a  year*  8  rent  of  the  feu,  unless  expressly  limited 
by  the  terms  of  the  original  grant,  a  tack  of  it 
became  a  matter  of  considerable  value  if  the  sub- 
vassals  happened  to  be  numerous. 

While  writing  the  above,  I  happened  to  recol- 
lect a  charter  of  Abbot  Henry  of  Kelso,  1208- 
1218,  by  which  he  conferred  on  Gilemer,  son  of 
Gilconel,  certain  lands  in  the  parish  of  Lesma- 
hago.     It  contains  the  following  clause : — 

*'  Molet  autem  ad  molendinum  nostrum  ipse  et  hominoB 
sui  ct  molendinum  faciunt  sicnt  ceteri  homines  nostti. 
Habebit  auteni  merchetas  de  fliabus  hominum  suorumj* 
{Liber  de  Calchon.  p.  108.) 

George  Vere  Irvikg. 

Sun-dials  (4***  S.  iv.  74.) — In  reply  to  the  in- 
quiry of  Mr.  a.  B.  Grosart,  I  beg  to  inform 
him  that  at  Tredegar  Park,  the  ancient  seat  of 
the  Morgan  family,  in  the  county  of  Monmouth, 
in  a  room  panelled  v^ith  cedar,  one  pane  of  the 


4'»s.iv.AuoLsTU,'69.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


window  ia  niarlced  n-itb  the  lines  and  hours  for  a 
Bun-dial,  radiating  from  an  anrcstral  projectin^f 
gnomou,  and  beneath  it  is  the  motto  burnt  in  thf 
glass,  "  Lumen  et  umbra  Dei.     lG7-i." 

OcT.vvica  MoEQiX. 
PoPiTL.iiios  OF  London,  Ump.  IIeney  II.  {4" 
S.  iv,  7-1.)— Lying  before  me  I  have  some,  but 
not  all,  the  uncorrected  proof-sheets  of  the  forlh- 
coouDg  "  Catalogue  of  leitiles  in  the  South  Ken^- 
sington  Museum,"  bj  Dr.  Rock,  wherein  I  find  , 
an  answer  to  the  above  question  in  these  words 


"Tboogh  in 
bead  city  or  tti 


a  reiftn  of  H«nry  II.  London  was 
insdoni,  and  the  chief  home  of  royi 
perhaps  be  slartted  oq  hearing 

tr  of  40,000,' BSWB  learn  from  I'el 


:.  (i-et 


;8(Lon-. 
B(()ue  centum  el 


s  Op<n 


eaplul  of 


Tunnti  ei 
t,ii.p.e5.. 

Piletmo—by  itself  was  ridding  to  its  kinif  a  yearly  nr 
TCDtie  quite  equal  in  amount  to  tbe  whole  income  of 
EngliDd's  tovereign,  as  we  are  lold  by  Gerald  Bstt}',  tbe 
leanwd  Welsh  writer  then  living :  '  Urbs  etenim  una 
Sidlis,  Palerniiea  scilicet,  plus  certi  redditus  regi  Siculo 
singalis  annis  reddere  solct,  <[uaai  Anglorum  regi  Dune 
reddit  An^ilin  tol.i.'  (Giraldui  Cambrensi%  J>i  Inililu- 
tiinu  Frindjnim,  ed.  J.  S.  Stewart,  p.  1&8.)  This  great 
wealth  was  gaiherrf  to  Sicily  by  tier  trade  in  sillten  tex- 
tile*."— CatahgiiC  rf  Tcxiilei,  Introduction,  p.  cxviii.,  by 
Dr.  Rocli. 

a. 
Cakbixil  op  York  (i'"  S.  iii.  212,  366,  418, 
442,  391,  587.) — I  i^uite  understand  and  agree 
with  Mr.  Pbowett  in  bis  appeal  to  the  great 
medieval  principle  of  non- representation,  but 
aUow  me  to  question  his  conclusions.  I  have 
given  some  time  and  pains  to  the  inresligation  of 
this  subject,  and  have  nnired  at  the  following 
opinion.  The  question  of  representation  was  not 
generally  uncertain  over  Europe,  as  1  have  seen 
implied- "by  more  than  one  writer;  but  each  coun- 
try had  it's  "  custom  "  in  this  matter.  Kepresen- 
tation  was  the  "  custom  "  of  France,  Normandy, 
Touraine,  Maine,  and  Anjou ;  non-representiition 
was  the  "  custom  "  of  England  and  Artoia.  The 
law  of  England  exdudin;;  representatioti,  John 
was  undoubtedly  the  true  heir  to  this  crown,  and 
Arthur  ought  to  have  inherited  Normandy  and 
the  smaller  fiefs  in  which  representation  obtained. 
Edward  III.,  with  great  inconsistency,  attempted  ' 
to  establish  representation  in  England  just  before  I 
hia  death,  by  persundiog  hb  nobles  to  acknow-  I 
ledge  his  grandson  Richard  as  his  heir,  while  he  I 
had  spent  a  great  part  of  his  life  in  the  attempt 
to  establish  in  France  the  precisely  opposite  prin-  | 
ciple.  It  may  bo  urged  that  tlio  pnnciple  was  ■ 
tbe  same  in  both  cases,  because  Ednard  himself 
represented  his  mother.  I  think  not.  There  was 
At  this  time  in  France  no  heir  left  without  admit- 
ting the  representative  principle  to  a  greater  or 
less  extent;  for  the  idTea  of  femali 


nuver  occurred  to  either  party.  Edward's  argu- 
!  ment  was  that  the  least  possible  amount  of  re- 
presentation should  be  the  point  selected,  and  luB 
mother,  aa  a  woman,  went  for  nothing;  beside 
which  she  was  still  alive,  so  that  there  was  no 
real  representation  in  the  case  according  to  tho 
medieval  idea,  which  held  that  death  dissolved 
the  link  between  the  cronrn  and  the  individual 
representative.  The  entire  strngnilo  of  the  Wars 
of  the  Koses  was  besei  upon  this  principle,  and 
it  was  only  laid  at  reft  by  the  marriage  of  Eliza- 
beth of  Yorli,  the  represent  live  of  representation, 
with  Henry  VII.,  the  wofully  inconsistent  repre- 
sentative of  a  representative  of  non-representation. 
Thecauseswhich  led  tn  the  accession  oTBicbardll. 
—  the  first  successful  attempt  to  abrogate  this 
law — are  too  voluminous  to  be  discussed  here  j  bitt 
I  am  entering  fully  into  the  question  in  my  forth- 
coming "Lives  of  the  Consorts  of  English  Princes," 
which  ia  progressing  as  quickly  aa  delicate  health 
and  other  engagements  will  permit  of  it 

Heykb  (4"'  S.  iv.  0.)— There  ought  not  to  be 
the  least  doubt  about  this  word ;  most  certunl<r  it 
means  a  hur-clotb.  It  occurs  in  Langland'a  Piert 
Piomman,  text  A.  v.  48,  and  in  Chaucer's  Momamtt 
of  the  Sose,  1.  438;  two  quite  sufficient  authori- 
ties. "Walxek  W.  Skkat, 

Fbeb  Tkade  (4'"  S.  iii.  343.)— I  do  hope  that 
Aristotle's  shade  has  not  disturbed  Mb,  Bucetoit'b 
dreams  by  night  or  repose  by  day,  but  i!f  (or  that 
of  Eudemus)  must  have  been  somewhat  restlea^ 
when  it  found  its  magnum  nomen  pressed  into 
"free  trade,"  aa  far  as  the  passage  in  De  Moribai, 
V.  5,  goes.  This  passage  speaks  of  iKoiirta  (b),  ana 
iUaiiir>ii(S)|ini>'aAAa7fiaTa;  (a)  Such  as  Greek  would 
call  &  JKuiv  Tap'  jvni-rai,  e.  g^  as  the  writer  eaja, 
buying,  selling,  lending,  borrowing,  &c. ;  (fl)  where 
the  ''doer"  is  iniy,  but  the  "done-by"  ia  JKCfv 
[itiiv  Tup'  Kkditdi),  e.  g.,  as  the  writer  also  saja, 
thieving,  murder,  robbery,  &c  What  has  this  to 
do  with  "free  trade  "P  'Anotora  oi/iaAAJv/inTu,  I 
iidmit,  have  some  coimeelion  with  /r«ebootiiig. 
I  have  not  yet  found  an  interpretation  of  aw/i\- 
\iryM".  'Enniirior  avyiMioypa  clearly  js  "a  dealing, 
bargtuning."  ixoiaur  o.  is  a  transaction  between 
A.  and  B.,  but  how  that  is  to  be  expressed  in  one 
';vord  I  do  not  see.  To  give  a  familiar  illustra- 
tion ;  A.  sits  beside  B.  in  on  omnibus.  A.  finds 
jiimself,  after  quittingthe  omnibus,  relieved  of  hia 
yurse.  Here  A.  and  B.  have  had  a  oun£AAn>Ma — 
there  has  been  'aaa 0715— still  there  has  been  no 
■'  dealing."  (A.  may  say  B.  has  dealt  very  unfairly 
with  him,  I  grant.)  The  words  iri  <|  ipjA  'r"' 
■nira\XayiiJLTair  Tairar  hoieiat  refer  simply  to  the 
itoitior  awiM-ariiHi.  KIr.  Bucktom  has  omitted 
(accidentally  of  course)  ■mirtiy. 

Charles  Thibiold. 
Cambridge. 


144 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[*"'  a.  IV.  Auocn  n 


•   HBiBSE(4"'S.iT.61.)— Whfltiathemeftningof 
herse  in  (he  following  Hues  of  Browae's  Bnltatnia't 
PattoraU  (book  i.  BODg  2)  P — 
"WbHt  Muse?   wbat  Powre  ?  or  wbat  thrice  ucred 
Herae, 
That  liaex  immiirtslt  in  ■  ivotUtaiied  Verse, 
Can  lend  me  such  a  sight  Ibat  I  might  see 

Some  glossator  (who  is  eTidently  nothing  if  not 
classical)  has  su^eated'Epin)  in  the  mikr^  of  m; 
copy. 

Is  it  quite  clear  that  the  abaurditj  is  Spenser's 
in  F.  Q.  lii.  2, 48,  and  not  that  of  his  coQimeat«tor 
T.  Warton  P  I  Tonture  with  much  diffidence  to 
disagree  with  Mr.  Ske&'t  ;  but  herae  in  that  pas- 
Mge  seems  to  me  not  to  be  putfor  rehearMil  at  all, 


the  reign  of  Elizabeth.     I  nerer  heard  before  of  a 

ulver  tffg,  as  mentioned  bj  your  correspondeilt. 

John  Pioqot,  Jdn.,  F.S.A. 

DircKiNs-sTooi.  AND  CncKiMQ-sToot  (4"'  S.  iii 
620;  iv.  61.)— Surely  it  ou)fht  to  be  noted  that 
these  two  things  are  quit«  different,  as  is  weU  ex- 
plained in  Chambers's  Book  of  Uaye,  i,  211.  Brand 
confounds  the  two,  hut  he  should  have  known 
better.  The  cuiioiia  who  require  the  derivation  of 
the  latter  are  referred  to  a  verh  used  in  the 
eighth  line  of  Pope's  "  Imitation  of  Spenser,"  to 
which  he  gave  the  name  of  "The  Alley."  Thi» 
poem  Pope  wrote  in  his  youth,  but  did  not  bum 
m  hia  maturer  age,  aa  he  might  Tery  well  h&TO 


battc 


if  which  Mb.  Skbit  has  written. 
"  Heerce  "  in  I¥ompt.  Farv., 


Waltee  W.  Skbax. 


MClesiasticum 
Way,  in  a 

"  It  (Ibe  Aerria)  -was  uot,  at  first,  Bidusivalj-  a  part  of 
funeral  display,  but  waa  u:^ed  in  tbe  aolema  aerriccs  of  i 
tie  boly  week  ;  thna  by  Ibe  statute  of  the  Sj'nod  of  [ 
Exeter,  1287,  every  pariah  was  bound  to  provide  the  j 
'hercia  ad  tencbras.'  "  | 

I  am  willing  to  think  that  Spenser  had  not  the 
word  rehearsal  in  his  thoughla  when  he  wrote 
"holy  herse,"  but  put  that  eipresaion  for  "the 
holy  service."  Joan  Addis,  M.A. 

Rnatington,  near  LittlebamptoD,  Sussex. 

Metrical  PRBracrioN  (3''  S.  viii.  326 ;  4""  S. 
JT.  81.)— I  am  much  obliged  to  Mr.  LvuBr  foe 
correcting  my  mistakes,  and  those  of  vour  com- 
positor, for  I  am  not  responsible  for  all  those  he 
bos  amended,  and  in  fumess  to  myself  I  think 
you  will  allow  me  to  say  bo.  Such  as  are  mine  I 
thank  him  for  pointing  out;  hut  I  heg  he  will 
understand  that  I  was  not  guiltv  of  such  blunders 
as  "gulo"  for  " graunte,"  or  "comforting"  for 
"coinforhynge."  ILermentrttdb. 

A  Cambribqbshike  Tig  (4'"  8.  iv.  74.)  —  The 
Ug,  or  more  correctly  tyg,  was  made  in  the 
Staffordahiro  potteries  in  large  quantities  in  the 
seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries.  Some  had 
two  handles,  and  were  said  to  hare  been  "  parting 
cups " ;  and  those  with  three  or  more  handles 
"loving  cup.1,"  being  so  arranged  that  several  peo- 

tcould  drink  out  of  them,  each  using  a  different 
die,  and  so  bringing  their  lipa  to  a  different 
part  of  the  rim.  This  ia  the  explanation  of  Mr. 
Jewitt  in  his  Life  of  Wedgwood,  p.  25.  He  figures 
four  examples ;  two  found  in  a  disused  lead  mine 
at  Great  Hucklow,  Derby,  where  they  must  have 
been  for  two  hundred  years ;  and  two  in  the  Mu- 
aeum  of  Practical  Geology.  Miss  Meteyard  (ii/e 
of  Wcdgxeood,  i.  75)  figures  a  Staffordshire  tyg, 
bearing  the  date  1012,  formed  of  brown  clay,  and 
covered  with  a  lead  glaze,  in  the  Mayer  collection. 
She  states  they  were  known  in  England  before 


I  am  well  acquainted  with  this  interesting 
relic ;  and  the  illuatratian  of  it  in  Mr.  Townseud^ 
Leaminsier  (mentioned  by  your  correspondent  at 
page  61)  is  from  my  pencil.  I  am  able  to  say, 
that  Mb.  Noakb  was  not  correctly  informed  in 
what  he  wrote  at  p.  526  of  the  preceding  volume 
of  "  N.  &  Q. ;  and  I  know  enough  of  him  and  hia 
valuable  works  to  feel  sure  that  be  will  be  tlio 
first  to  rejoice  in  the  real  circumstances  of  the 
case.  I  am  informed,  on  the  best  authority,  that 
they  are  as  follows :  —  The  restoration  of  Leo- 
minater  church  has  necessitated  the  usage  of  tho 
northern  aisle  for  divine  service,  and  the  conse- 
quent removal  of  the  cumbrous  ducking-stool, 
which  for  some  yeats  had  stood  there.  As  the 
southern  porUon  of  the  church  is  now  undeigoing 
restoration,  it  was  clear  that  the  ducking-stod 
must  be  taken  somewhere  to  be  out  of  the  way. 
At  this  juncture  the  member  for  the  borough 
R.  Arkwright,  Esq,,  of  Hampton  Court,  Here- 
fordshire (who  had  already  shown  hia  care  for 
the  antiquities  of  Leominster  by  purchasing  tbe 
old  Town  Hall  and  re-erecting  it  on  the  Orange), 
offered  to  be  at  the  cost  of  repairing  and  reno- 
vating the  duclting-stool  in  order  that  it  might  bft 
preserved  to  posterity.  It  was  accordingly  re- 
moved to  the  place  where  it  was  aeen  by  Us. 
NoAKG,  and  taken  to  pieces,  eo  that  it  might  be 
painted  and  varnished,  and  its  broken  iron-work 
rep^red.  This  is  being  done  at  the  sole  cost  of 
Mr.  Arkwright.  The  question  now  is,  where  tO 
place  the  ducking-stool  p  CuiHBEBT  BeDB. 

It  maj  be  interesting  to  note  that  at  Xiost- 
withiel,  m  Cornwall,  there  waa  formerly  a  duckinff- 
atool  over  a  stream  known  as  the  Copper  Lake, 
near  the  jresent  railway  station.       E.  H.  W.  D, 


Steamships  peedicted  (4'"  S.  iv.  28,  85.)— I 
missed  the  first  of  the  above  noted  replies ;  but  I  . 
infer  that  most  students  must  he  familiar  with 
Darwin's  simple  prophecy,  promising  us  not  onh' 
steamships,  but  locomobvea  and  navigable  bat 


4*  s.  IV.  AuGcsT  14, '69.]         NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


145 


**  Soon  shall  thine  arm,  unconqnerM  steam,  afar 
Drag  the  slow  barge,  and  drive  the  rapid  car ; 
Or,  on  wide  waving  wings  extended  bear 
The  flying  chariot  through  the  realms  of  air." 

I  quote  from  memory.     As  a  contribution  to 
the  bibliography  of  improvements  in  navigation, 
I  may  mention   that  m  an  old  number  of  the 
Montidy  Magazine  (conducted   by   Sir  Richard 
Phillips)  I  lately  met  with  a  very  curious  letter 
from  Mr.  Playfair,  the  engineer,  who  states  that 
in  his  youth  he  was  employed  as  a  draughts- 
man in  the  office  of  Messrs.  Boulton  and  Watt,  and 
that  a  friend  of  the  first-named  gentleman  brought 
to  him  the  model  of  a  ship  in  tin,  which  was  pro- 
pelled rapidly  across  a  large  pond  by  means  of  a 
revolving  screw  placed  underneath  the  keel.    The 
form  of  the  screw,  he  said,  was  similar  to  that 
naed  in  raising  malt  to  the  granaries  at  Whit- 
bread's  brewhouse.     The  screw  was  set  in  motion 
by  clockwork.   Mr.  Boulton  was  very  much  struck 
"With  the  idea ;  but  Watt  laughed  at  it,  declaring 
it  to  be  a  "gimcrack,"  only  fit  to  send  to  Japan. 
The  dale  of  this  transaction  was,  I  think,  1780 ; 
hnt  U I  can  hunt  up  the  particular  volume  of  the 
Monthly  (of  which  I  have  sixty- nine)  in  which 
the  letter  appeared,  I  will  send  it  to  you. 

G.  A.  Sala. 

Earliest  Specimen  of  Papeb  (4**>  S.  iv.  96.) 
Matthias  Koop,  in  his  historical  account  of  the 
mvention  of  paper  and  of  the  substances  used  in 
making  the  same  (London,  1801),  at  p.  167,  says : 
"  that  the  art  of  making  it  from  cotton  was  only 
imported  into  Europe  in  the  eleventh  century,  but 
that  it  had  been  known  and  practised  by  the 
Chinese,  Persians,  Tartars,  and  Arabians  for  some 
three  centuries  (or  more)  earlier  " ;  and  at  pp.  176-7 
that  **  it  came  into  use  in  France  shortly  after  its 
inTention,  but  at  what  period  it  was  introduced 
into  England  cannot  be  ascertained  with  accu- 
racy. Tiie  most  ancient  MS.  which  can  be  pro- 
duoed  (qy.  where  or  by  whom  ?)  is  of  A.D.  1049  " ; 
tnd  he  adds,  **  that  the  material  was  gradually 
supplanted  by  linen  in  1342.'*  E.  B. 

Higbgate. 

Hall  Families  (4^"  S.  iii.  528.)— The  Rev. 
John  Ilall,  appointed  vicar  of  Bromsgrove,  Wor- 
cestershire, in  1624,  was  a  son  of  Richard  Hall  of 
Worcester,  clothier,  by  Elizabeth,  nSe  Bonner,  his 
^e.  Richard  Ilall  had  another  son,  Thomas, 
hom  1010,  incumbent  of  King's  Norton.  He  died 
iwueless  in  lOOo. 

The  Bishop  of  Bristol  died  in  1709-10,  set. 
serenty-seven,  and  was  buried  at  Bromsgrove. 
He  gave  the  rents  of  his  property  at  Hollow- 
fields,  Hanburv',  for  charitable  purposes.  The 
^v.  John  Spilsbury,  son  of  William  Spilsbury  of 
Bewdley,  married  the  bishop's  sister.  He  was  of 
Magdalen  College,  Oxford ;  admitted  October  20, 
1646,  eet  sixteen,  and  afterwards  vicar  of  Broms- 


grove, but  ejected  in  1662.    His  only  child,  John 
Spilsbury,  was  the  bishop's  heir  and  executor. 

In  1824  the  Rev.  Thomas  Spilsbury,  **  grandson 
and  heir-at-law  of  John  Spilsbury,  nephew  and 
executor  of  Bishop  Hall/'  was  living  at  Kidder- 
minster. 

The  Halls  of  Hallow  bore,  according  to  Nash^ 
Erm.  3  hounds'  heads  erased;  but  the  bishop 
bore,  Sa.  crusuly  arg.  3  talbots'  heads  erased  of  the 
second,  langued  gu. 

I  find  in  Berry's  Heraldic  Dictionary  a  coat 
attributed  to  Spilsburie  of  ''Hustolbury  near 
Worcester."  viz.  "  Sa.  a  fesse  gules  between  8 
unicorns'  neads  argent.  Crest :  a  unicorn's  head 
gorged  with  a  band  and  four  pearls  as  apper- 
taining to  a  baron's  coronet. 

"Hustolbury"  is,  I  suppose,  HartUhury ;  but 
what  is  Mr.  Kerry's  authority  for  the  coat  so 
quaintly  blazoned  P  H.  S.  G. 

Bells  and  Spears  (4«»  S.  iv.  30, 82.)— By  bells 
Lingard  means  hawKs' -bells.  I  need  scarcely 
remind  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  that  the  hawk's- 
bell  is  a  hollow  sphere  of  metal,  with  a  pebble  or 
some  other  rattling  object  inside.  There  are  two 
holes  near  each  other  in  the  sphere,  with  a  slit 
between  them  to  let  out  the  soimd.  On  the 
south  front  of  Greenway's  Chapel,  St.  Peter's 
Church,  Tiverton,  Devon,  there  are  sculptures  of 
ships  of  the  time  of  Elizabeth ;  and  at  the  end  of 
the  pendant  of  one  of  them  a  hawk's-bell  is 
fastened  to  make  a  jingling  as  the  pendant  flut- 
ters. But,  to  go  back  to  more  ancient  times,  I 
may  observe  that  plate  iii.  of  Sir  Samuel  Mej- 
ricfi's  Costume  of  tne  Original  InhahUants  of  the 
British  Islands  represents  two  figures,  of  which 
one,  a  Caledonian,  holds  a  spear,  attached  to  which 
is  a  thong  and  a  hawkVbell.  The  hawk's-bell  is 
of  bronze,  and  as  large  as  an  orange.  The  de- 
scription says : — 

*<  At  the  butt  end  of  it  is  a  round  ball  of  brass  filled 
with  pieces  of  metal,  to  make  a  noise  when  engaged  with 
cavalry.  This  ball,  in  the  Highland-Scotch  or  Irish  lan- 
guage, was  called  *  Cnopstara'  — i.  e.  the  active  ball." 

A  note  refers  to  ''Xiphilin  ex  Dione  Nicaao  in 
Sever,"  and  another  remarks :  "  The  ball  seems 
the  prototype  of  the  bells  for  wagffon  horses." 
The  use  of  hawks'-bells  attached  to  horses  is  not 
yet  gone  out.  P.  HurcHUffSOir. 

Biblical  Heraldry  (4'*»  S.  iii.  654;  iv.46.) — ^I 
possess  a  ^'  breeches  "  Bible,  the  title-page  to  each 
testament  being  covered  with  woodcuts  repre- 
senting the  scutcheons  of  the  twelve  tribes,  also 
the  distinguishing  badges  of  Christ's  apostles, 
and  also  the  four  evangelists.  Particulars  of  these 
latter  shall  be  given  if  wished  for.  The  wood- 
cuts of  the  twelve  tribes  do  not  quite  agree  with 
Master  Sylvanus  Morgan's  lines,  as  Joseph  is  re- 
presented with  a  strong  ox  standing,  and  Levi 
with  an  open  book  on  his  shield.    Tne  Bible  has 


146 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES.         [^*  s.  iv.  august  u,  '69. 


bound  with  it  "  Two  right  profitable  and  fruit- 
full  Concordances,  or  large  and  ample  Tables 
Alphabetical],"  Sec,  &c.,  the  preface  to  which  is 
dated  1578  and  signed  "  Robert  F.  Kerry."  The 
plates  of  the  woodcuts  are  dated  respectively  1G08 
and  1610.  I  should  be  obliged  by  being  told  if  I 
possess  a  valuable  book.  A.  T.  F.  P. 

In  a  little  English  Peerage  in  my  possession 
(the  title  is  gone,  but  the  date  of  the  last  creation 
is  1720)  at  the  end  is  a  dissertation  on  Gentry  and 
Bearing  of  Arms,  in  which  occurs  the  following 
passage :  — 

"  Abel,  the  second  son  of  Adam,  bore  his  father*8  coat 
quartered  with  that  of  his  mother  Eve,  she  being  an 
heiress,  viz.  Gules  and  argent;  and  Joseph's  coat  was, 
Party  per  pale,  argent  and  gules." 

I  think  this  little  volume  is  called  the  British 
Compendium.  Upthorpe. 

Park  (4»'»  S.  iv.  83.)— It  may  be  of  interest  to 

aome  of  your  correspondents  to  know  that  park  is 

commonly  used  for  a  field  or  close  in  Cornwall.    I 

have  collected  from  tithe  apportionments  and  other 

documents  about  1000  Celtic  names  beginning  with 

Park.     These  are   found   mostly  in  the  western 

part  of  the  county.    In  the  eastern  part,  Park  is 

more  commonly  found  as  a  suifix  with  a  common 

English  prefix,  ordinarily  an  equivalent  to  a  Celtic 

fiuffix.     Thus  in  the  west  we  have,  1.  Park  an 

Als ;  2.  Park  an  Bew ;  3.  Park  Anchy ;  4.  Park 

Andrea;  5.  Park  an  Ean;  6.  Park  an  Gear;  7. 

Park  an  Gelly ;  8.  Park  an  Yet ;    9.  Park  an 

Pons;  10.   Park  an  Skeber;  11.  Park  Venton; 

12.  Park  an  Hale ;  13.  Park  Bannel ;  14.  Park 

Behan;  16.  Park  Bellas;  16.  Park  Cadjaw;  17. 

Park  Colas ;  18.  Park  Dowrick ;  19.  Park  Davis ; 

20.  Park  Drannack ;  21.  Park  Garrack ;  22.  Park 

Guemen ;  23.  Park  Gum,  &c. ;  and  in  the  east, 

exactly  corresponding  with  these,  1.  Cliff  Park ; 

2.  Cow  Park;   3.  House  Park;  4.  Home  Park; 

5.  Lamb's  Park ;  6.  Camp  Park ;  7.  Grove  Park ; 

8.  Gate  Park ;  9.  Bridge  Park ;  10.  Bam  Park ; 

11.  Spring  Park;    12.  Moor  Park;    13.  Broom 

Park;  14.  Behan  or  Little  Park;  16.  Pillas  or 

Poor  Park ;  IG.  Daisy  Park  ;  17.  Bottom  Park ; 

18.  Water  Park;  19.   Sheep   Park;    20.   Thorn 

Park ;  21.  Rock  Park ;  22.  Alder  Park ;  23.  White 

Park,  &c.     In  copying  the  above,  I  have  given 

the  spelling  as  I  nnd  it,  as  I  always  do  in  the 

{jflossary  of  Coniish  NamcSj  now  being  published. 

J.  Bannister. 
S.  Day,  Cornwall. 

Pieces  from  MSS.  No.  VI.  (4»''  S.  iv.  94.)  — 
**Houre  combely  kyng  hary"  may  have  been 
Henry  VII.  The  rich  Sir  Wm.  Stanley  of  Holt, 
brother  of  the  king's  step-father,  was  lord  chamber- 
lain ;  but  he  was  beheaded  in  1495,  when  Arthur 
Prince  of  Wales  was  only  nine  years  of  age ;  there 
may,  however,  have  been  subsequent  lord  chamber- 
lains in  Henry's  reign,  though  none  so  prominent. 


The  word  "  fueryn "  may  be  meant  for  Fitz- 
Warine.  John  Bourchier,  third  Lord  Fitz-Warine 
and  first  Earl  of  Bath,  was  a  very  wealthy  and 
prominent  peer,  1479-1639.  A.  Hall. 

If  this  carol  be  of  the  fifteenth  century,  I  do 
not  see  to  what  king  it  can  refer  except  Henry  IV. 
That  he  deserved  the  epithet  of  *•  comely,"  any 
person  who  has  seen  his  portrait  in  Creton's  MS. 
will  own.  It  may  help  Mb.  Furnivall  at  least 
to  his  "Lord  Chamberlain"  to  have  the  following 
list  of  the  King's  Council  from  Rot.  Pat.  6  H.  IV., 
Part  2  :— 

"  UArceveque  de  York ;  TEveque  de  Lincoln,  ,Cbaa- 
celier  d'Engleterre  [Ilenr}'  Beaufort]  ;  le  Sire  de  Roa, 
Tresorier ;  le  Dean,  Gardien  du  Privd  Seal ;  le  Sire  de 
Gray,  Chamberlain  du  Roy,  le  Sire  de  VVylughby ;  Mods. 
Thomas  de  Erpyngham,  Seneschal  del  houstell  du  Roy ; 
I'Abbe  de  Leycestro,  Confessor  du  Roy ;  Mons.  Roger 
Leche,  Contreroullour  al  houstell  du  Roy;  Johan  de 
Norbury ;  and  Johan  Curson,  Conseillers  du  Roy." 

Hebmentbvse. 

Sherboukne  Missal  (4***  S.  iii.  482.)  — The 
Sherbourne  JMissal  was  bought  at  the  sale  of  Mi. 
Mills*  library  by  Hugh,  second  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland, for  215/.,  as  shown  by  a  priced  catalogue. 
It  still  remains  in  the  library  of  Alnwick  Castle, 
and  is  probably,  quite  apart  from  its  great  litiu^ 
gical  value,  the  most  gorgeous  example  of  English 
mediaeval  art  which  is  extant  in  this  country. 

D.H. 

A  Cancellarian  Quotation  (4''»  S.  iii.  425.) 

"The  Duke  of  Buckingham  concluded  his  speech  as 
follows : — *  The  noble  and  learned  Lord  on  the  woolsack 
(Lord  Brougham)  and  his  colleagues  think  they  have 
buried  the  noble  Earl  (Grey)  in  his  political  8epulohr& 
and  that  he  will  no  more  disturb  them,  but  they  will  find 
themselves  mistaken.  The  spirit  of  the  noble  Earl  will 
burst  its  cerements,  and  will  haunt  them  in  their  festivi- 
ties, and  disturb  the  noble  and  learned  Lord  on  the  wool- 
sack in  the  midst  of  his  "  potations  pottle  deep."  *  Lord 
Brougham  said,  *  Stop  a  minute  !  As  to  the  concluding 
observations  of  the  noble  Duke,  all  I  shall  say  is,  that  I 
do  not  frequent  the  same  cabaret  or  alehouse  as  he  does. 
At  all  events,  I  do  not  recollect  having  met  the  noble  Mar- 
quis (Londonderry)  at  the  noble  Diike*s  alehouse  potatiooB. 
My  Lords,  1  have  not  a  slang-dictionary  at  hand.'  Lord 
Brougham  remained  for  some  time  on  his  legs  as  if  de- 
sirous of  proceeding,  but  at  last  resumed  his  seat,  without 
uttering  a  word. — The  Duke  of  Buckingham  :  *  I  m^mt 
the  observation  merely  as  a  ioke.  I  was  only  makiag 
use  of  the  language  of  Shakspearc  in  his  tragedy  of 
HamleV  **— Random  Recollections  of  the  House  of  ZjordM. 
Lond.  1836.    "  Scenes  in  the  House,"  p.  60-64.  ( 

Joseph  Rix,  M.D. 

St.  Neots. 

Milton's  "  Paradise  Lost  "  (4''»  S.  iv.  96^— 
My  impression  of  the  edition  referred  to  (the 
fourth,  1688)  has  an  illustration  to  hook  viiL 
which,  though  without  the  name  of  painter  or 
engraver,  is  evidently  from  the  same  hands  as  the 
other  "  sculptures."  On  the  left  comer  of  the 
page  is  "lih.  viii."  Charles  Wymb. 


4*  8. IV.  August  14/69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


147 


Sib  Thomas  More  (4*'»  S.  iv.  82, 104.)— In  the 
second  edition  of  the  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  More  by 
Dominico  Regi,  Bologna,  1G81,  in  12mo  (and  not 
in  the  first  edition  of  Milano,  1675),  it  is  stated 
that  Sir  Thomas  More  was  descended  from  the 
noble  Venetian  family  of  Moro : — 

*'  II  cbe  tanto  piii  di  baona  voglia  si  h  eseguito  da  me, 
quanto  che  afferraa  Personaggio  d' eminente  grado,  e  di 
rara  eruditione,  haver  certezza  ne*  suoi  copiosi  scritti :  che 
Soggetto  degno  di  Casa  Moro,  gi^  per  suoi  affiiri  da  Ve- 
netia  solib  ^  Londra,  e  presavi  Consorte,  ivi  propagb  la 
sua  nobil  faniiglia;  quindi  in  Venetia  si  hk  il  nostro 
Moro  per  origine  suo  Patritio,  e  Nepote  del  Duce  Christo- 

fcro  More e  forsi  di  quk  nacque,  che  nell'  Inghil- 

tora  non  si  reputb  moUo  antica  la  famiglia  Moro." 

Robert  S.  Turner. 
1,  Park  Square. 

The  fact  adduced  by  Mr.  Wm.  A.  Wright  as 
bring^g  into  further  connexion  the  name  of  More 
and  Qraunger  also  tends  to  identify  the  John  More 
-wlio  is  named  in  the  MS.  in  the  Gale  Collection 
as  marrying  Agnes  Graunger  in  1474,  with  John 
More  the  judge,  as  he  was  one  of  the  Serjeants 
called  in  1503,  and  was  of  Lincoln's  Inn. 

Edward  Foss. 

Heraldic  (4^*"  S.  iv.  75.) — In  reference  to  the 
inquiry  of  W.  W.  S.,  I  think  it  most  probable 
that  the  arms,  Gu.  a  chevron  engrailed  oetween 
8  leopards'  faces  or,  are  those  of  Coplestone ;  if 
rotes,   thej'  are  the  arms  of  Wadham,  allowing 
the  variation  of  the  chevron  not  being  engrailed. 
Being  2i.  full-faced  portrait,  it  can  hardly  represent 
Cardinal  Wolsey,  who  is  (as  I  have  very  recently 
lead)  always  painted  in  profile,  having  lost  one 
eye  early  in  lite ;  nor  are  the  arms  those  of  the 
Vardinal.    The  red  robe  may  be  an  academical 
haUty  easily  explained   bj^  those  who  are   con- 
yeisant  with  the  university  habits  of  doctors  in 
the  three  faculties ;  and  I  can  easily  suppose  that 
a  careful  examination  of  the  pedigree  of  Cople- 
stone, an  ancient  and  distinguished  family,  may 
famish  a  solution  of  the  question  asked,  and  the 
name  of  the  coat,  argent,  two  bars  between  three 
bulls  (?),  which,  though  I  am  unable  to  discover 
it,  may  be  found  to  be  that  of  some  heiress  with 
"whom  Coplestone  intermarried.  E.  W. 

Proverb  (4*^  S.  iii.  520.) — This  proverb  in 
another  form  was  mentioned  to  me  by  a  Berk- 
fihire  farmer.  He  was  speaking  to  an  eccentric 
old  man  who  was  mending  the  road,  when  the 
old  fellow  said ;  "  I  no  more  wants  that  than  a 
^oad  wants  side  pockets.''^  "  What  do  you  mean  ?  " 
was  the  reply.  *^  Why,  a  toad  don't  want  side 
pockets,  do  he  ?    Nor  do  I  want  what  you  says." 

Upthorpe, 

Our  End  linked  to  our  Beginning  (4'**  S. 
IV.  60.) — Bunyan,  in  Pilgrim's  Prof/ressj  part  II., 
pves  as  a  quotation  an  additional  illustration  to 
thoee  furnished  by  Mr.  M'Grath.     I  am  not 


aware  that  any  commentator  on  7%«  Pilgrim's 

Progress  has  furnished  the  name  of  "  the  one  who 

saith  "  pretty  much  the  proverb  which  has  given 

rise  to  the  papers  in  *'  N.  &  Q." : — 

"Our  tears  to  joy,  our  fears  to  faith, 
Are  turned  as  we  see ; 


And  our  beginning  (as  one  saith^ 
Shews  what  our  end  will  beJ** 


E.  w. 


LiTSHEB :  Etymology  op  the  Name  (4"»  S.  iv. 
32.) — There  can  be  little  doubt  that  this  is  one- 
of  the  many  names  derived  from  a  former  calling 
or  occupation,  that  of  an  ''usher,"  "^wwsier,"  or 
door-keeper.  As  some  proof  of  this,  in  page  134 
of  the  Juiber  Custumarum  (printed  ed.),  a  person 
is  named  as  "  Galfridus  Lussher,"  while  on  the 
next  page  he  is  called  "Galfridus  Le  Ussher," 
"  Geoffrey  the  Usher."    Henry  Thomas  Riley. 

Explanations  wanted  (4***  S.  iv.  96.) — In  the- 
Boll  of  Disbursements,  Whitby  Abbey,  1394-5, 
as  given  in  Young's  History  of  Whitby^  I  find  the 
following  entry :  — 


»»• 


*'  Itm.  p.  ij  panels  et  i  hawse  ad  cellas  nras.  iij«.  vief.' 

The  panels  were  of  wood  and  used  in  making 
saddles  (cellas),  as  appears  from  another  series  of 
entries  in  the  same  roll ;  and  probably  the  word 
howse  (=  housing)  explains  the  word  heuses,  in- 
quired about  by  Hermenteude. 

J.  C.  Atkinson. 

A  fabric  roll  of  Rochester  Castle  is  given 
in  Archsologia  Cantianaj  vol.  ii.,  in  which  the 
word  assheler  freq^uently  occurs.  It  is  intended 
for  ashlar,  which  is  a  general  term  for  all  kinds 
of  worked  stone.  The  roll  mentioned  relates  to 
the  repairs  of  Rochester  Castle  in  the  time  of 
Edward  III.  George  Bedo, 

6,  Pulross  Koad,  Brixton. 

Miss  Ray  (4»'»  S.  iii.  489,  514.)  — The  burial- 
place  of  this  unfortunate  woman  is  distinctly 
stated  in  the  following  extract :  — 

"  On  the  14  April  (1779)  the  remains  of  Miss  Ray  were 
interred  near  those  of  her  mother  in  the  parish  church  oS 
Elstrce  in  Hertfordshire,  in  a  vault  in  the  chancel  which 
had  been  prepared  for  their  reception.  For  some  years 
she  had  maintained  her  parents  in  this  village;  her 
father  being  still  living  at  the  period  of  her  death,  and 
her  mother  having  died  about  three  years  previously." — 
Genrqe  Seiwyn  and  his  Contemporaries^  by  J.  H.  Jesse,, 
iv.  G4. 

Charles  Wylib. 

Sir  Philip  de  la  Vache  (4''»  S.  iv.  97.)  — 
Some  particulars  of  this  knight,  who  died  in 
1407 — of  interest  to  C.  J.  R. — will  be  found  in 
Lipscomb's  History  of  Bucks,  i.  15,  &c. 

It  is  probable  that  the  knight's  family  was  so 
denominated  from  "  The  Vache,"  the  original  seat 
in  the  parish  of  Chalfont  St.  Giles,  where  his 
ancestor  resided  in  the  time  of  Edward  III. 

H.  M.  Vane. 

74,  Eaton  Place,  S.W. 


148  NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.         [tO'S.iv.Aoaoetu.'es. 

HsKRiNes  (4*  S.  iy.  98.) — Order  to  pay  for  the 
Duke's  purvejance  of  peuon  tale  d  narana,  at 
Blakenbj  and  Yemfcmouth,  up  to  8W.  out  of  the 
sllowEnce  of  the  Diichesa,  whicL.  is  to  be  tepaid  I 
to  her.  KotfaewelL  Sept  28,  anno  6  [1382].  The  | 
purveyance  ia  to  be  sent  to  ■•'our  own  town  of  , 
Snayth."  (Begitler  of  John  of  Gaunt,  ii.  fol.  63.) 
HBRlUNrKDDE. 


LxQAL  Fiction  (3'*S.  i.  346.)  — May  I  ask 
what  authority  Me.  T.  J.  Bncsroif  has  for  hia 
statement  that  "  acts  done  at  sea  are  Tepresented 
aa  done  an  the  Royal  Exchau^  at  London  "  P 

CraiL. 

"  Snro  Old  Robb  and  busk  toe  Bkllowb  " 
(2^  S.  ii.  264.)  — In  a  MS.,  (emp.  Charles  II. 
(HarL  6395),  mention  ia  made  (No.  179)  of  "  Rose 
the  old  viole-maker."  Feriiapa  he  waa  Izaak's 
miasing  hero.  CnuL. 

Lawbencb  (4""  9.  iv.  31.) — There  was  a  George 
Lawrence  in  or  near  LlanTrechva  between  1688 
and  1779,  who  was  buried  in  Llantamam  church, 
sod  his  descendants  can  be  traced.        Olwebio. 


iaiialbauawt. 

NOTES  OS  BOOE3,  FTC. 

Calendar  of  Slate  Papat,  Foreign  Stria,  of  the  lUign  of 

Elkabtth.  1663,  praemed  in  tite  Slate  Paper  Ugiart- 

menl  nf  fler  Migiitg'i  P^lic  Reaird  Ogiee.    Edited 

bg  Joeepb  SMtbhsoq,  M.A.     (LongmanB.) 

Calendar  of  Ike   Carem  Matmeripti 


Calendar  of  Stale  Papen,  Sonuitic  Seriri,  of  llit  Beign 
of  ChaHa  I.  1637-8,  prMtrrerf  m  Her  Majatif,  Public 
Secord  Office.  Edited  by  John  Brace,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
(LoDgmanB.) 

The  teal  aud  indDstry  of  the  band  of  scliolaiB,  who 
onder  the  direction  of  the  Master  of  the  RoUa,  are  calm- 
daring  for  the  use  of  fnlare  UstorianB.  biographere,  topo- 
graphers, and  literaiy  iaqnirers  of  ell  i^lassee,  the  maau- 
«cript  treasures  vhich  are  la  hia  Lordship's  custody  is  so 


>8  which 
it  nnr  panting  pea  toils  after   . 
re  Deeewsrily  compelled  merely  to  chronicle  the 

Spearance  of  the  soceeMive  volumes  instead  of  treating 
Bm  to  the  long  and  elaborate  notices  which  their  im- 
portance would  jaaljfy. 

Thus  we  iind  at  this  minute  no  less  than  three Calendan 

The  flrst,  the  new  volume  of  Mr.  Stnibenson's  Calndar 
of  f'orri^  Papert,  is  chiefly  occupied  with  the  eccoont 
of  our  intereouise  with  Fraace,  where  Throckmorton 
was  anxioualv  walching  the  progress  of  BTenta.  His 
account  of  the  battlo  of  Dreni  and  of  his  interview  with 
the  Duke  of  Guiac,  will  be  read  with  great  interest.  The 
Cahadar  of  Ike  Oartw  MSS.  (from  1589  to  1600)  fur- 
niahes  striking  evidence  of  the  growing  proaperity  of  the 
En);li!di  pale  under  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  While  Mr. 
Bruoc'a  Calendar  nf  Dometic  Papiri  <IC37-8)  ftiriy 
launcties  ua.  as  he  well  observes,  into  that  period  of  the 
reign  of  Chorlee  I.  to  whicb  may  be  applied  a  phrase 
lately  grovn  into  oonunon  nn  —  the  begioniug  of  the 


El  Hecko  de  loa  Tradadot  del  Matrimoiiio  pretnuiido  per 
ei  Primnne  de  Gallei  am  la  Seretuiilma  Infintta  ik 
Etpanti  Maria,  tornado  dade  na  Prinapiot  para  sidior 
Uenatlracion  de  la  Verdad,  y  mvttado  COH  lot  Paptle* 
originalet  ditde  comta,  par  e/ Maestro  F.  Francisco  de 
Jesus,  Predicador  del  Rey  nneatro  Seoor.  JVomrtwe 
of  the  Spamth  Marriage  Treatg.  Edited  and  Iratu- 
bdtd  by  Samuel  Rawsoa  Gardiner,  (Printed  for  tlw 
Camdea  Society.) 

Some  years  since,  when  punnlag  those  researches  to 
which  we  owe  the  two  books.  The  Siitorg  of  Eagtaitd 
from  tie  Accetiim  of  Jama  /.  to  the  Ditgrace  of  (Xrf 
J<alice  ate.  and  Pniux  Oiarla  arid  Ike  SpaaiA  Xar- 
riage,  with  which  Mr.  Gardiner  lias  enriched  EatflUt 
historical  literiture,  he  discovered  in  the  Library  u  Um 
British  Museum  the  MS.  from  which  this  hook  ia  printed. 
Though  unable  at  that  time  to  form  any  opinion  at  to 
the  accuracy  of  the  facts  alleged  in  1(,  Mr.  Gardiner  was 
struck  with  its  value  as  a  fuU  statement  of  the  Spanllfa 
case  against  James  and  his  son.  Subsequent  rtnrs  rrlwi 
at  Simaacas  aad  elsewhere  having  convinced  him  that 
tbeaartative  was  not  only  valuable  as  an  ■ignmant&em 
the  side  from  which  ao  argument  had  hitherto  reaobed 
ua,  but  was  a  thorongbly  truatworthy  representation  of 
the  facts  as  they  would  naturally  appear  to  a  SMUdA 
Catholic,  he  auggeeted  it  as  a  fittmg  pubhcation  fat  the 
Camden  Society.  The  council  readily  accepted  Mr.  Gar- 
diner's oSbr  to  edit  aud  Craaslate  IL  This  he  has  dene 
with  great  care,  adding  aome  few  illustrative  doci 
in  the  Appendix;  and  the  volume  will  be  fiinad 
great  interest  for  the  light  it  throws  upon 
incident  in  our  history. 


AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

V ANTED   TO   FimCSASB. 

.  ..  ...X,  ic.  or  the  SiUawInc  Biuki.  Id  be  mt  ilhwlli 

■n  bT  wham  ih»r  no  tmulwii.  whaw  inmee  and  aMniiia 


4*  8.  IV.  August  21, '69.]  NOTES  AND  QUEBIES.  149 


LONDON,  SATURDAT,  AUOUBT  SI,  1869.  TTiigSng  y  BuDfly  4  M  IhMB  is  Sp«i^  behriae  7*  walls 

4  y«  HangingSi  &  y  Sats  are  vwy  so  vtty  plonij  tbsj 

CONTENTS^N*  86.  wiUmostLMwEater  Hangins  at  rfint  patting  iip; 

a  I  find  all  y*  Bards  jousd  abooght  tkis  house  are  frini 


_     Ropes 

Ship,  ISS  —  Old  Cleveland  Words.  IM  ~  Smoke,  156  —  glad  to  know  if  yr  Loidship  nroves'of  this  way.    I  am 

Heniy  Onbh  Bobinaon  —  Gold-floding  in  a  Country  very  Loth  toTronUe  y  Lordship  with  what  I  Sopose 

S2™feir*ir^S.^!J°'  ?*'??'**?.T^^r°S°!?'*"ii?r?  camo*^  ^  BecslU,  yet  I  think  £  lay  Dnityto  SayT* 

Cteiterfield-  Caution  to  Novelists  -  A  Curious  Medal,  i^^^^,^  hiSnotSj  Jastes  Done  yon^  y  i^^t^Lit 

QUBRnWt-Inscriptions   at  Baalbek--La  Bible  dans  t^^^!^?tJi^jS^U^W^  ^^ 

llnde:  ViedeJeiwnsChri8tna"-Byroniana:  "Sequel  to  many  youstaft  WoilhlSBSthmgs  haar  be,  bat hearis  a 

Don  Juan  "—  Candidate  Jobs  —  A  Card  Query  —  '^Ohar-  ould  painted  oyle  COoth  wAh  very  great  hols  in  it:  y« 

qaaBiUa":"GhowderParty''  — Chateau  Coulard  — Lieut.-  maid  in  y«  Honse  says  it  never  was  yooad  in  y*  Late 

Colonel   Oollyer  -  Ancient  Court   Bolls  —  *'  De  Oomitiis  Bishops  time,  but  Cramd  into  a  Littel  Oossei ;  it  is  of  no 

^k^:  La  Trappe-  Medal  with  Hiad  of  Oromwidl-  \  ^^^  plain  ShdFflS  m  a  Closet  by  yr  Lordshins  Bed- 

Kamss  and  Titles  wanted  -  Political  Prisoners  in  Poland  chamber  maid  of  y*  Bords,  tunber  Cut  Down  hear;  I 

—  Gunner  of  Tilbury  Fort  — Watling  Street  in  Kent—  behve  a  man  wold  put  them  np  in  two  Day%  thay  are 
Genealngiiml  Queries  —  Pamily  History,  156.  vaiUed  at  8/.  10s.  OdL— >in  Shont  it  is  all  of  apeeoe,  ▼•  Best 

QumBSWiTHAvawxaa:  — St  John's  Da^  and  St.  SwitUn  ^  only  foniitnre  fit  for  y  Lordship  is  y«  Mahogony 

—  Faaatidsm  and  Treason  — Bushel— Sir  Franoii  Bnke  Tables  &  DrayrSt  Ic  12  yehr  ordenery  Chian  in  y«  Best 

—  Biding  the  Stang— Law  on  Homicide,  150.  Paller,  but  new  Inr  ye  Last  Bishop,   near  was  not  a  pot  or 

BBPLIBSs- Stonehenge  and  Camao,  160  —  Bobert  Blair,  Saroan  myKitd^  bat  what  was  as  Blade  with  indde  as 

Author  of  "The  Orave^"  164  —  Archbishop  Mathew—  with  oat,  Eait  out  with  Rust  &  Canker.    I  have  Sent 

Blandyck-Sir  PhiUp  le  Vache  — 'mitrfiire  Moonrakers  them  all  to  be  tind,  which  will  be  a  great  Expence,  bat 

AlHea-Bradshaw.theBeglcide-Chmiman's  Hymns  of  ^*^   •  iP^TIST^  ^^^^^^^^^T^^*^*^ 

Homer  —  FHnter-mouse—  Penmen^-  BibUognnldeal  only  wish  ▼'  Locdsbop  Goald  Seem  them  when  I  Bid, 

Queries— Sir  William  Boger,  Knight,  Privy  Goondlkrto  thay  are  all  aixd  k  Gfoand  as  weB  aa  they  Can  be,  bat 

James  IIL—  Whipping  the  Cat,  164b  tha^  will  only  be  oold  Bags :  this  is  atise  a  Ooont, 

Notes  on  Books,  Ac.  which  I  have  bedn  very  oneasej  abooght  iHieather  I 

-===============================3=============^^  should  Let  y'  Lordship  know  tiU  yoa  Cni%  hot  ftaid  I 

4kmi^s>  might  be  Biamd  if  I  did  not  Pardon  me  Sir  if  I  haive 

^^^^*  Done  Bong.     y«  ChimlyB  have  not  beeia  Sweept  fur 

CORRESPONDENCE    BETWEEN    LYTTELTON,  SewaU  years  past  tinnwy^iMMaB^ 

BISHOP  OF  LONDON.  vrill  bye  no  mow  then  is  at  pieseat  needfolL    yBaooa 

We  are  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  LoBDLTnm-  ^  J»  »>t  Barnt  bat  Scalded  as  m  Devon  &  6»nwd]2 

Ic  not  Better.   I  am  afraid  what  I  Sent  finom  Exeter  will 

dap  close, as 

which  arose  on  the  translation  of  Dr.Bichard  mitte^cC  S^,  to  wish V'  Lordddp  healthlb  Sibciibe  my 

Oshaldeston^  who  had  been  consecrated  Bishop  of  Self  y  Most  Datifhll  iaithfiiU  obedint  HnmUe  Servant, 

Carlisle  on  Oct.  4, 1747,  to  the  see  of  Landcm.  ^^  J-  Tinn«B. 

I>r.  Lyttelton,  the  Dean  of  Exeter^  being  there-       jim?m  i762 

npon  appointed  to  the  see  of  Carlisle  (he  was        m»  Nickonal  4  her  neeee  CaUdhearto  Inaoiar  after 

consecrated  at  WhitehaU  on  March  21,1762).  nata-  ^  Lorfship's  health,  t  Invited  me  to  Come  to  See  dum. 

rally  called  upon  his  predecessor  to  pay  for  the  W  Mother  is  alive  bat  weeci,  &  has  Lost  her  memory  a 

dilapidations  at  Rose  Castle,  the  ejnscopal  resi-  goodDeail. 

dence.    This  did  not  please  Dr.  Osbaldeston ;  and        Pardon  my  Bad  Bitmg,  I  Cannot  get  a  Pen  to  Bite. 

tibe  controversy  on  the  subject  of  repairs,  sour  — - 

claret,  and  port  wine  that  had  to  be  strained  Copy  of  my  Letter  toy*  Bp  of  London, 

before  it  could  be  used,  make  up  a  very  pretty  „  j^  ,  ^^  ^•^^  ^^  12*,  1762. 

quaneL  H^r  Denton  having  deUvered  the  Ke^  of  the  Cellar 

Honrd  Sir,  to  my  Botler  on  onr  Arrival  here,  contaming  the  Wine 

I  Cannot  help  troubling  y'  Lordship,  as  I  think  it  I  bought  of  yoor  Lordship,  on  comparing  them  with  tiie 

my  Dnlty  to  Let  you  know  how  things  are  hear,  &  I  List  yon  gave  me,  a  greater  quantity  appearB  to  have 

know  not  how  to  proseed  to  get  this  house  in  any  order  been  diaiged,  &  paid  for  by  me,  than  the  Cellar  contains, 

for  y'  Lordships  Coming,    hear  is  a  great  deail  wanto  to  the  particulars  of  which  are  steted  in  the  enclosed  Paper, 

be  Done,  Severall  windows  being  very  Bad,  Ready  to  fiill,  and  some  of  the  Wines  also  that  I  naid  for  as  sonnd  & 

Severall  Dores  not  fit  to  Stand,  Espeachily  in  y«  Brew-  good,  prove  as  soar  as  yenuice.    M'  Denton  attended 

house,  where  y«  Dems  &  Dorc  are  Just  Downe,  y«  flowrs  mpr  Butler  when  he  counted  the  Bottles,  dk  tasted  the 

Extraimly  bad,  in  Same  of  y*  Rums  Laige  hols  &  Sunk  Liquors,  so,  if  yoor  Lordship  lias  any  doubt  of  the  truth 

Just  Ready  to  Brack  through.    I  wold  be  glad  to  know  of  these  fiusts,  Denton  can  fcd^  verify  them.    When  I 

if  thay  are  to  Continue  as  thay  be  till  y'  Lordship  Corns,  talked  last  with  your  Lordship  about  the  Dilapidations, 

or  if  thay  are  to  be  mended.    I  have  Considred  abonght  you  desired  me  when  I  got  to  Rose  to  have  all  Bepara- 


TON  fprthe  opportunity  of  publirfungthefoDcmfflg  ^'^^^yi^::^^^^ 
amuang  specimens  of  episcopal  correspondence  weUas  y*  Sweeteoeats,  hot  it  ni>«S4  b^  ji 
which  arose  on  the  translation  of  Dr.  Bichard    mitte  me.  Sir.  to  wish  v'  Lordshin  hulth  &  ( 


150 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES.         [4ti1S.1v.  august  21, -69. 


tions  made  that  I  found  necessary  both  within  &  withont 
•doors ;  bat  knowing  my  own  Ignorance  in  these  matters, 
dk  consequentiy  fearing  that  I  might  injure  your  Lord- 
ship or  my  Self  had  1  trusted  solely  to  my  own  Judge- 
ment, in  this  affair,  I  therefore  ordered  Ben.  Railton  to 
view  the  Premisses  and  make  an  Estimate  (Railton  being 
as  I  am  told  an  intelligent  honest  man,  &  one  whom  you 
nsed  to  employ  your  Self  on  many  occasions).  This 
Estimate  had  been  finished  &  transmitted  to  your  Lord- 
ship before  this  time,  if  the  Plummer  could  haye  been 
procured  who  is  to  examine  the  Lead  in  &  u|>on  the 
'Castle,  but  we  haye  been  forced  to  wait  some  time  for 
him,  &  probably  must  do  so  some  days  longer. 

I  am  glad  to  hear  from  D'  Parker  that  your  Lordship 
has  found  so  much  benefit  by  your  Journey  to  Huttou 
Bushel,  &  remain,         My  Lord, 

Your  Aff.  Brother 
&  humble  Seryant, 

C.  Carlislb. 

I  should  haye  been  obliged  to  your  L<i^p  to  haye  told 
me  that  you  would  not  leaye  your  Chaplain's  old  Sur- 
plice in  the  Chapel  here,  that  a  new  one  might  haye  been 
proyided  ag*  my  coming.  My  Chaplain  has  been  forced 
to  read  Prayers  without  one  eyer  since  I  came,  &  this  in 
the  sight  of  half  the  County  who  haye  been  to  yisit  me. 


My  Lord, 

I  am  concerned  that  the  wine  in  the  Cellar  your 
Lordship  purchased  shou'd  not  contain  the  number  of 
bottles  sold,  and  that  part  of  it  shou'd  be  turned  sour ; 
as  these  misfortunes  haye  happened,  I  shal  be  yery  ready 
to  allow  you  the  money  you  demand  on  that  account  to 
be  paid  you  by  Denton ;  I  desire  the  bottles  and  sour 
wine  described  may  be  returned  to  him,  and  given  to 
friends  of  mine,  who,  I  doubt  not,  will  haye  a  grateful 
lemembiance  of  me  eyen  for  yinegar. 

After  seriously  attending  to  ^e  real  Interest  of  the 
Bishoprick  of  Carlisle  for  many  years  during  my  Incum- 
bency, for  the  sake  of  myself  and  successors,  and  disburs- 
ing 1000^  (if  I  say  double  that  sum,  I  belieye  I  do  not 
err)  for  improyements  in  the  house  at  Rose  Castle  and 
elsewhere,  I  did  not  expect  to  be  called  upon,  in  the  rude 
manner  I  was,  for  Dilapidations,  nor  to  haye  the  like  de- 
mand renewed  by  your  Lordship's  letter  of  the  12^  instant, 
after  I  had  told  yon  I  should  be  ready  to  comply  with 
any  thing  reasonable  for  that  purpose :  a  generous  mind 
that  sees  and  considers  the  House,  offices,  and  revenues 
of  that  Bishoprick  in  it*s  present  state,  and  is  informed  of 
the  condition  these  were  in  when  I  entered  upon  it,  I 
think  can  have  no  pretence  to  proceed  against  me  in  the 
manner  intimated  oy  you ;  By  your  eyes  you  see  the 
condition  of  the  House,  &c.,  and  if  your  fhend  beliind 
the  Curtain  will  not,  I  appeal  to  the  stones  and  repairs 
in  every  office,  and  to  the  beams  and  wainscot  in  such 
rooms  as  I  beautified,  to  do  me  Justice.  Look  but  at  the 
gate  of  your  Castle,  or  out  of  it,  and  almost  every  thing 
you  view  will  in  some  measure  bear  testimony  to  the 
truth  of  what  I  assert. 

There  was  a  security  given  to  me  for  the  price  of  wood 
sold,  to  be  laid  out  in  buildings  for  improving  that  part 
of  the  Demesn  called  Lingy  Park,  and  contracts  made  with 
artificers  for  erecting  such  buildings.  Denton  negotiated 
that  affair;  and  when  you  think  proper,  I  shal  with 
pleasure  transmit  it  to  nim,  that  he  may  receive  the 
money  and  pay  the  workmen,  for  I  always  proposed  to 
disburse  the  sum  received,  and  neither  to  gain  nor  lose 
by  these  bargains. 

I  am,  my  Lord, 

Your  Lordship's  affectionate 
brother  and  humble  servant, 

Hatton  Bushel,  Ric.  Londok. 

Aug*  18<h,  1762. 


After  this  long  letter  I  shon*d  not  have  added  any 
thin^  further,  had  not  your  Postscript  called  upon  me  to 
vindicate  mvself  from  the  reproach  of  not  leaving  the 
Surplices  I  had  at  York :  in  answer  to  this,  I  tdl  you  I 
found  none  at  Rose,  nor  indeed  Books,  Cushions,  or  other 
Furniture  proper  for  the  Chapel,  which,  with  part  of  the 
Communion  Plate  I  left  there,  was  not  of  less  expence  to 
me  than  the  sum  of  100/.,  and  this  I  judge  the  County  of 
Cumberland  knows,  and  is  visible  to  that  half  of  it  that 
has  visited  you.  

Copy  of  my  2<»  Letter  to  jr*  Bp  of  London. 

Rose  Castle,  Sep*'  6%  1762. 
My  Lord, 

I  have  recieved  your  Letter  &  y  Money  from  M' 
Denton  on  the  Cellar  Account,  to  whom  my  Butler  is 
ready  to  deliver  the  Ten  Bottles  of  sour  wine  for  a  Pre- 
sent  to  your  Cumberland  Friends  agreable  to  your  Lord- 
ship's express  Directions.  As  I  tiute  it  for  granted  yoa 
would  not  compliment  your  Friends  with  such  Liquor,  if 
you  credit  y  account  Tgave  you  of  it ;  consequently  by 
ordering  it  to  be  disposed  of  in  this  manner,  your  LordshF 
undoubtedly  believes  &  means  to  insinuate  that  I  mis- 
represented y*  condition  of  your  Claret  in  order  to  throw 
it  back  on  your  hands,  which  carries  in  it  so  mean  a  aoft- 

ficion  as  raises  my  Contempt  more  than  my  Anger.  Ab 
bought  y«  wines'of  you  at  y  price  set  bpr  your  own  Ap- 
F raiser,  and  that  merely  for  your  convenience,  (the  atoek 
sent  from  Exeter  being  much  larger  than  I  can  use  in 
some  years)  I  could  not  think  m3'self  under  any  Obli- 
gation to  let  your  Lordship  pocket  y*  money  I  luid  paid 
you  for  good  wine  &  which  proved  stark  naught,  nomOn 
than  for  wine  reckon'd  to  me  which  did  not  exist.  I  had 
cause  enough  to  complain  of  your  other  wines,  y  Port 
being  so  foul  that  every  Bottle  must  be  filtered  befbra  it 
can  be  drunk,  and  this  circumstance  your  own  Boiler 
acquainted  mine  with  before  we  left  llondon,  wherefim 
your  Lordship  could  hardly  be  a  stranger  to  it ;  but  as  I 
could  make  tolerable  shift  with  it,  I  said  nothing  in  my 
Letter  to  your  Lord^ip  about  it,  tho'  8h<^  have  been  veiy 
glad  to  have  retum'd  that  &  all  y  rest  of  your  wines,  ibr 
less  money  than  I  paid  for  them. 

Your  LordsP  is  pleased  to  tell  me,  "  that  after  attend- 
ing to  the  real  Interest  of  the  Bishoprick  of  Carlisle  for 
many  years  for  y«  sake  of  yourself  &  successors,  &  dit- 
bursing  1000/.  (and  perhaps  double  that  Sum)  in  Improve- 
ments in  y  House  at  Rose  Castle  &  elsewhere,  yon  did 
not  expect  to  be  call*d  upon  in  the  rude  manner  yoa  waa. 
for  Dilapidations,  nor  to  have  the  like  Demand  renew^ 
by  my  Letter  of  y*  12*»»  inst  after  having  told  me  yxn 
should  be  ready  to  comply  with  anything  reasonable  for 
that  purpose." 

As  this  contains  a  pretty  strong  Charge  of  Rudeness  4 
Incivility  in  me  towards  your  Lordship,  in  my  Applid^ 
tion  for  Dilapidations,  Let  us  see  how  justly*  it  can  be 
deduced  from  y«  words  of  my  Letter  on  which  it  is  prin- 
cipally grounded.  The  words  are  these  (viz.)  "  When  I 
last  talked  with  your  LordshP  about  y  Dilapidations,  yoa 
desired  me,  when  I  got  to  Rose,  to  have  all  Reparatums 
made  that  I  found  necessary  both  within  &  without 
doors;  but  knowing  my  own  Ignorance  in  these  matters, 
&  conseauently  fearing  that  I  might  injure  your  Lordah' 
or  myself  had  I  trusted  solely  to  my  own  Judgment  in 
this  Affair,  I  therefore  ordered  Ben.  Railton  to  view  y 
Premises  &  make  an  Estimate  (Railton  being,  aa  I  am 
told,  an  intelligent  honnest  man  &  one  whom  yoa 
used  to  employ  yourself  on  many  occasions).  Thisllfltt-' 
mate  had  oeen  finished  A  transmitted  to  your  Lordahr 
before  this  time  if  y*  Plummer  could  have  been  procured* 
who  is  to  survey  y  Lead  in  &  upon  y  Ca^e ;  but  we 
have  been  forced  to  wait  some  time  for  him,  Si  probablj 
must  do  sometime  longer.**,* 


4» a  IV.  Acousr  21,-69.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


151 


Now  as  this  is  every  Word  in  my  Letter  that  relates 
to  J*  point  in  question,  your  Lordship  must  have  a  strange 
Propensity  to  take  offence  where  none  is  offer'd,  or  be 
rexy  sharp  sighted  indeed  to  point  oat  a  single  expres- 
sion that  even  borders  on  Rudeness  or  Ill-breediDg ;  But 
'tis  y*  application  itself  &  not  y«  mode  of  making  it,  w«** 
your  Lordship  really  means  by  a  Rude  Attack  upon 
yon.  That  this  is  not  a  chimerical  but  a  well  grounded 
opinion,  I  am  convinced  by  3''our  having  brought  y®  like 
charge  against  my  Secretary  in  London,  M'  Pearson,  of 
having  treated  you  rudely  when  he  deliver'd  my  message 
to  your  Lordship  concerning  y*  Dilapidations  :  for  on  my 
mentioning  it  to  him  in  consequence  of  your  Complaint 
to  me  against  him.  He  solemnly  denied  y«  Charge  of  In- 
civility or  Disrespect  towards  your  Lordship,  but  affirm *d 
that  you  express'd  great  Anger  on  his  barely  delivering 
my  message,  y«  purport  of  which  'tis  necessary  for  me 
here  to  refresh  your  memory  with. 

After  I  had  paid  you  400/.  &  upwards  for  y*  Stock  & 
Fnmitore  here  at  Rose,  which,  agreeable  to  y*  usual  way 
of  dealing  on  these  occasions,  permit  me  to  say,  your 
LordshP  ought  to  have  declined  taking  till  y*  Dilapida- 
tion Acooont  was  settled;  Mr.  Pearson  had  my  orders 
to  wait  upon  you  &  acquaint  your  Lordship,  that  I  sh<* 
soon  write  to  Carlisle  &  commission  somebodv  there  to 
take  a  view  of  y«  Episcopal  House,  &c.  in  order  to  esti- 
mate y«  Dilapidations,  but  would  defer  it  tUl  I  knew 
whether  or  not  your  Lordship  would  chuse  to  appoint 
another  on  your  side  to  accompany  mine  in  this  business. 
Civil  as  this  Proposal  was,  you  rejected  it  with  Disdain, 
&  treated  it  as  a  high*  Affront  offer'd  to  you ;  but  surely, 
my  Lord,  it  deserv'd  a  better  Reception,  tho'  you  might 
not  think  fit  to  comply  with  it ;  especially  as  my  be- 
haviour to  your  Lordship  in  this  instance  was  so  veiy 
different,  in  point  of  Civility,  from  yours  to  me  not  long 
I)cfore  on  a  similar  occasion.  I  mean,  when  you  so 
hastily  ordered  all  your  Goods  here  to  be  appraised  with- 
out vouchsafing  to  acquaint  me  with  it,  and  on  y*  Inven- 
tory being  return'd  to  you  prized  lower  than  you  ex- 
pected, your  Lordship  instantly  order'd  everj'  thing  to  be 
:io]d  at  a  publick  survey,  ifow  unkind  &  unpolite  ttds 
was  to  your  Successor,  I  leave  any  candid  man  to  judge ; 
hut  tho'  I  was  not  insensible  to  it,  yet  I  readily  over- 
look't  it  as  y*  effect  of  Passion  &  Disappointment,  •  & 
immediately  offer'd,  in  case  your  Lordship  would  coflter- 
mand  y*  Sale,  to  be  at  y*  Expence  of  sending  a  Man 
from  Durham,  to  meet  another  of  your  own  appointing  to 
make  a  joint  Valuation,  &  take  y®  whole  as  they  sh^ 
Appraize  it.  This  reasonable  Proposal  your  Lordship  at 
last  complied  with,  but  not  without  some  reservations  in 
your  own  Favour. 

The  next  Charge  your  Letter  contains,  is  a  strong  in- 
sinuation of  my  having  made  an  ungratefull  &  ungener- 
ous Return  to  your  Lordship  by  demanding  Dilapidation 
Money  after  yon  had  attended  so  many  years  to  y^  real 
Interest  of  y*  Rislioprick  of  Carlisle  for  y<  sake  of  yourself 
ir  Successors^  8f  disbursing  1000/.  (or  perhaps  2000/.)  i» 
Improvements  at  Rose  §*  elsewhere.  Now  though  I  am 
as  thankfull  fur  any  Improvements  your  Lordship  has 
made  as  Man  can  be,  <b  as  ready  to  make  all  proper  Re- 
turn, yet  when  y«  merit  of  them  is  carried  to  so  extrava- 
gant a  Height,  that  I  am  to  be  precluded  from  all  De- 
mand of  Duapidation  Money,  unless  some  little  Trifle,  in 
consideration  of  y*  great  Cf^bligation  you  are  pleased  to 
insinuate  I  owe  you  on  this  account,  I  have  a  right  to 
renaind  your  Lordship  that  when  y°  250/.  you  recieved 
from  Bp  Flemings  Executors,  &  several  Hundreds  more 
yon  raised  by  y«  Fall  of  Wood  on  y*  Episcopal  Lands 
are  brought  to  account,  a  considerable  Defalcation  must 
be  made  from  y«  Sum  total  of  your  Disbursements  in 
Improvem^ts :  But  after  all  my  Lord,  supposing  you 
bad  expended  during  a  long  course  of  years  one  or  two 


Thousand  pounds  over  k  above  what  you  recieved,  am  I 
to  pay  you  so  expensive  a  Complement  as  to  make  no 
Demand  for  Dilapidations,  though  they  amount  to  two- 
or  three  Hundred  pounds  on  y*  fairest  Calculation,  be- 
cause you  have  been  a  Beneifactor  to  y*  BishoprickV 
Your  Lordship  I  am  sure  has  set  me  a  very  different  Ex- 
ample (and  can  I  follow  a  better)  in  having  demanded 
&  recieved  260/.  from  y*  Executors  of  your  Predecessor 
for  Dilapidations,  &  yet  He  was  a  ^ood  Benefactor  to  this 
See ;  and  at  this  hour  you  are  suing  Bp  Sherlocks  Exe- 
cutor (<&  very  rightly  so)  for  Dilapidations,  notwith- 
standing the  Bishop  expended  above  2000/.  in  Improve- 
ments at  Fulham. 

As  to  y«  Improvements  your  Lordship  made  in  y* 
Revenues  of  the  Bishoprick,  you  had  the  fuU  benefit  of 
them,  k  several  years  Enjoyment  of  your  other  Improve- 
ments in  k  about  Rose  Castle.  Had  you  left  any  Leases 
open  for  the  benefit  of  your  Successor,  that  ^ou  might 
have  availM  yourself  of  before  j^our  Translation  to  Lon- 
don, your  Lordship  might  have  pleaded  an  Exemption 
from  Dilapidations  with  somewhat  a  better  grace.  That 
generous  &  good  Prelate  Bp  Thomas  of  Winchester  left 
a  Lease  worth  five  or  six  Hundred  pounds  for  his  Suc- 
cessor at  Peterborough  ;  which  he  might  have  fill'd  up, 
(&  yet  He  paid  Dilapidations :  the  like  did  M'*  Madox  to 
y*  present  Bishop  of  Worcester,  &  others  that  I  could 
name,  where  y*  deceas'd  Bishops  had  been  great  Benefac- 
tors to  their  respective  Sees,  but  these  Instances  are 
sufficient  to  shew  bow  constant  &  invariable  y«  Practice 
is,  k  consequently  how  unjustly  you  reproach  me  with 
want  of  Gratitude  k  Generosity  on  this  occasion. 

The  Jealousy  &  Suspicion  you  express  with  regard 
to  M<^  Nicholson,  of  his  having  priVately  encouraged  me, 
out  of  Malice  to  your  Lordship,  to  bring  a  Demand  upon 
you  for  Dilapidations,  is  as  ill  founded  as  your  Charge  of 
Rudeness  &  Ingratitude ;  for  I  wrote  to  Denton  a  month 
before  I  came  to  Rose  k  order'd  him  to  employ  Railton 
to  survey  y*  Castle,  &c.;  and  in  no  one  Instance  to  charge 
a  single  Article,  but  where  myself  or  my  Executors 
would  be  liable  in  case  of  my  Removal  or  Death,  for  y*, 
truth  of  this  I  Appeal  to  M'  Denton,  who  has  my  Letter 
k  will  transmit  it  to  your  Lordship,  whenever  you 
chuse  to  call  for  it. 

What  your  Lordship  means  by  styling  M'  Nicholson  in 
your  Letter  my  Friend  behind  y*  Curtain^  I  don't  weU 
understand,  his  Situation  certainly  puts  him  above  any 
Dependance  on  your  L<^i>^p,  &  consequently  indifferent 
whether  yon  are  pleased  or  displeased  with  giving  me  his- 
advice  on  any  point  I  may  think  fit  to  consult  him  upon. 
On  y*  other  hand,  surely  your  Lordship  can't  suppose, 
that  because  yon  have  taken  a  Pique  ag**  him,  I  avoict 
having  any  open  Connection  for  fear  of  giving  you  Of- 
fence, but  am  secretly  directed  by  him.  If  this  is  your 
meaning,  I  must  be*  free  to  tell  your  Lordship,  that  I 
disdain  such  low  and  mean  Conduct,  or  did  my  Interest 
ever  so  much  depend  upon  it,  would  I  adopt  your  Resent- 
ments or  those  of  any  man  living.  Having  indeed  dis- 
cover'd  in  y*  course  of  my  Transactions  with  your  Lord- 
ship, y*  Jealousy  you  entertain'd  of  this  Gentleman,  & 
being  desirous,  if  possible,  of  settling  all  things  amicably 
with  you,  I  would  not  even  request  him  to  take  a  view  of 
y*  Goods  &  Furniture  here  before  I  agreed  with  your 
Lordship  for  them,  though  He  was  v«  only  Person  in  thi5 
Country  I  had  any  reason  to  confide  in,  being  an  entire 
Stranger  to  every  one  else ;  but  what  abundant  Cause  I 
now  &id  to  repent  of  my  Delicacy  towards  you  in  this 
instance,  is  too  late  for  me  to  point  out  to  your  Lordship. 

I  am,  my  Lord, 

Your  Obed«  Humb.  Ser«, 

Cha:  Cabusle. 

P.S.  What  your  Lordship  is  pleos'd  to  call  a  Hqtroach 
from  me  on  your  taking  away  y«  Surplices,  had  you  con- 


NOTES  AND  QUBBIE&  [<»s.lT.Ara»r«i,m 


■idsr*!!  m;  wofdi  with  Cacdoar  and  Temper,  vonld  hare 
appur'd  at  most  a  mild  cooiplainl  for  rvmoviog  tliem 
without  BoqniintiDg  me  with  it  i  aa  1  Datonlly  expocled 
■j)  find  ■  Surplice  araang  v*  rest  trf  y  Chapel  Furaitme, 
' —  * *-  myCiiaplain  ha»  been 


id  ■  Surplice  among  y»  n 

innied  lo  appear  without  ooe  t 
verjr  deooit  Si^t  in  a  Bidiop'i 


wtm 


1  yesteidaj, 


HyLonI, 

I  am  vary  readir,  u  1  have  alwaj^  rigniiiad  to  you, 
to  make  all  t«uao>l>l«  acknowleilgiacota  far  Dilapida- 
tions, if  there  be  any  at  Rose  CaMle.  the  sum  mentioned 
in  tba  fttimala  indoasd  in  j'oor  lait  letter,  Ibo'  aecnungl^ 
dtmaoded,  1  nqipOM^  is  not  ezpscled  to  be  paid,  aa  it 
ii«T«  will  ba  by 

Uy  Lord, 
Tool  most  hombU  Hrvant, 

lljC.  LOHfMlH. 

Palham, 
Sap'  «"■  1762, 

The  Table  doath  and  Napkin  iaqoirad  after  aone  time 
age,  «u  by  mistdie  sent  with  other  Linen  hhher.  it  ia 
now  round,  and  ahal  be  mtored  to  y«a  in  London  thia 
winter,  wbere  all  other  diipatee  may  b«  amiaably  ad- 


Qjpy  of  my  3^  Letter  to  y'  Br  of  London. 

H^ley,  WorcMt'ddn, 

Oct.  9^,  17t>i. 
My  Lord. 

1  hav*  your  Lettci*  of  y  26"'  nit  in  which  yon  tell 
Bu.  "  that  yoD  are  leady  (fl  make  all  reaaonalite  ackoaw- 
ledgmenlB  for  Dilapidations  if  there  ba  any  at  Roaa 
Caitle,  bat  will  never  pay  the  Snm  taeulioa'd  in  y<  Esti- 
mate, tbo'  seemingly  demanded." 

That  my  aendtng  yonr  Lordship  y  mgvml  EiSmab 
was  DO  other  than  a  dvil  manner  M  notifyii^  to  ]r«a 
what  my  Demand  for  Dlla{ddations  amonnts  to,  ia  very 
tcrtain,  and  as  at  y  aaaiB  time  1  inbnn'd  your  LordihF 


tt  y  Appraisers  had  my  positlre  oiderF 
single  Article,  but  where  myself  or  Execi 
charg'd  in  case  of  my  Removal  or  Death,  y 
can  hardly  b  *        "  ■  -        ~ 


-a  would  be 
,  .  .  -      r  I^nl'' 

hardly  snpposc  so  just  &  reasonable  a  Claim  ivill  be 
waived,  because  yonr  Lordship  thinks  fit,  vrithont  voueh- 
Bii£nK  to  point  out  any  one  Article  whieh  is  over  rated 
or  that  ou({ht  not  to  be  inserted,  paremptoiily  to  decdare 
that  you  will  not  pay  y*  sum  demanded. 

If  my  Demand  is  rBOBonattle  A  jost,  yonr  I^mlahip 
most  be  guilty  of  manifest  InJuaticE  in  refualngtooomply 
with  it.  If  it  be  not  so,  ahew  me  in  what  partiealar  in- 
Htancea,  and  I  am  ready  to  f^ve  ap  that  part  of  y  De- 
mand ;  but  aa  much  as  I  hate  Cnntention,  and  endsavonr 
afreable  to  y  ApoeUcs  direction,  to  live  peaceably  with 
■U  Has,  year  Lordar  is  greatly  mistaken  if  yon  imagine 
1  wfll  tamely  nhuit  lo  snSer  a  considerable  Lost  in  my 
Dilapfdatians,  mpadally  after  what  1  have  altready  sas- 
tainad  in  y  pnreliasa  of  vonr  Fomiture,  becaase  it  Is 
jnt  Will  *  Plamnre  that  1  shaU  do  ao. 

My  Lard, 

It  was  my  intention,  for  yonr  ease  and  mine,  t«have 
closed  any  further  comspoodence  with  ron  by  letter,  till 
'        ■      *■         ■■  rain  ditpate  be- 


t  mo  for  

contain  many  artides  that  can  e 
oooonnt,  and  to  signtiy  that  the 


I  repent  as  much  as  yon  can,  that  you  bad  any  part  of 
my  Furniture,  Jcc,  by  which  I  have  snthred  moofa. 

1  sbal  add  nothing  farther,  but  refer  yon  to  thia  and  my 
former  letter,  to  asntrs  yon  that  I  shd  be  ready,  wheo 
in  London,  to  ■ccommodale  all  diff^reoces  with  yon  in  a 
friendly  manner ;  if  thia  does  not  satisfy  yon,  usB  yonr 
will  and  pleasure.     1  aaa, 

My  Lord, 

Tour  most  homble  Mrvant, 
BicLomoR. 
Bath,  Oof  IS*  176!. 

Copy  of  my  fourth  Letter  la  y»  B»  ot  Loudoa. 

Old  Burl.  Street,  Nov  10»,  1761. 
My  Lord, 

I  had  yonr  Letter  of  y  I3<*  alt.  some  time  befbre  I 
left  Hagley.  nhcrein  you  expieas  an  IndinatioQ  that  aS 
natters  in  dispute  between  us  might  sleep  till  wa  met  in 
London,  &  then  the*  miKht  be  amieaUj  a^jnaled. 

Aa  I  was  ^lually  desirous  with  yonr  Laidahm  ba  poMMI 
gentle  rather  than  riolent  meUioiH  I  avoided  tronbUng 
yon  with  any  more  Letlen  on  this  diaagreeaUe  i^eat, 
nor  ah^  do  now,  could  I  have  metyonr  LordahipinTluilt 
Street,  wlierB  I  call'd  yealerdty  m  hopes  of  seeing  ym, 
but  as  yonr  Servant  inform'd  me  that  yon  reside  aUti>* 
gether  at  Fnlham,  1  moat  ao  far  rfsume  y  Correapon** 
enoe  aa  to  bc^  to  know  of  your  Lordship  what  method 
you  propose  taking  in  order  to  settle  y  ditlciencei  \n- 
tween  us  ?  The  only  reasonable  on;  seems  t«  be,  by  r^- 
fening  the  Dilapidation  Estimate  to  two  Friends,  one  to 
be  lumed  by  yonr  Lordship  &  the  other  by  mo. 

It  may  be  of  importance  to  both  of  us.  bnt  will  oer- 
tainly  be  ao  to  yonr  Lordship,  that  y  Dilapidations  bO 
settled  soon,  for  ye  House  suffers  bv  every  Storm  (■ 
whole  window  &  much  Glass  beside  being  blown  ont  at 
y  Framea  before  I  left  Rose),  and  the  Banks  of  y  BlTsr 
(allready  iu  a  minons  condition),  will  redere  mncb  mot* 
damage  by  y  winter  Torrents,  &  j*  Demand  on  thia 
Article  be  proportionahly  increased. 

Your  Irf)rdahip  never  made  any  Answer  to  my  PropoakI 
with  rward  to  y  Monev  lemaining  in  H'  Railton'a  &  y* 
other  Contractors'  ban^a  for  y  last  Fall  of  Wood  ytm 
made  in  A  about  Rose.  I  ahouid  hope  tha,  aa  well  aa  j* 
Dilapidation  Estimate,  may  come  nnder  amicable  ao»- 
Aideration ;  and  y*  ratber.  «  I  hare,  manlAatlj  In  m^ 
own  wrong,  permitt«d  M'  How  J:  C°  to  cut  &  eanr  *m^ 
my  Timber,  in  cjinsiderstion  of  his  having  paid  tobT 
Lordriiip  a  good  Fine  where  none  was  ever  patiil  bWW^ 
w^  he  told  me  himself  he  wonld  not  have  paM,  nnlaai 
Timber  had  been  granted  him  for  building  y  Hotiae  ft>r 
y  Forge  Hen,  Ac. 

As  your  Lordship  apprehends  jron  are  a  SntTferer  by 
my  having  purchased  yonr  Pnmitttre  at  y  appraised 


.o  Fnlham  or  sold  at  a  pnblick 


AN  EBKOK  rs  "FABYAtTS  CHBONICLEa" 

There  is  ft  uneulKT  error  in  the  dktea  of  On 

ragn  of  Edward  III.  in  FabyanU  (3irotticUt,yAaA 


4«»  S.  IV.  August  21, '69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


16S 


The  year  of  our  Lord  is  given  wrongly  during 
nearly  the  whole  of  the  reign,  and  this  may  eadfy 
misl^9Ld  a  reader  who  trusts  to  this  author.  I  am 
referring  to  the  edition  of  1811,  wherein  the 
reader,  by  turning  to  p.  441,  will  find  the  entry, 
'^  Anno  Domini  .  m.ccc.xxx  .  John  Pountnay  — 
Anno  Domini  M.cccxxxi;  Anno  V,''  meaning 
that  the  Jifth  year  of  Edward's  reign  began  in  the 
last-mentioned  date — viz.  1331  (Jan.  26.)  But  on 
the  next  page  we  have  the  following  entry :  '*  Anno 
Domini  M.ccc.xxxi — Anno  Domini  M.cccxxxn; 
Anno  Vll,''  which  is  as  much  as  to  say  that  the 
next  jear  to  the  Jifth  year  was  the  seventh. 
The  sixth  year,  in  fact,  is  simply  lost  sight  of,  and 
the  error  is  continued  down  to  the  very  end  of 
the  reign.  One  consequence  is  that  the  years  are 
wrongly  calculated  down  to  the  end  of  the  rekga ; 
another  is  that  Edward's  reign  is  made  a  year 
longer  than  it  was.  He  died  in  the  fifty-first  year 
of  his  reign,  having  reigned  fifty  years  and  about 
five  months ;  but  at  p.  487  of  Fabyan  we  have 
the  entry,  **  Anno  lii.''  The  regnal  years  and 
mayor's  years  are  difficult  to  arrange,  because  they 
be^an  at  different  times.  Fabyan  begins  the 
leign  by  passing  over  the  mayoralty  of  Cmckwell, 
and  calls  Betayne  the^r^  mayor;  whereas  he 
was  not  elected  till  October,  1327,  when  Edward 
had  reigned  about  nine  months.  This  explains 
the  expression  on  p.  439 — "In  the  ende  of  y* 
fizste  jere  of  this  kyn^e  Edwarde,  &  begynnynffe 
of  this  mayres  yere'  ;  where  "this  mayre"  is 
ihejirst  one,  the  above-named  Betayne.  But,  if 
he  begins  to  reckon  thus,  he  should  have  con- 
tinued it.  By  the  same  reckoning  the  fourth 
mayor  would  be  elected  in  the  end  of  the  fourth 
year  of  the  king;  yet  on  p.  441  we  read — *'In 
this  .iiiL  mayres  yere,  &  enae  of  y*  thyrde  yere  of 
thys  kynge,  where  for  thyrde  we  must  certainly 
rwi  fourth.  In  the  same  way,  the  battle  of  CzeaBy 
is  smd  to  have  taken  place  in  the  twentjf-fir&b  year 
of  Edward's  reign,  but  it  was  fought  during  the 
twentieth  (1346).    And  so  on  throughout 

By  way  of  further  example,  let  me  explain  the 
entry  on  p.  480.  We  there  find  "  Anno  Domini  . 
x.ccc.lxviii.  John  Chychester  —  Anno  Domini. 
K.ooc.lxix  .  Anno  xliiii."  This  refers,  not  to  the 
44th,  but  to  the  43rd  year,  from  Jan.  Id69  to 
Jan.  1370,  towards  the  close  of  which — ^viz.  in 
October  1369,  Chichester  was  elected  as  mayor. 
Hence  the  entr)',  under  this  year,  of  the  deatn  of 
Queen  Philippa  (Aug.  15,  1369).  It  follows  that 
Chichester  was  still  mayor  in  April  1370.  as  is 
proved  also  by  a  notice  of  him  as  mayor  in  that 
very  month  and  year  in  Riley's  Memonals  ofLon- 
don,  p.  344.  Hence  follows  the  complete  solution 
of  the  date  of  Piers  the  Plowman.  When  Luig- 
land  mentions  1370  as  Chichester's  year  he  la 
right  enough.  I  have  said,  at  p.  xxxii.  of  the  pre- 
face to  text  A  of  the  poem,  that  "our  author 
seems  to  be  a  year  wrong."    But  I  am  glad  to 


find  that  the  err<»r  lies,  not  with  Langland,  but 
with  Fabyan ;  and  the  date  ef  the  second  veisioa 
of  the  poem  is  irrefiragably  proved  to  be  later 
than  1870.  Other  indicatioBS  point  to  the  year 
1377  as  the  date  thereof. 

Walibb  W.  Skeai. 
1,  Cintm  Temce,  Ctmbriclge. 


THE  SEYEK  SORTS  OF  GAME;  THE  SEVEN 
TRADES;  AND  THE  SEVEN  ROPES  IN  A  SHIP. 

I  make  a  note  of  a  curious  piece  ci  information 
recently  eiven  to  me  by  an  old  man  ia  my  ramUee. 
He  asked  me  if  I  kn^  how  many  sorts  of  guM 
there  were ;  to  which  I  re^ed  in  the  negatiye. 
Secondly,  if  I  knew  how  many  trades  there  were  $ 
upon  which  I  said,  ''Oh!  no  end  of  them.^' 
Tnirdly,  he  asked  if  I  knew  how  many  ropes  thera 
were  in  a  ship ;  to  which  my  reply  was  the  ooa- 
fident  one  that  there  was  only  one  rope  in  a  ship, 
namely,  the  bucket-rope,  all  other  ropes  (as  lands- 
men would  call  them^  having  distinct  namesi 
such  as  stays,  braces,  halyards,  &c.  In  fact,  the 
last  is  the  question  we  have  been  advised  to  ask 
itinerant  beggars  in  the  garb  of  sailors,  with  the 
view  of  testmg  their  sincerity. 

My  questioner  then  sud:  ''All  wrong!  there 
are  only  seven  sorts  of  ^ame^  only  seven  trades, 
and  seven  ropes  in  a  ship.''  Thereupon  he  gaye 
me  the  following  items :  — 

The  seven  sorts  of  game:  1.  Cock  Bobin;  2. 
Woodcock;  3.  Hare;  4.  Partridge;  5.  Grouse; 
6.  Snipe;  7.  Heron. 

It  is  rather  odd  to  find  our  old  nursery  Iris&d 
Cock  Robin  included,  and,  indeed,  takmg  the 
fint  place  among  game ;  but  it  i^ould  be  xeoaem- 
bersa  that  Cock  Kobin  is  one  of  the  most  pladqr 
and  desperate  fighters  of  the  volatiles,  aiid  oiir 
old  nursery  legend  seen»  to  uphold  the  fact  of  hit 
inyueibility  in  the  ordinary  way  of  bird-fighting 
by  informing  us  that  he  was  killed  by  the  sparaiMr 
with  a  "  bow  and  aixow.''  Another  feman:  VMif 
be  made  as  to  the  exclusion  of  the  other  speeies 
of  birds  now  classed  amon?  game ;  bat  the  «be«e 
standard  seems  to  have  been  established  at  a 
remote  period  before  foreign  importations  of  game 
birds,  their  crossings  (one  result 'being  our  famons 
game-cock),  and  the  regulations  by  Acts  of  Far- 
Uament. 

The  seven  trades :  1.  Sweep ;  2.  Whitesnuih ; 
3.  Cordwainer;  4  Shoemaker;  5.  Mason;  6. 
Cabinetmaker;  7.  Wheelwright 

Here  we  must  make  a  few  observations.  Oofd- 
wainer  is  a  well-known  City  term,  applied  to  tlie 
Company  of  Shoemakers,  obvioasly  derived  from 
the  f'rench  word  of  the  same  significance— ear- 
dtmnier.  Secondly,  the  fourth  txade,  shoemaker, 
is  not  a  repetitioBf  bat  means  a  shoer  of  horses, 
or  what  we  now  call  a  Uadsmith.  Finally,  it  is 
odd  that  we  should  have  in  the  list  eabinetmdfer 


154 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [^t^s-iv.  august  21, '69. 


instead  of  carpenter ;  although,  perhaps,  the  fact 
points  to  the  remoteness  of  me  standard,  since 
the  original  carpenters  could  only  have  heen 
makers  of  cabins,  of  which  the  word  cabinet  is  the 
fVench  diminutive;  but  how  the  French  word 
oorcfonnt^r  should  be  adopted,  and  neither  char- 
pentieTf  nor  menuisiery  nor  Sh&nide^  should  have 
come  into  vogue,  is  somewhat  of  a  puzzle. 

The  seven  ropes  in  a  ship:  1.  Bucket-rope; 
2.  Man-rope;  3.  Buoy-rope;  4.  Foot-rope;  5. 
Swab-rope;  6.  Bilge-rope;  7.  Head-rope. 

I  think  it  unnecessary  to  explain  the  uses  of  all 
these  ropes ;  but  now  that  they  have  been  brought 
to  my  remembrance  after  manj  voyages,  in  which 
I  have  rendered  myself  familiar  with  all  nautical 
knowledge,  it  has  lieen  a  matter  of  surprise  to  me 
that,  witn  everybody  else,  I  have  been  content 
with  the  answer  of  "  only  one  rope  on  board  ship, 
namely,  the  bucket-rope/'  in  testing  a  sailor.* 

A.  S. 

OLD  CLEVELAND  WORDS. 

In  going  over  the  extracts  given  by  Young  in 

his  History  of  Whitby  (pp.  920-928)  from  Com- 

potus  and  Roll  of  Disbursements  connected  with 

the  abbey,  I  find  the  following  entries,  all  more  or 

less  interesting,  and  of  several  of  wliich  I  shall  be 

glad  to  meet  with  illustration  or  explanation  :  — 

Dej /ranAe  vend-apd.  Semar,  xx».  [A  fat  hog|?] 
Deforheug  Qv/orhengj  viij*.    [?] 
De  Northaefare  Dcxxviij  kelings  prec.  xxj"  ix"  vj**. 
t"  Large  codfish."  Hal.] 
De  qaibas  in  horaell,  ccxxviii.     [?] 
De  holfare,  vi"  vj»  xj<*. 
De  aliec.  vend.  iancUierigfaret  7i\vi\}*  y\    [?] 

Northsefare  I  take  to  be  fishing  expeditions  made 
to  the  ocean  or  North  Sea.  HoJfare  is,  I  believe, 
hem-fare,  or  the  deepHsea  fishery,  a  term  still  pre- 
served in  the  name  applied  to  the  long  line  em- 
ployed in  the  said  fishery,  which  is  sounded 
hauver^  and  spelt  haavre  by  Young,  p.  821.  Land' 
herigfare  I  am  unable  to  explmn. 

De  di.  quart  blandkome  vend.  (apd.  Aton),  xiij<i.  [Oar 
Cleveland  hlencom,  or  meslin.  j 

Itm.  p.  ij  reynys,  ij  polys^  et  i  hedstall,  xxiij<i.  [?] 

Itm.  p.  setijng  uni*  eqm  et  cura  alterius,  xxij«*.  [r  fir- 
ing*] 

Itm.  celler.  panis  et  servis.  i  kympe,  li*  vi<i. 

The  word  kympe  or  kymp  occurs  three  or  four 
times,  and  I  thmk  it  is  scarcely  doubtful  that  our 
still  commonly  used  word  kimHn  is  a  direct  deri- 
vative from  it.  Comp.  Sw.-D.  kimmaj  a  tub  or 
large  wooden  vessel  with  a  top,  to  keep  meal, 
butter,  &c.  in,^im&,  the  stave  of  a  barrel;  iL chimb, 

P.     canms  et    aqwill  subulco  vi**.  [Cleveland  can,  and 
swillt  a  shallow,  liK)sely  made  wicker  basket.] 
Itm.  p.  viii.  JhkMf  x<*. 



•  The  same  informant  stated  that  the  word  sailor,  or 
rather  perhaps  sailer,  was  originally  applied  to  the  maker 
of  sails  for  windmills. 


Halliwell  gives  Jlockf  a  hurdle,  as  a  Devonshire 
word ;  and  I  believe  the  ^ks  of  1394  to  be  what 
are  now  called  Jleeeiks  (ymiten  flakes  in  my  Cleve- 
land Glossary)  by  our  Dalesfolk. 

It.  p.  i.  skowp  willo  plomar,  vi*'.  [Scoop  (of  lead);  pro- 
nunciation unaltered.] 

It  p.  i.  hamerton  ad  portand.  aquam,  vi<^.    [?] 
Itm.  p.  ligaturis  obl^r,  dni  Abbis,  iij<^.  [?] 
Itm.  p.  Strom  p.  le  brewhous,  iiii<>. 

Halliwell  gives  "  Strom,  an  instrument  to  keep  the 
malt  in  the  vat,''  on  Ray's  authority.  The  moaern 
Cleveland  form  of  the  word  is,  I  am  told,  stum  or 
stom,  which  originates  in  the  customary  metathesis 
of  r  and  its  vowel,  followed  by  what  is  almost  a 
pronunciational  absorption  of  the  consonant,  as  in. 
dozz  or  duzz  for  drose,  dozsle  for  drizsde,  &c. 

Itm.  p.  1.  vase.  p.  muskilvat 

I  suspect  (as  in  several  other  places)  a  misread- 
ing, muskilvat  for  maskilvat.  In  the  Finchala 
Priory  Inventory  the  form  is  ^naskefat, 

Itm.  p.  ii.  valys  dno  Abbi,  vi^. 
Itm.  p.  i.  holt  clath  dno  Abbi,  viii**. 

I  am  uncertain  about  palys^  though  from  ther 
bolt-cloth  mentioned  immediately  below  it  would 
appear  not  unreasonable  to  refer  to  Halliweir& 
"  Paly.  A  roll  of  bran  such  as  is  given  to  hounds  "f 
"7;a/y  of  brynne,*'  Promp.  Parv. 

It.  8'vientib3  portant.  kyds  ap.  Dunel.,  vi«*. 

It.  p.  VM  kyds  de  Newham,  xx".  \_Kid,  a  small  faggot 
of  brushwood.] 

It  uni  homini  qui  ludebat  cum  Jak,  vi**.  [?]     1 

It.  i  par.  beds  (pair  of  beads),  xx<*. 

It  ad  contribution,  p.  le  oys,  Ivij*  iv*.  [  71 

It  paietto  aula  ad  socular.  per  vices,  ij".  [?] 

It.  paietto  Celerarii  ad  togam,  xvj<*. 

P.  purgation,  uni*  yunsy,  xij<».  [No  doubt  gon^e,  ▲.-$.. 
gong,  gatig,  &  privy,'} 

Itm.  p.  i.  sproyscay  (?)  dno  Abbi,  xij**.    [?] 

Itm.  p.  i.  horslok  ad  Wodhous  garth,  viij^.  [?] 

Itm.  p.  i  hand  ad  fenestr.  camere  Abbis,  j**.  [Cleveland^ 
a  pair  o*  hands^Bi  hinge,  comprising  both  parts]. 

Itm.  p.  i  bunchis  ad  lenestr.  dormitorii,  xx**.  f?] 

Itm.  lUis  qui  foderuntyZo^A^^,  ad  potnm,  iij**.  [Compare 
Dan.  flag-torv,  JUxg,  flage,  flat  sods  of  turf  pared  from  a 
grass-grown  surface.] 

It.  de  j  Hoic  de  Xorthfolk  j  chald.  carbon,  iij«  iiy**.  [^ 
Hoy,  the  vessel  so  called.] 

It  j  suan  p.  xxiiij  dies  minanti  plauvtr.,  iiij*.  [A  twain^ 
a  boy  or  ladL] 

Itm.  p.  iiij  pese  de  waimtowebs,  xx*.  [^Wametow,  » 
bellyband.J 

Itm.  p.  ij  dosan  warn  tow  schafts,  ij". 

Itm.  p.  ij  doean  heltirschafts,  xij**. 

The  word  schaft  seems  to  have  gone  out  of 
use.  Heltershank  is  employed  in  the  same  sense 
at  no  great  distance  from  Cleveland.  I  must 
observe  that  heUo^  in  Yorkshire  is  the  hempen 
headband  used  for  leading  a  horse.  One  made  of 
leather  is  called  a  collar.  The  shank  or  shaft  is^ 
the  cord  or  rope  attached  to  the  head-stall. 

Itm.  p.  VII  wayntheu'ts,  vij*  x*.  [Comi>are  the  thovts  oC 
a  boat.] 


40.S.  IV.  August  21, '69.]  NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


155 


Itm.  p.  ii  dosan  plewstraki/ty  iiij*.  [?  the  same  as/>Zot^A- 
starts.  ] 

Itm.  p.  IX  molebrodclowti/8,  iij*  x<*.  [Mouldboard  clouts, 
the  earlier  form,  I  take  it,  of  the  modem  iron  mould- 
board  plate.] 

Expo,  c'ca  Fehows,  [Compare  X.  fahuuSf  a  cattlc- 
hoase.] 

Itm.  p.  iiJ  bands  ad  Walkmylne,  xx«*.  [CI.  tcalkmUnm^ 
a  falling-mill.] 

J.  C.  Atkinson. 

Danby  in  Cleveland. 


SMOKE. 

Holding  in  my  recollection  recent  notes  here 

upon  **SnufF,"  I  was  amused  to  come  upon  the 

following  quotation  from  Cavendish's  '*  Life  of 

Wolsey"  in  Retrospective  Review,  v.  15  : — 

•*  And  even  as  my  Lord  Piercy  was  commanded  to 
avoide  her  company,  so  she  was  discharged  of  the  courte, 
and  sent  home  to  her  father  fur  a  season ;  whereat  she 
smoked :  for  all  this  while  she  knew  nothing  of  the  king's 
intended  purpose." 

I  confess  at  the  first  moment  a  ludicrous  image 

rose  up  before  me  of  Mistress  Anne  Bulleine  taking 

to  cigarettes  as  a  solace  for  her  broken  flirtation. 

Smoke  used  thus  absolutely  is  of  scarce  occurrence. 

There  is,  however,  a  somewhat  similar  use  of  the 

word  in  Deuteronomy,  xxix.  20  — 

*•.  .  .  the  nnper  of  the  Lord  and  his  jealousy  shall 
■smoke  ai^ainst  that  man." 

If  Mistress  Anne  had  been  said  to  futne,  like 
Kate  the  Shrew  ("  ^  Frets  call  you  these  ? '  quoth 
8he  :  ^  I'll  fume  with  them ' "),  or  like  Eleanor, 
Duchess  of  Gloucester  ("  her  fume  can  need  no 
spurs,"  Second  PaH  of  Henry  VI.,  i.  3),  the  paa- 
.sage  would  have  passed  unnoticed ;  or  if  she  had 
been  said  to  have  had  a  fit  of  the  vapours^  it  would 
have  seemed  a  quite  natural  proceeding  on  the 
part  of  a  love-lorn  and  court- banished  damsel. 

Nevertheless,  I  am  by  no  means  sure  how  far 
smoke  in  the  passage  of  Cavendish  is  equivalent 
to  fume.     Weagwood  says:  — 

"The  ultimate  origin  (of  smoke)  is,  1  believe,  to  be 
found   in  a  representation  of  the  nasal  sounds  made  in 

sniffing  an  odour  or  in  gasping  for  breath The 

inarticulate  sounds  made  in  muttering,  sobbing,  sniffling, 

•were  imitated  in  Gr.  by  the  syllable  fiv,  which  must 
^)metimes  have  been  strengthened  by  a  final  guttural, 
shown  in  fivxfi6sf  groaning;  fivm-iip,  the  nose  or  snout; 

^vk6s,  snivel,  the  mucus  of  the  nose ;  fi^Krjs,  snuff  of  a 
lamp.  The  same  imitation  gives  rise  to  G.  muchenf  muck' 
seHy  Mag.  mukkaniy  Fin.  mukahtaay  to  make  slight  inarticu- 
late sounds  with  the  mouth  closed;  Gael.  mucA,  mutter, 
hum ;  mttgachy  snuffling;  smuc, a  snivel, snore, nasal  sound  ; 
smucachf  snivelling,  snuffling,  snoring.'* 

AVedgwood  goes  on  to  observe  the  not  uncommon 
use  of  smoke  in  the  sense  of  to  miff  out^  to  detect, 
^hu3  Parolles  in  AlTs  WeU  that  Ends  Well  (iv.  1), 
*'  They  begin  to  smoke  me." 

lie  does  not  notice  the  slang  schoolboy  phrase 
of  to  smoke=  to  blush.     (Is  this  phrase  peculiar 


to  Harrow  P)    However,  under  the  word  "  Funk/' 
he  gives  much  that  is  suggestive  upon  this  point. 

Neither  does  he  notice  smoker  to  beat,  to 
thrash.  For  example,  the  Bastard  says  to  Austria 
in  Kinff  John  (ii.  1),  ^Tll  smoke  your  skin- 
coat." 

Finally,  it  seems  probable  that  "  to  smoke  to- 
bacco ''  means  rather  to  inhale  its  odour  than  to 
have  reference  to  the  burning  of  the  herb.  In 
old  plays,  "  to  take  tobacco  "  and  "  to  drink  to- 
bacco "  are  ascommou  forms  as ''  to  smoke  tobacco." 
(See  notes  in  Dodsley's  Old  Plays,  iiL  398,  v.  6.) 

Turning  to  "Fume"  in  Wedgwood,  I  find  a 
Walloon  proverb,  *'founu  sain  pip  =  to  smol^ 
without  pipe,  to  be  out  of  temper,"  which  is 
specially  pertinent  to  the  vapours  of  Mistress 
Anne. 

The  slan^  phrase,  *'  Put  that  in  your  pipe  and 
smoke  it,"  is  worth  recalling  in  connection  with 
the  above  notes. 

The  Greek  tivxhs  and  iximis  in  mv  quotation  from 
Wedgwood  bear  upon  the  douole  meaning  of 
emungo,  &c.  which  I  noted  at  p.  36. 

John  Addis^  M.A. 

Rustington,  near  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 


Henry  Crabb  Robinson.  —  Having  known 
Ilobinson  most  intimately  from  about  the  close  of 
the  eighteenth  century  till  his  death  (he  resided 
in  my  father's  house,  as  one  of  his  family,  for  a 
good  many  years),  I  have  in  mv  possession  various 
letters  ana  papers  relating  to  him  and  his  career* 
One  of  the  very  earliest  is  a  note  from  Thomas 
Hardy,  who  had  been  tried  for  high  treason  in 
1794,  which  contains  a  passage  referring  to  a 
speech  delivered  by  Hobinson  at  what  was  called 
"  The  London  Forum,"  in  Feb.  1798.  The  note 
is  dated  Feb.  14,  and  what  relates  to  Hobinson  is 
as  follows :  — 

**  I  bad  an  accoimt  of  the  debate  this  evening,  which 
was  represented  to  me  as  verj'  interesting ;  and  a  youne 
man  of  the  name  of  Robinson  made  such  an  animated, 
eloquent,  and  argumentative  speech,  as  was  never  heard 
before  in  that  room." 

It  was  in  consequence  of  this  speech,  and  othm 
on  similar  occasions,  that  my  fatner  made  Robin- 
son's acquaintance,  I  was  then  about  nine  years 
old;  and  I  well  remember  that,  after  attending 
the  Forum,  Robinson  often  accompanied  my 
father  and  mother  home  to  supper. 

J.  Fatns  Collieb. 

Gold-finding  in  a  Cotjntbt  Coubt-tabd.  — 
A  few  days  ago  a  little  boy  in  this  village  was 
playing,  as  little  boys  will  play,  at  knocking 
stones  one  against  the  other,  and  thus  breaking 
them ;  when  he  was  somewhat  surprised  by  sedng 
a  glittering  substance  in  the  heart  of  a  paving  stone 
which  he  had  broken  in  a  court-yaxd.  However, 
he  paid  no  attention  to  this  on  the  first  time  of 


iff 


lilOTES  AND  QUERIES.         C4^s..iy.  Auac3T2i,'69. 


finding  it ;  but  on  again  seeing  a  bit  of  the  same 
brif^t  metal  in  another  piece  of  quaitz  in  the 
ytadf  he  took  it  to  a  jeweller's  in  tne  adjoining 
town  (Bxaintree))  who  pronounced  it  to  be  &  nug- 
get of  remarkably  pure  gold,  and  gave  him  six- 
pence for  it.  A  member  of  my  family,  hearing 
of  this  unusual  occurrence,  accompanied  the  young 
gentleman  to  the  jeweller's^  and  bought  back  the 
nugget  as  a  curiosity.  Since  then,  two  more  par- 
tides  of  gold  h»fe  been  found ;  and  it  is  hardly 
necessanr  to  add,  that  my  young  friend  is  now 
occupied  in  diligently  breaking  up  all  the  paying- 
stones  in  the  court-yard,  in  the  hopes  of  becoming 
the  yeritable  treasure-finder  of  the  story. 

The  stones  have  been  down  too  long  for  it  to 
be  possible  to  ascertain  whence  they  came  from ; 
but  it  is  clear  that,  wherever  that  may  be,  there 
must  also  be  a  considerable  abundance  of  gold. 

Evelyn  CABBnraToir. 

Deanery,  Bockiog,  Essex,  Aug.  10, 1869. 

An  Ebbob  oobbscted.— In  the  late  Mr.  Frost's 
very  interesting  Notices  rtiative  to  the  Early  JSis^ 
tory ,  ,  ,  .  of  StiU,  may  be  seen  the  Compotus 
of  John  Leversege  and  John  Tutbury,  the  col- 
lectors of  the  subsidy  for  the  second  year  of 
Henry  IV.  The  document  is  an  important  mer- 
cantile record,  and  seems  to  be  very  carefully 
printed.  There  is,  however,  one  error  occumng 
many  times,  which  it  may  be  well  to  point  out. 
The  word  ^'sungmat' "  or  ^'sungm' "  has  no  exist- 
ence, except  as  a  blunder  of  the  transcriber  or 
printer.  The  true  reading  is  certainly  amigma  or 
smegma^  L  e.  soap.  Edwabd  PEiicocK. 

Db.  Johnson  and  Lobb  Chbstkbfielb. — 
Permit  me  to  point  out  a  curious  mistake  into 
which  Miss  Martineau  has  fallen  in  her  Memoir 
of  SiEunuel  Ro|;ers.  In  her  Biographical  Sketches, 
p.  868  (Macmillan,  1869},  she  says :  •— 

'*  He  was  a  youth  of  fifteen  or  thereabonts  when  half 
the  town  was  scandalised  at  Dr.  Johnson's  audacity  in 
~     '       what  he  did  to  Lord  Chesterfield;  and  the  other 
delighted  at  the  rebuke.*' 


^^ 


Now  as  Kogers  was  ninety-six  years  old  when 

he  died  in  Dec.  1855,  he  must  have  been  bom  in 

Bee.  1709,  that  is,  four  years  after  the  Doctor's 

cetolnrated  letter  to  Loid  ChesterfieM,  wMch  is 

dated  Feb.  7,  1755,  and  its  existence  was  well 

known  to  the  town  for  thirty-five  yeais  before  it 

appeased  in  the  pages  of  Boswell  in  1791,  when 

Kogers  was  thirty-two  years  old.  (  Vide  Cioker's 

Bo9W^,  8th  edit  p.  86.)    Dodsley  says  :  — 

^^Itlxyoa  his  (Lord  Chesterfield's)  table,  where  any 
one  might  see  it.  He  sent  it  to  me ;  said  'This  man  has 
gnat  powers,'  pointed  oat  the  severest  passages,"  &c. 

H.HALL. 

Portsmonth, 

Caution  to  Novelists.— Mr.  Shirley  Brookes, 
in  hn  entertaining  oolumn  of  the  lOudrated  Lm- 
dom  New9,  has  lately  shown  that  ^<wiiteis<^  fiction 


must  have  a  care  as  to  what  names  they  give  to 
their  characters.''  I  was  particularly  reminded  of 
this  remark  on  coming  to  a  paragraph  in  a  novel 
where  the  actual  name  (Packer),  the  actual  oc- 
cupation Qaw-writer),  and  the  actual  locality. 
(Cursitor  Street)  were  each  and  every  of  them 
introduced. 

1  do  not  know  if  the  person  in  question  (who 
has  written  for  me  many  hundreds  of  folios,  and 
has  for  years  been  in  America^  was  ever  aware  of 
having  been  so  accidentally  distinguished  by  the 
illustrious  author  of  Bleak  House ;  but  if  he  were, 
sure  I  am  he  would  be  the  last  to  act  as  the  indi- 
vidual did  whose  name  was  by  chance  imported 
by  Mr.  Brookes  into  a  laughable  farce,  who  there- 
upon wrote  to  say  '^  having  heard  such  was  the* 
case,  must  request,  as  such,  it  might  be  omitted." 

Hasbt  SAimASS. 

Oxford. 

A  CuBiOTTS  Medal. — I  forward  the  annexed 
clipping  from  TJie  Times  of  Monday,  August  2,. 
1869,  which  I  think  worthy  of  a  chink  in 
*'  N.  &  Q."  :— 

**  A  nniqne  medal  of  Charles  I.  was  indnded  in  the 
sale  of  the  cabinet  of  coins  of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas 
Brown,  which  terminated  on  Saturday,  under  the  hammer 
of  Messrs.  Sotheby,  Wilkinson,  and  Hodge.  The  fal- 
lowing is  an  extract  from  the  catalogue : — **  574.  five- 
broad  piece,  an  extraordinary  and  priceless  pattern,  by 
Briot,  m.fn.  rose,  carolvs  .  d.o.  mao.  bbtt.  fban.  bt  • 
HiBERNiAE  .  BEX,  bare-headed  bust  of  the  king  to  left» 
with  long  flowing  hair,  and  Vandyke  lace  coUar ;  rev, 
same,  m.  m^  florent  .  ooncordia  .  regka,  arms  in 
high  rdief,  on  a  garnished  shield,  crowned  ;  at  the  aides 
c.R.  crowned,  edge  eng^nuled,  highly  preienredy  and 
unique.  This  memorable  piece  poeaesees  considerable 
historic  interest  from  the  circumstance  of  its  having  bean 
given  by  King  Charles  I.  to  Bishop  Juxon,  most  probably 
during  the  last  scene  in  the  eventfm  life  of  the  unfoitimate- 
monarcfa,  it  befaig  well  known  that  the  fUthAil  prelate 
was  in  attendance  on  the  scaiEold.'  It  was  bcnurht  by 
Mr.  Webster  for  845^." 

A.L. 


LrscRiPTioirs  AT  Baalbek. — On  the  roof  of  the 
long  arched  hall  of  the  principal  entrance  to  the 
ruins  of  Baalbek  I  discoyereo,  on  July  8, 1869^ 
the  following  inscription :  -<>- 

IMTOBI 
KOSd 

It  is  cut  out  on  one  of  the  centre  stones  of  the 
arch,  and  dose  to  it  is  a  large  figure  in  reEe£  As- 
the  passage  is  without  light  from  aboye,  and  as 
the  mscription  is  about  sixty  feet  from  the  en- 
trance, it  can  only  be  observed  between  the  hours 
of  10  and  11  A.K.,  which  may  account  for  yisitocs 
not  haying  seen  it  before. 

Some  of  your  readers  may  also  be  interested  in 
the  two  following  inscriptions;  one  from  the 


«*s.it.aiiodku,-m.]         K0T£S  ASJ>  QUJSBIB8. 


1«T 


Dated  tomb  of  Nebj  Slieet  (Pic^liet  3etl>)  <nAiiti 


■■d  die  other  from  a  stone  on  the  son'tb-wei 
end  of  the  Prophet  Noah's  tomb  at  Ksrak  i 
C(sla>Sjm :  — 


HIC  8IIT8  EST  .  TIX  . 
AKNia   .  LXXIIV  , 

Can  any  informatJoD  be  obtained  from  your 
leaden  respecliug  tbese  inscriptioDsF 

Johh  Scorr  Rattrat. 

Kuak,  Gado-Sjris. 

"La  Bible  daub  lInsk:  Vie  se  Jszms 
Chxisiva  "  (vBX  Louis  Jacolliot). — I  eboald  be 
Teij  ^bd  to  near  if  an;  of  jcnt  coneapcnidenta 
baTe  nad  ibis  work  (publiabed  this  jear  at  Pane 
bv  the  Libraiiie  InternatJonale,  15,  Boulevard 
Hlootaartre},  and  if  it  has  been  noticed  by  eny 
oainCBt  Indian  scholar  ?  OaPHAL. 

BiBinnAvA  :  "  SBairKt  to  Dow  Jbam."— A 
aeeond  edition  of  "  fire  cantoe"  of  Sajutl  was 
ioHied  (by  Paget  &  Co.,  2,  Bury  Street,  St 
jHDes'e),  and  elBTen  more  contoa  were  promised. 
The  amthoT  eud  he  aboold  "feel  bound  to  rereal 
himealf  should  the  remaining  eleven  cantos  of  bia 
poem  be  called  for."  No  date  is  given  on  the 
titie  or  in  the  preface,  but  a  date  casually  intrO' 
dnced  in  a  note  Bbows  the  volume  wae  printed 
after  1841.  The  etanias  and  style  are  close  imi- 
t«ti<ms  of  the  original,  and  the  poet  displays  fluent 
wai  brilliant  powers  of  ibyme.  Who  waa  the 
amthoc  f  Were  any  more  cantos  issued  F  An 
.^fobgy  for  Don  Jnm  (two  cantos  only)  was 
nl^ed  by  "T.  Qreen,  76,  Fleet  Street,  1634." 
Who  was  the  author?  Ebtk. 

Cahioiiate  Jobs. — Under  the  above  heading 
aome  verees,  containing  an  account  of  an  nndet- 
nadnate'a  examination,  appeared  in  either  Tke 
Ckirdinuat  or  ChritUan  Jiemaninmcer  between 
184a-1846,  or  1861-1853.  Can  any  ofyour  readers 
obKge  me  with  a  copy  of  them  P  Who  was  the 
■■thorP  B.  F.  W.  3. 

A  Cabd  Qvebt.  —  Are  there  any  games  at 
cards  where  queens  are  not  osedP  I  have  been 
■bown  a  beautiful  pack  of  cards,  of  Spanish  de- 
sign,  which  are  said  to  have  belonged  to  Marie 
Antoinette.  There  are  no  queens;  and  as  the 
eaids  are  numbered  in  the  comer  1,  2,  &c.,  np  to 
10,  with  11  for  the  knave  and  12  for  the  king,  there 
iTMild  nem  to  liare  becoi  no  queens  provided. 

M.£.D. 
"Chowdbk"  Pabtt."  — 
ean  P     The  former  is  said 


Cb^zkav  Cavuss. — A  ahart  lime  jince  a 
fiiaitd  told  meihat,  when  travelling  in  the  South 
of  FiKca,  he  had  aeen  an  old  dikteau  called 
"ChiteaH  Coulard."  If  any  of  youi  nmnerous 
correspondents  can  give  me  any  clue  to  iln  wbere- 
abonta,  or  a  description  of  the  cb&teau,  and  mors 
espedally  of  the  armorial  hearings  tliereon,  I 
■hould  feel  much  obliged. 

C.  LSTHBUIMIE  OOULLBD. 

LnuT.-CoLoirEL  Colltkr. — I  should  be  nmeh 
obl^d  for  any  infonnation  about  the  paiantage, 
marriage,  and  armorial  bearings  of  DeoL-Cd. 
Collvec,  LienL-Qovemor  of  Jeney,  one  of  whoae 
daughters  (Uaiy)  maoied  the  Hon.  Lawia  Hra- 
daunt,  and  died  174D;  and  another  daug^iter,  ESii- 
abeth,  was  third  wife  to  the  Hon.  0«om  Kfot- 
daunt,  brother  of  Lewis.       Eaxusa  U.  Botuu 

Gavendiah  Hdom,  Bnxtim. 

AxdXNT  Cousx  Bolls. — I  have  in  my  poawa- 
aoD  several  very  early  court  rolls  reUtii^  to  the 
mraety  of  the  manor  <£  Bitton  called  OUIatd, 
and  rolls  relatdng  to  tbe  bondred  of  Bitbm.  Thav 
wwe  putehased  at  Ueasrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson  a 
in  1861-2.  The  ^balnli^  ia,  that  other  ancient 
rolls  belonging  to  Bitton  and  Hanham  were  tamed 
out  fmnx  some  lawyer's  storC'rocHn,  and  di^teraed 
at  the  seme  lime.  I  shall  be  thankful  if  any  paa- 
seasor  of  such  will  do  me  the  favour  to  commmd- 
eate  with  me  direct,  as  Iwidito  publish  tbe  whole 
series.  H.  T.  ELLLoeooM. 

Bectmy,  GIjM  8t  OenKe,  Topdum. 

"Dn  CoKrms  Athkh inimnrK, " — A  vfdnme 
bearing  the  heading  "  De  Comitiis  Athenienmam," 
from  which  the  title  is  absent,  has  recently  come 
midei  my  notice.  The  date,  1819,  ocrars  at  the 
end  of  the  preface.  I  shonld  be  olad  if  any  cot- 
respondent  eonld  fnntish  me  witn  the  name  of 
tbe  anthor.  Tkkvob  Fbbsax. 

Gla^onr. 

Livnrs  Eholibh  Euobavxbb, — The  Editor  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  will  greatly  obli{^  me  by  allowing  me 
to  make  nae  irf  us  widely-«re«latcd  joumaTand 
oUiging  cwwapondenta,  for  the  pnrpoae  ot  iaqmiv 
ing  tor  abort  hMgn^hiMl  notea  (Mmplaee  dato 
of  iMrtit— master  wder  whom  studied— principal 
maaten — and  woAs  after  wliidi  waited.  Ice  Ik.) 
of  die  Ibllowinff  tiring  I^lish  enRKven:— ■ 
John  Fred.  BromlOT,  F.BaeiHi,  Bob.Bdl,TlMBaa 
Oldbam  Bariow,  Henry  Beckwith,  Sam.  Bellin, 
Sam.  H.  Baker,  G.  and  J.  Comen,  J.  J.  Chant, 
Sam.  Carter,  W.  Chevalier,  and  H.  Comwu.  MaHy 
repliea  will  be  thankfully  received,  as  the  notea  an 
to  DBoaed  ferawoAaneagravera  and  tbeirwtaka. 

TT-wmtmr  SjWVT, 

Fdszb  at  a  Bakvutt. — EhmdnliA,  T&Am  of 
Boeheater,  appmnted  that  at  eveir  faait  of  SL 
Andnw  tha  monte  of  the  cathedna  AonU  pro- 
vide a  large  qaanti^  of  {nridcna  it  fta  fertiraL 


158 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [4»9.rv.Acot«T2i,'flP. 


In  Flgher'a  Butwy  of  SoeAeiUr  u  a  long  liflt  of 
the  good  tbinge ;  among  them  appears  the  mn^ular 
item  of  tixtff  bundtei  of  fane.  Waa  the  rurw 
used  for  cooking  purposea  P  Geoboe  Bedo. 

6,  PDlrojB  Road,  BrixUm. 

Kewr — I  am  unable  to  find  the  derivation  of 
this  word,  -which  is  applied  in  Norden's  map  ta 
the  horae-ehoe  cloister  at  St  Oeor^'a  Chapel, 
Windsor.  Can  anj  of  your  readers  give  me  th* 
information?  C.  B.  T. 

Ladies  Travblliso  ok  Hobseeace. — In  Reld- 
ing's  Tom  Joru*  we  read  of  ladiea  travelling  in 
this  manner,  and  it  appears  that  all  the  inne 
-where  horses  were  kept  for  hire  weie  furnighed 
with  side-saddles  for  tnis  pu^se.  In  this  way 
Sophia  Western  and  her  raajd  travel  from  her 
father's  house  in  Somersetahire  to  Evesham,  in 
Worcestershire ;  accompanied,  aa  appears  to  have 
been  the  custom,  by  a  mounted  guide.  la  there 
any  mention  of  this  custom  wiywhete  elseP  I 
have  not  met  with  such  in  any  other  work  that  I 
hare  read  belonging  to  the  eighteenth  century. 
Thob.  Kbishtlet. 

Wasted  r  La  Teaite. — Some  account  of  "  La 
Trappe  "  and  its  connection  with  the  Duchesae  de 
Montba^on.  The  precise  meaning  of  the  word 
Sacoca,  N.  K. 

Hedal  with  Hbad  op  Chomwell.  —  Could 
any  of  your  numerous  contributors  give  a  clue  to 
the  period  or  for  what  purpose  the  followinfr  badge 
or  medal  waa  struck  P  It  is  of  silver,  oval  form, 
one  and  a  half  or  two  inches  in  diameter.  On  one 
side  a  head  evidently  intended  for  Oliver  Crom- 
well'a,  and  the  reverse  a  shield  of  arms  sur- 
mounted by  a  marqueas'  coronet — Argent,  a  bar 
gules,  three  torteaux  in  chief.  That  may  not  be 
Uie  proper  blazonir,  aa  the  engraving  of  the  arms 
is  much  worn,  and  a  guess  has  paruy  to  be  made 
as  to  the  colours.  A.  T.  H. 

Name  aks  TiTLEa  wanted.--"  Raja  ofBisna- 
gar,  or  Naraingua,  a.d.  1505"  (Osorio's  Hiilory 
of  the  PoHu^ueie,  i.  243).— What  was  the  name 
and  titles  of  the  R6ja  of  Bisnacar,  or  Naraingua, 
who  in  I60S  sent  an  ombasaador  on  board  the 
ship  of  Don  Francisco  de  Almeida,  Viceroy  of 
Goa,  when  at  anchor  off  Gannanar,  proposing  a 
marriage  between  his  daughter,*  "  a  virgin  of  re- 
puted beauty,"  and  John/  the  son  of  Emmanuel, 
the  King  of  Portueal?  And  what  reply  waa 
made  to  the  propostu  ? 

la  he  the  same  as  Janamejava,  son  of  P&rilnhita, 
P&ndu-vanai,  who  was  styled  Sarpa  Satra,  or 
enemy  of  the  Sarpaa,  or  N±gaa,  literally  aerpents 
or  snakes,  on  account  of  the  barbarous  massacre 
at  this  tribe,  made  at  Harihara,  160  miles  south- 


east from  Goa,  on  the  occasion  of  the  solar  eclipse 
viable  at  that  place  on  Sunday,  April  7, 1521,* 
when  a  vast  number  of  them  were  burnt  to  death 
with  cold-blooded  cruelty,  in  fires  kindled  for  the 
purpose  P  R.  R.  W.  Ellib. 

Sllrcrou,  near  Exeter. 

Political  Pribosbeb  ct  Polabd. — During  any 
of  the  three  Pt^sh  revolutione,  were  any  of  the 

Elitical  prisoners  sent  to  work  for  life,  or  for  a 
IS  period,  in  the  salt-mine  of  Wielitska  F 

N,K. 

GuiraER  OF  TiiBimY  Fobt. — In  the  parish  re- 
gister of  Gravesend  I  find  the  following  entry  — 
"  1712.  July  14,  the  vrife  of  Mr.  Daniel  Hall, 
Gunner  of  Tilbury  Fort,  buried."  Daniel  Hall 
waa  not  merelya  common  gunner  in  the  sense  -we 
use  the  term  now,  as  ia  clear  from  bia  being 
entered  in  the  Heralds'  Visitation  of  Herte  for 
1669.  What  was  the  nature  of  the  office  he 
held  P  Can  any  cgrreapondent  give  me  a  list  cf 
the  gunners  of  Tilbury  at  that  time,  with  an 
account  of  their  duties  P  G.  W.  M. 

WATLiifo  Street  ra  Keht.— 1  should  like  to 
know  the  reasons  for  concluding,  as  moat  writers 
do,  that  the  Roman  military  way  from  Rochester 
to  Canterbury  went  as  the  coach  road  now  does 
through  the  Blean  Forest,  via  Boughton  Hill  and 
Harbaldown.  Of  course,  I  know  it  is  the  nearest; 
but  Jhave  atrong  reasons  for  doubting  whether  a 
road  in  the  track  of  the  present  one  existed  dur- 
ing the  occupation  of  the  country  by  the  Romans. 
I  find  the  Watling  Street  generally  called  Roman, 
but  some  authors  call  it  Saxon.  Which  is  cor- 
rect, what  is  the  origin  of  the  name,  and  who  first 
used  itP  I  have  been  told  that  the  Archieologia 
contains  a  few  papers  on  Roman  roads  and  sta- 


tions, but  I  cannot  find  what  I  want;  perhM 
some  one  will  kindly  refer  me  to  the  particoji 
volumes  containing  information  on  the  above  eab- 


hMi« 


*  A  beiatifnl  princen,  the  tiatcr  and  not  dsoghter  of 
t)u  R^  of  ffimani,  according  to  l^fltaa,  Gnuwita 
jAs  Parttigatt  dsM  U  Xwvaat  Mtmde,  L  214. 


ject  P  I  have  forgotten  the  number  of  yard*  in 
a  Roman  mile,  and  have  nothing  at  hand  wUcIi 
supplies  the  required  information.  I  looked  Rt 
the  old  Magna  Sritamtta,  but  it  does  not  cODtain 
what  I  want.  There  are  three  scales  of  ten  Aiil« 
called  reapectdvely  "great,"  "midle"  («"c),  and 
"small"    What  la  the  meaning  of  this  P 

Gbobob  Bedo. 
6,  Putn»9  Road.  Brixton. 

GENEALOGICAL  QUERIES. 
[Answers  to  be  gent  direct  to  Qaeriab^  whou  adtlTMsci 
are  mtwcribed.] 

Amei  Familt/. — Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  a  clue  to  the  early  history  and  origin  of  the 
Ames  family  P  A  history  of  the  American  branch 
of  the  family  is  being  compiled  by  one  of  the 
name  in  that  country,  and  be  informs  me  that  it 
*  "N.  4Q.,"4U'S.  L610. 


v»B.iv.  Ad<:™t2i,'69.]         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


is  to  be  published  in  two  years.  They  trece  to 
one  who  emiptited  from  Bruton,  in  Someraptsliire, 
tthout  1636.  My  own  fiimily,  na  far  ae  I  have 
traced  them,  were  at  Shejitoii  Slallet,  Somerset, 
and  were  most  of  them  buried  at  Doulting,  There 
were  Ames's  in  Norfollt  early  in  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury. Were  they  of  the  same  family  P  The  name 
18  remarkable  for  its  uniform  spelling  for  the  last 
four  hundred  veara.  (Joe  theory  of  its  orifrin  is  a 
derivation  from  the  French  name  Kcm^n,  Can 
tbey  have  sprung  from  the  Amvas  family  V 

itEGrSALD  .\i(Klil. 

Sew  Univoraity  Cinl),  St.  JiimpB'H  Street. 

'Fklta.Y  HiSTOHT.— Wanted,  pedierees  of  the 
following  familicB ;  —  Yeomans ;  Bowcher  Eoe  of 
Shabden,  Devon;  Cole  of  Thetford,  Norfolk; 
IWeat;  Shove  of  Oporto ;  Ivena  of  Oporto ;  Eger- 
ton  J  Hore ;  Isherwood ;  Church  of  Devon ;  Barons 
of  Goodman's  Fields;  Parry,  Light,  iBoac,  Rodman, 
Mid  PazoQ. 

Addre«a,  II.  A.  Biubre,  Mr.  Lewis,  Stationer, 
Gower  Street,  Euston  Square, 


tSurrfrtf  tnil^  SiiKfnn-d. 

St.  JoHs'a  Day  asd  St.  Swithin.— Can  you 
tell  me  the  proverb  relating  to  the  ettect  of  rain 
on  St.  John's  Day,  also  the  words  of  any  proverb 
Telating  to  St  Switliin?  '     S.  A. 

[Perhspa  the  two  following,  -wliich  we  tmnacribp  from 
RazIiU's  Eigliih  Froccrbi  and  Proverbial  Phraia,  are 
those  nhich  our  corre-iponilcnt  is  in  search  of;  — 
■-  All  the  tears  tlint  St,  Swithin  can  erv, 

St  Bsrlhol'mew's  dusty  mantle  can  drj-."— P.  49, 
"  If  St.  Swithin  weep,  (hat  je»r,  the  proverb  aays. 
The  weather  will  be  foul  for  forty  days."— P.  221. 

Tbe  Germana  have  a  somewhat  similar  proverb : 

"Kegnofs  an  iro.wrer-Franen  Tag"  (HeimEnjuhung 
3f>ria,  July  14).  wenii  tic  liber's  Gebirge  geht,  90  regnet'e 
oaefa  dnander  vierzig  Tasc." 

Mr,  HaKlitl's  note  on  the  Istter  proverb  which  wa  have 
quoted  ftom  him  shows  other  instances  of  the  popular 
bdW  in  lonjT-continned  rain  about  this  period;  — St. 
Swithin  iiecms  to  have  usurped  the  place  of  two  giants, 
Prownos  and  Martiuianns,  whose  day  was  the  2nd  of 
July.  The  latter  day,  as  early  as  the  Iweldh  century, 
CDjojed  the  wme  disaprEeHble  notorletv  ;  — 

"  Si  pluit  !n  Fcirto  Proeessi  et  Martiuiari, 
Qusdraginta  dies  continuare  solel." 
The  French  say  the  same  of  (ho  davs  of  St.  JItdarJ  and 
SUGen-ais:— 

-  S'il  pleut  le  jour  Saint-Mi'Jard, 

II  pleuvra  quarantc  jours  plus  tard." 
■'  Quand  il  pleut  ii  Saint-Oerraifl, 
II  pleut  qnarante  jours  apr^."  j 

These  latter  proverbs  have  apparently  been  quoted  by 
llr.  Hailitt  from   Pluquel's  CoiUet  Populaim,  etc. ;  bnt 


our  correspondent  will  find  much  additional  matter  re- 
specting Ihem  in  Le  Ronx  de  Liner's  Livn  da  Prorerbrl 
/mufoij,  ((c.  torn.  i.  p.  78,  80.] 

_  Fanaticism  and  Tbeaboh. — Among  a  collec- 
tion of  tracts  published  during  the  last  half  of  the 
last  century,  I  find  one  with  the  following  title  r — 

"Fanalieism  aud  Treason  ;  or,  a  diepamionalc  liistorv 
of  Ibo  Rise,  PmfiTe«s,  and  Suppreuion  nC  the  Rebellious 
Insurrection*  in  .June.  1780,  bv  a  Real  Friend  to  Religion 
and  lo  Britain.  London  :  printed  for  G.  Keurslev,  No.  4G, 
Fleet  Street,  u.ncc.ucix." 

The  work  is  a  demy  8vo  of  ninety-two  pafrea. 
On  the  Inst  page  there  is  a  postscript  containing 
the  following  announcement :  — 

"  Should  this  meet  the  approbation  of  the  puWic  it 
will  be  followed  bv  a  short  aupendix,  after  tbe  trials  of 
all  tbe  rioters,  and  tlic  Dual  exlinclion  of  all  the  ombeis 
of  rebellion." 

The  work  contains  many  anecdotes  not  usually 
found  in  the  histories  of  that  period.  I  wish  to 
ask  if  the  author  is  knovfn,  and  if  the  appendix 
and  trial  of  the  rioters  ever  appeared  P  T.  B. 


Shortlands. 
[The  ■ 


edition  of  Faaalicism  ami  Trauaa,  with 
ildidons  and  corrections,  was  published  in 
I7S1.  The  Appendix  contains  thirty-two  pageaof  addi- 
tional matter.  The  writer  says,  "It  was  the  iulentlou  l<> 
have  ^ven  a  particular  account  of  the  trials  of  all  the 
rioters ;  but  such  an  account  what  reader  would  wish  to 
peruse  F  Tbe  writer  is  glad  to  escape  from  a  task  which 
appears  as  unnecessary,  as  it  certainly  would  be  unpleu- 
eoiit.  .Suffice  it  that,  at  the  Old  Raitey,  eighty-flve  were 
trieil  fur  tbe  riot's  of  whom  thirty-five  were  eapIlaUy  cou- 
victod;  at  St,  Margaret's  Hill  twenty-four  out  of  fifty." 

120.    The  authorship  of  the  work  is  unknown.] 

BcBHKL.  —  I  have  before  me  in  MS.  "  Memoirs 
of  y*  Life  of  Tho.  Bushel,  Esq."  containing  abotit 
five  pas«a  folio.  He  is  said  to  have  "  lived  in 
James  I.,  Charles  I.,  and  Charles  IL's  time,"  and 
to  have  been  "  a  very  ingenious  and  learned  man, 
but  of  no  great  estate,  so  that  he  was  in  some 
sort  of  office  several  years  under  the  famous 
Chancellor  Bacon."  Who  was  he,  and  is  there 
any  account  of  him  already  in  print  ? 

Chables  Jaceson. 

Don  caster. 

[Thomas  Bushel  was  bom  in  WorcMtcrsliire  in  15W, 
and  educated  at  italliol  Colleee,  Oxford.  lie  was  after- 
wards in  the  service  of  Lord  Chancellor  Bacon,  on  whose 
disgrace  he  retired  into  Oxfordshire,  In  reside  on  bis 
a  strongly  attached  to  the  royal  cause,  and 
ir  to  eulertoin  Charies  I.  and  his  queen  at 
for  his  services  was  made  maaUr  i>f  the 
Wales.  In  tbia  now  appointment  he  esta- 
blished ■  mint,  and  coined  money,  which  ho  sent  to  his 
sovereign  at  Oxford.  At  (he  EestoraUon  be  was  per- 
mitted, by  Act  of  Pariiainent,  (o  work  and  improve  the 
lead  mines  of  Mcndip,  in  Somersetshire.    lie  died  in  1674, 


160 


K0TB8  AND  QDEBIE8.         [i«  a-  iv.  Ao.iai  !i.  m. 


ud  wal  Hirliiil  iB  tbt  dolitan  of  WestmiiuCn  Abbe7. 
ilepnbUilMd—l.  Speeds  udSoDeitt  the  PiewDtrntnt 
of  Lhe  Kock  at  Eiuton  to  the  Qomd,  ia  1690,  Ito.  3.  A 
Juat  BDd  True  Eemooetruice  of  Hit  Hqesty'a  Mines 
Roykl  in  Wile^  1642,  4te.  3.  Ad  GxtncC  d  the  Lord 
Bicoa's  Philoaophicil  Thmr;  in  MInar&l  FroMeutioDS. 
1660,  4to.  Fide  Uanning  and  Bny'n  Surrtf,  lU.  6t3, 
■ol  p.  czlix.  i  uid  Chunben'i  Biegn^iltg  ef  Wortata- 
Mrt,  p.  ISO.] 

Sib  PBAiTcra  Drair. — Are  any  of  the  iinme- 

diate  doscendimta  of  Sir  Fruicia  Drake  still  alive  P 

M.  A.  Piin-i- 


H  of  Sir  Francis 
Diake  living.  The  hmooa  admiral  died  childleu.  Hit 
brather.  Captain  Tlioiiia*  Dnk<,af  Plymoutb,  inherited  his 
atales,  anil  wu  aucceeiliid  b;  hit  eideit  son.  Sir  Francis 
Drake  "tile  yogngei,"  who  was  cniated  a  baronet  in  1622. 
Hii  last  liuul  ducoudant  was  Sir  Francis  Henry  Drake, 
who  djian  unmarHed  InlTM,  the  baroaetcy  expired.  In 
18S1  it  iras  nrired  in  the  perKU  of  Mr.  Thamaa  Trayton 
Foliar,  Dspheir  tu  the  wconti  and  Itut  Bsroo  UeathSeld, 
Droin  wbom  be  Inherited  the  Devonataire  estates  of  the 
Drake  fiunily,  and  theroupoo  auumed  the  joint  iuiue» 
of  EUott  and  Drake.] 

RiDiHi}  THS  Stabo. — I  abonld  like  full  parti- 
cttlara  respectiiig  the  remarkable  ceremonT  or 
"  riding  the  stsng,"  also  cuatomary  in  Yorkahire  ^ 


hare  taken  the  law  too  mnch  into  his  own  handi- 

and  inflicted  improper  punishment  upon  his  wife. 

M.  A.  I'aull. 

Plymaath. 

[Full  partlndara  of  this  custom  (with  an  cngravinit^ 
an  ginn  In  Catamban's  Soot  o/D^t,  iL  5ia  Consuls 
also  Brand'a  Ptfulat  jMi^mHa,  ed.  1849,  iL  188  ;  au<i 
"N.  *  Q."  *^  S.  X.  477.  G19j  xli.  Ul,  483;  S-^  S. 
it.  37.] 

Law  ov  IIovictDE.— Was  there  not  a  law  bi 
which  the  homidde  should  be  tied  to  the  deail 
body,  and  thrown  with  it  into  tho  soaF  Whi.> 
was  the  originator  of  such  a  practice  P  and  wa.-^ 
the  punishment  erer  introduced  into  England? 
ItW.R 

[The  subject  of  the  punialuiKnt  which  the  Scnati 
law  inflicted  upon  murderers  ia  still  somewhat  obecnrr. 
nia  much,  howei-er.ia  known  ihattbeae  who  committ«'J 
mntder  on  Ott  penoa  of  a  relative  within  a  certain  pn 
scribed  define  of  affinity  wen  still,  in  the  time  of  Cicer  . 
KaUe  to  the  socisit  punialmient  of  being  tird  mfima  tm  ^ 
prndHromaimloAtma.  This  is  the  best  informatkai  wo 
can  girc  our  a>rTt>f>ondent.  Pnuishment  by  djuwuifci: 
has  arret  bees  leeqgniwd  by  the  laws  of  Ellwand.] 


8T0NEHENGE  AND  CAKNAC 

(4*  s.  iv.  sa) 

Whan  I  lately  pot  before  tlie  aicbieolo^aal 
.rorld,  throng  tia  pages  <rf  "  N.  &  Q.,"  the  idea 
i#hi<^  had  atmcik  me  about  the  poamUe  origin  at 
Oamao,  I  did  bo,  not  from  any  awf-aoffidaat  con- 
viodon  that  I  bad  discovered  the  Iratb,  but  nvply 
from  a  wiah  to  offer,  upon  a  moat  obscure  and 
(■erplexing  aubject,  an  opportunity  of  bring^ 
nut  opinions  on  this  ride  and  on  that.  A  good' 
tempered  discusMon  (a  rare  but  not  impoaaibl^ 
thing,)  to  be  oondnctod  by  persona  who  had  paid 
nttentjon  to  such  matters,  who  would  first  eaie- 
I'tilly  read  what  had  been  written,  uid  tfien  as 
carefully  wugb  what  they  were  goin^  to  mj 
themselves,  would  not  be  amisB,  end  nowit  mi^t. 
3o,  in  order  to  give  some  guarantee  fbr  good  Dft- 
baviour,  I  added  my  name  and  address. 

The  first  "  learned  gentleman  on  the  olhor 
aide  "  who  makes  his  appearance,  enters  with  a 
mask  over  his  face,  under  the  initials  of  W.W.W. 
(p.  68).  This  ia  bardty  according  to  the  rulea  of 
a  literary  tournament. 

Before  replying  to  his  remaAi  I  would  juit  ny 
jto  all  who  have  done  me  the  honour  of  raadiim- 
my  paper,  that  I  have  no  doubt  it  ro*y  hawo  ap- 
peai«d  to  offer  what  at  first  sight  would  bs  in- 
mediately  pronounced,  by  many,  to  be  a  itiaag» 
I  and  incrediole  eiplaoation  of  the  stanee  of  CwmCL 
I  But  on  secoivl  thoughts  and  a  little  n  " 
may  poswbly  be  recollected  that  no  «  _ 
could  very  well  be  otherwist^  seeing  flwt  t3 

one  thing  yet  much  more  stnnge  and  ii 

and  that  is,  tbe  stonea  of  Camae  thcsnad 
as  in  the  caas  of  Egypt:  who  tbatbad  Bent  BSim 
of  such  a  woi^  would  believe  that  a  nun  knd 
once  emfdoved  tbouaai^  of  kbourcos  far  My 
yean  to  mle  up  a  huge  solid  man  o*  ^^^^ 
.  stones  SOOfeet  higher  Oum  St  Fknl'a  GadMdnl, 
!  and  covering  a  apace  as  large  as  Unooki'a  Imt 
Field*,  only  for  the  pmpoae  of  eoatwiriag  hia 
empty  cramnia,  ribs,  S£^  after  hia  death  t  Ko- 
body.  But  go  to  the  Great  Pyramid,  cieep  into 
it,  and  there  is  tbe  expUnation,  believe  it  oi  not. 
I  And  to,  if  it  did  Bot  actually  exiat,  who  wonll 
'  ever  believe  that  acBie  other  panon  oanaed  tm 
!  or  twelve  tbouannd  large  Uocfa  of  gramto  to  be 
set  on  end  for  seven  or  eirtt  mUea  ov«  a  wild 
beathF  Again,  nobodv.  Bnt  go  to CanaD,  vi 
(here  they  are.  Erplain  it  tew  jwt  wffl,  tkn 
explanation  must  be  sbartge.    '  *  *" 


tfCamacthesnadrea.    Jnat 


owes  ita  or^in  to  a  ^-    -.  j. 

tbat  it  repreMiiti  soma  pnUie  tiipc«««Btaf  tta 

deepest  inttmetatOetiBe.    IWpvttnOveTM* 

liti^M^Mttot^t^Uoa.    I4a«rtnHt 


«»s.iv.Aooost2i,'69.]         NOTES  AND  QUEBIEa 


161 


that  it  iB.  Bat  will  any  one  name  a  stronger 
motiTey  or  any  solution  more  obviously  likely? 
At  all  events  the  idea,  being  novel,  seemed  to 
me  to  deserve  a  little  consideration.  It  might  lead 
to  inc^uiry,  closer  research,  and  more  accurate  de- 
scription. Onl^,  if  we  are  to  wait  until  some 
explanation  is  given  that  shall  not  sound  strange, 
it  will  be  a  considerable  time  before  the  stones  of 
Camac  are  explained  at  all. 

Such  preliminary  ideas  as  these  cannot  have 
occurred  to  W.  W.  W. ;  or  perhaps  he  would 
have  been  somewhat  less  in  a  hurry  to  demolish 
me,  and  he  would  have  written  witn  a  little  less 
confidence.  As  he  has  chosen  to  tinge  his  words, 
here  and  there,  with  a  flavour  of  irony,  he  will 
excuse  my  saying  at  once,  that  instead  of  gene- 
nrasly  assisting  a  difficult  inquiry  in  the  spirit  in 
whida  I  courted  assistance,  he  rushes  against  me 
with  an  impetuosity  which  only  ends  in  clogging 
the  discussion  with  inaccuracy  and  rather  crude 
objections.  I  take  his  inaccuracy  first.  It  refers 
to  Stonehenge  and  the  opinion  of  the  late  Mr. 
Henry  Wansey  of  Warminster. 

Now  the  point  is  to  general  readers  so  utterly 
iasignificant  that  I  am  sorry  to  take  up  their  time 
with  it  But  as  W.  W.  W.  does  his  best  to 
damage  me  by  laying  great  stress  upon  it,  I  can- 
not deprive  myself  of  the  pleasure  of  informing 
bim  that  he  is  altogether  in  the  wrong.  Why  he 
flhomld  so  emphatically  exalt  Mr.  Wansey  as  a 
great  authority  upon  Stonehenge,  is  best  known 
to  himself.  Wiltshire  archaeologists  are  not  ig- 
norant of  who  Mr.  Wansey  was,  and  of  his  merits 
as  an  antiauary.  He  supplied  the  late  Sir  R.  C. 
Hoare  witn  some  local  mformation  about  Wsr^ 
minater ;  but  in  Sir  K.  C.  Hoare's  full  account  of 
Stonehenge  no  opinion  of  Mr.  Wansey's  is  recog- 
nised* I  have  had  a  little  trouble  in  finding  it, 
tad  having  at  last  done  so,  am  able  to  inform 
W.W.  W.  that  he  actually  does  not  know  what 
]Ik»  Wansey's  opinion  was.  W.  W.W.  says  it 
was  die  ^'  sepulchral  theory '' ;  that  this  vras 
Wtnsey*s  "  Sanctum,"  his  special  private  pro- 
{oty,  secured  to  him,  I  suppose,  by  patent;  that 
Wtnsey  ^^ propounded "  the  theory  "that  Stone- 
henge was  erected  a.d.  450,  to  perpetuate  the 
treacherous  massacre  by  Heugist."  This  he  again 
mentions  as  the  "revived  theory  of  Wansey/* 
which,  he  says,  I  have  appropriated. 

Now  supposing  that  Wansey  had  held  that 
Aeonr,  I  beg  to  ask  W.  W.  W.,  how  could  it 
possibly  be  Wansey's  '*  Sanctum "  and  special 
property,  when  both  Leland  and  Thos.  Warton, 
whom  I  named  in  my  paper,  had  held  it  long  be- 
fcre  him  ?  I  will  save  W.  W.  W.  the  trouble  of 
tryiog  to  get  out  of  this  difficulty,  by  presenting 
Hm  with  a  greater,  viz.,  that  Wansey  never  heM 
tiiis  sepulchral  theory  at  all !  He  held  exactly 
^  contrary ;  for  his  words  are,  ^'  It  is  not  pro- 
^ibk  that  Stonehenge  vras  erected  to  perpetuate 


the  massacre.*'  Wansey's  opinion  was  (as  stated 
by  himself)  that  Stonehenge  was  the  oldest  mon- 
ument we  have,  an  "  Ante-Druidical  Astronomical 
Tropical  Temple."  Ev^  this  was  no  original 
notion  of  his  own ;  for  a  Mr.  Warltire,  Dr.  Smith, 
and  others,  had  said  the  same  thing  long  before 
him.  So  that  he  had  no  <'  Sanctum  **  of  any  kind. 
What  he  thought  about  Stonehenge  was  merely 
what  others  had  put  into  his  head ;  and  as  to  the 
"  sepulchral  theory "  which  I  am  paraded  (by 
W.  W.  W.)  before  the  public  as  having  appro- 

Enated  from  Wansey,  it  was  the  very  one  which 
e  denied.  My  autliority  is  Mr.  Wansey  himself. 
See  a  little  pamphlet  called  Stonehenge,  toith  Vari" 
OU8  Conjectures  (Piper  &  Co.,  Paternoster  Row, 
1865),  under  «  Wansey  1796,'*  p.  63 ;  also,  Gent. 
Mag.  1824,  part  u.  p.  605.  So  much  for  W.  W. 
W.'s  accuracy.  Now  for  his  objections ;  and  first 
as  to  what  I  said  about  Stonehenge. 

On  this  he  observes :  ^  Similar  structures  **  (♦. «. 
similar  to  Stonehenge)  ''are  scattered  all  over 
the  world.'*  Now  I  do  not  wish  to  be  hyper- 
critical, but  this  statement  is  surely  a  little  too 
broad.  It  might  have  been  safer  to  say  that 
"  structures  of  a  similar  class,  or  character,^*  are 
not  uncommon :  otherwise  it  might  be  supposed 
that  the  great  wonder  of  Salisbury  Plain  is  no 
such  wonder  after  alL  The  similarity  which 
W.  W.  W.  speaks  of  is  very  slight  indeed,  but 
the  differences  are  very  great  In  several  respects 
Stonehenge  is  quite  unique. 

Of  these  various  circles  of  detached  blocks  (the 
greater  part  of  which  are  insi&rnificant  when  com- 
pared with  Stonehenge)  W.  W.  W.  says,  "  they 
are  Temples  of  the  oun."  Some  of  them  very 
possibly  may  have  been  so;  I  never  said  they 
were  not:  but  it  is  rather  remarkable  that  the 
only  stone  structures  (sa  far  as  I  know)  in  Europe, 
that  present  ang  approach  in  similariihr  to  the 
pecukar  features  of  Stonehenge  are  not  Temples  of 
the  Suny  but  sqntlchral  monuments. 

In  Olaus  Magnus's  History  (Basle,  1567,  p.  37) 
is  a  rude  woodcut  of  stones,  some  of  which  are  set 
up  in  the  trilithon  form:  and  in  Eeysler  (AMtiq. 
Septentrionales  (12mo,  Hanover,  1720,  p.  7)  is  an 
e<][ually  rude  representation  of  a  circle  of  stones, 
with  blocks  overlying  them.  I  have  also  a  refer- 
ence to  a  circle  between  Magdeburg  and  Branden- 
burg, said  to  be  something  like  Stonehenge,  as 
deeoibed  in  ToUius's  I^piM^  Minerarusy  but  I 
have  never  seen  the  book.  In  all  these  casea 
the  several  authors  describe  the  monomenta  as 
sepidchral  memoriais* 

Another  of  this  critic's  criticisma.  In  the  little 
I  said  about  Stooehenffe  I  stated  that  I  had,  after 
much  difficulty,  found  some  rest  m  the  opudons 
of  others,  and  I  named  Leland  and  Thomas  War- 
ton.  My  meaning  was  that  I  concurred  with 
them,  but  not  akogether.  Thej  appear  to  have 
belieyed  that  Stonehenge  was  ereeted  wholly,. 


162 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [4«»  s.  iv.  auouw  21,  69. 


And  for  the  first  time,  in  memory  of  tlie  massacre. 
My  own  idea  is  that  there  did  exist  already  on 
the  spot  certain  ancient  holy  stones,  which  made 
the  place  very  sacred  in  the  eyes  of  the  people ; 
that  that  was  the  very  reason  why  the  King 
•selected   it,  and  that  having   done    so  he    en- 
larged the  structure  hy  the  addition  of  other 
holy  stones  also  of  some  peculiar  celehrity.    The 
legendary  story  says  he  fetched  the  fresh  ones 
from  Ireland.    Without  insisting  upon  that  (al- 
though it  seems  to  me  far  from  improhable,  for 
several  reasons  too  long  to  enter  upon),  still,  sup- 
posing the  additional  stones  alluded  to  to  have 
oeen  those  of  the  smaller  circle,  certain  it  is  that 
they  must  have  been  brought  not  less  than  a 
hundred  miles.     But  W,  W.  W.  is  ready  in  a 
moment  to  annihilate  any  notion  of  enlarging  the 
structure  at  the  period  supposed  (a.d.  470)  by  a 
conclusive  argument — viz.  Britain,  he  says,  was 
at  the  time  in  too  disturbed  a  condition  to  admit 
of  the  operation.      The  inner  circle  of   thirty 
«tones  (the  original  number,  I  believe,  was  forty), 
weighing  several  hundred  tons,  must  have  been 
brought  a  distance  of  a  hundred  miles  at  least ; 
and  how  could  such  an  "  astonishing  "  feat  have 
been  performed  ?    The  answer  is  simple  enough. 
The  stones  he  speaks  of  (judging  from  the  most 
perfect  that  remain)  are,  as  blocks  of  stone,  abso- 
lutely nothing.    There  is  many  an  old  Wiltshire 
milestone,  such  as  we  call  '^  long  stones/'  quite  as 
large.    The  whole  thirty  (I  deal  only  with  W.  W. 
W.'s  own  figures)  would  not  weigh  more  than 
130  tons — if  so  much.     Now,  in  order  to  convey 
thirty  (call  them)  double  milestones,  for  three  or 
four  days,  with  a  gang  of  bullocks  and  drays, 
was  it  really  necessary  that  all  Britain  should 
be  at  profound  peace  P     Messrs.  Pickford  &  Co. 
would  smile.      Certainly  people  cannot  well  be 
doing  two  things  at  the  same  time.    If  they  are 
fighting,  they  cannot  be  driving  bullocks,  and 
vice  versa.    But  when  a  country  is  disturbed,  it  is 
not  everybody  that  is  busy  murdering  everybody 
else.     Let  me  recall  to  my  critic's  memory  the 
>' troublous  days  of  King  Stephen"  which  he 
happens  to  name.     Never  was  this  country  in 
^ater  disquietude  than  at  that  time,  yet  (so  say 
our  histories)  never  were  more  castles  and  monas- 
teries built — castles,  more  than  eleven  hundred ; 
and  as  to  monasteries,  the  preface  to  Tanner's 
Notitia  (edit.  1744,  p.  viii.)  informs  us  that  '<  the 
troubles  which  this  kingdom  was  involved  in  for 
a  great  part  of  this  reign  could  not  restrain  the 
piety  and  charity  of  the  people  from  building 
religious  houses ;  for,  in  eignteen  years  and  nine 
months,  there  were  now  founded  "  131  monas- 
teries !  which,  I  think,  must  have  required  some- 
what more  labour  than  the  hauling  of  130  tons  of 
«tone ! 

But  the  real  truth  (entirely  overlooked  by  this 
critic  in  his  haste)  is,  that  at  the  time  when  I 


suppose  Stonehenge  to  have  been  enlarged  into  a 
memorial,  Britain  xoas  actualfy  at  peace  from  one 
end  to  the  other.  The  days  were  no  longer 
"  troublous."  Turn  to  Geoffrey's  History  (Giles's 
translation,  p.  166),  and  it  will  be  found  that  the 
fighting  was  over;  and  that  the  king  having 
routed  all  his  enemies,  went  about  ordering  re- 
storation of  churches  at  York,  London,  Winches- 
ter, &c.,  and  that,  arriving  in  the  course  of  his 
tour  at  Ambresbury,  he  ordered  a  sepulchral 
memorial  to  be  set  up  to  the  nobility  who  had 
been  massacred  there  a  few  years  before. 

But,  no :  W.  W.  W.  will  not  allow  me  to  enlarge 
Stonehenge  in  a.d.  470  at  any  price.  "  The  Saxon 
Chronicle  "  (says  he  )  '*  is  utterly  silent  on  the  sub- 
ject of  the  biulding."  Well:  the  Saxon  Chronicle 
was  not  a  communicative  public  informant  that 
reported  all  that  was  going  on.  It  is  sometimes 
mighty  brief  in  its  news.  The  whole  events  of 
an  entire  year  are  now  and  then  compressed  into 
a  single  fine :  as,  for  example,  "  Anno  644.  This 
year  Whitgar  died — and  they  buried  him."  This 
IS  the  whole  record  for  the  year  644,  and  some- 
times years  are  given  without  any  record  at  all. 

I  pass  over  a  whole  column  which  appears  to 
refer,  not  to  me,  but  to  something  that  the  late 
Archdeacon  Williams  said  or  did. 

At  last  he  notices  that  which  was  in  realitv  the 
main  point  of  my  paper — Camac.  This  he  fhav- 
ing  hitherto  said  not  a  word  about  it)  dismiases, 
telling  us  that ''  he  has  little  to  add :  beyond  the 
fact  uiat  similar  paralellitha  (but  upon  a  veiT 
inferior  scale)  are  to  be  seen  on  the  heights  of 
Dartmoor."  The  "  similarity  "  is  again  very 
slight,  but  the  difference  enormous.  The  only 
suggestion,  however,  that  he  can  make  for  the 
origin  of  the  petty  roios  of  stone  on  Dartmoor 
(which  are  by  no  means  abundant,  for  it  is  oirotn 
that  are  there  more  frequently  found)  is,  that 
they  may  possibly  have  been  put  up  for  the  health- 
ful exercise  of  running  races  among  them !  Does 
he  mean  to  suggest  that  as  the  origin  of  Camac  ? 
I  cannot  for  a  moment  suppose  that  he  does ;  biit 
all  I  have  to  say  is  that  tins  is  the  solitary  ray  of 
liffht  which  his  paper  throws  upon  that  very  daxk 
subject. 

(jne  more  of  his  objections  must  not  pass  witli- 
out  notice. 

^  Had  this  terrible  catastrophe  [tlie  shipwreck  and  fate 
of  the  emigrant  ladies]  on  the  coast  of  Britanny  hap> 
pened,  there  would  have  been  no  Fluellin  a  few  centnries 
later  to  compare  the  rivers  of  Macedon  and  Monmouth; 
the  pedigrees  of  Welshmen  (to  whose  nation  it  is  my 
happiness  to  belong)  would  have  been  more  effectual!}' 
cut  off  than  by  the  waters  of  the  Deluge.  In  fine,  the 
race  of  the  Cymry  would  have  been  as  completely  extin- 
guished as  the  Dodo  in  the  Eastern  or  the  Moa  in  the 
Southern  Hemisphere." 

If  I  could  ever  for  a  moment  have  imagined 
that  such  fearful  results  would  have  ensued  upon 
the  drowning  of  poor  Princess  Ursula  and  net 


4"«S.1V.  Auol-.st2I,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


16a 


companions,  far,  very  far,  would  it  have  been 
from  me  even  to  have  mentioned  the  subject. 
But  allow  me  (like  the  running  engine-man  at 
Swindon  Station)  just  to  give  with  my  hammer  a 
gentle  tap  to  the  7tietal  of  this  argument;  and  see 
what  sort  of  ring  it  returns. 

It  amounts  to  this :  that  when  old  Britain 
sent  out  a  colony,  consisting  of  about  as  many 
men,  women,  chUdren,  and  sweethearts,  as  any  of 
our  large  London  parishes  (say  St.  Pancras)  now 
contains,  the  whole  of  Britain  was  depopulated, 
not  a  man  or  woman  left !  Well,  as  I  must  give, 
as  gravely  as  I  can,  an  answer  to  a  statement  so 
elaborately  put  forth,  it  is  this. 

It  is  remarkable  that  whenever  the  population 
of  Britain  in  those  early  days  is  mentioned  in  old 
writers,  it  is  always  reported  as  very  great. 
Julius  Ca?sar  described  it  as  "  infinita  multitudo," 
Diodorus  Siculus  as  "  very  thickly  inhabited,  hav- 
ing many  kings  and  princes."  Tacitus  speaks  of 
•'  validissimas  gentes."  Boadicea's  %inny  alone 
consisted  of  120,000.  Procopius  says,  "  So  great 
is  the  fecundity  of  these  British  islands  that  every 
year  vast  numbers  migrate  with  their  wives  and 
children,  and  go  to  the  Franks."  Valerius  Maxi- 
mus's  account  is  *^  ingens  multitudo."  Other 
Iloman  authorities,  as  well  as  our  old  British 
historians,  speak  of  the  great  temtorial  wealth  of 
the  country  in  com  and  cattle,  mines,  &c.  All 
this  tells  the  tale  of  abundant  population.  To 
talk  of  all  Britain  being  depopulated  by  a  colony 
to  Armorica  is  mere  extravagance.  I  therefore 
think  that  this  irhvel  had  better  be  withdrawn 
without  loss  of  time  from  the  carriage  of  W.  W. 
W.'s  reasoning,  or  else  Fluellin,  the  Dodo,  and 
the  Moa,  sitting  inside  in  their  opposite  hemi- 
spheres, will  surely  come  to  grief. 

This  gentleman  finishes  his  remarks  by  a  sneer 
at  my  "  credulity."  Xow  this  seems  to  me  the 
poorest  argument  of  all.  How  much  or  how  little 
I  may  choose  to  believe,  about  the  legendary  his- 
tory of  **  SainV^  I'rsula,  is  nothing  to  the  purpose. 
There  are  two  things  connected  with  it  which  I 
not  onh'  believe,  but  am  quite  sure  of.  The  first 
is,  that  hundreds  of  thousands  of  other  people 
believed  it  all  most  thoroughly;  and  that  this, 
like  many  other  legends,  gave  rise  to  costly  works 
of  architecture,  to  large  religious  foundations,  to 
tine  paintings,  mosaics,  sculpture,  and  the  like. 
A  very  large  part  of  the  noblest  works  of  art  of 
every  kind  that  have  come  down  to  us  owe  their 
origin  to  legends.  But  if  I  attribute  this  and  that 
to  legends,  does  that  pin  me  to  the  belief  in  the 
legends?  I  go  into  Westminster  Abbey,  and,  on 
the  tomb  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  I  see  a  group 
carved  in  stone.  What  it  represents  may  perhaps 
be  doubtful.  I  suggest  that  it  very  likely  repre- 
sents the  three  ambassadors  sent  by  Edward  the 
Confessor  to  visit  the  Seven  Sleepers,  to  see  whe- 
ther they  had  turned  round,  as  was  reported,  from 


the  right  to  the  left.  Edward  the  Confessor  may 
have  believed  in  the  Seven  Sleepers;  but  his 
credulity  must  not  be  fastened  upon  me.  Well, 
then,  even  if  I  had  suggested  that  to  the  legen- 
dary story  of  "Saint"  Ursula  we  may  perhaps 
owe  the  stones  of  Camac,  that  would  not  have  in 
any  way  pledged  me  to  be  the  champion  of  the 
maivellous  pai't  of  her  history.  It  is  by  no  means 
unlikely  that  a  legend  so  notorious,  so  rich  in  its 
results  all  over  Europe  (and  especially  in  Bri- 
tanny,  as  Mb.  Mac  Cabe  has  been  so  good  as  to 
inform  us),  might  of  itself  have  so  far  worked 
upon  popular  feeling  as  to  lead  to  the  erection  of 
the  great  monument.  But  I  did  not  lean  upon 
the  legend.  As  clearly  as  I  could  express  myself, 
I  distinctly  stated  that  I  attribute  the  monument 
to  the  original  historical  eventj  and  to  the  times 
when  that  event  Jutppened,  long  before  the  legend 
was  heard  of. 

And  I  am  simple  enough  to  believe  further, 
that  legends,  though  marvellously  embellished  to 
please  the  credulity  of  the  world,  still  may  have 
a  real  origin  in  history.  The  historical  fact  may 
have  been  perverted  or  variously  reported ;  writers 
in  different  countries  may  have  been  anxious,  for 
some  special  purpose,  to  have  claimed  their  own 
countiT  for  the  scene.  I  took  the  historical  ac- 
count from  an  old  British  author,  who  placed  it 
on  the  coast  of  Armorica,  and  who  tells  us  that 
the  facts  of  his  history  were  taken  by  him  from  a 
much  older  MS.  history  found  in  Armorica  itself. 
To  call  upon  me  at  this  time  of  day  to  reconcile 
all  the  various  claims  that  have  been  made  in  so 
ancient  an  affair,  is,  I  think,  a  little  too  much. 
My  idea  about  Camac  may  be  erroneous,  but  I 
have  had  no  answer  yet  to  prove  it  so.  As  for 
W.  W.  W.*s  answer,  I  consider  it  none  at  all — 
and  that  is  my  reply  to  him. 

I  would  make  just  one  remark  upon  Mb.  G.  V. 
Ibvinq's  communication  (p.  98).  He  says  that 
he  has  tried  my  "  key,"  ana  that  there  are  many 
wards  which  it  will  not  unlock.  I  receive  his 
report  with  great  equanimity ;  but  for  curiosity's 
sake,  should  like  to  know  which  they  are  ?  The 
only  one  named  by  him  may  perhaps  be  eased  by 
a  drop  of  oil.  He  will  not  at  all  allow  Stone- 
henge  and  Camac  to  be  sepulchral  monuments  in 
memory  of  great  tragic  events.  His  reason  (if  I 
do  not  misunderstand  him)  being,  that  there  are, 
elsewhere,  a  great  number  of  small  stone  circles 
which  have  been  used  for  actual  interment  or 
other  purposes.  I  do  not  quite  see  the  force  of 
this.  Apply  the  argument  to  another  case:  — 
Some  hundreds  of  years  hence  the  tall  column  in 
Trafalgar  S<}uare  may  have  lost  its  in8ignia,^and 
the  antiquaries  of  those  days  may  be  disputing  its 
origin.  Supposing  one  of  them  were  to  suggest 
that,  possibly,  it  had  been  a  monument  to  some 
great  national  hero.  If  another  antiquary  were 
to  reply:  ''There  are  in  Tarioos  places,  in  the 


164 


NOTES  AND   QUERIES.  [4«»  S.  IV.  August  21,  '69. 


•centres  of  sqnares  in  country  towns;  or  on  tlie 
points  of  hius  in  gentlemen's  private  grounds, 
many  small  obelisks  or  pillars  which  appear  to 
have  been  set  up,  not  for  any  national  purpose, 
but  for  some  private  object,  onen  for  mere  orna- 
ment :  so  that  the  large  one  in  Trafalgar  Square 
cannot  possibly  have  been  erected  to  any  national 
hero."  Would  such  an  answer  be  conclusive? 
I  scarcely  think  it  would. 

As  to  Stonehenge :  When  Mb.  Irvdtg  observes 
that  the  great  difficulty  is,  that  "never  the 
smallest  trace  of  interment  has  been  found  within 
the  circle" — if  he  means  no  interment  connected 
with  the  massacre — ^that  is  not  a  difficulty  in  the 
way  of  anything  I  have  said.  It  rather  confiims 
the  view  I  take  of  the  matter ;  which  is,  that  the 
nobles  massacred  were  buried  most  likely  near  or 
at  Ambresbury  monastery,  and  that,  if  Stone- 
hen^  circle  were  dug  all  over,  none  of  their 
bodies  would  be  found :  for  I  consider  that  place, 
as  we  see  it,  to  he  &  cenotaph,  not  a  cemetery. 

The  etymological  coinciaence  of  Camo^  and  Csr- 
nethjmeniion^  by  another  contributor,  M.  H.  K. 
(p.  99),  had  not  escaped  me.  Several  other  little 
verbal  resemblances,  of  a  like  kind,  I  might  per- 
haps have  enlisted  in  my  service ;  but  etymology, 
unless  perfectly  obvious,  is  a  dangerous  staff  to 
lean  upon. 

J.  £.  Jackson,  Hon.  Canon  of  Bristol. 

Leigh  Delamere,  ChippeDham. 

In  this  controversy  I  have  not  seen  the  follow- 
ing work  alluded  to :  — 

**  Gtioir  Gaur ;  the  Grand  Orrery  of  the  Andent  Dmidf, 
commonly  called  Stone  Henge,  astronomically  explained, 
and  mathematically  proved  to  be  a  Temple  erected  in  the 
earliest  Ages,  for  observing  the  Motions  of  the  Heavenly- 
Bodies.    4to,  Salisbury,  1771.»* 

It  will  be  found  in  the  British  Museum.      J.  K, 


BOBERT  BLAIR,  AUTHOR  OF  "THE  GRAVE." 
(4*^  S.  iv.  28, 120.) 

Mr.  W.  B.  Cook  is  wrong  in  attributing  to  the 
Kev.  Robert  Blair  the  authorship  of  "  several  of 
the  most  beautiful  paraphrases  of  Scripture,  au- 
thorised by  the  General  Assembly."  The  tniUi 
is,  he  did  not  compose  or  edit  any  one  of  them. 
But  I  have  frequently  remarked  that  when  an 
erroneous  notion  gets  abroad,  it  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  substitute  the  correct  one.  A  Scotti^ 
Mend  informed  me  the  other  evening  that  some 
one,  in  his  presence,  lately  offered  to  hazard  his 
Mterary  reputation  on  the  fact  that  Bums  com- 
posed ^  The  Land  o'  the  Leal "  I  Well,  but  here 
aie^  my  sentiments  on  the  present  theme  tran- 
scribed from  Lyra  Brilatmica,  b.  665  (London, 
1867):—  >  r  y  f 

'*  Respecting  the  aathorship  of  the  Scottish  Paraphrases, 
modem  hymnists  have  entered  into  some  unprofitable 


discnssions.  In  Notes  and  QuerieSf  May  21,  1859,  ap- 
peared a  list  of  authors  of  the  Paraphrases  comnmnieatod 
by  a  correspondent,  T.  G.  S.,  and  dated  Edinbargfa.  In 
this  paper,  the  fourth  paraphrase  is  assigned  to  Robert 
Blair,  author  of  *  The  Grave.'  The  author  of  other  tfane 
paraphrases  is  denoted  by  the  name  *  Blair  *  being  placed 
in  juxtaposition  with  their  respective  numbers  in  the 
senes.  A  London  hjmnologist,  struck  with  the  oflldal 
aspect  of  the  list,  and  prolwblv  unaware  of  Dr.  Hugh 
Blair's  connectiGn  with  the  ftoaphraaes,  hastened  to 
make  known  the  supposed  discovery  that  Robert  Blaky 
author  of  *  The  Grave,'  was  also  entitled  to  reputation  aa 
a  hymn-writer.  The  information  was  accepted,  and  the 
hjrmnist  was  congratulated,  in  a  memoir  of  Robert  Blair, 
on  the  importance  of  his  discovery.  There  was  error 
throughout.  Robert  Blair  was  mentioned  in  Notm  and 
Qperiea  as  author  of  the  fourth  paraphrase  only.  The 
other  *BUdr  *  of  *  the  list'  was  Dr.  Hu£^  Blair  of  EdJBr 
burgh.  But  error  did  not  stop  here.  One  of  the  para- 
phrases, the  forty-fourth,  ascribed  to  *  Blair,'  has  proved 
to  be  a  cento  from  the  forty-third  of  Dr.  Joseph  StemMtfc*8 
*  Lord's  Supper  Hymns,*  and  from  Hymn  614  in  thm 
Wesleyan  Hymn-Book,  one  of  Charles  Wesley's  ooam- 
sitions.  Theffourth  paraphrase,  assigned  in  *  the  list  t* 
Robert  Blair,  consists  of  nve  verses ;  while  in  the  origiQal 
version  of  *  Scriptural  Translations,'  issued  by  the  Geoflcal 
Assembly  in  1745,  only  three  verses  are  given,  and  tiioee 
much  inferior  to  the  present  version,  and  tottUy  «B- 
worthy  of  the  ingenious  author  of  *  The  Grave.'  SMwrt 
Blair  died  in  1746.  We  have  now  before  ns  a  letter  fkom 
Robert  Blair,  Esq.,  of  Avontown,  grandson  of  the  aathor 
of  *  The  Grave,'  statins'  that  his  ancestor  was  not  known 
to  his  descendants  as  naving  composed  a  single  hymn  I 
With  respect  to  *  the  list  of  Paraplurase-writers,'  we  hftve 
received  a  communication  from  T.  G.  S.,  who  eommaDi- 
cated  it  to  Notes  and  Queries.  He  stdtes  that  his  in- 
formation was  not  derived  from  original  sources,  but  was 
chiefly  drawn  from  an  edition  of  the  Paraphrases  pvb- 
lished  at  Edinburgh  in  183G,  with  notes  by  Dr.  StebbtaK.** 

Dr.  Huffh  Blair,  I  may  add,  was  collegiato 
minister  of  tbe  Higb  Church  of  Edinbaxtth*  and 
Professor  of  Rhetoric  in  the  University  of  Bdin- 
burgh.  His  ^'  Lectur(&s  "  and  ''  Sermons  ^  are  well 
known.  He  remodelled  one  of  Watts's  hymns 
(Book  I.  No.  125);  which  appears  as  the  fifty* 
seventh  of  the  Church  of  Scotland  Paraiphrases.  Wb 
father  was  cousin  of  the  author  of  ^  The  Gtrvf^** 

Chables  Rogers,  LUD. 

Snowdoun  Villa,  Lewisham,  S^, 

Abchbishop  Mathew  (4*^  S.  iii.  264.) — Though 
''  N.  &  Q.^'  has  a  large  circulation  at  the  antipodes 
it  takes  some  time  to  reply  from  thence  to  tlie 
articles  contained  in  its  pages,  or  I  should  pre- 
viously have  pointed  out  the  error  of  the  descent 
g^ven  to  the  Archbishop  of  York|  Toby  Mathew 
(one  t),  in  No.  64  of  March  20,  p.  264 

The  strange  mistake  into  which  Thoresby  was 
led  by  an  old  lady,  whose  memory  blondered 
between  two  prelate^  was  notorious  at  the  lime ; 
yet  the  archbishop's  immediate  genealogy  haa  noL 
I  believe,  been  clearly  proved,  Although  in  one  oi 
the  Glamorganshire  descents  of  Matiiew  in  the 
Bri^h  Museum  a  John,  son  of  James  of  Boos  in 
that  county,  is  named  as  ''of  Bristol,"  and  as 
"  married  to  an  Englishwoman." 


«•  &  IT.  ArsusT  21,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Joim  of  Bristol,  father  of  Tobias,  who  died  in 
1661,  names  in  his  will  his  sisteT  Elizabeth 
B*own  of  Ross  (qj.  Roos)  "inWalea";  andflome 
iMMTCh  at  Boss  and  at  Roos  might  clear  up  the  ; 
■ptiat,  eBpecialiy  if  accompanied  by  an  examina^  | 
tion  of  any  other  and  previous  Mathew  wills  at  I 
Biutol. 

I  have  been  unable  to  find  the  descent  of  the 
Mathew  family  by  Hies  Merrick,  or  by  Lewis. 
Swynn,  but  Sir  J.  Heard  gives  those  of  two  dii' 
imel  families  of  the  name  in  Glamarganabire.  . 
Cnnot  the  arms  boine  by  the  aKhbishop  when 
«i  Dmbam  or  at  York  be  ascertauned  ?  Ilany  of 
hiB  letters  to  Camden  are  in  the  Museum,  and 
aome  may  touch  on  his  descent.  .  I 

Many  yeaia  ago  I  sav  at  the  British  Museum, 
in  a  laige  and  well-written  quarto,  a  long  descent  I 
«f  ICauew  of  Linton,  co.  Hereford,  from  a  John  i 
MkUww  of  Radyr,  Glamorgan,  with  the  arms 
ed  in  colours.  But  whether  the  Toliune 
y  of  a  Visitation  or,  as  I  rather  suspect, 
il  collection,  I  am  not  guie.  I  think,  how- 
evir,  that  it  was  one  of  the  Harleion  MSB. 

I  think  that  I  am  right  in  stating  that  the 
aiehlnahop  lived  for  many  years  at  Ragland  Castle, 
■Hrfnting  Kindred  with  the  family ;  or,  could  it 
have  been  bis  son  after  his  "  conversion  "  F       Q. 


ffrosaes,  viz.  le  m^oniB  Gorone  Oooi  en  le  ffirdt  d« 
aoar  Philippe  la  Tache  ^idran  det  dits  loialz,  tt  la 


rfaco 


(4">  S.  iv.  115.)  — This  word  is  not 
me  for  a  holiday,  or  day  of  recrea- 
.  employed  at  Stonyhuist  College, 
in  to  an  ancient  custom  of  the  col- 
at  Liege.  IJlandyck  was  the  name 
a  country  house  to  which  they  used  to  go  at 
BBiea  to  spend  n  day  of  recreation.  Thence  it 
became  customary  to  call  such  a  day  a  Blandyck. 
Wlien  the  college  was  transferred  to  Stonyhuist, 
the  old  customs  of  Liege  would  very  naturally  be 
kept  up.  Thus  the  Ba,me  days  of  recreation  were 
oheerved,  and  have  gone  efec  since  by  the  name 
<dBimdyck.  F.  C.  H. 

Sib  Phuip  le  Vache  (4""  S.  iv.  97),  or  more 
correctly  De  la  Vache,  married  Eliiabeth  (not 
Eleanor),  daughter  of  Sir  Lewis  Clifford.  Blanche, 
his  daughter  and  coheir  (&om  which  it  is  pliun 
that  be  bad  no  son,  or  none  who  left  issue)  was 
the  first  wife  of  Richard,  Lord  Grey  de  Wilton. 
Elizabeth,  Lady  de  la  Vache,  died  about  1413. 
He  following  notices  of  Sir  Fbilip  in  the  Rolls 
may  perhaps  interest  C.  J.  R. ;  — 

1375.  Harria^  of  Jobn,  kid  and  heir  of  John  Mow- 
brav  of  Axibolm,  granted  to  Philip  Conrtenay  (son  of 
Earl  of  DcYoa)  and  Philip  la  Vactae.  Westminster, 
Soy.  4.    {Bot.  Pal.,  49  Edw.  Ill,  p.  2.)      He  died  nn- 

137a  Le  Roy  a  tons  eU.  Porce  que  le  reaerent  piete 
en  disn  William  Evesque  de  Londree,  ct  nostre  cfaer  et 
U«l  ttma  Bichard  Conle  d'AroDdell  ont  liaeiez  i  D0« 
TrMDTCi  et  Cbambeileliu  de  noatre  Euhequer  a  noatre 
*iefU  ka  ioialx  qoe  enanient:  CestoSBavoir,  3  grandea 
corones  dor  oaeaq;  Rubies,  Saffin,  "  ... 


susai  en  la  garde  de  dit  Mons.  Philippe.  Item,  vne 
grande  nouche  onesqs  vne  grant  cerf  blank  en  my  liim 
naufnis  dune  luhie  poiunte,  4^.  Oi.  Wd.  It«m,  la  palet 
deepaigne  tont  dor  et  de  perre  ouewj3  tea  3  peeei  de  la 
suite.  Item,  touts  la  yesael  doi  tronei  oi  U  ^ude  d(  dit 
Mona.  Philippe,  tooi  lea  qnenz  ioudz  eitleiit  nadgaire 
baillez  aa  ditz  Eveaque  et  Conte,  >  raider  en  ooele  main 
pur  greindre  aenrtee  de  paiement  de  vne  same  de  dn 
mille  liures  deateriingei  par  Joluui  Philipot,  CStein  da 
Londm  et  ccTl«iDi  avli  ' 

eide  et  auoncement  dune  viage  el 
destie  fait  sur  la  mser.  Weatmint 
PaL,  I  Ric.  II.,  p.  4.) 

1399.  Tbe  caatodf  of  Wallingford  Oatle,  in  whidi  is 
at  preamt  the  hoi^iciam  of  Iwbelle  Qneen  of  EncUad,  a 
committed  to  William  [Le  Scrope]  Earl  of  Wilt^dra, 
BuMy,  Knight,  Henry  Grene,  Knight,  WiUiam 


Bagot,  Knight ;  the  offices  of  the  castle  aie  Brantw 
Huirh  le  Deaoenser  aad  Philip  la  Vacbo.    Witness  im 
Dake  of  York],  at  St.  Albana,  July  tOl 


{Re*.  PaL,  !3  Ric  II.) 

1400.  PyUp  de  la  Vecbe,  Chamberlain  of  our  deaiett 
caaBintbeQueen|;itabeIle,widOTa(RidiardII.].  Wttt- 
minstw,  Jul;  13.    {Bat.  Fat.,  1  Hen.  IV.jk  8.) 

1414.  Eliubetb,  wife  of  Philip  de  la  Vache,  Knl^t, 
jam  dtfimeia.     Mar.  12.     {But.  Pat^  1  Hen.  V.  p.  B.) 
HxBXESTBUnx. 

Wiltshire  MoatmxBSBa  (i""  S,  ir.  7S^~ 
Mr.  John  Yonge  Alerman,  in  hie  WiltdAv  Two, 
puta  the  following  explanation,  in  the  dialect  of 
the  county,  into  the  mouth  of  a  Wiltahiw 
peasant: — 

"  Hple  lay  as  how  Ihty  gied  th'  neam  o'  mooarakers 
to  we  Wiltahire  vauk,  bekaae  a  panel  o'  slnpid  bodies 
one  ui^t  tried  to  raks  the  ahadow  o'  th'  moon  ont  o'  th' 
bruk,  and  tnk  t  vor  a  thin  cbeese.  But  that's  Ui'  wrong 
ind  o'  th'  Blory.  The  chapi  aa  was  doio'  o'  Ihii  vai 
Bmn^glen,  and  they  was  a  viahing  up  zome  kega  o' 
spemts,  and  only  pnrtcnded  to  rake  out  a  cheese.  Zo 
the  exciseman  as  axed  'em  the  qaeatin  had  big  grin  at 
'era ;  but  tliey  had  a  good  laugh  at  he,  when  'em  got 
whoaine  the  ^uff." 

1  used  to  see  in  Southampton  aaate  thirty  yean 
ago,  at  the  junction  of  French  and  Bugle  Slieeta, 
where  it  may  still  exist,  the  dgn  of  a  public- 
houae  called  "  Wiltahire  Moonracen."  It  reim- 
sented  two  men  standing  by  a  pond,  in  which 
speared  the  reflection  of  a  full  moon.  A  saikr 
was  seen  in  the  backgronnd,  running  towardi 
them ;  doubtless  a  coast-guanl,  which  wonld  be 
in  a  sea-port  town  the  natnial  idea  of  any  officer 
of  either  the  cnstoma  or  excise.  Thia  would 
seem  to  confirm  Hr.  Aherman's  veraion;  and  I 
have  reason  to  h^eve  that  formerly  a  great  deal  of 
smuggling  was  carried  on  between  Sonthampbm 
and  South  Wilts.  The  other  vermon  is  that 
certain  Wiltshire  peasants  actually  raked  for  the 
reflection  of  the  moon,  in  the  full  belief  that  it 
was  a  cheese. 

I  have  lived  in  Wiltshire  man  than  sixty  yeai% 
and  have  heard  both  legends  given  indiscrimmately, 


XOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [v^s.iv.Jlvovwi2i,'m. 


You*Br:   YoooHooET  (4""  S.  ir.  01.)— The  | 

SaasBige  in  Homer  to  which  Mk.  Hbhuank  Kdisi  , 
esires  to  be  directed  occura  in  Iliad,  v.  903, 903.    | 

'fit  S'  St'  irhs  ■jd\aXtviibr  imiydiitrot  auri7n)(iy, 
'Typiv  i6f,  fid^.a  3'  ^tta  rtpurrpiptTOi  KVKiarrt. 

EDiimiD  Tsw,  M.A. 

Patching  Kector;',  AruDdet. 

This  prepuration  ia  not,  na  Me.  Hermann  Kindt 
tbinlrs,  the  same  aa  Devonshire  clouted  or  clotted 
cream,  for  he  fau  accuratelj  described  the  add 
flavour  ot  yoffkoort.  The  repreeentative  of  clotted 
cream  is  called  kaimac,  and  ia  prepared  from  the 
milk  of  the  common  cow,  orbuSalo  cow.  Yoghoorl 
ia  bj  some  considered  to  produce  fever.  It  is 
variously  applied,  for  some  have  a  fancy  to  wash 
their  focea  with  it.    •  Hcde  Clabeb. 

The  passage  in  Homer  to  which  Herb  Einot 
refers  is  Jiiad  r.  SX)2.  On  this  passo^  Eustathius 
(p.  472,  20)  says:— A^vwu.  ^imi  ri»i,  (ol  ri 

7aAaKTia9it  ttis  iruiiqt.  C.  T.  KamASS. 

Ceosino  op  the  Thames  Tunnel  (4""  9.  iv. 
06.) — la  noting  this  fact  it  ie  well  to  pomt  out  an 
inaccuracy  in  the  quotation  from  The  Timet,  which 
has  already  gone  the  round  of  the  papera,  but  now 
embalmed  in  "N.  &  Q.",will  become  an  historical 
recoid  for  future  reference.  Brunel'a  initiala  were 
not  "  I.  S.,"  aa  given  by  75^  Timet,  but  M.  I.,  his 
Christian  names  being  Uark  Isambard.  The 
tunnel  was  commeuced  by  Mr.  (not  Sir)  M.  I. 
Brunei  in  1624.    He  waa  knighted  in  1841. 

P.  Le  Nbve  Foster. 

The  Dodo's  PoHTRAna  (4'^  S.  iii.  240,  301, 
448.)  —  A  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  tj."  inquired 
after  potttaita  of  the  dodo.  I  think  that  Roland 
Savary  often  painted  this  extinct  and  curious  bird 
in  his  pictures  representing  the  Golden  Age,  or 
the.  Garden  of  Eden.  Unfortunately  I  can  only 
refer  your  correapcndent  to  two  such  portraits. 
The  pictures  which  contain  them  are  numbered 
respectively  710  in  the  Royal  Museum  of  Berlin 
ana  13:t  in  the  Museum  of  the  Hague.  There  are 
portraits  of  the  dodo  in  the  British  Museum  and 
m  the  Ashmolean,  bat  by  whom  painted  I  know 
not  Lately  I  remarked  m  the  TJtKzzi  Gallery  at 
Florence  a  small  picture,  representiiifr  a  mandrake, 
by  Van  Kessel.  It  is  numbered  896,  and  has 
painted  on  it  the  words — "  Mnndragora  del  Na- 
ttrei."  Can  any  of  your  correspondents  explain 
the  meaning  of  the  word  "  Nadrei "  to  me  ? 

H.  B.  ToMKiss. 

Sew  noivenily  Club. 

Flint  Implements  found  in  South  Apbica 
(4*  S.  ii.  500.)— When  /indraw  Geddes  Bain,  the 
well-known  Cape  geoloaiat,  visited  this  country 
in  1S63-4,  he  brought  with  him  aeveral  specimens 
of  celts,  arrow-heads,  kc,  similar  to  the  flint  im- 
plements found  in  the  chalk  and  aimilar  forma' 
tions  in  Europe,  which  ha  had  found  in  cAvema 


on  or  near  the  Bushman's  River,  a  few  miles  east 
of  Port  Elizabeth ;  also  in  caves  in  the  Kat  lUver 
mountains,  across  which  he  had  been  lately  con- 
struclinj  a  road.  The  stones  in  question  bore 
unquestionable  marks  of  chipping,  and  varied  in 
size  from  that  of  a  shilling  to  a  crown  piece; 
some  of  them  appeared  to  be  formed  of  a  hard 
clay  slate,  and  othera  of  a  porphyritic  rock,  but 
none  of  silex  or  flint  proper,  aa  the  chalk  formation 
ia  not  found  in  South  Africa.  They  were  evidenUy 
the  handiwork  of  the  wild  Bushmen,  who  still  ate 
found  living  in  cavea  in  the  rocky  fastnesses  in  the. 
wild  region  at  the  head  of  the  Orange  River  sources, 
but  who  were  at  one  time  spread  cdl  over  the  Cape 
Colony,  and  with  whom  the  bow  and  arrow  la 
still  is  uae.  Mr,  Bun,  I  believe,  presented  these 
celts  to  the  Royal  Geological  So^ety,  in  whoee 
museum  no  doubt  they  sdll  are.  I  believe  those 
in  the  Cape  Town  museum  were  also  presented  to- 
it  by  Mr.  Bain,  or  by  Dr.  Atherstone  of  Graham's 


Town,  who  has  also  collected  c 


I  do  not 


think  that  Mr.  Bain  attached  much  importance  to 
their  antiquity;  but  atill  they  are  curioua  as  show- 
ing in  our  own  daya,  although  on  another  con- 
tinent, races  of  men  living  pretty  much  in  the 
same  state  as  the  makers  of  tlie  nint  implements 
found  in  the  drift  were  supposed  to  do  in  pre- 
historic timaa.  H.  Hah.. 

Porlsmouth. 

Bradshaw,  the  Reoicide  (4'"  8.  ii.  34.)  — 
The  following  eitract  from  the  StafordMre  Ad- 
vertiter  of  July  24,  1860,  agrees  with  my  former 
communication  :  — 

"  Grmnwity  Kail,  aa  old  fBim-house,  waa  occupied  by 
BradBhavr  known  as  tbe  regiuide.  he  being  one  of  the 

t'  idges  who  votwl  for  the  eseeuliou  of  Charles  the  Firgt ; 
e  aflerwards  came  to  extreme  misery  ind  want,  ami 
nfCcr  hi?  death  hia  wife  waa  supporled  by  the  pariah," 
(!4orth  SlaHbrdxhiro  Nataialials'  Field  Club.) 

M.J. 

Keasiogton. 

Chapman's  IIiuns  of  Homer  (4""  S.  iii.  28.y 

The  copy  at  Wobum  Abbey  has  on  one  fly-leaf 
"  Isaac  Reed,  1780.  The  MS.  dedication  ia  in  the 
handwriting  of  the  translator  Geo.  Chapman."' 
On  another  fly-leaf— 

"ffor  ye  many  Soblf  fnuor^  reoeiu'd  of  ya  righle 

honorable 

The  Lard  RuMell :  And  desironae  by 

All  best  aeniice,  to  crowne 

his  Lo'*  far'  graces 

W'  continewanee ; 

Georse  Chapman 

Humblie  in.iicTibe9  this  crowne  of  all  ye  Homnicall 

Graces  and  Musea  to  his  ImV  Uonor  j 

wishing  Ihe  aainc  crownde 

aboue  Tillr, 

And  establishte  past  Marble." 

The  engraved  title  is  "  Homer's  Odyuet,"  &C. 

There  ia  no  name  of  engraver,     "  Imprinted  at 

London  by  Rich.  Field  for  Nathaniel  Butler." 

S.  E.  Mabtiv. 
Libraiy,  Inner  Temple. 


4«>  S.  IV.  August  21.  '69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


167 


Fliktee-mousb  (4**»  S,  iii.  576.) — Flinter- 
mouse  seems  to  be  a  corruption  of  JUttermoiue 
<Ger.  liedermaus:  probably  related  to  JUittemy 
to  flutter, ».  e,  to  fly  with  agitation  of  the  wings ; 
to  the  verbs  flit,  flirt,  flear).  Writers  of  the  last 
hundred  years  do  not  seem  to  have  taken  to  the 
word  flittermouse,  howsoever  expressive  and  poeti- 
cal it  must  be  considered.  I  find  it  used  by  Ozell 
in  his  translation  of  Rabelais'  Gargantua  (book  ii. 
chap,  xxiv.) :  — 

**  After  that  he  ^eased  it  with  the  fat  of  a  hat  or  flit- 
termoiiae^  to  see  if  it  was  not  written  with  the  sperm  of  a 
whaJe,  which  some  call  ambergris." —  Vide  Ozeil*s  trans- 
lation.   London,  1737»  ii.  183. 

In  a  charming  article  in  the  Cornhill  Magazine, 
July,  1866,  most  appropriately  called  "  The  Poetry 
of  Provincialisms,"  tnere  occurs  the  following 


**The  bat  claims  half  a  dozen  names  [in  provincial 
£ngli^3*  ^^  ^^^  eastern  counties,  from  its  flattering, 
wavering  flight,  it  is  the  flittermouse,  the  Gennan  Fleder- 
moHt,  Ben  Jonson's  — 

*  Giddy  flittermouse  with  leathern  wings.* 

In  the  south-west,  it  is  the  rere-mouse,  which  means 
exactly  the  same :  the  old  English  hrere-mus,  from 
kreran,  to  flutter :  after  whom  Titania  with  her  fairies 
hunts — 

*  Rere-mice  with  their  leathern  wings 
To  make  my  small  elves  coats.' 

Id  Somersetshire  it  i.s  the  leather-mouse,  and  in  Devon- 
shire the  leather-bird,  Ben  Jonson's  — 

*  Bat,  and  ever  a  bat,  a  rere-mouse, 
And  bird  of  twilight.' 

All  these  names  have  been  given  from  close  observation, 
and  rare  instinct  with  the  poetry  of  truth." 

I  myself  have  heard  the  bat  called  flear-mouse 
or  fleer-mouse  in  the  uttermost  north  of  York- 
shire, in  the  neighbourhood  where  the  diligent 
EeT.  J.  Graves  (bom  1760,  died  1832)  wrote  his 
Topographical  History  of  Cleveland  (published  in 
1808).  And  I  must  confess  that  fiitter-mouse, 
rere-mouse,  and  flear-mouse  show  a  much  more 
congenial  conception  of  the  people  that  have  first 
used  them — much  more  of  tne  "  instinct  with  the 
poetry  of  truth,"  than  the  more  prosaic  expres- 
aons  of  leather-mouse,  leather-bird,  and  leather- 
ing-bat. (  Vide  ant^,  576.)        Hermann  Kindt. 

•  German}*. 

Penmen  (4»J»  S.  iii.  458 ;  iv.  100.)— I  do  not 
find  the  following  in  the  list  contributed  by  your 
correspondent  Jan  Zle  :  — 

"  The  Merchant's  Penman,  a  Copy-Ilook  of  the  usual 
Hands  now  in  practice  by  most  Book-keepers  in  Europe. 
By  William  Banson,  folio.    Newcastle,  1702." 

A  copy  of  this  publication  is  in  possession  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  this  town. 

J.  Manuel. 

Xewcastle-on-Tyne. 

Bibliographical  Queries  (4***  S.  iv.  115.) — 
Your  correspondent  ¥.  M.  S.  inquires  about  a 
volume  in  tne  British  Museum.    From  his  de- 


scription it  is  evidently  the  Concilium  Buck  .  .  . 
zu  Costenczy  ^'c,  Augspurg,  von  Anthoni  Sorg, 
1483,  described  by  Brunet,  art  "  Concilium 
(5th  edit.  vol.  ii.  col.  212.)  The  Museum  copy  is 
most  assuredly  not  unique ;  for,  though  rare  in  fine 
condition,  the  book  is  not  unfrequently  to  be  met 
with  in  a  more  or  less  battered  state. 

MoLiNi  AND  Green. 
27,  King  William  Street,  Strand. 

Sir  William  Kooer,  Knight,  Privy  Coun- 
cillor TO  James  III.  (4**»  S.  i.  458.) — I  was  in 
hopes  that  some  reply  would  have  been  made  to 
this  query,  possibly  throvnng  light  on  a  curious 
incident  in  Scottish  history.  From  the  following 
notices,  which  I  have  since  collectedi  it  would 
seem  that  the  elder  ^'Imight'' is  probably  identical 
vnth  the  "  Rogers"  hanged  at  Lauder  Bridge.  Sir 
J.  G.  Dalyell  (Fragments  of  Scottish  History,  1798, 
p.  66),  citing  Piidierton,  says:  "James  ILL  cul- 
tivated the  sciences,  and  in  his  reign  William 
Rogers,  a  famous  English  musician,  came  to  Scot- 
land." Mr.  J.  Hill  Burton  (History  of  Scotland, 
iii.  181)  says :  "  One  of  his  [\James  III.]  favourites, 
named  Rogers,  v^as  a  musician,  but  whether  he 
was  some  humble  performer,  or  a  great  composer 
to  whom  we  may  attribute  the  foundation  of  {he 
national  music  of  Scotland,  there  are  no  means  of 
determining."  And  Lindsay  of  Pitscottie  (p.  193) 
says  that  James's  ^'secreit  cubiculafis  and  ser- 
yandis  wer  all  handed  [with  one  exception.  Sir 
John  Ramsay  of  Balmain]  in  the  monetli  of  Au- 
gust 1481  yeires." 

Now,  if  the  originals  of  the  three  seals  described 
by  Mr.  H.  Laing,  or,  better  still,  the  deeds  to  which 
thejr  are  (or  were)  attached,  are  in  existence  and 
attainable,  they  might  throw  some  light  on  the 
matter.  The  casts  of  the  former  seem  to  have 
been  communicated  to  Mr.  Laing  by  '^  Mr.  J.  C. 
Roger  of  Mincing  Lane  " — a  gentleman  not  un- 
known to  the  antiquarian  world,  who,  it  may 
fairly  be  presumed,  must  know  something  of  the 
deeds.  Tnese  last  would  possibly  settle  the  fact 
of  the  knighthood  of  the  father  and  son,  and  also 
their  relationship.  It  is  curious  that  the  sup- 
porters assigned  to  the  fiather's  shield — "two 
lions  sejant  gardant" — are  those  of  the  earldom 
of  March,  belonging  to  the  king's  brother  Alex- 
ander, Duke  of  Albany,  who  is  said  to  have  been 
driven  into  exile  through  the  machinations  of 
Cochrane  (the  upstart  Earl  of  Mar)  and  James's 
other  favourities.  Anglo-Scotus. 

Whipping  the  Cat  (2°'*  S.  ix.  325.)— It  is  a 
long  time  since  Uneda  asked  the  meaning  of  this 
expression,  and  as  I  cannot  find  that  an  answer 
has  been  offered,  I  submit  the  following: — ^The 
cat  is  the  domestic  animal  to  which,  as  suggested 
by  convenience  and  custom,  all  househola  mis^ 
chief  is  attributed,  and  which  therefore,  as  a  scape- 
goat in  fact)  is  made  to  bear  the  blame. 


168 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [4»k  a.  iv.  auguw  21,  w. 


In  the  instance  given  by  Ukeda,  the  evident 
meaning  is  that  the  self-styled  patriots  of  the 
French  Revolution  were  ffiven  to  throw  blame 
on  some  other  than  themselves :  thus  the  Conven- 
tion blamed  Marat,  he  Dumouriez,  and  so  on  to 
Mirabeau.  Each  found  a  cat  and  whipped  it  for  a 
crime  of  which  himself  was  accused. 

W.  T.  M. 

Pillory  at  East  Looe,  Coketwall  (4**  S. 
iv.  116.) — I  was  at  East  Looe  about  six  weeks 
ago,  and  saw  the  pillory  in  the  same  spot  which 
it  occupied  in  my  boyhoiod.         Wh.  Pekgelly. 

The  Camel  :  "  The  Ship  of  the  Desebt  '*  (4^*^ 
S.  iv.  10.) — ''  By  whom  was  the  camel  first  called 
'the  ship  of  the  desert'?''  would  be  difficult  to 
say;  but  the  phrase  Merkub  dhur — '^the  ship  of 
tibie  desert^"  is  used  in  common  parlance  by  die 
Arabs  at  this  moment.  In  the  same  way  the 
desert  is  called  Elbahar  heila  ma — '^  the  sea  with- 
out water."  Manv  such  poetical  phrases  are  used 
by  the  Arab  dwellers  in  towns,  as  well  as  by  their 
lurethren  of  the  desert :  as,  for  instance,  it  is  no 
uncomm(m  thing  in  Cairo  to  hear  the  widow 
scream  out  at  the  funeral  of  her  husband  Ha  ya 
gemd  elbeit! — ''Oh  thou  camel  of  the  house," 
meaning,  "  Oh  thou  who  didst  bear  the  burthen 
of  the  house."  Joseph  Bonomi. 

Paraphrase  pbom  Horace  (4^^  S.  iv.  45.) — 
The  stanza  quoted  by  R.  G.  L.  will  be  found  at 
n.  123  of  Horace  in  London  (London,  1813).  It 
ibrms  part  of  an  imitation  of  the  complete  ode. 
This  work,  which  consists  of  imitations  of  the 
first  two  books  of  the  odes  of  Horace,  was  written 
by  James  and  Horace  Smith,  the  authors  of 
Bejeded  Addresses,  D.  Macphail. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Scoiltmiy  Social  and  DometHe,  Menuniah  of  Lift  and 
Mannart  in  North  Britain,  By  the  Rev.  Charles  Koprers, 
LL.D.,  F.SA.  Scotland.  (Printed  for  the  Grampian 
Qub.) 

If  we  were  asked  to  say  what  is  the  object  of  The 
Grampian  Clab,  we  should  be  obliged  to  confess  our  in- 
ability to  do  so ;  and  content  ourselves  with  describing 
it  as  an  assemblage  of  Scottish  gentlemen,  to  whom  the 
reading  world  is  indebted  for  the  publication  by  Dr. 
Bogers  of  a  pleasant  book  illustratiye  of  the  popular 
History  of  Scotland  in  the  so  called  *' good  old  times ;"  in 
which,  under  the  heads  of  Social  Customs,  Drolleries, 
Public  Sports,  Greneral  Folk-lore,  Demons  and  Appari- 
tions, Witchcraft,  and  Church  Discipline,  the  antiior 
gives  us  a  series  of  anecdotes  strung  together  in  a  light 
easy  style,  which  makes  the  book  very  suitable  reading 
for  the  present  season  of  relaxation. 

A.  Shakespearian  Grammar.  An  attempt  to  iUustrate 
some  of  the  Differences  between  Elizabethan  and  Modem 
English.  For  the  Use  of  Schools.  ByK  A.  Abbott, 
M.A.    (Macmillan.) 

As  Mr.  Abbott  very  properiy  observes,  the  readers  of 
Shakespeare  and  Bacon  find  but  little  difficulty  in  under- 


standing the  words  of  those  authors,  either  flrom^Qstariea 
or  from  consideration  of  the  context ;  but  the  mffisrences 
of  idiom,  which  are  more  frequent  and  less  obvioes  and 
noticeable,  they  find  far  more  perpleadng.  The  (4>jflet  of 
the  present  little  book,  which  has  obviously  been  pntiared 
with  great  care,  is  to  point  oat  and  illustrate  these  differ- 
ences. It  is  chiefly  intended  for  the  use  of  schools ;  but 
many  would-be  commentators  and  emendators  of  Shake- 
speare would  do  wisely  to  make  themfldves  mastns  of 
this  little  l^iakeflpeazian  Gzanmar  belbre  oomndtting 
their  critidsm  to  the  press. 

Historical  Reminiscences  o/*  the  City  of  Jjomdan  amd  its 
Livery  Ooamanies,  By  Ihomas  Anmdall,  BJ>.y  VjOtS., 
&c    (BenUey.) 

The  Ticar  of  Hajrton  having  enjoyed  the  opportimity 
of  examining,  not  only  the  treasures  of  the  Corp<mtio& 
Library  ,but  the  records  of  several  of  the  City  Companies, 
communicated  the  result  of  his  investigations  weeUjr  to 
a  Yoricshire  periodical ;  and  we  presume,  the  satisfiution 
with  whidi  they  were  received  by  his  readers  has  been 
his  inducement  to  put  them  forth  in  their  preseni  iorm. 
The  work  has  obviously  been  a  labour  of  love,  and  its 
author  is  a  warm  advocate  for  preserving  the  powen  and 
privileges  of  the  great  corporate  bodies  of  the  (Sty  of 
London :  and  the  book  contains  a  good  deal  of  pleastnt 
reading  upon  the  Mayors,  the  Liveries,  the  Feastiligs^ 
Pageants,  Games,  and  Military  Exercises  of  the  Citizens 
of  L<mdon. 

DoBSETSHiRE  Pkdiorkes.  ^>  Such  of  OUT  readMft  m 
are  interested  in  genealogy  may  be  glad  to  know  that 
Mr.  Thomas  Parr  Henning  has  pubhished  in  a  separate 
form.  No.  I.  of  TTie  Dorsetshire  Royal  Descent,  the  Vdd 
Pedigree,  and  the  Henning  Pedigree,  showing  the  descents 
of  several  existing  noble  and  county  famifies  from  Sd* 
ward  III. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WAin:£D  TO  PUBGHASB. 

Particulan  and  Price,  &c.  of  the  fbllowine  booki  to  be  lent  dinot  to 
the  gentteroaa  by  vhmn  they  are  required,  wluwe  name  and  addaan  axe 
Kiven  for  that  purpote. 

Ed.  HusBAsm,  Collxctioh  aw  BsMOssTRA^icra,  AoDBasnSi  akd 

OaDBSa  BBTWXaH  Ko»  axd  Fabi.iam bst.    FoUo.    164S. 
ASHUAL  BlOGaAPHT  AHD  OBTnTAKT.     1833. 

I5DBX  TO  BoLiiS  ow  FABLiAioarr,  by  starchy,  Priddeo,  aad  "UvkMlu 

AXTHBOFOLOOIGAIj  RBVISW.    Nos.  1,  8,  3. 

List  ov  Jukeicbs  ow  Fbaoe  ooimaaao  at  thb  BasituuesBRK. 

1660 

List  '  ov  Owwkmbs   OLAiwnm  thb   Bixty   Thousand   Pouvni 

OaAXTCD    BT    HIB    MAJESTY    VOA   THB    REIilBy    OV    KU  TKDUT 
LOTAL  AND  INDIGBNT  PABTT.     4t0.     1663. 
JOHir  WraBTABUnr.  IjOYAL  MABTTBOLOer.    Sro.    1663. 

David  Llotd,  Mbmoibbs  op  thosb  Pebsonaobs  who  ffuvwrnsMO 
won. .  . .  Aludoxabcb  to  tbjsib  Sotbbribh  VBOX  UB7  TO  yssL 
Fol.    1668. 

Banifo  Ryybb,  MsBOiTBrDB  Rusncirs.   ittno.   1647. 

J.  M.  KBXBije,  Saxobb  ur  Eitoland;  «  Hiftory  of  the  "B^ffiA 

Commonwealth  till  the  "Sorman  Conquest.    %  Volt.  8vo. 
Lttmixa  Reflbxa:  Anctore  P.  Philippo  Fidnello,  «z  Italioo 

reddidit  D.  Anirottfaias  Erath.    Fol.    Francf.  I70I. 

II.  RCOBJEIaL,  COLLECrriGM    OF  AOTS  AND  OBDINANOBS   OF 
ITSK  ICADB  IN  THB  LONO  PABLIAHBNT.     Fol.     1656. 

Sortees  Society  PubUcations,  1.^  &-7,  «~I2, 14-.ja,  !&•.»,  U-SS. 
Wanted  by  Eilward  Peacock^  £lf9.,Bottcaford  Manor,  Bricg% 


^ottcfiT  t0  Carrfir]i0tdretittf. 

Univbrsal  Catalogub  or  Abt  Books.   AU  Adiitiom  cnhI  dor* 
rections  should  be  addrtsaed  to  the  Editor ^  Souih.Ke 
London,  }V. 


Irish  Riven  named  in  the  **  Faerie  Qneen/*  by  Mr.  KeigkOe^i  M^^^mr- 
dictine  Hostels  at  Oxford,  fry  ifr.  Wa^^rd;  Mataeof  NioM,aiKf«eMr«< 
other  artidee  are  unavoiaably  pottponed  untU  next  week. 

Ebratuv.— 4th  S.  iv.  p.  96,  ool.  ii.  lime  84,  ^** Schiller**  read 
"Schiltcr." 

A  Beading  Case  for  holdins  the  vMkly  xmmbera  of  **£r.  ifc  Q.**  if  Bov 
ready,  and  may  be  had  of  aU  Bookiellen  and  Kewnnau  price  Is.  ULt 
or,  ftee  by  poet,  direct  firom  the  Pnbliditr,  for  Li.  Sd. 

**  NozH  AVD  QuiBiM*' is  xigifterad  for  tnaanlMioa  ilaoak 


4»s.iv;aiglstss,'09.]  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LOSDoy,  SATUitDAY.  AUGvar  si 


COJiTEXTS,— X°  87. 

IfOTBB:  — IrtaliQivcn  named  in  the  ■'P»(,iiBQu& 

—  Hm  StMue  i>r  Ninlie.  170  —  Benedictine  Hostel.' 

tmA,  in  —  D-ittnietloTi  of  Offlcinl  MSa.  —  Kak 

BuliMi,  £diiiburgh  —  Belatians  of  Klnga  —  Emm 

—  Goddkin  —  Old   Eninrimta   iu  LodKing 

■  ■      ur  owu  Colonies,  172. 

Ui-llMlat,  Cbi>v3lkn  de  la  Jarreti; 


— Eliin 


JoMpli  or  Nauretfa  —  Cornet  Jnyee— Brunetto  Laiini  — 
Brie  Haday,  Seventh  Lord  Iteiy  —  Court  or  manor  Uouse 
— Hclodicl  to  Kewmsn'x  Ronea  —  QuotatlDns  <vauted-&e- 
femteewrinted  —  Sir  Thomiui  Sheffield  -  Voltnlre'a  Medal 
gfOetiarBi  Washington-- Horace  Walpolc,  173. 


8haw  the  Life  Guardsman  — Fain 
Tunu  —  Goldsmith's  "  Elegy  on  Mi 
BEFLIES:  -  N'evark  ind  Stirling 
Sann:  Jno.  Deni 
VwlDU  — Eiulansli 


«roSri 


Buehaoan'a  lAtin 


CouueilurBathbm 


er  Ballad  Sfjaps,  Ac  ISl. 


"  K.  &  Q."  haa  tnken,  and  I  think  more  effec- 
tn«Uy,  the  place  of  the  old  Oentlenum't  Magadne 
13  a  recaptncle  for  curious  nod  often  valuikhle 
matter  which  might  olherwiae  have  been  totally 
kiat;  for  its  Indexes  will  surely  be  resorted  to  by 
fiitnie  inquirers  on  such  subjects  as  may  possibly 
luTC  been  treated  of  in  its  pajres.  I  therefore 
condder  nothiupr  quite  lost  that  1  put  in  it.  The 
CSM  is  very  different  with  magazines,  &c. ;  as  in 
them,  if  a  subject  of  ralue  or  curiosity  does  not 
ittract  the  attention  of  those  interested  in  it  in 
the  month  of  publication,  it  is  probably  lost  and 
gone  foe  ever,  for  who  thinks  of  hunting  through 
tiie  back  volumes  of  magazines  ? 

As  an  instance :  having  made  inquiries  and 
•rrived  at  some  discoveries  respecting  the  life  of 
our  great  poet  Sjienser,  I  put  an  article  on  the  sub- 
ject bJF>nan-'B.U(t,vnitVt«(Oct.l8S9),chieflvi[iduced 
Dy  the  hope  that  it  might  catch  the  eye  of^Mr.  Col- 
lier, who  wag  than  cugng-ed  on  his  edition  of  Spen- 
ser awork.H ;  and,whatw.ii  not  usiia!,itwiis  noticed 
and  highly  praised  in  "N.  &  Q."  ^This  made 
me  rather  confident  that  it  would  be  used  by  Mr. 
Collier,  but  he  evidently  never  saw  it,  and  so  it 
ia,  I  may  say,  dead  and  gone  unless  this  reference 
should  one  time  or  other  attract  to  it  the  atten- 


tion of  some  future  biographer  or  editor  of  the 

Among  the  vvn  hopes  nhich  I  have  enter- 
tained at  various  times,  one  -was  that  I  might  be 
to  the  Faerie  Qtieen  what  I  have  been  to  Paradue 
Loet.  Those  hopes,  however,  are  gone  for  ever, 
and  all  I  can  do  is  to  place  in  "N.  &  Q."  for  the 
benefit  of  some  future  editor  a  few  of  the  original 
observations  which  I  made  on  that  poem.  I  will 
begin  with  the  names  of  the  Irish,  rivers  which 
were  present  at  the  wedding  of  the  Thames  and 
the  Medway  in  the  fourth  book,  and  which  per- 
haps I  am  the  only  person  capable  of  fully  ex- 
plaining. 

The  array  begins  thus :  — 

"  There  came  the  Liffev  rolling  down  the  lea. 
The  eaady  Slaae,  the'  stoney  Anbiian." 

Here  the  Liffeyand  the  Slane  or  Slaney  are  well- 
known  rivers  rising  in  Wicklow;  but  what  or 
where  is  the  Aubrian  P  Nobody  could  tell,  not 
even  my  friend  the  late  Dr.  O'Donovan,  the  Cory- 
phteus  of  Irish  scholars  and  topographers.  Uy 
mind  then  reverted  to  my  youuifnl  days  in  the 
beginning  of  this  century,  and  I  recollected  that 
one  day  when  I  was  out  with  the  Eildaie  hounds 
the  fox  took  to.tlie  mountdna ;  and  on  reaching 
the  top  of  tbe  first  ridge,  I  saw  beneath  me  » 
vride  valley  with  a  river  running  through  the 
middle  of  it.  I  kneir  it  was  not  the  Lif^,  and 
the  coontTT  people  told  me  when  I  inquired  that 
it  was  called  the  King's  Biver.  Now  Spensei 
must  have  seen  this  river,  for,  as  I  have  shown, 
it  was  along  thie  valley  that  the  Lord-Deputy  led 
his  troops  m  1580  to  attack  the  Irish  at  Olenda- 
ioch.  Its  name  in  Irish — which  of  course  was 
the  one  be  heard — is  Awan-ree  {Anihaa-righe^, 
and  how  easily  might  this  have  become  in  hia 
mind  Aubrian  in  the  dozen  years  or  so  that  passed 
before  he  wrote  the  fourth  book  of  his  poemt 
Dr.  O'Donovan  sud  at  once  that  I  was  perfectly 
right,  no  other  river  could  have  been  the  An- 

The  Awniduff  (it  should  be  Awinduff,  or  Black- 
water),  is  the  river  of  that  name  in  Ulster,  not 
that  in  CO.  Cork,  of  which  tbe  poet  makes  no 
mention.  "  The  '  Litfar  deep,'  "  wrote  Dr.  O'Do- 
novan to  me,  "  I  take  to  ba  tbe  Foyle ;  for  in 
some  old  maps  of  Spenser's  time  it  is  called  '  the 
Rjver  of  the  liffer/  It  is  very  dtep."  I  may 
add  that  its  name  is  evidently  "  the  Swift "  (Xu- 
at/uuhar).    The  poet  in  his  View,  ^.  says,  "  An- 

fled  Trom  Ireland  in  1598.  As  his 
wife's  family  lived,  as  I  have  shown,  in  or  near  Kinsalo, 
she  and  her  younger  children  mo«  probably  took  refhgo 
with  Uiemi'nbilG  bi»  sister,  Mrs.  Travers,  who  ap- 
parantlv  lived  in  Cork,  may  have  taken  tharge  of  tha 
elder  ones.  This  will  explain  why  the  poet  died,  u  -m 
are  told  he  did,  at  an  inn. 


170 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [*•*  s.  it.  auoubt  m,  w. 


other  garrison  would  I  put  at  Castle  liffar  (Lif- 
ford)  or  thereabouts,  so  as  they  should  have  all 
the  passi^s  upon  the  river  to  Lough  Foyle/' 

''  Sad  Tro  WIS  "  is  now  called  Drowis,  and  carries 
the  waters  of  Louffh  Melvin  into  Donegal  Bay. 
"  Strong  Alio  "  and  "  Mulla  mine  "  are  parallel 
streams  not  far  from  the  poet's  residence  at  Eil- 
colman.  The  former  gives  name  to  the  barony  of 
Duhallow,  and  the  proper  name  of  the  latter  is 
Awbeg  (Awan-beaffy  "  Little  River  ") ;  called  by 
Spenser  Mulla,  from  muUochy  "  hill-top/'  as  it  rises 
in  one  of  the  Ballvhowra  hills,  which  he  styles 
''the  Mole."  Misled  bv  Giraldus  Cambrensis, 
he  makes  the  Sure,  the  Nore,  and  the  Barrow  all 
rise  in  the  Slewboome  Tit  should  be  bloom)  moun- 
tains, for  it  is  only  the  last  that  does  so. 

*'  The  wide  embaved  Majrre  "  is  the  River  Ken- 
mare,  which  is  no  nver  at  all,  but  a  bay  or  arm  of 
.  the  sea  running  up  to  Kenmare  in  Kerry.    Then 
comes  the  great  difficulty  — 

*<  And  baleful  Oare,  late  stained  with  English  blood.'' 

Here  myself,  Dr.  O'Donovan,  and  the  late  Ajrch- 
deacon  Kowan,  who  was  so  well  versed  in  the 
topography  of  Cork  and  Kerry,  were  equally  at 
fault.  At  length,  in  looking  through  Smith's 
Kerry,  I  came  upon  the  followmg  passage:  '' This 
river  (Mang)  riseth  near  Castle  island  .  .  .,  and 
receives  a  stream  called  the  Brown  Flesk  .... 
This  latter  is  considerably  augmented  by  another 
called  Oure€tgh"  All  seemed  now  plain  enough, 
but  Dr.  Rowan  assured  me  that  to  his  certain 
knowledge  there  was  no  such  stream;  ''but," 
said  he,  *'  may  it  not  be  the  Brown  Flesk  itself, 
whose  name  in  Lrish  is  Ouan-ruadh,  *  Brown 
River '  ?  "  This  was  quite  decisive,  Ouan-ruadh 
(pr.  Otutn-roo)  became  Oitriy  iust  as  Ouan-heg 
did  Aubeg,  and  Auan-reCj  Aubnan.  Though  our 
poet's  lines  are  always  strictly  decasyllabic,  he 
may  have  pronounced  here  Ottrh  as  it  is  at  the 
csBSura.  In  "  stained  with  blood,"  there  may  be 
an  allusion  to  the  name  of  the  river  as  well  ss  to 
an  eng(^?ement  of  the  English  with  the  followers 
of  the  Earl  of  Desmond,  whose  chief  abode  was 
in  this  district 

In  the  Pastoral  jEglogtm  upon  the  Death  of  Sir 
Philip  Sidnei/,  printed  with  Spenser's  Astrophel, 
we  have  — 

'*  Hearest  thou  the  Orown?  how  with  hollow  sound 
He  slides  away,  and  murmuring  doth  plaine." 

As  this  poem  was  probably  written  in  or  near 
Dublin,  we  might  look  for  the  Orown  (Gold 
Hiverf)  to  the  north  of  that  city,  where  the 
country  houses  of  the  English  ofRcials  mostly  lay. 
I  know,  however,  of  no  stream  there  but  tfie 
insignificant  Tolka,  which  could  hardly  have  been 
so  described.  I  am  therefore  inclined  to  think  it 
may  be  the  Dodder  on  the  south  side,  which  after 
heavy  rain  often  becomes  a  torrent  of  extreme 
force  and  magnitude. 


In  mj  article  in  Fraser  I  have  Quoted  Smith's 
romantic  accoimt  of  the  lake  atKUcolman  and 
Dr.  Rowan's  description  of  its  present  appearance ; 
that  it  has  not  altered  since  the  poet's  time,  as 
Smith  asserts,  is  however  evident  from  the  fol* 
lowing  lines  respecting  it  in  the  Epithalamion  z  — 

**  And  ye  likewise  which  keep  the  naAy  lake. 
Where  none  doJUhe$  take, 

Thos.  Keiohtlbt. 


THE  STATUE  OF  NIOBE. 

Every  schoolbov  knows  the  story  of  the  grief- 
stricken  Niobe.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautifml 
m^ths  of  antiquity.  The  poets  feigned,  says 
Cicero,  that  her  metamorphosed  form  was  trans- 
ported on  the  wings  of  the  wind  to  her  native 
land,  and  deposited  upon  the  rugged  heights  of 
Sinylus,  near  to  the  old  city  of  Alagnesia,  m  the 
valley  of  the  Hermus,  Asia  Minor ;  and  no  local 
peasant  or  casual  passenger,  in  pre-Christian  times 
at  least,  ever  cast  his  eyes  in  the  direction  of  it 
but  with  mingled  feelings  of  awe  and  pity.  Ovid, 
in  his  Metam.  vi.  311-12,  took  up  the  burden  of 
her  misery  in  this  wise :  — 

**  There  still  she  weeps,  and  whirFd  by  stormy  winds. 
Borne  thro'  the  air,  her  native  coantry  finds ; 
There  fix'd  she  ttande  upon  a  bleaky  hill, 
There  yet  her  marble  cheeks  perennial  tears  distiL** 

And  many  a  long  century  before  the  advent  of 
the  Augustan  bard.  Homer  {II,  xxiv.  614-16)^ 
speaking  from  personal  observation  no  doubt,  and 
therefore  more  correctly,  had  testified  to  her  pre- 
sence on  the  mount :  — 

"  There  hifi^h-bome,  on  Sipylns*  shaggy  brow. 

She  aitSf  her  own  sad  monument  of  woe ; 
The  rock  for  ever  lasts,  the  tears  for  ever  flow." 

The  popular  belief  in  this  oft-repeated  stonr 
of  Niobe,  or,  at  all  events,  in  that  portion  <rf  it 
which  referred  to  the  disposition  of  her  petrified 
remains,  was  rudely  disturbed  by  the  latest  and 
most  careful  of  Greek  writers  on  primeval  anti- 
quities. In  his  well-known  Description  of  Oreece, 
Pausanias,  who  flourished  towards  the  close  of  the 
second  century  of  our  era,  mentions  a  fresco  which 
adorned  a  cavern  at  the  rear  of  a  theatre  in 
Athens,  representing  the  slaughter  of  Niobe'a 
children  by  Apollo  and  Diana;  and  he  imme- 
diately adds :  — 

"  After  I  had  «een  this  Niobe,  I  proceeded  to  the  monn- 
tain  Sipylus.  Near  this  place  is  a  rock  and  a  precipice, 
which,  to  one  who  stands  near  it,  does  not  exhibit  the 
shape  of  a  woman ;  but  he  who  beholds  it  at  a  distance 
will  think  he  sees  a  woman  weeping  and  lamentinir.**— 
Lib.  i.  cap.  21,  §  3.  ^  * 

As  a  matter  of  course,  just  as  an  entire  flock 
of  sheep  pass  through  a  gap  that  one  of  their 
number  has  made,  all  succeeding  writers  on  the 
subject  of  Niche's  statue  followed  in  the  wake  of 
the  Greek  historian,  echoing  and  re-echoing  hia 


^  8.  IV.  August  28,  '69.]  NOTES   AND   QUERIES. 


171 


very  decided  opinion  for  something  like  seventeen 
hundred  years.  Pausanias  had  clambered  up  the 
almost  perpendicular  sides  of  Sipylus,  reaching 
to  some  six  or  seven  hundred  feet,  in  order  to 
satisfy  his  curiosity.  Not  discovering  the  object  of 
his  search,  he  clambered  down  again,  and  declared 
its  existence  to  be  a  vulpfar  conceit,  or,  at  the  best, 
but  a  mere  phantasm.  This  solitary  achievement 
of  a  sober  fditiquary  was  deemed  conclusive  on 
the  point  Why  repeat  a  dangerous  experiment  ? 
None  being  bold  enough  to  do  it,  the  self-satisfied 
Greek  was  left  in  undisturbed  possession  of  the 
mountain,  as  well  as  of  the  treasure  it  contained. 

Dr.  Leonhard  Schmitz,  one  of  the  learned  con- 
tributors to  the  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman 
Geography  (s.  v.  "  Sipylus"),  writing  so  late  as  the 
jear  1857,  brings  into  stronger  relief  the  judg- 
ment of  Pausanias,  and  leaves  it  to  be  inferred 
that  the  words  of  Horace  were  really  applicable 
to  him: — 

.    .    .    .    "  Populumque  falsis 

Dedocet  uti 
Vocibus." 

•*  In  speaking  of  Mount  Sip^lus  (he  remarks),  we 
Ksannot  pass  over  the  story  of  Isiobe,  alluded  to  by  the 
.poets,  who  is  said  to  have  been  metamorphosed  into  stone 
on  that  mountain  in  her  grief  at  the  loss  of  her  children. 
Pausanias  relates  that  he  himself  went  to  Mount  Sipylus, 
•and  saw  the  ligure  of  Niobe  formed  out  of  the  natural 
rock  ;  when  viewed  close  he  only  saw  the  rock  and  pre- 
cipices, but  nothing  resembling  a  woman,  either  weeping 
or  in  any  other  posture;  but  standing  at  a  distance  you 
fancied  you  saw  a  woman  in  tears  and  in  an  attitude  of 
grief.  This  phantom  of  Niobe,  says  Chandler  (p.  331), 
whose  observations  have  been  confirmed  by  subsequent 
travellers,  may  be  defined  as  an  effect  of  a  certain  portion 
of  light  and  shade  on  a  part  of  Sipylus,  perceivable  at  a 
particular  point  of  view." 

The  authority  particularly  mentioned  above  is, 
I  presume,  Dr.  Richard  Chandler,  who  published 
his  Travels  in  Asia  Minor  in  1775,  4to.  I  have 
referred  to  that  work,  containing  copious  MS. 
aotes  by  Mr.  Revett,  who  accompanied  him,  and 
cannot  discover  any  notice  in  it  of  Niobe  or  of 
her  statue.  The  book  extends  to  283  pages  only, 
and  chapters  xviii.  to  xxi.  inclusive  treat  of 
Smyrna  and  its  neighbourhood.  The  doctor  de- 
scribes the  valley  of  the  Hermus,  through  which 
he  passed,  but  is  silent  on  the  subject  of  Mount 
Sipylus.  I  have  likewise  referred  to  the  third 
edition  of  his  Travels^  published  in  1817,  and  in- 
cluding his  peregrinations  in  Greece,  but  to  no 
better  purpose.  Nor  can  I  discover  in  the  pages 
of  any  subsequent  writer  a  confirmation  of  Qie 
alleged  report  by  the  doctor. 

In  an  educational  work  such  as  the  Dictionary 
of  Greek  and  lioman  Geography,  purporting  to  be 
based  on  the  latest  researches  of  scholars  and 
dilettanti,  it  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  the 
magnificent  folio  on  The  Ancient  Monuments  of 
Lydia  and  Phryyia,  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Steuart,  and 
published  fifteen  years    previously,  or  in  1842, 


should  have  been  totally  disregarded  or  over- 
looked by  the  editor  and  his  numerous  staff  of 
assistants,  every  one  of  whom  is  deservedly  famed 
for  sound  erudition  and  diligence.  A  notice,  too, 
of  Mount  Sipylus  and  the  statue  that  crowns  it 
occurs  in  the  Kev.  Edmund  Chishuirs  Travels  in 
Turkey  (Lond.  1747,  foL),  which  that  gentleman 
performed  at  the  close  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
True,  he  has  little  to  say  on  the  subject  in  ques- 
tion ;  but  that  little,  however,  is  qmte  sufficient 
to  depreciate  the  not  very  probable  relation  of 
Pausanias.  But  to  revert  to  Mr.  Steuart  and  his 
labours.  He  not  only  describes  the  mountain  and 
its  venerable  ornament — probably,  as  he  suggests, 
the  oldest  of  its  kind  in  the  world — but  gives  a 
fair  delineation  of  so  much  of  it  as  has  been 
spared  by  the  maw  of  Time.  The  figure  is  seated 
on  a  throne,  and  placed  in  an  arched  recess ;  and 
to  this  arrangement  he  attributes  its  partial  pre- 
servation:—  ' 

"  The  style  and  character  of  the  work  [he  adds]  corre- 
spond with  the  description  given  of  statues  previous  to 
the  time  of  Dsedalus;  who,  from  having  been  the  first 
artist  who  gave  a  freedom  to  the  limbs,  is  said  to  have 
imparted  to  his  statues  the  power  of  motion.  Although 
the  limbs  are  not  disengaged,  the  figure  of  Niobe*  is  de- 
signed in  a  sufficiently  easy  and  natural  attitude:  the 
hands  appear  to  have  been  clasped  together  upon  the 
breast;  and  the  head  is  slightly  inclined  on  one  side, 
with  a  pensive  air,  expressive  of  grief.  The  whole  figure 
bears  a  strong  impress  of  archaic  style ;  nevertheless,  so 
little  now  remains  of  the  origmal  sculpture,  that  it  re- 
quires to  be  .studied  carefully  in  order  to  understand 
exactly  the  design.  The  exterior  surface,  too,  is  so  much 
corroded,  that  the  whole  mass  exhibits  not  a  single  trace 
of  the  chisel,  saving  on  some  remains  of  the  volutes  or 
curls  of  Niobe's  hair,  which,  from  their  position,  have 
been  better  protected  from  the  weather." 

This  circumstantial  account,  not  to  mention  the 
drawing  that  accompanies  it,  leaves  no  doubt  as 
to  the  existence  of  the  monument,  of  a  veritable 
work  of  art,  and  confirms  in  a  singular  manner 
the  incidental  allusion  to  it  in  the  pages  of  Homer. 
Nor  does  Mr.  Steuart  omit  to  mention  the  most 
probable  origin  of  the  Niobe  legend  :— 

*♦  It  is  very  remarkable  [he  observes]  that  the  winds 
generally  rage  here  with  great  violence ;  which  may 
account  for  the  tradition  of  Niobe  having  been  trans- 
ported hither  by  their  ministrj'.  Be  this  as  it  may,  I 
could  not  behold  without  admiration  the  tears  still  trick- 
ling down  the  furrows  of  her  grief- worn  cheeks,  realising 
what  would  appear  to  have  been  but  the  fancy  of  the  poet. 

By  the  proximity  of  some  springs,  with 

which  this  part  of  the  mountain  abounds,  this  singular 
effect  is  still  produced  after  the  lapse  of  thousands  of 


years 


!»» 


Mr.  Steuart  has  not  given  the  dimensions  of 
the  statue:  these  I  am  particularly  desirous  of 
knowing,  and  should  feel  therefore  much  obliged 
to  any  reader  of  **  N.  &  Q."  who  may  possess  this 
information  and  will  kindly  impart  it  to  me. 

w.  w.  w. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i*s.iv.  AnocarSf 


BENEDICTINE  HOSTELS  AT  OXFORD. 
There  were  «t  Oxford  three  Benedictine  collegeK 
— C.interbury,  Durham,  and  Gloucester — andJohti 
Rous  adds  London.  (Leiiuid,  iv.  30,  al.  16».) 
"Winehcoinbe  Abbey  had  a-hoatel  for  its  novices 
near  the  eite  of  Glouceator  Hall,  which  wftB 
founded  for  the  great  Abbey  of  St.  Peter  in  tb& 
year  1283.  {Hist.  GlocedA.  92.)  Above  the  small 
poatern  arch  of  the  present  Worcester  College, 
though  concealed  by  trails  of  ivy,  the  arms  still 
remain  which  marked  the  entrance  to  similar 
hostels  belonging  to — 

St.  Alban'i  (Az.  a  salHre,  or),  called  the  Scho- 
lars' House,  completed  with  a  chapel  and  porch 
by  Abbot  William  11.  (Gesta  Abbatiim,  iii.496) ; 
Bamsey   (Or,  on   a   bend   az.,   3  rams'    beads 
couped  arg.  attired  of  the  first),  and 

....  ( — a  saltire — with  a  Greet  cross  in  fesa). 
These  are  indicated  in  Loggan's  View. 

On  the  south  side  of  the  quadrangle  are  six 
hoatela^  with  the  following  heraldic  distinctionsj 
reckoning  from  east  to  west  :— 

1.  ...  a  griffin  Begreant.  2.  Norwich  (arg.  a 
cross  sable).  3,  4.  According  to  Wood's  MS.  in 
the  Ashmolean  collection,  liamsei/  and  Winr.h- 
combe,  the  name  of  an  abbot  of  the  latter,  John 
Cheltenham,  who  lived  in  the  time  of  Henry  VI. 
having  been  written  in  the  windows.  5.  Enriched 
with  panelling;  according  to  the  same  authority, 
WeitmiHeter.    6.  Perahore. 

William  Compton  was  Abbot  of  Perdwe  1504- 
27  (Dttffd.  ii.  411),  and  on  one  side  of  a  small 
niche  above  the  doorway  is  a  shield  with  a  mitre 
over  it,  and  decorated  with  a  rebus — W.,  a  comb, 
and  ton.  Corresponding  to  this  is  another  shield 
surmounted  by  a  coronet .  .  .  three  standing  cups 
(P  Butler  or  Argentine).  Running  westward  ia  a 
rwsed  terrace  over  a  vaulted  substructure  now 
closed  up. 

On  the  outside  of  a  new  wall  at  the  east  end  of 
the  garden  is  a  shield  surmounted  by  a  lion's  mask  I 
...  a  cross  potence  .  .  .  with  a  rose  in  the  first 
quarter  {?  Carlile).  This  shield,  with  another 
described  by  Wood  as  "  Gutty,  a  cross  humette, 
trunked,  with  two  water-potts  in  base,"  was  for- 
merly in  the  littlo  quadrangle  (southward  of  the 
g^eent  ball),  which  exhibits  a  few  remains  of  the 
erpendicular  period,  nnd  waa  divided  into  mo- 
nastic  hostels.  | 

On  the  site  of  the  I>rovosfs  lodging,  Wood 
(Ash.  MS.  8491,  fo.  260)  mentions  the  hostel  of  , 
Oloucesfer  with  its  arms,  Az.  two  keys  in  saltire,  ! 
or,  and  a  hostel  of  jl6ini7tfoji,  with  these  arms —  I 
Or,  a  cross  patonce,  between  4  martlets,  or,  "on 
the  right  hand  as  we  come  through  the  court  or  ; 
quadrangle."  The  latter  was  formed  by  the  hnll 
on  the  east  of  the  present  quadrangle ;  the  chapel 
on  the  north,  the  eastern  gable  wall  of  which  etill 
exists;  and  the  library  on  the  east  side,  facing 
the  site  at  present  occupied  by  Beaumont  Street. 


Besides  the  abbeys  already  mentioned,  Olas- 
!  tonbury,  Tavistock,  Burton,  Chertsey,  Coventry, 
'  Evesham,  Eynaham,  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Ab- 
botsbury,  Mychelney,  Malmesbury  and  Rochester 
are  known  to  have  contributed  to  the  maintenance 
of  hostels  in  the  University  on  this  site. 

I  may  add  that  at  Cambridge  the  Benedictines 
established  Slij  hostel  on  the  site  of  Trinity  Hall, 
and  Monk's  hostel  for  CroyUmd. 

Mackenzie  E.  C.  Walcoti,  B.D.,  F.8.A. 


Dbstructioh  of  Official  MSS. — I  have  heard 
a  rumour  to-day  that  torn  of  written  papers,  ei' 
teodingin  dates  as  far  back  as  three  hundred  years 
ago,  have  lately  been  or  are  still  being  sold  from 
the  Dockyard  at  Deptford  to  manufacturers,  as 
waste  paper.  Whether  in  this  wholesale  and 
necessary  displacement  of  lumber,  steps  have 
been  taken  to  guard  against  the  inadvertent  d&- 
structioa  of  autographs  and  documents  of  historic 
interest  and  value,  I  have  not  beard;  and,..lest 
this  should  not  have  been  the  ca-te,  it  appears  to 
me  advisable  to  call  attention  in  your  colunUB  to 
the  report.  It  is  probably  exag;gerated,  but  not 
without  foundation,  and  the  point  in  qnestioD 
deserves  inquiring  into.  JoaK  W.  Bobb. 

Beoistes  of  Sasines,  EnrmicKOH la  the 

Parliamentary  paper.  No.  20,  1887,  p.  27,   being 
a  list  of  Record  publications,  ia  this  work  :^ 

"  Abridgment  of  Register  of  Sosincs,  not  {lublisbed  for 
aale ;  coat  of  printing,  iacla<ling  fajtet  and  binding, 
B,376/„  exclnaive  of  euma  paid  by  the  Treasury  (snunnt 
unknown) ;  number  of  copies  printed  U  ot  26,  stored  in 
tbe  General  Register  IIoQse.  £dinbuTgb." 


Relations  of  Kihos. — 

"  A  curious  announceuicnt  appears  in  a  French  paper: 
'  M.  liernadutte,  cou«n  to  the  King  of  Sweden,  and  qyer 
atSuresne3,present<<biniselfasaiiIa(tependent  and  Liberal 
candidate  in  the  eighth  district.  His  flrst  meeting  with 
bis  electors  will  take  place  at  Conilievoie,  in  the  pubUo- 
house  of  M.  Itarbide,  who  is  heir  to  tbe  Itnrbide  gonw 
time  Emperor  ot  Mexico.'  " 

The  above,  clipped  from  the  Manchester  Couritr, 
May  18,  may  be  worth  a  comer  iu  "  N.  &  Q." 

0.  w.  s. 

EyjTUi. — It  is  generally  admittod  that  we  can- 
not find  an  equiv^ent,  or,  at  least,  that  we  cannot 
adequately  represent  this  word  in  our  own  tongae, 
but  I  think  that  if  we  compare  it  with  annoy  and 
annoyance,  and  refer  to  the  root,  mmoycr  (Nor- 
man-French), a  striking  analogy  will  be  seen  to 
exist.  Nor  is  this  all ;  the  Norman-French  on- 
noyer  may  very  probably  have  been  tbe  origin  of 
the  modem  French  ennuier.  Perhaps  some  of 
your  correspondents  will  express  their  opinion  on 
the  subject  H.  W.  R. 


4»  S.  IV.  August  28,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


173 


Old  CoDfs.  —  In  a  MS.  jest-book,  tenip. 
Charles  11.  (Harl.  6395),  mention  is  made  of  a 
*' dandepratt,"  which  is  exphiined  to  be  a  very 
small  kind  of  silver  coin.  I  have  heard  the  same 
word  used  in  Yorkshire  as  meaning  a  bantam 
fowL  It  is  evidently  connected  vp-ith  the  idea  of 
amallness. 

The  same  MS.  says  (§  390) :  — 

"  There  ivas  a  pjood  merry  fellow  and  musical,  but 
naturally  somewhat  doubled  about  the  back;  and  his 
comrades  usually  called  him  their  Ninepence,  and  their 
Harper.  Because,  common!}',  the  ninepences  are  a  little 
backled  to  distinguish  them  in  their  currency  up  and 
dowD,  lest  they  pass  (some  being  big,  some  smallj  for  a 
fixpence  or  a  shilling." 

Ctkil. 

Goddam. — A  short  time  ago,  "  F.  S.  A."  ad- 
dressed the  following  to  the  Pali  Mall  Gazette. 
It  should  be  preserved  in  your  pages  as  a  curious 
instance  of  a  derivation  missed :  — 

**  In  an  occasional  note  you  latel}'  referred  to  the  word 
Goddam  as  having  been  used  by  Joan  of  Arc  to  designate 
an  Englishman.  In  a  note  of  the  very  rare  and  curious 
work  entitled  Aventures  du  Baron  FcBnente^  by  Agrippa 
d*Aubign^,  may  be  found  the  following  details  : — The 
Spaniards  of  the  sixteenth  century  used  to  consider  cor- 
imlence  majestic,  and  wore  false  stomachs  called  Godams; 
nence  all  stout  people  were  named  Gndanis,  and  the  writer 
qiiotes  a  sermon  beginning,  *  Erat  unus  grossus  Godam 
qui  nil  curabat  nisi  de  ventre.' 

*•  It  is  singular  that,  while  admitting  that  the  English 
famished  this  word,  the  author  of  the  note  appears  quite 
10  the  dark  as  to  its  derivation.  He  inclines  to  believe 
that  it  is  a  corruption  of  'good  ale,'  by  imbibing  large 
quantities  of  which  the  Anglo-Saxon  race  acquired  the 
abdominal  prominence  which  excited  the  envj'  of  the 
meagre  Spaniards." 

W.  T.  M. 

Old  Engravings  in  Lodging-houses  Abroad 
A^D  in  ourown  Colonies. — If  visitors  would  make 
notes  of  these,  while  staying  at  watering-places, 
&c.,  many  specimens  of  our  own  earlier  artists, 
engravers,  &c.,  might  be  recovered,  and  usefully 
added  to  the  collection  recently  presented  to  the 
British  Museum.  I  do  not  know  the  value  of  the 
following,  but  give  the  memoranda  for  what  they 
may  be  worth :  — 

1.  "  Les  festcs  d'Amour  et  de  Bacchus  en  rausique, 
representees  dans  le  petit  Pave  de  Versailles.   1G78." 

I^The  original  of  the  ballet  at  the  Alhambra  Palace, 
Leicester  Square,  last  winter.] 

2.  "  Henrietta  Maria,  Magnie  Britanniie  Regina — 
Jacobus  Hamilton  Marchio  ab  Hamilton  Sacri  Stabuli 
eomes  adstat,"  d'c.  "  Antonius  Vandiick  eques  pinxit. 
Bonnefoy  sculpsit." 

3.  "  Painted  by  F.  Wheatlcy,  R.A."  ••  Engraved  by 
L.  Schiavonetti "  (a  pair)  :— 1.  "  Two  Bunches  a  Peonv, 

Sp. 


Milk  below.  Maids.' 


BiLLEHETJST,  ChEVALIERS  DE  LA  JARRETIJfcRE. — 

Est-il  vrai  que  des  membres  de  la  maison  de 
Billeheust,  sgrs.  du  Manvyr,  d'Argenton,  etc., 
^tablie  en  Normandie,  et  portaut  pour  armes 
d'azur  a  un  chevron  d'argent,  accompagn^  de  8 
roses  de  meme,  aient  6t6  chevaliers  de  la  Jar- 
retidre  ?  On  voudrait  avoir  des  indications  pre- 
cises a  cet  ^gard.  Baeon  de  Chatjlieu. 
A  Vire  (Calvados). 

A  KIND  Caution  to  Rioters  in  August,  1736. 
The  following  curious  notice  occurs  in  a  magazine 
of  the  time.  Have  any  copies  of  this  *'kind 
caution  "  been  preserved  ?  It  seems  to  have  been 
"  affixed  up  *'  at  Aldgate,  Bishopsgate,  and  other 
parts  of  the  city,  besides  being  delivered  personally 
to  the  housekeepers  of  Spitalfields  and  White- 
chapel  :  — 

"Monday,  August  2,  1736.  —  The  beadles  of  several 
parishes  delivered  a  paper  to  most  of  the  housekeepers  of 
Spittlefields,  Wbitecbapel,  and  thereabouts,  intitled  A 
kind  Caution  to  Riotersj  containing  some  clauses  of  an 
Act  of  Parliament  made  in  the  first  year  of  King  George  L 
to  the  following  purpose,  That  if  any  persons  assemble  toge- 
ther to  demolish  or  pull  down  any  house  or  houses,  they  shall 
be  adjudged  felons  without  benefit  of  clergy,  and  suffer 
death.  And  also,  that  whatever  houses  are  pulled  and 
demolished  in  the  manner  aforesaid,  the  damages  shall  be 
made  good  by  the  inhabitants  of  the  hundred  where  the 
same  is  committed ;  and  that  it  shall  be  sufficient  for  the 
recovery  of  such  damage,  that  the  person  injured  bring 
his  action  at  Westminster  against  any  two  or  more  of 
the  inhabitants ;  and  the  same  to  be  levied  according  to 
a  statute  made  in  the  27th  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Thia 
paper  was  also  affixed  iip  at  Aldgate,  Bishopsgate,  and 
several  other  public  places  in  that  part  of  the  town.** 

J.  M. 

Elizabeth  Chaucer.  —  In  the  Register  of 
John  of  Gatmt  (vol.  ii.  fol.  46),  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing entry : — 

« £51  88.  2d.  for  the  expenses  of  Elizabeth  Chaucy, 
when  the  said  Elizabeth  was  made  a  nun  in  the  Abbey  of 
Berkyng.*'    May  12,  1381. 

There  are  several  entries  of  payments  to  Geof- 
frey Chaucer  the  poet  and  Philippa  his  wife,  and 
in  nearly  every  instance  the  name  is  spelt  Chaucy, 
so  that  this  Elizabeth  may  have  been  a  relative 
of  the  poet  Is  he  known  to  have  had  either  a 
sister  or  a  daughter  of  that  name  ?  If  she  were 
his  daughter,  I  think  she  can  hardly  have  been 
more  than  a  child.  There  must  have  been  some 
intimate  connection  of  blood,  affinity,  or  service, 
to  induce  the  Duke  of  Lancaster  to  pay  so  im- 
mense a  sum  for  the  assumption  of  the  veil  by 
Elizabeth  Chaucy.  Hebmentrude. 

Church-building  Phrases. — In  an  old  ac- 
count of  the  re-edification  of  a  church  (fifteenth 
century),  I  find  the  following  items,  which  I 
should  De  glad  to  have  explained  : — 

"Olde  tymber  and  maris"  (the  debris  of  the  old 
church).    It.  for  iij  cqpeff.^* 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [i^-S-iv.  Atroowae/eB. 


AmoDgtha  coDtributioDS  from  various  guilds  i:^ 
one  from  the  milwardtji.  Does  the  word  italiciaeil 
mem  mUlere,  the  local  pronunciation  of  which  ia 
"  mellards  "  F 


denced  bj  the  Cornish  proverb,  "A  hot  May 
makes  a  fat  church-hay."  What  means  (At 
playa-f  Records  of  the  same  ehuich  mention 
"Jesua  cotes,"  and  "  Tormeteris  cotes,"  in  theii- 
inventories.  Has  it  any  reference  to  the  Eastei' 
pageants  or  religious  dramas  of  the  period  T 

"Mnkyng  of  two  ungtUr." 

I  have  not  the  volume  of  "N.  &  Q."  at  hnnd; 
but  a  reference  to  1"  S.  vii.  371  migU  aluddate. 

"Sold  hushi*  (P  aahes)  yn  the  llcherid." 

"Fornaylfor  the  huMri  and  to  Hodtl." 

"Paidtaitodcl.S'." 

"N,  &  Q."  has  been  a  very  aafe  "find"  on 
many  an  occasion,  and  I  hope  for  elucidation  of 
these  and  some  other  obscure  matters  which  may 
follow.  Thokis  Q.  Couch. 

Okesuak. — In  a  document  of  about  the  year 
1600  I  have  met  with  a  person  described  as  a 
gresmanp    What  was  he  P  Corbvb. 

HEKiLMC :  FlELD-MiRSItAL  StcDHOLM  HODG- 
SON.— I  should  be  glad  to  know  the  armorials 
upon  th^tomb  of  this  military  commander.  He 
died  October  20, 1708,  aged  ninety  years,  in  Old 
Burlington  Street,  London.  Particulars  of  his 
descent  would  also  ha  acceptable  to  John  Yaiker, 
Jun,,  4S,  Chorlton  Road,  Manchester. 

HouflELLiUQ  Towels. — At  Wimbome  Minster 
ft  white  cloth  is  spread  on  the  altar  rails  while 
the  euchnrist  is  being  administered  to  the  com- 
municants. This  is  the  only  case  where  I  have 
heard  of  this  old  Catholic  custom  being  kept  up. 
If  there  are  other  places  where  the  practice  is 
continued,  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q."  would  be  a  fit 
place  to  note  them.  Qeoeoe  Bedo. 

6,  Pulron  Road,  Brixton. 

JosBPa  ofNazaseth, — While  passing  through 
Nazareth  in  November  1802, 1  saw  the  traditional 
stone  table  on  which  Joseph  and  Jesus  are  be- 
lieved to  have  worked.  Is  there  any  valid  reason 
for  the  belief  that  Joseph  worked  as  a  stonemason 
and  not  as  a  carpenter — the  scarcity  of  wood  in 
Palestine  then  and  now  causing  difficulty  with 
respect  to  the  latter  occupation  ?  The  query  is 
one  for  biblical  and  Greek  scholars  to  answer. 
Che.  Cookb. 

Cornet  Joycb. — Is  anything  known  concern- 
ing the  subsequent  histoir  of  Comet  Joyce,  who 
in  1647  seized  King  Charles  I.  at  Holmby  House, 


in  Northamptonshire  f  *  There  is  a  remarkably 
tine  portrait  of  the  comet,  life-^ze,  three-quartet 
length,  punted  by  Walker,  in  the  dining-room  at 
Dinton  Hall,  near  Aylesbury,  the  prepay  of  the 
Rev.  J.  J.  Qoodall.  He  is  represented  wearing  a 
cuirass;  his  left  hand  holds  a  pistol,  whilst  the 
right  leans  on  a  steel  morion  or  cap.  The  hair 
is  long  and  flowing  over  the  breastplate,  and  the 
countenance,  though  handsome,  shows  great  re- 
solution. Holmby  House  was  built  by  Queen 
Elizabeth's  favourite  chancellor,  Sir  Christopher 
Katton,  but  only  the  gateway  now  remains,  the 
house  having  long  been  pulled  down. 

Close  to  Dinton  Hall  resided  the  regiddes 
Richard  Ingoldsby  and  Ireton;  and  John  Big^, 
the  Binton  hermit,  supposed  by  some  to  have  been 
the  masked  executioner  of  King  Charles  I.,  dwelt 
in  a  cave  just  outside  the  grounds.  The  cave  has 
long  ago  been  filled  up  and  levelled  with  the 
ground,  though  its  traces  are  easily  defined;  and 
amongst  the  curiosities  of  Dinton  is  preserved 
one  of  the  shoes  of  the  hermit,  composed  of  about 
two  thousand  pieces  of  leather.  There  is,  I  be- 
lieve, a  memoir  of  Bigg  in  Wilson's  WonderfiU 
Charactert.  Zoss  Pickpokd,  M.A. 

Boiton  Percy,  near  Tadcwter. 
With  reference  to  the  queation  whether  Joyco 
was  the  executioner  of  Cbarles  I,,  let  me  note 
that  I  was  informed  some  time  since  by  an  Iiisli 
gentleman  likely  to  be  well  informed,  that  Comet 
Joyce  belonged  to  the  Joyces  of  Galway — an 
old  family  remarkable  for  personal  strength,  and 
that  either  in  Hardiman's  History  of  Galieajf  at 
Dutton's  .^tmoA  would  be  found  a  notice  of  Joyce, 
and  of  his  boast  that  "  he  had  tried  the  strength 
of  his  arm  on  the  neck  of  Charles  V  A  reference 
to  these  works  having  failed  to  discover  the 
passage  alluded  to,  can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
.-lay  in  what  book  it  may  be  found  ?  T, 

Bhcnbtto  Latini, — Can  any  of  your  readen 
inform  me  where  the  Letters  of  Brunetto  Latini, 
from  which  the  following  purports  to  be  an  ex- 
tract, are  to  be  found  P  — 

"  Our  Journey  from  London  tn  Oxford  was  with  soms 
difficulty  and  dingtr  made  in  tva  dars;  Toi  the  toails 
are  bid,  and  we  bad  to  climb  hills  of  htuardoua  ascent 
Jiod  nhlch  to  descend  are  equally  perilous.  We  piMM 
Ibrough  maoy  woods  considered  here  aa  dsngeroua  place*, 
lis  they  are  iofeated  with  robbers;  which,  indeed,  is  the 
taw  with  moat  of  the  roads  in  England.    This  is  >  dr- 


y  the  neighbo 

"3 

ng  the  booty 

heserubban 

ngth  of  Ihei 

nnd  with  the  «  „ 

03  our  company  was  numeniua,  we  had  nothing  to  fear, 
AccoTdioKly  we  arrived  the  first  night  at  Shitbnm  CatUs. 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Watlington,  under  tlie  cbain  of 
liills  ovei  which  we  passed  at  Stokenchurch. 


[*  References  to  works  containing  notices  of  Lisa- 
[enant-Colonet  Geai%e  Jovce  will  be  Tonnd  in  "  N.  A  Q.' 
1"  S.  iL268;  2°*  8.iv.'21)0i  3rdS.iU.47B;  and  li^  3. 

iii.«l-Eo.I 


i*  s. rvr.  AcGosT  28, '690         NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


175 


"  This  castle  was  built  by  the  Earl  of  Tanqueville,  one 
of  the  followers  of  the  fortunes  of  William  the  Bastard, 
Duke  of  Normandy,  who  invaded  England,  and  slew 
King  Harold  in  a  battle  which  decided  the  fate  of  the 
kingdom.  It  is  now  in  the  possession  of  a  descendant 
of  the  said  earl. 

^ "  As  the  English  barons  are  frequently  embroiled  in 
disputes  and  quarrels  with  the  sovereign,  and  with  each 
other,  they  take  the  precaution  of  building  strong  castles 
tar  their  residence,  with  high  towers  and  deep  moats 
surrounding  them,  and  strengthened  with  draw-bridges, 
posterns,  and  portcullises.  And  farther  to  enable  them- 
selves to  hold  out  for  a  considerable  length  of  time,  in 
case  they  should  happen  to  be  besieged,  they  make  a 
provision  of  victuals,  arms,  and  whatever  else  is  neces- 
sary for  the  purpose." 

The  foregoing  is  said  to  be  from  the  Letters  of 
Brimetto  Latini,  of  a  noble  Florentine  family. 
He  flourished  in  the  thirteenth  century,  and  died 
in  1294.     He  was  the  tutor  of  Dante. 

John  M.  Davenport. 
Oxford. 

Eric  Mackay,  Seventh  Lord  Reay. — It  is 
stated  in  Debrett's  Peerage  that  the  late  Sir  W.  M. 
Townshend  Farquhar  was  "  married  to  Erica 
Catherine,  daughter  of  the  seventh  Baron  Reay." 
Can  you  inform  me  to  whom  this  Lord  Reay  was 
mamed,  and  when  and  what  issue,  if  any,  re- 
sulted from  such  marriage  ?  It  is  generally  be- 
lieved that  he  died  unmarried  at  Goldings  in 
Hertfordshire,  in  1847,  when  he  was  succeeded  in 
the  title  by  his  brother  Alexander,  father  of  the 
present  or  ninth  Ijord  Reay.         John  Mackay. 

CoTTBT  OR  Manor  House. — What  is  the  proper 
meaning  of  the  word  court  as  opposed  to  manor- 
house  f  In  the  West  of  England  the  manor-house 
is  sometimes  called  the  court,  some  times  only  the 
house  or  manor-house.  In  other  parts  of  England 
the  manor-house  is  generally  called  the  hall.  In 
the  West  of  England  it  is  not  imcommon  to  hear 
the  farmyard  belonging  to  a  liouse  spoken  of  as 
the  court ;  and  the  rent-day  is  called  holding  the 
court.  This  latter  is  possibly  a  corruption  of 
holding  the  manorial  court,  which  would  very 
possibly  be  held  at  the  same  time.  From  the 
general  rule  being  to  call  the  manor-house  house, 
e,  g.  "  Blackncre  House,"  and  the  exception  being 
to  call  it  "  Whiteacre  Court,"  I  am  mclined  to 
think  that  there  may  be  some  difference  between 
house  and  court.  G.  W.  M. 

Melodies  to  Newman's  Songs.  —  Are  there 
any  melodies  composed  for  those  poems  of  Dr. 
Newman's  which,  in  his  recently-published 
volume,  are  called  Songs,  as  "  The  Watchman," 
"The  Pilgrim  Queen,"  and  several  others?  If 
there  are,  by  whom  are  they  written,  and  where 
can  they  be  obtained  ?  F.  H.  K. 

Quotations  wanted. — Whence  the  following 
Hoes,  which  occur  on  a  grave  (1819)  in  Bunhill 
fields  cemetery :  — 


"  Friends  part, 
*Ti8  the  survivor  dies." 

Cyril. 
"  At  subito  86  aperire  solum,  vastosque  recessus 
Pandere  sub  pedibus,  nigraque  voragine  fauces." 

Wm.  Pengkllt* 
Reference  wanted. — 

"  Mr.  Digby  Wyatt  says  that  *  Blanche  d'Artois,  wife 
of  Edmund  Earl  of  Lancaster,  who  [Blanche]  died  1302, 
and  whose  body  was  buried  at  Pans  and  her  heart  at 
Nogent  I'Arthaud,  is  commemorated  by  a  diminutive 
effigy  now  preserved  at  St.  Denis.' " 

Where  does  Mr.  Digbv  Wyatt  say  this  ?  What 
is  his  authority  for  each  of  the  three  assertions 
here  made,  viz.,  that  Blanche's  body  was  buried 
at  Paris ;  that  her  heart  was  interred  at  Nogent; 
and  that  an  effigy  of  her  is  preserved  at  St.  Denis  ? 

In  what  church  at  Paris  was  Blanche  buried  ? 
Is  any  effigy  of  her  now  at  St.  Denis  ?  I  saw  none 
there  in  1867,  when  I  made  a  careful  inspection 
of  the  cathedral  and  tombs.         Hermentrvdb. 

Sir  Thomas  SiiEFnELD. — ^Mr.  Newton,  in  his 
Travels  and  Discoveries  in  the  Levant,  vol.  ii.  p.  62, 
says  that : — 

^  Scattered  about  the  castle  are  the  arms  of  its  succes- 
sive captains,  ranging  from  1437  to  1522,  when  the  gar- 
rison surrendered  to  the  Turks.  Among  these  is  the 
name  of  a  well-known  English  knight.  Sir  Thomas  Shef- 
field, with  the  date  1514." 

This  person  was,  I  believe,  a  member  of  the 
family  of  Sheffield  of  Butterwyk  in  the  Isle  of 
Axholme.  Can  any  one  point  out  his  place  in  the 
pedigree  ?  The  head  of  the  family  was  raised  to 
the  peerage  in  the  first  year  of  Edward  VI.  in 
the  person  of  Sir  Edmond  Sheffield,  created 
Baron  Sheffield  of  Butterwyk.  Corntjb. 

Voltaire's  Mbdal  op  General  Washing- 
ton.— In  the  Journal  and  Letters  of  Samuel  Cur^ 
wen,  from  1776  to  1783  (Boston,  1864),  p.  204, 
this  passage  occurs : — 

"  April  20,  1778. — A  medal  has  latelv  been  struck  at 
Paris  by  order  of  Monsieur  Voltaire,  in  honor  of  General 
Washington.  On  one  side  is  the  bust  of  the  General,  with 
this  inscription :  '  G.  Washington,  Esq.,  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Continental- Army  in  America.'  The  reverse 
is  decorated  with  the  emblems  of  war  and  the  following : 
*  Washington  r^unit  par  un  assemblage 
Les  talens  du  guerrier  et  lesvertus  du  sage.**' 

Perhaps,  Mr.  Editor,  some  of  your  numerous 
contributors  may  know  whether  this  medal  of 
Washington  is  now  in  existence  or  not. 

John  Gordon. 

Brompton. 

Horace  Walpole. — Where  are  Walpole's 
manuscript  notes  on  Pennant^s  Londwi  deposited  ? 
I  find  them  quoted  in  John  Miller's  Fly-Leaves, 
1854.  J,  Yeowell. 

68,  Thornhill  Road,  Bamsbury. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


C^  S.  IT.  A.uoton  H,  '119. 


"VroLBT,  OB  THE  DAMSBnsE."— Cbq  anj  of 
jouT  coirespondents  give  aa;  inform Btion  as  to 
the  authorBhip  of  that  remarkable  novel,  Violet, 
or  the  Oanseuief  The  Times  of  Sept.  3,  1S62, 
aaji  that  it  was  first  published  "  about  a  quarter 
of  B  century  back  " ;  and  in  the  above  jear  Messrs. 
Boutledfte  reprinted  it  as  a  shilling  tallwa;  to- 
liime.  I  have  heard  vaeue  reports  of  its  having 
baen  written  by  a  daugnter  of  Lord  Brougham, 
occasionally  with  the  astounding  "tag"  of  her 
having  been  about  fifteen  years  of  age  when  she 
wrote  it !  This  incredibly  precocious  genius  is 
said  to  have  died  shortly  after  the  publication  of 
her  book.  There  are  few  modern  English  novels 
more  calculated  to  excite  the  interest  of  the  highest 
claas  of  readers ;  and  it  ia  well  to  mnko  this  in- 
quiry before  the  traces  of  its  authorship  become 
fainter  and  fainter.  D.  G.  B. 

[CoaBiderable  paioa  vera  taken  M  the  time  of  pablica- 
tioa  to  conceal  the  name  of  the  aatbor  of  Fw/((.  But 
there  ia  no  grDuiid  Tor  attributing  it  to  fttiss  Brougbam  ; 
and  aa  little  for  creililing  Lord  Lylton  with  the  author- 
abip,  aa  vaa  done  by  a  writer  ia  our  2'"'  S.  ii.  99.] 

Shaw  ihe  Lifb  Gcariwhajt.  —  What  is  be- 
come of  Shaw  the  Life  Ouardsman's  skull  P  I 
remember  hearing  Sir  Walter  Scott  sav  that  ho 
had  a  roaring  laugh  against  a  distinguiahed  phre- 
nologist to  whom  he  showed  the  skull,  ana  who 
declared  that  it  was  the  skull  of  "acoward."  Sir 
Walter  mentioned  to  whom  the  skull  had  belonged, 
and  was  answered,  tbat  there  were  other  develop- 
menta  which  he  had  not  at  first  observed,  and 
that  these  combiued  misht  represent  rourtige.  He 
was  rewarded  by  a  laugh  oa  loud  as  before. 

J.  B. 

{The  skall  of  Shan  the  Life  Guardsman  is  now  in  the 
Uuseum  at  Abbotsford.  Lockhart's  Life  of  Sir  Waller 
ScdA,  edit.  1S15,  p.  31T.  Shan  is  noticed  ia  "N.&Q." 
4'<'S.  iii.4li2,  S58;  iv.  138.] 

Fatrpax  Pediqkee. — In  Wbitaker'a  edition  of 
Thoresby's  Ducatm  Leodtnenns,  the  editor  states 
(p.  OS)  that  he  has  given  "  an  enlarged  and  cor- 
rected copy  "  of  the  Fairfax  pedigree  under  the 
parish  of  '■  Denton."  I  cannot  find  it  either  in  i 
the  above-quoted  work  or  in  Whitaker's  Loidis 
and  Etmete.  Are  the  many  copies  I  have  exa- 
mined incomplete,  or  was  the  pedigree  never 
issued  P  CoHNiTB. 

[The  omissiou  of  the  Fairfax  pedigree  under  "  Dcntoi 


New-made  Gentlewoman,"  and  others  of  the  same 
class  P  L.  X. 

[We  learn  from  Wm.  Chappell's  valuable  work,  Pcpt- 
lor  ^laic  of  ihr  Olden  Tiat  (i.  290),  which  our  oorre- 
■pondeat  should  coaault,  that  "the  tune  of '  B<Alnng  Joe,' 
or  '  Bobbing  Joan,'  irill  be  fonad  ia  every  edition  of  The 
Dancing  Matter !  iu  Maiici'i  Deli^  m  At  CSlArca, 
1666,  4c"] 

GoLDaiiiTH's  "  Eleot  ok  Madame  Blaize." — 
Can  you  give  me  the  little  French  ballad,  from 
which  it  is  said  Goldnnith  took  the  idea  of  thia 
elegy  ?  W.  H. 

[  The  "  Elegj-  on  Madame  Blaize,"  and  the  better  part 
of  that  oa  "The  Death  of  a  Had  Dog,"  are  closely  imi- 
tated from  a  well-known  atiing  at  abaardities  eaIled''La 
Chanson  du  famenx  la  Galiase,"  which  may  be  found  in 
the  Minagiana,  iii.  384,  edit.  1729,  where  it  makes  fifty 
quatrain  veraes.] 


Xtcylictf. 


NEW.\KK  ASD  STIRLING  PEEKAGEa 
(4'"  S.  iii.  575 ;  iv.  38, 104.) 

I  can  assure  Ds.  Rosers,  whose  coutributians 
I  always  read  with  interest,  that  no  reflection  waa 
intended  on  his  diligence.  A  friendly  warning 
was  all  that  I  meant  to  convev  against  hia  ven- 
turing into  the  >nare  magnum  of  Scotliah  peerage 
questions,  which  hut  ^w,  even  among  truned 
lawyers,  thoroughly  comprehend.  Let  him,  above 
all,  avoid  trusting'  in  these,  to  the  imuipporttd 
authority  of  Sir  Robei-t  DoueIbs. 

The  precitE  datp  of  Archbishop  Spottiawoode's 
death  is  probablv  stated  in  the  report  of  the 
trial  of  the  soi-disimt  Earl  of  Stirling  in  1839,  rf 
which  two  editions  were  published — onebythelAtfl 
W.B-  D.  D.  Tumbull,  Esq.,  Advocate,  the  other  1^ 
Professor  Swinton.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that 
Mr.  Riddcll  proved  hit  assertion  that  the  primkte 
was  dead  on  December  7,  1039  (the  day  of  tha 
pretended  regrnnt),by  reference  to  some  oiatuary 
record  on  which  reliance  could  be  placed;  while 
the  person  who  forged  the  regrant  may  hare 
fallen  into  the  unconsciously  prepared  trap — De- 
cember 27 — as  stuted  in  tCrawfurd'a  Officer»  of 
n  the  monument  or  toia]^ 


State.     I  have  n 


rsight  b! 


c  cdit< 


It  doe 


not  apjicnr  in  nnyeditioa  of  (he  do ctor'j  works 
consulted.] 

Ballad  Tcnes.  — Where  shall  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing: "Digby'a  Farewel,"  "Bobbing  Jone," 
"  A  Shepherd  a  Daughter  once  there  was,"  "  The 


stated,  ns  a  matter  of  curiosity  merely.  As  Dr. 
Johnson  said,  a  man  is  not  upon  oath  in  such 
inscriptions,  and  they  are  certainly  not  absolute 
evidence  of  any  contested  fact.  The  last  notice  I 
have  been  able  to  find  of  Spottiswoode  in  the 
limited  circle  of  authorities  to  which  I  have  at 

f resent  access,  is,  tbat  he  was  alive  on  Aug.  11, 
()39,  when  he  and  six  other  Scottish  bishopa 
aigned  the  "Declinator"  of  the  authori^  of  t£e 
"  pretended  "  assembly  at  Glasgow  in  the  pn- 


4«k  S.  IV.  August  28,  '69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


177 


ceding  year,  by  which  they  had  been  illegally 
deposed.  This  much-vilitied  churchman  was,  in 
one  respect,  far  in  advance  of  his  Presbyterian 
opponents.  The  parish  church  of  Dairsie,  built 
by  him  on  his  estate  in  Fifeshire,  still  bears  wit- 
ness to  his  desire  to  introduce  a  style  of  architec- 
ture more  befitting  the  worship  of  God  than  the 
hideous  structures  which,  till  our  day,  have  su- 
perseded the  noble  creations  of  mediaeval  archi- 
tects, and  fully  justified  Andrew  Fairservice's 
remark^  ''  that  the  dog-kennel  at  Osbaldiston 
Hall  was  better  than  mony  a  house  o'  God  in 
Scotland."  Anglo-Scotus. 

P.S.  Mr.  Irving,  hasting  to  the  fray  (p.  119), 
falls  into  difficulties.  My  remarks  applied  to  a 
case,  which  he  evidently  has  overlooKed,  raised 
by  the  Stirling  claimant  against  the  King's  Ad- 
Tocate  and  W.  C.  C.  Grahame  of  Gartmore,  to 
prove  the  tenor  of  the  asserted  regrant  in  1639, 
decided  by  the  Court  of  Session  on  March  2, 
1833  (see  Shaw  &  Dunlop's  Reports),  while 
Mr.  Irving  is  evidently  quoting  from  ih-Qpseudo- 
earFs  trial  for  forgery  in  1839.  Even  here  he  is 
quite  wrong;  for  the  forged  document,  though 
lor  good  and  obvious  reasons  not  produced  in  this 
case  hy  the  claimant,  having  been  previously  im- 
pounded by  the  crown,  was  produced  against 
him,  and  will  be  found  in  Mr.  TumbulPs  Report, 
pp.  26-30.  It  is,  btrictly  speaking,  merely  the 
warrant  for  the  regrant  or  novodamus  from  the 
crown,  but  the  latter  is  always  substantially  the 
echo  of  the  former. 

Few  persons  will  agree  with  Mr.  Irving  that 
it  is  a  less  fatal  blunder  to  make  a  dead  man  wit- 
ness a  deed,  than  merely  to  style  him  by  an  office 
he  had  resigned ;  and  I,  for  one,  should  be  glad 
to  hear  how  he  would  get  over  the  former  diffi- 
culty. It  would  certainly  require  considerable 
ingenuity ! 

Lastly,  if  he  consults  (as  he  might  more  fre- 
quently do,  thus  saving  his  own  limited  leisure 
and  our  space )  lliddell's  Peergge  and  Consistorial 
Laic,  1842  (pp.  293,  343),  he  will  see  that  gen- 
tleman was  "  engaged  in  the  case  for  the  crown  " 
[in  1833]  to  use  his  own  words,  and  also  claimed 
the  discovery  of  the  blunder  regarding  the  dead 
archbishop's  name  in  the  testing  clause  of  the 
fabricated  warrant.  It  is  therefore  presumed 
that  Mr.  Irving's  doubts  will  now  be  set  at  rest. 
He  was  not  "  walking  the  boards  "  of  the  Outer 
House  when  the  Stirling  claimant  first  made  his 
d^but  in  1832  or  shortly  before. 


JXO.  DAVERS  :  JNO.  DENXYS. 

(4^»^  S.  iv.  91.) 

It  really  seems  probable  that  John  Dennys  is 
feted  never  to  come  to  his  lights,  whether  it  be 
Mend  or  foe  that  takes  up  the  pen  about  him.  It 
appears  from  a  pedigree  of  the  Dennys  family 


furnished  to  Mr.  Westwood  by  the  Ret.  H.  N. 
Ellacombe  of  Bitton  (and  published  by  Mb. 
Westwood  in  "N.  &  Q."  3'<>  S.  xii.  456,  which 
I  most  foolishly  overlooked),  that  a  John  Dennys, 
not  a  younger  son  but  a  grandson  of  the  Sir  Walter 
Dennys  who  married  Agnes  Davers,  was  most  pro- 
bably the  author  of  the  Secrets  of  Angling.  This 
John  Dennys  married  Eleanor  Millet,  and,  dying  in 
1609,  was  "buried  at  Pucklechurch.  This  opinion 
is  strengthened  by  R.  J.  (Roger  Jackson),  the 
publisher  of  the  poem,  who  says  in  the  dedica- 
tion that — 

"  This  poem  being  sent  vnto  me  to  be  printed  after  the 
death  of  the  author,  who  intended  to  have  done  it  in  his 
fife,  but  waa  preuented  by  death,"  &c,  &c. 

The  Ret.  H.  T.  Ellacombe,  who  lives  on  the 
banks  of  the  Boyd,  has  also  favoured  me  with 
some  local  intelligence.  Toghill  is  not  a  parish,  but 
merely  a  hill,  upon  which  one  branch  of  the  Den- 
nys had  a  house.  The  Boyd  does  not  debouch  at 
Keynsham,  but  at  Ferris  bridge,  three  quarters  of 
a  mile  off.  It  is  no  longer  a  pleasing  nvulet,  but 
a  nasty  evil-smelling  stream,  caused  by  the  refuse 
of  a  paper-mill.  William  Pinkebton. 

Hounslow. 


As  a  descendant  of  the  Dennises  of  Puckle- 
church may  I  be  allowed  to  call  in  question  the 
accuracy  of  Sir  Harris  Nicolas  in  the  quotation 
made  from  him  P  In  it  he  calls  a  John  Dennys 
the  author  of  the  Secrets  of  Angling^  and  states 
that  he  was  a  younger  son  of  Sii*  Walter  Dennys, 
of  Pucklechurch,  by  a  daughter  of  Sir  Robert 
Danvers,  or  Davers.  The  latter  part  of  this 
statement  appears  to  me  improbable,  having  re- 
gard to  chronology.  A  pedigree  in  my  possession 
says  that  Sir  Walter  Dennys  of  Alveston,  Siston, 
and  Dyrham,  which  estates  respectively  came  into 
his  family  through  the  heiresses  of  Fitzwarine, 
Corbet,  and  Ruosel,  fought  on  the  Lancastrian 
side,  was  taken  prisoner  at  Redemore,  near  Bos- 
worth,  and  had  to  pay  a  great  ransom,  *'  his  life 
being  saved  through  his  youngest  son,  John,  then 
in  the  service  of  Kihg  Henrjr  VIL"  This  Sir 
Walter  Dennys  married  four  times,  but  had  no 
children  by  any  of  his  wives,  excepting  the  second 
one,  who  was  Agnes,  the  daughter  and  coheiress 
of  Sir  Robt.  Danvers,  or  Davers,  a  Justice  of  the 
Common  Pleas,  who  died  1467.  Sir  Walter  died 
Sept  1,  1505.  His  third  and  youngest  son,  the 
above-mentioned  John  Dennys,  or  Dennis,  was 
settled  in  the  parish  of  Pucklechurch,  and  died,  I 
believe,  in  1521.  The  Harleian  MS.  1543,  f.  75, 
shows  that  this  Jno.  Dennis  had  a  great-great- 
grandson,  Jno.,  "  sixteen  years  of  age  1623." 
Though  I  think  there  is  a  mistake  here,  and  that 
the  boy  was  ten  years  younger,  the  lapse  of  three 
generations  is  sumcient  to  carry  back  the  John 
Dennis,  or  Dennys,  whom  Sir  Harris  Nicolas 
makes  to  have  been  the  author  of  the  Secrets  of 


178 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [4tb  a  rr.  august  w,  w. 


Angling^  to  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth  century. 
The  last  mentioned  John  Dennis  had^  however,  a 
grandson,  John  Dennis,  of  Pucklechurch,  who 
died  August  7,  1609.  who,  I  think  it  is  more 
probahle,  was  the  author  of  the  work  in  question. 
In  my  pedigree,  which  is  a  full  one,  I  find  no 
John  Davers,  or  Danvers,  related  to  these  Dennises. 
As  Agnes  Danvers,  the  great-grandmother  of  the 
John  Dennis  whom  I  take  to  be  the  author  of  the 
Secrets  of  Angling,  had  no  brothers,  I  do  not 
think  that  the  latter  could  have  been  more  nearly 
related  to  John  Davers  than  as  a  third  cousin. 

H.  B.  ToMiONS. 
New  University  Club. 


GEORGE  BUCHANAN'S  LATIN  PSALMS. 

(4»>»  S.  iii.  192,  298.) 

I  beg  leave  to  trouble  you  with  a  few  addi- 
tional Horatian  lines  in  these  Psalms.  The  late 
Sir  William  Hamilton,  who  had,  as  is  well  known, 
an  extensive  knowledge  of  modem  Latinists,  at 
one  time  contemplated  a  Life  and  a  new  edition 
of  Buchanan^s  Poetical  Works,  on  which  he  be- 
stowed considerable  labour.  His  copy  of  Bu- 
chanan is  said  to  be  very  rich  in  notes  and  parallel 
passages  from  the  classics  and  modem  writers. 
Although  the  work  is  not  completed,  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  labours  of  Sir  William  in  this 
field  will  not  be  lost  to  the  world.  It  has  been 
well  observed  in  the  Saturday  Review  of  Mav  22, 
1869  (p.  683),  that  ^'  his  acquirements  as  a  scholar 
and  a  man  of  leaming  were  unequalled  in  this 
country  in  our  time." 


M 


Qaod  vivo  et  valeo,  tatas  et  hostium 
A  fraude,  eximia  fulgeo  gloria : 
Quod  late  validis  impero  gentibus, 
Totum  muneris  id  tui  est." — Ps.  cxliv.  2. 

*'  Totnm  muneris  hoc  tui  est. 

Quod  monstror  digito  praetereuntium 
Romanie  fidicen  Ivne : 
Quod  jipiro  et  placeo,  si  placeo,  tuum  est*' 

Carm,  iv.  3,  21. 

"  Tu  me  si  placido  lumine  videris 
Cedent  tristitiai  nubUa." — Ps.  xlii.  8. 

"  Tu  nos  si  placido  lumine  videris 
Cedent  continuo  caetera  prospere." 

P$,  Ixxx.  3,  7, 19. 

*'  Quem  tu,  Melpomene,  semel, 

Nasccntem  placido  lumine  videris, 
Ilium  non  labor  Isthmius 
Clarabit  pugilem." — Carm.  iv.  3, 1. 

"  Si  fractus  illabatur  orbis, 
Incolumis  fugiet  ruinam." — P$.  cxxv.  1. 

•*  Si  fractus  illabi^nr  orbis, 
Irapavidum  fericnt  ruinae." — Carm.  iii.  3,  7. 

"  Vitae  0  pracsidiura  et  certa  sains  meae." 

Pa,  xl.  17. 

Vitae  O  praesidium  meae." — P$.  xliii.  2. 

**  0  et  praesidium  et  dulce  decus  meum.*' 

Carm,  i.  1,  2. 


« O  quis  altos 

Nubium  in  tractns  celeri  columba^ 
Me  levet  penna !  " — Pa,  Iv.  6. 

**  Mnlta  Dircaeum  levat  aura  cycnum, 
Teudit,  Antoni,  quoties  in  altos 
Nubium  tractus." — Carm.  iv,  2,  25. 

'*  Interque  laudes  mentibus  purls  manna 
Ccelo  supinas  tollite.*' — Pa.  cxxxiv.  2. 

**  Coelo  supinas  si  tuleris  man  us.*'— Cbrm.  iii.  23,  t.. 

For  the  occurrence  of  these  lines  and  expres- 
sions, the  depth  and  extent  of  Buchanan's  scholar- 
ship itself  may  be  urged  as  a  sufiicient  reason^ 
and  every  reader  of  these  Psalms  will  admire  the 
skill  with  which  he  has,  as  it  were,  woven  them 
into  his  own  elegant  verses.  The  censorious  may 
console  themselves  with  Martial's  question  — 

"  Nostris  versibns  esse  te  poctam, 
Fidentine,  putas,  cupisque  credi  ?  '* — i.  xxxiii. 

But  the  "carrying  off"  must  take  place  on  a 
much  larger  scale,  in  order  to  justify  its  applica- 
tion in  I3uchanan's  case.  While  on  this  subject 
it  may  be  noted  that,  curiously  enough,  the  same 
expression  which  Buchanan  uses  in  two  of  his 
Psalms  has  occurred  to  Mr.  Gladstone,  and  la 
made  use  of  by  him  in  his  translation  of  Top* 
lady's  hymn,  "  Kock  of  Ages  " :  — 

<'  While  I  draw  this  fleeting  breath ; 
When  my  eye-strings  break  in  death." — Toplady^ 

"  Dum  hos  artus  Vita  regit ; 
Quando  nox  sepulchro  tegit'* 

Mr.  Gladstone's  Translatinnaf  1868, 
2nd  edit  p.  199  (Quaritch). 

**  Hunc  ego,  dum  vivam,  dum  spiritus  hos  reget  artna 
Usque  colam." — Pa,  civ.  33. 

" artus  dum  regit 

Vitalis  aune  spiritus." — Pa.  xxvii.  4. 

K.  Meuxb. 

Willow  Bank,  Manchester. 


EXPLANATIONS   WANTED    OF    OLD   FRENCH 

WORDS. 

(4*^  S.  iv.  9(5.) 

The  following  remarks  may  help  to  elucidate 
some  of  these  words.  Others  appear  for  the  pre- 
sent inscrutable : — 

Oure. — *'  Al  accomplissement  del  owe  del  dite 
esglise."  The  modem  French  osuvre  was  in  the 
fourteenth  century  uvre,  as  a  Norman  woid.  It 
admitted  of  contraction  into  ure  (cf.  our  Engliak 
manure),  and  of  phonetic  interpretation  as  aure. 
The  only  other  word  which  could  have  had  the 
same  form  is  hur'e,  ure  (heure),  which  was  aJso 
occasionally  oure, 

Arssons, — This  is  an  admissible  plural  of  ar^(mf 
ar^n,  the  saddle-bow,  from  arc, 

JEsmatlles. — Enamels,  connected  apparently  with 
an  old  Teutonic  root,  «ma/^an  =£nglish  smeU, 
or  melt.  (The  difference  between  a  Spanish  saddle 
and  an  English  one  I  cannot  explain.) 


4«k  S.  IV.  August  28/69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


179 


Amosuoient — "  Un  estrange  bargeman  qui  nous 
amasuoient  de  Lambeth."  After  a  little  puzzling 
I  perceived  that  this  odd-looking  word  must  have 
been  intended  for  amoimoiet,  from  amoisner,  an 
old  form  of  amesner  or  amenej-,  to  bring  or  con- 
duct— a  meaning  which  just  suits  the  passage. 
After  all,  the  plural  is  used  blunderingly  for  the 
singular.  Perhaps,  however,  (nc7it  may  have  been 
misread  for  outy  which  would  be  the  proper  Nor- 
man form. 

Deymes. — This  is  no  doubt  the  true  Norman 
form  of  dawij  from  dama,  a  fallow  deer. 

Aysshelers, — This  curious  word  has  long  been 
the  torment  of  etymologists.  In  modern  English 
we  meet  with  it  as  ashlar  or  ashler^  which  is  ex- 

Slained  as,  large  blocks  of  stone  squared  for 
uilding  ashlar-worky  meaning  work  faced  with 
SQch  stones.  It  has  not  been  observed  that  ashlar 
is  a  dialectic  form  of  eshler^  which  seems  to  be 
Anglicised  from  dcheUe;  so  that  asJUar-work  is 
really  laddcr-xoork.  The  propriety  of  the  applica- 
tion will  bo  obvious  at  a  glance  to  one  who  knows 
how  this  architectural  term  is  applied.  The  ay 
in  the  above  word  represents  the  initial  e.  The 
interchange  of  the  Norman  forms  paisj  paySj  pees, 
pes,  &c.  for  j;trtce  sulHciently  illustrates  the 
point. 

Ileuses. — *'  Les  houses  de  la  nouvelle  sale," 
means,  the  doors  of  the  new  hall.  Ileuse  is  a 
variant  of  hxics^  htiisj  uis,  tts  (whence  the  French 
htdssier  and  our  usher)  ^  from  osti'utn, 

Escroitz. — *'  Deux  baldekyns  escroiiz.''^  I  be- 
lieve I  must  give  this  word  up  unless  it  can  be  a 
corruption  of  erroissij  broken  or  cracked,  from 
which  by  a  normal  interchange  of  oi  and  u  we  get 
our  word  crush. 

Luk. — **  Pour  le  pois  et  le  Ink  et  le  faceon." 
Whether  the  patois  word  luquer  or  louquer,  to 
look  at,  still  heard  in  Normandy,  was  derived 
from  England,  or  the  English  word  from  the 
Norman,  it  would  be  difficult  to  decide.  It  ap- 
pars  to  me,  however,  that  luk  above  is  really 
intended  for  look,  but  I  cannot  assert  it  positively. 

Gaudes. — **  Gaudes  d'or."  This  Norman  word 
(derived  from  gaudium)  was  doubtless  the  same 
as  the  English  one  (jaude  (ornament,  embellish- 
ment), which  occurs  in  Chaucer  and  elsewhere. 

Oelez  et  hachez. — "  Deux  hanaps  dor  ove  cou- 
vercles  oelez  et  hachez  de  diverses  corones,  egles 
et  lyons." — The  first  word  appears  to  be  from  the 
Norman  oel  or  uel,  equal,  similar ;  and  the  latter 
from  hnclun\  an  art-term,  which  we  preserve  in 
'^  cross-hatching  " ;  meaning,  of  old,  to  engrave  in 
general.  Littre  gives  an  apt  quotation  of  the 
fourteenth  century :  "  TJn  petit  probelet  d*or 
bachie  a  couronnes  tout  autour."  We  see,  then, 
that  the  passage  from  the  MS.  might  be  trans- 
lated :  "  Two  golden  tankards  with  similar  covers 
engraved  with  various  crowns,  eagles,  and  lions." 

Sorrez. — This  is  a  contraction,  without  doubt, 


of  mrorezy  gilt — a  verb  which  may  be  found  in 
Kelham's  Norman  Dictionary. 

Babunrie. — Much  the  same  as  baboonery  of  the 
present  day. 

Soule  dor. — Soule  may  be  a  primitive  French 
form  of  8ol  The  common  word  soleil  is  a  deriva- 
tive of  soliculus.  SoulCy  however,  theoretically 
from  sol,  cannot  be  traced. 

Botrass\ — Probably  for  boteriaus,  toads. 

Braces. — ^For  h-as,  arms. 

BoUe. — A  bowl. 

Mof. — Possibly  for  moi,  or  mwt,  a  measure,  from 
modius. 

Could  Hebmentkude  conveniently  let  me  see. 
the  MS.  ?  J.  Payne. 

4,  Kildare  Gardens. 


CUNINGHAM. 
(4»'>  S.  iv.  62  et  antk.) 

1  am  sorry  to  find  that  I  have  given  unnecessary 
trouble  to  Lspedare  by  confining  my  remarks  to 
the  radical  words  of  which  this  territorial  name 
is  compounded.  I  might  quite  as  easily  have  re- 
ferred to  the  adjective  form  Cycling,  but  to  give 
the  sense  of  a  royal  race  it  would  be  necessary  to 
add  an  additional  syllable,  making  it  Cyning  cyn, 
I.  e.  the  royal  kin. 

The  suggestion  that  the  name  may  have  ori- 
ginated in  Cunningham  having  been  the  abode  of 
the  "  old  British  kinglets  of  Strathclyde  "  is  most 
ingenious,  but  I  am  afraid  it  will  not  stand  inves- 
tigation. 

The  inhabitants  of  Strathclyde  were  a  Celtic 
tribe,  speaking  one  of  the  numerous  dialects  of 
that  race.  Of  this  we  have  an  authentic  example 
in  the  great  historical  poem  of  the  Gododin,  in 
which  the  word  for  king  is  reen.  Thus,  in  stanza 
thirty-six  we  have  the  expression  "sellovir  reen/' 
which  Count  Th.  Hersart  de  la  Villemarqu^  in  hia 
Poemes  des  Bardes  Bretons  du  VI  Sihcle  (pp.  53(L 
Rennes,  1860),  translates  Boi  des  Selgoviens,  I 
need  scarcely  add  that  the  Count  is  confessedly  the 
leading  authority  on  all  ancient  Celtic  dialects. 

Although  I  am  quite  convinced  of  the  correct- 
ness of  the  canon  that  you  cannot  combine  two- 
distinct  languages  in  a  name,  it  is  open  to  apparent 
exceptions  which,  when  examined,  are  found  to 
support  it.  Names  are  always  traceable  to  the 
individual  language  spoken  at  the  time  they  were 
introduced,  which,  according  to  the  date,  might 
be  derived  from  one  or  more  roots.  I  remember 
one  instructive  instance  of  this  of  a  very  modem 
date.  It  is  a  house  in  the  county  of  Lanark,  which 
is  known  as  "  Clyde-side  Villa  " — a  designation 
which  combines  Celtic,  Saxon,  French,  or  perhapa 
rather  Italian  elements,  but  all  of  which  are  cur- 
rent in  the  English  of  the  present  day. 

If  EsPEDABE  will  be  80  good  as  furnish  exam- 


180 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES.         [t"  8.  iv.  Arom  je,  ••> 


pies  of  hia  p!eoita»tna,  I  shall  hare  the  grenteat 
pleaauie  in  considering  them. 

In  concluBion,  I  ahould  rather  object  to  Espb- 
DASE  referrine;  to  the  Acta  of  the  Scotch  Parlia- 
menta  publiehed  by  the  royal  commission  as 
TSonuton'j  Scots  Acts.  No  doubt  that  learned 
gentleman  bore  the  heaviest  putt  of  the  labour, 
but  unfortunately  he  was  unable  to  complete  the 
first Tol lime,  which  waspubliahed  many  years  after 
the  other  tea,  although  he  had  collected  materials 
for  the  purpose.  It  was  edited  by  Mr.  Cosmo 
Imiea,  who,  in  the  preface  (p.  50),  atates  Berialim 
the  portions  for  whith  he  is  responsible,  and  gives 
n  list  of  those  which  his  predecessor  had  pre- 
Tiously  sent  to  the  press.  Among  the  former  are 
the  Appendix  Actorum  PuhUcoram  Regis  Johanaif, 
pp.  06--90', 

The  question  to  what  eitent  the  great  barons, 
on  receiving  their  grants,  diapf)S8eMed  the  whole 
or  miMt  part  of  the  old  resident  proprietary,  and 
settled  idien  followers  of  their  own,  is  a  most 
Interesting  and  complicated  one.  I  possess  some 
vetT  curious  notes  on  the  subject  which  I  shall 
look  over,  and  as  soon  aa  I  nm  able  will  take  an 
opportnnity  of  submitting  thera  in  the  pages  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  George  Vehe  Ibving, 


CUOWSICD  IIE.4.US  UARRriNG  SISTERS. 


(4"'  S 


r.  05.) 


Duke  (afterwards,  in  consequence  of  the  Con- 
jfress  of  Vienna,  1815,  Grand-Doke)  Carl  (Lud- 
wig  Friedrich)  of  Meckleaburg-Strelitz  (bora 
1741,  died  1816),  married  two  rasters,  daugV' — 
of  the  Laodgrave  George  Wilhelm  of  Hi 
Darmstadt'— (1)  in  17&,  Friederike  Carolme 
Luise  (boro  1752,  died  1782) ;  and  (3),  in  1784, 
Cbarlotto  Wilhelmine  Christiano  Marie  (born 
1765,  died  1785).  By  his  first  conaort  the  grand- 
duke  had  ten  children,  five  of  whom  died  aa 
infants  (the  then  duchess  died  in  consequence  of 
her  confinement  of  ft  princess).  By  his  second  con- 
sort ho  bad  but  one,  Carl,  Duke  of  Mecklenburg 
(bom  1785,  died  1837),  a  prince  who  played  some 
part  in  the  history  of  Prussia.  The  surviving 
children  of  his  first  marriage  were :  the  Duehess 
of  SaM-IIUdburpbausen  (bom  1700,  died  1818); 
tbe  Princess  of  Tiium  and  Taxis  (bom  1773,  died 
1830) ;  the  famous  Queen  J^uisa  of  Prussia  (bort 
1776,  died  1810) ;  the  Queen  Friederike  of  Han- 
over (born  1778,  died  1841).  She  was  married 
three  times — (1)  to  the  Prince  Liidwig  of  Prussia, 
who  died  in  17flU;  (2)  to  the  Prince  of  Solms- 
Brsunfels,  who  died  in  1814;  and  (3)  to  Emeat- 
Augustus,  Duke  of  Cumberland,  afterwards  King 
of  Hanover,  who  died  in  1851)  ;  and  George, 
Grand-Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz  (bom  1779, 
died  1800).  (  Vide  "  N.  &  Q."  4"'  S.  ii.  604.)  The 
son  of  Grand-Duke  George  is  the  present  Orand- 


Duke  Friedrich  Wilhelm  (bom  1819,  succeaded- 
1860),  who  marriejl  in  1843  Augusta  Caroline 
(bom  1822),  daughter  of  the  late  Doke  of  Cam- 
bridge ;  issue,  one  son,  the  present  Erbi/rossherzog 
(bora  1848).  (Vide  Stamm-Ta/ei  des  Grouher- 
togiicketi  Jlaaeea  Mecklenburg  (in)  GroishenogUch 
Mecklenburg -StreUtsischer  Staati-Kaleniier  fiir 
1809.) 

Marriages  with  the  deceased  wife's  sister  are 
vary  common  and  very  popular  in  Germany,  it 
being  considered  quite  the  right  thing  for  the  hue- 
band  to  give  to  Bis  children  the  best  and  most 
natural  step-mother  by  marrying  bis  sieter-in- 
law.  I  can  weU  understand  that  a  man  will  never, 
never  think  of  marrying  his  mother 'in-law,  and 
do  not  see  any  reasons  whatsoever  why  the  Church 
of  England  should  forbid  this,  but  to  Germans  it 
seems  to  be  almost  understood  that  the  husband, 
in  case  of  the  death  of  his  wife,  should  many 
his  sister-in-law.  Such  marriages  hsve  almost 
always  been  very  happy  ones,  and  have  diminished 
the  "  shame  and  blame  "  attached  to  the  name  of 
step-mother.  IIubmans  Kikdt. 


I  am  not  sure  that  I  quite  understand  C.  H.  M. 
Does  ho  want  only  instances  of  two  sisters  marry- 
ing two  (unconnected  in  blood)  crowned  beads,  or 
does  he  want  instances  of  two  brothers  of  any 
royal  family  marrying  two  sisters  'f' 

The  first  state  of  things  will  be  found  in  the 
families  ensuing:  — Eli/abeth  of  Bavaria  (Duchy) 
married  Francis  Joseph,  Kmperor  of  Austria ;  hw 
sister  Marie  married  Francesco,  King  of  N^aplea. 
Saxony;  Eliiabeth  married  Ferdinando,  Duke  cJ 
Genoa ;  Anna,  Ferdinando  Duke  of  Tuscany ;  Mar- 
garethe,  Carl  Ludwig  of  .Vustria ;  Sophie,  Car!  of 
Bavaria.  A  very  little  study  of  the  Almanack  rfe 
GMa  will  help  C.  H.  M.  to  hoals  more  of  in- 
stances of  this  class, 

The  second  kind  of  nlliance  is  much  rarer.  The 
only  instances  which  I  know  in  distinguished 
families  are:  Francesco,  King  of  Naples,  nnd  bis 
brother  Luigi,  married  Maria  and  Matdlde  ot 
Bavaria;  the  present  King  of  Prussia,  and  hie 
brother  Carl,  married  Auguste  and  Louise  of 
Sase  Weimar;  Caroline  and  Louise  of  Hesse 
Ilomburg  both  married  princes  of  RudoIstadL 
There  are  several  instances  of  princes  marrying 
each  other's  sisters,  and  one  in  which  two  sietere 
have  married  the  same  man  —  August  Duke  of 
Oldenburg  to  Adelieid  and  Ida  of  Anholt  Bera- 
hurg  Schaumburg.  Hekmkktrtte. 

[•  We  are  Informed  by  C.  H.  M.  that  ha  intended  to 
ask  for  instsncM  of  anv  crownud  head  m«rr^■ilUI  tw» 
siatcn.— En.  "S.  &  (}-■'] 


4«i  S.  IV.  August  28,  '69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


181 


HORAT..  CARM.  I.  xxvin. 
(4*'»  S.  iv.  112.) 

I  respectfully  submit  that  Mr.  Keightley  has 
failed  to  prove  his  case.  Let  us  take  his  state- 
ments as  they  come.  He  describes  the  ode,  and 
rightly,  as  "  a  dialogue  between  a  shipmaster  and 
the  departed  spirit  of  the  Pythagorean  philosopher 
Archytas."  He  says  also  that  it  is  "  amcebsBic." 
To  this,  however,  I  demur.  For  I  discover  in  it 
no  similarity  to  the  5th  and  8th  idyls  of  Theo- 
critus, or  to  the  3rd  and  7th  eclogues  of  Virgil. 
Dialogue  merely  is  not  sufficient  to  form  a  car- 
men  amcebceurn.  The  true  definition  of  it  is: 
"Cujus  haec  lex  est,  ut  qui  posterior  dicit,  pri- 
orem  vincat,  magis  aliquid  subjiciendo," — a  law 
strictly  observed  in  the  poems  already  mentioned, 
as  also  in  the  ode  of  Horace  beginning  "  Donee 
gratus  eram  tibi "  (Lib.  iii.  Carra.  9.) ;  but  not, 
as  far  as  I  can  see,  in  this  under  consideration. 

Of  the  fifth  stanza— the  offending  one — Mr. 
Kkightley says  it  is  "superfluous"  ;  being,  as  he 
asaerts,  a  repetition  of  something  already  said. 
This  I  do  not  see.  But  what  I  do  see  is  this :  — 
The  mariner  having  shown,  by  some  illustrious 
examples,  that  no  station  is  so  exalted  as  to  shield 
its  subject  against  the  stroke  of  death,  proceeds, 
in  a  very  natural  way,  to  other  reflections  con- 
nected with  the  subj  ect :  such  as  the  causes  by 
which  men  meet  their  end,  instancing  particularly 
war  and  shipwreck — "accident  by  flood  and  field  ; 
that  no  penod  of  life  can  count  upon  indulgence, 
for,  "  Mista  senum  ac  juvenum  densentur  funera," 
and  that  vdih  the  inexorable  goddess,  the  arbiter 
of  mortal  fate,  is  no  respect  of  persons,  but,  as 
is  said  of  another,  "  a^quo  pulsat  pede  pauperum 
tabemas  Regumque  turres." 

A  word  as  to  the  alleged  plagiarisms  from  later 
poets.  After  condemning  the  stanza  wholesale  as 
not  Horatian,  but  the  work  of  some  GraminaticiiSy 
and  "  smacking  of  other  authors,"  "  the  last  line," 
he  goes  on  to  say,  '*  evidently  alludes  to  the  death 
of  Dido  in  the  ^'EneUy  But  why  so  ?  I  would 
ask.  When  Virgil,  in  Book  iv.  iS\)^,  writes  (the 
reference  I  presume  intended)  — 

"  Nondum  illi  flavum  Proserpina  vertice  crinem 
Abstulcrat,  Stygioque  caput  damnavertit  Oreo,"— 

he  was  only  referring  to  the  popular  mythology, 
according  to  which,  "no  one  could  die,  if  the 
goddess  herself,  or  Atropos  her  minister,  did  not 
cut  off  one  of  the  hairs  from  the  head."  And 
surely  it  cannot  be  doubted  that  Horace  was  every 
bit  as  well  up  in  mythology  as  Virgil,  and  would 
be  as  well  able  and  as  likely  to  draw  upon  it, 
whenever  it  might  answer  his  purpose  to  do  so. 

That  the  use  of  tlie  verhfugit  is  either  "strange," 
or  "  almost  ludicrous,"  or  that  it  wjls  suggested  to 
the  mind  of  any  one  by  that  of  its  compound 
refugit  in  the  "  passage  of  Lucan's  Pharsalia  (ii. 
75),"  I  cannot  allow.     I  rather  see  in  this  use  of 


it — ^not  a  common  one,  I  admit — a  very  peculiar 
force  and  beauty.  The  latent  idea  in  fugw  is  one 
of  dread,  or  shrinking  from.  But  Proserpine,  so 
far  from  being  influenced  by  any  such  feelings  as 
these,  in  the  execution  of  her  oflice,  "mulum 
caput  fugit,"  be  he  even  as  far  above  ordinary 
mortals  as  were  Tantalus,  Minos,  and  Pythagoras. 

Begging  to  apologise  for  the  length  of  this 
reply,  I  will  only  say  in  conclusion  that  I  must 
still  hold  by  the  disputed  stanza  as  Horace's  own, 
and  not  "  as  being  a  gift  bestowed  on  the  poet  by 
the  generosity  of  the  interpolator" — at  least,  till 
better  advised. 

I  observe  that  in  the  Oxford  edition,  published 
by  John  Henry  and  James  Parker,  1857,  tne  speech 
of  Archytas  is  made  to  begin  at  line  7 :  *'  Occidit 
et  Pelopis,"  &c.  To  my  mind,  the  17th  epode 
mi^ht,  with  as  much  propriety,  be  called  *^  amoe- 
bseic  "  as  this  28th  ode. 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Rectory.  • 


"De  Comiths  Atheniensittm  "  (4*'»  S.  iv.  157.) 
The  author  of  this  work  was  G.  F.  Schomann, 
formerly  Professor  of  Ancient  Literature  in  the 
University  of  Greifswald.  An  English  translation 
was  published  in  London  (Whittaker  and  Co.) 
some  years  ago.  Fb.  Nobgate. 

The  Oath  op  the  Cock  (4*^*  S.  iii.  470.) — Is 
not  Seta-Aioun  Six  Springs,  and  not  Seven  P 

Hyde  Clabke. 

Hebaldto  (4***  S.  iv.  127.) — There  is  no  con- 
tradiction between  the  extracts  from  Feme,  given 
by  G.  W.  M.  (iii.  539)  and  myself  (iv.  j54).  The 
maxim,  "Mariti  non  acquirunt  nobilitatem  ex 
parte  uxorum,"  applies  only  to  the  husband  and 
father,  and  has  no  bearing  upon  the  question  as  to 
what  is  allowed  in  virtue  of  descent  maternally. 
Again,  my  statement  had  reference  to  the  courtesy 
of  heraldry,  not  to  its  law.  And  as  I  had  no 
reason  to  expect  these  two  dissimilar  things  would 
be  confounded,  I  said  no  more  than  I  judged  to 
be  requisite  to  convey  Feme's  meaning,  adding 
the  page  where  the  particulars  occur.  TBut  as  it 
is  thought  that  I  have  misrepresented  the  author, 
I  will  now  ask  you  to  find  room  for  the  following, 
on  which  my  statement  was  based.  It  will  be 
seen  that  the  additional  quotation  given  by 
G.  W.  M.  adds  nothing  to  it :  — 

"  Notwithstanding,  this  curtesie  hath  the  law  of  Armes, 
or  rather  but  custome  shewed  iu  this  case,  that  if  a  gen- 
tlewoman of  bload  or  coat-armour  marj^eth  a  hnsbande 
wanting  both  those,  and  hath  issue  by  him  a  sonne,  her 
Sonne  yet  may,  for  his  life  time,  beare  her  coate,  with  his 
difference  of  cinquefoile  (as  a  note  of  his  demie  gentry) : 
*  Quia  partus  sequitur  ventrem  * — the  fruite  followeth  the 
nature  of  the  tree,  and  therefore  the  law  calleth  him 
her  sonne.  Bat  this  is  onely  (as  I  have  heard  good 
lawyers  say)  in  the  fauor  of  noblencs,  and  bnt  the  curtesie 
of  Armes." 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES.  [**8.iv.  AiM.DwM,m 


I  am  at  ft  loss  to  understand  your  correspon- 
dent's BBsertion,  that  "the  obBeryations  quoted  by 
Sssx  merely  apply  to  two  previoiu  headings. 
My  edition  of  Feme  has  no  headings.  It  contains, 
however,  marginal  notes.  And,  opposite  the  two 
preceding  paragraphs,  are  the  words  correctly 
given  hy  O.  W.  IT ;  while  opposite  the  paragraph 
in  dispute  are  the  words  "laced  coat,  rightly 
descriptive  of  the  subject  of  it.  Shbm. 

Ceapkl  :  A  Pmntbr's  Tbku  (4""  S.  iiL  484.)— 
This  word,  used  for  a  meeting  or  a  sodetv,  is  not 
confined  to  printers.  In  Germany,  and  in  every 
part  of  Switzerland,  musical  sodeties,  vocal  and 
instrumental,  are  called  "  chapels,"  and  the  leaders 
are  "chapel-masters."  The  society  may  be  the 
choir  of  a  church  or  the  hand  of  an  opera-house ; 
it  matters  not,  it  is  a  chapel.  In  Lausanne  we 
find  "  The  Chapel  of  the  Hotel  Beau  Rivage," 
"  The  Chapel  of  St.  Gall,"  &c.  &c. 

Abbey  (in  French, afiiuye)  is  aword  used  in  the 
same  manner.  In  Catholic  Switzerland  the  ahbaye 
is  not  the  place  appropriated  to  the  rites  of  re- 
ligion, hut  the  religious  corporation  or  fraternity 
that  uses  it.  The  "church^'  is  not  the  "abbey 
church,"  but  "the  church  of  the  abbaye"  i,  e.  of 
the  fraternity. 

In  Switzerland  the  trade  confratemiUes,  nr 
guilds,  are  always  ahhayes,  whether  thev  exist  in 
Catholic  cities  like  Fribourg,  or  in  a  I'votestant 
one  like  Bema.  In  these  two  cities  we  find 
abbayei  of  mercers,  masons,  carpenters,  aud  of 
every  other  trade.  Literay  and  social  clubs  or 
drdes  are  also  abbayes.  In  Lausanne  the  prin- 
cipal club  is  the  "Abbaye  de  I'Arc."  The  work- 
ing classes  there  have  also  their  "  Abbaye  DSmo- 
cratique"  and  "Abbaye  de  I'Union,"  and  the 
soldiers  have  their  "Abbaye  Militaire." 

Jaxbs  IIbhry  Dison, 

Aigle,  Canton  dc  Yaud. 
LUUCH  (4'"  S.  iv.  118.)— I  would  query  whe- 
ther the  word  Itmch,  bmchion,  in  the  sense  of  "  a 
fragment,"  baa  anything  to  do  with  the  meal, 
and  whether  the  resemblance  be  not  merely  acci- 
dental. I  find  this  [note  in  the  MS.  Boucher- 
Hunter-Barker  Glossary  which  I  possess  (I  think 
in  Mr.  Hunter's  handwriting)  :  — 

"I  apprehend  luncheon  is  u  corruption  or nuof Aorn,  and 
th»t  this  is  derived  from  tiie  old  word  imnachtJich  which 
ocfurg  in    a  chartularv  of  St.  EdmiiDds  Uury:    '  infra 

voluerit  unam  precsriam  *  in  autumpno  cum  duobus 
hominibua  ad  cibnro  domini  ad  duo  rejiasta  et  ad  noon- 
tchench  si  dominua  volaent  .....  in  ccrcvi^a  cmpta 
pro  hominibua  conductis  pio  uvb  colligandl%  pro  eonim 
■wmcAncA  ad  polandatn  past  prandium,  coilibet 
quadr.'  "-<kimp.  Eliena  (Bp.  Kcnnetfs  MSS.) 

I  think  that  the  passages  thus  cited  are  almost 
BulBdent  to  prove  the  derivation  of  the  word. 
Etymological  probabilities  are  very  strong  against 


such  a  compound  as  noon-ihtat,  whilst  the  noon- 
tchaich,  or  noon-drmk,  or  ttooa-gift  had  an  BCtoal 
existence,  and  the  trauEotiou  to  ttuncAson,  bauiKtcM 
is  easy.  1  believe  that  in  some  country  places  the 
former  is  still  the  old-fashioned  pronunciation. 
J.  Eliot  HoiraKnt. 

This  word  was  seldom  heard  at  the  berinning 
of  the  present  century,  at  least  in  the  West  of 
England.  The  word  in  much  more  common  use 
was  nunimet,  which  I  take  to  be  an  abbreviation 
of  noon-n«a(,  F.  0.  H. 

I  entirely  agree  with  the  assertion,  that  "this 
word  is  of  doubtful  etymology  " ;  and  1  ratier 
fancy  that,  not  in  pure  etymology  alone,  but  in  a 
mere  matter  of  fact,  must  its  origin  besought. 
If  it  is  spelt' ^cAi'ons  in  The  CawUUe*  of  the  Mane, 
I  should  fancy  that  the  spelling  was  corrupt,  eod 
that  the  first  syllable  was  really  derived  firoin 
noon,  as  suggested  by  the  use  M  the  word  in 
HudAras  (.Part  I.  canto  1,  v.  146-8:  — 


Natural  iKnERiTANCH  (4"  S.  iii.  88,  200, 

345.) — I  have  the  pedigree  of  Queen  Victoria 
entirely  through  females  as  far  as  it  can  be  ascer- 
tained ;  that  is  to  say,  it  terminates  in  Liei, 
natural  daughter  ofTheobald  I.,  Eing  of  Navam, 
who  died  in  1253.  It  comprises  twenty-ono 
generations.  I  have  also  that  of  the  late  Prinw 
Consort  for  twentr-four  generations,  endingwith 
Margaret  of  HabstuTg,  who  married  in  1290  Theo- 
dore VIII.  Count  of  Cleves ;  and  I  should  think 
her  ancestry  might  be  found.  I  can  only  trace 
my  father's  for  eleven  generations,  as  I  cannot 
find  the  wife  of  William  Zouche  of  Bulwicke,  oo. 
N orth an ts^ '  f rater  B'mi  Zouche,"  whose  daughter 
and  heir,  Frances,  married  William  Saunders  of 
Harrington,  co,  Northants,  and  was  mother  of 
Audrey,  wife  of  Sir  George  Villiers ;  and  mj[  own 

I  for  thirteen  generations,  as  1  want  the  wife  of 
John  Goring  of  Sussex,  whose  daughter  monied 
Sir  William  Clement  of  the  Mote,  Kent. 

I  Edkusi)  M.  Botlk 

I       Rock  Wood,  Torquay. 

MA\rM  ATtHIBOTED  TO  ROCHEPOCCAITLD  (4*8. 

iv.  56.1  — This  manim  is  also  found  in  Cicero 
(Amicii.  c.  lOJ,  where  he  tells  us  that  Scipio  bad 
a  great  abhorrence  of  the  sentiment :  — 

"Kefsbat  uliam  Tocem  inimicioTem  amicitis  potoisut 
reperiri,  quara  ejus,  qui  dixisset,  ita  amire  oportere,  nt  ai 
aliquaiido  esact  osums  i  nee  veto  se  addnci  posse,  nt  hoe, 

I  quemadmodum  paUretur,  a  Biante  esse  dicEiim  crederet, 
qui  sapiens  habitus  essct  nnas  c  scptem,  sed  impari  ciyns- 

I  dstn,  aut  smbitioHi,  aut  omnia  ad  anam  poteutiam  revo- 


The  maxim  is  thus  traced  to  Bias,  who  lived  in 
the  Mxth  century  b.  c.  However  unwilling  Scimo 
may  be  to  believe  that  the  idea  originated  with 
Bias,  it  was  imagined  to  be  so  in  the  time  of 


4tM  S.  IV.  August  28,  '69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


183 


Aristotle,  as  we  find  that  philosopher  {JRhet.  ii.  13, 
5th  ed.  Bekk.)  ascribiDg  it  to  him  when  speaking 
of  the  feelings  of  the  aged :  — 

Kctl  othe  <pi\ovffi  ff<p6^pa  ofhc  'fjucouffi  8tck  ravrUf 
aWh  Kara  r^v  Biavros  uirod-fiKriu  koI  <pi\ov(riv  ws  fiicrri- 
aovTti  KoX  nicovaty  us  <pi\-fi<Tovrf!S, 

"They  neither  love  nor  hate  to  excess  on  these  ac- 
counts, but  following  the  advice  of  Bias,  they  love  as  if 
they  were  one  day  to  hate,  and  hate  as  if  they  were  one 
day  to  love." 

Diogenes  Laertius  (lib.  i.  cap.  v.  5)  gives  the 
words  ascribed  to  him :  — 

^i\(af   iis    fjna"fi(rotnas '    rohs    'yh.p    vXeioTovs    elva* 

KMMOVi. 

I  find  in  Conde  Lucanor,  where  Don  Juan 
Manuel  (born  about  a.  d.  1320,  died  a.  d.  1362) 

S'Tes  the  ripest  fruits  of  his  experience,  the  fol- 
wing  sentiment,  showing  that  he  felt  with  Scipio 
in  regard  to  such  a  maxim :  — 

"  Qaien  te  conseja  encobrir  de  tus  amigos, 
Engaflar  te  qiiiere  assaz,  y  sin  testigos." 

**  He  who  'advises  you  to  be  reserved  to  your  friends 
wishes  to  betray  you  without  witnesses." 

C.  T.  Eamage. 

Baronetcy  of  Home  op  Renton  (4''*  S.  iv. 
31.) — Sir  John  Home  of  Renton,  who  died  in 
1671,  had  by  his  wife,  Margaret  Stewart,  daughter 
of  Stewart,  commendator  of  Coldingham,  three 
sons :  1st  Sir  Alexander  Home  of  Coldingham, 
whose  male  line  terminated  on  the  death  of  his 
srandson,  Sir  John  Home,  in  1788;  2nd.  Sir 
I^atrick  Home  of  Renton,  created  a  baronet  of 
Nova  Scotia  in  1082,  whose  male  line  is  said  to 
have  expired  on  the  death  of  his  grandson.  Sir 
James  Home,  in  1785 ;  3rd.  Henry  Home  of 
Kames,  whose  grandson  was  the  celebrated  Henry 
Home,  Lord  Kames. 

Lord  Kames  married  Agatha,  daughter  of 
Drummond  of  Blair,  by  whom  he  acquired  the 
estate  of  Blair-Drummond  in  Perthshire.  His 
son,  in  terms  of  a  family  arrangement,  assumed 
the  name  of  Home-Drummond.  The  present 
proprietor  of  Blair-Drummond  (Mr.  G.  Stirling 
Home-Drummond)  is  thus  the  heir  male  and  re- 
presentative of  the  Homes  of  Renton. 

Mr.  Home-Drummond  would  also  seem  to  have 
a  claim  to  the  dormant  title  of  Earl  of  Dunbar  in 
the  Scottish  peerage,  as  descended  from  Patrick 
Home,  uncle  of  the  earl,  the  patent  to  the  first 
earl  having  been  granted  to  his  heirs-male 
general.  Jom^  Mackay. 

Montreal. 

Population  op  London,  temj),  Henby  II. 
(4'**S.iv.  75.) — According  to  the  best  estimates  the 
population  of  the  metropolis  in  the  middle  of  the 
twelfth  century  was  40,000.  Fitz- Stephen  says, 
in  his  interesting  picture  of  London  at  that  period, 
that  outside  one  of  the  gates  in  a  certain  plain 


field  (Smithfield)  a  great  fair  was  held  every 

Friday : — 

"  The  Arabian  sent  thither  his  gold ;  the  Sabeans,  spioe 
and  frankincense;  the  Scythians,  armour ;  Babylon,  its 
oil ;  Eg^'pt,  precious  stones ;  India,  purple  vestments ; 
Norway  and  Russia,  furs,  sables,  and  amber^^rease ;  and 
Gaul,  its  wine.  The  only  plagues  were  the  mtemperate 
drinking  of  foolish  persons  and  the  frequent  fires.*' 

Between  London  and  Westminster  was  a  con- 
tinuous suburb,  with  the  gardens  and  orchards  of 
the  citizens,  and  on  the  north  of  the  city  were 
open  meadows,  and  beyond  this  a  great  forest, 
well  stocked  with  "  the  stag,  the  hind,  the  wild 
boar,  and  the  bull."  John  Piggot,  F.S.A. 

CoNSEiLS  DES  Pbtjd'hommbs  (4"*  S.  ill.  597; 

4'''  S.  iv.  125.)— Your  correspondent  H.  W.  R. 

(Jersey),  who  wishes  to  know  the  origin  of  this 

institution,  will  find  the  date  of  its  foundation 

mentioned  in  the  EncyclopSdie  des  Gens  du  Monde, 

tome  vingti^me,  Paris,  1844,  p.  216,  art.  "Prud*- 

hommes    : — 

**  Quoiqu*il  en  soit,  le  plus  ancien  tribunal  connu  sous 
cette  denomination  est  ceiui  des  Prud'hommes  P§cheur8 
de  Marseille,  qui  fut  ^tabii  par  le  bon  rol  Ren^  en  1452, 
pour  connaltre  des  cas  de  pSche,  et  les  membres  dtaient 
clus  par  les  pecheurs." 

If  he  wishes  for  further  information  I  refer  him 
to  the  Dictionnaire  de  V Administration  franqaisej 
par  M.  Maurice  Block,  Paris,  1856,  pp.  1388- 
1392,  under  the  head  of  *' Prud'hommes — Con- 
seils,"  where  this  subject  occupies  four  chapters, 
and  at  page  1393,  B.  gives  a  list  of  the  works 
from  wnich  he  drew  his  information  about 
this  curious  institution,  which  is  peculiar  to  the 
French  race.  M.  W.  R.  is  probably  aware  that 
even  in  our  day  the  fishermen  of  France  who 
frequent  the  coasts  of  Newfoundland  have 
carried  with  them  this  institution.  The  chief 
man  in  all  their  harbours  is  dignified  with  the 
title  of  "  Prud'homme ; "  his  duties  are  magiste- 
rial, and  I  believe  from  his  dictum  there  is  no 
appeal,  Geo.  Gbat. 

Hoxton. 

Chbmitype  r4'*»  S.  iv.  115.) — The  following  is 
from  Reports  of  the  Juries  (Exhibition,  1851)  :  — 

*<  For  the  purpose  of  obtaining  casts  in  relief  from  an 
engraving,  the  process  of  cheraitype  is  equally  ingenious. 
A  polished  zinc  plate  is  covered  with  an  etching  ground ; 
the  design  is  etched  with  a  point  and  bitten  in  with  dilute 
aquafortis ;  the  etching  ground  is  then  removed,  and 
every  particle  of  the  acid  well  cleaned  off.  ,  .  .  The  plate, 
on  which  must  be  placed  filings  of  fusible  metal,  is  then 
heated  by  means  of  a  spirit-lamp,  or  any  convenient 
means,  until  the  fusible  metal  has  filled  up  all  the  en- 
graving, and  when  cold  it  is  scraped  down  to  the  level  of 
the  zinc  plate,  in  such  a  manner  that  none  of  it  remains 
except  that  which  has  entered  into  the  hollow  parts  of 
the  engraving.  The  plate  of  zinc,  to  which  the  fusible 
metal  has  become  united,  is  then  submitted  to  the  action 
of  a  weak  solution  of  muriatic  acid  ;  and  as,  of  these  two 
metals,  the  one  is  negative  and  the  other  positive,  the 
zinc  alone  is  eaten  away  by  the  acid,  and  the  fusible 
metal  which  had  entered  into  the  hollows  of  the  engraving 


184 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [i*  s.  iv,  auouw  28,  w. 


is  left  in  relief,  and  may  then  be  printed  from  by  means 
of  the  typographic  press." 

This  is  "chemitype/*  as  carried  out  at  the 
Imperial  Printing  Office  at  Vienna  in  1851,  but  it 
is  just  possible  that  the  name  may  have  been 
applied  to  some  other  process  since  that  date. 

K.  B.  P. 

In  A  brief  Survey/  of  the  Ohjects  of  Graphic  Art 
exhibited  hy  the  Imperial  and  Government  Printing 
Establishment  at  Viennaj  at  the  London  Exhibition^ 
1861  (Bagster  &  Sons),  I  have  accidentally  found 
the  following  paragraph,  which  may  serve  as  a 
reply  to  F.  M.  S. : — 

"  Chendtypy. — Representations  of  the  different  depart- 
ments of  the  Imperial  Establishment,  etched  on  zinc, 
chemityped,  and  printed  with  the  common  printing- 
press  ; — a  new  invention  by  Pul,  for  etching  on  zinc  in  a 
raised  manner." 

G.  F.  D. 

Tailob  Stoeies  and  Jokes  (4**»  S.  ii.  437, 587; 

iii.  84,  160;  iv.  120.) — The  following  occurs  in 

the  Journal  of  Thomas  Haikes,  Esq,^  vol.  i.  p.  372 

(Longmans,  1868) : — 

**  Monday,  28M. — A  ridiculous  problem  is  given  in  the 
Chnmiqtte  de  Parisy  founded  upon  the  old  sayings  in 
England  that  a  cat  has  nine  lives,  and  that  nine  tailors 
make  a  man,  the  result  of  which  is  as  follows  :— 

1  cat=9  living  men. 
1  man  =  9  living  tailors. 
If  9  cats =9  X  9  men  or  81  men, 
9  men =9  x  9  tailors,  or  81  tailors, 
9  cats =81  X  81  tailors,  or  G561  tailors. 
According  to  this  calculation  the  value  of  a  tailor  seems 
mathematically  reduced  to  zero." 

J.  P.  Morris. 

Old  Swan,  Liverpool. 

Alcuin's  Bible  (4''»  S.  iv.  115)  is  at  Rome  in 
the  library  belonging  to  the  convent  of  the  oratory 
called  Chiesa  Nova,  otherwise  Sancta  Maria  in 
Vallicella.  It  is  of  the  largest  4to  size  and  very 
stout.  It  has  no  illuminations,  but  a  few  capital 
letters  are  done  in  the  style  of  late  eighth  cen- 
tury. The  scription  is  small,  and  the  ink  is 
rather  pale,  while  the  parchment  is  thin.  At  the 
end  are  these  lines :  — 

"  Alchuin  nomen  erat  sophiam  mihi  semper  araanti, 
Pro  quo  fundc  prcces  mente,  legens  titulum." 

The  first  time  (a.d.  1852)  I  saw  this  codex,  two 
Oratorian  priests  were  working  on  it  for  its  read- 
ings. 

Speaking  of  the  MS.  treasures  in  this  fine 
library,  M.  Val^ry,  in  his  truly  valuable  Voyages 
en  Italie^  iii.  116,  observes:  — 

"Une  BibU  latine,  du  ¥111"  siecle,  attribute,  d'apres 
rinscription,  h.  Alcuin,  m^rite  peut-€tre  plus  cct  honneur 
qne  Texemplaire  promene'  et  mis  si  bniyarament  en  vente 
a  Paris  il  y  a  quelques  ann^s." 

Daniel  Rock. 

Kensington. 

Milton's  "  Paradise  Lost,"  ed.  folio,  1688. 
(4**»  S.  iv.  96.)— I  have  copies  of  the  edition  of 


1688,  both  ordinary  and  large.  There  is  a 
"  sculpture  "  to  Book  vin.  in  the  former,  but  the 
latter — a  noble  book  in  many  respects — though  it 
promises  "sculptures,"  gives  none.  They  were 
evidently  never  bound  up  with  the  copy. 

3.  Payne. 

Kildare  Gardens. 

Castles  in  the  Air  (4*^  S.  iv.  116.)  —  M. 
Em  an  Martin  gives  the  following  explanation  of 
the  expression  "  Chateaux  en  Espagne  " : — 

**  B^tir  des  chateaux  en  Espagne.  Projeter  des  choses 
qui  ne  se  rdaliseront  jamais. 

"*  Du  temps  oil  les  Maures  faisaient  leurs  excursions  en 
Espagne,  il  ^tait  d^fendu  d*y  (^dificr  des  chelteaux  dent 
ccs  ennemis  auraient  pu  s'emparer,  et  ou  ils  aaraient 
cherch^  h  se  fortifier." 

Whether  this  expression  was  or  was  not  derived 
from  some  such  prohibition,  it  is  worthy  of  note 
that  the  Germans  have  a  precisely  similar  phrase^ 
"  Spanische  Luftschlosser."      Herefordibnsis. 

On  the  French  phrase,  "  faire  des  chasteux  en 

Espaigne,"  Cotgrave  says : — 

** .  .  .  (for  there  are  but  few  Castles  in  the  main  land 
of  Spain ;  or,  if  more  were  to  be  built,  who  bath  to  do 
withal  but  the  Spaniard  ?)  This  Proverb  is  derived 
from  the  Grandees  of  France,  who  have  been  often  de- 
banch'd  by  the  Spanish  promise,  from  the  service  of  their 
Prince,  in  hopes  of  great  promotions  in  Spain." 

John  Addis,  M.A. 
Rustington,  near  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

Engraved  Portrait  (4t»»  S.  iv.  116.)— This  is 
the  portrait  of  the  great  lawyer,  Sir  Edward 
Coke.  J.  S. 

Norwich. 

Council  of  Rathbreasil  (4***  S.  iii.  529.)— 
There  seems  considerable  obscurity  about  the 
locality  of  the  "  Council  or  Synod  of  Kathbreasil 
(i.  e.  the  enchanted  Rath)."  A  writer  in  the 
Edinburgh  Review,  in  an  article  on  the  "  Settle- 
ment of  Ulster  *'  in  April  last,  quoting  Keating, 
appears  to  consider  it  identical  with  the  present 
"Mountrath,"  or  rather  Moyne  Rath,  i.  e.  the 
Rath  of  the  Bog,  in  the  ancient  Leix  and  Ofiklv 
country,  now  the  Queen's  County;  while  X. 
Moore,  in  his  History  of  Irelandy  considers  it  ix) 
be  Blau  Breasil,  or  Hy  Breasil,  in  the  coun^^ 
Armagh,  near  the  shores  of  Lough  Neagh.  Thig 
locality  still  gives  the  title  of  baron  to  the  Roden 
family,  the  present  earl  being  Baron  Clanbrasail 
(or  brcasailf  more  correctly). 

However,  as  Keating,  in  his  description  of  the 
synod  of  Rathbreasil,  quotes  the  book  of  Cloile- 
nagh,  and  as  we  find  at  the  present  day  a  parish 
of  that  name  existing  within  a  couple  of  miles  of 
Moynerath,  and  in  union  with  it,  and  where  at 
that  remote  period  flourished  a  couple  of  large 
monasteries,  it  is  most  probable  that  the  writer 
in  the  Review  is  correct  when  he  places  it  at  the 
latter  place.    (  Vide  Archdall*s  MonasUcon^) 

It  must  also  be  considered  that  this  synod  was 


**  S.  IV.  AoGtst 


19.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


18S 


held  under  the  presidency  of  a,  Dano-Iiish  bishop, 
Gillibert,  who  ncknowledged  the  Bupremacy  of 
the  Xorman  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  (Ldn- 
franc),  and,  in  common  witli  the  Dfiniah  holders 
of  the  sees  of  Dublin  and  Waterford,  were  conse- 
crated by  him;  and  would  naturally  hold  the 
synod  in  ft  district  where  they  had  paraniounf 
inliuence,  as  in  Leii,  and  not  in  the  North  of 
Ireland,  where  the  Iriah  bishops  of  Keltic  origin 
still   held  to  the  Culdean  or  I'atrician  form   of 


In  a  note  to  Moore's  beautiful  Irish  melodv, 
"Oh  Arraomore,  loved  Arranmore,"  the  "Hy 
Breasail,  or  Enchanted  Island,"  is  described  as  an 
inut^ary  land  seen  in  the  far  west  of  a  clear  day 
W  the  islanders,  and  he  quotes  Beaufort's  Ancient 
Topograph/  of  Ireland — which,  if  accessible  to 
joui  correspondent,  would  perhaps  clear  up  the 
subj  ect ;  for  in  the  note,  in  hia  Hidoi-y  of  Ireland, 
Moore  Iins  eyidently  mixed  up  the  Hy  Breasail 
■nd  Clan  Breasail  in  a  rather  cloudy  manner, 

II.  H. 
PoitsmoutI). 

BoBDRR  Ballad  Sckaps  :  "  RiTtiu'  Roarin' 
Willie":  "  Wh a  dad r  meddle  wi'  me"  (4" 8. 
iii.  400, 557.)— In  tho  fourth  canto  of  the  Lay,  Sir 
Walter  Scott  makes  the  aged  minstrel  describe 
himself  as  baring  been  the  pupil  of  the  "jovial 
harper  who  slew  the  bard  of  lleull  in  fig-lit  on 
Teviot's  side,"  and  who  for  this  deed  was  tried  and 
executed  at  Jedbiu'gh.  In  a  note  on  the  passage, 
he  identifies  him  with  the  "  Rattlin'  Roann' 
Willie  "  of  the  well-known  ballad  aad  air  passing 
under  that  name,  and  quotes  "  a  verse  or  two 
illnstratiTe  of  his  history"  from  a  song  (siud  to 
be)  published  in  tbo  Tea-Tabh  MUcdlany,  in 
which,  it  is  added,  Ramsay,  ''  who  set  no  value 
on  traditionary  lore,  earefuUy  suppresses  all  that 
hul  any  connection  with  the  history  of  the  author 
and  origin  of  tho  piece."  (Noto  on  stanza  xxii.) 

Desiring  to  investigate  the  traditions  connected 
with  this  Border  worthj',  I  turned  to  the  Tea- 
Table  Mifccllany,  expecting  to  find  the  remaining 
verses  of  the  song,  of  which  Sir  Walter  Scott 

Spears  only  to  have  extracted  a  portion ;  but 
*r  careful  search  through  the  four  volumes, 
I  have  failed  to  discover  the  poem  itself.  An 
eximinntion  of  The  Eeergrcen  lias  proved  equally 
unsuccessful. 

Can  any  of  your  correiipondents  direct  me  to 
the  place  where  Sir  Walter  met  with  the  lines 
quoted  by  him,  or,  still  better,  to  the  source  from 
which  Ramsay  originally  procured  the  song?  I 

A  former  correspondent  inquired  for  the  earliest 
vemon  known  of  the  ballad  of  "  Rattlin'  Roarin' 
Willie,"  without  eliciting  the  desired  information 
(l"  S.  I.  -^2o,  452).  A  note  on  Ilalliwell's  Nur-  I 
mrtj  Skt/men,  in  S"*  S.  v.  180,  also  appears  to  refer  I 
to  the  song. 

I  am  much  obliged  to  Mr.  Riddbll  Carre  for  I 


his  notice  of  the  "Elliots'  Gathering,"  and  trust 
he  will  add  to  the  favour  by  communicatiufr  to 
"  N.  &  Q."  tho  additional  stanzas  of  "  Wha  daur 
meddle  wi'  me,"  which  he  hsa  been  fortunate 
enough  to  recover.  By  doing  so  he  will,  I  am 
sure,  confer  a  great  pleasure  on  many  of  your 

next  lecture. 

MaCKT's    "  JomiNEY  TDBOUSH  SCOTLAKD  "  (4* 

S.  iv.  135.) — Since  I  put  my  query,  I  have  noticed 
that  Mr,  Jdaidment  (Spottiirwoode  Mucelianu,  ii. 
403),  referring  to  Macky's  charecter  of  the  Duke 
of  Melfort,  citea  Memoirs  of  Secrti  Serviiet  of 
John  Macky,  Esq.;  and  then  adds — "Nichols,  in 
his  edition  of  Swift  (vol.  v.  p.  158),  ascribes  this 
work  to  Mr.  Davis,  an  otiicer  in  the  Customs." 
Any  opinion  indorsed  by  Mr.  Maidmeat  beara, 
I  believe,  great  weight  in  Scotiand.  The  Journey 
contains,  I  think,  internal  evidence  that  the  writer 
was  a  Scotchman — perbapB,  too,  a  Gallowegiau — 
who  had  been  a  deal  in  the  Low  Countries.  His 
local  and  historical  knowledge  of  Scotland,  for  his 
I  day,  is  remarkably  accurate.  T.  S. 

"  L'Empike  c'est  la  pAix  "  (4*^  S.  iv.  1]7.>- 
.^ropofl  to  the  Editor's  very  interesting  histoy 
of  tbis  utterance,  I  may  perhaps  be  allowed  to 
remind  readers  of  a  bon-viat  which  was  current 
in  Paris  a  few  months  ago;  —  "The  Empire  ia 
Peace."  "There  can  be  no  doubt  about  it! 
Peace  has  ah'eady  been  made  two  or  three  times, 
and  will  mott  likely  have  to  be  made  again ! " 

W.  H.  S. 

Taxley. 

Paeliament  (4""  S.  iv.  117.)— The  first  part  of 
your  answer  to  Sm  T.  Wimkinoton  is  correct, 
but  to  my  mind  hardly  sulficiently  clear.  The 
word  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  Frivy  Coun- 
cil, or  the  genentl  Parliament  of  the  kingdom, 
but  refers  solely  to  the  governing  body,  or 
Benchers  of  the  Inns  of  CourL  In  the  two 
Temples  any  meeting  of  the  Benchers  for  busi- 
ness is  called  a  "Parliament";  in  Lincoln's 
Inn,  a  "Council";  and  in  Gray's  Inn,  a  "Pen- 
sion," or  in  one  instance,  I  find,  a  "Cupboard." 
Mr.  Curll  was,  therefore,  "  called  "  by  the  Parlia- 
ment of  the  Middle  Temple.  I  could  cit«  in- 
Dunerable  instances  from  Dugdale  in  proof  of  this, 
but  I  have  not  the  book  by  me.  I  have  only  an 
anonymous  work,  published  by  Kearsly  in  1780, 
laid  to  contain  eveir  particular  circumstance  in 
Sir  W.  Dugdale's  celebrated  work  called  Origmea 
Juridiciales,  4'c. 

I  do  not  agree  with  you  that,  since  the  Com- 
monwealth, the  authority  to  call  barristers  has 
been  "  tacitly  relinquished  "  to  the  Benchers.  To 
me  it  appears  that  the  power  was  always  theirs, 
subject  to  general  rules,  made  by  the  Crown  or 
Privy  Council.  W.  C. 

Ricbniond,  Surr^. 


186 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [4*  s.  iv.  auoust  28.  '69. 


I  Tonture  to  suf^gest  a  little  supplementary  mat- 
ter to  the  answer  given  to  Sir  T.  Winnington's 
inquiry  as  to  the  use  of  this  word  with  reference 
to  calls  to  the  bar.  The  order  in  Council  there 
quoted  shows  that,  in  1576,  the  call  was  made  by 
**  the  Ordinary  Council  of  the  House,*'  and,  conse- 
quently, long  before  the  time  of  the  Common- 
wealth. Now  the  Council  of  the  House  is  not 
designated  by  the  same  term  in  each  Inn  of 
Court.  In  the  Middle  Temple  the  Council  is 
called  "The  Parliament,"  and  the  great  room 
where  the  Benchers  assemble  is  called  "  the  Par-  ' 
liament  Chamber."  In  Gray's  Inn  the  assembly 
IB  not  called  "  Parliament,"  out  "  Pension" ;  and 
the  pbrase  used  is,  "At  a  Pension  held,"  &c. 
How  the  two  different  words  were  derived,  I 
have  not  yet  had  time  to  discover.  C. 

Misquotation  (4*'»  S.  iv.  75.) — It  may  interest 
your  correspondent  Observator  to  know  that,  at 
any  rate,  tne  expression — "  In  the  sweat  of  thy 
face  shalt  thou  eat  bread  " — is  correctly  rendered 
in  a  Latin  version.  "In  sudore  vultiis"  is  the 
motto  of  the  ancient  Cheshire  family  of  Sweten- 
ham  of  Somerford  Booths,  and  they  bear  as  arms 
Paly  of  six  argent  and  gules ;  on  a  bend  vert  three 
spades  of  the  first, — in  allusion  to  the  toil  required. 

John  Pickpord,  M.A. 
Boltoa  Percy,  near  Tadcaster. 

Meaning  op  Vandela,  or  Wandailes  (4***  S. 
iv.  117.) — It  strikes  me  that  we  may  have  here  a 
Celto-Teutonic  compound  of  (1)  Wan  (compare 
"  TFowsbeckwater,"  on  which  see  Donaldson's 
VarroniantiSf  p.  83,  edit,  of  1844),  a  shape  taken 
'by  the  Welsh  afon,  stream,  river,  and  (2)  Eng- 
lish dalf  del,  dele,  or  deed  (akin  to  Gothic  daiifan, 
daiU;  Swedish  taelfa,  del;  Modem  High  German 
theil,  8fc.),  part,  portion ;  and  that,  accordingly, 
the  word  m  question  may  mean,  a  parcel  of 
ground  by  the  side  of  a  river,  a  river-plat.  At 
■all  events,  this  interpretation  thorougnly  suits 
the  ^^WandaUes  upon  tne  river  Tayse"  (Tees). 

John  Hosktns-Abrahall. 

Combe  Vicarage,  near  Woodstock. 

"  Little  John  Elliott  "  (4'"  S.  iii.  460,  557.) 
Being  at  a  distance  from  home,  I  am  unable  to 
jefer  to  the  chapter  and  page  in  "  N.  &  Q."  in 
which  a  question  was  asked  about  the  ballad  of 
"  Little  John  Elliott.  The  other  day,  at  an  inn 
at  New  Castleton,  in  Liddesdale,  I  found  a  book 
•called  Scott's  Border  KvploUsj  which  seems  to 
have  been  written  by  some  local  worthy,  and 
published  by  subscription  in  the  year  1834.  It  is 
there  stated  that  Bothwell,  having  been  com- 
missioned by  Queen  Mary  to  punish  the  Moss- 
troopers, was,  in  attempting  to  do  so,  defeated 
and  wounded  by  John  Elliott  of  Park.  Queen 
Mary  visited  him  (Bothwell)  at  Hermitage,  hav- 
ing ridden  by  way  of  Hawick  all  the  way  from 


Jedburgh.  She  was  compelled  to  return  the  same 
day,  Bothwell  having  represented  that  Hermitage 
Castle  was  unsafe  for  her.  The  fatigue  knocked 
her  up,  and  she  lay  sick  at  Jedburgh  for  a  fort- 
night The  ballad  was  written  in  commemora- 
tion of  the  victory  of  Elliott  over  Bothwell,  and 
two  verses  are  given  running  thus :  — 

"  I  vanquisb'd  the  Qaeen's  Lieutenant, 
And  made  his  fierce  troopers  to  flee — 
My  name  is  little  John  £Iliot, 
And  wha  daur  meddle  wi*  me  ? 

"  I  ride  on  my  fleet-footed  gray, 

My  sword  Hanging  down  by  my  kneo— 
I  ne*er  was  afraid  of  a  foe. 
Then  wha  daur  meddle  wi'  me  ?  " 

C.  W.  Babslet. 

Indian  and  European  Games;  Hop-Scotch 
(4*»>  S.  iv.  94.) — This  game  is  called  in  Scotland 
peevers,  peeverals,  and  pabals.  The  number  of 
squares  used,  however,  is  less  than  what  the 
Indian  children  use  in  the  game.  Four  lines  are 
drawn  on  the  ground,  enclosing  three  spaces,  or 
"beds,"  as  they  are  named.  These,  with  the 
parts  before  the  first  and  after  tbe  last  line,  make 
nve  places  altogether.  The  children  call  this 
kind  of  *^  beds "  common  ones.  Circular  and 
other  shaped  ones  are  sometimes  made,  but  similar 
rules  hold  good  for  all  shapes.  The  player  must 
keep  hopping  on  one  foot,  and  kick  the  peever  into 
each  space,  taking  care  not  to  let  it  go  on  the 
lines,  or  pass  over  one  of  the  spaces,  which  are 
counted  *'  losses,"  at  which  points  another  player 
takes  up  the  game.  D.  Macphail. 

27,  Castle  Street,  Paisley. 

Colonel  Fredeeick  (2"**  S.  viii.  399,  602 ;  ix, 
93, 183.)  —  In  looking  over  some  old  numbers  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  the  other  day,  I  met  with  some  queries 
\  and  replies  respecting  the  above  unfortunate  gentle- 
man and  his  family.  It  may  interest  some  of  your 
readers  to  learn  that  a  short  time  ago  I  met  a  great* 
grand-son  of  his  in  Liverpool,  named  Neuhoff 
Clarke.  On  speaking  to  him  ne  informed  me  that  he 
was  then  living  at  the  village  of  Crosby,  near  Liver- 
pool, where  he  was  engaged  in  runnmg  messages 
to  town  for  trifling  articles  required  by  tbe  shop- 
keepers, &c.  I  knew  him  when  a  boy.  ms 
father  was  Theodore  Clarke,  formerly  excise  officer 
in  Furness,  North  Lancashire,  subsequently  an 
auctioneer,  and  lastly  a  publican.  In  his  latter 
capacity  he  kept  a  house  known  as  the  "  Struggler," 
in  Upper  Brook  Street,  Ulverston.  This  name  he 
gave  to  the  place  himself,  and  over  the  door  he 
placed  a  sign,  on  which  was  represented  a  globe 
with  the  figure  of  a  man  struggling  through  it. 
Having  some  real  or  fancied  g^evance  with  the 
excise,  he  published  about  that  time  a  rather 
bulky  pamphlet  on  the  subject,  and  sighed  himself 
the  "Struggler."  In  the  preface,  which  I  read 
some  time  ago,  are  several  mteresting  particulars 


4«i  S.  IV.  August  28,  »69.]  NOTES  AND   QUERIES. 


187 


lespectiDg  his  father,    grandfather,    and    great- 
grandfather^  the  late  king  of  Corsica. 

J.  P.  MORBIS. 
22,  Sandstone  Road,  Old  Swan,  Liverpool. 

AifOTHER  Shakspeabe  Atjtograph  (4***  S.  iv. 
107.)  —  The  writer  of  the  ''  Table  Talk  ''  in  The 
Guardian  newspaper  (Aug.  11, 1869,  p.  913)  men- 
tioning the  ShaKspeare  autograph  which  has  been 
found  in  the  small  Ovid,  gives  a  different  reading 
from  that  which  has  been  printed  in  *^  N.  &  Q." 
On  it  is  written  (says  "  N.  &  Q.'*)  *'  thyne  zecre- 
terte,  W.  Shakspere — Stratforde,  Marche  16." 
But,  says  The  Guardian  correspondent,  the  writ- 
ing is  interpreted  by  experts  as  *'  thyne  Sweetest  * 
W.  Shakspere,  Strathforde,  Marche  16."  I  did 
not  myself  copy  the  inscription ;  but  when  I  at 
first  saw  "thyne  zecreterie^*  in  "N.  &  Q."  I  was 
much  surprised  that  1  had  been  so  mistaken.  I 
had  the  little  book  containing  the  autograph  in 
my  hands  some  time  when  1  was  attending  the 
late  meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Institute  at 
Bury  St.  Edmunds ;  and  I  confess  I  did  not  hesi- 
tate to  read  it  as  given  in  T?i€  Guardian j  **  thyne 
gweetesty  I  was  permitted  the  use  of  a  lens,  but 
as  I  profess  to  be  no  expert  in  reading  writing  I 
ahould  not  have  ventured  to  suggest  a  correction 
which  had  not  been  confirmed  by  an  independent 
observer.  W.  H.  S. 

Trefoils  in  Arms,  and  Mount  for  Crest 
(4*"  S.  iv.  117.) — A  casual  visit  to  the  village  of 
Koshton,  Northamptonshire,  enables  me  to  inform 
Mb.  Mountford  that  trefoils,  borne  in  coat  ar- 
mour, do  not  invariably  appear  in  connection  with 
a  mount  or  hill  in  the  crest.  The  arms  of  the 
Treshams  of  Rushton  were:  Party  per  saltire, 
sable  and  or,  in  chief  and  in  base  each  three  tre- 
foils slipped,  two  and  one,  one  and  two :  the  crest^ 
a  boards  head  with  a  trefoil  in  his  mouth. 

J.  L.  Cherry. 

Hanley. 

Legal  Fictions  (4*'' S.  iv.  148.)  —  Blackstone 
(iii*  107)  has  explained  it  as  no  uncommon  thing 
for  a  plaintiff  to  feign  that  a  contract,  really  made 
at  sea,  was  made  at  the  Royal  Exchange,  or  other 
inland  place,  in  order  to  draw  the  cognizance  of 
the  suit  from  the  courts  of  admiralty  to  those  of 
Westminster  Hall  (4  Inst.  134).  Our  lawyers 
justify  this  fiction  by  alleging  that  the  locality  of 
such  contracts  is  not  essential  to  the  merits  of 
them.  Such  fictions  are  adopted  and  encouraged 
by  the  Roman  law :  that  a  son  killed  in  battle  is 
supposed  to  live  for  ever  for  the  benefit  of  his 
parents  {Inst.  i.  tit.  25)  ;  and  such  as  died  in  cap- 
tivity were  supposed  to  have  died  in  their  own 
country  (fols.  49,  15,  18).  T.  .T.  Buckton. 

YouART:  YooonooRT  (4^'»  S.  iv.  91,  166.)  — 
One  reason  why  Mr.  Palgrave  does  not  mention 

[•  This  correction  had  been  already  made  bvthe  writer 
in  The  Athenceum,— Ed.  "  N.  &.  Q."] 


the  clotted  cream  called  yughardy  or  yughurty  is. 
that  this  is  a  Turkish  not  an  Arabic  word,  and 
therefore  unknown — certainly  unused  in  Arabic. 
In  Egypt  it  is  called  kaitnak,  under  which  name 
it  is  sold  in  the  bazaars  of  Cairo  in  small  earthen 
saucers.  It  has  also  various  other  names,  as  fnast, 
dimhakj  &c.,  the  copiousness  of  Arabic  leading  to- 
the  use  of  a  great  variety  of  dialects.  When  sail- 
ing round  the  coast  of  Arabia  many  years  ago  m 
company  with  a  profound  Oriental  philologist,  he 
stated  that  he  found  the  dialect  of  HadSamout 
very  different  from  those  in  use  elsewhere,  many 
words  being  identical  with  the  archaic  Hebrew 
of  the  Pentateuch.  These  neculiarities  disap- 
peared on  reaching  Yemen  and  the  Hajaz,  wher& 
the  dialects  spoken  differed  again  from  that  spoken 
in  Egypt  {migr),  and  these  again  from  that  of 
Syria  {Sham).  The  variations  consisted  not  only  in 
the  use  of  different  synonymous  terms  for  the  same 
object,  but  in  the  pronunciation  of  particular  con- 
sonants in  the  same  word,  so  as  to  give  it  a  very 
different  soimd.  W.  R 

Cob's  Hall  (4«»>  S.  iii.  12.)  —At  Burford,  Ox- 
fordshire,  is  an  old  house,  one  of  the  oldest  among^ 
many  antique  specimens  of  domestic  architecture 
in  the  deserted-looking  High  Street,  called  Cob 
Hall,  of  which  Fisher,  m  his  History  of  Burford, 
states  that  he  can  give  no  satisfactory  account 
prior  to  the  seventeenth  century,  when  it  was 
converted  into  an  inn  by  the  si^  of  the  Swan, 
perhaps  in  allusion  to  tne  original  use  of  the 
building  for  the  purposes  of  a  swannery.  Apart 
from  the  situation  of  the  building,  close  to  the 
river  Windrush,  in  a  spot  well  adapted  for  breed- 
ing and  rearing  swans,  the  conjecture  seems  a  not 
unreasonable  one.  The  small  building  in  the  area 
of  Lincoln  Castle,  known  as  Cob's  Hall,  may  pos- 
sibly have  obtained  its  name  from  the  swan  pool 
which  it  overlooked.  Are  there  no  local  records 
relating  to  Lincoln  or  Eorton  which  will  throw 
any  light  on  the  true  origin  of  the  distinctive- 
appellation  ?  L.  X. 

Pillory  at  East  Looe  (4*»»  S.  iv.  116.^  — This 
still  remains  over  the  porch  of  the  Guildnall.  It 
is  made  for  two  culprits,  as  is  shown  by  two  larg& 
perforations  for  necks,  and  two  only  for  one  arm- 
of  each  offender.  Bond,  in  his  History  of  West 
Looe,  says  that  the  remains  of  a  cage  for  scolding 
women  existed  when  he  wrote,  and  that  East 
Looe  had  a  similar  one.  The  Looes  had  also  a 
tri-bucket  or  ducking-stool. 

Thomas  Q.  Cotjch. 

Samuel  Kogers  (4*'»  S.  iv.  166.)  —  Mr.  Hall 
misstates  the  age  of  Kogers  the  poet  at  his  death. 
He  was  bom  on  July  30,  1763,  and  died  Dec.  18, 
1855,  so  that  he  was  not  ninety-six  but  ninety- 
two  years  old.  These  dates  I  Save  from  one  of 
his  nearest  relations.  Ltttelton. 


188 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.         [4»b  s. iv.  august  28. '69. 


G.  H.  Byerley  (3'*  S.  xii.  264.)—!  made  an 
inquiry,  to  which  hy  chance  I  can  now  give  an 
answer.  Mr.  G.  11.  Bjerley  died  in  1864  of 
softening  of  the  brain,  at  the  Hanwell  Lunatic 
Asylum,  after  a  short  residence.  He  was  the  son 
of  Mr.  Thomas  Byerley,  a  well-known  literary 
man,  and  nephew,  I  believe,  of  Sir  John  Byerley, 
of  Paris.  G.  H.  Byerley  was  brought  up  chiefly 
in  Paris,  and  resided  there  most  of  his  life.  As  a 
journalist  he  served  on  more  than  one  occasion  as 
a  special  correspondent  of  The  Times.  He  was  a 
very  hardworkmg  man,  of  considerable  attain- 
ments, particularly  conversant  vrith  the  French 
language,  and  well  acquainted  with  mechanical 
and  engineering  details.  He  had  exhausted  his 
means  at  the  period  of  his  death.  He  was  author 
of  apamphlet  on  our  military  system,  published 
by  Weale.  Hyde  Ularke. 

Sun-dials  (4*'»  S.  iv.  74.)  —  On  the  south  wall 
of  a  respectable  old  house  at  Lower  Tottenham  is 
a  specimen  of  this  once  favourite  instrument  of 
our  forefathers,  of  considerable  size,  bearing  this 
wise  and  witty  motto,  both  in  moral  and  in  ap- 
plication :  —  "  Sumus  umbra."  Date  1691.  It  is 
probably  a  common  motto  for  the  purpose,  though 
I  have  never  before  seen  it.  J.  A.  G. 

Carifibrooke. 

fMittXluntavLi. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

Handbook  for  Travellers  in  Wiltshire^  Dorsetshire,  and 
Somersetshire,  New  JSditionf  with  Travelling  Map  and 
Flans,     (Murray.) 

The  statement  so  much  in  vogac  with  respect  to  every 
patent  medicine,  that  it  is  a  thing  which  no  family 
should  be  without,  m.ay  be  fairly  applied,  with  a  differ- 
ence, to  Murray's  world-renowned  Handbooks — they  are 
things  "which  no  traveller  should  be  without";  and  if 
any  proof  were  needed  to  show  the  anxiety  of  their  en- 
terprising publisher  to  make  them  deserre  their  well- 
earned  popularity,  it  might  be  found  in  this  new  edition 
of  The  Handbook  for  Wilts,  Dorset,  and  Soynerset.  It  has 
been  enlarged  to  just  double  its  size ;  and  those  who 
know  how  carefully  information  is  condensed  in  these 
guides,  will  readily  understand  what  a  mass  of  new  and 
useful  information  is  to  be  found  in  the  additional  two 
hundred  pages  contained  in  the  present  edition.  The 
rambler,  whose  happy  fortune  destines  him  to  visit  either 
of  these  counties,  will  find  in  thia  Handbook  an  intelligent 
and  indispensable  Travelling  Companion. 

The  Life  of  Sir  Thomas  Seymour,  Kmght,  Baron  Seymour 
of  Sudeiey,  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England,  and  Master 
of  the  Ordnance,   J5y  John  Maclean,  F.S. A.    (Hotten.) 

The  present  volume,  of  which  only  a  limited  number 
has  been  printed,  forms  the  first  portion  of  what  was  in- 
tended to  have  been  a  much  larger  work — The  Lives  of 
the  Masters-General  of  the  Ordnance ;  and,  as  Sir  Thomas 
Seymour  was  appointed  the  first  Master  upon  the  re- 
organisation of  the  department  in  1544,  this  memoir  was 
intended  to  form  the  first  of  such  series.  It  has  already 
appeared  in  Under  the  Crown ;  but  that  periodical  having 
been  suspended,  Mr.  Maclean  has  done  wisely  in  securing, 
in  this  more  available  form,  his  memoir  of  one  who 


played  so  important  a  part  in  the  eventful  time  in  which 
he  lived;  and  in  the  preparation  of  which  memoir  the 
editor  has  obviously  bestowed  much  time  and  attention. 

Ballad  History  of  The  Wonderful  Derby  Ram,"  detailed 

from  its  Stupendous  Origin  to  its  Tragical  Termination, 

in  a  Series  of  Imaginative  Sketches.     By  Priestman 

Atkinson.     Witli  an  Introduction  and  Notes  by  Alfred 

Wall  is.     (Bemrose  &  Sons.) 

This  series  of  amusing  sketches  of  the  eventful  history 
of  "  The  Wonderful  Derby  Ram,"  will  amuse  the  youth- 
ful spellers  of  the  ballad,  while  graver  readers  will*  share 
our  regret  that  Mr.  Alfred  Wallis  is  unable  to  clear  up 
the  almost  Homeric  mysterv  in  which  the  origin  of  this 
Derbyshire  epic  is  still  involv^. 

Some  Account  of  the  Royal  Free  Grammar  School  of 
King  Edward  the  Sixth,  Shrewsbury.  (Leake  &  Evans, 
Shrewsbury.) 

Seeing  the  distinction  which  Shrewsbury  School  has 
now  enjoyed  for  so  many  years,  it  is  somewhat  remaric- 
able  that  no  histoiy  of  it  has  yet  been  given  to  the  world ; 
and  the  thanks  of  those  interest^  in  it  are  due  to  the 
mqdest  anonymous  author  of  the  present  unpretending 
little  volume,  for  the  amount  of  in^rmation  he  has  con- 
trived to  embody  in  it. 

Mr.  Swanston's  First  Shakspeabe.— In  the  sale  of 
the  first  portion  of  the  library  of  the  late  Mr.  C.  T.  Swan- 
ston,  Q.C.,  which  has  extended  over  the  last  twelve  days 
at  Puttick  and  Simpson's,  in  Leicester  Square,  there  oe- 
curred  a  fine  copy  of  the  rare  first  edition  of  Shakspeare^ 
1623.  It  wanted  but  two  leaves  only,  and  had  soma 
other  trifling  defect;  but  after  a  smart  competition, 
realised  the  large  price  of  338/. — the  purchaser  being  Mr. 
Quaritch  of  Piccadilly. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED  TO   PTTRCHASB. 

Farticulan  of  Price,  ftc,  of  the  following  Books,  to  be  sent  dirtetto 
the  gentlemen  by  vhom  they  are  required,  whose  names  and  addiCMM 
are  given  for  that  purpose :  — 

Swift's  Wobks.    Vols.  I.  and  V.    ISrao.    1765. 

A  COMPLAIXT  AOAIN8T  8RGDRITY.    Thomas  Kiu^mill:  Lond.16011. 

Clabsicum  POSNITENTIALB.    Thomos  KingsmillTOxf.  1606. 

A  View  ov  Max's  Estatb.    Andrew  Kingsmill.    I^ind.  1574. 

£XOELLK>*T  TKEATISR    FOR   ALL   TROUBLED   IN   MYND   AMD  BODT. 

Andrew  Kingunill:  Lond.  157B. 
Godly  Advice  toucuixq  Marriaqe.   Andrew  Kingsmill:  Lond. 

1560. 
Wanted  by  S.  JI.  Ilarlowc,  Esq.,  3.  North  Bonk,  Regent's  Park,  N.W. 

Polwhblb,  Uicu.,  tue  Old  EvaLisH  Gentleman  :  a  Poem. 
Wanted  by  Edward  Peacock,  JSs?.,  Bottesfurd  Manor,  Brigg. 

Fran'Ois  Junius,  Glossarium  Gotiiicum  in  quatuor  Evanoklia 
GOTHIOA.    Donlrcfihti,  1665,  4to. 

Wanted  by  J.  Jtichardsan,  18B,  Grcengato  Street,  Oldham. 

Analks  db  Cataluna,  by  Don  Nnrclno  Felice  de  la  PeSa  y  FazelL 
Vol.  I.  containing;  the  Annain  up  tu  1163. 

Wanted  by  Liom  F.,  care  of  Mr.  Meadows,  Stationer,  Fulham  Road, 

Liundon,  S.  W. 


Universal  Catai^oouk  of  Art  Books.  Aft  Ad<UtionM  and  Cot' 
rrctioM  ithouid  bv  addressed  to  the  Editor,  South  KensingUm  Mtuetan^ 
London,  W. 

C.  LETiinniD(JE  Cour^RD.  There  is  a  lettfr  for  this  Corretpoudent 
at  our  office. 

M.  S  Laycogk.  Our  opinion  would  be  vcorthlfss.  Consult  an  intelli' 
gent  solicitor. 

Bassompierre's  Memoirs  icere  edited  hy  the  late  Right  Hon.  Joh» 
Wilson  Croker. 

Z.  The  saying  ocntrs  in  liohn's  Handbook  of  Proverbs,  p.  .41,  <kJso 
the  following:  "Marry  your  daughters  betimes^  lest  they  marry  them' 
selves.^* 

J.  Richardson  (Oldham).  Most  Uographirnt  dictionaries  amtiaiH 
notices  of  Francis  Junius  the  younger,  as  weM  o^cfDr.  Thomtu  Mtar^ 
shall,  Dean  of  Glouctstcr,u;ith  a  list  qf  their  uforks. 

**  NoTBB  ASD  QuHBnu  '*  Is  registered  (br  traasminion  abroad. 


4*  a  IT.  3iirT.4, 


NOTES  AND  QUEHIES. 


189 


LOITDOX,  OATURDAY.  SBFTBUDKR  *,  IBW, 


CONTENTS,— N"  88. 

WOTEB:  — Companjr  BsdiRS  of  tlie  Foot  Qumrd*.  ,1S9- 


— Women  ill  England  —  Jdiltanisii*  —  Proverb,  IM. 
QtntlUEH:  — Anoient  BorouRbi.  Ao,  —  Jealniu  u  ft  Couple 
of  H«inJre9iier>-Appriintioe»  Whipped  -  Cobhmn  Fsmilj 

—  Spiscopnl  Arms  —  Fimily  Iliator;  -  Lonibard  Capitsl 

—  "The  SewTrirk  to  Chuit  the  Dml  " -Thn  WnceM 
S«mt  Bsdinguet  —  Sbifcapcare  —  J.  New- 


ton toil 


h  Field," . 


It  ClllB 


«  Nobli 


ifrliih  Ter- 


—  Lord  Bacon  and  Shskspeare, 
KEPLIBSi  — Tha  Pjthw(ore»n  Lottar,iB8-B 
nam  of  Ooelhs'B  "Faust."  Part  I.,  im  — III 
SM  —The  Suilercy),  n.  —  Wiili.oi  Cmibc,  lOl 
Hint  Blind  202 -Cnrnu  I  Ethca- IOl»^  ii. — 
MS  -  Bltlh)  or  fiiggiir  -  GainHlwruugh'n  "  Rli 


-  Bumble  Bw  ~  Loir  (iernum  I*a- 


Vottm  on  Books,  in. 


COMPAKY  BADGES  OF  THE  FOOT  GUARDS, 
Id  the  fendal  days  banncr.i  mere  carried  by 
soldiers  (o  eerve  as  disbnsuishing  raftrks  in  battle  I 
or  as  ralljia<i:  points  for  the  men.  Tbe  calours  or  ! 
devices  displayed  were  those  of  the  leaders;  but  j 
no  acknowledged  aystetn  existed  in  England  till 
the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  when  cognizances  were 
for  the  first  time  formally  emblazoned  upon  the  . 
Mandible  of  the  troops. 

In  the  infantry  every  coiupniiy  had  a  colour, 
which  was  carried  bv  the  liniign.  When  the 
Foot  Guards  were  established,  in  1060,  Uharles  II. 
granteid  to  each  of  the  then  existint^  companies  a 
royal  badge  to  be  displayed  upon  tbe  flagr,  Wil- 
liam Ilf.,  who  divided  the  battalions  into  two 
winga  of  musketeers  and  a  centre  of  pikemen, 
directed  that  only  three  colours  should  be  used  ; 
and  when  pikes  were  discontinued,  and  the  line 
eonsiated  of  only  two  wining,  two  colours  were 
used.  In  1761,  Georire  II.  ordered  that  more 
than  two  colours  should  not  be  di,-plajed  in  the 
field.  In  1811,  the  Prince  Regent  |j;ranted  set- 
Tice  badges  throughout  the  army,  and  at  the  same 
tone  secured  to  the  Foot  Guards  tbe  right  of 
retaining  their  company  colours,  but  forbad  more 
than  two  from  being  carried  in  the  field.  In  1359, 
tbe  y.ueen  was  pleased  to  direct  that  the  crimson 
coloutB  in  tbe  Guards,  which  were  formerly  those 
at  the  field  officer's  companies,  should  for  the 


futnre  be  carried  as  battalion  Queen's  colouM; 
and  that  the  company  bodges  should  be  embla- 
zoned on  tbe  centre  of  the  Union  Jack,  and  issued 
in  rotation  as  regimental  colours.  The  State 
standard,  presented  by  William  IV,  to  the  Qren&- 
dier  Quards,  is  carried  only  when  the  BOrereign  is 
present. 

Grenadier  Ouarjg. 

1.  Fimt,  or  Queen's  Compaay.  The  Royal 
crest.  —  Tbis  was  assumed  by  .Tames  I.  when  he 
became  King  of  England  and  Scotland. 

2.  A  red  rose  suimountad  by  a  white  one, 
called  the  Rose  of  the  united  Houms  of  Yorkand: 
Lancaster. — A  royal  badge  of  Henry  VII, 

3.  The  fleuT-cle-lys,  or  flower  of  Louis,  tbe 
ancient  cognizance  of  France  first  adopted  by 
CloTia  (or  Louis),  Was  assumed  as  a  royal  badge 
by  Henry  V.,  the  conqueror  of  France. 

4.  A  golden  portcullis  with  pendent  chains, — ' 
A  royal  badge  of  Henry  VII.,  which  he  derived 
through  John  of  Gaunt  from  the  Beaufort  Castle, 
in  Aniou. 

6.  The  rose  en  aoleil.— The  silver  rose  of  York 
on  the  golden  sun  of  York,  was  the  badge  of  tbe 
Plantagenet  branch  of  the  house  of  York,  assumed 
by  Edward  IV.  after  the  battle  of  Mortimer's 
Cross,  where,  according  to  tradition,  a  second  eun 
shone  fortii  from  tbe  heaTens  on  the  -victorious 

0.  Tbe  thistle :  the  flower  badge  of  Scotland,— 
A  soldier  of  an  invading  Norwegian  array  trod 
upon  a  thistle  when  the  army  was  attempting 
to  surprise  the  Scots.  lie  cned  out,  and  gave 
timely  notice  to  the  slumbering  host,  which  was 
saved  from  defeat. 

7.  A  harp  with  silver  strings, — The  arms  of 
Ireland  as  settled  by  James  L  The  Earl  of  North- 
ampton wrote  in  1<XH :  — 

"  The  best  reason  that  I  csd  observe  for  tbe  bearing 
thereof  'a,  it  resemblea  y<  country  in  being  sueb  an  in- 
etmment  that  it  requires  more  cost  to  beep  it  in  tune 
tban  it  is  worth." 

8.  The  red  dragon  of  Wales,— Tbe  hadpe  of  th« 
Cadwalladera,  displayed  on  the  banner  of  Henry 
VII.  at  the  battle  of  Bosworth. 

9.  A  white  greyhound,  with  golden  chain  and 
collar.— A  royal  badge  of  Henry  VII. 

10.  Tbe  Bun  in  its  splendour.— The  cognizsnce 
of  the  brothere  of  the  house  of  York,  Edward  IV. 
and  Richard  II,  — 

"  M»dB  gloriona  summer  by  this  ann  of  York." 

11.  A  unicorn  with  golden  collar,  cbun,  mane, 
and  hoofs. — A  supporter  of  the  arms  of  S(»l1nnd, 
and  taken  as  a  su[^orter  of  the  aims  of  England 
after  the  accession  of  James  I. 

"  Some  have  danbt*  whether  there  be  any  such  boatL 
I  But  tbe  great  ateem  of  hia  borne,  in  marv  places  t<i  be 

I  corne  end  the  valiant  minded  sooldlec  are  alike,  for  lotb 
choose  ratbei  to  die  than  to  be  taken." 


190 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Skft.  4,  W. 


12.  An  antelope  with  ffolden  gorget,  chain, 
mane,  and  hoofs. — A  royal  badge  of  Henry  IV. 

13.  A  royal  hart  couchant,  on  a  green  mound, 
with  ducal  gorget  and  golden  chain. — The  white 
hart  lodged  was  the  favourite  badge  of  Richard  XL, 
derived  oy  him  from  his  mother  Joan,  who  had 
been  called  the  Fair  Maid  of  Kent,  heiress  .of 
Edward  Plantagenet  of  Woodstock. 

'^A  stag  is  called  a  hart  when  he  reaches  the  age 
of  six;  and  should  he  be  hunted  bv  the  king,  yet 
escape,  he  is  called  a  Hart  royal.  Though  a  goodlie 
beast,  yet  when  he  findeth  himself  fat  he  ever  lodgeth 
and  skulketh  in  secret  places  to  avoid  chasing,  as  he 
knows  himself  worth  following  and  worth  killing,  but 
most  unfit  for  flying." 

14.  A  silver  falcon,  with  wings  expanded, 
standing  within  a  golden  fetter-lock. — A  royal 
cognizance  of  Edward  IV.,  first  used  hj  his  grand- 
fiither  Edmund  of  Langlejr,  Duke  of  York,  fifth 
son  of  Edward  III.,  meanmg  that  he  was  locked 
out  £rom  all  hope  of  succession  to  the  crown. 

16.  The  red  rose  of  Lancaster. — A  royal  badge 
of  Henry  IV. 

16.  A  white  swan,  with  golden  chain  and  col- 
lar.— A  royal  badge  of  Henry  IV.,  assumed  by 
him  after  his  marriage  with  JVlary  do  Bohun.  The 
Bohuns  obtained  it  by  marriage  with  an  heiress 
of  the  Toni  family,  who  claimed  descent  from 
the  Lords  of  Boulogne,  commonly  called  the 
Knights  of  the  Swan,  in  consequence  of  an  old 
legend  that  six  brothers  of  the  family  had  been 
changed  into  swans. 

17.  An  eagle  crowned  grasping  a  sceptre,  stand- 
ing on  the  trunk  of  a  tree,  from  whence  sprouts 
forth  a  sprig  bearing  a  red  and  white  rose. — The 
badge  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  derived  partly  from 
her  mother,  Anne  Boleyn,  the  crest  of  which 
family  was  the  eagle,  and  partly  from  her  father, 
as  the  representative  of  the  houses  of  York  and 
Lancaster. 

18.  A  trunk  of  a  tree,  with  green  leaves 
sprouting. — The  rebus  of  Woodstock,  a  royal 
badffe  of  Edward  IIL 

19.  The  sword  and  sceptre  crossed. — Charles  II. 
had  granted  the  crest  of  Scotland  as  a  badge  for 
this  company;  but  deeming  that  device  more 
fitted  for  a  company  of  his  Scottish  Guards,  he 
changed  it  for  this,  one  of  the  Koyal  Stuart 
badges. 

20.  The  Eojral  Oak  of  Boscobel.— This  cogni- 
zance was  flamed  by  Charles  IL  in  remembrance 
of  his  etQtpe  in  the  oak,  when  he  was  assisted  by 
Major  Careless ;  who,  after  the  Restoration,  be- 
came an  officer  in  the  Roval  Guards,  and  was, 
according  to  regimental  tradition,  the  first  captain 
of  this  company. 

21.  The  sun  descending  from  the  clouds. — The 
device  of  Edward  III. 

22.  A  beacon  blazing.  —  A  royal  badge  of 
Henry  V, 


23.  Crossed  plumes.  —  A  royal  badge  of 
Henry  VI. 

24.  A  silver  stag,  springing  from  the  gate  of  a 
golden  triple  tower. — The  crest  of  Iremnd,  filrst 
assigned  as  such  by  James  I. 

25.  A  shield  bearing  the  cross  of  St.  George. — 
Granted  by  William  IIL 

26.  The  lion  of  Nassau.— The  anna  of  Wil- 
liam III.,  granted  by  William  HI. 

27.  Tluree  crowns,  surrounded  by  the  motto: 
"  Tria  juncta  in  uno." — The  badge  of  the  Order 
of  the  Bath.  This,  and  the  three  following 
badges,  were  granted  by  Queen  Victoria. 

28.  The  crest  of  Old 'Saxony :  — 

"  Oat  of  a  ducal  coronet  a  pillar  proper,  the  top  adorned 
with  coronet  and  plume  of  three  peacock's  feathers  prop., 
charged  with  a  star  ar. ;  on  either  side  of  the  pillar  oat  of 
coronet,  a  sickle  ar.,  handled  ga.,  the  backs  adorned  with 
tufts  of  peacock's  feathers,  and  between  them  a  horse 
courant  ar.'* 

29.  The  shamrock. — The  badge  of  Ireland,  by 
which  St.  Patrick  explained  to  the  Irish  the  doc- 
trine of  the  Trinitv. 

30.  The  crest  of  the  Prince  Consort :  — 

**  Out  of  a  ducal  coronet  a  pillar  of  the  arms  of  Sazooy 
crowned  with  a  like  coronet,  and  thereon  a  plume  of 
three  peacock's  feathers  proper." 

Coldstream  Guards, 

1.  A  white  lion. — A  royal  badge  of  Edward  IV. 

2.  The  Prince  of  Wales's  plumes. — A  badge  of 
the  Black  Prince,  who  assumed  it  in  consequence 
of  having  deplumed  John  of  Luxembourg,  King 
of  Bohemia,  at  the  battle  of  Cre^y. 

3.  A  spotted  panther.  —  A  royal  badge  of 
Henry  VI. 

4.  Two  crossed  swords. 

6.  St.  George  and  the  dragon. — ^The  badge  of 
the  Order  of  the  Garter.  St.  George  was  the 
peculiar  guardian,  protector,  defender,  and  advo- 
cate of  England. 

6.  The  rose  in  garter. 

7.  A  centaur. — The  cognizance  of  King  Stephen, 
who  took  possession  of  the  crown  of  England 
when  the  sun  was  in  the  sign  of  Sagittarius. 

8.  Two  golden  sceptres  crossed. 

9.  The  gold  knot  of  the  collar  of  the  Order  of 
the  Garter. — The  wearing  of  the  collar  was  in- 
stituted by  Henry  VH. 

10.  An  escarbuncle. — A  royal  badge  of  Hemy  II., 
derived  from  the  Earl  of  Anjou,  whose  device  it 
was. 

11.  A  white  boar  with  golden  bristles. — A 
royal  badge  of  Richard  III. 

12.  A  dun  cow. — A  royal  badge  of  Hennr  VIL, 
which  he  derived  from  his  ancestor  Guy,  Earl  of 
Warwick. 

13.  A  red  and  white  rose  impaled,  with  a 
golden  pomegranate. — ^The  roval  bad^e  of  Qaeea 
Mary.    The  rose  of  Henry  VlU.  joined  to  the 


♦»8.IT.  SmPT.4,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


apple  of  Grenada,  tbe  badge  of  Katberiiie  of  Ar-  i 
tmgon,  daughter  of  Ferdioand  If.,  Ktag  of  Spain. 

14.  A  white  horse  galloping:  granted  by  | 
George  I. — A  lojol  badge  of  George  I.  TheSazoni  | 
held  a  white  hor»e  in  (rreat  esteem,  and  carried  it 
aa  their  device.  The  Dukea  of  B  runs  wick -Lunea-  I 
bargh  carried  a  white  horse  for  their  creat ;  hut 
when  made  electora,  tranaferred  it  to  their  nrnia. 

15.  The  electoral  bonnet  of  Hanover. — A  royal 
badge  of  George  I. 

Scots  Hailier  Guards. 

1.  The  crest  of  Scotland.  "  Nemo  me  impune 
lacessit." 

2.  A  bomb.    "  Terrorem  affero." 
a.  A  lion  erect,    "  Intrepid  us." 

4.  The    badge    of   the  Order   of  ths  Thistle. 
"  Nemo  me  impune  laceaait." 
f>.  A  red  lion  with  golden  chain  and  collar. 

6.  A  blue  griffin.     "Belloque  feroi." 

7.  A  phcenii  in  the  flames.  "  Per  funera 
vitam." — According  to  tradition  Colonel  Johnston, 
wfao  rtdaed  this  company,  obtained  permisuon  to 
adopt  his  crest  as  a  badge.  He  afterwards  rose  to 
distinction  in  war;  hut  having  aaaisted  a  brother 
officer  in  carrying  ofl  an  heireaa,  he  was,  after  a 
trial,  executed. 

8.  A  thunderbolt.     "Horror  uhique."  — 

"  The  bearing  of  ligbtaing  beCokeneth  the  effecting  of 
■omc    veigbt)-  business  with    laucli   celerity  and  forcc- 

9.  A  cannon  firing.  "CoQCUSSte  eadent  urbea." — 


willn. 


OBIGIN  OF  NEWSPAPERS. 

The  Encyclopedists  and  tbe  "Enquire  Within" 

gentlemen  rarely  fail  to  tell  ua  that  the  first  newi- 

Eapers  were  called  "  Gazettes  " ;  that  they  were 
rst  printed  at  Venice,  and  derived  their  name 
from  the  ''  gszetta,"  a  small  Venetian  coin  at  tbo 
price  at  which  they  were  sold.  With  this  in- 
formation I  am  not  satiafied.  I  want  to  be  ra- 
ferred  to  some  Italian  b^k  of  tbe  uxteenth  cen- 
tury in  which  such  a  coin  aa  the  "gaietta"  is 
mentioned.  Aa  it  is,  I  distrust  the  "  gaietta,'*  M 
a  coin,  altogether. 
The  gender  of  the  vast  majontv  of  coins  is 

QASCuline.       Thus,    "  tin    nnnvATBin.  '   '*  iin    nbil- 


L9  others  reckon  i1 


10.  .\.  salamander.  '■  Pascua  notn  mihi." — 
This  was  the  crest  of  James  Earl  Douglas,  the 
first  Scotchman  mho  wiis  Knight  of  the  Garter, 

11.  St.  Andrew's  cross.  "  In  hoc  aigno  vincea." 
— When  Achaius,  king  of  the  Scots,  andHungus, 
king  of  the  Kcts,  encountered  Athelstan,  king  of 
the  .Saxons,  they  prayed  to  God  and  St.  Andrew 
for  victory,  and  suddenly  hebeld  a  flash  of  liitht- 
oing  in  tbe  shape  of  a  white  cross  in  tbe  blue 
heavens.  Thus  encouraged,  tbey  defeated  their 
enemies  and  adopted  the  cross  as  their  device. 

12.  A  trophy.  "  Ilonores  refero.'' — It  was  the 
custom  among  (he  Greeks  to  erect  a  trophy  on 
the  spot  where  an  enemy  had  been  defeated.  One 
or  two  .'■btelds  and  helmets  of  tbe  routed  enemy, 
placed  on  the  trunk  of  a  tree,  served  as  a  memorial 
of  victorv.     It  was  considered  wrong  to  deatroy 

'r  it  when  it  had 


masculine. 

ling,"  "  un  penny,"  "  un  liard,' 
"  uno  scudo  ),  "  un  piastre,"  "  un  peso."  "  nn 
fiorioo"  (or  "un  florin,  or  "  ein  gulden"),  "  un 
ducat,"  "  un  carlino,"  "  ein  tbaler,"  "  ein  kreutzer," 
"  un  centime,"  "  un  centesimo,"  "  ein  mark,"  "  an 
sluyvir,"  "ein  guilder,"  "uncuarto,"  "unmaque," 
"  em  rapp,"  "  un  real,"  "  un  sequin,"  "  nu  ba- 
jocco."  The  Paolo,  the  Frederic,  the  Napoleon, 
and  the  Louia  would  be  necesaaiily  masculine  in 
consequence  of  the  sex  of  tbeii-  sponsors ;  yet  so 
far  has  the  system  of  making  money  masculine 
been  carried,  that  the  Spanish  hundred-real  pieco, 
although  named  after  a  queen  of  Spain,  takes  the 
ruder  gender  as  "  un  Isabellino."  The  only  ex- 
ceptions to  tbe  rule  which  I  can  call  to  mind 
are  "  one  ^uinfie,"  the  sound  of  whose  termina- 
tion makes  it  feminine;  "  une  pistole,"  "  una  onta 
doubloon),  and  tbe  modem  ItaUan 


In  a  letter  from  Francis  Bacon  to  his  brother 
Anthony,  quoted  in  Mr.  Hepworth  Dixon's  Per- 
lonal  Hikorff,  and  dated  May  9,  1696,  I  read : — 

"  ¥esUmigbt  Sir  Jobn  Fortescue  told  me  you  had  not 
rnnny  hours  before  imparted  Id  the  Queen  your  adver- 
tisement, and  the  Gazettes  likewise,  nbich  tbe  Queen 
desired  Mr.  FI.  Slanhope  (o  rear!  all  over  to  her,  and  her 
Majesty  oommanded  ihtg  be  not  made  vulgar." 

Again  Bacon  writes : — 

"  I  have  remembered  yoar  salulaliac  to  Sir  John 
Forteacne,  and  delivered  tiim  the  ( 


it,  and  equally  wrong 
fallen  through  ''  " "  ' 
be  perpetual. 

13.  A  dog.    "  In  funera  fldea." 

14.  A   lion   erect.      "  Intrepidoa.' 
third  company. 

15.  The  old  badge  of  the  Order  of  the  Thiatle. 
'*  Nemo  me  impune  lacessit" 

Hembi  F.  Ponsoxbt  (Colonel). 


inne  but 


What  were  these  "gaiettea"  ?    Scarcely  news- 

Sapers,  I  should  aay.  Rather  copies  of  reports  or 
c^spatches.  Not  printed,  I  fancy,  else  why  should 
Queen  Elizabeth  have  commanded  that  "they 
be  not  made  vulgar"  ?  We  were  then  at  war  with 
"    ■       ""     "    -  ...      ■    ™      ^^j^  g  .._. 


losity  ought  not  to  under  orders  for  foreign  service,  iit.  Dixon  tells 
us  that  Anthony  and  Francis  Bacon  were  busied 
in  collecting  news  for  the  Queen  from  foreign 
spies  and  jort^/n  gaiettet.  But  they  would  have 
learnt  nothing  of  the  intentions  of  the  King  of 
Spain  from  a  "gaaette"  published  in  Venice. 
Of  what  ia  the  Spanish  "gaceta"  a  diminutive. 


192 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


l^^  S.  IV.  Smrr.  4,  '«9. 


if  it  be  a  diminutive  at  all  ?  Has  any  one  heard 
of  a  Spanish  coin  called  a  "  gaceta  "?  You  see 
that  I  am  completely  in  the  ^ark,  and  am  asking 
for  the  most  elementary  information. 

It  has  occurred  to  me  that  the  Mint  at  Venice 
is  called  *'  La  Zecca  '* ;  and  it  is  possible  that  the 
Zecca  may  in  former  times  have  issued  a  small 
token  or  pocket-piece  called  a  zecchino  or  ze- 
chetto,  which  the  Venetians,  with  their  usual 
fondness  for  softening  words,  made  feminine.  On 
the  day  of  Victor  Emmanuel's  entry  into  Venice 
in  1866  I  heard  a  gondolier  allude  to  his  Mftjesty 
as  '*  la  Re  " ;  and  the  good  old  professor  who  was 
at  that  time  reading  Goldorii's  plays  in  the  Vene- 
tian dialect  with  me  told  me  that  this  locution  of 
the  gondolier  was  neither  a  slip  of  the  tongue  nor 
the  result  of  ignorance,  but  a  deliberate  act  of 
re-sexing,  intended  to  express  a  passionately  af- 
fectionate loyalty.  Thus  "  Zecchetto  "  might  thus 
become  "  Zecchetta,"  and  the  firat  newspapers 
might  be  sold  for  a  *' zecchetta " ;  but,  alas! 
"  Zecchetta ''  is  no  more  "  Gazetta  "  than  autocrat 
is  an  autograph. 

I  am  quite  willing  to  believe  in  the  Venetian 
origin  of  newspapers,  for  Kt.  Mark's  Place  has 
been  from  time  immemorial  the  head  quarters  of 
tittle-tattle  and  scandal.  "  Elle  ne  manque  qu'au 
tapis,"  said  a  Frenchman  to  me  once,  *'  pour  etre 
nn  salon."  From  certain  flags  of  the  pavement, 
exclusively  set  apart  to  be  paced  by  the  Venetian 
senators,  called  tne  Broglio,  and  where  they  talked 
scandal,  and  occasionally  hatched  plots  against  the 
serene  republic,  we  may  derive  the  now  natu- 
ralised English  word  "  imbroglio."  It  is  true  that 
some  derive  it  from  the  French  '*  brouille,"  a 
muddle,  but  we  had  previously  naturalised  "brou- 
ille  "  as  "  embroil."  It  is  quite  feasible — Venice 
having  so  early  shown  her  proficiency  in  the  art  of 
type-setting — that  the  tittle-tattle  of  the  Piazza 
.and  the  Piazzetta  should  have  taken  printed  shape ; 
(but  why  need  the  first  news-sheet  have  borrowed 
its  name  from  a  piece  of  money  ?  Is  it  not  more  pro- 
'bable  that  it  was  christened  "  Gazzetta,"  the  di- 
minutive of  "gazza,"  a  magpie — a  chatterer  ?  Such 
is  my  hypothesis.  Have  1  been  forestalled  in  it  ? 
I  am  reminded  in  conclusion  that  when  the  Aus- 
trians  were  in  possession  of  Venetia,  the  Official 
Gazette  of  Venice,  the  first  page  of  which  was 
decorated  with  an  effigy  of  the  Austrian  eagle, 
was  habitually  spoken  of  by  the  lower  class  of 
Venetians  as  "  La  Gallina."  When  the  Tedeschi 
evacuated  Venice,  the  newsboys  used  to  go  about 
crying  **  Ecco  la  Gazzetta  Uffiziale — senza  Gal- 
lina!  The  ef^gy  of  the  unpopular  eagle  had 
given  place  to  the  cross  of  Savoy.  There  would 
seem  to  exist  a  dim  traditional  association  between 
birds  and  journalism  in  St  Mark's  Place.  Is  it 
not  the  favourite  rendezvous  of  the  pigeons?  and 
was  not  a  dove  the  first  of  special  correspondents? 
Of  coarse  if  it  can  be  proved  that  there  was  ever 


an  Italian  coin  called  a  '^  gazetta,'*  my  arguments 
fall  to  the  ground ;  and,  equally  of  course,  if  it 
has  been  previously  pointed  out  that  the  first 
newspapers  were  called  "  gazzette,"  or  "  little 
magpies,''  this  communication  resolves  itself  into 
so  much  waste  paper. 

Gbobge  Atjgusttts  Sala. 
Frankfort-on-the-Main« 


FILIUSNATURALIS:  LEGITIMATION  BYKOYAL 
PRECEPT  OR  CHARTER. 

"William,  the  third  Lord  Borthwick,  died  in 
1503.  He  had  a  brother,  Alexander  of  Nenthom, 
who  was  living  in  1495,  and  at  least  two  sons. 
William,  the  fourth  Lord  Borthwick,  was  killed 
at  Flodden  in  1513.  Alexander  of  Nen thorn,  his 
brother,  married,  had  issue,  and  Cunningham 
Boi-thwick,  Esq.,  who  now  claims  the  honours,  is 
allowed  to  be  his  male  descendant  and  represen- 
tative. 

Upon  January  21, 1488,  AMlliam  Lord  Borth- 
wick appeared  with  Alexander  Borthwick  his  son, 
and  took  a  protest  against  certain  proceedings 
depending  before  the  Lords  Auditors,  who  had  at 
that  date  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases,  and  who  were 
latterly  superseded  by  the  institution  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Justice,  now  known  as  the  Court  of 
Session. 

There  is  thus  no  doubt  that  the  third  Lord 
Borthwick  had  a  son  called  Alexander,  who  was 
with  his  father  a  protester  against  certain  judicial 
proceedings  depending  before  the  Lords  Auditors. 
Lord  William  is  not  represented  on  the  record  as 
guardian  of  his  son,  consequently  in  1488  Alexan- 
der Borthwick  must  be  presumed  to  have  been 
of  full  age,  and  entitled  to  appear  to  protect  his 
own  interest. 

Boing  entered  in  the  record  as  son  of  William 
the  third  lord,  it  is  equally  clear  that  he  must  be 
assumed  to  have  been  a  lawful  son.  This  is  made 
more  manifest,  if  requisite,  by  the  fact  that  in  cer- 
tain entails  of  land  tne  substitution  is  to  him  and 
to  the  heirs  male  of  his  body,  whom  failing  to  his 
heirs  male  whatsoever.  Now,  as  a  bastard  has 
neither  heirs  male  nor  heirs  female — except  those 
of  his  own  body — such  a  substitution  must  have 
been  inoperative  had  he  been  of  unlawful  birth. 

The  honours  descended  in  the  direct  line  for 
many  years,  when  there  was  a  failure  of  male 
heirs,  and  the  estates — at  least  what  remained — 
went  to  the  heir  of  line. 

The  title  remained  unclaimed  for  some  time ; 
abortive  attempts  were  made  by  the  Borthwicks 
of  Crookston  to  induce  a  Committee  of  Privileges 
to  decide  in  their  favour.  At  last  a  claim  was 
given  in  by  and  allowed  to  Henry  Borthwick,  the 
direct  male  representative  of  Alexander  of  Nen- 
thom,  who  became  tenth  Lord  Borthwick.  Djing 
without  issue  in  1772,  the  title  again  .beanie 


4«kS.lV.  S«rr.4,'69.] 


JfOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


193 


dormant,  but  was  claimed  by  Archibald  Borth- 
wick  in  1808,  and  upon  his  death  in  1816,  his 
eldest  son  Patrick  renewed  the  claim  in  1816. 
He  died  in  1840,  and  upon  the  return  of  his  only 
surviving  son  from  abroad  the  claim  of  his  prede- 
cessors was  revived,  and  it  is  at  present  before  the 
Lords  Committee  of  Privileges.  The  turning  point 
was  the  meaning  to  be  attached  to  the  expression 
Jilius  naturalis  which  occurred  in  two  very  ques- 
tionable-looking deeds,  by  reason  of  which  it  was 
asserted  that  before  the  year  1600  the  adjective 
naturalis  had  in  Scotland  the  effect  of  fixing 
bastardy  upon  the  individual  so  described. 

Their  Lordships,  without  considering  it  necessary 
to  make  any  investigation  as  to  the  validity  of  the 
suspicious  writings,  were  unanimously  of  opinion 
that  the  expression  jiaturalis  meant  generally  the 
natural  born  issue  of  a  man,  and  did  not  indicate 
illegitimacy — a  sound  judgment,  more  especially 
when  in  Scotland  bastardus  was  the  term  almost 
uniformly  applied  at  that  date  and  previously 
where  the  child  was  unlawfully  born. 

An  interesting  illustration  of  the  soundness  of 
this  interpretation  has  recently  come  under  the 
observation  of  the  writer.  King  James  VI.  of 
Scotland,  who,  as  most  persons  are  aware,  was 
educated  by  the  learned  Buchanan,  uses  the  word 
in  a  remarkable  award  issued  by  him  in  1618 
exactly  in  the  same  sense  as  that  recognised  by 
the  Lords  of  the  Committee. 

Upon  the  death  of  the  tenth  Earl  of  Ormonde, 
His  only  daughter  the  Lady  Elizabeth,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  title  passing  to  the  next  heir  male, 
who  claimed  the  estates,  was  left  in  a  position 
not  befitting  her  birth.  The  king  by  consent  of 
her  ladyship,  her  husband.  Lord  Dingwall,  and 
of  the  eleventh  Earl  of  Ormonde,  agreed  to  arbi- 
trate between  them.  His  majesty,  in  awarding 
lands  and  hereditaments  to  the  lady  of  a  certain 
yearly  value,  says  that  this  should  be  done  by 
the  said  *'  newe  Earle  of  Ormond  as  if  he  had  been 
the  naturall  sonne  and  heir  male  of  the  body  "  of 
the  Lady  Elizabeth's  father.  Here  his  majesty 
shows  as  clearly  as  possible  the  meaning  attached 
by  him  to  the  word  natural.  When  his  Scotish 
early  education  by  the  accomplished  Buchanan, 
the  most  classical  of  modern  writers  in  Latin,  is 
taken  into  consideration,  and  the  admission  even 
of  those  who  look  with  contempt  on  his  ability  as 
a  sovereign  that  his  scholarship  was  indisputable, 
his  majesty's  use  of  the  word  in  this  sense  may  be 
accepted  as  the  proper  and  legitimate  interpreta- 
tion. 

Lord  Eldon  and  the  Law  Lords,  in  the  great 
Roxburghe  cause,  had  previously  held  that  carnal 
did  not  indicate  illegitimacy ;  but,  until  the  recent 
opinion  in  the  Borthwick  case,  the  legal  meaning 
of  naturalis  had  never  bf^en  disposed  of  judicially. 

It  does  not  appear  to  be  known  in  the  South 
that  about  the  very  period  which  gave  rise  to 


this  controversy  about  the  meaning  of  an  adjec- 
tive— which  has  by  contemporary  authority  been 
declared  again  and  again  to  mean  the  lawfnl  issue 
of  a  man's  body — that  the  king  had  the  power  of 
legitimating,  to  the  effect  of  enabling  the  succes- 
sion to  pass,  as  if  the  party  had  been  bom  in  law- 
ful wedlock.  This  was  done  by  a  royal  charter 
or  precept.  Thus  the  Gowrie  family  originally 
got  the  barony  of  Kuthven  and  estates  by  virtue 
of  such  a  deed,  which,  on  the  face, of  it,  bore  that 
the  ffrantees  were  bastards.  President  Balfour, 
next  century,  in  his  Institute,  lays  down  the  royal 
prerogative  as  indisputable. 

In  England,  lawyers  are  apt  to  confound  royal 
charters  or  precepts  with  letters  of  legitimation, 
the  object  of  which  was  to  give  bastards  a  power 
to  test.    They  are  quite  distinct  writs.        Jl  M* 


WALTER  SAVAGE  LANDOR. 

On  reading  the  critique  in  The  Times  on  Mr. 
Forster's  Life  of  this  author,  I  at  once  recollected 
that  I  had  among  my  correspondence  as  secre- 
tary of  the  Jenner  monument  committee  two  very 
characteristic  letters  of  Landor,  of  which,  as  they 
may  be  interesting  to  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  i 
subjoin  copies. 

I  may  premise  that  I  had  forwarded  to  him 
the  usual  printed  circular,  asking  permission  to 
add  his  name  to  the  list  of  the  committee.  To 
this  I  received  the  following  answer,  dated  "  Bath, 
Sept.  27,'*  which  I  find  I  have  endorsed  1860:  — 

«  Sir, 

*'  I  hasten  to  acknowledge  the  honour  you  do  me 
in  thinking  me  worthy  of  a  place  in  the  committee 
on  the  raising  of  a  statue  to  Jenner.  Only  once  in  ray 
life  have  1  attended  any  public  meeting.  It  was  fifty 
years  ago,  on  Pitt's  inquisitorial  income  tax.  This 
wretch,  the  greatest  mischief  our  country  ever  endured, 
has  a  statue  raised  to  him.  Jenner,  none !  Canning  and 
a  crowd  of  such  adventurers  have  theirs  also.  Even 
George  III.,  the  dismemberer  of  America,  and  two  or 
three  of  bis  scoundrel  sons,  enjoy  similar  honours. 

"  Now,  consider  whether  there  can  be  any  true  and 
real  one,  in  standing  on  the  same  ground  with  such 
people.  Cromwell  our  great  Protector,  and  Milton  our 
greater,  are  excluded  from  our  Houses  of  Parliament,  and 
even  from  our  streets.  What  wise  and  honest  man  would 
not  blush  at  holding  a  place  which  they  are  forbidden  to 
occupy  ?  If  Jenner  has  a  statue  in  bronze,  it  ought  to 
be  in  an  hospital,  it  ought  to  be  where  men  possess  a 
right  and  lie  under  an  obligation  to  be  grateful." 

On  the  receipt  of  this  letter,  I  took  no  steps  in 
regard  to  Mr.  Landor,  for  the  reasons  which  are 
stated  in  the  letter  I  am  about  to  quote,  until  I 
received  a  communication  from  him  inquiring 
why  he  had  not  heard  from  me.  To  which  1 
replied :  — 

<*  At  the  time  I  received  your  letter  of  the  27th  Sept., 
I  felt  considerable  difficulty  as  to  whether  I  should  con- 
sider it  an  authority  to  enrol  your  name  as  a  member  of 
the  committee;  but,  having  submitted  it  to  the  other 
members,  I  found  that  in  their  opinion,  as  you  had  not 


194 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  &  lY.  Ssn.  4,  68. 


expressly  stated  your  wish  to  accept,  I  would  not  be 
justified  in  taking  this  step." 

Adding,  of  course,  that  we  were  gratified  to  find 
that  we  had  been  mistaken. 

The  response  received  was  not  in  MS.,  but  in 
the  shape  of  a  proof  slip  from  the  printing  office 
of  a  Bath  newspaper :  — 

"  A  MoNUMSNT  TO  Jenstbr.  (To  thc  Secretary  of 
the  Committee  for  the  Jenner  Monument.)  —  Sir,  The 
note  you  address  to  me  this  morning  is  very  hononrable 
to  your  feelings,  and  very  satisfactory  to  mine.  Yon  know 
I  am  no  friend  to  monuments ;  but  if  ever  monument 
was  due  to  mortal  man,  it  is  due  to  Jenner.  The  deli- 
cacy of  the  French  Emperor,  at  once  magoificent  and 
frugal,  withheld  him  from  subscribing  to  a  larger  sum 
than  has  been  given  by  our  own  Prince  Albert.  £ach  of 
these  illuacrious  personages  may  feel  grateful  (if  princes 
ever  do)  of  death  warded  off  from  those  who  are  the 
dearest  to  them,  and  at  a  period  when  no  other  than  the 
tenderest  affections  can  be  excited.  Louis  Napoleon 
has  little  to  spare  from  the  decoration  of  his  capital  and 
the  defence  of  Europe :  and  His  Royal  Highness  Prince 
Albert  can  hardly  be  expected  to  exceed  the  donation  of 
twentv-five  pounds  out  of  his  scanty  pocket-money  of 
only  fifty  or  sixty  thousand  a-year.  Perhaps  the  people  of 
England  might  be  well  pleased  if  the  memory  of  their 
greatest  benefactor,  and  of  the  world's,  had  been  honoured 
at  the  value  of  one  diamond,  the  smallest  of  those  which 
it  is  reported  have  been  lately  presented  to  Royal  hands 
in  this  country.'^ 

Geoboe  Vebb  Ibvikg. 


PIECES  FROM  MANUSCRIPTS.  No.  VII. 

The  epitaph  of  poor  William  Grey,  whose  wife's 
temper  shortened  his  life ;  together  with  an 
answer  showing  him  that  his  death  was  the  best 
thing  that  could  happen  to  him. 

F.  J.  Ftjbnivall. 

Lansdowne  MS.  98.  [if.  206.] 
Ax  Epitapub  made  by  Will/^m  Grey,  lykno  ox 

HIS    DEATHS    BED,    AND     BY    HIM    AFFOIXTED    TO    BB 
SET   ON   HIS   TOMBE. 

Lo,  here  Lyeth  Grey,  vnder  the  groundc. 

Among  the  gredy  woormes, 

wAich  in  his  life-tyme  never  fonnde 

but  strife  and  sturdy  storme^ 

And  namely  thrugh  a  wicked  wife, 

as  to  the  world  appeares, 

She  was  the  shortcner  of  his  life 

By  many  dales  and  yeres. 

he  might  haue  lived  long,  god  wot, 

his  yeres  they  were  but  yong : 

of  wicked  wifes  thin  is  the  lot, 

to  kill  with  spitefull  tong ; 

Whose  memory  shall  still  rcmainc 

In  writong  here  with  me. 

That  men  might  know  whom  she  hathe  slayne, 

And  say  **  the  same  is  she.*' 

An  Answer. 

If  that  thy  wicked  wife  had  sponne  the  thred, 

and  were  the  wevcr  of  thy  wo. 

Than  art  thow  doble  happy  to  be  ded, 

as  bappelv  dispatched  so. 

If  rage  dfd  cause  thd  canseles  to  complaine, 

and  madde  moode  mover  of  thy  mone, 


If  iVensy  forsed  on  thy  testy  brayne, 

Than  bieste*  is  she  now  to  live  alone. 

So,  whether  were  the  grounde  of  others  gpriefe. 

Because  so  doubtfull  was  the  dome, 

Now  deathe  bathe  brought  yovr  paine  a  right  relief 

And  blessed  be  ye  bothe  become  : 

She,  that  she  lives  no  lenger  bounde  to  here 

The  rule  of  suche  a  froward  hed ; 

Thow,  that  thow  livest  no  lenger,  fane  to  feare 

the  restles  rampe  that  thow  hadst  wed. 

Be  thow  as  glad,  therefore,  that  tliow  art  gon. 

As  she  is  glad  she  dothe  abide  ; 

ffor  so  ye  be  asonder,  all  is  ooft ; 

A  badder  matche  in  no  ca»u  can  betide. 


"  A  Handy-book  about  Books  " :  Afpea.l  fob 
Assistance. — A  little  work  with  the  foregoing 
title,  of  which  an  abridged  prospectus  appears  in 
the  advertising  columns  of  this  day's  number  of 
'^  N.  &  Q./'  is  so  far  advanced  that  already,  a  por- 
tion of  it  being  in  the  printer's  hands,  I  feel 
myself  justified  in  raising  what  I  may  C4dl  a 
literary  haro,  or  cry  for  nelp,  to  "  bookworms, 
bookbuyers,  and  booksellers/'  to  aid  me  in  ren- 
dering it  as  perfect  as  possible  —  the  sixth  and 
seventh  divisions  of  the  work,  namely,  the  list  of 
places  where  printing  is  carried  on  in  Great  Bri- 
tain, and  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  dealers 
in  old  books.  Part  yi.,  founded  on  the  informa- 
tion given  in  Dr.  Cotton's  useful  Typographical 
GazeUeer  (editions  of  1831  and  1866),  with  such  ad- 
ditions and  corrections  as  I  have  been  able  to  makOy 
is  I  am  sure  capable  of  being  further  extended ; 
and  as  to  Part  vii.,  the  only  replies  I  received  to 
advertisements  asking  old-book  dealers  for  the 
required  information,  were  six  catalogues  firom 
London  and  five  from  provincial  booksellers.  As 
I  have  neither  money  to  waste  nor  time  to  spare 
for  this  kind  of  **  pursuit  of  knowledge  under 
difficulties,"  I  would  most  respectfully  ask  those 
who  approve  of  the  plan  of  the  Handy -hook  to 
furnish  me  from  their  several  localities  the  in- 
formation required,  and  would  esteem  it  a  further 
favour  if  communicated  as  soon  as  possible. 

A  copy  of  the  prospectus,  with  a  specimen  of 
each  part,  is  printed,  and  will  be  forwarded  to 
those  who  desire  to  see  it  on  addressing 

John  Poweb. 

3,  College  Terrace,  Cambridge  Road, 
Hammersmith,  \V. 

Dtjnmow  Flitch. — The  revival  of  the  ancient 
ceremony  of  the  presentation  of  the  Dunmow 
Flitch  having  been  consummated  on  August  16, 
after  an  interval  of  twelve  years,  the  last  having 
taken  place  in  1857;  it  may  perhaps  be  desirable 
that  some  account  of  it  should  be  registered  in 
'<  N.  &  Q."  for  the  benefit  of  those  in  future  years 
who  may  take  an  interest  in  a  revival  of  old  cus- 
toms. 


•  For  «  blcMed." 


4«8,1V.  Sbi-t,  4, 'SS,] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


According  to  T/k  Standard,  the  following  nsre 
tlie  claimuita,  but  atniDge  to  mj  odIj  two  of  them 
Attended  to  prore  their  title  to  the  "flitch,"  and 

M  DO  Other  claimunti  

decided  that  Mr.  aai 
•nd  his  wife  should 
they  were  entitled  :  — 

"Mr.  J.  WalhinsDD,  27,  Dorset  Gsrdsna,  BriRbton ; 
Hr.J.  J.CIesR.  Cadiz  Light  Wine  Auociation,  Kinc'a 
HeBdT.ri,Tool«v  Street.  BorouRh ;  Mr.  E.  Wood,  41, 
Onstow  Sqnire,  BrnmptoD ;  Mr.  W.  Coason,  3,  Comwalt 
Rout.  Victoria  Park  i  Mr.  Manefleld,  7,  Lower  Ter- 
rier, MilrlDiay  Park.  Stoke  Newington  ;  Mr.  G.  J.  Horn, 
13,  H'inrick  lIuildirES,  Worthing  i  Mr.  W.  Wreraell, 
UI.LeichWn  Road,  Kenli»h  Town  ;  Mr,  J.  FranciJ,  New 
Tbutn,  Greenwicli ;  Mr.  H.  Barlon,  28,  Clarence  Street, 
WateHou  Town  ;  tir.  Wrston,  'il,  Brixton  Place.  Brixton 
anad;  Mr.  F.  Mitchell,  I,  Cottage  Placn.  Maidetone 
Hill,  Blaokhealh  Koad ;  Mr.  H.  HarmswoTth,  21,  King 
David  Luie,  ShadwHI;  Mr.  G.  R.  Mann,  SS,  George 
SlTMt,  Riehmond  ;  Mr.  Leader,  Rydon  Crescent.  Uerken- 
vtll;  Mr.  J.  U.  Peters,  Post  Office,  Ventnor,  Isle  of 
Wigbt;  Mr.  W.  Hind.s3.  BromjgrovB Terrace,  SbrfBeld; 
Hr.  G.  H.  Doufiblv,  Wellington,  Salop;  and  Mr.  Ebe- 
Bcirt  Whimper,  Leigh  Hall,  Eiaex,  lad  83,  KenningtoD 
Boad,  Lambeth." 

It  ma;  its  well  be  stated  that  Air.  E.  T.  Stnitb, 
of  Cremorne,  was  (as  in  1857)  the  prime  mover  in 
the  affair,  and  that  the  vicar  strongly  protested 
against  the  reoewal  of  the  custom. 

Edward  C.  Davies. 

Cavendish  Club. 


awinfc-maitcr;  aad  has,  daring  the  Itat  twentTT«an. 
camuiated  alaree  collection  of  {nctnres,  painted  Kir  bla 
Ti  gratiflcation,  but  shown  to  few." 


JtTSiCS  ASD  I'bascis. — In  Mr.  Ilayward's  well- 
known  articlu,  "More  about  Junius"  (Praser'i 
Magazine,  Uec.  lt<(!7,  p.  811),  he  i^uotee  Lord 
Macaulay'a  remark  on  Juuius's  hostility  to  the 
Lnitrells,  that  "  Francis  was  born  and  passed  the 
firit  ten  years  of  his  life  within  a  walk  of  Lut- 


trelstoun,"  and  replies 
And  quitted  Ireland  for  e' 


.8  bom  in  Dublin, 
1  his  fifth  or  sixth 
yeuJ'  Hut  from  Mr.  Parkes's  recent  Life  of 
F)^anei',  it  appears  that  he  was  bora  in  1740;  and 
that  when  iu  1740  his  father  left  Dublin,  he 
(p-4)- 
"  left  his  jouns  son  in  care  of  his  Dublin  relations  to 

ool,  or  wbi 


To  thia  I  may  add,  that  Hi.  Henkin  wu  the 
artist  of  the  portraits  in  the  braMleta  worn  by 
the  bridesmaioa  at  the  marriage  of  Queen  Victoria. 
R.B.  P. 
WoiCBH  IK  EsQLABD,  —Perhaps  the  following 
I  esttact  may  be  interesting  atatimewhea  women's 
!  rights  are  engaging  so  much  attention,  aa  show- 
'  ing  what  was  thought  of  women's  condition  in 
England  two  centuries  and  a  half  ago,  when 
'  women  laboured  under  far  greater  diMMT  an  tables 
i  than  at  present.  If  Miss  Becker  and  her  disciples 
would  credit  the  statement  of  honest  Master  Bald- 
I  wyn,  that  England  is  the  paradise  of  women, 
&c.,  they  might  possibly  draw  the  moral,  to  rest 
'  and  be  tbanliiii] :  — 

■■  Q.  /n  uhat  amntty  u  it  Ihat  womn  have  the  greatal 
prerogaiipet  ? 

I  "  A.  In  England,  wbere  tbey  are  not  kept  lo  Mverd}- 
I  eubmlu  {tic)  ai  the  French,  not  lo  jealousl;  guarded  Bf 
the  llsliane,  aa  being,  aa  of  a  finer  mould,  so  vf  a  better 
:  temper  tlian  to  yield  to  an  inordinate  servilitv,  or  incon- 
'  tinency.  which  makee  them  endued  with  bo  many  privi- 
leges amongst  us.  that  England  la  termed  bj  foreigners 
Me  Paradite  of  fVorien,  aa  it  is  by  some  accounted  the 
Hell  of  Horses,  and  Purgatory  o!  Servants.  And  it 
is  a  common  by-word  among  the  Italians,  that  if  there 
were  a  bridge  bnitt  over  the  narrow  seas,  all  the  women, 
ia  Earope  would  mo  into  England ;  they  having  here 
the  npper-hand  in  the  atreeta,  the  appermont  place  at  the 
table,  the  thirds  of  their  hnsbandt'  eetates,  and  llieir 
eqnal  shar«a  in  all  lands,  yea,  even  snch  aa  are  balden  in 
knight'a  aerrice  ;  pririleees  wherewith  womea  of  other 
countrlea  are  not  acquamted." — Tht  JVeu  Help  lo  Dit- 
coMTit,  1619.    Lond.  p.  61. 

Hamill  J.  Alciwil. 


phili 


but  not  later  than  1751-2. 


Cntii,. 


Mr.  J.  B.  IIenkin.— The  following  is  taken 
from  Enyiuei-viag  of  July  30,  1860,  p.  67 :  — 

*'  It  is  a  fart  well  worthy  of  record  tbatthe  artist  who 
painted  the  renllv  able  frescoes  which  adonied  tbs  in- 
terior of  (be  shHiis  leading  tn  the  [Thames]  tunnel,  Mr. 
J.  B.  Henkin,  ha<  been  Ihe  engine  tenter  here  [Thamea 
tunnel!  for  Iw^niv  years.  It  is  a  matter  for  deep  regret 
that  one  who  E>tiiriied  many  years  under  PrescotC  Knight, 
with  much  abililv  and  more  promise,  should  have  failed 
to  rolHI  the  cxper iRtions  of  his  earlier  life.  It  was  ha 
who  produced  many  of  the  mnst  wonderful  lithographs 
of  David  Roberta's' Holy  Land,'  who  painted  from  de- 
scription all  the  well-re  mem  beroi  pictures  with  which 


I      MiLTONiAKA.  —  I  have  iu  my  presession  a  book 
entitled  Oxford  and  Cambridge  ititcellang  Poems. 

Jahhshed  la  the  reign  of  the  "godlike  Anna" 
as  she  b  therein  called),  and  (Mntaining  fustian 
odea  and  coarse  satires  of  hers  and  the  three  pre- 
ceding reigns.  Among  these  compositions  I  find 
included  some  — 

"  Erttvtpon  Lim  upvit  a  Faggat,  by  Mr.  MUtim," 

heginniug — 

"  Have  JOD  not  in  a  chimney  seen 

A  faggot  which  ia  moiat  and  green  ? 

How  coyly  it  receives  the  heat,  tc" 

The  remmning  five  lines  bein^  so  coatse  as  to 

afford  piesumptiTe  evidence  agomst  the  attributed 

anthoiship. 

The  same  volume  contuns  some  lines  relating 
to  Milton,  which  I  annei  as  a  spedmen  of  theas 
"  Mbcellaniea  " : — 

"On  At  TeprMmg  Mr.  MStim't  Prom  Worit,  vHA  hit 
Poemi,  mritleH  n  hu  Paradiit  Loit,  fty  Mr.  TaUm. 


196 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»'S.  IV.  Sw*r.  4»  '69. 


Till  thy  seditious  prose  provokes  oar  rage, 
And  soils  the  beauties  of  thy  brightest  page : 
Thus  here  we  see  transporting  scenes  arise — 
Heav*n's  radiant  host,  and  opening  paradise ; 
Then  trembling  view  the  dread  abyss  beneath, 
HoH's  horrid  mansions,  and  the  realms  of  death. 
Whilst  here  thy  bold  majestick  numbers  rise, 
And  range  th'  embattled  legions  of  the  skies. 
With  armies  fill  the  azure  plains  of  light, 
And  paint  the  lively  terrors  of  the  fight. 
We  own  the  poet  worthy  to  rehearse 
Heav'n*s  lasting  triumphs  in  immortal  verse; 
But  when  thy  impious  mercenary  pea 
In!*ults  the  best  of  prioces,  best  of  men, 
Our  admiration  turns  to  just  ditnlain, 
And  we  revoke  the  fond  applause  again. 
Like  the  falKn  an^ls  in  their  happy  state. 
Thou  shar  dst  their  nature,  insolence,  and  fate : 
To  harps  divine  immortal  hymns  they  sung 
As  sweet  thy  voice,  as  sweet  thy  lyre  was  strung. 
As  they  did  rebels  to  th'  Almighty  grow. 
So  thou  prophan*st  his  image  here  below. 
Apostate  Bard  !  may  not  thy  guilty  ghost 
Discover  to  its  own  eternal  cost, 
That  as  they  heav'n,  thou  paradise  hast  lost. 


,..} 


Such  hemp;  the  sentiments  of  the  university 
poets  of  the  later  Stuarts,  it  suggests  itself  whe- 
ther the  first-mentioned  ribald  line^  may  not  have 
been  wilfully  misattributed  to  Milton. 

J.  W.  H. 
Beckenham. 

Proverb.  — When  speaking  of  a  cowardly  but 
cantankerous  person,  we  often  say  that  "  his  bark 
is  worse  than  his  bite.''  This  is  not  an  original 
proverb,  but  like  the  one  I  quoted  in  a  recent  num- 
ber of  "N.  &  Q."  is  borrowed  from  Quintus 
Curtius,  De  Rebus  Gent.AIexnnd.  Magn.  lib.vii.  14 — 
*'  Canis  timidus  vehementiiis  latrat  quam  mordet." 

This  work  of  Quintus  Curtius,  though  unfortu- 
nately not  perfect,  is,  from  the  purity  and  elegance 
of  its  diction  and  the  many  noble  sentiments  with 
which  it  abounds,  worthy  of  being  better  known 
than  it  is,  and  would  form  both  a  useful  and 
interesting  class-book  in  our  public  schools.  It 
would  be  difficult  to  cull  from  any  writer  of  anti- 
quity a  finer  piece,  either  for  style  or  loftiness  of 
sentiment,  than  that  which  is  put  into  the  mouth 
of  the  Scythian  ambassadors  (lib.  vii.  33),  and 
with  which,  in  its  English  dress,  I  remember  to 
have  been  wonderfully  charmed  as  a  boy. 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Rectory,  Arundel. 


<fturrtC5f* 

Ancient  BoROUons,  etc. — 1.  I  am  anxious  to 
aacerbiin  whether  or  no  Xewcastle-under-Lyme 
should  not  rather  be  a  congener  of  Ashton-under- 
Line.  The  **  forest  *'  and  the  *'  river  "  accounting 
for  "  Lyme  *'  in  the  first  of  these  niirnoH  appt^ar  to 
be  insufficient,  or  at  any  rate  unsubstantiated, 
explanations;  and  Lyme,  Line,  and  Lyne  are  to 


be  found  in  various  publications,  although  Parliar 
ment  supports  "  Lvme. " 

2.  There  is  a  ruin  near  the  ''  higher  land  "  of 
Newcastle  which  is  not  noticed  in  any  account  of 
this  borough  which  I  have  met  with.  Is  it  the 
veritable  castle  whence  the  name  itself  is  de- 
rived? 

3.  By  which  Earl  of  Chester  was  the  earliest 
castle  built  here,  and  what  family  is  represented 
by  the  third  escutcheon  hung  out  on  the  battle-* 
ments,  as  figured  on  the  ancient  seal  of  the 
borough  ?  The  first  coat  is  *'  Chester,"  the  second 
England  or  Lancaster  (?),  but  the  third  a  lion  .  . . 
within  a  border  . .  .  bezants,  I  do  not  know,  and 
the  tinctures  being  varied  according  to  the  fanoj 
of  shopkeepers  who  use  the  arms  as  a  sign,  there 
is  a  difficulty  in  describing  them.  For  example^ 
in  the  sign  of  ''  The  Borough  Arms  '^  hotel  the 
arms  of  Chester  are  queerly  altered  into  three 
hands! — (perhaps  to  signify  conviviality,  although 
the  wheatsheaves  would  have  done  so  equally  well). 
Then  the  lion  has  varied  his  tincture  in  the 
second  escutcheon ;  and  in  the  third,  equally  con- 
fusing alterations  have  been  made. 

But  the  arms  on  the  seal  are  not>  strictly 
speaking,  borough  arms.  The  borough  has  a  seel 
bearing  arms  as  accessories,  but  not  pertaining* 
exclusively  to  the  borough.  I  do  not  mean  to 
deny  the  right  to  '^  arms,"  but  rather  to  raiae  a 
question. 

4.  In  some  ancient  boroughs  and  cities  the 
burgesses  have  peculiar  rights,  and  certain  ancient 
benefactions  still  continue  to  be  appropriated  to 
their  benefit.  In  Newcastle  and  its  environs  aie 
extensive  lands  bequeathed  in  perpetuity  to  the 
burgesses.  Who  gave  those  lands?  What  waa 
the  original  extent  of  the  benefaction,  and  how 
much  of  it  has  been  encroached  on  P 

Would  it  not  be  better  if  ancient  benefactiaa* 
were  dealt  with  by  Government  commissionetB^ 
and  in  such  a  way  that  no  trustee  should  hate 
any  local  interest  in  the  matter  P  Sp. 

Jealous  as  a  Couple  of  IIairdressbbs. — I 
I  have  Intel V  heard  several  times  in  the  Soutli  of 
England  tlio  phrase  '^  As  jealous  as  a  couple  of 
hairdressers."'  Can  any  of  your  correspondento 
tell  me  the  origin  of  this  saying,  and  whether 
it  is  general  throughout  the  country  P  ''  Jaloux 
comme  un  coifieur  *'  is,  I  am  informed,  a  common 
proverb  in  the  North  of  France,  especially  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Boulogne.  H.  W.  Sayilx. 

Apprewtices  Whipped. — Can  you  inform  me, 

'  or  guide  me,  to  any  book,  which  would  inform  me 

as  to  the  exact  discipline  inflicted  on  apprentice*— 

■  Ijondon  apprentices  especially — in  old  days  ? 

Both  law  and  custom,  I  suppose,  sanctioned  their 

masters  in  correcting  them  personally.    How  far 

I  was  this  commonly  carried  P    I  mean,  were  maa- 

I  ters  obliged  to  bo  content  with  ^'  wanning  "  them 


4«»  S.  IV.  Sept.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


197 


-with  strap  or  stick,  or  was  it  habitual  to  take  a 
hondjide  rod,  and  proceed  in  schoolmaster  fashion  P 
^  There  must  have  been  many  a  master  of  old 
time  anxious  to  carry  his  power  to  the  uttermost ; 
and  "  birching  "  is  surely  the  extreme  manifesta- 
tion of  paternal  authority.  I  should  not  be  sur- 
prised to  hear  that  there  were  young  fellows  of 
twenty  kept  in  awe  less  by  dread  of  pain  than  by 
fear  of  the  shameful  exposure  involved.  Am  1 
correct?  And  when  apprentices  were  whipped  at 
Bridewell,  in  what  manner  was  it  done  ? 

James  K 

CoBHAM  Family. — Is  there  any  good  pedigree 
of  either  Cobham  of  Devon  or  Co'bham  of  Ster- 
borou^h  ?  I  am  acquainted  with  the  notes  on 
families  of  this  name  in  the  Collectanea  Topo- 
graphica  et  Genealogica. 

Was  Sir  John  Cobham,  son  of  Mary,  Countess 
of  Norfolk,  of  either  of  these  families  ?  So  fi\r  as 
I  can  judge,  he  was  not  a  Cobham  of  Kent.  He 
was  born  in  1324-5,  and  died  after  1307.  Whom 
did  he  marry,  when  did  he  die,  and  did  he  leave 
issue  ?  Hermentrude. 

Episcopal  Arms. — Wanted,  to  complete  Bed- 
ford's Blazon  of  Episcopaci/j  the  arms  of  the  fol- 
lowing bishops :  —  James  Colquhoun  Campbell, 
Bangor ;  Harold  Browne,  Ely ;  James  Atlay, 
Hereford ;  George  A.  Selwyn,  Lichfield ;  W.  Ma- 
gee,  Peterborough ;  Joseph  C.  Wigram.  Roches- 
ter; Thomas  L.  Claughton,  Rochester;  George 
Moberl^y,  Salisbury  ;  Ilenry  Phil  pott,  Worces- 
ter ;  Wm.  Thompson,  York;  Wm.  Jacobson, 
Chester.  J.  Woodwabd. 

Family  History. — Information  about  the  fami- 
lies of  Bowtell,  Owen,  Swan,  Johnson,  and  Sal- 
mon, all  of  E^sex ;  and  any  particulars  about  the 
Yorkshire  family  of  Wise,  a  branch  of  which  was 
connected  with  Burton  Leonard  near  Ripon, 
would  be  gratefully  received  by 

R.  b.  Dawson-Duffield,  LL.D. 

laverpool. 

Lombard  Capital. — What  city  was  the  capital 
of  the  Lombard  (or  Langobard)  dominions  before 
the  capture  of  Pavia  and  Ravenna  by  Alboin  ? 

N.  K. 

^*  Tek  Nkw  Trick  to  Cheat  the  Devil." — 
Who  was  the  author  ?  G.  F.  D. 

Thb  Princess  Rosamund.— In  what  manner 
was  the  Gesside  princess  Rosamund  carried  off 
by  Alboin  ?  N.  K. 

Saint  Badinqxtet. — Whei^,  and  by  whom,  is 
this  sobriquet  first  used  ?  A.  Mels  fpseud.  for 
Dr  Cohn).  in  his  Erlehtes  und  ErdaclUes,  2  vols., 
18G0  (i.  262),  writes:  ^'Perhaps  Saint  Badinguet 
....  replied  the  other  laughing" ;  and  in  a  note 
he  adds: — 

"  Badinguet  is  the  nickname  which  the  French  gave 


to  Louis  Napoleon,  when  President  of  the  French  Re- 
public." 

HeBMANN  KiNBlV 
Germany. 

Shakspeabe.  —  Will  any  of  your  numeioiift- 
readers  tell  me  of  the  present  whereabouts  of  the 
illustrated  Shakspeare  collected  by  Thomas  Wil-- 
son,  and  whereof  a  catalogue  was  printed  in  1820. 
by  Wm.  Johnstone  White  ?        H.  R.  Forrest. 

Manchester. 

J.  Newton  Youno. — Can  any  one  inform  me . 
of  the  whereabouts  of  Mr.  J.  Newton  YouDffP 
He  is  the  author  of  -some  verses  I  wish  to  miJce 
use  of,  which  I  copied  from  the  Derby  Mercury  oi^ 
April  la,  1862.  R.  Sharpil 

4,  Cumberland  Terrace,  Southampton. 


Sir  John  Bbattmont,  Aitthor  of  "  Bosworth 
Field,"  etc.  (1629).  —  Does  any  reader  of 
"N.  &  Q."  know  where  a  copy  of  the  above 
volume  is  to  be  found  containing  pages  181-1 82  P 
They  prove  to  be  wanting  in  every  copy  I  haves 
seen,  and  I  have  collated  a  considerable  number; 
but  it  appears  that  in  1862  Messrs.  Willis  & 
Sotheran,  Strand,  advertised  a  perfect  copv  of  the 
volume.  I  am  sorry  that  these  respectable  book- 
sellers have  no  record  of  the  booK,  nor  of  the 
purchaser.  I  am  exceedingly  desirous  to  secure 
the  two  minor  poems  believed  to  have  filled  the 
two  missing  pages,  viz.  '*  Of  the  Death  of  the . 
most  noble  the  Lord  Marquesse  Hamilton/'  and  • 
"  Vpon  a  Fmieralle,"  as  described  in  Mr.  Hazlitfs 
Handbook^  sub  nomine.  Further :  from  Hawkins' 
verses,  and  from  Sir  John  Beaumont's  own  touch** 
ing  allusions,  it  seems  very  clear  that  his  '^  Crown 
of  Thornes"  must  have  been  published,  and  in- 
scribed probably  to  the  Earl  of  Pembroke.  !• 
no  copy  known?  As. Sir  John  Beaumont  is  to 
form  another  of  my  Fuller  Worthies'  Library^  any; 
information  relative  to  these  points  will  deeply 
oblige  (Rev.)  A.  B.  Grosabt. 

15,  St.  Alban*s  Place,  Blackburn,  Lancaahire. 

P.S. — I  shall  be  obliged  bvany  family  detaiUr- 
of  the  house  of  Beaumont  of  Grace-dieu ;  when 
and  to  whom  the  property  passed,  and  who  re- 
presents the  family  now. 

[The  missing  leaf  is  inserted  in  the  Hon.  Thomaa 
Grenville^s  copy  in  the  British  Museum ;  but  it  is  evi- 
dently a  fac-simile,  and  very  well  executed.] 

Garrison  Chapel,  Portsmouth.' — Walking- 
through  the  cemetery  of  this  old  building,  latelj 
renovated  (and  in  which,  by-the-bye,  a  wonderfii 
resurrection  of  old  tombstones  appears  to  have 
taken  place,  as  with  difficulty  I  could  see  one- 
with  a  later  date  than  1810),  I  observed  a  white 
marble  slab  similar  in  shape  to  an  ordinary ''  Grab- 
stein,"  and  lying  amidst  the  resting-places  of  old 


1&8 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[l*B.ir.  8>n.4,'M. 


wsrriiNV,  navtl  and  milittr;,  with  the  following 
iiMcriptim;  "GaroluBlI.  An.  Reg.  xxxlll.  a.d. 
1682."  Can  any  of  ;our  retders  inform  me  if  thia 
i>  the  tombstone  of  the  "  Meirj  Houuch  "  placed 
there  in  uitidpation,  close  to  the  scetie  of  hia 
marriage  with  Catharine  of  BragsDzaf      W.  F. 

[Tbii  appun  to  be  the  tablet  whicb  fomerl;  stood 
at  the  aoath  aide  of  tba  block- hoDK,  Portimoutb,  aod 
ihUMd  between  two  stone  bills  nesr  tlia  ateps.  Vide 
WanerV  HanpAirt,  i.  ISO,  and  Allen's  ForUmoKth, 
p.  19S.— Ctuilea  II.  died  oa  Feb.  e,  16S5.] 

HntlCLE  AT  CiNA.^CaQ  tou  inform  me  of  the 
name  of  the  writer  of  the  foUowing  line,  descrip' 
ti*e  of  the  miracle  at  Cana,  and  supply  me  with 
the  remainder  of  the  poem,  if  any  tnore  be,  and 
likewise  of  the  translation  P  — 

"  Lf  mphs  Deum  vidit,  riilit  et  ernbuit," 
tnmslated  thua  — 

"Tbe  water  saw  its  God,  and  blushed." 

HiC  BT  UBiatTE, 
9,  LlDcutet  Gate,  W. 

[The  celebrated  epigram  on  the  miraile  at  tJie  nmriage 
in  Cana  ii  br  Richird  Cnshiw :  see  hia  CompUtt  Worti, 
edited  b;  \V.  B.  Tumbull,  London,  1858,  p.  299  :  — 

tlnde  rubmr  vostris.  et  nan  sua  purpura  Ij-mpbu  ? 

Qo.  roH  mirantes  (am  nova  muUt  aquas? 
»um«>  (MDviTK)  praBons  a«no8ciU  Numen  : 

Kympha  pudica  Deum  vidit,  et  eruboil." 

"  Vidit  et  erubuit,  Nympba  pudica  Deum." 
Diydeu  has  had  (he  credit  of  bavingcampoaed  a  similar 
line  wben  a  Hcboolbo/  at  WcslminBter: — 

"  The  conacioua  water  saw  itaGod  and  blush'd." 
If  so,  he  was  probablr  indebted  to  Craahaw  fbr  the 
thooght.    8ee"N.  4Q."1"8.  rLSSS;  viil.242.] 

Mabk  Noble.  —  "An  Histo^  of  the  beautiful 
Eliiabeth  Blount,  Mistress  to  King  Henry  VIII.," 
by  the  Rev.  Mark  Noble,  F.A.S.  of  L.  and  B., 
written  in  the  year  1803.  T  purchased  a  short 
time  since  a  little  MS.  haTing  the  above  title. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  if  it  has  been 
hithsrto  published  p  I  find  no  mention  of  it 
among  Mr.  Nobte'a  worka  in  Lowndea'a  Biblio- 
grapher't  Manual.  O.  W.  M. 

fla  the  catalogue  of  the  library  of  the  Rev.  Hark 
N'oble,  wild  by  Mr.  Evans  on  Dec  31,  1837,  and  two  fol- 
lowlag  dapi,  this  manoaeript  (lot  16!)  is  entitled  "  An 
HirtoTy  of  the'bcaiitinil  Ellrabeth  Blount.  HistreH  of 
Henry  VIII.  and  of  her  Children,  eapeeially  Henry  Fiti- 
roy,  Duke  of  Richmnnd,  by  the  Rer.  Mark  Noble,  dated 
ISOS."  It  was  sold  Id  Mr.  G.  Hodges  for  I).  8i.  It  does 
not  appear  to  have  been  printed.] 

Datid  Oabbick. — What  proof  ia  there  of  the 
aaaertion  that  David  Oarrick  was  apning  from  a 


I  French  Protestant  family  named  Garric  or  Gar- 
riquB  P  A.  0.  V.  P. 

[Tbe  proof  that  our  Boadns  was  daKcnded  trtmi  Da  la 
Girrique,  a  noble  family  of  Bordeaux,  1>  the  pedigne  1b 
I  the  Heard  Collection,  College  of  Anna,  and  printttl  bj 
I  Mr.  Perey  Pitigcrald  in  hia  lAfe  tfDamd  Garrick,  1868, 
i.  1.  David'a  grandfather,  the  fonnder  of  the  tkaittj  a» 
far  as  England  was  concerned,  wai  originally  David 
I  (isrric,  a  Hngnenot  of  Bordeaux,  (breed  to  fly  ham 
I  France  in  1686  to  escape  tbe  atann  then  gwelij^g  OT«r 
I  the  reformed  church.  He  died  in  October,  lOM.  It  was 
not  nntil  a  year  and  a  bait  aRer  hia  Bight  that  he  rs- 
oeived  hia  little  son  Peter,  tbe  fatuia  lieutenant  of  dra- 
goons, and  our  David'a  father.] 

LoKD  Bacos  Aim  Shakbpeakb.— Did  L(»d 
quote  any  paesaire  from  Shakapeare  f 
W.  H.  C. 

[Our    correspondent's    query  has    bean    Ineideotally 
lawend  in  our  l-*  8.  viii.  4SS ;  x.  IIK  ;  3ta  S.  UL  186.] 


Baci 


K^Iitf. 


THE  PTTHAGOREAH  LETTKR. 
j  (4'^  8.  iv.  76.) 

j  Servius  uaea  the  Pythagorean  conceit  refemd 
'  to  by  Mr.  Tbw  in  eluddation  of  the  myatic  mean- 
!  ing  of  the  golden  branch,  bj  whose  aid  .£neaa 
'  traversed  in  sarety  the  gloomy  realm  of  Pluto, 
!  and,  his  purpose  accompluhed,  was  enabled  — 
"  Bevocare  gradum,  eupcTaaque  evadere  ad  auras." 
^  The  branch,  accotding  to  thia  commentator,  is  but 
'  A  lively  image  or  aetting  forth  of  this  Fythagoreait 
Y,  itself  but  a  symbol  of  the  Two  Paths.  He 
thus  supplies  an  inner  meaning  or  spiritual  senso 
.  to  the  welUknown  paasage  which  he  is  illustrat- 
ing, and  gives  us  to  see  clearly  that  to  the  broad 
way,  whose  end  is  destruction,  the  wide  gate 
stands  open  night  and  day;  while  that  to  bril 
along  the  steep  and  narrow  way  which  leadeth 
unto  life,  "Hoc  opus,  hie  labor  est"  The  whole 
note  of  Servius  (Virg.  Burmanni,  iii.  27)  ia  too 
'  long  for  transcriptinn,  but  the  portion  immediatelj 
I  in  point  is  as  follows :  — 

"De  reditu  aulem  aniniB  hoe  est:  NoviiDDS  Pylha- 
<  goram  Samium  vilam  hnmanam  diviMsse  in  modnmT 
litcne;  acilicet  quod  prima  Ktaa  inoeitasit,  qnippe  qui 
adhuc  ae  nee  vitiia  nee  virtntihua  dedit :  tHvium  antem 
'  T  litem  a  jurentute  incipere )  qao  tempon  homines  ant 
vitia,  id  eat  partem  ainiitram,  aut  virtntea,  id  est  dex- 
tram  partem  lequuntur;  unda  ait  Persiua  V.  SaL  86. 
Tradiait  Irtpidas  ramata  ni  ampila  mtntet.  Ergo  per 
ramum  Tirtutes  dicit  e»e  (ectandaa,  qui  est  T  tttene  iml- 
taCio.  Quem  idea  in  lylvis  didt  latere :  quia  terera  in 
hnjuB  viUc  cnnfuaione,  majori  parte  vitioram,  virtotis 
integrltaa  latet." 

An  excellent  moral  lesaon  drawn  by  the  old 
gramraariani  Hia  concluding  sentence  b  wrathj 
of  note  in  th«se  days  of  ours :  — 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


'Alildieant  Ideo  ntmn  i»r«a  Inferos  pcti,  quoddiTidis 
tieila  mortilea  Intereant." 

It  will  please  your  correspondBirt  to  know 
that  tbe  Rev.  A.  J.  Macleane  saenu  to  be,  vrith 
him,  of  opinion  that  our  Lord  in  his  panble  dill 
intend  a  reference  to  this  IMha^rean  notion. 
In  his  note  on  the  paafmge  of  PersiuB  quoted  by 
Mr.  Tfw  (Sot.  iii.  50,  57),  Macleane  says :  — 

"The  two  pathi  In  virtue  and  vice.is  well  »  the  early 
CODIM  el  chUdhood  inclining  to  neitlier,  Pf  tbagaru  ia 
nid  to  have  repreMoted  bv  tbe  letter  T.  It  it  probabl? 
the  itory  is  of  very  late  origin,  and  derived  from  the 
Ljitin  Y,  which  Juits  it  better  than  tbe  Greek :  the  right 
hand  representing  the  narrow  path  of  vlitae,  and  the 
other  the  broad  road  of  vice,  as  our  Saviour  represents 

Aa  to  the  belief  of  the  .Tews  in  metempsychosig, 
Alford  sftjs  (under  John  ii.  2) :  — 

*■  Beia  and  Grotius  refer  the  auestion  "  (of  the  man's 
ajn  as  the  obum  or  his  blindness  rrom  birth)  "to  tbe  doc- 
trine of  mclempycbosis  ;  that  he  may  have  sinned  in  a 

Lightfoot  and  Lampe.  The  Pharisees  believed  that  the 
gBvd  loub  mig  passed  into  other  bodies,  which  would 
exclude  tbia  case  {see  Jos.  Anl.  xviii.  1. 8,  and  B.  J.  ii. 
8. 14.)  Ligbtfoot,  LUcke.  and  Mejcr  refer  it  to  the  pos- 
aibility  of  sin  m  the  icinnh  ;  Tholuck  lo  predatimilal  tin 
poniehed  by  anticipation  ;  De  Wccte  to  tbe  general  doc- 
trioe  of  the  pre-existence  of  souls,  which  prevailed  both 
among  the  Rabbis  and  Alexandrians." 

I  bare  sonie  other  references  noted  for  these 
subjects,  but  Imvin-;  access  at  present,  like  others 
of  your  correspondents,  to  only  a  select  few  of  my 
books,  I  must  content  myself  with  the  foregoing. 
When  I  return  home  I  will  look  them  up,  and,  if 
appo«ite,  send  tbem.  R.  B.  S. 

Glas] 


There  is  a  parallel  passage  in  Persius  (t.  Sit 

"  Quumqae  iter  ambifrnnm  est,  et  vitn  nesciua  error, 

Diducit  tiepidas  ramose  in  com  pita  m  cotes." 
To  this  one  may  aptly  append  tho  following  in 
Au»(inius  £>c  litlens  moaatylUibis   Gracti  at  la- 

"  Pythagone  bivium   ramia   pateo  [or  patet]  ambi- 
guis  r."  Idyll.  xiL  V.  9. 

See  also  Serrlus  (on  Vir^.  .'J:».  ti.  186),  and 
Lactaotiua  (Dimn.  Institvt.  vi.  .1). 

John  Hosktns-A  bra  hail. 
Combe  Ticarage,  near  Woodstock. 

For  a  -very  full  account  of  the  elaborate  Rab- 
binical doctnnes  of  metempsychosis,  see  De  Quin- 
cey'flossBy,  "Traditions  of  the  RabbiDB."  (Works, 
author's  ed,  toI.  xiii.)  Johk  Addib,  M.A. 


Glasgow. 

In  tbe  pBss(4^e  of  Persius  (iii.  -W,  67)  cited  by 
Mr.  Tfw,  tbe  letter  referred  to,  as  having  been 
used  by  the  Pythagoreans  in  order  to  symbolise 
the  two  paths  of  virtue  and  vice,  is  the  older 
form  of  the  Greek  uptiton,  in  which  tbe  branch 
on  tbe  right  bund  was  upright,  while  that  on  the 
left  hand  wa-s  oblique :  the  distinction  b  not,  as 
Mr.  Tkw  thinks,  that  of  a  "thin"  stroke  on  the 
one  band,  and  a  "  thick"  stroke  on  the  other. 

The  epigrnm,  of  wbich  he  fjives  (as  though  tbe 
whole)  the  first  two  lines  only,  is  in  the  Anlko- 
hgia  Latina,  and  ruos  thus:  — 

"  Littera  Pytliagorw  discrimine  secta  bicomi. 

Nam  via  virtutin  dextrum  petit  ardaa  eallem. 

DifficileRii[ue  aililum  primum  spectantibus  oflcrt, 

Sed  requiem  pne bet  fessis  in  vertice  sumnio. 

Mnile  ostentai  iter  via  lala  i  »eit  ultima  meln 

Pneclpiut  captos,  volvilque  per  aspera  saxa." 

Here  the  words  "  dextrum  petit  ardua  callem  " 

may  be    compared  with    Persiua's  "  sui^ntem 

destro  .  .  Umite  callem."     At  tho  same  time  we 

here  find,  indeed,  a  "  broad  way  "  {via  lata),  as  in 


ENGLISH  VERSIONS  OF  GOETHE'S  "  FAUST," 
Part  I. 

(4*S.  iii.  462,  540;  iv.  79.) 
To  a  courteous  reader  at  the  British  Museum 
am  indebted  for  further  notes  and  names  of 
English  versions  and  translators  of  tbe  first  part 
of  Goethe's  Ftnut.  Besides  those  mentioned  by 
obliging  correspondents  and  myself  {vide  anU,  iiu 
452,  640 ;  iv.  79),  be  has  kindly  sent  me  tbe  fol- 
lowing:—S.  Naylor's  Pauagesfrom  FaiMt,  1839; 
Sir  J.  G.  Lefovre,  1841;  Captain  Knoi,  1847; 
A  German  Lady  (P  Hamburg,  1852) ;  Edgar  .\. 
Bowring,  son  of  that  most  eminent  translator  and 
linguist,  Sir  John  Bowring,  London,  1853;  Falck 
Lebabn,  London,  1858;  G.  L.  Filmore's  Faatt 
into  Enqliih  Verse,  Universal  Hbrarr,  1863;  G. 
a.  Z«rd,  London,  1S69 ;  .T.  Gaisnn,  Dublin,  ISOO; 
a.  (or  J.P)  W.  Grant,  1807;  A.  Swanwick, 
Bohn's  LibraiT,  n.  d. 

Mr.  John  Ililla,  whoso  version  has  been  men- 
rioned  by  a  courteous  com  muni  cation  from  Guern- 
sey (vide  imU,  iv.  79),  whs,  as  I  learn  from  the 
second  volume  of  the  German  translation  of 
Baroness  Bunsen'a  biography  of  her  celebrated 
husband  (CA>ii>f ion  Carl  JomasFreiherr  von  Siaueit, 
Iieipzig,  1860,  vol.  ii.  This  excellent  German 
translation,  which  reads  like  an  original  work,  ia 
by  Professor  Friedrich  Nippold  of  Heidelbeig), 
iin  intimate  friend  of  Bunsen.  Baroness  Bunsen — 
this  most  excellent,  noble,  and  wortbv  consort  of 
a  fneat  man — somewhere  speaks  of  the  "  noble  " 
Hills;  and  tbe  Fatui  translation  (London,  1840) 
foeioB  to  have  been  tbe  tbeme  of  several  letters 
lamongat  many  which  passed)  between  the  two 
friends.  In  one  of  them,  dated  from  Llanorer, 
(kud  written  by  Bunsen,  April  9,  1839,  the  writer 
l^dves  an  interesting  accoutit  of  Fault  (vide  German 
translation,  anli  ii.  76,  77) ;  and  Baroness  Bunsen 
adds  in  a  note,  that  this  letter  has  reference  to 


200 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[;4tt'8.1V.S»PT.4»*e9. 


another  written  in  March  of  the  aamo  year,  but 
not  printed.  In  this  letter  of  March,  Bunsen  had 
recommended  Mr.  Hills  to  accompany  his  transla- 
tion by  an  essay  on  tragedy,  as  the  public  has  to 
be  acquainted  with  what  a  tragedy  really  is,  and 
why  Faust  must  be  conaiderod  the  tragedy  of 
tragedies,  or,  as  an  English  lady  mentioned  to 
Baroness  Bunsen,  the  tragedy  of  the  soul  in  the 
nineteenth  century.  (  Vide  ante,  ii.  70,  note.) 

Such  an  introductory  essay  would  doubtless 
have  been  of  great  interest;  but  I  believe  that 
none  (?)  of  the  very  numerous  versions  have  been 
accompanied  by  either  preface  or  introduction, 
with  the  exception  of  Professor  Blackie's,  who 
has  printed  a  sonnet  at  the  beginning,  and  of 
whicn  I  should  be  happy  to  possess  a  copy ;  and 
Mr.  A.  Hay  ward's  (prose  version,  1st  edit.  1833 ; 
8th  edit.  1864),  who  has  accompanied  his  transla- 
tion by  a  letter  to  Dr.  Southey. 

There  is  also  an  English  travesty  of  Goethe's 
Faust,  by  Alfred  Crowquill — Fatist:  a  Serio- 
Comic  Poem^  with  twelve  outline  illustrations. 
London,  1834.  Hermann  Kindt. 

Germany. 


ILLUMINATING. 

(4»'»  S.  iv.  133.) 

I  cannot  agree  with  F.  M.  S.  in  his  suggestion, 
nor  do  I  admit  his  difficulty  as  to  printing  with 
the  hand  the  text  of  a  work  to  be  illuminated.  I 
should  rather  maintain  that  the  text  is  more  easy 
to  imitate  than  the  illuminations,  and  I  speak 
from  a  good  deal  of  experience.  I  have  imitated 
the  text  of  a  fine  old  folio  Sarum  Missal  in  my 
possession,  and  restored  about  fifty  folio  pages 
that  were  missing  in  it,  in  double  columns,  as 
well  as  executed  for  those  pages  illuminations 
similar  to  those  of  the  old  volume.  I  therefore 
cannot  subscribe  to  the  assertion,  that  "  there  is 
no  doubt  that  we  cannot  approach  them  (the  old 
illuminators)  in  the  beautv  and  regularity  of  their 
hand-writing,"  or.  as  I  should  prefer  to  term  it, 
hand-printing.  It  is  not  for  me  to  say  how  far  I 
have  succeeded ;  but  I  found  no  great  difficulty, 
and  the  text  so  restored  has  been  pronounced  by 
many  inspectors  to  be  nearly,  if  not  quite,  equal 
to  the  writiner  in  the  original.  No  doubt  there 
are  persons  who  lack  the  requisite  patience  and 
application,  but  I  cannot  conceive  any  one  pos- 
sessed of  sufficient  skill  to  execute  the  illumina- 
tions who  would  not  eas'ly,  and  more  easily, 
accomplish  the  text,  and  certainly  no  such  person 
ought  to  condescend  to  the  garbled  and  unsatis- 
factory drudgery  of  illuminating  a  book  already 
printed  to  his  hand.  E.  C.  H. 


I  hope  the  suggestion  of  F.  M.   S.  will  be 
adopted  by  some  publisher  or  printer.      Myself 


an  admirer  of  illuminated  MSS.,  I  should  like  to 
see  the  beautiful  art  which  adorned  them  revived 
in  a  more  enduring  and  interesting  form  than,  that 
of  gaudily-painted  scroll-texts  and  outline  cards. 
As  it  is,  illumination,  notwithstanding  the  in- 
terest taken  in  it  these  late  years,  is  practically  a 
dead  art.  Not  onlv  is  it  almost  impossible  to 
rival  the  beauty  of  mediaeval  writing,  but  as 
copies  of  books  are  not  multiplied  now-a-days  by 
writing,  the  time  consumed  in  making  such  booka 
being  very  great,  scarcely  any  one  is  justified  in 
making  such  a  misuse  of  it.  What  we  want  is 
books  printed  on  a  thick  toned  paper — not  card- 
board— prepared  to  receive  colour:  vellum,  of 
course,  would  be  preferable,  but  the  expense  of  it 
would  militate  against  its  general  use.  There 
should  be  plenty  of  margin  whereon  to  design 
borders,  ana  blank  spaces  left  for  initial  lettm, 
such  as  we  find  in  the  early  printed  books,  left 
expressly  for  the  illuminator  to  fill  in.  These 
spaces  should  be  entirely  blank,  and  no  outline 
letters  inserted  in  them,  so  that  the  amateur  could 
fill  them  in  with  initials  of  his  own  designing,  or 
with  others  copied  from  ancient  MSo.  The 
printed  outline  cards  now  so  common  are  sup- 
posed to  represent  leaves  taken  from  illuminated 
books,  but  few  of  them  resemble  the  pages  of  a 
media} val  manuscript.  Upon  examination  of  an 
illuminated  MS.  we  find  that  the  border  or  initial 
letter  harmonises  with,  and  is  subservient  to,  the 
text.  Modern  illumination  generally  reverses  this, 
hence  a  gaudy  inharmonious  design,  which  no 
one  accustomed  to  the  manuscripts  of  the  Middle 
Ages  would  care  to  look  at.  A  compact  black- 
letter  type  would  be  most  suitable  for  reli^ous 
works,  whilst  a  Roman  letter  would  lend  itself 
best  for  those  of  a  secular  character,  which  might 
be  illuminated  in  the  beautiful  style  used  in  orna- 
menting Italian  MSS.  of  the  fifteenth  century — 
viz.  white  branches  on  a  parti-coloured  ground,  as 
in  Harieian  MS.  2593,  &c.  C.  F.  Tootal. 

Wakelield. 


THE  SUDEREYS. 

(4«>  S.  iv.  12,  101.) 

The  risible  faculty  in  Professor  MUnch  and  our 
learned  friend  Mr.  Irving  must  be  well  de- 
veloped. There  is  nothing  so  absurd  or  singular 
in  an  Enylish  bishop  retaining  the  title  of  Sodor 
and  Man.  The  Scottish  title  of  Winton,  so  long 
borne  by  the  princely  house  of  Seton  while  com- 
moners and  plain  barons,  and  subsequently  as  an 
earidom,  is  in  a  similar  position,  being  simply  a 
relic  of  the  "  Coinitatus  Wintonensis,"  or  Fng^ 
lish  earldom  of  Winchester,  first  held  by  Saer  de 
Quinci  in  the  twelfth  century.  Among  the  great 
possessions  in  Scotland  of  this  latter  Norman 
nouse  were  the  lands  of  Tranimentis  (now  Tra- 
nent) in  East  Lothian.    These,  by  female  descent 


4"»  S.  IV.  Sept.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


201 


from  Roger  de  Quinci,  the  last  Earl  of  Win- 
chester, became  the  property  of  Alan  de  la 
Zouche,  and  on  his  forfeiture  by  Robert  Bruce, 
were  granted  by  the  latter  to  Alexander  Seton. 
To  part  of  these  lands  the  name  of  Winton  was 
given,  it  is  believed,  by  their  earliest  posses- 
sors ;  and  thus  it  is,  that  though  the  name  of  the 
de  Quincis  has  perished,  their  historic  title  yet 
survives,  coupled  with  that  of  Eglinton. 

Mr.  Irving  startles  us  by  statiFig  that  these 
islands  were  given  *'  as  a  dower  "  to  Alexander  III. 
of  Scotland  on  his  marriage  with  the  daughter  of 
Magnus  IV.  of  Norway,  and  (apparently)  cites  an 
Act  of  Parliament  in  support  of  the  fact,  though 
possibly  this  is  only  meant  as  proof  of  their 
*'  subsequent  annexation  "  to  the  Scottish  crown. 
But  there  must  be  some  ffreat  mistake.  The  only 
marriages  of  Alexander  III.  appear  to  have  been, 
first  to  Margaret,  daughter  of  Henry  HI.  of  Eng- 
land, and  secondly,  to  Joleta,  daughter  of  the 
Count  of  Dreux  ;  by  the  former  of  whom  he  had 
a  daughter,  who  married  Eric,  King  of  Norway 
(the  son  of  Magnus),  and  left  an  only  daughter, 
the  well-known  Maid  of  Norway.  And  while  it 
is  true  enough  that  Magnus  ceded  to  Scotland  (in 
1266)  all  the  rights  of  the  Norwegian  crown  over 
the  iEbudac  and  Man,  this  was  the  result  of  long 
negotiations  between  the  crowns,  and  in  consider- 
ation of  a  specified  price,  not  certainly  as  the 
dower  of  a  Norwegian  princess.  (Hailes's  Annals, 
citing  Fordun  and  Torfgens.) 

We  must  also  add,  that  Mr.  Irving's  next 
statement,  that  *'  Man  was  the  only  portion  of  the 
ancient  realm  of  Scotland  that  was  not  recovered  in 
the  War  of  Independence,"  is  rather  controverted  by 
the  following  authority.  Robert  Bruce,  by  charter 
dated  December  20,  1824,  granted  the  Isle  of 
Man,  with  the  "Calfes,"  to  his  nephew  Thomas 
Randolph,  Earl  of  Moray,  to  ba  held  by  the  ser^ 
vice  of  finding  six  ships  of  twenty-six  oars  each, 
with  their  crews,  victualled  for  six  weeks  when 
required,  and  making  personal  presence  in  Par- 
liament when  duly  summoned.  That  this  grant 
(which  is  extant  in  Lord  Haddington's  MS.  Col- 
lections, Advocates'  Library)  took  effect,  is  un- 
doubted, as  the  grantee  is  afterwards  styled 
"Dominus  Mannia) "  (Reg.  Rob.  II.);  and  as 
the  Bruce  was  not  a  personage  in  the  habit  of 
bestowing  what  did  not  belong  to  him,  it  may  be 
fairly  concluded  that  Randolph  did  obtain  pos- 
session of  the  Island  of  Man.  It  is  certain  that 
hia  immediate  descendants  quartered  the  arms  of 
the  island,  nnd  his  grandson  and  heir  general,  the 
celebrated  George  Dunbar,  Earl  of  March,  made 
grants  of  land  in  it,  though  by  his  time  it  appears 
to  have  been  recovered  by  the  English,  probably 
in  the  weak  reign  of  David  II.     Akglo-Scottjs* 


WILLIAM  COMBE. 
(4"»  S.  iii.  645,  669,  689;  iv.  14,  86.) 

The  following  reminiscences  of  this  singular 
character,  being  transcribed  from  a  volume  of  very 
considerable  rarity,  may  be  thought  worthy  of 
being  added  to  the  fn^moires  pour  servir  which 
have  already  found  place  in  these  columns  :  — 

*'  I  remember  one  of  the  most  singular  characters  of 
his  age,  who  died  about  two  years  ago,  having  passed  his 
cigbtitith  year.  I  mean  William  Combe,  whose  satirical 
poems,  The  Diaboliad,  The  First  of  April,  &c.,  attracted 
universal  notice,  about  the  year  1778.  They  were  pro- 
ductions of  personal  and  fashionable  attack ;  and,  an  far 
as  I  can  recollect  (for  at  least  forty  years  have  elapsed 
since  I  have  seen  them),  they  were  written  with  great 
vigour.  The  history  of  this  poet's  life  would  furnish  a 
series  of  the  most  extraordinarv  and  romantic  incident)*^ 
many  of  which  have  been  related  to  me  on  the  best 
authority;  but  which  yet  (so  very  singular  as  thej'  are> 
I  cannot  venture  to  relate  on  tho  mere  force  of  a  very 
treacherous  memorv. 

"  I  am  assured  that  Combe  left  ample  MS.  memoirs,, 
which  were  inteniied  to  be  consigned  after  his  denth  to  a 
literary  friend,  who  could  have  done  him  ample  justice  ; 
but  which  were  missing  after  his  decease,  and  are  nut  yet 
forthcoming.  The  anonymous  works  he  wrote  for  the 
booksellers  would  form  a  stupendous  and  incredible  list 
if  completed.  Latterly,  his  powers  were  somewhat  flat- 
tened by  age.  At  this  crisis  he  wrote  Dr.  Syntftx^s  Ttnir, 
of  which  he  gave  me  a  copy.  He  was  the  author  of  the 
Letters  of  Thomas^  Second  Lord  Lytteltim,  which  were 
so  long  believed  to  be  genuine,  and  which  excited  such 
strong  and  general  interest  for  several  years.  I  am  told 
that  his  average  gains  b}'  authorship  were  about  800/. 
a-year.  He  inherited  about  10.000/.  from  an  unde  in 
the  City,  which  enabled  him  to  live  splendidly  in  the 
circles  of  high  fashion  for  about  two  years— perhaps 
about  the  vear  1772  or  1773 — when  he  entirely  disap- 
peared :  till  at  length  he  was  discovered  in  the  ranks  of 
a  regiment  of  the  line,  in  an  inn  at  Derby,  by  George 
Steevens,  an  old  crohy,  to  whom  he  long  denied  himself, 
but  who  persevered  in  rescuing  him  from  his  degraded 
situation.  He  then  came  to  London,  and  made  author- 
ship a  profession.  A  quarrel  with  the  late  Lord  Hertft»rd 
was  the  cause  of  his  principal  satires —his  heroine  was  an 
old  Countess  Dowager  of  llome.  I  remember  distinctly 
the  great  impression  these  satires  made  when  I  was  a 
boy,  and  how  manv  of  the  severest  passages  were  on 
every  one's  lips.  lie  had  been  educated,  I  think,  at 
Eton;  and  the  two  years  he  spent  in  fashionable  society 
enabled  him  to  penetrate,  and  be  familiar  with,  the  in- 
terior of  high  life.  He  had  extraordinarv  rapidity  of 
apprehension,  and  acuteness  of  understanding.  His  ad- 
versity had  still  sharpened  his  wit;  and  he  had  seen 
mankind  in  situations  where  their  heart lessness  could  be 
tried  and  brought  to  view.  He  had  lived  long  enough 
out  of  the  world— at  least,  of  the  highest  ranks—  to  have 
some  coarseness  of  accent  when  1  conversed  with  him ; 
but  he  had  two  delightful  attractions— he  was  manly  and 
unaffected.  He  was  then  perhaps  seventy- seven,  but  he 
did  not  look  more  than  sixty-five.  He  was  of  a  middle 
size— muscular,  and  of  a  countenance  rather  rough  and 
heavy,  than  elegant,  brilliant,  or  intellectual.  His  poetry 
belonged  to  the  inferior  class,  for  satire  is  surely  of  a 
very  secondary  order ;  but  it  was  vigorous,  manly,  and 
fidl  of  point  and  knowledge  of  character.  The  style  was 
good,  and  the  versification  flowing.  He  had  belonged  to 
a  generation  which  was  gone  by,  and  was  little  known 
to  modem  authors."— -4  Note  on  the  Suppression  of  Me- 


202 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»»»  S.  IV.  Skmt.  4,  'G9. 


moir$  annottnced  by  the  Author  in  June  1825;  containing 
numerous  Stricture$  on  Contemporary  Publie  Characters, 
By  Sir  E^erton  Brydges,  Bart.,  &c.  Ac,  Small  Svo, 
Paris.    Sept.  1825.    Pp.  92. 

William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 


KEAN  ON  MONT  BLANC ! 
(4«»  S.  iv.  31.) 

Being  at  present  in  Switzerland,  and  having 
acquaintances  at  Ohamounix,  I  have  taken  the 
trouble  to  institute  an  inquiry,  and  the  result  is 
that  I  am  convinced  the  statement  in  Hawkinses 
Life  of  Edmund  Kean  (ii.  57)  is  an  invention,  and 
may  oe  placed  alongside  of  the  Eton  scholarship, 
which,  to  use  the  words  of  U.  O.  N.  {ut  supra), 
'*  is  effectually  disposed  of."  Nothing  is  known 
of  Kean  at  Chamounix;  the  oldest  guides  and 
hotel-keepers  never  heard  his  name !  A  register 
of  ascensionists  has  always  been  kept  at  Cha- 
mounix, and  it  can  be  at  any  time  inspected.  If 
Kean  was  on  Mont  Blanc  in  1817,  the  registrar 
has  been  guilty  of  gross  neglect  in  omittmg  to 
record  Fuch  an  interesting  incident.  It  so  happens 
that  after  the  ascent  of  Herr  Kodaz  in  1812,  no 
ascent  occurred  till  1818,  when  the  Polish  Count 
Matewsky  accomplished  the  feat.  I  am  by  no 
means  convinced  that  Kean  was  ever  at  Cha- 
mounix. The  police  registries  of  strangers  (pre- 
viously to  the  French  annexion)  have  been  all 
transferred  to  Turin,  and  are  not,  probably,  at 
Florence,  and  my  Chamounix  correspondent  has 
therefore  not  been  enabled  to  consult  them.  How- 
ever, I  will  give  Mr.  Hawkins  the  benefit  of  a 
doubt,  and  admit  that  Kean  tirfl.«,  in  1817,  a  visitor 
to  Chamounix.  K  that  were  so,  he  would  probably 
visit  the  Montanvert,  and  the  Mer  de  Glace,  and 
the  Jardin,  and  he  may  have  called  his  excursion 
an  ascent  of  Mont  Blanc !  Such  an  "  ascent " 
would,  no  doubt,  be  perfectly  satisfactory  to  the 
members  of  the  "  Covent  Garden  Parliament " 
and  the  frequenters  of  the  "  Harp  "  in  Russell 
Court.  There  have  been  many  thousands  of  such 
"ascents  of  Mont  Blanc,'*  but  unfortunately  no 
registrar  has  be6n  appointed  to  record  them.  It 
is  a  very  general  idea  that  Saussure  was  the  first 
ascensionist,  but  he  was  preceded  by  Monsieur 
Jaques  Balmat  and  Doctor  raccard  of  Chamounix, 
who  ascended  on  August  8,  1780,  the  year  pre- 
vious to  the  ascent  of  Saussure.* 

Albert  Smith  evidently  knew  nothing  of  Kean's 
ascent.  Had  he  been  aware  of  such  a  **  fact," 
what  a  tine  bit  of  "  gHg  "  it  would  have  made 
for  his  lecture  I  What  Sbaksperian  quotations  we 
should  have  been  favoured  with ;  what  delightful 
mimicrv  and  "  imaginary  conversations,'*  rivalling 
even   those   of  his  friend  Landor!    But   Albert 


indulged  in  no  such  rhapsodies,  and  for  a  very 
good  reason — ''an  accident  prevented  him — tie 
tale  was  not  invented/  "  It  was  reserved  for  some 
hoazinff  correspondent  of  Mr.  Hawkins. 

By-uie-bye,  it  is  asserted  at  Chamounix  that, 
although  Albert  Smith  was  long  on  the  summit 
of  Mont  Blanc,  he  never  made  the  ascent/  The 
story  goes  that  he  fainted  when  about  200  feet 
from  Sie  summit,  and  on  his  recovery  he  was 
carried  up  by  two  of  the  guides.  Is  there  any 
foundation  for  the  statement  ?  I  give  it  as  I  have 
hewrd  it  Stephen  Jackson. 

Hotel  Mansfeld,  Lausanne. 


•  II.  O.  N.  is  quite  correct  in  bis  dntes  of  1787  and 
1827.  Mr.  Aaldjo  is  well  known  to  me,  and  I  have 
written  to  him,  but  his  answer  has  not  been  received. 


CARNAC:   RHES— RAISE. 
(4''»  S.  iv.  99.) 

M.  H.  R.  states  that  rhes  is  Welsh  signifying 
''battle,"  and  from  this  word  that  Dunmail  J&nsef 
the  name  of  a  place,  has  its  origin ;  tradition  re- 
porting that  tnere  a  bloody  battle  was  fought  in 
which  a  king  called  Dunmaii  was  slain. 

Now  as  liaise  occurs  very  frequently  in  the 
south-western  shires  of  Scotland  as  the  name  of 
places,  sometimes  singly  and  sometimes  com- 
pounded, it  would  much  gratify  many  to  be  as- 
sured whether  rhes  is,  or  is  not,  actually  the  root. 
The  orthography  of  this  name  is,  however,  by 
no  means  uniform,  being  found  as  Has,  Raise, 
Wrays,  Ray,  and  Rae,  and  assuming  probably 
other  forms  (as  Aries,  in  Galloway,  from  araidhf 
Gaelic),  although  these  arc  the  more  common. 

It  may  be  remarked  that  the  opinion  of  M.  II.  H. 
is  not  entertained  by  every  one.  Another  view 
is  to  be  found  in  Hutchinson*s  History  of  Cumber* 
land  (vol.  i.  p.  251  et  infra ;  also  pp.  17%  and  180, 
notes ;  and  vol.  ii.  p.  4S6,  note),  wnich,  as  we  must 
admit,  has  long  impressed  us  as  equally  curious 
and  forcible.  It  is  there  said,  that  in  Pagan  times 
the  presiding  Druid  judge  administered  justice 
**  sub  dio,  within  the  circle  or  ray,  which  there- 
fore was  equivalent  to  our  bar  ;'*  that  in  Edenhall 
and  Lazenby,  places  in  Cumberland,  are  many 
considerable  remains  of  stones,  *'  which  stiU  go  by 
the  name  of  Raises ;"  and  that,  in  regard  to  Dun^ 
mail  Rais,  the  name  contains  the  whole  history  of 
the  motes,  "  Nothing  "  (as  it  is  added)  "  can  be 
more  puerile  than  the  notion  that  it  was  so  called 
merely  from  a  raised  heap  of  stones,"  t.  e,  a  stone 
cairn  (p.  253).  And  it  is  ezpluned,  that  a 
preneral  convention  of  the  nation,  or  of  the  in- 
habitants of  a  district,  to  deliberate  on  public 
affairs  and  pass  laws,  was  called  a  maUum-mote, 
Ilence  the  name  Dtm^mallum-raise^  of  which  Dun- 
mailrais,  as  contended,  is  a  corruption;  and  the 
idea  of  a  king  called  Dunmaii  is  scouted  as  only 
existing  in  the  fables  of  Geoffrey  of  Monmouth. 

Still,  it  seems  not  perfectly  evident  whether  the 
term  raise  applied  to  the  row  of  monoliths,  trench, 
or  moat  (the  ray  or  bar)  generally  enciicUng  the 


4»k  8.  IV.  Sept.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


20-^ 


moot-hill;  or,  on  the  other  hand,  to  the  hill, 
mount,  or  knoll  itself,  almost  always  conical  and 
circular,  on  which  the  presiding  judge  and  his 
coadjutors  had  th(;ir  seats;  the  intention,  pro- 
bably, being  in  the  construction  of  a  ray  that  they, 
the  court,  while  thus  separated,  and  acting  apart, 
from  the  assembled  inhabitants  of  the  district,  so 
as  not  to  meet  with  improper  interruption,  should 
yet  not  decide  on  any  matter  of  public  concern 
except  sub  dio  (the  sun),  and  the  eyes  also  of 
the  whole  people.  There  is  no  better  attested  fact 
than  that  most  of  these  moot-hills  in  the  south- 
west of  Scotland  were  surrounded  with  a  moat, 
dry  or  wet,  or  with  a  circle  of  standing  stones, 
or  were  placed  in  a  marsh,  or  on  the  islet  of  a 
lake  not  lar  distant  from  the  land ;  and  these,  as 
we  must  presume,  were  the  rays  or  bars  by  which 
courts  convened  thereon  were  understood  to  be 
fenced.  (Hibbert  on  '^  Things,"  Arch.  Scotica, 
vol.  iii.) 

Hhea  is  called  the  Goddess  of  Justice,  and  retts 
13  a  defendant;  rcliffion,  arrest,  and  arraign  are 
words  allowed  to  bo  all  derived  from  ratj. 

ESPEDARE. 


LA  S ALETTE. 

(4*»»  S.  iii.  598  ;  iv.  46,  123.) 

For  further  information  as  to  this  notable  im- 
posture, I  beg  to  refer  C.  G.  to  the  following 
pamphlet : — 

"  A  Pil-^rimage  to  La  Salette;  or,  a  Critical  Examina- 
tion of  all  the  Facts  connected  with  the  alleged  Appari- 
tiou  of  the  Blessed  Virgin  to  two  Ciiildrcn  on  the  Moun- 
tain of  La  Salette,  on  Sept.  19,  1846.  By  J.  Spencer 
Xorthcote,  M.A.  &c.  Perniissu  Superioruni.'*  London: 
IJiirns  &  Lambert,  8vo,  1852,  pp.  71. 

In  the  letter  of  the  Paris  correspondent  of  The 
liirminyham  Journal  (May,  1864)  will  be  found 
some  curious  allusions  to  the  Abb(5  Deleon,  who, 
together  with  the  Abbe  Carlier,  Avas  prosecuted  | 
at  Lyons  by  Mdlle.  de  la  Merliere  for  libel  in  the  ! 
alFair  of  ''  Notre  Dame  de  la  Salette."  The  Abb6  ' 
held  the  opinion  that  it  was  this  lady  who,  in 
**  yellow  sillv  apron,  bliu?  satin  shoes,  and  cap  of 
l^olden  stars/'  had  appeared  to  the  two  bewildered 
children  on  the  mountain.  The  cause  against  the 
Abbe  was  pleaded  by  Jules  Favre,  who  lost  his 
election  at  Lyons  in  consequence,  and  the  unfor- 
tunate AbbtS  fell  from  his  position.  A  succeeding 
number  of  the  same  local  paper  (Oct.  29,  1864) 
gives  an  interesting  account  of  the  festival  of  Our 
Lady  of  La  Salette,  as  solemnised  just  previously, 
with  unusual  pomp,  at  the  great  pilgrimage  of 
Rockmadour.  Maximin,  the  favoured  youth  of 
the  vision,  then  a  man  of  thirty,  was  present; 
this  being  his  last  appearance  in  the  world  pre- 
vious to  his  entering  a  Carthusian  monastery. 
His  sister  M^Ianie,  '*  the  subject  of  higher  grace 
and  glory  than  ha^  ever  been  vouchsafed  to  any  i 


being  here  below,"  as  the  bishop  stated  in  his 
allocution,  was  also  in  a  convent,  but  as  to  its 
locality  and  any  further  details,  his  reverence  was 
"  bound  to  secresy  and  discretion." 

Among  a  host  of  narratives  of  the  alleged  oc- 
currence, and  documents  relating  thereto,  the 
following  may  be  enumerated : — 

«La  V^rit^  sur  I'^v^nement  de  la  Salette."  Paris, 
1846. 

**  Nouveaox  Docament^  sur  r^venement  de  la  Salette.** 
1850. 

*'  Un  nouvcau  Sanctuaire  ii  Marie,  ou  Conclusion  de 
TAffaire  de  la  Salette,  &c" 

**  Manuel  du  pterin  de  la  Salette,  &c."  [All  by  the 
Abb^  Koasselot,  Canon  and  Vicar-General  of  urenoble.] 

**  P^erinage  k  la  Salette,  ou  examen  critiqae  de  1' Ap- 
parition de  la  Sainte  Vierge  2t  deux  bergers."  (Par  TAbbe 
Bez.)     1847. 

*'  Un  P^lerinage  h  la  Salette.*'    (Par  TAbbd  Gobert.) 

"  Nouveaux  r^cits  de  TApparition  de  la  Sainte  Vierge 
sur  les  Montagnes  des  Alpes.**  (Par  r^vequo  de  la 
Rochelle.) 

**  L*£cho  de  la  Sainte  Montague  visite'e  par  la  Mere  de 
Dieu ;  ou,  un  mois  de  sejour  dans  la  soci^t^  des  petits 
bergers  de  la  Salette.**    (Par  Mademoiselle  Brulais.) 

"  Lettre  de  Monseigneur  Dupanloup,  ^vSqac  d'Orleans, 
sur  la  Salette.*' 

*'Mandement  de  Monseigneur  I'dv^ue  de  Grenoble, 
portant  condamnation  d'un  livre  intituld  '  La  Salette 
devant  le  Pape.'  '*    (September  30, 18d4.) 

**  Instruction  Pastorale  et  Mandement  de  Monsei- 
gneur r^veque  de  Grenoble,  portant  condamnation  d'un 
livre  intituM  *  Affaire  de  la  Salette,  M^moire  an  Pape,*  ** 
&c.  (Nov.  4,  1854.) 

**  Manual  of  the  Confraternity  of  La  Salette,  comprising 
every  information  concerning  La  Salette,  with  Devotions 
for  the  Confraternities  established  in  England."  By  the 
Rev.  John  Wyse,  Catholic  PriesL  12mo.  London, 
Richardson,  1855.    Pp.  152. 

Lastly,  "  His  Lordship,  the  Bishop  of  Birming- 
ham," the  Rev.  W.  B.  Ullathome,  furnished  us 
with  the  result  of  his  own  investigations  in  a 
pamphlet  entitled : — 

"The  Holy  Mountain  of  La  Salette,  by  a  Pilgrim,  of 
1854." 

William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 


Battle  of  Biggar  (4*»»  S.  iv.  140.)— Scotxts 
does  not  appear  to  understand  the  nature  of  the 
objecii  )n  to  the  presence  of  Edward  I.  at  the  sup- 
posed battle  of  Biggar,  which  cannot  be  obviated 
by  the  wild  conjecture  that  he  might  have  been 
there  incognito.  It  is  this,  that  at  the  date  of  the 
alleged  engagement  we  have  the  most  indisput- 
able proofs  in  the  records  that  he  was  in  the  South 
of  England. 

In  book  6,  i.  107,  Blind  Harry  fixes  the  date  of 
the  rising  of  ^allace  as  — 

**  Twelff  hundreth  yer  thurto  wynte  and  sewyn,*' 

which  he  follows  up  in  book  7,  i.  8,  by  the  state- 
ment— 

*^  In  Aperin  the  King  of  England  come 
In  Cummyrland  of  Pomfrat  fro  his  home." 


204 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[*»8.IV.  Sbpt.4,'89, 


Now  tKe  EagliBh  records  prove  tbat  Edwaid  | 
in  the  Boriog  of  that  year  was  at  Shirebourae  on  1 
Mnrcb  2B,  at  Fords  on  April  1,  at  Exeter  on  the  ' 
fith,  on  the  Tth  at  EUUngton,  and  at  Plympton 
from  the  11th  to  the  3Stb,  returning  to  thait  place 
after  a  short  absence  on  Maj  3,  Bud  soon  after 
aailiog  for  France. 

I  suspect  I  have  a  much  more  accurate  know- 
leAfco  of  Biggar  and  its  enTiroHs  than  Scotds 
could  obtain  in  a  passing  visit,  and  my  opioion  i 
certainl;  is  that  Blind  Harry's  tepograpby  is  an 
utterly  impoesible  jumble.  | 

The  batlle  of  Biggai'  is  not,  however,  the  only 
instance  where  the  nurrafive  of  Blind  Harry  is  in- 
credible. I  would  eak  Rcotus  to  examine  care- 
fully and  coDBdectioiisly  the  minatri;rs  most 
popular,  and,  I  may  add,  moat  poetical  legend  of 
"Marion  Bradfute,"  and  say  whether  it  deservea 
a  moment's  credence. 

GEORau  Verb  lETDia. 

GiiNsnoRoiTOH's  "  Blue  Boy  "  (4"'  S.  iii.  57C ; 
iy.  23,  41.)— My  assertion  that  "there  is  not  ft 
ehadon  of  doubt  as  to  the  authenticity  and  ge- 
nuineness of  the  '  Blue  Boy  '  belonging  to  the 
Marquis  of  Weatminster  "  may  appar  rather  un- 

Sualifled,  eapecially  at  a  time  when  there  ftre  few 
lings,  sacred  or  profiinc,  which  escape  the  bands 
of  the  critic.  I  ought  to  have  said  that  in  ray 
mind  there  was  not  the  slightest  doubt,  and  I 
think  tbat  any  one  conversant  with  the  works  of 
Gainsborough,  lockin^^  at  this  picture,  will  agree 
with  me  in  this  opinion.  Fuluher's  statement 
that  tbe  picture  was  bought  by  the  first  Earl 
Groavenor  is  obviously  an  error  if  it  were  in 
Iloppner's  possession  in  1808.  Such  an  error, 
however,  in  of  very  little  moment.  The  picture 
speaks  for  iti^elf;  its  merits  have  loag  furnished  a 
theme  for  art  critics  to  dilate  upon,  and  not  one 
has  hitherto  hinted  a  doubt  as  to  this  "  Blue  Boy" 
being  a  tiiie  and  genuine  Gainsborough.  When 
first  exhibited  at  the  Britiah  laatitution  in  1615 
there  would  be  many  living,  both  artists  and  ama- 
teurs, well  acquninted  with  this  artist's  works, 
«nd  with  the  history  of  this  picture,  yet  at  that 
time  all  acquies:ed  in  cnnsideimg  it  genuine.  J.S. 
says  "  it  is  understood,"  and  again,  tbat  it  is  "  an 
alleged  fact"  that  the  Westminster  "  Blue  Boy  " 
was  purchased  from  a  Wardour  Street  picture 
dealer;  this,  even  if  proved  to  be  true,  is  quite 
immaterial,  and  does  not  affect  the  character  of  tbe 
picture  i]i  the  least  degree,  ns  by  far  the  greater 
portion  of  the  beat  pictures  iu  England  have 
passed  through  the  banda  of  dealers,  Allan  Cun- 
ninghem  and  Mrs.  Jameson  both  say  that  the 
"  Blue  Roy  "  passed  from  the  possewion  of  Hopp- 
ner  to  that  of  Earl  Grosvenor.  Mrs.  Jameson 
gives  the  size  five  feet  ten  inches  by  four  feet, 
B*me  as  the  picture  formerly  tbe  property  of  Mr, 
Hall.  Q,  D.  ToKLiNaoir. 

Cambridge. 


Stone  Pillib  Crosses  (4"  S.  iv.  97.)  ~  The 
itoae  pillar  set  up  by  Diogo  Cam  in  14e6  at  Capo 
Croas  IS  atill  atandinc-.  (Edinburgh  Reeieio,  July 
1868,  art.  ''  Prince  llenry  the  Navu;ator,"  being 
A  review  of  Major's  Life  of  Prmce  Heuru,  &c.,  kt 
p.  225  of  voL  cxKviii. 

JooN  Hoseyhs-Abrahall. 

FiTz-SiRiTHERN :  Leuah  Service  (4'"  S.  iii. 
301.)— In  the  communication  relative  to  Mr.  Flte- 
Stratbern,  of  mysterious  origin,  recently  tram- 
mi  tted  and  inserted  in"  N,&Q."  there  was  amistake 
as  to  the  place  where  the  Leman  Service  pro- 
ceeded, of  no  great  moment,  which  it  may  be  as 
well  to  conect.  It  was  a  trivial  error  arising  from 
the  lnn!«c  of  so  many  years  eince  the  event  came 
o3".  The  following  cutting  from  a  Scolish  new- 
spaper, tvunsferred  at  the  time  to  an  English 
journal,  allows  that  it  occurred  at  Musselbur^,  a 
town  also  in  the  county  of  Midlothian :  — 

"Tub  Lkuas  CAae.— The  jury  was  empanelled  yea- 
terday .  in  the  Court  Hall,  Musitlburgb,  for  tbe  purpose  of 
serving  SirJoH«ph  Lenian,  Bart.,  heir  mala  of  tbe  bo^r 
of  Iknjainin  Leuiflu,  who  woa  tbe  son  of  Sir  VVilliam  aod 
Maty  Leman,  of  Northan,  in  the  county  of  Ilettt.  Tha 
jury  returned  a  unanimous  verdict  in  Isvour  of  theuid 
r=ir  Josrph  I.cm.in,  of  Xorlh  Cadbury.  in  the  «>antj  of 
Somfmct.  TIUa  important  deci:<ion  will  now  »t  at  rwt 
the  claims  of  other  partiej  who  havo  been  for  many  years 
oadeavourinfv  to  establish  a  ri^ht  to  this  immenM  pjn>- 
perty  anil  title.  The  income  derived  from  the  dlffermt 
estates  ia  upwards  of  IOI),U00J,  a-vear,  besides  property  la 
thefundsto  the  amountof  l,GD0,UOU/.  of  which  Sir  JoMph 

Wctkly  Chramcli,  Feb,  12,  1843. 

The  extent  of  the  gullibility  of  the  public  was 
never  more  completely  exemplified  tbuu,  by  this 
announcement  Hero  was  a  notiticatioQ  that,  by  a 
service  before  a  jury  assembled  in  a  small  town 
of  the  county  of  Mjdlolhian,  a  legal  right  had 
been  given  to  the  alleged  representative  of  a  man 
deaciibed  as  of  Someraet,  not  only  to  real  estate 
of  imraenae  value,  but  to  movable  property  of 
more  than  a  million  I 

Nor  is  the  deplorable  ignorance  in  England  of 
legal  proceedings  in  Scotland  more  tborougMy 
exempliSed  then  by  this  iistounding  intimation — 
that,  by  coming  to  the  North,  and  satisfying  a 
dozen  ignorant  blockheads  of  a  mnn's  descent,  be 
was  thereby  entitled  to  recover  unclaimed  property 
in  England.  J.  M. 

"  FvsH-noLB  "  (4'''  S.  iv.  123.)  —  Mr,  Skbat'b 
theory  appears  to  be  a  rational  one.  If  it  haa  not 
indeed  judicial  sanction,  it  has  at  least  the  benefit 
of  an  obiter  dictum  of  a  great  lawyer  and  scholar. 
Lord  Weftbury,  His  lordnhip  said  (in  Harwood 
I  V-  Great  Nortliern  Railway  Company,  July  6, 1865 
'  (H.  L.),  14  ireeklff  Reporter,  1)  a  "  fish,  which  is 
obviously  a  vulgar  abbreviation  of  the  French 
I  word  nfficher,  is  something  annexed  externally  to 
a  joint  or  eaverance,  either  in  pieces  of  wood  or 
jdecesofiron.  The  familiar  application  of  the  word 


4*»»  S.  IV.  Ski>t.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AXD  QUERIES. 


205 


is  well  known  to  sailors  when  they  speak  of  fish- 
ing a  broken  mast  j  namely,  annexing  the  several 
pieces  by  the  aid  of  lateral   bands  applied   ex- 
ternally. S.  T. 
Crieff. 

Historical   Query:  Abbey  of  Fecamp  (4*** 

S.  iv.  116.) — For  an  account  of  the  present  state 

of  this  abbey,  I  would  refer  IIermentrude  to  the 

French  Murray,  Adolphe  Joanne,   Itin^raire   de 

Normandic.    Paris,  Plachette,  1 806.     xVfterabrief 

historical  account  it  is  said  : — 

"De  I'abbaye  de  Fe'camp  il  no  subsi?te  plus  qu*une 
petite  partie  du  dortoir,  et  I'c^lise,  qui  offre  uu  curieux 
specimen  de  tous  les  stj-les  d'architecture  du  xi"^"  s.  au 
xviii™®  8.  &c.  &c." 

Then,  after  a  detailed  and  interesting  descrip- 
tion of  the  church  itself,  it  is  added  — 

"  Les  restes  de  I'abbaye,  achetes  par  la  ville  et  restaures 
par  ses  soins  contienuent  les  bureaux  de  la  mairie,  les 
bureaux  du  tdiegraphe,  Ij  pr^toire  de  la  justice  de  paix, 
une  ^cole  de  ^ar^ons,  une  salle  d'asile,  et  la  biblioth^ue, 
qui  possedc  prfes  de  10,000  volumes  et  des  collections 
curieuses." 

S.  n.  IIarlowe. 

The  Manse  Garden  (4^»»  S.  iv.  136.)— Dr.  Pater- 
son  was  at  one  time  minister  of  Galashiels,  but 
left  that  charge  fully  thirty  years  ago,  when  he 
was  appointed  to  St.  Andrew's  parish  in  Glasgow. 
At  the  secession  of  1843  he  went  out  of  the  Es- 
tablished and  joined  the  Free  Church,  where  since 
that  time  he  has  oiliciated  ns  minister  oi  free  St. 
Andrew's  church  in  the  same  city.  He  was  Mo- 
derator  of  the  Free  Church  General  Assembly  in 
1850.  G. 

Edinburgh. 

Ducking-stool  and  Cucking-stool  (4'*»  S.  iii- 
520;  iv.  61,  144.) — A  woman,  says  Lord  Coke 
indicted  for  being  a  common  scold  shall  be  sen- 
tenced to  be  placed  on  a  certain  instrument  of 
correction  called  the  trebucket,  tumbrel,  tymbo- 
rella,  castipatory  or  cuckwg-stoolf  which  in  the 
Saxon  language  signifies  the  scoldiny- stool;  though 
now  it  is  frequently  corrupted  into  ducking-atooly 
because  the  residue  of  the  judgment  is,  that  when 
she  is  so  placed  thereon  she  shall  be  plunged  into 
the  water  for  her  punishment  (3  Inst,  219, 
4  Comm.  109.) 

Hickes  derives  the  word  from  cockaignoj  an  idle 
jade,  a  base  woman.  ^ 

Mr.  Todd  refers  to  the  German  kaeckej  a  sort 
of  pillory. 

Kitchen  says:  ''Every  one  having  a  view  of 
frank-pledge,  ought  to  have  a  pillory  and  a  tum- 
brel." 

This  machine  was  used  by  our  Saxon  ancestors, 
who  called  it  a  scealding-doole  or  scolding-stoole. 

The  punishment  was  anciently  also  inflicted  on 
brewers  and  bakers  transgressing  the  laws,  who 
were  thereupon,  in  such  a  stool  or  chair,  to  be 
ducked  in  stercorej  some  muddy  or  stinking  pond. 


This  was  anciently  written  gaging- stool,  (Bur- 
rowe*s  Modem  Cyclopeediaj  iii.  790.)  Goinsiole, 
cohestohy  and  choahing-stool  ("quia  hoc  mode 
demerssB  aquis  fere  sufibcantur  ")  are  all  corrup- 
tions for  cucking-stool, 

Morgan,  the  editor  of  Jacob's  Law  Dictionary j 
mentions  that  he  had  seen  the  remains  of  an  in- 
strument of  this  kind  in  Warwickshire.  It  con- 
sisted of  a  long  beam  moving  on  a  fulcrum 
with  the  part  at  one  end  suspended  over  the 
centre  of  a  large  pond.  Banbury  is  perhaps  the 
last  place  in  which  it  was  used.         T.  T.  Dteb. 

CuTHBERT  Bede  makes  some  statements  as  to 
the  Leominster  ducking-stool.  As  his  statements 
appear  to  be  incorrect,  I  shall  be  much  obliged  if 
you  will  quote  an  extract  from  the  Hereford  Jout" 
nal  of  Saturday  last,  August  21.  The  extract  is 
as  under :  — 

"  When  correcting  others  Cutbbert  Bede  himself  needs 
correction.  It  was  not  Mr.  Richard  Arkwright,  the 
member  for  the  borough,  who  purchased  the  old  Town 
Uall  aad  re-erected  it  on  the  Grange,  neither  did  he  offer 
to  renovate  the  ducking-stool.  The  old  Town  Hall  was 
purchased  by  Mr.  Francis  Davies,  for  95/.,  at  a  public 
auction,  on  April  30th,  1855,  and  re-sold  by  him  for  the 
same  sum  to  the  late  Mr.  John  Arkwright,  the  father  of 
the  present  squire  of  Hampton,  and  of  the  member  for 
Leominster,  who  offered  it  to  the  town.  The  offer  was, 
however,  refused,  and  Mr.  Arkwright  thereupon  had  it 
erected  on  the  Grange  and  converted  into  a  snug  residence. 
The  ducking-stool  was  repaired  and  renovated  by  Mr. 
John  Hungerford  Arkwright  (brother  of  Mr.  Richard 
Arkwright),  and  is  now  lying  in  the  Engine  House  of 
the  Borough  Gaol.*' 

A.  G. 

Aberystwith. 

A  NuN*s  Discipline  (4'**  S.  iv.  134.) — A  nmi's 
or  a  monk's  discipline  is  a  small  instrument  of 
self-flagellation,  in  use  in  many  religious  orders 
of  both  sexes,  and  consists  of  a  small  scourge  of 
knotted  cords  sufficient  to  sting  without  lacerat- 
ing, and  generally  employed  as  an  instrument  of 
self-inflicted  penance  during  the  recital  of  the 
Psalm  Miserere  on  certain  days  fixed  by  the  rule 
of  the  order.  %  F.  C.  H. 

L<i  Trappe  (4«»  S.  iv.  158.)  — The  original 
monastery  of  La  Trappe  was  founded  so  far  back 
as  1140,  by  Rotrou,  Count  of  Perche.  But  as 
N.  K.  is  probably  in  search  of  some  accounts  of 
its  reformation  by  the  celebrated  Abb^  de  Hancd, 
or  its  peculiar  rules  and  discipline,  he  may  con- 
sult — 

"The  Life  of  Dom.  Armand-Jean  le  Bouthillier  de 
Ranee,  Abbot  regular  and  Reformer  of  the  Monasteiy  of 
La  Trappe.  By  Charles  Butler,  Esq.  of  Lincoln's  Inn, 
London,  1817." 

In  this  work  he  will  find  some  notice  of  the 
Duchesfio  de  Montbazon,  who  had,  however;  no 
connexion  whatever  with  La  Trappe. 

For  a  very  interesting  and  detailed  account  of 
the  monastery  of  La  Trappe,  at  Melleray,  its  dis- 
cipline and  inmates,  N.  K.  may  be  referred  to  a — 


206 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^  S.  IT.  Sept.  i,  '69. 


•♦  Visit  to  the  Abbey  of  La  Trappc  at  Melleray  by- 
Mr.  Ed.  Richer,  in  a  Letter  addre&ted  to  Mr.  P 

Nataraliat  at  Noirmonticr." 

I  regret  to  be  unable  to  give  the  French  title 
or  date  of  publication ;  but  a  translation  of  the 
letter  appeared  in  the  Catholic  Miscellany  for 
1822,  made  by  F.  C.  H. 

CoiK  (4***  S.  iv.  134.) — In  my  collection  of 
coins  Ib  one  somewhat  similar  to  thafc  described 
by  H.  W.  R.  It  bears  upon  the  obverse  a  full- 
face  representation  of  the  winged  lion  of  St.  Mark, 
*•  with  the  inscription  •  s  .  marc  .  ven  •  and 
the  figures  •11*  .  On  the  reverse,  balm  A.  £.  x 
ALBAN,  between  two  cinquefoils.  ! 

My  copy  is  in  excellent  preservation,  and  I  shall  i 
be  glad  fif  desired)  to  furnish  your  correspondent 
with  an  impression  of  it  for  comparison  with  the 
one  in  his  possession.  J.  Manuel. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne.  : 

To  Lie— UNDER  a  Mistake  (4»»»  S.  iv.  66, 123.)  j 
The  idea  is  Shelley's,  not  Calderon*s,  the  original  . 
being  — 

**  Td  te  engaflos ; 
Que  es  el  mentis  mas  cortes 
Que  se  dice  cara  £  cara, 
Y  3'0  digo  lo  que  siento." 

Moecon  has  taunted  Clarin  with  "  always 
praising  what  he  does,  and  never  saying  what  he 
thinks."  Clarin  replies,  "Thou  art  mistaken — 
which  is  the  most  civil  way  of  giving  the  lie  to  a 
man's  face — and  I  do  say  what  I  thiuk.'* 

Hermentrude. 

SwELTERER  (4'»»  S.  iii.  597.)— A  "  sweltry  "  (so 
the  word  is  spelt  in  the  Northampton  Mercury  of 
August  7)  was  produced  before  the  Welling- 
borough bench  of  magistrates  in  a  recent  case  of 
assault. 

From  the  report  of  the  case  it  would  appear 
that  the  defendant  had  used — or  abused  —  the 
weapon  (be  it  "  shillelagh  '*  or  what  not)  for 
"  leathering  "  a  harmless  policeman,  whose  bruised 
cuticle  afforded  abundant  evidence  that  the  "  swel-  ' 
try  "  had  not  been  wielded  in  vain.  I  can  hardly 
think  that  tlie  dictionary  word  "  swelter,"  as  G. 
("  N.  &  Q."  4**»  S.  iv.  4(3)  suggests,  has  any  con- 
nection with  the  word  in  question.  L.  X. 

Gipsies  (4'»»  S.  iii.  405,  401,  518,  667 ;  iv.  138.) 
In  the  churchyard  of  the  parish  of  Coggeshall, 
Essex,  on  the  righthand  side  of  the  path  leading 
to  the  principal  entrance  of  the  church — one  of 
rare  beauty,  and  admirably  restored  by  the  present 
worthy  vicar — is  an  upright  gravestone  erected  to 
the  memory  of  a  gipsy  of  the  name  of  Cassello 
Chilcott.  It  is  kept  in  excellent  order,  and  I  was 
told  by  the  lady  who  pointed  it  out  to  me — a 
singularly  pleasmg  one — some  three  weeks  since, 
that  it  is  visited  every  year  by  members  of  the 
tribe,  who  take  the  greatest  interest  in  its  pre- 
servation. 


The  tradition  is,  that  she  was  a  person  of  con- 
siderable importance,  and  of  a  ^  chief  house " 
among  her  people.  On  the  stone  is  the  following 
inscription,  interesting  so  far  as  showing  that 
both  she  and  her  friends  were  professedly  be- 
lievers in  the  Christian  religion : — 

"In 

Memory  of 

Casjkllo  Chilcott, 

Daughter  of 

John  and  Ruth  Chilcott, 

Who  died  in  this  Parish 

September  29,  1842, 

Aged  28  years." 

"  Casskllo  Chilcott  truly  was  my  name. 
I  ne%'er  brought  my  friends  to  grief  or  shame; 
Yet  I  have  left  them,  to  lament.     But  why 
Lament  for  death  ?    'Tis  gain  in  Christ  to  die.'^ 

Edsiund  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Kectory,  near  Arandel. 

Hogarth's  *'  Laughing  Audiencb  "  (4***  S.  iv. 
134.) — In  Bryan's  Dictionary^  vol.  i.  4to,  1816; 
in  Homce  Walpole's  Anecdotes  of  Paintittg^  4fv. 
t»  England^  at  No.  30  of  Comic  and  Serious 
Prints)*'  vol.  iv.  8vo,  1782 ;  and  in  John  Ireland's 
Hoyarth  lUudrated,  vol.  il  870,  1793,  this  pictiue 
is  described  as  an  etching. 

The  latter  authority  (Ireland)  says  at  p.  268 : — 

"  It  is  much  superior  to  the  more  delicate  engravings 
from  his  designs  by  other  artists,  and  I  prefer  it  to  those 
that  were  still  higher  finished  by  his  own  burin." 

No  mention  is  made  in  either  of  the  above 
books  of  any  painting  of  the  same  picture. 

E.B. 


The  Deformkd  Transformed  (4**»  S.  iv.  138.) 
The  error  complaiued  of  is  very  easily  explained : 
the  engraver  had  neglected  to  reverse  the  draw- 
intr  on  his  woodcut.  If  A.  H.  looks  at  his  seal  he 
will  find  it  the  reverse  of  the  impression  made 
from  it ;  or  if  he  examines  the  type  in  your  print- 
ing office  he  will  find  all  the  letters  reversed. 
This  blunder  is  by  far  too  common  with  even 
some  of  the  best  of  our  weekly  illustrated  periodi- 
cals. It  is  not  imcommon  to  see  in  them  a  soldier 
standing  at  the  order  with  his  rifle  at  his  left  side, 
or  an  ollicer  carrying  his  sword  under  hb  right 
arm.  Not  long  since  I  saw  a  carriage-and-four 
with  the  postilions  on  the  off  horses.  Even  our 
old  friend  and  favourite  Punch  is  occasionally 
guilty  in  this  respect.  A  very  few  weeks  since  he 
gave  us  a  lady  riding  on  the  q/f*  side  of  her  bicycle, 
followed  by  a  groom  wearing  his  cockade  on  the 
right  instead  of  the  left  side  of  his  hat.  I  men- 
tion these  instances  in  the  hope  that  the  parties 
concerned  may  take  the  hint  and  be  more  careful 
to  avoid  such  ridiculous  improprieties.         K  V. 

Chahpernownk  Family  (4***  S.  iii.  696.)  —  I 
have  just  seen  Dr.  Dawson  Dufpield's  qaerjr 
about  this  family,  and  also  Mr.  HurcHiNSOir^ 
reply.    It  may  be,  however,  of  some  service  to 


4fl»8.1V.  SErT.4,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


207 


state  that  in  the  work  alluded  to  — Tuckett's 
Devonshire  Pedigrees^  p.  131 — the  last  Arthur 
Champernowne  of  Dartington  (at  the  time  of  the 
Visitation.  1620)  married  Bridget,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Fulford  of  Fulford,  and  had  six  sons  and 
five  daughters.  The  eldest  son  was  then  nineteen. 
The  second  daughter  was  Bridget,  but  unmarried, 
and  probably  very  young  at  that  date. 

W.  Sloane  Sloane-Evans. 

Dodbrooke,  Kingsbridgc. 

Sir  Richard  Prideaux  (4'**  S.  iii.  427.) — In  a 
copy  of  a  pedigree  of  the  Prideaux  family  there  is 
the  following  corroboration  of  the  statements  in 
Westcote's  and  Lysons's  Devonshirsj  Wotton's 
Baronetage,  and  the  Devonshire  Visitations^  to 
which  P.  C.  alludes :  — 

*'  Ricbard  Prideaux,  of  Orchardon,  Knight,  married 
Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  Mortimer,  £ari  of  Maroii,  and 
had  issue  Jefferi',  who  married  Isabella,  daughter  of 
William  Montague,  Earl  of  Salisburv,  and  left  issue 
Peter." 

As  to  the  question  relating  to  Sir  John  Clifford, 
according  to  the  same  pedigree  the  above-men- 
tioned 

*•  Peter  Prideaux,  knight,  married  Joan,  the  daughter 
of  William  Bigbury,  knight.  He  lived  in  the  year  1214, 
and  had  issue  Kalph,  who  married  Elizabeth,  the  daughter 
of  Walter  Treverbin,  and  had  issue  Roger  and  John. 

**  Roger  Prideaux,  of  Orchardon,  knight,  married  Clara, 
the  daughter  of —  Champernowne  of  Modbury." 

No  mention  is  to  be  found  therein  of  Sir  John 
Clifford.  W.  P.  P. 

Thomas  Baker  (4**'  S.  iii.  443.) — To  those  who 
respect  the  memory  of  "  Thomas  Baker,  Socius 
ejectus,"  the  following  quotation  will  not  be  un- 
interesting. It  is  from  vol.  ii.  p.  87  of  Letters 
from  the  Bodleian  Library ^  and  occurs  in  a  letter 
from  the  Earl  of  Oxford  to  T.  Heame,  dated 
Dec  25,  1731,  when  Baker  must  have  been  in  his 
seventy-sixth  year : — 

"  1  have  had  the  pleasure,  when  I  went  to  Cambridge, 
of  waiting  upon  Mr.  Baker  of  St.  John's,  that  reverend 

and  most  worthy  man He  is  an  example  to  the 

whole  University,  but  I  fear  few  will  follow  him.  At 
his  age  he  is  up  by  4  o'clock  in  the  morning,  goes  con- 
stantly to  chapel  at  five,  and  this  he  does  without  any 
regard  to  the  season." 

William  Blades. 

Who  threw  the  Stool  ?  (4***  S.  iv.  135.)  —  ; 
"  This  was  done,*'  says  another  authority,  "  by  j 
an  old  woman  named  Hamilton,  grandmother  to 
Robert  Mein,  late  Dean  of  Guild  Officer  in  Edin- 
burgh." Kincaid's  History  of  Edinburgh  (1787); 
footnote,  p.  63.  None  of  these  discrepancies, 
however,  is  irreconcilable  with  the  supposition 
that  Jenny  Geddes  is  entitled  to  the  merit  of  the 
act,  as  that  may  have  been  her  unmarried  name, 
and  to  her  almost  all  other  authorities  ascribe  it. 

That  the  stool  shown  in  the  Edinburgh  Anti- 
quarian Museum  is  the  actual  ^sum  corpus  of 
tnat  in  question^  seems  very  doubtful.    In  an 


interesting  account  of  that  museum  which  is  to 
be  found  in  the  Leisure  HoWj  No.  312,  De- 
cember 17,  1857,  it  is  said : — 

**  We  confess  to  some  miagivings  as  to  the  identity  of 
the  stool;  and  from  the  manner  in  which  it  is  mentioned 
in  the  Catalogue,  it  is  pretty  clear  that  the  genuineness 
of  the  article  is  not  warranted  by  the  Society.'* 

G. 

Edinburgh. 

Bijmblb  Bbb  (4»»»  S.  iv.  56,  107.)  —  I  beg  per- 
mission to  say,  though  rather  late,  that  I  feel 
pretty  sure  W.  B.  C.  is  right  in  taking  bumble  as 
the  proper  word,  and  also  in  deriving  it  from  the 
Greek  root  fi6n0os.  As  applied  to  the  bee  it  is 
met  with  both  in  Theocritus  and  Aristophanes. 
The  former  says  (Id,  iii.  12), — 

The  latter  (24>^ic€j,  107,  108),— 

&(r^€p  /u/Aitt*  7/  fiofifivXihs  flff^px^rai, 
^h  rots  tvv^i  Knphv  &vair€ir\aa'fi4vos» 

Scapula's  explanation  is,  — "  Factum  est  per 
onomatopceiam,  ex  sono  jBd/u,  jSJ/a,  seu  ex  imita- 
tione  soni  li terse  j3,  ut  pofos  a  p,  et  atyfibs  a  o-.*' 
It  is  used  with  considerable  latitude.  Sometimes 
of  thunder;  by  Lucretius,  of  the  sound  of  a  horn; 
and  by  Suetonius  even  of  the  clapping  of  the  hands. 
It  is  quite  true  that  by  children  and  the  peasantry 
this  insect  is  called  humble  bee,  and  I  dare  say,  if 
asked  their  reason,  they  would  say  because  .  it 
hums — not  a  bad  one  either,  as  far  as  it  goes.  For 
against  an  objector  they  might  quote  Aumm^^bird, 
and  would  not  be  unlikely  to  auote  humming-Xo^, 
For  myself  I  incline  to  the  older  word,  as,  m  my 
opinion,  the  more  correct.  The  distinction  in  the 
hind  of  bee  is  very  clearly  marked  by  Aristophanes, 
tA4\nT  ^  fiofifiu\i6s,  the  honey  or  the  humming,  A 
distinction  still  observed  :  our  friend  of  the  garden 
being  usually  spoken  of,  kot  4^oxfiv,  as  the  honey 
bee.  Edmund  Tbw,  M.A. 

Patching  Rectorj'. 

Low  German  Language  (4"»  S.  iv.  74, 127.) — 
A  history  of  this  language  (in  German),  chiefly 
down  to  the  time  of  Luther,  was  written  by  iKL 
Kinderling,  a  clergyman  at  Calbe  on  the  Saale, 
and  appeared  at  Mc^eburg  in  1800.  Specimens 
are  given  of  the  most  distinguished  remains  then 
extant  of  the  dialect. 

K.  F.  Fulda  wrote  a  treatise  on  the  two  prin- 
cipal dialects  of  the  German  language  (Leipzig, 
1773). 

The  Language  of  the  Germans  in  all  its  Dialects 
represented  and  Ulustrated,  is  the  title  translated 
into  English  of  an  octavo  volume  by  Radlof,  and 
published  at  Frankfort  in  1817.  Vater's  LitterO" 
tttr  der  Gramniatiken,  Lexika,  Sec,  should  be  con- 
sulted (8vo,  Berlin,  1847).  Granmiars  of  the 
Platt-deutsch  hafre  been  written  by  Mossans 
(1829),  and  Wiggers  (1856).  J.  Macray. 

Oxford. 


208 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»S.IV.  Sept.  4^  W. 


Barricades  (2°'»  S.  x.  427.)— "What  is  the  ! 

first  mention  in  history  of  the  use  of  barricades  ?  "  ' 

I  find  the  following  answer  to  this  query  in  the 

Journal  du  Mb^ne  de  Henry  III  (p.  169)  :  — 

"  Sur  cest  adais  qoi  sembla  conud^rable,  et  tres  per> 
tinent,  fust  proposee  rinvention  des  barricades,  snivies 
et  approav^.  Finalement  conclues,  assavoir  que  joign- 
ant  chacane  chaine,  il  seroit  mis  des  tonneaux  pleias  de 
terre  pour  cmpescher  le  passage.  £t  que  chacun  en  son 
quartier  feroit  la  barricade  saivant  les  m^moires  qn'on 
leur  envoyeroit." 

God  knows  how  much  they  have  been  abused 
of  late,  not  only  by  the  French,  but  also  by  the 
Italians,  Germans,  and  Spaniards.  P.  A.  L. 

Payne  (4*»»  S.  iv.  56.)— William  Payne,  doubt- 
less the  person  about  whom  information  is  sought, 
is  not  mentioned  in  any  dictionary  of  painters 
that  I  have  consulted,  but  an  account  of  him  will 
be  found  at  p.  381  in  the  first  volume  of  Red- 
grave's Century  of  Painters^  publislied  by  Smith, 
Elder,  &  Co. 

Pajrne  can  hardly  be  called  the  father  of  water- 
colour  drawing,  as  he  was  preceded  by  Paul 
Sandby,  11.A.,  John  Cozens,  and  others.  Cozens 
has  perhaps  the  best  right  to  the  title,  having 
raised  water-colour  drawing  from  mere  topogra- 
phy to  a  branch  of  the  fine  arts. 

Payne,  however,  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  the 
art,  but  became  a  mannerist,  and  was  in  his  later 
years  eclipsed  by  younger  men.  He  was  living 
at  Plymouth  in  '  1786,  and  removed  thence  to 
London  in  1790,  where  he  was  the  fashionable 
drawing-master  for  many  years. 

The  dictionaries  are  very  imperfect  in  their 
records  of  the  early  water-colour  painters.  I  have 
consulted  Bryan's,  Ottley's,  and  Gould's,  but  can 
find  no  account  of  the  following  artists  ;  perhaps 
some  of  your  readers  can  supply  some  informa- 
tion :  — 

P,  S,  Munn. — I  have  seen  drawings  of  Hast- 
ings by  him,  dated  1813.  I  have  also  seen  a 
figure  drawing  of  his,  dated  1832.  His  drawings 
are  usually  in  sepia,  but  occasionally  in  colour. 
He  did  not  make  much  use  of  accidental  effects, 
but  his  drawings  are  well  coifiposed,  and  have  a 
look  of  nature.  I  have  heard  that  he  taught 
drawing.     This  of  course  is  very  probable. 

W,  F.  SmaUioood. — I  have  seen  drawings  by 
him  of  Antwerp  and  Rouen  cathedrals,  dated 
1832.  They  are  drawn  with  black-lead  pencil ; 
the  carvings  of  the  stonework  given  almost  with 
the  accuracy  of  a  photograph. 

Webster. — Of  this  artist  I  know  nothing  except 
that  he  must  have  practised  his  art  some  time  m 
the  early  part  of  the  present  century.  I  have 
seen  a  small  landscape  by  him.  L.  A. 

St.  James's  Square,  Manchester. 

Rhyme  to  Ralph  (4'''  S.  iv.  87,  124.)— Sir 
Walter  Scott's  friend  and  printer,  James  Ballan- 
tyne,  was  somewhat  given  to  the  pleasures  of  the 


table.  There  was  a  certain  raven,  Ralph  by  name 
belonging  I  think  to   Ballantyne,  who  died  of 
over-feeding.     Sir  Walter,  in  writing  to  Ballan- 
tyne shortly  after  Ralph's  demise,  tacked  the 
following  comical  warning  to  his  letter :  — 

"  When  you  are  craving, 
Remeinber  the  raven  : 
When  you've  dined  half, 
Then  think  of  poor  Ralph." 

H.  A.  KsmoBBT. 

Gay  Street,  Bath. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

T'he  Origin  and  Development  of  RelimouB  BtUef,  By  S. 
Baring-Gould,  M.A.,  Author  of  **Curioiis  Myths  of  the 
Middie  Ages."  Part  L  HeathenUm  and  MomiawK 
(Rivingtons.) 

This  book,  which  is  written  from  a  philosophic  and  no4 
from  a  theological  point  of  view,  and  in  which  theref(»« 
the  author  has  subjected  Mosaism  as  he  has  Heatheuism, 
and  will  in  the  next  volume  suljject  Christianity  to 
criticism,  is  a  volume  well  deserving  the  attention  o( 
thoughtful  readers.  The  suhject — one  which  the  author 
tells  us  he  has  studied  and  thought  over  for  many  years- 
is  an  attempt  on  purely  positive  grounds  to  determint 
the  religious  instincts  of  humanity.  This  is  more  eepe- 
cially  the  object  of  this  the  first  volume.  In  the  second 
it  is  the  author's  intention  to  show  how  that  Christianity 
by  its  fundamental  postulate — the  Incarnation — assumes 
to  meet  all  these  requirements,  and  actually  docs  so  meet 
them.  The  book  is  a  contribution  to  Comparative  Theo- 
logy— a  science  yet  in  its  infancy  ;  aud  Mr.  Baring-Gould 
has  already  shown  that  he  is  not  unfitted  for  a  work  of 
this  nature  b}'  the  various  able  publications  on  the  very 
curious  and  somewhat  cognate  subject.  Popular  Mytho> 
logy,  which  we  have  had  the  pleasure  of  heartily  com- 
mending  to  the  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

Batty^s  Catahgne  of  the  Copper  Coinage  of  Great  Britain^ 
Ireland,  British  Isles,  and  Colonies  ;  Local  and  Private 
Tokens,  Jettons,  &^c.  Compiled  from  various  Authors 
and  the  most  Celebrated  Collections;  together  with  the 
Author's  own  Collection  of  about  Ten  Thousand  Varit' 
ties.  Illustrated  with  Plates  of  Rare  and  Unpubtiahed 
Specimens.    Parts  I. —  V.     (Simpkiu  &  Marshall.) 

This  ample  title-page  sufficiently  describes  the  nature 
of  this  new  contribution  to  numismatic  literature.  Judg- 
ing from  the  five  Parts  already  issued,  the  work  promises 
to  be  by  far  the  most  complete  which  has  yet  appeared  on 
the  subject  of  the  copper  coinage  and  tokens  of  the  British 
Isles  aud  their  dependencies— a  fact  amply  sufficient  to- 
secure  it  a  welcome  from  all  collectors. 


$0ttcc^  t0  (Savvt^iititntA. 

UOTyRiLSAL  CATALoriuR  ov  ART  BooKS.  AU  Additions  and  Cor*' 
rections  should  6e  addressed  to  the  Editor,  South  Kensington  Museum^ 
1/mdon,  W. 

II.  T.  Ellacombr.  The  extract  from  Moaearis  Medumick  EjcerdiM, 
on  the  Printer's  Chapel,  appeared  in  "N.  &<^"  l«t  8.  iii.  7.  OmsuU 
also  2nd  8.  iii.  393.    Jior  the  tffpographieal  festival  eaUed  Waj/goostMt 

and  S.  iv.  91, 192. 

Edmcnt)  Tbw.  *'  Pereunt  et  imputantur:^  from  Martial,  v.  21,  is 
a  conuivm  dial  tnotto.    Hee  "  N .  ft  i^."  lit  8.  iii.  329, 430{  xiL  312,414. 

F.  II.  K.  We  have  rereiiwi  a  smalt  book  t\f  tunas  for  this  corre- 
spondent.    IViH  he  kindly  send  ua  Aw  address  T 

A.  B.  M.  ^hnbespeare's  song,  **  Tell  me  urhere  i*  famcy  bredf**  will 
he  found  in  the  Merchant  of  Venice,  Act  II.  8c.  8. 

"  NOTXB  Ain>  QUKBOES"  il  registered  ibr  tnuumtarioaalnoMd. 


4*^  S.  IV.  Sept.  11,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


209 


LONDON,  SATURDAF,  SEPTEMBER  11,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  89. 

NOTBSt  —  Mr.  Gladstone's  "Juventus  Mundi":  Deriva- 
tion of  "  An?os,  Arj^eioi,"  209  —  Was  Macbeth  himself  the  1 
Third  Murderer  at  Banquo's  Death?  211— Plan  of  the 
"  Faerie  Queen,"  /&.  —  Folk-lore,  212  — The  Earl  of  War- 
wick and  his  Place  of  Banishment  —  The  Great  Clock  of 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral—  Bobinson  Crusoe's  Island  —  Prince 
Joseph  Stuart  — The  Last  of  the  Nonjurors  — Etiquette, 
213. 

QUERIES  :—Bicycle-Chap.book  Literature  — Day  Family 

—  Dryden  Relic  — 'En-iovo-to?  —  FemiUe  Sovereigns  among 
the  Goths  —  Franking  Newspapers  —  Gleaning  —  Mar- 
garet Martin  —  Arms  of  Archbishop  Parker  —  Political 
Squib  — Ripon  Spurs—  Fatality  of  Soeep  on  Holy  Island 

—  Col.  Valentine  Walton  — Stone  in  Wensley  Church  — 
Wraxall  —  Yorkshire  Custom,  215. 

Queries  with  Anbwbbs  :  —  Lavinia  Fen  ton.  Duchess  of 
Bolton  —  Sir  Hugh  Calveley  —  Hadleigh  Caatle—  Lindsay 
of  Pitscottie's  "  History  of  Scotland ''—  Quotations  —  St. 
Elmo—  Thomas  Gascoigne,  217. 

REPLIES:  — The  Statue  of  Niobe.  218  — The  Ladies  of 
Llangollen,  220  —  Miss  Benger:  "  The  Percy  Anecdotes," 
221  — Punishment  by  Drowning,  222  — Sir  William  Roger, 
Knight,  lb.  —  Ennui,  223  —  "  Court  Circular"  —  Printer's 
Query  — Thomas  Rowlandson,  Artist —Temple  Bar- A 
Card  Query :  Games  in  which  Queens  are  not  used  —  Wat- 
ling  Street  —  Announcing  to  Bees  the  Death  of  their 
Master  —  Elizabeth  Chancer  —  Caution  to  Novelists  — 
Border  Ballad  Scraps :  "Little  Jock  Elliot "  — Reference 
wanted  —  Parliament :  Pension  —  Milton's  "  Paradise 
Lost."  224. 

Anonymous  Works  in  French  Literature,  227. 


■  — -X- 


finite, 

MR,  GLADSTONE'S  "JUVENTUS  MUNDI." 

DERIVATION  OF  "  ARGOS,   ▲ROBIOI." 

The  wonderful  amount  of  scholarship  displayed 
in  this  remarkable  work,  of  the  great  statesman  of 
our  day,  the  keen  power  of  analysis,  and  the  flood 
of  light  reflected  on  the  ''youth  of  the  world"  by 
holding  up  the  mirror  to  the  great  bard  of  anti- 
quity, fairly  take  away  one's  breath,  and  render 
criticism  almost  presumptuous.  Yet,  if  I  am  not 
greatly  mistaken,  Mr.  Gladstone  himself  would  be 
the  first  to  welcome  any  remarks,  from  however 
feeble  a  source,  which  might  aid  in  clearing  up 
a  doubtful  point  and  brining  fresh  light  to  oear 
on  any  inference  open  to  discussion. 

Such  an  opportunity  seems  to  occur  in  his 
second  chapter  *'  On  the  three  great  appellatives, 
Danaoiy  Argeioi,  AchmoiP  On  the  firat  of  these 
Mr.  Gladstone  has  been  remarkably  happy  in  his 
illustrations  and  conclusions.  On  the  third,  al- 
tboug-h  there  was  not  the  same  scope  for  original 
hypothesis,  his  inferences  are  weighty  and  con- 
vincing. The  second  I  venture,  with  all  deference, 
to  think  is  capable  of  some  moditicatipn. 

The  general  conclusion  that  ''the  Argeian 
name  ....  was  the  designation  of  the  ruling 
part  to  signify  the  whole,"  as  the  term  "English*' 
is  often  used  to  signify  all  the  inhabitants  of  the 
British  Islands,  Mr.  Gladstone  has  very  satisfac- 
torily established,  but  his  derivation  seems  open 
to  some  objections. 


1.  He  identifies  argos  with  the  Greek  &7p(^r, 
Latin  ager.  He  says,  "on  comparing  it  (argos) 
with  iLyp6sj  the  proper  term  for  describing  a  rural 
tract,  this  latter  appears  to  be  the  very  same  word, 
with  the  middle  consonants  transposed"  (p.  62). 

2.  He  quotes  from  Homer  a  variety  of  pas- 
sages, in  which  argos  is  used  adjectively  as  ap- 
plied to  dogs,  oxen,  a  goose,  and  a  horse,  with 
the  sense  of  whiteness  or  brightness  applicable  in 
each  case:  ''but,"  he  continues,  "the  sense  of 
whiteness  or  brightness  could  only  be  applicable 
to  such  districts  of  country  as  might  be  chalky  or 
sandy,  and  this  sense,  therefore,  will  in  no  way 
assist  us  towards  an  explanation  of  the  territoiial 
name  Argoa  with  its  very  wide  application" 
(p.  63).   ^        ^ 

3.  He  identifies  argos  with  Gr.  tpryovy  to  which 
he  applies  the  sense  of  an  extent  of  land  tilled  or 
suitable  for  tillage :  "  For  tpyov  in  Homer,  while 
it  is  applicable  to  industrial  operations  generally, 
is  primarily  and  specially  applied  to  agnculture  " 
(p.  63). 

He  considers  that  the  a  in  argoa  and  the  e  in 
tpryov  are  interchanppeable  and  not  radical  (p.  64). 
The  primary  meamng,  he  considers,  may  be  con- 
veyed by  tne  term  "strenuous,"  which  "will 
perhaps  be  found  to  suit  all  the  diversified  phrases 
cited'^(p.66). 

4.  He  then  shows  that  Argeioi  in  Greek  and 
agrestis  in  Latin  came  by  degrees  to  signify  hus- 
bandmen or  rustics,  and  gradually  became  de- 
based in  their  application,  liKe  our  word  "  villain" 
(p.  66). 

On  these  points  I  beg  most  respectfully  to  oflfer 
the  following  remarks :  — 

1.  The  common  origin  of  arg^s,  agr^os  (Lat. 
agr  or  ager),  and  lp7ov,  vdll  not  stand  the  test  of 
analytical  inquiry.  The  supposed  metatiiesis  be- 
tween the  consonants  g  and  r  is  an  imwarranted 
aitoumption.  In  the  later  stages  of  a  language 
such  transpositions  sometimes  occur,  as  in  A.-o. 
gerSj  modem  English  grass;  A.-S.  ax^ian,  Eng- 
lish ask ;  but  in  the  radical  elements  of  a  language 
all  identity  would  be  destroyed  if  such  a  prin- 
ciple were  admitted.  Where  such  do  occur,  as 
in  the  convertibility  of  Sanskrit  ri  into  or,  they 
are  not  matter  of  conjecture,  but  reducible  to 
strict  rule  and  law.  Most  of  the  Aryan  roots 
preserved  in  Sanskrit  are  biconsonantal,  and  to 
transpose  the  consonants  would  be  to  change  the 
root. 

The  root  agr  is  found  in  most  of  the  Aryan 
languages,  with  much  the  same  meaning  —  that 
of  a  plain  or  field,  Gr.  oryposj  Lat.  ager.  In  San- 
skrit and  Zend,  as  is  frequently  the  case,  the  j^t- 
tjaral  g  has  been  softened  into  the  palatal,  San- 
skrit o/r-a,  Zend  asr-a.  In  the  Teutonic  tongues, 
according  to  the  law  of  permutation  discovered 
by  Grimm,  the  tenuis  h  in  [Low  German,  and 
the  aspirate  ch  in  High  German,  take  the  place 


210 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[4«»S.1V.  Sept.  11,  W. 


of  tlie  guttural  ^,  and  we  have  Goth,  akvj  Old  Ger. 
achaTy  Swed.  dker,  A.-S.  eecery  &c.* 

2.  Argj  the  radical  of  argoa,  is  found  in  kpy^ipiov^ 
Lat.  arg-entum,  silver;  arg-iUoj  white  clay,  &c. 
In  the  Celtic  tongues  we  have,  Cymric  arg-arif 
bright,  shining,  splendid ;  Gaelic  arg,  white^  shin- 
ing ;  Cornish  arch-ans,  silver.  With  this  primary 
signification,  the  use  of  iftyhs  as  an  epithet  by 
Homer  closely  corresponds.  In  some  of  the  pas- 
fiages  quoted  by  Mr.  Gladstone,  the  term  certamly 
imports  more  tnan  mere  whiteness.  Take^  for  in- 
stance (//.  xxiii.  30),  where  the  oxen  sacrificed  at 
the  funeral  feast  of  Patroclus  are  termed  &6es  ipyoL 
This  is  usually  translated  "  white  oxen."  Cowper 
renders  it  — 

**  Many  a  white  heifer  by  the  ruthless  steel 
Lay  bleeding," — 

with  a  note  expressive  of  some  doubt.  Lord 
Derby  omits  the  colour  altogether.  The  German 
critic  Dammf  remarks:  ^^quomodo  albiP  erat 
enim  rd^pos,  et  nigri  boves  sacrificabantur  inferis." 
A  similar  passage  might  be  quoted  from  Pindar. 
It  is  evident,  then,  that  the  meaning  must  be 
extended  beyond  mere  colour  to  include  brightness 
and  beauty.  So  the  herdsman  Arfps,  being  all 
eyes,  must  certainly  have  excelled  m  brightness. 
The  ship  Argo  again,  with  her  adventurous 
freight :  what  name  so  appropriate  as  **  the  bright, 
the  beautiful "  ? 
The  radical  arg  can  be  traced  to  the  root  pre-  | 

served  in  Sanskrit  "^T^  ,  rd/,  to  shine ;  whence 

I-At.  reg-Of  and  in  the  Teutonic  tongues,  Goth. 
riksj  A.-S.  ricj  ruler,  English  rtch.X 

3.  I  now  come  to  the  word  fyyoi',  referred  by 
Mr.  Gladstone  to  a  common  root  with  ayphs  and 
ipy6s.  He  says,  truly,  that  this  word  was  origi- 
nally written  and  pronounced  with  the  initial  f, 
or  cugamma,  Ftpyov  or  fapyoy,  and  thus  it  ought  to 
be  written  in  Homer  in  nearly  every  place  where 
it  occurs. 

The  old  lexicographers,  having  no  access  to  the 
original  Aryan  sources,  and  misled  by  a  fancied 
analogy,  derived  this  word  from  ^pa,  the  earth. 
Whence  the  y  (evidently  a  part  of  the  root) 
was  obtained,  they  do  not  inform  us.  The  pri- 
mary meaning  was  thought  to  be  that  of  plough- 
ing or  tilling  the  land.  More  recent  autnorities 
assign  a  difi*erent  primary  meaning.  Liddell 
and  Scott  give  the  signification  as  especially  ''  a 
heavy  labour,  a  severe  work,"  and  compare  it 
with  English  "  irk,  irksome."  So  ^fO'«  generally 
means,  to  drive  by  force  or  hard  labour.    In  the 

•  See,  amongst  other  authorities  —  Pictet,  Origines 
Indo-EnropeenneSf  ii.  5  ;  Benfev,  Sansk,  Diet,  sub  voc. ; 
Bopp,  Gloss.  Sansk,,  do.;  Gabefenz  and  Loebe,  Gloss,  der 
Gothischen  Sprtiche;  Leo  Merer,  Die  Gothische  Sprache. 

t  Novum  Lex.  GraCy  Berolini,  1765. 

X  See  on  this  Bopp  and  the  other  authorities  quoted 
above. 


Iliad,  tpyov  is  generally  applied  to  fightmg,  or 
hard  labour  connected  witn  it,  as  ipryov  ipya\4w, 
an  arduous  fight  (77.  iv.  470) ;  rtrixfitro  l\  fpyw 
*Ax^vv,  the  battle  of  the  Greeks  was  finished 
(//.  vii.  465).  In  the  Odyssey y  there  is  no  doubt 
the  word  is  generally  applied  to  labour  on  the 
land. 

Now  the  digamma,  or  initial  f,  which  belongs 
to  ipryov,  is  represented  in  Sanskrit  by  v,  and  in 
the  Teutonic  tongues  by  w.  On  the  one  hand 
modem  philologers  connect  tpr^ov  with  Sanskrit 

■^^     (vrij  or  varj),  to  push,  overturn;*    Lat, 

arc-eOf  ex-erc-eo :  and  on  the  other  with  the  Teu- 
tonic dialects,  under  the  form  of  Goth,  waurk^ 
A.-S.  weorCf  Ger.  wirk,  Swed.  verk,  &c.t — the 
tenuis  k  representing  the  Greek  medial  g.  It  may 
be  observed,  that  our  A.-S.  weorc  not  only  meani 
work  in  our  modem  sense,  but  trouble,  sorrow, 
pain. 

I  have  thus  briefly  endeavoured  to  show  that 
iryp6s,  a  field,  &py6s,  shining,  brilliant,  and  ^pyov^ 
hard  work,  are  not  cognate  forms,  but  express 
meanings  radically  distinct  in  their  origin.        ^ 

I  venture  to  think  that  the  accomplished  author 
of  Juventus  Mundi  has  been  tempted  by  the  over- 
flowing abundance  of  his  resources  to  refine  » 
little  too  much,  and  to  overlook  the  simple  mean- 
ing lying  at  his  feet.  If  a  locality  has  any  claims 
to  beauty,  few  epithets  are  more  commonly  ap- 
plied by  a  tribe  to  their  native  land  than  "  t£e 
Dright,"  the  beautiful.  Thus,  in  our  own  country, 
we  have  Briht-stowe  (now  Bristol),  the  beautiful 
or  bright  place;  Sheen  (now  Richmond),  tho 
beautiful.  In  French  we  have  Beauchamp,  Belle- 
ville, Beaumanoir,  Belvoir,  Beaumarais,  &c.,  not 
to  speak  of  La  belle  France.  In  Italian,  Bello 
Campo,  Buona-parte,  Bella  Italia.  In  German, 
Gutenheim,  Wohlstadt,  Schonburg,  &c. 

Now  what  could  be  more  natural  than  that  the 
inhabitants  of  the  Argolic  plain,  prominent  as 
they  appear  to  have  been,  should  have  made  their 
land  equally  prominent  by  calling  it  the  bright, 
the  beautiful — Argos  kot  ^{ox/>.  Nor  would  it 
api^ear  in  archaic  times  to  have  possessed  slight 
Claims  to  this  distinction.  Wordsworth  describes 
it  as  a  hollow  sloping  plain  surrounded  by  hills 
on  three  sides,  opening  to  the  Gulf  of  Nauplia  on 
the  south-east.  The  higher  part  sufi*ers  from  want 
of  water,  the  lower  part  is  a  swamp  from  its 
excess.  There  is  no  doubt  that  time  and  neglect 
have  greatly  deteriorated  both  the  soil  and  the 
climate,  and  that  in  the  days  of  the  Homeric 
heroes  it  possessed  all  the  loveliness  of  which  the 
bare  elements  still  remain. 

The  ideas  here  thrown  out  might  be  greatly 
expanded,  but  space  will  not  permit.    I  submit 

*  See  Benfey,  snh  voc, 

t  See  Meyof,  VVachter,  Ihre,  Gabclenz,  &c. 


4*kS.IV.  Sept.  11, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


211 


them  with  all  humility,  as  tending  rather  to  sim- 
plify and  strengthen  Mr.  Gladstone's  main  in- 
ferences than  in  any  way  to  impugn  or  controvert 
their  general  tendency.  J.  A.  Picton. 

Wavertree,  near  Liverpool. 


WAS   MACBETH   HIMSELF   THE  THIRD   MUR- 
DERER AT  BANQUO'S  DEATH  ? 

I  do  not  rememher  having  seen  this  suggested 
by  any  Shaksperian  commentator.  Yet  I  think 
there  are  grounds  for  believing  that  it  was  a  part 
of  Shakspeare's  design — that  he  purposely  left  it 
untold  in  words^  and^  as  it  were,  a  secret  to  be 
found  out ;  and,  to  any  one  accepting  such  a  view, 
the  tragedy  will  be  found,  I  believe,  deepened  in 
effect 

The  following  are  the  circumstances  on  which 
I  rest  the  opinion :  — 

1.  Although  the  banquet  was  to  commence  at 
seven,  Macbeth  (as  he  had  foretold  his  queen  and 
courtiers)  did  not  go  there  till  near  midnight. 

2.  He  had  no  more  than  entered  the  room  of 
state  when  the  first  murderer  came  to  tell  him  of 
the  deed,  apparently  freshly  committed. 

3.  Absent  and  alone  four  or  five  hours,  how 
had  Macbeth  been  employed?  With  such  a 
dreadful  matter  at  issue,  he  could  not  have  been 
resting  or  engaged  in  any  other  business.  He 
must  have  been  taken  up  with  the  intended  mur- 
der some  way  or  other;  and  I,  for  one,  cannot 
conceive  of  his  going  to  the  banquet  with  the 
barest  chance  of  his  plot  miscarrying,  and  of 
Banquo*8  arriving  in  the  midst  of  the  gaiety,  with 
the  narrative  of  the  inexplicable  and  alarming 
attempt.  But  if  he  waited  away  till  his  mind 
would  be  relieved  by  a  knowledge  of  the  assassin- 
ation, this  could  not  have  been,  unless  he  was 
personally  engaged  in  it,  because  it  was  after  he 
went  that  he  was  told.  He  had  indeed  actually 
commenced,  in  a  hearty  and  confident  manner, 
Ms  duties  as  host  when  the  stained  messenger 
entered. 

4.  The  two  murderers  employed  (opposite  tjrpes 
of  evil  instruments — the  one  world- sick,  and  the 
other  world-hating)  Macbeth  had  been,  as  we 
know,  at  great  pains  to  influence  for  his  purpose ; 
and  if  there  had  been  a  third  man  in  whose  hands 
he  could  have  put  himself,  and  to  whom  he  could 
have  committed  the  superintendence  of  the  others, 
we  certainly  should  have  heard  of  that  man.  He 
would  have  been  Macbeth's  chief  confidant,  and 
as  such  would  in  all  probability  have  been  first  to 
reach  the  banquet  room,  carrying  the  longed-for 
tidings. 

5.  The  first  murderer  told  Macbeth  that  he 
**  cut  Banquo's  throat,"  ^*  that  was  his  work" ;  but 
there  were  twenty  wounds  in  the  victim's  head — 
"twenty  mortal  murthers."  A  needless  and  devilish 
land  of  mutilation,  not  like  the  work  of  hirelings. 


6.  When  the  third  murderer  unexpectedly 
joined  the  others  (be  it  observed,  just  before  the 
attack,  as  if  he  separately  had  been  listening  for 
the  returning  travellers),  he  repeated  the  orders 
they  had  got,  so  precisely  as  at  once  to  remove 
their  doubt.  He  was  the  first  to  hear  the  sound 
of  horse.  He  showed  unusual  intimacy  with  the 
locality,  and  the  habits  of  the  visitors,  &c.  It 
was^  he  who  identified  Banquo.  Probably,  to  do 
away  with  the  chance  of  his  being  recognised,  he 
seems  to  have  struck  down  the  light  (although  ha 
asked  about  it);  and  it  was  he  who,  searching 
the  ground,  found  Fleance  escaped. 

7.  There  was  a  levity  in  Macbeth's  manner  in 
his  interview  with  the  first  murderer  at  the 
banquet,  which  has  been  frequently  remarked  on 
by  editors,  &c.,  and  which  well  might  be  if  he 
personally  knew  that  Banquo  was  dead.  (The 
passages,  "Then  comes  my  fit  again/'  &c.,  and 
"  There  the  grown  serpent  lies,"  &c.,  should, 
doubtless,  be  spoken  to  himself.) 

8.  When  the  spirit  appears,  Macbeth  asks  those 
about  him  "which  of  them  had  done  it,"  evi- 
dently to  take  their  suspicion  off  himself  (for  he 
knew) ;  and  his  words  *  - 

**  Tboa  canst  not  say  1  did  it :  never  shake 
Thy  gory  locks  at  me," — 

sound  very  like,  ''In  yon  black  struggle  you 
could  never  know  me." 

There  are  other  points  which  might  be  intro- 
duced, but  I  have  already  taken  up  much  space ; 
and  my  excuse  must  be  that,  so  lar  as  I  know, 
the  speculation  is  a  fresh  one.  If  not,  I  would 
like  to  hear  by  whom  a  similar  opinion  has  been 
held,  and  if  upon  the  same  grounds. 

I  said  that,  accepting  such  a  view,  I  thought  the 
tragedy  deepened  in  effect.  For  instance,  it  shows 
Macbeth's  .terrible  degradation  in  that  he  could  per- 
sonally, and  alon^  vntn  hired  murderers,  assassinate 
his  friend  and  fellow-soldier.  The  "  twenty  mor- 
tal murthers  "  exhibit  the  fear  of  criminal  ambi- 
tion in  its  utmost  activity.  In  the  king  disguised, 
being  but  a  little  ago  a  murderer  in  the  gloom, 
and  now  in  his  regal  robes  presiding  over  a  ban- 
quet, we  have  a  striking  contrast  And  the  shock 
he  sustains  on  beholding  Banquo's  phantom  is 
surely  intensified  through  his  certainty  of  his 
having  himself  destroyed  him,  and  left  him  dead 
bevond  all  question.  Aliak  Park  Paton. 

iVatt  Monument,  Greenock. 


PLAN  OF  THE  "  FAERIE  QUEEN.** 

In  his  letter  to  Sir  Walter  Baleigh,  prefixed  io 
his  poem,  Spenser  says  that  it  should  consist  of 
twelve  books.  He  speaks  of  no  other  division, 
but  it  is,  I  think,  evident  that  he  must  have  had 
a  higher  one  in  his  mind,  though  possibly  uncon- 
sciously. This  appears  to  me  to  be  a  division 
into  four  parts,  each  consisting  of  three  books; 


212 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  Sept.  11,  -69. 


the  central  one,  as  I  may  style  it,  of  each  being 

assigfned  to  one  of  the  cardinal  virtues,  and  the 

lateral  ones  to  virtues  of    the  same  kind  but 

higher  in  degree.     This,  I  apprehend,  will  appear 

to  be  the  case  if  we  inspect  the  two  parts  which 

the  poet  lived  to  write  and  publish.     The  whole 

poem,  if  complete,  would,  I  fancy,  have  presented 

the  following  appearance :  — 

Parti. 
Holiness,  Temperanck,  Chastity. 

Part  II. 
Friendship,  Justice,  Courtesy. 

Part  III. 
Constancy,  Fortitude,  Patience. 

Part  IV. 
Piety,  Prudence,'  W^wttoro. 

I  term  the  first  book  of  the  third  part  the 
Legend  of  Constancy,  as  the  two  cantos  of  Muta- 
bility must  have  belonged  to  it ;  and  I  think  that 
Sir  Peridure,  who  is  mentioned  (iii.  8,  28)  along 
with  Satirane  and  Calledore  as  one  of  the  knights 
of  Faerie,  may  have  been  the  hero  of  one  of  the 
books  of  this  part.  The  Leg^end  of  Patience  is  of 
course  quite  conjectural.  I  term  the  first  book 
of  the  last  part  the  Legend  of  Piety,  for  surely 
piety  is  the  highest  form  of  prudence;  and  the 
fcist  the  Legend  of  Wisdom — that  is,  political 
wisdom  or  statesmanship.  There  is  a  knight  of 
Faerie  (ii.  9,  (.6)  named  Sir  Sophy  (<ro(i>6s),  who 
was  probably  the  hero  of  it. 

**  Fierce  wars  and  faithfiil  loves  shall  moralize  my  song," 

are  the  words  of  the  poet  in  the  very  first  stanza 
of  his  work.  In  the  eleventh  canto  of  the  same 
book  (st.  7),  he  calls  on  the  Muse  to  moderate 
her  tone  — 

"  Till  I  of  wars  and  bloody  Mars  do  sing. 
And  Briton  fields  with  Sarazen  blood  bedyed 
Twixt  that  great  Faerie  Queen  and  Paynim  King, 
That  with  the  horror  heaven  and  earth  did  ring  "  ; 

and  in  the  last  canto  the  Red  Cross  Knight  de- 
clares that  he  is  bound  — 

"  Back  to  retonm  to  that  great  Faerie  Queen, 
And  her  to  serve  six  years  in  warlike  wise 
'Gainst  that  proud  Paynim  King  that  works  her  teen." 

(St.  18.) 

Hence  we  may  infer  that  the  last  two  parts  were  to 
contain  an  account  of  the  war  in  the  Low  Coun- 
tries, the  Armada,  &c. ;  but  where  or  how  they  were 
to  be  related  it  is,  I  fear,  impossible  to  conjecture 
with  any  degree  of  certainty.  Perhaps  the  "  fierce 
wars"  may  have  "  moralised"  the  third  part,  and 
the  fourth  may  have  contained  the  civil  and  reli- 
gious regulations  of  the  great  Gloriana. 

We  have  only  one  half  of  the  meditated  poem, 
and  surely  it  is  no  profanity  to  say  that  we  have 
enough  and  more  than  enough  of  it.  I  would 
even  go  so  far  as  to  say  that,  in  my  opinion,  it 
would  have  been  better  for  the  poet's  fame  if  the 
second  part  had  never  appeared.  Notwithstand- 
ng  its  many  beauties,  it  is  decidedly  inferior  to 


the  first  part  ,*  and  there  is  little  rea.son  to  suppose 
that  the  poet,  as  he  advanced,  would  have  again 
soared  to  his  original  elevation.  But  had  we  only 
the  first  part  we  should  no  doubt  in  imagination 
view  him  at  it,  and  regret  the  premature  abruption 
of  such  a  noble  work  of  genius. 

Thos.  Keightlet. 


FOLK  LORE. 


YoBXSHiRE  Folk-lore. — A  Yorkshireman,  re- 
sident in  the  North  Riding  of  his  native  county, 
forgot  to  tell  his  cow  that  his  wife  was  dead.  The 
cow  died,  and  the  death  was  attributed  to  the  fact 
that  the  poor  beast  had  not  been  told  of  the  death 
of  the  woman  I     R.  D.  D awson-Duffield,  LL  JD. 

Sephton  Rectory,  Liverpool. 

Warwickshire  Folk-lore. — Please  give  room 
to  the  following  bit  of  folk-lore :  — 

"  Among  the  superstitions  still  existing  is  one  in  War- 
wickshire respecting  rain  that  falls  on  Ascension  Day» 
A  contemporary  says  :  — 

*  In  a  village  a  few  miles  north  of  Rugby,  several  old 
women  might  have  been  seen  last  Thursday  busily  en- " 
gaged  in  catching  the  falling  rain,  which  they  caiefully 
bottled  for  use  during  the  ensuing  year.  On  inquiring  what 
peculiar  properties  the  water  so  obtained  was  supposed  to 
possess,  and  to  what  purpose  it  was  intended  to  be  ap- 
plied, a  venerable  old  woman  said  that  the  water  had  the 
property  of  preventing  heavy  bread,  and  would  keep  for 
a  year.  Every  week,  when  a  batch  of  bread  is  baked,  a 
teaspoonful  of  the  water  is  added  to  the  leaven,  and  this 
causes  the  bread  to  be  light.' " — The  Guardian,  Mav  19. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

Renfrewshire  Folk-lore. — It  is  considered 
unlucky  for  a  young  man  to  present  a  copy  of  the 
Bible  to  his  sweetheart..  I  heard  this  for  the 
first  time  a  few  days  ago. 

If  a  moth  persist  in  flying  round  about  you  for 
a  short  time,  it  is  said  to  be  a  sign  that  you  are 
about  to  receive  a  letter.  According  to  the  size 
of  the  moth  will  the  letter  be. 

When  you  get  a  tooth  extracted,  or  when  one 
becomes  loose  and  falls  out,  you  are  told  to  go  to 
some  retired  spot  where  no  one  may  see  you,  and 
throw  it  with  your  left  hand  over  your  rioM 
shoulder ;  and  after  a  while,  when  you  again  visit 
the  place,  you  will  find  a  treasure.  When  the 
treasure  is  not  found,  I  suppose  it  will  be  said 
that  you  did  not  find  the  exact  spot  where  the 
tooth  fell,  or  you  did  not  throw  it  properly. 

1).  MacpttatTj. 

27,  Castle  Street,  Paisley. 

Irish  Folk-lore  :  Doas. — It  is  lucky  for  a  dog 
to  come  into  the  house  the  first  thing  in  the 
morning.  Htde  Clares. 

A  North-country  Legend.  —  In  *'  N.  &  Q." 
4^**  S.  iii.  526,  is  the  following  in  a  communication 
entitled  "Antiquities  of  Leominster  " :— 


4«*«  L.  IT.  bEi'T.  11/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


213 


"  He  that  gives  away  all 
Before  he  is  dead, 
Let  'em  take  this  hatchet, 
And  knock  him  on  y«  head." 

These  lines  call  to  my  remembrance  a  North- 
country  story  told  when  I  was  a  child,  which  ran 
thus : — 

A  certain  man  named  Patterson,  by  trade  a 
joiner,  was  ever  ready  to  give  his  neighbours  help 
in  money,  and  so  liberally  as  to  induce  an  idea 
that  he  was  the  possessor  of  hidden  treasure.  In 
process  of  time  the  man  died,  and  eager  relations 
and  friends  rushed  to  seek  for  the  supposed  wealth. 
However,  nothing  was  found  but  his  chest  of 
tools.  Uppermost  lay  his  wooden  hammer,  which 
in  Cumberland  is  called  a  mell;  to  this  was 
attached  a  paper  whereon  was  written  these  four 
condemnatory  lines : — 

"  He  that  gives  away  all, 

And  leaves  none  for  himsel'. 
Should  be  struck  on  the  head 
With  John  Patterson's  mell." 

Anna  H. 

An  Omen  of  Ill-luck.— In  my  neighbour- 
hood it  is  looked  upon  as  a  very  unlucky  omen 
to  find  the  bellows  placed  upon  a  table,  and  few 
servants  will  do  it  or  allow  it  to  be  done.  Is  this 
instance  of  credulity  peculiar  to  our  locality,  or  is 
it  more  or  less  general  ?  M.  I). 

L.\jfCAsniRE  Farmer's  Hhyme. — I  came  upon 

the  following  this  morning  in  an  unlikely  quarter. 

If  it  be  not  preserved  in  *^  N.  &  Q.,"  it  should 

have  a  place  there  :  — 

*'  Maries,  &c.,  may  be  advantageously  used  to  consoli- 
date the  peat It  has  been  long  understood  in 

Lancashire,  wliere  their  clay  marles  have  been  immemo- 
rially  applied  to  a  mossy  soil,  as  appears  by  the  following 
rhymes  whicli  are  repeated  by  the  country  people  :  — 

"  If  you  marie  land,  you  may  buy  land  ; 
If  you  marie  moss,  you  shall  have  no  loss  ; 
But  if  you  marie  clay,  you  throw  all  away." 

W.  Peck,  Topog.  Account  of  the  Isle  of 
AxholmCy  p.  47. 

A.  O.  V.  P. 

Mother  Shipton. — In  the  catalogue  of  Rack- 
stow's  Museum,  exhibited  in  Fleet  Street,  London, 
1792,  is  this  paragraph  :  — 

*'  A  ligure  of  Mother  Shipton,  the  prophetess,  in  which 
the  lineaments  of  extreme  old  aj]fe  are  strongly  and 
naturally  marked.  Also  her  real  skull,  brought  from  her 
burial-place  at  Knaresborough,  in  Yorkshire." 

Edward  Hajlstone. 
Horton  Uall.       

The  Earl  of  Warwick  and  his  Place  of 

Banishment. — In  looking  over  my  copy  of  Frois- 

sart's  Chronicles  (Bohn's  edition,  1852,  ii.  667^  I 

lind  it  stated  that  the  renowned  Earl  of  Warwick 

was  banished  for  life  by  Kichard  II.  to  the  Isle 

of  Wight :  — 

"  Through  the  ven^'  earnest  supplications  of  the  Earl 
of  Salisbury  an«l  other:^,  lie  was    respited  from  death, 


but  banished  to  the  Isle  of  Wight,  which  is  a  depen- 
dency on  England.  He  was  told—'  Earl  of  Warwick, 
this  sentence  is  very  favourable,  for  yon  have  deserved 
to  die  as  much  as  the  Earl  of  Arundel,  but  the  handsome 
services  you  have  done  in  times  past  to  King  Edward  of 
happy  memory,  and  the  Prince  of  Wales  his  son,  as  well 
on  this  as  on  the  other  side  of  the  sea,  have  secured  your 
life ;  but  it  is  ordered  that  you  banish  yourself  to  the 
Isle  of  Wight,  taking  with  you  a  sufficiency  of  wealth 
to  support  your  state  as  long  as  you  shall  live,  and  that 
you  never  quit  the  island." 

This  is  manifestly  an  error,  for  it  will  be  found 
by  a  document  in  the  Rottdi  ParUamentorum. 
21  Rich.  II.  that  — 

"The  king  pardoned  the  Earl  of  Warwick  of  the  exe- 
cution of  the  judgment  of  death,  and  that  he  be  impri- 
soned for  life  in  the  Isle  of  Man.  That  he  the  said  Earl 
of  Warwick  be  delivered  to  Sir  William  le  Scroop  and 
Sir  Stephen  his  brother,  to  carry  him  safely  to  the  said 
isle,  and  guard  his  body  there,  without  letting  the  said 
Earl  of  Warwick  depart  from  the  said  isle." 

And  in  an  Issue  Roll,  a.d.  1399,  22  Rich.  II. 
issued  May  3  to  William  le  Scroope,  Treasurer  of 
England  and  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  the  sum  of 
1074/.  14«.  6d.  was  paid  him  for  his  charges  and 
expenses  for  the  safe  conduct  of  the  Earl  of  War- 
wick to  the  Isle  of  Man,  and  for  his  support 
there,  and  for  other  purposes.  At  this  time  the 
Isle  of  Man  belongea  to  Sir  William  Scroope, 
who  was  chamberlain  to  Richard  II.  It  appears 
that  his  father.  Sir  Richard  Scroope,  tooK  an 
active  part  in  the  impeachment  of  the  idleged 
traitors  in  1397,  and  this  may  account  for  the 
Isle  of  Man  being  chosen  as  the  place  of  banish- 
ment of  the  Earl  of  Warwick. 

On  the  accession  of  Henry  IV.  1399,  the  earl 
was  pardoned  ,*  his  place  of  confinement  was  in 
the  square  building  or  prison  standing  at  the 
north  side  of  Peel  Castle,  and  lying  about  midway 
between  the  two  salliports.  His  imprisonment 
could  not  have  exceeded  two  years  or  thereabouts. 
He  died  in  1401,  and  was  interred  in  St.  Mary's 
church,  Warwick,  and  on  the  monument  erected 
to  record  his  memorable  deeds  it  is  stated  *'he 
was  banished  to  the  Isle  of  Man."  The  particu- 
lars respecting  the  Earl  of  Warwick's  imprison- 
ment in  Peel  Castle  are  recorded  in  Knight's 
Pictorial  History  of  England, 

I  am  not  aware  if  this  error  of  Froissart  has 
been  noticed,  and  think  it  worthy  a  record  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  William  Harbison. 

Rock  Mount,  Isle  of  Man. 

The  Great  Clocb:  op  St.  Paul's  Cathedral. 
This  valuable  public  monitor  having  lately  made 
a  few  mistakes  in  proclaiming  the  hours,  a  para- 
graph on  the  subject  has  appeared  in  some  of  our 
papers  in  which  the  old  story  has  been  repro- 
duced, that  it  once  struck  thirteen.  Now  we 
know  that  the  popular  tradition  is,  that  a  soldier 
whilst  on  guard  at  Windsor  Castle,  during  the 
reign  of  William  III.,  solemnly  declared  that 
he  heard  the  clock  of  St.  Paul's  strike  thirteen 


214 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*'' S.  IV.  Sept.  11, 'GD. 


ixidtead  of  twelve  at  midnight,  and  thus  saved  his 
life,  when  he  was  accused  of  sleeping  upon  his  post. 
But  the  sentinel  must  have  spoken  of  the  clock 
which  struck  upon  "  Great  Tom  at  Westminster," 
for  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  had  not  then  any  public 
clock. 

The  present  clock  was  made  in  1708  by  Lang- 
ley  Bradley,  and  repaired  in  1805  by  J.  Thwaites, 
whose  successors,  Messrs.  Thwaites  and  Reed,  at 
once  rectified  the  irregularity  mentioned  in  the 
newspapers  during  last  week ;  so  that  the  hours 
are  struck  upon  the  great  bell  in  a  strictly  accu- 
rate manner  as  usual.  Thomas  Walesby. 

GoWen  Scjuare. 

Robinson  Crfsoe's  Island.  —  The  remem- 
brance every  one  has  of  the  pleasure  derived  in 
his  youth  from  the  perusal  of  Rohinsmi  Crusoe 
makes  everything  connected  with  that  hero  of 
great  public  interest ;  and  I  therefore  think  the 
lollowm^  cutting  from  the  San  Francisco  News, 
showing  the  colonisation  of  the  island  where 
Robinson  Crusoe  passed  so  long  a  time,  is  de- 
serving of  being  registered  in  the  pages  of 
«N.&Q.":— 

•*  At  a  distance  of  less  than  a  three  days'  voyage  from 
Talparaiso,  in  Chili,  and  nearly  in  the  same  latitude 
with  this  important  port  on  the  western  coast  of  South 
America,  is  the  island  of  Juan  Fernandez,  where  once 
upon  a  time  Alexander  Selkirk,  during  a  solitary  banish- 
ment of  four  years,  gathered  the  material  for  Defoe's 
Robinson  Crusoe.  This  island,  little  thought  of  by  the 
inhabitants  of  the  Chilian  coastland,  has  lately  become  of 
some  interest  by  the  faot  that  in  December,  i8H8,  it  was 
ceded  to  a  society  of  Germans,  under  the  guidance  of 
Robert  VVehrhan,  an  engineer  from  Saxony,  Germany, 
for  the  purpose  of  colonisation.  The  entrepreneur  of  this 
expedition,  Robert  VVehrhan,  left  Germany  eleven  years 
tdnce,  passed  several  years  in  England,  served  es  major 
through  the  war  of  the  republic  against  secession,  and 
was  subsequently  engaged  as  engineer  with  the  Cero- 
pasco  Rail,  in  South  America.  He  and  his  society,  about 
sixtv  or  seventy  individuals,  have  taken  possession  of 
the  island,  which  is  described  as  being  a  most  fertile  and 
lovely  spot.  They  found  there  countless  herds  of  goats, 
some  thirty  half- wild  horses,  and  sixty  donkeys,  the 
latter  animals  proving  to  be  exceedingly  shy.'  They 
brought  with  them  cows  and  other  cattle,  swine,  numerous 
fowls,  and  all  the  various  kinds  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments, with  boats  and  fishing  apparatus,  to  engage  in 
different  pursuits  and  occupations.  The  grotto,  made 
femous  as  Robinson's  abode,  situated  in  a  spacious  valley, 
covered  with  large  fields  of  wild  turnips — a  desirable 
food  for  swine — has  been  assigned  to  the  hopeful  young 
Chilian  gentleman  to  whom  the  care  of  the  porcine  part 
of  the  society's  stock  has  been  entrusted,  and  he  and  his 
proteges  are  doing  very  well  in  their  new  quarters.  Juan 
Fernandez  is  one  of  the  stations  where  whaling  vessels 
lake  in  water  and  wood."  * 

Edward  C.  Da  vies. 

Cavendish  Club. 

Prince  Joseph  Stuart.— To  the  great  majority 
of  students  in  English  history,  the  following  de- 

[•  Another  interesting  notice  of  "  Robinson  Crusoe's 
Island  "appeared  in  The  Times  of  July  11,  1859.— Eu.] 


tails  will  possess  the  merit  of  novelty.  I  translate 
them  from  the  last  edition  of  Ogi^e,  IHctionnaire 
Ilistorique  et  G4ographique  de  la  Jh'ovince  de  Bre~ 
tagne,  ii.  29  (Rennes,  1845)  :  — 

*^  The  Prince  Joseph  Stuart,  cousin-german  to  the  last 
Pretender  to  the  throne  of  England,  died  on  February  22, 
1784,  at  Rilvala,  in  the  commune  of  Merdrignac  (twelve 
leagues  to  the  south-east   of  Saint-Malo,  and   eleven 
leagues  from  Rennes),  a  property  that  then  belonged  to 
M.  Halba.    He  was  at  the  time  of  his  death  about  sixty 
years  of  age.     This  prince  had  accompanied  the  Pre- 
tender when  he  landed  in  Scotland  in  1745.    After  the 
battle  of  Culloden  he  wandered  for  a  long  time  about  the 
country,  and,  at  last,  got  to  the  French  vessel  that  re- 
ceived the  Pretender,  and  by  means  of  which  he  reached 
Morlaix.     The  Prince  Joseph  Stuart,  accompanied  by 
Lord  Saint- Pillt  who  remained  faithful  to  him  (accom' 
pagne  de  Lord  Saint-Pill,  qui  lui  etait  reste  fidelt),  lived 
unknown  for  five-and-forty  years  in  the  modest  countir 
place  in  which  he  died.  'Lord  Saint-Pill  had  placed  his 
entire  fortune,  which  was  considerable,  at  the  prince's 
disposal;  but  the  prince  was  content  with  that  which 
was  his  sole  property — a  pension  of  1500  francs,  given  to 
him  by  the  French  government  as  a  *  Chevalier  de  Saint- 
Louis.*    His  knowledge  was  extensive,  and  his  gentle- 
ness and  affability  were  equal  to  his  courage ;  but  he  had 
a  most  profound  hatred  for  the  English  {ilhaissait  pro- 
fondement  les  Anglais) ;    and  sometimes  said  he  would 
wish  to  be  for  them   *  a  Hannibal  I '     We  have  these 
details  from  M.  Bagot  du  Pare,  his  god-son,  to  whom  he 
had  desired  to  give  *  Hannibal '  as  a  third  name  in  bap- 
tism.   This  episode,  in  connection  with  the  fatal  enter- 
prise of  the  Pretender,  is  certainly  very  little  known" 
(c^est  certes  peu  connu),  " 

I  am  not  aware  of  any  book  or  pamphlet  in 
which  allusion  is  made  to  this  scion  of  the  house 
of  Stuart.  I  believe  he  belongs  to  the  same  class 
as  the  late  soi-disant  "  Duke  of  Normandy,"  and 
that  renowned  "  Princess  of  Cumberland"  whose 
claim  to  a  connection  with  the  royal  family  of 
England  was  buried  beneath  a  notelet  by  our 
<?ood  friend  W.  J.  Thoms.  With  this  remark 
I  commend  the  Prince  Joseph  Stuart  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  readers  of  ^'  N.  h  Q." 

Wm.  B.  Mac  Case. 

Place  St.-Sauveur,  Din  an,  France. 

The  La.st  of  the  Noxjurors.  —  In  this  town, 
on  June  10  in  the  present  year,  died  the  doyen  of 
the  clergy  of  the  Scottish  Episcopal  Church,  the 
Rev.  Patrick  Cushnie,  M.A.,  my  predecessor  In 
the  incumbency  of  St.  Mary*s  Church,  Montrose. 
He  was  in  the  ninetieth  year  of  his  life,  and  the 
sixty-niuth  of  his  ministry,  having  been  orddned 
and  appointed  to  the  above-named  charge  in  1800. 
He  resigned  it  in  1845. 

A  correspondent  of  The  Guardian  newspaper 
noted  that  at  his  decease  there  passed  away  from 
us  the  last  of  the  nonjurors,  the  clergy  of  the 
Scottish  Episcopal  Church  having  refused  to  pray 
for  the  king  by  name  up  to  the  time  of  the  death 
of  Henry,  Cardinal  Duke  of  York,  in  1807. 

John  Woodward. 

St.  Mar}'*s  Parsonage,  Tilontrose. 


i.<^  S.  IV.  I 


,11,  ■69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


EnttCETTE,  ~  It  is  curious  to  notice  in  the 
usage  of  words  how  for  some  seem  to  have 
diverRed  from  tleir  originul  moaning.  The  radical 
sigiiiGcadon  of  itiqaette  is  a.  ticiet.  But  as  sn 
Bilopted  English  word  it  means,  I  suppose,  the 
code  or  rule  of  good  manners.  The  explanation 
of  this  is,  that  Turmerly,  on  cards  of  invitation, 
rules  or  instructions  were  given  as  to  how  the 
persons  invited  were  eipeoted  to  behave ;  or,  in 
utber  words,  they  were  furnished  with  a  pro- 
gramme of  the  proceedings.  From  this  custom 
it  is  said  that  the  word  has  come  to  bear  iu  pre- 
sent acceptatioD. 

Old  Beyer's  rendering  is  "  a  ticket  or  note  upon 
a  ba?,"  and  he  gives  under  it  the  proverb, "  Juger 
BUT  I'L'tiquette  du  sac  "—to  judge  slightly,  or 
without  perfect  knowledge  ;  i.  e.  to  judge  of  the 
contents  of  the  bug  alone  by  the  description  given 
on  the  ticket.  Edmcsd  Tew,  BI.A. 

Patching  Kectoiy. 


is,  "  London ;  printed  for  J.  Wren  and  W.  Hodge% 
1786."    And  the  Address  to  the  Reader  st^eiL 

diat  — 


"  The  propiieton  or  this  edition  ....  hsr«  taken  tba 
liberty  of  omitting  Che  psrsllel  which  haa  been  cstried  on 
in  the  former  editions  of  thin  work,  between  Mr.  drew 
and  Tom  Jonei,  with  the  criliciam  and  redectiona  oi 
performance;  m  they  were  of  opinion 
be  more  abanrd  than  *  eompanson  b 
fictitious  character." 

Forhapa  the  Editor,  or  some  of  the  coTTespcs- 
denta  of  "N.  &  Q.,"  could  inform  me  who  the 
writer  of  this  acconnt  of  "Mr.  Bamfy Ida- Moor* 
Carew"  was,  and  how  far  the  nairative  may  bt 


considered  reliahle. 
Day  Fa  milt. 


W.A. 


Bicycle. — According  to  The  Alhenaum  (Au- 
gust 14,  1800),  in  the  stsined  glass  at  Stoke 
Pogis,  Devon,  mav  he  seen  the  representation  of 
a  young  man  on  a  bicycle,  or  something  vsry  like 
one.  What  is  the  dnte  of  the  glass,  and  baa  it 
ever  been  engraved."  The  young  man  works  the 
machine  with  the  air  of  a  man  who  has  intro- 
duced a  novelty,  Bnd  is  being  looked  at  by  ad- 
miring spectators.  JonK  PiaooT,  jw. 
Chap-book  Literatuee. — In  a  recent  sketch 
of  the  Scottish  chronicler  and  Latin  poet,  George 
Buchanan,  which  appeared  in  a  popular  periodical, 
the  writer,  Mr.  Ivingsley,  maae  reference  to  a 
brochure  of  this  stamp  titled  The  H'iWy  and  En- 
lertainmg  RcplaiU  of  George  Huchanan,  commonly 
railed  the  King'i  Fool,  of  which  he  had  failed  to 
procure  a  copy  "  for  love  or  money."  A  small 
collection  of  chap-books,  printed  at  Glasgow  "for 
the  booksellers,  now  before  me,  contains  the 
"Eiploils  of  George  Buchanan,"  with  a  rough 
cut  of  the  head  and  shoulders  of  a  grinning  imbe- 
cile by  way  of  frontispiece.  The  author  is  said 
to  have  been  a  certain  "  bellman  of  Glasgow," 
and  the  book  is  one  of  a  series  printed  at  Glasgow, 


and  which  'n 


;nded  all  over  Scotland  a 


!r  of  a  century  ago  by  pedlars,  or  "  chapr 
as  they  were  sometimes  termed,  "tlyin^  sta- 
tioners." Another  of  the  scries  whs  The  Life  and 
Adoenture)  of  Mr.  Bamfijldc-Moore  Carew,  com- 
inonly  ealled  the  King  of  the  Beggars.  This,  like 
others  of  the  chap-book?,  was  a  rough  and  severely 
condensed  outline  of  a  larger  book.  There  is  now 
beside  me  a  copy  of  The  Life  anil  Adventyrei  of 
Bamfylde-Moore  Careiv,  extending  to  187  pages; 
to  which  is  added,  "  A.  Dictionary  of  the  Cant 
Langu.ige  used  by  the  Mendicants. '^   The  imprint 


uy  of  TOUT  readers  ^ve 

any  information  regarding  the  family  hiatory 
01  two  brothers,  John  and  George  D«y,  who 
flourished  in  India  in  the  time  of  Warren  Haat- 
ings  ?  The  former  was  a  barrister,  was  appointed 
Advocate -General  of  Bengal,  and  was  hmghtad. 
The  latter  was  phyMcian  to  the  Nabob  of  Arcot 
They  were,  X  believe,  the  sons  of  a  Limerick 
country  gentleman,  and  were  connected  with  the 
well-known  Mr.  Justice  Day  and  the  late  Sir  E. 
Denny.    Address  the  reply  to  F.  R.  3. 

Foraewell  Houm,  Torquay. 

DsTTiEir  Relic. — What  is  known  of  this  reli^ 
thus  noticed  in  the  Ilbtitrated  Sporting  and  Thea- 
Irical  New*  of  Jan.  B,  1869  P  — 

"A  Grbat  CcRioaiTT. — For  sale,  a  prinling.machiiWi 
by  Dryden.  Is  it  known  to  his  biographers  that  tha 
great  poet  wu  of  a  mechanical  tarn?  The  South  Sen- 
aington  MuHum  ahould  secure  at  any  price  this  mwt 
inlereetinir  relic  of'Glarioaa  John.'" 

J.  w. 

[In  apita  of  Sbakspeare,  after  all  there  it  somethinK  la 
a  name;  although  no  one  e:ipected  to  find  "Gloriow 
John  "  of  Will's  Coffee- house  confonnded  with  that  clevar 
and  iugenions  engineer.  Mr.  Dryden.  Four  of  Dryden's 
cylindrical  machines  may  now  be  seen  in  full  operation  it 
the  printers  of  "  N.  &  Q."— Ed.] 

EniorsiOS.  — I  wish  to  invit«  the  attention  of 
scholars,  and  especially  biblical  critics,  to  thia 
dif&cult  and  much- controverted  word.  It  occurs 
only  in  the  Gospels,  and  in  them  but  twice; 
Matt.  vi.  11,  Lnke  xi.  3.  Origen  says  of  it,  De 
Oral.  16:— wpSrw  BJ  nSr'  !,rrior  Bri  4  A^.t  4 
irioiiriot  rap'  aiitrl  rir  'EAA^nw  oUri  Tur  aa^ir 
vv6ttatmu,  afrf  ir  Ty  rwv  ISuarwr  crur)]0»ff  rirpirTai, 
iJi.\'  loMt  trwXiaSiu  bii  rir  tiarrtAurruv.  In  iti 
comiection  with  Sproi  it  is  interpreted  by  Chry- 
SOstom,  Tir  wpit  TJif  i<!rli/tipor  fw^r  Tji  iiMif  ti/iSw 
Xptimt^'Oarra,  "that  which  is  convenient  to  our 
mbttanee  for  the  daily  support  of  life."  By 
Theophylact,  M  rp  aiaiif  koI  aitoTiaii  1\iiay  mirifmiif 
su&cieat  for  our  lubdancennd  tubtiilence."  Suidaa 
gives  a  very  similar  meaning.  So  also  Joseph 
Mede,  in  his  sermon  on  Amur's  prayer,  ProT,  zxx. 
8,  9,  where  he  contrasts  it  with  npiofomi.     3m 


[•  Vide  ••  S.  i  Q.,"  2-"  S.  ii 


1.330,401,622.] 


216 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


[4«*  S.  IV.  Skpt.  11,  •69. 


b.  I.  124,  ed.  1672.  But  in  the  Vulgate  it  is 
rendered  by  supersubstantiaUs,  as  if  it  were  to  be 
understood  of  spiritual  bread — the  "bread  of  life," 
or  as  some  even  think  of  the  Eucharistic  elements. 
It  must  be  confessed  that  there  is  nothing  in  the 
etymology  of  the  word  to  support  the  rendering 
of  the  Authorised  Version. 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A, 

Patching  Rectory. 

P.S.  I  incline  to  Whitby's  opinion,  that  we 
ought  not  to  take  the  word  as  reierring  to  sacra-' 
mental  bread,  because  "  this  sacrament  was  not 
then  instituted,  nor  did  the  apostles,  for  whom 
this  prayer  was  made,  know  anything  of  it." 

Femaxb  Sovereigns  among  the  Goths. — ^Did 
the  Gothic  nations,  which  possessed  themselves  of 
G^ermany  during  the  fourtn,  fifth,  and  sixth  cen- 
turies, permit  female  sovereigns  to  reign  over  their 
respective  tribes  ?  N.  K. 

Fbanxing  Newspapers. — I  take  the  following 
paragraph  from  that  excellent  periodical  the 
jNewspaper  Press,  Can  any  of  your  readers  throw 
a  light  upon  the  practice  to  which  it  alludes  ?  — 

"  The  following  curious  announcement  occurs  in  BeWs 
Weekly  Messenger  of  May  16th,  1813.  It  refers  to  a 
Monday  edition  of  the  paper,  *  which  may  then  be  had 
and  sent  free  of  postage  to  any  person  in  the  country,  by 
directing  it  to  Lord  Onslow,  at  the  person*s  residence  for 
whom  it  is  intended^  in  the  usual  manner  of  franked 
newspapers.' " 

R.  M.  B. 
Kensington. 

Gleaning. — In  this  and  several  neighbouring 
villages  it  was  the  custom  to  ring  a  church  beU 
at  8  A.M.  to  give  notice  to  gleaners  that  they  might 
begin  operations,  and  another  at  6  p.m.  to  warn 
them  to  give  over.  Any  poor  inhabitant  of  the 
parish  was  then  at  liberty  to  enter  into  the  fields 
which  had  been  cleared.  Within  the  last  three 
or  four  years,  however,  many  of  the  farmers  Cmy 
tenants  are  not  of  the  number)  refuse  to  allow 
any  person  to  glean  except  the  wives  and  children 
of  their  own  labourers. 

I  wish  to  know  whether  this  immemorial  cus- 
tom of  gleaning  has  been  thus  restricted  in  any 
other  parts  of  the  country.        A  Notts  Parson. 

Margaret  Martin,  n4e  Arcedekne,  who  died 
April  4,  1433,  lies  under  a  brass  in  Exeter  Cathe- 
dral.    Of  what  family  was  her  husband  ? 

Hermentrude. 

Arms  op  Archbishop  Parker. — I  have  seen 
in  Ulster's  OiRce  a  funeral  certificate  with  the 
arms  of  Boyle  impaling  Parker — viz.  Argent,  a 
lion  passant  gules,  between  two  bars  sable,  each 
charged  with  three  bezants.  I  think  Michael 
Boyle,  Archbishop  of  Armagh,  married  a  daugh- 
ter of  Archbishop  Parker.  She  died  Oct.  13,  and 
was  buried  on  the  15th,  1G60,  in  St.  Patrick's 
Cathedral.  Edmttnd  M.  Boyle. 

Cavendish  House,  Buxton. 


Political  Squib. — Can  any  one  give  me  in- 
formation respecting  a  broadside  I  have,  entitled 
"  QuaUfication  Oaths  of  Ide  Voters,"  viz.,  ^'  The 
Plumper's  Attestation,"  "  So  help  you  Madge  " ; 
"  Attestation  of  a  Split  Vote " ;  "  So  help  you 
Roger ; "  "  God  save  the  Queen"  ? 

H.  B.  Fobbest. 

Manchester. 

RiPON  Spurs. — Ripou  was  in  former  days  a 

great  place  for  the  spur  trade : — 

"  Why  there's  an  angel  if  my  spnrs 
Be  not  right  Ripen." — Sttqjle  of  News,  L  3. 

**Whip  me  with  wire,  headed  with  rowels  of  sharp 
Ripon  spurs." — Davenant,  The  Wits, 

I  shall  be  much  obliged  to  any  one  who  can 
furnish  further  allusions  to  Ripon  spurs  from  the 
literature  of  the  seventeenth  or  earlier  centuries. 

A.  O.  V.  P. 

Fatality  op  Sheep  on  Holy  Island. — On  a 
recent  visit  to  the  only  farmer  on  Holy  Island, 
which  lies  at  the  entrance  of  Lamlash  Bay,  Arran, 
N.B.,  I  was  much  struck  by  his  informing  me 
that  he  can  only  keep  sheep  on  the  island  for  one 
year.  It  appears  they  thrive  very  well  during 
the  first  year,  in  fact  so  well  that  he  obtains  more 
than  the  average  price  for  them  when  sold,  but  if 
he  attempts  to  keep  them  beyond  the  first  year 
they  pine  and  die.  He  attributes  this  to  some 
peculiar  herb  which  grows  on  the  island.  Can 
you  or  any  of  your  botanical  readers  inform  me 
what  herb  this  is  ?  Stott. 

Col.  Valentine  Walton.  —  Col.  Valentine 
Walton,  one  of  Kin^  Chuiloa  I.'s  judges,  is  said  to 
have  left  behind  him  a  "  History  of  the  CivU 
Wars."  (Heame's  Diary,  2nd  edit.  iii.  108.)  Is 
anything  known  of  this  manuscript  P      Cornub. 

Stone  in  Wensley  Church. — In  the  vestry 
of  Wensley  church,  in  tiie  North  Riding  of  York- 
shire, is  an  ancient  Saxon  stone  marked  with  a 
cross  and  four  animals,  which  has  been  frequently 
engraved.  It  bears  as  an  inscription  the  word 
"Donfrid."  Can  any  correspondent  suggest  the 
meaning  of  the  word  ?  by  so  doing  he  would  con- 
fer a  favour  on  Oxoniensis. 

Bolton  Percy,  near  Tadcaster. 

Wraxall.  —  Can  any  one  tell  me  where  I  can 
find  a  pedigree  of  Wraxall,  teinp.  Elizabeth  or 
James  I.  ?  G.  W.  M. 

Yorkshire  Custom. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  me  the  origin  of  a  singular  custom  prevailing 
amongst  the  boys  in  Yorkshire  thirty  or  forty 
years  ago,  and  perhaps  even  to  the  present  day. 
viz.,  that  of  making  a  cross  upon  the  ground  and 
spitting  on  each  of  its  four  corners  on  the  appear- 
ance of  a  rainbow  ?  M,  A.  Paull. 

Plymouth. 


ii'  S.  IT,  Sbpt.  11,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


OuETtrd  Enftf)  ^nStatri, 

Lavisia  Fenton,  Dttchesb  op  Boltom. — At 
Clippie  Bank,  in  Wensleydale,  is  ft  Bummer-hoiiae 
ttid  to  have  been  built  by  tlie  Bute  of  Bolton  for 
his  celebrated  Duehesa  Jjivinift  Fenton,  the  ori- 
ginnl  Polly  of  Gfty'a  Beggars  Opera.  It  eom- 
mwida  one  of  the  moat  beautiful  prospects  in  the 
dale,  rich  aa  it  is  in  varied  scenery.  Until  re- 
cently, I  was  under  the  improsaion  that  she  waa 
buried  in  the  yault  of  the  Powletts  in  Basing 
church,  in  Hampshire;  where  stood  their  old 
residence,  so  chivalrously  defended  by  the  Mar- 

Juis  of  Winchester,  the  great  loyalist,  in  the 
ftjs  of  Charlea  I.  However,  in  Lewis's  Topo- 
graplucal  Dictionary  of  EngUmd  (ii.  261),  id  the 
account  of  Greenwicb,  it  is  stated  that  she  was 
buried  in  1760  in  the  old  church  of  St.  Alphege 
in  that  place :  and  that,  in  the  preceding  year, 
General  Wolfe  was  also  inferred  in  the  same 
church.  There  is  a  monuraent  to  the  memory  of 
the  latter  in  the  church  at  Westerham,  in  Kent, 
of  which  parish  he  was  a  native.  Is  the  state- 
ment concerning  the  place  of  sepulture  of  these 
two  celebrities  correct?  The  church  I  imapne 
to  hare  been  pulled  down. 

John  Pickford,  M.A. 

Bollon  Pprcj",  near  Tadcaster, 

[The  remiiiits  uf  General  Jamea  Wolfe  were  interred  in 
the  old  church  of  St.  Atph^e,  Greenwich.  A  monument 
was  erected  in  1760by  llie  gentlemen  of  his  native  parish, 
at  Westerham ;  a  public  monument  in  Westminster  Abbey 

to  the  public  ui  1773;  a  marble  statne  was  voted  by  the 
Auemblj  of  Massachusetts. 

Lavinia  Fenton,  Dnchess  of  Bolton,  was  also  buried  in 
the  same  chnreh  with  .ill  appropriate  honours.     She  wag 
the  first  of  a  «erica  of  English  actresses  who  have  been 
nosed  to  ■  connection  with  the  peerage.   There  is  a  large 
print  by  Hogarth,  representing  the  perfermanoe  of  that 
seene  in  Sewgate,  towardj  the  end  of  the  second  act  of 
the  Btggar't  Opera,  where  Polly  kneels  to  Peaohura  to 
intercede  for  her  husband.     There  we  see  two  groups  of 
foshionible  figures  in  boxes  rai^^ed  at  the  ^dea  of  the 
stage;  the  Duke  of  Holloa  is  tlie  nearest  on  the  right- 
hand  ^de,  drefi^ed  in  wig,  ribnnd,  nnd  star,  and  with  his 
eves  fiaed  on  the  kneeling  Polly.    He  was  captivated  by 
the  plaintive  and  bewitching  manner  In  which  Polly 
auDg  the  foltoiving  addreaa  to  her  father  :  — 
"  Oh,  ponder  well,  ba  not  severe  ; 
So  save  a  wretched  wife  ! 
For  on  the  rope  that  hangs  my  dear. 
Depends  poor  Polly's  life."] 
Sib  Hugh  Calvelev. — In  the  chancel  of  Bun- 
buty  cburcb,  in  the   county  of  Chester,  is  a  fine 
altar-tomb,  upon  which  is  the  fiffure  of  a  knight 
in  complete  armour.    Thia  is  the  effigy  of  the 
famous  Cheshire  hero  Sir  Hugh  Oalvelej,  who 
fought  bravely  at  the  battles  of  Crecy  and  Poi- 


parish  of  Bunbury ;  and  founded,  about  1386,  a 
college  in  the  church  for  a  master  and  six  seculai 
chaplains.  The  atory  aUo  goes  in  those  regions, 
that  the  gallant  Sir  Hugh  married  a  Spanish 
princess,  who  was  enamoured  of  his  handaome 
person  and  deeds  of  arms. 

The  other  day,  however,  on  elancing  over  a 
volume  entitled  i<«&  JFortte*,  published  in  1886, 
I  found  a  memoir  of  Sir  Hugh  Calvetley  (pp.  65 
to  09),  in  which  it  waa  atated  that  he  was  a 
younger  son  of  the  house  of  Calverley  of  Scott, 
lords  of  the  manor  of  Calverley  near  Leeds,  evi- 
dently implying  that  place  to  have  had  the  honour 
of  his  birtn.  Nothing,  too,  is  said  concerning  Ua 
burial-place,  nor  of  the  fine  monument  at  Bun- 
bury;  but  1394  is  assigned  as  the  date  of  his 
death.  Surely  Cheshire  vrill  not  willingly  mve 
up  the  honour  of  having  been  his  tiat(3e  solum, 
and,  no  doubt,  either  the  Editor  of  "N.  &  Q."  or 
some  correspondent  will  be  able  to  prove  thia 
point  most  satisfactorily.  In  Lysons'  Mofftta 
Britannia  is  a  well-eiecuted  engraving  of  the 
tomb  in  Bunbury  church.  There  is  no  doubt  aa 
to  the  identity.  The  name  is  spelt  indifferently 
Calveley  or  Calverley,  In  Jobnea'  translation  of 
Froissert  the  latter  form  is  used. 

John  Piospobd,  3IA, 

Ballon  Pen^,  near  Tadcaster. 

[Aecording  to  John  Bnrke'g  Patrieian  (iv,  1>,  the 
fkmily  tinm  which  this  renowned  warrior  sprang  was  a 
branch  of  the  andent  bonse  of  Calvelegh  of  Calvekgh, 
in  the  hundred  of  Edisbniy,  which  is  traced  to  Hugh  da 
Calvel^h,  who  became  Lord  of  Calvelegh  in  the  reign  of 
KiUR  John  by  grant  frouT  Richard  de  Vernon.  The  first 
Calvelcy  of  Lea  was  David  de  Calvelegh,  the  father  of 
Hugh,  the  celebrated  soldier.  It  ia  also  stated  by  the 
same  authority,  that  "  tradition  assigned  to  the  gallant 
Sir  Hugh  for  a  bride  no  less  a  personage  than  the  Queen 
of  Arragon ;  bat  recent  tesearohes  have  altogether  re- 
futed this  popular  error.  In  all  probability  he  never 
married,  and  to  a  certainty  he  left  no  tesne."] 

Haoleioh  Castle.  —  Can  vou  inform  me  to 
whom  Iladleigh  Castle  (which  is  now  in  ruins) 
formerly  belonged  P  It  ia  situate  about  six  miles 
from  Rochfora,  in  Essex,  between  Leigh  and 
Southend.  By  whom  was  it  built?  And  is  any 
national  history  attached  to  it?  Anv  information 
relative  to  it  will  oblige  Wh.  Hadlet. 

[Hadleigh  Caatle  waa  built  by  Hubert  de  Burgh,  Earl 
of  Kent,  during  the  reign  of  Henry  HI.,  who  elevated 
him  to  the  office  of  Justice  of  England.  On  (he  disgraca 
of  Hubert  the  caatle  reverted  to  the  king,  who,  in  136S, 
committed  the  custody  of  it  to  Kichard  de  Thany.  From 
thia  period  the  estate  was  beld  of  the  crown  by  divera 
families,  till  it  was  Onally  granted  by  Edward  TL  to 
Richard  Lord  Bicb,  ftom  whom  it  passed  to  the  Barnard 


218 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[1»S.IV.Smt.H,'«S. 


tunttj.  HadlaghCutleiaiiilDBtedDDUiebrDworastflcp 
hill,  comiDBiiding  s  fine  proipect  aver  the  ettuaiy  ot  the 
Thamea  into  Kent.  Its  Temiins  conaiat  nhiefly  of  two 
dUtpidat«d  circular  towers,  which  eihibit  strong  trace* 
of  andent  grandeur.] 

Lindsay  of  Pitscottib's  "Hisioetop  Scot- 
LiKB."— In  p.  323  of  the  edit  of  1778  occurs  the 
following:—"  Shortly  thereafter  (i.  e.  Sept  1602) 
the  queen  sent  five  hundred  light-hoisemeu  to 
France,  in  support  of  the  proteatonts  there."  Is 
not  Eliiabeth  of  England  "  the  queen"  here  re- 
ferred to  P  Mary  of  Scotland  cannot  surely  be 
meant,  although  a  few  lines  preceding  this,  in  the 
Bame  paragrapli,  she  is  spoken  of  as  "  the  queen." 
My  copy  of  the  History  is  without  a  title-page, 
and  although  apparently  otherwise  perfect,  does 
not  contain,  or  appear  to  have  ever  contained,  the 
Dedication  given  in  the  editions  of  1728  and  1778. 
The  above  extract  is  on  p.  391.  Can  any  one  in- 
form  me  to  what  edition  it  belongs  ?  I  fancy  it  is 
of  amore  recent  edition  than  1728,  if  not  of  1778. 
A.  M.  S. 

[In  the  edition  of  Lindsay's  Cnmicki  of  Scotland 
(Edinb.  2  vols.  8vo,  1814),  colUted  with  tevenl  old 
maouicript*  by  Jobu  Graham  Dalyell,  the  passage  quoted 
by  our  corrvapoDilent  has  a  diflereut  reading:  "About 
this  tyme  [S^t.  20, 1562]  the  earle  of  Huntlie  raised  ane 
■nnie  of  bis  fiiendis,  to  the  number  of  ane  thonund  men, 
and  lord  Robert,  the  queine's  brother,  was  send  to 
Dundee  and  Edinburgh  :  and  not  long  efter  the  qnelne 
sent  fyve  bundrelh  horsmen  to  France  for  support  of  the 
eoxgrtpaliotai  Ihair."  The  imperfect  copy  of  The  C™m'- 
c/«  possessed  by  A.  H.  3.  is  do  doubt  the  Glasgow  edi- 
tloo  of  1749.] 

Qdotatiorb  :  — 


rlmgin 


(,  IioUls  E 


Important  in  the  plan  i 

This  scale  of  being);  hoMs  a  rank,  which  lost, 

Would  break  the  chain,  and  leave  liehind  o  gap 

Which  Notuto's  self  would  rue." 
An  inquiry  waa  made  (3''  S.  i,  110)  respectinf; 
the  author  of  these  lines,  but  it  has  remained 
unanswered.  In  Chambers's  Ediiibvrjih  Journal, 
October  0, 1832,  vol.  i.  p.  282,  a  quotation  is  given 
from  them  with  Stillingfleet  appended  as  the 
author.  Can  you  supply  any  furtier  information 
on  the  subject  P  Bexteb. 

[Tbeselines  are  by  Benjamin  Stillingfleet,  gi 


L  ingenii 


liscellan 


of  the  profesfors  of  Gresham  College. 

The  passngc  will  be  found  in 

Tract)  relating  to  A'ataml  IliitBTg,  ^c. 


died  on 
Mitctlli. 

Whence  comes  the  following  P- 
"  Our  nets  onr  angels  are,  or  pood 
Our  fatal  shadows  that  wnlk  by 


as  to  the  ori^n  of  the  name  St.  Elmo  P  I  believe 
there  is  a  fortress  of  that  name  in  France  in  the 
Pyrenees;  but  I  wbh  to  know  whether  there 
actually  was  a  saint  of  that  name.  L.  B,  J. 

[St.  Elmo  (for  Ermo)  is  the  abbreviatiOQ  for  St.  Ei«»- 
mns,  who  suffered  a  crnel  death  In  the  Diocletian  perae- 
catiun  at  Fonnis?,  in  the  year  303.  and  was  DSuallT  In- 
Tocated  by  sailors  in  the  Meditenancan.  Id  L'Art  de 
Verifier  lei  Daitt  this  bishop  and  martyr  is  said,  on  the 
■nthorily  of  some  ancient  charters,  to  be  commsmoiated 
on  the  lAinf  of  June ;  but  Alban  Sutler  (Lim  of  tlie 
Sainti)  BITS  his  feast  was  on  the  second  of  that  month.] 

Thomas  Oabcoiqnb.  —  Does  any  other  manu- 
script of  Qascoigne's  Didionarium  Theolofftctim 
exist  besides  the  one  in  the  library  of  Lincoln 
College,  Oxford  P  Is  there  any  hope  that  this  in- 
teresting compilation  will  be  printed  P  The  his- 
torical portions  of  the  book  are  so  curious  that  it 
might  well  form  one  of  the  series  of  chronidee 
and  memorials  issuing  under  the  authority  of  Qi» 
Master  of  the  Itolls.  Cobhub. 

[There  are  "  Excerpla  ex  Dictionario  Thoologico 
ThomiB  Gascoigne,"  in  the  Cotton.  MS.  ViUllins,  V.  ii. 
aDdintheUarl.  MS.IiD49.J 


[By  John  Flrti 


r,  Hone- 


Scplictf. 

THE  STATOE  OF  NIOBE, 

(4*  S.  iv.  170.) 

to  W.  W.  W.'s  article  on  tlie 
statue  of  Niobe  permit  me  to  offer  a  reply  to  some 
of  bis  inquiries. 

Great  obscurity  has  rested  on  this  monmoea^ 
as  well  as  on  the  pseudo-Sesostris,  because  tmtu 
lately  it  was  not  readily  accessible,  nor  can  it  now 
be  conveniently  seen  imless  by  a  traveller  spend- 
ing a  little  time  in  the  country,  or  a  readent 
having  more  leisure  than  usually  befalls  men  of 
bufiinssa.  In  olden  times  the  plague  shut  up 
people  in  Smyrna,  or  oonagned  them  to  the 
place  of  their  viUeggiatura  during  much  of  tlie 
year.  The  autumn  is  the  season  of  shipment ; 
goods  come  down  and  go  up  during  the  spring. 
Then  there  were  reports  of  brigands  out,  or  the 
arrival  of  a  foreign  man-of-war  in  the  bay,  and 

I  many  in terrutjt ions  interfering  with  those  wishing 
to  travel.  Tne  Kiobe  is  also  out  of  an  ordinary 
European  route  of  travel,  and  the  traveller  may 
pass  close  to  it  on  the  high  road,  as  has  been  done 
even  lately  by  distinguished  men,  without  seeing 
anythingof  it,  though  he  asks  for  it.  The  guide  isa 

I  Smyrna  man,  knowing  asmuch  about  this  antiquity 

I  as  any  other,  it  may  be  not  even  a  Greek  but  an 
Armenian  or  a  Jew,  caring  nothing  about  reputed 

I  Greek  antiquities;  and  a  local  horseman,  Turk 
It  Greek,  would  know  nothio^  about  this  "  carved 
* —  I'  —- ._  !(■  1 cognised  It  as  sncb.    In  caaee 


■  stone  "  even  if  be  rt 


4M»S.1V.  S«PT.11,'69.3 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


219 


where  the  traveller  has  set  out  on  a  journey 
intending  to  see  the  pseudo-Sesostris  or  Niobe  in 
his  way,  the  guides  have  such  terror  of  the  shep- 
herds in  the  hills,  whom  they  consider  as  homd 
brigands,  that  they  escape  the  adventure  if  they 
can.  It  is  hardly  to  be  conceived  how  many  have 
been  balked  in  seeing  monuments  so  near  Smyrna. 
For  that  matter,  I  was  three  or  four  years  before 
I  could  get  any  one  to  show  me  the  way  to  the 
tomb  of  Tantalus  on  the  other  side  of  the  bay 
and  within  sight  of  Smyrna,  and  I  made  one  or 
two  fruitless  journeys. 

I  saw  the  Niobe  about  the  year  1863  in  a  re- 
turn journey  down  the  valley  of  the  Hermus,  and 
in  which  1  was  accompanied  by  the  members  of 
the  Prussian  expedition  to  Athens,  Professor 
Strack,  Professor  Visclicr,  &c. 

Pausanias  is  so  far  right  that  even  on  the  road 
few  may  pass  without  recognising  the  Niobe,  and 
yet  it  is  close  to  a  well-known  halt  and  watering- 
place,  about  two  miles  from  the  city  of  Manisa, 
on  the  high  road  to  Durgudlu-Cassaba.  On 
clambering  up  by  the  path  there  is  the  Niobe 
sure  enough. 

I  was  80  much  interested  in  this  monument  as 
well  as  in  the  pseudo-Sesostris  that  1  was  most 
desirous  to  obtain  photographs,  for  all  the  draw- 
ings by  the  best  men  are  misrepresentations  of 
one  kind  or  another,  including  those  referred  to 
by  W.  W.  W.,  The  Ancient  Monuments  of  Lydia 
and  Phrygitty  by  Mr.  J.  R.  Steuart,  and  which  it 
was  no  ill-fortune  for  Dr.  W.  Smith  that  he  did 
not  see.  At  length  I  succeeded  in  getting  the 
photographs  taken  by  Mr.  Alexander  Svoboda,  a 
painter  of  merit  then  residing  in  Smyrna,  and 
who  had  already  photographed  the  rockcut  caves 
of  Elephanta  in  India  and  many  monuments  of 
Mesopotamia.  The  photographs  in  question  and 
many  others  are  accessible,  for  Mr.  Svoboda  is 
now  in  London  at  52,  Welbeck  Street,  and  he  has 
a  large  collection  of  oil-paintings  and  photographs 
of  the  Seven  Churches  of  Asia  and  other  scenes 
at  the  German  Gallery  in  Bond  Street. 

Being  supplied  with  the  photographs  I  was  able 
to  support  my  own  views  of  the  class  to  which 
the  rockcut  monuments  of  Western  Asia  Minor 
belong,  and,  while  confirmino:  the  view  suggested 
by  Kiepert  that  the  so-called  Sesostris  is  not 
Eg}'ptian  as  stated  by  Herodotus,  I  connected 
these  monuments  with  those  of  the  centre  of  Asia 
Minor  depicted  by  the  French  government  expe- 
dition under  M.  Georges  Perrotand  M.  Guillaume. 
My  French  friends  prefer  the  term  Lydo-Phry- 
gian,  but  I  propose  that  of  Lvdo- Assyrian ;  so 
that,  while  recognising  the  locality  in  which 
found,  there  is  also  a  preservation  of  that  feature 
which  allies  them  to  the  Assyrian  class.  It  is  not 
that  we  considered  them  as  true  Assyrian,  but 
as  forming  a  group  related  to  Assyrian. 

The  pseudo-Sesostris  seen  under  its  true  light 


of  Svoboda's  photograph  manifests  these  afiinities, 
and  an  undoubted  connection  with  the  monu- 
ments delineated  by  Perrot;  but  I  must  own  that  I 
do  not  feel  assured  of  the  true  place  of  the  Niobe. 
It  is  not  so  late  in  character  as  the  pseudo- 
Sesostris  ;  it  is  not  so  decided,  but  there  is  never- 
theless a  general  treatment  which  connects  it  with 
the  pseudo-Sesostris,  even  as  to  the  niche.  There 
are  some  that  assign  a  very  late  date  to  the  cen- 
tral rockcut  monuments ;  but  with  regard  to  the 
Niobe  and  Sesostris  we  must  assign  a  high  anti- 
quity, and  particularly  to  the  former,  which  is 
mentioned  by  Homer,  as  the  latter  is  by  Hero- 
dotus. 

I  am  not  without  expectation  that  it  will  be 
ultimately  assignable  to  a  class  which,  repre- 
sented by  the  Amazon  kingdoms  in  the  west, 
was  in  the  east  represented  by  the  Akkad  rulers 
of  Mesopotamia,  and  belonging  to  the  Tibeto- 
Caucasian  group.  The  word  Niobe  is  neither 
Iberian  nor  Hellenic  in  form,  and  with  our  little 
knowledge  of  the  Amazon  forms,  we  cannot  yet 
attribute  it  to  the  latter,  but  it  must  have  been 
an  archaic  word  in  the  days  of  Homer. 

Various  communications  and  reports  of  mine  aa 
to  these  monuments,  of  which  I  sent  photograj^hs 
to  various  academies  in  the  world  (and  of  which 
W.  W.  W.  will  find  copies  in  the  British  Museum 
and  elsewhere  in  London),  will  be  found  noticed 
in  the  JRevue  Archidogiaue,  The  Athe9ueum,  in 
the  proceedings  of  the  Ben^l  Asiatic  Society, 
American  Oriental  Society,  Berlin  Academy  of 
Sciences,  &c. 

•  It  is  desirable  to  refer  to  these  noints,  because 
with  all  the  publicity  given  to  the  matter,  and 
with  the  trouble  and  expense  incurred,  the  state 
of  the  case  is  only  known  to  a  small  number  of 
the  learned  world,  and  has  not  reached  the  gene- 
ral body  of  the  public. 

With  the  photograph  before  him,  W.  W.  W. 
will  be  able  to  judge  as  to  the  nature  of  the 
monument,  and  will  see  why  it  is  in  dispute.  It 
is  doubted  whether  it  is  a  natural  effect  of  the  rock, 
whether  a  naturtd  appearance  touched,  or  if  it  is 
altogether  artificial.  He  vnll  also  to  some  extent 
be  able  to  criticise  those  who  have  seen  such 
remarkable  details  as  he  refers  to. 

The  natural  appearance  of  these  rocks  in  many 
places  produces  the  appearance  of  coloured  pic- 
tures, but  the  Niobe  has  been  certainly  touched, 
for  it  is  within  an  inner  and  an  outer  niche,  and 
the  contrast  between  the  niche  and  the  head  and 
shoulders  of  the  figure  is  so  strong  that  I  believe 
all  that  part  is  artificial.  As  to  the  lower  part, 
it  is  not  easy  to  answer  for  reasons  to  be  ex- 
plained. The  statue  does  weep,  as  Homer  and  so 
many  others  have  affirmed,  for  there  is  a  drip  of 
water.  Now  this  varies  in  quantity  at  times,  and 
further  it  produces  a  crop  of  vegetation,  materially 
altering    the   casual   appearance  of  the  statue. 


220 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[4«»5.IV.  Sbpt..11,'69. 


At  the  time  I  saw  it,  it  was  Yery  different  from 
Svoboda's  photograph  of  1866,  for  he  took  the 
trouble  of  clearing  awaj  much  of  the  vegetation, 
so  that  the  monument  is  seen  much  clearer  than 
under  most  circumstances.  In  the  course  of  so 
manj  ages  the  monument  ha^  been  affected  by 
weather,  by  vegetation,  and  very  likely  by  injury 
from  Christians  and  Mussulmans.  It  may  nave 
looked  very  differently  in  the  time  of  Homer  to 
what  it  does  now,  and  so  would  likewise  the  pseudo- 
Sesostris. 

As  to  its  being  an  effect  of  light  and  shade  on  a 
part  of  Sipylus,  perceivable  at  a  particular  point  of 
view,  the  photograph  disposes  of  that.  As  to  the 
winds  raging  with  great  violence,  as  stated  by 
Mr.  Steuart,  I  am  not  aware  of  any  peculiar 
winds  at  Manisa.  There  is  only  the  embat  or 
land-wind  of  the  country.  It  is  not  easy  to  de- 
tect any  of  the  artistic  details  described  by  Mr. 
Steuart. 

The  height  of  the  statue  is  about  twenty-one 
feet,  as  asked  by  W.  W.  W.,  and  the  height  to  the 
top  of  the  niche  twenty-four,  but  there  are  debris 
at  the  bottom  which  have  never  been  cleared 
away. 

The  way  to  get  to  the  Niobe  is  to  go  by  morn- 
ing train  to  Manisa  on  the  Smyrna  and  Cassaba 
Railway,  and  there  take  a  horse  and  guide,  having 
the  precaution  to  learn  from  the  station-master 
that  the  guide  really  knows  where  the  Niobe  is, 
or  he  may  take  the  visitor  to  some  cave  of  no  real 
interest,  but  supposed  to  be  the  tomb  of  a  saint. 

Hyde  Clarke. 

32,  St  George's  Square,  S.W. 


The  passage  referred  to  in  Chandler's  Travels  in 
Asia  Minor,  1775,  is  as  follows :  — 

"  The  famous  story  of  the  transformation  of  Xiobe,  the 
daughter  of  Tantalus,  had  for  its  foundation  a  phseno- 
menon  extant  in  mount  Sipylus.  I  shall  give  an  account 
of  this  extraordinary  curiosity  elsewhere.  The  phantom 
may  be  defined,  *  an  effect  of  a  certain  portion  of  light  and 
shade  on  a  part  of  Sipylus,  perceivable  at  a  particular  point 
of  view.'  The  traveller  who  shall  visit  Magnesia  after 
this  information,  is  requested  to  observe  carefully  a  steep 
and  remarkable  cliff"  about  a  mile  from  the  town ;  varying 
his  distance,  while  the  sun  and  shade,  which  come  gra- 
dually on,  pass  over  it,  I  have  reason  to  believe  he  will 
see  liiobe." 

Crux  (2). 

THE  LADIES  OF  LLANGOLLEN. 

(4tb'S.  iv.  12.) 

I  hope  the  Editor  will  obligingly  find  space  for 
the  following  lively  and  interesting  remembrances 
of  these  two  famed  friends.  The  extract,  a 
translation  of  which  is  to  follow,  is  taken  from 
Prince  Piicklor-Muskau's  most  celebrated  *'  Let- 
ters of  a  Defunct "  (Brief e  eines  Verstorhcncn),  a 
work  which  at  its  first  appearance  (1830)  created 


the  greatest  sensation  in  the  high  and  the  literary 
circles  of  Europe,  and  which  is  still  read  and 
re-read  with  unabated  interest.  The  "  curious 
reader  "  wiU  find  a  capital  review  of  Prince  Piick- 
ler's  literary  labours  and  social  influence  in  a 
critique  of  Professor  Blackie*s,  published  in  the 
Foreign  Quarterly  some  thirty  years  ago.  As 
regards  these  "  Letters  "  (which,  of  course,  were 
published  anonymously  during  the  prince's  life- 
time), doubtlessly  unique  in  their  kind,  although 
imitated  and  plagiarised  ever  since,  it  must  be 
confessed  that  their  wit  —  sometimes  reminding 
one  of  the  clever  sayings  of  Irish  people — know- 
ledge of  the  world,  geniality,  freshness,  total  ab- 
sence of  that  whining,  larmoyant  style  of  writing 
which  was  formerly  the  fashion  of  wreign  Sterne- 
imitating  travellers,  and  their  novelty  of  diction 
and  conception,  make  them  a  source  of  most  de- 
lightful reading.  It  is  to  be  regretted,  however, 
that  Prince  Puckler  (b.  1785,  d.  18—)  did  not 
keep  within  the  bounds  of  sarcasm  alone,  but  even 
abused  those  who  had  shown  him  the  greatest 
kindness  and  the  most  genial  hospitality.  His 
treatment  of  Lady  Morgan,  for  instance,  is  mean 
and  most  ungentlemanly,  and  reminds  one  of  the 
way  in  which  Mr.  N.  P.  Willis  spoke  and  wrote 
of  William  and  Mary  Ilowitt,  who  had  ishowii 
him  not  merely  civility  and  attention,  but  hearty 
hospitality  under  their  roof  and  in  England. 
Foreigners  ought  never  to  forget  how  and  in  what 
noble  manner  hospitality  is  exercised  in  England ; 
and  it  would  be  far  better  not  to  lay  bare  all  the 
shortcomings  and  foibles  of  great  or  clever  people 
who  receive  the  traveller  from  other  lands  with 
the  noble  Salve !  of  good  old  England,  with  the 
true  welcome ! 

Prince  Puckler  visited  England,  Wales,  and 
Ireland  in  1828 ;  in  July  of  the  same  year  he 
paid  a  visit  to  Lady  Eleanor  Butler  and  Miss 
Ponsonby  at  the  world-famed  Plasnewydd  Cot- 
tage, and  of  it  he  writes  to  his  friend"  Julia  as 
follows : — 

"  I  have  to  tell  you  many  thinc:^,  and  to  describe  an 
interesting  day.  VVell  then,  at  the  right  moment,  before 
leaving  Llangollen,  I  remembered  the  two  celebrated 
virgins  (certainly  the  most  celebrated  in  Europe)  who 
now  for  more  than  half-a-century  are  at  home  among 
these  mountains,  of  whom  1  heard  speak  when  a  chil£ 
and  again  much  when  I  was  in  London.  You,  too,  will 
have  heard  your  Papa  tell  of  and  about  them.  Some 
iifty-six  years  ago  two  noble,  handsome,  and  fashionable 
young  London  ladies,  Lady  Eleanor  Butler  and  Miss 
Ponsonby,  the  daughter  of 'the  then  recently  dead  Lord 
Ponsonby,  took  it  into  their  little  heads  to  hate  the  male 
sex,  onh'  to  love  ami  to  live  for  each  other,  and  to  dwell 
from  that  hour  as  twin-hermit''  (ZwetsiedJer)  in  a  kind 
of  hermitage.  This  resolution  was  immediately  put  into 
execution,  and  from  that  time  hence  these  two  ladies 
have  never  for  one  single  night  slept  outside  the  walls  of 
their  cottage.  On  the  other  hand,  however,  nobody  ^who 
is  presentable,  of  course)  travels  in  Wales  without  asKing 
for  a  letter  or  for  an  introduction ;  and  it  is  asserted  that 
"scandal"  has  just  as  much  interest  for  them  as  for- 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"thfl  world,"  ami 


meily  when  Ihey  were  sliU  living 

that  their  cnriostt]'  to  bear  of  all  Caai  la  going  on  in  it 
is  said  to  be  juat  as  fresli  too.  I  bad,  it  ia  true,  kind  re- 
membrances for  tbem  from  several  Udiea,  bat  no  letter, 
for  which  I  had  rorf^otten  to  aak,  and  on  that  aceotint 
only  sent  in  mj-  card,  resolved,  in  caso  ther  ahonld  rofusE: 
my  call,  to  take  the  cottage  by  storm,  aa  I  ivaa  made  to 
DDdernnnd  it  might  be  reftiseti.  Rank,  however,  1 
open«d  easily  the  door,  and  I  received  immediatclj 
KTaeeftal  Invitation  for  luncheon.  In  a  quarter  of  an  f 
I  ■rrive<l  amidst  the  moat  charminj;  neighbourhood, 
driving  through  a  ver;-  nice  pleasure-ground,  at  a  small, 
tasteful  Gothic  housed  just  opposite  Castle  Dinaa  Bran 
[the  Crow-alone?],  to  view  which  apertures  had  been 
cut  through  the  foliage  of  loftv  trees.  I  got  ont  of  the 
carriage  and  was  received  by  the  two  ladiea  at  the  foot 
of  the  stairs.  Fortanately  I  was  quite  prepared  as  re- 
cud)  their  singularities,  otherwise  1  might  scarcely  have 
Sept  countenance.  Imagine,  then,  two  ladies,  of  whom 
the  elder.  Lady  Eleanor,  a  small  brisk  girl,  now  some- 
what begins  to  feel  her  age,  having  just  entered  upon 
her  «ighlT-thlrd  ;-ear;  the  other,  a  tall  and  impo<miK 
figme,  thinks  herself  qaite  youthful  yet,  as  the  dear  child 
is  only  scvenlv-four.  Both  wore  the  hair,  which  is  quite 
full  yet,  combed  down  slraigbt  and  powdered,  a  gentle- 
nian'i  round  hot,  a  gentleman's  cravat  and  waistcoat, 
in»t«d  of  the  "inexpressibles,"  *  however,  a  abort  jupon, 
and  gentleman's  boots-  The  whole  was  covered  by  an 
ovEnbeaa  of  blue  cloth  of  a  quite  peculiar  cut.  beeping 
the  middle  between  a  gentleman's  overcoat  and  a  lady's 
tiding  habit."  [1  cannot  help  thinking  here  of  Mr. 
EiD{^ake'a  lively  description  of  the  dress  of  his  friend 
John  Keats,  whom  the  Cairo  magician  was  going  to  let 
appui  before  the  genial  author  of  Eolhen: — "He  wore  a 
Cinev  dress,  partly  resembling  the  costume  of  Napoleon. 
irtly  that  ofa  widow-woman." — Eolhen,  chap,  x' 


•eS.] 


Its  of  the  Bonrbi 
It  ridlci 


s  she  told  me.  pre- 


of  the  most /i/a 

■nv  affectation,  speaking  French  at  least  as  well  as  any 
iMible  Englishman  of  my  acquaintance,  and  at  the  same 
time  of  those  essentially  polite  loni  giit,  and  I  might  say 
naSf  and  cheerful  manners  of  the  good  society  of  that 
time,  which  it  will  almost  appear  have  been  carried  to 
the  gravB  in  our  earnest  and  industrial  ccntnry  of  busi- 
neu-llft^  and  which  really  touched  me  in  these  good- 


Noc  only  the  venerable  spinsters,  bat  their  cottage 
full  of  intfliest ;  nay,  the  latter  often  contains  real  t 
Burea.  Scarcely  any  remarkable  person  of  I' 
eentniy  who  has  not  sent  them  a  portrait,  soi 
or  antiquity,   as   a  souvenir.      This  coUecti 


charming  neighbourhood,  an  even- 


DBtnnd  old  ladies 
"ne,  thei 


ally 

ould  not  help  hi 

lerrupted  and  neverthelf 


■king  at 

"lire 


rently  so  natural   __ 

the  younger  of  the  two  was  treating  her  somewhat  infirm 
elder  friend,  and  how  she  anticipated  every  one  of  bet 
little  wants.  Such  things  reveal  themselves  more  in  the 
way  they  are  <ione,  in  little  insignificant  traits,  perhaps, 
but  do  not  escape  the  aymp.ilhetic  mind. 

made  my  Aibat  by  saying  that  I  felt  happy  to  be 


the  bear. 
bad  fa 


■  of  d 


ged  me  with  for  the  fair  reclusi 


andfati 


■  "  This  piece  ofdresa  is  cnlled  'the  inexpressibles'  i 
EngUnd,  where  a  lady  of  good  .society  will,  it  ia  trui 
Aequentlv  leave  husband  and  children  in  order  to  lu 
away  with  her  lover,  but  nevirtlieless  ia  loo  '  decent '  t 
hear  the  word  'trousers'  pronounced  in  pnblic." — Solec 
the  Authnr. 


■iul  c 

iendship  and  community  amongst  themselves  —  these 
re  their  treasures  ;  but,  to  conclude  bv  their  vigorous 
^B  and  their  cheerful  mind,  they  muatlinve  chosen  not 
uila  badly."  (Vide  Briife  rine.  Vertlorbnm.  Ei» 
•agmentariichei  Tagtimch  am  JEnoiand,  Wakt,  Irhjid, 
irf  Franirdch,  I83e-182S,  2nd  ed.  Stuttgart,  IBSl, 
ol.  L  pp.  18-22.)) 

HEKHAirn  KiKDT, 
Germany. 


MISS  BENGER:  "THE  PERCY  ANECDOTES." 
(4''  S.  iv.  113,) 
The  preramed  connection  of  Miaa  Bea^r  with 
the  authorship  of  the  Percy  Anecdotet  (latetj  dis- 
cussed in  your  cotumns)  has  its  foundation  in  the 
"  Mont  Bender"  of  the  title-page  of  that  populat 
collection.  Until  I  risad  tlie  quotitiou  from  the 
John  Bull,  I  had  not  heard  of  the  nsBociation, 
which  I  believe  to  be  no  moie  like  truth  than  the 
"  BeDedictine  MooBfterj,"  Miss  Benger  was  "  a 
woman  of  higher  t*lents  "  than  likely  to  be  em- 
ployed iif  the  compilation  of  the  AnecdoUi,  as  her 
aleganlly- written  Memoirs  utteet;  and  the  refer- 
to  "Miss  Benger'a  books"  is  too  loosely 
I  to  be  tiiken  oo  tniat.  Had  she  been  so  em- 
ployed, it  surely  would  have  been  made  known 
aX  tiie  time,  as  advantageous  to  the  success  of  the 
work.  The  statement  which  I  have  given  of  the 
authorship,  I  heard  more  than  once  from  8ii 
Flichard  Phillips,  who  was  jealous  of  his  idea 
being  overheard  and  appropriated.  "The  Bene- 
dictine Monastery  of  Mont  Benger"  I  believe  to 
be  altogether  a  myth  belonging  to  a  class  of 
)j:ues3es  which  may  afibrd  pabulum  for  futm'e 
Notes  and  Queries.  I  remained  silent  upon 
"  Benger  "  for  the  knife-grinder's  reason:  "Story, 
Qod  bless  you,  I  have  none  to  tell,  sir." 

JOHH  TlMBB. 

Elizabeth  Benger  was  the  daughter  of  a  very 
worthy  man — a  purser  on  board  a  man-of-war. 
;5he  received  her  education  in  a  hoys'  school  from 
choice,  and  was  an  accomplished  Irfitin  and  Greek 
''cholnr.  She  was  described  to  me,  by  one  who 
Iinew  her  well,  as  a  wonder,  but  very  singular  in 
manners,  and  so  careless  of  appearances  that  once, 
in  an  evening  parly  in  London,  an  eyerwitnesa 
informed  me  that  she  saw  her  catch  a  flea  on  her 
nrm,  walk  across  the  room,  and  put  it  in  the  slop- 
basin  !  On  another  occasion  she  was  at  the  same 
house  in  town,  and  wished  my  informant  (then 


222 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*fc  S.  IV.  Sbpt.  11,  '69. 


Tery  young)  to  walk  with  her  to  a  certain  grave. 
This  was  agreed  to  on  condition  that  Miss  Benger 
would  submit  to  be  dressed  decently  for  the  walk. 
She  was  accordingly  undressed  and  dressed,  and 
no  one  can  believe  what  a  different  person  she 
looked  after  this  process. 

She  took  her  young  companion  miles  till  they 
came  to  a  certain  churchyard,  where  she  threw 
herself  on  a  tomb  and  poured  forth  a  rapturous 
eulogy  on  the  de(>arted.  Her  companion  was  so 
affrighted  that  she  would  have  fled  home  had  she 
known  the  way.  The  grave  was  that  of  the  well- 
known  Mary  Wolstonecroft  Godwin.* 

Miss  Benger  was  the  authoress  of  Affinppina, 
and  the  friend  of  Miss  Hamilton,  who  wrote  the 
Cottagers  of  Glenbumie,  M.  C.  Lt. 


PUNISHMENT  BY  DROWNING. 
(4'»»  S.  iv.  160.) 

Punishment  by  drowning  has  never  been  au- 
thorised by  statute  in  England.  Mr.  Akerman's 
admirable  paper  in  the  Archceologiay^  entitled 
"Furca  et  Fossa,"  contains  a  mine  of  curious  in- 
formation on  this  subject.  Before  the  days  of 
acts  of  Parliament  it  was  undoubtedly  the  law  in 
this  country  to  drown  women  who  had  been 
proved  guilty  of  theft :  "  Si  libera  mulier  sit,  pre- 
cipitetur  de  clivo,  vel  submergatur."  J 

Spelman  {sub  "  Furca  et  Fossa  ")  tells  of  a  woman 
who  was  drowned  in  the  vear  1200  for  bavins: 
stolen  some  clothes  at  Croydon.  In  the  reign  of 
Edward  I.,  Ralph  de  Blamofre,  Lord  of  the  Isles 
of  Scilly,  claimed  to  hold  all  pleas  of  the  crown 
by  his  bailiffs,  and  to  execute  judgment  on  felons. 
When  any  one  was  convicted  of  felony,  he  was 
to  be  taken  to  a  certain  rock  in  the  sea,  with  two 
barley  loaves  and  one  pitcher  full  of 'water,  and 
to  be  left  on  the  rock  imtil  the  tide  drowned 
him.§ 

In  Scotland  drowning  was,  it  seems,  a  common 
mode  of  punishment  from  the  days  of  Malcomail 
Canmore  to  those  of  James  I.  At  a  court  of  the 
Sheriff  of  Orkney,  held  at  the  Castle  of  Skalloway, 
August  21,  1612,  it  appeared  that  certain  "  Egip- 
tianis "  had  committed  slaughter  among  them- 
selves, and  one  Katherine  Faw  was  convicted 
thereof,  whereupon  the  judge  decreed  ''the  said 
Katherine  to  be  tane  to  the  Bulwark  and  cassen 
over  the  same  in  the  sey  to  be  drownit  to  the 
death,  and  dome  given  thairupone."ir 

Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 


s 


In  the  churchyard  of  St.  Pancras,  Middlesex.] 
Vol.  xxxviii.  pp.  64-65. 
I  Leg.  JEthelhert,  as  quoted  above. 
§  Horwood,  Fear-Books  of  Edw.  L  Ann.  30  and  81, 
p.  xxxvii. 

^  Acts  and  Statutes  of  the  Lawting  Sheriff  and  Justice 
Courts  within  Orkney  and  Zetland^  mdcii.-mdcxliv. 


The  first  two  articles  of  the  royal  ordinances 
for  the  government  of  the  army  of  the  Crusaders 
on  their  journey  to  the  Holy  Land,  promulgated  at 
the  Parliament  held  by  Philip  Augustus  at  Paris 
in  March  1108,  were  as  foUows :  — 

"  1.  Qui  hominem  in  navi  interfecerit,  cum  mortuo  lipa^ 
tus  projiciatwr  in  mare. 

"  2.  Si  in  terr&  quemquem  interfecerit,  cum  mortuo  in 
terram  ligatus  confodiatur." — Fawn,  Le  The&trt  dTHtm' 
neur  et  de  Chevalerie,  ii.  1544,  15461    Paris,  1620. 

J.  WoODWABBb 

Montrose. 


Surely  it  is  an  error  to  say  that  drowning  was 
never  a  punishment  in  England.  At  any  rate  it 
existed  in  the  Cinque  Ports  before  the  grant  by 
Edward  lY.  of  the  right  to  use  the  gallows.  In 
the  Hastings  custumal  (9),  on  the  execution  of 
felons,  it  is  provided  that  all  who  are  condemned 
to  death  ''ought  to  be  cast  beyond  a  certain 
water-course,  called  *  Stordisdale/  on  the  western 
part  of  the  town  towards  *  Bolewartreth.' "  So 
at  Dover  they  were  cast  into  the  sea.  Again,  in 
Pevensey :  ^'  and  if  he  who  is  condemned  to  death. 
shall  be  of  the  franchise  he  shall  be  led  '  au  poont 
de  la  ville  a  la  pleigne  meer,  et  outre  le  pount 
botu  en  le  havere.' "  The  "  wise  men "  of  Qoi- 
tham  (7th  tale)  had  no  doubt  heard  of  this  punish- 
ment when  they  took  the  eel  and  threw  it  into 
the  water  to  drown  it,  exclaiming  ''  Lie  there  and 
shift  for  thyself,  since  you  can  expect  no  help 
from  us.  So  they  left  the  eel  to  be  drowned." 
See  also  notices  of  this  punishment  in  Mr.  John 
Yonge  Akerman's  article  on  "  Furca  et  Fossa," 
Archceoloffia,  xxxviii.  64. 

W.  DUBRANT  COOPEB. 


SIR  WILLIAM  ROGER,  KNIGHT. 
(4»'»  S.  i.  468 ;  iv.  167.) 

Anglo-Scotus  thinks  that  the  elder  "knighf 
is  probably  identical  with  the  "  Rogers  "  hanged 
at  Lauder  Bridge.  The  name  of  the  '*  eminent 
foreijrner,"  as  Pinkerton  calls  him,  who  was 
lynched  by  the  nobles  of  James  III.  appears,  how- 
ever, to  have  been  Roger,  not  Rogers,  brummond 
of  Ilawthornden,  in  his  History  of  Scotland, 
printed  in  1720,  speaking  of  this  transaction,  and 
in  allusion  to  the  chiefs  of  the  confederacy,  says 
that  they  took  from  the  "  King's  Pavillion    — 

"  Sir  William  Roger,  a  man  from  a  musitian  promoted 
to  be  a  knight,  James  Homill,  Robert  Cochran,  who 
from  a  surveyor  of  works  was  made  Earl  of  Mar,  or,  is 
some  mitigate  that  title.  Intromittor  and  taker  up  of  the 
Rents  of  that  Earldom,"  ..."  all  these  being  convicted 
by  the  clamours  of  the  army,  were  immediately  hanged 
upon  the  Lidder." 

Pinkerton  mentions  him  only  once  as  "  Rogers," 
and  this  appears  to  be  a  misprint,  inasmuch  as 
that,  in  three  separate  passages,  he  is  cilled 
"  Roger."    First,  he  says :  — 


4«>  S.  IV.  Sept.  11,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


223 


"The  patronage  of  Louis  to  an  ingenious  foreigner, 
Galeotus  Martius,  is  ri\alled  by  that  of  James  to  another, 
William  Roger,  the  English  compo!<er  of  music." 

Again,  "  Sir  William  Ropier,  the  English  musician, 
Preston,  a  gentleman,"  &c.  In  another  place  he 
says:  — 

**  William  Roger,  an  excellent  Engli.sh  mu.sician, 
having  attended  the  ambassadors  of  Edward  IV.  into 
Scotland  in  1474,  James  was  delighted  with  his  perform- 
ances; and  persuading  him  to  remain  at  his  court,  raised 
him  to  knighthood.  ^  Under  the  instruction  of  this  man, 
the  most  celebrated  of  his  profession,'  citing  from  another 
author,  Pinkerton  continues,  *  numerous  eminent  mu- 
sicians arose  in  the  Court  of  Scotland ;  and  even  so  late 
as  1629,  many  great  musicians  boasted  that  they  were  of 
his  school.* " 

This  unhappy  favourite  is  chronicled  by  Holin- 

•hed  under  tne  name  of  Iloger.     I  do  not  in  the 

least  know   anything  of  the   deeds  or  the  seals 

about  which  Ajcglo-Scotus  inquires,  unless  what 

aptpeais  in  the  pages  of  Mr.  H.  Laing.     It  is, 

however,  worthy  of  note  that  the  instrument  to 

which  one  of  the  seals  appears  to  have  been  at- 

tacbed  conveyed  a  *'  piece  of  ground  within  the 

pariah  of  Galstoun,"   and   that  the  surname   of 

Koger,  at  a  later  period,  does  elsewhere  occur  in 

documents  relating  to  land  situated  in  that  parish. 

In  the  abbreviation  of  Scotch  Rotours,  Ayr  (148), 

April  27,  1016,  occurs  the  following  entry : — 

•*  Wilhelmus  Roger  in  Mauchlein,  haeres  Georgii  Roger 
in  Cesnock,  avi  —  in  6  solidatis  et  8  dennriatis  terrarum, 
de  4  mercatis  terrarum  dc  Eschzard  antiqui  exteiitus,  in 
dominio  et  parochia  de  Gnlstoun  et  balliA  de  Kylestewart,'* 
&c 

Nisbet,  too,  in  his  Si/stcm  of  Heraldry,  speaking 
of  the  arms  of  the  siriiame  of  Roger,  says  that 
Pont,  in  his  Book  of  Blazons^  gives  to  "  another 
iamily  of  that  name,  Sable,  a  stag's  head  erased 
argent,  holding  in  its  mouth  a  mullet  or,"  which, 
though  without  crest  or  supporters,  agrees  essen- 
tially with  the  arms  contamed  on  the  seals  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Laing,  differing  only  in  that  this 
gentleman  says  *'  a  mullet  in  front  of  its  7)widh." 
Finkerton,  it  is  true,  in  allusion  to  the  figure  of 
an  ecclesiastic  painted  on  an  altarpiece,  unable  to 
trace  his  heraldry  of  three  buckles  and  a  chevron, 
except  to  the  **  obscure  family  "  of  Bonkil  in  the 
Merse,  adds  in  a  foot-note,  *'  It  may  be  Sir  Wil- 
liam Roger  or   some  other  eminent  foreigner." 
This  however,  being  merely  conjecture,  is  of  little 
value  in  determining  the  point.    In  an  old  heraldic 
MS.  without  date  or  authorship,  which  was  placed 
in  my  hands  many  years  ago,  was  a  notice  re- 
lating to — 

**  Ane  familie  oflF  ye  sirname  of  Roger,  in  Parochin,  off 
Bendothy  in  Strathe  mor,  qh»  carrit,  sable,  ane  stag's 
head  erassit  attired  orr,  holding  in  ye  mouth  ane  mollette 
of  ye  samen.    For  y«  crest,  ane  stag  fleeand  pearced  w* 


ane  arrowe. 


The  circumstance  of  the  supporters  of  Sir  W. 
Iloger  8  coat,  pointed  out  by  Anglo-Scotus  as 


those  of  the  earldom  of  March,  belonging  to  the 
king's  brother,  the  expatriated  Duke  of  Albany 
is  remarkable.  Isis. 

Regent's  Park. 

ENNUI. 


(4»'»  S.  iv.  172.) 

Of  course  this  is  from  the  Norman-French 
annoyer,  and  the  root  is  the  Latin  word  nocere. 
But  I  cannot  allow  that  English  is  imequal  to 
translate  the  word.  Our  language,  which  pos- 
sesses the  fulness  of  several  languages  rolled  mto 
one,  is  equal  to  every  emergency ;  and  the  more 
so,  if  we  are  allowed  to  fall  back  upon  words  that 
are  obsolescent  or  provincial.  It  is  from  the  dul- 
ness  of  translators  that  the  frequent  miserable 
wailing  over  the  inadec^uacy  of  English  arises. 
Ennui  is  not  so  expressive  as  dumps.  It  means^ 
I  suppose,  to  quote  Roget's  Themurusy  ''melan- 
choliness,  the  dismals,  mumps,  dumps,  blue  devils, 
vapours,  megrims,  spleen "  j  also  weariness,  te- 
dium, lassitude,  and,  in  fact,  boredom. 

Mr.  Besant,  in  his  pleasant  and  scholarly  book 
on  Early  French  Poetry^  in  speaking  of  the  Eng- 
lish poems  of  Charles  of  Orleans,  says :  — 

**  What  is  newoua  thought  ?  The  French  explains  it : 
it  is  pensee  ennuyeuse.  I  believe  this  is  the  onlv  attempt 
to  adopt  this  word  in  English,  though  we  want  it  badly." 

I  am  certainly  a  little  surprised  at  this  remark, 
for  we  actually  possess  the  word  annoyance  from 
the  same  root ;  and,  so  far  from  neioous  or  noyous 
being  an  uncommon  word,  and  only  used  by 
Charles,  it  is  a  word  that  is  sufficiently  familiar 
to  readers  of  our  older  literature.  Chaucer  has 
anoyful,  disagreeable;  anoyous^  with  the  same 
meaning ;  noysaunce,  grievance  ;  noyouse^  trouble- 
some; whilst  Langland  not  only  uses  the  verb 
noyen,  to  plague,  but  actually  has  the  very  word 
atioy  or  noy^  used  as  a  substantive,  which  is 
exactly  equivalent  to  ennui  in  form,  and  very 
nearly  so  in  meaning.  Even  Spenser  has  the  word, 
and  uses  it  so  as  to  oring  out  with  much  clearness 
the  meaning  which  we  now  attach  to  it  {F,  Q. 
i.  6.  17)  :— 

"  For  griefe  whereof  the  lad  n'  ould  after  joy, 
Bat  pynd  away  in  anguish  and  aeJ/ewild  annoy. ^^ 

What  better  epithet  for  it  than  self  willed  ? 
And  again,  bpenser  says  {F.  Q.  ii.  9,  35) :  — 

^'  But  other  some  could  not  abide  to  toy. 
All  pleasaunce  was  to  them  griefe  and  annoy." 

This  is  just  what  happens  to  those  who  suffer 
from  ennui;  they  cannot  "abide  to  toy."  If, 
then,  neither  mumps,  nor  dumps j  nor  boredom  be 
considered  sufficiently  near  to  ennui  to  represent 
the  true  force  of  it,  there  can  be  no  objection  to 
reviving  the  English  form  of  the  word,  viz. 
annoy. 


224 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[i'kS.ir.  Sett.  1 


As  for  the  amazing  number  of  English  words 
which  caa  bo  iieod  lo  translate  a.  Mogle  French 
one,  is  there  not  CotgraTe's  Dictiunaryf 

■Walter  W.  SKBii. 

1,  Cintia  Terrace,  C»inbridge. 


"CoTiKT  Circular"  f4*  S.  iii.  681.)  — Ad- 
ditional infonnation  on  thia  subject  will  doubtless 
be  acceptable  to  J.  and  also  to  the  general  reader. 

The  ■'  Court  Circular,"  i.  e.  the  record  of  the 
movements  of  the  Court  which  appears  daily  in 
the  papers,  was  instituted  in  1603.  It  was 
originated  by  King  George  III.  himself,  owing  to 
the  papers  in  that  scandal-loving  ^e  publishing 
incorrect  and  objectionable  reports  of  the  Court 
proceedings.  The  king  thought  tliat  by  employ- 
ing a  parson  especially  to  give  an  authentic  ac- 
count of  the  movements  of  royalty,  it  ■would 
counteract  the  erroneous  statements  continually 
appearing  in  the  papers.  This  information  was 
not  then  known  as  "  Court  Circular,"  but  the 
papers  gave  it  what  name  they  pleased.  The 
term  "  Court  Circular  "  was  not  applied  to  it  till 
about  the  year  1813.  The  information  supplied 
to  the  papers  is  given  on  a  common  sheet  of 
manifold  writing-paper,  and  therefore  cannot  be 
considered  a  newspaper.  The  term  "  Court  Cir- 
cular "  should  not  be  applied  to  it  at  all;  eome 
of  the  papers  correctly  state  that  the  information 
they  receive  is  "  from  the  Court  Newsman." 
The  original  Court  Newsman  was  the  late  Mr. 
Doane,  and  at  his  decease  his  son  succeeded  him 
in  the  office.  When  that  gentleman  retired  in 
1863,  the  appointment  was  conferred  upon  Mr. 
Beard,  the  present  holder  of  the  office.  Tlie 
original  Court  Newsman  was  appointed  to  supply 
the  daily  papers  with  an  official  account  of  iho 
movementa  of  royalty  only;  but  in  the  course 
of  time  the  duties  of  the  office  have  been  con- 
siderably increased.  He  has  now  to  supply  the 
papers  not  only  with  an  account  of  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  Queen,  Piince  of  Wales,  and  the 
Court  generally,  but  also  to  report  the  levees, 
drawing-rooms,  state  balls,  state  concarts,  the 
meetings  of  the  Cabinet,  deputations  to  officers  of 
state,  and  to  supply  the  papers  with  any  official 
information  the  ministry  may  wish  to  be  made 
public. 

A  great  many  persons  fall  into  the  mistake  of 
supposing  that  the  "  Court  Circular  "  and  the 
Court  Oarcttlar  newspaper  are  one  and  the  same 
thing.  The  absurdity  of  this  will  at  once  be 
seen  when  it  is  remembered  that  the  "  Court 
Circular "  has  appeared  rlaiii/  in  the  papers  for 
nearly  seventy  years,  whereas  the  CoiiH  Cirealar 
newspaper  is  a  iBrekh/  paper  started  in  1850.  On 
the  accession  of  Mr.  Bsard  to  the  office,  The  Times 
of  January  15,  1804,  contained  the  following 
pua^ph:  — 


"The  Counr  Ni^wsmas. — Many  mistakea  lisve  oc- 
cuireii  in  tUo  obsOTvalions  made  on  the  appniutment  of 
Mr.  Beard  by  h<T  Majesty  Hi  the  office  of  Court  Uevn- 
man.  Tbe  Court  Newsman's  duty  ia  to  distribute  dally 
to  the  morning;  papers  a  document  supplied  rnm  Coott, 
la  any  way  coo- 

Welliam  Raiher. 

Printer's  Qdery  (4'"  S.  iv.  84.)— I  think  Ihave 
the  book  alluded  to  by  your  correspondent.  It  ia 
entitled  ;  — 

"  rootcy  of  Nature :  comprisim'  a  Selection  of  the 
most  Sublime  and  Besutirul  Apostrophes.  Histories, 
Son(;s,  Elegies,  &C.,  from  the  Woi^ks  oC  tbe  Caledonian 

"  The  Typographical  Execution  in  a  Style  eDtiiely 
New,  and  decoraled  with  tho  Sapeili  Omaments  of  Ilia 
celebrated  Casloii.    Price  ten  shillingi  and  sixpence." 

The  "  Contents  and  Esplanatorv  Notes  "  fill 
eight  pages  of  ordinary  type,  and  taan  follow,  in 
what  a  printer  would  call  the  sortpt  "  of  tlie 
period,"  184  pp.  of  the  "  Selection,  which  is 
chiefly  from  Uatian. 

The  "  Preliminary  Address,"  which  is  in  italics, 
is  dated  "January  26,  1789,"  Jat-Cm. 

The  volume  mentioned  by  your  correspondent 
i  probably  one  of  those  printed  in  the  ty^e 


in  England.  They  were  employed  by  R.  Granjon, 
a  printer  at  Lyons  in  the  uxteenth  centuiy. 
Among  the  books  from  his  press  in  this  pecnliar 
tvpe  ia  an  edition  of  the  Ali'xaiidreia  of  PhiUf 
Giiallier,  a  I.Atin  poem  in  which  occurs  the  often- 
quoted  line  — 

"  incidis  in  Scyllain,  cupiens  vitarc  Charybdin," 
which,   sbghtly   misquoted,  wai   the   other  di^ 
classed  by  the    Saturday  Ecoiew   among  unaJ& 
liated  *iw3.  MoLiKi  &  Grkbs. 

27,  King  William  Street.  Strand. 

Thomas  Rowlamdson,  Ariisi  (4">  S.  iv.  m.)— 
In  W.  I'.'s  very  interesting  note,  after  expreaung 
surprise  that  Itowlandson  could  he  supposed  to 
hare  had  more  education  in  drawing  than  hia 
compeers.  Qrose,  Bunbury,  and  Gillray,  he  adds, 
"  it  IS  still  more  e^ttraoidinary  "  that  Rowlandaco 
is  al?o  described  as  having  been  a  student  iu  tbe 
schools  of  the  Royal  Academy.  I  believe  it  is  a 
fact  that  Kowlandeon  was  in  hia  boyhood  astudent 
at  the  Royal  Academy,  and  that  at  the  age  of 
sixteen  years  he  was  sent  to  Paris,  where  he 
studied  in  the  art  schools  during  two  years,  and 
then  resumed  his  place  in  our  Academy,  That  he 
studied  in  Paris  is  the  more  probable  as  his  aunt 
was  a  French  ludy,  and,  it  may  be  added,  on  her 
death  left  him  seven  thousand  pounds.  But  if 
these  facts  may  be  questioned,  there  can  he  up 
doubt  as  to  his  great  power  as  a  draftsman,  and 
indeed  his  great  artistic  ability.  He  exhibited  at 
the  Academy  in  1775,  before  he  was  twenty  years 


U"  S.  IV.  Sept.  1 


•CO.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


225 


of  age,  "Delilah  visits  Samson  in  Prison."  I  hava 
seen  &  portrait  by  him  of  George  III.,  which  paa- 
aessed  great  art  merit;  and  I  possess  early  dmw- 
ings  by  him,  executed  with  n  fine  quill  pen  aad 
most  tenderly  tinted,  which  ace  highly  refined  iti 
style,  excellent  in  drawing,  and  in  elegance  and 
gmce  may  be  classed  with  the  productions  ol' 
Stothaid.  Howlaudson  assuredly  possessed  greni 
ability  aa  an  artist.  lie  was  fitted  to  occupy  fi 
much  higher  place  in  the  ranks  of  art,  but  was  led 
aside  hy  hia  idle  and  dissolute  habits.  S.  11, 

Temple  Bau  (J">  S.  i.  480.)  —  Will  the  Editoi- 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  kindly  allow  me  to  state  that  mj 

?romiu;d  cheap  little  volume,  ''  Memorials  of 
'emple  Bar,  with  some  Account  of  Fleet  Street 
and  the  Parishes  of  St.  Dunstan  and  St.  Bride. 
cluefly  derived  from  Ancient  Records  and  Origioal 
Soorcea,"  will  be  published  in  October?  At  the 
same  time  may  I  he  permitted  to  thank  those 
readen  of  "N.  &  Q."  who  kindly  answered  my 
inqniiy  in  your  columns  by  spndin"  me  some  in- 
tereatiDg  and  original  matttr  for  publication  ? 

T.  C.  NOTILB. 
LeisBster  Houae,  Great  Dover  Street,  S.E. 

A  Card  Qvt.v.y:  Games  ik  WHicn  QrEBKs 
ABE  HOT  rsBD  (4"'  S.iv.  157.) — No  queen  is  to  be 
found  either  in  tho  Indian  game  or  in  the  early 
European  cards.  A  very  interesting  pack  was 
brought  under  tho  notice  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quanes,  Nov.  9,  17C;3,  by  Dr.  Stukeiey,  having 
been  taken  from  an  old  edition  of  Claudlan  printed 
before  1500,  of  which  they  formed  the  covers. 
The  entire  series  has  been  engraved  by  Siuger 
(Se*earc}ies  into  the  Hieturij  of  riai/iity  Cards. 
London,  1816j.  'J'he  suits  consisted  of  grelots  or 
hawk-belbj,  supposed  to  denote  the  nobility, 
bearte  the  clergy,  leaves  the  gentry  or  landowners, 
and  acorns  tlit  labourers.  The  court  cards  were 
a  king,  knigbt,  and  knave,  iio  gueai  or  uce.  Tho 
doctor  thou^'ht  tliat  ou  one  of  these  was  the  white 
bart  couchant  of  liiehard  II.  They  are,howeTer, 
ofGermat)  type;  and  as  they  are  made  of  paper 
tbey  could  not  be  English  cards  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  as  paper-making  was  not  then  known  in 
this  country. 

Dr.  Lister  saw  at  Paris  in  1601  a  collection  of 
pUyinf  cards  for  three  hundred  years,  the  most 
ancient  being  thrice  as  lai-ira  as  tho.^e  now  in  use, 
and  thick  and  gilded.  (IJster's  Jounie!/  to  Paris, 
4th  od.,  by  Ilenning.)    Whore  are  these  now  ? 

Chaucer  does  not  mention  cards.  Thay  were 
certMnly  in  use  hero  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI., 
for  Singer  mentions  that  in  the  Cheater  plays 
or  mysteries  (Harl.  MSS.  Brit.  .^lus.)  an  old  ale- 
wife  or  brewer  is  introduced  in  a  scene  of  hell. 
One  of  the  devils  thus  addresses  her; — 

"  Weleome,  deare  lUrlinge,  to  endless  bale,  j 

Useiug  cardfi,  dice,  and  cujipcs  'mide,  i 

With  many  fnl-e  olher,  to  sell  thy  ale. 
Son  thou  sliaUe  have  2  feaste." 


I       In  the  Parliament  rolls  of  1463,  amonff  the 
I  things  prohibited  to  be  imported,  were  "  dycea, 
tenys,  halles,  eardes  for  pteying."  In  1545  apayre 
(or  pack)  of  cards  cost  twopence. 
The  pime  of  Trappola  was  much  in  vogue  in 
I  Italy  in  the  fifteenth  centun-.     SIi-.  Taylor  [Sid. 
I  of  Playing  Cards,    Hotten,  180.5)  says,  nothing  is 
known  of  the  method  of  playing  it,  but  it  was 
the  ancient  game  of  Italy,  derived  probaUy  from 
the  Saracens,     The  marks  of  suits  in  these  cards 
I  are    spades   (swords),   co^e   (cups   or   chalices), 
I  denari  (pieces  of  money),  and   baaloni  (clubs  or 
sticks).     There  were  three  figured  cards — Re,  Ca- 
vallo,  Fante  (king,  knight,  and  valet  or  knave), 
but  no  queen.     Singer  says  the  pack  consisted,  like 
the  piquet  series,  of  thirty-six  cards. 
I       In  the  British  Museum  is  a  nearly  complete 
pack  of  cards,  which  Breitkopf  in  his  Enqidry, 
\c.,  calls  German  piquet  cards  of  the   fifteenth 
■  century  with  Trappola  characters  (i.  e.  with  the 
Southern  marks  of  suits).     There  were  fifty-two 
I  of  these,  and  they  have  been  ascribed  to  Israel 
Van  Mecken,  a  native  of  Bocholt  in  the  Nether- 
\  lands.     The  suit  of  money  is  changed  to  poms' 
1  granatea,  which  Mr.  Taylor  thinks  is   a  compli- 
I  ment  to    the  Spanish  dynasty,  which  assumed 
the    Grauada  pomegranate  as  one  of  its  badges 
on    the   conquest   of  the   kingdom   and   city   of 
I  that  name  b^  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  iu  1407.' 
Chatto,  in  his  Fact»  and  Speadalions,  Sfc,  gives 
'  good  copper-plates  of  some  of  these.     In  this 
pack  there  was  a  queen.     Mr.  Taylor  gives  an 
engraving  of  a  queen  of  hearts,  sixteenth  cen- 
tury (one  of  the  rare  early  cards  of  manufacture 
of  Le  Comu),  representing  Judith  with  a  flower 
instead  of  a  Wade  in  her  hand.    In  a  pack  of 
French  cards  of  the  time  of  Henry  IV.  (1688- 
1610)  in  the  Biblioth^que  Imp^riale,  which  bear 
the  initials  of  Vincent  Goynmd,  all  the  court 
cards   are   in  the  costume   of   the   period.     The 
queens  are  Elizabeth,  Dido,  Clotilda,  and  Penthe- 
silea.  JoHjf  PiocTot,  Jdn.,  F.S.A. 

Witling  Strbjjt  (i"  S.  iv.  168.)— Your  cor- 
Tespondont  inquires  the  derivation  of  the  name 
''  Wathng  Street,"  and  asks  whether  it  was  a 
Roman  or  a  Saxon  workP  I  have  always  heard 
and  held  that  the  name  is  derived  from  the  Welsh 
Gieaith  y  lAeng — "  work  of  the  Legion  "  {Gwat- 
ling  Street,  as,  in  some  early  works,  I  am  told  it 
is  found) ;  and  this,  of  course,  would  show  it  to 
have  been  Roman.  Just  as,  near  here,  we  hove 
l;ho  Sam  y  Lleng — "  causeway  of  the  Trillion," 
the  well-known  Enman  road  through  Wales 
(connecliiig  the  stations  of  Heriri  Mons,  Segon- 
(ium  and  Conovium) ;  which,  from  its  corruption 
into  the  present  Sam  Helen,  has  come  to  be  com- 
monly ascribed  to  the  Empress  Helena.W.  E.  F. 
AsNonKCiNG  TO  Bbbs  the  Death  of  thbib 
Master  (4"  S.  iv.  23.)— About  thirty  years  ago. 


226 


NOTES  A3fD  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Skit.  II,  "M. 


an  old  Troinikii  in  my  parish  told  my  wife  that 
her  beea  bad  died :  a  circumstance  which  she 
attributed  to  her  having  forgotten  to  tell  her  beea 
of  the  master's  death.  On  reading  the  quotation 
in  Heemasn  Kindt's  article,  1  mentioned  it  to 
my  Qurse,  and  asked  her  if  she  had  ever  heard  of 
a  similar  custom.  She  said,  "  Yes,"  and  that  she 
herself  having  lost  her  beea  on  the  death  of  her 
first  husband,  was  told  bj  her  neij^hbours  that 
thia  had  happened  bucaufie  she  had  neglected  to 
tell  the  bees  of  her  husband's  death.  tSbe  further 
said  that  in  her  village  it  is  the  custom,  on  the 
death  of  the  master  of  a  family,  not  only  to  inform 
the  bees,  but  also  to  give  them  a  piece  of  the 
funeral  cake,  together  with  beer  sweetened  with 
sugar.  A  Nona  PiESOH. 

EL1Z4BBTH  Chaucer  (4'^  S.  iv.  173.) — Your 
accomplished  lady  correspondent  can  scarcely  hare 
forgotten  that  Chaucer's  wife  was  own  sister  to 
Catherine  Swynford,  nie  Eoet,  mother  of  all  the 
Beauforts,  who  became  third  wife  to  John  of 
Gaunt.  This  circumstance  may  fully  account  for 
the  interest  thus  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Lancaster 
in  a  female  named  Elizabeth  Uhaucy,  who  was 
probably  the  poet's  granddaughter. 

It  is  quite  certain  that  Alice  Chaucer,  another 
rrand-daughter,  married  William  de  la  Pole, 
fourth  Earl  and  first  Duke  of  Suffolk,  whom 
Shakespeare  malcea  the  humiUated  victim  of  Jack 
Cade'a  rebellion  in  King  Benr;/  VI.  Part  U.  Still 
it  most  be  admitted  that  the  poet'a  family  ar- 
rangements are  not  clear ;  at  one  time  his  wife 
was  supposed  to  have  been  Philippa  Pycard, 
whom  he  married  in  1370,  when  forty-two  years 
old;  others  represent  his  wife  as  Philippa  Roet, 
whom  he  raamed  at  a  much  earlier  period. 

The  name  Chaucer  is  generally  referred  to  the 
humble  craft  of  shoemaker.  I  would  soggest,  as 
worthy  consideration,  that  it  may  be  derived  from 
the  offices  of  the  chase,  as  equivalent  to  the 
modern  names  of  Hunt  or  Hunter.  We  do  occa- 
sionally meet  with  the  patronymic  Chaee.     A.  H. 

CiUTioif  TO  Novelists  (4'"  S.  iv.  156.)— On 
referring  to  Bleak  Iloiiie,  I  do  not  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  "Packer"  is  mentioned  either  as 
a  law-writer  or  an  inhabitant  of  Cursitnr  Street. 
The  name  is  given  incidentally  in  a  matter  of 
which  law -writing  is  the  subject,  but  I  should 
infer  it  to  be  that  of  a  party  to  a  law-suit.  Those 
who  wish  to  judge  for  themselves  may  turn  to 
p.  94  of  the  original  edition  of  1853. 

But  the  note  on  which  I  am  commenting  re- 
minds me  of  a  remarkable  liberty  taken  by  another 
novelist,  .Mr.  Charles  Reade,  who  in  one  of  his 
works  haa  to  invent  signatures  to  a  round-robin, 
and  forthwith  adopta  those  of  a  squire,  farmers, 
and  labourers  resident  in  the  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood of  his  own  family.  I  have  heard  this 
spoken  of  as  going  a  little  too  far.  W.  T.  M. 


BoKDER  Ballad  Scraps  :  "  Little  Jock  Ei^ 

LioT"  (4*  S.  iv.  186.)— It  ia  stated  in  Ho«ack'a 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots  and  her  Aanieen,  p.  164,  that 
John  Elliot  of  Park,  the  supposed  hero  of  this 
ballad,  was  killed  in  single  combat  by  Bothwell, 
who  himself  was  severely  wounded.  Supposing 
this  to  be  the  case,  it  is  evident  that  if  the  Dallad 
wai  written  at  the  time  of  the  defeat  of  the 
"  queen's  lieutenant "  and  "  his  fierce  troopers,''  as 
mentioned  in  it,  it  must  refer  to  some  occanon 
previous  to  that  on  which  Bothwell  received  hi« 
wound.  A,  M.  S. 

Rbfksescb  Wanted  (4"'  S.  iv.  175,)— Your 
correspondent  will  find  Sir  M.  D.  Wyatt'a  remarka 
on  the  diminutive  effigy  of  Blanche  d'Artois  in 
his  Handbook  to  the  Medieval  Court  in  the  OrytUil 
Palace,  ed.  1854,  p.  65.  This  eIHgy  is  mentioned 
by  a  writer  in  the  Arclueologicid  Journal  (iiL234), 
in  a  paper  on  the  interesting  little  effigy  at  Hor- 
atead  Keynes,  Sussex  (2  ft.  3  in.  long).  He  a».ja 
the  little  effigy  of  Blanche  d'Artois  is  of  white 
marble  and  preserved  in  the  abbey  church  of 
St  Denis.  She wasgrand-daughterofLouis  VOL, 
and  espoused  in  1269  Henry  King  of  Navarre, 
and  after  his  death,  Edmond  Earl  of  Lancaster, 
brother  of  Edward  L  She  died  a.d.  1302,  and 
was  burisd  in  Paris,  her  heart  being  depoMted  in 
the  choir  of  the  conventual  church  of  the  Minor- 
esses  at  Nogent  I'Artault  in  Champagne,  founded 
by  her.  The  eifigj  (about  2  feet  in  length)  waa 
preserved  on  the  destruction  of  that  establish- 
ment, and  placed  among  the  tombs  at  St.  Denis. 

Early  emgies  of  diminutire  dimenaiona  remain 
also  at  Mapouder,  Dorset  (Sft.  long — Hutchins'a 
Dorset,  iii.  278)  ;  Tenbury,  Gloucestershire  (4  ft. 
long,  holding  heart);  St.  Lawrence  Ayott,  Herts 
(2  ft.  3  in.  long) ;  Bottesford,  Le'icBSterehire 
f23  in.  long — Nichols,  ii.  23) ;  Darlington,  Devon 
(an  eccledastic,  2  ft.  8  in.  long) ;  Little  Easton, 
Essex  (Gough) ;  Cobberly,  Gloucestershire  ;  An- 
Btey,Hert8;  and  Long  Wittenbam, Berks;  Abbey 
Dore,  Herefordshire  (bishop,  14J  in.  long) )  Hac- 
combe,  Devon  (civilian). 

John  Piooot,  JrrN.,  F.S.A, 

Pabliamenx:  Pbksios  (4'"  S.  iv.  117,  185, 
18C)— Not  only  in  the  Sliddle  Temple,  as  C. 
seems  to  imagine,  but  in  th^  Inner  ton,  the 
Council  (which  in  Lincoln's  Inn  retains  ila  old 
nauia)  is  styled  a  "  Parliament."  We  of  Gray'a 
Inn,  rightly  or  wrongly,  explain  the  word  by  the 
theory  that  a  "  Parliament  talk),  and  a  "  Pen- 
sion "  thinks.     The  derivation  looks  plausible. 

R.  C.  L. 

Milton's  "Paradise  Lost"  (4'"  S.  iv.  96.) — 
In  my  copy  of  the  fifth  edition,  1C91,  there  is  an 
illustration  to  Book  viii.  representing  Adam  naming 
the  beasts;  but,  as  in  Mb.  Wtlie's,  no  painter's 
or  engraver's  name.  It  also  has  "  Book  8  "  at  the 
upper  left-hand  comer.  C.  W.  BisonAU. 


4ttaiV.  Sept.  11,'69."| 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


227 


ANONYMOUS  WORKS  IN  FRENCH  LITERATURE. 

Zfts  gupercheries  litiiraires  devoUees,  par  J.  M.  Qu^rard, 
seconde  Edition,  conaide'rablement  augraentee,  public 
par  MM.  Gustave  Brunei  et  Pierre  Jannet,  suivie  l®  du 
XHctionnaire  des  ouurages  anonymes,  par  A.  A.  Barbier, 
troisi^me  e'dition,  revue  et  augmentee  par  M.  Olivier 
Barbier ;  2°  d'une  Table  gcnerale  des  noms  reel*  des  ecri- 
vains  anonymes  et  pseudonymes  cites  dans  les  deux 
ouvrages.  Tome  i.  1"  partie.  Paris,  Paul  Dafiis. 
Large  8vo,  double  columns. 

Messrs.  Gustave  Brunet  and  Pierre  Jannct  are  now 
issiUDg  a  work  which  deserves  a  short  notice  in  this 
paper,  and  which  will  prove  of  the  utmost  use  to  literary 
men.  It  is  a  bibliographical  dictionary,  including  both 
the  famous  Supercheries  litteraires  of  M.  Qudrard,  and  the 
Dictumncure  des  anonymes  et  des  pseudonymes  compiled  by 
A.  A.  Barbier. 

With  reference  to  the  former  of  these  works,  I  may 
perhaps  be  allowed  to  remind   the   reader  that  it  was 
pnblubed  for  the  first  time  between  the  years  1845  and 
1853,  and  that  it  consisted  originally  of  five  volumes. 
What  an  amount  of  sensation  it  produced  when  it  came 
out,  and  what  severe  attacks  were  directed  against  it ! 
Not  that  M.  Que'rard  ever  violated  in  the  slightest  degree 
the  rules  of  morality  or  of  propriety.    !No ;  he  committed 
the  far  greater  offence  of  denouncing  the  vanity  of  cer- 
tain authors,  of  exposing  their  plagiarisms,  and  of  show- 
ing that  Ccunt  A.  B.  or  Baron  Y.  Z.  were  really  nothing 
hat  plain  Bob   and  Dick.     Notwithstanding   the  com- 
plaints and  recriminations  of  aggrieved  scribblers,  the 
Supercheries  litteraires  met  with  the  greatest  success,  and 
M.  Qo^rard  set  about  preparing  a  new  and  revised  edi- 
tion of  his  work.     The  lirht  livraison  (A — Amateur)  had 
been  printed  in  18G4,  when  death  struck  down  the  indus- 
trious bibliographer,  and  the  volume  remained  for  some 
time  unfinished.     Fortunately  M.  Gustave  Brunet,  one 
of  the  two  editors  of  the  present  dictionary,  purchased 
the  numerous  jiapers  which  M.  Qucrard  had  left  behind 
him,  and  thus  found  himself  in  possession  of  all  the  ma- 
terials iieces>ary  to  carry  on  and  complete  the  laborious 
undertaking. 

The  literature  of  the  present  century  is  the  one  with 
which  M.  Qucrard  was  specially  acquainted :  he  had 
studied  it  thoroughly,  and  the  extraordinary  number  of 
French  workt  published  anon^'mously  or  pseudonymously 
since  1 824  made  it  difficult  for  him  to  prosecute  his  re- 
searches with  anything  like  completeness  beyond  that 
epoch.  The  circle  within  which  he  chiefly  concentrated 
his  investigations  must  seem  small,  but  it  was  quite  suffi- 
cient to  tai«k  the  energies  of  the  most  indefatigable  writer. 
How  puzzling  it  must  be  to  identify  an  author  who  some- 
times adopts  as  many  as  twelve  or  fourteen  pseudonj'- 
mouB  appellations,  and  to  point  out  the  fifty  or  sixty 
persons  concealed  under  the  letter  B,  for  instance !  M. 
Gustave  Brunet  has,  however,  compU'ted  M.  Qu^rard'a 
compilation  from  various  sources,  such  as  the  old  dic- 
tionaries of  Maccius  and  Mylius.  He  has  also  taken 
from  Barbier  all  the  articles  on  pscudonj'ms,  and  in- 
serted them  in  their  proper  place  amongst  the  Superche- 
ries litteraires. 

This  leads  me  to  sav  a  few  words  of  A.  A.  Barbier's 
Dictionnaire  dts  anonymes  et  des  pseudonymes.  At  the 
time  when  this  useful  compilation  was  first  published 
(1806-1808),  and  even  at  the  date  of  the  second 
edition  (182'2-27),  there  existed  no  special  work  of  the 
same  kind  as  the  Supercheries.  Barbier  was,  therefore, 
perfectly  justified  in  including  in  the  same  dictionary 
both  anonymous  and  pFcudonymous  productions;  the 
reason  fordoing  so  no  longer  remains, and  the  plan  which 


Messrs.  Brunet  and  Jannet  have  adopted  seems  to  me  de- 
cidedly the  best.  Barbier's  entire  work  appears,  then,  in 
the  present  compilation,  though  under  two  separate 
heads.  It  is  printed  from  the  edition  of  1822-27,  and 
contains,  besides,  a  number  of  additional  notes  which  had 
never  been  published  before. 

It  must  not  be  supposed  that  the  volume  I  am  now 
examining  is  a  mere  catalogue  of  titles.  In  many  cases 
the  indication  of  the  book  mentioned  is  followed  by  the 
most  interesting  historical  and  bibliographical  details; 
extracts  are  given,  anecdotes  quoted,  and  references  made 
to  sources  which  deserve  to  be  consulted.  Thus,  under 
the  name  of  Louis  Bonaparte,  ex-rm  de  Hollander  we  find 
that  the  Histoire  du  parlement  d*Angleterre^  published 
in  1820, 1  vol.  8vo,  as  oeing  the  work  of  the  late  King  of 
Holland,  was  really  composed  by  the  Abb^  Raynal,  and 
had  appeared  originally  in  1748, 

It  was  not  according  to  Qn^rard's  plan  to  publish 
notices  of  any  authors  except  French  ones,  lie  has^ 
nevertheless,  inserted  short  paragraphs  about  French 
translations  or  imitations  of  foreign  works. 

A.  D.  L.  C.  (Armand  Boisbeleau  de  la  Chapelle)  is 
mentioned  as  a  translator  of  77^  Tatler,  and  a  note  added 
on  Richard  Steele;  whose  pseudonym  ia,  by  the  bye,  spelt 
Bikerstoff, 

A.  D.  M.  (Alfred  de  Musset)  translated,  it  seems, 
Thomas  de  Quincey*s  Confession  of  an  English  Opium- 
eater. 

Emilia  Julia  (Miss  Emily  Clarke),  "jeune  et  char- 
mante  Anglaise,"  says  the  note,  obtains  a  place  for  three 
works  ( Sappho ;  Nuuveaux  chants  cTune  etrangere  ;  Le  prince 
du  Lihan\  published  between  i857  and  1861. 

Immediately  after  Miss  Clarke,  we  find  ^Eolus  (Truf- 
fort.  Anglais^  :  Originations  of  Words^  with  a  digressionai 
Treatise  on  the  Scale  A,  E,  Ii  leading  to  a  View  of  the 
Scale  of  Colours.    Paris,  Bachelier,  1843, 12". 

The  designation  Un  Anglais  graces  the  title-page  of  a 
number  of  pamphlets  discussing  the  most  various  sub- 
jects. Amongst  the  bibliographical  details,  which  are  of  a 
most  general  ciiaracter,  and  which  seem  specially  inter- 
esting, I  may  quote  the  one  referring  to  a  well-known 
work  originally  published  in  1579,  and  an  excellent  edi- 
tion of  which  was  given  by  M.  Jannet  himself  in  the 
Bibliotheque  elzivirienne :  I  mean  the  Nouvelle  fahrique 
des  excellents  traicts  de  veritc\  litre  pour  inciter  les  reveurs 
tristes  et  melancholiques  a  vivre  de  plaisir,  Paris,  Jean  de 
Lartre,  1579,  IG".  This  small  volume  bears  on  the  title- 
page  the  supposed  name  of  the  author — Philippe  d'Alcripe, 
sieur  de  Neri  en  Verbos.  Now  this  is  a  pseudonym  ;  and 
from  an  indication  given  at  the  end  of  the  work,  it  has 
been  ascertained  that  the  real  Simon  Pure  was  Philippe 
le  Picard,  a  Bernardine  monk  of  the  abbey  of  Mortemar, 
near  Lyons  la  Forct,  in  Normandy.  But  what  is  the 
meaning  of  Neri  en  Verbos  f  Some  have  supposed,  by 
way  of  interpretation.  Seigneur  de  vert  bois;  others,  com- 
ing nearer  the  truth,  have  adopted  Seigneur  de  rien  en 
paroles.  Why  should  a  Latin  barbarism  have  been  raised 
to  a  French  anagram  ?  Why  verbos  and  not  verbis?  IS 
we  remember  that  r  =  ii,  the  difficulty  disappears  at  once; 
and  Philippe  d'Alcripe  comes  forth'  in  all  his  baronial 
dignity  as  "Lord  of  Empty- pocket "  {rien  en  bourse). 
This  solution  of  the  problem  was  given  by  M.  Arnold 
Morel  Fatio  in  the  B'Miophile  Beige  (xix.  105-6),  and  is 
reproduced  in  the  dictionary  I  am  now  noticing. 

Before  concluding  this  kind  of  compte-rendu^  I  must 
just  allude  to  the  amusing  prefaces  which  M.  Qudrard 
wrote  for  the  two  editions  of  the  Supercheries.  There  it 
is  that  the  mask  is  torn  off  the  face  of  the  litcrar}'  pre- 
tenders of  our  own  day ;  there  it  is  that  the  maxim, 
suum  cuique,  is  impartially  applied  by  the  learned  biblio- 
grapher, and  that  the  plagiarist  no  longer  appears  in 
bonowed  plumes.    The  late  M.  Victor  Cousin  was  gene- 


NOTES  AOT)  QUEEIES. 


nlly  suppoied  to  have  tianslated  into  French  the  worka 
of  Plato.  We  know  now  that  he  merely  rttiualtd  ime 
ofhUpapili  to  reviuand  ctimplete  Iht  IrnnilBtinn  ori'vina/Iy 
eoapoitA  6jr  Groa.  The  French  version  of  Reid,  par  M. 
Th.  Jouffrtn/,  as  the  catalogues  sar,  is  really  M.  Garnier's. 
U.  AlejiandiT  Damns — "dont  fo  nom  doit  ae  tronver 
partout  0(1  il  V  a  des  i«>ccadil!eB  litterairea  ii  signaler" — 
poblished,  umier  the  title  GauU  tt  fYaiue,  a  volume 
laaialT  copied  (without  acknowtedgmeat)  Trom  ChMean- 
briand  and  Aujiustin  Thierry. 

The  word  aaptrcJicric  is  unfortnnataly  so  wide  in  its 
application^  that  it  includes  every  kind  of  conceit  and 
uDtnith  :  from  the  laughable  but  innocent  raaity,  which 
makes  a  man  lack  to  his  own  name  that  of  his  native 
place  (Granler  de  Cattagnae,  Collin  rfc  Plancy,  Hoselly  dt 
lorouej,  etc.),  to  the  downright  piece  of  fraud  which  led 
M.  CaslilbUiie  to  insert,  in  his  Diclionrunrt  di  muai-pit 
.ii«ienieflB21,  2to1s.8=J  no  lass  than  (ArM  AaBdwdowi 
finig-lwo  articles  from  that  of  Jean-Jacques  Koasseau, 
whom  he  nevertheless  calls  "  ce  musicten  ignorant." 

The  readers  of  "  N.  A  Q."  will  thus  see  that,  besides 
its  merits  a.'  a  literary  work,  the  dictionaty  published  by 
Ucans.  Brunet  and  Jannet  is  ioCeresCiDg  from  a  moral 
point  of  view.  Let  us  hope  that  it  may  have  tha  effect 
of  putting  down  litaraiy  fiishoneety. 

Harrow-on-the-Hill.  Gubtatb  Massok. 

Dbath  of  SirCharlbs  Georoe  Yocmo,  Gartkr, 
Another  old  and  valued  contributor  to  "N.  &  Q."  has 
been  called  to  his  rest.  Sir  Charts  G,  Youn)-,  Garter- 
King-of-Arms,  died  on  Wednesday  the  1st  inat,  aged 
aeventy-four,  after  having  discharged  the  responsible 
dnties  of  bis  important  ^ee  for  twenty-seven  years, 
to  the  satisfaction  of  his  sovereign  and  with  the  greatest 
raedit  lo  himself.  Besides  n  Catabigae  of  Ihe  Aniadtl 
ifaHtilcripli  in  the  ColUge  of  Ariat,  1829,  and  his  care- 
ftllly  prepared  work  on  The  Ordtr  ofFreadact,  1851,  Sir 
Charles  was  the  author  of  several  privately  printed  tracts 
on  matters  connected  with  his  office  which  are  highly 
^ued.  His  death  will  be  felt  as  a  great  toss  by  the 
College  over  which  he  presided,  and  by  a  large  circle  of 
attached  friends. 


$.ai\ai  to  Currcitjioii&cnU. 


FnATOHCl.    nrre  art  tntr^En/liA  1rn<ulatl«i.t  ..f  I  Pnnnr'il 

Cn'Ui.Kr'&uirnjI.    ntfriSifrnHn  1^ ae Xmh.  Vhnrht  tr,Jf.'i 
••Mn.n,lu  .m  Ik,  l^nH  „f  Sir  Jeis  Mxrf  U  a  elotr  /•iffnmll^ 
ml  IKev.  rronril  VflhwAawf  »  iiriiiM  is  Ht 
"*  — """t  "/.«  J'linarMtIa  dtltfi^BfUiftr, 


U:ii, 


IB  AUB  Qd« 


fro  BOOKBUYEKS.—CATALOGUE  of  SECOND- 


ORES 


■—A  thoroughly  eiperienced  Writer  will    be 
Utonhip  Df  1  Cuunliy  PapFi' Addrfu.  iL  y'.  Z„  'tma  lA 


3RINT  WANTED.— The  largo  Section  and   Plan 


THB  mw  vaKiim  wova  o&VB-Hovaa 

WOTS  PAPBS. 

Manofactured  and  sold  only  by 

PARTRIDGE  AND   COOPER, 
192,  Fleet  Street,  comer  of  Chancery  Lao*. 


bclni  nude  trom  the  beat  linen  msi  onl 
dLinlriUlj',  ud  pRMUtiOff  k  nixfa«e  cq 


PARTEISaE    AKB    COOFEB, 
MANUFACTURING  STATIONERS, 

193,  Fleet  Street  (Comer  of  Chancery  Lane). 

IHORDEBS 


WHITE'S  : 

IT     iillfivcd  brut 


MOC-MAIN  LEVEE  TRUSS  is 


|ill«Fta%  MOC-lUIN'i'AD  nidPA^lsST^'l^EttlBirwlS^ 
ilniim  Aacn.  A  deiulptln  riiculir  nuiboKSUKid  Uu  TruH  (wWA 
unnoi  AiU  10  fli)  ftmnM  hr  inM  on  tbi  cHTnunftmix  or  Oa  bodr. 


MR.  joits  WHiTK,  an,  PI 


ELlSnC   STOCKISOS,    KSEK-CAPS.   &c.,  f..r 
VAKICmEVXINS.UIIltileuniifWEAK.'iEi'SiIndSnXl.- 

UXC  nf  the  LEOH.  SFHAINH.U.    Tbcl' on  nanUh  llnlil  In  Havre, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIE& 


229 


LOSDOy,  SATORDAT.  BEPTEltBEB  IB,  18G9. 

C0NTESTS.-KO  80. 

KOTES!  — Erse  Words  denolhig  the  Monn.IOT-A  Gene- 
ral Litemrj'  Iiiilin :  Indci  of  Aulliars :  Aleuin,  £11)  -  Dla- 
covirj-  gf  Amcrlra  by  the  Chinese  — Mjmmjrjae;  Lecture 
--WrHidcuts  ill  Daily  liners —"  Sopnnomi "  of  lUthsn 
Painlers  —  L?adeii  Comba,  !31. 
QUKHIK^i  — Milton's  UindwritlnR.m  —  AiiciDDt  Custom 
—  "Tho  Ancient  Mnjincr"  snd  Sir  John  Davies's  "Or- 
ehPSIra"  — AntHWMSor  — Balch  Queries- Cuckoopenners 
— MeOiclnnl  Spring  at  Dulwich  -^'  General  Dundas  he  wu 
the  Maii."  40.  — Emblems  wmnted  -  Hcringthorpo,  to. 
York  — Leominaler,  Uereford  —  Tiio  Miutdaien  Ctiapei. 
BdinbiirKli  —  Btr  Thomas  Morleiix  —  Tliomai  Norton, 
Author  of  "Gorboduc"—  PrimoitnniturB  in  Poland  — 
K«onf«  Canal  — Curious  Seal  of  Hawlae  do  Keraoloc. 
ttmp.  Kdwsrd  11.— Lesend  of  Our  Saviunr  —  Staffnrd 
ftmilT— ColnncI  Archibald  Slrachane  — Wilkle:  Kead- 
iliEthe\VI!l.S32. 

QmiEB  WITH  AHBiTiBSt  —  St.  Souloghs  —  Aloundcr 
PopCi-'Sir  H»la«m ■■-Thomas  James, UD.. 233. 

BSPLIE8:  — Gainsboronsh's  "Blue    Boy,"  2S7— Chureh- 


(ledel.  tM  —  Roci 


J  Heads  marryinit 
-Bonedietine  Uo>- 
ith  Lord  Eeay  — 


Hlraclu  aC  Cana  — Quotation  wanted  -  Bra netto  Latin 

—  Xief  —  Natural  Inheritanra  —  Misapprehensions  - 
P<woe-Uou»cllii]eCloth-tteston  Famiij-Old  Coini 

—  Joseiih  of  Nazareth-  St.  B.idintniet- La  Trappe- 
"  The  Iterbj  Ram,"  Jtc.  £U. 

Votes  on  Books,  te. 


Ham. 

KHSE  WOllDS  1»KX0T1SG  THE  MOON. 
In  the   Highland   Scottish  dialect   tlie   words 

?  attach,  re,  and  Inan,  severally  signifp  the  moon. 
Q  the  Irish  dinlect  tlie  same  words,  and  another 
word,  ea^  or  catcon,  are  applied  to  it.  In  the 
Manx  vocBbulaiy  two  words,  eai/et  and  lumi,  ttre 
frivcn  as  denoting  that  planet.  £ai/&l  is,  however, 
the  only  word  used  by  the  Manx  people. 

Gailach  is  probaWy  from  geal,  white.  The 
word  re  indicates  not  only  the  moon,  but  a  period 
of  time,  a  seaaon,  or  duration.  Loan  ia  simply  a 
moditiciition  of  the  Latin  hiaa.  The  qieaning  of 
the  Manx  enyat  or  the  Irish  eaacoit  ia,  however, 
exceedingly  doubtful ;  and  it  is  somewhat  remark- 
nble  that  this  word,  ns  an  epithet  of  the  moon,  ia 
not  found  in  the  Scotdah  Erie. 

Ur.  Kelly,  in  bia  Man.r  Dietioitary,  sub  voc. 
eayf.  affirms  that  this  was  the  "  Ilesiis  of  the 
Druids."  Is  this  statement  well  founded?  lleaus 
ia  indeed  supposed  to  hove  been  a  deity  of  the 
Gauls,  and  to  hare  been  identical  with  the  Mara 
of  till!  Romans.  :LucHn  (i.  444)  is  an  authority 
for  tlie  nivthical  esii^teiice  of  Ileaus. 


Tcui 


9,  horreniiqne  Teria  altaribua  Heai 


Camden  remarks :  - 


him  the  barking  Anobis,  because  he  was  pictured  in  the 
ahape  of  a  dog.  Now  kuad  with  oar  modern  Britons 
signifies  a  dog." 

Among  the  foot-notes  in  Gibson's  Camden,  I 
Snd  the  following : — 

"Hiizos  or  Haiis  in  the  Svrian  langaage  ia  strong 
and  powerful  in  war.  (Samms'a  BrU.  p.  6L)  Heus,  Mr. 
Samms  thinks,  ought  Dot  to  be  pat  the  same  with  Hema, 
but  rather  that  he  is  confounded  bj  Lactaatiua  with  the 
known  name  of  Bacchus  a.nd  Hues  worshipped  in  those 
\<arU.  (See  p.  62.)  /fnorf  in  British  U  now  obsolete,  hot 
bathuad,  which  is  a  compound  of  it,  is  their  eommon  word 
for  a  hound — vii.  from  baedku,  tfl  bait,  oud  huad,  a  dog." 

The  character  of  this  deity  is  indicated  in  the 
following  lines  from  "  TheCeltic  Warrior's  Girave," 
published  in  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare's  work  on  Wiltshire 

"  Hark  !  Heaua  rushes  from  on  high  ; 
Loud  war-sounds  hurlle  in  the  sky 
'Mid  darkness  and  descending  rain, 
Hark  f  hollow  (banders  rock  amain ! 
Sen  Taianis  descends  to  save 
His  hero's  violated  grave, 


Tbe  SRlpbur 


is  hlazmg  In 


It  seems  improbable  that  tbe  attributes  of  the 
god  of  war  should  have  been  assigned  to  the 

Elacid  moon;  though,  when  emerging  from  the 
orizon,  that  planet  often  osaumes  a  fleir  hue. 
The  moon  may  possibly  have  been  an  object  of 
■worship  among  the  early  Britons;  but  I  am  un- 
able to  find  in  the  Erae  or  Britannic  dialects  any 
word — unleas  eayit  be  one — indicating  that  it  was. 
In  other  languages  terms  applied  to  the  moon 
denote  its  deification.  In  the  Sanskrit,  amongits 
"  epithets,  are  — 


Eai/sl  ia  feminine,  and  if  it  had  any  mythical 
meaning,  it  would  probably  represent  a  female 
deity.  Has  it  any  affinity  to  the  Teutonic  Ostera 
or  the  Saxon  Eoater,  the  name  of  tbe  goddess  of 
tbe  East  P 

I  find  in  the  Scottish  Erse  the  word  eatcaoin  or 
txscaoin,  signifying  barahiiesa,  unkindness,  enmi^, 
&c.  This  word  aeema  to  bear  a  close  resemblance 
to  the  Irish  eaecon.  According  to  Tooke  the  Eng< 
lish  word  eait  is  derived  from  the  Anglo-Saxon 
yjipan,  the  past  participle  of  which,  yp|T,  drop- 
ping the  n,  he  observes,  becomes  jfC,  angry,  en- 
raged. The  Manx  word  for  east  is  diiar,  and  the 
Manx  woid  for  south  is  jiau. 

J.  M.  Jepfooti. 

Isle  of  Man. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*8.  IT.  Sept.  18, '67. 


I  have  followed  the  exsinple  of  the  best  autho- 
rities on  the  lite  of  Alciiin,  e.  g-.  Histoire  Uttiraire 
de  la  Francf,  adapting  references  to  the  early 
edition  of  Duchesne,  although  1  have  enjoyed  the 
iidvBUla^  of  Froben'a  admirable  editioD,  as  re- 
printed by  Abbe  Mipie,  to  which  also  references 
are  appended  on  occasions. 

EpiitoUt,  "Opera,  edit.  Dncbesne,  Tol.  Piri),  1617 
[pp.  I4G2-1671J;  Opera,  edil.  Frobeaiu«,  fol.  Katisbon, 
1777  [pp.  565-6^0]  i  Cmilsius,  Lect.  ArUig.  edit  Bssnigc, 
fol.  Antwerp,  172S,ii.379-i5fi{fromaM8.  at  St.Gallen.) 
Some  of  b[9  letters  are  in  D'Acheiy's  Spictltgium,  iii. 
831;  IT.  398  [1664,  vi.  391-897;  ix.lli,116]!  otbers  in 
Blttorite  Ftmenrum  Scnptora,  11.  G68,  edit.  Ducbeane, 


I  He  sLill  considered  himself  aa  honourRble  exile:  he  iru 
I  bound,  so  he  argaed,  by  hia  ardination  to  the  church  of 
;  York  ;  and  he  frequently,  but  ineffeelnally,  solicited  per- 
missioa  to  tev'udt  bla  native  country.  He  wsa  at  lait 
employed  to  be  tbe  bearer  of  friendly  proposals  to  Ofla, 
KingofMercia,  seeEp.  liv.  ad  Beoniaiaam,  "Offn  Rtsi 
et  Rcnti  Anglonim  nunquam  infidelis  foi."  (Ct.  William 
of  MalmeEbury,  Bohn,  p.  66.)  "  There  is,"  sava  the  aann 
I  chronicler,  "  an  epislle  of  Alcnin,  part  of  whitii  I  shall 
,  as  it  affbnlj  a  strong  proof  of  the  magaaniaiitf 


,{  Charl 


rebels 
16  [p.  61. 


u  Cod."  He  aay 
iWamn  HibenUt 
id  Worit.iyji    andAli 


IcaJni 


.   Paris 


V.  272- 


311],  Sov.  edit.  Paris,  1723,  i.  409;  and  in  the  Rcc 
da  Hiilorient  dtt  GrmUi  et  dt  la  France,  V.  604-[e20.] 
Pezios,  Tlietaiinu  Anted.  Not.  li.  i-[10],Fol.  Aug.Vin- 
delic  1721  -.  and  some  were  printed  at  Ingolaudt  in  IGOl. 
MiKne'a  Patrohigia  Curna  CWpfefw,   "    "~  "     ' "     "" 

icnplirt  Cata' '  "- 

Griai  Brilah 

vol.  L  part  ii.  eas-s. 

Mabilton,  I.  o.  p.  187,  edit.  Paris,  has  endeaTDuied  t 
arrange  them  in  ebtonulogical  order.  The  first  24,  witl 
the  90th  and  lOGth.  in  the  old  editions,  are  sddresaed  t 
the  Emperor  Charlemagne,  who,  as  we  are  infonned  ii 
the  Life  written  by  an  anonymous  biographer  (whc 


!   pupil 
cejitorofhin 


and   frie 
self  and  : 


ludy  which  ehiefly 
was  astronomy.  Cbaries  alio  was  sucl 
observer  of  tbe  heavens  that  nothing  i 


coin's  predilection  for  allegori'  be  often  bestowed  namea 
OD  his  friends  in  Jest,  whicli,  from  their  appropriateness, 
remained  attached  lolhem  in  earnest,  and  became  affixed 
to  their  real  names  as  surnames ;  as,  for  eitample.  King 
Charles  is  usually  called  David,  but  manv  timea  also 
Solomon.  Alcuin  hlmaelf  waa  called  Flaccna  and  Albi- 
naa;  the  former  probably  for  tbe  same  reason  as  pro- 
cured the  name  to  the  Latin  poet,  or  tiecaase  he  was 
particularly  partial  to  Horace,  whose  lyric  versa  he  imi- 
tated, in  the  judgment  of  his  contemporaries,  not  without 
suecesa.  The  latter  appellation  is  manifestly  a  mere 
accommodation  of  his  Anglo-Saxon  name  to  the  euphony 
of  the  Latin  tongue.  Einhard,  the  private  aecrelarj-  and 
biographer  of  Charlemagne,  ia  a  striking  instance  of  tlie 
reason  why  and  the  way  in  which  these  names  were 
given.  He  was  a  mathematician  and  sliilled  in  archi- 
tecture, (br  which  reason  Alcnin  calls  him,  after  the 
Jewish  architect,  Bezaleel.  (Cf.  Lingard'a  Hittoty  and 
Antiquititt  «f  the  Anglo-Saxon  Church,  and  Eeinhartua, 
cap.xxv.,not.  o.Schmincke.)  Tbe  2lBt and  23nd  are  con- 
solatory epiatlea  to  Charles  on  the  death  of  his  wife  Lnlt- 
garde.  'in  which  he  pumuea  the  thought  that  true  life 
commencea  with  death  ;  Xascimur  ut  moriamur,  morimnr 

Orthe  diat  racted  state  of  Norlbumlierland  at  this  period 
we  have  a  tiildaa-like  description  In  P^p.  xxix.  >£dLbredo 
Regi  et  Principiboi  Poputoque  Nordanhambionim  gentis. 


'"J'.  Ep.  I        .        _, 

Opera,  I  6,  Ep.  iii.  I  Dnchesne,  p.  1669]) 

Saxons  and  alt  the  Friesland  nations  were  converted  ta 

the  faith  of  Christ  through  the  exertiona  of  King  Chailo^ 

the  end  of  the  j-ear  {a.i>.  797)  the  king  made  an  attadt 
on  tbe  Sclavonians,  and  auUugated  them  to  bia  power. 
The  Avarea.  whom  we  call  Huns,  made  a  furious  attempt 
upon  Italy,  but  were  concjuered  by  the  generals  of  ths 
aforesaid  most  Cbristian  king,  and  relumed  home  in  dla- 

grace I  know  not  what  will  be  our  deatinattoo; 

for  some  ground  of  difference,  fomented  by  the  devil,  ha* 
arisen  between  King  Charies  and  King  (Ma,  so  that  m 
boihsides  all  navigation  is  prohibited  themerchants.  Soma 
say  that  we  are  to  be  sent  into  those  parts  to  treat  of 
peace."  {See  also  Lappenberg's  ZTiw/nadtuiiftr  tie  .^Mfa- 
Sarnn  Kingi,  i.  232-S.)  xxxviiL  Domino  exodba- 
tisaimo  Offano  Brgi  humilis  Levita  Akbuiniu  talslen. 
Offa  acquired  greater  renown  and  greater  power  t«  Ui 
state  than  had  ever  been  possessed  by  nnv  Anglo-SaxoD 
king  or  kingdom.  (See  charters  of  780  in  Out  JJ^plam. 
pp.  167, 169 ;  Smith's  Beda,  p.  767.)  Hia  firmneai  and 
ire  incontestable.     His  delight  ii 


l[.  La, 


.    (Aid 
ippeiiberg.  Tbe  original 


K-'tes 


it  of  despatching 


vsldc  plao 

ut  lumen  sapienuas  loceai  in  regno  vestro,  qooa  maim 
modo  exlinguitur  In  locia."  Of  Ethelred's  death  he  write* 
(Kp.  xlvii.),  0pp.  i.  57,  in  Duchesne  edit.  p.  1668)  thus  to 
Offa,  King  of  the  Mercians:  " Your  esteemed  UndneM 
is  to  understand  that  my  Lord  King  Charles  often  spsaka 
to  me  of  you  with  affcctian  and  sincerity,  and  in  him 
voa  have  the  firmest  friend.  He  therefore  aenda  becom- 
ing presents  for  your  love,  and  to  the  several  aeei  of  yo«r 

kingdom.    In  like  manner  he  had ^--  j  - --   -  - 

King  Ethelred,  and  for  the  sees  oj 
dreadful  to  think,  at  tbe  verj-  n 
these  gifts  and  letters,  there  came 
tbe  ambassadors,  who  returned  out  of  Scotland  tbnmgli 
your  countrj-,  of  the  faithlessness  of  the  peorje,  and  tba 
death  of  the  king.  So  that  Charles,  withboldmg  bia 
liberal  girts,  is  go  highly  incensed  against  that  natioa  U 
to  call  it  perlidiou}  and  perverse,  the  muniererDfits  aover- 
eigns,  esteeming  it  worse  than  pagan ;  and  had  I  not 
interceded  he  would  already  have  deprived  them  of  every 
advantage  within  hia  reftl'i,  and  have  done  them  all  tba 
injury  in  hia  power."  William  of  Mahnesburv,!!.  68  (cf. 
Lappenbere,p.231«9.;  Alcuin,p.l670).  Alcniri(Ep.sxii, 
vl    lupri)    rcminda  the    king   Ethelred,   the    patricina 

Oshald,  andtjsbert,  "de  antiquaamicitia de  fidal 

veritate.  de  paeis  concoidia,  quam  habere  debetia  inter 
vos;  quia  amicitia  quio  deseri  potest,  nunnnam  vera 
fuil."  This  letter  cannot  have  been  written  long  before 
the  murder  of  Ethelred,  aa  It  makes  mention  of  the  de- 
struction of  the  church  of  St.  Cuthberht  by  tbe  pagans. 
Lappenberg.  (Cf.  Ep.  x^.  pp.  1 1 6n  and  J  672,  which  latter 
Mr.  Wright  has  incorporated),  InEp.xviii.Ncrtbumbrian 
exiles,  Torhtmnnd  and  othens  are  recommended  to  tb« 
hoapitality  of  the  Emperor  Cbarlea.    Ep.  ixiii.  is  a  lettw 


4*8.  IT.  Sept.  18, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


231 


from  Charlemagne  to  Offa  iaterccding  for  a  Presbyter  et 
iScottus,  who  had  eaten  meat  in  Lent.  (Duchesne,  Script. 
Fr.  ii.  686.)  Another  monument  of  their  intercourse 
exists  in  a  letter  (Ixi.)  from  Charlemagne  to  the  Arch- 
bishop Athilhard,  whom  Alcuin  styles  the  primate  of 
Canterbury.  In  this  letter  the  humanity  of  Charlemagne 
is  nobly  distinguished.  Mr.  Wright  has  also  inserted 
two  letters  as  fair  examples  of  his  more  playful  style  of 
writing.  Ep.  xcii.  Ad  Dulcissimum  filium  Homerum. 
Ep,  xlvi.  Ad  Riculfum  Archiepiscopum  cognomento  Da- 
incetam. 

Ep.  vii.  Ad  Dominum  Regem  de  prajdicatione  veraj 
fidei,  et  baptismo  Catholico  novellis  populis.    "  Alcuin's 
liberality  of  sentiment  is  remarkably  conspicuous  in  this 
letter:  he  recommends  the  king  in   the  first  place  to 
select  with  care  the  preachers  who  were  to  be  sent  among 
the  barbarians,  and  to  avoid  burthening  the  converts  by 
the  imposition  of  heavy  rates  for  the  support  of  the 
4^urch.    With  this  view  he  warns  him  strongly  against 
the  immediate  exaction  of  tithes;   he  entreats  him  to 
oonsider  that  a  tax  which  the  established  Christians  re- 
luctantly consented  to  pay  would  naturally  alienate  the 
minds  of  new  converts  from  a  doctrine  which  they  saw  to 
i)e  oppressive  even  at  its  announcement.    The  passage  of 
the  letter  in  which  this  subject  is  treated  merits  to  be  ex- 
tracted in  the  original  language,"  tfcc.  Wright.   "  Charles 
did  not  follow  this  salutary  advice ;  and  to  his  obstinacy 
mar  be  attributed  the  long  continuance  of  the  Saxon 
war  for  years,  and  which  he  could  not  bring  to  a  conclu- 
aion  until  he  had  executed  some  of  his  chief  adversaries, 
banished  others,  and  conciliated  the  rest  by  the  grant  of 
fiefs."  Lorenz.     In  the  Capitular  upon  tithes,  Charles 
maintained  the  principle  that  tithes  must  be  paid,  secun- 
dum tnandatum   Dei.   (See   Baluze,    Capitularia.)*     But 
Alcuin  suggested  that  "  the  Christian  clerg}'-  were  indebted 
for  this  tribute  (the  idea  of  which  was  borrowed  from 
the  Old  Testament)  to  the  artfulness  with  which  they 
laid  claim  to  the    position  of   the  Jewish  priesthood, 
thereby  transferring  to  themselves  the  advantages  en- 
joyed by  that  body."  Lorenz.    Alcuin's  opposition  to  this 
principle  is  the  more  remarkable,  inasmuch  as  he  was 
nimself  abundantly  endowed  with  riches  derived  from  the 
church,  and  lived  in  an  age  which  believed  that  Charles 
Martel,  "  because  he  had  appropriated  great  part  of  the 
tithes  to  pay  his    soldiers,  was  most  miserably  taken 
bodily  out  of  the  grave  by  the  wicked  spirits." 

Ep.  Ixiii.  Ad  Adrianum  Papam.  As  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  he  was  imbued  with  the  most  humble  and  pro- 
found reverence  for  the  Holy  See.  He  recommends 
Beatissimo  et  omni  honore  dignissimo  Pontifici  magno 
Adriano  Pa  pie  his  pupil  Angelbert,  private  secretary  or 
chaplain  to  Charlemagne  himself.  In  £p.  Ixxii.  Ad 
Leonem  Papam,  he  honours  Adrian's  successor  with  the 
same  address.  Ep.  Ixix.  et  Ixx.  Ad  Fratrcs  Lugdunenses. 
He  inculcates  on  the  monks  love,  humility,  and  obedience, 
and  cautions  them  against  the  doctrine  of  the  Adoptiouists. 
The  latter  is  Expositio  de  Baptisterio.  (Cf.  De  Cceremoniis 
Baptismi,  pp.  1151-61.) 

BiBLIOTHECAB.  ChETHAM. 


Discovery  of  America  by  the  Chinese:  — 

"  One  fact  corroborative  of  the  idea  that  the  Old  World, 
or  at  least  some  of  the  inhabitants  of  Asia,  were  once 
aware  of  the  existence  of  America  before  its  discovery  by 
Columbus  is,  that  many  of  the  Arabian  ulema^  with  whom 
I  have  conversed  on  this  subject,  are  fully  convinced  that 
the  ancient  Arabian  geographers  knew  of  America  ;  and, 
in  support  of  this  opinion,  point  to  passages  in  old  works 

•  Cf.  Milman*s  Hi&ton/  of  Latin  Christianity ^  ii.  227. 


in  which  a  country  to  the  west  of  the  Atlantic  is  spoken 
of.  An  Arab  gentleman,  a  friend  of  mine.  General  Hus- 
sein Pasha,  in  a  work  he  has  just  written  on  America, 
called  En-Nessr-El-Tayir^  quotes  from  Djeldeki  and 
other  old  writers  to  show  this." 

The  foregoing  quotation  from  the  Gentleman^s 
Magazine  for  August  I  have  taken  from  the  Glas- 
gow Herald,    Musonius  in  a  note  on  — 

'*  Jacet  extra  sidera  tellus. 
Extra  anni  solisque  vias,  ubi  coelifer  Atlas 
Axem  humero  torquet  stellis  ardentibus  aptum." 
jEneid.  vi.  796.  (Virg.  Burmanni,  Amst  1746, 
vol.  iii.  p.  127)— 

affords  some  support  to  the  opinions  advanced  by 
this  writer.    He  says : — 

"  Designare  videtur  PoSta  insulam  quam  Americam 
vocant,  nostra  tempestate  inventam,  cujus  tamen  etiam 
antiqui  meminerunt  aliquando :  inter  quos  est  vel  in' 
primis  Plato,  qui  in  Timseo  Atlantis  insulam  appellat, 
asseritque  et  ingenti  terrse  motu  et  longa  illuvione  ab- 
sorptam  fuisse  :  et  pelagus  illud  innavigabile  remansisse. 
Sed  potnit  fieri  ut  quam  Plato  obrutam  putavit,  alii 
crederent  adhuc  cxstare,  secundum  quos  dixerit  Po^ta, 
*  ubi  coelifer  Atlas  Axem  humero  torquet.'  Verum  enim- 
vero,  ne  omnino  Platonis  opinionem  intactam  relinqueret, 
usus  est  verbo  jacet,  ex  quo  datur  intelligi  summersam 
esse.  Quod  vero  ait  extra  sidera,  ex  sequentibus  col- 
ligitur,  non  de  quibuslibet  sideribus  agi,  sed  de  his  tantum 
quffi  sunt  in  Zfodiaco,  ultra  quern  magna  illius  insulis 
pars  extenditur." 

Servius^  as  might  be  expected,  is  silent  about 
America,  but  gives  the  same  interpretation    of 
jacet  extra  sidera : — 

"  Nulla  terra  est  quie  non  subjaceat  syderibus ;  unde 
perite  addidit :  Extra  anni  solisque  vias ;  ut  ostenderet 
duodecim  signa,  in  quibus  est  circulus  soils." 

H.  S.  S. 

Glasgow. 

Mammy JAO :  Lecture. — I  often  hear  the  word 
inammyjag  used  by  the  peasantry  of  Huntingdon- 
shire, and  as  I  cannot  find  the  word  in  any  glos- 
sary of  local  terms  and  phrases  (such  as  Miss 
Baker's  or  Sternberg's  of  the  adjoining  county  of 
Northampton)  it  seems  worth  while  making  a 
note  of  it.  It  appears  to  be  a  variation  of  mom' 
mock  or  mammacK,  and  signifies  a  moist  mess. 
Thus,  an  old  man  who  was  exhibiting  to  me  his 
bad  leg,  called  my  attention  to  the  hardness  and 
dryness  of  the  skin ;  "  but,"  he  said,  "  I  put  on 
wet  rags  when  I  go  to  bed,  and  keep  them  on  all 
night  J  and,  in  the  morning,  my  leg  is  all  of  a 
mammyjag." 

I  also  hear  the  word  lecture  used  in  an  unusual 
way.  Thus,  yesterday  (August  26)  there  was  a 
fire  in  an  adjoining  parish,  and  a  mounted  mes- 
senger was  despatched  for  the  engine.  A  woman 
who  was  working  in  a  cornfield  told  me  that  "  he 
came  galloping  along  shouting  '  Fire !  fire  I  Mrs. 

'h  stackyard  is  afire ! '  that  was  his  lecture ; 

and  it  roused  us  all.  And  he  went  galloping 
along,  shouting  all  the  way,  but  the  whole  of  his 

lecture  was  *  Fire  !  fire  !  Mrs. 's  stackyard  is 

afire.' "  Cuthbbbt  Beoe. 


232 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»h  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69. 


Woodcuts  in  Daily  Papers. — It  may  per- 
haps be  worth  recording  that  woodcuts  were  not 
very  uncommon  in  Tlie  Times  of  the  early  part 
of  this  century.  They  mostly  represent  battle- 
fields and  naval  engagements,  and  they  occur  in 
the  numbers  of  February  15,  1804 ;  August  11, 
1804;  April  6,  1807;  April  15,  1807;  June  9, 
1809;  July  17,  1809;  July  29,  1809;  Sept.  12, 
1809  (Plan  of  Covent  Garden  Theatre) ;  Oct.  26, 
1809  (Device  of  an  illumination  at  the  Jubilee.) 

R.  B.  P. 

"SopRANOMi"  OF  Italian  Painters. — Adolf 

Stahr,  in  his  delightful  "Winter  in  Rome"  (Ein 

Winter  in  Rom,  von  Adolf  Stahr  und  Fanny  Le- 

wald,  Berlin,  1869),  writes :  — 

"  Together  with  Guercino's  name  I  remember  that  this, 
too,  \&  a  nickname,  Guercino  meaning  *  the  little  squint' : 
his  original  family  name  was  Barbieri.  Such  like  sopra- 
noffU  which,  originally  giyen  by  boon  companions,  stuck 
to  the  artist,  and  took  the  place  of  the  true  name  of  the 
same,  are  many  in  the  history  of  Italian  art,  and  they  are 
at  the  same  time  characteristic  as  regards  the  social  forms 
of  that  time.  Thus  the  painter  Robusti  was,  and  is  still, 
called  *  Tintoretto*  (the  little  dyer)  ;  Barbarelli  we  know 
almost  only  as  *Giorgione'  (fat  George);  Conradi  as 
*Ghirlandajo*  (the  garland-maker) ;  Ribera  as  '  the  little 
Spaniard  *  (Spagnoletto) ;  Andrea  Vanucchi  is  much  bet- 
ter known  by  his  nickname  Andrea  del  Sarto  (Tailor's 
Andreas),  his  father  being  a  tailor.  Which  name  is  hid 
behind  Luca  della  Robbia  (* Madder-Luke'),  and  Masac- 
do  (*  Dirt  •Thomas'),  I  cannot  call  to  mind  just  now." — 
Vide  ante,  Ein  Winter  in  Roin,  p.  222. 

Hermann  Kindt. 
Germany. 

Leaden  Combs. — I  believe  the  use  of  these 
articles  for  imparting  a  darker  shade  to  the  hair 
is  generally  considered  to  be  comparatively  new ; 
hut  the  following  extract  from  Another  CoUectian 
of  Philosophical  Conferences  of  the  French  Virttwsif 
translated  by  G.  Havers  and  J.  Davies  (London, 
1666,  fol.),  shows  that  they  have  long  been  in  use : 
"On  the  contrary,  at  Ragusa,  they  black  the  hair 
with  litharge,  black-lead,  or  with  leaden  combs  " 
(p.  17).  R.  B.  P. 

Putrid. 

MILTON'S  HANDWRITING. 

I  am  endeavouring  to  make  a  complete  list  of 
all  the  well-authenticated  specimens  of  Milton's 
handwriting  and  their  whereabouts,  and  shall  be 
glad  to  know  of  any  which  I  may  add  to  the  sub- 
joined : — 

1.  The  MS.  of  Milton's  minor  poems  in  the  hbrary  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

2.  MS.  corrections  in  Lycidas  (ed.  1638).  British 
Museum  and  Univ.  Libr.  Cambridge. 

8.  MS.  notes  in  Browne's  Britannia's  Pastorals.  Mrs. 
Patrick. 

4.  MS.  notes  in  Arati  Phenomena.     British  Museum. 

6.  Signature  in  the  Album  of  Camillus  Cardoyn.  Rev. 
Charles  Sumner,  America. 

6.  Euripides,  MS.  notes.    Sir  Henry  Ilolford. 


7.  Petition  of  John  Milton.    State  Paper  Office. 

8.  Entry  in  the  Album  of  Christopher  Arnold.  British 
Museum. 

9.  MS.  Poem  to  Dr.  John  Rous.    Bodleian  Library. 

10.  Note  in  presentation  copy  of  his  treatise  "  Of  Re- 
formation touching  Church  Disciplina"  Library-  of 
Trin.  Coll.  Dublin. 

11.  Letter  to  Carolo  Dati.    Mr.  J.  F.  Marsh. 

12.  Two  signatures  in  the  Registrary's  book  at  Cam- 
bridge. 

13.  Signature  in  a  volume  containing  Dante's  L'Amo- 
roso  Convivio,  Rime  et  Prose  di  Giovanni  della  Casa,  and 
Sonetti  di  Benedetto  Varchi.    Mr.  Arthur  Roberts. 

14.  Signature  in  a  copy  of  Heraclides  Ponticus.  Lord 
Rolle. 

15.  Signature  to  a  receipt.    Mr.  Ives. 

16.  Signature  in  a  copy  of  Lycophron.  Formerly 
(?  still)  in  the  possession  of  the  Earl  of  Charlemont. 

17.  Signature  and  motto  in  a  copy  of  Fitz-Herbert*8 
Natura  Brevium.  In  1830  in  the  possession  of  (ho  Rev. 
Dr.  Stedman. 

18.  Signature  to  a  warrant.    Lord  Ashbumham. 

I  have  not  included  in  this  list  the  sonnet  in  a 
copy  of  Alexander  Kosse's  Mel  Heliconium,  because 
it  is  in  a  hand  more  unlike  Milton's^  if  possible, 
than  the  poem  which  excited  so  much  unnecessary 
controversy  last  year.  Nor  have  I  mentioned  the 
agreement  with  Simmons,  nor  the  two  receipts 
for  money  paid  by  the  same  bookseller ;  for  these, 
ai  well  as  the  letter  to  President  Bradshaw,  and 
the  signature  to  a  conveyance  now  in  the  posses- 
sion of  Lord  Houghton,  are  obviously  not  auto- 
graphs. I  suppose  that  the  Bible  formerly  in 
possession  of  Mr.  George  Offor,  which  contained  a 
signature  "John  Milton,"  perished  in  the  fire 
which  consumed  the  greater  part  of  that  gentle- 
man's collection  during  the  sale.  Is  anything 
known  of  the  collections  made  by  Milton  for  a 
Latin  dictionary,  which  was  used  for  the  later 
editions  of  Littleton's  work  ? 

William  Aldis  WRiaHT. 

Trin.  Coll.  Cambridge. 


Ancient  Custom.  —  The  Weekly  Dispatch  of 

July  25,  1869,  says :  — 

"  The  annual  custom  of  restoring  the  lost  sheep,  which 
has  existed  from  time  immemorial,  on  the  borders  of  the 
Lancashire,  Yorkshire,  and  Cheshire  moors,  was  observed 
on  Tuesday.  The  place  of  rendezvous  was  the  Miller^ 
Arms,  Salterbrook,  about  twenty-two  miles  from  Man* 
Chester,  and  about  the  same  distance  from  Sheffield." 

What  is  the  custom  referred  to  ?  I  am  a  Lan- 
cashire "borderer,''  and  yet  1  can  say,  in  the 
language  of  Hogg,  I 

"  Never  had  heard  of  the  rite  before." 

Stephen  Jackson. 

"The  Ancient  Mariner'*  and  Sir  John 
Daties's  "  Orchestra." — Hajs  the  following  simi- 
larity been  noted  ?  — 

"  For  loe  the  Sea  that  fleets  about  the  Land, 
And  like  a  girdle  clips  her  solide  waist, 
Musicke  and  measure  both  doth  vnderstand : 
For  his  great  chrystall  eye  is  alwayes  cast 


l*  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Vp  lo  the  Moone,  and  on  her  fix6l  fast ; 
And  aa  ahe  tiauiiocth  in  her  palliJ  sphcei 
So  daunccth  he  about  his  center  here." 


Ili9  great  bri(;ht  e 
I  Ae  may  know  n 


Jnns  Addis,  JI.A. 
RnatingtoD,  near  Littlchompton,  Sussex. 

AMTECEasoR.  — Mr,  Gladstone,  in  bis  "Chapter 
of  Autobiography,"  usea  anieceuor  for  predece^or. 
Surely  tbis  is  incorrect?  A  man  may  be  my 
onfeoeMor  and  yet  not  my  predecessor,  if  he  has 
chosen  simply  to  hand  over  his  estate  to  my 
deceased  father,  yet  atJII  lives  on  in  his  old  borne 
as  my  guest.  Decease  alone  con  turn  him  into 
mj  prtdKessor.  R.  C.  L. 

BilCH  Queries.— 1.  Is  the  name  Balch  very 
nncommon  in  EnglanJ,  or  otbern-ise  ? 

2.  Do  the  Eajjlish  navy  rolls  of  about  100 
jeais  back  contain  the  name  of  on  Admiral  (?) 
Balch  ?  If  so,  I  would  like  any  information  to  be 
had  concerning  him  or  his  family. 

3.  I  ivould  like  a  description  of  coftt  armour 
ever  borne  by  any  member  of  the  Batch  family  in 
England. 

If  any  reader  of  "X.  &  Q."  can  answer  either 
of  the  above,  he  will,  by  so  doing,  confer  a  favour 
on  an  "American  cou&in." 

W.  LiNcoLs  Balch. 

CucKooPESKEHS. — The  members  of  a  cricket 
club  "  down  Soniersi't  way "  call  themselvea 
"Cuckoopenners."  What  is  the  meanin|j;  of  the 
word  ?  A  Sussex  Rector. 

Medicikal  Sprixg  .ii  Dulwich.  —  In  Har- 
a  Hittorij  o^  London  I  iind  mention  made  of 


at  Dulwich,  "  from  which, 
the  authoi-,  "the  w.atera  are  sent  to  London, 
esteemed  e.xceedin^  elfiuacious  in  man^ 


disorders."  Xow  I  have  made  search  for  thi 
spring,  but  cannot  discover  its  whereabouts.  Is 
anything  known  of  it  beyond  this  stateitient  made 
by  Harrison,  and  is  Jta  position  known  to  any 
one  ?  Can  it  be  that  iho  historian  is  speaking  of 
a  spring  which  up  to  a  few  years  ago  existed  at 
Sydenham,  and  irom  which  one  of  the  roads  of 
that  villafre(Wells  Road) takeaits  name?  Hasted 
in  his  Ilidon/  of  Kent  makes  mention  of  the  well 
at  Sydenham,  and  speaks  very  favourably  of  the 
medicinal  value  of  its  waters.  C.  A.  R. 

"  Gbsbral  Dusdas  he  was  the  Mas,"  etc. 
I  should  be  much  obliged  if  any  one  will  ^ve  a 


complete  version  of  a  poem  or  song,  of  which  only 
one  Terse  is  known  in  my  regiment: — 
"General  Dundas  he  was  the  mao 
Who  first  conceived  tlie  ijtgriom  plan 
To  raise  a  Gorpa  of  riflemen 

To  light  for  Engl«nd"a  glory." 

A  RlFLEUAR. 

EuBLKUS  WANTED. — I  shall  be  much  obliged 
if  any  one  will  tell  me  what  are  the  recognised 
emblems  of  the  Itesurrection,  beside  the  Pbcenixf 
Also  what  emblems,  if  any,  represent  the  Sacra- 
ment of  Holy  Baptism  ?  W.  H.  S. 

Herinoiiiorpe,  CO.  York. — I  shall  be  glad 
to  know  wlicro  this  place  is.  I  cannot  find  it  in 
any  of  the  topographical  dictionaries  or  gazetteers 
(modem).  Trssab, 

Leomihstbk,  Hebbford.  —  In  which  court 
probate  or  registry  is  a  will  of  a  person  who 
lived  and  died  in  tbis  town  moat  likely  to  be- 
found  P    Wished  for  literary  purposes  alone. 

Student. 

Tbe  Magdalen  Chapel,  EDiNDORon.— This 
ancient  charity  was  founded  by  Michael  M'Quban^ 
burgeas  of  Edinburgh,  in  1603:  the  chttrter  which 
establiahed  it  being  granted  by  Janet  Ryne,  his 
relict,  in  1646.  Can  any  one  give  me  any  par- 
ticulars respecting  the  founder?  Was  he  one  of 
the  M'Quhana,  or  Mokenes,  who  resided  at  the 
Magdalen  bridge  in  Inveresk,  and  possessed  small 
portions  of  land  there,  from  the  middle  of  the 
afteenth  century?  F.  M.  S, 

Snt  Thouas  MoBiErx,  Marshal  of  John  of 
Gaunt's  army  in  Spain,  and  Constable  of  the 
Tower  from  Dec.  8,  1381  (when  granted  for  life) 
to  Dec,  7,  IS8G  (last  entry  styling  him  by  thb 
title),  was  dead  in  February  1404.  The  obit  of 
"Thomas  Moresse"  was  kept  at  Canterbury  ca- 
thedral on  the  1st  of  November.  Are  these  per- 
sons identical  P  In  what  year  did  Sir  Thomas 
JMorieui  die,  and  is  there  any  evidence  that  he 
left  issue?  I  find  mention  in  1.3U2  and  other 
years  of  "Tliomas  Mutreux  le  fitz,"  but  this  I 
lake  to  be  the  person  under  discussion.  He  or  hia 
father  was  an  executor  of  JIary,  widow  of  Thomas 
de  Brotherton,  Earl  of  NoifoUc. 

Heb^entrvde. 

Thomas  Norton,  Author  of  "Gorboduc," — 
Mr,  Cooper  (Ai/ien.  CaiU.  i.  485,  500)  states  that 
his  widow  Elizabeth  was  living  in  Ilolborn  when 
hia  itiq.  post  mortetn  was  taken  in  June,  1684; 
and  that  this  Elizabeth  was  the  widow  of  Ralph 
RadcHffe  of  Hitchin,  and  daughter  of  Robert 
Marshall  of  that  place.  But  the  pedigree  of  Nor- 
ton by  Philipott,  published  bv  Mr.  Whitmore  of 
New  England,  makes  this  iBIizabeth  Marshall 
the  second  wife  of  Thomas  Norton  the  poet's 
father;  and  Mr.  J,  G.  Nichols  {Herald and  Gen, 
iv.  276)  prints  a  pedigree  of  Norton  from  the  Vis, 


234 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»>»  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69. 


of  Herts,  1634,  which  alno  calls  Elizabeth  Mar- 
shall the  second  wife  of  the  elder  Thomas  Norton. 
I  must  remark,  par  parenthkse,  that  my  copy  of 
this  pedigree,  ^*  from  the  original  visitation  in  the 
College  of  Arms,''  begins  with  the  poet  himself, 
and  makes  no  mention  of  his  father  at  all.  Mr. 
Nichols  goes  on  to  say  that  '^  the  third  and  last 
wife  "  of  the  poet's  father  drowned  herself  in  1582, 
of  which  fact  there  is  ample  evidence ;  but  one  is 
puzzled  to  read  a  little  lower  down  in  the  very 
same  page,  that  it  was  found  by  the  inq,  post 
mortem  in  June,  1584,  that  "Elizabeth,  widow  of 
the  poet's  father,  and  therefore  his  third  wife," 
was  then  residing  in  Holbom,  and  that  Alice  the 
poet's  widow  was  living  at  Cheshunt.  I  should 
like  to  be  informed — (1)  which  version  of  the 
inq,  post  mortem  is  the  correct  one,  and  (2)  whe- 
ther Elizabeth  Marshall  married  the  father  or  the 
son.  Tewabs. 

Primogenitubb  in  Poland. — What  laws  pre- 
vailed in  Poland  concerning  primogeniture  in  the 
eighteenth  century  ?  N.  K. 

Regent's  Canal.  —  I  should  feel  obliged  by 
information  on  the  following  point :  —  When  the 
Regent's  Canal  was  constructed  years  ago,  how 
did  its  construction  affect  the  course  of  the  old 
Fleet  River  ?  I  find  no  information  in  Timbs  on 
this  point,  though  he  says  a  great  deal  about  the 
old  course  of  the  Fleet  I  well  recollect  it  thirty 
years  ago  when  I  was  a  boy  at  Camden  Town.  It 
ran  open  past  the  gardens  of  the  Old  Castle,  Kentish 
Town,  and,  at  a  spot  a  little  to  the  south  of  the 
Castle,  plashed  down  a  deep  and  wide  arch  under 
the  roaa.  It  then  reappeared  in  the  grounds  of 
Messrs.  Goodall,  cardmakers,  in  the  King's  Road, 
and  again  went  under  by  the  Elephant  and  Castle, 
King's  Road,  to  reappear  at  Battle  Bridge.  Timbs 
describes  the  rest  of  its  course.  Was  it  brought 
under  the  Regent's  Canal  by  means  of  a  culvert  P 
Such  must  have  been  a  very  difficult  work.  Or 
was  the  Kentish  Town  part  wholly  diverted  and 
separated  from  the  lower  (more  southerly)  part, 
the  lower  part  being  still  fed  by  streams  and 
sewers  on  the  south  of  the  canal,  and  the  original 
middle  portion  entirely  obliterated  or  how  other- 
wise P  I  refrain  from  a  diagram  as  I  am  not  a 
very  expert  draughtsman,  but  I  trust  I  have  made 
my  meaning  clear.  Camden. 

Curious  Seal  of  Ha  wise  de  Keveoloc,  temp, 
Edward  II. — The  silver  seal  of  Hawise  de  Ke- 
veoloc (great-granddaughter  to  the  famous  Owen 
Cyveilioch),  called  Hawix  Gadam,  or  the  Hardy, 
was  found  about  twenty  years  ago  by  Mr.  Penson 
at  Oswestry.  The  seal  is  about  the  time  of 
Edward  II.,  and  shows  the  lady  carrying  a  shield 
in  each  hand — a  very  rare  an*angement.  On  one 
shield  her  own  arms  are  blazoned,  on  the  other 
her  husband's.  She  was  an  heiress  of  the  royal 
tribe  of  Powys   (Gwenynwyn),  wife  of  Sir  J. 


Charleton ;  who  also,  as  well  as  the  lady's  ances- 
tors, bore  the  lion  rampant — the  distinction  of 
colour,  of  course,  not  being  visible  on  the  seal. 
Mr.  Massie,  in  a  paper  on  seals  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Chester  Archceological  Society  (Part  li.  1850), 
gives  a  drawing  of  this.  Mr.  Morris  of  Shrews- 
bury says  the  seal  is  very  valuable,  as  it  explains 
with  certainty  the  intermarriage  of  her  paternal 
line  with  the  Corbet  family,  as  to  which  almost 
every  pedigree  of  ancient  date  differs.  Hawise 
followed  her  uncle's  (Thomas  Corbet)  example 
(he  having  avoided  the  single  raven  of  his  family^ 
and  bore  "  Or  six  ravens,  3,  2,  and  1  proper,  a 
canton  gules,  thereon  two  lions  passant  argent"), 
and  adopted  in  conjunction  with  the  arms  of  her 
father  ("Gules,  a  lion  rampant,  or")  those  of 
Strange,  avoiding  the  Corbet  arms  altogether.* 

The  Welsh  books  state  that  four  of  ner  uncles 
claimed  her  estates  (by  their  law  of  reverting 
from  the  female  to  the  male  line),  and  Edward  II. 
took  her  part,  and  gave  her  in  marriage  to  Sir  J. 
Charleton,  whom  he  created  Lord  Powis,  and  en- 
tailed the  four  uncles'  property  on  her  issue. 

I  should  like  to  know  what  other  examples  of 
seals  exist  showing  a  wife  carrying  shields  in 
this  manner.  John  Piggot,  Jun.,  F.S.A. 

Legend  of  Our  Savioxhi. — In  a  poem  of  the 
fourteenth  century  it  is  said  that  tne  Jews,  as 
soon  as  our  Saviour  was  condemned,  shaved  his 
head  and  beard.  The  story  was  communicated 
to  a  holy  woman  by  God.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  refer  me  to  the  story  ?  As  the  poem  will 
shortly  be  published,  I  am  anxious  to  have  the 
information  at  an  early  date.         J.  M.  Cowpeb. 

Stafford  Family.  —  Can  any  of  your  readers 
give  such  information  respecting  the  Stafford 
family  from  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  beheaded 
in  1521,  up  to  the  year  1630,  as  would  include  a 
branch  of  the  family  settled  in  Carmarthenshire, 
South  Wales,  between  these  dates  ?        E.  S.  B. 

Colonel  Archibald  Strachane  was  a  person 
who  achieved  some  notoriety  in  Scotland  in  Crom- 
well's time.  He  belonged  to  the  parish  of  In- 
veresk,  and  had  a  brother  Bobert  and  several 
sisters,  who  resided  in  the  parish  after  his  death. 
I  shall  be  much  obliged  for  any  information  re- 
specting him  or  his  family.  The  name  was 
originally  Strathauchane.  F.  M.  S. 

Wilkie:  Reading  the  Will. — In  the  French 

Catalogue  of  the  New  Pinacothek  at  Munich  I 

find  the  following :  — " 

"2  Cabinet,  No.  24.  Wilkie  (David)  nd  en  1785  k  CulU 
en  Tifeshir  («icj  en  E'cosse.  t  1841  dans  la  baie  de  Gibral- 
tar. Ouverture  d'un  testament — Sur  bois,  haut  2'  5"  large 
3'  7".  Ce  tableau  est  connu  par  la  belle  gravure  de 
Burnet." 


Is  this  the  original  picture  ? 


Clarrt. 


[•  This  seal  is  described  in  ••  N.  &  Q.,"  1«*  S.  viL  298; 
3"»  S.  v.  264.— Ed.] 


4^  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


235 


St.  Douloghs. — I  lately  visited  the  remarkable 
church  of  St.  Doulogh's,  near  Malahide,  co.  Dublin. 
Not  long  since  it  has  undergone  restoration,  and 
some  additions  have  been  made  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  its  parishioners.  Its  high-pitched  stone 
roof  and  singular  construction  render  it  an  object 
of  much  interest.  Can  any  of  your  correspond- 
ents in  Ireland  inform  me  by  what  race  it  was 
constructed,  and  where  its  history  can  be  found  ? 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

[The  sul)joined  interesting  notice  of  St.  Doulagh's  is 
given  by  Mr.  J.  N.  Brewer  in  his  Beauties  of  Ireland, 
L  234.  ed.  1825  :— 

•*  St.  Doulagh's,  distant  from  Dublin  rather  more  than 
four  miles,  is  highly  worthy  of  attention  on  account  of 
its  church,  which,  although  quite  destitute  of  pretensions 
to  beauty,  ranks  amongst  the  most  curious  vestiges  of  an- 
tiquity preserved  in  any  part  of  Ireland.  This  building 
does  not  stand  due  east  and  west,  and  is  on  a  diminutive 
scale,  its  extreme  length  being  forty-eight  feet,  and  its 
width  eighteen  feet.  The  roof  is  double,  and  composed 
of  stone;  the  exterior  division  ascending  in  the  form  of  a 
wedge.  The  inner  roof  is  constructed  of  rough  stone, 
imbedded  in  cement ;  and  between  the  two  is  space  suffi- 
cient for  an  upper  story  to  the  building.  Towards  the 
centre  of  the  fabric  rises  a  square  tower,  which  is  evi- 
dently of  a  more  recent  date  than  the  principal  parts  of 
the  church. 

"The  entrance  is  by  a  small  door^va}'  on  the  south,  the 
arch  of  which  is  imperfectly  formed,  and  appears,  unin- 
tentionally, to  approach  in  a  faint  degree  towards  the 
pointed  form,  an  irregularity  of  construction  obser\'able 
in  many  other  rude  and  very  ancient  buildings  in  this 
countr}'.  On  each  side  of  the  entrance  are  traces  of  an 
arch,  more  correctly  circular.  The  window-cases,  and  re- 
mainder of  the  architectural  parts  of  the  exterior,  are  in 
the  pointed  modes  usual  in  different  early  ages,  and  are 
evidently  innovations  on  the  original  character  of  the 
structure. 

•*  The  interior  is  divided  into  two  compartments.  The 
western  division  constitutes  a  small  room,  at  one  angle  of 
which  is  a  low  turret,  appearing  to  have  been  designed  for 
a  belfry.  At  the  eastern  end  of  the  same  room  is  a  plain 
and  massive  altar-monument,  called  the  tomb  of  St.  Dou- 
lagh.  These  erections  encroach  so  much  on  the  limited 
dimensions  of  the  room,  that  space  is  left  for  only  a  very 
small  assemblage  of  [)ci*sons  ;  and  it  is  conjectured  in  Dr. 
Ledwich^s  work  on  the  Antiquities  of  Ireland  that  this 
apartment '  was  designed  for  no  other  use  but  the  separate 
admission  of  those  who  came  to  make  their  prayers  and 
offerings  to  the  saint.'  In  the  north  wall  are  three  un- 
omamonted  square  cavities. 

"  This  apartment  communicates  with  the  eastern  divi- 
sion of  the  interior  by  a  narrow  and  square-headed  door- 
way, of  proportions  too  low  to  admit  the  transit  of  a 
full-grown  person  in  an  erect  posture.  Theeastern  compart- 
ment of  the  building,  forming  the  place  of  divine  worship, 


is  twenty-two  feet  in  length  by  twelve  feet  in  width ;  but 
its  original  character  has  been  greatly  obliterated  in 
different  early  ages,  and  the  whole  is  in  a  state  of  disuse 
and  dilapidation.  At  the  east  end  has  been  inserted  a 
pointed  window ;  and  there  are  two  other  windows,  re- 
spectively of  a  lancet  form  and  of  a  wavy  trefoil  shape. 
The  stone  roof,  now  all  rugged  and  partially  disjointed, 
retains  under  the  tower  the  traces  of  homely  groin-work, 
but  is  coved  in  the  eastern  and  more  ancient  part  On 
the  west  wall  are  relics  of  a  wide  and  irregular  arch,  cir- 
cular in  intention  ;  and  on  the  north  side  are  the  remains 
of  an  arch  more  strictly  semi-circular  in  outline.  A  stone 
stairway,  on  the  south,  leads  to  the  tower ;  and  on  the 
same  side  of  the  church,  near  the  east  end,  are  two  spa- 
cious but  plain  recesses,  for  the  reception  of  books  and 
sacred  utensils. 

"  No  traces  of  sculpture,  or  architectural  decorations, 
are  to  be  seen  in  any  part  of  the  building.  In  r^ard  to 
presumptions  arising  from  internal  evidence  of  architec- 
tural character,  the  ancient  parts  of  this  stmctore  are, 
indeed,  quite  beyond  date.  The  peculiarities  which  we 
have  noticed,  independent  of  the  absence  of  embellish- 
ment, and  of  the  marks  of  such  architectural  fashions  as 
are  traced  with  satisfactory  accuracy  from  the  12th  cen- 
tury down  to  the  present  time,  prove  its  origin  to  have 
been  extremely  remote ;  whilst,  from  its  situation  in  a 
district  long  triumphantly  infested  by  the  Danes,  we  can 
scarcely  suppose  it  to  be  probable  that  the  church  was 
erected  before  the  conversion  of  that  people  to  Chris- 
tianity. If,  then,  we  deem  it  to  be  likely  that  this  fabric 
was  raised  by  the  converted  Danes,  as  a  place  of  conser- 
vation for  the  reliques  of  their  venerated  northern  saint* 
Olave  (of  whose  name  the  word  Doulagh  is  said  to  be  a 
corruption),  can  we,  at  the  same  time,  believe  that  archi- 
tects, contented  with  so  rude  and  humble  a  building  for  a 
purpose  esteemed  peculiarly  solemn,  possessed  either  in- 
clination or  industry  to  construct  the  massy  round  towers 
of  Ireland  as  belfries  ?  It  is,  however,  extremely  doubtful 
whether  the  name  by  which  this  church  is  distinguished 
has,  in  fact,  any  reference  to  the  favourite  saint  of  the 
Danes.  The  Chevalier  De  Montmorency,  in  his  MS. 
communications  to  this  work,  is  '  inclined  to  deduce  the 
name  from  the  Irish  duilleog,  duUleach,  a  leaf,  the  leaf  of 
a  book  ;  whence  duilleachan,  a  small  book,  the  Holy-book, 
or  Gospel.'  By  the  same  writer  it  is  suggested,  that 
*  what  is  here  called  St.  Doulagh's  bed  was  nothing  more 
than  the  shrine,  or  tabernacle,  in  which  this  holy  relic 
had  been  preserved  and  venerated." 

**  Contiguous  to  thb  ancient  fabric  is  a  modem  build- 
ing, quite  uninteresting  in  character,  forming  the  present 
place  of  parochial  worship.  At  a  small  distance  is  a  con- 
secrated well  of  lucid  water  enclosed  in  an  octangular 
building.  This  structure  was  repaired  and  painted  in 
fresco,  A.D.  1609,  at  the  expense  of  John  Fagan,  of  Fel- 
trim,  Esq.  The  paintings  represent  St.  Patrick,  St.  Dou- 
lagh in  a  hermit's  habit,  and  other  subjects."] 

Alexander  Pope's  "Sir  Balaam." — Can  any 
of  your  correspondents  inform  me  whether  the 
Sir  Balaam  who  lived  near  the  Monument^  was 


236 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4a  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69. 


impeached  by  the  House,  harangued  by  Ooningsby, 
deserted  by  the  court,  and  finally  hanged,  has 
been  ever  supposed  to  be  a  portrait ;  and  if  so,  of 
whom  P  Besonian. 

[It  has  always  been  a  doubtful  question  whether  Sir 
Balaam,  the  hero  of  the  little  episode  with  which  Pope 
concludes  the  third  of  his  "  Moral  Essays,"  is  a  satirical 
portraiture  of  some  notable  contemporary,  or  simply  a 
creation  of  his  exuberant  fancy  ;  and  after  the  lapse  of 
nearly  150  years  the  possibility  of  determining  it  satis- 
factorily either  one  way  or  the  other  has  now  become 
almost,  if  not  altogether,  hopeless.  Yet,  notwithstanding 
what  has  since  been  oftentimes  urged  to  the  contrary  by 
others  with  more  or  less  ingenuity,  we  are  disposed  our- 
selves to  adopt  that  opinion  in  the  matter  which  very 
generally  prevailed  in  the  last  century,  and  to  consider  the 
vituperative  pafisage  as  aimed  primarily  and  specially  at 
Governor  Thomas  Pitt  of"  Diamond  "  notoriety,  the  grand- 
father of  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Chatham.  True,  there  are 
certain  portions  of  the  story  which  bear  no  relation  what- 
ever to  that  gentleman's  personal  history ;  but  these,  we  ap- 
prehend, are  only  so  many  ambages,  or  poetical  excursions, 
to  save  the  writer  in  some  measure  from  the  consequences 
of  his  temerity  and  malevolence.  In  the  main  the  par- 
ticulars of  the  narrative  accord  very  well  with  what  is 
known  of  the  sudden  elevation  and  prosperous  career  of 
the  Governor  of  Fort  St.  George,  in  the  East.  According 
to  Gilbert,  **  Thomas  Pitt,  although  remotely  descended 
from  a  good  family,  is  said  to  have  been  the  son  of  a  per- 
son concerned  in  trade  at  Brentford.**  {Paroch.  Hist,  of 
Cornwall,  p.  68.)  He  was  a  man,  therefore,  of  somewhat 
obscure  origin,  the  architect  of  his  own  fortune,  and,  as 
we  gather  from  the  sermon  preached  at  his  funeral,  re- 
markable for  his  moderation  and  piety ;  or,  as  the  poet 
aptly  describes  him  — 

**  A  plain  good  man 

Religious,  punctual,  frugal,  and  so  forth.'* 

His  cheap  acquii<ition,  whilst  serving  at  Madras,  of  that 
magnificent  gem  which  he  subsequently  sold  to  the 
Regent  Orleans  for  five  times  the  amount  he  had  given  for 
it,  occasioned  no  little  envious  discussion  at  the  time.  He 
was  accused  on  his  return  to  Europe  of  having  duped  the 
former  proprietor  of  it;  and  his  name  in  consequence 
became  a  by-word  of  reproach  amongst  the  vulgar  and 
officious  on  either  side  of  the  English  Channel.  "He 
condescended,"  says  a  writer  in  the  European  MagazinB 
(xx.  166,  anno  1791),  "to  vindicate  himself  against  the 
aspersions  thrown  out  upon  him."  And  a  second  con- 
tributor to  the  same  periodical  (p.  2'45)  supplied  the 
editor,  at  the  particular  request  of  the  latter,  with  certain 
extracts  from  the  "  Vindication**  in  question,  and  which 
originallj'  appe^ired  in  the  London  daily  papers  towards  the 
close  of  July,  1710,  when  the  author  of  it  was  temporarily 
sojourning  at  Berj^en.  It  is  manifestly  the  composition  of 
one  who  was  deeply  impressed  by  religious  truth.  In  his 
version  of  the  diamond  transaction.  Pope  probably  selected 
the  most  odious  of  the  many  rumours  afloat  at  the  time 
in  reference  to  it.  Whether  he  w^as  equally  unjustified 
in  ascribing  other  large  gains  — 


"  In  one  abundant  8how*r,  cent  per  cent  — 

made  by  the  ex-governor  to  any  participation  that  that 
Midas-like  personage  may  have  had  in  the  infamous  South 
Sea  Bubble  is  not  quite  so  apparent ;  but  it  is  an  undoubted 
fact  that,  with  less  than  half  the  profit  he  had  acquired 
by  the  disposal  of  his  diamond,  he  purchased  from  the 
devisees  of  Lord  Mohnn  (who  was  killed  in  the  horrible 
duel  with  Duke  Hamilton)  the  beautiful  estate  of  Bocon- 
noc,  near  Lostwithiel  in  Cornwall — a  bargain  almost,  if 
not  quite,  as  advantageous  as  that  which  he  had  previ- 
ously made  in  India.    The  line  — 

"  And  two  rich  shipwrecks  bless  the  lucky  shore," 

may  be  but  a  poetical  metaphor  of  the  double  obtain- 
ment. 

The  lucky  speculator  himself  did  not  contract  matri- 
mony with  "  a  nymph  of  quality'* ;  that  additional  piece 
of  good  fortune  was  reserved  for  his  son  and  heir  Robert 
(the  father  of  Lord  Chatham),  who  espoused  a  daughter 
of  the  Irish  Earl  of  Grandison,  and  who  learned  to  "  bow 
at  court  '*  and  "  grew  polite "  when  he  was  appointed, 
shortly  after  his  marriage,  one  of  the  clerks  of  the  green 
cloth  to  Frederick  Prince  of  Wales.  That  line,  how- 
ever-i- 

"  And  one  more  pensioner  St.  Stephen  gains,*' 

applies,  in  a  subordinate  sense,  equally  well  to  the  father 
as  to  the  son ;  for,  in  the  language  of  Lord  Macanlay, 
"  Governor  Pitt  bought  estates  and  rotten  boroughs,  and 
sat  in  the  House  of  Commons  for  Old  Sarum.*'  Robort 
Pitt,  and  subsequently  his  illustrious  son,  represented  the 
same  spot  in  Parliament  for  several  consecutive  sessions. 
It  was  for  that  son,  too,  that  "  a  gay  commission  "  was 
purchased — namely,  a  cornetcy  in  the  Blues.  There  are 
other  passages  in  this  inclusive  episode  which  we  cannot 
pause  to  indicate,  manifesting  that  the  satirist  must  have 
had  the  early  career  of  the  great  commoner  in  his  mind 
at  the  moment  he  penned  them. 

These  very  remarkable  coincidences  in  the  respective 
histories  of  Sir  Balaam  and  "  Diamond  "  Pitt  warrant 
the  conclusion,  in  our  judgment,  at  which  the  generality 
of  critics  arrived  in  the  last  century.  That  conclnsioQ. 
moreover,  receives  very  considerable  force  from  the  fact 
of  Sir  Charles  Hanbury  Williams,  the  friend  and  to  some 
extent  the  political  confidant  of  Pope,  designating  the 
elder  William  Pitt  «  the  true  son  of  Sir  Balaam.**  This 
very  definite  expression  occurs  in  one  of  his  coarser  lam- 
poons upon  the  youthful  statesman,  entitled  The  Unem- 
barrassed Countenance ;  and  the  epigraph  of  which  Sir 
Charles  has  borrowed  from  the  story  before  us  :  — 

**  Behold  Sir  Balaam,  now  a  man  of  spirit. 
Ascribes  his  gettings  to  his  parts  and  merit.** 

See  W.  Walker  Wilkins's  Political  Ballads,  ii.  319.] 

Thomas  James,  D.D.  —  I  have  a  small  12mo 
volume  printed  by  Felix  Kingston,  1508,  called 
"  The  Moral  Philosophy  of  the  Stoics.  Written  in 
French,  and  Englished  bv  Thomas  James,  Fellow 
of  New  College,  Oxford."    I  do  not  find  this 


4«»  8.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


237 


Thomas  James  in  Wood's  Aihen€B  Oxon.j  nor  the 
work  in  Lowndes  or  Watt.  In  the  dedication  to 
Sir  Charles  Blunt,  Lord  Mountjov,  K.G.,  Mr. 
James  states  the  name  of  the  noble  author  who 
wrote  this  treatise  was  then  not  known  in  Eng- 
land. The  book  recently  discovered  was  bound 
in  a  fragment  of  an  Anglo-Saxon  MS.,  which  I 
hope  some  scholar  in  that  literature  will  decipher 
for  me.  Can  you  give  me  any  account  of  the 
author  and  translator  ? 

Thomas  E.  Winnington. 

Stanford  Court,  Worcester. 

[The  author  of  The  Moral  Philosophic  of  the  Stoicks 
is  GuiWaume  du  Vair,  Bishop  of  Lisieux  ;  it  was  trans- 
lated into  English  by  the  learned  Thomas  James,  D.D., 
the  first  Keeper  of  the  Bodleian  Library.  It  is  remark- 
able that  this  translation  has  been  overlooked  by  Wood 
and  his  editor,  Dr.  Bliss,  who  have  given  a  long  list  of 
Yds  works  in  the  Athence,  ii.  •464-470.  There  is  another 
translation  of  Du  Vair's  work  by  Charles  Cotton,  Lond. 
1664, 8vo.] 


GAINSBOROUGH'S  "BLUE  BOY." 
(4»'>  S.  iii.  576 ;  iv.  23,  41,  81,  204.) 

A  valuable  contribution  towards  a  correct  his- 
tory of  this  picture  was  expected  from  Mr.  Tom- 
ldJson  in  support  of  his  conclusion,  that  "  there 
is  not  a  shadow  of  doubt  as  to  the  authenticity 
and  genuineness  of  the  ^  Blue  Boy '  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Marquis  of  Westminster,"  but  he  throws 
no  light  upon  the  subject,  and  rests  his  faith  upon 
the  acknowledged  merits  of  the  Westminster 
"  Blue  Boy  " — a  field  on  which  the  rival  picture 
is  likely  to  prove  a  winner. 

Mr.'Tomlixson,  however,  frankly  admits  that 
he  should  have  said  "  in  mv  mind  there  was  not 
the  9lij?litest  doubt "  ;  but  as  he  has  not  seen  both 
pictures,  his  opinion  must  necessarily  be  ex  parte y 
and  be  estimated  accordingly. 

With  reference  to  my  qualified  expressions  re- 
garding the  errors  in  the  history  of  the  West- 
minster picture,  commented  upon  by  Mr.  Tomlin- 
sox,  and  considered  by  him  to  be  unimportant 
evon  if  true,  porhaps  others  i^ay  hold  a  different 
opinion.  Since  they  were  wntten  additional  tes- 
timony has  been  obtained,  which  corroborates 
Mr.  ifall's  statement,  that  the  Westminster 
"  J^uo  Bov "  was  traceable  to  a  sale  for  rent 
before  it  was  purchased  by  Lord  Grosvenor. 

Mr.  Richard  Gale,  the  respected  dealer  in  pic- 
tures and  antique  relics  at  47,  High  Holbom, 
well  recollects  that  about  tliirtv  vears  a«?o  the 
seizure  and  sale  of  this  picture  for  rent,  and  its 
purchase  for  the  Grosvenor  gallery,  after  it  l^ad 
passed  through  the  hands  of  two  or  three  dealers, 
Were   current    and    undisputed    trade    anecdotes 


amongst  men  who  were  personally  acquainted 
with  all  the  circumstances  of  the  case. 

Had  Allan  Cunningham  heard  something  of 
this  episode  in  the  career  of  the  Westminster 
picture  when  he  wrote:  ''after  experiencing  a 
variety  of  fortune,  the  far-famed  *Blue  Boy* 
found  its  way  into  the  gallery  of  Lord  Gros- 
venor"? Mrs.  Jameson  and  Fulcher*s  history 
are  identical  in  substance,  and,  ''barring"  dates 
and  ignoring  the  above  episode,  it  has  been  taken 
chiefly  from  Edwards's  Anecdotes  of  Painters 
(1808),  in  which  the  "  Blue  Boy  "  is  thus  referred 
to  as  — 

"  A  wholc'length  portrait  of  a  yoang  gentleman  in  a 
Vandyck  dress,  which  picture  has  obtained  the  title  of 
the  *  Blue  Boy  *  from  the  colour  of  the  satin  in  which  the 
figure  is  dressed.  This  was  the  portrait  of  a  Master 
Buttall,  whose  father  was  then  a  considerable  ironmonger 
in  Greek  Street,  Soho.*  It  is  not  exaggerated  praise  to 
say,  that  this  picture  might  stand  among  those  of  Van- 
dyck.   It  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Hoppner,  R.A.'* 

If  the  original  "  Blue  Boy  "  was  then  (1808) 
in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Hoppner,  what  became 
of  it?  Mr.  Hoppner  died  at  his  residence  in 
Charles  Street,  St  James's  S<|uare,  in  1810,  and 
no  such  seizure  and  sale  of  his  effects  took  place 
as  are  associated  with  the  owner  of  the  ''Blue 
Boy,"  now  the  property  of  the  Marquis  of  West- 
minster. 

Here,  then,  the  important  question  is  raised— 
Was  it  the  "  Blue  Boy  "  that  Mr.  Hoppner  pos- 
sessed which  afterwards  fell  into  the  hands  of 
Mr.  Hall  P  It  is  at  least  extremely  improbable 
that  Hoppner's  "  Blue  Boy ''  ever  figured  in  the 
seizure  for  rent  of  an  occupant  of  two  rooms  near 
Leicester  Square,  and  was  in  consequence  sold  for 
a  mere  trifle  (under  a  sovereign,  according  to  Mr. 
Gale)  at  Bingham's  auction  rooms,  in  Ryder's 
Court,  Leicester  Square:  all  of  which  circum- 
stances, it  now  appears,  did  befall  the  Westminster 
*'  Blue  Boy."  At  any  rate  the  facts  already  elicited 
show  that  there  is  much  greater  prohahility  that 
Hoppner's  "  Blue  Boy  "  became  the  property  of  Mr. 
Hall  than  that  it  was  ever  seizea  for  rent,  and 
entered  the  Grosvenor  gallery  through  that 
channel.  This  leads  to  the  question  of  merits, 
upon  which  Mr.  Toklinson  takes  his  stand,  and. 
where  we  will  gladly  meet  him.  So  far  as  a  fine 
engraving  of  the  Westminster  "Blue  Boy,"  by 
Messrs.  Graves,  of  Pall  Mall,  can  be  used  as  a 
mode  of  comparing  the  merits  of  the  two  pictures, 
the  diflerences  are  all  in  favour  of  the  least  known 
one.  To  the  non-professional  eye,  the  chief  dif- 
ferences consist — (1)  in  the  broad  and  harmonious 
treatment  of  the  picture  as  a  whole ;  (2)  in  the 
symmetry  of  the  boy,  more  especially  in  the  left 
leg  and  feet ;  (3)  in  the  shading  which  develops 

*  In  a  London  Directory  for  1794  we  find  the  corrobo- 
rative address  of  *'  Jonathan  Buttall,  ironmonger,  31, 
Greek  Street,  Soho,"  six  years  after  Gainsborough's 
death. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ttS.IT.  Skft.  18,'6«. 


the  form  of  the  cheat ;  (4)  in  the  feather  in  tht 
cap  held  id  the  right  band ;  (5)  in  the  cloak  oi  ,  ^. 
rc^utlawe  hanging  over  the  left  arm;   and  (6)  I  (quoted 
io  tbedesign  and  execution  of  the  landscape  hack'    lights, 
gronnd.* 

Inaamucb  as  an  uncoloured  engraving  cannot  h!> 
a  crit^rioD  of  the  colouring  of  a  picture,  it  may 
he  added  that  in  the  least  knovm  of  the  twii 
"  Blue  Boya "  blue  colour  has  been  introduced 
into  the  landscape,  and  that  the  lights,  tints,  and 
dull  blue  sky  are,  practically  speaking,  a  literal 
rendering  of  the  clouded  atmoaphere  eo  frequently 
seen  during  a  showery  summer's  day.  It  ie 
eBpecially  noticeable  that  the  dark  background  in 
which  the  head  ia  finely  set,  and  with  nhich 
the  fine  face  so  sweetly  contrasts,  prevents  thu 
hair  on  the  left  aide  of  the  head,  and  the  attach- 
ment of  the  roqueUmre  on  the  left  shoulder,  from 
being  any  such  eyesore  as  that  which  eo  etionglj 
arrests  attention  in  the  engraving.  Subject,  of 
course,  to  correction  by  fornier  information,  the 
results  so  far  of  the  investigadon  lead  almost 
irreristibly  to  the  conviction — (1)  that  the  "  Blut 
Boy  "  which  was  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Hopp- 
ner,  B.A.,  is  not  the  one  now  in  the  possession  of 
the  Marquis  of  Westminster ;  (2)  that  it  is  more 
likely  to  be  the  one  which  was  the  property  of 
the  lale  Mr.  Hall,  as  exhibited  at  the  conversa- 
lione  of  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers  in  1867 ; 
(3)  that,  if  one  of  the  two  "  Blue  Boya  "  has  been 
copied  from  the  other,  it  ia  the  Westminster  one. 
which  is  an  indifferent  copy  of  the  rival  picture 


wmcti  IS  an  indilterent  copy  ot  the  rival  picture  : 
(4)  that,  if  both  pictures  are  Gainsborough's,  then 
the  least  known  one  ia  the  finest  work  of  art 

J.S. 


CHUECH-BUILDING  PHRASES. 
(4'"  S.  iv.  173,) 
"  The  gaderyng  of  the  Trinite  Kith." — In  Hone's 
Ancient  Mysteries  (ed.  1823,  p.  83)  he  gives  an 
account  of  the  Brethren  of  the  Holv  Trinity  of  St. 
Botolph  Without,  Aldersgate,  founded  46  Edw.Iir. 
"  in  honour  of  the  body  of  Christ,  and  to  maintain 
thirteen-va^  lights  burning  about  the  sepulchre  in 
the  time  of  Easter  in  the  said  church,  and  to  find 
a  chaplain."  The  number  thirteen  waa  in  allusion 
to  Christ  and  the  twelve  Apostlps.  Hone  quotes 
a  ffreat  many  items  from  the  chartulary  of  thia 
rehgioua  guild  in  his  possession.  This  was  called 
the  "  Blftka  Registre  Boko."  One  of  the  statutes 
ordains  that  every  one  of  the  thirteen  tapers  shall 
consist  of  "  sei  pounde  of  wex,  with  dysches  of 
pewtre,  accordynge  th'to,  for  to  brenne  ab'  the 
sepulcr'  on  estres  en'  &  estres  day."  And  they 
always  gadi/red  oF  the  people   for  h/ffth,  i.  e.  to 


*  ThroUBh  vou,  Mr.  Editor,  Mr.  Tojilinsos  or  an 
of  your  frienda  may  bave  the  opporl unity  of  maklne' 
similat  comn»n»on,  so  as  to  be  able  to  form  mn  impartil 
opinion  on  the  respeetive  merils  of  the  pictorea. 


maintain  the  light  they  made  a  collactioD  ot 
gathering  of  the  people,  which  explains  the  entijr 
'  ly  your  correspondent.  This  tight,  or 
subsequent  entry  informs  ua,  was  in  the 
form  of  a  "braunche,"  and  may  have  been  (as 
I  many  were)  placed  in  a  block  of  wood  carved 
'  into  the  figure  of  an  old  man  lying  on  his  back. 
with  the  branch  coming  out  of  him — hence  calleO 
a  "Jesse."  In  a  list  of  their  possessions,  the  item 
"reed  &  yellow  ktioUs"  appears,  with  "pillows 
of  eilke  &  banner  clothes." 

"  The  player  jf  the  churck-hai/, " — Mr.  Hnlliwell 
Bays  that  the  word  chyrche-haye,  for  churchyard, 
occurs  in  an  early  MS.  quoted  in  Prompt.  Parv. 
(p.  S21),  and  waa  in  use  in  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, as  appears  from  Lhujd's  MS.  additions  to 
Ray  in  Mus.  Ashmol.  The  Anglo-Saion  form  of 
the  word  was  chirche-ltawe.  Church-garth  waa  in 
use  mi^ch  later. 

When  we  consider  the  scenes  which  took  place 
in  the  churchyards  in  the  Middle  Apes,  it  does 
not  seem  wonderful  that  the  churchwarden  shoold 
have  paid  a  pkvei  to  amuse  the  people  at  the 
re- edification  of  thia  church.  (By  the  bye,  Mb. 
CoTTCH  should  have  told  us  the  name  of  the 
church.)  As  early  as  the  fourth  century  St.  Banl 
tells  us  that  "  men  kept  markets  in  the  church- 
yards, under  colour  of  making  better  provisioQ 
for  the  feasts  which  were  celebrated  thereat,"  aad 
in  later  times  this  custoui  greatly  increased.  But 
a  worse  use  was  made  of  the  churchyards.  A, 
canon  of  the  Synod  of  Exeter,  1287,  says :  — 

ijoin  out  parish  priests  that  they  pab- 
their  churches  that  no  one  preauma  to 
,  dancea,  or  other  improper  sports  in  the 
churchyards,  especially  en  the  eves  and  feoats  of  the 
saints;  or  sta^  plays  or  farces  by  which  the  hononrof 
the  charche;  is  dcliled.  and  sacred  onlinancas  despised." — 
Wilkins'a  Omalm,  ii.  170. 

The  coundU  of  Buda(1279)  and  Soissons  fl4fi6) 
Forbid  the  same  things.  Adam  de  Orleton,  Biahop 
of  Winchester,  1334,  says :  "  Let  not  spear  plays 
Ijtastiludia)  he  practised  in  the  churchyard."  Even 
in  1003  the  following  canon  (88)  was  thought 
necessary ;  — 

"  The  chnrch wardens  or  f|aestmen  and  their  assistant* 
Hhflll  snffer  no  plays,  feasts,  banqnels,  snppers,  chnrcb- 
jilea,  drinkinga,  temporal  courts  or  leels,  lay  Juries,  or  any 
other  profane  unage,  tahe  kept  up  in  the  churcli,  cbtpd, 
(ir  cbnrchyard.'' 

The  item,  "makyng  of  two  imgeler''  refers,  I 
think,  to  sheds  or  booths.  The  word  leng  is  used 
now  in  Yorkshire  to  signify  shade  or  sheUer.'  The 


licly  proclaim 


•  Bede  lella  us  that  Gregory  the  Gr«Bt  in  his  letters  to 
Austin  and  Mellitns,  the  Hrit  Saxon  bishops  here,  ordcTsd 
them  to  allow  the  people  libert.r,  on  their  annual  feasts 
of  the  dedication  of  their  chnrches,  to  build  themselvw 
)>ooths  round  about  tbe  church,  and  there  feast  and  eotef- 
tain  themselves  with  eating  and  drtnliins  in  lieu  of  thdr 
.indent  sacrifices  while  they  were  heathens.  The  Ger- 
mana  called  these  feasts  Kgrekatxdta,  at  chorch-liuula— . 
hence,  church-waka. 


4«»  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


239 


"  Jesua  cotea"  and  "Tormeteria  cotes"  evidently 
refer  to  the  garments  used  by  those  who  acted  in 
the  miracle  plays  of  the  period.  These  were  pro- 
bably used  in  the  mystery  of  *'  Christ's  Descent 
into  Hell/'  The  Coventry  mystery  of  this  subject 
consisted  of  only  six  verses  (Cotton  MS.,  Pageant 
xxidii.).  But  Hone  says  the  Chester  mystery  of 
the  same  (Harl.  MS.  2124)  is  a  tedious  para- 
phrase of  circumstances  in  the  Gospel  of  Nico- 
demus.  This  gospel,  in  Anglo-Saxon  by  ^Elfric, 
Abbot  of  St.  Alban's  in  the  year  050,  was  pub- 
lished by  Dr.  Hickes  at  Oxford  in  1G98.  In 
Piers  Ploughman's  l^ision  is  im  elaborate  descrip- 
tion of  Christ's  descent  into  hell.  Heame  gives 
a  print  from  an  ancient  drawing  representing  Our 
Lord  visiting  hell.  Dr.  Johnson  mentions  this  as 
an  early  instance  of  aroint — a  word  used  twice  by 
Shakespeare.  A  devil  is  represented  saying  to 
Our  Lord,  **out,  out,  ai-onyty  Some  extracts, 
from  a  parish  account  book  of  Chelmsford,  1557- 
1668,  will  sliow  how  well  '*  mynstrelles "  and 
players  were  taken  care  of.  In  an  '*  Inventory  of 
thegoods  remaynyng  in  the  Churche,"  about  thirty 
various  dresses  are  given ;  one  item  is  "  iij  sloppea 
for  devils":  — 

•*  1562. — Paid  unto  the  mynstrells  for  the  Show  day  & 
for  the  Playe  daye,  xx».        ' 

It"  paid  unto  Burtonwoodc  for  ther  meat  &  drinke,  x». 

It"  paid  unto  the  Trumpetur  for  his  paync?,  x». 

It"  paid  unto  VV.  Hervet  for  makin^e  the  vices  coote 
&  iomet  of  borders,  &  a  jerken  of  borders,  xv». 

It"  paid  to  Xrofer  for  writtinge  seven  partes,  ij». 

It"  p**  to  John  Lokyer  for  makynge  of  iii  shephoks,  & 
for  iron  work  that  Burle  occupcd  for  the  hell,  iiij*. 

It"  for  the  Mynstrells  soper  a  Saterday  at  nyght,  ij". 

It"  for  ther  breakfaste  on  Sonday  mornynge',  ij». 

It"  for  ther  dynners  on  Sondaye,  ij». 

It"  to  John  Wright  for  makynge  a  cotte  of  hther  for 
OuiMtCf  xvj«*. 

It"  for  one  doz.  Spanyshe  whiphte,  vj''. 

It"  for  vj  doz.  golde  foile,  iij«  vi'*. 

It"  for  fyftie  fadamc  of  lyne  for  the  clowdes,  xii**. 

It"  for  read  wyne  vineg%  i  possett,  iiii**." 

Among  the  receipts  for  the  year  1563  are  many 
entries  showing  that  the  men  of  Saffron  Walden, 
Colchester,  Baddow,  &c.,  hired  the  dresses  at 
Various  times.  In  1576  it  appears  they  sold  all 
Ihe  copes  and  other  vestments  in  the  church,  and 
"the  players'  coats,  jerkins,  gowns,  "heares  [wigs], 
cappes,  herds,  jornetts,  mantells  &  capes,"  for 
**vj"xuj»  lUJ**." 

In  the  Dunmow  parish  accounts  we  iind  they 
liad  pageants  at  the  May  and  Corpus  Christi 
feast,  as  well  as  the  Lord  of  Misrule  at  Christ- 
mas. People  from  the  neighbouring  parishes  came 
to  witness  these,  and  a  good  deal  of  money  was 
collected.  The  plays  ended  about  the  year  154^0. 
At  one  of  the  Corpus  Christi  feasts  the  church- 
warden bought  two  calves  and  three  sheep  (cost- 
ing 6s.)  for  the  feast,  and  at  the  same  time  paid — 

**  to  the  Mynstrels 0    8 

to  Aver  of  Chelmsford  for  players'  garments, 

and  carrying  the  same      .        .        .        .20 
to  our  players 6    8" 


Mr.  Walcott  says  the  earliest  notice  of  a  nuracle 

nlay  occurs  in  the  history  of  St.  Alban*s  Abbey. 

Matthew  Paris  tells  us  of  a  disaster  which  befell 

Geoffrey,  a  schoolmaster  of  Dunstable,  who  had 

recently  arrived  from  Normandy,  and  was  looking^ 

forward  to  become  the  head  of  the  conventuiS 

school  of  St.  Alban's :  — 

"  He  represented  the  plav  of  St.  Katharine,  which  we 
commonly  call  miracles,  and  he  borrowed  of  the  sacristaa 
of  St.  Alban's  the  use  of  the  choral  copes  to  lend  it 
ornament." 

A  fire  ensued,  and  the  copes  were  burned ;  but 
Geoffrey  offered  himself  as  a  novice  in  lieu  of 
them;  and  he  eventually  became  Abbot  of  St, 
Alban's,  where  he  died  1146. 

Robert  Baston,  a  Carmelite  friar  of  Scarborough, 
who  accompanied  Edward  II.  to  the  siege  of 
Stirling  Castle,  was  the  author  of  tragedies  and 
comedies,  none  of  which  are  extant.  Archbishop 
Langton  and  Bishop  Grostete  of  Lincoln,  in  the 
thirteenth  century,  composed  plays  in  Norman 
French.  In  the  fourteenth  century,  the  choristers- 
of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  petitioned  Richard  II. 
not  to  allow  inexpert  persons  to  perform  play  a 
near  there. 

I  will  conclude  this  long  note  by  a  quotation 
(given  by  Walcott)  from  a  poem  translated  front 
the  French,  in  the  twelfth  century,  by  Robert 
Manning,  a  Gilbertine  canon  of  Brunne,  Lincoln- 
shire, which  shows  well  the  connection  betweea 
the  miracle  play  and  the  liturgical  drama :  — 

"  Hy t  ys  forbode  hym  yn  the  decre 
Myracles  for  to  make  or  se ; 
For  myracles  zyf  you  becynne, 
Hyt  ys  a  gadei^'nt  a  syght  of  synne. 
He  may  yn  the  cherche,  thurgh  thys  resun. 
Play  the  Resnrreccyun, 
That  is  to  saye,  how  God  rose ; 
And  he  may  playe  wythoutyn  plyght, 
How  God  was  bore  y^  thole  nyglit," 

The  word  licherid,  quoted  by  your  correspon- 
dent, means,  I  think,  the  death-ground  or  church- 
yard. John  Piggot,  Jun.,  F.S.A. 

The  Elms,  Ulting,  Maldon. 


HORACE,  CARM.  L  28. 
(^^  S.  iv.  112,  181.) 

The  decay  in  my  sight  having  made  writing  a 
rather  painful  exercise  to  me,  I  had  resolved  to 
abstain  from  all  controversy.  Accordingly  I  took 
no  notice  of  the  flippant,  I  might  add  ignorant^ 
reply  made  last  year  to  my  attempts  to  remove  a 
difficulty  from  one  of  the  Gospels.  But  with. 
Mr.  Tew  the  case  is  vddely  different ;  for  he  al- 
ways writes  like  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman,  and 
not  .to  answer  him  would  seem  to  be  like  ac- 
knowledging a  defeat.  I  will,  however,  be  aa 
brief  as  possible. 

I  beg,  then,  to  inform  him  that  the  eclogues  of 
Virgil  that  I  had  chiefly  in  yiew  were  the  fifth 


240 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«k  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69. 


and  eighth,  which  Professor  Oonington  styles  ''  a 
8pecies  of  amoebaDan,"  so  that  I  had  authority  for 
the  term  I  used.  The  17th  epode,  I  may  ob- 
serve, is  not  to  the  purpose,  for  the  epodes  are 
not  lyrical,  not  being  in  stanzas  like  the  odes, 
which  were  all  intended  to  be  sung. 

I  am  greatly  afraid  that  Mr.  Tew  has  only  the 
ordinary  English  knowledge  of  mythology ;  that 
is  to  say,  next  to  none.  The  only  persons  I  have 
known  who  really  understood  it  were,  the  Bishop 
of  St.  David^s  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Kenrick.  I  am 
fully  sure,  then,  that  he  has  never  read  my  Myth- 
ology— the  only  work  of  any  value  on  the  subject 
in  our  language,  at  least  in  the  opinion  of  Welcker. 
If  he  had,  he  surely  would  not  have  said  that  Virgil 
"  was  only  refemng  to  the  popular  mythology  " 
in  his  account  of  Dido ;  for  the  Homan  religion 
knew  nothing  of  Proserpine,  and  this  is  the  most 
inactive  of  deities  in  the  creed  of  Greece.  1  look 
on  Virgil  himself  as  the  inventor  of  the  notion 
in  question,  and  the  only  way  I  can  account  for 
it  is  this.  In  the  Alcestis  of  Euripides,  Death 
i&difQtros)  performs  this  office,  and  as  death  in 
Latin  is  feminine,  and  it  knew  nothing  of  such  a 
deity  as  Mors,  Virgil  may  have  bestowed  the 
office  on  Proserpine,  in  which  he  was  followed  by 
Statins  and  by  this  interpolator,  whom  I  must 
regard  as  a  mere  conceited  pedant,  who  fancied 
he  could  add  to  the  beauties  of  Horace.  His 
additions  to  the  odes — for  he  only  added,  never 
altered — amount,  in  my  opinion,  to  something 
like  a  hundred  lines.  By  tne  way,  can  Mr.  Tew 
explain  the  historical  allusions  in  this  worthy's 
stanzas  (3  and  4)  in  iii.  6,  or  name  the  parts  of 
the  Mediterranean  or  the  Atlantic  from  which 
the  ^^thiopian  fleets  issued  that  filled  Rome  with 
terror  ?  Can  he  make  any  tolerable  sense  of  the 
eleventh  stanza  in  iv.  4  ?  I  think,  after  all,  that 
^Ir.  Tew  will  have  his  supporters,  and  I  mmc,  the 
last  few  indeed  in  proportion. 

Thomas  Keightley. 


VELOCIPEDES. 
(4'»»  S.   iv.    121.) 

The  name  of  these  carriages  is  not  new.  The 
first  velocipede  that  I  remember  was  one  used  at 
Skipton,  in  Craven,  by  Mr.  Fitzowen,  the  "  walk- 
ing gentleman  "  in  the  Bradford  theatrical  circuit. 
This  was  about  1818;  and  the  horse  and  his 
rider  afforded  no  little  fun  to  the  boys  at  the 
grammar  school.  Fitzowen  was  a  good-natured 
man,  and  he  often  indulged  me  and  my  associates 
with  a  "try.'*  The  vehicle  was  popularly  called 
a  "  dandy-horse."  It  was  without  treddles,  and 
exactly  like  the  toy  velocipedes  now  used  by 
children — ^just  such  a  concern  as  the  accidental 
one  described  by  Mr.  Bates. 

The  book  alluded  to  by  Mr.  Bates  was,  I  think, 
the  one  known  as  The  Dandy  Book,    It  was  a 


little  quarto,  vdth  a  coloured  plate  to  each  verse. 

The  subject  was  — 

<* .        .        .        .        a  party  and  treat, 
By  Doctor  Pillblister, 
And  Betsy  his  sister. 
Who  lived  in  Great  Chamomile  Street" 

That  is  the  only  portion  I  remember.  All  the 
guests  were  dandies  (male  and  female).  Whether 
any  one  arrived  on  a  dandy-horse  I  cannot  call  to 
mind,  nor  have  I  any  recollection  of  a  velocipedal 
plate.  The  narrative  was  by  no  means  void  of 
humour ;  it  was  probably  suggested  by  the  French 
chanson — "  Va-t-en  voir  s'ils  viennent,  Jean !  " 

The  original  velocipede  was  attacked  in  the 
medical  journals,  and  Sir  Astley  Cooper  in  one  of 
his  lectures  asserted  that  cases  of  rupture  had 
occurred  from  its  use.  The  old  saying,  '*  Give  a 
dog  a  bad  name  and  hang  him,"  was  soon  exem- 
plified, and  fear  caused  the  dandy -horse  to  be 
laid  aside.  I  trust  that  the  improved  vehicle  is 
not  liable  to  the  same  charge.  A  monsteigpar- 
riage  is  at  present  astonishing  the  inhabitants  of 
Lausanne.  It  has  three  wheels — two  of  them  of 
immense  size.  There  is  room  for  four  persons. 
The  machinery  is  worked  by  the  hands  of  two 
individuals,  one  in  front  and  one  behind.  The 
feet  are  not  used,  and  the  Swiss  inventor  styles 
his  carriage  a  velocimane.  The  wheels  are  set  in 
motion  by  handles  moved  in  grooves,  like  those 
to  the  bellows  of  an  organ.  There  are  three 
handles :  one  for  the  small  wheel,  and  two  for  the 
great  ones.  The  veloctmane  goes  along  at  a  great 
speed,  and  does  not  appear  to  oscillate  in  the 
least — in  which  respect  it  has  an  evident  advan- 
tage over  the  bycicle. 

The  word  dmidy — either  from  the  French  dm^ 

din  =  a  silly  fellow  or  coxcomb,  or  from  dindofif 

a  turkey — was  probably  known  in  England  and 

Ireland  long  anterior  to  dandyism.    The  air  of 

Moore's  song  of  "Eveleen's  JBower,"   although 

taken  by  him  from  "Pretty  Peggy  of  Derby,  Ol" 

was  used  also  to  a  song  with  a  chorus  — 

"  We'll  take  a  little  sup 
For  to  keep  our  spirits  up  : 
A  little  drop  o'  whisky  is  the  Dandy,  0  I  ** 

The  air  of  "The  Young  Mav  Moon  "  is  that  of 
a  song  called  "The  Dandy,  O!"  As  the  metre  is 
not  the  same  as  that  of  " Eveleen's Bower,"  "The 
Dandy,  0 ! "  must  have  been  a  different  song  to 
the  one  quoted  above. 

The  bantam  cock  was  probably  the  original 
English  and  Irish  dandy,  and  the  proud  little 
bird  may  have  derived  his  name  from  dindon,  a 
turkey.  AVe  all  know  the  proverb,  "  He  struts 
like  a  turkey-cock."  It  is  easy  to  conceive  the 
transference  of  the  term  from  the  conceited  fowl 
to  the  equally  ridiculous  two-legged  biped.  The 
"  dandy,  0 !  '*  of  the  songsters  seems  to  signify  the 
summit  of  conviviality,  and  to  be  equivalent  to 
the  slang  expression,  "That's  the  ticket  for  soup." 


4*«»  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


241 


To  these  notes  I  may  very  appropriately  append 
Josh  Billings's  remarks  on  a  velocipede.  Josh  is 
the  worthy  successor  of  Major  Longbow  and 
other  American  humorists :  — 

*'  It  don't  take  much  stuff  to  build  a  filosipede.  I  am 
bold  tew  say  that  a  man  could  make  one  ov'  'em  out  of  a 
cingle  old  plank,  and  then  hev  enough  atuflf  left  over  to 
splinter  broken  limbs,  or  make,  perhaps,  a  corfin.  A 
filosipede  can't  stand  alone,  and  that  single  fact  is  enuff 
to  condemn  the  thinfj  in  mi  eye.  I  don't  want  to  hev 
anythiufj  to  do  with  any  hopeless  critter  that  can't  stand 
alone,  unless,  I  mi<^ht  add,  it  is  a  purt}'  woman  going  for 
to  faint.  I  don't  think  it  will  ever  get  intew  gineral  use 
among  farmers,  az  it  haz  no  conveniences  for  a  hay 
riggin,  nor  even  a  place  to  strap  a  trunk;  and  az  tew 
going  tew  church  on  it,  tlie  family  would  hev  t«w  go  one 
at  a  time,  and  the  rest  walk.  So,  of  course,  the  thing  is 
killed  in  that  direction." 

Should  Mr.  Billings  ever  come  across  the  velo- 
cimaue,  he  may  perhaps  change  his  opinion  as  to 
the  ''  church-going."  Stephen  Jackson. 


^  ROCOCO. 

(4»'»  S.  iv.  158.) 

There  are  many  words  in  everyday  use  with 
whosf*  meaning  we  think  ourselves  acquainted, 
but  respecting  which  our  actual  knowledge  is  but 
superficial.  Of  this  kind  the  word  rococo  was 
till  now  to  myself,  and  I  think  it  is  likely  to  be  so 
to  others. 

On  reading  the  query  of  N.  K.'s  I  turned  to  the 

first  book  at  hand,  viz.  Chambers's  Dictionary,  and 

there  I  found  as  follows  :  — 

"  Rococo. — A  name  given  to  the  verj'  debased  style 
of  architecture  and  doeuration  whicli  succeeded  the  first 
revival  of  Italian  architecture.  It  is  ornamental  design 
run  mad,  without  principle  or  taste.  This  style  prevailed 
in  (krmany  and  Belgium  during  the  last  century,  and 
in  France  during  the  time  of  Ilenrv  IV." 

T^et  me  give  due  praise  to  the  compilers  of  this 
excellent  work,  which  is  a  mine  of  mformation. 
I  fully  recognise  its  merits  ;  but  here  both  writer 
and  engraver  are  quite  in  the  dark.  The  cut 
illustrating  tlie  article  represents  a  very  debased 
classical  style,  which,  both  in  contours  and  in  its 
leading  features,  is  quite  different  from  what 
(though  it  sfn^nis  a  paradox)  may  be  properly 
called  ])urr  ilococo.  In  tliis  cut  will  be  seen 
plentv  (if  li  )riz()ntal  and  perpendicular  lines, 
whereas  the  one  ^rrcat  rule  of  genuine  Ilococo  is 
to  have  no  straight  lines  at  all. 

The  style  nained  ^'  Kocaco  "  sprang  into  exist- 
ance  in  tJie  timo  of  Louis  XV.  It  is  often  called 
the  *•  Style  r«)nipadour."  Its  name  is  a  capriccio, 
compounded  of  tlie  words  rocaillv  =  rockwork, 
and  coijuil'c  =  a  sludl,  both  of  which  arranged 
in  every  variety  of  curved  and  flowing  outline 
(never  straight)  give  the  peculiar  and  character- 
istic feature  of  the  style, — not  easily  described  in 
writing,  but  well  known  to  all  art-amateurs,  and 


easily  recognisable  when  once  seen  and  under- 
stood. 

In  the  woodcut  and  article  mentioned  above^ 
the  word  rococo  is  merely  synonymous  with  the 
phrase  "  in  bad  taste."  How  came  it  to  be  so 
loosely  used  ?  In  this  way.  The  Grecian  fashion 
of  the  Consulate  and  Empire  prevailed  at  the 
beginning  of  the  present  century ;  and  in  this  hori- 
zontal and  perpendicular  lines  largely  predomi- 
nate, though,  as  before  observed,  both  are  quite 
adverse  to  the  flowing  curves  of  the  Rococo. 
Everything  that  displeased  the  classical  eye  was 
of  course  tasteless  and  hideous,  and  in  this  cate- 
gory the  graceful  and  pretty  fashion  of  Louis  XV. 
and  the  debased  pillars  and  pediments  of  Henry 
IV.  were  equally  confounded.  It  is,  I  know, 
difficult  to  settle  the  tastes  of  different  persons ; 
but  for  myself  I  agree  with  the  opinion  expressed 
in  the  following  extract  from  the  work  of  an 
eminent  French  artist,  in  which  he  both  describes 
and  does  justice  to  the  much-despised  Rococo :  — 

'*  Le  gofit  public,  en  se  ddtachant  da  grand  et  noble 
pour  se  porter  sur  le  commode  et  lo  joli,  op^rait  une  trans- 
formation tr^-sensible  des  arts,  et  le  meme  esprit  de 
reaction  qui  s'^tait  fait  sentir  dans  les  mccurs  et  dans  les 
lettres  par  d'dtrangcs  ecarts  se  manifesta  dans  toutes  les 
parties  de  la  decoration  par  ce  style  capricieux,  Idger, 
fol&tre,  qui  serablait  ne  vouloir  plus  admettre  nulle  part 
la  ligne  droite,  et  afiectait  de  lui  substituer  partout,  et  aans 
les  d(^tails  d'architectare  et  dans  les  meubles  de  tonte 
espece,  la  ligne  voluptueasement  ondulc'e  et  recoquill^ 
par  intervalles.  Ce  fut  ce  qu*on  appela  depuis,  avec  nn 
profond  sentiment  de  dddain,  le  Style  Pompadour  et  le 
Style  Rocaille  ou  Ilococo;  d^dain  fort  deplac^,  chez  nous 
du  moins,  car  si  les  oeavres  n^es  sous  cette  inspiration 
portent  I'empreinte  d'une  licence  un  peu  bizar]%  elles  ont 
aussi  par  excellence  cette  tournure  spirituelle  et  d^gag^ 
que  nous  aimons  k  reg^arder  comme  essentiellement  fran- 
^aise,  et  qui  Test  en  effet.  Si  Ton  cherche  d'aprfes  quels 
principes  les  artistes  dc  ce  temps  sc  guidaient,  on  recon- 
nait,  a  travers  le  ddsordre  apparent  de  leur  fantaisie, 
qu'ils  s'attachaient  de  preference  aux  formes  et  aux  con- 
tours qu'ils  croyaient  les  plus  agrdables  h  la  vue  et  meme 
au  toucher ;  dans  les  appartements,  ils  r^pudiaient  avec 
raison  les  formes  angulcuscs;  ils  avaicut  trcs-bien  com- 

f)ris  qu'^  rint^rieur  on  ne  saurait  affecter  Ic^  masses  et 
es  saillies,  qui  sont  le  propre  de  la  pierre,  et  doivent 
etre  reserv^es  pour  le  dehors.  Sans  doute,  dans  leurs  de- 
corations interieures,  tons  les  principes  de  Tart  de  batir 
et  les  regies  du  bon  goiit  ne  sont  pas  toujours  respect^s ; 
mais  on  doit  y  constater  une  vdri table  harmonic :  les 
vousaures  du  plafond,  les  lambris  sculpt^s,  les  chcminees, 
les  glaces,  la  menuiserie  des  portes  et  des  panneaux,  les 
meubles  meme,  sont  bien  les  differentes  parties  d'un  seal 
tout,  qui,  n  d^faut  de  cette  perfection  si  rare  dans  les 
ocuvres  d'art,  ne  laisse  pas  de  produire  un  effet  satisfaisant 
par  Tunitc  du  style." 

E.  X. 

The  ^^rrnse  meaning  of  this  word,  as  requested 
by  N.  K.,  is  not  easy  to  define.  Brande  &  Cox's 
Dictionary  of  Science,  Literature,  and  Art,  how- 
ever, gives  the  following  definition,  part  of  which 
I  coTpy  /aide  de  mieiLV: — 

"It  has  been  especially  applied  to  those  tormented 
decorations  of  the  period  of  Louis  XIY.  and  Louis  XY. 


242 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»»  S.  rv.  Sept.  18,  '69. 


which  have  become  as  much  the  objects  of  horror  to  the 
architects  of  the  present  day  as  they  were  once  the 
fashion.  Interrupted  pediments,  columns  made  stouter 
at  the  top  than  they  are  at  the  bottom,  broken  curves 
and  ornaments  tortured  in  every  shape  and  style,  con- 
stitute the  picturesque  but  illogical  style  generally  known 
as  the  Rococo,** 

Junior  Athenajum  Club.  ALFRED  STRONG. 


FIVE  EGGS. 


(4»'»  S.  iii.  504,  610.) 

John  Heywood  has  an  epigram  upon  this  phrase, 
which  unfortunately  (after  the  manner  of  old 
epigrams)  does  little  towards  explaining  its  mean- 
ing:— 

"  He  cumth  in  with  his  V  egges,  what  egges  to  call  ? 
Hen  egges,  goose  egges,  or  duckc  egges,  nay  dawes 
egges  all."  Spenser  Society  ReprirU,  p.  167. 

In  his  Dialoffue,  S)-c.,  however  (Part  ii.  chap,  i.), 
he  uses  the  proverb  in  a  way  exactly  like  that  in 
which  it  occurs  in  the  Utopia.  A  great  many 
speakers  are  expressing  their  opinions  upon  one 
subject.  Sir  Tnomas  More's  scene  is  a  privy- 
council  where  the  discussion  is  on  the  politics  of 
France  and  Italy;  John  Heywood's  scene  is  a 
marriage-feast  where  the  subject  of  talk  is  the 
old  widow-bride.    The  lines  run  thus :  — 

"  I  suppose  that  daie  hir  eares  might  well  glow, 
For  all  the  townc  talkt  of  hir  hy  and  low. 
One  saide,  a  well  fauourd  old  woman  she  is. 
The  diuell  she  is  saide  an  other  .  and  to  this, 
In  came  the  thyrde,  with  his  .V.  egges,  and  sayde, 
Fyfky  yere  ago'  I  knew  hir  a  tnrm  ma3'de. 
What  euer  she  were  than  (sayd  one),"  &c. 

Mr.  William  Bates's  reference,  through  Dib- 
din,  to  the  proverbial  phrase  in  Winter's  Tale 
(i.  2),  is  very  apposite.  The  notes  in  the  Vtxri- 
arum  Shakespeare  (1821)  prove  beyond  a  doubt 
that  "to  take  eggs  for  money"  means^  to  consent 
to  receive  worthless  eggs  instead  of  coin ;  to  put 
up  with  cheating  and  insult ;  to  give  in  and  knock 
under.  A  French  passage  (1593),  and  its  English 
translation  (1630),  are  worth  quoting  in  illustra- 
tion of  this  "  eggs-for- money ''  phrase^  before  I 
pass  on  again  to  the  ''  five  eggs  "  :  — 

'*  L'infanterie  firan<^oise  escaramouche  bravement  de 
loin  et  la  cavellerie  a  une  furieuse  brut^  k  I'affront ;  puis 
apres  qu*elle  s'accomode." 

"  The  French  infanterie  skirmisheth  bravely  afarre  off, 
and  cavallery  gives  a  furious  onset  at  the  first  charge ; 
but  after  the  first  heat  they  will  take  eggs  for  their 
money." 

Something  might  be  said  on  the  connection  of 
eggs  with  money.  Cicero,  somewhere  in  his  De 
IHvinationej  tells  a  good  story  of  a  dream  of  an 
®^& ;  where  the  oneirocritic  interprets  the  white 
to  mean  silver,  and  the  yolk  gold,  and  keeps  the 
discovered  gold  for  his  pains.  And  the  goose  that 
laid  golden  eggs  cackles  her  death-song  in  many 
languages. 

But  the  notion  of  the  worthlessness  of  eggs^ 


when  compared  with  money,  seems  to  me  to 
come  not  improbably  from  the  sign  of  zero— *'  the 
poor  cypher  in  agrum  "  (which  may^  nevertheless, 
^'stana  in  rich  place'').  I  have  often  Heard 
'*  duck's-egg  "  used  to  designate  a  0  in  a  cricket- 


score. 


Dibdin's  interpretation  of  the  Utopia  passage^ 
ingenious  as  it  is,  must  be  given  up,  1  think, 
when  the  phrase  is  compared  with  that  in  Hey- 
wood's Dialogue.  There  can  be  no  reference  to 
"  a  paltry  subsidy  or  bribe  "  in  the  latter. 

It  seemed  to  me  at  first,  as  I  looked  through 
Arber's  reprint  of  the  Utopia,  that  the  "  V.  eggs  " 
was  used  contemptuously  of  the  speaker,  pointing 
to  the  worthlessness  of  his  counsel  But  in  fact 
his  counsel  is  as  astute  as  that  of  the  rest ;  and 
More  himself  speaks  of  those  councillors  as  '^  noble 
and  wyse  menne."  So  in  Heywood's  Dialogue 
(though  the  "  dawes  egges  "  of  his  epigram  favours 
my  hasty  notion),  the  third  speaker  states  simply 
a  fact,  and  not  twaddle. 

A  classical  friend  next  suggested  that  tj||ere 
might  be  some  reference  to  the  seven  ova  orthe 
Circus.  Heywood's  line,  with  its  third  speaker 
(7  minus  2),  mi^ht  have  upheld  him,  but  More's 
number  of  councillors  certainly  did  not. 

After  all,  I  think  that  "  commeth  in  with  his 
fine  egges "  means,  simply,  "  comes  in  with  his 
contribution  "  to  the  subject  in  hand — brings  his 
"  scraps  "  to  the  "  great  feast  of  languages,"  to  the 
"very  fantastical  banquet  of  strange  dishes." 
There  may  be  a  slight  nint  at  the  shabbiness  of 
the  contribution  to  the  conversation-picnic,  but 
not  necessarily  so.  The  number  five  I  take  to 
point  to  the  five  wits. 

Cotgrave  has  a  proverb  (under  cetif)  which, 
though  it  certainly  has  no  connection  with  our 
phrase,  may  be  quoted,  because  of  the  num- 
ber five :  — 

"  Un  ocuf  n*est  rien ;  deux  sont  grand  bien  ;  trois 
c*est  assez ;  quatre  c*est  trop ;  cinq  c'est  la  mort." 

John  Addis,  M.A. 

P.S.  I  find  in  Hazlitt  two  proverbs  which  are 
connected  with  our  "  V  eggs  "  :  — 

"  You  come  with  your  five  eggs  a  penny,  and  four  of 
them  are  rotten." 

"  1  would  not  have  your  cackling  for  your  eggs." 


STOXEHENGE  AND  CARXAC. 

(4»»»  S.  iv.  58,  161.) 

Canon  Jackson's  account  of  the  erection  of 
Carnac  is  only  equalled  by  that  told  by  Geoffrey 
of  Monmouth  about  Stonehenge.  I  may  give  it 
here,  as  translated  into  English  poetry,  by  llobert 
of  Gloucester:  — 

"  Sire  King,  quoth  Merlin  tho,  gef  thou  wolt  here  caste 
In  the  honour  of  men,  a  work  that  ever  schall  ylaste, 
To  the  hul  of  kylar  send  in  to  Yrlond, 
Aftur  the  noble  stones  that  there  habbet  lenge  ystonde; 


4tt  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


243 


That  was  the  treche  of  giandes,  for  a  quoynto  work 

ther  ys 
Of  stones  al  wy th  art  ymad,  in  the  world  siich  non  ys. 
Nether  nys  nothing  that  me  scholdo  myd  streugthe 

adoune  cast. 
Stode  hco  here,  as  he  doth  there  ever  a  wolde  last. 
The  King  j<omdele  to  lyghe,  tho  he  lierde  this  tale. 
How  mvgte,  he  seyde,  suche  stones  so  grete  and  so 

fale', 
Be  ybmgt  of  so  fer  lond  ?     And  get  mist  of  were, 
Me  wolde  wene,  that  in  this  loude  no  ston  to  wonke 

nerc. 
Syre  King,  quoth  Merlin,  ne  make  noght  an  ydel  such 

lyghyng. 
For  yt  nys  an  ydel  noght  that  ich  tell  this  tv-thyng. 
For  in  tlie  farrest  stude  of  AtFric  giands  while  fette 
Thike  stones  for  medyc^-ne  and  in  Yrlond  hem  sette. 
While  Iico  wonenden  in  Yrlond  to  make  here  bathes 

there. 
Ther  undir  for  to  bathi  wen  thei  syk  were. 
For  heo  wuld  the  stones  wasch  and  ther  enne  bath  ywis. 
For  y.s  no  stone  ther  among  that  of  gret  vertu  nys. 
The  Kyug  and  ys  conseil  radde  the  stones  forto  tetle, 
And  with  gret  power  of  batail  gef  any  more  hem  lette, 
Uter,  the  Kings  brother,  that  Ambrose  hett  also, 
Aanotlier  name  yehose  was  therto. 
And  flfteene  thousandt  men  this  dede  for  to  do, 
And  Merlin  or  his  quointire  thider  went  also." 


In  the  Uasaj/s  on  ReJitfion  and  Liter aturCy  pub- 
lished a  few  years  ago  by  Dr.  Manning,  there  is 
one  on  the  *' Truth  of  supposed  Legends  and 
Fables,"  written  by  the  late  Cardinal  Wiseman. 
In  it,  the  Cardinal  fully  declares  the  truth  of  the 
fable  of  St.  Ursula  and  her  eleven  thousand  vir- 
gins, and,  with  a  great  deal  of  ability,  he  succeeds 
in  establishing  tlie  story  to  his  own  satisfaction. 
But  I  must  confess  that  I  never  saw  any  paper 
which  reveals  so,  by  its  internal  evidence,  that  it 
"was  written  by  an  able  man  oppressed  by  the 
most  tremendous  difficulties. 

Leaving  St.  Undecimilla  out  of  the  question, 
the  best  solution  of  tlie  fable  is  told  by  a  Hano- 
verian 's\Titer  named  Schade,  who,  in  a  work 
entitled  Die  Sage  von  dvr  heiligen  Ursula  und  den 
11,000  Jfoif/frauenj  clearly  proves  that  St.  Ursula 
18  only  a  lioman  version  of  an  ancient  German 
pagan  goddess  named  Rehalennia,  of  whom  the 
mythological  account  fully  explains  the  silly  fable. 

With  respect  to  Carnac,  1  spent  six  weeks  there 
^  the  autumn  of  1804,  carefully  inspecting  the 
place,  and  the  conclusion  I  came  to  at  the  last, 
^d  to  which  I  still  with  many  others  hold,  is, 
^at  it  is  not  the  work  of  the  hand  of  man  at  all, 
*^Jit  it  is  neither  more  nor  less  than  a  geological 
Phenomenon. 

1  have  carefully  inspected  also  a  much  greater 
^umed  work  of  man  in  France.  It  is  the  valley 
j^f  the  Seille,  in  Lorraine.  For  a  space  of  twelve 
leagues  in  length  this  valley  is  laid  with  masses 
<^*  80-called  burnt  clay,  in  which  the  finger-marks 
^f  the  burners  are  said   to   be   plainly   visible: 


thus  constructed,  upon  which  are  built  the  towns 
of  Sant-Die,  Marsal,  Vie,  Moyenvie,  and  Saline. 
But,  without  taking  any  account  of  its  depth, 
taking  the  great  wall  of  China  as  a  standard,  the 
platform  of  the  valley  of  the  Seille  would  reach 
thirty-six  thousand  miles.  This  place,  however, 
has  not  had  the  advantage  of  having  either  a  magi- 
cian or  a  saint  for  a  sponsor,  and  so  it  is  compara- 
tively imknown. 

Now  there  are  two  works  in  this  country  that 
almost  everybody  has  seen.   They  are  the  parallel 
roads  of  Glenroy  in  the  Highlands,  and  the  Giants' 
Causeway  in  Ireland.    Both  of  these  exhibit  ten 
times  more  of  the  apparent  design  of  man  than  is 
to  be  seen  either  at  Carnac  or  La  Seille ;  but  who 
would  dare  to  say  that  either  were  other  than 
curious  geological  formations  P    I  have  not  seen 
them,  but  all  the  world  is  told  of  two  stone  vil- 
lages, named  Aldersbach  and  Weckelsdorf,    in 
Bohemia.    These  two  places  are  six  miles  apart, 
and  are  nothing  but  huge  stones,  to  which  tnose 
of  Carnac  are  mere  dwarfs.    They  are  arranged 
in  streets,  squares,  churches,  and  even  busts.   The 
peasantry  tell  rude  stories  of  saints  and  enchanters 
connected  with  them,  but  no  educated  man  doubts 
that  they  are  merely  a  geological  formation. 

William  Pinkekton. 

Hounslow. 


EniOT2i02  (4}^  S.  iv.  216.)  —With  permission 
I  will  add  as  rider  to  my  query  on  this  word, 
that  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  version  of  the  Lord's 
Prayer,  supposed  to  have  been  written  by  Eardul- 
fus.  Bishop  of  Lindisfame  or  King  Alfred,  about 
the  close  of  the  ninth  century,  the  clause  is  thus 
rendered,  Ujien  hlap  opeji  pipche  pel  uf  co  baej. 

Edmiind  Tew,  M.A. 

Crowned  Heads  mabbying  Sisters  (4***  S.  iv. 

96,  180.) — To  the  instances  already  adduced  may 

be  added  the  following : — 

"  Dukes  of  Holstein-Beck,  Auguste-Philippe. 
•<  1627.  II  avait  ^pous^,  1°  le  15  ianvior  1645,  Claire, 
fiUe  d'Antoine,  comte  d'Oldenbour^-Delmenhorst,  morte 
le  19  Janvier  1647  ;  2°  en  juin  1649,  Sidonie,  soeur  de 
sa  premiere  femme,  morte  en  coaches  Tan  1G50." — From 
UArt  de  verifier  les  dates,  xvi.  305. 

The  following  official  communication  from  the 
Grand-ducal  Consistory  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz 
may  also  be  interesting  in  connection  with  the 
inquiry  of  C.  H.  M. : — 

"  Neustrelitz,  30  Dec  1861. 

"  The  marriage  with  a  sister  of  a  deceased  wife  is,  since 
the  time  of  the  Reformation,  prohibited  by  law  in  these 
lands. 

"The  Grand-dacal  Consistory  Court,  however,  upon 
demand  of  the  parties  concerned,  grant,  bj-  way  of  dis- 
pensation from  this  Jaw,  as  a  matter  of  course,  the  per- 
mission to  contract  such  a  marriage.  There  are  also  in 
our  law  other  cases  where,  to  a  marriage  legally  prohi- 
bited (as  between  cousins)  this  dispensation  claimed  ia 
never  refused. 

<*  The  marriages  with  the  sister  of  a  deceased  wife  are 


244 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  "69. 


not  at  all  infrequent  ones,  and  experience  does  not  in 
any  way  justify  an  opinion  that  such  marriages  are  less 
happy  than  others  on  account  of  the  near  connection 
before  marriage. 

*''0n  the  contrarv,  in  cases  where  the  widower  has 
children  of  tlie  lirst  marriage,  the  near  blood-relationship 
of  the  step-mother,  as  aunt  of  the  step  children,  contri- 
butes, as  experience  shows,  materially  to  make  the  posi- 
tion of  the  step-mother  that  of  the'  real  one,  avoiding 
thus  all  the  ditticulties  which  so  often  cause  differences 
in  second  marriages  between  step-children  and  step- 
mothers. Public  opinion,  which  feels  no  scruples  of  any 
kind  as  to  such  marriages,  approves  of  them  most  parti- 
colariy  when  there  are  young  children  of  a  first  mar- 
riage, as  giving  them,  in  the  sister  of  their  late  mother,  a 
second  loving  mother.  The  permission  to  such  marriages 
has  with  us  had  in  no  way  evil  consequences. 

"  Consistory  Court  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Mecklenburg. 

(Signed)  ,        K.  Ohl. 

(Countersigned)  Scharenbero." 

Our  own  royal  family  have  a  further  connection 
with  that  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  George  III. 
having  on  Sept.  8, 1761,  married  Sophia  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  Ch.  Fred.  Prince  of  Mecklenburg- 
Strelitz.     She  died  in  1818.  PniLALExnES. 

Douglas  Jerrold  and  BrRON  (4***  S.  iv.  53, 
126.) — ^Tho  same  fancy  is  expressed  in  Dr.  Donne's 
Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Lady  DanverSy  the  excel- 
lent mother  of  the  sainted  George  Herbert,  preached 
in  July,  1027,  where,  spealdng  of  her  second  mar- 
riage— namely,  to  Sir  John  Danvers — he  says: — 

"  I  would  not  consider  her  at  so  much  more  than  forty, 
nor  him  at  so  much  less  than  thirty,  at  that  time  ;  but 
as  their  persons  were  made  one,  and  their  fortunes  made 
one  by  marriage,  so  I  would  put  their  years  into  one 
number,  and,  fmding  a  sixty  between  them,  think  them 
thirty  a-piece ;  for  as  twins  of  one  hour  they  lived." — 
Donne^s  Devotions^  Sec,  edit.  1840,  p.  191. 

J.  w.  w. 

Benedictine  Hostels  at  Oxford  (4'**  S.  iv. 
172.) — Mr.  Walcott  in  describing  the  shield 
"  1 a  gritfiu  segreant,**  has  omitted  a  dif- 
ference which  may  enable  us  some  day  to  decide 
upon  the  name  of  the  person  by  whose  benefaction 
probably  these  rooms  were  built. 

The  gi-iffm  segreant  holds  in  the  claws  of  his 
left  hind  leg  a  large  roundlet.  I  take  this  to  be  a 
difference  of  the  person,  whoever  he  was.  I  am 
sorry  to  say  I  cannot  assign  his  name.  The  coat 
might  be  for  De  liedvers.  But  the  family  of  De 
Red  vers,  Earls  of  Devon,  had  ceased  in  the  male 
line  about  270  years  before  the  date  of  the  build- 
ing. That  long  interval  is  not  indeed  a  decisive 
reason  against  the  reappearance  of  a  coat  quar- 
tered by  the  house  of  Courtenay.  In  any  case 
the  roundlet  is  worth  the  attention  of  persons 
interested  in  the  history  of  ancient  differences — a 
part  of  heraldry  which  has  become  obscured 
among  us,  and  has  passed  out  of  consideration 
under  the  influence  of  the  comparatively  modem 
system  of  the  mjirks  of  cadency,  as  now,  and  for 
a  very  long  time  in  use  in  England. 


It  has  struck  me  when  I  have  been  observing 
the  shield  associated  with  Abbot  Compton's,  that 
the  charges  which  it  showed  were  not  cups  such 
as  appear  for  Butler  or  Argentine,  but  chalices. 

D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells.  » 

Eric  Mackat,  Seventh  Lord  Reat  (4**»  S.  iv. 
175.)_The  late  Sir  W.  M.  Townshend-Farquhar 
married  Erica  Kiitherine,  natural  daughter  of 
Eric,  seventh  Lord  Reay.  (See  Lodge's  Peerage 
and  Baronetage  for  1869.  G.  W.  l£, 

"  Richard  Pons,  called  Clifford  "  (4'*»  S.  iv. 
125.) — Hermentrude  will  find  the  true  origin  of 
the  Clifford  family  in  Eyton*s  History  of  Salop, 
V.  147.  Tewars. 

Byroniana  (4*''  S.  iv.  157.) — A  sequel  to  Don 
Juan  was,  I  think,  published  about  the  year  1831, 
by  a  mere  lad  named  George  W.  Baxter.    .    . 

M.A. 

Law  on  Homicide  (4"»  S.  iv.  160.)— In  a  MS. 
"  Dialogicall  Discourse  of  Marine  Affaires  "  pre- 
served in  the  Harleian  Collection  (No.  1341),  and 
quoted  in  a  foot-note  to  the  Diary  of  a  Naval 
Chaplain,  called  Henry  Teonge,  written  in  1675, 
to  illustrate  the  various  kinds  of  pimishments  on 
board  ship  in  those  days,  we  read :  — 

"  The  executions  and  capitall  punishments  I  finde  to  be 
thus  in  Queene  Elisabeth's  tyme  aborde  her  owne  shippes. 
If  anye  one  mann  killed  another,  he  was  to  be  bownde  to 
the  dead  mann  and  soe  thrown  intoe  the  sea,"  &c. 

Ja8.  Jenkins. 

Plymouth. 

Chowder  Party  (4**»  S.  iv.  157.)— Permit  me, 
if  no  States*  citizen  forestal  me,  to  give  my  un- 
derstanding of  this  term.  Choxoder  is  a  soup  or 
stew,  well  known  to  Boston  men,  and  is  com- 
posed of  fish,  bacon  or  pork,  onions,  and  other 
vegetables.  To  enjoy  it  thoroughly,  the  fish  should 
be  quite  fresh ;  and,  as  there  is  sport  in  catching 
fish,  a  chowder  party  is  often  made  up,  and  the 
favourite  dish  tasted  in  perfection,  especially  in 
Massachusetts  Bay.  W.  T.  M. 

Thomas  BrsHEL  (4'**  S.  iv.  159.) — It  may  be 
added  that  Charles  I.  wrote  to  Bushel  a  letter 
dated  *'  Oxford,  12  June,  1643,"  recounting  and 
attesting  his  great  services,  which  is  printed  in 
Ellis's  Original  Letters,  2°'>  S.  iii.  810.  Also,  it 
appears  from  his  petition  in  August,  1660,  for  the 
renewal  of  the  lease  of  Belsize  Manor,  Hamp- 
stead,  that  Bushel  married  Anne,  widow  of  Sir 
Wm.  Waade,  the  well-known  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower.  {Domestic  Calendars,  Charles  IL) 

Tewabs. 

Crashaw  :  Miracle  at  Cana  (4***  S.  iv.  198.) 
The  following  may  interest  IIic  et  tjbiqtje  and 
other  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  in  connection  with  the 
famous  epigram.     I  took  ^*  a  note  of  it "  from 


"■  S.  IV.  St!rT.  IS,  "69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


245 


Victor  Hugo:  a  Life,  Tel5ted  by  "ono  who  has 
■witnessca  it "  (2  vols.  8vo,  18G3)  :— 

*'  Here  13  .1  whim^icil  cxpiauation  of  the  miracle  of  the 
wtJiliin;  nt  Cans  in  Galilee  ;— 

"  1,B  nymiihe  de  cen  conx  apertut  Jtsus-ChrW, 
Kt  flUii  ]iucliqiie  front  lie  rougeur  se  conrrlL" 
"Till!  nvmph  <pf  these  wnteiH  pereeivcilJcsus Chriat, 
Aiiil  luT  nirjdc^t  hruw  was  ilveil  with  ^ame." 

(Vol.  i. )..  2B3.) 

A.  B.  GnoaiHT. 

St.  Georso'-S  mfli:kl>iirn. 

Quotation  wanted  (.1"^  S.  iv.  175.)— 

'■  Anil  i:t  it  then  1,>  live  ?  ivlipn  such  friends  part, 
■Tia  (he  survivor  <\\i-f.-  llv  hrnrt '.   no  more." 

Young's  Niqht  Tlm«gkl),  iiight  r. 

I.ocisA  Julia  XoRKAif. 

Br.rSETTO  Latisi  (4"'  S.  iv.  174.)— In  rEferring 
to  mnnv  works  contnining-  accounts  of  this  author's 
Kfe  and  writings,  I  linve  uot  been  nble  lo  discover  | 
that  be  wrota  any  Ldters.  Perhaps  Mr,  Daven- 
port will  mention  whera  he  met  with  the  quota-  ', 
tions  which  he  cominiinieated  to  you.  The  .Histow-e 
littfrairi-  ile  la  J-'niiicv  coiitriins  in  its  volumes 
manv  notices  respecting  Brunetto  Latini,  a  sketch 
of  his  lite,  ami  list  of  his  van oiu  productions,  but 
no  niention  whatever  is  niade  of  any  letters  by 
him.  If  sucli  oxi.st  in  MS.  in  any  library  or  private 
collection  it  is  much  to  be  wished  that  tbey  were 
civen  to  lii;:  World,  for  they  cannot  fail  to  be 
highly  iiittTcsting,  and  may  even  throw  li^ht  on 
the  somewhat  obseuie  point  of  Dante's  visit  to 
Oiford.  J.  Macray. 

XiEF  fl'"  S.  iv.  l.-U.)- Agne^  Snell  was  not  a 
niece  of  John  of  tlaunt,  but  ii  tenant  in  villenage. 
"Fein.  1-  est  villein  est  appelG  nvefe." — Littleton's 
Tenure;'  iXiWeaa^),  edit.  l.")8'^.  TIio  word  is 
corrupted  from  the  Tjatiii  naiica.  W.  G. 

XATI-RAL  ISIIEHITASCE  (4"^    S.  Iv.  IK.)- MB. 

BovLB  says  till  this  iiulijcct,  that  he  has  traced  the 
Prince  C\pusiirt'«  dosccnt  by  females  to  Margaret 
of  Ilapstiur^',  wife  of  Theodoric  Vlll.  of  Cleve, 
married  in  12!K).  Does  he  not  mean  Margaret  of 
Gueldrc.J.  wifo  of  Theoiloric  IX.  ?  Did  not  Theo- 
doric VIII.  die  in  1244  ?  and  were  not  his  wives 
Walpur^fis  of  Luxuiuburg  and  .\deliiide  of  Ilen- 
ncburg  ':  (Sue  Anderson's  Royid  Gem-ahgies.) 
Margaret  (or  Irmengarde')  of  Gueldres  was  the 
dauffhter  of  .\rargaret  of  Cleve,  daughter  of  Isabel 
of  iirabnnt,  daughter  of  Marie  of  France,  daughter 
of  Agnes  de  Mcrnn,  daughter  of  Agnes  of  Roch- 
litz.  Walpiir^ris  of  Luxemburg  was  probably  the 
dauirhter  of  Kmiciifinde,  Countess  of  Luxemburg 
in  her  own  right,  daughter  of  Agnes  of  Gueldres, 
prribably  dauj^hter  of  Ida  of  Boulogne,  daughter 
of  Mary  of  England,  daughter  of  Matilda  of  Bou- 
logne, iliiughter  iif  Mary  of  Scotland,  daughter  of 
Margaret  of  England,  daughter  of  .Vgatha  of  Ger- 
mauj.     Adelaide  of  llenueburg  I  cannot  trace. 


MI3APPHEHESSI0H8  (4'"  S.  ill.  623, 610 ;  iv.  se.) 
I  hope  your  numerous  correspondents  will  not  fail 
to  cultivate  this  piece  of  literary  gossip,  and  select 
the  following  at  random  out  of  my  common-place 

!  Obamisso,  the  poet  (bom  1781,  died  1838), 
'  writing  to  his  friend  De  la  Foye  at  Caen,  in  a 
.  letter  dated  from  Berlin,  June  2, 1832,  writes  as 
.  follows:  — 

j  "  A  short  time  ago,  at  the  octaaion  of  my  fift^-first 
j  birthday,  sonie  of  our  lyrii^nl  poets  uniCoil  in  pubhshipg 
I  a  anialf  volume  of  poein?,  in  vhicli  they,  among  othei 
I  warm-hearted  jokes,  sang  mv  praise  as  King  of  the  silent 

islands  in  the  South  Sea.  Upon  this,  a  literary  friend  of 
!  mine  has  founded  a  qtiiziing  newspaper-article,  in  whieh 

he  speaks  vith  much  amicable  praise  of  myself  and  m^ 
,  gDvemment  as  an  example   to  other  monarchs.     Ttiu 

again  baa  been  eagcily  swallowed  by  all  the  newspaper 

writers  of  Europe,  one  after  the  other;  and  in  the  Fettrt- 

tnSboria  riifi!."— Vide  Leben  and  Britfe  con  Addbtrt  turn 
'  Chamaio,  ed.  by  Uitzig,  Leipzig,  1839.   (ii.  1G2, 1G3). 

Prince  Puckler-Musliau  (bom  1786,  died  18—), 
in  one  of  his  most  delightful  "Letters  of  a  De- 
funct" {Briefe  eiiies  Verdorbenen,  published  dur- 

I  ing  the  author's  lifetime,  but  anonymously,  first 

I  edition,  1830),  narrates ;  — 

I  "lutheevening.  Lady  M[or);aa]  told  me  that  Clie  bad 
Iranslationa,  often  quite  transverain?  the  sense  of  the 
original,  of  herworka.gavehera  dealof  vexation.     Thus, 

'  in  her  Letters  on  Italy,  where  she  is  saying  that  the  Genoeae 

'  '  bought  tbe  Biorn  of  all  Europe,'  the  translator  had  read 

1  com  mstead  of  scorn,  and  rendered  it  tant  fafim :  '  Gfines 
dans  ce  temps  achetait  tout  lo  bW  de  I'Europe."    This  is  a 

'  good  pttuJanl  to  the 'Nation  of  tbe  Haidschnnk 
Vide    Brirfe   eiMs    Fersiwie 
(ii.  174). 

The  last  piece  of  misapprehension  alluded  to 
has  to  do  with  a  remark  of  Victor  Hugo's  regard- 
ing the  wild  sheep  of  the  Liineburg  heath,  in  the 
I  North  of  Germany,  provincially  called  Ilaiilachnu- 
I  Am,  hut  which  the  great  author  of  Jfotre  Datne  de 
j  Paris  understood  to  be  a  kind  of  semi-wild  people, 
that  he,  in  consequence,  introduced  to  tJie  world 
:  in  general  as  that  nation.  Hermann  Kinbt. 

Germany. 

Payne  (4"'  S.  iv.  66,  208.)— The  Annak  of_  Ot 
I  Jinc  Artt,  edited  by  James  Elmes,  in  vols.  i.  to 
iv.  1817-20,  give  the  names,  &c.  of  artists.  Among 
them  I  find  William  Payne,  49,  Upper  Baker 
Street,  tandicape  painter;  P.  S.  Mlunn,  107,  New 
Bond  Sti«et,  landscape  painter;  G.  Webster, 
White  Lion  Street,  Pentonville,  marine  painter. 
The  fifth  year  of  the  AnnaU  was  not  completed, 
end  the  publication  was  discontinued.  E.  B. 

Highgate. 

HousELLiKO  Cloth  (4'"  S.  iv.  174.)  — The 
Directorium  AngUcanum  (3rd  edition)  states  that 
the  communion  or  bouselUng  cloth  "  is  still  spread 
in  some  churches  in  the  diocese  of  Winchester; 
at  St  Mary's,  Oiford ;  at  St.  Mary's,  Prestbury, 


1  edition,  1881. 


246 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«fc  S.  IV.  Sept.  18,  '69. 


near  Cheltenham ;  and  at  All  Saints*,  Leaming- 
ton." It  was  last  used  in  the  coronation  service 
at  the  coronation  of  George  IV.  I  believe  a  list 
of  the  churches  where  it  is  in  use  is  given  in 
Hierurgia  Anglicana,  but  have  not  the  book  by 
me  to  refer  to.  Clifford  W.  Power. 

The  houselling  cloth  was  used  at  the  coronation 
of  George  IV.,  but  not,  I  believe,  since :  — 

"  Whilst  the  king  receives,  the  bishop  appointed  for 
that  service  shall  hold  a  towel  of  white  silk  or  fine  linen 
before  him." 

John  Piggot,  Jun.,  F.S.A. 

Weston  Family  (3'**  S.  ix.  392.) — An  inquiry 
is  here  made  about  "  Nicholas  Weston,  son  of 
Kichard  Weston,  Justice  of  Common  Pleas,  by 
his  third  wife,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Anthony  Cave, 
Esq.,  of  Chicheley ;  "  but  it  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand how  such  a  person  ever  existed,  as  it  is  clear 
from  the  will  of  this  third  wife,  Elizabeth  Weston 
(1577),  that  she  had  no  children  by  Judj^e  Weston. 
Your  inquirer  has  evidently  been  misled  by  Se- 

far's  "  Genealogy  of  the  Weston  Family,"  1632 
printed  in  IIarwood*8  edition  of  Erdem'ick' s  co. 
Staff.),  which  ascribes  to  Judge  Weston  by  his 
third  wife  a  son  Nicholas  and  a  daughter  Mar- 
garet; but  Mrs.  Weston's  will  mentions  no  Nicho- 
las at  all,  and  distinctly  calls  Margaret  Weston 
her  "  daughter-in-law."  Tewars. 

Old  Coins  Ok'^  S.  iv.  173.)  — In  Camden's 
jRemainSy  8vo,  1074,  p.  244,  /it  is  stated,  "  King 
Henry  the  Seventh  stamped  a  small  coin  called 
dandypratsy  A  proclamation,  19  Ilenry  VII. 
(printed  in  Ruding's  Coinage  of  England,  from 
the  original,  in  the  possession  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries),  speaks  of  "  double -plackes  "  (pence 
of  two  pence).  Possibly  dandyprats  were,  in 
popular  language,  equivalent  to  what  are  now 
described  as  half  groats.  S.  M.  0. 

Joseph  op  Naza-Reth  (4***  S.  iv.  174.) — Joseph 
and  Jesus  are  both  described  as  T€KToi'«s=builders 
or  carpenters  (Matt.  xiii.  55,  Mark  vi.  3).  Naza- 
reth, where  Jesus  spent  the  largest  portion  of  his 
life,  is  ill  provided  with  wood,  but  abounds  in 
stone,  with  which  the  houses  there  are  now  built. 
The  word  T««T«y,  as  used  by  Homer,  comprehends 
any  craftsman :  — 

ot  ol  iirolriJov  6d\afiov,  koI  Sw/xa,  koI  abX-fju, 

11.  vi.  316. 

"Who  made  him  a  bed-room,  and  a  dwelling-room, 
and  a  hall." 

.        •        TfKTOVOS  viht^ 

hs  x^P^^''  iiriffraro  5ax5aAa  iravra 
nvx^^v 

II.  v.  59-62. 

"  Son  of  the  mechanic  .  .  .  who  knew  how  to  fabricate 
with  his  hands  all  kinds  of  carious  works  .  .  .  who  also 
kad  built  for  Alexander  equal-sided  ships." 


So  also  as  shipbuilders,  IL  xiii.  390,  and  Od,  iz. 
196.  Homer  mentions  *'  a  horn-polishing  artisty" 
K(pao^6os  lipcLpf  r^KTuv,  IL  iv.  110;  also  makers, 
rtKTovts,  of  war-chariots  and  cars  embellished  with 
brass,  ffdrivas  koH  Hpfiara  voiKlXa  xf'^Vf  ^^  Venerem, 
13 ;  and  finally  artists  in  wood,  rtKTOPa  Mpvv,  Od, 
xvii.  384.  In  the  times  of  Plato  and  Xenophon 
the  word  T€'fCTwi':=  carpenter  was  often  opposed  to 
xoAicei^f  and  ffiifip({fs:=8mith ;  Pindar  had  before 
them  still  further  extended  its  meaning  to  master 
of  any  art.  But  the  most  important  point  is  to 
ascertain  in  what  sense  the  ancient  Jews  used  the 
word  T^KTwv ;  this  word  we  find  in  the  Septuagint 
to  be  the  equivalent  of  K'^n,  cheresh,  artist,  criSts- 
man,  or  workman  generally,  to  which  is  appended 
the  article  in  which  he  works,  as  wood  or  done 
waUs  (2  Sam.  v.  11 ;  1  Chr.  xiv.  1,  xxii.  15 ;  Isaiah 
xliv.  12,  13).  The  word  cheresh  alone  is  trans- 
lated T€KTa;)/=craftsman,  as  distinguished  from  the 
masger,  0-v7xAc(«v=smith  (2  Kings  xxiv.  14, 16). 

As  we  have  no  information  respecting  Nazareth 
in  ancient  authors,  and  as  recent  accounts  repre- 
sent the  number  of  houses  it  contains  as  two 
hundred  and  fifty,  we  may  infer  that  it  contained 
still  fewer  before  it  became  celebrated  amongat 
Christians  as  the  residence  of  Jesus.  The  answer 
to  Mr.  Chr.  Cooke  will  be,  therefore,  that  Joseph 
combined  the  two  arts  of  carpenter  and  stone- 
mason, as  well  as  those  of  wheelwright,  joiner, 
cabinetmaker,  &c.  I  have  no  faith  in  the  existing 
stone  table  as  the  one  on  which  Joseph  and  Jesus 
actually  worked.  T.  J.  Bucktok. 

Saint  BADmauEx  (4'»»  S.  iv.  197.)  — It  is 
generally  supposed  that  Badinguet  was  the  name 
of  the  stonemason  whose  dress  Louis  Napoleon 
assumed  when  he  escaped  from  the  fortrass  of 
Ilam,  under  the  reign  ot  Louis  Philippe.  Hence 
the  sobriquet  of  Badinguet  applied  to  tne  Emperor. 

G.  Massoit. 

Harrow. 


Badinguet  was  the  name  of  the  workman 
sumed  by  Louis  Napoleon  when  he  made  his 
escape  from  Ham ;  and  as  he  was  passing  out  of 
the  gates,  he  was  addressed  by  that  name  by  one 
of  the  persons  assisting  him,  in  order  to  deceive 
the  sentry.  When  he  became  Emperor,  the 
Parisians  gave  him  that  nickname.  A.  B.  C. 

La  Trappe  (4'»'  S.  iv.  158,  205.)— N.  K.  and 
F.  C.  II.  wiU  find,  in  W.  D.  Fellowes'  Visit  to 
the  Monastery  of  La  Trappe  in  1817,  royal  Bro 
(McLean,  1823),  some  very  interesting  particulars 
of  the  foundation,  the  reformation  under  the  Abb^ 
de  Ranc^,  and  the  restoration  of  the  order  in  1814, 
with  the  rules  and  usages  of  discipline,  &c.  I  do 
not  find  the  name  of  the  Duchesse  de  Montbazon ; 
but,  at  p.  28,  mention  is  made  of  the  death  of  a 
lady,  whom  De  Eanc^  loved  tenderly,  having 
caused  him  to  become  a  monk  of  the  order. 

E.B. 


4*3.  IV.  Sept,  IS, '6 


KOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


247 


"Tnr.  Derby  Ram"  (4"' S.  iv.  188.)— I  re- 
member rendinfr,  some  years  ago,  a  paragraph 
-whic)]  stated  that  this  funny  ballad  was  a  juvenile 
production  of  Dr.  Darwin  — 

"  That  mij-hty  nuthor  of  unmeaning  rhyme," 
fld  Bjron  calls  him,  wlio  wrote  "Tbe  Botanic 
Garden,"  The  statement  was  either  in  n  maga- 
zine or  a  provincial  newspaper — I  think  it  was  in 
the  latter.  I  have  not  the  date  of  Darwin's  de- 
cease,* &c. ;  and,  consequently,  I  cannot  slate  in 
wbat  years  he  was  a  youth,  nnd  likely  to  perpe- 
trate such  a  ludicrous  absurdity  as  "The  Derby 
Bam,''  Cnlcott  set  "  The  Ram  "  to  music ;  and 
I  once  heard  it  admirably  given  by  the  choir  of 
Bristol  Cathedral,  who  were  out  on  a  holiday 
trip.  Perhaps  some  contributor  to  "N.  &  Q. 
can  clear  up  "(he  Homeric  mystery."  It  must, 
however,  be  tome  in  mind  that  I  attach  no  im- 
portance l«  the  Darwinian  theaiy  as  to  the  origin 
of  "  The  Ram."    It  is  a  mere  on  dit. 

James  Hesbt  Dixon. 

CHArEi:  Abhey  (i"-  S.  iv.  182.)— I  find,  in 
the  Gfcette  de  Lausanne  of  Sept.  S  inst,,  an  adver- 
tiaement  signed  "  E.  Gaulis,  Abbi^,''  and  calling  a 
meeting  of  the  fratt-rnity  of  the  "Abbave  de 
I'Arc."  I  was  not  previously  aware  that  the 
bead  or  chairman  of  the  abbayes  was  known  ns 
Mti,  i.  e.  abbot.  Jaues  IIekky  Dixok. 

Ancient  BoRotrcTia,  etc.  (4'*'  S.  iv.  196.) — 
Arg.  within  a  bordure  sable  beianti^e,  a  lion  ram- 
pant gu.  crowned  or,  are  the  bearings  of  Richard 
Earl  of  Cornwall,  son  of  King  John.     ""' 


,d    tbe   Earls   of 
came  through  the 

1 1  EH  MEN  Til  UDK. 
,-.  107.)— Will  you 


nection  between  his  family 
Cheater  was  onlv  remote,  and 
De  Ciares. 

CoBiiAM  Family  (4'"  S.  ii 
petmit  nio  to  add  to  my  owi 
few  facta  discovi-red  since  I  forwarded  it,  which 
throw  some  light  on  the  question  P  John  da 
Coblinm  was  living  in  October  l-liT,  when  be 
Bwore  before  I'arliament  that  he  had  bestowed 
■11  his  lands  upon  the  crown  for  ever  (in  1372?) 
by  the  gift  of  a  ring  to  Edward  IIP.  as  seisin,  in 
consideration   of  his  being  allowed  to  enjoy  the 

'     ' '      This  seems  to  show  that  he 

Hermes  TEUDE. 


lands  for  hi: 
had  no  child. 

Perhaps  1  m 


Frekch  HrocEuoTS  *t  teb  Caps  (4""  S.  iii, 
378.)—In  addition  to  the  list  of  foreign  refugee 
families  given  by  Mb.  H.  Hall  may  be  added 
that  of  Grenier  de  Fonblanque,  which  is  supposed 
to  have  been  originally  located  in  that  j)art  of 
France  bordering  on  the  Pyrenees,  which  is  com- 

Srehended  in  the  department  of  ArriJge ;  but  » 
ranch  settled  at  or  near  Fonblanque,  now  in  the 
department  of  Tarn  et  Garonne,  and  the  name  of 
the  estate  (as  customary)  was  added  to  that  of 
the  family.  They  appear  to  have  been  of  con- 
siderable antiquity  ;  noble,  though  not  titled,  and 
enjoyed  tbe  privilege  of  glass-making  as  Gentils- 
hommes  Verriers  — a  monopoly  granted  by  St. 
Louis  on  his  return  from  the  Crusades,  aa  aik 
indemnification  for  the  loss  of  their  patrimony  in 
that  service.  Part  of  the  family  having  embraced 
the  Reformed  faith,  were  in  consequence  exposed 
to  neglect  and  persecution,  and  the  elder  branch 
was  eitin^uished  by  lie  death  of  tbe  three  bro- 
thers Grenier,  who  were  decapitated  on  tJieaccuan- 
tion  of  harbouring  the  Protestant  minister  Pochette 
in  their  house  and  favouring  his  escape.*  All  the 
principal  family  document*  of  importance  were 
deslroved  during  the  dragonnades  of  Louis  XIV. 
and  XV. 

The  arms  borne  by  different  porticoiB  of  th» 
family  have  varied  much,  but  those  borne  by  the 
mother  of  the  writer  are  thus  described  in  heraldic 
French ;  "  Coups  de  gueules  a  trois  amandes 
couronnfe  d'or  et  d'azur  un  croissant  d'argent." 
These  three  devices  have  been  supposed  to  repre- 
sent the  badge  of  n  military  order.  The  supple- 
ment to  tbe  Dictioimaire  de  rAcadimie  fumiehea 
the  real  meaning :  "  Amande. — Milieu  de  la  garde 
d'une  ^pSe,  quiala,formed'uneamande,"i'.  e.  of  an 
almond.  In  other  words,  it  means  the  hilt  of  s 
sword — tbe  concave  appearance  of  which  haa  been 
omitted  by  the  herald  painter. 

It  may  be  added,  of  this  family  was  the  late 
Mr.  Fonblanque,  one  of  the  judges  in  the  Bank- 
ruptcy Court.  H.  P. 

Stisdials  (J'"  S.  iv.  76, 188.)— In  a  curious  old 
liouse  in  the  lligb  Street,  Marlborough,  inhabited 
till  lately  by  the  estimable  widow,  now  deceased, 
of  a  bookseller  named  Emberlin,   there  is  a  pane 


'  (a""  S.  ii.  4.'i8,  C14 ;  iii.  276,)— 
Lit  some  of  your  readers  on  the 
'trariis  the  origin  of  the  above. 
A  fire  once  occurred  at  the  residence  of  some  of 
the  anceatorn  of  the  present  Duke  of  Leinster, 
Knd  the  heir,  a  very  young  child  at  the  time,  was 
rescued  through  tlio  screams  of  a  pet  monkey, 
which  attracted  the  attention  of  the  family ;  and 
the  words  the  monkey  used  were  "  Crom  a  boo,"  ■  "  Um 
hence  the  motto.  C,  SE  Lessert. 

WolvcThsmptan. 


AnBEr  opFftcAMr  (4">  S.  iv.  116,  205,)— For 
a  long  snd  interesting  account  of  this  abbey,  and 
of  its  present  state,  the  inquirer  may  consult  tho 
Acemml  of  a  Toicr  in  Nortnandy,  by  Dawsoa 
Turner,  Esq.  (i,  62  H  leq.).  F.  C.  H. 

h  la  J\'[^(U(.— Droits  de  m 


[•  Ob,  April 


»*.  i.  (t"  3"!  S.  I.  343.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4'"  S,  IV,  Sept.  18,  '89. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETa 

Avitej  o/  the  Treaty  carried  on  at  RIpon  btHneen  King 
Charia  I.  aitd  the  CevenanteTI  of  Scotland,  A.u.  1610, 
(o*m  6y  Sir  Join  Borough,  Oarter  Sing  of  Arms. 
Edited,  /rom  the  Original  MS.  in  the  Fotieuitm  of 
Ucut.-Cotanii  Carea,  Ig  Juhii  Bruce,  F.S.A.    (Printed 


e  tiro  of  the  most  remirkable  laddenls  of  that 
period.  That  a  nation,  In  every  senae  e:c«pt  martial 
spirit  and  a  love  of  independence,  inferior  to  England, 
aLould  hnve  ventnred  upon  such 


liibed  matter  to  bear  upon  the  explanation  of  these  facta. 
He  endeavours  to  show  that  England  was,  at  that  time, 
from  Dan  to  Becrsheba,  in  a  state  of  the  deepest  diasatis- 


tbe  Scola 


te  of  incipient  rebellion. 


cupy 


fieiency  of  men,  not  even  i 
but  vant  of  heart  in  the  ct 
upon  Engliabmen  to  defend, 
quvrel  tlie  majority  of  tbem 


absence  of  militarv  akill, 
e  which  the  Kin^  called 
In  the  main  point  of  the 
thought  the  Scots  were  in 

7  who  looked  one  etep  further  savr,  in 
which  ensued,  a  ground  fur  hope  that 
the  time  was  come  when  England  mif^ht  he  emancipateil 
Iron)  tlie  thraldom  of  an  administratioa  which  waa  be- 
lieved to  have  degraded  the  country  and  violated  its 
dearest  privileges.  The  tteatv  of  Kinon,  by  which  the 
Scoltiah  invasion  was  submitted  lo.and  in  a  certain  sense 
aanctioned  by  Ihe  government  of  Encland,  was  the  neces- 
sary rcaalt  of  that  all-pervading  feeling  of  dissatiafactlon, 
the  exlatence  of  which  Mr.  Bruce  has  here  brought  to- 
gether a  great  mass  of  evidence  to  establish. 

BnciKS  Kbceive[>  :  — 
Nnlaan  tht  Geologg  of  North  Shropihire.     (Unrdwieke.) 
The  fair  authoress  of  this  tittle  work  (the  value  of 
which  is  attested  by  the  fact  that  it  la  dedlc:iled  to  Mr. 
Symond',  hy  whose  encouragement  it  was  undertaken), 
furnishes  in  it  a  abort  review  of  the  more  striking  geo- 
logical featatca  which  meet  tlie  eye  of  the  f^tuileut  as  he 
gazes  from  Ibe  summit  of  the  Wrekin,  and  soma  useful 
hints  of  the  geological  work  in  the  neighbourhDod  of  the 
Wrekin  and  of  the  plain  of  Xorth  Shropshire. 
Englith    S^rinli.      Jficholai    UdaU  ~  Roialer    Doiiter. 
written,  probably  ain  reprtiented,  before  1  rjo3.  Carefnt/g 
edUrUfrom  Ihe    Unique  Copg  now  at  Etoa  College  by 
Edward  Arber. 

This  accurate  reprint  of  our  iirst  Kngliah  comedy,  with 
a  Notice  of  the  Lite  of  the  Author,  an  IntroJuctiou,  and 
Bibliography,  is  publiahed  for  sixpence.    Get  it,  reader. 
a^ordt  of  Com  fori  for  Fare'its  bereaved  of  r.itll'^Childn,!. 
Edited  bp  William  Ugan.      With  a  Historical  Sit^tcb 
bg  Rev.  W.  Anderson,  LL.D.     (Slsbcl.) 
The  fact  that  thia  Is  the  aixtli  edition,  and  fifleenlh 
thoaaand,  shows  how  truly  (hia  little  volume  has  fulGlUd 
its  ofli.'c  (.f  eouifurliiig  sorrowing  hearts. 
The  Herald  a«<l  Genealogiat.     Edited  bg  John  Gongb 
Sichols.    Fart  XXX.    (J.  G.  i  H.  C.  .V'icbok) 
We  are  glail  to  receive  another  Part  of  Air.  Xicbols'a 
valuable  contributions  to  heraldic  mid  geneolugical  know- 
led;!C.     Ilia  thoroogli  mastery  of  theie  sulijoots,  and  the 

valuable  which  cornea  forth  under  his  supervision. 


"he  Regliter  and  Magazine  of  Biogrmhf.     No.  VIII. 
Auguit  aitd  September,     (Ilardwicke.J 
We  are  glad  to  chronicle  the  progress  of  this  nsefbl 
□d  characteristic  periodical,  and  aUo  to  annonnee  that 
the  Index  lo  the  First  Volume  is  now  published. 

Death  of  Mb.  Thomas  Watts  of  thb  BBmsH 

MusKUM.— By  the  death  of  thia  gentleman,  which  took 
place  on  Thuraday,  the  Oth  inst,,  the  Uritish  Museum 
lias  lost  one  of  ila  moat  eflicient  officers,  every  reader 
there  a  most  inultigent  and  obliging  "guide,  philosopher, 
and  fVieud,"  and  Eof^and  one  of  her'  most  modest,  but 
most  accoinpliahed  scholars.  Mr.  Watts  entered  the 
Museum  about  1838,  and  from  that  time  to  the  preatnt 
lie  baa  laboured  eamestly  and  sncceaafully  in  secnritlg 
for  the  national  library  "  the  useful,  the  elegant,  and  the 
iinrioua  literature  of  every  language."  He  was  a  frequent 
liontributor  to  The  AlheTutsnt  and  Quarterly,  and  Air- 
iiished  upwards  of  a  hundred  Inographies  of  literary  loM 
to  tlie  English  Cgcligiiedia ;  but  hia  espoaure  of  the  so- 
<»lled  Engliih  Mercuric  of  1688,  in  lt(39,  waa  his  Bat, 
it  not  hia  only  separate  publication.  How  much  of 
curious  learning,  how  much  knowledge  acquired  by 
unceasins  study,  has  died  with  Mr.  Watts,  those  only 
Know  who  had  the  good  fortune  Co  be  numbered  among 


Thb  Xi;wTUN-rASCAi.  CouREsrosnKSCE.— ThU  lite- 
rary mrstcrv  is  in  a  fair  way  of  being  cleared  up.  Tte 
Fait  Mall  Uaiette  of  Tuesday  last  annonncod  that  H. 
Chasles.  after  a  stormy  meeting  of  tbe  Acad^mle  dM 
Sdencea,  at  which  he  perasted  in  his  belief  in  the  geooine- 
ness  of  these  letters,  disclosed  the  name  of  the  party  ftom 

of  some  loU.OUl)  francs  (t!,Oob/.)  The  person  named  val 
an  assiduous  student  in  the  reading-roam  of  the  BiUlo- 
tb^que  Imperiale, —  "  tliere  was  a  strikiug  coincidenc* 
between  hia  reaearcbea  in  the  Librarv  and  the  appeonnoe 
of  new  documcnla  on  the  Newton-i'ascal  eoatroven^," 
and  "  he  ivaa  in  the  habit  of  frequenting  the  MS.  d»- 
partnient    and    etadying    the    handwriting   of  QaUlso, 


preferred  a; 


n  by  U.  Chaalos  himself. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 


fiatitci  Us  £Bwcipaiiacati. 


4«*  S.  IV.  Sept.  25,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


249 


LONDON y  SATURDAY,  SEPTEMBER  25,  1869. 

CONTENTS.— No  91. 

NOTES:  —  The  "  E(iinbun?h  Eeview  "  and  Shakespeare,  249 

—  Ur.publisljc'd  Letter  of  Lord  Byron,  250  —  Thomas  Flat- 
man,  251  — "Broided  Hair":  1  Tim.  ii.  9  — Portrait  of 
Byron—  "Snakes  here "  — Superstition  in  India  — The 
Princess  Paulino  von  Schwarzenberg,  born  Princcsso 
d'Areniberg  —  Sir  John  Perrot  —  Robert  Bums  —  Daniel 
Defoe's  First  Publication,  251. 

QUSRIKSa  —  A  Broadside  Query  —  Decoration  of  Honour 

—  Isaac  Dorislaus  —  Einfeltig  —  Greek  Epitaph  —  **  Gave 
Out  "—  Harvest  Cart  —  SS.  Juvenalis  —  Lace  of  Ground 

—  Queen  Mary  and  De  Thou  —  Mephistopheles  on  the 
Sta^  —  Plant  Names— "The  Pursuit  of  Pleasure"  — 
K«reraouso  —  Strangwayes  of  Well  —  Serfs  or  Cerfs  — ■ 
"Slinging  the  Hatchet"  —  Sundry  Queries  —  Three 
Tailors  of  Tooloy  Street  —  Popular  Phraseology :  Warm  — 
J.  Willme  of  Martinscroft,  253. 

Q.UBSTE8  WITH  AN8WBKS :  —  Did  Harvey  commit  Suicide? 
—Prior's  l*ot>nis  —  London  Token,  255. 

REPLIES :  —  Ori;fin  of  Newspaper.  256— English  VerBions 
of  Goethe's  Faust,  257  —  Who  threw  the  Stool  ?  269  — 
Carvings  by  Grinling  Gibbons.  J6.  —  Edmund  Kean  and 
Albert  Smith  on  Mont  Blanc,  261  —  Dunmow  Flitch,  262  — 
Baphael's  ''Death  of  Abel"  —  Milton's  Handwriting  — 
"Handv-Book  about  Books"  —  The  Princess  Rosamond 
—Lombard  Capital  —  David  Garrick  —  La  Salette  —  The 
Dodo's  Portraits— Watling  Street  in  Kent— Prince  Josm>h 
Stuart  —  Sir  Hugh  Calveley  —  Ripon  Spurs  — The  De- 
formed Transformed- Shakespeare  — *'De  malequsesitis 
gaudet  non  tertius  haares"  —  Whitsunday  — "Jealous  as 
a  Couple  of  Hairdressers  "  —  Christianity  in  India  —  Bell- 
ringing  for  Divine  Service  — Our  End  linked  to  our  Begin- 
ning —  Camel :  "  The  Ship  of  the  Desert,"  Ac,  262. 

Kotei  on  Books,  &c. 

THE  "EDINBURGH  REVIEW"  AND  SHAKE- 
SPEARE. 
In  the  current  number  of  the  Edmhurgh  Review 
there  is  an  interesting  article  on  recent  Shake- 
spearian criticism,  which  however  contains  some 
things  to  which  the  students  of  Shakespeare  will 
be  inclined  to  demur. 
1.  Where  Ophelia  says  in  Hamlet  — 
•*  You  may  wear  your  me  with  a  difference," 
the  reviewer's  commentary  is  to  this  effect :  — 

**  The  phrase  *  bearing  a  difference  *  is  a  well-known  one 
in  heraldry-,  but  what  the  difference  in  this  case  is  has 
not  been  indicated  beyond  a  suggestion  that  with  Ophdia 
me  means  simply  sorrow,  but  that  as  worn  by  the  Qaeen 
it  should  denote  contrition  as  well  as  sorrow.  Bat  this 
at  best  is  a  cold  and  abstract  fancy,  out  of  harmony  with 
the  *  document '  of  Ophelia's  other  gifts." 

His  fancy  is  that  there  is  an  allusion  to  the 
property  of  rue  noted  by  the  '^  schola  Salemi  " — 

♦*  Rata  viris  coitum  minuit,  mulieribus  auget"  — 

and  argues  thus :  — 

**  In  this  case  the  difference  would  be  emblematic  of 
the  Queen's  hasty  return  to  the  nuptial  state,  and  a 
severe  reflection  on  her  indecent  marriage.  Each  of 
Ophelia's  gifts  would  then  be  'documentary':  thoaghts 
and  remembrances  to  the  faithful  lover,  ingratitude  and 
guile  to  the  faithless  King,  and  eager  sensual  pleasure 
to  the  luxurious  Queen." 

Let  all  our  criticism  babble  and  break  down 
8oon(T  than  put  such  a  coarse  and  immaidenly 
«arcasm    into   the    mouth    of  Ophelia.      Surely 


Shakespeare  had  some  prescience  of  the  infelidtr 
ons  fancies  that  would  come  to  his  commentatore 
on  this  subject  when  he  makes  Horatio  say  — 

*'  Her  speech  is  nothing, 
Yet  the  undiaped  use  of  it  doth  move 
The  hearers  to  collection ;  they  aim  at  it,  !; 

And  botch  the  words  np  fit  to  their  own  thoughts.*' 

What  need  of  this ''  botching ''  ?  Ophelia  says  to 
the  Queen  (it  does  not  appear  that  she  addresses 
any  one  else.  Who  is  the  ''faithful  lover  "  of  the 
reviewer's  interpretation  ?) — 

^*  Ton  may  wear  yoar  rae  with  a  difference  "— 

usine  the  heraldic  phrase — ^that  is  to  saj,  yo« 
shall  have  something  to  contrast  with  and  set  off 
this  sombre  bearing ;  and  accordingly  she  goes  oti 
in  her  innocent  fashion^ ''  There's  a  dsosy :  I  would 
give  you  some  violets,  but/'  &c. 

2.  There  is  an  odd  note  on  the  passage  in  JISio- 
heth-^ 


i/v. 


"  Who  cannot  want  the  thought  how  monstroiiB 
It  was  for  Malcolm  and  Donalbain        ^ 
To  kill  their  gradons  father.** 

It  is  pleasant  to  meet  with  a  commentator  0h 
Shakespeare's  text  who  tells  you  that  ''no  altera- 
tion whatever  is  needed."  ^ut  unfortunatelv  the 
reviewer  goes  on  to  give  his  reasons  for  so  think- 
ing; and  lie  proceeos  to  point  out,  with  much 
ingenious  research^  instances  of  the  word  "  want" 
used  in  the  sense  of  "  do  without "  or  "  be  with- 
out." So  Malone  paraphrases  the  text,  "Who 
cannot  but  think^"  and  seems  to  fancy  it  is  ex- 
plained. These  mten^retations  preserve  with  the 
utmost  exactness  the  mfficulty  of  the  text.  Shake- 
speare has  sud  "Who  cannot  be  without  the 
tnought,"  where  vou  would  have  expected  "Who 
can  be  without  the  thought."  The  operation  of 
negatives  and  privatives  on  each  other  is  apt  to 
be  rather  puzzbng,  whether  in  logic,  grammar,  or 
law ;  and  where  such  able  commentators  get  be- 
wildered, it  is  possible  that  Shakespeare  nuiy  have 
got  bewildered  too.  But  it  is  more  probable  that  he 
knew  what  he  was  about,  and  that  the  apparently- 
superfluous  not  is  inverted  conformably  to  the 
ironical  vein  of  the  whole  passage.  Lenox  says 
in  his  gibing  wav,  "O  yes!  Fleance  killed  lus 
father,  you  taiow  I  And  who  can  refrain  from — 
well,  let  us  say  not  thinking  how  monstrous,"  &c. 
The  ironical  insertion  of  a  not  will  appear  more 
natural  when  we  remember  that  what  is  really 
in  the  sneaker's  mind  is  not  the  heinouaness  of 
the  act,  out  the  question  whether  the  two  prinp^ 
were  guilty  of  it — a  charge  which  he  means  to 
deride. 

3.  In  Lear,  Began's  "tender-hefted  nature  "  is 
understood  by  the  reviewer  to  mean  that  she  is 
spoken  of  as  "  tender-bodied,  delicately  organised, 
or,  more  literally,  finely  fleshed."  He  founds  Ins 
explanation  on  the  statement  that  ^^heft  is  a  well- 
Imown  older  English  word. for  handle,  that  which 


250 


NOTE S  AND  QUERIE S.  C4*»»  s.  iv.  Swr.  26,  •«9. 


holds  or  contains Heft  was  in  this  way 

applied  proverbially  to  the  body."  Does  any 
wnter  speak  of  the  body  as  the  handle  of  the 
spirit  or  inner  nature  P  Shakespeare  might  have 
put  such  a  conceit,  perhaps,  into  the  mouth  of 
Osric  or  Holofemes,  but  not  into  that  of  Lear. 
Tender-hefted  simply  means  tender  to  handle, 
soft  in  the  fibre,  as  indicated  by  the  touch. 

4.  The  reviewer  rebukes  the  Cambridge  editors 
for  leaving  the  old  reading  in  1  King  Henry  IV. 
iv.  1  — 

•«  All  plumed  like  estridges  that  with  the  wind  "  — 

refusing  Rowe's  conjecture  *^win(/  the  wind," 
which  he  styles  *'  an  emendation  so  happy  as  to 
be  almost  certainly  a  restoration  of  tne  text." 
He  does  not  tell  us  what  is  meant  by  "  winging 
the  wind  "  —  a  phrase  which  he  seems  to  take  as 
applicable  to  an  ostrich  in  full  career  ;  but  Prince 
Hal  and  his  companions  were  neither  charging 
nor  running  away.  Is  it  impossible  that  there 
may  have  been  in  Shakespeare's  time  a  local  verb  to 
withy  signitying  to  winnow,  as  it  might  well  do  by 
onomatopasiaf  Failing  this,  may  not  the  right 
reading  be  **whir  the  wind" — iyaxxxitifvoi  wrep^ 
ytffffif  like  Homer's  swans  ? 

5.  The  Cambridge  edition  is  also  reprehended 

for  leaving  the  unintelligible  passage  m  Hamlet, 

"  The  dram  of  eale 
Doth  all  the  noble  substance  of  a  dout 
To  his  own  scandal  "  ; 

and  the  reviewer,  though  not  quite  so  clear  on 

this  point  as  on  the  last-mentioned,  accepts  Mr. 

Dyce  8  emendation  — 

"  The  dram  of  evil 
Doth  all  the  noble  substance  oft  debase 
To  his  own  scandal." 

If  Shakespeare  wrote  "  oft  debase  "  it  is  not 
easy  to  imagine  by  what  mistake  of  ear  or  eye  the 
unmeaning  words  '^of  a  dout"  got  substituted 
for  them.  I  suppose  it  may  be  taken  for  granted 
thalj  these  words  at  least  are  corrupt.  If  we  are 
allowed  guesswork,  is  it  not  possible  that  there 
was  such  a  word  as  "  eale,"  and  that  it  is  identi- 
cal with  another  mysterious  word  used  in  Hamlet, 

"  Would'st  drink  up  Esil," 
which  is  said  to  mean  vinegar  ?     In  that  case  we 
may  perhaps  imagine  that  Shakespeare  wrote  the 
next  line  — 

•*  Doth  all  the  noble  substance  over-clouC* 

The  metaphor  being  the  same  as  that  used  in 
Act  I.  Sc.  5,  to  describe  the  operation  of  the 
poison  — 

"  It  doth  posset 
And  curd  like  eager  droppings  into  milk 
The  thin  and  wholesome  blood." 

Thus  Shakespeare  would  mean  to  say  here, 
'*  the  small  quantity  of  vinegar  or  other  acid 
matter  *  over-clouts,  or  curdles  over,  the  whole 
of  the  substance  to  which  it  is  added,  so  as  to 


impart  its  own  scandalous  character  to  that  sub- 
stance." He  had  just  before  used  the  word  *^  o'er- 
leavens,"  which  may  guide  us  to  the  image  in  his 
thought.  Clout,  to  dot  or  curdle,  is  a  well- 
known  provincial  expression.  It  is  easy  to  conceive 
how  the  unfamiliar  word  '*  clout "  passed  by  a 
mistake  of  the  eye  into  *'  dout " ;  and  how  by  a 
mistake  of  the  ear  "  over  "  was  written  *'  of  a." 
Garrick  dub,  C.  G.  l^WEIT. 


UNPUBLISHED  LETTER  OF  LORD  BYRON. 

I  have  copied  the  following  letter  from  the 
original  in  the  possession  of  a  friend.  It  is  not 
given  by  Moore  m  his  Life  of  Byron,  though  he 
inserts  one  of  the  same  date,  addressed  to  himsell 
In  that,  Lord  Byron  says :  '^  I  embark  for  Mis- 
solonghi — in  four-and-twenty  hours."  It  seema 
probable,  then,  that  the  following  letter  to  hia 
friend,  the  Hon.  Douglas  Kinnaird,  was  written 
after  it^  and  was  the  last  he  wrote  before  he  left 
Cephalonia.  At  this  time,  when  so  intense  an 
interest  in  the  noble  poet  has  arisen  in  a  maimer 
so  extraordinarv,  every  fragment  of  his  writioDgi 
hitherto  unpublished^  can  hardly  fail  to  be  ac- 
ceptable.    F.  C.  H. . 

U  13bre  27%  1828^ 
"  Dear  Douglas, 

'^  I  am  embarking  for  Missolonghi — ^Bowring* 
can  tell  you  the  rest,  for  y'  despatches  will  go  to- 
gether.— I  am  passing  "  the  Rubicon  " — recollect 
that  for  God's  sake — and  the  sake  of  Greece.^ 
You  must  let  me  have  all  the  means  and  credit 
of  mine  that  we  can  muster  or  mader — and  that 
immediately — and  I  must  do  my  best  to  the  shirt — 
and  to  the  skin  if  necessary. — Stretch  my  credk 
and  anticipate  my  means  to  their  fullest  extent— 
if  Rochdale  sale  has  been  completed  I  can  keep 
an  army  here,  ave,  and  perhaps  command  it. 

'^  Send  me  forthwith  all  the  credits  you  caDy 
and  tell  the  Committee  that  they  should  '  enact* 
a  man  and  put  money  in  their  purse.'  Why, 
man !  if  we  nad  but  100,000/.  sterling  in  hand, 
we  should  now  be  halfway  to  the  city  of  Con- 
stantine.  But  the  Gods  give  us  joy!  'Eh 
avant,*  or  as  the  Suliotes  shout  in  their  war-ciy — 
*  Derrah  !  Derrah ! '  which  being  interpreted, 
means  '  On— On— On  ! ' " 

''  Yours  ever, 

"  N.  B." 
"  To  the  Hon.  Douglas  Kinnaird, 

Mess"  Ransom  and  Co.,  Bankers, 

Pall  Mall  East,  London.'' 

[We  cannot  print  the  foregoing  letter  without  taking 
the  opportunity  which  it  affords  of  protesting  against  the 
unjustifiable  step  taken  by  Mrs.  Stowe  in  publishing 
what  she  calls,  but  what  we  are  sure  is  not,  7%«  Trwt 
Story  of  Lady  Byron^s  Life. 

Thirteen  years  ago  Lady  Byron  submitted  in  comfidenee 
to  Mrs.  Stowe  certain  statements  and  a  written  paper, 

*  This  word  is  illegible  in  the  originaL 


«kS.  IV.  Sett.  25, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


251 


and  requested  Mrs.  Stowe's  help  "in  making  up  an 
opinion  as  to  her  own  duty  '*  "with  regard  to  the  publica- 
tion of  her  story-.  Mrs.  Stowe  gave  that  opinion,  and 
there  she  should  have  stopped,  and  imitated  the  reserve 
of  the  distin^uLshc'd  gentleman  whom  Lady  Byron  had, 
in  like  contidence,  originally  consulted.  Lady  Byron 
lived  four  years  after  her  conversation  with  Mrs.  Stowe, 
but  never  pul Wished  a  line.  For  nine  years  the  trustees 
of  her  papers  have  followed  her  example  ;  and  now,  on 
some  fancied  necessity  for  defending  Lady  Byron's  cha- 
racter— a  work  of  supererogation,  for  Lady  Byron's  cha- 
racter needs  no  defence — Mrs.  Stowe  dees  not  hesitate  to 
ffive  to  the  world  a  story  calculated  to  blast  the  fair 
fame  of  one  who  went  down  to  her  grave  with  the  de- 
served reputation  of  a  loyal  affectionate  wife  and  a  most 
devoted  mother.  How  Mrs.  Stowe  could  be  so  utterly 
regardless  of  the  wounds  which  her  ill-advised  inter- 
ference must  inflict  upon  the  children  of  the  lady  whose 
memory'  she  has  outraged,  it  is  impossible  to  understand. 
It  is  only  charitable  to  hope  she  was  not  aware  of  their 
existence.— Ed.  "  N.  &  Q."] 


THOMAS  FLATMAN. 


From  a  maniiacript  in  my  possession,  endorsed 
"  Miscellanies  by  Tho.  Flatman,  ex  Interiori 
Templo,  Londini,  Xov.  9, 1661,"  I  extract  the  fol- 
lowing. I  do  not  find  it  in  my  copy  of  his  printed 
works ;  but  as  four  editions  were  printed,  it  may 
probably  have  been  omitted  in  mine  and  not  in 
others.  This  is  the  Flatman  of  whom  Rochester 
wrote  — 

**  Not  that  slow  drudge  in  swift  Pindaric  strains, 
Flatman,  who  Cowley  imitates  with  pains. 
And  rides  a  jaded  muse  with  loose  reins." 

Flatman,  however,  had  his  revenge;  for  he  wrote 
tt  pastoral  on  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Rochester, 
and  did  not  by  any  means  ride  a  jaded  muse :  — 

"  As  on  his  death-bed  gasping  Strephon  lay, — 
Strephon,  the  wonder  of  the  plains. 
The  noblest  of  th'  Arcadian  swains, — 
Strephon,  the  bold,  the  witty,  and  the  gay. 

If  to  Elyzium  you  would  happly  flie. 

Live  not  like  Strephon,  but  like  Strephon  die.*' 

F.  W.  0. 

Clapham  Park,  S.W. 

**  ON   M""   S.   W.   WHO   CUR'd   MY  HAND   BY    A    PLAISTER 

apply'i)  to  y*-  knife  whicu  hurt  me. 

"**  Wounded  and  weary  of  my  life 
I  to  my  fair  one  t^ent  my  knife. 
The  point  had  pierced  my  hand  as  far 
As  foe  would  foe  in  open  warn 
Cruell  but  yet  Corapassionat  she 
Spread  plaisters  for  my  Enemie, 
She  hug'd  y'  wretch  had  done  me  harm 
And  in  her  Iionohi  kept  it  warm  : 
When  sudainly  I  found  >«*  cure  was  done. 
The  pain  ^  all  y  anguish  gone. 
Those  nerves  w«»>  stiff  &  tender  were 
Now  very  free  and  active  are: 
Not  helpt  by  any  power  above 
But  a  true  miracle  of  Love. 
Henceforth  physicians  burn  yo'  Bills, 
Prescribe  no  more  uncertain  pills. 


She  can  at  distance  vanqaish  pain. 
She  makes  y*  Grave  to  gape  in  vain : 
'mongst  all  v«  arts  that  saving  be 
None  so  sublime  as  sympathie. 
O  could  it  help  a  wound'd  breast, 
I'de  send  my  soul  to  have  it  dreast. 
Yet  rather  let  her  self  apply 
The  sovereign  medcine  to  her  Ey : 
There  larks  y«  weapon  wounds  me  deep, 
There  that  w*'*'  stabs  me  in  my  sleep, 
For  still  I  feel  w*''in  a  Mortall  smart. 
The  salve  y*  healed  my  hand  can't  cure  my  heart. 
"  Oct  19,  1661." 


"Beoidbd  Haik  " :  1  Tim.  n.  9.— The  difficulty 
of  securing  an  absolutely  faultless  text,  even  of 
the  sacred  books,  is  cunously  illustrated  by  one 
instance  which  has  caught  my  eye  in  the  invalu- 
able edition  of  the  New  Testament  just  issued  by 
Baron  Tauchnitz.  The  oversight — for  such  it 
clearly  is — appears  all  the  more  striking  when  it 
is  recollected  that  the  editor  is  no  other  than 
Tischendorf,  whose  fame  as  a  linguist  no  less  than 
as  a  restorer  of  the  sacred  text  is  in  all  lands.  I 
am  boimd  to  say  that,  after  much  careful  scrutiny, 
I  have  not  been  able  to  detect  a  second  error, 
even  of  a  point,  in  this  beautiful  and  precious 
little  volume.  The  instance  is,  for  ^Hbroided 
hair  "  the  misreading  **  broidered  hair  "  is  given 
in  1  Tim.  ii.  9.  Tnis  misreading  is  a  vulgar 
blunder,  originally  due  no  doubt  to  the  ignorance 
or  carelessness  of  some  printer's  reader.  A  glance 
at  Bagster's  Hexapla  will  show  that  the  ''  writhun 
heeris  "  of  Wiclif 's  translation  became  "  broyded 
heare  ''  in  Tyndale's  version,  and  so  continuea  till 
the  altered  en[>elling  of  *^  broided  haire  *^  of  the 
A.  V.  (1611).  The  marginal  reading  gives 
"plaited.  In  all  the  Bibles  printed  by  the 
Queen's  Printers  for  the  Bible  Society,  the  correct 
reading  is  faithfully  maintained.  The  cheap 
Glasgow  Bibles  invariably  give  the  misreading, 
and  in  some  of  them  I  have  even  seen  the  perver- 
sion "  braided."  I  have  also  noticed  the  erroneous 
"  broidered  "  in  Bagster's  Comprehensive  BibU 
and  in  D'Oyly  and  Mant's  Bible  (1830).  Now 
"  broidered  hair  "  is  not  alone  incorrect,  but  it  ex- 
presses an  absurdity.  D.  Blaib. 

Melbourne,  Australia. 

PoBTBAiT  OP  Btbon. — A  writer  in  The  Standard 
(Sept.  13, 1869)  says  that  when  on  a  visit  to 
Bruges  in  1826  with  his  uncle  and  son,  they  had 
as  a  neighbour  a  Belgian  gentleman,  a  connoisseur 
of  paintings.  He  had  in  his  collection  a  choice 
portrait  of  Lord  Byron.  Lady  Byron,  en  paasaiU, 
wrote  from  her  hotel  to  ask  permission  to  see  it. 
The  gentleman  ushered  her  into  the  room,  with- 
drew the  curtain  of  the  painting,  and  left  her. 
Lady  Byron  remained  more  than  an  hour,  and  on 
leaving  her  emotion  choked  her  thanks.  Who 
was  this  painting  by,  how  did  it  get  to  Bru^, 
and  who   has  it  now?    Lord  Leigh  exhibited 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  s.  rv.  SBPT/i5,**i 


at  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  at  South  Ken- 
sington in  1868  a  fine  portrait  of  Lord  Byron 
by  Thos.  Phillips,  RA.  (signed  "T.  P.  1814"), 
size  36  X  28  in.  At  the  same  time  Mr.  William 
Smith  sent  a  portrait  by  R.  Westall,  R.A.  (size 
80  X  25  in.).  Lord  Brou^hton  had  an  original 
picture  of  his  lordship,  at  me  age  of  nineteen,  by 
G.  Saunders.    This  was  engraved  bv  Finden. 

John  Piggot,  Jtjn. 

"Snakes  here." — In  A  JFaUcing  Tour  round 

Ireland  in  1865,  published  lately,  the  author, 

speaking  of  the  country  about  Omagh,  says :  — 

*'  Here  I  observed  to-day  on  a  tree  the  notice  or  warn- 
ing— 'Snakes  here.*  What  does  this  mean?  I  had  no 
opportunity  of  discovering  daring  my  sabscquent  travels, 
nor  did  1  s^  the  like  notice  anywhere  else.  I  must  leave 
this  matter  to  be  investigated  by  some  future  traveller." 

In  Barrow's  Tour,  round  Ireland  in  1835,  where 

he  speaks  of  the  village  of  Glenarm  (far  from 

Omagh),  he  says :  — 

"  I  observed  a  notice  painted  on  a  board  in  a  small 
garden  as  follows :  *  Bewar  of  Sneks*  At  first  I  confess 
that  this  brief  caution  puzzled  me  a  little,  and  at  the 
moment  J  concluded  that  it  could  only  mean  *  Beware  of 
Stakes.'  This,  however,  it  turned  out,  was  a  very  useful 
notice  and  well  understood  by  the  natives,  though  I  had 
not  the  sagacity  to  find  it  out.  It  was  nothing  more  nor 
less  tiian  the  technical  name  for  a  species  of  our  man- 
traps, so  constructed  as  to  seize  hold  of  the  l^s  of  those 
who  happened  to  be  caught  in  it." 

The  Scottish  word  mak,  as  used  by  Gavin 
Douglas,  &c.,  means  the  gnashing  of  a  dog's  jaws 
together  when  he  aims  at  his  prey.         A.  P.  P. 

Watt  Monument,  Gre^ock. 

SuPEESTiTioN  IN  India.  —  Please  preserve  the 
following  fragment :  — 

**  A  curious  case  was  lately  tried  before  the  Sessions 
Judge  of  Nellore.  A  woman  with  a  few  young  children 
was  walking  one  evening  after  dark  to  Nellore,  and 
stopped  to  rest  beneath  a  tamarind  tree  which  had 
the  reputation  of  being  haunted.  A  washerman  came 
along  driving  an  ass,  and  seeing  the  figure  beneath  the 
tree  called  out  demanding  who  was  there.  The  woman 
replied, '  a  Yanad,'  when  the  man  instantly  rushed  at  her 
and  struck  her  with  a  heavy  stick.  Both  the  children 
and  the  man  fled  in  terror  from  the  place.  The  man  at 
once  told  what  he  had  done,  but  the  woman  when  found 
was  quite  dead.  The  judge  admitted  his  plea,  as  it  was 
apparent  that  he  could  have  had  no  other  motive  for 
assaulting  the  woman  than  his  opinion  that  she  was 
something  supernatural,  but  convicted  him  of  culpable 
homicide  as  he  had  not  exercised  due  carefulness,  passing 
sentence  of  one  year's  rigorous  imprisonment. — Friend 
of  India,  June  26." — Leeds  Mercury,  Aug.  11. 

A.  0.  V.  P. 

The  Princess  Pauline  von  Schwarzenberg, 
BORN  Princesse  d'Aremberg. — Speaking  of  this 
lamented  person  (vide  *'  N.  &  Q."  4*  S.  iv.  106, 
"  Napoleon  I.,"  &c.),  I  ought  to  have  mentioned 
that  among  other  accomplishments  she  was  very 
clever  at  etchinff.  I  have  a  small  view  of  the 
Castle  of  Eisenberg  in  Bohemia,  belonging  to 
Prince  Lobkowitz,  whose  vdfe  was  born  I^cess 


of  Schwarzenberg,  underneath  which  is  engraved 
*'  Dess.  et  gr.  par  Pauline  de  Schwarzenberg." 

P.A.I4. 

Sir  John  Perrot,  Ejiight,  was  Governor- 
General  of  Ireland  horn  1584  to  1588.  Sir 
Nicholas  White,  Master  of  the  Bolls  in  that  king- 
dom, said  of  his  government, — 

'*  Padficavit  Cennaciam ; 

Belaxavit  mediam ; 
Subju^^avit  Ultoniam ;  fregit  Lageniam; 

Ligavit  Mononiam : 

Extirpavit  Scotos, 

Befrenavit  Anglos, 
£t  his  omnibus  per  »que  vectigal 

Acquisivit  Beginse." 

I  find  this  expression  in  a  Hidory  of  Sir  John 
Perrot*8  Administration  (London,  4to,  1626),  which 
terminated  so  highly  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Irish,  that  on  his  reciEdl  young  men  from  Dublin 
guarded  him  from  that  port  across  the  sea  to  his 
castle  at  Carew,  Pembrokeshire. 

Thomas  E.  WnwEBrGiojr. 

FBiographical  notices  of  Sir  John  Penot  are  giveit  in 
«  N.  (b  Q."  I't  S.  ii.  217,  254 ;  3'*  S.  viii.  108.— EbJ 

Robert   Burns.  —  The  following   review   of 

Poems  chiefly  in  the  Scottish  Dialect,  by  Robert 

Bums^  printed   at  Kilmarnock,  from  the  New 

London  Magcadne,  1786,  may  deserve  a  place  in 

your  columns  to  rescue  it  from  oblivion :  — 

**  We  do  not  recollect  to  have  ever  met  with  a  more 
signal  instance  of  true  and  uncultivated  genius  than  in 
the  author  of  these  poems.  His  occupation  is  that  of  a 
common  ploughman,  and  his  life  has  hitherto  been  wgwDt 
in  struggling  with  poverty.  But  all  the  rigours  of  for- 
tune have  not  been  able  to  repress  the  frequent  c^orts  of 
his  lively  and  vigorous  imagination,  some  of  those 
poems  are  of  a  serious  cast,  but  the  strain  which  seems 
most  natural  to  the  author  is  the  sportive  and  hmnoioiis. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Scottish  dialect,  in  which 
these  poems  are  written,  must  obscure  the  native  bMU- 
ties  with  which  they  appear  to  abound,  and  renders  the 
sense  unintelligible  to  an  English  reader.  Should  it, 
however,  prove  true  that  the  author  has  beoi  taken  ondor 
the  patronage  of  a  great  lady  in  Scotland,  and  that  a 
celebrated  professor  has  interested  himself  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  his  talents,  there  is  reason  to  hope  that  his  dis- 
tinguished genius  may  yet  be  exerted  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  afford  more  general  delight.  In  the  mean  time^  ITS 
must  admire  the  generous  enthusiasm  of  his  untntoied 
muse,  and  bestow  the  tribute  of  just  applause  on  one 
whose  name  will  be  transmitted  to  posterity  with 
honour." 

The  above  critique  contrasts  favourably  with 
those  in  the  Edinburgh  and  Quarterly  Review  of 
modem  days  on  the  first  poetical  attempts  of 
Byron  and  Keats.  H.  H. 

Portsmouth. 

Daniel  Defoe's  First  Publication.  —  An 
honest  writer  is  bound  to  correct,  immediately  on 
discovery,  any  possible  error  he  may  have  com- 
mitted. The  subject  of  Defoe's  first  printed 
work  was  known  to  all  his  previous  biographers, 
but  none  of  them  succeeded  in  finding  a  copy.    I 


4th  S.  IV.  Sept.  25,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


253 


had  good  reason  to  think  myself  more  fortunate ; 
and,  at  p.  20  of  his  Jdfe^  have  attributed  to  him — 

**  A  Letter,  containing  some  Reflections  on  His  Ma- 
jesty's Declaration  for  Liberty  of  Conscience.  Dated  the 
4th  April,  1687." 

Adding  the  catalogue  reference  to  the  copy  in  the 
British  Museum,  so  that  my  readers  might  see 
for  themselves. 

In  Bohn's  edition  of  Lowndes'  Bibliographer' 8 
Manual,  I  find  the  same  pamphlet  placed  under 
'^Burnet  (Gilbert),"  and  believe  it  is  printed 
among  the  Bishop's  works.  K  rightly  so  placed, 
Defoe's  tract  is  still  unfound. 

While  I  have  pen  in  hand,  permit  me  to  say  I 
hope  to  give  you,  shortly,  the  results  of  a  long 
and  very  laborious  investigation  as  to  "  The  Nego- 
ciations  of  Monsr.  Mesnager^'  C*N.  &  Q."  4*^  S. 
iii.  648.)  W.  Lee. 

A  Broadside  Query. — Does  a  broadside  with 
the  heading  — 

"  Las  fiestas  y  singulares  favores  que  a  Don  Diego 
Hurtado  de  Mendoza,  etc.,  al  sercnissimo  Rey  de  la  Gran 
Bretana,"  etc. — 

with  a  fine  engraving  of  a  banquet,  signed  "M.T.," 
in  which  the  King  (James  L)  is  sitting  with  his 
crown  on,  the  Prince  of  Wales  sitting  on  a  stool 
at  the  side — occur  in  a  book,  or  is  it  a  separate 
broadside  printed  for  the  occasion  ?  J.  C.  J. 

Decoration  op  Honour.  —  I  have  casts  or 
moulds  of  what  I  consider  to  be  a  decoration  of 
honour,  but  not  finding  it  in  Burke's  Orders  of 
Knighthood y  I  will  attempt  to  describe  it  for  the 
purpose  of  identification.  Its  form  is  oval  with 
projections  at  each  end,  the  upper  one  being  per- 
lorated  as  if  for  suspension.  The  presumed  obverse 
exhibits  a  bust  in  profile  of  a  prince  or  chief, 
wearing  a  high  cap  or  coronet.  The  legend  sur- 
rounding it  is, "  -h  C  .  Q  .  KY  .  PC  .  CECUM  .  VOLG  . 

ORD  .  gor  .  —  GO,"  and  on  the  projection  at  the 
bottom  "  AN  .  REG  .  XXI  (?)."  In  the  centime  of 
the  reverse  is  represented  the  sun  in  his  splendour, 
surroundedby  the  legend,  "uniyersus  .  splendor  . 
UNivEiSA  .  BENEvoLENTiA,"  and  ou  the  projection 
at  the  bottom  "  an  .  inst  .  8799."  I  shall  feel 
greatly  obliged  by  any  information  respecting  this 
handsome  decoration,  if  it  be  such.  M.  D. 

Isaac  Dorislaus  was  murdered  in  May,  1649, 
while  taking  his  supper  at  an  inn  called  the  White 
Swan  (Witte  Zwaan)  at  the  Hague.  Does  this 
house  still  exist  ?  If  so,  I  should  be  obliged  to 
any  one  who  would  tell  me  where  to  find  it. 

Edward  Peacock. 

Bottesford  Manor,  Brigg. 

Einfeltig. — In  the  TJnivei'sal  Catalogue  of  Art 
Books  I  notice  a  book  published  at  Nuremberg 
in  1539,  fur  die  Leyen  vnd  EinfeUigen,     Binfdkig 


in  modem  German  means  siUj/,  but  I  am  inclined 
to  think  it  here  means  simple.  Can  any  of  your 
readers  tell  me  whether  einfeltig  in  mediaeval 
German  meant  the  simple  or  unlearned,  or  whe- 
ther it  has  anything  to  do  with  singleness  of  heart? 
Perhaps  Mr.  Kindt,  Germany  ("Ist's  wo  am 
Rhein  die  Rebe  bliiht,  Ist's  wo  am  Belt  die  Mowe 
zieht  ?/')  will  help.  Alfred  Strong. 

Junior  Athenaeum  Club. 

Greek  Epitaph. — A  clerical  friend,  now  un- 
happily blind,  was  struck  by  the  words  of  an  old 
English  glee  or  part-song.  He  desires  to  find  the 
original  Greek  epitaph  of  which  they  are  the 
translation.  The  work  is  too  arduous  for  me  to 
undertake,  but  your  well-read  correspondents  may 
be  up  in  ^^  epitaphia,"  and  could  assist  me.  The 
following  are  the  lines :  — 

**  Here  in  sweet  sleep  the  son  of  Nikon  lies ; 
He  sleeps — for  who  shall  say  the  good  man  dies  ?  " 

The  son  of  Nikon  would  appear  to  be  the 
excellent  Galen — much  honoured  by  his  fellow 
citizens  of  Pergamos,  and  world-renowned  for  his 
medical  lore.  His  death  (vide  Smith's  Dictionary) 
took  place  circa  201-3.  No  other  descendant  of 
a  Nikon  appears  remarkable.  M.  A. 

'^  Gave  Out."— Is  not  this  an  Americanism,  as 
the  words  are  used  in  the  following  quotation  P 
It  is  to  be  found  in  the  American  translation  of 
Neander's  Life  of  Christ,  in  treating  of  the  "  Water 
turned  into  Wine,"  where  it  is  said,  "  The  wine 
provided  for  the  occasion  gave  out^^  or  became  de- 
ficient. J.  Macbay. 

Harvest  Cart. — Why  are  boughs  of  the  ash 
tree  exclusively  used  for  decorating  "  the  harvest 
cart "  P  This  is  the  case  in  various  parts  of  the 
midland  counties.  T.  P.  F. 

SS.  Jtjvenalis. — Will  you  please  inform  me  if 

the  following  book  is  scarce  or  curious  P    The 

title  is  — 

*'  Historia  delli  due  Santi  Giovenali  Yescoui  di  Name, 
con  alcune  Considerationi  ad  essa  spettanti,  Consacrata 
alia  gloria  di  detti  Santi  &  alia  deuotione  della  medeaima 
Citt^  verso  di  loro.    In  Roma,  1646." 

In  the  book  there  is  an  engraving  of  the  tomb 
of  one  saint,  marked  — 

*<  Effigie  di  S.  Giouenale  tronata  T  anno  1642,  impressa 
nel  fondo  del  sao  sepolcro  di  pietra." 

A.  J.  T. 

Lace  of  Ground. — I  have  just  returned  from  a 
tour  in  Cornwall.  On  August  23  I  slept  at  Cam- 
borne. As  a  sale  of  ground  by  a  Mr.  Folsue  was 
occurring  in  the  hotel  in  which  I  had  taken  up 
my  quarters,  I  entered  the  room  whilst  the 
auctioneer  was  describing  the  property  (leasehold) 
as  "  containing  about  forty  lace  of  ground.'*  Un- 
acquainted with  the  measure,  I  at  once  inquired 
'^  what  quantity  of  land  was  contained  in  a  lace  P  " 
The  reply  was  "dxteen  feet  square" ;  consequently 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4""  S.  IT.  Seft,  SB,  -SB. 


the  estate  consieted   of   two  hundred   and  furtj- 

a'uara  feet :  a  dwellmg-hauBe  was  on  the  ground, 
y  query  is, — -what  ia  the  etymology  of  the  term 
"Iace"P  There  was  another,  to  me,  peculiarity  it 
the  Bale.  I  have  been  preaant  at  liundreds  of 
sales  by  auction,  and  that  was,  that  the  biddings 
were  regulated  by  the  auctioneer  looking  at  a 
watch  on  the  table  before  him,  and  saying,  "two 
minutes  hare  expired  since  a  bidding ;  if  I  do  not 
have  another  I  shall  knock  it  down,"  which,  too, 
he  did  for  one  hundred  and  twenty  pounds.  I  am 
acquainted  with  "sales  by  candle,"  &c.  I  know 
that  an  act  of  parliament  requires  that  some 
turnpike  tolls  be  let  by  biddings  regulated  by  a 
three-minutc  sand-glass. 

AxFBBD  John  Dunkei. 
11,  Beuboroueh  Gardens,  South  lletgravia. 
QtJKBB  -MiBT  iNB  De  Tnoc— Mr.  Jlotley,  in 
his  Xise  of  the  Dutch  S^ublk  (i.  123),  saya  that 
Queen  Mary  the  first  of  England  forbad  'Iprayers 
to  be  siud  for  the  soul  of  her  father."  The  ac- 
complUhed  historian  quotes  De  Thou  (ii.  419)  as 
his  authority.  I  hare  not  the  latter  book  at 
hand,  but  doubt  not  that  the  statement  occurs 
there  as  reported.  I  do,  however,  yery  strongly 
doubt  its  accuracy.  Will  some  one  tell  us  on 
what  evidence  De  Thou  rested,  vben  he  made 
this  startling  assertion,  A.  O.  V.  P. 

MEFHiaioPHELEa  ON  the  Stage. — The  stage 
representation  of  the  seducing:  spirit,  in  the  mea^ 
English  drama  founded  on  Qoethe's  great  poem, 
ia  evidently  copied  from  that  given  in  Eetzsch's 
powerful  outlines.  But  whence  did  Retzsch  draw 
his  conception?  Inever  look  at  the  picture  without 
associating  it  in  my  mind  with  the  description 
^ven  us  by  the  historians  of  the  Thirty  lears' 
War  of  Tilly,  the  hero  of  Magdeburg.  Is  it 
possible  that  this  could  be  the  original  of  the 
pictured  demon  ?  D.  BuiB. 

Melbourne. 

Plisi  Names.  —  In  an  article  entitled  "  A 
Handful  of  Pansiea,"  by  Frances  Freelin(?Broderip, 
which  appeared  in  The  Argoty  of  July  last,  the 
following  plant  names  occur  :  "  Fairy  hand-shoes, 
curds-in- cream,  snow-under-the-hill,  fwiy  trum- 
pets, two-pocketfl-of- money,  Jack-behmd-the- 
garden-gate."  Can  any  one  tell  me  the  plants  to 
which  these  refer  P  The  Srst  may  be  DigitaUt 
purpurea,  the  last  Viola  tricolor ;  but  of  tbe  others 
I  am  quite  ignorant. 

May  I  inform  the  readers  of  "  N.   Sn  Q."  tbat 
I  have  left  High  Wycombe,  and  that  all  commu- 
nications on  the  above  subject  should  be  addressed 
to  me  at  the  Royal  Herbarium,  Kew,  London,  W. 
Jahbs  Britteit.     , 

"  The  Ppksuit  of  Pleas  dee.  "—In  the  kev  I 
plate  of  Mr.  Noal  Paton'a  picture,  "  Th 
(tf  Pleasure,"  the  following  veise  occurs : 


"  nnfathomtble  sea  whtae  waves  Mn  ye»n, 
OceoD  of  Time,  wbow  wat«s  of  deep  woe 
Aie  brackish  with  tbe  salt  of  human  tesn, 
Tbal  shoreleKa  flood,  which  in  ita  ebb  and  flow 
Doth  cUep  tbe  limits  of  mortality." 

Who  is  the  author  of  these  lines  P  H.  C. 

RERBUoirSE.^In  Mr.Heexank  Eihdt's  article 
on  "  Flinter-mouse  "  (ontf,  p.  167)  a  passage  is 
quoted  from  the  Coriihill  Magaant,  in  which  rtr*- 
mome  is  said  to  be  "the  old  English  hrere-mni, 
from  Arernn,  to  flutter."  I  find,  however,  in  Mr. 
Morris's  glo^sarial  index  to  the  Ai/enbiU  of  Imof/t 
(Early  English  Teit  Society),  under  the  wiad 
"  Ualowe-mous  "  (i.  e.  bald-mouse)  tbe  following 
remark:  "The  bat  is  sometimes  called  a  rtra- 
meate,  from  the  A.-S.  hrire,  raw,"  the  latter  h^ng 
of  course  the  existing,  though  old-fashioned,  wtod 
rare,  as  applied  to  a  joint  on  the  table.  Which 
is  the  true  derivation  P  C.  P.  F. 

Stravowaybs   o¥  Well,  —  Any  information 

respecting  the  Strangwayes  family,  such  as  ex- 
tracts from  registers,  notes  of  wilts,  monumental 
inscriptions,  &c.,  between  the  years  1600  and 
1700,  will  be  most  acceptable  to  Edwasb  Mos- 
roB,  the  Villa,  Malton. 

Serps  ob  Cbbfs. — In  Carlyle'a  Fraich  Seooit- 
tion  (chap,  ii.)  reference  ia  made  to  an  andent 
feudal  law  in  France  which  entitled  a  aeignem, 
as  he  returned  horn  hunting,  to  "  kill  not  more 
than  two  serfs,  and  to  refresh  his  feet  in  thdi 
warm  blood  and  bowels."  The  reference  gives 
Tor  the  existence  of  this  law  is  Hittoire  de  la  JUv. 
Fr.  par  Deax  AmiM  de  la  Uberti,  ii.  212.  Paris, 
1792.  This  book  is  not  to  be  found  in  any  of  our 
Victorian  Ubraries,  so  tbat  the  reference  cannot 
be  verified  here.  But  in  not  one  of  scores  of 
authorities  which  I  have  consulted  can  I  find  the 
extraordinary  law  in  question  mentioned.  Even 
De  Tocqueville  is  alent  respecting  it  The  query 
ia,  waa  there  ever  in  fact  such  a  law  in  existence, 
and  is  there  any  instance  given  of  its  being  ac- 
tually put  in  practice  P  I  have  always  had  A 
suspicion  that  Mr.  Cailyle  may,  by  an  oremg^^ 
have  confused  the  English  ser/with  the  French 
'  ixrf  in  making  his  reference.  But  he  is  4suallj 
I  40  accurate,  and  the  reference  being  repeated  to 
the  letter  in  the  new  edition  of  his  works  now 
'  issuing,  I  am  anxious  to  have  a  little  furthai 
I  Ugbt  upon  this  singular  point.  D.  Blub. 

Melbourne. 

I  "SinfoiMQ  THB  Hatchei."  —  In  Devon  and 
I  Cornwall  a  lazy  person  ia  not  unfrequently  desig^- 
nated  as  "  slinging  the  hatchet."  Now,  whether 
the  expression  was  oripnally  applied  to  wood- 
!  (lutters  in  particular,  who,  on  leaving  off  work, 
I  ''sling  the  hatchet"  over  their  shoulders,  I  am 
I  unable  to  state.  Perhaps  some  correspondent  will 
I  enlighten  me.  H.  W.  R. 


4th  s.  IV.  Sept.  25,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


255 


Sundry  Queries. — 

1.  What  is  the  meanlDg  of  (L)  t^  cAm  irplcurBai 

Koi  roh^  &\as  ?    (ii.)  Of  ^irl  e<Jpois  t^p  ii^piay  ?  (iii.)  Of 
Aioyvcio^  iv  Kopivdcp  P 

2.  Whence  the  following :  — 

"  Jam  fuerit,  neque  post  unqaam  revocare  lioebit "  ? 

3.  Where  may  be  found  (i.)  A  discussion  on  the 
language  of  Aristotle,  as  distinguished  from  his 
philosophy  ?  (ii.)  A  comparison  of  the  syntax  of 
Plautus  with  that  of  the  Augustan  writers  ? 

4.  What  were  the  different  provinces  of  the 
KpiTiKSfj  ypafifiario'T-fiij  ypaixfxarisSsj  in  the  Alexan- 
drian school  ? 

5.  What  were  the  national  deities  of  the  Britons, 
and  to  which  of  the  Roman  deities  were  they 
made  individually  to  correspond  ?  To  what  an- 
cient dedicatory  inscriptions  can  we  refer  on  the 
subject? 

6.  What  places  in  England  correspond  severally 
to  Othana,  Partus  Adumij  Insula  Romana  f  How 
was  the  first  discovered  ?     P.  J.  F.  Gantillon. 

Three  Tailors  of  Toole y  Street. — I  shall 
feel  obliged  if  any  of  your  correspondents  would 
say  if  there  is  any  historical  foundation  for  the 
common  story  of  *'The  Three  Tailors  of  Tooley 
Street,"  and  their  petition  "  We,  the  people  of 
England"?  Probably  you  have  answered  this 
already.  In  which  case,  would  you  kindly  say 
in  what  number  and  page  of  your  publication  the 
reply  was  given  ?  *  ScoTUS. 

Glasgow. 

Popular  Phraseology:  Warm. — Amongst  a 
certain  class  of  persons  in  this  part  of  the  county 
of  Sussex  you  will  never  hear  it  said  of  a  wealthy 
man  that  he  is  rich,  but  that  he  is  warm.  I  have 
tried  in  vain  to  run  this  singular  expression  to 
ground,  aad  therefore  venture  to  ask  help  from 
any  good-natured  correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q." 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Rectory. 

J.  WiLLME    OF  Martinscroft.  —  I  have  a 

curious  quarto  volume,  printed  for  the  author  at 

London  in  the  year  176G,  entitled  — 

**  Sepherah  Sholosh :  Three  Letters  sent  to  some  dis- 
persed, but  well-advised  Jews,  now  resident  at  Liverpool, 
in  Lancashire.    13 v  J.  Willme." 

The  work  is  of  an  absurdly  mystical  character, 
ringing  the  changes  upon  the  well-known  number 
of  the  Beast ;  its  seven  heads  and  ten  horns  being 
applied  to  the  seven  Electoral  Princes  of  Germany, 
and  to  their  ten  provinces  or  circles.  I  shall  be 
glad  of  any  information  relative  to  the  author,  who 
dates  his  first  letter  from  "  Moss-croft,"  cditer  Mar- 
tin's-croft,  May  10,  1755,  0.  S.  M.  D. 

[*  An  inquiry  after  these  worthies  was  made  in  our 
3"*  S.  X.  2G9,  but  without  eliciting  any  reply.] 


Did  Harvey  commit  Suicide  ? — I  have  been 
greatly  startled  by  reading  in  Fusseirs  Journey 
round  Kent,  p.  166,  the  following  extraordinary 
statement :  — 

"  It  is  melancholy  and  horrible  to  relate  that  Harvey, 
after  having  immortalised  his  name  by  the  most  important 
discovery  which  had  ever  graced  the  science  of  medicine, 
and  a  long  life  passed  in  acts  of  benevolence,  closed  his 
mortal  career  by  suicide !  Having  attained  the  age  of 
ninety  years,  the  loss  of  his  sight  overwhelmed  his  decay- 
ing faculties ;  he  sunk  in  despair,  and  destroyed  himself 
by  poison." 

As  I  find  no  mention  of  this  painful  incident 
in  Chalmers'  Biop'aphiced  Dictionary  or  any  other 
authority  in  my  reach,  may  I  ask  through 
"  N.  &  Q."  whether  there  is  any  or  what  founda- 
tion for  Fussell's  statement?  J.  Mb. 

[We  believe  there  is  really  no  foundation  for  Fosseirs 
story.  In  the  life  of  Harvey  in  Dr.  Munk*s  admirable 
Roll  of  the  Royal  CoUege  of  Physicians  of  London^  i.  119 
et  seq.  this  piece  of  scandal  is  not  even  alluded  to ;  bnt  in 
the  more  elaborate  life  of  the  great  physician  which  Dr. 
VViUis  has  prefixed  to  his  edition  of  The  Works  of  WiUiam 
Harvey,  M,D,,  translated  from  the  Latin,  with  a  Life  of 
the  Author,  printed  for  the  Sydenham  Society,  we  find 
at  p.  Ixxxvi.  the  following  note,  which  clearly  shows  how 
the  story  originated :  — 

**  Anbrey  gives  a  positive  denial  to  *  the  scandall  that 
ran  strongly  against  him  (Harvey),  viz.  that  he  made 
himself  away,  to  put  himself  out  of  his  paine,  by  opiam.' 
Aubrey  proceeds :  *  The  scandall  aforesaid  is  from  Sir 
Charles  Scarboroagh*8  saying  that  he  (Harvey)  had 
towards  his  latter  end  a  preparation  of  opium  which  he 
kept  in  his  study  to  take  if  occasion  should  serve,  to  pat 
him  out  of  his  paine,  and  which  Sir  Charles  promised  to 
give  him.  This  I  believe  to  be  true,  but  do  not  at  all 
believe  that  he  did  really  give  it  him.  The  palsey  did 
give  him  an  easy  passage.'" — Aubrey's  Letters  from 
the  Bodleian^  p.  386.] 

Prior's  Poems. — In  looking  over  the  contents 
of  an  old  portfolio  that  had  not  been  opened  for 
many  years,  I  lighted  on  a  note-book  tnat  I  had 
formerly,  but  very  irregularly,  devoted  to  the  pur- 
poses recommended  by  Captain  Cuttle.  Under  the 
heading  of  "  Quotations,"  I  found  — 

*'  That  if  weak  women  went  astray. 
Their  stars  were  more  in  fault  than  they  " ; 

below  which  I  had  written  '*  Qu.  author."  By  a 
singular  coincidence  I  purchased  on  the  same  day 
the  Poems  on  Several  Occasions^  by  the  late  Mat- 
thew Prior,  printed  for  J.  and  R.  Tonson  and 
others,  1766.  The  poems  are  in  one  volume,  and 
I  bought  it  chiefly  for  the  good  engraving  it  has 
of  the  author  by  Basire  after  H.  R^gault.  On 
opening  the  book  the  lines  I  have  referred  to 
caught  my  attention ;  they  occur  in  a  poem  called 
"Hans  Carvel,"  which  is  not  given  in  Johnson's 


256 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»J»  S.  IV.  Sbpt.  25.  '69. 


English  PoetSf  nor  do  I  remember  to  haye  seen 
it  before.  Of  the  niece  itself,  suffice  it  to  say,  it 
is  tale  eighteen  (Ohiswick,  1814,)  from  Shake- 
tpeare's  Jed  Book,  put  into  verse,  and  its  publi- 
cation in  1766  shows  how  little  squeamish  readers 
were  a  century  ago.  I  should  like  to  know  if 
this  was  the  latest  edition  in  which  it  appeared. 

Charles  Wyub. 

[*♦  Hans  Carvel "  is  printed  in  Prior's  Poems  on  Several 
Oceaeions,  DaMin,  1768,  i  62  ;  as  well  as  in  Anderson's 
Poets  of  Great  Britain,  vii.  414 ;  Alex.  Chalmers's  English 
Poets,  X.  154  ;  and  The  Poetical  Works  of  Matthew 
Prior,  with  a  Life  by  the  Rev.  John  Mitford,  i.  128,  Bos- 
ton, U.  S,  1854.] 

London  Token. — A  token  (brass)  was  recently 
found  in  the  church  of  Leighton  Bromswold,  co. 
Hunts,  while  imder^oing  repair.  On  the  one  side 
is  a  circular  inscription  "  hvgh  lvmbard  at  the 
IN,"  with  the  prince's  feather  and  motto  "Ich 
dien  "  in  the  centre.  On  the  other  side  is  arranged 

as  follows :  — 

*      *      • 

WOLLCHV 
BCH 
HABKETT 

•    1670    • 

•  •      L       •      • 

•  H      •      I      • 

To  what  place  does  this  refer  ?  T.  P.  F. 

[This  is  a  token  of  Hugh  Lumbard  of  Woolchurch  or 
Stocks  Market,  now  the  Mansion  Hoose  of  the  City  of 
London,  erected  in  1738.  It  is  described  in  Boyne's 
Tokens  of  the  Seventeenth  Century,  ed.  1858,  p.  336, 
and  in  Beaufoy's  London  Tradesmen's  Tokens,  ed.  1855, 
p.  263.] 


ORIGIN  OF  NEWSPAPERS. 
(3"»  S.  iv.  191.) 

Your  learned  correspondent,  Mb.  George  Aij- 
eusTUS  Sala,  declares  that  he  is  quite  willing  to 
abandon  his  theory  of  the  word  "  gazette  "  being 
dfflived  from  any  other  than  the  supposed  Italian 
coin  called  ^'^etta^"  if  it  can  only  be  proved 
that  such  a  piece  or  money  really  at  one  time 
existed.  I  feel  myself  strongly  inclined  to  adopt 
the  usual  derivation  of  the  word  "gazette,*'  as  it 
seems  to  me  to  be  most  plausible. 

Mr.^  Atjoustxjs  Sala  distrusts  the  existence  of 
the  coin  in  question ;  but  if  he  will  refer  to  Nares' 
Glossary  (London,  1822),  he  -will  find  imder  the 
word  "  Gazette  "  the  following  extract: — 

**  I  have  seen  at  least  a  thousand  or  fifteene  hundred 
people  there  (at  St  Stephen's,  Venice)  :  if  yoM  will  have 
a  stoole  it  will  cost  you  a  gazet,  which  is  almost  a  penny." 
— Cor>'at,  vol.  ii.  p.  15,  repr. 

Surely  this  is  sufficient  testimony  to  prove  that 


once  upon  a  time  such  a  coin  was  current^  and 
consequently  the  popular  belief  of  the  now  familiar 
word  ''gazette'  being  originally  of  Venetian 
origin,  and  derived  from  a  piece  of  money  by 
name  ''gazetta,''  is  not  altop^ther  without  foun- 
dation. Again^  in  the  British  Q/dopadia  (Part- 
ington, vol.  iii.  p.  93),  the  writer  says : — 

**  The  war  which  the  repubUc  of  Yenioe  waged  against 
Salzman  II.,  in  Dalmatia,  gave  riae  in  1568  to  the  cnatom 
in  Venice  of  communicating  the  military  and  oommerdal 
information  by  written  ahmts,  to  be  rnd  at  a  particiilar 
place  by  those  desirous  to  learn  the  news,  who  paid  for 
this  privilege  in  a  coin,  not  any  longer  in  use,  called 
*gazetta,* — a  name  whidi,  by  degrees,  was  transferred 
to  the  newspaper  itself  in  Italy  uid  France,  and  which 
ultimately  passed  over  into  this  country.  A  file  of  these 
Venetian  papers  of  the  earliest  date  is  still  preserved  in 
the  Magliabeechi  library  at  Florence." 


S 


As  to  the  value  of  the  coin  in  question^  there 
is  a  little  uncertainty.  I  am  inclined  to  put  it  at 
about  three  farthings.  This  value^  then,  will 
a^e  with  that  mentioned  in  the  extract  abovBy 
VIZ.,  that  it  '^  is  almost  a  penn^."  In  the  Dic» 
tionary  of  Archaic  and  Provinctal  Words^  voL  L 
p.  395,  the  '*  ffazet ''  is  said  to  be  a  Venetiaa  ooin 
worth  about  tnree  farthing 

I  do  not  agree  at  all  with  those  who  eatioMite 
its  value  at  a  farthing.    What  newspaper  ever 
et  has  been  product  at  that   absuid  piioaP 
\  Jonson  (Fox,  ii.  2)  has  the  following : — 

*'  What  monstrous  and  most  painAil  circumstance 
Is  here  to  get  some  three  or  four  gazets. 
Some  three-pence  in  the  wliole,  for  that  'twill  come  to." 

So  much  to  prove  the  existence  of  the  said 
'  coin.  Many,  however,  have  given  various  deriva- 
tions of  the  word  ''gazette."  Some  derive  it, 
says  'ReesjCCfgclcptBdia,  voL  xv.),  by  corraption, 
from  the  Hebrew  izgad,  which  signifies  nuntiu8f 
a  messenger;  but  this  etymology  is  too  much 
forced. 

D'Israeli,  in  his  Curiosities  of  Literature,  vol.  i. 
p.  226,  gives  a  note  on  the  subject,'  and  Lemon, 
m  his  Jbnglish  Etymology ,  says : — 

'* Gazette— o^eC^o — ^gaza,  vox  Persica,  pecunia  Regis: 
'  Menagius  nomen  hoc  putat  accepisse  a  Veneto  nummo^ 
qui  gazetta  dicebatur,  ac  jastum  erat  istiusmodi  nood' 
farumpretium;  unde  quoque  nomen  hujus  nummi  podtea 
coepit  usurpari  pro  ipsia  novellis. — Jun.'  Literally,  a 
pcnnworth  of  news ;  and  sometimes  but  a  poor  penny- 
worth into  the  bargain." 

Mr.  Augustus  Sala  thinks  it  possible  that  the 
Mint  at  Venice,  called  "La  Zecca,"  may  in 
former  times  have  issued  a  small  token  or  pocket- 
piece  called  a  zecchino  or  zecchetto,  I  think  he  is 
right;  and  on  referring  to  Blainville's  Traveie 
through  Italy  (London,  1747,  vol.  i.  p.  534),  I 
find  the  following  :— 

"  From  the  Library  we  went  to  the  Zecca,  that  is,  to 
the  palace  where  their  public  money  is  struck  ;  whence 
comes   the  word  zecchino  or  sequin,  the  name  of  the 

Venetian  gold  coin These  sequins  are  of  the  same 

value  with  the  golden  ducats  of  Grermany  and  the  Low 


NOTES  ANDQUEBIES. 


Countries,  and  pasa  cnrrentlj- Jbr  the  a; 
c«ptiDS  at  Venicf  " 


d  pasa  cnrrentlj- _( 
enice,   where  they 


t  i/unj, 


^e  Engliah  n 


,  rn  dacatB,  wbich  ia  tbs  ICitlian  term 
for  those  ducats  of  gold.  But  there  is  a  kind  of  tiww 
struck  in  Hungary,  very  much  resembling  the  seqoiiin 
on  one  side,  yind  passpg  for  the  same  vslue  in  trade.  .  It 
Is  (Vom  a  Te^  good  political  reason  that  the  sequim 
tboold  in  their  owa  territories  pasa  for  more  than  thu 
umHi  becauae  they  therefore  prcvenl  the  Jewa  and 
other  money-getting  people  from  i-jiportiEg  them  out  i,i 
tha  c«untry,  ,Khick  might  be  of  great  prejudice  to  iLi.' 

In  conclusion,  I  thint  one  may  aafely  beliayo 
that  a  coin  by  name  "  gazetta  "  really  at  one  timi; 
ejtbted  at  Vemce,.tod  that  tlie  amount  of  pro- 
i^'bOity  IB  in  tovouT'  of  deriving  our  word  "  g-a- 
lette  "  libm  such  a  coin.  T.  T.  DrBK. 

■  Mb.  G.  a.  Sala,  after  alluding  to  the  fact  that 
Gftzettes  are  said  to  derive  their  name  from  tht; 
ffouUa,  a  small  Venetian  coin  at  the  price  nf 
which  they  were  sold,  wishes  to  he  referred  to 
Bome  Italian  book  of  the  sixteenth  century  in 
which  such  a  coin  ia  mentioned.  It  would  per- 
haps be  difficult  to  find  such  coin  mentioned  in 
any  book  of  the  sixteenth  century;  but  Li];)pi 
(Lorenzo),  in  his  work  entitled  MiUmantile  luic- 
ouutato,  Poema  di  Ferlone  ZipoU,  published  at 
Firenze  in  1686,  renders  GasaeUe,  "Novelle,  avrisi, 
carte  d'  awisi.  E  GaOfetta  diciamo  anche  Is  eiojSa 
Teneziana"  [see  note  on  stanza  ixxvi.,  teizo  can- 
tare,  p.  140],  And  earlier  still,  Ferrari  (Octav.) 
Orig.  Ling.  Ital.  (Patftv.  1670),  says :  — 

"  Gaatta,  Vencta  moneta  argentei,  daarum  asnam. 
Sed  unde  appellala  ait  noudom  mihi  compertum  est. 
Quo  pretio,  cum  olim  auncii  remm  toto  orbe  gestanim, 
qniB  Tacitus  dinma  appellat,  panirentur,  ipsa  dinmn 
Gazrlle  vocitantur." 

Mr.  Sala  says  also  that,  in  former  times,  the 
Zecca  of  Venice  may  hare  issued  a  small  coin 
called  a  secckino  or  :M!chetio,  and  he  asks  — 

"  Is  it  not  more  probable  that  agazttlt  was  christened 
GoMUa,  the  diminutive  of  jroiio,  a  magple'or  chatterer  i 
Such  is  my  hypotheaia.  Have  I  been  fcrestall^d  in  it  ?  ' 
The  general  opinion  seems  to  be  that  the  coin 
called  "  sequin  "  (It.  secehino)  had  iU  name  from 
the  Zecca  where  it  was  first  coined  (so  calii^d 
probably  from  Bfi<cn,  a  repository).  With  regard 
to  the  latter  part  of  Mb.  Sala's  question,  I  will 
merely  refer  to  a  note  on  the  word  Gaxette  in 
the  Encyc.  ties  Gens  du  Monde  (1833-44) :  — 

"  t^uelijue  mi'disant  a  m^hamment  invents  nn  antra 
AymalogiQ  i|ne  noun  enreeistrons  aenlement  pour  mi^ 
mtrire:  selon  lui.le  nom  serait  un  diminutif  de  ((luia,  pie, 
otsean  dont  on  eonnalt  le  habil  iaconscqaent ;  maia  le 
lecteur  jugera  si  une  parcille  compnraison  est  admissible, 
on  s'il  ne  taut  pa.'t  I'imputer  h  la  sculc  malignitt!." 
See  also  Did.  ik  la  Cmtversntion,  183C. 

The  coin  would  seem  to  have  derived  its 
name  from  the  Latin  ga^:a,  a  treasury  (also,  the 
treasury  of   a   prince,  treasure,  riches) — a  word 


probably  of  PeTsian  origin  r  "  0am,  sic  Perste 
mrarium  vocant"  (Mela,  i.  11);  "Pecunia  regia, 
qiiam  gnaam  Persie  vocant"  (Cnrt.  iii.  13;  see 
lUBo  T.  1  and  6).  C£  also  the  Mad.  Lat.  OaiMum, 
gazarum  repoaitorium.  Jo.  de  Janna.  ["  Lieux  ft 
^'erder  ricbesse,"  in  Qloit.  Lat.  OoA]  "  Gazatum, 
pro  Gaia,"  Thetaurtu.  According  to  some,  the 
Gazette  was  not  named  from  the  coin  itself,  hut 
from  the  coin  which  was  pwd  for  reading  it  or 
baTing  it  read  over.  See  also  Encyc,  det  Gent  du 
Monde;  Focab.  dtMa  Crutoa:  Coeta  e  Cardinali, 
Dizion,  delta  Ling.  Ital. ,-  Mfoage,  Oriff.  dt  la 
Lang,  IVan^.  (1650);  M^age,  Orig,  de  la  Lang. 
ItaL  (1869);  and  Scheller's  lai.  Die. 

The  only  confirmatjon  of  the  etymology  foxn 
gaaa,  a  msOTie,  would  seem  to  he,  that  in  soma 

'  old  Italian  aictionariea  the  word  ia  written  with  a 
double  3>—Q<mata.  R.  S.  Ooabbook. 

I      S,  Gray's  Inn  Sqnare. 

I  The  etymology  repudiated  by  Mb,  SaUl  ia  e»  old 
fLS  the  newspapers  themselves ;  Cotgrave,  in  1660, 
HBy8,^-Gazette,  "a  certain  Venetian  coin  acaice 
^rorth.  one  farthing."  Alberti's  ltal.'Fr,  Die. 
f^i  (i.374),  "(Jauetta,  da  certa  moneta,*^  date 
1768;  we  may  conclude  this  coin  was  then  well 
known.  I  do  not,  however,  find  if  in  Baretti,  but 
he  quotes  —  "  Gazzofilado  =  treasury,"  an  allied 
iroia,  which  appears  in  all  dictionaries.  Bees's 
Cyclopadia,  xv.  fully  adopts  this  theory,  and  calll 
the  "  gazetta,  a  kina  of  coin  formerly  current  in 
Venice."  A.  HAIL. 


Mb.  Saxa  has  probably  not  read,  or  does  not 
remember,  IWsrawi'a  account  of  the  origin  of  news- 
papers {Carioaitiet  of  Literatare,  L  226)  ;  — 

"  We  are  indebted  to  the  Iloliaiia  for  the  idea  of  news- 
papers. The  title  of  their  gax^Ua  was  perhaps  derived 
from  gtaxera,  a  magpie  or  chatterer;  or  more  piolMibly 
from  a  farthing  coin  peculiar  to  the  city  of  Venice,  callM 
(fatUa,  which  vas  the  common  priee  of  the  newspapers 
Another  etymologist  is  for  deriving  It  from  the  Latin 
qaxa,  which*  would  colloquially  lengthen  into  gaitOji,  and 
ugnify  a  little  treasuiy  of  newa  The  Spanish  derive  It 
from  the  Latin  jrho,  and  likewise  theit  joieUfro  and  our 
^axOtar  for  a  writer  of  the  gtatOt,  and,  what  is  peculiar 
to  themselves,  j^uefiJta,  for  a  luvet  of  the  gazette. 

G.  A.  SCHBUMPF. 

Whitby. 

"EUe  ne  manque  qu'ou  tajus," — tbeFrencbman 
will  surely  have  said,  "  li  ne  manque  qu'iat  tap!> 
pour  en  fiiire  un  salon."  F.  A.  L, 


ENGLISH  VERSIONS  OF  GOETHE'S  "  FAD8T," 

(4"  S.  iii.  453,  640;  iv.  79, 199.) 
Here  ia  the  sonnet,  wished  for  by  HBHMAinT 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4"'  8.  IV.  Sept.  26,  '89. 


"  Tuiach'  ich'B,  mich  so  kuhnllcti  hoch  zu  heben, 
Za  den  Gefilden  reiner  Lebensstrahlen  ? 
Uod  wig'  ich's  frech.  mit  Khwacbei  Hind  zamaleit, 
WaaDir  nor  ziemt,  dw  bantbevegte  Lebcn  P 
Wie  »oll  der  KinderiunEe  lallend  Streben 
Aasiprechen,  wm  des  M«QQes  Krail  gewingen  ? 
Wie  soil  dea  Menschen  Stiiame  wiedergeben, 
Wa»  lUB  der  tirten  GfllterbtUBt  enUpraDgen  ? 
01  waun  der  Liebe  angestUmer  Drang 
Uich  Irieb.  dasa  ich  das  Heiiigate  entveihe, 
Und  lu  berauachler,  freoher  SUnde  iwsng  ; 
So  lohaiie  Do,  ans  der  VerklBrtea  Reihe, 
Ana  HimmelsbBrfea  liebcroUem  Elang, 
Und  weQD  Du  n>ii^  oiclit  ioWa  kannst,  verzuhe  I " 

I  may  meDtion  (bb  vout  corre^Ktodent'B  lan- 
guage is  BOmewhat  ambiarnousj  that,  besides  this 
sonnet,  Mr.  Blacltie  iodulKes  himself  with  both  a 
preface  and  an  introductioii.  The  latter  is  aa 
eloquent  snd  characteristic  performaDce.  Possibl)- 
the  foUawiog  extract,  as  to  the  moral  of  Fautt, 
ma;  have  interest  for  some  readers  at  this  June- 


"  Even  as  an  nndne  degree  of  ascetidim,  and  an  ezcew 

of  leligioua  feeling,  otlea  ends  ia  rankeat  libeitiniam  and 
senSD^ty,  so  SD  OTerttrunad  grasping  at  things  inte!. 
lectoal  and  beyond  the  reach  of  flniCe  beiogs  most  natu- 
rally enda  in  a  haatily  formed  lonyiction  of  the  vanity  of 
all  numan  knowledge,  and  in  a  desperate  resolution  to 
seek  that  enjoyment  in  con]muni<m  with  the  bmUs 
which  we  had  failed  to  attain  in  wiestling  with  the 

'  In  the  depths  of  sensual  joy  let  us  tame 
Oar  glowing  passion's  restless  flame  I 
Plunge  we  lu  into  the  rushbg  of  Time, 
Into  Action's  rolling  main  I' 

In  sneb  a  state  of  mind  the  tempter,  who  goetb  about 
like  a  roaring  lion,  finds  his  easieat  prey  in  the  noblest 
spirila;  and  the  highest  intellect.  In  a  fit  of  desperate 
roadncM,  does  not  scruple  to  enter  into  a  contract  with 
the  lowest  bestiality.  In  this  view  of  human  nature  we 
have  at  once  the  plan  and  the  moral  of  Faati.  As  an  i 
overetrelched  exertion  of  mind,  endeavouring  to  pass  i 
b^ond  ila  natural  limita,  ia  an  evil  on  the  one  hand,  so 
an  attempt  to  find  satisfaction  In  a  reinlessgratific  '' 


Inte  slavery 
■ofnnahacW 


,- .  jingto  the  pure  activity  of  nnahacliled 
spirit.  Accordingly,  Faust  ia  repreaented  as  seeking  in 
Tain  for  happiness,  even  amid  the  undisturbed  enjoy- 
ments of  love.  Though  not  gifted  with  sufficient  deci- 
sion of  moral  character  to  ahake  ofi'  the  company  of  the 
evil  spirit,  he  still  retains  sufiicient  perception  of  the 
diffference  between  right  and  wrong  to  prevent  him  from 
fully  eryoying  those  pleaaurea  which  were  snatched  for 
him  by  the  hand  of  guilt.  He  haa  not  virtue  sufficient 
to  follow  the  dictates  of  his  good  genius,  but  enough 
always  to  poison  the  enjoyment  of  vice;  and  thua 
he  is  dragged  to  destruction,  half  willing  and  half 
unwilling— now  a  pious  mystic,  now  a  fleshly  debauchee — 
and  ever  and  anon  making  the  woods  and  cavea  reecho 
with  hia  unavailing  plaint  — 


Kelvin  Terrace,  Glaagow. 


Th«  list  of  the  tnuula^ons,  numerous  beyond 
example  as  they  are,  of  this,  tbe  eublimeat  poeti- 
cal effort  of  these  latter  days,  is  now  so  far  com- 
plete, that  it  will  not  seem  inopportune  to  add  < 
few  notes  by  way  of  illuatralion. 

The  prose  treJiBlation  of  Haywaid,  from  ita 
fidelity,  it«  valuable  sieface  and  notes,  is  perhaiH 
the  most  useful  of  all  to  the  younger  stnoent  in 
Oerman. 

The  first'  edition  of  this  is  a  handaoma  dMnj 
6vo  volume,  published  by  Moxon  in  1683.  B 
produced  — 

"  A  Few  Bemarka  on  Hr.  Hayward's  English  PnM 
Translation  of  Goethe's  •  Faust,'  with  additional  Obann- 


"  Faost  FapeiB,  containing  Critical  and  HMotlMl 
Remarks  on  'Faust'  and  its  Translations,  wIUi  mom 
Observations  upon  Uoethe.  By  Dr.  W.  H.  KoUei." 
London  (Black  t  Cki.),  ISmo,  1835,  pp.  127. 

Dr.  Roller  (originally  a  bookseller)  has  in  thif 
little  volume  brought  together  a  larae  amotmt  of 
interesting  anecdotal  and  philological  matter. 

The  poedcal  verraons  of  Lord  Francis  LeveMn 
Oower,  and  the  fragments  of  Shelley,  form  tho 
subject  of  an  article  in  the  Qmrterlti  JttntK. 
xxxiT.  136.  ^ 

Hayward's  version  is  noticed  in  the  Qaarttrii 
Hevietf,  civil  107  (April,  1833;). 

There  is  a  paper  on  "  Poetical  Translations  of 
Faust,"  in  which  are  reviewed  the  versioos  of 
Btackie,  Syme,  Birch,  Talbot,  and  othen,  in 
Blackwao^i  Magadne  for  Feb.  1840. 

In  the  collection  of  George  Smith,  Esq.,  kiU 
by  Sotheby  &  Co.,  July  1867,  occurs  (Lot  8142)  :— 

"  Faust :  a  Lyric  Play  iu  English  and  Italian."  HJ). 

The  admirable  pen-sketch  of  Ooethe,  in  .fhuar't 
Magaane,  vol.  t.  No,  ixvi,  (1832),  ia  of  conrM 
by  Thomas  Carlyle.  Tbe  accompanying  foH- 
leogth  portrait,  in  lithographic  ink,  by '  Croqnia" 
(D.  Maclise,  R.A.),  is  from  the  ori^nal  by  Stislu 
of  Munich.  This  is  said  "  to  have  proved  a  total 
iailure  and  involuntary  caricature— resembling,  h 
was  said  at  the  time,  a  wretched  old  clotheaman, 
carrying  behind  hia  back  a  hat  which  he  seemed 
to  have  stolen."  A  judgment  in  which  I  do  no^ 
myself,  altogether  agree. 

The  later  editions  of  Hayward  are  to  be  rae* 
feared  as  the  ampler  and  more  correct.  Ti{tt 
earliest  is,  however,  the  handsomest.  I  {ncked  xm 
my  own  copy,  many  years  ago,  in  Paria ;  an^ 
opening  it  at  this  length  of  time,  I  am  reminded 
that  a  single  link  in  the  chain  of  associatioiia 
which  bind  the  book-lover  to  his  book  is  the  fact 
that  it  owes  its  handsome  half-morocco  covering 
to  Thompson,  "  Eelieur,  106,  Bus  St  Lazaie,"  an 


4*S.1V.  Sept.  25/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


259 


admirable  binder,  whilome  employed  by  Charles 
Xodier,  who,  in  a  letter  printed  in  his  Nouvelles 
(p.  21)4),  styles  him  "  I'etemel  Thompson,"  and 
calls  him  "  le  relieur  le  plus  paresseux  de  la 
chr^tienti' ! " — which  is  saying  a  good  deal,  as 
those  who  have  had  much  to  do  with  the  biblio- 
pegistic  fraternity  will  not  be  slow  to  admit ! 

I  remember  comparing  pretty  closely,  at  the 
time  of  its  appearance,  the  version  of  Anna  Swan- 
wick  (Bohn)  with  the  original,  and  was  much 
struck  with  its  fidelity,  its  conformity  of  metre, 
and  the  apparent  ease  with  which  the  difficult 
rhymes  of  the  short  lines  had  been  accomplished. 

William  Bates. 

The  following  work  has  a  bearing  upon  this  sub- 
ject, although  not  a  version  of  the  great  drama :  — 

"Faust  Paper."?,  containing  Critical  and  Historical  Re- 
marks on  Faust  and  its  [English]  Translations,  with 
some  Observations  upon  Goethe.  By  Dr.  W.  H.  Koller. 
London,  1835, 12mo,  pp.  iv.  127." 

The  chief  object  of  the  work  is  to  show  in  what 
instances  Mr.  Hay  ward's  translation  fails  to  render 
correctly  the  original.  It  also  contains  similar 
observations  on  the  versions  of  Messrs.  Blackie 
and  Syme.  In  a  collection  of  essays  by  John 
Gait,  published  under  the  fantastic  title  of  The 
Bachetor^s  Wife,  there  is  an  account  of  some 
English  translations,  and  in  particular  Mephis- 
tophiles'  song  in  the  wine-cellar.  It  is  some 
years  since  I  saw  the  book,  and  do  not  now  re- 
member whether  the  translation  was  by  Gait,  or 
merely  a  quotation.  W.  E.  A.  A, 


WHO  THREW  THE  STOOL  ? 
(4«»  S.  iv.  135,  207.) 

I  am  afraid  it  is  too  late  in  the  day  to  disturb 
Jenny  Geddes's  claim  to  this  act,  which,  accord- 
iDg  to  M'Crie,  inaugurated  the  troublesome  times 
of  King  Charles  I.  Wherever  the  event  is  re- 
corded, as  far  as  I  have  observed,  the  merit  or 
demerit  is  awarded  to  Jenny.  Ward,  the  papist, 
says,  in  his  doggrel  record  of  England's  JRe/onna- 
Hon,  1719 :  — 

**  Jane  Gaddis,  a  virago  jolly, 
Who  sat  on  stool  in  midst  of  alley, 
Steps  boldly  up  and  takes  upon  her) 
To  stop  his  mouth,  but  in  rude  manner. 

•  ••••• 

And  at  his  head  her  stool  she  flung." 
In  the  Melanchobj  Sonnets  (1741)  a  Presby- 
terian, in  a  more  serious  vein,  lamenting  the 
breach  of  promise  to  the  kirk  upon  the  "  Marriage 
of  Fergusia  to  Iloptarchus,"  t.  e,  the  Union,  re- 
minds his  readers  that  in  older  Covenanting  times 
prelatic  intolerance  was  resisted :  — 

"  We  made  our  kirk  stools  cla'  their  povrs, 
As  once  did  Jenny  Geddes." 

Another,  harping  upon  the  same  string,  in  Scot" 
land's  Glory  mid  her  Shame  (1786),  in  allusion  to 


the  check  they  imposed  upon  Popish  Liturgies, 
thus  relates  the  incident :  — 

**  At  Edinburgh  this  first  took  place. 

Which  raised  some  confusion ; 
For  Jannet  G^des,  an  eldem  wife. 

Opposing  this  intrusion ;     ^ 
Ciyd  out  *Thou  knave,  just  St  mv  lug 

Wilt  thou  say  mass  but  listing/' 
Then  driving  at  him  with  her  stool. 

Her  neighbour-wives  assisting 
With  chairs  aqd  stools,"  kc. 

But  quotations  in  favour  of  the  Geddes  claim 
might  be  produced  vrithout  number ;  and,  as  Db. 
EooERS  has  not  submitted  his  evidence  for  Mrs* 
Mein,  it  naust  be  consigned  to  that  category  of 
stories  which  he  elsewhere  observe,  having  once 
got  abroad,  cannot  now  be  rectified  by  substi- 
tuting even  a  more  correct  one. 

I  think,  however,  the  question  as  to  the  fashion 
of  the  stool  is  still  an  open  one,  although  the 
Scottish  antiquaries  believe  themselves  in  posses- 
sion of  the  identical  article.  I  am  not  aware  that 
Jenny  is  anywhere  represented  above  the  com- 
monalty collected  at  St.  Giles's  church  on  the 
introduction  of  Laud's  Liturgy ;  and  certainly  not 
likely,  in  those  da^s,  to  have  possessed  such  an. 
advanced  and  massive  clasp-stool  as  that  depicted 
in  Chambers's  Book  of  Days,  In  one  of  the  Bur-' 
ton  chap-books  (2%c  Wars  of  England  and  Scot' 
land)  we  have  a  quaint  little  cut  of  the  whole 
scene  in  the  church,  and  although  our  heroine 
is  not  distinguishable  in  the  riotous  crowd,  her 
stool  is  a  prominent  feature,  flying  over  the 
heads  of  the  people  on  its  Whi^gish  mission  to 
the  prelatic  onender;  and  certamly  the  handy, 
round-headed,  three-legged  missile,  shown  therein, 
and  such  as  are  to  be  seen  in  the  kirk  aisles  to 
this  day,  accords  better  vrith  the  story  than  the 
unwieldy  flapping  relic  so  religiously  preserved 
at  Edinburgh.  J.  O. 


CARVINGS  BY  GRINLING  GIBBONS. 

(4"«S.iii.  573;  iv.  43.) 

The  carvings  at  Petworth  are  mentioned  by 
Dallaway  in  his  Sussex  (vol.  ii.  p.  317^.  He  says 
an  apartment  (60  ft.  by  24  and  20  high)  is  pro- 
fusely decorated  with  festoons  inclosing  the  panels 
for  pictures,  and  which  exhibit  such  a  variety  and 
richness  of  ornament  in  fruit,  flowers,  shells^ 
birds,  and  sculptured  vases,  as  could  be  scarcely 
thought  to  have  been  within  the  compass  of  hia- 
art.  Appended  to  one  of  the  festoons  is  a  vase 
vrith  a  bas-relief  in  the  purest  taste.  Selden^  one  of 
Gibbons'  assistants,  lost  nis  life  in  saving  this  carv- 
ing when  the  house  was  on  fire.  The  carvings, 
Dallaway  remarks,  have  been  restored  by  Bitson, 
who  was  originally  employed  by  the  late  Duke 
of  Norfolk  at  ArundeL  But  in  1&33  Mr.  Borers 
wrote,  "  the  mixture  of  old  and  new,  the  dirty 


260 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«>  S.  IV.  Sept.  25,  '69. 


washed  wood-nan  the  wHte  walls,  looked  so  poor 
and  meagre  I  was  j^ained  in  looking  at  it." 

There  is  an  exquisite  Aiece  of  Qiobons'  carving, 
representing  fruit  and  noweiS;  at  Norton  Conyers 
(the  property  of  Sir  B.  Graham),  near  Ripon. 

Mr.  rower  of  Hammersmith  Morms  me  that 
the  altar-piece  in  the  parish  chiircih  (ff  ,St.  Paul's 
there  is  oy  that  great  artist.  it'auljEner,  in  his 
Historical  Account  of  Fidham,  mentions  a  stately 
monument  there — 

**  Of  white  marble,  in  memory  of  Dorothy  Lady  Clark« 

at  the  top  is  an  um,  m>m  which  are  suspended 

festoons  of  flowers,  and  the  coat  of  arms  is  supported  by 
two  winged  genii.  It  is  an  excdlent  piece  of  workman- 
ship by  Grinung  Gibbons,  and  cost  300/." 

There  are  also  exquisite  carvings  by  Gibbons 
at  Sudbury  Hall,  Derbyshire,  the  seat  of  Lord 
Vernon,  and  Melbury  House,  Dorchester^  the  seat 
of  Lord  Hchester. 

As  your  readers  are  doubtless  aware,  a  white 
bloom  covers  many  of  Gibbons'  carvings,  the 
noblest  works  of  sculpture  m  wood  this  land  ever 
produced.  Though  outwardly  beautiful  to  the 
eye,  many  of  these  lovely  worts  are  full  of  rotten- 
ness, bemg  mere  shells  ready  to  fall  to  dust. 
This  bloom  shows  their  state,  and  I  would  impress 
on  any  of  your  readers  who  may  have  any  of  these 
carvings  the  importance  of  having  them  restored 
without  delav.  Mr.  W.  G.  Rogers  saved  those 
at  Chatsworth  and  other  places  from  falling  to 
pieces,  and  so  enthusiastic  is  he  on  Gibbons' 
work  that  nothing  would  please  him  more  than 
to  be  instrumental  m  saving  more  like  them.  He 
is  now  a  veteran,  but  when  he  was  bound  ap- 
prentice in  Printing-House  Square  (then  Yard) 
there  was  a  clever  old  man  in  the  employ  of  the 
firm,  named  Richard  Birbeck,  who  had  worked  at 
Burleigh  with  carvers  who  had  worked  under  GHh- 
bona  at  St,  PaitTs  Cathedral  From  these  men 
Birbeck  had  obtained  much  interesting  information, 
so  ^that  he  was  able  to  take  Mr.  K.  roimd  the 
outside  of  the  cathedral,  and  point  out  the  varied 
pieces  of  fruit  and  flowers  over  the  windows, 
aistin^uishing  those  executed  by  Flemish  and 
French  workmen  from  those  by  the  English 
carvers,  which  have  the  loose  freedom  of  some  of 
the  wood  carvings  of  Gibbons.  Birbeck  was  at 
Burleigh  about  1746 ;  Rogers  knew  him  in  1807. 

All  the  fine  carvings  at  Blenheim,  Kirtlington, 
and  Wimpole  are  in  yellow  deal.  The  limewood 
carvings  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral  are  in  a  fine  state 
of  preservation,  being  free  from  the  attacks  of 
insects.  The  carvings  in  the  library  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  are  of  white  lime,  and  have 
been  covered  over  with  a  glaze  or  gum,  and  some 
with  oil  paint :  the  insects  not  being  able  to  es- 
cape have  reduced  the  carving  to  a  skeleton.  To 
get  the  paint  off  carvings  which  have  been  so 
teeated,  place  them  in  a  trough  filled  with  sawdust 
which  has  been  saturated  vnth  an  alkaline  salu- 


tion.  In  a  few  days  all  the  paint  vtrill  be  eaten 
off.  To  destroy  insects,  this  is  the  treatment 
adopted  by  him  to  the  carvings  at  Belton  House : 
The  whole  were  saturated  with  a  strong  solution  of 
cotrosive  sublimate  (chloride  of  mercury)  in  water, 
but  the  dark  colour  this  solution  gave  the  wood 
rendered  an  application  first  of  ammonia  and 
then  of  muriatic  add  necessary.  After  this  the 
interior  of  the  wood  was  injected  with  vegetable 
gum  and  gelatine  in  order  to  fill  up  the  holes  uid 
strengthen  the  fabric.  A  varnish  of  resin  was 
afterwards  spread  over  the  surface,  and  the  vaii- 
oils  parts  put  together  according  to  photographs 
taken  at  first  Seven  years  i^r  the  clerk  of  the 
works  reported  to  Mr.  R.  that  there  is  never  any 
appearance  of  wormdust  from  the  carvings,  thougb^ 
it  nad  been  observed  about  the  rooms  heSM.. 
'^The  age  that  cannot  create  restores,"  and  %liy 
should  these  carvings  be  reduced  to  a  co^i^ttitm 
like  that  of  the  fabled  fruit  of  the  DeaS  S^d^i^j^^' 
out  an  effort  to  save  them  ?  *         . ,      ^ .. 

Mr.  Rogers  restored  admirably  the  carvings  in 
the  Cedar  Chapel  at  Chatsworth,  but  the  duke 
would  not  allow  those  in  the  state  apartments  to 
be  touched,  and  in  a  few  years  all  win  be  dust. 

What  is  the  authority  for  the  statement  thst 
Gibbons  was  bom  in  Spur  Alley  in  the  Strand  P 
Mr.  Black  sa^s  the  Ashmolean  MSS.  prove  ihxt 
he  was  bom  in  Rotterdam,  and  Evelyn  says  he 
came  from  the  Low  Countries.  The  records  of 
Flanders  prove  the  Flemish  origin  of  many  of  the 
wood  carvings  in  our  churches.  One  document 
found  refers  to  a  dispute  which  took  place  in  the 
year  1441  between  WllHam  Cerebis,  a  Scotch 
merchant,  and  a  monk  of  Melross  Abbey,  acting 
on  behalf  of  £.  de  Aeltre,  a  master  carpenter  at 
Bmges,  who  was  to  supply  certain  stalls  for  Mel- 
ross Abbey  after  the  fashion  of  the  stalls  in  tiie 
abbey  church  of  Dunis,  in  Flanders,  and  carved 
according  to  the  design  of  those  which  existed  at 
Thosar  near  Bmges.  So  that  Gibbons  mar  have 
been  descended  from  arace  of  great  carvers,  nut  the 
Ashmolean  MSS.  may  be  ri^t,  for  Gibbons'  work 
is  wonderfully  Dutch  in  copying  nature^  I  mean 
realistic^  not  idealistic.  He  chose  a  few  flowets 
and  common  fruits  out  of  his  garden,  and  it  is 
marvellous  what  effects  he  produced  with  them. 
Walpole  truly  says :  "  There  is  no  instance  of  a 
man  before  Gibbons  who  gave  to  wood  the  loose 
and  airy  lightness  of  fiowers,  and  chained  together 
the  various  productions  of  the  elements  with  a 
fine  disorder  natural  to  each  species.'' 

Let  us  then,  by  judicious  restoration  of  his 
works,  show  that  we  appreciate  him  whom  Evelyn 
called  "  the  incomparable  young  man." 

John  Piggot,  Jitn.,  F.SA. 

The  Elms,  Ulting,  Maldon. 

Since  writing  my  former  note  on  the  woria  of 
Gibbons,  tiie  carver,  1  have  lighted  on  the  first 


4«»S.IV.  Sept.25,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


261 


few  numbers  of  an  admirable  little  publication^ 
entitled  Adversariaj  and  brought  out  by  Mr.  Hot- 
ten,  the  well-known  publisher  in  Piccadilly,  with 
his  Catalogues  in  1856-7.  Some  very  interesting 
extracts  are  given  in  Nos.  II.  and  IV.  from  "  the 
Book  of  Expenses  kept  by  George  Glanville, 
brother-in-law  to  John  Evelyn,  the  celebrated 
Naturalist,"  and  among  the  items  I  find  the  fol- 
lowing one  relative  to  Gibbons,  which,  if  it  has 
hitherto  escaped  the  eye  of  Mr.  Piggott,  will 
doubtless  be  of  interest  to  him : — 

«Nov.  17  [1692].  Payd  M' Gibbons  in  full,  for  ye 
marble  chimney-piece,  18  .  10 .  00." 

The  subjoined  remarks  are  added  in  the  Ad- 
versaria : — 

"  Mr.  John  Evelyn  was  the  early  patron  of  Grinling 
Gibbons,  and  this  *  chimney-piece '  may  have  been  exe- 
cuted at  Mr.  £velyn*s  suggestion.  It  was  at  this  date 
that  Gibbons  had  made  himself  famous  for  his  carving 
in  marble  as  well  as  wood. 

"As  far  back  as  1683  {Diary,  June  16th),  Mr.  Evelyn 
says,  in  speaking  of  Gibbons,  *  nor  doubt  I  at  all  he  will 
prove  as  great  a  master  in  the  statuary  art' 

**  Again,  in  1686  {Diary,  Dec.  29),  he  says — *  I  went 
to  Wlutehall.  Nothing  can  be  finer  than  the  magnificent 
marble  work  and  architecture  at  the  end,  where  are  four 
statues  representing  St.  John,  St.  Peter,  St.  Paul,  and 
the  Church,  in  white  marble,  the  work  of  Gibbon.*  In 
1687  (Diary,  Jan.  24th),  he  further  says:— *  Saw  the 
Queen's  apartments  at  ^Whitehall.  The  carving  about 
Uie  chimney  piece,  by  Gibbons,  is  incomparable.*  * 

E.  H.  W.  Dtjnkin. 

Boyal  Circus  Street,  Greenwich. 


EDMUND   KEAN  AND  ALBERT  SMITH 
ON  MONT  BLANC. 

(4'*'   S.  iv.   31,  202.) 

I  certainly  never  heard  of  Edmund  Kean  hav- 
ing been  in  Chamonix ;  nor  does  his  name  appear 
in  the  list  of  those  who  have  made  the  ascent  of 
Mont  Blanc,  or  of  those  who  attempted  but  did 
not  succeed  in  reaching  the  summit. 

A  register  of  all  ascents  from  those  of  Dr. 
Paccard  and  Saussure  has  been  carefully  kept 
in  the  office  of  the  *'Chef  des  Guides"  at  Cha- 
monix; and  if  ih  the  year  1818,  when  a  Rus- 
sian count,  Matzewski,  ascended,  or  in  the  years 
preceding  or  following,  Edmund  Kean  had  made 
an  ascent,  the  event  wouW  most  certainly  have 
been  recorded  in  the  register — particularly  at  a 
time  when  ascents  were  so  rare. 

"When  I  published  the  account  of  my  own 
ascent,  I  added  a  list  of  those  which  had  been 
previously  made ;  and  it  was  compiled  from  the 
book  in  the  c?u'f  d^s  guides^  possession,  and  which 
I  very  carefully  examined.  Kean's  name  does 
not  appear  there. 

Again,  had  he  inscribed  his  name  in  the  "Tour- 
ists' JBook  ''  kept  at  Montanvert  (a  very  old  book, 
which  I  well  remember),  it  would  certainly  have 
been  noticed  by  some  one  of  the  many  who  have 


written  on  Chamonix,  and  who  have  given  the 
names  of  celebrated  persons  which  they  found 
therein  recorded.  Albert  Smith,  for  one,  would 
not  have  allowed  such  a  name  to  escape  him.  He 
would  certainly  have  taken  a  note  of  it,  had  he 
met  with  it  anywhere  in  or  about  Chamonix. 

It  may  therefore  be  concluded,  that  Edmund 
Kean  did  never  ascend  Mont  Blanc;  that  he 
never  inscribed  his  name  in  the  book  at  Montan- 
vert; and  it  is  very  doubtful  whether  he  ever 
visited  Chamonix  at  all.  Johk  Aitldjo. 

5,  Rue  des  Alpes,  Geneva,  Sept.  8, 1869. 

[The  above  is  the  reply  to  a  letter  which  our  corre- 
spondent Mr.  S.  Jackson  addressed  to  his  friend  Mr. 
Auldjo.  After  reading  it  there  will  be  few,  if  any,  who 
will  regard  Kean^  ascent  of  Mont  Blanc  otherwise  than 
as  an  invention  or  a  hoax.]        * 

Albert  Smith,  in  The  Story  of  Mont  Blanc 
(Bogue,  1863),  says  at  p.  107,  that  in  1819  two 
ascents  were  made :  first  by  two  Americans,  Dp, 
Bussell  and  Mr.  Howard ;  secondly  by  an  Eng- 
lishman, Capt.  Underhill,  R.N.  In  1820  Dr. 
Hamel  attempted,  and  met  with  an  accident  fatal 
to  three  guides.  No  subsequent  ascent  was  made 
until  1822  (p.  128) ;  then  ne  gives  the  names  of 
those  who  have  succeeded,  induding  himself  up 
to  1852.    Kean  is  nowhere  mentioned.        E.  B. 


^  Albert  Smith  wrote  a  picturesque  narrative  of 
his  ascent  of  Mont  Blanc  in  Blackwood's  Magaxme 
for  January,  1852.  He  therein  expressly  states 
how  thoroughly  knocked  up  he  was  on  approach- 
ing the  summit,  bein^  in  indifferent  health  at  the 
time,  and  ''not  havmg  had  any  sleep  for  two 
nights,  or  undergone  tiie  least  training  for  tiie 
work  " ;  e,  g.  the  following  extracts :  — 

'^  From  this  point  (i.  e.  just  past  the  Rochers  Rouges), 
on  to  the  summit,  for  a  sp^oe  of  two  hours,  I  was  as  if 

*  bewitched.' I  believe  I  was  fast  asleep  with  my 

eyes  open and  reeled  and  staggered  about  so, 

that,  at  the  foot  of  the  terrible  Mer  de  la  Cote,  I  sat  down 
again  on  the  snow,  and  told  Jairraz  that  I  would  not  go 
any  further,  but  that  they  might  leave  me  there  if  they 

pleased Balmat  and  another  set  me  up  on  my 

legs  again ;  and  told  me  that,  if  I  did  not  exercise  evexy 
caution,  we  should  all  be  lost  together,  for  the  most 
dangerous  part  of  the  whole  ascent  had  arrived.  I  had 
the  greatest  difficulty  in  getting  my  wandering  wits  into 
order ;  but  the  risk  called  for  the  strongest  mental  effort, 
and,  with  just  sense  enough  to  see  that  our  success  in 
scaling  this  awful  precipice  was  entirely  dependent  upon 

Sluck,  I  got  ready  for  the  climb The  two 
airraz  were  hi  front  of  me,  with  the  fore  part  of  the 

rope,  and  Francois  Cachat,  I  think,  behind Honest 

Jairraz  had  no  sinecure  to  pull  me  after  him.  .....  I 

was  perfectly  done  up  ...  .  and  when  I  found  myself 

on  a  level,  and  looked  round,  and  saw  there  was  nothing 
higher— that  I  was  on  the  top  of  Mont  Blanc — I  was  so 
completely  exhausted  that  I  fell  down  upon  the  snow, 
and  was  asleep  in  an  instant." 

By  the  way,  as  one  very  closely  acquainted 
with  Albert  Smith  all  his  life,  I  observe  with 
astonishment  that  Stephen  Jackson  speaks  of 


262 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Sept.  26,  '69. 


"  his  friend  Landor."  Surely  there  is  some  mis- 
take here.  I  can  scarcely  conceive  of  two  men 
more  unlikely,  if  not  to  come  together,  at  least  to 
become  friends,  than  Albert  Smith  and  Walter 
Savage  Landor.  A  Swiss  Teamp. 


DUNMOW  FLITCH. 

(4»»»  S.  iv.  194.) 

Most  of  your  readers  will,  I  think,  agree  with 
Mb.  Edwaed  C.  Da  vies  (videaiUky  194)  that  some 
account  of  the  ancient  ceremony  of  the  j^resen- 
tation  of  the  Dunmow  flitch  '^  should  be  registered 
in  '  N.  &  Q.'  for  the  benefit  of  those  in  future 
years  who  may  take  an  interest  in  a  revival  of  old 
customs,"  and  for  this  purpose  I  wish  to  recom- 
mend a  little  book  whicn,  however,  may  already 
have  become  a  bibliographical  curiosity :  — 

"  Prolamine  of  the  Dunmow  Flitch  of  Bacon  Proces- 
sion. A  History  of  its  Ancient  Origin  and  Modem  Revi- 
val, comprising  the  Applications  of  the  several  Claimants, 
with  the  Particulars  of  the  Ceremonial  appointed  to  take 
place  at  the  Town  Hall,  Great  Dunmow,  m  July,  1855." 
By  Charles  Pavey.    Dunmow,  1855,  pp.  30. 

Prime  mover  in  that  year  (1855)  was  the 
author  of  The  Flitch  of  Bacon,  or  the  Custom  of 
Dunmow,  Two  flitches,  both  presented  by  Mr. 
Harrison  Ainsworth,  were  awarded  to  Mr.  James 
Barlow  and  Hannah  his  wife,  both  natives  of 
Essex,  and  (at  least  at  the  time)  residing  at  Chip- 
ping Ongar,  where  Mr.  Barlow  was  carrying  on 
business  as  a  builder,  and  to  that  most  indefatig- 
able writer  and  translator  from  the  French,  the 
Chevalier  de  Chatelain  and  Clara  his  wife,  the 
amiable  and  clever  authoress  of  Merry  Tales  for 
Little  Folks,  The  SUver  Swan,  The  Conjuror's 
Day-Bookf  and  of  many  more  charming  and  pleas- 
ing works  for  yoimg  hearts.  The  latter  most 
honourable  and  most  kind-hearted  couple  had 
applied  for  the  flitch  as  far  back  as  1845,  when 
the  lord  of  the  manor  informed  t  h 

**  that  the  custom  had  fallen  into  desuetude,  and  consi- 
dered it  would  tend  to  no  good  to  revive  it  I  Subsequently 
we  wrote  three  years  ago  [1852]  to  the  rector,  to  inquire 
whether  there  was  any  truth  in  a  newspaper  account  of 
a  flitch  purporting  to  have  been  given  at  Little  Dunmow, 
but  he  himself  had  only  seen  it  in  print,  not  in  reality. 
At  the  same  time  he  very  considerately  hinted  that  I 
did  not  know  all  the  disagreeables  we  should  have  to  go 
through  on  such  an  occasion, — instancing  kneeling  on 
sharp  stones,  &c.,  to  say  nothing  of  considerable  fees, 
rather  a  formidable  prospect  to  poor  authors." —  Vide  ante, 
pp.  13,  14,  Letter  of  Madame  de  Chatelaines  to  Mr,  Aim- 
worth. 

France,  then,  may  feel  proud  that  one  of  her 
sons,  who  has  long  enjoyea  the  protecting  hospi- 
tality of  noble  and  dear  old  England,  should  have 
shared  in  receiving  that  honourable  gift,  the 
flitch,  the  first  allusion  to  which  is,  according  to 
the  interesting  little  volume,  in  Sir  William  Dug- 
dale's  Monasticon,    The  custom  itself  arose  at  the 


ancient  priory  (founded  in  1104  by  the  Lady  Juga, 
sister  of  Kalph  Baynard,  who  held  the  manor  at 
the  time  of  tne  Doomsday  Survey) )  some  of  the 
claimants  had  a  flitch,  some  a  gammon  of  bacon, 
as  appears  from  entries  in  the  register  books  of 
the  pnory,  which  are  still  preserved  at  the  British 
Museum.  (Dunmow,  Catalogue  of  the  Cotton  MS.) 

The  Gentleman's  Magazine  and  the  Old  London 
Magazine  of  the  year  1751  contain  an  account  of 
the  presentation,  and  it  is  said  that  the  successful 
candtidates  realised  a  large  sum  of  money  by 
selling  slices  of  the  bacon  to  those  who  witnessed 
the  ceremony.  After  this  the  custom  fell  into 
desuetude  for  just  a  century,  imtil  in  1851  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Hurrell,  owners  and  occupiers  of  a  farm 
at  Felsted,  Essex,  adjoining  Little  Dunmow^ 
made  a  claim  to  the  lord  of  the  manor  of  Don- 
mow  priory  for  the  prize,  but  the  application  was 
not  granted,  the  custom  having  been  so  long 
dormant  When  this  refusal  became  known  they 
received  quite  an  ovation  from  the  inhabitants  (tt 
Dunmow  and  its  neighbourhood,  a  grand  fSto 
being  given  to  them,  including  of  course  a  pro- 
cession and  the  presentation  of  a  gammon  of  bacon, 
July  16, 1851. 

Then  followed  the  processions  of  1855,  of  1857^ 
and  of  the  present  year,  1869 ;  and  thus  '^  three 
times  three  for  the  custom  of  the  flitch  I  And 
let  all  remember — 

**  He  that  repents  him  not  of  his  marriage  in  a  year  and 
a  day, 
Either 'sleeping  or  waking, 

May  lawfully  go  to  Danmow  and  fetch  a  gammon  of 
bacon." 

HeBMANN  EOTDT. 
Germany. 


I  think  "  the  revival  of  the  andent  ceremony," 
as  Mr.  Davies  mildly  terms  it,  ought  not  to  be 
recorded  in  *'  N.  &  Q.  without  some  accompany- 
ing word  of  reprobation  for  such  a  disgraoemi 
ernibition  of  blackguardism. 

The  farce  was  got  up  by  persons  wholly  uncoiw 
nected  with  Dunmow,  aidea  by  clowns  and  half- 
naked  women  from  the  Alhambra;  and  the  modk 
trial  and  cross-examination  of  the  imhappy  candi- 
dates, enacted  by  hired  buflbons  dressed  up  as 
barristers,  was  so  disgusting  and  obscene  as  to 
call  forth  hisses  from  an  audience  by  no  means 
squeamish  or  indisposed  to  enjoy  memment. 

To  the  honour  of  the  press  let  it  be  noted  that 
the  respectable  London  journals,  The  Times,  The 
Standard,  The  Morning  Star,  quite  irrespectively 
of  their  politics,  all  united  in  condemning  the  pro- 
ceedings. Jatdsx. 

Raphael's  "Death  of  Abel"  (4*^  S.  iii.  629.) 
May  not  the  cabinet  picture  which  your  coiie- 
ppondent  T.  M.  is  inquiring  after  be  the  "  Sacri- 
flce  of  Cain  and  Abel "  mentioned  in  Sir  Charles 


i*^  3.  IV.  Sept.  25,  '69-1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Eastlake's  Handbook  of  Paintinq,  Italian  School, 
(ii.  331),  on  the  authority  of  Pasaatant  (ii.  U), 
■which  I  have  uot  the  opportunity  of  referring  tn, 
as  bebff  then  (1855)  "  m  Mr.  Sneraoa'a  dobbbb- 
non  in  London  "  P  It.  D. 

Milton's  Hahdwbitino  (4"'  S.  iv.  232.) — I 
IwTe  sent  you  undeiTieath  an  luicoiint  of  a  collec- 
tion of  Italifto  poetry,  which  on  tlie  title-page  of 
one  of  the  poems  contains  no  doubt  a  genuine? 
signature  of  Milton ;  but  1  am  surprised  at  lh<] 
decided  opinion  given  by  Mr.  Wbiqht  on  the 
Mel  Helicoiiium  aonnet.  It  is  beautifully  copied 
in  facsimile  in  Mr.  Sotheby's  book,  who  eipKBse.-i 
the  atroDgest  opioion  of  its  authenticity,  and 
Sotheby,  after  the  pains  he  took,  -wm  no  mean 
judffe.  I  demur,  however,  to  the  eipresaion  that 
"this  sonnet  is  in  a  hand  more  unlike  Milton's,  ll' 
poBMble,  than  tlio  poem,"  &c.  The  writing  maj- 
not  be  the  poet's.  It  can  never  be  proved,  as  the 
ei^uature  is  only  "J.  M.";  but  I  must  be  per~ 
mitted  to  differ  from  Me.  Wkiqht,  for  if  thu 
writing  is  not  Milton's  it  certainly  is  very  like  it. 
and  if  it  is  not  his,  whose  is  it  ?  The  book  is  at 
IVeaent  at  Bath,  but  I  shall  have  it  in  London  in 
a  day  or  two,  and  I  shall  be  very  happy  to  send  it 
'      '     "         ■'        '        one  whi 


to  you  foi  the  inspection  of  any  one  w 


William  Titb. 


1.  Dmte.    L'amoroaoConviv. 

2.  Giovanni  dell*  Casa.    Rim 


„    ,      .  ,1  IGZ3")  on   the   dlle. 

Tenelia.    l-2mo,  15G3, 

3.  Ditto  IIGalaWo.    ]2[no,  15«3. 

4.  Ditto  TTattstoil€(;li  Uffici  communltra 
gli  Amid  superiori  eel  inferiori.   Venetia.  12mo. 

fi.  Varehi  (Benedetto).    Sonetti.       Ditto,  IZmo,  1555. 

If  Mr.  Wright  will  look  into  a  bool:  in  the 
British  Museum  which  is  scarcely  ever  looked  at, 
be  will  find  a  reference  to  Milton's  autograph  of 
some  importance.  The  book  I  allude  to  is  the 
CaUlogue  of  Sir  Thos.  PhiUipps'  MSS.,  in  which, 
at  No.  3903,  he  will  find,  I  believe,  Milton's 
original  draft-book  of  his  letters  to  foreign  princes 
as  secretary  to  Cromwell.  M.  H. 

An  autograph  of  Milton  is  annexed  to  two  mar- 
riage allegations.     See  facsimile  of  one  of  them  in 
the  Miscellanea  Genealogica  el  lieraldica,  ii.  131. 
G.  W.  M. 


"HiSBT-BoOKi 


tBook8"(4"'S.  iv.  194.)- 


&Q."  as  *'  a  medium  of  intercommunication 
on  literary  matters,  &c.,  a  reference  to  my  appeal 
for  help  m  the  number  of  the  4th  inst.  ma;  be 
given,  as  since  that  date  and  up  to  the  time  of 
■writing  I  have  received  from  all  parts  of  Great 
Britain  numerous  ofTers  of  assistance,  with  many 
valuable  additions  and  useful  suggestions.  I  call 
the  attention  of  the  readers  of  this  communication 

to  the  advertisement  of  the  work  in  to-day's  .  . ..    ..   _.-  ^ , ., „  _ 

number,  with  an  olteradon  they  will  notice  about     armoui-beareT,  after  she  bad  bereelf  fastened  hjs 


the  time  of  publication,  on  which  I  owe  my  kind 
correspondents  and  intending  subscribers  an  ei- 
plananon.  The  difficulty  of  completing  the  Book- 
sellers' Directory,  and  a  desire  to  add  to  it  at  the 
request  of  some  correspondents  the  names  and 
addressee  of  a  few  of  the  leading  dealers  in  old 
hooks  in  France,  Belgium,  Holland,  and  Ger- 
many, renders  it  impossible  to  produce  the  book 
in  October;  besides  which,  the  proof-sheets  have 
to  be  submitted  to  no  less  than  six  different  gen- 
tlemen who  have  promised  to  revise  them,  and 
the  lamented  death  of  Mr.  Thomas  Watts,  wbo 
had  offered  to  look  over  and  supplement  the 
chapter  on  bibliography,  wiU  retard  the  publication. 
But  I  trust  that  the  additional  matter  and  die 
careful  revision  of  facta  and  figures  will  fully 
compensate  for  the  unavoidable  delay. 

An  additional  part  will  be  appended,  of  at  least 
sixteen  pages,  giving  the  additions  received,  and 
corrections  noted  after  tbe  printing  of  each  part. 

JOEN  POWBB. 

3,  College  Terrace,  Hammersmith,  W. 
The  Pbdicrsb  Bosamohd  (4"^  S.  iv.  187.) — 
The  biography  of  Rosamond  maybe  thus  briefly 
epitomised.  Alhoin,  king  of  tbe  German  Lom- 
bards, who  in  the  nuddle  of  the  mith  century  were 
settled  in  Fannonia,  engaged  in  hostilities  witli 
the  Oepidie,  whose  prince,  son  of  king  Turismond, 
he  slew.  He  became  enamoured  of  Hosamondf 
daughter  of  Cunimond,  successor  to  Turismond, 
and  brother  of  him  whom  he  had  slun :  her  b« 
sought  in  marriage,  but  his  suit  being  rejected  be 
earned  ber  off  bv  force.  War  consequently  broke 
out  afresh,  and  the  Gepidie,  supported  by  a  Bomao 
army,  compelled  the  restoration  of  the  princess. 
Tbe  love  and  resentment  of  Alboin,  however,  led 
to  the  renewal  of  hostilities,  and  he  obtained  tbe 
aid  of  the  Avars,  whilst  the  Romans  abandoned 
the  GepidiB  to  their  fate.  They  were  defeated 
with  great  slaughter  a.s.  5G3,  and  their  name 
and  nation  passed  away.  Cunimond  fell  by  the 
hand  of  Allxiin,  and  Rosamond  became  tbe  bride 
of  tbe  victor,  who,  after  an  ancient  practice  of  his 
nation,  fashioned  the  skull  of  Cunimond  into  a 
(Irinking-cup.  He  fixed  his  abode  at  Pavia,  and 
it  remamed  for  some  ^es  the  chief  city  of  the 
Lombard  dominions.  His  short  reign  of  three 
years  and  a  half  is  distinguished  by  justice  and 
mildness.  His  life  was  terminated  by  domestic 
treachery :  having  drunk  deep  at  a  feast  with  tbe 
chief  of  his  countrymen,  be  called  for  the  cup  of 
victoTT,  the  skull  of  Cunimond ;  and  wben  it  had 
passed  round  the  circle,  ordered  it  to  be  carried 
t  J  Bosamond,  with  a  request  that  she  would  taste 
the  wine  and  rejoice  with  her  departed  father. 
The  queen  obeyed,  but  she  determined  on  revenge, 
line  evening,  when  Alboin, oppressed  by  wine  and 
!ileep,  had  retired  to  his  chamber,  she  unbolted 
the  door  to  her  paramour,  Helmicbis.  tbe  king's 


264 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4tt  S.  IV.  Srpt.  26, »»«, 


sword  to  tlie  scabbard.  Alboin  was  the  best  and 
bravest  of  the  Lombard  warriors ;  but,  unarmed 
and  surprised,  be  fell  an  easy  victim.  Helmicbis 
dared  not  adventure  on  this  murder  without  the 
aid  of  Peredeus,  whom  Kosamond,  bv  a  stratagem, 
seduced  to  illicit  love  and  murder.  The  ambitious 
Rosamond  aspired  to  reign  in  the  name  of  Hel- 
michis;  but  tne  Lombard  chiefs  demanded  justice 
on  the  spouse  and  the  two  other  murderers  of 
Alboin.  She  fled  with  her  daughter  and  two 
lovers  from  Verona  to  Ravenna.  Helmichis  was 
poisoned  by  a  deadly  potion  from  Rosamond's 
hand,  but  he  first  compelled  her  to  dr(dn  the  same 
cup,  and  both  expired.  Peredeus  amused  the 
court  of  Constantinople  by  his  feats  of  strength, 
and  became  blind.  (Wamefrid,  Gest,  Longohr, 
Muiatori  j  Gibbon,  xlv.)  T.  J.  Buckton. 

LoMBABD  Capital  (4**»  S.  iv.  197.)  —  Prior  to 
Charlemagne,  towards  the  end  of  the  fifth  cen- 
tury and  before  its  Qonquest  by  the  Lombards 
under  Alboin  a.d.  568,  this  country  formed  that 

Sart  of  the  kingdom  of  the  Ostrogoths  which  is 
esignated  Transpadane  Gaul,  the  chief  places  of 
which  were  Turin  (Augusta  Tbwnnorww),  Mantua, 
Padua  (Patamum),  Aquileia,  and  Trieste  (Tcr- 
gede).  Before  the  invasion  of  the  barbarians  and 
under  the  Western  Empire,  it  had  been  designated 
Gallia  Cisalpina  or  To^ata ;  and  in  the  Togata, 

?roperly  so  called,  the  chief  places  were  Augusta 
'aurinorum  (TitrtJi),  Mediolanum  (Milan),  Tici- 
num  (Pavia),  Mantua,  Bononia  (Bologna),  and 
Ravenna. 

Eschenburg  (v.  i.  §  32)  says  Gkdlia  Cisalpina 
was  also  called  Togata,  from  the  inhabitants  adopt- 
ing, after  the  Social  war,  the  toga,  or  distinctive 
dress  of  the  Romans ;  and  that  what  is  termed 
above  Cisalpine  and  Transpadane  Gaul,  being  the 
country  north  of  the  Padus  (Po),  was  the  temtory 
of  the  Taurini,  whose  chief  town  was  Turin  ; 
next  to  these  were  the  Insubres,  whose  principal 
towns  were  Milan,  Ticinum  (Pavia)  on  tne  river 
Ticinus,  where  Hannibal  first  defeated  the  Romans, 
after  his  passage  over  the  Alps ;  the  Cenomanni, 
possessing  the  towns  of  Brescia,  Cremona,  and 
Mantua,  the  birth-place  of  Virgil ;  and  the  Eu- 
ganei,  whose  chief  towns  were  Trent  and  Verona, 
the  birth-place  of  Catullus.  Next  to  thesi  were 
the  Veneti  and  Cami;  their  chief  towns  were 
Padua,  the  birth-place  of  Livy,  built  by  the 
Trojan  An  tenor  after  the  destruction  of  Troy, 
and  Aquileia,  celebrated  for  its  desperate  resist- 
ance to  Attila,  king  of  the  Huns.  Next  to  these 
was  the  province  of  Istria,  chief  town  Trieste. 
(See  Maps  1,  2,  and  3  in  Kodi's  Pcvol.  de  V Europe, 
vol.  iii.) 

The  authorities  cited  by  Gibbon  in  his  seventh 
and  eighth  volumes  will  perhaps  supply  all  the 
information  required  by  N.  K. 

T.  J.  BrcKTON. 


Davtd  Garricz  (4"»  S.  iv.  198.)— To  the  men 
of  genius  and  superior  talent  (in  numbers  out  of 
numbers)  lost  to  France  by  the  nefarious  revoca- 
tion of  the  Edict  of  Nantes,  so  forcibly  and  ^justly 
stigmatised  by  Saint-Simon,  I  see  must  be  added 
David  Garrick,  whose  grandfather  fled  from  Bor- 
deaux in  1685,  rather  than  forsake  his  religious 
creed.  I  wonder  whether  the  Huguenot  blood  in 
the  great  English  Roscius  aroused  him  to  give 
ear,  and  act  up  to,  a  proposal  made  to  him  in  1763 
by  a  young  French  poet,  Fenouillot,  at  the  insti- 
gation of  their  mutual  friend  DideroL  viz.  that  he 
would  translate  and  perform  on  the  London  stage 
a  play  of  his,  which  the  intolerance  of  the  period 
would  not  admit  of  its  appearing  in  France; 
'^parce  que,"  says  the  author,  '*  le  protestantisnie 
en  est  la  base  et  que  c'est  proprement  la  tolerance 
mise  en  action."  Neither  Fenomllot  nor  Diderot 
seem  to  have  been  aware  of  Garrick's  Fvench 
Protestant  origin,  or  else  they  would  surely  have 
taken  advantage  of  the  circumstance  to  press  the 
matter  upon  him.  Here  is  part  of  Didnot's 
letter:  — 

*'  Monsieur  et  tr^honor^  Rodcins, — C'est  moi  qui  sl 
donn^  au  po^te  qui  vous  ^crit  au  coin  de  mon  ftm  le  OOD* 
seil  de  travailler  platot  poarle  th^&tre  de  Londrea-qvs 

pour  le  notre.    II  est  ^eune  mais  il  a  P&me  haute. 

Celui  qui  oscroit  intituler  son  drame  Jacques  Clement, 
Henri  Quatre,  Richelieu,  Damiens,  Coligny,  ri^^uexo^ 
d'obtenir  un  logement  aux  d^pens  de  I'^tat  k  la  BastOle 
ou  &  BicStre,  et  la  fantaisie  de  mon  jeune  ami  seroit  de 
m^riter  cette  faveur  et  de  ne  pas  I'obtenir.  ....  Qooi- 
quMl  soit  prcsque  aussi  gueux  qu'il  convient  &  un  enfant 
d'Apollon,  il  aimcroit  encore  mieux  une  feuUle  de  laurier 
qu*une  grosse  pibce  d'or.  II  a  lu,  je  ne  sals  oil,  qa*an- 
ciennement  ceux  qui  m&chaient  du  laurier  proph^tiBoieiit» 
et  il  a  grand  appetit  de  co  fcurrage.  II  sera  tr^s-flatt^ 
de  voir  son  nom  en  accolade  avec  le  yotre;  et  pardieo,  je 
le  crois  bien.  Je  suis,  comme  vous  s^avez,  votre  admlrar 
teur  et  je  serois  bien  fachd  que  vous  ne  comptaasies  pas 
au  nombre  de  vos  amis 

'*  DiDBBOT. 

"  Rue  Tarrane,  vis-k-vis  la  rue  S*  Benoit, 
4  Paris,  ce  20  janv.  1767." 

P.A.L. 

La  Salette  (^"^  S.  iii.  698 :  iv.  46, 123,  203.) 
The  pamphlet  referred  to  by  Mr.  Bates  had  been 
already  pointed  out  in  my  communication  atp.4Ek 
But,  in  my  note,  I  carefully  refrained  on  prixH 
ciple  from  any  expression  which  might  convey  an 
opinion  on  the  subject,  though  holding  a  very 
strong  one.  In  a  paper  like  ^'  N.  &  Q."  no  re- 
ligious controversies  can  or  ought  to  be  admitted ; 
and,  consequently,  no  one  is  entitled  to  lay  down 
a  decision  on  subjects  on  which  discussion  is  in- 
admissible. I  protest,  therefore,  against  the  unfair 
advantage  taken  by  the  alleged  apparition  on 
La  Salette  being  dogmatically  declared  to  be  a 
"notable  imposture."  F.  C.  H. 

The  Dodo's  PoRTRiixs  (4«>  S.  iii.  240, 891, 448; 
iv.  166.) — I  find  an  article  by  H.  C.  Millies,  in 
the  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Acadetng  of  Sciences 


4«^  S.  IV.  Sept.  25,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


265 


of  Amsterdam,  vol.  xi.  (1868),  on  the  Dodo  and 
nis  portraits.  The  immediate  object  of  the  com- 
munication in  question  was  to  bring  to  the  notice 
of  the  Academy  a  newly-discovered  likeness  of  the 
bird.  Besides  this  one,  he  mentions  six  others  as 
known  to  exist:  three  by  Rowland  Saverv,  dis- 
tributed among  the  museums  of  Berlin,  Vienna, 
and  the  Hague ;  one  by  John  Savery,  in  the  Ash- 
molean  Museum,  Oxford ;  one  by  John  or  Row- 
land Savery,  in  the  British  Museum ;  one  by  Jan 
Goeimare  and  Jan  de  Heem,  in  Sion  House.  The 
dates  of  these  six  range  between  1626  and  1628. 
The  seventh  was  discovered  by  Mr.  Millies,  in  the 
library  of  the  University  of  Utrecht,  among  the 
works  of  Carolus  Clusius  (^Exoticorum  lihri  decern^ 
eic :  ex  officina  Plantiniana  Raphalengii,  1606). 
The  painter  was  Adriaan  van  de  Venne,  as  ap- 
pears from  the  picture  itself,  of  which  a  facsimile 
IS  given  annexed  to  Mr.  Millies*  article.  Above 
the  portrait  of  this  uninviting-looking  animal  is 
the  lollowing :  — 

**  Vera  effigies  huius  auis  walch-vooel  (qusa  et  a 
naxLtia  dodaers  propter  focdam  postenoris  partis  cras- 
aitiem  nuncupatur)  qualis  viua  Amsterodamam  perlata 
est  ex  Insula  3iavritii.    Anno  m.dcxxvi." 

The  painter's  mark  is  just  below  the  picture: 
*'  Manu  Adriani  Vennij  pictoris.'*  A.  P. 

A  picture,  supposed  to  be  by  Roland  Savery,  is  in 
my  possession  (having  belonged  to  my  family  for 
many  generations) :  it  represents  Orpheus  charming 
the  animal  creation  by  the  power  of  music.  The 
dodo  is  represented  together  with  other  birds  and 
beasts.  I  can  refer  your  correspondent  to  The 
Dodo  a7id  its  Kitulrcdj  by  Strickland  &  Melville, 
London,  4to,  1848,  where  other  pictures,  of  the 
dodo  by  Savery  at  the  Hague,  Berlin,  Vienna,  and 
Oxford  are  mentioned.      Evelyn  Ph.  Shielet. 

Watling    Street  in  Kent   (4^*»  S.   iv.  158, 
225.) — At  the  time  I  sent  my  query  I  had  not 
seen    The  English    ArcliceologisV s  Handbook    by 
Henry    Godwin,   F.S.A.     (Parker,   1867).      At 
p.  77,  Watling  Street  is  described  as  commencing 
at  Richborough,  and  going  through  Canterbury 
and  London,  by  Stony  Stratford  (the  paved  street 
ford),  to  Chester.     A  foot-note  explains  the  mean- 
ing of  Watling  Street  as  ^^  the  road  of  the  sons  of 
Watla.''    Hence  I  conclude  Watling  Street  may 
be  correctly  described  as  either  Roman  or  Saxon, 
the  road  itself  being  Roman  and  the  name  of  it 
Saxon.     Since  my  query  appeared  I  have  been 
asked   the   following  question: — If  the  Watling 
Street  did  not  go  over  Boughton  Hill  and  through 
Harbaldown,  how  is  it  the  remaining  portions  in 
the  city  of  Canterbury  still  bearing  the  name  lead 
straight  towards  both  of  them  ?   1  confess  I  left 
this  fact  out  of  my  calculation  altogether,  and 
upon  looking  into  the  question  again,  I  think  the 
ancient  road  must  have  led  through  the  village 
of  Harbaldown.     I  am  still  in  doubt  as  to  Bough- 


ton  Hill  being  in  its  course.  Hasted,  in  his  JJm- 
tory  of  Kent,  folio,  jpL  ii.,  under  the  head  of 
"Boughton,"  mentions  a  tradition  of  the  in- 
habitants, to  the  effect  that  the  ancient  road  ran 
some  distance  to  the  south  of  Boughton  Hill.  I 
should  not  attach  much  weight  to  this  if  I  had 
not  noticed  that  Roman  remains  have  been  found 
along  the  road  which  Hasted  supposes  was  the 
oldest,  while  along  the  present  main  road  I  cannot 
find  that  any  such  relics  have  been  found  between 
the  forty-ninth  mile-stone  (which  is  close  to  Nash 
Court,  Boughton)  and  Harbaldown.  According 
to  Rickman,  a  Roman  mile  contains  149  yards 
less  than  an  English  one.  Geoboe  Bbdo. 

6,  Pulross  Road,  Brixton. 

Prince  Joseph  Stuart  (4"*  S.  iv.  214.)— If 
this  interesting  member  of  our  royal  house  were 
the  cousin-german  of  Charles  Edward,  it  would 
be  additionally  entertaining  to  know  whose  son 
he  was.  £[ad  James  H.  more  sons  who  liTed  to 
mature  age  than  oneP  or  are  we  to  suppose  a 
resuscitation  of  one  of  those  wl^o  died  in  inmncy  ? 
The  episode  is  certes  peu  connu  indeed. 

Hermentrttdb. 

Sir  Hugh  Oalvelet  (4*»>  S.  iv.  217.)— 

"  Hiigh  de  Calverley  is  retained  to  dwell  with  us  for 
one  year  in  our  voyage  to  Spain,  in  whatever  place  we 
shall  visit,  or  shall  assign  to  him.  Savoy,  June  80," 
1372.  {Register  of  John  of  Gaunt,  Duchy  of  Lancaster 
Documents,  Division  xi.,  No.  12,  fol.  154.) 

This  voyage  commenced  July  9, 1386. 

Herkentrude, 

RiPOiT  Spurs  (4}^  S.  iv.  216.)— Dr.  Fuller,  in 

his  Worthies  of  Engl<ind,  notices  among  the  local 

proverbs  of  Yorkshire  **  As  true  steel  as  Bippon 

rowels  " :  — 

"  It  is  said,"  he  remarks,  "  of  trusty  persons,  men  of 
tnetall,  faithfall  in  their  imployments.  Spurs  are  a  prin- 
cipal part  of  Knightly  Hatchments ;  yea,  a  Poet  observes 
(Mr.  Drayton  in  his  PolyoHbion,  Song  ii.  p.  71)  — 

*  The  lands  that  over  Ouze  to  Berwick  forth  doe  bear, 
Have  for  their  blazon  had  the  Snaffle,  Spur,  and 
Spear.' 
Indeed,  the  best  Spurs  of  England  are  made  at  Rippon, 
a  famous  town  in  this  county,  whose  rowels  may  be  in- 
forced  to  strike  through  a  shilling,  and  will  break  sooner 
than  bow.  However,  the  horses  in  this  county  are  gene- 
rally so  good,  they  prevent  the  Spurs,  or  answer  unto 
them — a  good  sign  of  thrifty  metall  for  continuance." 

When  King  James  came  to  Kipon,  April  15. 
1617,  on  his  way  to  Scotland,  he  was  presentea 
by  the  corporation  '*  with  a  gilt  bowl  and  a  pair 
of  Ripon  spurs,  which  cost  5/."  {ProgresseSf(^c.j 
of  King  James  the  Fir  sty  iii.  274). 

In  reference  to  the  above,  I  send  you  a  quota- 
tion from  Xh^Anglorum  Spectdum ;  or,  The  Worthies 
of  England  in  (^urch  and  State,  p.  882,  published 
in  1684:  — 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


C4>kS.[y.  Sm.afi.'M. 


CU  in  their 


nploymea 


-  As  truB  steel  as  Rippon  Bowels.  The  best  spurs  of 
Engiand  are  made  at  Rippon,  Uie  rowela  whereof  may  be 
enforced  to  strike  through  ^shilling,  and  nill  break 
■       '  '"   '    appljed  lo  men  of  metal,  faith- 

S.  L. 

The  DEroRMEi)  Tbaitbpobmed  (4'"  S.  iv.  133, 
206.)— A  droll  inBtBnce  of  an  enjraver's  error, 
Mmilar  to  those  described  by  A,  it.  and  E.  V.,  ia 
to  be  found  in  the  originnl  illustrated  edition  of 
Dombeif  and  Son.  The  blunder  may  with  fitne88 
be  recorded  in  these  pages:  for  the  subject  is 
none  other  than  the  autnor  of  our  motto — "  When 
found,  make  a  note  of" — the  immottal  Captain 
Cuttle  himself;  who  is  represented  with  his 
wooden  arm  and  hook,  sometimes  on  the  right 
and  aometimes  on  the  left.        W.  D.  Sweetibo. 

Peterborough. 

Shakbpeaek  (4'"  S.  iv.  118.)— In  Hanmer'a 
Shakapear  (vol.  i.)  there  is  an  account  of  the 
"life.  Sec,  of  Mr,  William  Shakespear,  written 
bf  Mr.  Rowe,"  in  which  there  is  a  commentary 
on  the  linea — 


The  earliest  notice  of  this  maxim  given  by  yi 
former  conespondenta  seems  to  be  found  u: 
work,  Bellochii  Praxii  Moralis  Theohgiee  de  Catihui 
TesenxUis,  ^c.  (Venetus,  1627.)  J  discorer  it, 
howeveT,  in  the  following  maxim  of  Guicciardini 
(bom  A.D.  1482,  died  a.s.  1<J40),  and  quote  it 
Rom  the  translation  by  Miss  Emma  Martin 
(London,  1645),  aa  I  am  unable  at  present  to 
refer  to  the  original ; — 

^  It  19  a  common  belief,  and  we  do  also  of^n  eee  experi- 
ence thereof,  that  lU-jrolteD  Riches  do  not  pass  beyond  the 
third  generation.  Saint  Angustia  aava,  thai  God  doth 
permit  that  be  who  hath  acquired  tliem  shonld  enjoy 
tbem,  in  recompense  of  whatsoever  good  Deeds  he  hath 
done  iu  bis  life  ;  bnt  that  afterward  thej  do  not  descend 
much  farther,  liecanse  sueb  is  ordinarily  the  judgment  of 
Ood  toward  Ill-gotten  Riches.  I  said  once  to  a  Friar, 
Oiat  there  was  another  reaaon;  because  he  who  doth 
acquire  Wealth  is  commonly  nurtured  in  Poverty,  and 
therefore  be  loves  it  and  knows  the  art  of  preserving  it: 
bnt  his  Sons,  who  arc  bom  and  nurtured  in  Riches,  know 
not  what  it  is  to  get  Wealth,  neither  having  the  Art 
nor  method  of  preserving  it,  they  do  readily  dissipate  it.', 
Gnicciardini's  remark  to  the  Friar  is  probably 
the  natural  cause  why  such  richea  are  Boon  dis- 
sipated. It  Beems  to  be  n  deduction  from  the 
proverb  known  both  to  Greeka  and  Romana.  In 
Euripidea  {Fi-agm.  Erechth.  10)  we  find  the 
following :  — 

TAi  oJrrfai  y^  tutWov  f)  T^t  apitayat 
Tiliar  tiKOHiy  ■  olh-i  Tip  rXoSris  xort 


robbery ;  for  ill-gotten  ricbw 

And  in  Plautus  (bom  about  B.C.  254,  died  B.C. 
184)  we  find  the  same  idea  {Ptsnul  iy.  2,  22)  — 
"Male  partum,  male  disperit,''  which  Cicero 
(Philip.  II.  27)  gives  in  a  slightly  different  form: 
"  Male  partft,  male  dilabuntur.  The  maxim  is 
thua  traced  to  Saint  Augustine,  who  waa  bom 
A.o.  354.    In  which  of  his  works  is  it  found  f 

Cbacfubd  Taii  BAHAaS. 

WHiTainrDAY  (4"^  S.  iii.  6B2.) — The  pafisagea 
quoted  by  Mr.  Knowles  from  an  early  homily  in 
which  the  spelling  of  this  word  is  Tutitestmtudeit 
and  K&le  tunnedei  are  not  sufficient  to  decide  this 
difficult  question  of  elymolo^.  Thev  merely 
give  a  popular  explanation,  which  waa  also  atated 
explicitly  in  the  different  versions  of  the  lAtr 
Feativala.  A  more  important  passage  is  that  in 
the  Saxon  CTronicfc,  "on  hwitan  Sunnan  dng" 
(sub  an.  1007  in  F.  Eaile's  edit.),  where  &. 
Earle'a  suggestion  that  the  Sunday  after  Eluter 
{Dominica  in  Albi»)  was  meant  is  almoet  dis- 
proved by  the  parallel  psasage  in  Florence  of 
Worcester,  whore  we  read"  in  die  pentecostea." 

Before  the  Norman  Conquest  there  waa  no 
other  name  for  the  day  [than  PenUcottet.  Tbil 
was  used  oven  in  yElfric's  Homilies,  which  beiag 
addressed  ad  popultim,  would  have  referred  to  Uu 
popular  name  had  such  then  existed.  My  own 
impresdon,  then,  ia,  that  aome  word  was  brought 
over  by  Norman  ecclesiastics,  which  was  rendered 
intelligible  to  Saxon  ears  by  being  corrupted  into 
the  forms  White  Sunday  or  Wit-Sunday,  nndor 
the  influence  of  the  same  law  which  changed  the 
name  of  the  ship  Bellerophon  into  Billy  Ruffian. 

There  is  also  some  mtticulty  about  the  word 
WhitsuH,  as  used  in  compound  terms.  Robert  of 
Gloucester  is,  I  believe,  the  QiBt  to  use  it  in  dia 
form  Wylesontyde,  and  in  the  sixteenth  centnir  it 
occurs  to  Whitaun-Week,  Whitsuo-Eve,  Whit- 
sun  Ale,  &o.  (It  is  often  spelt  WTtUaon.)  I 
would  explain  it  partly  by  the  false  divimon, 
Whiteun-Day,  but  would  lay  more  atren  upot 


&c.     Low  or  Law  Sunday,  and  Lawson  Eve  zan 
be  compared.     (But  see  Corrie's  Wheatly,  p.  258, 

I  hare  thrown  together  these  notes  in  the  ho^ 
of  eliciting;  some  facts  from  those  well  versed  in 
early  Norman  literature ;  and  not  in  order  to  pro- 
voke a  series  of  conjectures  of  the  Pfingrien  kind, 
which  are  so  often  made  without  any  attempt  to 
trace  historically  the  connection  between  the  word 
and  the  derivation  guessed  at.       £.  S.  Dbwice. 

"Jealous  as  a  Couple  of  Haikssbssxbs " 
(4*  S.  iv.  196.)— I  begleave  to  submit  to  tlu 
conraderation  of  Me.  H.  W.  Savilb  the  following 


4*  S.  IV.  Sept.  25,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


267 


yeraes,  which  seem  to  show  that,  early  in  the 
eighteenth  centurj',  a  similar  proverb  was  current 
in  France.  I  take  them  from  an  old  book  in  my 
possession,  entitled  La  Bataille  des  Batailleti,  ro- 
man  comique  de  In  Hose,  par  C.  Langlois  (Paris, 
1721,  12mo.)  After  describing  the  origin  and 
progress  of  the  quarrel,  the  author  continues  thus: 

**  Sito8t  en  bataille  accourust, 
Ne  craignant  ne  mort  ne  carnage, 
Et  ne  courbant  sa  vile  rage  : 
Poinct  faineant  le  poing  ne  fust, 
Et  I'ongle  y  fust  pour  quelque  chose. 
Ainsi  combattoient  pour  la  Rose, 
Aussi  jaloux,  ces  deux  seigneurs 
L'ung  de  Tautre,  que  deux  coCffeurs." 

This  quotation,  1  think,  is  sufficient  to  prove 
that  the  saying  is  not  of  modem  growth,  but  I 
must  leave  to  others  to  explain  its  origin,  and  to 
say  why  hairdressers  are  supposed  to  be  more 
subject  to  the  passion  of  jealousy  than  ordinary 
mortals.  Charles  Ling. 

Chbistianitt  in  India  (4'^  S.  iv.  95.) — If 

P.  K  N.  will   turn   to    Good  Words,  page  551, 

(August  18G9),  he  will  find  the  editor  writing 

thus:  — 

*•  We  received  much  kindness  at  Vellore,  as  well  as  at 
all  other  places  in  India.  The  English  chaplain  gave  us 
the  use  of  his  church  for  our  ordination  service,  affording 
another  instance  of  the  catholic  spirit  manifested  by  the 
different  Christian  churches  in  India." 

F.  N.  a. 

Bell-binging  for  Divine  Service  (4***  S.  iv. 
66.)  —  A  Presbyterian  or  Scotch  church  has  been 
recently  erected  in  this  city,  and  a  bell  is  regularly 
rung  for  Sunday  morning  and  evening  services, 
and  for  a  Wednesday  evening  service.  This  is  the 
only  instance  of  wliich  I  have  heard  in  this  city, 
except  in  the  church  of  England.  F.  N.  G. 

Worcester. 

Our  End  linked  to  our  Beginning  (4***  S. 
iv.  60,  147.) — Among  the  quotations  containing 
this  idea,  I  have  not  seen  the  following  referred 
to  in  **  jS.  &:  (^." ;  it  is  from  the  Reve's  Prologue 
in  Chaucer's  Canterhmj  Tales  (11.  3889-3892)  :  — 

"  For  sikerly,  whan  1  was  borne,  anon 
Deth  drew  tljc  tappe  of  lif,  and  let  it  gon  : 
And  ever  sith  hath  so  the  tappe  yronnc, 
Til  that  almost  all  empty  is  the  tonne." 

A.  P. 

Camel:  '^The  Ship  of  the  Desert"  (4***  S. 

iv.  10, 108.) — I  trust  that  the  query,  by  whom  the 

camel  was  iirst  so  called,  niay  still  be  answered. 

I  find  it  in  an  old  and  somewhat  out-of-the-way 

book,  Geor<j:e  Sandvs's  Paraphrase  on  Johy  printed 

first  in  1038  (?) :  — 

"  Tlin?e  thousand  camels  his  rank  pastures  fed ; 
Arabia's  wundrhuf  shipsj  for  traffic  bred." 

As  Sandys  had  been  himself  an  Oriental  travel- 
ler— witness  his  livhdion  of  a  Jouniey^hegan  A.D. 
1610 — it  is  not  impossible  that  he  imported  the 
expression  from  the  East.  C.  W.  lin^GHAir. 


Elizabeth  Chatjcer  (4"'  S.  iv.  173,  226.)  — 
If  A.  II.  will  inspect  the  following  sketch  of  the 
Chaucer  dates,  1  think  he  will  agree  with  me 
that  the  relationship  of  Elizabeth  to  the  poet 
could  scarcely  be  that  of  granddaughter,  since 
1381  is  almost,  if  not  quite,  too  early  for  her 
birth  in  that  case,  to  say  nothing  of  her  profes- 
sion as  a  nun.  The  greater  part  of  these  dates 
are  taken  horn  the  Kolls  of  Edward  III.  and 
Richard  II.,  the  Inquisitions  Post-mortem,  the 
Register  of  John  of  Gaunt,  &c.  I  did  not  forget, 
but  rather  assumed  as  unnecessary  to  be  proved, 
the  relationship  between  Katherine  Swynford  and 
Philippa  Chaucer.  The  earliest  date  for  the  birth 
of  the  latter  seems  to  be  1342,  but  a  later  one  I 
judge  more  probable.  Her  identity  with  Philippa 
JPycard  I  see  reason  to  doubt. 

Geoffrey  Chaucer,  bom  1328,  died  Oct.  26, 
1400.     Married 

Philippa,  younger  daughter  of  Sir  Payne  le 
Roelt,  Guienne  Kmg-at-Arms ;  bom  1342-8  (pro- 
bably about  1346)  ;  married  before  Sept.  12, 1366  j 
died  after  May  6, 1382. 

Issue :  Thomas,  born  circ,  1364  (qy.)>  Constable 
of  Wallingford  Castle,  Sheriff  of  Oxfordshire  and 
Berkshire,  Grand  Butler  of  England,  1403  (jy. 
earlier) ;  confirmed  in  office  Dec.  6,  1422 ;  died 
between  Nov.  8,  1434,  and  Feb.  13,  1435. 
Married 

Maude,  daughter  and  co-heir  of  John  de  Burg* 
hersh  and  Ismania  de  Hanham;  born  circ,  1364 
(qy.  her  father  bom  1342) ;  died  1436-7. 

Issue:  Alice,  married  (1)  before  1427,  John 
Phelip,  who  died  1427 ;  (2)  before  Oct  20, 1427, 
Thomas  de  Montacute,  Earl  of  Salisbury,  wha 
died  Nov.  1428;  (3)  before  Feb.  27,  1432,  Wil- 
liam de  la  Pole,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  who  died  1450  ^ 
she  died  1475.  Hermentrude. 

Franking  Newspapers  (4'*»  S.  iv.  216.)  — 
Originally  a  newspaper  went  free  through  the 
post  if  addressed  to  a  member  of  Parliament, 
like  a  letter.  Then,  by  a  convenient  fiction,  it 
might  be  franked  to  any  member  on  the  supposi- 
tion that  he  was  staying  at  the  time  at  the  per- 
son's residence  for  whom  the  paper  was  in  reality 
intended.  Thus  I  remember  a  friend  of  mine- 
franking  newspapers  constantly  for  years,  with 
the  name  of  Earl  Grey,  to  a  place  where  that 
peer  perhaps  never  went  in  his  life.  In  the  case- 
quoted,  the  name  of  Lord  Onslow  was  suggested 
for  franking  the  paper,  as  the  name  of  any  other 
member  of  either  House  of  Parliament  might 
have  been.  F.  C.  H. 

Appleton  op  Soxtth  Bemfleet,  Essex  (4*^  S. 
iii.  558.) — A  pedigree  of  this  family  will  be  found 
in  one  of  the  parts  of  the  ArchnBological  Mme^ 
published  by  J.  Russell  Smith.  A* 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIEa 


[4AS.JT.  San.SS.'n. 


fRiiaTlantaAUl. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 
SgUabut  (in  Eagliik')  of  «e  DocuimtUi  reloliap  if  Eitg- 
land  ami  alher  Cnanlria  coxlaincd  I'n  !l,e  CullidinK 
knoicH  as  Homer's  Fitdtra.  Bt/  Tbomss  Duffiu  Hunlj, 
Deputy -Keeper  of  tha  Public  KecDrds.  T'ol.  I.  lOSB- 
1377.    (LoDginsiu.) 

The  titfkta  iii  in  every  sense  of  the  word  a  gTe»t 
work ;  30  great  indeed,  that  iu  aica  and  price  cambioe  to 
place  it  out  of  the  roach  o!  a  large  uumbor  of  liistorical 
Btudeata.  The  prewDt  S^Halna,  Iha  abject  of  which  is 
aimply  to  give  a  airnopaiH  of  the  UJ^ofc  of  the  Fiafcra 
1r  the  fewest  pas«ble  wordi,  and  in  strict  chroao- 
logical  order,  and  which,  as  we  gather  from  Sir  Thomas 
Hardy's  preface,  is  to  ba  completed  in  three  volumes,  will 
be  B  great  boon  to  such  stndentB,  who  owe  no  smaJI  obli- 
catiou  tt  Lord  Roioilly  for  eof  gesting  the  work,  aod  (o 
its  learned  editor  for  carrying  It  out.  Tbe  volume  before 
Ui  caDlaiDR  a  brief  calendar  of  the  documentfl  contained 
in  the  first  mi  and  aporSon  of  the  seventh  volume  of 
the  original  edition.  This  catendor  is  preceded  by  a  veiy 
■laboraM  and  instractive  preface,  in  which  the  editor 
tTKea  not  only  the  origin  and  history  of  this  great  na- 
tloaal  collection  of  State  Docnments,  fur  which  we  are 
Indebted  Co  the  br-sigbtedness  and  good  judgroeat  of 
l>ird  Somars  and  Lord  Halifax,  and  to  the  teaming  and 
lodostry  of  Rymer,  but  also  fliniiahes  lu  with  n  very  in- 
tenndng  biography  of  the  HistDiiograpber  Royal.  This 
preface  ii  followed  by  valuable  tables  of  the  regnal  years 
of  the  Kings  of  England  and  of  conlemparar/  sovereigns 
from  the  Conqueror  to  Edward  IIT.  The  second  volume 
Will  contain  a  general  index  of  the  name?  of  persons  and 
flaces  which  occur  in  the  Syllabia.  While  the  third  will 
be  wholly  devoted  to  a  general  index  of  such  names  of 

Ersons  and  places,  iaclnding  also  mattery  which  appear 
all  the  editions  of  the  Fcedira,  and  so  arranged  as  to 
eoit  each  edition.  We  think  we  hare  said  tnongh  to 
show  what  n  valuable  conCribntion  the  present  work 
will  be,  when  eompletad,  to  the  series  of  which  it  forms  a 

Tht  Fullrr'i  Wnrtfuai'  Library.     Tin  Pinna  ef  PhineaM 

FMehrr,  B.D^    Rater  of  HUgas,  Norfolk.     For  Ike 

fint  tiiitc  coUecttdand  idilnd  irilh  Mttmir,  Enay,  Notti, 

and  Faaimila.    By  Ihi  Bev.  Alexander   13.  Grusart, 

St.  George's,  Blackburn,  Lancashire.    Volt.  HI.  and 

It'.    Printed  for  Private  drculatim. 

Mr.  Grosart  has,  in  these  two   handsome   volumes, 

brought  to  a  ck»e  hli  welcome  offering  1o  lovers  of 

Elizabcth:in  poetrv,  a  collected  edition  of  the  works  of 

Phineas  Fletcher.  '  Volume  the  third  contains,  Slcelldes, 

a  Piecatory;  Elisa,  an  Elegic;  a  Collection  of  Poetical 

Hisceltanies ;  Fletcher's  hitherto  nncollected  and  ineditcd 

Minor  Poems ;  and  lastly,  his  Sylva  Poclica,  with  addi- 

poem,  the  Purple  Island,  with  Introduction  and  Notes; 
the  edition  being  rendetod  mare  complete  and  useful  by 
three  separate  Indices,  viz.,  1.  Index  of  Things  and 
Thoughts;  ±  Names  of  Persons  and  Flacen  ;  and  S. 
Wonia  Noticeable  and  Rare.  Aa  this  collection  of  the 
Poems  of  one,  of  whom  Headlci-  says  "  Milloti  read  and 


Familn  Reailingt  im  the  CoUectt,  Epiillts,  and  Giapelt  of 
the  Chriilmn  Year.  By  the  Kev.  Douglas  C.  Tlmlos, 
M.A..  Oriel  College,  Oxford.     (Parker  &  Co.) 


faith,  there  is  nothing  of  so  much  ccusequence  as  a  sobei 
BUndard  of  feeling  m  mflttors  of  practical  religion;  and 
it  is  the  peculiar  happiness  of  the  Church  of  England  to 
possess  in  her  authorised  fonunlaries  an  ample  ana 
secure  provision  for  both."  He  led  the  van,  and  mni^ 
others  have  foUowed  him— as,  Dr.  Hook  ia  hia  Chratiaa 
Taitght  by  tht  Church  ServUei,  aod  Mr.  How  in  bU 
Plain  Wordi.  Mr.  Timins,  a  member,  too,  of  Keble> 
old  College  of  Oriel,  addn  another  name  to  the  lid; 
brinfrfug  to  his  task,  or  rather  labonr  of  love,  moeh 
learnini;  and  a  thorough  appreciation  of  hli  subjeot. 
Apart  from  thcae  qnaliflcatioas,  we  wish  the  book  every 
success,  a.i  the  proceeds  arlring  fhjm  its  sale  are  to  ba 
devoted  to  that  excellent  inatitntian  the  ■•Foot  CliaiFy 
Relief  Society."  *' 

The  Syrian  Omsd'oni  o/  JUidabar,  otheneiit  called  At 
Chriiliant  of  S.  ThoMoj,  by  the  Rev.  Edavalikel  Phi- 
lipos.  ChoreniscopnsCathanar  of  the  Great  Chnrdi  at 
Cottayam,  in  Travancore.  Edited  Au  Ite  B«r.  6.  B. 
Howard,  M.A.    (Parker.) 

Those  whose  intereit  in  the  Syrians  of  H^alNir  wW 
awakened  bv  Ur.  Howard's  pabliealion  in  laSl  of  TIU 
Ckriitiwit  of  S.  Thomat  and  their  Lilurgit,,  will  find  In 
this  little  treatise  further  illustration  of  their  views  and 
doctrines. 

Religia  Medici,  Hydrinlaphia,  md  the  Latter  to  a  Friaii, 
bg  Sit  Thomaj  Browoe,  Knt.  lfi(A  an  /alndaetM 
o«d  .Vu/«  Ay  W,  Willis  Bund,  M. A.  LL.B.     (piw  # 

If  it  be  Irac,  as  the  editor  of  this  beauCifal  reprint  tab 
u^  that  ■'  Sir  Thomas  Browne  is  in  author  wbo  fa  mm' 
little  knowa  and  less  read,"  Messrs.  Low  haT>s  dona  nod 
service  by  including  in  their  Bayard  Series  thi*  i£dT 
printed  and  carefullv  edited  edition  of  bis  Hefwio  JWalwt, 
Zfydriolopii'fl,  and  tetter  to  a  Friend. 
Nood;  fForhs  Oimpltlt.    Part  I.     {Moion  *  Co.) 

A  new  edition  ofthe  complete  works  of  Thomai  Hood, 
issued  in  ahilliag  parts,  in  whtse  writings  it  is  hard  t» 
Boy  whether  his  hiimonr  or  his  patlioe  is  the  most  «Ib»- 
tive,  will  be  a  great  boon  to  his  many  thoneand  ai" 


^tttc£  ta  ((TatTciipanVcnM. 

ri<  •jt^MliI  In  uiMtehhI  111  1*1  EdOnr,  Stuk  Xmlimw  ^dlW. 
lis  s  ilutimn— rli. "  Tbtlntl  lOr  s  cnio  In  ufurifr." 


■0  atniai1l!1"ilKii>lI»I(bt 


4«hS.lV.  Oct.  2/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


269 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  2,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  92. 

NOTES:  —  Tho  Cities  Sybaris.  Thurii,  and  Cosa,  269  — 
Joseph  Ruffini,  tho  Author  of  •'Doctor  Antonio,"  270  — 
Luci'  Barlow  or  Walters,  271  —  An  Irish  Anecdote  — Epi- 
taph on  an  Architect  —  "  The  Prodigal  Son,"  an  Oratorio 

—  Residences  in  London  :  Change  of  Fasiiionable  Resi- 
dences —  Scott :  Uood  —  Nous  —  Swaddlers  —  Visitor's 
Maxim,  271. 

QUERIES :  —  A  Picture  Query,  272  —  Ancient  Prophecies, 
278  — Anonymous  — Author  wanted  —  Scottish  Ballad  — 
•*  John  Barleycorn  "  —  Bumham  Beeches  —  Portraits  of 
Bums  —  Henry  de  EIretou  —  Fastigium  —  Gardening 
Book  —  Pronunciation  of  the  Words  "  Hare  "and  "Hair^' 

—  The  Khedive  — Latin  Hymns  —  Napoleon  L  — Henry 
St.  John— William  Shakespeare— Stone  Altar— An  Unac- 
knowledged Poem  of  Tennyson —Troutbeck  Family  — 
The  Undertaker's  Hammer  —  Wind,  273. 

QlTXKiES  WITH  AK8WSB8  —  Poor  LawSong— "Libellus 
deModo  Coniitendi  et  Penitendi "  —  Jem  the  Penman  — 
Shakespeare  —  Van  Lennep's  Tales  in  English—  Knights 
temp.  Charles  I.  —  Schiller  —  Richard  Eden  —  '*  Blessed  is 
he  that  expecteth  nothing,"  276. 

BEPLIES :  —  Thomas  Rowlandson.  Artist,  278  —  Filius  Na- 
turalis :  tho  Borthwick  Peerage.  280  —  Sir  Hufrh  Calveley, 
76.— Low  German,  281  —  Was  Macbeth  the  Third  Mur- 
derer of  Banquo?  332  — Apprentices  Whipped  —  Carnac 

—  ••  Snakes  here  "  —  Hadleigh  Castle  —  Medicinal  Spring 
at  DuJwich  — Announcing  to  Bees  the  Death  of  their 
Master  —  Bumble  Bee  —  Batch  Queries  --  Smoke  — 
Etiquette  —  Cansick  —  Gleaning  —  English  Versions  of 
Goethe's  "  Faust "  —  Parrots  —  Archbishop  Parker's  Arms 
and  those  of  Tobias  Mathew,  ike,  283. 

Notes  on  Books.  &c. 


finite* 

THE  CITIES  SYBARIS,  THURII,  AND  COSA. 

The  position  of  Sybaris,  one  of  the  most  cele- 
brated cities  of  Magna  Graecia,  has  never  yet  been 
satisfactorily  fixed,  and  though  I  examined  the 
spot  where  it  is  believed  to  have  been  placed, 
with  care,  I  cannot  say  that  I  am  able  to  throw 
much  light  on  the  subject.  I  approached  the 
valley  of  the  Crathis  from  the  south,  having 
passed  the  previous  night  at  Kossano;  and  on 
emerging  from  a  thick  wood  of  old  olive-trees, 
was  struck  by  the  beauty  of  the  valley,  which  I 
do  not  doubt  would  still  be  a  tract  of  surprising 
fertility  if  the  streams  of  Crathis  and  Sybaris 
were  confined  within  their  banks.  Sybaris  was 
one  of  the  earliest  of  all  the  Greek  colonies  in  this 
part  of  Italy,  being  founded,  according  to  the 
statement  of  Scymnus  Chius,  as  early  as  B.c.  720. 
It  quickly  rose  to  great  opulence,  and  had  as  early 
as  the  sixth  century  B.C.  attained  such  power  that 
it  ruled  over  twenty-five  subject  cities,  bringing 
into  the  field  300,000  of  its  own  citizens.  (Strab, 
vi.  263 ;  Diod.  xii.  0.)  The  luxurious  habits  of 
its  inhabitants  have  been  handed  down  to  us  in 
the  word  Sybarite,  and  the  size  of  the  city  must 
have  been  grcnt  to  enable  it  to  furnish  an  army  of 
300,000,  with  which  they  marched  against  the 
neighbouring  city  of  Crotona.  They  were  de- 
feated B.C.  510,  and  the  city  was  utterly  destroyed, 
as  the  Crotoniats  are  said  to  have  turned  the 
course  of  the  river  Crathis  so  as  to  inundate  the 


site  of  the  city  and  bury  the  ruins  imder  the  de- 
posits that  it  brought  down.  (Jferodot,  v.  44: 
Athen.  xii.  521 ;  Scymn.  Cki.  337-360.) 

The  Crathis  and  Sybaris  unite  about  three 
miles  from  the  sea ;  and  we  can,  therefore,  have 
no  difficulty  in  fixing  the  spot  where  the  city  must 
have  been  placed.  Downwards  from  the  conflu- 
ence I  founa  the  ground  to  be  low  and  marshy^ 
such  indeed  that  its  sanatory  state  must  idwajs 
have  been  bad.    In  the  morning,  from  the  high 

found  on  which  Cassano  is  situated,  and  where 
passed  the  night,  I  could  not  but  remark  ^e 
thick  and  heavy  fog  that  hung  over  the  low 
ground  at  the  moutti  of  the  conjunct  rivers. 
All  the  rivers  in  the  south  of  Itidy  have  marshy 
ground  overgrown  VTith  brushwood  at  their 
mouths.  The  pale  emaciated  faces  of  the  few 
herdsmen  who  are  compelled  to  look  after  the 
herds  of  buffaloes  show  the  state  of  the  air  which 
they  breathe,  and  the  stagnant  water  which  they 
drink.  It  is  with  difficulty  that  one  can  imagine 
that  such  a  site  could  have  been  chosen  for  a  city 
even  by  the  most  iffnorant,  and  yet  there  cannot 
be  a  doubt  that  Sy  oaris  must  have  been  placed 
in  this  unhealthy  spot,  as  there  is  a  proverb  in 
connection  with  it — ''  That  he  who  diet  not  wish 
to  die  before  his  time  ouffht  not  at  Sybaris  to  see 
the  sun  either  rise  or  set  I  examined  the  ground 
towards  the  confluence  of  the  two  streams,  which 
is  called  the  Plain  of  Gadella,  but  there  is  no 
appearance  of  buildings  nor  even  hillocks  to  indi- 
cate ruins,  and  though  attempts  have  been  made 
to  excavate^  I  was  told  by  my  kind  host  of  Cas- 
sano, Signore  Cafasi,  who  went  over  the  ground 
with  me,  that  water,  as  might  be  expected,  always 
rose  and  prevented  any  attempts  to  penetrate 
much  below  the  surface.  I  went  down  the  left 
bank  of  the  united  streams  till  I  was  stopped  by 
the  same  kind  of  marshy  ground  which  I  had 
found  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Silarus,  now  Sele, 
near  Psestum.  No  ruins  were  to  be  seen,  though 
I  could  readily  believe  from  the  appearance  of  the 
ground  that  tiie  channel  of  the  river  had  been 
changed,  whether  by  some  convulsion  of  nature 
or  by  the  hand  of  man  it  is  impossible  to  say. 
The  old  channel,  which  runs  in  a  direct  line 
towards  the  sea,  is  called  Abbotitura,  and  still 
contains  a  good  deal  of  water.  At  no  great  dis- 
tance from  it  is  a  small  lake  (Laghetto)  which 
communicates  with  the  sea.  This  Laghetto  may 
have  been  the  port  of  Sybaris,  but  no  remains  of 
it  are  to  be  seen. 

Signore  Cafasi  I  found  to  be  intelligent  and 
aware  of  the  object  I  had  in  view.  He  assured 
me,  however,  that  no  remains  had  ever  been  dis- 
covered of  the  ancient  city  of  Sybaris,  whidi 
there  can  be  no  doubt  was  situated  here.  The 
inhabitants,  therefore,  of  Crotona  had  only  been 
too  successful  in  rooting  up  and  utterly  obliterat- 
ing their  ancient  enemy.    I  inquired  if  he  knew 


270 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69. 


of  tlie  ruins  of  Thurii,  and  he  told  me  of  a  spot 
called  Turione,  between  the  villages  Spezzano 
and  Terra  Nuova,  where  coins,  vases,  and  terra- 
cotta figures  had  been  found  in  great  abundance, 
and  where  he  himself  had  seen  fragments  of 
marble  columns ;  but  as  I  found  that  a  visit  to 
the  spot  would  have  carried  me  back  to  the 
country  of  the  brigands,  from  which  I  was  only 
too  glad  to  have  emerged  with  safety,  I  gave  up 
all  uioughts  of  investigating  these  ruins.  I  did 
this  with  considerable  reluctance,  as  I  should 
have  liked  to  have  seen  the  spot  where  it  is  said 
that  Herodotus  composed  his  work. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  Cassano,  however, 
there  is  another  city  mentioned  by  Caesar  {B.  C. 
iii.  22),  Cosa  in  Agro  Thurino,  where  he  tells  us 
that  Milo  was  killed  under  its  walls ;  and  I  found 
that  I  could  approach  it  without  much  danger,  as 
it  was  onlv  three  miles  from  Cassano,  at  a  spot 
called  Civita — a  name  usually  applied  to  some 
ancient  site.  The  walls  may  be  imperfectly 
traced,  and  the  foundations  of  some  builaings  are 
scattered  here  and  there  on  the  summit  of  a  rising 
ground.  What  remains  of  Cosa  is  little,  and 
shows  that  it  had  been  at  no  time  of  great  size. 
There  is  a  tower  called  Torre  di  Milone,  but 
though  my  friend  maintained  its  antiquity  I  had 
my  doubts,  which  courtesy  did  not  allow  of  my 
communicating  to  him. 

All  these  celebrated  towns  are  now  represented 
by  the  city  Cassano,  which  contains  5000  in- 
habitants, and  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the 
slopes  of  a  steep  mountain  extending  round  the 
rocK,  on  which  stand  the  ruins  of  the  ancient 
baronial  castle  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Cassano. 
The  view  extends  up  the  valley  of  the  Crathis, 
with  the  lofty  mountains  of  the  Sila  as  a  back- 
ground. This  valley,  we  are  told  by  Varro  (72. 
it.  i.  44),  was  of  wonderful  fertility,  producing 
wheat  a  hundred-fold ;  and  if  it  were  reclaimed 
I  do  not  doubt  that  nature  would  be  as  ready  as 
in  former  times  to  reward  man  for  his  industry. 

Cratjftjrd  Tait  Kamaoe. 


JOSEPH  RUFFINI,  THE  AUTHOR  OF  «  DOCTOR 

ANTONIO." 

The  introduction  {Einkitung)  to  the  German 
translation  of  Giuseppe — or,  as  he  calls  himself  in 
his  adopted  language,  Joseph — Ruffini's  Lavinia 
(by  Augusta  Lewald),  brings  us  some  biographical 
notes  relating  to  an  author  whose  Doctor  Antonio 
and  Lorenzo  Benoni  have,  since  their  first  appear- 
ance (if  I  remember  right,  in  the  pages  of  Black- 
wood),  captivated  the  attention  and  the  deep 
interest  of  all  nations,  and  the  works  of  whom 
have  been  translated  into  all  the  principal  lan- 
guages of  Europe.  We  have  to  thank  that  inde- 
fatigable author,  critic,  and  scholar,  Professor 
Adolf  Stahr,  for  this  account  of  Ruffini,  which 


will  be  the  more  welcome  to  readers  curious  in 
biographical  details  as,  according  to  my  authority, 
neither  the  "reliable  Pierer,"  nor  firockhaus's 
newest  edition  (the  eleventh)  of  the  Conversations 
Lexikon,  nor  the  Biographie  univeraelle  des  Contemn 
porains,  give  us  — 

"  the  least  notice  about  a  poet  whose  Doctor  Antonio, 
that  charming  work  of  fiction  which  is  known  to  the 
whole  civilised  world,  would  alone  suffice  to  secure  to  its 
author  a  most  prominent  place  among  modem  writers  of 
fiction."— Vide  Einleitunp  von  Adolf  Stahr  to  the  Ger- 
man translation  of  Lavinia  *  *  *  von  Augusta  Lewald, 
4  vols.,  Berlin,  1869  (vol  i.  p.  iiL). 

Mr.  Stahr  continues :  — 

^'  Giuseppe  Ruffini  was  bom  in  the  small  town  of  Tag- 
gia,  on  the  Riviera  di  Ponente,  only  a  few  hours  distant 
from  Bordighera,  and  therefore  close  to  the  exact  place 
where  the  scene  of  his  most  widely  known  novel,  Doi^or 
Antonio^  is  laid.  This  accounts,  too,  for  the  predilection 
with  which  the  poet,  in  the  fifteenth  and  the  subsequent 
chapters  of  this  work  of  fiction,  pictures  the  little  town  of 
Taggia  and  its  inhabitants.  The  French  translator  of 
his  Erst  writings  has  made  Giuseppe  Ruffini  a  count — a 
circumstance  which  caused  him  to  declare  that  he  had  no 
right  to  this  or  to  any  other  title  in  the  world.  Giosqipe 
Ruffini  belonged  to  that  large  number  of  ^oae  young 
Italians  who,  before  the  year  1848,  had  to  undergo  so 
painful  a  penance  on  account  of  their  glowing  hopes  and 
wishes  for  the  liberty  of  their  country;  and  this,  toe, 
through  the  same  rulers  who  later  reaped  the  harvert  of 
what  those  had  been  sowing.  In  one  of  his  first  im- 
portant novels,  in  Lorenzo  Benoni,  he  has,  as  I  was  told* 
described  the  history  of  the  events  of  his  youth.  More 
fortunate  than  many  thousands  of  his  party,  he  escaped 
the  dungeon,  perhaps  the  axe,  by  leaving  his  own  countiy. 

^  From  this  time  hence  we  have  no  account  of  hii 
life.  We  only  know  that  he  went  to  London,  where  he 
began  his  literary  career,  making  use  of  the  English 
language.  The  novels  Lorenzo  Benoni  and  Doctor  Ai^ 
tonio  first  founded  his  great  reputation.  They  were  fol- 
lowed by  several  others,  among  them  the  novels  Lavhdm 
and  Vincenzo,  the  charming  idyl  A  quiet  Nook,  ttM 
description  of  his  still-life  in  a  Swiss  Pension,  and  the 
huraoristic  description  of  the  children  of  Old  England  in 
Paris,  which  I  only  know  through  the  medium  of  the 
French  translation,  JDecouverte  de  Paris  par  vne  Fanutte 
angiaise^  traduit  par  G.  Lisse  et  P.  P^troz  (Paris,  1862). 
Next  to  Lavinia,  Vincenzo  is  the  last  greater  novel  of 
our  author,  who  some  short  time  ago  had  left  London 
and  gone  to  Paris,  where  he  lives  in  great  retirement  in 
the  Rue  Vintimille. 

•  ••••§♦ 

"  One  disadvantage,  nevertheless,  has  the  circumstance 
that  Ruffini  has  been  obliged  to  write  in  a  language  not 
his  own.  His  works,  so  greatly  liked  out  of  his  own 
country,  read  with  so  much  pleasure  and  received  with 
so  much  approbation  by  England,  France,  and  Germany, 
are  much  less  known  than  one  might  conjecture  in  his 
own  fatherland  luly.  As  far  as  I  know,  only  one  of  hie 
novels.  Doctor  Antonio,  has  been  translated  into  Italian 
by  a  friend  of  the  author,  Bartolomeo  Aquarone  (Genova, 
18o6) ;  all  the  others  are,  as  I  convinced  myself  during^ 
18hG-67,  as  good  as  unknown  in  Italy.  As  far  back  as 
twelve  years  ago  a  compatriot  of  the  poet,  living  like 
himself  in  exile,  exclaimed  sorrowfully :  *  All  civilised 
nations  vie  in  naturalising  our  Ruffini*  into  their  litera- 
ture :  only  in  our  own  country  it  seems  to  be  with  him 
according  to  the  proverb  of  the  prophet,*  The  knowledge 
of  the  English  language  in  Italy,  it  is  trae,  is  in  our  days 


*»S.IV.  Oct.S,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


271 


tnuslatiotisi  and  linallv,  such  trADsUtions  of  Ituffinl' 
naveb  inlo  Italian  woald  have  been,  some  eight  or  nine 
jean  aou,  an  imposLSibilitj'.  ror  notitical  rcosoDS." — Vide 
snte,  ii'iu/eifuNg,  vol.  i.  pp.  l.-vlii. 

I  scarcely  need  add,  that  the  Qerman  transla- 
tion of  Lavittia,  which  haa  been  ushered  into  the 
-world  of  German  ideaa  and  German  thinking-, 
under  bo  noble  ao  auspice  aa  that  of  Professor 
Stahr  (of  whose  introduction  to  it  I  haye  availed 
myaelf  for  the  foregoing  notes),  is  as  truthful  as 
it  is  elegant  and  readwle,  I*t,  then,  German 
larUeri,  too,  profit  by  the  perusal  of  a  work  which 
cultivates  taste  as  well  as  morals  and  mind — not 
only  German  readers.  IIkbmakn  Kikdt. 


'   LUCY  BARLOW  OR  WALTERS. 

Has  the  following  ever  been  noticed  by  any  of 
those  who  have  written  concerning  tl  '  ' 
life  of  Charles  II.  P  If  it  has  not,  yon 
haps  find  room  for  it.  I  have  come  upon  it  in 
t*ning  over  the  leaves  of  a  volume  of  me  Hope 
collection  of  newspapers  in  the  Bodleian  Library ; — 

"Julv  IG  MG.iG].  HisHigbness.bj- warrant  directed 
to  Sir  John  Barksteail.  Lteulcnant  of  the  Tower,  baUi 
given  order  fur  the  release  of  one  that  ffoes  by  the  namo 
t^LiiettBarloiit,  who  Tor  sometime  bath  heen  a  frisonet 
in  the  Tower  of  London ;  she  pasaetli  under  the  character 

■00,  whom  she  openly  declareth  lo  bee  hie ;  and  it  ie 
gcDcrally  beleeved.  tlie  Boy  beine  verv  like  him,  and 
both  the  Mother  and  Child  provided  for  bv  him.  When 
she  was  apprehended,  alie  had  one  Master  "Howard  in  her 
company,  and  the  oiiKinal  of  this  Royal  Transcript  was 
found  about  her.  sealed  with  Charles  Ilia  Si^cnet  and 
aigoed  with  his  own  hand,  and  subscribed  by  his  secre- 
tarv  Sicholas,  which  you  have  here  transcribed  nerfcafim  : 
'  ■■  Charles  R. 

"Wee  do  by  these  presents  of  Our  especial  grace  give 
and  grant  unto  M"  Lucy  Barlow,  an  Annuity  or  yearly 
Pension  of  Five  thousand  Livres,  to  be  paid  to  her  or 
her  Assignes  in  the  City  of  Antwerp,  or  in  such  other 
convenient  place,  as  she  siiall  deaire,  nt  four  several  pay- 
menta  bv  equal  portions,  the  llret  payment  to  liegin  from 
the  first  of  July,  165J,  and  so  to  continue  from  three 
months  to  three  months  during  bet  life;  with  assurance 
to  better  the  same,  when  it  shall  please  Goil  to  restore  us 
to  our  Kingdoms :  Given  under  our  Sign  Manuel,  at  our 
Court  at  Collogn  this  21  day  of  January,  lCa5,  and  in 
the  slstb  year  of  our  Reign. 

"  By  his  Majesties  command, 

"  Edwakd  Nicholas. 
"  By  this  those 
an  furnished  alreai 

Eious  cliaritable  I'rincc  they  have  ror  tneir  Master,  anu 
ow  well  he  disposelh  of  the  Collections  which  they  make 
for  him  here,  towards  the  maintenance  of  his  Concubines 
and  Royal  Issue.  Order  is  taken  forthwith  lo  send  away 
bialady  of  Pleasure  and  the  younj;  Heir,  and  set  them  on 
Shear  in  Flanders,  which  is  no  ordinary  curtesie." — 
a  I-oliliaa,  July  10.17,  l(Jo6. 

K.  P.  D.  E. 


An  Irish  Akec dote.  —  Some  threescore  and 
ten  years  ago,  when  "  Monk  "  Iiewis'b  seasational 
romance  was  in  universal  request,  a  Mrs.  Lord, 
wbo  kept  a  circulating  library  m  Dublin,  enriched 
it  with  sulEdent  copies  for  her  customers  old  and 
young,  in  the  which  latter  class  I  must  own 
myself  included,  A  highly  correct  paterfamiUat 
having  reproved  her  for  imperilling  the  morality 
of  the  metropolia  by  admitting  such  a  book  into 
her  catalogue,  ahe  naively  repSed :  "A  shocking 
bod  book,  to  be  sure,  air;  but  I  have  caiefulW 
looked  through  every  copv,  and  undertcored  aU 
the  naughty  passages,  and  cautioned  my  young 
ladies  what  they  are  to  skip  without  rea£ng  it," 
E.L.S. 
EpiTAPn  ON-  iN  Architkct.  —  On  a  monument 
in  Walton  church  [the  original  parish  of  Liver- 
pooll  is  the  following  epigram  epitaph  on  an 
arcliLtect,  A.  H.  H,  d.  1868  :  — 

"Thy  mortal  tenement,  immortal  germ, 
Hath  sunk  lo  dust,  while  all  thy  worlcs  Mand  firm. 
0  may'st  than  at  the  rising  of  the  just 
Thyselfeland  firm,  when  dl  tby  worka  are  dnst"* 

J.  W.  H. 

"  Thb  Peodibal  Son,"  an  Oeatobio, — Mr. 
Arthur  S.  Sullivan,  the  composer,  in  the  preface 
to  the  published  vocal  score  of  his  oratorio,  Tht 
Frodigal  Son,  performed  for  the  fiiet  time  at  the 
Worcester  Musical  Festival  on  September  8, 
1609.  says: — "It  is  a  remarkable  fact  that  the 
Parable  of  the  Prodigal  Son  should  never  befora 
have  been  chosen  as  the  text  of  a  sacred  musical 
composition."  Mr.  Sidlivan  is  evidentiy  unaware 
of  the  fact  of  The  Prodigal  Son  having  formed  tie 
subject  of  on  oratorio  written  by  Thomas  Hull, 
the  actor,  and  set  to  music  by  Mr.  (afterwards 
Dr.)  Samuel  Arnold,  which  was  produced,  with 
great  success,  at  Covent  Garden  Theatre  in  1773, 
and  was  performed  in  the  same  year  at  Oxford  at 
the  installation  of  Lord  North  as  Chancellor  of 
the  University.  This  composition  was  so  much 
admired  that  the  University  offered  to  confer  on 
the  composer  an  honorary  degree,  which  he,  how- 
ever, declined  to  accept,  preferring  to  lake  his 
musical  degrees  in  the  regular  course ;  and  when, 
accordingly,  on  July  6,  177S,  he  accumulated  the 
degrees  of  liachelor  and  Doctor  in  Music,  the 
exercise  which  he  composed  for  the  occamon  WM 
returned  to  him  by  Dr.  William  Hayes,  then 
Prufcssor  of  Music  in  the  University,  imopeued, 
with  the  remark  that  it  was  unnecessary  for  him 
to  examine  the  exercise  of  the  composer  of  The 
Prodigal  Son.  Notwithstanding  this  celebrity  of 
the  work  in  the  day  of  its  production,  it  has  long 
since  so  completely  disappeared  that  in  the  course 
of  thirty-five  years'  experience,  during  which  my 
attention  has  been  particularly  directed  to  oratorio 


«.  k  cri 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[4aB.IT.  Ocr.2,-e9. 


3'  liYi 


music,  I  do  not  remember  haviiig  seen  either  a 
book  of  the  words  or  a  ecore  of  the  music  of  it. 
W.  H.  Husk. 

Residebces  ibLossob;  Cb^kqb  of  Fasbiok- 
ABLB  Rmidekcbb, — 

"  Within  the  memoiy  of  many  now  livinc,  the  drcle 
of  the  people  of  fucinition  [i.e.  fashion]  included  tho 
whole  parish  of  Coveiit  Garden,  and  greater  part  ofSC 
Gilea'B- in-lhe-Field.1 ;  bat  hcie  the  enemy  broke  in,  and 
the  oimle  WM  presently  contracted  to  Leicester  Kelds  and 
G<iden  Stiuare.  Hence  the  people  of  faehion  a|;ain  re- 
treated before  the  foe  to  BanoTer  Square ;  whence  they 
were  once  more  driven  to  Groaveoor  Square,  and  even 
beyond  it,  aad  that  with  such  predpitation,  that,  had  they 
Dot  been  stopped  bv  the  walhi  of  Hyde  Park,  it  is  more 
than  probable  Ihey' would  by  thia  time  have  arrived  at 
Kenaington." — FieldiuR,  in  contiibutions  to  The  Ci/vaU 
GardmJoamaL  'Sa.  37. 

"W.  P. 

Scott:  Hood. — I  have  lately  perused  with 
Kreat  plenaure  The  Aatimianiif  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
aiid  I  h,iv6  discovered  that  Tom  Hood  borrowed 
on  idea  from  that  most  admirable  of  norele,  Tide 
ch.li.:  — 

"  It's  no  fiah  ye're  buying,  it's  men's  lives," 

qaoth  Maggie  Miicklebackit  to  Jonathan  Oldbuck 
of  Monkbaras. 

Whilst,  in  the  "  Song  of  the  Shirt,"  this  eiqui- 

u  are  wearing  out ;  bnt  buman  crea- 
J,  Q. 

Nors.  —  Thia  word  is  or  was  a  few  years 
wo  a  common  slang  expression  alike  among 
Cantnbfl  and  cabmen.  It  originated,  I  believe, 
with  the  former.  The  earliest  instance  of  it  that 
I  have  met  with  is  in  Richard  Polwhele's  Old  1 
BngUA  Gentleman — a  poem  published  in  1707.  I 
It  could  not  have  been  then  well  known,  as  the 
author  prints  it  in  Greek  cbamcters  r  — 

"  A-i  Harriet  read,  the  hnight  revolv'd 
Kach  clotlf  enigma  which  he  rarely  mlv'd  ; 
Or,  turning  to  the  nigns  with  keener  rait, 
Foretold  the  future  fortunes  of  bia  house." — (p.  87.) 

CORNUB,      I 

Swi^DLBBS.  —  I  think  the  following  cutting  | 
&om  The  Timet  ought  to  be  preserved  in 
"N.  &  Q."  John  Chubchill  Sikes.     I 

Kensington. 

"  To  the  Kdilor  a/lbe  Times. 

••  Sir,— The  term  siKuU/er,  used  bv  the  Roman  Catho-  | 
lies  of  Ireland  to  describe  Protestants,  which  Cardinal 
Cnllen  bas,  in  violation  of  taste  and  feeling,  introduced  I 
into  bia  recent  rescript,  had  this  origin  :  —  | 

'Jt  happeneil  that  Cennick,  preaching  on  Christmas- 
day,  took  for  hi4  text  these  words  from  St.  Lake's  Gospel : 
"  And  this  sbnll  be  a  nlgn  unto  you ;  ye  shall  find  the  ' 
Babe  wrapped  in  swaddling  clothes  lying  in  a  manger."  1 
A  Catholic  who  was  present,  and  to  whom  the  language 
of  Scripture  was  a  novelty,  thought  this  so  ludicrous  that 
he  called  the  preacher  a  awaddler  in  derision,  and  thii 
nnmeaning  word  became  the  nickname  of  the  Metbodistt^  I 


t  opprobrious  appellation.' 


and  had  all  the  effect  of  the  mo: 
Soothey's  Lift  of  OTedeg,  iL  li 

"  I  am,  Sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

"E.  8. 

"  Winchester,  Sept.  9." 

Visitor's  Masik. — "See  that  you  wear  not 
out  your  welcome."  Thia  is  an  elt^ant  rendering 
of  the  vulger  saying  that  "  Fiah  and  company 
stink  in  three  days."  M.  D. 


A  PICTDRE  QUERY. 
I  have  for  some  years  had  in  my 


8  ezdtad 


antiquaries  from  the  fuct  that  no  one  has  yet 
been  able  to  interpret  the  subject  The  paint- 
ing itself  is  of  undoubted  merit,  .probably  tho 
work  of  a  Venetian  artist  of  the  sixteenth  rantuiy, 
the  costumes  and  accessories  bearing  the  chniac- 
teristics  of  that  period.  The  centre  figure  ia* 
man  (apparently  a  nobleman)  reclining  on  the 
ground,  liolding  in  his  right  hand  a  pistol  of  the 
age,  straight  stock,  with  flint-lock,  so.,  which  is 
pointed  to  an  object  below  him,  but  not  seen  in 
the  picture;  in  his  left  hand  he  holda  a  rodra^ 
the  stick  reaching  tlie  ^und ;  between  the  fingan 
of  the  same  hand  is  ahghtedfuse.  Hisdresa  con- 
sists of  Venetian  red  tights  or  long  hose,  doublet 
yellow,  with  full  sleeves  slashed  with  white, 
and  slashed  red  velvet  cap,  with  ostrich  feather. 
His  whole  attitude  and  expresuntt  is  that  of  in- 
tense determination  nud  terror.  Several  pieces  of 
armour  lie  at  hie  feet,  and  he  wears  a  dirk  or  Bmnll 
sword.  By  his  side  on  the  grouud,  resting  on  her 
right  hand,  is  a  lady ;  the  lower  half  of  her  figure 
is  covered  by  a  very  richly  embroidered  cloth  of 
senrlct  and  gold ;  her  boaice  is  of  green  -velre^ 
sleeves  of  light  loose  drapery,  with  a  jewelled 
stomacher;  h  wreath  of  leaves  encircles  her  head ; 
her  left  hand  is  put  forward  open,  and  appean 

Srepared  to  resist  some  object;  fear  and  pity  are 
epicted  on  her  countenance.  Behiud  these  figure! 
stands   a    negrees   or  half-caste   female,   with   ft 

{'swelled  brow,  holding  on  one  finger  a  bird  of  the 
lawk  species ;  she  appean  very  Joyful,  and  is  ap- 
parently singing  or  shouting.  To  the  left  of  tne 
picture  is  a  colossal  river  god  holding  a  vim 
under  his  arm,  from  which  a  stream  of  wftter 
flows,  falling  on  a  fish  of  a  red  colour  and  of  tlie 
trout  kind ;  a  crayfish,  shells,  and  other  amall 
marine  objects  £11  up  that  side  of  the  painting. 
The  right  nand  is  made  up  of  a  young  satyr  hold- 
ing in  his  arms  a  bird  like  a  goose ;  two  yoimg  ludl, 
with  mushrooms,  figs,  pomegranatea,  and  othor 
fruit,  are  at  his  feet  A  landscape  forma  the  bM^^ 
ground.    Beside  and  behind  the  young  satyr  ue 


i*  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


273 


pieces  of  statuary^  armour^  chased   goblet  and  j 
cover,  &c. 

Will  you  or  any  of  your  readers  kindly  suggest 
an  interpretation  ?  The  picture  is  in  the  City,  and 
I  shall  be  most  happy  to  show  it  to  any  one  desir- 
ous of  seeing  it.  R.  W.  Alldridge. 

8,  Old  Jewry. 

ANCIENT  PROPHECIES. 

Can  any  of  your  readers  explain  the  intent  or 
meaning  of  the  following  enigmatical  lines  ?  They 
are  without  date,  but  from  the  character  of  the 
penmanship  and  quality  and  condition  of  paper 
evidently  "  early  in  the  seventeenth  century." 
The  paper  is  endorsed  "Duoe  Prophetise." 

F.  W.  C. 

Clapham  Park,  S.W. 

Of  the  Prior  of  Barton  (or  Burton)  Abbey  in  Yorkshire, 

"When  y*  eight  letter  of  the  Christ-crosae  row  eight 
tymes  is  past, 

And  every  one  at  liberty  to  reason  as  he  will, 
Then  the  church  without  sacrifyce  rix  yeares  shall  last, 

Untill  the  follower  Gods  lawes  doe  fulfill. 
Bat  then,  alas  !  scone  after  it  shall  decay 

from  the  space  of  one  lustre  as  stories  doe  say. 
Then  markc  the  daycs  of  the  next  revolution,' 

And  take  them  as  they  lye  to  view  ; 
Take  M  onely  with  his  signification. 

And  twice  two  CC  w<^^  is  very  true, 
And  from  that  day  sure  it  is  to  say, 
The  sacrifyce  shall  last  for  ever  ud  a  daye.* 

"The  M  and  4  CCCC  make  1400  Monthes,  w^h  make 
116  Yeares  and  8  Monthes,  of  W^**  the  late  Queene  writte 
45  Eng.  James,  and  so  y*  from  y*^  yeare  wherein  James 
dyed,  v/^^  was  lfi25,  there  wanted  49  Yeares  and  8 
Monthes  to  make  116  Years." 

In  the  same  handwriting  on  the  other  half  of 

the  sheet  of  paper : — 

♦*  In  the  yeare  of  our  Lord  1005  a  holy  man  in  Naples, 
called  father  Julius  Mansinelli,  of  y«  societie  of  Jesos, 
being  requested  by  a  father  of  y<^  same  society  to  pray  to 
God  to  reveile  unto  him  what  shall  become  of  England 
in  this  great  persecution,  answered  y*  bee  had  prayed  for 
y*  countrie  now  30  yeares  ;  and  y*  also  now  hee  woald 
pray  to  God  to  reveile  unto  him  whether  it  were  his  will 
or  no  y*  hee  should  demaund  y*  of  him  (for  he  durst  not 
absolutely  demaund  y*  God  wold  reveile  it  unto  him), 
w«*»  promisse  whiles  *  hee  was  a  performing  there  ap- 
peared unto  him  his  Angell-keeper  all  in  whyte,  and  bad 
him  marke  w*  should  bee  represented  unto  him.  And 
straight  hee  beheld  a  countrie  beaten  on  all  sydes  w*"* 
all  manner  of  tempests  of  thunder,  lightning,  haile, 
raine,  wind,  and  earthquakes,  in  soe  fearful!  a  sorte  as 
hee  saw  the  poorc  inhabitants  running  from  place  to 
place  to  hyde  themselves  in  holes  and  dennes,  and  could 
find  no  defence  or  refuge  att  all.  At  lengtli  hee  saw 
them  ioyne  togeather  in  prayer,  and  falling  flatte  on  there 
faces  upon  y^  ground  to  crye  with  a  lowd  voyce  to  God 
for  mercie,  and  presently  hee  heard  this  voyce  comming 
from  heaven  to  them.    This  tempest  hath  beene  sent 

[•  This  "very  ancient  prophesie"  is  printed,  with 
variations,  in  Mercurius  PropheticttSy  4to,  1643,  page  11, 
where  the  last  two  lines  read  as  follows  : — 
"  And  from  that  dav,  as  stories  do  say. 
The  sacrifice  shall  last  for  ever  and  aye," — Ed.] 


upon  yoa  not  so  much  for  your  owne  sins  as  for  the 
smnes  of  your  King  and  Counsel,  but  I  will  have  mercy 
on  yoa  and  raise  yoa  higher  then  ever  you  have  beene 
heretofore,  and  by  your  meanes  and  my  miraculous  con- 
curse  you  shall  obtaine  wonderfull  victories  against 
Turkes,  heathens,  Pannims.  And  as  hei^tofore  the 
sanctuar}'  of  the  world  was  first  in  Jemsalem  and  is  now 
in  Rome,  so  the  day  shall  come  that  it  will  be  in  your 
countrie,  and  all  nations  round  about  you  shall  come  and 
congratulate  with  yoa  the  happie  victorie  over  all  your 
harmes.  And  all  this  shall  bee  granted  unto  you  by  y^ 
sufferings  and  pravers  of  the  saintes  of  your  own  Coun- 
trie— when  this  shall  come  to  passe  was  not  revealed 
unto  him.** 

And  in  another  hand  of  the  same  period,  but  in 
Spanish : — 

"  Father  Baltassar  Mas,  who  in  1630  was  preacher  in 
Granada  and  passed  from  thence  to  Rome  on  his  way  to 
the  Indies,  related  to  Father  Martin  Alberro  a  revela- 
tion  made  to  him  : — '  I  saw  a  land  swallowed  by  the  sea 
and  covered  with  water,  but  afterwards  I  saw  Uiat,  little: 
by  little,  the  sea  retreated  and  left  the  land  visible,  and 
the  upper  parts  of  the  towers  and  the  turrets  of  the  citiee 
rose  and  appeared  more  beautiful  than  before  being  swal- 
lowed by  the  sea,  and  it  was  told  me  that  that  was  Eng- 
land.'" 

Anonymous. — Who  are  the  authors  of  (1)  The 
Weight  of  a  Croxon,  a  tragedy  by  Feraffus,  1852 ; 
(2)  Louis  XIII.,  a  tragedy  in  five  acts,  by  Eaglet,. 
1852,  Lacy,  London  ?  R.  Inglis. 

Author  wanted. — 

**  The  New  Year's  Gift,  complete  in  Six  Parts ;  com- 
posed of  Meditations  and  Prayers  for  every  Day  in  the 
Week,  with  Devotions  for  the  Sacrament,  Lent,  and 
other  Occasions.  London  :  printed  by  J.  Heptinstall  for 
Henry  Mortlock,  at  the  Phoenix  in  St.  Paul's  Church- 
yard. 1704." 

I  should  be  glad  to  be  informed  of  the  author- 
ship of  the  above,  which  is  in  12mo. 

W.  H.  S. 

Scottish  Ballad. — Can  any  of  your  contri- 
butors furnish  a  complete  copy,  or  tell  where  a 
complete  copy  can  be  found,  of  a  Lowland  Scotch 
ballad  or  poem  to  the  following  effect :  in  fact,  a 
dialogue  or  altercation  between  the  owner  of  a 
flock  of  sheep  and  the  fox,  in  the  ballad  called 
"  Gossip  Lowry  "  (Tod  Lowrv  being  the  ordinary 
name  oi  the  fox)  P  I  forget  the  shepherd's  name, 
but  — 

"  He  met  with  Gossip  Lowry, 
And  bade  him  be  discreet, 
He  bade  him  be  discreet, 
And  spare  his  flock  awhile. 
And  he  should  a  fat  wether. 
The  best  that  he  could  wile." 

In  the  language  of  the  country  the  word  discreet 

means  civil^  and  the  word    wile  means  select, 

choose. 

**  But  if  he  would  not  be  discreet, 
And  let  his  hoggies  be  "  — 

that  is,  let  his  sheep  alone — then  the  shepherd 
intimated  that  he  had  a  ^'  gallant  grew  bich" ; 


274 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


t**  8.  IV.  Oot.  2,  -M. 


JicA,  pronounced  bick,  being  a  euphuiam  for  the 
EagUsh  name  of  u  aha  dog,  greio  bich  meimmg  in 
fact  a  she  greyhound ;  and  also  that  he  had  a  gun. 
Oosaip  I^vny,  however,  declines  the  compro- 
mise, meets  the  propoBal  with  a  Bcamful  defiance, 
and  announces  hui  resourcBB  for  safety :  — 
"  I  havs  tbe  wood  of  GUatanner, 
It  is  bath  braid  and  bug, 
Besideithe  bmh  of  Kinjrchyla 
To  keep  me  fr»e  all  wring." 

The  buBh  of  Einycbyle,  it  will  be  understood, 
naa  a  bush  of  broom  growing  immediatelj  under 
the  brow  of  a  steep  precipice.  When  pursued  the 
fox  jumped  over  the  precipice,  but  caught  hold 
of  and  remained  auspended  b;  the  bush  of  broom; 


while  his 


a  following  him,  but  uot  i 


qnunted  with  tbe  bush,  fell  to  the  ground,  and 
vera  dashed  to  pieces.  After  boasting  of  thass 
his  means  of  safety,  the  fox  tells  the  shepherd  — 
"  Go  bome  and  hang  ^our  grew  bicb, 
Put  sowens  in  your  gon." 
Sowent,  it  will  be  understood,  is  an  edible  moss 
rather  popular  in  the  country,  but  wholly  deati 
tute  of  any  explosiTe  q  ualities. 

A  complete  copy  of  this  balled,  if  to  be  me 
-with,  would  perhaps  not  be  thought  unworthy  of 
a  place  in  "  N.  &  Q."  J.  H.  C. 

"John  Barlbtcobk."  —  I  should  feel  much 
obliged  to  any  of  your  correspondents  who  could 
favour  me  with  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  the 
meaning  of  the  first  two  lines  of  Bums's  version 
of  the  ballad  of  "  John  Barleycorn  "  — 

"  There  were  tbree  kin;^  into  the  East, 
Three  kiaga  both  great  and  high." 

In  Jamieson's  collection  of  the  original  "John 
Barleycorn  "  ballads  there  are  several  versions 
pven  (both  Scotch  and  English)  all  bearing  more 
or  less  reaemblance  to  Bums's  version,  but  none 
having  the  first  two  lines  the  same.  Burns  seems 
to  have  had  no  precedent  for  introdudng  the 
"  three  kmga  "  bto  the  ballad.  A.  McC. 

Greenock. 

BcRKnAV  Beeches, — I  have  heard  it  asserted 
that  these  famous  trees  were  pollarded  in  the  time 
of  Cnut.  On  what  authority  is  this  statement 
based  P  Jahes  Britten. 

PoRTRAira  OF  Burns. — In  the  Life  and  Worki 
of  Robert  Burns,  edited  by  Hohert  Chambers, 
4  vols.  13mo  (Edinburgh,  1852),  Bums,  after 
thanking  his  friend  Thomson  for  the  present  of  a 
sketch  by  Allan,  from  "  The  Cottar  s  Saturday 
Night,"  into  which  Burns'  own  portrait  had  been 
introduced,  writes  as  follows  (iv.  lO,*!) :  — 

•^  Several  people  think  that  Allan's  likencM  of  me  Is 
more  striking  than  Naamylii's,  for  whicli  I  sat  to  him 
halr-a-dozcn  times.  However,  there  is  an  artist  of  con- 
siderable merit  just  now  in  this  town,  who  has  bit  the 
moat  remarkable  likeness  of  what  I  am  at  thin  moment 
(May  1796)  Chat,!  think,  wu  ever  taken  of  anj-bodf.  It 
taaamall  miniature  I  and  u  it  will  be  in  your  town  getting 


itself  be-ciystallized.  &c,  1  have  some  thongbts  of  sag- 
gesting  ta  you  to  prefix  a  vignette  taken  train  it  to  my 
Bong,  'Contented  wl'  Little  and  Canty  wi'  Mair,'  In 
order  (lie)  the  portrait  of  my  face  and  the  picture  of  my 
mind  may  go  down  the  stream  of  time  togettur." 

A  silhouette  by  Miers  is  noticed,  iL  168. 

My  queries  are :  —  1.  How  many  authenlic 
portraits  of  Bums  are  now  in  existence,  and  io 
whose  possession  F  3.  Is  anything  more  known 
of  the  "  small  miniature  "  above  referred  to,  and 
has  it  been  engraved?  Is  it  the  portrait  men- 
tioned at  p.  233  of  the  same  fourth  volume  (but 
omitted  in  the  excellent  General  Index,  i.  v. 
"  Portraits"),  as  "painted  by  a  Mr.  Taylor,  and 
of  which  an  engraving  was  pubhsbed  by  Messrs. 
Constable  &  Co.  a  few  years  ago  "  P 

EswABD  RiasAU. 

Bayawster. 

HsNKT  SG  Elretoh. — The  architect  of  Canur- 
roD,  Conway,  and  Beaumaris  castles  was  Henty 
de  Klreton.  Elreton  was  of  on  ancient  family 
seated  from  the  time  of  the  Conquaat  near  tin 
river  Swale,  in  Richmondshire.  He  was  a  conrtiw 
and  favourite  of  Edward  I.,  who  sent  him  to 
Syria  to  perfect  himself  in  the  art  of  building 
fortresses.  After  his  return  to  his  native  land  he 
received  the  sovereign  command  to  construct  the 
above-mentioned  castles.  Can  any  of  your  corre- 
spondents state  what  became  of  hu  descendants  F 
ILD.K 

Fabtigiitu. — I  saw  tbe  other  day  an  old  stone 
hip-knob  set  up  on  a  grass-plot,  with  the  follow- 
ing inecriptioo :  — 

"  Fui  fastigium. 

If  this  means,  as  I  suppose  it  was  intended  to 
do,  "a  relic,"  1  would  ask  whether  there  is  any 
good  authority  for  such  a  use  of  this  word  ? 

C.  W.  BmaoAM. 

GARSEHiNa  Book.  —  I  remember  seeing  many 
years  ago  a  folio  volume,  in  the  Dutch  language 
I  think,  but  of  that  I  am  by  no  means  certain, 
giving  directions  as  to  the  manner  of  laying  out 

Sardens  and  clipping  fences  of  yew,  holly,  and 
ombeam^  into  those  fantastic  shapes  which  wen 
admired  in  the  seventeenth  century.  It  was 
illustrated  with  a  profusion  of  good  and  curious 
engravings.  Can  any  one,  from  Uiis  ve^  shadowy 
description,  tell  me  what  is  the  title  of  the  book 
I  saw  F  CoRFUB. 

PRONtTKCIATION  OP  THE  WoEOT  "  HabE  "  ATTD 

"Hair." — In  that  one  of  Charles  Lamb's  essays 
on  "Popular  Fallacies"  in  which  he  discourses 
upon  the  error  "  that  the  worst  puns  are  the  best," 
the  case  is  cited  of  a  porter  who,  carrying  a  haie 
through  the  street,  is  accosted  by  a  wit  with  the 
quesbon  "  Prithee,  friend,  is  that  thine  own  hair 
or  a  wig  F  "  And  Lamb  commenting  upon  the 
quibble  says :  "  It  is  only  a  new  term  givea  hg  a 


4*»»  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


276 


Utile  false  pronunciation  to  a  very  common  though 
not  very  courteous  inquiry." 

My  query  is,  was  there  in  LamVs  time  any 
noticeable  aifFerence  in  the  pronunciation  of  the 
words  hare  and  hair  ?  There  is,  I  think,  none  now 
either  in  Dublin  or  in  London,  but  perhaps  traces  of 
such  a  distinction  may  linger  in  the  provinces.  Does 
any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  know  if  this  be  the 
case  ?  Harry  Napier  Draper. 

Dublin. 

The  Khedive.  —  This  title,  by  which  Ismail 
Pacha  is  now  generally  known  to  foreign  corre- 
spondents, seem  to  my  ear  quite  new.  It  may 
perhaps  be  as  acceptable  to  many  others  as  to 
myself  to  be  better  informed  as  to  its  origin  and 
meaning.  Is  it  another  term  for  Viceroy  or  for 
any  kind  of  delegated  or  partial  sovereignty?  A 
kind  reply  from  some  Levantine  correspondent 
would  enlighten  the  ignorance  of  J.  A.  G. 

Carisbrooke. 

Latin  Hymns. — Are  the  hymns  of  York,  be- 
ginning as  follows,  to  be  found  in  print? — 

"  DE   8.   WILFRIDO. 

.    "  Salvatoris  clementiaj 
Dulce  pangat  harmoniaj 
Modiim  ccclesia." 

"  DE   S.   JOHAX.  BEVERL. 

"  Gaude,  mater  ecclesia, 
In  liliorum  gloria." 

"  DE   S.   WILLMO. 

1.  Regi  Christo  applaudat  ecclesia. 

2.  Plaudat  chorus,  pleb3  laitetur. 

3.  Pasti  greges  de  pastore 
Discant  auro,  dicant  ore. 

4.  Lictus  noster  societur. 

5.  morbos  levit  olei  lavatio, 

Quod  a  tuniba  sancti  manat  visus  testimonio.*' 

I  should  like  also  to  know  whether  they  all 
occur  in  the  MS.  York  books  ?  I  find  them  in  a 
curious  MS.  on  paper  (fifteenth  century)  of  the 
York  Hymnal;  probably  for  monastic  school  use, 
as  there  are  childish  scribblings  about  it. 

J.  0.  J . 

Napoleon  I.  —  Can  any  one  inform  me  where 
and  when  it  was  that  Napoleon  I.  on  observing 
no  smoke  issuing  from  the  chimneys  of  a  certain 
place  entered  it,  and  found,  according  to  his  anti- 
cipations, that  the  inhabitants  had  evacuated  it  ? 

John  Davis. 

1,  Percy  Villas,  Mostyn  Road,  Brixton. 

Henry  St.  John. — I  want  to  know  the  details 
of  a  duel  fought  in  1085  (36  Charles  II.)  between 
Henry  St.  .John  of  Battersea,  father  of  the  great 
Lord  Bolingbroke,  and  a  Gloucestershire  gentle- 
man named  Escott,  whom  he  slew.  It  was  in 
fact  an  atrocious  homicide,  since  two  principals 
stood  their  trial  for  killing  this  one  man.  There 
were  more  than  three  combatants,  notwithstanding 
Burnet's  statement,  and  two  men  were  left  dead. 


All  those  concerned  surrendered  except  one^  and 
they  paid  a  very  large  sum  for  a  very  long  re- 
prieve, after  condemnation,  though  they  had 
pleaded  guilty.  The  fourth  man,  whom  tradition 
says  was  a  Paston,  fled  beyond  sea,  being  a  younger 
son  and  unable  to  fee  the  king  and  his ''great 
ladies  "  as  the  others  did.  This  man  changed  his 
name,  and  brought  up  a  family  under  the  a/ta«. 
I  want  to  see  the  report  of  the  coroner's  inquest 
and  that  of  the  trial,  which  would  reveal  the 
names  of  all  concerned,  which  I  am  anxious 
about. 

The  whole  party  were  at  a  "  p'eat  public  sup- 
per "  at  a  tavern,  and  one  refusmg  a  nealth,  St. 
John  drew  his  rapier,  and  sallied  out  into  the 
street,  where  they  all  fought  in  a  meUe. 

I  will  mention  that  I  know  all  that  Burnet, 
Evelyn,  and  the  author  of  the  History  of  Surrey 
tell.  The  last  knew  nothing  of  himself,  but  copied 
the  other  two.  G.  A.  II. 

William  Shakespeare.  —  In  the  annals  of 
Portsmouth  I  find  the  name  of  William  Shake- 
speare, in  1662,  as  contractor  for  constructing  the 
old  Gun  Wharf;  and  an  ancient  publichouse  in 
Bishop  Street,  Portsea,  still  called  the  "  Shake- 
speare's Head,"  is  traditionally  supposed  to  have 
been  the  house  where  the  workmen  employed  by 
him  received  their  payments.  Is  there  anything 
known  of  this  Shakespeare,  or  was  he  connected 
in  any  way  with  the  family  of  the  illustrious 
"  William  '^  of  Stratford-on-Avon  ?       H.  Hall. 

Portsmouth. 

Stone  Altar.  —  In  the  vicarage  garden  of 
Stone  in  the  Isle  of  Oxney,  Kent,  stood  in  1846, 
when  I  was  curate  of  the  parish,  and  is,  I  believe, 
still  standing,  an  ancient  stone  altar,  to  my  mind 
undoubtedly  Roman.  Within  the  memory  of 
some  of  the  older  inhabitants  it  had  been  twice 
removed  —  first,  from  the  bottom  of  the  village, 
near  the  ferry  over  the  river  Rother,  to  9ie 
south  transept  of  the  church,  from  thence  to  the 
vicarage  garaen,  its  present  resting-place.  Hasted 
gives  a  drawing  of  it  in  his  History  of  Kentj  with 
the  following  description,  somewhat  meagre,  but^ 
as  far  as  it  goes,  correct : — 

**  This*  altar,  the  figure  of  which  is  here  annexed,  was 
removed  from  the  church,  and  made  a  horse-block  of,  by 
which  means  it  was  much  defaced  and  cracked  asunder ; 
but  the  late  Mr.  Gostling  (obiit  March  9,  1777),  who  was 
too  great  a  lover  of  the  remains  of  antiquity  to  suffer  it 
to  continue  in  this  perishing  state,  had  it  repaired,  and 
placed  it  upright  in  the  fence  (?)  of  his  vicarage  garden, 
where  it  still  remains. 

"  It  does  not  appear  to  have  had  any  inscription  ox, 
letters  on  it,  but  has  an  ox  in  relief  on  each  of  the  four 
sides  of  it.  The  basin  or  hollow  at  top  retains  a  black- 
ness, as  if  burnt  by  the  fire,  occasioned  by  the  sacrifices 
made  on  it." 

The  dimensions  given  by  Hasted  are,  length  of 
plinth  2  feet,  breadth  I  foot  10  inches,  height  of 
whole  from  top  to  bottom  3  feet  4  inches. 


276 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 

t 


[4*  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69. 


I  do  not  know  whether  this  interesting  relic 
has  heen  noticed  in  the  publications  of  the  Kent 
4Jch£Bological  Society;  if  not,  it  well  deserves 
such  notice.  I  shall  be  truly  obliged  to  any  one 
who,  through  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  can  |tell 
me  more  about  it;  also,  the  derivation  of  the 
name  Oxney.  Hasted  mentions  two  conjectures, 
neither  of  which,  I  think,  will  do.  It  "  is  sup- 
posed,'' he  says,  '^  by  some  to  take  its  name  from 
its  foul  and  miry  situation  (a  fact  never  discovered 
by  me),  whilst  others  suppose  it  took  its  name 
from  the  large  number  of  oxen  fed  in  it." 

EDMUNftTBW,  M.A. 
Patchuig  Rectory,  ArundeL 

An  Unacknowledged  Poem  of  Tennyson. — 
The  publisher  of  Good  Words  announced  in  his 
programme  for  1868  a  series  of  illustrated  poems 
by  the  Laureate.  A  poem  accordingly,  with  the 
well-known  name  to  it,  appeared  in  the  January 
part,  and  another  in  the  March  part  But  in  the 
February  part  there  was  a  poem  entitled  "  Birds 
of  Passage,''  and  signed  simply  ^'T."  It  has 
always  seemed  to  me  to  be  Tennyson's ;  but  it 
appears  to  have  entirely  escaped  such  public 
notice  as  any  known  production  of  the  Laureate's 

?en  is  sure  to  attract.    Does  the  "T."  indicate 
'ennvson  in  this  case  P  D.  Bl^ob. 

Melbourne. 

Tboutbeck  Family. — I  shall  be  much  obliged 
to  any  of  your  readers  who  can  inform  me  who 
were  the  parents  of  Robert  Troutbeck,  of  Tnifford 
Bridge,  in  the  county  of  Chester,  whose  daughter 
and  co-heir  Mary  married  my  ancestor.  Sir  Ed- 
mund Denny,  Knt.,  one  of  the  barons  of  the  Court 
of  Exchequer  in  England  in  the  beginning  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  Also,  who  the  said  Robert 
Troutbeck  married.  Li  the  Troutbeck  pedigree 
in  Ormerod's  Cheshire  I  find  no  mention  of  the 
family  of  Trafibrd  Bridge. 

Mattricb  Denny  Day. 
Manchester. 

The  Undertaker's  Hammer. — During  the  re- 
cent hot  weather  I  travelled  to  London  in  one  of 
the  open  third-class  carriages  of  the  Croydon 
Railway  in  company  with  several  poor  but  de- 
cently dressed  people,  who  amused  tnemselves  at 
each  station  by  *^cnaffing"  the  guard.  It  seemed 
that  on  the  aown  journey  he  had  conveyed  an 
undertaker,  and  his  tormentors  kept  saying,  '^I 
say,  I  saw  that  undertaker  look  at  you ;  you  won't 
last  long."  This  went  on  with  variations  for 
some  little  time,  and  then  the  most  adventure- 
some of  the  party  called  out,  "  I  say,  I  saw  him 
shake  his  hammer  over  you ! "  This  was  unani- 
mously voted  "  too  bad,"  especially  by  the  female 
member  of  the  party,  and  the  feelinpr  seemed  to 
be  that  some  wrong  had  been  done.    Is  there  anv 

Eeculiar  folk-lore  sticking  to  the  "undertakers 
ammer  "  ?  W.  J.  Westbrook. 

Sydenham. 


Wind. — What  was  the  wine  called  by  this 

name  P    Elderberry  wine  is  suggested.     It  ia  not 

noticed  by  Johnson :  — 

^^  .  •  .  One  bottle  of  wind,  of  which  we  only  tasted  a 
single  glass,  though  possibly,  indeed,  our  servants  dnmk 
the  remainder  of  the  bottle  [which  was  charged  at  two 
shillings].  This  wind  is  a  liquor  of  English  manufactiire, 
and  its  flavour  is  thought  very  delicious  by  the  generality 
of  the  English,  who  drink  it  in  great  quantities.  Every 
seventh  ^ear  is  thought  to  produce  as  much  as  the  other 
six.  It  13  then  drank  so  plentifully  that  the  w^ole  nation 
are  in  a  manner  intoxicated  by  it;  and,  conseqaently, 
very  little  business  is  carried  on  at  that  season.  It  re- 
sembles in  colour  the  red  wine  which  is  imported  from 
Portugal,  as  it  doth  in  its  intoxicating  quality;  henoe, 
and  from  this  agreement  in  the  orthography,  the  one  is 
often  confounded  with  the  other,  though  both  are  seldom 
esteemed  by  the  same  person.  It  is  to  be  had  in  eY«iy 
parish  of  the  kingdom,  and  a  pretty  laige  quantity  u 
consumed  in  the  metropolis,  where  several  taverns  are  set 
apart  solely  for  the  vendition  of  this  liquor,  the  masters 
never  dealing  in  any  other.'* — Fielding,  A  Voyage  to 
Lisbon,  Julv  19, 1754 

w.  p. 

Poor  Law  Song. — What  are  the  lines  follow- 
ing those  given  below  ?  W.  P. 

*'  This  law  (an  Act  of  Parliament  which  was  puae(^ 
at  the  latter  end  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign)  gave 
a  new  turn  to  the  minds  of  the  mobiUty.  They  &uid 
themselves  no  longer  obliged  to  depend  on  the  charity  of 
their  neighbours,  nor  on  their  own  industry  for  a  main- 
tenance. They  now  looked  upon  themselves  as  joint 
proprietors  in  the  land,  and  celebrated  their  independenoy 
in  songs  of  triumph ;  witness  the  old  ballad  which  was  in 
all  their  mouths :  — 

**  Hang  sorrow,  cast  away  care ; 
The  parish  is  bound  to  find  us,"  &c. 

Fielding,  in  contributions  to  The  Cove»t 
Garden  Journal^  No.  49. 

W.P. 

[The  only  version  of  this  "  Poor  Law  Song  "  known  to 
us  is  the  one  quoted  in  "  N.  &  Q."  2»«»  S.  xii.  608,  from 
Playford's  Musical  Companion,  1673  (book  i.  p.  57),  where 
it  is  set  by  Mr.  Nelham,  for  four  voices,  to  the  following 
words :  — 

"  A  fig  for  care,  why  should  we  spare  ? 
The  parish  is  bound  to  find  us." 

Among  the  Roxburghe  Ballads  (i.  170)  is  one  entitled 
"  Joy  and  Sorrow  Mixt  Together,"  commencing  — 
"  Hang  sorrow,  let's  cast  awoy  care, 
For  now  I  do  mcane  to  be  merry ; 
We'll  drink  some  good  ale  and  strong  beer 
With  sugar,  and  claret,  and  sherry,"  &c.] 

"LiBELLUS    DE   MoDO  CONFITBITDI   BT    PbWI- 

TENBi." — ^As  you  have  on  previous  occasions  given 
me  valuable  information  with  respect  to  books,  I 
should  be  glad  to  hear  somewhat  about  the  fol- 
lowing little  book,  evidently  printed  in  the  fif- 
teenth century  in  black-letter.  It  commences  on 
S.  1 : — ''  Quicuim  fructuosus  libellus  de  modo  con- 
tendi  et  penitendi  Felidter  incipit."    The  little 


4*»«  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


277 


work  is  divided  into  two  parts,  of  which  the  first 
"  determinat  de  penitentia  prout  respicit  peni- 
tentem."  The  second  *^  determinat  de  pnia  prout 
respicit  confessorem."  The  first  part  in  my  copy 
is  evidently  perfect ;  the  second  pwi;,  commencing 
on  the  thirteenth  leaf  with  eight  hexameters,  has 
only  three  leaves,  ending  with  the  words  "Item 
existens  in  nefando  crimme."  Is  this  perfect  ?  I 
fancy  not.  Who  was  the  author?  and  where 
and  when  was  it  printed  ?  I  may  mention  that  I 
have  failed  to  discover  the  exact  water-mark  in 
Sotheby's  Typography  of  the  Fifteenth  Century. 

W.  H.  B. 

[This  work  was  printed  at  Antwerp  by  Gerard  Leeu 
in  1500,  and  consists  of  twenty-six  leaves.  On  the  first 
page  is  a  wood  engraving  of  a  priest  and  a  man  in  the 
confessional,  and  at  the  end  is  the  printer's  device,  re- 
presentiiijc;  the  gate  of  the  castle  of  Antwerp.  There  are 
other  editions,  1486  ;  Daventrie,  1491,  1492,  4to  ;  Paris, 
1496, 8  vo.] 

Jem  the  Penman. — In  an  account  of  a  trial 

at    the  Old  Bailey  the  other  day  appeared  the 

following :  — 

•*  He  (the  prisoner)  was  the  last  remaining  pupil  of 
the  most  mischievous  man  in  London — a  notorious  coiner 
who  was  known  under  the  sobriquet  of  Jem  the  Pen- 


man. 

What  is  known  of  this  individual  ? 

Julian  Sharman. 

[James  Townshend  Saward,  alias  Jem  the  Penman, 
appears  in  the  formal  style  of  the  Law  List  of  1857  as 
barrister-at-law  and  special  pleader  of  the  Inner  Temple 
and  the  Home  Circuit.  His  date  of  call  is  stated  to  have 
been  Xov.  28, 1840.  Jem  is  said  to  have  helped  the  great 
bnlUon  robbers  in  disposing  of  a  portion  of  their  plander; 
but  that  act  of  friendly  assistance  was  but  a  trifling  epi- 
sode in  his  truly  great  career.  At  last  he  was  convicted 
with  others  on  Ilklarch  5,  1857,  at  the  Central  Criminal 
Court,  of  extensive  forgery  of  bankers*  cheques,  and  sen- 
tenced to  be  transported  for  life.] 

Shakespeare.— Where  can  one  find  these  quo- 
tations from  Shakspeare  ?  — 

1.  "  And  God  befriend  us  as  our  cause  is  just." 

[1  i/enry/r.  Act  V.Scl.] 

2.  "  Men  should  be  what  they  seem." 

[OMe/fo,  Act  IlLSc.  3] 

3.  "  This  I  must  do,  or  know  not  what  to  do ; 

Yet  this  I  will  not  do,  do  how  I  can." 
[As  YoH  Like  It,  Act  IL  Sc.  3.] 

•1.  **  Let  none  presume  to  wear  an  undeserved  dignity.** 
\^Mtrch(mt  of  Venice,  Act  II.  Sc.  9.] 

5.  "  As  much  as  I  can  do  I  will  eflfect." 

\^Tw<)  Gentlemen  of  Verona,  Act  II.  Sc.  2.] 

Carl  von  Ercstbin. 

coin. 

Van  Lennep's  Taxes  in  English. — Can  any 
one  supply  me  with  a  list  of  such  of  the  tales  of 


the  late  Mr.  Van  Lennep,  the  Dutch  novelist^  as 
have  heen  translated  into  English  P  Some  of  them 
have  appeared  in  our  tongue,  but  I  can  get  no 
account  of  them.  Corntjb. 

[We  have  met  with  the  following:  (1.)  The  Rdse  of 
Dekama,  translated  by  F.  Woodley,  in  The  Library  of 
Foreign  Romance,  vol.  viii.  1846,  8vo.  (2.)  The  Adopted 
Son:  a  historical  novel,  translated  by  £.  W.  Hoskiny 
2  vols.,  New  YorJc,  1847,  8vo.] 

KiQGHTS  ten^,  Charles  L — Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  if  there  are  any  lists  (and 
where)  of  gentlemen  who  were  kxuffhted  in  the 
earlier  part  of  this  king's  reign,  witn  the  dates  ? 
Or  can  the  information  be  obtained  from  any 
documents  preserved  in  the  Record  Office  P 

E.H. 

[Our  correspondent  is  referred  to  T.  W.  (Walkley*s) 
**New  Cbia&i^iceof  the  Dukes,  Marquesses,  Earls,  Viscounts, 
Barons  of  England,  Sootland,  and  Ireland, -with  the  times 
of  their  Creation;  also,  the  Baronets,  with  the  Dates  of 
their  Patents ;  the  Knights  of  the  Bath,  Knights  Badie* 
lors,  with  the  Dates  and  Places  where  they  were  knighted. 
Whereanto  is  added  all  the  Honours  that  His  Higfanesse 
the  Lord  Protector  hath  bestowed  since  He  began  his 
Goviemment  to  this  present  €k>Uected  by  T*  W.  London, 
printed  for  Tho.  Walkley,  1668,"— or  in  the  volame  pri* 
vaeely  printed  by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  f^om  Harleian 
MSS.,  entitled  •*Catalogue  of  the  KmgktB  made  by  King 
Charlet  /.,  ab  anno  1624,  ad  annnm  1646.  Chronologically 
and  Alphabetically  arranged.  Typls  Medio-MontanJs 
Impressus  per  C.  B.  1853."] 

Schiller.  —  What  is  the  date  of  the  frd 
edition  of  Schiller's  "Song  of  the  Bell,"  and  of 
other  editions  ?  Qferist. 

[SchiUer'8"Song  of  the  BeU"  (^»ed  von  der  Glocke) 
appeared  in  1796.  Of  the  numerous  editions,  German 
and  English,  we  may  mention  those  of  1827 ;  1839,  by 
Wyttenbach ;  1842,  by  Arnold;  1846,  by  Meeson ;  1856, 
by  Merivale;  1857, 1859 ;  and  1865,  by  Sir  £.  B.  Lytton.] 

Richard  Eden.  —  I  shall  be  glad  of  any  par*^ 
ticulars  of  the  personal  history  of  this  early  trans* 
lator  of  geographical  works,  who  flourished  draa 
1563-1576.  E.  R. 

[There  is  an  excellent  account  of  Richard  Eden,  with 
references  to  other  works,  in  Cooper's  Athenm  Cantabri- 
gienseSf  IL  2-4.    Consult  also  Cole's  Athena  Canttxb.  ia 
Addit.   MSS.  5862,  Ac;   Brydges*s  Censura  JMeraria^ 
iv.  252 ;  X.  4. ;  and  "  N.  &  Q."  2n<»  S.  v.  193,  263.] 

*'  Blessed  is  he  that  expecieth  nothing."— 
K.  G.  will  be  fflad  to  know  where  the  followiiup 
is  to  be  found:  '' Blessed  is  he  that  expecteta 
nothing,  for  he  shall  not  be  disappointed;" 

[This  has  been  usoally  termed  *<  the  eighth  beatitude,'' 
and  attributed  to  Dean  Swift.  Vide  •'N.  &  Q."4^  a 
iii  310,  415, 446.] 


278 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  •». 


THOMAS  ROWLANDSON,  ARTIST. 

(4»>'  S.  iv.  89,  224.) 

Having  been  for  many  years  a  collector  of  the 
original  drawings  of  this  artist,  and  examined  many 
thousand  specimens,  I  feel  justified  in  expressing 
my  entire  concurrence  with  the  estimate  formed 
by  S.  R.  of  his  artistic  merits.    In  originality  of 
humour,  vigour,  colour,  drawing,  and  composition, 
he  exhibits  talents  which  might,  but  for  tne  reck- 
lessness and  dissipation  of  his  character,  his  want 
of  moral  purpose,  and  his  unrestrained  tendency 
to  exaggeration  and  caricature,  have  enabled  him 
to  rank  with  the  highest  names  in  the  annals  of 
art.    In  his  tinted  drawings  with  the  reed-pen, 
as  in  the  productions  of  his  inimitable  and  too- 
facile  neeale,   his  subjects  seem  to  extend  over 
the  whole  domain  of  lui,  and  remind  one  in  turn 
of  the  free  and  luxuriant  outlines  of  Rubens,  the 
daring  anatomy  of  Mortimer,  the  rustic  truth  and 
simplicity  of    Morland,   the    satiric  humour    of 
Hogarth,  and  perhaps,  even,  the  purity  and  ten- 
der grace  of  Stothard.    The  history  of  native  art 
has  been  so  neglected  among  us,  and  its  profes- 
sors  have  been  so  far  without  honour  in  their 
own  country — where,  after  all,  art  is  an  exotic — 
that  our  lexicons  omit  altogether,   or  give  the 
most  meagre  details  of,  the  majority  of  British 
artists ;  while  those  of  corresponding  or  inferior 
merit,  if  fortunate  enough  to  be  oom  on  continental 
soil,  are  lauded  to  the  skies,  their  productions 
specified,   and  the  galleries  or  museums  where 
these  are  preserved  pointed  out  to  the  inquiring 
student.     If,  for  instance,  Howitt  or  Aiken  had 
been  foreigners,  what  should  we  not  have  found 
to  say  of  the  admirable  etchings  of  the  one  or 
the  clever  drawings  of  the  other  P    Where  shall  | 
we  find  a  record  of  Corbould,  whose  graceful  . 
compositions  illustrate  the  collections  of  Harrison  ; 
and  of  Cooke — of  Ramberg,  Bumey,  Dodd,  and 
of  Kirk,  the  early  lost, — "  the  best  artist  except 
Stothard,"  tede  Leigh  Hunt,  "that  ever  designed 
for  periodical  works  "  ?    Rowlandson  himself  is, 
to  speak  broadly,  unknown ;  even  among  artists 
and  professed   "  picture-men,"   few  in   London, 
none  out^  have  ever  heard  of  his  name ;  and  it  is 
only  by  introducing  him  as  the  inventor  of  "  Dr.  i 
Syntax  "  that  you  gain  him  a  locus  standi  in  the 
court  of  art-criticism.     I  have  seen  artists  stand  I 
astounded  before  the  talent  of  his  works,   and  ] 
marvel  at  their  own  utter  ignorance  of  one  whose 
genius  and  powers  were  so  consummately  great.  ' 
Two  admirable  specimens  of  this  master  were  I 
contributed  by  the  Queen  to  the  Great  Exhibi-  ' 
tion  of  1801 ;  and  since  this  period,  when  love  for  j 
and  knowledge  of  art  certainly  dates  an  increase, 
I  have  found  that  his  drawings  have  been  much 
naore  difficult  to  obtain.    To  return,  however,  to 
his  technical  skill,  which  seems  somewhat,  but 


most  unjustly,  called  in  question.  The  GmUe^ 
man's  magazine  is  readily  accessible,  but  I  shdl 
not  apologise  for  quoting  at  length  from  an  article 
in  its  columns,  so  decisive  is  it  as  to  the  cha- 
racter of  Rowlandson  as  an  artist,  and  so  interest- 
ing in  connection  VTith  what  has  been  already 
said  of  him  and  his  compeer,  William  Combe  :— 

"  It  is  not  generally  known  that,  however  coarse  and 
slight  maybe  the  generality  of  his  humorous  and  political 
etchings,  many  of  which  were  the  careless  effusions  of  a 
few  hours,  his  early  works  were  wrought  with  care ;  and 
his  studies  from  the  human  figure,  at  the  Royal  Aca- 
demy, were  scarcely  inferior  to  those  of  the  justly  ad- 
mircMl  Mortimer.  .  .  .  From  the  versatility  of  his 
talent,  the  fecundity  of  his  imagination,  the  grace  and 
elegance  with  which  he  could  design  his  groups,  added  to 
the  almost  miraculous  dispatch  with  which  he  supplied 
his  patrons  with  compositions  upon  every  subject,  it  luur 
been  the  theme  of  regret  among  his  friends  that  he  was 
not  more  careful  of  his  reputation.  Had  he  pursued  the 
course  of  art  steadily,  he  might  have  become  one  of  tha 
greatest  historical  painters  of  his  age.  His  style,  which 
was  purely'  his  own,  was  most  original.  He  drew  a  bold 
outline  with  the  reed  pen,  in  a  tint  composed  of  vermilion 
and  Indian  ink  ;  wa.shed  in  the  general  effect  with  chi- 
aro-scuro,  and  tinted  the  whole  with  the  proper  cdonnL 
This  manner,  though  slight,  in  many  instances  was  moat 
effective ;  and  it  is  known  on  indubitable  authority  Uiat 
Sir  Josliua  Reynolds  and  Mr.  West  have  each  declared 
that  some  of  bis  drawings  would  have  done  honour  to 
Kubens  or  any  of  the  greatest  masters  of  design  of  the 

old  schools It  should  be  repeated,  that  hit 

reputation  has  not  been  Justly  appreciated.  In  a  vast 
collection  of  his  drawings  m  the  possession  of  Mr.  Acker- 
mann,  and  which  have  often  been  seen  with  admiration 
and  delight  by  the  many  professional  artists  and  ama- 
teurs who  frequented  Mr.  Ackermann's  conversazitmi  at 
his  library  at  the  ol<l  house  in  the  Strand,  it  cannot  be 
forgotten  that  some  are  inimitable.  No  artist  of  the 
past  or  present  school,  perhaps,  ever  expressed  so  mucb 
as  Rowlandson,  with  so  little  effort,  or  with  so  evident 
an  appearance  of  the  absence  of  labour." — VoL  xcvli. 
p.  564. 

Justice  is  done  to  the  versatility  of  Rowland- 
son  in  the  amusing  Wine  and  Wakifds  of  W.  BL 
Pyne,  vol.  ii.  p.  323.  The  artists  knew  eac^ 
other  well,  and  had  worked  together. 

Among  the  collectors  of  the  works  of  Rowland-> 
son  may  be  mentioned  Henry  Angelo.  He  con- 
sidered his  collection  unique,  but  he  was  forced 
to  dispose  of  it,  and  his  friend  Jack  Bannister 
became  the  purchaser.  In  his  interesting  He* 
rmniacenoes  (2  vols.  8vo,  1830),  he  gives  an  ac- 
count of  a  spirited  drawings  made  specially  for 
him  by  Rowlandson  in  a  night-house  in  Seven 
Dials,  whither  the  twain  had  repaired  in  the  hope 
of  detecting  a  thief  who  had,  on  the  preceding 
evening,  knocked  the  artist  down  near  to  his  re- 
sidence in  Poland  Street  and  rifled  him  of  hi» 
watch  and  money. 

Rowlandson,  Bannister,  and  Angelo  had  been 
drawn  together  in  boyhood  by  a  common  love 
for  art;  and  in  after  life  they  were  inseparable 
companions.  The  latter  informs  us  that  his  friend 
'^  Roley ''  was  a  witty  genial  companion,  thtt  be 


4*S.  IV.  OCT.2,'e8.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


2t9 


was  of  "  mighty  stature,"  and  that  from  early 
traTels  in  frsDce,  Flanders,  and  Holland,  he 
spoke  French  fluently,  and  had  made  himself 
aci^uainted  with  foreign  habits  of  thinkin)^  and 
acting.  Much  haa  Angelo  to  say  of  the  character 
and  genius  of  his  friend  (vol.  i.  pp.  233-240), 
corroborating  the  opinions  expressed  in  the  ex- 
tract I  have  given  above,  adding: — 

"  I  think  it  mny  safely  be  averred,  that  he  has  skslched 
or  executed  more  aabjects  ot  real  sccnea,  in  his  original, 
rapid  manner,  than  any  ten  nr(jals,  his  contemporaries, 
and  etched  more  plates  than  any  artist,  ancient  or 
modem." 

To  the  same  purport, is  a  notice  of  Rowland- 
son  in  a  paper  on  "  Humorous  Designers  "  in  that 
valuable  repertory  of  art-anecdote,  the  Somerset 
Souee  GazeUe,  edited  by  Ephraini  Hardcastle 
(W.  II.  I'yne),  2  void.  4to,  1S24  :— 

"Thomas  Howlandson,  the  merry  wag,  he  who  haa 
covered  with  his  nover-flagftinE  pencil  enough  '•(  charta 
para  to  placard  the  whole  walls  of  China,  and  etched 
as  much  copper  aa  would  sheath  the  Hritiah  navy. 
Of  bis  grapiiic  tun  and  frolic  ire  have  seen.  Heaven 
knows,  full  many  n  pooderous  folio. 

"Master  Kolev,  so  friendly  dubbcc!  by  many  an  old 
conrive,  could  have  taken  higher  tlighta  of  art  had  he 
to  (rilled,  for  he  could  drair  with  elegance  and  grace ;  I 
and  fbr  design,  no  mind  was  ever  better  aloreil  with 
thonght — no  genius  mure  proliSc  Nothing,  even  al- 
lowing for  caricature,  could  exceed  in  spirit  and  intelli-  I 
gence  some  of  Ihe  off.hnnd  comjioailionH  of  thia  worthy. 

"  Predilection  for  outline  and  the  pen  has  ruined  many 
■  genius  who  would  have  done  honour  to  the  arts. 
Uarlimer,  Porter,  nnd  iinother  living  artist  you  and  I 
eonld  name,  good  Mr.  Editor,  and  others  now  no  mure, 
have  saeriliced  their  talents  and  their  fame  to  the  indul- 
gence of  doing  that  with  the  pen  (confound  both  gooie- 
quill,  Crow-qiSlI,  and  the  reed!)  that  should  have  occu- 
pied that  litter  instrument  the  pencil,  aforetime  called 
the  pencil-brush."— Vol.  ii.  p.  347. 

In  the  preface  to  the  English  Dance  of  Death 
(2  vols.  8vo,  1815)^a  work  of  great  originality 
and  importance— Combe  gives  an  account  of  the 
aflnner  of  its  production : — 

"Mr.ItowLANnsoH  had  contemplated  thcBubjccC  with 
the  view  of  applying  it  exclusively  tj)  the  Manners, 
Customs,  and  Character  of  thi4  Country.  His  Pencil 
baa  accordingly  produced  tlie  Designs  which,  in  the 
Order  they  were  delivered  to  me,  I  have  accompanied 
with  Metrical  llluatrationa  :  a  Alode  of  proceeding  which 
has  l>een  sanctioned  by  the  Snccesa  of  our  joint  Laboura 
in  the  'Tom;  of  DocTon  Syntax.'  " 


I  must  not  ni 


]  add  t 


tlie  list  of 


men  are  erroneously  attributed  to  this  artist,  being 
the  producdon  of  Ilenry  "William  Bunbitry,  brother 
of  Sir   Thomas   Charles   Bunbury,    Bart.      This 


Q  works  excited  the  admiration 
of  Sir  Joi'hua  Reynolds,  died  at  Keswick  in  1811. 
A  notice  of  his  life  and  works,  accompanied  by  a 
portrait,  will  be  found  in  the  Sporting  Magasine 
for  December  1812  (vol.  xli.  p.  93.) 


J.  F.  Malcolm,  in  his  Hidorical  Sketch  of  the 
Art  of  Caricaturing,  4to,  London,  1818,  spealis  in 
especial  praise  of  Rowlandson's  "  Views  in  Ox- 
ford and  Cambridge"  (1810),     These,  says  he  r— 

"Deserve  notice..for  the  slight  and  pleasing  manner 
with  which  he  bos  characterize  the  architecture  of  the 
places  mentioned;  but  it  is  impossible  to  aurpaaa  the 
originalitv  of  hia  figures;  the  dance  of  students  and  Ellas 
da  joy  («c)  before  Christ  Church  College  is  highly 
humorous,  and  the  enraged  tutors  grin  with  anger  pecu- 
liar to  thia  artist's  pencil,"  &c — Page  149. 

So  also  ilr.  Thomas  Wright  (who,  strangely 
enough,  does  not  seem  to  Itave  met  with  the 
work  of  his  predecessor).  This  accurate  writ^ 
gives  a  good  account  of  our  artist ;  speaks  of  bis 
admission  as  a  student  at  the  age  of  sixteen  t» 
the  Itoyal  Academy  in  London ;  of  his  studies  in. 
Paris,  where  "  he  was  remarked  for  the  skill 
with  which  he  drew  the  human  body,"  and 
where  his  "  studies  from  nature  were  said  to  ba 
remarkably  fine."  In  this  city,  by  dint  of  de- 
bauchery and  gambling,  he  managed  to  dissipate 
the  greater  part  of  a  fortune  of  7000/.  left  him  by 
his  aunt,  a  French  lady,  and  returned  to  London 
to  tr^  to  supply  its  place  by  his  pencil.  Finally, 
he  died  in  poverty,  in  lodgings  in  the  Adelphi. 
{Hilary  of  Caricature  and  Oroteaque  in  Art,  by 
Thomas    Wright,    M.A.      4to.    London,    18«S, 

?p.  480-8.)  A  coloured  engraving  before  me,  by 
'ugin  and  Rowlandson,  9x5,  gives  the  interior 
of "  Ackermann'sHepositoryof  Arts,  101,  Strand." 
Of  the  artist  himself,  I  am  not  aware  that  any  re- 
presentation, serious  or  caricature,  exists  of  him 
who  spent  his  life  in  taking  likenesses  of  others. 

One  illustration  —  I  think  only  one,  but  the 
best — was  contributed  by  Rowlandson  to  tho 
English  Spy,  2  vols.  8vo,  1826,  by  Bernard 
Blackmantle  (Charles  MoUoy  Westmacott).  I 
mention  it  here  as  being  interesting  in  itself  and 
no  doubt  a  reminiscence  of  the  artist's  Academical 
studies.  Some  score  of  Academicians  are  repre- 
sented drawing  from  the  nude  female  figure: 
Ilaydon,  Shee,  and  others  are  to  be  recognised 
from  their  likenesses,  and  the  initials  of  all  are  to 
be  seen  on  the  portfolios   which  lean    by  theil 


A  cursory  examination  of  the  works  of  this 
great  artist,  and  a  comparison  of  them  with  those 
of  his  contemporaries  in  the  same  walk — Dighton, 
Heath,  Woodward,  Bunbury,  Theodore  Lane, 
&c. — must,  as  appears  to  me,  result  in  the  con- 
viction that,  in  the  correct  anatomy  of  his  figures 
(apart  from  their  exaggeration,  which  is  alway» 
harmonious)  and  the  ever-graceful  ordoniiance  of 
his  fiprouping,  we  have  unmistakable  evidence  of 
early  and  successful  Academicol  study. 

William  Batbs. 

Birmingham. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ci*8.IT.Oo».S,'«. 


With   the   utmoat   deference   to 


r  learned 


and  esteemed  correapoadent  J.  M.,  will  ha  permit 
me  to  call  his  attention  to  what  Bsems  an  omis- 
non  in  his  very  iutareating  note  on  this  dormant 
peerage?  I  refer  to  the  fact  that  Alexander 
Borthwick,  "  in  Johnatone,"  or  "  of  Nenthoro,"  or 
"  of  Soltray  "  (for  he  seems  to  have  been  known 
brail  these  descriptions),  the  "son  natural"  of 
William  second  (?)  Lord  Borthwick,  and  ancestor 
of  Mr.  Guninghsme  Borthwick,  the  present  claim- 
ant of  the  title,  was  legitimaUd  by  warrant  under 
the  privy  seal  dated  Sejitember  2,  1511.  (Kiddell's 
Peerage  and  Cimeistonal  Law,  p.  681.)  Mr.  Eid- 
dell's  argument,  identifying  tnia  "  legitimated " 
Alexander  with  the  natural  son,  6rst  of  the  Sol- 
tray branch,  seems  conclusive,  and  we  would  be 
glui  to  learn  from  one  ao  well  qualified  to  apeak 
as  J.  M.,  how  the  Lords'  Committee  for  Privileges 
Kot  over  thi»  difficulty  bo  easily  at  their  sittiog  in 
July  last,  even  granting  that  the  adjeclivenado-nfts 
does  not,  per  ae,  indicate  illegitimacy. 

As  for  the  cntaila  mentioned  by  X  M.,  by  which 
{t  is  presumed  that  gentleman  refers  to  two  grants 
of  "certMn  husband  lands  in  Nenthom,"  by  Lord 
Borthwick  the  father,  in  1489  and  1495,  in  favour 
of  Alexander  his  "son  natural,"  and  Margaret  Law- 
son,  the  latter'fl  wife,  may  not  the  substitution 
of  "  heira  male  whatsoever,"  fiuling  those  of  the 
grantee's  own  body,  be  mere  voce»  ttgnala,  not  un- 
common in  such  deeds,  or  even  with  the  view  to  a 
firospective  legitimation,  as  happened  ?  These  are, 
tis  thought,  the  "  quealionable  deeds" noticed  by 
J.  M.,  in  one  of  which  a  suspicious  erasure  fol- 
lowed the  word  "  filio,"  in  every  place  where  in 
the  other,  "naturali"  followed  it.  These  were 
first  produced  by  Mr.  Borthwick  of  Crookaton, 
the  rival  claimant  in  1808  and  1812,  who  was  the 
undoubted  heir  male  of  the  second  son  of  the  first 
Lord  Borthwick. 

With  reapect  to  the  force  of  the  ejuthct  "  natu- 
ralis"  in  tlie  early  part  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
J.  M.  must  recollect  the  claim  to  the  male  repre- 
sentation of  Duncan,  last  of  the  old  Earls  of 
Lennox  (beheaded  by  James  I.  in  142C),  by  the 
&mily  of  Lennox  of  Woodhead,  which  was  ef- 
fectually disposed  of  by  the  discovery  (by  his 
Mend  Mr.  Riddell)  of  a  charter  by  Earl  Duncan 
to  John  Brisbane,  dated  at  Kyleme,  August  12, 
1433,  which  ia  witnessed  by  "  Malcolmo,  Thoma, 
et  Donaldo,  filiia  nostris  natnralibus."  The  last 
of  these  was  ancestor  of  the  Woodhead  family. 
Had  any  one  of  the  three  been  lawful,  he  must 
have  succeeded  to  the  earldom  of  Lennox,  which, 
it  is  matter  of  history,  devolved  on  the  earl's 
eldest  daughter  Isabella,  Duchess  of  Albany,  who 


succeeded  as  heir /emnb,  failing  Yuan  mate  of  her 
father's  body,  under  a  well-known  enttuL 

And  as  for  the  more  modem  ufrniflcation  of 
natiirali*,  the  House  of  Lords  (in  1701)  held  no 
fewer  than  four  individuals  to  be  bast&rds  from 
this  epithet  being  applied  to  them  in  documents 
of  date  1687,  1606,  1618,  and  1619.  (Riddell, 
Sup.  Cit-mtthe  Caithnem  Claim,  p.  683.)  Theae 
last  predsely  range,  in  date,  with  the  deorion  of 
the ''  British  Solomon,"  though  theypiove  another 
interpretation.  But«  do  not  the  added  words, 
"  and  heir  male  "  qualify  the  expression  used  by 
James  VI,,  "naturall  sonne,"  and  give  it  qaite  a 
different  meaning  from  the  "  naturalis  tmium  " 
of  the  Canonists  P  Such  seems  to  have  been  the 
view  of  the  great  conwstoiial  lawyer  above  quoted. 
Anaio-ScoTTja. 

Ob  the  subject  of  your  note  as  to  the  fbrmet 
meaning  of  "natural  son,"  1  may  furnish  a  faci 
which  bears  directly  on  the  question  aa  far  u 
England  is  cancemed,  and  I  can  see  no  reasoil 
why  its  meaning  in  Scotifmd  should  have  been 
different.  There  is  an  inquisition  poet'mortem 
taken  in  the  county  of  Salop  on  tbe  deatlL  of 
George  Tuckye,  Jan.  24,  37  Elizabeth,  which 
states  that  this  George  Tuckye,  by  his  deed  dated 
Nov.  20,  31  Elizabeth,  enfeoffed  certaiii  trustees 
of  a  medsuBge  called  the  Brtache,  in  Halesoweny 
with  divers  lands  belonging  thereto  — 
"  ad  usam  pfat  Georgii  Tuckye  A  Jocosn  nxoiia  ^Oi 
p  termia  viUium,  et  post  deoetu.  p<>  Gearcil  et  Joooai 
od  ubuth  Eleanone  Tnckye  fil.  pfat  Geo^  at  faM«d  d« 
corpora  et  f  defect  tills  exltna  ad  main  Georgll  fll  na- 
tural pi  EteiDone  et  hered  da  corpora  et  nni  defect,  ad 
uBQ  Willi  HI  natural,  pd  Elianorset  hered deeorpoieet 
p  defect  ad  utum  Antonii  Tuckye  geoer  Hm  prdkt 
ueorgii  it  bered."     t 

The  jury  found  that  Anthony  died  without 
issue,  and  that  the  reversion  descended  to  Elea- 
nora.  It  here  seems  that  "natural''  meant  "ille- 
gitimate." It  was  only  on  failure  of  heirs  of  the 
body  of  Eleanora  that  "her  sons  George  and  Wil- 
liam were  to  succeed ;  and  if  they  were  legitimate, 
they  would  have  been  comprised  under  "hered 
de  corpore."  It  is  to  be  observed  also,  that  they 
had  not  acquired  a  surname. 

The  jury  found  that  George  Tuckye  had  no 
othsr  laniis  in  "the  county  aforesMd";   hut  it 


ceatorshire,  where  his  son  Edward  (who  sc 

have  died  before  him)  redded  for  a  time  with  me 

of  his  tenants. 


F.D. 


Sm  HUGH  CALVELEY. 

(4"  S.  iv.  217.) 

I  would  beg  to  direct  the  attention  of  Mia. 

PiCKTOBD,  and  vour  readers  generally,  to  the 

memoir  of  Sir  Bobert  Enolles  in  the  28tb  I^rt  of 


4«kS.lV.  OcT.2/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


281 


Sir  Hugh  =  Wife. 
Calvelev. 


I 
Sir  Hugh 

Browe. 


Eve  a  Richard 
KnoUes. 


I 


Sir  Robert  Knolles. 


The  subject  is  highly  interesting,  both  in  its 
biographical  and  its  armorial  aspects ;  and  I  shall 
thankfully  receive  any  competent  opinions  upon 
it,  or  any  items  of  further  evidence. 

John  Gough  Nichols. 


The  Herald  and  Genealogist.  He  was  the  com- 
rade of  Sir  Hugh  Oalveley,  and  a  captain  of  as 
great  valour  and  perhaps  greater  fame.  They 
ran  a  nearly  concurrent  course  during  nearly  half 
a  century,  for  both  were  partakers  in  the  pitched 
combat  between  thirty  Bretons  and  thirty  English, 
fought  at  Ploermel  on  March  16,  1351 ;  and  as 
late  as  1380  the  names  of  Sir  Hugh  Calveley, 
Sir  Robert  Knolles,  and  Sir  Hugh  Browe  are 
mentioned  together  by  Holinshed  as  then  accom- 
panying the  Prince  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Earl  of 
Buckingham  (afterwards  Duke  of  Gloucester),  to 
the  Continental  war.  Sir  Hugh  Calveley  died 
at  an  advanced  age  in  1394;  Sir  Robert  Knolles 
in  1407,  aged  ninety-two.  Around  the  tomb  of 
Sir  Hugh  Calveley,  in  Bunbury  church,  are 
shields  which  were  formerly  alternately  painted 
with  these  two  coats :  — 

Argent,  a    fess    gules  between    three    calves 
passant. 

Gules,  on  a  chevron  argent  three  roses  of  the 
field. 

The  latter  arms  were  those  assumed  by  Sir 
Robert  Knolles;  but  there  seems  to  be  good 
evidence  in  proof  that  they  were  also  the  arms  of 
Browe.  It  has  not  been  ascertained  that  Sir 
Hugh  Calveley  was  married ;  but  Lysons  has 
remarked  that  if  he  was,  it  is  most  probable  that 
his  wife  was  sister  to  Sir  Hugh  Browe ;  and  that 
it  appears  by  Woodnoth's  Collections  (p.  22^  that 
Sir  Hugh  had  two  sisters,  but  the  names  of  their 
husbands  are  not  known.  In  another  place  Ly- 
sons mentions  that  Sir  Hugh  Calveley  had  a 
nephew  named  Robert  Knolles,  the  son  of  his 
sister  Eve  by  Richard  Knolles ;  and,  "  did  not  the 
circumstance  of  their  being  evidently  so  nearly  of 
an  age  render  it  improbable,  there  would  be  strong 
reason  for  supposing  that  the  two  celebrated 
Cheshire  warriors  were  uncle  and  nephew.'*  This 
genealogical  puzzle  unfortunately  did  not  engage 
the  critical  attention  of  Mr.  Ormerod,  the  county 
historian.  It  is  possible,  I  think,  that  in  calling 
Robert  Knolles  his  nephew,  Sir  Hugh  Calveley 
may  have  meant  his  wife's  nephew;  in  which 
case  Sir  Robert,  as  an  adopted  son  of  Sir  Hugh 
Browe,  may  have  taken  his  arms.  Their  connec- 
tion may  then  be  as  thus : — 


LOW  GERMAN  LANGUAGE. 
(4'»»  S.  iv.  74, 127,  207.) 


If  your  inquiring  correspondent  be  desirous  of 
studying  the  gram  mar  of  the  so-called  Plattdeutsch 
closely,  I  would  recommend  Karl  Nerger's  excel- 
lent — 

"  Gramraatik  des  meklenbargischcn  Dialektes  lllterer 
und  neuerer  Zeit.   Laut-  und  Flexionslehre.    GekrOnte 
Prcisschrift."    Leipzig  (F.  A.  Brockhaus),  1859,  pp.  xii. 
191. 

It  is  printed,  too,  like  English  books — a  great 
help  to  foreign  students,  and  is  as  a  whole  worthy 
the  trouble  of  close  and  deep  study.  The  more 
so,  perhaps,  as  it  will  help  fully  to  enjoy  the 
study  of  the  excellent  writings  of  the  gonial  Fritz 
Renter,*  whose  works  and  their  influence  upon  all 
classes  cannot  be  spoken  of  too  highly.  It  is 
a  pity,  however,  that  Br.  Nerger  has  not  accom- 
panied his  GramtneUik  by  a  longer  introduction, 
for  the  few  pages  {vide  ant^,  "Einleitung,"  pp.  1-8) 
he  has  given  sharpen  one's  appetite  for  more.  In 
this  introduction  he  writes :  — 

'*Der  meklenburgische  Dialekt  gehUrt  dem  niedsr- 
deutschen  Sprachgebiete  an.  ErwirddabervondenenyWel- 
che  sich  seiner  b^euen,  ausser  mit  dem  Namen  dudetch 
dvetach  in  alterer  Zeit  als  tcusiiche  oder  neddertoBtU^e, 
auch  wol  nedderUhdiaehe  spr&ke,  in  neuerer  Zeit  als  iMcf- 
derdmUch  oder  plattduetach  bezeichnet  und  diirch  diese 
Benennangen  nicbt  nur  von  der  Sprache  Oberdeatsch- 
lands,  frertach,  overlenditchfhochduetsch,  sondem  audi 
von  der  des  obo'silchsischen  Kreises,  ooersassUchf  nnter- 
scbieden." — VideojUiy  p.  1. 

♦*  Der  rdumliche  Utn/ang/*  he  continues,  "  den  der 
meklenburgische  Dialekt  hat,  wird  so  zieixdich  durch  die 
politischen  Gronzen  der  Grossherzogthilmer  Meklenbnrg 
umschrieben.  Freilich  ist  es  bei  dieser  Bestimmimg 
leicbt  begreiflich,  dass  bei  dem  tlicilweisen  Mangel  natUr- 
Hcher  Grenzen  des  Landes  auch  die  des  Dialektes  ver- 
schwimmende  sein  mtlssen.  Namentlich  ist  dies  im  Osten 
gegen  Pommem  bin  der  Fall,  sodoss  man  nicht  mit 
Unrecht  von  einer  meklenburgisch-vorpommerschen 
Mundart  redet,  wllhrend  sich  am  schllrfsten  im  SUden 
die  Mark  Brandenboig  sondert.     Nach    Flussgebieten 

*  His  collected  writings  have  appeared  in  thirteen 
vols. — viz.  vols.  L  ii.  Lduschen  un  Rimelsj  9th  ed  ;  vol.  iii. 
Reia*  nah  BeUigen,  6th  ed. ;  vol.  iv.  Ut  de  FranzosenHdf 
Sfc,  forming  part  of  OUe  Kamellen  {Ut  tie  Franzo»erUid 
has  been  translated  into  English  oy  Mr.  Charles  Lee 
Lewes,  under  the  title  of  In  the  Year  '13 :  a  Tale  of 
Mechlenburp  Life^  being  vol.  iv.  of  Baron  Taacfanitz*s  au- 
thorised edition  of  Oollection  of  German  Authors) f  8th  ed.; 
voL  v.  Ut  mine  Fesiungatidf  6th  ed. ;  vol.  vi.  Schurr-Murr, 
6th  ed. ;  vol.  vii.  Hanne  NUte,  6th  ed. ;  vols,  viii.-x.  Ut 
mine  Stromtid,  7th  ed.  (a  work  of  home-life  and  home- 
feelings,  which  in  all  its  details,  descriptions,  and  ten- 
dencies cannot  be  praised  too  bighly,  and  which  has 
endeared  him  to  millions  all  over  the  world) ;  vol.  xi.  Kein 
Hufung,  4th  ed. ;  vol.  xii.  Dorchlauchting^  4th  ed. ; 
vol.  xiii.  Montecchi  und  CapukttL  Their  celebrated  anUior 
was  bom  at  Stavenhagen  in  Mecklenburg-Scbwerin  in 
November,  1810,  studied  law  at  Jena,  was  imprisoned 
for  several  years  on  account  of  republican  ideas,  was 
living  afterwards  at  Neubrandenburg  in  Mecklenbui^- 
Streutz,  bat  has  now  taken  np  his  abode  in  Thuringia, 
near  the  pretty  little  town  of  iLisenach, 


282 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^S.iy.  OoT.2»'69. 


betrachtet  umfaast  der  in  Rede  stehende  Dialekt  die 
Gebiete  der  Stepenitz,  der  Wamow,  der  Reknitz,  der 
Peene  mit  Trebel  and  Tollense,  der  obem  Havel,  der 
Elde,  der  Sude  und  der  Boize  sammt  den  zugehOrigen 
KUstenstrichen  und  Seenplatten  [the  two  Mecklenburgs 
are  especiaUy  rich  in  lakes  and  lakelets].  Yon  einzelnen 
Sprachunterschieden  innerhalb  dieses  Gebietes,"  &c,  — 
Vide  ante,  pp.  1,  2. 

Hermann  Ejcndt. 
Germany.  

WAS  MACBETH  THE  THIRD  MURDERER  OF 

BANQUO  ? 

(4«»  S.  iv.  211.) 

Mr.  Paton's  idea  is  certainly  very  ingenious, 
but  not^  I  think,  warranted  by  the  play.  As  some 
of  Mr.  Paton's  remarks  are  wrong,  and  others 
likely  I  think  to  mislead,  I  shall  go  through  his 
eight  arguments  in  detail. 

1,  2,  3.  It  may  be  well  to  premise  that  Mac- 
beth, Lady  Macbeth,  and  the  visitors,  all  go  in 
together  to  the  banquet.  (I  state  this  because,  if 
I  understand  3,  which  I  am  not  sure  I  do,  Mb. 
Paton  seems  to  think  Macbeth  came  in  late  by 
himself.)  As  to  the  time  of  the  banquet  being 
stated  for  seven  o'clock,  I  should  not  dwell  much 
on  that;  for  Shakspere  is  thoroughly  careless 
about  the  unities  of  time  or  place,  or  indeed  any 
imity.  Besides,  did  he  not  go  there  till  midnight  P 
I  think  Sc.  4  occupies  several  hours,  but  obviously  it 
would  not  have  been  convenient  to  break  it  up  on 
the  stage  into  three  or  four  parts.  This  idea  will, 
of  course,  explain  2.  and  3.  (as  far  as  I  understand 
it)  and  parts  of  6.  The  murder,  I  admit,  comes 
before  Sc.  4;  but  that  was  necessary  for  the 
audience,  and  is  a  highly  dramatic  method. 

4.  Whatever  the  *' perfect  spy  o'  the  time" 
actually  means  (which  must  be  somewhat  uncer- 
tain), I  think  with  several  others  that  it  does 
apply  to  the  third  murderer.  If  so,  we  do  hear 
of  the  man.  Why  a  third  man  should  be  em- 
ployed, I  think  I  can  explain.  I  suppose  the 
first  and  second  murderers  to  have  been  retainers 
(or  something  of  that  sort)  formerly  of  Banquo, 
who  thought  themselves  wronged,  in  which  case 
they  would  know,  in  all  probability,  nothing  of 
the  locality  of  Macbeth's  residence.  So  the  third 
was  a  servant  (and  creature^  of  Macbeth,  who 
went  to  show  them  the  locality  and  inform  them 
of  the  time  of  Banquo's  return.  That  Macbeth 
had  plenty  of  *^  confidants  "  of  this  sort  is  certain 
from  Sc.  4 :  — 

"  There's  not  a  one  of  them  [i.  e.  bis  thanes]  but  in  his 
house. 
I  keep  a  servant  fee'd." 

This  supposition  would  also  account  for  the 
first  murderer  telling  the  tale,  as  it  would  be 
better  for  his  own  servant  (in  his  then  agitated 
condition)  to  keep  out  of  the  way,  whereas  the 
first  and  second  murderers  would  be  unknown  to 
the  household. 


5.  It  may  be  remarked  that  murderers  in  almost 
all  cases  inflict,  from  fear  of  failure,  many  more 
wounds  than  are  necessary.  Besides,  Macbeth 
had  told  them  '^  to  leave  no  botches  in  the  work." 
Furthermore,  the  murderer  might  exaggerate  to 
get  more  pay ;  and,  most  of  all,  they  were  privater 
enemie$. 

G.  Here  Mr.  Paton  seems  to  have  written  from 

memory.    The  third  murderer  neither  gives  or 

repeats  any  orders  at  all.    When  asked  who  had 

sent  him,  he  simply  replies  "  Macbeth."    I  do  not 

think  (though  that,  I  confess,  is  an  open  question) 

that  the  third  murderer  was  the  first  to  near  the 

sound  of  horse :  for  the  first  murderer  says — 

*^ .       .        .        .       now  near  approaches 
The  object  of  our  watch," 

in  all  probability^  from  hearing  his  approach. 
When  did  the  third  murderer  identify  Banquo  P 
Did  he  strike  out  the  light,  who  asked  why  the 
light  was  struck  out  ?  Obviously  the  first  mur- 
derer struck  it  out — the  man  who  answers,  "  Was't 
not  the  way?"  Now  why  the  first  or  second 
murderer  should  strike  it  out  is  plain,  if  the  idea 
of  their  being  retainers  be  taken ;  i.  e,  if  Banquo 
or  Fleance  did  escape,  they  did  not  care  to  be 
recognised.  And  this  conduct  would  natarally 
appear  strange  to  the  third  murderer,  Macbeth's 
servant.  As  for  his  finding  that  Fleance  had 
escaped,  that  was  only  firom  his  seeing  one  corpse 
only  on  the  ground.  Lastly,  if  Macbetii  was  the 
third  murderer,  how  was  it  that  the  first  uid 
second  murderers  did  not  recognise  him  ? 

7.  I  do  not  see,  I  must  confess,  any  great  levity 
in  Macbeth's  speech  to  the  murderers.  (Even  if 
there  were,  how  far  would  that  go  in  an  author 
who  has  made  characters  reason  the  most  quietly  in 
the  most  awkward  predicaments  P)  Besides^  would 
Shakspere  put  such  lines  as  — 


or — 


^  Then  comes  my  fit  again,"  8cc, 
**  There  the  grown  serpent  lies,"  &c, 


in  the  mouth  of  a  man  who  had  been  present  at 
the  murder,  and  who  therefore,  of  course,  knew 
the  issue  of  it.  These  speeches  are,  of  course, 
aside. 

8.  I  think  the  words  "  Thou  canst  not  say  J  did 
it,"  iust  the  sort  of  words  a  murderer  by  depuly 
would  use.  To  make  the  man  actually  engaged 
in  a  murder  speak  so,  would  seem  to  make  non- 
sense of  Shakspere.  Erato.  Hills. 

Cambridge. 

Shakespeare-students,  I  think,  have  to  thank 
Mr.  Allan  Park  Pa  ton  for  a  quite  original  sug- 
gestion in  that  highest  department  of  ShsQiespeare- 
criticism  —  the  philosopliical  —  one  which  is  to 
be  classed  with  De  Quincey's  essay  on  The&wdt' 
ing  at  the  Gate* 

Malone  says:  ''The  third  assassin  seems  to 
have  been  sent  to  join  the  others,  from  Macbeth's 


4«»»  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


283 


superabundant  caution."    How  probable  it  is  that 

this  caution,  this  feverish   anxiety,  should  lead 

Macbeth  himself  to  the  scene  of  the  murder  I 

There  are  some  difficulties  in  Macbeth's  speech 

(Act  III.  Sc.  1,  Unes  127-132) :  -- 

** .        .        .        .        Within  this  hour  at  most 
I  will  advise  you  where  to  plant  yourselves, 
Acquaint  you  with  the  perfect  spy  o'  the  time, 
The  moment  on't ;  for  't  must  be  done  to-night, 
And  something  from  the  palace  ;  always  thought 
That  I  require  a  clearness," 

I  have  been  accustomed  to  interpret  the  third 
line  above,  "  I  will  acquaint  you  (by  my  confi- 
dential spy)  of  the  time,"  and  to  connect  this  spy 
with  the  third  murderer.  Even  thus  interpreted, 
however,  there  is  no  reason  why  the  spy  should 
not  be  the  disguised  Macbeth ;  and  there  are  other 
explanations  of  the  spy,  I  am  aware  (Charles 
Knight's,  for  instance).  The  difficult  "  always 
thought  that  I  require  a  clearness ''  means  "it 
being  always  remembered  that  I  must  appear 
clear  in  the  matter,''  as  is  fully  evident  from  the 
original  passage  in  Holinshed. 

John  Addis,  M.A. 
Kustington,  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

*  — 


T  cannot  see  my  way  to  the  status  of  the  *'  third 
murderer."  Soliloquies,  colloquies,  aparts  and 
asides  affi)rd  not  the  slightest  aid ;  while  his  first 
and  only  appearance  does  but  double  the  per- 
plexity. The  intrigue — as  the  French  term  it — 
of  Macbeth's  own  actuality,  is  at  utter  variance 
with  his  so  instantly  precedent  and  subsequent 
presence  in  his  regal  robes :  whether  this  myste- 
rious thirdsman  is  himself  or  his  agent,  neither 
the  printed  nor  the  acted  play  instructs  us.  » 

How  the  writer  of  six-and-thirty  dramas  (the 
one  before  us  among  their  latest  and  best) — an 
actor,  too,  as  well  as  author,  possessed  of  and  con- 
versant with  the  appliances  of  the  Elizabethan 
stage — could  fall  into  this  confusion,  wherein  not 
a  scene-shifter  at  "  The  Bull,"  "  The  Globe,"  or 
"  The  Fortune,"  but  would  have  protested  it  im- 
practicable— is  beyond  my  skill  to  answer.     Dis- 
guises and  murders  are  frequent  enough  in  the 
Shakspere  repertory ;  but  the  audience  is  sure  to 
be  let  into  their  secret  in  good  time.     But  in  this 
instance,  I  can  almost  suppose  the  original  assas- 
sination-scene to  have  been  dropped  out  of  the 
prompter's  book,  and  its  hiatus  defletidus  bridged 
over  by  some  hurried  scribe :   an  unsatisfactory 
solution,  I  fear,  submitted  to  Mr.  Collieb,  Mr. 
Halliwell,  or  Mr.  Keightley — whose  "decay 
of  sight "  I  truly,  and  experimentally,  regret. 

F.  L.  S. 

Apprentices  Whipped  (4*'»  S.  iv.  106.) — What 
is  the  meaning  of  "  notched  'prentices  "  in  Dry- 
den's  prologue  to  the  *'  Spanish  Friar  ?  "  Does  it 
mean  marked  by  whipping  ?  C. 


Carnac  (4»'»  S.  iv.  242.)  — Mr.  Pinkbrton's 
reply  upon  this  subject  seems  to  me  to  be  leading 
us  only  wider  and  wider  from  the  point.  We  were 
asked   by  Canox  Jackson   simply  to  consider 
whether  the  stone  rows  at  Camac  might  not  pos- 
sibly have  been  set  up,  under  a  powerful  religious 
feelmg,  as  a  monument  of  a  national  tragedy. 
Seeing  that  religious  feeling  has  produced  works 
of  infinitely  greater  labour  and  expense — as^  for 
instance,  the  Pyramids,  where  stones  of  larger 
size,  many  more  in  number,  and  moreover  wrought 
with   the  chisel,  have  been  piled  up  one  upon 
another  to  an  enormous  height  in  the  air — the 
work  required  at  Camac,  which  consisted  merely 
in  hauling  to  one  spot  rude  blocks  (some  very 
small)  already  scattered  over  the  surface  of  the 
surrounding  ground,  and  then  setting  them  up  on 
end,  seems,  comparatively  speaking,  a  matter  of 
no  incredible  difficulty.    But  Mr.  Pd^kbrton  can 
find  no  better  answer  to  this  than  that,  in  his 
opinion,  the  operation  is  *'  only  equalled  "  by  the 
fable  of  Merlin  the  magician.    In  what  class  does 
he  place  the  account  g^ven  us  by  Herodotus  of  the 
building  of  the  Pyramids  P    As  to  his  ^'  geological 
phenomenon,"  which  requires  us  to  beUeve  that 
some  violent  natural  cause  left  the  Camac  stones 
in  the  regular  position  in  which  we  find  them,  I 
cannot  swallow  this,  much  less  digest  it.    That 
large  areas  of  wild  country  have  been  by  some 
geological  action  strewed  with  countless  blocks 
of  stone  is  true  enough,  as  any  body  may  see  on 
the  coast  of  Galway  or  in  the  hollows  of  the 
Downs  in  North  Wiltshire.    But  that  any  geolo- 
gical action  should  have  left  them  in  regular 
rows,  circles,  or  semicircles,  and  that  not  in  one 
group  but  in  several  groups  (as  Mr.  Pinkertow's 
six  weeks'  observations  at  Camac  might  have  in- 
structed him)  is  a  doctrine  which  is  not  likely  to 
meet  with  much  support  from  geologists.     Let 
him  fill  a  bucket  witn  stones,  or  a  sack  with 
skittles,  and  pour  them  out  over  his  court-yard; 
he  will  have  to  repeat  the  experiment  a  good 
many  times  before  he  persuades  the  stones  or  the 
skittles  to  stand  upon  their  smaller  ends  in  rows, 
circles,  and  semicircles. 

Mr.  Pinkerton  positively  assured  us  some  time 
ago  (3'«  S.  vii.  302)  that  the  '^  shelves  "  or  ter- 
races upon  the  side  of  our  Downs  and  other  places, 
which  lie  immediately  below  one  another  with 
the  regularity  of  stairs,  were  the  results  of  cattle 
and  sheep  treading. 

Mr.  G.V.  Irving  ^as  any  ecological  observer  well 
might)  quietly  dismissed  tnat  explanation  with  a 
smile  (vii.  302.)  With  the  like  courteous  leave- 
taking,  we  may,  I  think,  make  our  bow  to  Ms. 
PiifKERT0i!f's  skittle  '' phenomenon ''  as  a  key  to 
Camac.  C.  W. 

"  Skakes  here  "  (4«»  S.  iv.  252.)— Your  cor- 
respondent A.  P.  P.  has,  I  believe,  fallen  upon  a 
wrong  explanation  of  the  above  caution^  which  is 


284 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*>»  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69. 


to  be  met  with  in  the  form  of  "  Snakes  set  here  " 
on  notice-boards  all  over  the  north  of  Ireland. 
The  "snakes"  are  nothing  more  than  pieces  of 
iron,  roughly  formed  by  the  neai'est  blacltsmith  into 
a  weapon  of  the  shape  of  a  double-barbed  fiahing- 
hook.  The  stem^  instead  of  being  bent,  as  in  the 
fishing-hook,  is  kept  straight,  and  driven  into  a 
small  clock  of  wood.  This  block  of  wood,  with  the 
weapon  upwards,  is  planted  in  the  ground  in  such 
a  manner  that  the  weapon  will  pierce  the  foot  of 
any  one  treading  upon  it.  The  double  barbs 
make  the  trespasser  unable  to  withdraw  it  with- 
out wounding  his  foot  still  more.  The  plantine 
of  snakes  is  such  a  cruel  mode  of  keeping  off  and 
of  punishing  trespassers,  that  few  farmers  can 
bring  themselves  to  adopt  it ;  but  I  have  known 
one  or  two  instances  of  tneir  being  really  planted, 
and  of  their  piercing  the  feet  of  trespassers.  One 
case  which  came  to  my  knowledge  was  that  of  a 
fhrmer,  who  was  wounded  by  a  snake  of  his  own, 
which  he  had  planted  in  a  potato  field.  Usually 
the  notice,  "  Snakes  set  here,"  is  sufficient  to  keep 
off  straying  feet,  whether  idle  or  vicious. 

0.  A.  R. 

This  is,  or  was,  a  common  term  in  the  north  of 
Ireland  for  sharp  knives  set  upright  in  the 
ground,  beneath  fruit  trees,   for  the  purpose  of 

S reserving  them  from  thieves ;  but  I  believe  this 
angerous  and  cruel  practice  is  now  illegal. 

Evelyn  II.  Shiblet. 

Hadleigh  Castle  (4*'>  S.  iv.  217.)  —  Hubert 
de  Burgh,  Earl  of  Kent  and  Justiciary  of  Eng- 
land, had  a  license  from  Henry  III.  to  erect  Had- 
leigh Castle  in  1231.  By  an  inquest  taken  in 
1250  of  what  lands  and  tenements  appertained  to 
the  castle  of  Hadleigh,  it  was  found  that  there 
were  belonging  to  the  castle  140  acres  of  arable 
land  and  pasture  for  180  sheep,  and  a  water-mill. 
Kichard  de  Taney  was  governor  in  1268.  Ed- 
ward III.,  in  1299,  assigned  it  to  Queen  Margaret. 
Richard  II.  granted  it  to  Albrey  de  Vere  (tenth 
Earl  of  Oxford),  and  he  died  possessed  of  it  in 
1400.  Edmund  Plantagenet,  Duke  of  York,  held 
the  same  for  life.  In  1452,  Henry  VI.  granted  it 
to  his  uterine  brother  Edmund  of  Hadlam,  Earl 
of  Richmond.  The  castle  was  demolished  in 
1405, .  according  to  Cruden's  Hist,  of  Gravesetid, 
But  the  castle  is  mentioned  in  1452,  though  not 
named  in  the  grant  of  Edward  VI.  to  Richard 
Lord  Riclie.  Mr.  II.  W.  King,  in  a  paper  on  the 
castle  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Essex  Archaolo- 
gical  Society  (ii.  82),  thinks  it  was  demolished 
c.  1456.  At  the  time  it  was  built  there  was  a 
stream  navigable  to  the  foot  of  the  hill.  In  con- 
structing the  culverts  on  the  Tilbury  and  South- 
end Railway,  about  twelve  feet  below  the  surface, 
on  the  marsh  at  the  foot  of  the  castle  hill,  the 
workmen  came  upon  planks  and  timbers,  which 
appeared  to  be  the  remains  of  sunken  rafts  or 


vessels  by  which  the  ragstone  had  been  brought 
from  Kent. 

In  Hadleigh  we  have  an  example  of  a  castle  of 
the  Early  English  period,  military  structures  of 
that  period  bemg  rare.  There  was  no  keep,  as  in 
a  Norman  castle  ;  two  flanking  towers  were  per- 
haps used  for  this  purpose.  The  length  of  the 
ballium  from  east  to  west  is  337  feet,  width  180 
feet,  area  1^  acre.  The  structure  is  built  of 
Kentish  ragstone  cemented  with  mortar,  contain- 
ing sea-shells,  probably  brought  from  Canvey 
Island.  For  further  particulars  I  refer  your  cor- 
respondent to  the  paper  of  Mr.  King  above  men- 
tioned, and  to  another  by  the  same  gentleman 
(7>fln».,  iv.  70). 

Essex  being  destitute  of  stone,  its  nine  baronial 
castles  formed  very  convenient 'quarries.  Leigh 
church  wad  probably  built  for  Iiadleigh,  so  abo 
other  buildings  in  the  neighbourhood. 

John  Piggot,  Jun.,  F.S.A. 

Medicinal  Spring  at  Dulwich  (4**»  S.  iv. 
233.) — In  reply  to  C.  A.  R.,  Brayley's  Anibulator^ 
or  a  Tour  round  London,  contains  this  short 
notice  of  the  spring :  — 

"  Dulwich,  a  pleasant  hamlet  in  the  parish  of  Cambftr- 
well,  Surrey,  5  miles  S.S.E.  from  London,  was  cdebrated 
a  few  years  ago  for  its  medicinal  waters,  to  which  there 
was  such  a  resort  of  company  that  the  master  of  the 
house,  then  called  the  '  Green  Man,'  erected  a  handsome 
room  for  their  accommodation.  The  wells  have  since 
fallen  into  disrepute,  and  the  house  was  for  some  time  oc- 
cupied by  the  late  Lord  Thurlow.  The  fine  walk  opposite 
this  house,  through  the  woods,  affords  from  its  top  a 
noble  prospect :  but  this  is  much  exceeded  by  that  from 
a  hill  behind  the  house,  under  a  tree  called  the  Oak  of 
Honour,  because  Queen  Elizabeth  is  said  to  have  onoo 
dined  under  the  branches  of  a  more  ancient  oak  that 
then  grew  on  the  spot." 

This  description  and  references  to  hoTises,  aod 
prospects  from  them  known  at  the  time,  may  help 
C.  A.  R.  to  trace  the  locality,  perhaps  now  built 
over.  I  will  just  mention  nere  that  Mr.  Bolm 
:  omits  this  work  under  the  article  Edw.  Wedlake 
Brayley,  as  he  does  also  a  more  important,  if  not 
a  more  useful  one,  The  L<mdin%ana,  in  4  vols. 
12mo,  accompanied  with  plates  and  curious  trea* 
tises.  On  reference  to  London  and  its  Environs 
described,  &c.,  vol.  vi.  Oct.  1761,  the  compiler 
says  — 

"  It  has  a  spring  of  the  same  medicinal  waters  as  Syden- 
ham wells,  with  which  the  master  of  the  'Green  Man,'  a 
house  of  good  entertainment,  serves  the  City,  and  particu- 
larly St.  Bartholomew's  Hospital,"  &c 

J.  A.  G. 

Carisbrooke. 

P.S.  I  will  add.  that  m^  copy  of  the  Ambulaton 
has  lost  the  title,  out  I  think  it  was  an  early  pub- 
lication of  Mr.  Brayley*s. 

Mr.  Brayley,  a  few  years  before  his  death,  waa 
very  desirous  to  recover  a  copy  of  his  first  literanr 
attempt — T?ie  History  of  a  White  Elephant,    a» 


V»  S,  IV.  Oct.  2,  'S9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


wished  me,  if  I  should  ever  gee  fi  copy,  to  pur- 
chase it  for  him,  if  I  gave  a  soTeieign  for  it. 

AssouKcisn  TO  Bees  the  Death  of  theki 
Waster  (4'°  S.  iv.  23,  225.)— Bee  superatition> 
are  numerous  and  of  every  kind.  Elach  county 
has  its  own.  In  Kent  the  cuatom  nlluded  to  b_v 
A  XoTis  I'aR-son  is  quite  common,  and  religiously 
observed.  In  this  counfv  of  Sussex,  no  one  who 
buys  B  stock  and  woiil^  hare  luek  with  Iheni 
would  think  of  payingr  for  them  in  anythiug  else 
but  gold  or  hay.  Hnlf-a-sovereipi  is  the  usual 
price.     Vii'gil'a  precept  is  followed  everywhere — 

"  Tinnitu»riiiD  de,  ct  Matiis  qiinto  cjmbala  ciccum," 
and  the  inatruments  uaed  for  ringing  them  doiDn 
are  generally  the  frviiig-pnn  and  the  house-door 
key. 

Aristotle  doubffl  whether  the  pfTect  is  produced 
by  joy  or  fear.     Pinto  and  Pliny  attribute  it  to 
the  former ;  Varro  and  Columella  to  the  latter. 
Edmcxd  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Rectorj". 

Bumble  Bke  (4"'  S.^iv.  66,  107,  207.)— One 
of  your  learned  correspondents  cilea  bomnie!t-ber- 
(spell  bommet-bic)  as  tlie  Dutch  for  bumble-bea. 
This  is  true,  but  let  me  say  that  Jiomviel-bie  is  of 
more  general  use.  That  the  one  as  well  aa  the- 
other  arc  aound-imltetinir  terms  seems  probable, 
for  it  is  considered  good  idiom,  even  harmonious,  to 
couple  them  and  to  say  de  bie  huiiimek  en  bonmtelt. 
Of  this  interchanj-'e  of  k  and  b,  and  of  Unking  both 
words  in  one  and  the  game  expression,  the  in- 
stances  are  numerous,  e.  g.,  hubbeh  en  bobbeh 
(TUgositii'a,  &(.),  gehult  en  gebult  (humpbacked), 
hoehels  m  baehela  (Aumps  and  fiumps),  &c. 

liommen  and  its  frequentative  bommden  are 
mure  properly  applied  to  the  heavy  sounds  of  a 
drum,  cannon,  or  bell.  PIcnce  bnmmtl  as  a  name 
for  the  big  drimi ;  and  wlien  the  village  bell  rings, 
the  children  often  sing  the  onomato-poetic  song: 
"Bim.bom.bci-cren: 
De  KoatoT  TaoQ  ^ran  eycrea; 


WbI 


las  liy 


dan, 


Rpekindopi  . 
l9  dnt  nict  cen  lekkero  man  1 
Schambach  calls  bamme  a  sort  of  horse  flies  j 
Ilalliwell  bos  b'"iib!ir  for  humble-bee;  and  re- 
cently I  lieard  the  nickname  of  Captain  Bumblea 
given  to  a  man  who  was  known  to  be  ao  awful 
grumbler.  J.  \'A:r  de  Velde. 

W.  C.  B,,  in  bis  remarks  on  "Bumble-bee" 
(4"'  15.  iv.  Kj,  is  in  error,  I  believe,  in  ascribing 
iamhk  to  Chaucer  for  describing;  the  noise  made 
by  the  bittern,  Chaucer's  word  is  biimb : — 
"  And  ns  a  bittour  bumbclh  in  the  myre." 
Drvden  turned  bitmb  into  hHtnp  in  his  vernon 
of  '■  The  Wife  of  Bath's  Tale  "  ;— 

"  And  as  a  bittour  bumps  vlthin  a  reed." 


Balch:  Qubribs  (4"^  S.  iv.  233.)— (1.)  Taking 
the  Post  Office  Directory  for  London,  with  its 
three  millions  of  inhabitants,  as  a  test  for  all 
England,  the  name  Balch  would  not  appear  to  be 
at  all  common.  The  following  mems.  from  the 
Gentleman't  Magrmne  may  perhaps  be  interesting 
to  our  "  American  Cousin  " : — 

"1753.  JlfarcA.— Robert  Balch  returned  aa  U.P.  for 
Bridgewater." 

'■  17B7.  J«at  \i.  (Married.)  Geo.  Ward.  Esq.  to  Mita 
Fran.  Amy  Balch,  second  sister  of  Robt.  Everard  B.,  £aq., 
of  St.  Andries  in  Somersatihire." 

"  1788.  Oct.  le.  {Married),  at  Weat  QuflntockheBt, 
Bev.  Mr.  Rowland  Chambt^  Rentor  of  Tbomlon,  en. 
Clieater,  to  Hlu  Balch,  eldrat  sister  of  Robt.  Everard  B., 
Esq.,  of  St.  Audriei." 

"  1814.  Match.  (Died),  at  St  Aodries,  Geo.  Balch,  Esq, 
the  lut  male  deaceadanc  of  au  andaut  family." 

(2.)  The  supposed  jlfAni'm/ may  poaubly  allude 
to  one  of  our  naval  heroes,  the  gallant  Admiral 
Sir  John  Ballchen,  vrho,  having  charge  of  an 
expedition  against  Brest,  was  separated  from  th« 
rest  of  his  fleet  in  a  storm,  and  in  his  ship,  the 
Victory  of  110  braaa  guna,  with  a  picked  crew  of 
1100  men,  including  a  large  number  of  gentlemen 
volunteers,  was  lost  at  sea  near  Aldemey,  on 
October  4  or  6,  1744.  S.  H.  HaKLOWB. 

St.  JoiiD'a  Wood. 

I  should  Bay  the  name  iB  very  uncommon. 
Loiver,  in  bis  Patrommica  BrUamuca,  says  it  IS 
BU  abbreviation  of  Ealchin,  a  very  old  Teutonic 
personal  name,  in  old  German  Saldechin.  In 
Domesday  Book  a  Balchi  is  mentioned  as  living 
before  the  compilation  of  that  record.  Baldachini 
is  an  Italian,  and  Baldechin  a  German  family  name. 
your  correspondent  had  better  consult  PhilLppa' 
Somerset  t'luilation,  p.  10,  for  Balche  of  Higham, 
CO.  Somerset.  John  Pioaoi,  Jus. 

Smoke  (4'*  S.  iv.  166.) — The  following  conjec- 
tural etymology  of  the  phrase  "  to  smoke  "  may 
amuse  Mb.  Addis,  even  if  he  remain  uncon- 
vinced of  its  correctnesa ; — 

''  A  little  ail,  with  a  flambeau,  lights  him  to  the  car- 
liage,  and  seema  aa  it  were,  '  h  imgwr  dt  refmjw,'  OT 
:it  ws  aaj-  by  corruption,  'to  Mniati  the  itrangtr.'"  — 
.«y  Piicirl-B«ni  ;  Br,  HinU  for  "  A  Rughte  Menit  and 
Conctitcdc  "  Tour,  ^-c.     8vo,  Lomion,  1808,  p.  iivi. 

This  book,  which  is  a  humorous  satire  on  Sir 
.fohn  Carr's  Tow  in  Ireland,  was  written  by 
Edward  Dubois,  and  led  to  an  action  for  libel 
ngajnst  Hood  and  Sharp,  the  publishers,  tried 
before  Lord  Ellenborough  July  25,  1808,  when  a 
verdict  for  the  defendants  was  returned  by  the 
special  jury.  Wiliiau  Bates. 

fiirmingbam. 

EnqiTBTTB  (4*^  S.  iv.  216.) — Permit  me  to  add 
to  that  of  Mr.  Tew  a  further  and  curious  eipl^ 
nation  of  the  figurative  meaning  of  this  wmrd. 
It  is  said  to  be  doe  to  an  old  and  mucfa-rsspectsd' 
gardener  (a  Scotchman,  bj  the  way),  who  snpeiy 


286 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  "^9. 


intended  the  gardens  at  Versailles  when  they  were 
first  laid  out  under  Louis  XIV. 

The  young  gallants  of  the  court  not  being 
particular  where  they  walked  over  the  new-made 
ground;  the  old  gardener  had  labels  placed  to  in- 
dicate where  they  might  go. 

At  first  these  labels  were  not  attended  to ;  but 
in  the  end  it  became  "  the  correct  thing "  (eti- 
quette) to  abstain  from  the  places  by  which  they 
were  warned  by  the  label  or  ticket  (etiquette). 

HiC  ET  T7BIQUE. 

Cansick  (4:^^  S.  iv.  95.) — There  are  several 
families  of  this  name  in  the  county  of  Durham. 

Geo.  Lloyd. 

Crook,  CO.  Durham. 

GLEANmo  (4*'»  S.  iv.  216.)  —  In  some  parts  of 
the  neighbourhood  of  Alford,  Lincolnshire,  it  is 
the  custom  of  some  few  of  the  farmers  to  allow 
the  wives  and  families  of  their  regular  labourers 
to  glean  the  loose  ears  of  corn,  even  among  the 
sheaves.  On  some  farms  the  restrictions  are 
similar  to  those  mentioned  by  your  correspondent 
A  Notts  Parson  ;  but  I  have  found  that  those 
restrictions  are  generally  extended  to  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  village,  as  well  as  to  the  wives  and 
families  of  the  labourers  constantly  employed  on 
the  farm.  Still  I  think  that  the  immemorial 
custom  and  liberty  of  gleaning,  in  any  field  of 
•com  which  has  been  cleared,  is  pretty  generally 
adhered  to  in  the  east  of  Lincolnshire. 

Alfordiensis. 

A  Notts  Parson  seems  indignant  with  some 
of  his  neighbours  for  having  restricted  the  poor 
from  the  immemorial  custom  of  gleaning.  What 
will  he  say  when  I  inform  him  that  the  custom 
is  wholly  prohibited  in  Scotland  ?  Perhaps  some 
of  the  Scotish  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q."  will  favour 
us  with  explanations  on  the  subject  of  such  an 
apparently  narsh  measure.  Liom.  F. 

English  Versions  of  Goethe's  "  Faust  " 
(P^  S.  iii.  452, 540;  iv.  79,  199,  257.)— Jonathan 
Birch's  translation,  vol.  i.  1839,  has  a  preface  of 
six  pages  (vii.-xiv.),  and  vol.  ii.,  1843,  a  preface 
of  twenty-seven  pages  (vii.-xxxiii.).  Leopold  J. 
Bemay's  1839  translation  of  part  ii.  has  a  preface 
of  ten  pages  (ix.-xviii.)  and  a  note  on  the  Cabiri 
of  two  pages  (xix.-xx.)  E.  B. 

Highgnte. 

Parrots  (4***  S.  iii.  554.)  —  I  have  a  green 
parrot  of  the  genus  known  as  Psttiacus  festivusj 
which  from  its  habits  and  voice  I  believe  to  be  a 
female.  I  have  no  other  means  of  knowing.  I 
should  suppose,  however,  that  the  plumage  of  the 
male  and  female  in  each  genus  of  the  parrot  tribe 
is  as  marked  and  distinct  as  that  of  any  other 
birds.  Probably  the  person  in  charge  of  the 
aviary  in  Regent's  Park  would  be  able  to  tell  the 
eex  of  a  single  bird  from  its  plumage.    My  parrot 


holds  its  food  with  the  right  claw.  It  will  take 
food  with  the  left  if  offered  on  that  side,  but  in- 
variably and  immediately  she  shifts  it  to  the 
right  I  have  seen  her  picking  a  bone  for  a  quarter 
of  an  hour  at  a  time,  or  more,  and  retaining  it  by 
the  right  claw  until  done  with. 

Georoe  Lloyd. 

Crook,  South  Durham. 

Archbishop  Parker's  Arms  (4''>  S.  iv.  216) 
AND  those  of  Tobias  Mathew. — The  divinity- 
reading  public  is  familiar  with  Archbishop  Par- 
ker's arms,  as  they  are  stamped  on  every  one  of 
the  Parker  Society's  many  volumes.  I  forget  the 
tinctures,  but  the  arms  are  on  a  chevron  between 
three  keys  erect,  as  many  estoiles.  Those  quoted  by 
Mr.  Boyle  are  not  the  archbishop's  arms. 

Some  one  inquired  lately  for  the  arms  of  Arch- 
bishop Mathew.  On  his  new  tomb  at  York  they  ' 
are  given — Sable  a  lion  rampant  or.  The  usual 
coat  assigned  is — Sable  a  lion  rampant  argent; 
and  I  believe  the  College  of  Arms  bears  out  the 
latter.  P.  P. 

Dead  Donkeys  (4"»  S.  iv.  134.) — Dead  don- 
keys do  not  evaporate.    I  believe  I  have  seen 
three.   R.  0.  L.  need  be  under  no  perplexity.  Let 
him  do  just  as  he  would  do  were  it  a  dead  horse. 
^  P.P. 

"Rattlin  Roarin  Willie"  (4t»»S.iv.  185.)  — 
A  complete  account  of  this  song  and  its  hero,  in- 
cluding three  recovered  stanzas,  is  to  be  fouxid  in 
R.  Chambers's  Sm^s  of  Scotlatid  prior  to  Bums, 
p.  136.  R.  R. 

Fig  Sunday  (4*»»  S.  iii.  553.)— My  father  in- 
variably maintained  the  customs  of  his  fathexs. 
Consequently  from  my  earliest  recollections  I  re- 
member that  at  Bromley  in  Kent,  where  he 
resided,  he  had  a  plate  of  figs  on  his  table  after 
dinner  on  Palm  Sunday.  He  was  an  Oxfordshire 
man,  bom  at  Bicester.  Being  away  from  my 
library  I  am  unable  to  refer  to  his  History  of 
Bicester  to  see  whether  he  has  mentioned  the 
custom  in  that  work.       Alfred  John  Dunkin. 

44,  Bess  borough  Gardens,  South  Belgravia. 

The  First  Book  Machine-printed  in  Eire- 
LAND  (4***  S.  iii.  583.) — Apropos  of  stereotyping 
and  printing,  it  is  well  worthy  of  a  note  that 
Waterton's  Wanderings,  in  4to,  was  the  first  book 
printed  by  steam  machine  in  England — of  course 
by  Augustus  Applegath. 

Alfred  John  Dunkht. 

Herringthorpe  (4'*^  S.  iv.  233.) — In  a  topo- 
graphical dictionary  of  Yorkshire  (2nd  edit,  by 
Thos.  Langdale,  1822)  your  correspondent  Tbb- 
OAR  will  find  Hcrringtnorpe  is  a  namlet  in  the 
township  and  parish  of  Whiston,  West  Riding  of 
Yorkshire,  two  miles  from  Rotherham. 

W.  Newsomb. 


4*  S.  IV.  Oct.  2,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


287 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

A  Glossary  of  Cornish  Names^  Local  and  Family,  Ancient 
and  Modern^  Celtic^  Teutonic,  Sfc,  By  the  Rev.  John 
Bannister,  LL.D.,  Vicar  of  St.  Day.  Part  /.  (Nether- 
ton,  Truro.) 

This  instalment  is  of  exceedingly  good  promise,  in  a 
very  interesting  field.  The  author*  is  obviously  a  good 
comparative  philologist,  in  the  departments  requisite  for 
his  task,  and  from  the  modest  assignment  of  many  cor- 
rect conclusions  to  the  class  of  guesses  and  probabilities, 
not  inclined  to  ride  his  hobby  too  hard.  In  this  first 
part,  three  large  classes  of  compound  words  are  given  : 
1.  Those  connected  with  Bo  (Welch  Bod),  a  dwelling- 
place;  2.  Cam  (a  verv  common  element  in  Cornwall); 
3.  Chy  (Welch  Ty),  a'house. 

The  treatment  of  these  sufficiently  shows  that  we  may 
look  for  many  illustrations  of  the  consistency  of  letter- 
changes,  and  the  uniform  use  of  descriptive  nouns, 
throughout  the  various  Celtic  dialects  of  these  islands. 
Of  course  the  physical  features  of  Cornwall  will  explain 
the  comparative  absence  of  "river"  and  frequency  of 
**  down "  or  "  common,"  in  words  subsequently  to  be 
noticed 

This  work  will  probably  show  that  many  local  desig- 
nations— partly  Celtic,  partly  Saxon  —  have  duplicates 
(so  to  speak)  much  farther  east  (than  is  generally  sup- 
posed) of  a  line  drawn  from  Chester  to  Chepstow. 

7*he  Idylls  and  Epigrams  commonly  attributed  to  Theo- 
critus. With  English  Notes  by  Herbert  Snow,  M.A. 
Assistant  Master  at  Eton,  &.c.    (Clarendon  Press.) 

The  new  volume  of  "The  Clarendon  Press  Series" 
contains  Paley's  text  of  the  Idylls,  while  in  the  Epigrams 
the  editor  has  followed  that  of  Meinecke,  accompanied 
by  notes  devoted  rather  to  illustration  than  criticism,  and 
calculated  to  give  such  help  as  would  be  required  by 
boys  in  the  higher  fonns  of  schools,  and  by  remarks  not 
beneath  the  notice  of  men  reading  Classics  at  the  Univer- 
sities. 

Under  the  Peak ;  or  Jottings  in  Verse.  Written,  during 
a  lengthened  liesidence  in  the  Otlony  of  Hong  Kong,  by 
William  T.  Mercer,  M.A.     (Ilotten.) 

If  written  to  relieve  "  the  drudgery  of  a  colonial  execu- 
tive," this  little  volume  of  pleasant  verse  needs  not  that 
excuse  for  any  sliortcomings,  for  it  abounds  in  evidence 
of  good  scholarship  and  real  poetical  feeling. 

Julius  Qesar :  Did  he  cross  the  Channel  ?  Reviewed  by 
John  Wainwri^^ht.     (Russell  Smith.) 

This  is  a  review  by  an  accomplished  American  gentle- 
man of  the  pamphlet  by  the  Rev.  Scott  Surtees,  noticed 
by  us  some  time  since;  the  writer  of  which,  removing 
the  Monni  <»f  Ca'>ar  from  the  coast  of  Kent  to  that  of 
Norfolk,  contended  that  Cajsar  never  set  foot  at  Boulogne 
or  Calais,  and  never  crossed  the  Channel  or  set  eyes  on 
Deal  or  Dover.  Mr.  Wainwright  attacked  this  heresy  in 
a  series  of  letter?!  in  the  Doncaster  Gazette,  which  form 
the  basis  of  the  present  little  volume. 

Shakespkarr  and  the  University  of  Londox.— 
Our  attention  has  been  called  to  the  circumstance  that, 
among  the  statues  which  adorn  the  very  handsome  front 
in  Burlington  Gardens  of  the  building  intended  for  the 
University  of  Ixindon,  Shakespeare  has  not  found  a  place. 
Over  the  principal  entrance  there  are  positions  assigned 
to  four  of  our  noblest  worthies.  Newton,  Milton,  and 
Harvey  take  their  stand  in  these  places  of  honoar  by  un- 


questioned and  unquestionable  right.  Between  Newton 
and  Milton  there  is  room  for  another  of  our  intellectual 
heroes.  Surely  this  was  the  place  for  Shakespeare  ;  bat 
we  find  it  filled  by  Jeremy  JBentham  I  and  Shakespeare 
is  altogether  omitted.  Is  there  not  some  mistake  here  ? 
Or  is  it  intended  to  do  greater  honour  to  Shakespeare  by 
placing  his  statue  in  some  central  hall,  or  some  more 
prominent  position.  Even  if  that  be  the  design,  how 
comes  it  that  Bacon  is  stationed  in  a  comer  by  the  Burling- 
ton Arcade,  and  the  great  glory  of  compaiuonship  with 
Newton  and  Milton  assigned  to  Bentham  ? 


BOOKS    AND    ODD   VOLUMES 

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Particulars  of  Price,  ftc.,  of  the  fbllowing  Books  to  be  tent  direct  lo 
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are  given  for  that  parpose:  — 

Carlislr's  Endowed  Gramhar  Sguools. 

FivK  Yrars  at  an  English  Uni>'RR8ity,  by  Charles  Astor  Bristed. 

The  Book  of  British  Ballads,  edited  by  S.  C.  Hall. 

Suutsm  CORDA,  by  F.  E.  Paget,  M.A.,  Bector  of  Elford. 

Wanted  by  the  Hev.  John  Pick/orti,  M.A.,  Bolton-Percy,  near 

Tadcatter. 


Princep's  Essays  ox  ijimAs  Antiquities. 
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T.  Milton's  Views  in  Ireland.   Oblong  folio. 
Arcujbolooia.    Vol.  XXXVIII.    Or  the  first  part. 
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GOOD  DINNER  SHERRY, 

At  t4s.  and  30s.  per  dozen. 

Superior  Golden  Sherrr aiU.aad4lk 

Choice  Sherry-Jale,  Golden,  or  Brown. . .  .48*.,  51s.,  and  0Qs. 

UOCK  and  MOSELLE, 
At  tis.,  30b.,  Xt.,  4t«.,  48*.,  aOs.,  and  8U. 

Port  from  flrst-class  Shippers aOs.3Bs.4li. 

Very  Choice  Old  Port 48s.  6Qs.  71s.  Ms. 

CHAMPAGNE, 

At  36f .,  4tt.,  48s.,  and  6Qs. 

Hochhelmer.  Maroobrunner,  Rudeshcimer,  Steinberg.  Liebfranmndi, 
6<k.;  Johanntsberffcr  and  Steinberger,  Tin.,  81«.,  to  lite.i  Braunberaert 
Orunhauven,  and  Scharzberg,  48*.  to  81s.;  sparkling  Moselle,  4Bs.,  Ma., 
66*.,  78*.  I  verv  choice  Champagne,  66*.,  78a.;  fine  old  Sack,  Malmsey, 
Frontisnac  Vermuth, Cunstantia^LachrymK  Christi, Imperial  Tokay, 
and  otner  rare  wines.  Fine  old  Pale  Cognac  Brandy,  fSOt.  and  TSi.  per 
dozen.    Foreign  Liqueurs  of  evenr  description. 

On  receipt  of  a  Post  Office  ordiBr,  or  reference,  any  quantity  will  be 
forwarded  Immediately  by 

HEDGES  &  BTTTLER, 

LONDON:  105,  REGENT  STREET,  W. 

Brighton:  30,  King's  Road, 

(Originally  Established  ▲.]>.  1667). 


4*  S.  IV.  Oct.  9,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


289 


LONDON,  SATURDATy  OCTOBER  9,  1869. 


CONTENTS.— No  93. 


NOTES:  —  Longevity  and  Centenarianism,  289  — Cowper*8 
Mother's  Picture,  290—  Wy veil  and  Badlesmere  Arms.  lb, 

—  Unpublished  Letter  of  Lord  Byron,  291  —  Wanted, 
a  Peeress  —  Inscription  on  the  Great  Clock  at  Westmin- 
ster —  "A  Little  Bird  told  me "  — Chaucer's  Parallels: 
"  The  Knightes  Tale  "  and  "  Troilus  and  Cressida  "—Drum 

—  Leeuwenhoek's  Epitaph  —  The  Word  "  Desire  *'  —  Eng- 
glish  Wines  —  Lord  Byron's  Separation  flrom  bis  Wife, 
292. 

QUERIES :— Barralet  —  Benedictional  Queries  —  **  Dalziel's 
Illustrated  Bible "  —  Dr.  Donne,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's  — 
Etonian  Periodical  —  William  Fuller— Gallimatias—Micha 
Hail  — Hanging  or  Marrying  — "  Holland's  Leaguer"  — 
"  LcAves  from  my  Log  "  —  MeAo^  —  Montrose  Family  — 
Did  Milton  believe  in  Astrology  ?—  Polish  Wives  —  James 
Bees  -  Chronique  du  Eoi  Richard  IL  —  Rothwell  Crypt 
*  and  Naat'by  Battle  —  Valor  Ecclesiasticus  —  Yorkshire 
Ballad,  293. 

QmniBS  WITH  Awswers  :— Byron :  Barbauld  —  Sir  George 
Mackenzie's  Poem  — Danvers  Family  —  Liberal  Arts  — 
St.  Alkelda  —  Uildyard  Motto,  296. 

&EPLISS:  —  The  Battle  of  Biggar  and  Blind  Harry,  297  — 
Horat.  Carm.  i.  28  — 'ETriovaio?,  299  — Miss  Benger,  300 

—  Emblems  wanted,  i^.  —  The  Tauchnitz  Testament,  801 

—  Otfnae :  Shelves  in  Wiltshire,  302  —  La  Salette  —  Serfs  — 
The  Dodo  —  Milton's  Handwriting  —  Erse  Words  denot- 
ing^ the  Moon  —  The  Seven  Ages  of  Man  —  St.  DoiUough  — 
Gough,  a  Surname— Brunette  Latin i— Hogarth's  "  Lady's 
Last  Stake  "  —  The  Taurobolium  and  Kriobolium  —  Cob- 
ham  Family  —  Regent's  Canal  —  Reremouse  —  Samuel 
Speed  —  Chaucer's  Chronology,  Ac.,  302. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


finite. 

LONGEVITY  AND  CENTENARIANISM. 

The  prorogration  of  Parliament  and  the  closing 
of  the  Law  Courts  have  this  year  been  followed, 
according  to  long  established  custom,  by  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  usual  crop  of  centenarians. 

It  is  satisfactory  to  find,  however,  that  they  are 
this  season  somewhat  scarcer  than  usual,  and, 
what  is  still  more  satisfactory,  the  reporters  of 
them,  instead  of  their  wonted  positiveness,  in 
some  instances  modestly  qualify  their  statements 
with  some  such  addition  as  "  who  is  said  to  be." 

This  is  an  improvement ;  but  there  is  one  pecu- 
liarity still  as  prominent  as  ever.  The  cases, 
almost  without  exception,  refer  to  persons  in  the 
lowest  ranks  of  life — among  the  class  which  is, 
on  the  one  hand,  from  the  privations  to  which 
it  is  exposed,  the  least  favourable  to  longevity ; 
and  on  the  other,  from  obvious  causes,  that  in 
which  it  is  most  diificult  to  trace  the  identity  of 
the  individual,  so  as  to  show,  what  is  essential, 
that  the  certificate  of  birth  or  baptism,  and  the 
certificate  of  death,  refer  to  the  same  John  Smith 
or  Mary  Brown. 

I  hrtve  been  invited  to  investigate  some  of  these 
cases;  but  such  an  investigation  would  entail 
upon  me  an  expenditure  of  time,  labour,  and 
means  which  I  cannot  aflord.     I  prefer,  therefore, 


to  call  the  attention  of  the  public  generally,  and 
of  the  purveyors  of  such  paragraphs  to  the  London 
and  provincial  journals  more  particularly,  to  some 
few  points  connected  with  longevity  which  are 
too  freq uently  overlooked  by  them  in  their  anxiety 
to  supply  the  reading  pubhc  with  something  that 
shall  astonish  them. 

In  the  first  place^  it  must  be  borne  in  mind 
that  modem  experience  (as  shown  by  the  records 
of  our  insurance  offices)  confirms  the  words  of  the 
Psalmist,  that  ^^  the  days  of  our  years  are  three- 
score years  and  ten ;  and  if  by  reason  of  strength 
they  be  fourscore  years,  yet  is  their  strength 
labour  and  sorrow;  for  it  is  soon  cut  off,  and  we  fiy 
away  \  **  and  the  yet  more  emphatic  declaration  of 
the  son  of  Sirach,  *^  the  number  of  a  man's  days  at 
the  most  are  an  hundred  years  ;*^  and  that^  in  the 
civil  law,  the  presumption  of  life  ceases  at  the 
expiration  of  one  hundred  years  from  the  date  of 
birth :  "  Vivere  etiam  usque  ad  centum  annos  qui- 
libet  presumitur,  nisi  probatus  mortuus."  Wnile 
the  researches  of  the  Kegistrar-General  (to  w^ch 
I  may  on  some  future  occasion  call  more  parti- 
cular attention),  and  the  test  furnished  by  our 
insurance  offices,  serve  to  show  that  the  chances 
against  any  individual  attaining  the  age  of  100 
years  are  enormous ;  that  the  chances  against  his 
attaining  101,  102, 103, 104,  or  105,  are  jropor- 
tionably  increased;  and,  therefore,  exactly  in  that 
proportion  does  it  become  necessary  that  the  eyi- 
dence  in  support  of  cases  of  alleged  centenarianism 
should  be  the  more  clear,  distinct,  and  indis- 
putable. All,  therefore,  wno  communicate  to  the 
papers  instances  of  longevity,  are  bound  to  accom- 
pany such  statements  with  the  evidence  on  which 
they  are  founded. 

In  defiance,  however,  of  that  important  rule  of 
law,  that  he  who  brings  forward  a  charge  or  state- 
ment is  bound  to  support  it  by  proof,  and  not 
leave  upon  those  who  deny  it  the  onus  of  dis- 
proving it, — "  Ei  incumbit  probatio  qui  dicit,  non 
qui  negat,'' — not  one  in  a  dozen  of  these  cases  of 
alleged  centenarianism  is  accompanied  by  the 
slightest  attempt  to  prove  its  truth. 

If  The  Times  and  other  influential  journals 
would  steadily  refuse  t%  insert  any  case  of  cente- 
narianism which  was  unaccompanied  by  a  reasonr 
able  amount  of  evidence  that  it  had  some  founda- 
tion in  fact,  good  service  would  be  done  to  the 
cause  of  historical  truth ;  and  the  attempts  to  solve 
the  important  social  and  physiological  question. 
"  What  is  the  average  duration  of  human  life  ? 
would  be  freed  from  many  of  the  unfounded  state- 
ments so  recklessly  thrown  in  the  way  of  those 
inquirers  who  are  earnestly  endeavouring  to  solve 
this  interesting  problem. 

William  J.  Thoms. 
40,  St.  George's  Square,  S.W. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


t4*  S.  lY.  Oct.  9,  '8ft 


COWPER'S  MOTHER'S  PICTURE. 

The  following  remiirks  are  intended  chiefly  to 
Bpplj  to  two  conlroverted  points;  1.  The  cause 
of  Cowper'e  insanity;  2.  Natural  herituKe. 

The  circumstancBs  under  which  those  eiqul- 
'  Mt«ly  tender  lines  commencinff — 


were  written  will  be  familiar  to  the' readers  of 
"N.  &  Q."  Tliey  were,  as  the  poet  tells  us, 
"  Written  on  the  receipt  of  my  Mother's  Picture 
from  Norfolk,  the  Uift  of  my  Cousin  Ann 
Bodhara." 

Id  Southev's  Life  of  Cowper  there  is  an  en- 
gtaving  of  ttis  lady,  by  Harvey,  "  copied  from 
the  onginal."  She  is  liere  represented  ns  beiog 
exceedingly  beautiful,  but  as  timid  as  a  young 
fawn.  The  whole  figure,  and  eepecially  the  face, 
is  marked  by  great  refinement  and  sensibility. 
She  died  very  young,  bein^  only  in  her  thirty- 
first  year.  If  the  doctrine  ot  pars  tequitwr  utntmii 
holds  good,  as  both  ancient  and  many  modems 
believe  it  does,  there  can  be  little  doubt  that 
Cowper  received  his  genius  and  morbid  sensibility 
from  the  maternal  line.  The  poet  believed  so 
himself 

In  ft  letter  to  his  cousin  Mrs.  Bodhnm,  of  Feb,  27, 
1790,  he  says :  — 

"  Uy  Deatejt  Rose, 

"  Every  creature  tbat  besm  any  affinity  to  my  mother 
is  dear  to  me,  and  yon,  the  daughter  of  bet  brother,  are 
bat  one  remove  diaCHDt  from  her :  1  love  you,  therefore, 
and  love  yon  much,  both  for  her  nahe  anil  your  own. 
The  world  could  not  have  furoiahed  you  with  a  present 
so  aeoeptable  to  me  na  the  picture  which  you  have  Itindly 
kqC  mc.  I  received  it  the  night  before  lut,  and  viewed 
it  with  a  trepidation  of  nerves  and  spirits  somewhat  akin 
to  what  I  Bhonld  have  felt  had  the  dear  original  pre- 
sented herself  to  mv  coibraces.  I  kiascd  it.  and  hung  it 
where  it  is— the  last  object  that  I  see  at  ni-;ht,  and,  of 
course,  the  first  on  which  I  open  my  ej-es  in  tha  momiDg. 
She  died  when  I  completed  my  (ijtth  year ;  yet  I  remem- 
ber her  well,  and  am  an  ooulat  witness  of  the  great 
fidallty  ofthecopy.  I  remember,  tot^a  multitade  of  tlic 
maternal  tendernesses  nhieh  I  received  from  her,  and 
which  have  endtared  licr  i*tmorj-  to  mo  beyond  ex- 
prauoD. 

"  There  a  in  me,  I  believe,  more  of  the  Donne  than 
the  Cowper ;  and  though  I  love  all  of  both  name*,  and 
]uv«  a  thousand  reasons  to  love  those  of  my  own  name, 
yet  I  feel  tho  bond  of  nature  draw  mo  vchementlv  to 
yonr  ^de.  I  was  thought  in  the  days  of  my  childhood 
much  to  resemble  my  mother  i  and  in  my  natural  temper, 
of  which  at  the  age  of  GS  I  must  be  supposed  to  be  a 
competent  judne,  can  trace  both  her  and  my  late  aocle 

four  father.  Somewhat  of  his  excitability,  and  a  little, 
would  hope,  both  of  his  and  her I  know  not  what 


«call  it 


ck; 


ncestor  the  Dt>an  of  St. 
e  proved  myselra  Donne 


In  another  letter  to  his  counn  Lady  Hesketb^ 

I  his  kind  and  loug^tried  friend,  he  says :  — 

I      "  I  am  delights  with  Hra.  Bodbam's  kindncn  in 

S'ving  ma  the  only  picture  ot  my  own  motbtr  tbat  iit* 
found,  I  suppose,  in  al!  the  world.  I  had  raOwrpota* 
I'rthan  thorichestjewelintbeBritishcrown,  for  Iloved 
her  witti  an  affection  that  her  death,  52  yeara  since,  has 
Dot  in  the  leaal  abated. 

■'  I  remember  her  too,  young  aa  I  wa>  when  dn  diad, 
well  enough  to  know  that  it  is  a  very  exact  reumblaiiee 
of  her,  and  as  such  it  is  to  me  invaluable.  Everybody 
;  loved  her;  and  with  an  amiable  character  so  impnssed 
upon  all  her  feolures,  evrrybody  was  sure  to  do  >o. 

1  should  be  obliged  if  sny  of  the  readen  of 
!  "N,  &  Q."  could  inform  me  into  whose  posaeanon 
I  the  original  painting  has  now  passed  P  It  mnat 
.  be  an  object  of  peculiar  interest.  ^ 

I      The  last  letter  I  shall  quote  is  from  bis  friend  and 
biographer,  Hayley  the  poet,  in  which  he  sayBs — 
"  I  shall  be  glad  if  you  have  seen  Johnny,  ai  I  oaD 

a  bird.  It  costs  hhn  always  2  or  3  days  to  opem  Ui 
mouth  before  u  stranger,  but  when  he  does  he  is  son  to 
please.  His  sister,  too,  is  one  of  my  idola,  for  the  loam- 
blancc  she  bears  to  my  mother." 

From  these  data  I  infer  that  it  is  erroneooa  to 
conclude  that  disappointed  love  was  the  sole  catHe 
'  of  Cowper's  insanity.  Ilig  love  was  not  tini:^ 
<  quited,  but  was  most  tenderly  leciprocated.  Hia 
cousin  Theodora  Ashley  (who  vras  a  youngai 
sister  to  his  steadfast  friend  Lady  Heskoth)  never 
married  another;  but  cherished  for  bim  the  same 
devoted  affection  to  the  end  of  n  long  life,  daring 
which  he  received  many  substantial  tohens  of  her 
bounty  and  kindness.  A  short  time  before  her 
death,  which  took  place  many  years  after  that  of 
the  poet,  she  left  a  sealed  packet  of  his  letter) 
and  sonnets  to  her,  which  was  not  to  be  opened 
till  after  her  decease. 

On  both  sides,  then,  it  was  a  mutual  sactiflce: 
on  hers,  that  of  filial  duty,  not  to  oppose  tha 
wishes  of  her  father,  who  thought  the  maniagv 
of  first  cousins  objectionable ;  and  on  his  a  aeaae 
of  honour,  which  would  not  permit  him  to  uigs 
her  to  an  act  that  her  father  condemned. 

The  real  cause  of  bis  malady  was,  donbtleai, 
constitutional  or  organic  in  combination  with  « 
strong  predisposition  to  a  morbid  sensilulilj', 
and  which  various  circumstances,  and  even  tha 
weather,  sppeai  to  have  largely  influenced.       A. 


WYTELL  AND  BADLESMERE  ARMS. 
I  have  in  my  possession  a  large  piece  of  dark 
oak,  on  which  the  following  arms  are  carved :  — 
1.  Ou.  three  chevronels  interlaced  in  base  vair, 
a  chief  or.  charged  with  amullet.  ( Wy  veil).  3.  Ax. 
a  bend  or.  over  all  a  label  of  three  points  ar. 
(Scrope  of  Masham).  3.  Az.  a  chief  indented  or. 
(Fitz-Randolph).  4.  So.  three  pickaxes  ar.  witit 
a  crescent  for  difference.  (Pignt).  ImpaUog 
(juarterly  1  and  4,  az.  a  bend  or.  (Scrcpe  <a{Bf^ 


i«h  S.  IV.  Oct.  9,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


291 


ton) ;  2  and  3,  ar.  a  sal  tire  engrailed  gu.  (Tiptoft). 
Quartering  2  and  3,  ar.  a  fesse  double  cottised  gu. 
(Badlesmere).  The  whole  diiferenced  with  a  cres- 
cent. Supporters :  dexter  a  wyvem ;  sinister,  a 
Comish  chough  accompanied  by  another  bird. 
These  were  the  armorial  bearings  of  Christopher 
Wyvell  {temp.  Queen  Mary),  who  married  Mar- 
garet, daughter  of  the  Hon.  John  Scrope,  younger 
8on  of  Henry  Lord  Scrope  of  Bolton,  by  Eliza- 
beth his  wife,  daughter  of  Henry  Percy,  Earl  of 
Northumberland.  My  kinsman,  the  late  Roger 
Dawson  of  Middlcham  House,  attorney- at-law, 
having  married  Alice  Dinsdale,  who  was  through 
Francis  Wyvell,  Rector  of  Spennithome,  York- 
shire, descended  from  Christopher  Wyvell  and 
Margaret  Scrope — to  whom  the  carving  in  my 
possession  belonged— I  should  deem  it  a  favour 
if  a  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  can  suggest  any  reason 
why  the  Tiptoft  arras  should  have  been  carved 
as  the  second  and  third  quarterings  to  the  Scrope 
anns ;  and  why  the  Badlesmere  arms,  which  came 
to  the  Tibetot  or  Tiptoft  family  by  the  marriage 
of  John  de  Tibetot  with  Margaret,  sister  and 
co-heir  of  Giles  Lord  Badlesmere,  should  appear 
as  a  minor  quartering.  Roger  le  Scrope,  Baron 
Scrope  of  Bolton,  married  Margaret,  daughter  of 
Robert  Lord  Tibetot,  or  Tiptoft,  and  the  arms  of 
Scrope  and  Tiptoft  were  borne  quarterly,  as,  for 
instance,  on  the  monumental  brass  of  Elizabeth 
(Scrope)  Countess  of  Oxford  at  Wivenhoe,  Essex ; 
but  I  cannot  imagine  why  the  arms  of  Badlesmere 
should  have  been  borne  otherwise  than  as  a  quar- 
tering introduced  through  the  Tiptoft  alliance.  I 
should  have  supposed  the  arms  ought  to  have 
been  carved  thus:  1.  Scrope;  2.  Tiptoft;  3. 
Badlesmere ;  4.  Scrope ;  unless  some  reason  exists 
■why  they  were  carved  as  they  are  on  the  piece 
of  oak  in  my  possession.  I  should  be  glad  to 
be  informed  why  a  bird  is  represented  as  accom- 
panying the  Cornish  chough,  which  was  used  as 
a  supporter  by  the  Scropes.  I  have  somewhere 
met  with  particulars  on  this  point,  but  cannot 
call  them  to  mind.  In  the  Visitation  of  Surrey, 
Marmaduke  Wyvell,  grandson  of  Christopher 
Wyvell  and  ^largaret  Scrope,  is  represented  to 
have  been  entitled  to  a  shield  of  twenty-seven 
quarterings,  as  will  be  seen  in  Part  x.  of  The 
Herald  and  Genealogist,  On  the  carving  in  my 
possession  the  Pigot  arms  are  represented  as  the 
fourth  quartering ;  whereas,  in  the  Visitation  of 
Surrey,  the  same  coat  appears  correctly  as  the 
second  quartering,  and  the  arms  of  Fitz-Randolph 
and  Scrope  as  the  third  and  fourth  quarterings. 
May  I  venture  to  ask  your  correspondent  Heb- 
MENTRUDE,  or  some  reader  of  ''  N.  &  Q.''  who  has 
access  to  a  better  heraldic  and  genealogical  library 
than  I  possess,  to  be  so  kind  as  to  explain  how 
some  of  the  quarterings,  especially  those  of  Wake 
and  Bruere,  or  Brewer,  were  brought  in  P  There 
is  a  little  confusion  with  regard  to  the  position  of  a 


few  of  the  quarterings  represented  in  the  Visitation 
of  Surrey  as  belonging  to  the  Wyvell  family :  for 
instance,  the  arms  of  Burgh  are  made  to  succeed 
those  of  De  la  Pole,  though  they  were  the  arms 
of  Elizabeth  de  Burgh,  who  married  Sir  John 
Ingoldesthorpe,  whose  son  Thomas  married  ])iar- 
garet,  daughter  and  heir  of  Walter  de  la  Pole  of 
Sawston,  Cambridgeshire. 

R.  D.  Dawson-Dufpield,  LL.D. 
Sephton  Rectory,  Liverpool. 


UNPUBLISHED  LETTER  OF  LORD  BYRON. 

Thinking  with  F.  C.  H.  (4^»»  S.  iv.  260)  that 
"every  fragment  of  Byron's  writing  hitherto  un- 
published can  hardly  fail  to  be  acceptable/'  I  tran- 
scribe an  autograph  letter  of  the  noble  poet,  which 
his  correspondent  at  Leghorn  gave  a  friend  of 
mine  many  years  ago.  It  shows  that  he  had  not 
a  very  exalted  idea  of  the  people  generally  among 
whom  he  had  chosen  to  live :  — 

"  Genoa,  April  19%  1823. 
"Dear  Sir, — I  have  had  a  letter  from  S' 
Giuliani,  informing  me  that  he  has  re-mended  the 
watch|  and  wants  to  have  a  price  fixed  for  the 
box  with  the  portraits  of  the  Emperor,*  Empress, 
and  their  son.  I  should  like  to  have  it  valued 
out  of  curiosity — ^but  whatever  value  may  be  set 
upon  it,  I  shall  not  take  less  than  a  hundred 
Guineas — and  it  is  perhaps  worth  more,  as  the 
portraits,  two  at  least,  are  original,  and  the  whole 
of  Parisian  workmanship. — With  regard  to  the 
Tortoise-shell  box,  or  wnatever  box  the  other  is 
that  they  are  haggling  about — I  shall  not  abate  a 
centime  of  the  estimate  I  fixed  upon — they  may 
buy  or  not  as  they  please.  I  am  sorry  to  give 
you  this  trouble — but  it  is  not  altogether  my 
fault — and  there  is  no  one  else  in  Tuscany  whom 
I  could  trust  with  the  depossit.  {Sic\  I  have 
had,  as  you  perhaps  know,  a  petty  lawsuit  at 
Pisa,  and  one  with  a  fellow  called  Dupoujr  at 
Leghorn.  During  my  absence  they  have  gained 
(at  least  the  Pisan  rascal),  and  you  know  what 
kind  of  justice  the  Tuscans  administer  to  foreigners. 
It  is  possible,  I  suppose,  that  tliey  might  try  to 
get  hold  of  any  property  of  mine  in  your  hands — 
in  that  case,  you  will,  I  pray,  keep  a  good  look 
out — and  throw  it  into  the  sea — or  send  it  off 
here— or  do  anything  with  it — rather  than  permit 
these  scoundrels  to  profit  by  their  rascality.  I 
assure  you  I  would  rather  lose  it  altogether, 
than  that  they  should  have  a  sixpence.  Recom- 
mending this  in  particular  to  your  attention,  I 
have  the  honour  to  be  y'  obliged 

"  &  obed*  Ser*, 

"N.B." 

Is  it  known  what  became  of  those  portraits  of 
the  imperial  family  of  France  ?  P.  A.  L. 

*  Napoleon,  Marie-Louise,  and  the  King  of  Rome. 


292 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«h  S.  IV.  Oct.  9,  W. 


Wanted,  a  Peeress.  —  Can  you  inform  me 

whether  the  following  advertisement  was  a  bonfi, 

fide  one,  and  if  so,  who  was  the  nobleman  ? — 

"  Ladies. — If  it  could  be  supposed  that  any  Lady, 
merely  from  the  ambition  of  becoming  a  Peered  of  the 
Realm,  could  give  up  her  liberty,  and  a  considerable 
fortune,  to  a  man  who  would  be  unworthy  of  it ;  this  is 
not  meant  to  be  directed  to  any  such  woman ! — But  if, 
on  the  contrary,  this  should  meet  the  eyes  of  a  Lady  of 
honour,  whose  sentiments  are  formed  to  adorn  such  a 
distinguished  rank  in  life,  she  is  intreated  not  to  judge 
unfavourably  of  this  publication. — For  an  investigation, 
either  made  by  herself,  or  by  any  deputed  relation,  or 
confidante  of  respectability,  she  will  be  peifcctly  satisfied 
of  the  motives  which  have  preferred  a  public  to  a  private 
address — that  it  comes  from  a  Nobleman,  to  whose  vears, 

{>erson  or  morals  (it  is  presumed)  there  cannot  oe  the 
east  objection;  and  that  her  fortune,  however  large 
(and  it  must  be  of  some  consequence,  and  in  possession), 
shall  be  chiefly  settled  upon  herself. 

**  Letters  are  requested  to  be  addressed  to  the  care  of 
Mr.  Barwell,  No.  24,  Noel  Street,  Berwick  Street,  Soho, 
London."— 7%c  Chester  Chronicle  of  Marcli  27. 1795. 

II.  P.  Forrest. 

Inscription  on  the  Great  Clock  at  West-' 
MINSTER. — Walking  along  the  Thames  Embank- 
ment the  other  day,  I  read  for  the  first  time  the 
inscription  under  the  face  of  the  great  clock  of 
the  Houses  of  Parliament.  It  is  as  follows : — 
"  Domine  salvam  fac  reginam  nostram  Victoriam 
pritnam,"  The  glaring  absurdity  of  primam  will 
perhaps  more  clearly  appear  when  I  tell  you  that 
a  near  relation  of  my  own  was  once  acute  enough 
to  discover  (as  a  solicitor)  that  a  deed  had  been 
forged  by  its  beginning,  ''This  Indenture  made 

the  day  of  in  the  year  of  our 

Sovereign  Lord  King  Charles  the  FirstJ^  &c. 
Until  there  has  been  a  second  Queen  Victoria  why 
need  we  speak  of  the  first  ?  Lord  Macaulay^s  often- 
quoted  New  Zealander  will  surely  pronounce  the 
inscription  I  have  drawn  attention  to  not  a  con- 
temporaneous one.  While  on  this  topic,  may  I 
be  sullowed  to  mention  that  a  friend  pointed  out  a 
grammatical  blunder  in  the  inscription  over  the 
north  door  (inside)  of  Westminster  Hall — "  Do- 
mine salvam  fac  regina ''  p  Armiger. 

'^A  Little  Bird  told  me." — In  Scott*s  Sir 
Tristrein  (fytte  ii.  verse  23)  there  is  a  curious 
rendering  of  this  proverb — "  A  swalu  ich  herd 
sing, " 


»> 


Does  not  the  phrase  come  from  the  world-wide 
story  of  a  bird — a  parrot  or  magpie — telling  tales 
out  of  school  to  the  betrayal  of  a  wife^s  infidelity  ? 
The  story  occurs  in  Chaucer's  Maunciple^s  Tale, 
in  Gower's  Confessto  Amantis  (book  iii.),  in  The 
Seven  Satje-^  (Percy  Soc.  p.  73),  in  Scndahavy  in 
Syntipas,  in  The  Arabian  Nights,  &c  Does  it 
occur  in  Ovid's  Metamorphoses? 

As  to  the  "  swalu  '*  of  Sir  Tristrefn,  Gower  says 

of  the  metamorphosed  Progne  — 

"  And  eko  for  that  she  was  a  spouse, 
Among  the  folk  she  comcth  to  house, 


To  do  these  wives  nnderstonde 

The  falshode  of  her  husbonde, 

That  they  of  hem  beware  also."— Book  v. 

John  Heywood,  in  his  DidtogueSy  ii.  5,  p.  57 

(Spenser  Soc),  curiously  couples  the  following 

two  proverbs.     The  woman  says :  — 

" I  did  lately  h^ere 

How  flek  and  his  make,  vsc  their  secrete  haunting, 
By  one  b3'rd,  that  in  mine  eare  was  late  chauntyng." 

The  man  answers  — 

"  One  swalowe  maketh  not  sommer." 

In  Ecclesiastes  x.  20  we  have — " ...  a  bird  of 
the  air  shall  carry  the  voice,  and  that  which  liath 
wings  shidl  tell  the  matter.^' 

John  Addis^  MA. 

Rustington,  near  Littlehampton,  Sussex. 

Chaucer  Parallels  :  "  The  Knightbs  Talb  '* 
AND  "  Troiltts  and  Cressida."  —  Since,  in  both 
these  works,  Chaucer  was  to  some  measure  in- 
debted to  the  same  poet,  Boccacdo,  it  is  not 
unreasonable  to  suppose  that  they  were  composed 
nearly  at  the  same  time.  The  following  paralleU 
seem  to  point  to  the  same  result.  I  believe  thdi 
number  might  be  increased.  The  references  aze 
to  the  Aldine  edition :  — 

1.  And  forth  he  ryt;  ther  is  no  more  to  tdle. 

K.  T.  116. 

And  forth  she  rit,  ful  sorwfully,  a  pas. — TV.  v.  60. 

2.  Thurgh  girt  with  many  a  grevons  hlody  wotinde, 

K.  T.  162. 

Thorwgh  gyrt  with  many  wyde  and  blody  wounde, 

Tr.  iv.  699. 

3.  That  never,  for  to  deyen  in  the  payne. — K,  T.  276. 
That  ccrtein,  ybr  to  dyen  in  the  peyne, — TV.  i.  674. 

4.  And  lowde  he  song  ay  ens  the  sonne  scheene, 

K,  T.  66L 

Ful  lowde  songe  ayein  the  moone  shene. — TV.  iL  920. 

5.  He  may  go  pypen  in  an  ivy  leef — JST,  T.  980. 
Pipe  ill  an  ivy  leefe^  if  that  the  leste. —  TV.  v.  1434. 

6.  As  Hoth  is  sayd,  eelde  hath  gret  avantage. 
In  eelde  is  bothe  wisdom  and  usage ; 
Men  may  the  eelde  at-renne^  but  not  at-rede. 

K.  T,  1689. 
Your  sire  is  wis,  and  seyde  is  out  of  drede. 
Men  may  the  wise  at-renne,  and  nought  atrede, 

Tr,  iv.  1427. 

7.  To  maken  vertu  of  necesslte. — K.  T,  2184. 
Thus  maketh  vertu  ofnecessite, — TV.  iv.  1558. 

Walter  W.  Skbat. 

1,  Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

Drum. — 

"  A  drum,  then,  is  an  assembly  of  well-dressed  persons 
of  both  Bexcs,  most  of  whom  play  at  c^rds,  and  the  rest  do 
nothing  nt  all ;  while  the  mistress  of  the  house  performs 
the  part  of  the  landlady  at  an  inn,  and,  like  the  landlady 
of  an  inn,  prides  herself  in  the  number  of  her  guests, - 
though  she  doth  not  always,  like  her,  get  anythinf?  b^ 
it."— Fielding,  History  of  a  Foundling,  b.  xvii.  eh.  6. 

W.P. 

Leeuwenhgek's  Epitaph. — The  old  church  at 
Delft  is  in  many  ways  an  interesting  structure. 
Its  picturesque  leaning  tower^  though  not  rerj 


4*S.IV.  Oct.  0/GO.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


293 


good  in  the  pfuide-book  sense,  is  an  impressive 
object.  Within  the  walls  of  this  building  rests 
the  body  of  Leeuwenhoek,  the  microscopist,  whose 
contributions  to  the  Philosophical  Transactions 
rendered  him  deservedly  famous  in  this  country 
in  the  early  days  of  the  Royal  Society.  I  do  not 
remember  to  have  met  with  the  inscription  which 
marks  his  grave  in  any  book,  English  or  foreign. 
I  therefore  .send  you  a  transcript  for  safe  keeping 
in  "  N.  &  Q."  :  — 

**  Pia;  ct  jpt.  Mem.  Antonii  A.  Leeuwenhoek  Reg.  Angl. 
Societ.  Membri  qui  naturae  penetralia  et  physices  arcana 
Microscopiis  ab  ipso  inventls  et  mirabili  arte  fabricatia 
assiduo  studio  et  perscrutiitione  delegendo  et  idiomate 
Belgico  describendo  de  toto  terrarum  orbe  optima  meruit. 
Nat.  Delpli.  xxiv  Oct.  a.  mvi^  xxxij  Ibidemque  Denat. 
xxvj  Augusti  a.  Mvij<=  xxiij. 

**Fatri  charissimo,  Hoc  monumentum  filia  Maria  A. 
Leeuwenhoek  raoerens  P." 

K.  P.  D.  E. 

The  Wokd  *'  Desire."  —  The  following  three 
examples  of  tlie  word  ^'  desire  "  in  three  different 
senses  occur  iu  our  Authorised  Version  of  the 
Biole,  and  appear  to  me  to  be  of  some  value  in  a 
philological  view  : — 2  Chronicles xxi.  20.  "Thirty 
and  tv\'o  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he 
reigned  in  Jerusalem  eight  years,  and  departed 
without  being  deKireciy  Here  we  have  tno  old 
classical  sense  of  rlesideriuni,  i.  e.  regret. 

St. Luke  xxii.  'U.  "  Simon,  Simon,  behold  Satan 
hath  desired  to  have  you."  Here  the  Greek  is 
i^rrr-ficraroy  hath  asked  to  have  you. 

St.  Paul,  Philipp.  i.  23.  **  Having  a  cfe«Vc  to  de- 
part and  to  be  with  Christ,"  &c.  Here  the  Greek 
IS  4'iriduuiai'  txcwi' — an  camest  msh.  I  think  these 
three  distinct  upes  of  one  word  ought  to  be  noted. 
Desire  for  rer/rrf  is  now  obsolete,  though  perhaps 
in  early  lOn^lish  the  only  sense.  Desire  in  the  two 
other  8ens(\s  of  a.sking  and  wishing  seems  to  me 
to  have  been  only  coming  into  use  in  Elizabethan 
davs.  Upthorpe. 

English  Wines.  —  As  an  evidence  that  wines 
were  once  made  in  England,  we  may  find  a  verse 
of  an  An;zl()-Xonnan  wassail-song  among  the  Royal 
MSS.  of  the  British  Museum  (10  E.  viii.)  bearing 

on  the  subject :  — 

"N(U'l  beyt  bicn  il  via  Engleis 
E  li  Gascoin  et  li  Fran^eys 

K  I'Angevin ; 
Noel  fait  beivre  son  veisin 
Si  »inil  pe  dort,  Ic  chef  enclin, 
Sovent  le jor 

Deu  doint  a  tujs  eels*." 

From  tlie  JLmthli/  Magazine  for  Nov.  1,  1807, 

p.  404,  I  tiilve  the  following  paragraph  :  — 

"  At  Mount  Sorrel,  Leicestei^hire,  is  to  be  seen  an  ex- 
traordinary' vine,  which  contains  al)oat  one  hundred 
yai^H  in  surface,  extending  from  a  single  stem  upwards 
of  twenty  yards  in  length,  and  about  five  yards  in  height; 
it  is  at  this  time  sujiposed  lo  have  a  burden  of  300  cwt. 
of  grapes,  and  a  considerable  quantity  of  good  wine  is  an- 
nually made  from  it." 


But  a  very  beautiful  vinery  existed  in  the 
middle  of  last  century  at  "Welbeck,  near  Workaop, 
and  the  Duke  of  Portland,  the  proprietor,  sent 
a  wonderful  bunch  of  Syrian  grapes  to  the  Mar- 
quis of  Rockingham  as  a  present.  The  bunch 
weighed  nineteen  pounds,  and  was  carried  on  a 
staff  by  four  labourers. 

As  a  caution  to  wine-bibbers,  Maplett,  in  his 
Green  Forest  (1667),  says, "  that  the  ele  being  killed 
and  addressed  in  wine,  whosoever  chaunceth  to 
drinke  of  that  wine  so  used,  shall  ever  afterward 
lothe  wine.'* 

The  vine  culture,  however,  probably  owing  in 
a  peat  measure  to  the  introauction  of  superior 
wmes,  has  been  neglected  in  our  own  countiT^,  as 
we  reap  the  benefits  of  the  foreign  produce. 

H.  W.R. 

Jersey. 

Lord  Byron's  Separation  prom  his  Wipe. — 
I  am  not  aware  that  the  following  fact  has  yet 
been  mentioned  in  the  voluminous  correspondence 
that  has  appeared  concerning  the  subject — ^viz. 
that  Mrs.  Leigh  was  the  channel  through  which 
Lord  Byron  communicated  with  his  wife  after 
their  separation. 

I  quote  from  the  edition  of  the  Life  and  Works 
of  Byron  published  by  Murray  in  1832  in  octaYO. 

Letter  611.  November  27,  1821,  was  directed 
to  Lady  Byron  to  the  care  of  the  Honourable  Mrs. 
Leigh,  London  (vi.  31.)  As  daughter  of  Baroness 
Conyers  she  was  an  Honourable,  although  her 
father  never  succeeded  to  the  title  of  Byron. 

By  a  letter  to  Mr.  Murray  under  date  March  1, 
1821,  Lord  Bjrron  intended  to  have  written  a 
letter  to  his  wife  commencing,  *'  I  have  your  mes- 
sage, through  my  sister^  about  English  security  " 
(v.  258.) 

Lord  Byron  wrote  to  Murray,  February  21, 1820: 
*'  Pray  tell  Mrs.  Leigh  to  request  Lady  Byron  to 
urge  forward  the  transfer  from  the  funds  '^ 
(iv.  286.) 

Mrs.  Leigh's  last  ^t  to  her  brother  was  a 
Bible  (v.  264.) 

Upon  these  grounds  I  take  the  liberty  of  dis- 
believing Mrs.  Stowe*s  article  in  the  September 
number  of  MacnuUatCs  Magazine, 

J.  WiLKINS,  B.G.L. 


Barralet. — Having  a  large  water-colour  draw- 
ing signed  "T.  (or  J.)  M.  Barralet,  Inv*  1784,"  I 
should  be  glad  to  know  more  of  this  artist  (was 
he  oneP).  Can  any  contributor  refer  me  to  a 
notice  of  him  ?  It  is  a  well-drawn  composition 
of  a  landscape  under  the  effects  of  a  thunder- 
storm, and  bold  in  colouring,  but  with  the  first 
tinting  of  indian  ink,  as  usuid  at  that  earlyperiod 
of  the  art  W .  P. 


294 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[*<»  8.  IV.  Oct.  9 


BBITEiirCTiONiL  QuTRiES.  —  Can  your  renders 
pye  me  an;  infuniiEktioD  about  the  lives  nnd  dates 
of  th«  following  sainw  whieli  occur  in  a  litany 
of  so  early  English  Benedictional,  probably  of  tbt 
eleventh  or  twelfth  century? — ^Ifeah,  lierhtinus, 
SyrinuB,  Judocus  (Josse),  Athulf,  Petrocus,  Ethel- 
drytha,  Eormenhild,  j-Egelflred,  Sfttivols.  Is  it 
usual  to  spell  Withburga,  Seibursa,  and  Mildred. 
Wihtburb,  Sexburh,  and  Myldrethaf 

The  Sundays  are  thus  arran^dr  Ist  to  6th 
poet  Theophaniam ;  Septuagee.  Sec  ;  Doniin.  l*"* 
in  Quadrages.  to  Quinta  Domin. ;  Dominica  Hv 
Palmarum ;  Pascha ;  0cta7»  S.  Paschte  ;  1st  to 
4th  post  Octav.  Pasch. :  Ascenaio  Dni. ;  Dom.  1" 
port  Ascens.;  In  die  Pentecost. ;  Octavfls  I'ente- 
CMtee,  and  then  twenty-five  Sundays  after  the 
octaves  of  Pentecost 

The  days  for  ordination  of  Psalmistfe  seu  Can- 
toiM,  Ostiarii,  T^ctorea,  Exorciste,  Acoliti,  Suh- 
diacMii,  Diaconi,  and  Presbyteii  sen  Sacerdotes, 
were — 1.  Mensis  primi  quidiciturMartius  primK 
ebd(»nadn  aabbab  die.     S.  Mensis  etiam  quarti 

Sii  vocatur  Junius  ebdomadee  secundie  sabbati 
e.  S,  Menais  aeptimi  qui  appellaCur  September 
tertis  ebdomadse  sabbati  die,  et  4.  Menais  decimi  i 
id  est  Decembiis  pleQfe  ante  vigiliam  natalis  Do- 
mim  ebdomadie  saobati  die. 

There  are  also  separate  prayers,  &.C.  for  the  I 
coDtecratiou  of  stone  or  wooden  churches. 

Will  any  of  these  points  help  to  fii  a  certain 
dateP  J.C.J. 

"  DiLzi£L'a  Illdstbated  Bible," — Some  years 
ago  an  advertisement  frequently  appeared  in  the 
newspapers  entitled  Dakiefa  Iliustratal  Bible.  It 
waa  understood  that  Mr.  E.  J.  Poynter  and  Mr.  F. 
Madox  Brown  had  contributed  cartoons  or  draw- 
ings which,  if  rendered  faithfully,  would  be  valued 
by  many.  Indeed,  among  the  last-named  artist's 
peturea,  exhibited  at  191,  Piccadilly,  a.b.  186.5, 
those  entitled  "  Ehud  and  Ef[lon  Kinjf  of  Moab," 
"  Elijah  and  the  Widow's  Son,"  and  "Jacob  and 
Joseph's  Coat,"  were  stated  to  have  been  executed 
with  a  view  la  wood  en^avines  in  the  aaid  Bible, 
May  1  ask  Messrs.  Dalziel  whether  our  eioecta- 
tiooa  are  only  delayed  or  never  to  be  realised  ? 
W.  W,  Krao. 

Dr.  Dokse,  Dean  of  Si.  Pacl's.— According 
to  good  Izaali  Walton,  Dr.  Donne's  mother  was 
descended  from  Sir  Thomas  Slore,  while  hia 
wife  was  daughter  to  one  Sir  George  More.  I 
am  curious  to  know  whether  Dr.  Douue  was  re- 
lated to  his  vrife  by  blood,  through  the  More 
family,  and  if  so,  in  what  degree.  Perhaps  some 
of  your  readers  may  be  able  to  inform  me  on  this 
point.  J.  W,  W, 

Etonian  Pestobical. — Who  were  the  principal 
writers  in  the  Kaleidoscope,  a  magazine  published 
in  1833  at  Eton  P  K.  Inolis. 


William  FirttEa.  —  Wanted,  the  parentage 
and  baptism  of  William  Fuller  of  Beckenham, 
CO.  Kent,  who  died  there  in  1809,  aged  seventv- 
eight,  consequently  horn  in  1730  or  1731.  fie 
appears  at  one  time  to  have  resided  at  Seal,  close 
by  Beckenham.  G.  H. 

Oalliuatias. — la  this  a  word  coined  by  Yield- 
ing?— 

"  She  became  by  this  desire  quite  ridiculous,  and  ran 
into  absurdities  and  a  ealliniBtiiu  soarcely  creilible." — 
Fielding,  Amelia,  1752,  book  vii.  chap.  4. 

(See  "  gallimawfry  "  in  2"*  S.  viii.  286,  528). 
Johnson's  Dictionary  defines  "  Gallimalia,  n.  t. 
{ffolimathiaa,  French),  nonsense,  talk  without 
meaning."  W.  P. 

Micni  Hall.  —  Who  was  Micha  Hall  of  Mam 
Tor  y  N.  R. 

Hanoimo  or  Marbtibs. — I  shall  be  glad  of 
an^  references  to  authenticated  cases  of  a  pardon 
being  granted  to  a  condemned  criminal  provided 
a  woman  will  consent  to  marry  him. 

In  a  rererence  to  thi.4  subject  in  a  recent  review 
in  the  Alheiunum  of  Wood  s  HiOorp  of  ifia  Wtd- 
diny-liny  in  all  Counlriei,  allusion  is  made  to  AD 
old  ballad  describing  how  a  merchant  (at,  I  think, 
Chichester)  wns  thus  saved.  Where  is  thii 
ballad  to  be  found  P  F.  R.  8. 

"Holland's  Lbaqiteb." — On  what  authoritT 
does  Mr.  Hazlitt,  in  his  handbook  to  Earfy 
Ettfflieh  Lileralure,  ascribe  to  Nicholas  Goodman 
the  following  tract: — 

"  Hollands  Leagver  ;  or,  an  Hiatoricml  DiacovrsB  of 
the  Life  and  Actions  of  Dona  liritanica  Hollandia,  tb« 
Arcb-Mistria  of  the  wicked  Women  urETlopijt.  LoQdoD, 
1632." 

I  can  find  no  confirmation  of  this  in  any  biblio- 
graphical work  within  my  reach,  nor  yet  in  the 
tract  itself.  Who  was  Nicholas  Goodman,  and 
has  he  written  anything  else  ? 

ABcn.  Watsov, 

25,  Lj-nedoch  St.  Glaagow. 

"  Lkavbs  ebom  my  Loo." — Mr.  Bennett,  RJf ., 

in  hia  interesting  little  book  notes  bis  visit  to  the 
cemetery  of  Copenhagen,  which  he  observes  more 
resembles  a  large  garden.  A  plain  marble  tablet 
is  pointed  out,  bearing  the  initials  "J.  S.  A.,  A.n. 
I78i),"  and  the  words  "  benS  vixit  qui  benS  latuit ; " 
it  is  said  to  be  the  grave  of  the  first  man  who 
opposed  burying  beneath  churches.  Mr.  Bennett 
asks,  "  Can  any  of  my  readete  tell  me  if  this  is 
[Correct,  and  who  this  benefactor  t«  his  species 
was?"  Perhaps  a  contributor  to  "N.  &  Q."  can 
afford  information.  F.  N.  Q. 

MEAOZ.— Will  any  one  as^t  me  vrith  this  w<sd 
by  correcting  me  if  vnong,  or  confirming  me  if 
nght,  in  my  conjecture  that,  in  additaon  to  the 
meaninga  assigned  to  it  by  grammarians  and  lexi- 


4«»  S.  IV.  Oct.  9,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


295 


cographers,  it  also  bears  that  of  misery,  wretched- 
ness? There  would  appear  to  be  an  a  priori 
reason  for  this  in  the  fact  that  it  is  accented  like 
fifXfoSf  of  which  miserable^  unhappy j  are  recognised 
equivalents  ;  but  it  appears  to  me  that  there  are 
numerous  passages  in  which  the  meaning  above 
suggested  is  applicable  or  necessary.  I  would 
refer,  among  others,  to  Hec.  84,  Trach,  948, 
Hipp.  3G0,  although  in  the  last  two  passages  /i^Aca 
may  be  considered  an  adjective  ;  but  my  strongest 
case  is  taken  from  the  Lxx  Version  of  EzeKiel 
ii.  10,  where  occur  the  words  dpi\voi  ko)  /acAos  koI 
ovai,  rendered  in  our  version  lamentations  and 
mourning  and  xcoe.  W.  B.  C. 

Montrose  Family. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
favour  me  with  any  particulars  as  to  Lord  Robert 
Graham,  a  younger  son  of  the  great  Marquis  of 
Montrose  ?  lie  is  not  mentioned  in  the  old  peer- 
ages, and  Mr.  Mark  Napier,  the  author  of  a  hfe  of 
Montrose,  states  in  a  note  at  the  end  of  his  work 
that  he  was  not  aware  of  the  existence  of  a  third 
son  until  he  found  the  name  of  Lord  Robert  Gra- 
ham in  the  Caledonian  Mercury  of  1661.  Lord 
Robert  is  there  mentioned  as  being  one  of  the 
chief  mourners  at  his  father's  state  funeral  at  St. 
Giles's  church,  Edinburgh,  in  1661,  together  with 
his  brother  the  second  marquis. 

It  seems  very  remarkable  that  his  existence 
should  have  been  so  completely  ignored,  as,  ex- 
cept in  the  solitary  instance  of  the  Caledonian 
Mercury  J  I  have  not  been  able  to  meet  with  any 
mention  of  him.  M.  A. 

Did  Milton  believe  in  AsTKOLOttT? — Milton 
was  contemporary  with  Lilly  the  astrologer,  who 
was  employed  by  the  Royalists  (with  the  sanction 
of  the  king)  in  prognosticating  evil  of  their  ene- 
mies, and  by  the  Parliamentarians  for  the  same 
charitable  purpose;  and  for  these  predictions  he 
was  courted  and  paid  by  both. 

The  belief  in  astrology  appears  to  have  been 
very  prevalent  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and 
was  even  shared  in  by  the  clergy;  for  we  find 
that  Lilly  obtained  the  consent  of  the  Dean  of 
"Westminster  to  search  for  hidden  treasures  under 
the  cloisters  of  Westminster  Abbey  "on  condi- 
tion that  the  dean  should  have  his  share  in  what- 
ever mij^^ht  be  found."  In  conformity,  therefore, 
with  his  prediction,  Lilly  and  thirty  otner  gentle- 
men entered  the  cloisters  one  night,  and  applied 
the  ''hazel  rods,"  but  after  disinterring  a  few 
leaden  collins  they  were  frightened  away  by  a 
violent  storm. 

In  book  viii.  of  Paradise  Lost,  Milton,  in  de- 
scribing the  nuptials  of  Eve,  says :  — 

*'  To  the  nuptial  bower 
I  ltd  hor  blushing'  like  the  morn  :  all  heaven 
And  happy  cunsteliations^  on  that  hour 
Shed  their  selecte-st  influence.'* 

Did  these  lines  imply  his  belief  in  astrology  ? 

A. 


Polish  Wives.— I  have  heard  it  asserted  that, 
during  the  last  Polish  insurrection,  the  wives  of 
condemned  revolutionists  were  legally  absolved 
from  their  marriage  vows  from  the  day  that  sen- 
tence was  pronounced  on  their  husbands,  and 
were  thenceforward  declared  free  to  re-marry.  Is 
this  statement  correct  P  and  if  it  be,  is  the  law 
which  sanctioned  such  practices  a  Russian  insti- 
tution of  any  anti(j[uity,  or  merely  a  creation  of 
the  late  czar's  durme  the  last  few  years,  and  in- 
tended for  the  special  behoof  of  the  Poles  ? 

James  Rers.  —  I  have  a  book  entitled  7%e 
Dramatic  Writers  of  America,  by  James  Rees 
(Philadelphia,  1845),  and  have  seen  another 
volume  by  him,  containing  tales  and  sketches, 
published  about  1848-49.  Can  any  Philadelphia 
reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  whether  Mr.  Kees 
is  still  resident  in  that  city,  and  whether  he  has 
published  anything  since  the  date  last  named, 
1848-49  ?  R.  iNGLis. 

Chronique  du  Roy  Richard  II.  — The  Coto- 
logus  Librorum  tarn  impressorum  qtuim  manuscript 
torum  PublictB  Universitatis  Lugduno-Batavis,  foL 
1716,  states  that  among  the  books  left  by  Joseph 
Scaliger  to  that  university  is  a  manuscript  (No. 
40)  entitled  "  Chronique  du  noble  Roy  lUchart 
ayant  possed^  le  Rbyaume  zxij  ans  &  puis  desdre 
de  sa  couronne  par  le  pourchan  du  Due  de  Lan- 
castre.^'  Has  it  ever  been  printed?  It  is  not 
improbable  that  it  may  be  the  same  as  the 
'^  Chronique  de  la  Traison  et  Mort  de  Richard 
Deux,''  published  by  the  English  Historical 
Society  from  a  MS.  at  Paris,  but  it  is  certainly 
worth  inquiry  whether  it  be  not  an  independent 
work.  K  P.  D.  E. 

RoTHwsLL  Crypt  and  Naseby  Battle.  —  I 
recently  went  and  examined  the  great  collection 
of  human  bones  at  Rothwell  or  Rowell  in  a  ciypt 
beneath  the  church.  Thev  say  nothing  is  known 
of  the  source  from  which  the  bones  came.  I 
believe  the  Cavaliers  and  Roundheads  who  fell  at 
Naseby  here  lie  intermingling  peacefully  and 
crumbling  to  dust.  Can  any  learned  reader  of 
"  N.  &  Q."  give  some  information  on  this  point? 

B.  H.  C. 

Valor  Ecclesiastictts.  —  A  small  duodedmo 

in  my  possession  bears  the  following  title :  — 

"  A  Book  of  the  Valuations  of  all  the  Ecclesiasdcall 
Preferments  in  England  and  Wales;  eutituled  Nomina 
et  Yalores  Omnium  et  Singulorum  Archiepuoopa- 
tuum,*  Epiacopatuum,  Archidionat.  Decanat.  Prsbendar 
rum,  Ecclesiammque  paroch.  infra  Regnum  ae  Dominia 
Angliae,  ac  omnium  aliarum  Promotionum  quanim- 
cunquc  spiritualium  infra  eadem,  qun  ad  8(4utiooem 
decimse  partis  earund.  Dom*  Regi  et  Begins  naper 
tenebantur.    Printed  in  the  year  16d0.** 

It  contiuns  the  valuations  of  more  than  ten 
thousand  benefices  ''  in  England  and  Wales,"  but 
at  pp.  19,  20,  under  the  head  •'  Villa  Calesise," 
and  the  subdivisions  ''Scunage  ejnsdem  viilse/* 


296 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  Ocw.  9,  • 


"  Dominium  de  Marke  et  Oye,"  "  Dominium  de 
Hampnes/'  and  *'  Comitatus  de  Guisnes  "  are  the 
names  and  valuations  of  twenty-six  benefices 
(rectories  they  are  called),  which  are  certainly 
neither  in  England  nor  Wales ;  and  how  or  why 
they  are  introduced  into  such  a  compilation  of 
the  seventeenth  century  is  a  mystery  to  me. 
Comparing  the  two  sides  of  the  Channel;  they 
seem  to  have  had  the  best  of  it  j  e,  g, : — 


Villa  Calena. 


R.  B.  Mariffi  Yirginis 

„  S.  Nicholai    . 

yy  S.  Petri         .        •        • 

„  De  Marke  cum  cap.  de  Shempe 

„  De  Oye         .... 

„  De  Olderkirke 


£ 

27 
17 


8 
8 


«. 

7 

7 

25  16  11 
56  13  10 
50  7 
39  18 


7 
6 


B.  S.  Petri  de  Dover . 
,,  S.  Jacobi,  Dover 


Comitatus  Kane',  Dover,  Decanatus, 

4    0  0 

4  17  6 

10    0  0 

6  13  4 

6  9  8 

7  1  10 


V.  Folkston 
V.Ewell    . 

y.  S.  Margarets  de  Cliff 
V.  Ryver  . 


The  volume  has  neither  printer's  nor  publisher's 
name^  but  there  is  a  contemporary  autograph, 
"  E  dono  ffrancissi  Drake,  Armigeri."  I  have 
shown  it  to  several  literary  friends,  but  can  get  no 
information,  and  therefore  cast  it  upon  the  waters 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  S.  H.  Hablowe. 

St.  John's  Wood. 

ToRESHiRE  Ballad. — I  wish  very  much  to  get 
a  true  version  of  an  old  Yorkshire  ballad  com- 
mencing— 

**  This  story  Tm  going  to  tell, 
I  hope  it  will  give  vou  content, 
Concerning  a  silly  old  man 
That  was  going  to  pay  his  rent. 

With  a  till  da  diU,  Ac." 

I  do  not  know  the  name  of  it ;  and  I  should 
like  to  have  the  true  version  of  the  "  Nut-Brown 
Maid."  Perhaps  some  of  your  readers  can  inform 
me  where  I  could  get  them. 

W.  Stebndale  Scarr. 
Greenwich. 

Btron:  Barbauld. — William  Howitt,  in  his 

Northern  Heights  of  London,   1869,   shows  [that 

Byron  borrowed  a  line  from  Barbauld :  — 

"  The  earth  hath  bubbles  as  the  water  hath, 
And  this  is  of  them." — Byron, 

**  Earth,  air  and  sky,  and  ocean  has  its  hubbies, 
And  verse  is  one  of  them — this  most  of  all." 

(Barbauld*s  poem  on  "  Washing  Day,"  i.  206.) 

J.  G. 

[The  lines  here  attributed  to  Byron  will  be  found  in 
Shakspeare,  Macbeth,  Act  I.  Sc.  8 : — 

"  The  earth  hath  bubbles,  as  the  water  has, 
And  these  are  of  them."] 


Sir  George  Mackenzie's  Poek. — ^In  an  old 
volume  of  pamphlets  on  various  subjects  belong- 
ing to  a  friend^  of  which  the  earliest  having  date 
is  one  published  in  1657, 1  find  at  the  end  of  the 
volume  a  MS.  poem  of  fourteen  pages,  about  four 
hundred  and  twenty  lines,  written  in  old  calli- 
graphy, the  title  of  which  is  "  My  Lady  Car- 
nt^e's  Cabinet,  done  by  Sir  George  Mackenzie, 
Advocate,  upon  the  house  of  Leuchars  in  fife 
County."  On  the  same  page,  further  down,  is 
the  date,  ''Apr.  20,  '96.^'  I  shall  quote  the  first 
four  opening  fines :  — 

**  I  praise  no  monarches  nor  sach  humble  things, 
Inspyring  friendship  ^ves  me  theam  and  wings. 
Friendship  that  wiser  rivall  off  vain  love. 
Which  doth  more  firm  tho*  not  so  gaudie  prove,*'  &c. 

I  have  consulted  a  list  of  Sir  George  Macken- 
zie's published  works,  but  this  one  is  not  named. 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  tell  me  if  it  has 
ever  been  published?  On  the  inside  of  the 
volume  is  inscribed,  in  the  same  hand,  *'  Ex  librie 
Petri  Rae."  I  have  referred  to  the  Rev.  Peter 
Rae  in  a  former  note  (3'<^  S.  xi.  460)  as  the  auUior 
of  a  manuscript  history  of  the  parishes  of  the 
Presbytery  of  Penpont,  in  Dum&iesshire.  He 
was  the  last  minister  of  Kirkbryde,  towards  the 
beginning  of  the  last  century.  Sir  George  Mac- 
kenzie died  in  1691. 

Crattftjrd  Tait  Eakaqe. 

[This  poem  is  printed  in  the  Works  of  Sir  Geoige 
Mackenzie,  fol.  1716,  vol.  L  pp.  8-16,  and  is  entitled 
**  Oelia's  Country-Honse  and  Closet."    It  commences  — 
**  I  sing  no  triumphs,  nor  such  empty  things, 
Tis  solid  Friendship  gives  me  theme  and  wings ; 
Friendship !  that  wiser  rival  of  vain  Love, 
Which  does  more  firm,  tho'  not  so  fiery  prove."] 

Danvers  Family. — What  was  the  exact  rela- 
tionship between  Sir  John  Danvers,  the  second 
husband  of  George  Herbert's  mother,  and  Mr. 
Charles  Danvers,  father  to  George  Herbert's  wife  P 

Did  Sir  John  Danvers  survive  and  succeed  to 
the  title  of  his  brother  Henry,  Earl  of  Danby, 
who  died  unmarried  in  1673  [1643]? 

Upon  which  Lord  Danvers  did  George  Herbert 
compose  the  epitaph  beginning  — 

"  Sacred  marble,  safelv  keep 
HiA  dust,  who  under" thee  must  sleep  "  ? 

J.  w.  w. 

[The  earldom  of  Danby  became  extinct  at  the  death  of 
Sir  Henry  Danvers  in  1643  ;  and  on  whom  George  Her^ 
bert  composed  the  above  epitaph.  The  earl's  estates 
were  settled  on  his  nephew  Henry. — Mr.  Charles  Danvers, 
father  of  George  Herbert's  wife,  was  first  cousin  to  Sir 
John  Danvers.] 

Liberal  Arts. — What  are  these,  and  when 
were  they  so  first  called  ?  W.  P. 

[The  entire  circle  of  instruction  communicated  by  the 
Universities  of  the  middle  ages  was  held  to  consist  of  two 
courses — the  Trivium,  comprising  grammar,  logic,  and 


4«kS.  IV.  Oct.  9. '69.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


297 


rhetoric,  and  the  Quadriviuntf  consisting  of  arithmetic, 
geometry,  astronomy,  and  music — the  conjunctioa  of 
which  forms  "  the  seven  liberal  arts.""] 

St.  Alkelda.  —  In  Mr.  Atthiirs  publication 
respecting  the  collegiate  church  of  Middlehaniy 
printed  for  the  Camden  Society,  is  the  following 
statement :  — 

"  The  i)a.ssi(>ii  of  St,  Alkelda  was  depicted  here,  glow- 
ing 'in  colours  richly  dight,'  and  her  own  figure  yet 
remains,  with  a  napkin  twisted  round  her  neck." 

Can  F.  C.  II.  or  any  other  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
supply  me  with  an  account  of  St.  Alkelda?  I 
am  aware  of  what  the  late  W.  G.  Jones  Barker 
stated  in  his  Three  Days  in  Wetisleydale, 

I\.  D.  bAWSON-DUFFIELD,  LLD. 

Sephton  Rector}',  Liverpool. 

[Dr.  Whitaker,  in  his  account  of  Middleham  church, 
and  the  l?eautiful  representation  of  St.  Alkelda,  the 
patroness,  in  the  act  of  being  strangled  by  two  females, 
adds, ''  the  story  is  said  to  be  unknown  to  all  the  Catholic 
martyrologies,  and  the  history  of  the  suflferer  whoUy 
forgotten." — Richmondshirey  i.  333.] 

HiLDYARD  Motto. — ukIov  ^hjlktv  vayrhs — id  est, 
"  The  lion's  share  of  everything  " — is  the  motto 
borne  by  the  ancient  family  of  Ilildyard  of  Wine- 
stead  Hall,  in  Holdemess.    How  did  it  originate  ? 

J.  G. 

Hull. 

[Why  this  motto  was  adopted  by  the  ancient  family  of 
Hildyard  is  not  known  ;  but  it  is  evidently  borrowed  from 
the  fortieth  verse  of  the  Works  and  Days  of  Hesiod,  and 
is  thus  enlarged  upon  by  Ausonius  :  — 

"  Incipe  ;  dimidium  facti  est  coepisse.    Superait 
Dimidiuni :  rursum  hoc  incipe  et  efficies."] 


THE  BATTLE  OF  BIGGAR  AND  BLIND  HARRY. 
(4»»»  S.  iv.  140,  203.) 

Mr.  iRvrxG,  in  his  Upper  Ward  of  Lanarkshire 
(vol.  i.  pp.  333-7),  has  furnished  a  complete  re- 
futation of  the  minstrePs  story,  and  shown  that 
if  it  has  any  foundation  at  all,  it  is  probably  a 
romancing  account  of  the  battle  of  Roslin  in  1302, 
after  Wallace  had  retired  into  private  life. 

But  as  ScoTus  evidently  ranks  Blind  Harry  as 
a  "  historian,"  it  may  be  as  well  to  undeceive 
him.  Wyntoun  and  Fordun,  two  of  our  most 
trustworthy  writers,  compiled  their  histories  (in- 
dependently of  each  other)  in  the  latter  half  of 
the  fourteenth  century,  no  doubt  from  the  infor- 
mation of  persons  who  had  lived  in  the  days  of 
Wallace  and  Bruce ;  and  neither  of  them  makes 
the  sliprhtest  allusion  to  the  battle  of  Biggar. 
Blind  Harry  lived  a  full  century  later  {circa  1470), 
and  beincf  blind  from  birth,  could  have  nothing 
but  oral  tradition  whereon  to  found  his  Metrical 
llidorif.     John  Major,  who  was  bom  about  1469, 


and  wrote  about  1520,  gives  the  following  graphic 

account  of  the  minstrel : — 

"  Henry,  who  was  blind  from  his  birth,  composed  the 
Book  of  William  Wallace  in  the  time  of  my  infancy ; 
reporting  the  common  stories  in  Scotish  poetry,  in  which 
he  was  skilled.  I,  however,  only  credit  such  writings  in 
part,  as  the  author  was  one  who  gained  his  food  and 
clothes  by  reciting  stories  to  the  great."  * 

In  the  Lord  High  Treasurer's  Accounts    for 

1490-1  there  occurs  the  following  entry : — 

"  Jan7. 1.  Itenij  to  Blind  Hary  (on  New  Yere  da)  («c), 
18/." 

Whence  it  may  be  supposed  he  was  among  the 
poets,  Dunbar  and  others,  who  frequented  the 
court  of  James  IV.  Now  Major  is  a  writer  of 
weight;  and  can  Scoxus  maintain  that  the  ro- 
mances "  coined  "  (such  is  the  Latin  word  used  by 
Major)  by  a  person  labouring  imder  such  disad- 
vantages as  Blind  Harry,  are  to  be  cited  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  silence  of  trustworthy  historians  like 
Wyntoun  and  Fordun,  who  lived  a  full  century 
before  his  day  ? 

Besides  the  beautiful  legend  of  "  Marion  Brad- 
fute,''  the  supposed  heiress  of  Lamingtoune,  in 
Mb.  Irting's  estimate  of  which  I  cordially  agree, 
there  are  many  others  scattered  through  this 
curious  poem  equally  improbable.  Indeed  it  has 
often  occurred  to  me,  as  possessing  a  tolerable 
knowledge  of  both  poems,  that  not  a  few  of  the 
incident  in  Henry's  7Fa/2ac&  are  mere  plagiarisms, 
or  at  least  repetitions  of  those  in  Barbour  s  Bruce. 
This  may  be  considered  by  some  as  rank  heresy ; 
but  when  we  remember  that  The  JBruce  was 
written  about  1375,  a  century  before  Blind  Harry's 
day — ^that  from  its  popularity  many  copies  must 
have  existed  in  MS.,  and  portions  been  committed 
to  memory  by  the  vulgar,  our  wonder  at  the 
errant  minstrel  incorporating  them  in  his  recita- 
tions will  cease.  And  I  think  that  this  hypothe^ 
receives  some  confirmation  from  the  passage  in 
Major's  work  above  quoted ;  though  I  entertained 
the  views  I  have  expressed  be/ore  1  was  ac- 
quainted with  it, — with  diffidence  certainly. 

Anglo-Scotus. 


HORAT.,  CARM.  I.  28. 

(4^  S.  iv.  112, 181,  239.) 

It  is  quite  true  that  I  have  not  read  Mb.  Keight- 
let's  work  on  the  Mythology  of  Greece  and  Italy f 
and  therefore  have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  it 
possesses  all  the  value  which  he  himself  attaches 
to  it.  It  is  not,  however,  e<juallv  true  that  my 
knowledge  of  the  subject,  insignincant  as  it  may 
be,  is  wholly  of  an  English  cast.  I  am  not  unac- 
quainted with  such  writings  as  the  Theogonia  of 
Hesiod,  the  De  Naturd  Deorum  of  Cicero,  &c. ; 

*  Major  de  Gestis  Scotorum  (lih.  iv.  c.  15.)  See  the 
original  Latin  in  Pinkerton's  Ancient  Scottsh  PoemM, 
1786  (vol.  i.  p.  Ixxxix.  of  Preface.)  The  above  is  Pin- 
kerton's  trandatioa  of  it. 


298 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  8.  IV.  Oct.  9, «. 


and  have,  duriDg  the  last  thirty  years  or  more, 
looked  a  good  deal  into  the  literature  of  Greece 
and  Home.    But  all  this  may  pass,  as  little  rele- 
vant to  the  point  at  issue.    In  addressing  myself, 
however,  to  Mr.  Keiqhtlet's  remarks  in  the 
number  of  *'  N.  &  Q."  referred  to — which  I  will 
do,  as  before,  in  the  order  they  come — I  desire  to 
say  upon  the  threshold  that  I  have  not  found, 
nor  do  find,  any  fault  whatever  with  his  use  of 
the  term  amcehaanj  or  anicebceicy  whichever  he 
likes  best.    It  is  as  old  as  Theocritus,  used  also 
by  him,   Id.  viii.  31 ;   and  several  of  his  idyls 
are  among  the  earliest  and  most  perfect  speci- 
mens of  the  kind  of  poem  of  which  it  is  descrip- 
tive. But  what  I  did  object  to  was,  his  pronouncing 
this  28th  ode  to  be  amwb^eic.    He  does  not,  how- 
ever, press  this  opinion,  so  I  may  presume  he  has 
withdrawn  it ;  otnerwise  I  feel  prettv  sure  I  could 
show  that  it  does  not  possess  a  sindte  attribute  of 
this  species  of  composition.    Mr.  Keigutley  is 
clearly  wrong,  too,    in  restricting  the    Camien 
amosbeeum  to  any  particular  metre.  By  this  means 
he  would  exclude  both  Theocritus  and  Virgil. 
Neither  is  he  right  in  supposing  that  the  mere 
division  of  a  poem  into  stanzas  is  sufficient  to 
invest  it  with  this  character — 

"  Ipsa  amcebai  carminis  ratio  [says  Paley],  qu&  et  re 
et  versunm  numero  alter!  alterius  a>quatur  rcsponsum." 

As  Mr.  KJEiGHTLEY  seems  to  affirm  that  all 
the  odes  are  in  stanza,  may  I  ask  his  opinion  of 
XXX.  b.  III.  and  viii.  b.  iv.  ? 

And  now  I  must  say  that,  notwithstanding 
Mr.  Keightley's  somewhat  derisive  objection,  I 
do  still  believe,  nay  more  than  believe,  that  there 
was  a  "popular  mythology  "  in  Italy  in  the  time 
of  Virgil  and  Horace,  and  that  Jrroserpine  = 
Tl€pff€4t6trny  had  her  recognised  place  amongst  its 
divinities.  As  Libitina — for  I  hold  that  she,  and 
not  Venus,  was  referred  to  under  this  name— she 
was  worsnipped  as  early  as  Numa  Pompilius, 
had  a  temple  dedicated  to  her  by  Servius  Tullius, 
is  twice  referred  to  by  Livy  as  presiding  over 
funerals,  and  is  mentioned  frequently  by  Horace 
and  subsequent  writers. 

As  to  the  theory  that  Virgil  was  the  "  inventor 
of  the  notion  in  question,"  till  supported  by 
authority  it  can  only  be  taken  for  what  it  is 
worth.  To  my  mind  the  passage  in  the  AlcestU 
is  quite  conclusive,  and  has  been  so  regarded  by 
scholars  of  the  highest  mark.  Besides  which,  it 
must  be  borne  in  mind  that  many  of  the  writings 
of  antiquity,  such  as  Ennius,  &c.,  have  been  lost 
to  us,  which  were  in  existence  long  after  Virgil 
and  Horace  wrote. 

With  respect  to  the  historical  allusions  in 
lib.  in.  vi.  3,  4,  not  being  aware  that  any  sources 
of  information  are  open  to  me  which  are  not 
equally  open  to  Mr.  Keightley,  and  which  he 
will  know  very  well  where  to  find,  I  can  do 
nothing  better  than  refer  him  to  them.    Monajses 


seems  to  be  a  puzzle,  but  he  will  meet  with  some- 
thing about  Pacorus  in  Justin,  lib.  xiJX.  But  to 
what  does  all  this  tend?  I  have  a  notion,  and 
therefore  will  suggest,  that  we  are  dealing  with  a 
poet,  not  with  an  historian.  So  that  if  he  is  to 
be  tried  as  to  his  authenticity,  it  must  be  by  the 
laws  which  deal  with  poetry,  not  by  the  laws 
which  deal  with  fact. 

I  reallv  believe  that  not  only  "  tolerable,"  Imt 
very  goool  sense,  may  be  made  of  the  '*  eleventh 
stanza  in  iv.  A.^  T^e  it  with  the  preceding, 
allow  due  poetical  license  for  the  use  of  eqmtavU: 
understand  ut  in  the  sense  of  since,  since  the  lime 
that  (see  Cic.  Att,  i.  15,  2),  and,  to  my  mind,  it 
will  come  out  as  clear  as  can  be  wished. 

Being  in  for  the  thing,  I  will  say  one  or  two 
words  on  Mr.  Keightley's  strictures  on  iii.  16, 
29-32, "  N.  &  Q."  p.  113.     Considering  this  as  the 
gift  of  an  interpolator,  he  takes  his  sta^d  upon  the 
use  of  the  vjomfallity  and  says  ''  we  meet  with  it 
in  a  sense  which  it  only  has  in  Propertius,  L  4^  16^ 
whence  it  has  evidently  been  derived."    Now,  as 
far  as  I  can  see,  the  whole  passage,  with  the  par- 
ticular word  itself,  has  only  to  be  rendered  in  the 
most  schoolboy  fashion  to  make  it  perfectly  plain 
to  any  one :  "  A  river  of  pure  water  and  a  wood 
of  a  few  acres,  with  a  farm  never  failing  of  a 
plentiful  harvest — a  lot  superior  to  his.  deceivetf* 
&c.  &c.    And  how  deceives  ?    By  leadmg  him  to 
false  conclusions.    For,  in  the  judgment  of  this 
man — a  very  **de  grege  Epicuri  porcus" — the 
'^  abundantia  rerum  "  constituting  t2>  ayaB6  ,  a  per- 
son's  happiness  is  to  be   measured  solely  and 
altogether  by  the  amount  of  his  wealth.    But  in 
the  opinion  of  Horace,   and  those  of  a  better 
school,  the  opposite  is  the  fact,  as  he  says  in  this 
very  ode :  — 

** .        .        .        .        Multa  petentibas 
Desunt  multa.    Bene  est,  cui  Deus  obtalk 
Parca,  quod  satis  est,  manu." 

**  He  that  asks  much,  must  stiU  want  more ; 
Happy,  to  whum  indulgent  Heaven 

Enough,  and  sparingly  hath  given, 
And  made  his  mind  proportion^  to  his  store." 

Creech. 

But  faUere  is  =  latei^Cj  to  be  concealed  from,  to 
escape  the  notice  or  observation  of — tantamount 
to  saying  that  a  person  is  ignorant  of  this  or  the 
other  matter,  e.  g.  **Nec  te  V^ihB%OTBb  faUani 
arcana"  (Ep,  xv.  21) ; "  Neque  enim  hoc  te,  Crasse; 
fallit,  quam  multa  sint  et  quam  varia  genera  di- 
cendi  "  (Cic.  De  Orat.  i.  60,  255). 

The  meaning  of  the  word  in  Propertius  seems 
to  me  to  be,  to  cause  a  person  to  fail  of  his  pur- 
pose, to  cheat  him  of  his  object :  — 

**  Quo  magis  et  nostros  contendis  solvere  amores^ 
Hoc  magis  adduct&/a2&7  aterque  fide." 

So  that  if  this  be  the  true  rendering,  the  refer- 
ence, as  to  Mb.  Keightley's  purpose,  is  pretty 


*»S.1V.  Oct.  9/89.] 


KOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


999 


much  on  &  par  with  his  ettiniate  of  mj  mTtho- 
logical  attunments.  Edkurii  Tew,  9I.A. 

F.S.  In  pronouncing  the  epodea  not  to  be  iTiicftl, 
and  therefore  not,  lilie  the  odes,  intended  to  be 
sang,  Mk.  Ebiobq^y  differs  tn  U)t4>  from  the 
beat  of  the  ancient  and  modem  gnunmarians. 
Diomede  and  Marcus  Victorinus  aaj :  "  Horatius 
ita  huuc  librum  appellarit,  quod  longioribus  sin- 
pilis  veisibus  singuli  breviorea  accitianlw,  qui 
^iTv^sl  Tocantur."  Dacier  bsjs  that  epode,  in  toe 
Ijiic  poems  of  the  Greeks,  is  the  third  part  of  the 
end  of  the  ode  oi  song ;  that  is  to  say,  where  the 
poem  or  song  is  divided  into  a  strophe,  antistropbe, 
and  epode :  for  the  word  epode  signiiiea,  properly, 
the  end  of  a  song.  Marcus  Victorinua  further 
«yB:  — 

"'Y.wfSiir  quidem  est  mpei-canrrt ;  bine  samptutn  vo- 
cabulum  in  has  Epodoa  [of  Uorace]  qua  binos  Tcrius 
imparea  fanbent,  nam  ut  illie  caoticum  fiolebonl,  sic  ha 
N&nun  vemu  iDsequenli." 

Marcus  Victorious  lived  in  the  fourth  ceDtury. 


reqxmds  with  the  ^s/moL  3£a^,  and  Suidu^ 
i  ixX  if  lAalf  4ri<«r  i(>wl^>>',  "  fitbng  for  our  mb- 
ustence,  or  existence,"  which  ia  confltmed  by 
Chrysostom  (v.  187),  V"  trmUrar,  rwr^iy  M 
T^r  tiaiar  nv  ainvioj  tioBairtrta  wJ  vvn/tfaniflM 
rairv  (™^€ni».  The  Anglo-Saion  New  TmI»- 
ment  is  a  Tersitm  of  the  I^tin  translation,  not  of 
the  Greek  text ;  and  the  wotds  Afo/  oftr  wvtUios:. 
"  oTe>houBehold  bread,"  are  intenaed  to  repre- 
sent the  a^ermibtUmtuitU  of  that  tranalalion  ia 
Matt  vi.  11,  which  is  itaalf  a  senseleas  barbudim 
and  a  factitious  iuterpretatioD  of  Jnednw  in  th» 
sense  of  Utrntcendental,  tmmataiat,  or  trtmmA- 
itmiial,  instead  of  quotidianut, "  daily,"  Bs  in  Laks 
xi.  3,  where  the  same  word  occurs  in  the  nmo 
phrase  and  connexion.    The  old  Saxon  hu  thft 


En[OT2103. 

C*'"  S.  iv.  215,  243.) 

To  understand  this  \rard  it  ia  necessaiy  to 

ascertain  in  what  sense  the  Jews  used  it  in  the 

time  of  JesuB,     In  Proverbs  xxx.  8  we  have 

'pfl   DH?,   lechetn   chtiklii,   "food   convenient  for 

,     __,  -Xordinir  to  the 

allowance ; 

and  sufficient,"  in  the  Septuagint;  ipnt  iufi-  ' 
Bar/iSr,  "  bread  just  sufficient,"  by  Aquila ;  and 
StMtra  Itayii,  "  Sufficient  food,"  by  Symmacbua.  i 
The  original  notion  of  chok  is  engraving,  painting,  i 
then  to  establish,  institute,  resolve,  or  decree,  ' 
ftum  which  is  also  formed  law,  right,  lawgiver,  ' 
leader,  aceptre.  ''|c>n,  chtAkek  (Esech.  xvi.  27),  ' 
is  translated  "  thy  orilinary  "  {food  understood) ;  | 
by  tbe  Septuagint  translated  rS/aiui,  "  customary."  j 
The  same  word,  pR,  chok,  is  applied  to  oil  (Ezech. 
xIt.  14),  as  the  "  ordinance  of  oil,"  tI  ^fimayiui 
ToS  ixaiau.  The  Syriac  veieion,  ladtmo  tTioonJicnan, 
"ournecessa^  bread,"  drives  the  sense  of  Matthew 

(vi.  11)  and  Luke  (si.  3),  rir  iprer  4/wr  t^v  iwi'  I 

oiaiot,  meaning  "  that  food  which  the  law  of  our 
nature  requires  for  eubaiatence."  The  word  ovola 
ia  used  by  St.  Luke  (iv.  13,  SO)  as  the  equivalent  i 
of  piot,  in  our  version  trimslated  (1)  "  aubatance  " 
and (2)  "living."  St.Jame8(ii.l5)  usestheexprea-  . 
sion  T^r  ifTii*'pov  Tpo^t,  "  daily  food."  Pfanlcuch 
says  that  in  Aramisan  the  words  Dl'p?  ♦^  V?^, 
lachman  di  likiom  =  bread  for  sustenance,  mean 
"  food  neeettary  for  the  preservation  of  life,"  end 
represent  the  Greek  words  i  V"'  *'*i  o'wf"';  end 
he  thence  infen  that  the  text  ^loAriov  should  he 
M  aiaiar,  t.  e.  in  two  words  instead  of  on^  with  ; 
the  terminal  av  instead  of  ar.    Tliis  mesolog  cor-  j 


Mti/="  daily  bread  j "  the  S 

of  Ulphilas  excepted,  which  reads  thaiut  m 

"  the  everlasting,"  in  Matt.  vi.  11,  the  correspond- 
ing paaaage  in  Luhe  not  having  been  preaerved. 
The  authors  who  dispute  vehemently  on  tliil 
(ubject  are  Wolff',  Wetstein,  Suicer,  Stolbeig, 
Salmauoa,  Toup,  Senear,  Albert,  FUcher,  and 
Valcknaer.  One  notion  is  that  imtiamt  ia  the 
same  as  in  fvwSra  Wp<>i  "  i>Bxt  day "  (Art* 
vii.  36,  zxi.  18),  and  1|  MoSn  *^,  "the  follow- 
ing night "  (Acts  xziiL  11),  which  ia  conflmeck 
by  Jerome,  who  found  in  the  Hebrew  gotpet 
iriD  nn^,  "to-morrow's  bread."  This  is  a  eom- 
munieation  of  far  greater  importance  than  Origen'v 
(Om*.  xvi.).  The  sense  would  then  be,  "Uive 
OS  this  day  to-moiTOw'a  (or  our  future)  food ;"  hot 
the  objection  thereto  ia  that  it  contiadicta  thv 
thir^-first  and  following  verses  of  this  cbepter, 
ending— "Tahe  no  thoiwbt  for  the  morrow,  for 
the  morrow  shall  take  thought  for  the  thmgs  of 
itaelf."  This  specimen  of  the  Hebrew  gospel 
makes  us  more  lecondled  to  its  loaa 

T.  J.  Bfcxtoii, 


I  refer  the  Kbv.  EsxiTxn  Tkw  to  the  observa- 
tjons  which  Dean  Alford  makes,  on  the  meanior 
and  etymology  of  this  difficult  word  in  his  Gnut 
TesUmtnt  (I  66,  4th  ed.  London,  18€6).  The 
whole  of  the  note  etatea  everything  that  has  been 
said  on  the  snbject,  espedally  by  Dr.  Tbolndb 
Bchleuaner  also,  in  his  Jfovmn  Lexicon  OrtM»- 
£atM«m  m  JVomni  TatamaUum  {tub  voce),  quotes 
some  of  the  authorities,  vi*.  Origen,  St.  Chry;- 
toatom,  and  Theophylact,  referred  to  by  Mr.  Tew, 
BS  ahowinff  what  were  ^e  meanings  attached  to 
the  word  by  these  writers.  Schlensner  dorivet 
the  word  &om  M  {ad)  and  evala  (mbttoBiia,  usm- 
tkt,  nitii).  Hence,  the  expression  iprn  tntiaiM* 
would  mean  vkAm  mibdamite,  tea  vittt  noitrm  NW- 
tentoHda  el  altnda  idUi*,  lufiaau,  ae  meetmrinn 
tidiu  quoti^ami*.  Oiaia  eigniBea  not  merely  ex- 
istence, but  also  aabtietenoe.  It  is  lemadmble  that 
the  Feeebito  agreee  with  this  inteipntation,  and 


300 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


C4tk  s.  IV.  Oot.  9,  W. 


also  the  Persian  version.  The  Sjriac  translation  is, 
*'  Da  nobis  panem  indigentice  nostra)  hodie/'  The 
Persian  is  almost  the  same, — ^' Panem  nobis  da 
oui  diei  necessarius  est.*'  (See  Walton's  PolygloU, 
Novum  Testamentum ;  EvangeUum  secundum  Mat- 
thteum,  cap.  vi.)  Dr.  Cure  ton,  in  his  Remains  of 
a  very  ancient  Hecension  of  the  Four  Gospels  %n 
Syriac  (London,  1858),  translates  the  whole  pas- 
sage thus :  — ''  And  our  bread  constant  of  the  day 
give  us."    In  his  learned  preface  he  remarks :  — 

**  In  the  Lord's  Prayer  we  have  (v.  11)  constant  of  the 
day^  which  agrees  exactly  with  quoiidianum  of  the  old 
Latin  a  b  c,  and  with  the  residing  of  St.  Cyprian.  The 
Gothic  version  also  uses  a  term  meaning  continual.  This 
would  seem  to  imply  that  there  was  originally  some  other 
word  in  the  place  of  inioviTiovy  if  the  rendering  of  the 
Oreek  by  St  Jerome,  super-substantialenif  be  correct." 
xvm.) 

Mb.  Tew  will  now  see,  that  there  is  very  con- 
siderable authority  for  the  rendering  "daily  bread." 

John  Daljon. 

St  John's,  Norwich. 


MISS  BENGER. 
(4'*'  S.  iv.  113,  221.) 

On  two  late  occasions  mention  has  been  made  of 
a  literary  lady  who  died  some  forty-two  years  ago. 
She  was  during  her  life  a  friend  of  an  elder  sister 
of  mine,  whose  intimacy  vnth  her  was  one  of  [ 
daily  and  affectionate  intercourse.  I  can  say 
with  confidence  that  she  had  nothing  to  do  with 
the  Percy  Anecdotes,  From  the  time  of  my  own 
boyhood  until  1847,  I  was  in  frequent  communi- 
cation with  her  and  in  her  company,  and  I  believe 
that  nothing  of  her  authorship  ever  appeared  in 
print  with  which  my  sister  was  not  well  ac- 
quainted ;  and  all  the  writings  given  to  my  sister 
by  Miss  Benger  were,  for  a  time,  in  my  possession. 
Many,  I  thmk  a  large  majority,  of  them,  were 
printeid  anonymously.  Some  of  tne  best,  especially 
those  of  a  poetical  character,  were  so  printed  and 
circulated  without  her  name. 

Speaking  from  my  own  personal  experience, 
there  was  no  singularity  in  her  manners,  nor  any 
such  slovenly  demeanour  or  habits  as  M.  C.'s  in- 
formant attributed  to  her.  On  the  contrary,  she 
was  (as  her  friend,  Miss  Aikin,  has  described  her)  a 
lady  of  the  "  utmost  delicacy "  and  propriety,  and 
in  the  earlier  years  of  her  life  of  very  pleasing  fea- 
tures and  expression.  I  have  in  my  possession 
an  engraving  from  a  portrait  of  her,  which  her 
friends  caused  to  be  executed  in  her  lifetime, 
which  bears  out  my  statement.  Until  the  failure 
of  her  health  her  private  evenings  reunited  friends 
of  both  sexes,  some  of  whom  still  survive  and 
Btill  occupy  very  eminent  literary  or  scientific 
positions. 

In  a  memoir  written  by  the  late  Miss  Lucy 
Aikin,  and  contributed  to  the  Literary  Gazette  in. 


I  think,  1828,  an  account  of  her  works,  and  of 
the  literary  circle  of  which  she  was  an  omamenL 
will  be  found,  and  some  very  elegant  detachea 
specimens  of  her  poetical  powers  are  preserved. 

In  one  of  those  anonymous  works  of  fiction, 
called  "  The  Heart  and  the  Fancy,  or  Valanore,'' 
there  are  some  verses  of  which  I  have  a  clear 
recollection  (though  read  for  the  first  and  last 
time  some  fifty  years  ago),  and  which  I  will  ven- 
ture to  recall  to  the  memory  of  those  of  your 
readers  who  may  happen  to  have  read  the  novel 
itself,  if  any  such  be  now  living :  — 

*^  Blest  is  the  spot  where  Haller  lies. 

No  cloistered  wall  to  gaard  his  tomb ; 
'Tis  open  to  the  changeful  skies, 

And  decked  with  nature's  choicest  bloom. 
On  that  dear  shrine  no  tapers  burn, 

But  sun  and  stars  their  radiance  shed ; 
And  sweeter  than  the  incensed  urn, 

A  snow-white  shroud  the  lilies  spread. 
The  lark,  too  innocent  to  mourn. 

Chants  his  blithe  matin  o'er  the  dead. 

"  Blest  be  the  spot !    'Twas  here  that  last 

He  watched  the  slow  departing  son ; 
A  tender,  wistful,  glance  he  cast, 

As  though  he  deemed  his  race  was  run. 
That  eve  when  all  unheard,  unseen, 

His  filial  prayer  to  heaven  had  sped. 
Clasped  were  his  hands,  devout  his  mien, 

Twas  then  the  immortal  spirit  fled. 
None  heard  his  last,  his  murmur'd  sighs, 

If  such  his  parting  spirit  breathed ; 
The  joy  of  heaven  was  in  those  eyes, 

That  peace  and  love  to  earth  l>equeathed.*' 

Miss  Benger's  prologue  to  the  play  called 
The  Curfew,  to  which  Mrs.  Opie  supplied  a 
clever  epilogue,  are  also  unprinted ;  and  are  both 
worthy  of  reproduction,  if  the  memory  of  them 
has  not  been  preserved  elsewhere.  These  and  the 
other  specimens,  reprinted  by  Miss  Aikin  in  her 
memoir,  deserve  a  place  in  some  of  the  numerous 
selections  of  miscellaneous  poetry  recently  pub- 
lished. E. 


EMBLEMS  WANTED. 
(4»»»  S.  iv.  233.) 

1.  Emhleyns  of  the  Rcf^trrection. — ^Lord  Lindsayi 
in  his  Christian  Art,  vol.  i.  p.  xxiii.  informs  us  that 
the  resurrection  is  represented  "by  the  phoenix 
and  the  peacock,  which  loses  its  rich  plumage  in 
winter  and  recovers  it  in  spring."  From  JRoma 
Sotierranea,  pp.  243,  347,  205,  may  be  added  that 
Jonas  and  the  fish  are  types  of  tlie  resurrection; 
also  Moses  striking  the  rock,  in  juxtaposition 
with  the  raising  up  of  Lazarus;  and  the  sheep 
and  dove  represent  Christian  souls,  —  the  bird 
'^  denoted  the  soul  after  it  had  been  released  firom 
its  earthly  tabernacle  and  had  entered  into  its 
rest, — the  sheep,  a  soul  which  still  *  goes  in  and 
out  finding  pasture '  in  this  life.** 

In  Paradin*s  Devises  Jlirdiques,  ed.  1562,  f,  50^ 


t>^  S.  IV.  Oct.  9,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


an  arrow  issuing  from  a  tomb,  on  which  ia  tho 
sign  of  the  tross,  and  having  verdant  shoots  turned 
around  it,  waa  the  emblem  which  Madame  Diana 
of  Poitiers  adopted  to  espresa  her  strong  hope  of 
a  resurrection  from  the  dead, — the  motto  being, 
"  Sola  vitiit  in  illo,"  alone  on  that,  i.  e.  on  the 
cross,  she  lirea. 

To  the  motto  '■  Spes  altera  vitas" — another  hope 
of  life — Paradin,  f.  151  verio,  and  Joachim  Came- 
rarius,  ed.  15i'5,  pt.  i.  p.  102,  employ  the  device 
of  ears  of  uorn  growinc  out  of  a  collection  of  dry- 
bones,  and  npcuing  and  shedding  their  seed  ;  the 
former  saying — "  aussi  lea  corps  humwns  tom- 
bants  par  mort,  seront  relev^s  en  gloire,  par  g6- 
nSrale  resurrection,"  and  the  latter — 

"  SeoiiniB  moritur,  qui  scit  se  morle  renasci : 
Non  ca  mors  dici,  scd  nova  vita  poteet." 


There  ore,  I  believe,  aeveral  other  emblems  of 
the  resurrection,  but  at  present  I  have  neither 
time  nor  opportunity  to  verify  them. 

2.  Emlilems  of  llohj  llaplum. — According  to 
Lord  Lindsay,  vol.  i.  p.  xxii.,  the  sacrament  of 
baptism  is  represented  "  by  water  poured  on  the 
cross  by  the  dove."  Dr.  Nortbcote  and  the  Rev. 
R.  Brownlow,  in  their  Roma  Sotterraneo,  ed. 
18C9,  pp.  "240-242,  show  very  clearly  that  Noah 
in  the  ark,  with  a  dove  bearing  an  olive-branch 
and  flying'  towards  him,  is  typical  of  baptism. 
At  pp.  2l.^4-3()0  the  same  sacrament  is  shadowed 
forth  by  waters  gushing  from  a  rock,  where  one 
man  is  Lshing  and  another  baptizing.  The  para- 
lytic carrying  his  bed  at  the  words  "  Be  of  good 
cheer,  thy  sins  are  forgiven  thee,"  and  the  heal- 
ing of  tho  inipolcnt  man  at  the  pool  of  Bethesda, 
have  both  been  "  interpreted  as  typical  o(  the 
healing  n-nters  of  baptism."  H.  Q. 

TVe  cannot  have  better  authority  for  religious 
emblems  than  the  usajies  of  the  primitive  Chris- 
tians. Now  the  emblem  of  the  resurrection  per- 
petually recurring  in  tlie  Catacombs  is  Jonas  cast 
ont  of  tin.'  wliale's  mouth.  Moreover  our  Saviour 
himself  i-'iive  tliis  as  symbolical  of  his  resurrec- 
tion. F.  c.  a. 


THF,  TAIXIIXITZ  TESTAMENT. 
(4"'  S.  iv.  2.^1.) 
Although  doubtless  liruiilcred,  accordmg  to  the 
present  ini^aning  of  tho  word,  is  incorrect  in  the 
A.  V.  of  I  Tim.  ii.  fl,  as  in  the  original  Greek  it  is 
wXiyiaiiiv,  anything  plaited,  such  as  hair,  vet  I 
think  it  was  the  word  intended  by  the  translators 
of  the  rarly  editions  of  the  Bible ;  and  although, 
according  to  your  correspondent,  brogded  ia  more 


I  sense,  I  think  it  ia  a  printer's  error  for  the  follow- 
.  ing  reasons :  — 

In  a  "  Breeches  "  Bible  dated  1599,  in  the  vari- 
ous passages  where  the  word  brrndered  occurs  in 
I  the  A.  v.,  it  is  three  times  rendered  broidered, 
(Ex.  xxviii.  4,  Ezek.  ivi.  10  and  xxvi.  16),  four 
times  broydered  (Ezek.  ivi.  13  and  18,  xzvii.  7 
and  24),  once  brot/dred  (Ezek.  isvii.  16),  and  once 
6riiyflW(l  Tim.  ii.  0.)  Now,  as  the  same  word 
is  spelt  broidered,  broydered,  and  brcydred  on  the 
BBme  page,  I  think  it  very  probable  that  broydred, 
not  broyded,  was  iDtended  m  1  Tim.  ii.  9. 

Again,  if  it  waa  originally  broyded,  and  broyded 
int«nded,  is  it  not  possible  that  broyded  and  broid- 
ered may,  in  the  time  the  Bible  was  translated, 
have  Bignifled  the  same  P  and  in  proof  of  this  I 
again  refer  to  the  Bible  of  1699.  In  1  Pet.  iii.  3, 
the  A.  V.  has  "  of  plaiting  the  hair,"  in  the  ori- 
ginal Greek  ^fn-Aoic^i  tpi^iir,  but  the  old  copy  has 
broidered  haire. 

But^  t^ein,  if  broyded  was  intended  in  1  Tim. 
ii.  9,  why  should  it  not  have  bean  broyded  in 
1  Pet.  iii.  3,  unless  they  are  synonymous  terms, 
as  in  the  Greek  both  words  are  from  the  same 
root,  ^xinu,  to  twine  or  plrut  ? 

The  error,  I  believe,  lies  with  the  compilers  of 
the  A,  V,  who,  when  altering  broidered  in  the 
second  case  to  plaUiiiff,  should  also  have  changed 
broyded  or  brotdered  in  the  first  case  to  plaited, 

I  find,  as  your  correspondent  savs,  that  the 
modem  Bibles  are  being  altered  (with  few  excep- 
tions) to  braided.  I  am  sorry  to  see  it^  as  broi^d 
is  no  more  intelUgible  to  us  of  the  ^present  day 
than  broidered  hur,  and  aa  that  was  evidentiy  the 
original  form,  at  least  in  the  A.  V.,  aa  such  it 
should  raniain.  D£  MOBivlA, 

Hsatjngl. 

P.S.  The  rendering  of  the  two  passages  in  the 
Vulgate  is  lortii  crmUAu  in  the  first,  eapiUatttra  in 
the  second. 

Having  had  much  to  do  with  the  preparation 
of  the  above  book,  will  you  allow  me  to  refer  to 
Mb.  Bulir's  observation  upon  itF  In  p.  261  of 
your  current  volume  Mb.  Blmb  speaks  very 
highly  of  the  Testament,  but  regrets  that  in 
1  Tim.  ii.  9  the  word  broidered  and  not  braided  ia 
read.  Dr.  Tischendorf  does  not  profess  to  reprint 
the  edition  of  1611,  and  in  fact  the  correction  of 
the  En^ish  test  was  not  his  work  at  all,  but 
mine.  The  process  was  this :  the  German  printer 
forwarded  the  proof  sheets  to  me,  and  I  read  them 
and  revised  them.  The  editions  I  followed  were 
those  of  Oxford  in  8vo,  1836,  1837,  and  I  chose 
them  because  I  knew  them  welt.  When  I  came 
to  1  Tim.  ii.  9,  I  resolved  still  to  follow  the 
Oxford  books  for  consistency's  sake.  I  found  the 
reading  broidered  in  a  Cambridge  edi^on  of  1676, 
in  an  Oxford  one  of  1716,  and  in  several  others, 
so  did  not  venture  to  depart  from  my  models 


302 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«B.1T.  OOT.9.V9L 


the  general  accuracy  of  which  is  beyond  all  praise. 
I  am  thankful  the  book  boa  been  leceived  with 
much  favour,  and  feel  hoaour  in  haviiig  been 
selected  to  read,  levise,  and  collate  all  the  copy 
and  pioofB  of  thia  important  work. 

B.  IL  CowPEE. 


CAENAC :  SHELVES  IN  WILTSHIEE. 
(4"-  S.  iv.  283 ;  S''  S.  vu.  241,  301,  330, 362, 422, 
463.) 
For  obvioua  reasons,  I  need  not  reply  to  the 
observations  about  Carnac  written  by  C.  W.  But 
I  muBt  BBj,  that  I  have  known  this  periodical 
from  the  iirat  volume,  and  this  is  the  first  time  I 
have  seen  an  attempted  taunt  to  be  made  in  refei> 

In  this  unprecedented 
simply  in  error,  and  I  am,  therefore,  most  disa^ee- 
ably  compelled,  to  refer  back  to  an  old  volume  of 
"N.  &,  Q."  to  set  him  rittht.  The  shelves  in 
question  were  those  of  Wiltahire,  mentioned  by 
Cobbett  in  his  Sural  Bides  as  "  thousands  of 
thousands  of  acres  of  ploughed  lands  in  shelvos 
in  Willa  alone."  From  these  Mr.  Cobbett  founded 
an  absurd  hypothesis  of  a  great  population  having 
formerly  been  in  England.  I  said  then,  and  stiU 
say,  that  the  shelves  supposed  by  Mr,  Cobbett  to 
be  marks  of  the  plough  were  caused  by  cattle 
grazing  on  the  hill  sides,  as  may  daily  be  seen  by 
anybody  who  chooses  to  use  Bis  eyes  '        ' '" 


a  hilly 
■.  H.  T. 


jntiy.     And  I  may  add  that  the  Rev. 
Ellacombe  and  Mb.  Edward  Parfiti,  of  the 

Devon  and  Exeter  Institution  (S""  a.  vii.  330), 
completely  corroborated  my  observations  on  the 
subject.  Ms,  iBViNa,  however,  turned  away  from 
the  question,  speaking  of  "  pre-hiatoric  earth- 
works," and  very  justly  remarked  that  "  the  idea 
that  shelves  like  these  were  formed  b^  the  passages 
of  sheep  or  cattle  only  excites'a  smile."  But  no 
peracn,  at  least,  in  "  N.  &  Q."  had  expressed  such 
an  idea.  Mb.  Irvinq,  like  another  literary  cha- 
racter in  English  history,  was  merely  creating  the 
giant,  that  he  might  have  the  pleasuio  of  knocking 
it  down.  Besides,  I  did  not  say  that  the  shelves 
or  assumed  plough  marks  were  formed  br  the 
"  passages  of  cattle  " ;  I  said  they  were  made  by 
cattle  grazing,  which  they  are  accustomed  to  do, 
in  single  file  all  alon^  a  hill  aide. 

But  Mr.  Irving,  m  the  concluding  part  of  that 
very  same  letter,  tarns  to  the  original  question, 
and,  writing  from  Scotland,  says  that  — 

"  Every  hill  in  this  district,  however,  gives  ds  evidence 
of  the  extension  of  cnltivation  to  ■  height  we  would  not 
[Ireani  of  attempting  now.  And  why?  Labour  wiia  cheap 
in  those  dJiys,  and  artidcial  manurea  unknown." 

Now  I,  well  knowing  that  the  marks  which  he 
supposed  t«  be  made  hy  early  cultivation  were 
merely  tracks  of  cattle,  as  I  have  witnessed  more 
than  a  hundred  times,  subsequently  asked  Mb. 


Ikviko  how  long  the  use  of  natural  maanre  wu 
known  in  Scotland  P  For  so  late  aa  Sinclaii'tt 
Siatutiad  AccomU,  written  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  laat  century  only,  we  learn  that  m  many  puta 
of  Scotland  manure  was  only  got  rid  of  by  the 
farmers  drawing  it  down  to  the  aea  ahore  and 
letting  it  be  washed  away  bv  the  tide.  In  raplr, 
Mr.  Irviso  referred  me  to  Virgil's  Gtorgiet!  Of 
course,  1  could  aay  no  more.  Scott,  speaking  of 
Gawin  Douglas,  Bishop  of  Dunkeld,  who  traiu- 
lated  the  j'litieid  in  1613,  saya  :— 

"  He  gave  rude  Scotland  Virgil's  page." 

But  whatever  credit  attaches  to  the  wottlij 
bishop  for  doing  so,  surely  there  is  much  non 
merited  by  Mr.  iRvisa  for  giving  Scotland  tin 
Georgia  to  teach  her  sons  the  use  of  manure. 

I  am  exceedingly  aorrr  to  be  obliged  to  rake 
up  these  old  mattera  again  ;  the  eiceptioiwl,  vA 
I   may   say,   injudicious  tone   of  C,   W.'a  letter 


La  Salette  (V"  S.  iii.  698 ;  iv.  46, 128, 20% 
2«4.)  — It  is  with  much  regret  that  I  find  I 

!  have  incurred  the  imputation  of  having  taken  an 
unfiur  advantage  by  the  manner  in  which  I  have 
spoken  of  the  aflair  of  La  Salette.  I  have  heard 
it  so  frequently  and  distinctly  affirmed  by  Romas 
Catholic  friends  that  these  alleged  miracles  were 
not  articles  of  faith,  and  that  their  acceptation  or 
rejection  was  left  to  the  private  judgment  of  in- 
dividuals, that  it  did  not  occur  to  me  that  excep- 
tion could  be  taken  to  the  epithet  of  which,  with 

I  some  degree  of  inadvertence,  I  made  use.  Joit 
in  this  way  it  will  be  remembered  the  RsT.  Ub. 
EtrsTiCE — himself  a  Roman  Catholic  and  aprieet — 
expressed  his  disbelief  that  the  auhstance  whick 
is  now  once  more  undergoing  liquefaction  at  the 
festival  of  St.  Januarius  at  Naples  was  the  blood 
of  that  martyr.  I  can  only  say  that  it  was  br 
from  ray  design  to  give  ofience  j  and  while  beg- 
ging F.  O.K.  to  accept  myology  for  having  dine 
so,  would  request  his  permission  to  withdraw  the 
expression  wnich  be  deems  impropr. 

WuLiAit  Bates. 
BiTmingliaiD. 

Serfs  (4"'  S.  iv.  2C4.)  ~  There  is  no  reaatw 
why  aerff  may  not  mean  ttagt  without  anv  altera- 
tion to  cerfs.  I  suppose  it  to  be  a  parallel  case  to 
a  passage  in  the  French  prose  romance  of  Alexan- 
der— ''  Nas  tu  pas  veu  par  pluaieura  fois  que  vuff 
[lyon]  meit  a  la  fuile  grant  quantite  de  tm-ft  t" 
To  this  passage  the  French  editor  appeoda  a 
note—"  On  reconnait  la  lea  idees  provenant  de  la 
superiority  si  marqu^  de  la  chevalerie,  au  moyen 
age,  eur  lea  terfs  et  sur  les  vilains."  Thia  la  a 
delicious  blunder,  when  it  is  remembered  that  tlia 
parallel   passage  in  the  Latin  verrion  ia— "M 


4«»S.  IV.  0(T.  9,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


.303 


nescis   quod    unus   leo   multos   cervos  in   fugam 
vertit  ?  "  and  the  Greek  version  has  4\d<povs,     See 


aaltn  =  fair,  beautiful.     The  Manx  gtal  or  ffiatt  = 

white,  bright,  is  evidently  identical  with  ^/?a/,  A.-S. 

the  passnprea  quoted  at  lenprth  in  my  edition  of  |  With  regard  to  eaystf  although  I  am  not  in  pos- 

Wilham  of  Palerne  (E.  E.  T.  S),  p.  240.  session  of  a  Manx  Bible,  I  believe  the  translators 


Walter  W.  Skeat. 

1,  Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

The  Dodo  (4»»>  S.  iv.  IGG,  264.)— I  believe  that 
I  have  the  painting  of  llolandt  Savary  alluded  to. 
The  subject  seems  to  be  the  temptation  of  Eve, 
The  picture  is  full  of  the  portraits  of  animals, 
birds,  and  even  of  insects,  and  is  very  highly 
finished.  I  do  not  find  any  bird  answering  to  the 
description  of  the  dodo. 

My  late  brother,  Mr.  John  Jackson,  informed 
me  that  he  bad  seen  a  duplicate  of  this  painting 
either  at  Dresden  or  Berlin.  Wm.  Jackson. 

I  do  not  quite  understand  whether  Mr.  Shirley 

is  inquiring  for  paintings  of  the  dodo,  but  if  early 

engravings  are  sought  for,  there  is  one  in  Hulsius  s 

^'oijages,  in  part  ii.  of  the  "  Dutch  Voyages  to  the 

East  Indies,"  with  the  following  description  (it 

is  marked  No.  2.  in  the  plate)  : — 

"  No.  2,  (lie  so  t^oss  aevn  als  bey  uns  die  Schwanen, 
mit  ^ossen  Kopffen,  und  haben  auff  dem  Kopff  ein  Pell, 
gleich  als  wonn  sic  ein  Kappen  darauff  batten  ;  sie  haben 
keine  Fludem  an  dem  ortb  da  die  Fluff  el  aiehen  solten  ; 
hal)en  sie  drey  oder  vier  scbwartze  Federlein  unnd  da 
der  Schwantz  siehen  soke :  babcn  sic  4  oder  5  klein  ge- 
krummete  IMlaum  fedem  seyn  von  Farben  grawlich. 
Wir  nenncn  sie  \Valo-V<x;kl.  Erstlich  auss  der  ursach 
dass  jelan^er  sie  gesotten  wurden,  je  zeher  sie  zu  e5sen 
waren.  Je  doch  war  der  Mageu  saiript  der  Brust  fazt 
gut." 

Anon. 

Milton's  Handwriting  (4»»»  S.  iv.  2/]2,  203.)— 
Since  the  appearance  of  Sir  William  Titers 
letter,  I  have  again  examined  with  great  care  the 
fac-siniile  given  by  Sotheby  of  the  sonnet  in 
Rosse's  Mel  IlcUcominn,  As  a  result  of  this 
examination  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion,  not 
only  that  the  handwriting  is  not  Milton's,  but 
that  it  is  not  even  a  good  imitation,  and  certainly 
not  "  very  like  it,"  as  Sir  W.  Tite  says.  It  is 
probably  a  modern  forgery.  Mr.  Bond,  whose 
authority  on  questions  of  this  kind  is  infinitely 
higher  than  Sotheby's,  condemned  it  long  since. 
If  any  one  will  take  the  trouble  to  compare 
Sotheby's  fac-simile  of  the  sonnet  with  his  fac- 
similes of  the  Trinity  MS.,  I  think  he  will  allow 
that  my  opinion  was  not  too  decidedly  expressed. 

William  Aldis  Wright. 

Trin.  Coll 


Cambridf:je. 


Erse  Words  denoting  the  Moon  (4***  S.  iv.  4, 
229.) — 1  do  not  find  hiati  in  Crogeen's  Manx  Die* 
tionan/,  but  hnir,  Iheuiy  Iheiun,  eayst,  re,  ray  are  all 
traceable.  If  lunn,  hine,  Iheiny  Iheiun  be  deter- 
mined modifications  of  the  Latin  /mwa,  there  need 
be  no  more  said  about  them ;  but  when  we  con- 
sider the  epithets  bestowed  on  the  moon,  there 
appears  to  be  a  probable  relationship  to  the  Manx 


generally  used  that  word,  but  not  always;  for 

Uregeen  says : — 

"RE=the  moon,  one  of  the  names  of  the  moon;  the 
same  word  which  the  Rev.  Wm.  Shaw  gives  in  his  Gaelic 
IHctionary  for  moon,  although  the  translators  of  the 
Bible  have  written  it  ray  (Isa.  Ix.  19),  the  same  as  a  ray 
©flight." 

And  although  eayst-noa  means  a  new  moon,  yet 
re-hoUys  vooar  y  tCoityr  means  the  great  harvest 
moonlight,  and  re-hoUys  vooar  ny  gabby  I  means 
the    moonlight    that    immediately    follows    the 
former  j  which  applications  of  re  evidently  incor- 
porate the  word  in  Manx  usage.     The  Manx  ree 
IS  masculine,  and  means  king;  the  Manx  re  is 
feminine,  and  means  moon.    The  Manx  yrian  = 
sun  is  considered  of  both  genders,  and  as  he  is 
poetically  styled  the  king  of  day,  and  the  moon 
the  queen  of  night,  the  association  is  obvious; 
and  the  deification  of  the  masculine  almost  implies 
as  much  of  the  feminine,  as  the  names  of  the 
Manx  days  of  the  week  illustrate.    The  Manx 
word  for  month  is  mee,  and  for  age  is  eash — a  pos- 
sible approximation  to  eaystj  seeing  that  the  moon 
is   concerned  in  many  computations.      Let  us, 
however,  see  if  eayst  and  re  may  be  derived  as 
follows : — As,  then,  both  sun  and  moon  are  popu- 
larly said  to  rise,  and  the  word  irr  or  irree  means 
*to  rise,  and  irree-nv-gremney  means  the  rising  of 
the  sun ;  also,  as  the  moon  is  popularly  said  to 
shine  with  borrowed  light  lent  by  the  sun,  and 
eeassit  means  lent  or  borrowed,  it  seems  not  un- 
likely that  eayst  may  imply  dependence  on  another, 
and  that  its  other  nftme  re,  and  the  sun's  name 
griaUf  may  both  be  related  to  irree,  and  derive  their 
respective  names  irom  the  apparent  act  which 
that  verb  expresses.    Also,  as  the  masculine  ree=: 
king,  we  may  by  personification  justly  now  con- 
sider the  femmine  re  =  queen ;  and  could  personi- 
fication be  so  established,  why  then  both  eayst 
and  re  would  imply,  if  not  prove,  corresponding 
deification  and  relative  worship,  which  would  be 
confirmed  by  the  almost  conclusive  derivation  of 
eayst  from  y  yee  astyr  =  the  god  of  the  evening, 
or  the  evening  god.  J.  Bealb. 

The  Seven  Agks  of  Man  (3'**  S.  xii.  146.) — I 
have  already  pointed  out  the  description  of  seven 
ages  of  man  in  the  old  poem  entitled  '^This 
World  is  but  a  Vanyte."  I  have  jiist  come  across 
a  paragraph  in  Arnold's  Chronicle  (ed.  1811,  p.  167) 
which  seems  worth  noting.  Arnold  is  supposed 
to  have  died  about  a.d.  1621 :  — 

•*  The  vij  Ages  of  Man  Kuing  m  the  World.—Thti  fnrst 
age  is  infaode  and  lastith  from  y*  byrth  vnto  vij.  yere  of 
age.  The  ij.  childbed  aod  endurith  vnto  xv.  yere  age. 
The  iij.  age  u  adholocencye  and  endurith  vnto  xxv.  yere 
age.  The  Uii.  age  is  youthe  and  endarith  vnto  xxxv. 
yere  Bgt.    llie  v.  age  is  manhod  aod  endurith  vnto  I. 


304 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«J»  8.  IV.  Oct.  9,  '69. 


yere  age.  The  vi.  apje  is  [elde?]  *  and  lasteth  vnto  Ixx. 
yere  age.  The  vij.  age  of  man  is  crepill  and  cndurith 
vnto  dethe." 

Walter  W.  Skeat. 

1,  Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

St.  DouLouGii  (4**'  S.  iv.  235.) — Sir  Thomas 
WnwiNOTON  will  find  full  particulars  of  this 
ancient  structure  in  D' Alton's  County  of  Dublin^ 
vol.  i.  p.  222.  Mr.  D' Alton  follows  Lanigan  in 
the  belief  that  this  chapel  or  shrine  was  erected 
by  natives,  and  not  by  Danes. 

There  is  one  thing  quite  certain,  that  it  was  in 
existence  in  the  year  11 78,  for  Archbishop  O'Toole 
granted  the  chapel  of  St.  Doulogb's,  with  the 
tithes  thereof,  to  Christchurch. 

Archdall,  in  his  Monasttconj  p.  253,  states : — 

**  There  was  also  an  ancient  abbey  here  ;  for  we  find 
that  St.  Dulech,  son  of  Amaigad,  son  of  Sinell,  &c.  is 
honoured  at  Clochar,  near  Faeldriom,  in  Fingall,  on  the 
17th  November." 

LlOM.  F. 

GoTJGH,  A  Surname  (4'*'  S.  iii.  426.) — I  have 
been  hoping  that  my  distinguished  namesake; 
Mr.  John  Gough  Nichols,  or  some  other  able 
contributor  to  "  N.  &  Q."  would  reply  to  W. 
C.  B.'s  query  touching  the  derivation  of  this  sur- 
name. 

Mr.  M.  A.  Lower,  I  am  told,  states  in  his  work 
on  British  SurnaineSj  that  Gough  is  Welsh,  and 
means  red. 

There  is  a  French  adjective  goffe,  signifying 
awkward,  ill-shaped;  and  there  is  an  Italian 
adjective  goffo^  which  is  interpreted  foolish,  ig- 
norant, stupid. 

"A.  Gofte,"  in  1629-30,  acted  in  one  of  Mas- 
singer's  plays. 

The  Latin  gohius  is  translated  by  Dr.  Smith  as 
^*  a  fish  of  small  value,  probably  a  gudgeon." 
Shakspeare  gives  the  name  "  Gobbo  "  to^  Launce- 
lot,  in  the  Merchant  of  Venice, 

If  this  subject  be  further  discussed  in  your 
pages,  I  for  one  shall  feel  glad.  J.  G. 

Brunetto  Lates'i  (4^*»  S.  iv.  174.)— The  letter 
quoted  by  Mr.  Davenport  is  taken  from  Edwards' 
Libraries  and  Founders  of  Libraries^  who  gives  as 
his  authoritv  a  MS.  volume  by  Lady  Macclesfield 
on  "  The  Early  History  of  Shirbum."  I  find 
another  indication  of  Latini's  visit  to  England  in 
Chambers's  Book  of  Dags,  vol.  L  p.  668,  but  will 
not  take  up  space  by  quoting  from  a  work  so 
ea^  of  access.  A  writer  in  "  N.  &  Q."  Aug.  19, 
18d5,  J.  M.,  mentions  that  the  early  volumes  of 
the  Monthly  Magazine  contain  letters  said  to  be 
translated  from  Brunetto  Latini,  who  is  asserted 
to  have  been  in  England  in  the  time  of  Henry  III. 
and  to  have  had  an  interview  with  Roger  Bacon, 
in  which  a  variety  of  discoveries  were  communi- 
cated, such  as  the  mode  of  making  gunpowder, 

•  A  blank  space  here.  Probably  it  should  be  elde,  i.  e. 
old  age. 


the  virtues  of  the  magnet,  &c.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  verify  this  assertion,  and  should  be  glad 
of  information  on  the  subject.  Ditchfield. 

Hogarth's  "  LADr's  Last  Stake  "  (4"»  S.  ir. 
116.) — The  picture  was  engraved  by  Mr.  Cheese- 
man,  and  published  May  8,  1826,  by  Hurst, 
Robinson,  &  Co.  The  size  24  in.  by  19  in.  A 
proof  before  the  writing  is  in  the  British  Museum. 
(Nichols's  Anecdotes  of  HogaHh,  1833,  p.  253.) 
At  p.  339  he  refers  to  an  anecdote  in  the  QenUe* 
ina^s  Magazine f  1822,  ii.  487,  by  which  it  appears 
that  Hogarth  intended  the  lady  as  a  portrait  of 
Miss  Salusbury,  afterwards  Mrs.Thrale  and  Piozzi, 
at  the  age  of  sixteen.  Mrs.  Piozzi  relates  how 
Hogarth  came  to  paint  the  picture  from  her  and 
for  her,  in  her  Autobiography  and  Letters  published 
by  Mr.  Hayward.  A  small  engraving  of  it  ia 
prefixed  to  the  second  volume.  The  picture  is 
now  at  the  Duke  of  Richmond's  at  Goodwood. 

DlTCHFIELB. 

The  Taurobolium  and  Krioboliuic  (4**»  8. 
iv.  6.) — Mr.  Mac  Cabe  will  find  further  informa- 
tion in  Fleetwood's  Sylloge,  p.  11,  Reinedus' 
Syntagma^  note  on  Class  I.  40,  Fabretti's  Imcrip, 
AsUiq.  ExpKc.y  p.  665,  and  Creuzer's  Syndtolik, 
ii.  n.  386.  The  inscription  (noticed  by  D511inger) 
in  Mommsen's  Inscript,  Beg,  Neapol,  n.  2602,  re- 
lates to  Ventts  Ccclestis,  and  the  date  assigned  to 
it,  133  A.D.,  seems  not  quite  certain.  As  to  the 
question  whether  the  rites  were  in  any  way  con- 
nected with  Christianity,  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  the  TauroboUum  of  the  fourth  century  (if  not 
of  a  previous  period)  was  a  mixture  of  the  cultus 
of  Cybole  and  Mithras  with  the  addition  of  some 
Christian  principles  and  terms,  such  as  pcrcipere 
and  in  aternum  renatus,  J.  M'O. 

Toronto. 

CoBHAM  Family  (4^»»  S.  iv.  197,  247.)— Some 
account  of  the  Cobhams  will  be  found  in  the 
Brit.  Mus.  Additional  MS.  16,279,  p.  326  et  seq. 

John  de  Cobham,  son  of  the  Countess  Marsaal^ 
was  of  the  Kentish  stock.  Sir  John  de  Cobham 
(father  of  the  first  Baron  Cobham),  Justice  K.  B., 
who  died  in  28  Edw.  I.,  by  his  wife  Joan  de  Sept- 
vans,  had  a  younjrer  son  llalph.  This  Sir  Rf^h 
de  Cobham,  by  Mary  the  Countess  Marshal,  was 
father  of  John  de  Cobham,  who  was  living  in 
41  Edw.  III.  1367.  B.  W.  Grbenfibld. 

Southampton. 

Regent's  C axal  (4}^  S.  iv.  233.)  —  The  old 
Fleet  River  came  out  at  the  comer  of  Clarence 
Road,  under  the  Kentish  Town  Road,  across 
JeiFery  Street,  to  the  Camden  Road,  and  upon  the 
bed  of  which  tlie  Regent's  Canal  was  made  to 
King's  Road,  where  it  turned  off  southward  hj 
the  liime  Wharf  under  Pratt  Street,  and  so  on 
past  Goodall's  Works.  In  1837  the  sewer  was 
made  in  College  Street,  when  the  Fleet  River 
was  diverted  into  it.    If  Cavdex  should  write 


4<i'  S.  IV.  Oct.  9,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


305 


again,  I  should  like  to  know  what  work  of  Timbs 
contains  the  account  of  the  Fleet. 

I  shall  be  pleased  if  IIerme>'trude  or  Tewars 
can  give  mo  an  answer  to  my  query  in  4***  S.  iv.  96, 
upon  the  Cansick  family. 

I  find  in  l)e  Bernardy's  list  of  persons  wanted 
to  unclaimed  property  a  Mary  Uansick.  Who 
was  she  ^  R.  Brown. 

Kensington. 

Reremouse  (4'**  S.  iv.  254.) — In  the  Manipulua 
Vocabiilorum  of  the  E.  E.  T.  Society's  publica- 
tions this  word  is  rendered  batj  from  the  A.-S. 
hrere-mu-H.  Under  it  is  the  note,  "  Reremouse,  or 
backe  which  Hyeth  in  the  darcke,  nycteris,  ves- 
pertilio."  (Huloet.) 

One  meaning  of  rere  given  in  the  Babees  Book 
is  late^  and  it  is  used  in  connection  with  suppers 
both  in  that  and  Hymns  to  the  Virgin  and  Christ, 
May  not  the  reremottse,  then,  be  the  late-mouse  on 
the  strength  of  its  habits  and  its  Latin  equiva- 
lent ?  I  am  the  rawest  of  tyros  in  this  kind  of 
learning,  and  throw  out  the  notion  as  a  mere 
conjecture.  Messrs.  Skeat,  Furnivall,  &c.  will 
therefore,  I  trust,  be  merciful,  and  correct  me,  if 
wrong,  with  mildness.  For  this  they  will  earn 
my  grateful  thanks.  Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

^Patching  Rectory. 

The  question  put  is,  whether  rere  is  derived 
from  hrcran,  to  flutter,  or  from  hrerej  raw?  The 
answer  I  consider  must  be  the  former,  for  it  de- 
scribes a  peculiarity  of  this  animal.  White,  in 
his  Selhorne,  savs  the  bat  — 

"  would  take  flies  out  of  a  person's  hand;  if  you  gave  it 
anj'thinjx  to  eat,  it  brought  its  winps  round  before  the 
mouth,  hover'nif]  and  hidinff  its  head  in  the  mamier  of 
birds  of  prey  when  they  feed." 

Daniell  {Zoolorj.  Soc^  Xov.  11,  1834)  says:  — 

"  The  bhio-bottU'  flies  approaching  within  range  of  the 
bat's  win^s  were  struck  down  by  their  action,  the  animal 
itself  falling'  at  the  same  moment  with  all  its  membranes 
expanded,  and  covering  over  the  prostrate  fly,  with  its 
head  thrust  under  in  order  to  secure  its  prey.  .  .  .  Masti- 
cation appeared  to  be  a  laboured  operation,  consisting  of 
a  succensiou  of  ea^jer  bites  and  snaps,  and  the  sucking 
process  (if  it  may  be  so  termed),  by  which  the  insect  was 
drawn  into  the  mouth,  beinjL^  much  assisted  by  the  loose- 
ness of  the  lii)"^.  Several  minutes  were  employed  in 
devouring  a  large  fly." 

But  the  peculiarity  of  its  flight  may  have  first 
given  the  bat  the  name  of  flitter  or  flutter-mouse. 

The  oth^M'  opinion,  that  it  is  derived  from  hr^re^ 
raw,  appears  to  bo  an  obiter  dictum.  The  bat 
cannot  be  considered  more  raw  than  any  other 
imcooked  animal ;  nor  does  the  word  rear  («  moitie 
cuit)^  as  appli»^d  to  meat  not  sufficiently  done  for 
some  tastes,  mean  raw.  T.  J.  BucKTOH'. 

Samuel  Speed  (4^»»  S.  iii.  263;  iv.  11.)— Mr. 
Grosart  will  lind  an  account  of  this  author  in 
Bray  ley's  Histoi-y  of  Surrey,  vol.  v.  p.  508,  note ; 
wMch,  however,  confuses  him  with  his  name- 


sake, unless  Wood  is  wrong  and  this  "  pretender 

to  poetry  *'  and  the  Canon  of  Christchurcli  are 

one  and  the  same  person.    This  account  does  not 

mention  him  as  tne  author  of  Prison  Fietie,  but 

states  that  he 

**  Was  imprisoned  in  Ludgate.  This,  however,  was  not 
the  first  prison  with  the  internal  economy  of  which  he 
had  made  himself  acquainted  ;  for  in  1675  [1674]  he 
published  a  tract  intituled  Fragmenta  Careens;  or,  tfte 
King*8  Bench  Sduffle,  ^c." 

The  bibliograpbies  assign  both  Prison  PieUe 
and  Fragmenta  Carceris  to  the  same  author,  but 
it  seems  odd  that  the  coarse  and  ribald  verses  of 
the  latter  should  so  soon  be  followed  by  others  of 
so  different  a  strain.  James  Delano. 

Chaucer's  Chronology  (4^*»  S.  ii.  271.) — I 
have  proved  clearly,  in  the  passage  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
above  referred  to,  that  Chaucer  was  quite  right 
in  linking  the  month  of  April  with  the  fact  of  the 
sun  being  in  the  constellation  (not  the  sig^i)  of  the 
Ram.  It  is  clear  that,  to  be  consistent,  he  must 
put  the  sun,  in  the  month  of  May^  in  the  constel- 
lation of  the  Bull,  It  escaped  my  notice  at  the 
time  (as  it  seems  to  have  escaped  the  notice  of 
every  one  else)  that  this  is  just  the  yery  thing 
which  he  has  actually  done.  Here  is  the  pas- 
sage : — 

"  In  May^  that  moder  is  of  monthes  gladde,    .    .    . 
When  Phebus  dothe  his  bryghte  hemes  sprede 
Ryght  in  the  white  Boot,  it  so  bytydde 
As  1  shal  synge.     On  Mayes  day  the  thridde,**  dtc. 

Troilus  and  Cressula,  bk.  ii.  first  stanza  (if  rightly 
numbered). 

It  ought  also  to  be  noted  that  there  is  a  similar 
passage  in  the  first  stanza  of  *^  The  Complaint  of 
the  Black  Knight." 

On  the  third  of  May,  which  answers  to  the 
eleventh  day  noWy  the  sim  was  in  the  twenty- 
second  degree  of  Taurus,  which  answers  to  tne 
twenty-eighth  now,  owing  to  the  precession  of 
the  equinoxes.  This  makes  the  sun's  place  to  be 
very  near  indeed  to  the  Pleiades,  which  are  con- 
sidered to  form  part  of  the  Bull.  Chaucer  is 
here  again  quite  nght,  as  becomes  one  who  wrote 
on  the  astrolabe.  I  have  already  pointed  out  that 
he  elsewhere  puts  the  sun  in  June  in  the  constel- 
lation Gemini,  but  in  the  sign  Cancer.  All  these 
statements  agree  together,  and  the  question  la 
thus  most  completely  settled. 

Walter  W.  Skeat. 

1,  Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

CucKOOPENNERS  (4""  S.  iv.  233.)— Surely  these 
must  be  an  offshoot  from  a  village  of  ancient  re- 
nown in  the  county  of  Notts,  alluded  to  in  the 
following  little  *'  Mery  Tale,"  reprinted  by  Mr, 
J.  0.  HaUiwell :  — 

"  On  a  time  the  men  of  Gotham  fain  would  have 
pinn'd  in  the  cuckow,  whereby  she  should  sing  all  the 
year;  and  in  the  midst  of  the  town  they  had  a  hedge 
made  round  in  compass,  and  they  had  got  a  cuckow,  and 


306 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  CfiT.  9,  'Gft. 


pnt  her  into  it;  and  said,  *  Sing  here,  and  you  shall  lack 
neither  meat  nor  drink  all  the  year.'  The  cuckow,  when 
flhe  perceived  herself  encompassed  within  the  hedge,  she 
flew  away.  'A  vengeance  on  her/  said  the  wise  men, 
*  we  made  not  our  hedge  high  enough.' " 

S.  H.  IIaelowe. 

In  answer  to  an  inquiry  as  to  the  origin  of  the 
term  *'  Cuckoopenners,"  applied  to  a  cncket  club 
in  Somersetshire;  may  I  oe  allowed  to  suggest 
that  it  arises  from  a  well-known  Somersetshire 
legend,  of  sometliing  the  same  character  as  the 
tradition  of  the  Wiltshire  folk  raking  the  moon 
out  of  a  pool  for  green  cheese. 

The  Someraetsliire  story  is,  that  some  wise 
men  in  the  olden  times  determined  to  solve  the 
mystery  that  surrounded  the  cuckoo ;  whether  it 
hid  itself  during  the  winter,  or  lost  its  voice, 
or  became  changed  into  a  hawk — all  of  which 
theories  had  their  supporters.  With  this  view, 
these  Solomons  of  Somerset  took  an  unfledged 
cuckoo  from  the  nest,  and  built  a  hi;;h  wall 
aromid  it.  Within  this  enclosure  the  bird  was 
kept,  and  well  fed  and  attended  to,  like  a  prisoner 
of  state.  Meantime  the  wise  men  watched  for 
the  metamorphoses,  and  the  country  was  on  the 
qui  vive  for  the  discovery  of  the  mystery  which 
bad  surrounded  the  cuckoo  for  so  many  centuries. 
The  bird  quietly  grubbed  until  it  was  fledged, 
when  it  spread  its  wings  and  easily  flew  over  the 
high  wall  and  escaped.  The  wise  men  had  for- 
gotten to  roof  their  enclosure — ^they  had  penned 
uie  cuckoo,  but  had  forgotten  that  it  would  fly, 
80  it  escaped  without  paying  poundage.  Hence 
they  were  derisively  called  "  CxicVoo-pennerSy^ 
after  the  same  manner  as  the  Wiltshire  moon- 
rakers.  L.  R.  J. 

Wilkie:  "Reading  the  Will"  (4»»»  S.  iv. 
234)  —  The  picture  described  in  the  catalogue  of 
the  new  Pinncothek  at  Munich  is  the  original  by 
Sir  David  Wilkie.  It  was  a  commission  to  the 
artist  from  the  King  of  Bavaria,  and  was  tinished 
in  1820,  in  which  year  it  appeared  at  the  exhibition 
of  the  Royal  Academy.  (Annah  of  the  Fine  Arts^ 
V.  393.)  On  the  arrival  of  the  picture  at  Munich,  it 
was  placed  in  the  king's  private  cabinet,  where 
it  remained  till  the  death  of  that  monarch. 
Shortly  after  this  event  Wilkie,  rambling  over 
the  Continent  in  search  of  health,  found  himself 
in  Munich  in  company  with  his  friend  Mr.  W. 
Woodbum.  Desirous  of  inspecting  his  work  of 
bjgone  years,  Wilkie  sought  for  permission  of 
•entrance  for  himself  and  friend  from  the  succeed- 
ing monarch,  by  whose  special  mandate  the  mor- 
tuary seals  affixed  to  the  door  of  the  late  king's 
cabinet  were  broken,  and  the  artist  had  the 
gratification  of  once  more  beholding  his  cele- 
brated production.  An  interesting  account  of  this 
visit  is  given  in  a  privately  printed  pamphlet 
before  me,  entitled  — 


**  A  Letter  to  Charles  Stonhouse,  Esq.,  formerly  Pupil 
of  Sir  David  Wilkie.  By  Edward  VVilles,  Esq.,"  8va, 
(Lausanne),  1842,  pp.  36. 

Shortly  after  the  period  of  this  visit,  tbe  paint- 
ing, as  the  production  of  a  living  artist,  was  trans* 
ferred  to  Schleisiieim,  a  desertea  palace  of  the 
Bavarian  electors,  about  seven  miles  from  the 
capital,  and  is  so  described  in  Murrav's  Hcmdbook 
for SoutheniGermani/ylStiYf  1^.49.  It  is  now  finally 
restored  to  the  magnificent  art-palace  at  Munich, 
and  there  worthily  vindicates  tbe  claims  of  fie 
British  school  of  painting.         William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 

Antecessor  (4'*'  S.  iv.  233.)  —  I  cannot  help 
thinking  that  R.  C  L.  has  been  singularlv  unfor- 
tunate m  the  choice  of  his  very  agreeable  illus- 
tration, as,  in  keeping  with  the  strict  etymological 
meaning  of  the  word  predecessor ,  it  tells  directly 
against  him.  Had  R.  C.  L.  been  the  fortunate 
individual  to  whom  this  supposed  benevolent 
gentleman  had  '*  handed  over  his  estate,"  then  he 
would  have  been  R.  C.  L.*s  decessor ;  but  as  it  was 
banded  over  to  his  father,  he  becomes  his  pre-' 
decessor,  the  relationship  between  them  reaching 
farther  back,  *'  decessorem  pnedecessoremque  ves- 
trum."  {Casstod.  Var,  iv.  44.)  But  antecessor  IB 
one  who  has  gone  before  another  without  any 
relation  to  time  whatever :  a  dozen  may  have  in- 
tervened, but  he  is  as  truly  the  antecessor  of  the 
twelfth  as  he  is  of  the  first.  Being  what  would 
be  called  in  logic  a  generic  term,  it  may  be  predi- 
cated of  every  kindred  term  which  comes  beneath 
it.  Whence  Mr.  Gladstone  was  perfectly  justi- 
fied in  using  it  as  a  simple  convertible  of  prede^ 
cessor.  The  fact  of  the  gentleman*s  living  in  his 
old  home  as  a  fftiest,  after  he  had  given  it  away, 
is  nothing  to  the  purpose.  Ovmership  is  the 
question  ;  and  if  he  has  transferred  this  to  another, 
that  other  is  the  possessor^  and  he,  be  he  dead  or 
alive — for  this  makes  no  difference — ^is  deceseor^ 
prtcdecessorj  or  antecessor^  as  the  case  may  be. 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Rectorj%  Arundel. 

CnowDER  Tarty  (4*''  S.  iv.  157,  244.)— Your 
correspondent  W.  T.  M.  is  doubtless  aware  of  the 
custom,  some  years  ago,  of  the  chowder-eatinff 
upon  the  banks  of  Newfoundland  during  the  g^ooa 
times,  long  since  gone  past,  of  the  American 
liners — when  it  was  the  custt^m  to  catch  the  fish 
and  make  a  chowder.  It  is  related  of  Lord  Dal- 
housie,  who  was  Governor  of  Nova  Scotia  from 
1810  to  1820,  that  during  his  voyage  from  Eng- 
land to  assume  his  government,  upon  his  arrival 
on  the  banks  in  question,  the  crew  were  set  to 
fish,  and  thev  were  successful — and  a  chowder 
was  made.  Lord  Dalhousie  often  told  this  inci- 
dent at  his  table  in  Halifax,  N.S.  Lord  Derb/, 
in  his  voyage  to  the  United  States,  probably  con- 
formed to  this  custom  on  the  banks ;  if  so,  the 
noble  earl  has  doubtless  a  pleasant  recollection  of 


4"'  8.  IV,  Oct.  9, 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


SOT 


hia  chowder  party  on  board  "The  Canada"  in 
1824. 

There  appears  to  be  a  difTereoce  of  opinion  as 
-to  the  making  of  this  dish.  John  U.  Bartlett,  in 
}aa  Didionari/  of  Americantsnts,  iBoaton,  U.S.,  1859 
(p.  81),  gives  the  following  definition  of — 

"  CnowiiKB.  A  favourite  disli  in  Kcw  Enj-lanJ,  made 
offish,  potk,  onions,  snd  biscaiC,  stewed  tof;ctber.  Cider 
and  clmnpaKnc  are  someiimes  added.      Pic-nic  parties 

pared  bf  thimaeJves  in  Mime  grove  near  tbe  beacb,  from 
Sab  caugbC  at  the  same  time." 

GroBe  describes  tbe  same  as  a  sea  dish.  Wrigbt, 
in  the  TJnicersal  Prunounctni/  Dictionary  (i.  639), 
noticea  chowder  thus :  — 

•>  Ci[owiti:n.  A  disli  of  fisb,  boiled  with  bisi 
In  the  Vfe^t  uf  Kngland,  cUowder-bcer  19  a  liqu 
b^  boilinj;  black  tprucc  in  vater,  and  mixing 
molaases." 

Chowder  parties  are 
EngUnd  States  — both 
Brunswick  tbette  social  gatheringaaie  very  fashion- 
able. In  England,  some  forty  jears  ago,  corned 
talmoD,  mixed  with  potatoes  and  baked  in  tbe 
<yv6B,  was  known  by  the  name  of  clioicder.  The 
word  itself  must  be  of  English  origin. 

Q.  3.  SflEiBS. 

Brompton. 

Vblocipedes  (4"'  S.  It.  121, 240.)— Velocipedes 
ware  introduced  about  the  year  1817.  They  were 
at  first  made  heavy  and  clumsy,  of  wood,  worked 
by  the  feet  treading  on  the  ground,  and  vei^  un- 
ineldy  to  manage.  I  speak  from  some  experience. 
I  had  one  soon  after  their  introduction,  and  could 
go  at  a  good  pace  upon  it  on  level  ground,  and  of 
course  much  f«ster  down  hill.  In  tbia  case  no 
motion  of  the  feet  was  requisite;  but  with  feet 
outstretched  and  resting  on  the  iron  of  the  front 
wheel,  you  went  merrily  down,  the  dandy-horse 
going  the  whole  way  by  its  own  impetus.  It  was 
all  80  far  very  pleasant,  but  the  least  ascent  re- 
quired laborious  working,  and  any  ordinary  bill 
obliged  the  rider  to  pull  bis  horse  after  him,  in- 
Btead  of  beiuir  carried  by  it.  Tbe  great  objection 
to  the  old  velocipede  was  that  in  your  progress, 
and  particularly  when  going  at  a  great  pace  down 
hill,  the  wheels  threw  up  constantly  gravel  and 
small  8t«nes,  and  if  one  of  these  got  into  the  front 
wheel  your  progress  was  suddenly  slopped,  you 
were  without  any  notice  thrown  forward,  and  the 
bind  wheel  was  seen  whirling  round  over  your  | 
head.  I  bad  many  of  these  sudden  falls  forward,  , 
but  provideiilially  escaped  any  serious  injury,  , 
These  shocks,  however,  were  exactly  calculated  to  ! 
produce  hernia;  and  the  dread  of  them  was  enough 
to  induce  many  to  ptve  up  the  dandy-horse,  as  it  , 
did.  F.C.H.    I 

Dahiei,  Defok's  First  Publication  (4'"  S.  iv.  I 
2B2.)— If  Mr.  William  Lee  refers  to  Flexmon's 
CkroKologtcal  Account  of  the  Works  of  Dr.  GiJbert  . 


Burnet,  appended  to  the  Oxford  edition  (1833)  of 
Burnet's  Jliatory  of  His  Ovm  Time,  he  will  find 
at  p.  367  of  voL  vi.  duly  catalogued  the  tract  he 
has  attributed  to  Daniel  Defoe  in  his  recently 
published  Zife. 

a.  R.  TowNBHZND  Maieb,  FJl.S.L. 

An  Ohen  of  Ill-lttck  {4""  S,  iv.  213.) — In 
Shropshire,  about  Shifihal,  it  is  thought  veir  un- 
lucky to  place  a  pair  of  bellows  or  a  pair  of  new 
boots  on  a  table.  If  vou  do  so,  thera  will  cer- 
tainly be  a  quarrel  in  tne  household. 

M.  D.  says  that  in  his  neighbourhood  this 
superposition  of  bellows  on  table  is  of  ill-omen; 
but  be  does  not  say  where  his  neigh  bo  tirhood  is. 
So  also  in  the  same  number  of  "N.&Q."  ANons 
Parson,  speaking  of  one  of  bis  servants,  says  that 
in  her  village  it  is  the  custom  to  do  so  and  so ;  but 
he  does  not  tell  us  what  her  village  is. 

When  the  Mulligan  was  asked  where  he  lived, 
and  replied  vaguely  "Out  there,"  be  did  at  least 
wave  bis  hand  in  tbe  direction  of  Oxford  Street ; 
but  here  we  have  notes  of  local  customs,  and  nc 
mention  of  the  localities  where  they  prevail. 

A.  J.  M. 

Col.  Valbhtine  Waiton  U'^  S.  iv.  216.) — 
'When  Valentine  Wauton  (not  Walton)  made  his 
escape  to  the  Continent,  he  took  with  him  some 
papers,  and  perhaps  among  them  the  "  Hiatorj' 
mentioned  by  Heame.  A  foreign  gentleman  on 
a  visit,  in  1T85,  to  Lord  Ludlow  at  Great  SUugh- 
ton  (Wauton'a  forfeited  estate),  said  Uiat  CoL 
Wauton's  title-deeds  were  then  at  Tours. 

Joseph  Bix,  U.D. 
St.  Keots. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC 

Tht  Firit  Buat  of  Commm  /"rayir  af  Eibcard  Vi.  md 

The  Ordi^l  n/lM9,  togithtt  arith   Ikt  Order  of  thi 

Cvmmtinion,  1548.    Rfpnnttd  tTUire^  and  edited  by  B«v. 

H.  B.  Walton,  M.A.,  &c.     Wilh  an  IniToductim  ba 

Rev.  P.  G.  Uedd,  M.A.,  &<:.    (Riviogtoas.) 

Tbe  documents  in  the  present  little  volume  are  nn- 

HueetionaUy  of  great  importance  inilluBtratingthahiitory 

i)t'  our  litur^,  and  aa  such  the  book  viU  be  welcome  to 

ill  English  Churchmen.     It  contain?— first,  a  carefiil  aad 

accurate  reproduction,  in  a  modem  rorm,  of  the  edition  of 

Thi  flou*o/"C™m™iVojffr  issued  by  Wbitchurche,JnnO 

le,  1649.  which  is  the  latest  edition  of  our  first  Praver- 

Book,  as  finallv  arranged.      Secondlv,  The  Order  ofOu 

Commttnion  o/lMfl,  which,  although  originally  distri- 

linied  by  thousands  for  use  throughnat  the  coimtr;,  is 

uDw  extnmely  scarce,  tbe  extant  copies  extiibiting  inch 

appreciable  variations  as  to  indicate  lour  different  issues. 

Thirdly,  The  Ordinc 


served  at  Lamtieth, 


rt  before  evety  lover  of  true  ptwliy. 


308 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


li^  S.  IV.  Oct.  9,  '69. 


«  Christabel,"  "  Kubla  Khan,"  "The  Rime  of  the  Ancient 
Mariner,"  and  all  Coleridge's  exquisite  lyrics  beautifully 
printed,  and  introduced  by  a  prefatory  essay  on  Coleridge 
oy  Mr.  Swinburne,  which,  if  not  free'  from  some  of  that 
writer*s  faults,  is  replete  with  genius  and  originality. 

Books  Received  :  — 

TTie  Thoughts  of  the  Emperor  Jtf".  Aureliw  Antoninus  trans- 
lated hy  George  Long.  Second  EcUiion  revised  and  com- 
pared.    (Bell  &  Daldy.) 
This  edition,  carefully  revised,  and  to  which  the  editor 

has  added  a  few  corrections  and  a  few  notes,  has  a  very 

pungent  introductory  note  not  likely  to  be  reprinted  in 

America. 

The  True  Story  of  Lord  and  Lady  Byron  as  told  by  Lord 
Mdcaulay,  Thomas  Moore^  Leigh  Hunt,  Thomas  Camp- 
bdl,  the  Countess  of  Blessington,  Lord  Lindsay,  the 
Countess  Guiccioli,  by  Lady  Byron^  and  by  the  Poet 
himself,  in  Answer  to  Mrs,  Seecher  Stowe,     (Hotten.) 

A  useful  little  collection  of  the  chief  writings  on  Byron*B 
separation  from  his  wife,  with  an  introduction  interesting 
from  the  account  it  gives  of  the  version  of  Mrs.  Stowe's 
i9ft>ry  .published  by  her  in  America,  and  of  the  passages 
of  it  omitted  in  the  English  edition. 

Mbssbs.  Loxoman's  announcements  for  the  publishing 
4Ka8on  promise  well,  commencing  with  two  new  volumes 
Oil.  and  XII.)  of  Fronde's  «  History  of  England ;  "  The 
rforman  Brings  of  England,"  by  Thomas  Cobbe ;  "Albert 
Dllrer  and  his  Works,"  by  William  B.  Scott ;  Mr.  Bence 
Jones's  *<Life  and  Letters  of  Faraday";  Mr.  Weld's 
**  Notes  on  Burgundy";  and  Mr.  Seymour's  ** Pioneering 
in  the  Pampas ;  "  a  new  edition  of  Shaftesbury's  "  Cha- 
racteristics, and  a  Life  of  the  Author,  by  the  Rev. 
Walter  M.  Hatch;  and,  among  illustrated  works  and 
gift^books,  "  In  Fairy  Land,  a  Poem,"  by  Mr.  Allingham, 
with  illustrations  bv  Doyle;  "  Yikram  and  the  Yampyre, 
«n  adaptation  of  Hindu  Devilry,"  bv  Mr.  Burton,  illus- 
trated by  Griset;  and  "The  Lord's  Prayer  Illustrated," 
by  Pickersgill,  the  woodcuts  being  engraved  by  the 
Brothers  Dalziel. 

The  Academy,  the  new  Literary  Journal,  started  by 
Mr.  Murray,  bids  fair  to  take  the  world  by  storm ;  its 
first  number,  published  to-day,  containing  as  it  does  two 
•artides  of  especial  interest  at  this  moment,  namely,  "  A 
hitherto  unpublished  Document,  written  by  Lord  Byron 
at  Venice  in  1816,  relating  to  his  separation  from  Lady 
Byron ; "  and  "  Tlie  only  True  Account  of  the  Destruction 
of  Lord  Byron's  Autobiography." 

AuTOBiotJRAPHY  OF  Flora  Macdonald. — It  is  re- 
ported that  the  Autobiography  of  this  heroine,  edited  by 
one  of  her  descendants,  will  be  published  at  Edinburgh  in 
the  course  of  the  ensuing  winter. 


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TU8»Ell'ft  FiVK   llirNimKI)  POIKTS  OK  GOOI>  Ul'SilLVNDUY. 
MoNTAdUK'S  SirUY   OK  HKII-VLDUY. 

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aside. 

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rap.  xxxii.  sect.  9,  it  given  in  the  Britiih  Chrunologist,  1.  467*  and  tks 
Oent.  Mag.  liv.  (Part  ii.),  p.  499. 

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aU  England  and  Wales. 

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4-S.lV.  Oci.  1' 


NOTES  AND  QUEEiES. 


V,  SiTUIIDAT,  OCTOBMR  K 


CONTESTS.— N'  9*. 


notes:  — Moden 


n  Psksltiie, 


-  Guild  o 


Bkjtes  —  4  Woman  eurviving  SOTCn  Husbands.  311. 
QUKBJES;—  Peter  Dfgrsycra,  311-"  AB8paoh«p  .jwor 
^milr  — Htotboy  — HllioQ  CMtle  —  Kin?^  E 
Sir  Brim  Tuk 


311 


tion  ■(  Wbbecta  "  - 


m  Stmple,  313. 
RBPLl  E8 ;  —  Sundry  Queries.  315  —  Porl 
— ^iniljof_Sl  ■  .-    -      -    — 

•"'Sui-brown'Mii'ti  "—Greek  "EpiMpb- 

,_     ,  orilir  Desert— •■Violbt.orthBDanseuse' 

e  ol  Ground  —  Ciriuic  —  A  Card  Quer 


o\aKi :  Warm  —  Eobort  Bnriu  —  "  Crom  a  boo  "  —  Gene 
loScal  Queries-FLve  Egm-Leaden  Combs-Milloc 
GrMddanshter-  Ei--"'-~      "— —    '  " 


I  —  "  01*001  a  bi>o 

-  Leaden  Combs      

Portrait  of  Bjron  —  Wood- 


;iT  Tbomas  Morieui  —  Carrlngl  bj 


Note*  on  Boolia,  A 


MODERN  KENITES  IK  PALESTISE, 
The  traveller  in  Palestine  cannot  fail  to  observe 
that,  while  the  Greek  and  Latin  appellations  given 
to  dtieB  durinR  the  period  of  the  Macedonian  and 
Boman  dominfttions  (such  as  Dioapolia,  Nicopolis, 
jElia  Capitolena,  &c.)  have  in  a  great  part  van- 
ished, the  old  Ilehrew  names  have  once  more 
leappearcd,  sliglitly  altered  of  course,  according 
to  the  usual  pracuce  of.  the  Arabs,  the  present 
inhabitants  of  Ihe  country. 

During  the  time  that  the  people  of  Israel  were 
encamped  at  Kadesli,  in  the  second  year  of  the 
e:iodus,  they  undertook,  contrary  to  the  express 
commands  of  Mose9,  a  hostile  eipeditioD  against 
Arad,  a  city  in  the  Amorile  highlands,  in  which 
they  suffered  a  di.^a.strous  defeat.  It  is  interesting, 
at  the  distance  of  thirty-three  centuries,  to  find 
that  we  can  still  discover  the  site  of  Aiad  ia  the 
modem  Arabic  name  of  Tell  Arad. 

But  it  would,  of  course,  be  infinitely  more  in- 
teresting if  we  could  detect,  in  any  part  of  Pales- 
tine at  the  present  day,  the  desccndaiits  of  afamil^ 
connected  by  the  ties  of  affinity  to  Moses;  and  if 
we  could  find  them  still  inhabiliog  the  some 
localities  in  which  they  had  been  stationed  b_y 
Joshua,  and  still  distinguished  by  such  peculian- 
ties  as  may  assi^it  us  in  identifying  them  with 
some  reasonable  degree  of  probability. 


I  am  inclined  to  think  that  such  an  identifier 
tion  may  possibly  be  made.  The  family  to  which 
I  allude  is  that  of  Hobab,  the  brother-in-law  di 
Woaee,  who  acted  as  guide  to  the  people  of  Israel 
in  their  route  from.  Mount  Sinai  through  the 
desert  of  Paran,  and  who,  in  return  for  this  im- 

Ertant  service,  was  promised  a  settlement  in  tha 
id  of  Canaan  after  its  conquest  should  have 
been  efi'ected  (Numb.  x.  29-S2^. 

Let  us  consider  by  what  cnt«ria  the  descend- 
ants of  Hobab  might  possibly  be  traced,  if  thejr 
still  existed  in  Palestine. 

1.  They  are  called  in  Scripture  sometimes 
Midianites,  sometimes  Kenites.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  that  the  term  Midianitee  is  an  ethnic  appel- 
lation, belonging  to  them  sa  a  branch  of  the 
nation  of  Midian,  which,  at  the  period  of  the 
exodus,  was  widely  dispersed  in  vRrious  localiriea 
to  the  soutlk  and  east  of  Canaan. 

It  appears  equally  certun  that  Kenite  ia  not 
a  gentihc  term;  since  we  find  that  there  were 
Kenit«s  among  the  people  of  Canaan  anterior  to 
the  lime  of  Abraham  (Gen.  iv.  19) ;  and  we  also 
find  that  there  were  Kenites  among  the  Midian- 


We  may  asstmie  therefore  that  the  Kenitea, 
like  the  I'erizzites  mentioned  in  the  next  verse  ill 
Oeneds,  obtained  their  appellation  from  their  pe- 
culiar mode  of  life :  as  the  modem  Arabs  are 
divided  into  the  Bedaween,  the  inhabitants  of  the 
desert;  the  Betadeen,  who  dwell  in  cities;  and 
the  Fellaheen,  or  agricultural  Arabs,  who  labonr 
on  the  soil. 

I  think  (and  I  believe  the  suggestion  is  now 
made  for  the  first  time)  that  we  may  safely  de- 
rive Ktai  (a  Keuite)  from  the  noun  ^eA  (a  reed 
or  cane) ;  and  that  Kenite  was  used  as  a  general 
appellation  for  airf  people  who  inhabit^  huts 
constructed  of  reeds  or  canes. 

This  coniectuie  is  rendered  more  probable  when 
we  learn  that,  in  the  very  district  in  which  the 
Kenites  of  Hobab's  family  were  settled,  there  still 
exists  a  people  living  in  huts  of  canes  or  reeds, 
and  distinguished  by  their  peculiar  manners  from 
all  the  people  about  them.  I  believe  thej  are 
the  only  instance  in  modem  Palestine  of  a  people 
domiciled  in  this  mimitive  fashion. 

It  is  true  that  Heber  (a  descendant  of  Hobab, 
and  whose  wife  Jael  is  famous  in  history)  is 
called  Eeber  "the  Kenite"  (Judges  iv.  11), 
although  he  dwelt  in  a  tent  {ohii) ;  but  it  was 

rbably  from  bis  partiality  for  a  nomade  life  that 
separated  himself  from  the  rest  of  his  family, 
and  removed  to  the  north  of  Canaan.  With  the 
same  laxity  ot  expresrion.  the  encampment  of 
Israel  on  tne  east  of  the  Jordan  is  said  to  have 
been  in  tiie  land  of  Moab  (Deut,  i.  5),  although 
the  people  of  Israel  never  entered  Moab  (Judges 
zi.  18),  and  although  the  portion  of  iWsjor- 


310 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ikS.IT.  00T.1«;«. 


dania  where  they  encamped  before  crossing  the 
Jordan  had  long  previously  been  conquered  from 
Moab  by  the  Amorites  under  Sihon  (Numb, 
xxi.  26}. 

2.  The  district  in  which  the  family  of  Hobab 
was  originally  located  by  Joshua  was  in  the 
southern  portion  of  the  Midbar  Yehudah,  or  desert 
of  Judah,  and  to  the  south-east  of  Arad  (Judges 
i.  16).  The  desert  of  Judah  is  a  narrow  strip  of 
country,  extending  from  north  to  south  along  the 
westeni  shores  of  the  Dead  Sea  (Josh.  xv.  61,  62). 
From  hence  they  gradually  spread  themselves 
along  the  whole  of  the  south  border  of  Judah. 
An  Amalekite  colony  had  settled  in  this  region 
previously  to  the  &te  of  the  exodus  (Numb, 
xiv.  45);  and  Saul,  finding  the  Kenites  inter- 
mixed with  these  Amalekites,  ordered  them  to 
separate  from  that  obnoxious  people,  whom  he 
was  commanded  by  the  prophet  oamuel  to  destroy 
(1  Sam.  XV.  6).  After  the  destruction  of  Amalel^ 
the  Kenites  returned  to  their  former  abodes, 
where  they  resided  at  the  time  when  David  and 
his  marauding  company  were  settled  at  Tziklag 
(1  Sam.  xxvii.  10). 

It  is  clear  therefore  that,  if  we  hope  to  discover 
any  traces  of  the  descendants  of  Hobab's  Kenites 
at  the  present  day,  we  must  search  for  them  on 
the  south  coast  of  the  Dead  Sea  and  along  the 
south  border  of  Judah. 

Now  it  happens  that  in  the  district  called  El 
Ghor,  which  lies  exactly  south  of  the  Dead  Sea, 
there  still  exists  a  singular  race  of  people  (known 
as  the  Ghornees,  from  the  locality  which  they 
inhabit),  who  are  in  fact  Kenites  in  the  true  sense 
of  the  word,  as  dwelling  in  huts  of  reeds,  and 
who  are  distinguished  by  marked  peculiarities 
from  the  Arabs  and  all  the  other  people  around 
them. 

Messrs.  Irby  and  Mangles — ^who,  in  the  year 
1818,  made  tne  circuit  of  the  southern  shores  of 
the  Dead  Sea — met  in  the  Ghor  a  number  of  these 
people,  of  whom  they  give  an  amusing  descrip- 
tion :  — 

**  We  met  some  of  the  natives  taking  in  the  harvest : 
they  were  a  wild-looking  people,  and  wore  leathern  aprons 
reaching  to  the  shoulders — a  dress  we  had  never  before 
seen.  They  addressed  us  with  much  civility,  and  said 
they  were  much  oppressed  by  the  Bedouin  Arabs,  whom 
they  described  as  a  bad  set  of  people,  caring  neither  for 
God  nnr  the  Saints*  ....  These  people  are  called 
Ghornees,  and  differ  materially  both  in  manners  and 
appearance  from  the  Arabs,  as  well  as  from  the  natives 
of  the  towns.  They  adhere  to  one  place  of  abode,  and 
cultivate  the  land  in  its  vicinity.  They  do  not  live  in 
tents,  like  the  Arabs,  but  build  huts  of  reeds,  rushes,  and 
canes.  They  constmct  their  buildings  contiguous  to 
each  other,  and  form  their  villages  in  the  shape  of  a 
square,  with  only  one  entrance  for  the  cattle,  which  are 
thereby  prevented  from  straggling,  and  are  kept  more 
collected  for  protection  during  the  night.  These  people 
treated  us  verv  hospitably." 


Whether  these  singular  people  have  any  real 
claim  to  be  deemed  the  descendants  of  Hobab'a 
Kenites,  is  a  point  which  I  must  submit  to  the 
judgment  of  your  readers.  The  origin  of  the 
Ghornees  certainly  seems  to  merit  a  caieful  in- 
vestigation, and  may  be  well  worth  the  attention 
of  future  travellers  in  Palestine.  The  evidence 
in  support  of  their  Midianite  descent  rests  on 
three  points:  —  1.  That  they  inhabit  the  same 
tract  of  country  in  which  the  family  of  Hobab 
settled;  2.  That  they  dwell  in  huts  of  canes  or 
reeds,  which  appears  to  be  the  true  meaning  of 
the  word  Kenite ;  and  8.  That  they  are  a  distinet 
race  of  people  from  the  Arabs  and  all  the  various 
populations  of  modem  Palestine. 

Henby  Cbjjsslbt. 


What  **  saints'*  do  the  Ghornees  allude  to  ? 


GUILD  OF  MASONS  AT  FAVERSHAM 

ABBEY. 

In  the  present  volume  (p.  124)  I  referred  to  a  MS. 
formerly  belonging  to  the  Surrenden  collectkn. 
In  this  is  a  curious  entry  as  follows :  '*  Maiores  de 
ecclia  de  Devinton  fabricator.''  A  footr-note  in 
the  History  of  Davuiffton,  p.  58,  partially  dean 
this  up : — 

**  The  words  *  Maiores  Fabricatores '  are  very  obseim. 
They  may  designate  either  the  gentry  of  the  neigfabonv- 
hoo^,  who  contributed  money  towards  the  Fabric,  or  who 
had  charge  of  the  Fabric  (see  Ducange,  in  voce  *  Fabrica- 
tor.') or  again  a  sodality  of  Freemasons  employed  in  the 
actual  building  of  the  church.  In  a  council  held  at 
Avignon  in  the  year  1326,  condemning  societies  who  had 
secret  signs  and  tokens,  and  who  wore  peculiar  robes  (the 
description  seems  to  point  at  the  order  of  Masons),  tiie 
term  *  Major '  is  expressly  used  (Canon  xxxviiL),  *  Uamit 
sibi  eligunt  Mtyorem,  cui  jurant  in  omnibus  obedin.*— 
Concill,  ed.  Mansi,  fol.  Yenet.  1782,  xxv.  coL  768. 

"  Might  the  neighbouring  mitied  Abbey  of  Faverahaai, 
which,  as  well  as  the  Prionr,  was  under  the  Benedictine 
Order,  have  maintained  such  a  Guild  ?  " 

I  am  inclined  to  think  this  question  may  be 
safely  answered  in  the  affirmative.  The  abbey 
possessed  a  large  portion  of  the  houses  in  Faver- 
sbam^agaol,  at  least  three  water-mills,  and  seveial 
granges  some  distance  from  the  town.  These,  witii 
the  various  buildings  within  the  precincts  of  the 
abbey,  must  have  required  a  number  of  workmen 
continually  employed  to  keep  in  repair.  Another 
reason  for  supposing  certain  workmen  were  re- 
gularly engaged  by  the  abbot  of  Faversham  is 
the  fact  that  the  men  of  the  town  were  con- 
tinually at  variance  with  him.  About  a  century 
after  the  abbey  was  built,  the  townsmen  com- 
menced a  series  of  aggressions;  the  inmates  of 
the  abbey  then  had  recourse  to  law,  when  the 
townspeople  were  invariably  defeated.  I  mention 
this  to  show  the  feeling  that  existed  from  the 
time  of  Henry  III.  to  the  Reformation  between 
the  monks  and  the  inhabitants :  of  course  during 
all  this  quarrelling  it  would  be  to  the  interest^ 
the  abbey  to  employ  its  own  men. 


4^  S.  IV.  Oor.  16,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


311 


I  should  not  have  brought  forward  this  theory 
if  I  had  no  other  reasons  than  the  foregoing.  On 
Sept.  5,  1510,  a  deed  of  covenant  was  drawn  up 
between  the  abbot  and  convent  of  Faversham, 
and  the  major,  jurats,  and  commonalty  as  to 
repair  of  churchyard  wall.  This  wall  divided  the 
cemetery  of  the  parish  church  from  the  land  be- 
longing to  the  abbey.  The  following  shows  the 
boundaries,  and  is  a  copy  of  that  portion  of  the 
deed  relating  to  them  : — 

"  For  the  repayring  and  makying  of  the  churchwalle 
that  is  to  witte  from  the  corner  of  the  Garden  belonging 
to  Julyan  Norton  Wedowe  where  as  John  Perrngton 
dwellith  right  down  Eastward  to  the  corner  next  the  litle 
Chappell  set  in  the  North  east  corner  of  the  saide  Church 
yard  and  so  from  the  saide  litle  Chappell  southward  as 
far  as  the  grounde  of  the  saide  Abbott  and  Convent  ex- 
tendeth." 

Further  on,  this  wall,  it  is  stated,  is  to  be  re- 
paired "  by  the  workmen  and  tnasons  of  the  saide 
Abbot  and  Convent."     Now  I  believe  this  ex- 

Eression  points  to  the  guild  in  question,  not  per- 
aps  so  clearly  as  one  might  wish,  but  it  may 
easily  mean  that  without  stretching.  However 
the  question  may  be  decided  later  on,  I  have 
thrown  these  jottings  together  in  the  hope  that 
something  more  decisive  may  be  advanced  if 
possible.  Geokge  Bedo. 

6,  Pnlross  Road,  Brixton. 


Rhyme  to  Mackonochie. — At  the  Liverpool 

Congress,  before  the  reading   on   almsgiving,   a 

genUeman    being    asked    to    find    a    rhyme    to 

"  Mackonochie,"  wrote  the  following.    It  may  be 

a  pleasing  puzzle  to  some  of  your  readers  to  find 

another :  — 

**  Who,  folk  bestowing 
Their  alms,  when  o*erflowing, 

The  coffer  unlocks  ? 
Fingers  upon  a  key 
Placing,  Mackonochie 
Opens  the  box. 

**  Says  the  churchwarden  : 
^  My  claim,  asking  pardon, 
I  beg  to  suggest.' 

*  Then/  says  Mackonochie, 

*  Give  Warden  John  a  key 

Of  the  alms  chest.' 
**  But  if  demanding 
To  thrust  a  rude  hand  in, 

The  mob  should  rush  on. 
Then  says  Mackonochie, 

*  I  give  to  none  a  key, 

Save  unto  John.'  '* 

AiTOir. 

Whitebait:  Blanchaille  ob  Blanquette. 
The  Pall  Mall  OazettCj  in  reviewing  M.  Esquiro's 
Guide  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  notices  that 
the  author,  in  speaking  of  whitebait,  gives  it  the 
French  name  oi  hlanquette,  whilst  on  the  English- 
French  bills  of  fare  it  is  always  called  blanchaille. 
If  this  is  so,  and  if  we  may  rely  on  the  authority 
of  the  beat  French  lexicons,  the  Ghreenwich  h6teli6r 


has  been  all  the  while  doing  a  shameful  injury  to 
the  fair  fame  of  this  most  delicate  lilliputian  fish, 
for  blanchaille  is  not  the  name  of  an  animal  std 
generiSf  but  a  mere  synonym  of  fretin  (fry)  I 
According  to  the  Academy,  Bescherelle,  &c.,  the 
true  appellation  is  blanquet  or  blanquetie.  In 
Flanders,  where  whitebait  are  caught  in  the 
Scheldt  near  the  mouth  of  the  Durme,  they  bear 
the  French  provincial  name  of  mange-touty  a  yer^ 
appropriate  expression  too :  the  Flemish  name  is 
ptn,  as  an  allusion,  perhaps,  to  the  diminutiveness 
of  their  form.  The  way  to  prepare  pin  in  those 
localities  is  quite  primitive,  though  the  only  one 
agreeable  to  the  taste  of  the  country  gourmet : — 
Of  every  little  fish  the  tail  is  clipped  off  with 
scissors;  boiling  water  is  kept  ready  on  the  fire, 
and  the  whitebait  cast  into  it ;  at  the  first  bub- 
bling of  the  water,  which  happens  in  an  instant, 
the  fish  are  strained  and  dished  up.  Melted 
butter  is  the  only  sauce. 

Some  people  consider  pin  to  be  young  smelt, 
but  the  fiBhers  hold  the  contrary  opinion. 

/.  Van  db  Veldb. 

ScTTTONBS:  SzTTES. — The  University  authori- 
rities  seem  to  have  been  hard  put  to  for  a  name 
for  men  not  borne  on  the  rolls  of  any  college ; 
medieval  Latinity  would  have  given  them  a 
good  one,  for  at  the  larger  German  universities 
men  who  were  only  associated  for  lectures  were 
called  Scutones,  Tnere  are  many  allusions  to  this 
class  in  Ulric  Von  Hutten's  JSpidola  Obscurorum 
Virorttm,  the  longest  in  letter  46  of  yol.  i.  (p.  138 
of  Teubner*s  edition  of  1864) 

Such  a  class,  a  cross  between  boarders  and 
town  boys  proper,  has  been  an  important  one  at 
Shrewsbury  from  the  foundation  of  the  school, 
and  there  the  name  in  an  Anglicised  form  still 
exists,  though  now  ordinary  town  boys,  as  well  as 
'^  non-gremial  students,"  are  called  okytes. 

B.  C.  S« 

A  Woman  suBviyiNG  Seven  Husbands. — 
Many  years  ago  I  had  daily  to  pass  (in  Yorkshire) 
the  house  of  a  woman  who  was  the  survivor  of 
seven  husbands,  to  all  of  whom  she  had  been  law- 
fully married.  The  last  time  I  saw  her  she  ap- 
peared to  be  about  sixty-five  years  of  age,  and 
was  then  in  her  seventh  widowhood.  She  has 
now  been  dead  a  number  of  years.  I  am  aware 
of  no  other  case  except  that  Eastern  instance  men- 
tioned in  the  gospels.  Y. 


tBiutviti. 

PETER  DEGRAVERS. 

I  succeeded  a  few  days  ago,  after  a  good  many 
years'  search,  in  finding  a  copy  of  the  following 
work :  — 

**  A  complete  Pbysico-Medical  and  Chinurgical  Treatise 
on  the  Haman  Eye;  the  second  edition,  corrected  and 


312 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


t4ik9.IY.:0(». 


considerably  enlaiged.  To  which  is  now  added  a  Treatise 
on  the  Human  Eur,  an  entire  new  Pahlication ;  with  a 
Plan  to  Study  Physic  and  Surgery  both  in  France  and 
Great  Britain:  the  whole  illustrated  with  Plates  and 
Cases.  By  Peter  Depravers,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy 
and  Physiology,  of  tiie  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences,  and 
Member  of  several  Medical  Societies.  £dinbui|^h: 
Printed  for  the  Author,  and  sold  by  all  the  Booksellers  in 
Great  BriUin.    1788." 

A  portrait  of  the  author,  a  characteristic  etch- 
ing by  the  celebrated  John  Kay  the  barber,  is 
prefixed  to  the  title-page.  It  is  certainly  the 
rarest  of  all  Kay's  worts.  Worthless  books  are  of 
course  the  most  difficult  to  find,  and  the  worth- 
lessness  of  Degraver's  text  is  no  doubt  the  cause 
why  the  book  is  so  rarely  met  with.  Indeed,  I 
have  never  succeeded  in  seeing  another  copy. 
But  the  volume  has  a  special  interest.  Degravers 
was  a  French  quack  who  settled  in  Edinburgh 
about  ninety  years  ago.  iVided  by  a  good  deal  of 
native  impudence,  he  contrived  to  push  himself 
into  notice  and  to  add  to  his  importance  b^  the 
publication  of  the  volume  the  title  of  which  is 
given  above.  Having  married  a  lady  of  a  good 
Orkney  family,  his  practice  and  importance  in- 
creased; but  his  real  character  was  probably 
known  to  some  who  were  behind  the  scenes,  and 
who  therefore  selected  him  to  perform  an  im- 
portant duty,  no  less  than  the  resuscitation  to  life 
after  his  execution  of  the  celebrated  William 
Brodie.  Degravers,  it  is  said,  succeeded  in  im- 
pressing Brodie  with  a  full  belief  in  his  powers, 
and  thus  probably  helped  him  to  maintain  the 
undaunted  courage  and  audacity  which  he  showed 
to  the  last.  Brodie  was  not  a  person,  certainly, 
who  required  any  patting  on  the  back,  for  it  is 
related  that  when  he  and  his  unfortunate  con- 
federate Smith,  an  English  hawker  who  had  set 
up  a  small  grocer  s  shop  in  p]dinburgh,  had  been 
sentenced  to  death,  on  leaving  the  bar.  Smith 
being  in  tears,  Brodie  treated  him  to  a  sound 
kick,  and  called  him  a  ^*  d — d  cowardly  scoun- 
drel." Shortly  before  his  execution  he  penned  a 
note,  which  is  printed  in  Creech's  account  of  the 
trial,  requesting  as  a  last  favour  that  the  magi- 
strates would  allow  his  body  to  be  given  over 

to ,  which  blanks  should  probably  be 

filled  in  with  Dr.  Peter  Degravers.  He  mani- 
fested the  same  hardened  levity  even  on  the  scaf- 
fold, trusting  perhaps  to  the  doctor's  services. 
It  is  said  that  arrangements  had  been  made  with 
the  executioner  to  give  him  a  short  fall ;  and  it 
is  certain  that  the  moment  his  body  was  cut 
down  it  was  handed  over  to  two  of  his  appren- 
tices, who  having  placed  it  in  a  cart,  drove  it 
round  the  back  of  the  castle  at  a  furious  pace, 
under  the  idea  that  the  jolting  would  tend  to 
recover  suspended  animation,  imtil  they  could 
bring  it  under  Dr.  Degraver's  skill.  But  even 
his  science  was  of  no  avail,  for  Brodie  was  dead 
beyond  a  doubt. 


Shortly  after  this  tragic  event  Degnmcs  dis- 
appeared from  Edinburgh,  leavinff  bis  wife  and  % 
large  array  of  creditors  behind  him.  What  be- 
came of  him  is  not  known.  At  the  end  of  his 
treatise  is  a  fly-leaf  announcmg  the  forthcoming 
publication  of  a  treatise  in  four  vols.  6vo,  on 
J%e  Phijsioiogjf  and  Pathology  of  the  Humtm 
Body,  with  Therapeutics;  or,  Man  and  W&tnm 
considered  both  in  Health  and  Disease,  Did  this 
ever  appear  P  There  are  some  anatomioal  plates 
in  the  Treatise  on  the  Eye,  ^.  fiairly  exeeitted, 
but  with  no  engraver's  name.  Were  these  t\ao 
Kay's  work  ?  The  portrait  is  a  profile  in  a  small 
oval.  F.  M.  a 

[According  to  Hagh  Paton,  the  editor  of  Kay's  Petr^ 
traita  (edit.  1888,  i.  262),  the  wife  of  Degravers  was  dead 
when  he  decamped.  He  states,  that  "  after  Degravcn 
had  been  sometime  in  Edinburgh,  he  sncceeded  in  leeiir- 
ing  the  afiections  of  Miss  Baikie,  sister  to  Robert  Baikie^ 
Esq.  of  Tankcrness,  M.P.  whom  he  married,  and  with  her 
was  to  receive  700^  of  portion.  Some  dday,  however, 
occurred  in  the  settlement;  and,  nnfortonately  for  the 
Doctor,  before  he  had  obtained  more  than  an  elogantij 
furnished  house,  his  lady  died  in  childbed,  when  tM 
mone}'  was  retained  by  her  friends  as  a  provision  for  the 
child,  which  was  a  daughter.  Not  long  after  this  event 
the  Doctor  decamped,  no  one  knew  whither,  leaving  debts 
to  a  considerable  amount  unsettled.  The  etching  of  De- 
gravers is  not  to  be  found  in  Kay*s  collection,  havings 
with  the  two  anatomical  prints  by  the  same  artist,  beoi 
paid  for  and  carried  away  bv  Degravers."  There  was 
privately  printed  in  1794,  A  Letter  Addressed  to  the 
Board  of  Longitude,  on  the  subject  of  a  New  Mathemati- 
cal Instrument,  called  Graphor,  and  signed  Peter  O^ 
gravers,  M.D.  and  Henr}-  Quid,  7,  Old  Bond  Street,  laor 
don. — Ed.  3 

"  Anspacher  .  JAGER  .  CORPS." — The  above  it 
engraved  upon  the  back  of  a  sword,  brass-mounted, 
brown  leather  scabbard  with  knife  and  fork  in  it. 
I  believe  this  specimen  came  from  Canada.  Can 
you  or  any  of  your  readers  give  me  any  informi^ 
tion  about  the  regiment  P  Old  Rustt. 

BuRDETT  Election  for  Westminster. — To 
what  election  does  the  following  refer,  and  who 
was  the  opponent  of  Sir  Francis  Burdett?  — 

"  Once  more  see  the  standard  of  liberty  wave : 
Rouse,  Britons,  your  freedom,  yonr  coimtry  to  save, 
Produce  Majipia  Charta,  the  Englishman's  pride. 
Behold !  how  she's  mangled,  transformed,  and  belied.^ 
Let  the  knavas  buy  the  slaves. 
Heaven  shall  hear  iveemen  anreai^— 
No  bribe  shall  betray  us. 
No  threat  shall  dismay  us. 
Our  votes  arc  unbought, 
For  Burdett  are  enrolled.** 

G.  F.  COHBX. 

DrvES  Family. — ^None  of  the  peerages  that  I 
have  been  able  to  consult  notice  tne  iirat  wife  of 
Henry  Fox,  afterwards  created  Lord  Holland. 
He  married,  Feb.  20,  1732-3,  '<Mias  Diree,  lal» 
Maid  of  Honour  to  the  Queen."  What  waa  htr 
Cluristian  name?    And  how  was  she  nlatod  to 


4^  S.  IV.  Oct.  16,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


313 


Mrs.  Penelope  Dives,  who  married  June  19,  1724, 
John  Temple,  Esq.,  of  co.  Hants  ?  Tewars. 

HAUTBor. — Is  any  explanation  to  be  found  why 
this  word  denotes  two  things  so  dissimilar  as  a 
wind  instrument  and  a  strawberry?  I  was  in 
some  hope  of  one  on  consulting  Walker's  Pro- 
flouncing  Bictionm-y^  where,  after  he  gives  the 
latter  mean  in  jr,  there  is  added  "see  Strawberry;" 
but  on  my  '^ seeing"  as  directed,  I  find  simply, 
"  Strawberry,  a  plant— the  fruit."  This  is  little 
better  than  mockery,  and  resembles  the  definition 
of  "  Shipmaster,  master  of  a  ship." 

The  *'  hautboy  *'  str.iwberry  is  not  the  ordinary 
one,  but  of  a  larger  size  and  of  a  coarser  tissue. 
I  have  heard  it  said  that,  in  France,  it  is  found 
wild  in  the  *'  high  woods,"  or  haul  hois.  This  is 
ingenious,  if  not  quite  satisfactory;  but  it  still 
leaves  the  unconnected  meaning  of  *'  a  wind 
instrument "  totally  unexplained.  G. 

Edinburgh. 

Hilton  Castle.— Will  any  one  kindly  inform 
me  how  Hilton  Castle  became  the  seat  of  the 
Earl  of  Stratlimore,  and  when  the  Hilton  heirs 
became  extinct  ?  H.  A.  Bridge. 

Mr.  Lewks',  Gower  Street,  Euston  Square. 

King's  Evil.— In  the  address  with  which  Dr. 
Robert  Liveing  opened  the  present  session  at  Mid- 
dlesex Hospital  he  said  — 

'-  It  was  not  until  the  rcijrn  of  George  I.  that  touching 
for  the  evil,  as  it  was  called,  was  discontinued.  Before 
thi.x,  however,  people  b('<xan  to  see  the  folly  of  such  a  pro- 
ceeding, for  it  was  the.  dutij  of  thS  Royal  phusicians  and 
surgeons  to  choose  onli/  those  patients  who  showed  a  ten" 
dencij  towards  recovery  (laughter)." 

What  is  the  authority  for  the  statement  T  have 
placed  in  italics  ?  St.  Swithin. 

Lagena  of  Butter. — What  is  the  exact  mean- 
ing of  this  term  ?  Of  course  it  is  a  measure — 
but  how  much  ?  I  lind  it  often  mentioned  in 
the  Irish  inquisitions  in  the  time  of  James  I. 
Thus,  in  tlie  neighbouring  parish  of  Carrickma- 
cros:^,  or  Maghcross,  the  moiety  of  the  rectories  of 
Maghcross  and  AnaglnnuUer  are  estimated  at 
2(js.  8d.  per  annum,  }>esides  twenty-four  lageruB  of 
butter :  this  was  in  the  ;ilst  of  Henry  VIIL  The 
word  is  I  suppose  derived  from  lagj  hollow,  or  has 
it  anytliing  to  do  with  Lagetiid  (Leinster)  ?  by 
which  might  bu  intended  the  measure  used  in 
that  the  most  civilised  province  in  Ireland.  Small 
tubs  of  butter,  about  the  size  of  the  English 
iirkin,  are  not  unfrequently  found  deep  in  the 
bogs  in  Ireland.  One  has  lately  been  presented 
to  me,  found  in  this  neighbourhood,  and  I  should 
like  to  identify  it  with  the  ancient  Lagena, 

Evelyn  P.  Shirley. 

Lough  Fca,  Carrickmacrossi. 

M.  MoLZA. — On  the  fly-leaf  of  an  old  French 
Prayer  Book  are  written  the  following  lines  by 
M.  Molza,  of  whom  I  am  anxious  to  leam  some 


particulars ;  and  his  connection,  if  any^  with  the 
coiirt  at  St.  Germains :  — 

*'  Questo  libro  mi  fa  donnato  daUo  M^  del  Rb  Giacomo 
30,  R^  della  Gran  Bretagna,  Scotia  et  Hernia.  In  S.  Ger- 
mane, li  11  Aprils  1774.    M.  Molza." 

J.  Q-.,  Jttn. 

Preston. 

Recognition  in  Heaven. — Is  there  any  work 
in  English  which,  treating   on  the  subject  of  * 
**  Recognition  in  Heaven,'*  advocates  the  negative 
side  of  the  question  ?  F.  M.  J. 

SiK  Bkian  Tuke. — Where  was  Sii*  Brian  Tuke 
(Secretary  to  Cardinal  Wolsey,  Clerk  of  the  Par- 
liament;  '^Master  of  the  Postes,"  under  Henry 
VIII.)  bom  ?  He  died  October  26,  1546,  at 
Layer  Mamey,  Essex,  having  purchased  the 
manor  of  the  co-heiresses  of  John  Lord  Mamey, 
who  died  in  1625.  The  family  are  said  to  have 
spmng  from  the  Sieur  de  Toque,  whose  ancient 
barony  in  Normandy  was  written  in  charters 
Touqua.  There  were  several  branches  of  the 
family  in  the  sixteenth  century,  spelling  the  name 
variously  Toke,  Tooke,  or  Tuke.  Who  was  Sir 
Bmn's  father  ?  No  less  than  five  portraits  of  Sir 
Bnan,  ascribed  to  Holbein,  are  extant.  (See  list 
in  Athenaufrij  Sept.  18,  1869.) 

John  Piggot,  Jun. 

Univeksity  Hoods:  MontpelliebHood. — ^Will 
you  have  the  kmdnees  to  inform  your  readers 
what  is  the  distinctive  colour  of  the  Doctor's 
hood  given  in  the  Faculty  of  Science,  Montpellier  ? 

"To  DINE  WITH  Duke  Humphrey." — I  have 
seen  somewhere  the  origin  of  this  euphemism,  but 
cannot  lay  my  hand  upon  it.  Can  yoii  tell  me 
whence  the  saying  is  derived  ?  G.  W.  M. 

[It  is  cruel  and  shameful  that  the  name  of  the  worthy 
Duke  Humphrey  of  Gloucester  should  be  associated  with 
the  want  of  a  dinner  ;  for  he  was  celebrated  for  his  hospi- 
tality, especially  to  men  of  literature  and  knowledge. 
Fuller  is  of  opinion  that  the  proverb  has  lost  its  original 
meaning ;  "  for  first  it  signified  cUiend  vivere  quadra,  to  eat 
by  the  bounty  or  feed  by  the  favour  of  another  man. 
After  the  death  of  good  Duke  Harophrey  (when  many  of 
his  former  almsmen  were  at  a  loss  for  a  meal's  meat), 
this  proverb  did  alter  its  copy;  to  dine  with  Duke 
Humphrey  importing  to  be  dinnerless.*'  Moreover  it  is 
well  known  that  this  hospitable  Duke  was  buried— not 
in  St  Paul's  Cathedral,  but — at  St  Alban's.  Hence  we 
find  a  correspondent  in  the  GentUmarCs  Magaxine  for 
March,  1794,  p.  210,  has  given  a  plausible  origin  of  this 
saying :  he  tells  us  that  "  This  proverb  originated  from 
the  accidental  circumstance  of  a  wit  in  the  last  century 
being  shut  up  in  the  Abbey  of  St  Alban's,  where  the 
remains  of  Humphrey  (the  good  Duke  regent)  are  yet  to 
be  seen,  whfle  a  party  of  his  friends  who  came  down  to 


314 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


[4«fc  S.  IV.  Ocr.  16,  '69. 


that  borough  on  an  excursion  from  London  were  enjoy- 
ing a  conviyial  dinner  at  the  White  Hart  Inn.'*  The 
proverb,  however,  seems  to  have  been  known  in  the  six- 
teenth century,  and  is  quoted  in  Stow's  Stirvey  o/Lou' 
don.  Vide  Nares's  Ghtsary,  edit.  1859,  i.  262,  for  other 
examples  of  its  early  use.] 

John  Kemp,  Abchbishop  op  Canterbury. — ^I 
*  should  be  glad  if  any  of  your  correspondents 
would  inform  me  as  to  the  parentage  of  John 
Kemp;  who  was  bom  at  Wye  in  Kent^  who  be- 
came successively  Bishop  of  Kochester,  then  of 
Chichester,  then  of  London,  Archbishoj)  of  York, 
and  afterwards  of  Canterbury;  Cardinal  of  St. 
Balbine,  afterwards  of  St.  Runne,  which  was  sig- 
nified by  this  verse  — 

**  Bis  Primas,  Ter  prsesul  erat.  Bis  Cardine  functus.** 
He  died  (says  Blomefield,  Norfolk  historian)  a 
very  old  man  in  1453. 

I  should  also  be  glad  to  know  the  parentage  of 
his  nephew  Thomas  Eemp,  who  became  Bishop 
of  London,  Feb.  8, 1449-60.         T.  S.  Norgate. 

Sparham  Rectory,  Norwich. 

[The  cardinal  was  descended  of  the  old  knightly  family 
•«f  Kemp,  who  had  an  estate  called  Olanteigh,  inmhe 
parish  of  Wye  in  Kent,  as  long  back  as  the  reign  of 
Edward  I.  1377.  Sir  Ralph  had  a  son.  Sir  John  Kemp, 
knt,  who  had  two  sons.  Sir  Roger  and  Peter;  the  former 
•dying  without  issue,  1428,  the  estates  went  to  Peter,  who 
gave  the  lands  before  his  death  to  his  son  Thomas,  who 
was  the  father  of  Sir  William  Kemp  and  John  the  arch- 
bishop and  cardinal.  Sir  William  Kemp  had  three  sons 
by  his  wife  Allice,  daughter  of  Robert  Scott,  who  had 
William,  John,  and  Thomas,  the  Bishop  of  London.  John 
Kemp  the  archbishop's  mother  was  Beatrix,  daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas  Lewknor,  knt.] 

Wm.  y/ATSoN's  "  Trite  Relation  op  the  Fac- 
tion A£  Wisbech."— Has  Wm.  Watson's  True 
HelatioHy  8fc.  ('4to,  1601)  been  reprinted  in  any 
easily  accessible  form  P  The  volume  is  of  great 
rarity.  A  copy  was  sold  by  Messrs.  Sotheby  & 
Wilkinson  for  160/.  10«.  in  June  1867,  and 
judging  from  the  references  made  to  it  in  Bering- 
ton  s  Memoirs  of  Gregory  Panzani,  must  be  a 
valuable  aid  to  the  student  of  Elizabethan  eccle- 
siastical history.  It  seems  not  to  have  been 
inown  to  Dodd,  Watt,  or  Lowndes.  If  not  re- 
printed, where  will  I  get  a  full  account  of  its 
contents  ?  Aiken  Irvine. 

£We  copy  the  complete  title-page  of  this  rare  work : — 
**  A  True  Relation  of  the  Faction  begun  at  Wbbich,  by 
Fa.  Edmonds,  cdiaa  Weston,  a  lesuite,  1595,  and  con- 
tinued since  by  Fa.  Walley,  aUtxs  Garnet,  the  ProuinciaU 
of  the  Jesuits  in  England,  and  by  Fa.  Parsons  in  Rome, 
with  their  adherents :  Against  vs  the  Secular  Priests  their 
brethren  and  fellow  Prisoners,  that  disliked  of  nonelties, 
and  thought  it  dishonourable  to  the  auncient  Ecclesias- 
ticall  Discipline  of  the  Catholicke  Church,  that  Secular 
Priests  should  be  go\remed  by  Jesuits.  Newly  Imprinted. 
IGOl."    4to,  pp.  90.    This  work  is  attributed  to  Chris- 


topher Bagshaw  by  Dodd  (Church  HUtory,  ii  67),  Wood 
{Atherutf  ii.  890,  ed.  1815),  and  by  Beiington  {Mtmmvf 
Pamani,  p.  41),  and  has  never  been  reprinted.  There  is 
clearly  some  error  in  the  statement  that  a  copy  fetched 
1602.  lOt.,  for  in  the  auctioneers*  priced  catalogue,  now 
before  us,  as  no  sum  is  entered,  it  remained  unsold.  At 
the  sale  of  the  Rev.  M.A.  Tiemey's  library  at  Sotheby's 
on  Dec  1-4,  1862,  it  only  fetched  16s,  See  Loumdes 
under  *'  Wisbich.*'  There  are  two  copies  of  the  work  in 
the  British  Museum.] 

Sir  J.  C.  HiPPiSLEY. — In  the  Appendix  to 
Substance  of  a  Speech  of  Sir  John  Cox  Uippialeyi 
Bart,  on  seconding  the  motion  of  the  Kight 
Honourable  Henry  Grattan,  &c  &c.  on  Frioaji 
May  18, 1810  (8vo,  London,  1810),  is  printed  a 
"  Sketch  of  proposed  Kegulations.  concurrent 
with  the  Establislinient  of  a  State  Frovisioii  for 
the  Roman  Catholic  Clergy  in  Ireland,  1810."  A 
foot-note  mentions  that  tnis  sketch  has  appeared 
in  a  pamphlet,  published  by  C.  Keogh,  m  con- 
sequence of  having  been  communicated  to  a  com- 
mittee in  Dublin.  And  a  MS.  note  appended  in 
my  copy  states  it  also  appeared  in  the  Dublin 
journals.  Some  information  is  sought  concerning 
this  pamphlet,  which  has  hitherto  evaded  my 
inquiries;  and  more  especially  information  la 
sought  as  to  whether  it  contains  ''  the  various 
documents  in  the  Appendix  "  to  which  Sir  J.  C.H. 
refers  in  his  observations  on  the  document  (Ap- 
pendix No.  V.  p.  xiv.  and  foot-note),  where  ne 
states  that  **  the  word  Appendix  relates  to  a  col- 
lection of  documents  annexed  to  the  original  wodc 
from  which  this  Sketch  was  selected.'  If  the 
''  pamphlet  published  by  C.  Keogh "  was  not 
''the  original  work"  referred  to  above,  what 
was  ?  Aiken  I&nsm* 

Brookville,  Bray. 

[The  "  Sketch '^  was  printed  by  Cornelius  Keogh  In  a 
pamphlet  entitled  TTie  Veto,  a  Commentary  on  the  Onm» 
vUU  Manifesto,  Lond.  1810,  8vo,  pp.  81  to  41.  This 
"  Sketch  "  first  appeared  in  1809,  as  thus  stated  by  Hr. 
Keogh  :  **  Sir  John  Cox  Hippisley  is  prominent  among 
the  parliamentary  advocates  of  Catholicity.  He  printed 
last  year,  and  privately  distributed  among  his  party,  the 
annexed  draft  of  an  extraordinary  Catholic  bill.*'  Then 
follows  the  '*  Sketch,"  as  reprinted  in  Sir  J.  C.  Hipptalej^ 
Speech  of  1810,  but  without  any  <*  Collection  of  Docu- 
ments."] 

Quotation  wanted  :  "  Hope  neyeb  (k>]cbs.''— 
Can  anyone  direct  me  to  this  line  ? — 

**  And  hope,  which  comes  to  all,  comes  not  to  me." 

I  vainly  endeavoured  some  time  ago  to 'trace  it; 
and  now  the  close  resemblance  which  I  have  re- 
cently remarked  between  it  and  the  following 
from  Euripides  — 

ifiol  yap  olS'f  h  irmri  Acfircrcu  PporoiSf 
^{,vt<my  iKirls  (  Troad,  676) 

of  which  the  above  is  indeed  but  an  echo. 


4*  8.  IV.  Oct.  16^ '69.] 


NOT^S  AND  QUEBIES. 


315 


lenewed  and  increased  my  desire  to  fix  the 
author ;  a  desire  which,  I  fear,  will  remain  un- 
l^tified  imless  some  one  of  your  readers  will 
londlj  assist  me.  .W.  B.  C. 

[Is  not  theiMissage  in  ParaditeLoitf  book  L  lines  65-7— 

"  Where  peace 
And  rest  can  never  dwell,  hope  never  comes 
That  comes  to  all"— 

the  quotation  sought  for  by  our  correspondent?] 

CA8TLET017  SiEEPLE. — ^Beinp^  at  Gastleton,  in 
the  Peak  district,  a  few  days  ago,  I  observed 
something  remarkable  stuck  on  the  top  of  the 
church  tower,  and  on  making  inquiries  of  one  of 
the  inhabitants,  was  told  that  it  was  a  beehive, 
and  that  one  was  placed  in  that  position  every 
29th  of  May.  Can  any  of  your  readers  explain 
the  meaning  or  origin  of  the  custom  P  No  one  I 
saw  at  Castleton  could  tell  me. 

Edwakd  Stevens. 

[According  to  Murray's  Handbook  for  DerhyMhire, 
p.  45,  this  steeple  decoration  is  an  annual  garland.  The 
writer  informs  us  that  *'  several  old  customs  linger  yet 
in  Gutkton,  such  as  ringing  the  curfew  firom  the  29th 
Sept.  to  Shrove  Tuesday,  and  the  placing  of  a  garland  on 
one  of  the  pinnacles  of  the  tower  by  the  ringers  on  the 
29tb  of  May,  there  leaving  it  till  the  following  year."] 


or 


SUNDRY  QUERIEa 
(4«»  S.  iv.  266.) 

The  following  notes  may  serve  as  a  partial 
answer  to  Mr.  Uantillon's  queries :  — 

I.  1.  'Eirl    e{fpais  T^i'  ihptatf  —  SqAoy^i  $tls' 
M  rwv  <^vxa7»7ot(vTa>v'  al  i^/deu  Tcof/naav  reus  Bifuus 
rod  xlvuv  rohs  flcrtovras  koX  i^t6tn'<u  ci^cica.     Usnipat 
Aristot.  Rhet,  i.  6,  ex  quo  aliter  quam  Apostolii  auctor 

?roverbii  sensum  definit  Stephanus  in  Oram.  Anecdd. 
ariss.  L  259. — Mantisstt  Proverbiorum  ceniuria,  i.  54* 
vol.  iL  p.  753  of  Leutsch  and  Schneidewin's  CorpmM  Pa-' 
ramio^rtiqihorum. 

Far  more  satisfactory  is  Victorius' explanation, 

quoted  with  approval  by  Spengel  (Arist  JRhet,  ed. 

1867,  vol  ii  p.  107) :  — 

**  Didtur  de  iis,  qui  quod  psene  ad  exltnm  perdozenmt, 
labore  deAvtigati  relinqount  aut  inane  reddunt ;  aquam  e 
loco  remotiori  petitam  in  foribus  ipsis  uroeo  inoaatiiu 
offenso  profundimt.'* 

2.''EoiKa  T^  rohs  XXar  Ka\  rh  HKos  irpiafi4p^' 
iwl  rw  hfirrydirri  Suoiv  ivrow  Zih  Bardpav  fiKawrofi4ptiif 
,  •  •  oMvi  rSav  Kticrrifievwv  XwrirtKti  kKirtpov*  cl  /Uy 
ydp  ris  KaprwoTro  ix  rod  cAovs,  ol  &kts  Siar^iroirro*  tt 
8^  $pLxa\iv  ^iKl(p  &  rovos  ^k8i5o7to,  4k  /t^f  rStr  &XSw 
foXv  tu^  KcipTToTro,  ix  5i  Qaripov  fi\<brrotro  rov  lAovt 
awaafoii4vov, — Corpus  Paramiogr,  i.  409. 

**  Incertum  aliunde  proverbinm,  cujus  sensns  ex  in- 
t^gro  loco  satis  apparet,  de  iis,  qui  bona  mixta  mails 
coBMqanntur." — Spengel  on  Arist  Rhet.  ii.  28  (where 
tbs  proverb  is  quoted). 


3.  Aior^iof  ip  Kop[p9v,  A  taunt  on  fallen  great- 
ness. The  proverb  alludes  to  DionysiuB,  the 
younger,  who,  after  his  expulsion  from  the  uirone 
of  Syracuse,  lived  in  exile  at  Corinth  (b.o.  848). 
For  paasa^  where  the  proverb  is  either  ^oted 
exjuained,  see  Demetrius  w9p\  'Ep^niMCar,  §  241=^ 
yoI.  iii.  p.  814  of  Spen^'s  Ithetoru  Oraci;  Trj'^ 

?ho,  vffpl  TpSwmif,  voL  liL  p.  202  of  Speng^  I  c. ; 
!icero  Ad  AU.  ix.  9,  1  (cf.  Oic.  Ad  JDw.  viiL 
18, 1),  and  Quintilian,  /.  O.  viiL  6,  62. 

n.  **  Jam  ftierit  neqne  pott  miqnam  ravocare  lioebit  ^ 

comes  from  LucretiaB,  uL  016. 

IlL  So  far  asl  am  aware,  there  ia  no  complete 
treatise  on  the  Umfputge  of  Aristotle.  His  treat- 
ment of  i^articlea  is  ducussed  by  B.  Encken,  De 
Aristot,  dtcendi  Batume^  'p.i^de  partiee,  utu,  Got- 
tingen,  1866 :  and  his  use  of  tne  pasuve  of  in- 
transitive verbs,  e.  g.  iwifiovktimretu  and  ^9o¥uretup 
ia  illustrated  by  Mr.  Cope  in  the  Journal  of  Phi* 
k^j  vol  L  No.  1|  pp.  98-07, 1868. 

1.  The  first  of  these  words  appears  almost  in- 
variably to  bear  the  meaning  of  ''a  teacher  of 
letters,^  ''an  elementaiy  schoolmaster;"  a  mean- 
ing wnich  it  frequently  basin  Plato  (e.  g.  EMjf^ 
dem.  276  ▲  and  Oy  and  279  x;  Proi4sg.  812  a; 
Charmid.  169  o). 

Hesychius  defines  it  aa  equivalent  to  ypoftfrnn^ 
iiBJuTKakas;  Suidas  panmfaraaea  it  by  6  vjk  wpdra 
ffroixM  9iZdffKmf;  and  IroUux  (iv.  18)  mentiona^ 
among  the  fbnctiona  of  the  ypoftftmrwrisf  BMnwf 
ypdfAfUTo^  ffuKKafiiks  oujfnrX&ciy,  ypdiip§tM^  kneyepHitntMWf 
ftiroovofioTfcir. 

2.  The  name  ypat^iaruafs  is  given  by  Suidaa 
to  Oallimaohua,  to  Lyoophnm,  Zenodotua,  Ariat- 
archua,  and  others. 

In  AthensBus  (v.  65,  p.  222)  the  followers  of  the 
great  critic  Ariitarchua  are  called  ypaiAtutrucoi :  — 

IfUts  oSr,  i  ypa/AfaoTiKoif  •  •  •  • 

"EAXiSo,  r^s  (91^  l^ikiffpoL  Ktftdios, 
ytnnofiofjt^nnSf  /toivtfiXXaiioc,  tXffi  fu/nikw 
rh  ff^  Koi  v^Hiw  mAr'b  fi^  ^  rh  wbt—' 

and  in  the  introductory  diapter  we  find  some  of 
the  Sf nryoffo^wTol  themselves :  UXo&rtifxfiSf  Ac«v(^ 
6  HAfibs,  Jd/tikuuf^s  and  ZiwtAot  described  aa  ypaif 

/uirtKMW  ol  xe^M^raroi. 

Again,  Longinus,  Dionydua  of  Halicamassusi 
Munatiua,  and  Crates,  axe  all  deaignated  7P«wm- 
rucot  by  various  ancient  authorities :  so  tha^  on 
the  whole,  the  word  appears  to  be  roughly  equi- 
valent to  our  word  ttXidar  in  its  hig^her  sense; 
implying,  especially  in  the  Alexandnne  school* 
not  merely  a  grammarian,  but  a  man  of  sound 
judgment  on  literary  mattcm,  of  refined  taste,  and 
of  exact  erudition. 

The  distindioii  between  ^pcMi/Mnov^f  and  Tpcv^- 
fueruUf  ia  well  brought  out  in  tiie  following  pas- 
sage of  Snetooins : — 


316 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Oct.  18,  W. 


"  Sunt  qui  litteratum  a  Utteratore  distinguant,  ut  Gra?ci 
gramtnaticum  a  grammaiUta,  et  ilium  quidem  absolute, 
nunc  mediocriter  doctnm  existiment." — De  Grammatichj 


C.  IV. 


And  is  further  illustrated  by  Appuleius,  Flor. 
20:— 

"Prima  cratera /tVenrfom  ruditatem  eximit,  secunda 
fframmatici  doctrina  instruit,  tertia  rhetoria  eloquentia 
armat." 

3.  IjRstly,  the  name  KpvnK6s  seems  to  have  be- 
longed strictly  to  the  highest  order  of  ypafxfiartKol. 
Thus  in  Eustathius  (Com.  on  Homer's  Iliad,  i. 
536,  p.  773,  30)  we  find  a  passage  quoted  from 
Heraclides  Ponticus  containing  the  word  KpmtcoL 
Eustathius  explains  that  it  is  equivalent  to  ol 
hcpi&itrroeroi  ypofifMriKoi  Thus  every  kpitik6s  was 
ypaiiifjLaTiK6s,  but  not  every  ypafiiiartK6s  KpiriK6s. 
Aristophanes  of  Byzantium  and  Aristarchus  would 
have  tne  specific  name  of  Kpirwoi  as  well  as  the 
generic  name  of  ypaiAfiariKoi.  In  a  passage  of 
Cicero  (Ad  Div.  ix.  10),  after  a  metaphorical 
allusion  to  the  name  of  Aristarchus  in  the  words 
''alter  Aristarchus  hos  (sc.  versus)  oj3e\(i!'€i,"  he 
proceeds,  "  ego,  tnnquam  critxcm  antiquus,  judi- 
caturus  sum,  utrum   sint  rov  votrirov  an  iraptfi- 

$tfiK7)fl^V0t. 

Both  terms  are  not  imcommonly  applied  to  the 
same  person ;  thus  Suidas  calls  HecatSBUS  Abde- 
rites,  KpiTiKhs  ypafjLfiariKoSf  and  Philetas  of  Cos 
ypafifiariKhi  KpiriK6s,  Again,  in  Polybius,  32.  4.  6, 
we  read  of  ^iffoKpdryj  rhv  KpniKov  (not  to  be  con- 
founded with  the  Attic  orator),  but  in  32.  6.  6, 

the  same  person  is  ypafifiarixos  (rSav  rks  oKpodfTfis 

'iroiovfi€vuv)y  and  has  several  hard  epithets  applied 
to  him,  as  AoAoy,  iripnrtpos^  and  KoroKop^is,  Finally, 
in  Clement  of  Alexandria  (Stromat.  i.  p.  364= 
vol.  i.  p.  404  of  Wilson's  transl.)  we  read  that  — 

"  Apollodorus  of  Cuma  was  the  first  that  assumed  the 
name  of  KpiriK6i  and  was  called  ypaij.naruc6s.  Some  sav 
it  was  Eratosthenes  of  Cyrene  who  was  first  so  called, 
since  he  published  two  books  which  he  entitled  Gram- 
matical The  first  who  was  called  ypafifiaTtK6s,  as  we 
nouf  use  the  term^  was  Praxiphanes,  the  son  of  Disny- 
sophenes  of  Mitylene." 

The  meaning  of  ypofifiariKhs  and  KpiriKhs  are 
discussed  at  length  in  Lehrs'  Dissert,  de  Vocahulis 
0iX($Ao7os,  ypofjifiariKds,  KptrinSs  (Regimontii,  1838), 
from  which  ample  extracts  are  given  in  Stephens' 
Thesaurus  (new  ed.  s.  v.  koitikos),  and  to  which  I  am 
indebted  for  some  of  the  passages  above  quoted. 

V.  In  Petrie's  Monumenta  hidorica  Britannica 
(p.  cxviii.  No.  116)  the  following  inscription  in 
honour  of  Mars  Belatucadrus  is  stated  to  have 
been  discovered  at  Plumpton  Wall,  Cumberland : 


On  the  fashion  of  combining  the  names  of 
Roman  and  other  deities,  see  Merivale*8  Hid,  cf 
the  Romans,  c.  xxxiv.  vol.  iv.  (new  ed.)  p.  188  n. 
Camulus  (whose  name  appears  in  Oamulodn- 
num)  may  also  be  approximately  identified  with 
the  Roman  Mars.  In  Dio  ^assius  (62.  6.  2), 
Boui'SovTica,  or,  as  we  prefer  to  call  her,  Boadicea, 
is  represented  addressing  an  animated  invocation 
to  'Av8p(£<rr77.  The  reading  is  not  absolutely  cer- 
tain, bat  from  the  context  there  can  be  little 
doubt  that  a  goddess  of  Victory  is  intended. 

YI.  Bv  Insula  Romana  is  meant  Britain.  See 
Gildas,  Liber  QueruluSj  cap.  4  (De  secunda  su^feO' 
tione  ac  duro  dominatu) : — 

" . .  .  ita  ut  non  Britannia  sed  Romana  insnia  cen- 
scretur  et  quiccjnid  habere  potaisset  sens,  ai^genti,  vel  anri 
imagine  Gesans  notaretur." 

J.  E.  Sandtb. 

St.  John*s  College,  Cambridge. 


"  DEO 

MAUTI 

BKLATVCAD 

RO    ET  NVMI 

NIB.  AVOO. 

IVLIV8   AV 

GVSTAIJS 

ACTOU  IVLIV 

PI    PREF.** 


6.  The  National  Deities  of  the  Britons, — The 
simplest  and  earliest  form  oi  the  religion  of  liie 
Britons  seems  to  have  been  the  worship  of  the 
sun,  moon,  and  fire.  The  sun  they  adored  under 
the  name  of  Tutanes,  the  same  as  the  Roman 
Saturn,  and  the  Phoenician  Baal  or  Bel.  The' 
Celtic  Alwani  or  Alani  had  a  god  called  Alw  (the 
same  as  Haul,  Celtic  for  the  sun,  from  HeUb^ 
Sanskrit  for  the  same).  Another  remarkable 
principle  was  the  worship  of  the  serpent ;  and  it 
has  been  conjectured  that  the  great  Druidical 
temples,  such  as  Stonehenge  and  Avebury,  were 
constructed  for  the  united  worship  of  the  serpent 
and  the  sun.  The  moon  regulated  the  times  of 
their  four  great  religious  festivals.  The  number 
of  deities  was  afterwards  considerably  increased, 
among  whom  were  Teutates,  who  resembled  the 
Egyptian  Toth  and  the  Latin  Mercury;  Hesos 
the  god  of  war ;  Jow,  or  Jupiter,  and  Taranis  the 
ruler  of  thunder ;  Belin,  or  Apollo.  Belin  wae  a 
favourite  deity  with  the  Britons ;  a  temple  in  his 
honour  is  said  to  have  stood  near  Jjondon  Bridge^ 
giving  rise  to  the  name  Billingsgate,  or  Beline- 
gate.  This  seems  to  be  doubted  by  Stow,  who 
says  the  gate  was  called  from  its  owner,  Belingy 
or  Billing.  John  Bagford  says  that  a  custom 
existed  till  of  late  years  for  the  porters  who  plied 
at  Belinsgate  to  fusk  passers  by  to  salute  a  post 
standing  there.  If  he  would  not  they  compelled 
him,  but  if  he  submitted  they  gave  him  a  name 
and  chose  one  of  the  gang  for  his  godfather. 
Bagford  savs,  '^  I  believe  this  was  done  in  memory 
of  some  old  image  that  formerly  stood  there,  per- 
haps of  Belin."  ft/cland's  Collectanea^  1714.)  MR. 
CoNGREVE  (3">  S.  vi.  88)  says  that  the  Rev.  W. 
Bowles,  in  his  Hermes  Britannieus,  or  Disserta* 
tion  on  the  Celtic  Teutanes,  while  describing  that 
god,  unconsciously  gives  an  exact  account  of  the 
Hindoo  god  Oaruden  (the  Indian  Mercnry),  with 
the  hawk's  head,  the  same  as  the  Egyptian' god'     / 


4«kS.IV.0cr.  IG, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


317 


Ra,  and  one  of  the  idols  found  at  Nineveh.  A  I 
Breton  writer  {Notice  sttr  la  Ville  de  Nantes)  says 
the  cathedral  of  that  town  is  built  upon  the  re-  ; 
mains  of  a  Druidical  temple,  consecrated  to  a 
grod  called  Baliaiiun,  lioul-Jamis,  or  VoldanuSf 
much  venerated  by  the  Armorican  Gauls.  An 
ancient  MS.  states  that  he  was  represented  with 
three  heads  enclosed  in  a  triangle.  He  bore  in  its 
right  hand  a  thunderbolt,  and  with  its  left  guided 
the  clouds.  Your  correspondent  vdll  find  in 
"N.  &  Q."  (S''*  S.  iv.  485)  a  very  interesting 
account  by  the  Rfa'.  M.  Manet  (a  Breton  Catho- 
lic priest)  of  the  Druidical  manner  of  celebrating 
the  mistletoe  festival  in  Brittany.  That  plant  was 
considered  by  its  consecration  the  Panchrestum  or 
universal  remedy,  for  in  its  presence  sickness, 
enchantments,  and  malevolent  spirits  disappeared. 
Two  bulls  were  immolated  by  the  Supreme  Pon- 
tilV  and  the  P^ubogi  on  a  tnanffuhr  altar.  Mr. 
lUggins,  in  his  Celtic  Dntids,  thinks  that  the 
Druids  were  Buddhists,  but  the  latter  will  not 
even  destroy  an  insect  if  they  can  help  it,  while 
the  Druids  sacrificed  human  beings.  Mr.  Morgan 
says  Druidism  and  Pythagoreanism  were,  in  most 
respects,  the  same  philosophy.  The  Copemican 
system  is  the  Pythagorean  or  Druidic  revived 
and  proved :  tlie  Druid  circles,  he  thinks,  must 
have  delineated  the  true  system  of  the  heavens. 
The  Greek  appellation  for  the  Druids  was  derived 
from  the  British  term  for  astronomers  {SaronicUBy 
from  s<r,  stars).  The  Druid  colleges  in  Britain 
were  frequented  by  thousands  of  students  from 
Gaul  and  other  parts. 

0.   Othojia. — Othona  is  one  of  the  castra  in  the 
Litttis  Saxf/nicumy  as  given  in  the  Notitia  IHgni^ 
tatiim  et  Adtnim^trationtwi,  S^'c,  and  its  site  has 
recently  been  determined  beyond  all  doubt,  near 
Bradwell-juxta-lNIare,  Essex.      There  were  nine 
of  these  castra  defending  the  Saxon  shore,  which 
extended  from  what  is  now  Brancaster  in  Nor- 
folk to  Shoreham   in  Sussex.      Another  station 
(the  tenth),  not  mentioned   in  the  Notitia,  was 
placed  at   Felixtowe:    this    is   now  submerged. 
Mr.  T.  Lewin,  F.S.A.,  in  a  paper  "On  the  Caatra 
of  the   Littus  Saxonicum,   and  particularly  the 
Castrum  of  Othona,"  in  Archreohgia  (xli.  Part  II.), 
divides  these  castra  into  two  classes,  viz.  those 
built  to  suppress  internal  rebellion  or  to  keep  open 
the  commimication  with  the  Continent,  as  llich- 
borouofh,  Dover,  and  Beculver,  probably  the  first 
erected    by   the  Romans  in   this  country,   and, 
secondly,  those  erected  with  a  view  to  meet  any 
sudden  invasion  from  a  piratical  enemy,  as  those 
it  J  brancaster,  Burgh  Castle,  Lymne,  Pevensey, 
^ramber   Castle,   and   Otliona.     Of  the'  date  of 
lese  latter  we  have  very  little  information.     We 
J»ow  that  when  Roman  ascendancy  was  on  the 
dcline,   Saxon   hordes  issued   forth   to  overrun 
Attain  from  the  sea.    In  the  time  of  Maximian, 
^>ca  A.D.  286,  they  committed  dreadful  ravages. 


Carausius  (a  Menapian  from  the  banks  of  the 
Rhine)  was  appointed  admiral  of  the  Roman 
fleet,  but  liis  policy  appears  to  have  been  to  allow 
the  Saxons  to  plunder  Britain  and  then  get  their 
plunder  for  himself  as  they  returned.  When 
Maximian  heard  of  this  he  wanted  to  punish 
Carausius,  but  he  took  his  fleet  to  Britain,  declared 
himself  emperor,  and  maintained  his  independence 
till  the  year  a.d.  298,  when  he  was  slain  by  Al- 
lectus,  and  in  a.d.  206  the  island  again  became  a 
Roman  province. 

Mr.  Lewin  thinks  these  castra  were  erected  in 
the  reign  of  Carausius,  for  he  had  to  fortify  the 
kingdom  against  both  Saxons  and  Romans,  so 
that  they  flourished  from  about  289  to  409,  lust 
120  years.  They  were  much  needed  in  the  reigns 
of  Constantius  and  Valentinian  I.,  when  the 
Saxons  were  very  powerful 

In  368  we  first  have  mention  made  of  the  tractus 
maritimus,  afterwards  called  the  Litttis  Saxonicum^ 
for  in  that  year  Nectaridus,  Count  of  the  "  mari- 
time tract,"  was  slain.  In  368  Theodosius  (father 
of  the  emperor)  was  sent  over  and  cleared  the 
land  of  Saxons.  He  quitted  the  island  in  369, 
and  it  is  stated  that  **  Imtaurabat  urbes  et  prse- 
sidiaria,  ut  diximus,  castra,  limitesque  vigiliis 
tuebatur  et  prcetenturis."  (Amm.  Marc,  xxviii. 
3-7.)  It  is  here  expressly  stated  that  he  restored 
the  castra.  In  409  the  Romans  abandoned  Bri- 
tain. 

Othona  was  perhaps  the  smallest  of  the  castra, 
the  area  being  about  five  acres.  It  was  occupied, 
according  to  the  Notitia,  by  a  nwnerus  F&rten" 
siunif  or  band  of  the  Fortenses  (derived  from  their 
valour,  fartis.)  Their  arms  were  the  sword, 
spear,  and  buckler.  Thousands  of  oyster  shells 
and  antlers  of  stags  show  that  they  had  some 
luxuries  in  their  camp  life.  The  coins  found 
range  from  Gallienus  (c.  260)  to  Honorius,  in 
whose  reign  the  Romans  abandoned  Britain,  a.d. 
409.  The  Saxon  phase  of  Othona  (or  Ithancester, 
as  it  was  then  called)  is  very  interesting,  for  good 
Bishop  Cedd  built  a  church  here  in  the  time  of 
Sigebert,  the  good  king  of  the  East  Saxons. 
The  ruins  of  this  church  still  remain ;  length  of 
nave  55  feet  by  28.  The  foundation  of  an  apse 
(radius  20  feet)  may  be  traced.  The  greater 
part  of  this  church  or  chapel  lies  within  the 
castrum,  and  the  other  part  seems  to  have  been 
used  as  a  churchyard.  The  building  has  always 
been  known  as  St  Peter's  ad  Murum.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  it  was  a  chapel-of-ease  to  Brad- 
well,  whose  rector  found  a  priest  to  ofiiciate  in 
it  on  Sundays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays.  The 
building  became  a  beacon  or  lighthouse  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,  and  is  now  a  bam.*  . 

*  Othona  was  discovered  in  1864,  whoi  a  company  was 
formed  for  encloshig  the  Essex  marshes.  In  removing 
soil  at  St.  Pcter*8  Head  they  came  upon  the  southern  waU 
of  the  long  lost  castmm.    The  owner  of  the  property 


31S 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES, 


[4*S.IT.  Ooct^l 


rortut  Adunti  (No.  8.  in  the  NotOia)  wu  at 
Bminber  Csatle,  new  Shoreham,  where  the  river 
AduT  dischai^g  itself.  It  Btande  on  Ein  isolated 
eminence ;  on  the  east  waa  the  river,  and  on  the 
other  three  sidea  a  fosee.  The  walla  now  re- 
maiuiog  are  recent,  but  the  position  was  an  ad- 
mirable one.  The  military  force  quartered  there 
was  the  Exploratorei  oi  Scouts. 

John  Pigqot,  Jus.,  F.SA. 

B. 

"  Othoha,  in  EKtex,  n  garrison  under  the  Cmmt  of 
tfa«  Snxon  ahoTC  seems  la  have  beea  >t  IthanccaUr; 
mcnlioned  by  our  historic  and  Kaled  about  the  ntmo«t 
point  of  Dengy  Hnndred." 

'-  PoKTDS  AniiKKi,  in  Snssex  (the  place  where  the 
Exploralores  kept  watch  agaiost  the  Saxon  Pints  ander 
the  Inter  Emperonn),  moat  he  upon  this  Coast;  and  we 
cannot  pitch  npon  any  part  with  greater  probability 
than  Ederini^oD,  a  little  village  which  aeema  still  Co 
retain  something  of  the  old  name,  and  bewdea  i«  a  verr 
con veaient  place  for  landing; 


nhlch,  indeed,  in  our  pre- 
great  moment,  id  ace  thoee 
le  t./oaaL  wen  m  to  hinder  the  Pirats  from 
!  consequence  must  have  been  fixed  where 
loat  coQvenient  for  that  purpose."— Moll's 
16,23. 

S.L. 


PORTRAITS  OF  BURKS. 

(4'»  S.  It.  274.) 
It  is  not  easy  to  answer  Mr.  Rigqall's  queries 
in  the  categorical  style  which  he  seems  to  eipect. 
Strictly  spealiing,  I  should  say  there  is  but  one 
gcDuioely  authentic  portrut  of  the  poet — viz. 
that  by  Alexander  Nasmyth,  exhibited  at  the 
Second  Special  Exhibition  at  South  Kensington 
in  1S67.  It  was  painted  in  1787,  and,  after  being 
engraved  hy  Bengo,  was  presented  to  Bums,  but 
I  cannot  learn  whether  tne  ^ft  came  from  the 
artiat  or  the  publisher.  I  remember  an  indilTerent 
copy  whichwas  made  by  Stotfaard  at  Dumfries,  and 
sold  at  that  ^reat  artist's  auction  in  1834.     The 

Eainting  remained  in  the  hands  of  Mrs.  Bums  till 
er  death,  when  it  was  placed  in  the  chares  of  her 
brother,  Robert  Armour  of  London,  to  be  eiven 
over  to  his  nephews  on  their  return  from  India, 
and  it  is  now  in  the  possession  of  Colonel  William 
Nicol  Bums,  the  last  survivor.    In  the  National 


a— what  shall  1  call  it? — aortofahindof  i 
"painted  for  George  Thomson,  and  retouched  by 
Sir  Henry  Raebum,"  as  the  catalogue  haa  it,  but 
I  should  guess  it  to  have  been  executed  by  Na- 
amyth  a-lter  the  poet's  death,  and  without  the 
original  portrait  before  him. 

I  have  never  met  with  anj'  of  the  original 
contemporary  copies  of   the  miniature  silhouette 

(Mr.  Oiley  Parker)  ordered  ^etematic  excavations  to 
be  made,  and  it  may  be  conaidered  one  or  tbe  most  in- 
teresting discoveries  of  the  day. 


by  Misrs,  but  five  and  tliir^  yean  ago  hia  ano- 
ceasor  in  the  business  occupied  a  slice  of  a  shop  in 
the  Strand,  close  to  Northumberland  Houae,  ud 
had  in  his  possession  the  original  life-UM  ontliiw 
of  the  poet's  head  from  which  the  silhooettaa 
were  made.  W.  C.  Edwards  made  a  reduced  en- 
graving from  this  full-sized  profile,  with  a  c^^  d 
the  poet's  seal  from  the  actual  seal  then  in  Qm 
keeping  of  Robert  Armour,  and  a  facsimile  of  the 
signature  "  Robert  Bums,  Poet,"  from  the  title- 
pag«  of  A  TTtatim  on  Ploughs  and  Wheti-Car- 
riages,  by  James  Small  Plough  and  Cartwrigb^ 
8vo,  Edinburgh,  1784. 

Forty  years  ago  there  was  a  great  flouriah  of 
trumpets  about  the  portndt  "painted  by  A  Mr. 
Taylor,"  to  which  your  corr^pondent  allndok 
The  features  are  not  to  be  recondled  with  thft 
Nasmyth  paintine  or  the  Miets  profile,  but  it  had 
the  testimonies  of  many  persons  in  i(a  favour;  and 
I  have  heard  old  John  Bumet  say  that  he  know 
the  man  who  prepared  Taylor's  palette  when 
Bums  sat  to  him.    I  have  not  heard  what  became 


into  a  sketch  of  the  "  Cotter's  Saturday  Night"  It 
is  not  clear  that  the  artist  and  the  poet  were  va- 
sonally  acquainted.  It  is  true  that  Bums  wntea 
of  him  as  ''my  friend,"  and  Allan  was  certainly  in 
Edinburgh  in  1787;  but  there  is  at  least  QOe 
letter  which  mentions  him  as  if  he  were  a  stranger. 
Mr.  Chambers  speaks  of  David  Allan  as  "  the 
first  Scottish  artist  of  his  day  for  such  euliject^'' 
which  is  much  the  same  as  if  he  himself  were  to 
be  described  as  the  most  eminent  Scotsman  who 
was  bom  in  Peebles  on  a  certain  hour  of  a  cer- 
tain day  in  a  certain  year.  What  other  Scottish 
artist  WAS  there  for  such  subjects  in  A.s.  1796  ? 

The  little  print  by  Bengo,  prefixed  to  the  £dii^ 
burgh  subscription  edition  of  the  poems,  tuad 
oft«n  to  be  apoken  of  as  a  better  likeneaa  tlien  it* 
original.  Bums  certainly  sat  to  the  engiwei 
during  the  progress  of  the  plate,  and  he  has  anc- 
ceeded  in  conveying  the  nation  of  a  man  of  « 
swarthier  hue  than  Nasmyth  represented.  But 
after  all  it  is  a  very  ordinary  production.  Ht, 
Chambers,  as  usual,  has  a  flourish  of  knowledge 
on  art,  as  on  everything  elae,  and  informs  ne  tut 
"  Bengo  was  much  cleverer  in  his  art  than  any 
man  residing  in  Edinburgh  till  a  comparatively 
recent  period  "  I  He  has  evidentl}[  never  heenl 
of  David  Martin,  or  seen  his  mezzotintos  of  Jean- 
Jacques  or  David  Hume  after  Allan  Ramsay. 

With  regard  to  the  miniature  of  1796,  executed, 
as  Mr.  Chambers  would  say,  by  the  moat  diatin- 
guisbed  Caledonian  artist  at  that  time  traveUing 
through  the  border  counties,  I  beg  to  refer  Uk 
RiOQALL  to  the  quarto  edition  of  Buma'a  Work 
recently  published  by  "F.  Ilately  Waddell,Mitiv 
ter  of  the  Gospel."  The  edition  itaelf  is  a  vel 
good  one  i  so  good  indeed  that  it  cannot  be  )>' 


4*8.17.  Oct.  18, '6*.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


jured  W  mf  calling  attentioii  to  &»  moat  eze- 
crable  ubel  on  the  nniuan  fkce  dirine  that  has 
heaa  publiabed  in  the  nineteenth  or  anj  othei 
centn^.  It  has  for  its  comp&nion  a  (limilBr  like- 
nsM  of  the  poet's  eon,  which  we  would  recom-  < 
mend  any  of  jour  coireepondeDta  who  may  Iio  ' 
erpectiiiff  an  addition  to  hia  &milf  to  keep  cue-  ' 
fully  unoiBi  lock  and  key.  CHiTTELSKooa,    i 

Aa  ia  well  known,  Alexander  Naamyth,  the  | 
celebntod  landacape-painter,  painted  a  small-uied 
portiut  of  the  poet  m  1787,  of  whiph  he  mado 
(I  nndeialand)  two  copies.  This  portrait  mn 
engTBTed  br  John  Bengo,  an  engraver  of  great 
merit;  and  to  inaure  fidelity  in  the  likeneaa, 
Bnraa  gave  Bengo  aittinga  separately  for  the 
engraving.  Bengo  finished  his  task,  and  the 
portrait  appeared  in  the  firat  Edinbonh  edition 
of  Boma'a  Pomu  of  1787.  Of  thoae  tbiee  Naa- 
myth portruts,  one  was  in  the  Natioaal  Portrait 
GdleiT  of  London,  where  it  onght  to  be ;  another 
ia  in  tne  possession  of  Mr.  Nicoll  of  Aiu^indrane, 
Avrahire ;  and  the  third  is,  I  think^  mentioned  or 
allndad  to  by  Robert  Chambers  u  bis  library 
edition  of  Bumt't  Worki,  1856,  vol.  It. 

It  ia  the  general  ofunion  of  Buma'a  biographen 
that,  earing  the  Naamyth-Bengo  portrait  no  other 
porlTut  was  punted  of  the  poet,  excepting  that 
alluded  to  bjliimaelf  in  the  letter  of  May  179S, 
the  small  likeness  introduced  into  Allan's  picture 
not  being  regarded,  of  courae,  as  a  portrait  Un- 
fiRtunatur,  however,  no  one  knows  what  haa 
become  of  that  portrait  and  all  trace  of  it  has 


fiRtunatur,   however,  i 

become  of  that  portrait 

been  irrecoverably  lost.    It  never  was' enoraved, 

and  unaccountably  there  ia  no  trace  of  itt  having 

arrived  in  Edinbnigh,  in  accordance  with  tbe 


With  respect  to  the  portrait  by  Peter  Taylor, 
ensraved  by  Horaburgb,  published  about  1880, 
•na  lately  retouched  and  reisaued,  it  waa  pre- 
tended that  it  was  a  genuine  portrait  of  the  poet 

intad  in  bia  lifetime.  But  it  haa  long  beat 
this  portrait  never  was  painted  during 
Luo  uienme  of  the  poet ;  and  indeed  it  ia  now 
admitted  that  it  is  a  pOTtniit  of  Gilbert  Bnma, 
the  peefa  brother,  and  vary  like  him. 

With  respect  to  the  miniature  of  1796,  lb. 
Wnddell  of  Qlesgow  has  become  poaaeaaed  of  a 
amall  oil-ptunting,  which  ha  aaserts  ia  the  long- 
lost  likeneaa ;  and  he  has  had  a  copyof  it  ennared 
and  issued  in  hia  recent  edition  of  Buma'a  Wot^ 
Hr.  Waddell,  in  his  enthusiasm  for  the  poet,  haa 
been  led  to  do  himaelf  a  great  wrong.  Tbe 
portrait  is  that  of  a  vulgar,  coarse,  elderly  man, 
with  the  forehead  and  whole  upper  part  of  tha 
face  receding,  wonderfully  like  Uie  portraita  of 
poor  imbedle  King  George  III.,  and  la  no  oust 
that  of  Bums,  or  of  any  man  fit  to  milt 
poetry,  than  it  ie  the  tikeness  of  Shake^tgaro, 


it  is  fault;  at  Ute  fonntMn-haad.  and  ni 
to  get  any  one  of  standing  to  joia  in  ••»  *»»« 
There  can  be  no  doubt  tl»t  tlie  Natmj£h-Bango 
portrait  <^  1787  waa  botb  a  siiceeMfnl  work  of  at^ 
'  and  alao  a  beantifnl  likuana.  In  dght  yean 
'  afterwards  we  have  podnead  tbe  preaentmant  at 
I  the  same  man,  with  niUy  twenfy-five  years  added 
'  to  bia  age,  and  the  whole  ezpreeuoo,  contour  ot 
I  bee,  a^pe  of  bead,  and  features  completely 
'  altered.  We  know  that  the  poet  aged  a  good 
deal  before  he  died,  but  at  histmie  of  lih  his  faoa 
would  improve  and  acquire  lines  of  thought  and 
of  grace,  rather  than  become  boorish,  vulga^  and 
dismtelleetnal.  Then  how  reconcile  the  auncat 
Aztec  receding  form  of  the  face  and  fbnheadP 
No,  nol  Vi.  Wadddl'a  portrait  is  not  the  loat 
portrait  of  Bobert  Bona.  Beu^'a  angraving  itOl 
remains  the  portrait  of  Bobert  Boma. 

JdtoL  Bichmond,  within  the  last  twent;  jmm, 
painted  a  pOTtrait  of  Bnni^  which  haa  been  en- 
^ved  b^  HoU.  Of  eonns  it  is  only  a  cm^oai- 
tion,bnt  it  ieregaided  as  a  Toiyrocwwafnl  attempt 
at  anoh  a  work;  nay,  even  aa  probably  a  betui 
portrait  of  the  poet  in  Us  prime  thiui  Beogo^ 
well-known  eagming. 

It  is  a  perptadng  dmunstanoa  tiiat  in  1880^ 
when  Taylor'a  piRtiait  waa  published.  Uia.  Btmuy 
the  poef  a  widow,  and  most  of  his  BorviTing  &iKldl^ 
ugned  a  teatimtmiBl  (to  the  pnbliabna)  OBititjing 
to  the  excdlence  of  the  likeneaa.  Inl684Allan 
Cunningham  got  rimjiar  rigmitima  to  tl&e  same 
efiec^tttat  Hie  ai«raTed  portrait  (a  oomporilioB) 
neflzed  to  hia  edition,  wia  also  the  beet  Jikenaaa. 
rn^bly  tbeee  aignatDNs  were  ^veD  more  to  aid 
the  aal*  <tf  th«  work*  than  as  abolate  certiflcataa 
to  tbe  authenticity  of  tlla  engravings. 

By  the  way,  tliere  wia  a  profile  rilhouetta  ci 
the  poe^  taken  entirely  in  bWk,  but  that  doea 
not  come  under  tie  category  at  a  nkeneea. 

PxmWAXS. 


FAULT  or  SCOnOfAT  OB  BCOTHKT. 

(4"  a  iii33^80G.) 

As  I  believe  there  is  no  MS.  or  printed  pedl^ 
gree  to  refer  H.  S.  G.  to,  parhi^  tite  foUcnring 
partioalan  will  be  useful  to  him.  Thej  are  partlT 
derived  from  a  note  to  the  late  Mr.  StubtonV 
neper,  « Holy  Mnity  Priory"  in  Tack,  vol. 
WuBoL  InaL  (p.  S17J,  and  pMUyfrom  HieMSS. 
dCGwraMHollM. 

Tbe  Uneolnabire  Sootneys  were  undoubtedly  k 
limneb  of  tbe  Unsaex  familyoMitinning  tbe  namaa 
of  Walter  and  IkmbeH.    TIm  first  who  o 


Criholla,!) 

M  capita  in  LinoolaaUi^  wbere  be  bdd  CoiAac- 
iogW  Stltaaetbr,  Wykdian,  fto.  (Imm.  MB. 
^e.546.)   ThisHtH^-pnbaUyagi 


^20 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^aiv.  OonUv'M 


Wfilter  filiuB  Lamberti  of  the  Domesday  Book 
(Sussex) — g-ave  to  Mackby  Priory  two  borates 
in  Wykeham,  and  to  Alvingham  Fnory,  with  the 
assent  of  Beatrix  bis  wife  and  Lambert  his  son, 
certain  lands,  and  the  third  part  of  the  site,  and 
after,  with  his  daughter,  a  miU  and  croft  by  char- 
ter, in  the  presence  of  Robert  (de  Cheney),  Bighop 
of  Lincoln  (1147-1107),  in  the  chapter- house  of 
IJncoln  Cathedral.  (Dugd.  Mm.  vi.  969.)  An 
inquisition  of  the  leign  of  Henry  III.  states  that 
IIu}(h  de  Scotney  married  the  daughter  of 
"Richard  de  Humee(?),  formerly  Constable  of 
Normandy,"  nieaoiai;  I  suppose  Richard  de  Horn-  , 
met.  (Co/,  Gen.).  This  was  probably  Beatrix, 
who  must  have  been  his  second  wife,  for  Berta  ' 
was  the  mother  of  Lambert.*  lie  whs  dead  in 
lllC,  for  in  the  Liber  Niger  we  find  his  son 
Lambert  de  Scotenni  certifying  that  be  held  of 
the  king^  sixteen  cyi^tes  of  land  and  two 
bovatee  by  the  service  of  ten  knights.  Lambert 
died  s.  j>.  7  -lohn,  leaving  the  sons  of  his  two 
sisters  his  heirs — Thoraa%  son  of  Berta,  and  Wil- 
liam, son  of  Aumiraia — whereupon  Thomas  de 
Seotteny  fined  with  the  king  to  have  his  reason- 
able part  of  the  bsrony  then  in  the  liiag's  hands, 
with  the  esnecy  in  the  bailiwick  of  the  sheriff  of 
Lincolnshire  (I.ans,  MS.  207,_b.330);  and  Wil- 
liam de  Seoteity,  or  de  Cockeiiogton,  may  be  the 
sou  of  Aumirois ;  if  so,  both  nephews  assumed  the 

Thomas  de  Scoteny  died  .'iO  Henry  TIL,  and 
Peter  his  son  5  Kdward  I.  seised  of  a  moiety  of 
the  barony.  John;  ret.  seventeen,  the  son  and 
heir  of  tiie  latter,  appears  to  have  died  before 
1300,  when  Peter  de  Scoteny  was  summoned  from 


of  Peter  who  died  S  Edward  I.,  adds  that  he 
"  apparently  was  deceased  without  issue  in  the 
same  reign,  leaving  Joan,  daughter  and  heir  of 
John  de  Wurtli,  wile  of  Richard  Kuy  vet  t  of  South - 
wick,  Northftntu,  his  niece,  hia  heiress," 

There  was  a  Walter  de  Scoteni  who  confirmed 
lands  in  Roxby,  co.  Lincoln — three  knights'  fiefs 
bold  of  Hugh  Painel— to  the  canons  of  Drax  by 
charter  made  "  in  progi#s  of  a  jiiumey  to  Jerusa- 
lem," temp.  Richard.  He  could  not  be  the  Walter 
of  Sussex  (1180-1^04),  although  a  contemporary, 
but  was  a  near  relative  of  Lambert,  who  wit- 
nessed the  charter.  Ho  was  dead  !i  John,  and 
"Nicholas  de  Bagiogeswa,s  to  be  fined  for  unlaw- 
fully taking  to  wife  Agnes,  daughter  of  the  said 
Walter,  with  all  her  land." 

Frethesend  de  Scotney  probably  derived  bei* 
name  from  Frethe.iant  I'a^el,  wife  of  Geoffrey 
Luterel,  who  might  have  been  her  grandmother. 

•  In  the  cartularv  of  Ornisby  I'riory  will  be  fuiiQcl 
deeds  K.  d.  of  lierla  He  Sroiney  nnil  Lambert  her  aoa,  ot 
Lambert  de  S„  i»Hh  t^.Tin-iituf  Si-bil  hia  irife,  and  of 
Tbomaii  de  tl— l^in*.  Ml*.  207,  c.    ' 


"There  is  a  ate  in  Rezby  called  'Sootnej- 
hilL'"  I  have  seen  the  name  spelt  "  Scotegm," 
as  if  it  were  that  of  a  place  in  Normandy, 

I  do  not  find  Scotney  among  the  KD3rWt  qiuih 

teiings,  but  the  coat  of  Knyvett  iteelf — abemd 
and  bordure  engrailed — somewhat  reeemblea  tlie 
arms  on  tbe  seal  of  Walter  de  S.  of  Sussex. 

The  lands  of  the  Sussex  Scotneys  were  ''9^ 
knights'  fees  held  of  the  honour  of  the  Earl  of 
Eu  on  condition  of  performing  the  office  of 
standard-bearer  to  the  earl,  and  finding  one  knight 
out  of  the  rape  of  Hastiogs  to  attend  upon  him." 
(Sussar  A-cft.  Soc.  xvii.  266.)  A.  S.  Ellib. 

BromptoD. 

SMITH'S  "POEMS  OF  CONTROVEEBT." 

(4"'  S.  iii.  147.) 


so  Mngs  Sandy  Nicol,  the  pielatic  echoolmaitar 
and  poet  of  Colloce,  in  his  Sural  Mu$e,  as  fir 
back  as  1763 ;  showing  that  vour  correspondent 
has  spotted  a  very  uncommon  little  hook,  and  one 
which,  after  long  seeking,  has  only  just  been 
acquired  by  me  for  a  consideration  ttata  a  libni; 
lately  dispersed  in  the  weet  of  Scotland. 

When  fomid,  the  book  is  hardly  worth  a  tula — 
unless  it  be  to  denounce  it  as  the  vilest  thina  I 
have  seen  for  a  long  time.  The  Poem*  of^Mt' 
iioirrm  arise  in  this  manner : — At  the  Revolution 
a  small  provision  was  made  for  the  support  i^  » 
school  at  Qlonshee  on  the  borders  of  the  north 
Highlands,  and  one  Robert  Smith,  a  student  of 
Marischal  College,  Aberdeen,  was  appointed 
Dominie;  who,  on  coming  to  his  charge,  found 
as  little  satisfaction  with  the  prospect — 
"  Having  no  place  where  to  abide. 
Kor  any  hole  my  head  to  bide," — 

as  did  Mark  Taplev  on  his  arrival  at  Eden  u  it 
was ;  but  lacking  his  happy  pbiloeophv,  oop  poat 
^ve  vent  to  his  disappointment  in  A  Poem  am  d« 
Building  of  the  School  Home  of  Olemhee,  in  whioh 
he  indulged  in  some  bad  language  and  reflecliona 
against  tb^  heritors,  for  neglecting  to  supply  h* 

with  fitting  accommodation.     T 

upon  him  tliB  poet  of  the  Kirk  — 

"  .    ,    .    n  Vfbin  called  Jasper  Cratg, 

Wbo  with  tbe  Lairds  had  made  a  league 

To  iMDter  Smith  out  of  his  right. 

And  so  with  paper-balls  they  figbt." 
Smith,  the  Episcopal  incumbent,  inainufttee  that 
Jasper  was  a  disappointed  candidate  for  the  pott; 
and  if  the  combatants  were  bacited  by  the  two 
factions  of  the  vill^e,  the  fight  was,  I  am  aorrj 
to  say,  discreditable  to  both,  being  in  the  coWM 
style  of  the  Jl^ingt  of  oar  old  poets ;  and  I  think 
it  may  be  fairly  concluded  that,  finding  theak- 
aalves  disgraced,  and  the  morals  of  their  rinng 
generation  imperilled  by  tit^  poets,  tha  inhaUb* 


4*  S.  IV.  Oer.  16,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


321 


ants  burned  the  book,  which  may  account  for  its 
extraordinary  rarity. 

Nicol,  who  has  furnished  me  with  an  introduc- 
tion, curiously  enou^rh  gets  into  a  poetical  encoun- 
ter of  wits  with  Robert  Smith,  the  Dominie  of 
Kinnaird,  and  the  son  of  the  Glenshee  rhymer: 
here,  beincr  both  Episcopalians — no  theological 
differences  existing — their  jousting  is  but  harm- 
less badina<ro ;  in  the  course  of  which  the  Poems 
of  Controver9ijj  and  the  merits  of  the  authors, 
come  under  review.  Nicol,  in  the  interest  of  the 
prelatic  party,  thus  sums  up  his  criticism  upon 
the  work  and  the  combatants :  — 

"  Craigf,  the  Presbyterian  clerk. 
He  has  made  very  smutty  work ; 
For  his  expression,  so  prophane, 
A  Puritan's  profession  stain. 
But  the  Episcopal's  more  modest, 
And  plainly  tells  him  he's  the  oddest 
For  filthy  words  as  one  can  hear; 
They  would  offend  a  strumpet's  ear. 

But  o'er  the  Craigs  and  Highland  hills 
Smith  skips,  triumphing  o'er  their  quills. 
In  satyr  no  man  dares  come  near  him ; 
In  lyric  strains  they  all  admire  him. 
His  pane<j:A'ricks  are  so  just. 
That  every  reader  praise  them  most ; 
And  for  an  answer  to  a  letter, 
None  of  them  all  could  give  it  better : 
For  ready  wit  and  eas}*  verse, 
Craig  like  to  Smith  could  ne'er  rehearse; 
So  that,  for  modesty  and  wit. 
The  Whig  to  Tory  must  submit. 
Yet  they  had  both  been  poets  good. 
Had  not  their  subject  been  so  rude ; 
But  true  it  is,  for  all  their  biting, 
Tiiere  never  came  fair  words  in  flyting.^^ 

Finding  that  the  curious  have  lately  been  grati- 
fied with  a  small  impression  of  the  Poems  of 
Controver.v/j  tliis  reference  to  an  early  notice  of 
the  book  luay  not  be  unacceptable.  J.  0. 


WHO  WEPwi:  THE  COMBATANTS  IN  THE  CLAN 
BATTLE  OX  THE  INCH  AT  PERTH,  a.d.  1396? 

(4'^  S.  iii.  7,  27,  177,  315,  &c.) 

Dr.  Macphersox  wishes  to  make  out  the  clan 
Ha  of  Wynton  to  be  the  clan  Sha,  because  Sh 
(initial)  in  (laelic  sounds  Ha.  This  is  quite  true. 
The  sound  of  Sh  in  English  would  be  represented 
by  Se,  Si,  &C.,  pronounced  She,  Shij  as  the  case 
may  be.  S  before  H  in  the  beginning  of  a  word 
is  silent  in  Gaelic.  But  then  this  clan,  according 
to  Wynton,  would  be  the  Haws,  not  the  Shaws ; 
that  is  to  say,  a  clan  called  by  the  Celts  Haw,  not 
Shaw.  But  there  was  and  is  a  Celtic  race  called 
Shaw  (variously  spelled  in  Gaelic  Tisiabh,  Disiabh, 
Scheach,  Scheauch.  &;c.),  therefore  the  clan  called 
the  clan  Ha  (of  Wynton)  could  not  be  the  clan 
Scheach  or  Shaw,  as  the  word  would  be  written 
in  English. 

Wynton,  however,  does  introduce  a  clanQuhele 
led  by  a  Scha.     We  iind  this  same  dan  Quheto 


and  its  leader  Scha  (or  Scheauch)  mentioned  in  a 
Scots  Act  of  Parliament  of  1392  {Scots  ActSy  i, 
217)  as  implicated  in  the  "raid  of  Angus."  In 
the  Act  the  name  Scheauch  appears  more  like 
Slurach,  but  as  there  never  was  any  such  name  in 
Gaelic  or  any  other  language,  and  as  the  ancient 
Lowland  transcribers  often  made  sad  havoc  of 
Highland  names,  critics  are  agreed  that  the  Slurach 
of  the  Act  is  none  other  than  tbe  Scha,  oi 
Scheauch,  of  Wynton. 

I  do  not  know  any  one  who  disputes  the  tradi- 
tion of  the  Mackintoshes,  at  least  to  this  extent — 
that  from  the  time  of  this  Scha  or  Scheanch 
there  has  been  a  race  of  Shaws  in  Eothiemiir- 
chus.  The  grave  of  the  great  leader  of  the  clan  who 
fought  on  the  Incb  at  Perth  is  still  pointed  out  in 
the  Durying-ground,  in  the  centre  of  that  half  of  it 
which  is  still  set  apart  as  the  Shaws'  burial-place; 
and  the  ruined  castle  of  their  chiefs,  on  one  of 
the  towers  of  which,  a  brace  of  eagles  have  built 
their  eyry  for  the  last  forty  years,  stands  in  the 
centre  of  a  panorama  of  unequalled  magnificence 
and  beauty,  on  an  island  in  Loch-an-EiJbGm  at  the 
foot  of  Cairngorm. 

The  MacMntoshes  say  that  this  leader  ms 
Shaw  Mackintosh,  a  member  of  their  family,  and 
that  he  was  the  founder  of  the  Shaws.  The  Rey. 
Lachlan  Shaw  (historian  of  Moray,  1750,  to  whom 
a  monument,  erected  by  subscription,  has  just 
been  placed  on  the  site  of  the  high  altar  at  Elgin) 
says  that  the  Shaws  existed  as  a  race  alongside  of 
the  Maekintoshes  for  two  centuries  preyiously.  But 
one  thing  is  not  disputed,  that  whoever  were  the 
clans  Qunele  and  Ha,  a  Scha  led  one  of  them ; 
and  according  to  universal  Highland  tradition  and 
genealogical  records,  the,  Shaws  are  his  descend- 
ants by  James,  the  eldest,  and  the  Farquharsons 
by  Farquhar,  his  second  son. 

The  race  of  Schaws  has  always  been  found 
associated  in  the  closest  manner  with  the  Mackin- 
toshes. In  1680  Sir  Robert  Sibbald  (quoted  in 
Spalding  Club,  vol.  Anttq.  of  Aberdeen,  p.  297) 
speaks  of  them  as  "  able  fighting  men,  following 
Mackintosh  as  their  chieftain.*'  In  the  list  of  the 
officers  of  the  Brigadier  Mackintosh  (1715)  the 
name  of  Shaw  occurs  thrice.  Two  Shaws  appear 
amongst  the  friends  by  whom  Mackintosh  was 
accompanied  at  the  conference  in  1726  between 
him  and  Cluny  as  to  the  chieftainship  (Antiq, 
Notes,  Inverness,  by  Fraser  Mackintosh,  Appen. 
p.  358.) 

Whether  there  were  Schaws  as  an  independent 
race,  previous  to  1396,  it  is  difficult  to  decide ;  if 
not,  then  they  and  the  Mackintoshes  were  one 
race.  If  they  were  a  separate  race,  they  must 
have  been  a  closely  allied  race.  According  to  the 
Mackintoshes  themselves,  Shaw,  son  of  the  thane 
or  chief  (MacDuif,  fifth  Thane  or  Eari  of  Fife, 
from  whence  his  name  Mao-an-Toiseach),  was 
their  first  founder;  and  the  name  Shair  oocurs 


322 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


I4fi^  S.  IT.  Oct.  IC  "69. 


more  prominentlY  than  any  other  in  their  gene- 
alogy Drior  to  1396.  May  not  the  dan  com- 
mandect  by  those  Shaws  have  sometimes  been 
designated  ''Mackintoshes/'  followers  of  the  chiefs 
son,  and  sometimes  ''  Shaws/'  followers  of  ShawP 
In  this  way,  at  all  events,  from  its  first  founder, 
the  great  clan  of  the  Isles  was  originally  called 
the  clan  Cuin,  or  race  of  Constantine.  After- 
wards it  was  called  the  clan  Colla,  from  his  son 
Coll,  and  latterly  the  clan  Donald,  after  one  of  his 
descendants  of  that  name.  So  the  Macleans  are 
often  called  clan  Gilleon,  after  their  founder  and 
first  chief,  and  the  Macphersons  the  clan  Muirich, 
after  one  of  the  most  distinguished  in  their  line 
of  chiefs.  The  Farquharsons  are  called  clan  Fhi- 
unla,  after  their  great  ancestor  Finlay  Mor.  There 
is  nothing  more  probable,  therefore — I  should  say 
more  certain — than  that  the  race  in  after  times 
known  as  Mackintoshes  should  at  first  have  been 
as  frequently  designated  as  Na  Si'aich,  "  the 
Shaws,"  after  the  Christian  name  of  their  first 
chief,  as  Mackintoshes,  after  his  appellative  de- 
scription or  designation.  It  seems  to  be  generally 
admitted  that  the  Mackintoshes,  whether  as  the 
clan  Quhele,  the  clan  Ila,  or  the  clan  Chattan, 
led  by  a  Shaw,  were  one  of  the  parties  to  the 
clan  battle.  And  the  Mackintoshes  assert  that 
they  were  the  clan  Chattan  spoken  of,  as  one  of 
the  parties  to  the  conflict,  by  tne  later  chroniclers. 
But  if  the  clan  Quhele  and  the  clan  Chattan 
were  one  and  the  same,  how  are  the  clans  sepa^ 
rately  entered  in  a  Scots  Act  of  Parliament  of 
1504  ?  Mr.  Kilgour  assumes  that  the  clan  Quhele 
and  the  clan  Cameron  are  one  and  the  same,  be- 
cause of  the  resemblance  of  Eil  in  Locheil  to 
Quhele ;  but  in  the  same  Act  the  clan  Cameron 
is  also  separately  entered.  The  three  names 
follow  eacn  other  in  immediate  succession,  show- 
ing perhaps  that  they  were  closely  allied;  but 
still,  so  late  as  1694,  we  have  a  clan  Quhele 
entered  in  an  Act  of  Parliament  as  "  distinct  from 
the  clan  Cameron  and  the  clan  Chattan."  Who 
were  they  ?  No  clan,  now-a-days,  goes  by  the 
name,  neither  is  there  any  clan  known  by  the 
name  of  Clan  Ha.  Mr.  Fra^r  Mackintosh  states 
that  "it  was  not  till  1426,  that  the  Camerons 
were  styled  '  of  Lochiel/  "  {Antiq,  Notes,  p.  162.) 
Now,  let  it  be  kept  in  mind  that  we  have 
abundant  evidence  to  prove  the  existence  of  a 
race  of  Shaws,  either  *'  cousins  *'  or  "  brothers  "  of 
the  Mackintoshes.  But  in  no  Act  are  they  men- 
tioned as  Shaws.  Only  once  does  the  name  crop 
out  as  the  leader  of  the  clan  Quhele  in  the  Scots 
Act  of  1302.  The  Shaws,  however,  were  quite  as 
worthv  of  the  denunciations  of  the  Act  of  1595  as 
the  Macintoshes  and  Camerons;  for  in  1680,  a 
century  later,  they  are  spoken  of  as  "  able  fight- 
ing men."  The  conclusion  is  that  they  were 
meant  by  the  Act  to  be  hunted  down  as  "'broken 
men,"  under  the  designation  of.  the  clan  Quhele, 


and  that  the  Shaws  were  that  branch  of  the  dan 
Chattan  known  as  the  dan  Quhele. 

In  this  conclusion  I  am  fortified  by  the  opinion 
of  one  of  the  most  learned  Gaelic  scholars  and 
Scoto-Celtic  historians  of  the  day,  Colond  J.  A. 
Robertson.  The  clan  Quhele,  he  unhesitatingly 
says,  were  "the  Schaws  of  Rothiemurchua. ' 
(See  his  Gaelic  Topography^  recently  published, 
p.  388.) 

This  condusion  is  still  further  fortified  by  the 
following  considerations : — ^After  1594  we  find  no 
mention  made  in  any  contemporary  record  of  the 
clan  Quhele :  it  drops  out  of  history.  About  this 
very  period  the  Shaws  were  "  broken  up  "  as  a 
clan,  on  account  of  the  slaughter  of  his  step-fiather, 
Dallas  of  Cantray,  by  Allan  their  chief,  and  the 
subsequent  forfeiture  of  the  latter.  Henceforward 
they  K>llowed  the  banner  of  the  Mackintosh,  and 
several  of  the  principal  cadets  of  the  family 
migrated  to  Deeside  and  Forfarshire.  And  (what 
is  very  important)  it  is  not  untU  the  hegmnmg  of 
the  lOih  century  that  historians  introduce  the  name 
of  the  clan  Chattan  as  one  of  the  contending  par- 
ties on  the  Inch  ;  and  why,  but  because  the  clan 
Quhele  was  but  a  brancn  of  this  powerful  con- 
federacy ;  and  the  Mackintoshes,  as  prindpala  of 
the  clan  Chattan,  got  the  credit  in  the  16th 
century  of  what  had  been  done  in  former  days  by 
the  dim  Quhele. 

One  thing,  at  all  events,  emerges  from  the  miat 
in  which,  after  all  that  has  been  said,  this  quee- 
tion  is  enveloped — a  Scha  or  Shaw  as  leader  of 
one  of  the  parties  who  fought.  A  race  is  admitted 
en  all  hands  to  have  been  henceforth  known  by 
his  name — a  race  which  became  "  broken  up  "  tat 
the  reasons  already  mentioned,  which  still,  how* 
ever,  continued,  as  Schaws,  to  follow  the  Mackin- 
tosh banner,  but  which,  true  to  its  andent  origin, 
has  ever  (except  in  a  few  individual  instances) 
worn  the  tartan,  not  of  the  Mackintosh,  but  of 
MacDufi*.  Amongst  other  families  who,  with  that 
of  Mr.  A.  Mackintosh  Shaw,  trace  back — some  of 
them  generallv  to  the  clan  Chattan,  and  some  to 
Sc?ia  the  leader  on  the  Inch — is  Sir  Frederick 
Shaw,  Bart.,  Recorder  of  Dublin,  for  man^  yeam 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  debaters  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  where  he  represented  Trinibr 
College,  Dublin.  The  name  Shaw  stands  fourth 
in  the  order  of  precedence  amongst  the  sixteen 
races — some  of  them  now  eztinct---who  made  up 
the  dan  Chattan.  The  Shaws  of  the  South  A 
Scotland,*  represented  by  Sir  Michael  Shaw 
Stewart,  claim  to  have  been  originally  connected 
with  their  Northern  namesakes,  so  that  I  can 
scarcely  bring  myself  to  regard  the  race  as  being 
so  obscure  and  insignificant,  as  it  seems  to  be  to 
my  friends  Db.  Macpherson  and  Mr.  A.  Mackin- 
tosh Shaw. 

It  is  quite  natural  in  historians  subsequent  to 
1600  to  attribute  to  the  most  important  branch 


4*S.IV.  Oct.  ie,'a9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


of  the  clan  Chattan  coafederacy  the  victor's  place  in 
the  battle  oa  the  North  Inch  ;  but  Bupposuig-  thi; 
Mackintonlies  to  be  the  clan  Gliattan  proper,  anij 
if,  as  it  is  asserted,  thet/  fought  and  won,  then 
how  19  the  entry  of  the  clau  Chattan  separately 
from  the  clan  Quhele  in  the  Act  of  1694  to  be 
accounted  for?  The  historians  contemporary  with 
the  combatants  mention  a  clan  Quhele,  but  not  n 
clan  Chattan. 

I  am  far  from  saying  that  I  hare  solved  the 
difficulty ;  and  if  the  honour  of  my  race  alonn 
were  concerned,  and  not  the  truth  (whatever  that 
may  he),  I  am  quite  content,  as  my  fathoTH  did  of 
yore,  to  give  my  dutiful  allegiance  to  the  Mackin- 
tosh. A  race  which  can  trace  back  as  far  as  1-39C 
may  be  perfectly  satisfied  on  the  score  of  its  anti- 
quity, and,  whether  Shawa  existed  previously  or 
not,  the  Mackintoshes  themselves  admit  our  subse- 
quent existence  as  a  clan  springing  from  their  loins. 
Your  English  readers  will  please  to  remembef 
that  the  numerous  Shaws  in  England  are  in  no 
'Way  connected  with  the  race  bearing  that  name  iu 
Scotland.  Shaw  is  the  nearest  English  sound  to 
the  Gaelic  Scheauch,  just  as  yEneas  is  the  nearest 
English  (or  Greek)  for  the  Gaelic  Angus. 

Into  the  question  as  to  who  were  Uie  clan  Ha 
I  shall  not  enter  farther  tbnn  to  say,  that  Heth  in 
Uoelic  sounds  Ha,  and  that  that  was  the  name 
of  one  of  the  great  chiefs  in  the  genealogy  of  the 
Macphersons.  They  may  have  been  called  the 
clan  Ileth  or  Hn  after  him,  just  as  they  were 
afterwards  called  tbo  clan  Mhuirich  after  a  chief 
of  that  name,  and  iis  other  clans,  as  we  have  seen, 
were  similarly  designated. 

Or  mav  the  clan  lla  not  have  been  that  branch 
of  the  clan  Chattan  called  the  clan  Ay,  admitted 
on  all  hands  to  be  extinctP  (See  Eraser  Mackin- 
tosh's Ajiiiq.  Kotet,  p.  358.)  W.  G.  Shaw. 

P.S.  Your  readers  will  be  interested  in  the 
information  which  follows,  supplied  to  me  by 
Thomas  Dickson,  Esq.,  Curator  of  National  and 
Historic  Itccords,  II.M.  Register  House.  He 
^ves  me  the  following  enlrv,  hitherto  unpub- 
lished, in  the  accounts  of  the  Lord  ChamberUin : 
"  In  the  Computam  CHsdiniari'orum  Inirgi  de  Perth, 
2Cth  April  to  1st  June  i;!07,  the  Custumars  of 
I'erth  take  credit  for  a  payment  of  14/.  S(.  Wd. 
for  the  erection  of  the  lists  within  which  the  ' 
combat  took  place."  "Etpro  mere  mis,  feno  et  , 
facturaclausuresexngintapersonarumpugnanciuni 
in  Insula  de  I'erth.  How  does  this  matt«r-of- 
fact  entry  enable  ua  to  realise  what  to  many  hat 
only  the  appearance  of  a  "historical  romance  "  1 


called  "  Saddle  to  Bags."  The  best  copy  of  "The 
Notbrowne  Mayde"  appears  in  Mr.  W .  Carew 
Hftilitt's  Bemain*  of  the  Early  Fopuiar  Poetry  of 
"    ■     ■  ■  --i,  ii.  272.         ■  W.  W.  KiKO. 


Hallad:  "Nni-BBOWS  Maip" 
(4'*  H.  ir.  206.)— JlR.  Scarr  will  find  a  good 
leprint  of  the  ballad  he  quotes  in  Sarjy  Bauitd*, 
edited  by  Uohert  Itell,  \>i^yi,  p.  177.    ft  is  there 


QR8KK  Epitaph  (4"-  S.  iv.  253.)— 
"Hers  in  sweet  sleep  the  son  of  Nlcon  lies; 

He  aleepa — for  who  shall  say  the  good  man  dies?" 
The  original  of  the  above  is  an  epigram  of 
CftllimachuB :  — 

TfS(  Zitav  i  AfuiHiT  'KKintiot  Upkr  tnar 

AHOologia  Graea,  liLKl. 
"Here  Saon,  Dicoo'a  son,  the  Acanthinn  lies 

to  hoiy  sleep :  a  good  man  never  dies." 
In  Dr.  Wellesley's  Anlhologia  PolygloOa,  p.  436, 
may  be  seen  about  a  dozen  transLatioDS  of  this 
epigram,  in  Latin,  Italian,  French,  German,  and 
English.  It  is  imitated  in  the  epitaph  on  Dr. 
Madan,  Bishop  of  Peterborough  (ob.  A.c.  1813) — 

"In  Mcreil  sleep  the  pious  bishop  lies. 
Say  not  in  de«th — a  good  msn  never  dies." 
The  310th  epigram  in   the  Appendix   to  the 
Aiahologia  Graca   concludes  nitu  a  still  earlier 
imitation,  of  uncertain  authorship :  — 

Mol  \fyt  ThewAiypf  Mtm,  irtp '  ov  Bt/urhf  "yip 
etimir  Tolii  irra9oi!,  i\X'  limy  Mbr  fxta. 

The  father  of  Saon  was  Dicon,  not  Nicon.  It  b 
hardly  necessary  to  add  that  metrical  reasona 
make  it  impossible  that  NliraiRii  was  ever  written 
by  CallimachuB,  as  the  writer  of  the  lines  at  the 
head  of  this  note  appears  to  have  supposed. 

J,  E.  SABDrs, 

Cambridge. 

Ca][sl=Seif  of  tee  Desert  (i*^  S.  iv.  10.)— 
This  is  an  Arabic  expression,  to  be  found  in  the 
Koran  (xxiii.  SI,  22),  thus  rendered  hy  Sale  :  — 

"  Te  lave  likewise  an  instruction  in  the  cattle ;  we  give 
you  to  drink  of  the  ntUi  which  is  in  their  belliea,  and  ya 
teceiva  many  advantssea  from  tbem  :  and  of  them  do  ya 
«a[:  and  on  them,  sod  on  shipe  [_/olc}  are  ye  carried; 
^ding  the  following  note :  — 

"  The  beast  more  particularly  meant  in  this  place  Is  lbs 
Runel,  which  is  chiefly  wed  for  carriage  in  the  E^ast ; 
Ijeiog  called  by  the  Arabs  the  Und-thip,  on  which  they 
pue  thoee  teni  oftand,  the  deserts." 
Savary's  translation  is, — 

■■  They  cairy  yon  on  this  earth  a*  the  ships  bear  yon  on 
ih«»at"(v.2i}. 
The  Arabic  text  is, — 


The  Mme  word  occura  again  in  this  Sun  in 
speaking  of  Noah's  ark.  The  word  folc  is  from  A 
root  st^kifying  "  round,  the  breasts,  the  celestial 
orb,"  &C.    Hence  the  /eiueea,  a  two-muted  baric 


3S4 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  8.  IV.  Oct.  16,  ■«. 


wotliad  by  out  and  a«ili.  The  iroid  here,  and  in  ' 
Sura  xliiL  11,  traoalated  "  cattle,"  anami,  means, 
according  to  Freytag  (621),  "camels  and  aheep," 
cmaeqiieatly  the  horse  and  cow  are  not  included. 
The  other  names  for  skip  ia  Arabic  are  eofon, 
lafaitto,  iajmati,  and  in  the  plural  aafiaiUon  (Koran 
xyiii.  70),  The  connection  of  the  Engliiii  with 
the  Arabic  word  may  be  traced  through  the  Ger- 
man t(Mff.  T.  J.  BUCKTON. 

"  Violet,  oe  the  Dabsbcsb  "  (4""  S.  iv.  176). 
In  answer  to  your  correspondent  D.  G.  R.,  relative 
to  the  authorahip  of  I'tolette  la  Dmiseuse,  I  re- 
niomber  the  uoveVs  first  appearance,  and  wm  then 
told  on  Terr  ^pod  authority  that  it  was  written 
by  Mies  Spalding,  Lady  Brougham's  daughter  by 
her  first  marriage — the  present  Lady  Malet  havinft 
married,  in  1834,  Sir  Ale:tander  Mslet.  She  was 
only  seventeen  when  it  was  published;  and  from 
the  Bubject  of  the  novel,  though  most  delicately 
handled,  her  friends  were  at  the  time  very  anxious 
that  her  name  should  then  be  concealed.  1  cannot 
give  the  exact  date  of  the  publication,  but  cer- 
taiiily  nearer  forty  than  twenty-five  years  since. 

The  author  of  the  above  popular  novel  was 
John  Lang,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-Ijaw,  He  did  not, 
BO  far  as  I  know,  write  any  other  novel,  though 
depending  a  good  deal  on  bis  pen  for  his  main- 
teuance.  He  aftorwnrds  went  to  India,  and  was 
at  one  time  editor  of  an  "up-country"  newspaper. 
He  haa  now,  I  believe,  been  dead  some  years. 

NoELL  Radclupb. 

Lace  of  Gboiotii  (4"'  8.  iv.  263.)— Your  cor- 
respondent states  that,  if  a  Uice  of  land  be  sixteen 
feetsquare,  then,  consequently,  forty  lace  of  ground 
contam  two  hundred  and  forty  squars  feet.  I  can- 
not see  how  he  arnvex  at  this  conclusion.  Surely 
the  area  would  be  256  x  40,  or  10,240  feet. 

\V.  B.  C. 

I  have  not  met  before  with  the  word  lace  so 
applied.  The  dimenaioa  of  sixteen  feet  square  ia 
the  same  as  the  "  rod,  pole,  or  perch  "  of  tne  land 
measurers  — truly  16  ft.  0  in.  The  perch,  how- 
ever, varies  in  many  parts  of  England.  The  Dic- 
tionary of  Architecture  states  that  "  Lace  ia  pro- 
bably a  chamfer."  It  occurs  in  a  book  dated  1754, 
in  the  passage,  "without  laces  or  keys  to  bind 
them."  "  Laces  or  binding  beams,"  and  "  pur- 
Ueea,"  occur  in  Holmes  (^Academy  of  Armory,  fol., 
Chester,  1688,  p.  450),  in  the  enumeration  of  the 
"  sevet^  pieces  of  timber  belonging  to  a  wood 
house."  The  Prompt.  Paru.  has  "  Ince  of  a  howse- 
rofe,  laqaearia.''  Lore  ia  also  applied  to  a  crack 
or  break  in  stone,  so  close  as  not  to  be  found 
sometimes  until  it  comes  under  the  miiaon's  tool: 
this  is  perhaps  a  Yorkshire  term.  Here  are 
different  meuungs.  How  ia  the  word  derived  P 
W.  P. 


the  origin  of  the  monument,  vrill  any  one  obUve 
me  with  hie  view  of  the  origin  of  the  word  F  ^s 
it  anything  to  do  with  the  Celtic  cairn,  or  haa 
the  name  in  France  been  borrowed  from  that  in 
Egypt?  If  not,  how  comes  it  that  monuments,  in 
some  respects  bo  similar,  have  been  deBignated  by 
the  same  name  in  countries  difiering  so  mneh 
from  each  other  ?  W.  B.  0. 

If  this  subject  be  not  yet  closed,  I  venture  to 
add  what  Beema  a  fatal  objection  to  Cahok  Jacik- 
boh'b  theory: — 1.  Camac  is  a  Gaehc  word  whitdi 
meane  "  a  atony  place,"  nothing  more,  bo  fiar  u  I 
can  learn.  This  name,  therefore,  bears  no  e»- 
farence  to  the  avenues  as  a  subject  of  inteiMt, 
and  is  quite  indefinite  as  to  the  origin  or  UB«a 
thereof.  2.  My  objection  to  the  loat-viqiiiia 
theory  is  that  these  avenues  at  Oamac,  thou^ 
long  kept  very  prominently  before  au^quarieBa 
are  only  half  the  story,  for  there  is  another  and 
rather  longer,  but  otherwise  precisely  aimilu, 
affair,  within  a  very  few  miles  of  it  tUekoning 
by  the  French  ordnance  survey,  I  ahould  jndm 
the  exact  distance  between  Camac  and  Eiderm 
to  be  two  and  a  quarter  French  postgj,  leaguea. 
3.  The  avenues  at  Camac  are  reported  as  about 
1600  French  rnktret  in  length ;  those  at  Erdevin 
as  about  1800 ;  each  has  the  tnaUUra  arranged 
similarly,  viz.,  in  eleven  rows,  forming  ten  ave- 
nues ;  and  some  people  imagine  that  both  have  at 
one  time  been  united.  Now,  if  once  united  I  inftv 
that  we  get  far  more  than  the  specified  number  of 
virgins;  if  separate,  Cason  Jacksoit  must  plaue 
supply  another  theory  to  account  for  the  oriein  <X 
the  remaining  half,  or  the  scheme  ia  palpably  in- 
complete ;  if  he  accept  both  series  to  make  up  hia 
number  it  may  be  implied  that  the  junction  IB  A 
sheer  impossibility.  I  dare  not  propose  to  help 
him  by  suggesting  that  both  may  bo  riotU  mcnn- 
ments  to  commemorate  one  event.         ^L.  Hall. 

2,  Bnmswick  Terrace,  BrixMn  HIU. 

A  Card  Query  (l**  8.  iv.  157,  22.5.)— The 

Seen  existed  as  a  court  card  in  ISOO.  See  Boiten, 
!  Carte*  <l  Joaer,  Paris,  1854,  p.  7 ;  — 
"  Les  nx  premieres  sont  ilea  carter  d'un  tarotfUtk 
Paris  vera  Tan  1500;  elles  repn&eaUDt:  rEmperaur  (t 
le  Monde,  deux  figures  gymboliques ;  puis  un  aa,iBH  nAi^ 
un  cavalier  ct  un  varlet,  distingu^  par  dea  dgDM  Um 
difr^reuts  de  nog  aiftaea  ocbut,  caiTean,  piqoB  at  trtde." 

The  queen  is  unknown  in  the  East;  and,  siaca 
Spain  was  the  first  European  country  into  which 
cards  were  introduced— probably  directly  tram 
India— the  queen  is  absent  from  the  most  andent 
packs  made  in  that  country.  The  queen  was,  in 
fact,  substituted  for  the  Spanish  blight  by  the 
French  andllAlians;  although  some  andent  Italian 
I  packs  have  been  found  with  the  cavalier,  aa  weQ 
I  as  tJie  king,  queen,  and  knave.    On  the  ahacaao 


as.  IV.  Oct.  16. '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


325 


of  the  queen  front  SpaoUli  cards,  see  Boiteau 
|>.41:  — 

■■  11  D'y  u  paa  de  itniati  d«i]9  1«3  cntea  nnm^raled  di 


lil.Vi 


'is 


CocKKur  Rhyme  {i"'  S.  iv.  29, 87, 12J,  208.)— 
I  am  gutprised  that  none  of  those  who  hate  so 
auccessfiillv  vindicBted  Sir  Walter  Scott's  rhrmi; 
of  Stdph,  lamh,  from  the  charge  of  cocknevjsm, 
should  not  nlso  have  tnken  up  the  cudgels  iii 
defence  of  lluot  and  his  rhyme  of  Apollo,  halioic; 
hecauBO  lhi»  latter  is  iu  precisely  the  snme  cate- 
gory  as  Scott's,  of  being  a  perfect  rhyme  to  the 
ear,   as    was   perceived    by  Craahaw  when  hti 

-  Ilini  fill-  Slusea  love  to  follow, 
Him  they  call  Iheir  Vk^e-Apollo," 
I  have  been  told  of  a  West  Indian  community 
who  admit  no  rhymes  but  thoae  addressed  to  the 
«/c,  wjio  are  aalialied  with  these  however  muct 
the  ear  may  he  outraged,  and  who  would  regard 
with  complacency  as  rhymes  such  words  as  though, 
tough,  eoiiffh,  bough,  and  the  like.  I  do  not  sup- 
pose that  the  objector  to  the  rhymes  which  we 
have  been  considering,  of  Scott  aad  Hunt,  would 
go  BO  far  as  tbi.i;  but  he  is  certainly  wrong  in 
rejecting  such  words  as  Apollo  anS  holtow,  only 
because  they  do  not  terminate  with  the  same 
combination  of  letters.  W.  B.  C. 

St.  Dcilecii's  CnuRcn.  sear  Doni.rs  (i''  S. 
IT.  236.) — A  plan,  with  geometrical  elevations  of 
this  building,  showini;  the  additions  made  lately 
(18C4)  by  the  architects  Messrs.  Lanyon,  Lvnn, 
and  Lanvon,  are  given  in  The  Dubiin  Builder, 
No.  12U,  "March  lo,  imr,.  W.  P. 

IlADLEian  Castle  (4"'  S.  ir.  217.)— In  addi- 
tion to  your  account,  plans  and  views  of  this 
building,  with  an  essay  by  Mr.  C,  F.  Hayward, 
will  bo  found  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Euex 
Archaiilogicnl  Soeiely.  W.  P. 

losA  ;  Ion  (;("'  S.  i.  62.) — In  an  interesting 
paper  on  the  English  Language,  and  which  ap- 
peared in  "  X.  &  Q."  as  quoted  above,  the  writer 
states  that  the  former  of  the  two  words  which 
head  this  note  "  will  be  recognised  by  every 
Hebrew  scholar  as  the  representative  in  that 
language  of  the  dove."  It  was  this  remark  that 
brought  back  to  my  mind  the  plot  in  Euripides' 
play  of  loti,  where  the  hero  escapes  poisoning 
through  the  intervention  of  a  flock  oi  pigeons 
(■vMut  iTtA(u;i'),  freq^ucnters  of  Apollo's  temple  j 
and  for  the  fir^t  time  I  understood  that  this 
levend  was  originally  connected  with  the  name. 
Of  this  connection  Euripides  himself  was  evi- 
dently ignorant,  as  in  three  different  passages  of 
this  play  (lines  001,  802,  ^M)  ho  gives  "more  I 
tfagicorum,*'  an  absurd  origin  for  his  hero's  name,  | 
who  according  to  him  is  called  Ion,  as  havii^  j 


been  met  first  by  his  supposititious  father  on  going 
out  of  the  temple.  It  is  entirely  new  to  me,  ana 
I  should  be  glad  to  know  if  it  has  ever  been 
noticed  before.  W.  B.  C. 

The  Gbeai  Clock  of  St.  Padl's  Cathbdrai, 
(4"*  S.  iv.  213.)— The  atory  of  the  sentinel  alluded 
to  ia  certainly  not,  in  its  present  form,  worthy  of 
credit     Independently  of^  the   circumstance   de- 

Cd  to  by  your  correspondent  that  St.  Paul's 
no  clock  at  the  time  of  the  supposed  date  of 
the  occurrence,  it  must  be  clear  to  all  who  are 
familiar  with  toe  mechanism  of  a  time-piece  that 
for  a  clock  to  strike  tjiirteen  is  simply  impoafible. 
It  is  noteworthy  that  a  similar  event  is  related 
by  the  local  historians  of  Launceston  aa  having 
happened  there.  P.  E.  Mabet. 

"The  Caramamian  Exile"  (4'»  S.  ii.  438.)— 
This  poem  will  be  found  in  the  Dublin  Univa-tUt/ 
Magaikie  for  May  1844,  p.  630.  It  was  one  of 
the  apocryphal  translations  from  the  Turkish  bf 
James  Clarence  Mangan,  the  gifted  but  unhappy 
author  of  the  "Anthologia  Gormanica,"  in  the 
same  periodicaL  B.  Dlaik. 

Uelbounie. 

Esiftri  (4"'  S.  iv.  172,  223.)  —  I  am  afraid  even 

Mb.  Skeat'b  ingenuity^  baa  failed  to  suggest  an 

acceptable  English  equivalent  for  this  word,  now 

almost  naturalised  among  us  in  its  French  shape. 

If  annoy  will  do,  then  my  compassion  for  thoae 

troubled   with   ennui  is   infinitely  increased,  for 

oBHoy  seems  to  me  the  cicpreEBion  of  a  far  stronger 

sensation   than*  is   consistent   with   etmui.      Mb. 

Seeat's  quotationa  tell   rather  against   himself 

I  for  surely  neither  "anguish"  nor  "  grief"  is  com- 

!  patible  with  mnwi,  and  each  word  is  coupled  by 

I  Spenser  with  annoy.     This  might  not  by  itaelf  be 

]  conclusive  against  the  latter  word,  but  it  is  used 

I  by  Shakspeare  in  a  sense  which  it  would  be  diffi- 

I  cult  to  reconcile  with  so  mild  an  interpretation  of 

it  as  is  now  proposed.   (See  his  Venus  and  Adonis, 

I  line   500.)     What   would   be  said   of  a   French 

'  translator  who  should  render  mmoy  in  this  paasaga 

■  by  enniti?  '  G.  M.  G. 

i      A  Kemabkable  a"Hio  (3'*  S.  xii.  943,  296.)  — 

I   Will  you  permit  me  to  draw  P.  A.  L.'s  attention 

I  to  the  statement  about  Lord  Taunton,  who,  when 

Henry  Labouchere,  first  obtained  a  seat  in  Patlia- 

I,  ment   in   1826   for    St.   Michael's  (see  Debrett'e 

I  JOutirated  Peerage,  1869,  p.  429).    Lord  Whatn- 

LjifTe,  too,  was  not  in  the  House  of  Commons  in 

1834.     This  nobleman,  who  was  the  second  peer 

of  this  family,  never  attained  the  honour  of  a  seat 

in   the  House  of  Commons   until   1841   for  the 

West  Riding  (vide  hia  obituary  in  the  Appendix 

to  Chronicle  of  the  Annmal  Regider,  vol.  xcvii. 

]>.  313,  London,  1866).   Lord  Whamcliffe  is men- 

lioned  as  the  "Hon.  Stuart  Wortley"  by  your 

CMiemondeut  P.  A.  L. :  this  is   an  error.     The 

lint  Lotd  Whamdifle's  gnadlkUieT  was  John, 


326 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[^lAi'S.iy.  Oor.l«,*6ft. 


third  Earl  of  Bute,  his  own  father  being  James 
Archibald  Stuart,  Lieut. -Colonel  in  the  army, 
and  M.P.  for  co.  Bute  in  1774, 1784,  and  1806. 
This  gentleman  assumed  in  Jan.  1795,  by  sign 
manual,  the  additional  surname  of  Wortley.  The 
Whamcliffe  peerage  was  created  July  12,  1826. 
See  Burke's  Peerage  and  Baronetage,  pp.  1174, 
1175.  W.  B.  ToBiN. 

Prior's  Poems  :  "  Hans  Carvel  "  (4»*»  S.  iv. 
255.) — This  poem  is  included  in  Dr.  Johnson's 
British  Poets^  edition  1800,  "  London,  printed  for 
Andrew  Miller,  Strand,"  iv.  346.  I  have  no  doubt 
it  will  be  found  in  other  editions  also ;  and  I  am 
surprised  at  your  correspondent,  if  a  reader  of 
Prior,  being  in  ignorance  of  its  existence. 

R.  M'C. 

Popular  Phraseology:  Warm  (4***  S.  iv. 
255.) —  Warm  is  certainly  not  peculiarly  a  Sussex 
expression.  It  is,  1  think,  as  certainly  of  modern 
date.  I  have  always  put  it  down  as  a  cockney 
phrase. 

Does  it  not  come  from  the  influences  of  our  cold 
climate  ?  We  say  a  man  is  "  well  off,"  or  "  com- 
fortably off,''  in  just  the  same  sense  as  warm  is 
used. 

In  "  N.  &  Q."  3'«>  S.  xi.  413  there  is  an  ad- 
mirable note  on  the  proverb  —  "  Out  of  God's 
blessing  into  the  warm  siin";  showing  how  it 
comes  to  us  from  hot  climates,  where  shade  is  the 
blessing  and  sun  the  curse.  (Parenthetically : 
How  is  it  that  Mb.  Hazlitt  has  missed  this  refer- 
ence in  his  proverb-book  P  A  very  apt  instance 
of  the  proverb,  showing  its  meaning,  is  noted  in 
4"'  S.  iv.  132.) 

JFflrm  =  rich,  I  take  to  be  the  phrase  of  a 
climate  where  cold  is  the  curse  and  warmth  the 
blessing.  Such  expressions  as ''  cold  comfort,"  '^  as 
cold  as  charity,"  show  our  hatred  of  cold.  Per- 
haps the  proverb,  '^  He  is  wise  enough  that  can 
keep  himself  warm  "  (see  Hazlitt,  p.  167 ;  Hey- 
wood's  "  Dialogue,"  SpenseJi^  Soc.  Reprint,  p.  46), 
may  illustrate  the  word.         John  Addis,  M.A. 

Rnstington,  near  LittlchamptoA,  Sussex. 

Ephraim  Jenkiftson  says  to  the  Vicar  of  Wake- 
iieldy  that  he  shall  have  a  draft  on  his  neighbour, 
Flamborough,  payable  at  sight,  '^  and  let  me  tell 
you  he  is  as  warm  a  man  as  any  within  five  miles 
round  him."  W.  G. 

Robert  Burns  (4"»  S.  iv.  252.) — Allow  me  to 

supplement  the  criticism  on  Bums  quoted  from 

the  New  London  Magazine  of  1786  by  one  taken 

from  the  Neio  Town  and  Country  Magazine  for 

August,  1787 :  — 

'^  R.  B.  we  are  informed/*  says  the  critic,  "  is  a  plough- 
boy,  of  small  education,  but  blessed  by  nature  with  a 
powerful  genius.  His  subjects  are  not',  as  might  have 
been  expected,  confined  to  the  objects  which  surround 
him :  he  is  satirical  as  well  as  pastoral,  and  humorous  as 

well  as  pathetic Theiie  poems  being  '  chiefly 

in  the  Scottish  dialect,'  it  must  necessarily  coiS^ne  their 


beauties  to  a  small  circle  of  readers :  however,  the  anthor 
has  given  good  specimens  of  his  skill  in  English.  The 
following  stanza  is  not  only  very  elegant,  bat  highly 
poetical." 

And  here  the  critic  proceeds  to  quote  the  lines 
beginning  — 

''  Oh  happy  love  I  where  love  like  this  is  found  I " 

O.A.B. 

"Orom  a  boo"  (4»»»  S.  ii.  438,  614;  iii.  276; 

iv.  247.)  —  The  following  is  taken  from  Heylyn's 

History  of  S.  George  the  Martyr :  — 

"  And  here  I  shall  observe  that  onely,  which  1  find  in 
Master  SelderCs  notes  on  the  Poly-Ottnon;  as,  viz. 
that  under  Henry  8.  it  was  enacted — 'that  the  Iriih 
should  leaye  their  Cramaboo  and  ButieraboOf  words  of 
unlawful!  patronage ;  and  name  themselves  under  Saint 
George,  and  the  Kuigs  of  England.* " 

E.  L.  BLENKnrsopp. 

Springthorpe  Rectory. 

Genealogical  Queries  (4''»  S.  iii.  104.) — 3. 
"  Aleanora,  widow  of  Richard  le  Despenser,  son 
of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Gloucester,' '  was  eldest  datu^h- 
ter  of  Ralph  Nevil,  Earl  of  Westmorland.  She 
remarried  Henry  Percy,  Earl  of  Northumberlandi 
who  was  slain  in  the  first  battle  of  St  Albans  in 
33  Henry  VI.     (Dugdale,  Bar.  i.  281,  299,  897.) 

B.  W.  Gbeeitfibld. 

Southampton. 

Five  Egos  (4'»»  S.  iv.  242.)— The  proverb  cited 

by  Cotgrave  stands  thus  in  Meurier's  TrSsor  de$ 

SenteticeSy  xvi  Century : — 

^  Un  oeuf  n*est  rien,  deux  font  grand  bien, 
Trois  est  assez,  quatre  est  trop, 
Cinq  donnent  la  mort." 

The  French  language  has  more  than  one  pxo- 
verb  in  its  ovary : — 

'*  Cela  est  ^gal  comme  deux  osufs,*' 

or,  as  we  say  in  our  English,  '^  as  like  as  two 

pins,"  and  more  poetically  — 

<*  An  apple,  cleft  in  two,  is  not  more  twin 
Than  these  two  creatures.'* — Twelfth  Night, 

E.  Ii«  S« 

Leaden  Combs  (4»»»  S.  iv.  232.)— 

**  Iris,  for  scandal  most  notorious. 
Cries, '  Lord,  the  world  is  so  censorious,* 
And  Rufa,  with  her  combs  of  lead. 
Whispers  that  Sappho's  hair  is  red.** 
(Swift,  The  Journal  of  a  Modem  Ixufy,  voL  viL 
p.  194.  ed.  London,  1757.) 

E.N. 

Milton's  Granddaughter  (4"»  S.  iv.  134.)-— 

The  following  may  be  interesting  as  a  paiiial 

answer  to  R.  E.  L.'s  query.    I  have  taken  it  from 

Land  and  Water,  vol.  i.  p.  196  :— 

**  The  river  Narron  winds  on  its  wav  with  little  in- 
terest till  we  come  opposite  the  village  of  Dean,  lyinff  on 
the  east  side  of  the  river,  and  we  cannot  but  feel  an 
interest  in  visiting  the  place  where  was  bom,  in  1709, 
the  kind-hearted  Cumberland  poet,  John  Dntton,  who 
wrote  many  good  descriptive  verses  on  the  Yale  of  Km- 
wick,  and  who,  in  1750,  adapted  to  the  stage  MUtoo^ 


4-^  s.  IV.  Oct.  16,  '69.]             NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  327 

Qmus,  and  during  its  run  songht  out  a  granddaughter  PORTRAIT  OP  Btrok  (4***  S.  iv.  251.) — 

of  Milton's  in  distressed  circumsUnces,  and  procured  a  «  jjec  Dens,  nee  Homo,  mens  divinior,  nihilo  nisi  soli, 

^?«5f  ^""1}^^*  u  *''^*'  '^  !*'^  ^  ^r®  P^^^^SJ^  upwards  orbis   terrarum   totius   anims   et  oculi  gloriw,  compa- 

ofl20/.    Dr.  Johnson  "wrote  a  prologue  for  me  occasion,  yanda." 

which  was  spoken  by  Garrick." 

M.  C.  Prewdergast.  ,  ^  ^^7^  been  several  times  in  Bruges,  and  think 

I  would  recollect  had  I  seen  a  stnking  portrait 
Einfaltig  (4}^  S.  iv.  253.) — This  word  is  iden-  of  the  poet  there.  It  will  be  interesting  to  know 
tical  in  form  and  meaning  with  Latin  simplex,  from  the  writer  in  the  Standard  (Sept.  13,  18G9), 
English  simple,  and  both  words  have,  in  a  similar  whether  it  was  one  of  those  well-known  by 
way,  drifted  into  a  secondary  application  of  a  de-  engraving  or  otherwise,  some  of  which  are  enu- 
based  character.  Ein-falt  is  one- fold.  Simplex  merated  by  Mr.  John  Piggot,  Jtjw.,  after  Thos. 
has  been  supposed  to  derive  from  sine-plica,  with-  Phillips,  R.  Westall,  and  G.  Saunders.  There  is, 
out  a  fold,  but  modern  pbilologers  consiaer  the  besides,  a  profile  by  G.  H.  Harlowe,  with  down- 
preferable  derivation  to  be  from  semel-plicOj  to  fold  cast  eyes  and  a  somewhat  disdainful  expression ; 
once,  as  opposed  to  du-plex,  twice  folded.  The  also,  a  profile  by  Count  D'Orsay.  The  American 
passage  in  St.  Matthew's  gospel,  vi.  22.  "  If  thine  artist  W.  E.  West,  the  last  painter,  I  believe, 
eye  be  single,^^  &c.,  in  Greek  ihv  olv  6  6<p9a\fi6s  <rov  to  whom  Byron  sat  for  his  portrait  in  Italy, 
airXovs  y  is  translated  in  all  the  Teutonic  languages,  allowed  me  m  London  (1830)  to  make  a  copy  of 
except  English,  by  einfdltig,  differing,  of  course,  it  in  sepia,  as  I  had  read  in  Moore's  Byron  that 
dialectically :  Gothic,  ain faith;  A.  S.,  anfeald;  the  noble  poet — perhaps  not  a  very  good  judge — 
Ger.,  einfdltig,  &c.  In  Latin  the  rendering  is  considered  it  a  very  good,  if  not  the  best,  likeness 
simplex.  Now,  just  as  our  word  simple  has  two  that  had  been  taken  of  him.  I  must  say,  how- 
meanings — the  one  noble,  as  when  we  speak  of  a  ever,  that  the  Countess  Guiccioli  (Marchioness  de 
pure  simple-minded  man ;  the  other  ignoble,  as  Boissy),  in  her  late  work  on  Lord  Byron,  at  the 
when  we  talk  of  a  simpleton — so  einfdltig  is  used  same  time  that  she  speaks  highly  of  Mr.  West  aa 
precisely  in  the  same  senses.  The  more  noble  use  a  man  of  high  feeling,  does  so  disparagingly  of  the 
1  have  alluded  to  in  the  gospel  of  St.  Matthew,  picture ;  yet  the  expression  of  the  large  hazel 
The  other  may  be  illustrated  ty  the  anecdote  of  a  eyes  and  the  finely  shaped  mouth  were  supremely 
gentleman  presenting  his  friend  to  a  lady  with  the  beautiful.  It  has  been  badly  engraved  by  Wedge- 
following  introduction :  —  "  Madame,  ich  stelle  wood  and  Engelheart                              P.  A.  L. 

11"";°  ^'f  ,'J^"  B"""  ^'»?  ^TTT  J°.V  f '  "t''*  "^  WooDcrra  ik  Daily  Papers  (4«'  S.  iv.  232.) 

e,nfalt,g  ist,  al8  er  auss^ht.       «  Madata  I  pre-  ^  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  .^^^^  ^j  TheTi«H»  noted  bf 

sent  to  vou  my  fnend,  Baron  G ,  who  is  not  j     i.   -d    -d     r>    •         !.•  i.           y 

r         I,    1    1    M     rr       u*  1,  xu      i-t.  joyxt  correspondent  R.  B.   P.  in  which  wood- 
as  simple  as  he  looks.       To  which  the  other  re-     i„x„  ^^ S^  u      i«       x^  j-      i.    xx    x:       Z  j^ 

joined, -"  Madame,   diess   ist  der  Untewchied  ^"^Cf^l  V^  7   ffJS?  TL            "           * 

iwischen  diesem  Herm    and  mir."      «  Madam,  ^f^^  ^"^^P}  ^'}^-    ^  ^''^!-"  "T  *?" 

that  i8  just  the  difference  between  mv  friend  and  j!5"!,.'^^?°f  1'  ^"**^n*  perspective  elevation 

If?'                                            X  -A    Prn-rnw  ^^^  P^*^  ^^  *  houso  at  Greenland  Dock  on  the 


myself. '  J.  A.  PiCTON. 


Thames,  where  a  deliberate  murder  had   been 


Sandyknowe,  VVavertree.  committed  on  a  Mr.  Blight  by  a  man  named 


in  1539,  means  the  simple,  that  is,  simple-minded  ^^   vi     7.    .-   *  ""^  ^'^  ^""'^  ^'""V  t7  w  ""^^ 

people,  standing  in  need  of  instruction,  and  willing  "  G^nJ^^ieh 

to  receive  it.     In  an  old  Worter-Buch,  in  dreyen  ^^  ' 

Sprachen,  Deutsch,  Frankosisch  und  Latein  (Genf,  ^IR  Thomas  MoRiEirx  (4»»»  S.  iv.  233.)  — In 

1718),  the  meanings  given  for  HinfdUig  are  *'Sim-  *^«  ^^*  ^^  Constables  of  the  Tower  in  Bayley's 

pie,  innocent,"— ^'simplex,  sincerus;"  and  in  the  ^^<^  <>/ *^  Tower,  it  appears  that  Sir  Thomas 

old  German  and  French  Dictionary  of  Ehrmann,  ^^  succeeded  as  constable  by  Edward,  Earl  of 

Einfdltig  is  '^  simple."     Now  this  is  not  in  the  Jutland  in  1391.     As  Hermentrtjde  states  that 

sense  of  silly,  as  when  we  call  a  man  a  simpleton ;  *^®  ^^^®  ^^  *^  *^^*  period  granted  for  life,  this 

but    as   explained    in    Basil   Faber's    Thesaurus  year  was  probably  that  of  Sir  Thomas's  death. 

Lingnce  Latince  (Lipsia3,  1(J80),  where  under  the  ^'  ^'  ^' 


by  W.  G.  Kogers  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Royal 
German  :  ^^Vlles,  was  rechtschaffen  und  warhaff-  List,  of  British  Architects,  June  3,  1867,  and  a 
tig,  das  ist,  treulich,  einfdltig  u.  s.  w.,"  and  when  paper  on  the  *'  Restoration  and  Preservation  of 
translating  the  Latin  adverb,  simpliciter,  he  gives  Wood  Cartings,"  by  Henry  Grace,  April  28, 1866. 
the  meaning  eitifdltig.  F.  C.  H.  C.  B.  T. 


328 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S.  IV.  Oct.  16,  "CT. 


£1  iictUtmtiiui. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 

Concordance  to  the    Works  of  Alfred    Tennyton,  P.L,, 
D.CL.,  F.R.S,    By  D.  Barker  Brightwell.    (Moxon.) 

Who  shall  now  say  that,  in  this  country  at  least,  a 
prophet  is  without  honour  in  his  own  day  ?    More  than  a 
century  passed  away  after  Shakespeare  and  Milton  had 
been  laid  in  their  graves  before  their  utterances  had  so  . 
far  become  household  words  that  men  desired  to  have  the 
means  of  instantly  recovering  anv  dimly-remembered 
phrase  or  half-forgotten  passage.    J3ut  the  great  poet  of 
our  own  day  is  not  allowed  even  to  finish  his  work  and  \ 
fold  his  hands,  before  his  admirers  are  clamorous  fbr  a  > 
Concordance,  so  that  they  may  at  once  turn  to  the  longed- 
for  thoughts  or  glowing  words  they  de^dre  to  recover. 
Nearly  five  hundred   double-columned  closely  printed  , 
pages  attest  the  vast  amount  of  labour  which  the  pre- 
paration of  the  Concordance  has  entailed  upon  Mr.  Bright- 
well.    That  gentleman  declares  that  the  work  has  been  a  . 
labour  of  love,  and  that  he  shall  feel  amply  rewarded  if  . 
he  wins  the  approval  of  those  to  whom  "•  lucky  rhymes  "  : 
are  — 

** .  .  .  scrip  and  share, 
And  mellow  metres  more  than  cent,  for  cent." 

Such  approval  will  be  cheerfully  awarded  to  him  by  all 
who  avail  themselves  of  his  book,  provided  they  take  the 
trouble  to  attend  to  the  rules  which  he  has  laid  down  for 
their  guidance.  A  portrait  of  the  Laureate  from  a  pho- 
tograph by  Mr.  Jeffrey,  is  prefixed  to  the  volume. 

Byron  painted  hy  hin  Compeers  i  or.  All  about  Lord  Byron 
from  his  Marriage  to  his  Death,  as  given  in  various 
Newspapers  of  the  Day,  6fc.     (Palmer.) 

This  little  pamplilet  contains  many  interc'^ting  par- 
ticulars, from  the  newspapers  of  the  time,  of  Byron's  mar- 
riage, separation,  and  death.  The  extracts  from  the 
Morning  Chronicle,  more  particularly  the  Correspondence 
between  Perry  and  Sir  lialph  Noel,  are  not  without 
special  interest  at  the  present  moment. 

Death  of  Mk.  Woodward,  Her  Majesty's  Li- 
brarian.— It  is  with  deep  regret  that  we  have  to  record 
the  death  of  Benjamin  Bolingbroke  Woodward,  Esq., 
F.S.A.,  which  took  place  at  his  residence.  Royal  Mews, 
Pimlico,  on  Tuesday  lost,  the  12th  instant.  Mr.  Wood- 
ward, who  was  born  at  Norwich  in  1816,  graduated  at 
the  London  University,  was  first  known,  we  believe,  by 
iiis  General  History  of  Hampshire,  and  was  ap])oint^ 
librarian  in  Ordinary  to  the  Queen  at  Windsor,  and 
Keeper  of  the  Royal  Collection  of  Prints  and  Drawings, 
in  1860,  on  the  death  of  the  late  Mr.  Glover.  He  pro- 
jected and  edited  The  Fine  Arts  Quarterly  Review,  and 
has  been  for  some  time  engaged  on  **  The  Life  and  Works 
of  Leonardo  da  Vinci."  Mr.  Woodward  was  a  frequent 
contributor  to  these  columns ;  and  the  regret  which  we 
feel  at  his  early  death  will  be  shared  by  a  large  circle  of 
attached  friends. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED   TO   PURCnASE. 

Farticiilani  and  Prk-e.  &c.,  of  the  followine  book*  to  be  »cnt  direct  to 
the  ffontlcman  b>'  whom  they  are  required,  whuic  name  and  addrcM  are 
sriven  fur  that  punN>M. 

Stenskr'h  WonKR.  liy  TwM.    h  Vols.    lArge  pajier. 
Mb».  Bkhx's  Novei.h  axd  Plats. 

STrKKLKY'S  ST0XKIIKN'(JE  axh  Aiu'rv. 

Fox'R  MRMOIIW  AM»  (.ORRRfllHJXDBXTB.     Vol.  IV. 

Catauxjcr  ok  thk  TirrrrKKH  at  thr  I^uvrr,  Paris. 
Bewick'r  History  ok  Birds  asd  Quadrkprds. 
Shakbmi'kark'h  Works.    Folio.    Tmnl  Edition. 
AKDRRHo:«*R  House  of  Yvrrv.   a  Voli. 

Wanted  by  Jfr,  Thoma^t  Bett,  Bookseller,  15,  Conduit  Street, 

Bond  Street.  W. 


UirirKasAL  Gatalooub  or  Abt  Books.   All  AdJiticmM  and 
reetimu  shftmU  be  addrtMted  totheEdiMr^  iSomlM  KemHtiqUm 
London,  }V. 


LrrBHARY  ^K}ys,^Wf  are  makina  arrangtment*  to  meet  the 
of  thttff  tcko  tifMirf  to  *ei'  **  X.  ft  Q.*  a  medium  t{f  Literary  ImSeUigemet 
cu  tcttl  as  of  Literary  JntercomtHUHtcation. 

SowKys,  fry  an  ttt{fortmiatr  typngrnphieai  trmr,  w  dflaerAecf ,  aait^, 
P.  S74,  col.  i.  line  S,  cu  an  cditAf.  '*  wiom  "  intttad  qf  "  meM,"  wkiek  hm 
omught  u»  numerouB  eommiiniratHm»t  eorrrrtive  and  interrogaUm, 
which  this  explamatioH  rtuder*  it  unneeeMtarp  that  tee  shomU  imatft, 

II.  n.'t  reiUy  on  Three  Tailon  of  Tooley  Street  cfo«»  iiol  give  t 
vantetl,  the  predne  where  and  when  that  wortktet 
tioned. 


A  mrmg  other  article*  qf  interest  neeeMorilyppttponed  until 
art-.  The  Edinbunrh  Review  on  Shakespeare,  The  Oieat  HebeUloo, 
A  Minor  Byron  Hyntery. 

L.  trt^  find mtteh  illHMnititm  of  tkr.  old  proverb,  **  Topmtamsiks  in 
hi*  icheeir  in  our  1st  S.  viii .  M9, 3&1. 6SS,  578,  «f  I;  iz.  4S.  601 ;  x.  sT 

C.   W.   Power.    Some  €uroHnt  of  the  origin  qf  BONardB  and  lie 
Piatutforteappt^ared  in  **  K.  ft  Q."  1st  S.  x.  B;  Sod  S.  L  lOii  iT.Uli  Irt 

S.  X.  XI9. 


MoDKRH  l5vicrTTo:»R._That  (rreat  inTention  the      

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to  lie  eclipsed  in  fkmu  by  that  still  greater  and  more  naeftil  Inveatfoi 


the  "  Key  kn  Watch."  The  Act  of  no  key  beinr  leqaiied 
Watches  induqwnsable  to  the  trmveller,  the  nerroui.  and  invalldi* 
The  enormous  number  f*nt  eren  by  pout  to  all  parts  of  the  worldL  is  • 
conrindnr  proof  of  their  prcat  utility.  Thepriessat  whIdbL  thvue  nld 
range  from  a  to  100  icuinead.  Thousands  of  them  are  "»*""fc«*M!t<  bf 
Mr.  J.  W.  BBXfiox,  of  Old  B'md  Street,  and  of  the  Steam  Faetotr.  IM" 
(catc  Hill,  London,  who  sends  iMMt  free  for  id.  a  most  intMestinc  hlelo- 
rioal  iiamphlet  ninm  watchmakini;. 

^  Notes  axd  Qubriks"  is  registered  fi»-  < 


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Monograms,  two  letters,  ftom  te.|  three  letters,  fkom  7s.  Boriaaaa 
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4«»»  S.  I.  Oct.  28,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


8S9 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  OCTOBER  23,  18«9. 


CONTENTS.— No  96. 


NOTRS :  —  Tlie  Groat  Rebellion,  329  -The  Bibliomphy  of 
Archery,  330  —  Folk  Lore,  lb,  —  Milton's  Use  of  the  Prefix 
**  y,"  331  —  Balk :  a  Fragment  on  Shaksporeau  Glossaries, 
8S2— .The  First  RAilway  Time  Table  —  Glass-Painting: — 
Reynolds's  Portrait  of  Uuly  Sunderlin  ~  Monumental  In- 
scnptions  flrom  Leyden  —  Wig,  332. 

QXJB&IBS :  —  A  Minor  Bvron  Mystery,  333  —  Was  Amicia, 
Daughter  of  Hugh  Cyvelioo.  Earl  of  Chester,  an  Ancestress 
of  Charles  II.  ?  —  Baocalaureus  —  Becker  (Pridricus  Cris- 
tofferus)  —  Box  —  "  Crumble  "  in  Topographical  Names  — 
Caledonian  Forests  —  Sir  Thomas  Flimer  —  Golos,  a  Term 
in  Swearing  —  Colonel  Lamothe,  or  Lamotte — The  Word 
"  Metropolis "  —  Mortimer,  Earls  of  March  —  Quotations 
wanted  — Snib  (sneb)  tho  Door  —  Steer  —  The  Clock  of 
Old  St.  Paul's  —  Treaty  of  Limc-rick  —  Van  Yalkenburgh 
—Arms  of  Walbanck  —  TsKili-KaU,  334. 

Qnssixs*  WITH  Afswbbs  :  —  "  Toujours  Perdrix  "  —  Dr. 
William  licwin,  D.C.L.  —  Arthur  Bamardiston  —  H.  W. 
Bunbnry  —  John  Herd  and  laocrates  —  Anonymous  — 
"  Book  of  Rights  "  -  William  Holman  Hunt's  "  Christ  in 
the  Temple/'.S36. 

REPLIES:  — The  "Edinburgh  Review,"  and  Shakeepetre, 
888  —  "  The  Prodigal  Son/'  an  Oratorio.  889  —  Punish- 
ment by  Drowning,  340  —  Old  French  Words,  841  — 
Horace,  Carm.  i.  28, 341  —  Sir  William  Etoger.  Knight,  842 
—  Seal  of  Ha  wise.  Lady  of  Cyveilioc.  lb.—  Sir  Hugh  Cal- 
veley— The  Possibility  of  a  Clock  striking  Thirteen  — 
Bumble  Bee— "The  Pursuit  of  Pleasure *'  — Dunmow 
Ftitoh  —  PWTots  —  Natural  Inheritance  —  Sir  Roger  Pri- 
deaux  and  Elizabeth  ClilTord  —  Low  Side  Windows— An 
unacknowledged  Poem  of  Tennyson  —  Plant  Names  — 
Goethe  — "Wlhitby:  a  Poem,"  bySMSttcl  Jones  — Ripon 
Spurs  —  "  Hans  Carvel,"  Ac,  848. 

Notes  on  Books,  Ac. 


THE  GREAT  REBELLION, 

In  the  Saturday  Review  of  August  14,  1869,  is 
a  notice  of  Professor  Rogers*s  Hi&torical  Oleanings, 
On  p.  226  of  the  Satucraay  Review  is  the  following 
passage  and  quotation.  The  leviewer  had  been 
nnding  fault  with  Professor  Rogers  for  not  giving 
his  authorities : — 

<<We  turn,  for  instance,  to  the  sixth  page  of  Mr. 
Rogers'  Lectures.    We  there  read : — 

'*  *  It  is  not  easy  to  discover  the  extent  to  which  the 
nation  took  part  m  the  great  civil  war.  But  it  is  certaia 
that  the  real  combatants  were  few.  Before  the  armies 
joined  battle  at  Naseby,  it  is  said  that  a  party  of  comitiy 
gentlemen  crossed  the  field  with  their  hounds  in  ftdl  ciy, 
Charles  wondered  that  any  of  his  subjects  could  be  neotnl 
on  that  day.  It  was  the  neutrality  of  these  men  which 
restored  the  monarchy.  Had  the  same  impulses,  the  same 
passions  which  moved  Roundhead  and  Uavalier  moved 
every  Englishman,  the  victory  of  the  former  wouldjiever 
have  been  followed  by  reaction.' 

**  Now  for  an  anecdote  like  this,  which,  if  true,  oor- 
tainly  proves  a  great  deal,  we  should  like  to  have  soma 
better  authority  than  *  it  is  said.'  Where  did  Mr.  Rogers 
find  it  ?  To  go  to  the  most  obvious  book,  it  is  not  in 
Clarendon  ;  perhaps  Clarendon  was  not  likely  to  record 
it  if  it  did  happen.  But  we  have  a  notion  of  having  seen, 
if  not  the  story  itself,  at  least  something  like  it,  some- 
where or  other.  A  line  from  Mr.  Rogers  at  the  bottom 
of  the  page  would  settle  our  difficulties ;  for  though  the 
original  authorities  are  doubtless  open  to  our  study,  vet 
human  nature  shrinks  firom  turning  over  all  that  im 


been  written  about  the  civil  war  in  order  to  find  out  such 
a  point  as  this.  Perhaps,  after  all,  we  are  only  thinkin^^ 
perhaps  Mr.  Rogera  was  only  thinking,  of  the  words  of 
Lord  Macaulay  about  an  eariier  warom,  how  within  a 
week  after  the  fight  of  Towton  the  yeoman  was  drivhig 
his  plough  and  the  squire  was  flying*  his  hawks  over  the 
field  of  battle." 

The  real  story  is  told  in  the  second  ▼olame  of 
Kimber  and  Johnson's  ^orone^e  (London,  17710 
in  the  pedig^ree  of  Shuckburgk  of  Shudtburgh.  I 
copy  it  here :  — 


^  Sir  Richard  Shut^bnrgfa,  Knt, eldest  son  and  heir,^ 
no  way  inferior  to  his  aneestora  As  King  Ghaiks  L 
marched  to  Edgcot,  near  Banbunr,  on  Oct.  82, 164^  be 
saw  him  hunting  in  the  fidds  with  a  very  good  pa«  of 
hounds,  upon  which  it  is  reported  that  he  fbtehed  a  Hmg 
sigh,  and  asked  who  the  gentleman  was  that  hunted  so 
merrfly  that  morning  when  he  was  going  to  fight  ibr  Ua 
crown  and  dignity;  and  beinff  told  Uiat  it  was  lidi 
Richard  Shnckbuigh,  he  was  ordered  to  be  called  to  Mni. 
and  was  by  him  very  graciously  received.  Upon  whidL 
he  went  immediately  home,  armed  all  his  tenants,  uA 
the  next  day  attended  him  in  the  field,  where  he  was 
knighted,  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  EdgeidIL 
After  the  taking  of  Banbury  Castle  and  his  mijerty^  re- 
treat firom  those  parts,  he  went  to  his  own  seat  «Dd  ftanr* 
tified  himself  on  the  top  of  Shnckborou^  Hill,  whoe^ 
being  attacked  bv  some  of  the  Parliament  fbioea^  be  de- 
fended himself  t&l  he  fbll  with  most  of  his  tenanls  aboaft 
him ;  but,  being  taken  up  and  VHtb  perceived  in  bim,  ha 
was  carried  away  piiaoaer  to  KaoHwortbOaidabWfaere  la 
lay  a  eonsiderabie  time,  and  was  fiiroed  to  piirnbiie  Ui 
liberty  at  a  dear  rate.** 

It  will  be  seen  at  onee  tiiat  the  ^nge  of  date 
from  Naseby,  fought  in  Junoi  1646,  to  ^Mg^^W. 
fought  fai  October,  16^,  depnvea  eyen  the  veal 
stoiy,  wbidi  diffua  ia  detail  eeaomtially  from  Pro* 
fesBor  Roger8*8»of  all  tbosiffiiificaBoa  wluch  ho  might 
hayo  attached  toil.  ThokUMrhadniiiMdhiMtndaid 
only  a  fbw  weeks  before  ESlgebill ;  that  is  to  mj, 
in  Augusl^  1642,  at  Notdngfaam.  People  m^j 
not  bayo  decided  to  act  ia  October,  1642;  but  in 
1645 1  do  not  beKeve  thova  waa  any  nevtMiity'  at 
£iiglaiid«  I  regret  to  differ  from  IVoftflBor  Rogan^ 
but  baying  studied  this  dismal  period  of  oar  hte- 
tory^  for  many  years,  I  see  bo  signs  of  any  neutral 
qdrit  after  the  fatal  war  waa  onca  fully  Mfore  the 
country.  Many  would  hsve  greatly  preferred  » 
settlement  without  war,  and  not  evezy  gentleman 
took  the  ileld.  But  I  never  read  any  mstenoe  of 
a  man  showing  any  doubt  as  to  the  side  wfaidh 
had  hia  aympathiaa.  I  attribute  the  Bestoratioo 
to  the  gradind  oohyenion  of  the  enemies  of  the 
kinff ;  and  I  attribnte  thatoanrenion^not  ao  much 
to  we  recollecticui  of  the  disasters  and  miseries  of 
the  war  itself— though  those  no  doubt  had  great 
weight — as  to  the  ruin  of  political  freedom  and 
social  lifc^  and  the  oyerwhetmioff  cant  and  hypcH 
crisy  which  had  domineered  unaer  the  name  of 
religion.  The  Restoration  oaye  badk  a  large 
though  imperfect  measure  of  freedom,  and  le- 
piaced  the  ancient  social  state.  It  also  for  soma 
time  roDitased  the  ezoeoses  of  a  finoliciam  whidi 


330 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»k  s.  IV.  ocTT.  28,  ^ea. 


it  could  not  extinguish.  The  fanaticism  survives, 
but  we  can  now  give  utterance  to  what  we  feel 
for  it  without  any  dread  of  a  parliament. 

D.  P. 
Stuarts  Lodge,  Malrem  Wells. 


THE  BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  ARCHERY. 

Mr.  Arber*s  elegant  and  correct  reprint  of  that 

opu3  aurewn,  the  Toxophilus  of  Roger  Ascham, 

having  drawn  some  attention  to  the  art  of  Archery, 

the  present  contribution  to  the  bibliography  of 

the  subject — ^which  is  barely  noticed  in  Lowndes — 

may  not  be  unacceptable : — 

*'  The  Art  of  Archerie,  showing  how  it  is  most  neces- 
sary in  these  times  for  this  Kingdome,  both  in  Peace 
and  War,  and  how  it  may  be  done  without  Charge  to  the 
Country,  Trouble  to  the  People,  or  any  Hindrance  to 
necessary  Occupations :  also  of  the  Discipline,  the  Pos- 
tures, Ac.  for  attayning  to  the  Art."  By  Gervase  Mark- 
ham.  Woodcut  frontispiece  of  a  bowman  in  full  costume. 
12mo,  1634. 

"  Aim  for  Archers."    12mo,  1638. 

*'  Archerie  Revived ;  or,  the  Bowman*s  Excellence. 
An  Heroic  Poem,  beine  a  Description  of  the  Use  and 
Koble  Yertues  of  the  Long-Bo w,  in  our  last  Age  so 
famous  for  the  many  great  and  admired  Victories  won  by 
the  English  and  other  Warlike  Nations,  over  mostparts 
of  the  World."  By  Robert  Shotterel  and  T.  D'Drfey. 
8vo.    Roycroftj  1676. 

*'  Archerie  Reviv'd.  A  Poetical  Essay  on  the  Muster 
of  the  Company  of  Archers  in  Scotland."  By  W.  C. 
Small  4to.  Edinburgh,  1677.  (Dedicated  to  the  Most 
Koble  the  Marauess  of  Atholl,  Earl  of  Atholl  and  Tulli- 
bardin,  &c,  by  W.  C.) 

**  The  Bowman*s  Glory,  or  Archery  Revived,  giving  an 
Account  of  the  many  signal  Favours  vouchsafed  to 
Archers  and  Archer}',  by  those  renowned  Monarchs,  King 
Henry  VIIL,  James  and  Charles  L,  Ac,  as  by  their  several 
gracious  commissions  here  recited  may  appear.  With  a 
brief  Relation  of  the  Manner  of  the  Archers  marching  on 
several  Days  of  Solemnity."  By  William  Wood.  Small 
8vo,  1682. 

[The  author  of  this  book,  as  he  himself  informs  us, 
was  *<  Marshall  to  the  Regiment  of  Archers."  His  por- 
trait, with  an  account  of  his  life,  is  given  in  Harding's 
Bioaraphical  Mirrour,  4to,  1795,  i.  66 ;  where  also  will 
be  round  the  only  verses  ("  In  Praise  of  Archery  *•)  which 
are  contained  in  the  book.] 

"  Pitcarnii  (Arch.),  Guil.  Scot  a  Thurlestane,  T.  Kin- 
eadii,  et  aliorum  Selecta  Poemata."  12mo.  Edinburgi, 
1737. 

'*  Poems  in  English  and  Latin  on  the  Archers  and 
Roval  Company  of  Archers,  by  several  hands."  12mo. 
Edinburgh,  1726. 

**  Regulations  of  the  Society  of  Roval  British  Bowmen, 
estabUshed  Feb.  27*  1787."  48mo.  'Wrexham. 

**  Anecdotes  of  Archery,  Ancient  and  Modem."  By  H. 
G.  Oldfield.  12mo,  1791. 

"  Anecdotes  of  Archer)'."  By  A.  E.  Hargrove.  12mo, 
1792. 

"An  Essay  on  Archery,  Describing  the  Practice  of 
that  Art  in  all  Ages  and  Nations."  By  W.  M.  Moseley. 
8vo.    Worcester,  1792. 

"  Roberts's  English  Bowman."  8vo.   Port.  1801. 

A  collection  of  curious  and  rare  tracts  on  archery :  — 
"  A  Remembrance  of  the  Worthy  Show  and  Shooting  by 
the  Duke  of  Shoreditch,  and  the  two  Sons  of  the  Earl  of 
Pancridge,"  1588 ;   '*  Account  of  the  glorious  Show  of 


400  Archers  with  flying  colours  in  Hyde  Park,"  1661 ; 
"  Glossary  of  Terms  us^  in  Archery,"  &c 

"  Ballads  of  Archery,  Sonnets,"  &c  By  James  William 
Dodd.    With  the  Music.  8vo,  1818. 

**  A  Treatise  on  Shooting  with  the  long  Bow.''  12mo, 
1827. 

"The  Archer's  Guide,  with  full  directions  for  the  use 
of  the  Bow."    Bv  an  Old  Toxophilite.  12mo,  1833. 

"The  Book  of'Archerj',"  by  G.  A.  Hansard.  8vo,  1840. 

"Anecdotes  of  Archery,  from  the  earliest  Ages  to  the 
year  1791,  with  a  History  of  the  Modem  Societies,  and  a 
Glossary  of  Terms."    By  A.  E.  Hargrove.  8vo,  1846. 

As  the  bibliography  of  Ascham's  Toxophilus 
is  given  fully  by  Mr.  Arber,  it  need  not  be  repro- 
duced here.  A  notice  of  Ascham  will  be  found 
in  the  Retrospective  Review ,  voL  iv.  paii;  i. 

There  are  some  lines  descriptive  of  the  happi- 
ness of  a  Bowman's  life  in  the  attempt  to  complete 
Ben  Jonson's  fine  fragment.  The  Sad  Shepherd; 
or,  a  Tale  of  Robin  Hood,  by  F.  G.  Waldron,  8vo, 
1783.  William  Bates. 

Birmingham. 


FOLK  LORE. 


Local  RnTMES. — I  send  the  following  local 
rhymes  from  Norfolk.  All  the  Tillages  referred 
to  in  them  are  near  Cromer :  — 

'*  Trimingham,  Gimingham, 
Knapton  and  Trunch, 
Northrepps  and  Southrepps, 
Lie  all  in  a  bunch." 

The  coa'st-line  is  followed  in  — 

**  Cromer  crabs, 
Ronton  dabs, 
Beeston  babies, 
Sheringham  ladies, 
Wey  bourne  witches, 
Salthouse  diches: 
And  the  Blakeney  people 
Stand  on  the  steeple, 
And  crack  hazel  nuts 
With  a  five-farthing  beetle !  ** 

C.  W.  Babxlbt.  • 

Deyonshire  Folk-lorb:  the  Bitb  of  ak 
Adder. — A  short  time  since  a  young  man  was 
bitten  on  the  forefinger  by  an  adder  at  Fartlej, 
near  Axminster.  A  medical  man  attended  to  him^ 
reducing  the  inflammation.  Meanwhile  a  curiooa 
remedy  was  resorted  to:  a  chicken  was  hastily 
killed,  the  wounded  hand  thrust  into  the  stomach, 
and  there  kept  till  the  bird  became  cold,  in  the 
belief  that  if  the  flesh  of  the  bird,  when  cold, 
took  a  dark  colour  the  poison  would  be  extracted 
from  the  sufferer;  but  that  if  the  flesh  should 
remain  of  its  natural  colour,  the  poison  would  do 
its  work  upon  the  bitten  man.  Jossphtts. 

Mistletoe  on  the  Oak. — ^The  following  note 
is  from  Warner's  Planta  Woodfordienses,  pub- 
lished 1771:— 

**  On  trees,  particularly  the  oak,  apple,  pear,  ash,  lime^ 
willow,  elm,  &c.  &c    Found  on  an  oak,  between  Wood* 


i'^S.lV,  Oct.  23, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


331 


ford  Roir  >nd  'Tlio  HalJ  Factd  SUj;,'  near  The  Ten 
Mile  Slone ;  and  nn  an  apple-tree  in  an  nrcbard  in  Lough- 
ton  ;  and  on  several  trees,  many  of  them  oaks,  between 
that  pliice  and  Mr.  Conyeis',  Copped  Hall." 

Jaueb  Bbittew. 

Bo^al  HertMriDm,  Kew,  W. 

A  Scottish  Witch  Rhtmb.  — In  one  of  the 

thymes  uttered  as  charme  by  persoas  uuug  incan- 
tations in  Suotland  dumig  the  seventeenth  cen- 

"  In  came  Dricliline, 
Dear  Lord  Almightine." 

According  to  Dr.  Jamieson,  Drichlme  signiGea 
Lord.  He  derivoa  tbe  word  from  the  Anglo- 
Saion.  I  ahould  like  to  have  somefurtheropinion 
as  to  the  origin  and  the  precise  meaning  of  the 
word.  CBARLB3  RoasBS,  LL.D. 

Snowdonn  Villa,  Lewishnm.  S.E. 

M.iopiE  ScPEasTinoN  (3"  S.  ix.  59,)— 
"  For  anglers,  in  spring,  it  it  alwaj-a  uolucky  lo  tee 
tingle  miigpies,  but  lien  may  be  atvays  considered  ai  a 
favournble  omen ;  and  the  reason  i^  that  in  cold  and 
Btormy  weather  one  magpie  alone  leaves  the  nest  in 
seatcli  of  food,  the  others  remaining  sitting  upon  the 
pg^  or  the  young  ones;  bat  when  two  go  out  tof^lier, 
it  is  onlv  when  the  weather  is  warm  and  mild,  and 
favourable  for  fishing.'' — SiiJnumHi. 

J.  WiLKiss,  B.C.L. 


SULTON'S  USE  OF  THE  PREFIX  "T." 

Mr.  Marsh  has  remarked  that  Milton  only  usei 
the  syllabic  prefix  i/-  (A.-S.  ge-)  thrice  through- 
out the  whole  of  his  j^etical  works ;  and  in  one 
of  these  instances  it  is  applied  in  a  verj  unusual 
way,  being  prefixed  to  a  present  participle,  as  in 
the  following  well-known  lines  from  the  epitaph 
on  Shakespeare:  — 
"  What  needs  mv  Shakespeare,  for  bii  bononr'd  bones. 

The  labour  of  an  age  in  piled  stones  ? 

Or  that  hit  hallow'd  re1ic|uea  should  be  hid 

tJnder  a  st^^F-ypoiuting  pyramid." 

"  It  is  possible,'"  says  Mr.  Marsh,  "  that  Milton 
used  ypoiated,  in  which  case  tbe  meaning  would 
he  polnlfd  or  innnoimted  with  a  star  like  some  of 
the  Egyptian  obelisks,  which  hare  receired  this 
de[X>ratian  since  they  were  transferred  to  Europe, 
instead  n(  jmiiilinij  to  the  ef/iri." 

Sir.  Marsh  has  nlso  remarked  tbnt  there  are 
few  oxHinples  of  this  usage :  he  might  have  said 
that  there  are  no  early  instances,  tor  iUtlmde ^ 
Ja-tin^'i  which  he  quotes,  is  not  exactly  to  the 
point,  as  the  i  (or  r/)  is  not  the  prefix  of  the  pas- 
bivc  participle,  but  the  verbal  prefix  ge,  which 
corrHaponds  occasionally  to  the  Latin  con-  (cp. 
A.-S.  gi-liei4an^t(i  last,  continue.  But  I  would 
by  nn  means  say  that  wo  ought  to  reed  ypoinUd, 
for  in  so  doing  we  should  mar  a  very  intelligible 
passii^p.  It  is  probable  that  Mil  Ion  did  not  un- 
derslniid  the  exact  value  of  tbis  prefix,  as  it  had 


become  archaic  long  before  bis  time,  but  employed 
it  merely  "for  metrical  convenience." 

Milton,  however,  ia  not  alone  in  the  anomalous 
use  of  this  prefix.  Sackville,  in  his  legend  en- 
titled The  Couiplatni  of  Henry  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham, has  committed  a  similar  mistake,  although 
by  hia  frequent  and  correct  employment  of  toil 
prefix  in  the  Induction  and  Legend  one  would 
suppose  he  knew  well  its  grammaUcal  value.  It 
is  perhaps  worth  noticing  that,  as  far  as  I  hava 
observed,  there  are  no  examples  of  this  preSx 
either  ia  the  Mirroarfor  Magxtlratet  or  iu  Sack- 
ville's  tragedy  of  Ferrex  and  Pontx. 

The  passage  in  which  the  present  partiinplfl 
with  y  occurs  is  to  be  found  in  p.  140  of  Siih- 
viiie'i  Works,  edited  by  the  Hon.  and  Rev,  Regi- 
nald   W.   Sackville-West,   M.A.      I    have  iJao 


"  For  when,  alas.  I  saw  the  tyrant  King, 
Content  not  only  from  his  nephews  twain 
To  reare  world's  bllas,  but  also  all  world's  being. 
Sans  earthly  guilt  •caun'n^  both  be  slain, 
Hy  heart  oggrier'd  that  sucb  a  wretch  should  reign." 
Sackville  hat  many  anomalous  formations; — 
thus,  in  order  to  get  a  rhyme  to  dooms  (The  Com- 
plainli  p.   129),   he   employs   tbe   uncouth   form 
benoonu  (takes  away),  instead  of  henim*.    As  h»- 
noom  =  O.  E.  bautin  or  henom,  the   preterite  of 
bemmm,  henoomt  is  a  present  tense  formed  from  a 
preterite.     A  rimilar  error  has  been  perpetuated 
in,   lo  numb,   and,  to  be  numb  {c^.  O.  £,  numa, 
numtn,  or  nomt,  nomen,  p.  p.  of  nttnen,  to  take), 
infinitives  formed  from  passive  participles.  With- 
out  any   neceoeity,   he   employs  yeeJiHjr  =  going 
{Induction,  p.  107),  which  is  really  a  present 
partidple  formed  from  a  preterite,  yed  or  yetd. 
(Mr.  Skeat  has  already  drawn  attention  to  Spen- 
ser's use  of  the  perfect  tense  yeed  as  an  infinitive.) 
Wotted  (^Complainl,  p.  142)  is  another  anomalv 
instead  of  icisfo  or  iKiri,  being  a  preterite  formed, 
not  from  the  infiaitiTe,  but  from  the  present  t«nse 
(cp.  O.  £,  wot  first  and  third,  and  ifost  second 
person  singular  prea.  indie,  of  joiten). 

Behightelh  =  promiseth  {Ferrex  and  Porrex, 
>.  13)  is  an  instance  of  a  present  tense  formed 
'      (<n.A.'S.  ieA<«<>n,!«A(%iR;0.  E. 


from  a  preterite  (»ffl.j( 

behett,  behoU;  A.-S.  hatan,  pret.  A«U;  0.  E.  hdf, 

hate,  pret  highf). 

Spensei  oSends  agtunst  Early  English  grammar 
far  more  frequently  than  Sackville.  He  has  no 
scruples  in  using  Mght  as  a  present  tense:  forhre 
and  lore,  properly  plural  preterites  and  passive 
parUciples,  he  employs  as  singular  preterites. 
Not  content  with  toot  as  a  present,  be  uses  watt 

i_.j — J   .< .   (=ipo(rf),   writes 


r  motet;  and  instead  of  « 


Shakespeare  has  two  anomalous  formationa 
worth  noticing :— 1.  Beholding  for  beholden,  i.  e.  the 
active  or  present  participle  instead  of  the  passive 


332 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  OcjT.  S$,  -Wl 


(see  Benry  IV.  Part  /.,  ii.  1).  2.  MouUm  for 
mouUinffj  the  passive  participle  instead  of  the 
actiye  (Henry  IV,  Part  I,  iii.  1).  MouU  is  a 
weak  verb,  and  its  passive  participle  is  moulted, 
not  mouUen, 

Bacon  has  loading  {or  laden  or  hden.   See  Essays 
(ed.  Singer)  p.  44, 1.  27.  R.  M. 


BALK:    A  FRAGMENT   ON   SHAKSPEREAN 

GLOSSARIES. 

'*  The  verb  balk  is  one  of  the  great  difficalties  of  Shak- 
spearian  critics  ;  [it  has]  puzzled  the  editors  [and]  per- 
plexed the  commentators.'* — Ed.  Rev,  No.  265.  p.  109. 

I  leave  the  reviewer  a  while,  to  introduce  a 
new  glossarist  on  Shakspere.  Censured  as  devoid 
of  tact  in  the  choice  of  authorities^  it  behoves  me 
to  prove  his  claims  to  that  mark  of  distinction. 
He  was  bom  soon  after  the  memorable  year  1623; 
became  a  master  of  arts,  a  master  of  a  public 
school,  a  master  of  many  languages,  and  the 
worthy  friend  of  an  admired  poet — who  bears 
witness  to  his  accomplishments.  I  could  wish 
to  repeat  the  verses  entire,  but  the  portion  which 
follows  may  suffice.  It  refers  to  a  translation  of 
the  Cynegdicon  of  Gratius,  1654 : — 

"  ThuB  would  I  farther  yet  engage 
Your  gentle  muse  to  court  the  age 
With  somewhat  of  your  proper  rage, 

Since  none  does  more  to  Phoebus  owe. 
Or  in  more  languages  can  show 
Those  arts  which  yon  so  early  know.'' 

The  animated  triplets  of  Edmund  Waller 
must  be  accepted  as  my  apology  for  certain  pro- 
•aic  scraps  which  it  is  essentuai  on  this  occasion 
to  transcribe.  Instruction  is  my  object — bo  the 
master  of  arts  shall  make  his  entrance : — 

**  The  ancients  did  formerly  set  np  feathers  on  a  line  in 
their  hunting  to  frav  the  beasts. 

**  We  know  that  if  one  set  up  a  piece  of  white  paper, 
it  will  make  the  deer  blanch,  and  btuA  that  way." — Chris- 
topher Wase,  1654. 

**  To  balk  (or  make  a  balk,)  Imporco,  lito  are.  Aratro 
sublato  pneterire  (or  leave  unanswered.)  Omitto  ere,  de- 
cline are.  intactum  relinquo.    Sicco  pede  prstereo. 

**  Imporco,  are.  To  make  balks  in  the  earth,  Litare. 
To  make  ridges,  Omitto,  ere.  To  cease  or  let  pass. 
Decline,  are.  To  decline,  esckew,  avoid,  or  turn  away 
from,    Intactum  relinquo,  /  leave  untouched^* 

A  reference  to  the  quotation  prefixed  to  this 
note  will  serve  to  estabush  the  importance  of  the 
above  extracts,  without  one  word  of  comment. 

The  first  and  second  of  our  paragraphs  are 
copied  from  the  illustrations  given  by  Wase  in 
his  own  metrical  version  of  Gratius.  The  others 
are  from  his  Dictionarium  MintiSf  1662.  4°.  He 
was  then  M.A.  and  master  of  the  Free-School 
in  Tunbridge. 

I  adhere  to  an  opinion,  formed  some  years  since, 
that  many  deviations  from  the  text  of  Shakspere 
BS  printed  in  1623,  and  adopted  by  editors  of  note 


as  emendaiionSf  would  sooner  or  later  be  called  in 
question,  and  be  denounced  as  falsifieaUons,  In 
me  Taming  of  the  shrew,  act  1.  scene  1.  we  haye 
two  instances  of  over- bold  emendation  within 
the  space  of  three  lines :  ethics  has  been  substi- 
tuted for  checks,  and  talk  for  halk.  With  regard 
to  talk,  which  has  flourished  one  hundred  and 
sixiy  years,  and  is  the  very  reverse  of  the  sense 
intended,  I  mav  safely,  on  the  evidence  above 
produced,  considfer  its  career  as  terminated.  On 
ethic^y  I  shall  not  express  myself  so  decidedly — for 
the  influence  of  eminent  names  may  never  cease.  It 
was  suggested  by  sir  William  Blackstone  in  1780; 
rejected  by  Malone  in  1790,  and  adopted  by  Mr. 
Dyce  in  1857  and  1864.  I  shall  ^ve  my  opinioD 
honestly,  but  reluctantly.  I  consider  ethia  to  be 
quite  at  variance  with  tne  context,  and  an  injury 
to  the  syllabic  measure  and  just  melody  of  the 
primitive  line.  Bolton  Cobkbt. 

Barnes,  S.W.  16  Oct. 

The  Fiest  Railway  Tuce  Table. — ^The  ac- 
companying cutting  from  the  Newcastie  CArofudir 
for  Monday,  Oct.  11,  1869,  is  a  fly  worthy  rf 
being  enshrined  in  the  amber  of  "  N.  &  Q.*' 

PaUion.  JOHNSON  BaILT. 


(t 


THE  FIBST  BAILWAY  TIME  TABLE. 


**  On  the  10th  of  October,  1825,  now  Torty-foor  years 
ago,  passenger  traffic  by  railway  began ;  and  the  first 
time-table  was  shortly  afterwards  issued,  viz  :  — 

*  STOCKTON  AND  DARLINOTON  RAILWAT. 

*  The  Company*8  Coach  called  the  Experimaiit,  which 
commenced  travelling  on  Monday,  tlie  10th  of  October^ 
1825,  will  continue  to  run  from  Darlington  to  Stockton, 
and  from  Stockton  to  Darlington,  every  day  (Sundays  ex- 
cepted), setting  off  fh>m  the  Depdt  at  each  place,  at  tiie 
times  roedfied  as  under  (viz.)  »— > 

*  On  Monday,  from  Stockton  at  half-pftst  7  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  will  reach  Darlington  about  half-paat  9.  The 
coach  will  set  off  from  the  latter  place  on  its  return  at 
8  in  the  aftemo<m,  and  reach  Stockton  about  6. 

*  Tuesday,  fh>m  Stockton  at  8  in  the  afternoon,  and  will 
reach  Darlington  about  5. 

<0n  the  following  days,  viz.  Wednesday,  Tfaonday, 
and  Friday,  from  Darlington  at  half-paat  7  in  tbe  morn- 
ing, and  will  reach  Stockton  about  half-past  9.  The 
coach  will  set  off  firom  the  latter  place  on  its  return  at  8 
in  the  afternoon,  and  reach  Darlii^on  about  6. 

'ISaturdav,  from  Darlington  at  1  in  the  afternoon,  and 
will  reach  Stockton  about  8. 

*  Passengers  to  pay  1«.  each,  and  will  be  allowed  a  pack- 
age of  not  exceeding  141b.  All  above  that  weight  to  par 
at  the  rate  of  2d.  per  stone  extra.  Carriage  of  small  parcels 
Sd.  each.  The  company  will  not  be  accountable  for 
parcels  of  above  51.  value,  unless  paid  for  as  such. 

*  Mr.  Richard  Pickersgill  at  his  office  in  Commercial 
Street,  Darlington,  and  Mr.  TuUy  at  Stockton,  will  for 
the  present  receive  parcels  and  book  passengers.'  " 

GLASs-PAiKTisre.  —  It  is  well  known,  and  very 
generally  admitted,  that  modem  attempts  at  glass- 

Eainting  are  ver^  inferior  to  ancient,  ^  There  is, 
owever,  to  my  inexperienced  non-artistic  mind^ 
a  very  easy  remedy,  which  is  self-recommenda- 
tory— viz.  the  insertion  between  two  plates  or 


4»>»S.1V.  Oct.  23, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


333 


layers  of  gla=?8  of  a  well-painted  subject  on  a 
suitable  medium.  I  may  be  altogether  wrong  in 
my  notions,  or  they  may  have  been  already  sug- 
gested in  your  columns  or  elsewhere  and  acted 
upon.  However  this  may  be,  as  I  am  about  to 
add  to  uiy  little  marine  cottage  here,  I  shall  cer- 
tainly try  my  '*  prentice  hand "  on  an  heraldic 
window  for  my  new  entrance  hall,  unless  timely 
prevented  by  the  protest  against  absolute  failure 
of  some  intelligent  correspondent.  I  presume  my 
method  of  manipulating  a  (so-called)  painted 
window,  if  not  prevented,  will  be  aye-enduring, 
as — if  I  be  not  mistaken — decay  is  only  the  result 
of  exposure  to  atmospheric  influence. 

R.  W.  Dixon. 

Seaton-Ca^e^v,  co.  Durham. 

Rfanolds's  Portrait  of  Lady  Sunderlin. — 
In  H.  Crabb  Robinson's  Diary,  under  the  date  of 
Dec.  1.*^,  1831,  he  describes  a  visit  to  Mr.  Rooper, 
*'a  nephew  of  Malone,"  in  Brunswick  Square, 
Brijrhton,  and  the  pictures  by  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds which  he  saw  there :  among  them  that  of 
Dr.  Johnson  reading  as  a  short-sighted  man ;  one 
of  Sir  Joshua  himself;  and  '^a  full-length  of  the 
Countess  of  Suthej^hnd,  a  tine  figure  and  a  pretty 
face."  This  last  is  a  misnomer  for  Lady  Sun- 
derlin. Richard  Malone,  Esq.,  created  Lord  Sun- 
derlin in  1785,  married  in  1778  Philippa,  eldest 
daughter  of  Godolphin  Rooper,  of  Great  Berk- 
ham  pstead,  Esq. ;  and  she  is  the  lady  represented 
in  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's  picture.  By  **  Malone," 
Mr.  Crabb  Robinson  meant,  no  doubt,  Edmond 
Malone,  the  commentator  on  Shakespeare ;  and 
Mr.  Rooper,  as  I  take  it,  was  no  nephew  of  his, 
but  only  a  nephew  of  Lady  Sunderlin,  his  brother's 
wife.  J.  G.  N. 

Monumental  Inscriptions  from  Leyden.— It 
appears  from  an  interesting  paper  printed  in  the 
July  number  of  the  Ncno  England  Historical  and 
Genealogical  Register ^  from  the  pen  of  Dr.  Henry 
M.  Dexter,  that  in  making  certain  alterations  in  a 
building  which  was  once  the  Scottish  Church  at 
Leyden,  but  is  now  a  part  of  the  library  of  the 
university,  five  sepulchral  slabs  have  been  found 
marking  the  resting-places  of  Scotchmen,  Eng- 
lishmen, and  an  American.  1  transcribe  the  in- 
scriptions from  the  above  work.  Dr.  Dexter  was 
indebted  for  them  to  Mr.  C.  A.  Emeis,  second 
custos  of  the  Bibliothek :  — 

1.  Hie  iacet  Jacobus  I^udoniie  comes,  Scotus.  In  hoc 
Sepulchro,  fibi,  suisque,  proprio. 

2.  Here  lieth  buried  Edward  Paige,  onely  son  of  Nicho- 
las and  Anna  Pai^e,  born  at  Boston  in  New  England, 
Feb.  20,  1G22  ;  die<i  at  Leyden,  Nov.  1,  1680,  N.S. 

3.  Diis  j;rave  belongs  to  M'  Henry  Hickman  and  his 
family,  An.  IG/^o. 

4.  Here  Iveth  the  body  of  M""  John  Lloyd  of  London, 
merchant,  who  departed  this  life  at  Leyden  the  4*  day 
of  September,  O.S.  anno  dom.  1736,  in  the  42  year  of 
his  affe. 

5.  Pell  Allen,  cximi4   spe  adoleacens  Anglos;   fiUna 


Thomte  Allen,  Mercatoris  Lennensis.  Salutem  querena 
Sepulchrum  invenit,  July  xv.  Comp.  Jul.  ad  mdccxzxvi. 
aetat.  xxiij. 

6.  Alexander  Stuartus,  Scotus,  obiit  a.  d.  m.dccxzzix. 
statis  xix. 

The  stone  first  on  the  list  commemorates  James, 
second  Earl  of  Loudoun,  eldest  son  of  William 
Earl  of  Loudoun  by  his  wife  Margaret  Campbell, 
Baroness  Loudoun  in  her  own  right.  James,  the 
second  earl,  like  his  father,  was  a  Puritan,  and  in 
consequence  thereof  an  exile  from  his  country. 
He  died  in  1684.  His  wife  was  Lady  Margaret 
Montgomery,  second  daughter  of  Hugh  seventh 
Earl  of  Eglinton.  (Douglas.  Peerage  of  Scotland, 
ed.  1818,  ii.  149.)  A.  0.  V.  P. 

Wig.  —As  by  aphoeresis  van  comes  from  caravan 
bus  from  omnibus^  so  wig  comes  from  periimgf  the 
original  English  form  of  the  word  corresponding  to 
perrttque,  FT.fparrticca,  It ypehicaj  Sp.  But  whence 
come  these  words  ?  Etymologists  give  us  no  in- 
formation, anil  yet,  as  is  so  often  the  case,  the 
etymon  was  before  their  eyes ;  for  when  we  recol- 
lect that  the  liquids,  /,  «,  r  are  commutable,  we 
see  at  once  that  they  all  come  from  the  Greek 
term  miyiKyj,  But  where  did  this  come  from  P  I 
think  it  may  be  Egyptian,  for  in  Egypt  we  know 
all  the  men  wore  wigs;  or  it  may  perhaps  be 
Persian,  as  I  believe  the  Persians  also  wore  wigs ; 
but  I  may  be  in  error,  as  I  can  only  recollect 
their  fine  curled  beards. 

We  use  the  term  wigging  for  a  scolding,  a 
dressing,  and  curious  enough,  one  of  the  senses  of 
the  Spanish  peluca  is  *'a  very  severe  reproof." 
Perhaps  the  reason  is  that  such  was  usually  ad- 
ministered by  fathers,  uncles,  and  other  elderly 
personages  who  wore  wigs.     Thos.  Eeightlbt. 


A  MINOR  BYRON  MYSTERY. 

I  think  it  very  likely  that  you  are  indisposed  to 
open  the  columns  of  ''N.  &  Q.''  to  the  greater 
'*  Byi-on  Mystery "  which  is  involved  in  Mrs. 
Beecher  Stowe^s  remarkable  ''revelation."  But 
there  is  a  minor  and  much  less  important  diffi- 
culty which  has  been  raised  in  my  own  mind 
during  the  general  discussion,  and  which  I  am 
unable  satisfactorily  to  solve,  but  which  per- 
haps some  of  your  readers  can  unravel.  It  la 
this :  When  Byron  left  England  after  the  separa- 
tion from  his  wife,  he  settled  in  the  neighoour- 
hood  of  Geneva.  His  intimates  were— I  am 
following  the  Saturday  Reviewer's  quotation  from 
Byron  himself — the  Shelley  household.  This 
household,  according  to  Moore  {Life  and  Wark$^ 
vol.  XV.  p.  73,  foot-note),  consisted  of  "  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Shelley.  Miss  Clermont^  and  Master  Shel- 
ley."   How  this  household  was  connected  with  the 


334 


NOTES  AKD  QUERIES. 


[4''8.IV.  OoT.as.'A 


pBi«Dts)re  of  Allegro,  Bjron'a  Dftlural  dnughter, 
titeSatunhy  Sen'mcitr 'pleiaij  intiinsUB.  But  this. 
IB  Dot  mj  difficult;.  Who  was  this  Miu  Cler- 
mont F  Byron,  in  the  Obiervatiutit  upon  on  ATiicle 
m  BlackwotxTi  Magaane,  the  famouB  suppreBsed 
pamphlet,  jefuting  a  chiirge  of  "  promiBCUOUS 
jntercourae"  and  "incest"  connected  wit'i  this 
incident,  tells  ue :  "  The  ladiea,"  i.  e.  Mrs.  Shelle; 
(then  Misa  Miuy  Godwin)  and  Miss  Clermont 
"  were  noi  sistera,  nor  in  any  degree  connected, 
except  by  the  second  marriage  of  their  reBpective 
puenta,  a  widower  with  a  widow,  both  being  the 
offflpring  of  former  marriages."  Which  meana,  1 
Buppose,thatold  William  Godwin,  after  thedeath  of 
his  iirBt  wife,  Mnry  Wolatoncroft^  married  a  widow, 
one  Mrs.  Clermont,  with  one  daughter,  Jane  Cler- 
mont. This  Jane  Clermont  was  the  companion 
of  Maiy  Godwin  in  her  elopement  with  Shelley 
during  the  life  of  hia  wife  Harriet  Westbroolie. 
(Hemoir  in  Galignani's  edition  of  Shelley,  1820), 
And  this  Jane  Clermont  was  still  domesticated 
with  the  Shelley  household  during  Byron's  in- 
timacy in  1810 — the  year  of  his  separation  from 
Lady  Byron.  Thus  far  all  seems  Co  be  clear: 
Miss  Jane  Clermont  was  Godwin's  step-daughter, 
tbe  daughter  of  a  deceased  Mr.  Clermont.  But 
Gennont  is  not  a  common  name;  indeed  it  is  a 
very  uncommon  one.  What,  then,  is  my  surprise 
to  find  this  very  name,  CloTnont,  turning  up  in 
another  and  Tsry  opposite  direction,  and  vet 
strangely  connected  with  Byron  P    Eveiybody  has 

heard  of  the    "Mrs.   C "    connected   with 

Byron's    married    life.      Mrs.   C was   J^ady 

Byron's  confidential  friend — her  governess  and 
eoiifiiltoite^haT  adviser  and  counsellor;  and  it 
was  to  the  inSuenCB  and  advice,  and,  as  he  said, 

to  the  malign  interference  of  this  Mrs.  C ,  that 

Byron  thought  proper  to  attribute  the  misery  of 

hie  married  life.     "Mrs.C "  is  the  subject  of 

Byron's  famous,  or  infamous,  vituperotioa : — 

"Bam  ID  the  garret,  in  [bekiCchea  bred,"  tc.  i 

Writmg  in  1830,  the  late  Thomas  Campbell, 
editor  of  the  JVeto  Mtmihly  Mayastnt,  gave  "  Mrs.  I 

C 's  "  name  in  full  as  Mrs.  Clermont.   Follow-  I 

ing  Campbell,  tbe    Quarterly  Befiew  just  pub-  , 

listed  speaks   of  Mrs.   C as  Mrs.  Ckrmonl.  I 

If  Campbell  was  right,  here  is  a  most  wonderful  i 
cointidencc.  Godwin's  second  wife,  the  mother  of 
Miss  Jane  Clermont,  who  certainly  was  the  mother  I 
of  Allegra,  bears  the  same  name  as  Ladv  Byron's 
"imaginary  spy."  Is  it  conceivable  that  these 
two  persons  were  both  named  "  Clermont "  P  If 
they  were,  was  there  any  connexion  between 
them  P    Or  did  not  Thomas  Campbell,  after  his 

manner,  blunder   about  "Mra.   C 's"  name?  , 

and  was  not  her  name  "Charlemont "?  as  I  find  , 
it  written  not  only  by  Moore,  but  by  the  editor 
of  a  collection  of  documents  just  published  by 
Mr.  Hotten.     My  query  is,  what  was  the  real 


name  of  "  Mm.  C 

friend  P 

Was  Mrs.  C 'i 

or  Charlemont  P  for  i 


"  I^dy  Byron'a  confidential 

lame  Clermont,  Claremon^ 
1 1  find  it  vanoualy  spelled. 


Was  Ahicia,  Daitohter  of  Hugh  Ctvelim^ 
Eabl  of  Chestbr,  an  ABCEStRBsa  of  Cuakles 
ILK — Sir  T.  Moinwaring,  in  the  tract  which  wound 
up  thecuriousand  intereBtiog  controversy  between 
himself  and  Sic  Peter  I>ycester  as  to  the  legiti- 
macy of  the  above  lady,  but  which  was  publiuied 
after  his  opponent's  death  {Th«  Legitimacy  of 
Amicia  clearly  proceil,  Lond.  1U7&,  amall  Svo), 
observes : — 

"I  ronaiilcr'd  thai  I  bad  the  faanonr  Co  b«her(Anitda*>} 
Heir  Male,  and  thiC  not  oa\j  moat  of  the  greaC  (uniUcS 
in  KnKland,  but  alao,  Abiit  vrrba  Uvidia,  our  molt  gra- 
:  cious  Sovereign  and  miny  otber  greac  Kia^  and  Queeiia 
did  come  out  of  ber  Loina." 

Sir  Thomas  does  not,  in  accordance  with  hia 
usual  custom,  go  into  particulars,  nor  does  he 
refer  diatinctly  to  the  link  which  cunoected 
Amicia  with  royalty,  nor  does  he  elsewhere  men- 
tion the  circumstance.  Sir  I'eler  Leyceater, 
neither  in  his  Uirioricui  Antiqaitki  nor  in  any  of 
.  bis  tracts  in  the  controversy,  has  any  alluuoa  or 
refereneo  to  this  descent,  and  Ur.  Urmerod  «lao 
I  ignores  it.  I  should  be  glad  to  learn  from  anj 
of  your  correspondents  learned  in  royal  genealogy, 
through  what  channel  King  Charles's  connection 
I  with  Amicia  would  be  derived.  Her  dau^ht«t 
Dertrcd  married  Henry  de  Alditelegh  or  Audley, 
great-grandfather  to  the  famous  Lord  Jamea 
Audley,  of  whom  and  his  four  esquirea  Fnuaatrt 
gives  so  charming  a  picture ;  but  I  cannot  tncv 
any  descent  through  that  medium,  nor  do  I  IM 
any  other  member  of  the  family  derived  from 
herself  and  her  husband,  Ralph  Mainwariag, 
Judge  of  Chester,  who  appears  likely  to  afi'om 
the  necessary  link  of  connection.  Sir  Thomaa'a 
statement  is,  however,  distinct  and  poutive,  and 
he  would  hardly  have  made  it  except  on  aatia- 
factory  grounds.  P.  C.  S. 

BAcciuusETfi. — On  what  ground  has  thutena, 
meaning,  I  suppose,  laurel  berry,  come  to  he  ap- 
plied to  those  who  have  taken  the  first  degne  in 
any  of  the  faculties  at  our  nnivettitiesP 

Edhdiid  Tiw,  U.A. 

Becker  (Fridricus  Cristofferus.) — I  hsTS  a 
well-eiecuted  oval  medallion  in  ivory,  exhibiting 
the  head  of  a  learned-looking  personage,  ia 
Sowing  wig,  carved  in  the  flat  relief  charactAiistie 
of  the  German  artists  towards  the  middle  of  laat 
century.  It  is  surmounted  by  the  name  with 
which  I  have  headed  this  query,  "statia  34"; 
beneath  it  are  the  initials  of  the  artist,  which 
appear  to  be  "I.  M.  C.  F."  Now  I  know  of 
Daniel,  the  surgeon;  I'hii^,  tbe  eugraTar;  and 


4*3.  IV.  Oct.  23, -eg.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


335 


-,  of  the  "  Monde  EnchonttS " ;  but  have 


ir  heard  of  Frederick. 


Box.— Whnt  is  the  m. 
followinjr  linea  of  Di'jdo 


Fox,"  "40?— 


Who 

William  Bites. 

ininjr  of  "  box"  in  the 
,  "  The  Cock  aad  the 


ravf^l  stid  mail 


It  is  not  noted  i: 
any  editor. 

"  »Tild  fcel  obb'ff 


tv  chased  tb«  murderous  fox, 
id' inflated  box." 
a  of  any  similar  use  of  the  word. 
I  any  dictionary,  or  expltuned  by 
J.  II.  C. 
Topographical  Nakbs. — I 
to  any  readers  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
who  would  kimlly  take  the  trouble  to  give  me 
inforniHtion  as  to  the  meaning  of  this  word.  It 
is  found  in  the  name  of  a  place  in  Suaaejt,  not  far 
from  I'evensey,  called  Cnimble  Bridge;  and  in 
the  same  neighbourhood  is  "  the  lagoon  called  | 
Crumhle  Pmiil,  southward  of  Langney  manor  i 
house."  In  Lancashire  are  the  two  hamlets  of 
Great  Crumbles  and  Little  Crumbles  (Clarke's 
Gaietffcr  of  the  county,  1830),  which  are  other- 
wise called  Great  and  Little  CrimbleB,  and 
Crimble,  and  there  is  also  the  name  Cromble- 
holme.  In  the  first-mentioned  county— Sussex —  ' 
I  have  met  with  the  name  of  Ricardus  de  Crom- 
hal,  in  the  thirteenth  or  fourteenth  century,  but  i 
have  no  evidence  of  a  connexion  between  this 
name  and  Crumble,  though  it  appears  possible. 
With  regard  to  the  name  of  Cromhal  in  Glouces- 
tershire, I  can  only  find  that  it  is  "of  uncertdn 
origin."  What  conjectures  have  been  made  re- 
gnrding  it  ?  and  what  evidence  or  arguments  are 
there  in  support  of  them  ?  JoHH  W.  Bohe. 

Caledosian  Forests. — Did  such  ever  exist  ? 
It  is  believed  so,  and  tourists  have  a  notion  that 
those  pine  and  larch  woods  they  see  in  the  Hig:h' 
lands,  and  also  in  the  south  of  Scotland,  are  at 
least  the  children  of  said  forests.  Hill  Burton 
believes  in  them  too,  although  rather  sceptical  of 
the  Druids ;  and  most  of  our  county  histories  be- 
lieve in  the  former  well-wooded  state  of  Scotland. 
Cosmo  Innes,  one  of  the  first  of  Scotch  antiqua- 
ries, I  suppose,  denies  their  existence  in  toto,  how- 
ever (Early  Scotch  Hidory,  101),  and  I  have  aevor 
seen  his  denial  proven  wrong.  Besides,  he  gives 
much  positive  proof  in  the  same  volume  of  tiie  first 
planijng  of  some  of  the  northern  slopes,  now 
famous  for  their  dark  and  shaggy  woods.  Hill 
Burton  refers  to  Major  as  his  authority,  but  Major 
is  as  trustworthy  on  that  point  as  Buchanan  is  on 
his  long  roll  of  kings.  I  have  always  myself 
been  of  the  opinion  that  they  are  mythical,  like 
much  else  Ossianic  and  Celtic,  and  shall  be  glad 
if  some  of  your  readers  can  refer  to  positive  proof, 
geological  or  historical,  of  their  existence,  or  of 
the  existence  of  woods  generally  in  Scotland  P 

A.  Falcohir, 

West  Herrington. 


Sib  THOHia  FLntSB.  ~  I  obtained  a  broad- 
.  side  a  few  days  ago  giving  an  account  of  the 
I  "  barbarous  Murther  of  Sir  Thomas  Flimer,"  or 
!  Flymer,  for  it  is  spelt  both  ways,  who  lived  at 
Wickham,  in  Cambridgeshire,  was  a  knight  and 
baronet,  and  had  a  large  family  apparently.  A 
reward  of  OOf.  is  offered  by  his  brother,  Sir 
Edward  Flimer,  who  was  living  at  Stratford,  • 
mile  beyond  Bow.  I  have  examined  all  tho 
histories  I  could  find,  and  Burke's  Ertinct 
3aronetcie$,  for  an  account  of  this  family,  but  have 
not  succeeded  in  getting  any  information  on  the 
subject.  The  date  of  the  broadside,  I  believe,  ii 
about  IQ90.  Could  any  of  your  correspondenta 
enllghUn  me  at  all  P  John  K  Fostxb. 

GoLBs,  A  Tbkh  ih  SwBABisa. — Whence  de- 
rived?— 

"  Z-k™.- Why  then,  by  GolM !  I  will  tell  yon.  I 
hat«  you,  and  I  can't  abide  voa."— Fleldiog,  An  OU 
Man  taught  Wiidom,  1734. 

W.  P. 


R  Lahottb.— Is  anythmg 


Colonel  Lakotiib,  c 
known  of  the  early  history  of  this  s 
dividual,  who,  in  1830,  during  the  re.u.u,..,,^,  » 
said  to  have  taken  the  town  of  Mons  single- 
handed  from  the  Dutch  P  The  facts  of  the  anec- 
dote—authentic or  otherwise- are  these,  finding 
himself  unsupported  by  the  followers  he  had  ra- 
iled on,  he  walked  boldly  up -to  the  officer  ia 
command,  announced  the  arrival  of  S  body  of 
French  troops,  and  demanded  the  instant  evacua- 
tion of  the  town  and  garrisoiL  In  an  hour's  time 
not  a  single  Dutch  soldier  remained  within  tho 
cit^.  For  many  years  previous  to  his  death, 
wluch  occurred  in  1804,  he  was  well  known  to  all 
the  frequenters  of  the  Boulevard  des  ItalieUf, 
where  daily  he  used  to  parade  his  wngular  ooa- 
tume,  a  kind  of  fancy  uniform,  half  Belgian,  half 
imaginary,  ^th  a  wooden  sword  (which,  by  the 
way,  was  never  taken  out  of  Its  sheath)  by  hia 

What  I  want  to  know  is,  in  the  first  place, 
where  he  was  bom,  and  whether  be  was  a  Wal- 
loon ;  and  also  if  his  history  previous  to  the  revo 
lutdon  of  1830  is  known  P  H.  W.  B. 

Thb  Wobd  "  Mbtbofolis." — It  has  been  Uie 
fashion  of  lata  to  call  London  the  "  Uetropolii," 
as  if  the  capital  city  and  the  Metropolis  wero 
convertible  terms.  Th*  Timet  has  even  been  H 
absurd  as  to  style  the  Bishopric  of  London  ths 
Metropolitan  See.  As  this  error  has  been  adapted 
in  ranous  Acts  of  Parliament  afiecting  London,  it 
will  now  probably  be  perpetual ;  and  it  becomes 
interesting  to  inquire  what  writer  and  what  Aet 
of  Parliament  first  used  the  word  "Metropolii" 
in  this  sense.  Can  any  of  your  readers  tell  me  F 
Tbvabi, 


336 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»«  S.  IV.  Oct.  28,  ^ 


MoRTDTBR,  Earls  of  March. — Edmund,  fifth 
earl^  died  1424,  s.  p.,  and  our  peerages  report 
that  the  title  then  expired;  but  at  that  time 
the  earl's  uncle,  Sir  John  Mortimer,  the  third  son 
of  Edmund  third  carl,  was  still  living.  Can  any 
one  obligingly  state  why  he  is  not  recorded  as 
successor  to  the  hereditary  title  P 

Sir  John  survived  till  1427-8,  and  it  will  be 
remarked  that  he  was  the  John  Mortimer  whom 
Jack  Cade  represented  in  the  Kentish  outbreak 
twenty  years  later.  A.  H. 

Quotations  wanted. — 

**  That  land  eternally  shall  bloom, 

Grief  from  that  cloudless  cUmc  be  driven, 
Immortal  rests  that  blissful  home  — 
That  land,  that  clime,  that  home  is  heaven.'* 

It  reads  a  little  like  3Irs.  Ilemans.     C.  A.  W. 

**  The  sacred  tapers'  lights  are  gone ; 
Gray  moss  has  clad  the  altar  stone ; 
The  holy  image  is  o'erthrown ; 
The  bell  has  ceased  to  toll." 

Wamba. 

**  Age  is  the  heaviest  burden  man  can  bear. 
Compound  of  disappointment,  pain,  and  care ; 
For  when  the  mind's  experience  comes  at  length. 
It  comes  to  mourn  the  body's  loss  of  strength. 
Resigned  to  ignorance  all  oar  better  days, 
Knowledge  just  ripens  when  the  man  decays  ; 
One  ray  of  ught  the  closing  eye  receives, 
And  wisdom  only  takes  what  folly  leaves." 

H.  W.  R. 

Snib  (sneb)  the  Door. — Dean  Kamsay,  in  his 
deUghtful  HeminiscenceSj  ^*c.  p.  124,  uiK)rms  us 
that  in  Inverary  society  *'  sneck  the  door  "  is  held 
to  be  pure  Scottish,  ^'  snib  the  door  "  vulgar. 

Jamieson  allows  either  idiom.     Snib  belongs  to 

the  family  sneap  (miape),  snub ;  in  fact  is  the  earlier 

spelling  of  the  latter  word,  e.  g.  "  I  have  my  sone 

gnibbed."  (Chau.  Cant,   Tales,  11000.)     Snib,  a 

substantive,  I  find   in  ^^Kose  Helenore/'    312^ 

p.  146,  ed.  1866  :— 

**  Sic  snibs  ai  that  may  sair  to  let  us  sec 
That  'tis  far  better  to  be  loose  and  free." 

The  inlying  notion  is  '^  cheek.'' 

Now  for  a  (juery.  I  am  a  Westridinger,  and 
was  once  familiar  with  "  sfieck  the  door."  A  lady, 
herself  also  bom  in  the  same  riding,  tu  whom  I 
lately  read  Dean  Kamsay  s  anecdote,  told  me  that 
*'  sneb  (not  snib)  the  door "  was  in  vogue  in  her 
natlTe  village  as  well  as  *'  sncck  the  door."  Not 
finding  notice  of  the  former  expression  in  any 
northern  glossary  which  I  possess,  nor  in  Ilalli- 
well's  Dictionary,  I  shaU  be  obliged  to  such  as 
wiU  give  further  illustration. 

ChAELES  TniEIOLD. 
Cambridge. 

Steer. — "What  is  a  steer  of  wood?  A  friend 
quoted  it  to  me  as  from  an  Act  of  Parliament,  but 
we  cannot  find  it  in  the  dictionaries. 

C.  W.  Bingham. 


The  Clock  op  Old  St.  Patjl's.— The  foUowing 
curious  story  has  recently  been  contributed  to  The 
Builder : — 

**  Befoi-e  the  time  of  (he  present  St.  Paul's,  and  as  long 
ago  as  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  there  is  on  record  a  welP 
attested  story  of  a  young  girl,  who,  going  to  confess,  was 
importuned  by  the  monk  then  on  bis  turn  there  for  the 
purpose  of  confession  in  the  building ;  and,  quickly  es- 
caping from  him  up  the  stairs  of  the^rreat  Clock  Tower, 
raised  the  clapper  ur  hammer  of  the  bell  of  the  dock  just 
as  it  had  finished  striking  twelve,  and  by  means  of  the 
roof  eluded  her  assailant  and  got  away. 

**  On  accusing  liim  as  soon  as  she  reached  her  fHends 
and  home,  she  called  attention  to  the  fact  of  the^  clock 
having  struck  thirteen  that  time ;  and  on  those  in  the 
immediate  neighbourhood  of  the  Cathedral  being  asked 
if  so  unusual  a  thing  had  been  heard,  thev  said  it  was  so. 

**  This  proved  the  story,  and  the  ecdesiastie  was  de- 
graded.—J.  N." 

As  one  interested  in  church  bells  and  clodcB. 
my  query  is :  Where  is  this  *'  well-attested  story* 
recorded  ?  Thomas  Wacbsbt. 

Golden  Square. 

Treaty  of  Limebick.  —  Is  the  manuscript 
Treaty  of  Limerick  in  existence^  and  in  whose 
possession  ?  J.  A.  B. 

Van  Valkenburgh.  —  I  shall  be  obliged  bj 
any  information  (addressed  to  me  direct)  relating 
to  a  family  of  this  name,  some  of  which  came 
over  from  Holland  and  settled  on  the  Levels  of 
Hatfield,  Yorkshire,  being  concerned  in  the  draiik- 
Afi^e  of  that  district  tetnp.  Charles  L  One  of  theniy 
Matthew  Van  Valkenburgh,  was  created  a  baronet 
in  1642 ;  he  died  in  1(M4,  leaving  a  son,  Sir  John 
Anthony  Van  Valkenburgh,  said  in  Burke's  -E»- 
tinct  Baronetides,  1838,  to  have  been  aged  twenty- 
one  in  16(34.  I  am  aware  of  what  is  contained  in 
Hunter's  South  Yorkshire  upon  the  subject. 

Charles  JAConoir. 

Doncaster. 

Arms  of  Walbance. — ^These  arms  are  onutted 
both  by  Berry  and  Burke,    What  are  they  P 

CSSABEBNSIB. 


Yazhj-Kaia. — M.  Lajard,  in  hvA  RecherchM 
le  Culle  de  Venus,  gives  a  representation  of  a  re- 
ligious emblem  (plate  xxiio^  which  he  brieflj 
states  is  carved  on  the  rock  of  Yazili-Efua.  In 
what  part  of  Asia,  or  of  the  world,  is  this  P 

P.O. 

<Siutnti  toitf)  ^nfffaatvi. 

"  TouJOURS  Perdrix." — What  was  the  deri?*- 
tion  of  a  saying  which  I  see  in  italics  in  eveiy 
novel  and  newspaper  in  England,  '^  toujours  per- 
drix ''  ?  As  tho  words  employed  belong  to  the 
French  language,  and  appear  to  be  used  in  aooie 
proverbial  sense,  I  trust  you  will^  excuse  my  Mk-* 
mg  you  again  to  explain  to  me  its  meaning  and 
on^,  and  also  why  the  saying  is  used  in  Fmch : 


4"^  3.  IV.  Oct.  23,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[We  do  not  know  whether  \ro  hav«  been  more  snrpiiied 
hy  teceirlng  this  query  Trom  a  French  scholar,  or  bv  tbe 
r*ct  thst  tlie  proverb  is  not  to  be  roand  in  Le  Ranx  de 
Liney's  Lnire  da  Prmerba  fnuipiit ;  Quitsrd's  Dietion- 
tutire  et^mologique,  historique,  anecdotique  des  Proutrbn 
tt  des  Locatioat  procerbiatea  dt  ht  Ltmgut  Jhinpahct  01 
in  any  one  of  the  mauj- likely  books  fo  which  wehsvo  re- 
ferred. Many  years  ago  v/e  road  tbe  stoiy  on  which  it  is 
founded  in  EngUeh.  We  think  it  is  Walpole  who  tells 
it.  The  confossor  of  ooe  of  the  French  kings  having  re- 
proved his  sovereijpi  foi  his  coDJagol  infldelities,  iru  a 
short  time  afterwards  asked  by  him:  "What  dish  beloved 
best  7  "  "  Partriilges,  year  M^esty."  Ite  was  soon  after 
pat  under  arrest ;  and  day  sRct  day  cante  partridges  and 
p.irtridges,  and  nothing  but  partridges  fur  his  meab ; 
till  the  poor  ee^-lesia^tlc  loittheil  the  very  si{;ht  of  ihem : 
and  when  after  a  while  tlie  king  visited  him,  and  ez' 
pressed  a  hope  that  he  was  properly  treated  and  fed,  he 
complained  that  be  was  allowed  nothing  but  partridges, 
"  llut,"  said  the  king,  "  you  like  partridges  better  ttian 
anything  else."  And  when  ho  complained :  "  Hais  Con- 
jours  perdriK  t "  the  king  c^cplained  that  he  was  devoted 
to  his  qaceu,  "Mi^is  tDiyours  perdrii  I  "] 

Dr.  William  Lewdj,  D.C.L. — Who  was  this 
Dr.  WilliAm  Lewis,  who  petitioned  the  king  io 
May  1660  to  be  restored  to  tlie  place  of  Master  of 
Requests,  and  pleaded  that  he  had  been  Judge 
Marshal  of  tho  late  king's  northern  expedition? 
How  was  he  n.-lBt«d  to  Dr.  Wm.  Lewin,  LL.D., 
ttbo  died  in  1008,  and  whose  life  ia  printed  in 
Cooper's  Alhai.  Cant.  ii.  346  P  That  jurist  had 
onlj  three  sons;  1.  Sir  Justinian,  father  of  an 
only  daughter;  2.  Thomas,  died  s.p.;  3.  William, 
of  London,  died  lii^,  the  father  of  Sir  Juadiiiau, 
the  Master  in  Chancer;.  I  find  it  mentioned  in 
1653  that  Dr.  Wm.  Letvin  had  a  brother  Thomas, 
and  held  on  lease  the  mauor  of  Homiog  and  other 
lands  ia  Norfolk.  Tbwaks. 

[In  Thomas  Duffy  Hardy's  "  List  of  the  Masters  in 
Chancery  "  the  name  is  twic.^  given  as  JtatinioR  Lewen, 
imder  Che  dates  of  July  22,  1611,  and  Hay  SI,  1660. 
Wood  has  the  following  notice  of  him:  "Justinian  J 
Lewyn,  D.C.L.  June  30,  1G37,  of  Pembroke  College.  ] 
He  was  afterwards  Judge-Martial  of  the  army  under  ' 
Thomas  i;arl  of  Arundel,  in  Che  Scotob  expedition,  1BS9, 
and  after  that  one  of  the  Masters  in  Ordinary  of  the  High 
Coart  of  Chancery,  a  knight,  and  conunisMiy  and  official 
of  Norfolk.  He  was  son  of  Will.  Lewyn  of  London,  and 
nephew  to  Sir  Justinian,  mentioned  among  the  ineorpora- 
tioDB,  anno  i5e2."-—Faili,  ed.  1815,  i.  498.] 

Abthue  BARNABDiaTOM.  —  Who  was  Arthur 
Barnardiston,  one  of  the  Masters  in  Chancen, 
1656  P  I  cfin  find  no  mention  of  Mm  in  the 
Baronetages  f  Tewass. 

[Arthar  Banurdiitoa  was  the  elghtli  bob  of  Bii 
Nathaaiel  BaniaidiitaD,  trf  Katton,  in  Sablk.    B«  ■•• 


ceived  his  education  as  a  lawyer  in  the  Inner  Temple, 
London ;  was  one  of  Oliver  Cromwell's  Ha*C«rs  in  Chasr 
ceiy  (iKtweea  May  S  and  Jane  SI,  1665),  a  place  (^  gisat 
honour  and  emolument.  He  married  the  daughter  of 
Sir  Bichard  Lloyd  of  UaUam,  co.  Kottingbam,  Knt,  hf 
whom  he  had  three  sons  and  three  daiighun.  Hiaaeoond 
wifu  was  Haiy,  daughter  of  Samnel  Lnke  of  Woodand, 
CO.  Bedford.  Arthur  Bamaidistoa  waa  buried  at  Eetton 
on  Kov.  18,  IG77.  Our  authorities  for  these  notices  aM 
Mark  Koble's  "  Historical  Pedigree  of  the  Family  of 
Bamardiston,"  quoted  in  Davy'a  Suffiilk  adleotioDS, 
Addit.  MS.  la,  116,  p.  882,  and  Burke'a  Extutet  &iroHt> 
agt,  ed.  1644,  p.  41.} 

H.  W.  BnjTBUBT. — I  possess  manrof  the  cari- 
catures, or  rather  drawings,  of  Henry  W.  Bunbniy, 
OS  well  oa  Gambado's  Academy  for  grown  Uot>^ 
men.  Is  there  no  other  account  of  this  artist, 
or  list  of  his  productions,  than,  as  Mb.  Baxh 
informs  us,  in  the  i^torting  Magaaint  of  M  distant 
a  date  as  I81S — a  serial  not  often  to  be  found 
among  literary  collections.  Thereissome  alloaiaii 
to  him  in  a  recent  priyatelj  printed  Life  of  Sir 
Semy  Bunbvry,  compiled  by  tbe  present  banme^ 
which  I  lure  accidentally  seen,  but  of  a  cnnoiy 
nature.  Thomas  E.  Wmnasnar, 


[Some 


of  Henry  Wiliiam  Banbnry  is  given  In 
Ho^onM  for  Hkj,  1811 ;  In  n«  JocAqr 
Oub,  edit.  1792,  part  L  p.  160 ;  and  la  the  last  edition  of 
Qeofftry  Oaiabado,  published  by  Deui  A  Son  abOBt 
ISW.  Consalt  alio  Forster'a  £i/<  ef  OUvtr  OoOtmiA, 
edit.  1864,  ii.  172,  and  "  N.  4  Q."  2"*S.iT.  876;  »IH. 
71;  8'*S.T.  621.] 


the  town  library  of  Schaffhanfen.  The  MS.  ap- 
pears to  bare  once  belonged  to  an  Englishman, 
for  on  the  third  page  from  the  end  I  found  written 
in  bold  characters  of  about  the  sixteenth  cental^ 
the  name  "  John  Herde,  tbe  sonne  of  Anthony 
Eerde."  Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  help  me 
to  identify  the  wnterP  J.  E.  Sahdib. 

St.  Jobn'a  Colleg^  Cambridgs. 

[It  Is  very  probable  this  VS.  fbmarly  belongsd  (o 
John  Herd,  the  anthur  of  Habnia  Qmbar  Sigmu  Angli^ 
who  died  ^  IGBS,  of  whom  soma  account  wUl  be  fboad 
in  "  2f.  &  Q."  2<^  S.  xl.  196 ;  xlL  ISe ;  6'<  3.  x.  M9. 
There  Is  a  mamedr  of  him  In  A&tna  CaulaMgitaii», 
11.  40,  648 ;  bat  his  panntaga  la  not  given.] 

AiroHUCOTTS.  —  Will  you  kindly  giTe  me  the 
name  of  the  author  of  an  8to  volume,  entitled  A 
VtaJiaaiou  of  Hit  Frimitive  Chvrek  tmd  Dioonrnt 
EfMoopaeu,  published  anonymously  in  Londtm  in 
tbe  year  16^  F  Abhu. 

[B7  -Bmaj  Haorioi,  DJ>,  Cb^daln  te  AJihHrtu 
BanoroA,  and  Bootor  of  Hswington,  co.  Ozfird)  *■» 
pannn,"Mn  Wood,  ■  of  iMMXiwablB  kaialBg  and  MB- 
KamUad  yMa^—AOtam,  I7.  IM,  ed.  isn.] 


338 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«k  S.  IV.  Oct.  28,  ISSl 


•^BooK  OF  Rights." — In  a  foot-note,  in  the 
Introduction  (p.  xxi.)  to  IIardinian*8  Irish  Min- 
strehy,  1831,  a  reference  is  made  to  a  certain 
*'  Book  of  Rights,"  that  contains  a  record  of  the 

fublic  duties  of  the  order  of  the  Ancient  Bards  of 
reland.  I  have  searched  and  inquired  at  the 
British  Museum,  but  without  success.  Would 
some  of  your  readers  kindly  throw  a  light  upon 
where  it  is  to  be  found  or  seen  ? 

J.  M.  Fallon. 

[The  "  Book  of  Rights "  contains  an  account  of  the 
rights*  and  revenues  of  the  monarch  of  Ireland,  and  the 
revenues  and  subsidies  of  the  provincial  kings.  It  ^'as 
originally  compiled  by  St,  Benin,  who  died  a.d.  468,  and 
is  contained  in  the  books  of  Ballimote,  io.  147,  and  Lccun, 
fo.  184,  manuscripts  in  the  Royal  Irish  Academy.  There 
are  also  other  copies  in  the  Egerton  MSS.  (Brit.  Mus.), 
No.  113,  art.  8,  22,  38;  No.  1781,  art.  3 ;  No.  1782,  art.  12. 
It  has  been  printed  by  the  Celtic  Society  at  Dublin,  and 
entitled  The  Book  of  Rights :  a  Treatise  on  the  Privi- 
leges of  the  Ancient  Kings  of  Ireland.  Edited,  vrith  a 
Translation  and  Notes,  by  J.  0*Donovan,  LL.D.  Dublin, 
1847,  8vo.l 

William  IIolman  Hunt's  '*  Christ  in  the 
Temple." — Where  can  1  find  a  good  critical  and 
descriptive  article  on  this  picture  ?  J.  L.  C. 

[An  excellent  critical  notice  of  this  artist's  cA<^<far«rre, 
"The  Finding  of  Christ  in  the  Temple,"  together  vrith 
the  working  out  of  it,  will  be  found  in  William  Jlolman 
Hunt  and  his  Jf'''orks  ;  a  Memoir  of  the  Artist's  Life, 
with  Description  of  his  Pictures  [by  F.  G.  Stephens]. 
Lond.  1860,  8vo.  The  Appendix  contains  the  **  Opinions 
of  the  Press"  on  this  remarkable  i>icture,  which  was 
purchased  by  Mr.  £.  Gambart  for  the  unprecedented 
sum  of  5.600  guineas.  J 


THE  "EDINBURGH  REVIEW"  AND  SHAKE- 
SPEARE. 

(4»'»  S.  iv.  249.) 

Will  you  allow  me  to  say  a  few  words  in  reply 
to  Mb.  Prowbtt's  paper  on  **The  Edinhttrgh 
Bemeio  and  Shakespeare  '^  ? 

I.  Mr.  Prowett  objects  to  my  interpretation 
of  Ophelia's  phrase  — 

•*  You  may  wear  your  rue  with  a  difference," — 

that  it  is  ^'coarse  and  unmaidenly."  But  such  an 
objection  could  be  urged  only  in  ignorance  or 
forgetfulness  of  the  psychological  phenomena  at- 
tending the  form  of  madness  that  divide  Ophelia 
from  herself.  Shakespeare,  with  the  profoundest 
knowledge  of  this  species  of  mental  alienation, 
puts  into  the  mouth  of  Ophelia  phrases  and  imi^es 
far  coarser  and  more  unmaidenly  than  anything 
contained  in  the  suggested  explanation  of  the 
disputed  phrase.    There  is  no  force,  therefore,  in 


Mr.  Prowett's  objection  to  the  proposed  explana- 
tion ;  and  it  cannot  be  denied,  1  think,  that  the 
context  as  usually  interpreted  gives  it  at  least 
some  degree  of  plausibility.  Ophelia,  on  entering, 
advances  towards  the  group  consisting  of  the  King, 
the  Queen,  and  Laertes;  and  according  to  the 
stage  tradition,  retained  and  elaborated  by  the 
commentators,  in  distributing  her  flowers,  she 
addresses  each  of  them  in  turn.  Laertes  not  re- 
cognised, except  as  a  youth  of  noble  bearing, 
represents  the  lover,  and  is  greeted  as  such :  the 
King  and  Queen,  more  clearly  recognised  from 
their  distinctive  dress  and  the  circumstances  of 
the  interview,  being  afterwards  presented  in  order 
with  appropriate  iforal  gifts.  The  knowledge  of 
the  reputed  virtues  and  symbolism  of  herbs  and 
flowers  WAS  so  general  three  centuries  ago,  that 
one  iu  Ophelia  s  position  would  be  almost  certain 
to  know  the  traditional  distinction  in  rue  of 
increasing  passion  in  one  sex  and  diminishing  it 
in  the  other ;  and,  as  the  context  shows,  would 
be  not  unlikely  to  use  the  knowledge.  Stilly  I 
must  confess  I  am  not  very  well  satisfied  with 
the  interpretation  as  a  whole.  It  is  perhaps  almost 
too  complete  and  methodical.  On  the  other  hand, 
taking  the  phrase  in  the  heraldic  sense,  Mr. 
I^owett's  explanation  of  this  sense  is  clearer  and 
simpler  than  any  I  remember  to  have  seen,  and 
so  far  adds  to  the  plausibility  of  that  inter- 
pretation. 

2.  So  much  has  been  written  about  the  dis- 
puted passage  in  Lennox's  speech,  that  I  hesitate 
to  occupy  your  space  with  the  question.  The 
many  letters  on  this  point  that  have  lately  ap- 
peared help,  probably,  to  show  that  the  explana- 
tion in  the  Edinburgh  Bevieto  is  not  sufficientlj 
full;  but  I  have  recently  remedied  this  defect 
by  expanded  analysis  and  illustration.  Mb. 
Prowett  has  not  noticed  that,  in  dealing  with 
the  passage,  I  refer  especially  to  the  local  use  of 
want  construed  with  negative  particles,  and  I  still 
hold  that  tills  use  supports  and  justifies  my  inter- 
pretation. 

3.  I  fail  to  appreciate  the  force  of  Mr.  Prowbtt's 
objection  to  m^  interpretation  of  tender-hefted. 
My  explanation  is,  as  he  correctly  states,  founded 
on  the  fact  ''that  ?ieft  is  a  well-known  oldcrr 
English  word  for  handle,  that  which  holds  or 
contains'';  and  the  body,  being  universally  re- 
garded as  the  shrine  or  receptacle  of  the  mind. 
that  which  holds  or  contains  it,  I  have  explainea 
tender-hefted  to  mean  tender-bodied,  delicatelj- 
formcd  or  organised,  finely- fleshed.  To  this  Mb. 
Prowett  replies :  "  Does  anybody  speak  of  the 
body  as  the  nandle  of  the  spirit  or  inner-nature  P  ** 
I  really  do  not  know,  but  I  have  not  done  sa 
Though  ?ieft  has  the  special  sense  of  handle,  it 
has  also,  as  I  have  pointed  out,  the  wider  mean- 
ing of  what  holds  or  contains — being,  in  fact,  the 
Saxon  analogue  of  habitm:  and  I  need  haidlj 


4«k  S.  IV.  Oct.  23,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


339 


repeat,  that  the  body  is  universally  regarded  as 
the  clothing  or  investiture;  the  home  or  dwelling- 
place  of  the  mind.  In  the  more  humorous  and 
familiar  representation  of  this  relation,  it  is  indeed 
not  unnaturally  referred  to  as  the  case  or  sheath, 
the  chest  or  trunk,  even  the  doublet  and  hose,  of 
the  mind.  The  objection  has,  therefore,  no  point 
or  relevancy.  On  the  other  hand,  in  his  own  ex- 
planation Mr.  Pbowett  falls  into  the  strangest 
confusion,  and  even  coarseness,  in  imngining  that 
because  the  substantive  heft  sometimes  means 
handle,  the  verb  "  to  hefty  ^  to  fix  in  a  hilt,  sheath, 
or  case,  means  to  handle  in  the  sense  of  to  feel  or 
touch.  At  best,  this  is  merely  a  bad  form,  having 
no  real  bearing  whatever  on  the  epithet  to  be 
explained. 
4.  The  point  of  Mr.  Prowett's  criticism  of  the 

?hrase,  "  wing  the  wind,"  is  not  very  obvious, 
[e  apparently  does  not  know  the  meaning  of  the 
phrase  \  but  taking  it  as  applicable  to  an  ostrich 
m  full  career,  he  says :  '^  but  Prince  Hal  and  his 
companions  were  neither  charc^ng  nor  running 
away."  Had  all  Mr.  Prowett  s  criticisms  been 
of  this  order,  I  certainly  should  not  have  replied 
to  them.  Can  it  be  necessary  to  point  out  that, 
while  in  repose,  the  wing-plumes  of  the  ostrich 
lie  horizontally,  or  nearly  so,  on  the  back  of  the 
bird ;  in  motion  raised  by  the  action  of  the  wing, 
and  caught  by  the  wind,  they  present  an  apt  and 
vivid  image  of  the  erect  and  nodding  plumes  on 
the  helms  of  the  warriors  ready-furbished  for 
their  enterprise. 

6.  Mr.  Prowett's  suggested  emendation  of  the 
corrupt  passage  in  IIamlet*s  speech  (iv.  1)  will,  I 
think,  be  regiu-ded  as  more  ingenious  than  satis- 
factory,   lie  would  read  — 

**  The  dram  of  eale  [e9U'\ 
Doth  oil  the  noble  substance  ooer-climt 
To  his  own  scandal.'* 

In  support  of  his  reading  he  suggests  that  there 
may  have  been  such  a  word  as  eale,  '*  identical 
with  another  mysterious  word  used  by  Hamlet, 
esilf  which  is  said  to  mean  vinpgar."  It  ma^  be 
noted  in  passing,  that  there  is  nothing  specially 
mysterious  about  esil.  It  is  used  familiarly  for 
vinegar  by  the  Elizabethan  writers,  and  occurs  in 
this  sense  in  most  of  our  older  dictionaries.  Apart 
from  other  objections  the  suggested  image  is,  it 
seems  to  me,  too  specific  to  suit  either  the  con- 
text or  the  sentence  itself. 

On  further  thought  about  the  passage,  I  am 
disposed  to  adopt  an  emendation  slightly  different 
from  any  I  have  seen.  £vil  is  used  by  the  Elizar 
bethan  writers,  and  by  Shake^-peare  himself,  as  a 
monosyllable,  and  it  would  then  be  pronounced 
eale,  just  as  devil  is  still  pronounced  "de'il'Mn 
the  north ;  and  by  a  mistake  of  the  ear,  it  mi^t 
easily  have  been  written  as  pronounced.  Agaio^ 
the  verb  dout  is  used  not  only  in  the  literal  sense 
Q^  do  out,  extinguish,  destroy,  but  in  the  aecon- 


dary  meaning  of  obscure,  eclipse,  prevent  the 

manifestation  of,  as  by  Laertes  himself  in  the 

same  play  (iv.  7)  — 

**  Adieu,  my  lord ! 
I  have  a  speech  of  fire  that  fain  would  blaze. 
But  that  this  folly  doutB  if' 

This  secondary  sense  very  much  does  away 

vdth  the  force  of  Mr.  Dyce*s  objection  to  the 

reading  dout  in  the  passage ;  and  I  am  dispoeedi 

therefore,  to  read  it  — 

''The dram  of  e*U 
Doth  all  the  noble  8nb8tanc«  oftea  doot 
To  his  own  scandaL" 

Before  concluding,  will  you  allow  me  to  correct 
a  statement  made  in  my  article?  I  have  said 
that,  so  far  as  I  was  aware,  the  word  wmdlaoe 
(occurring  in  Hamlet)  had  never  yet  been  noticed 
by  any  Shakespearian  critic  or  commentator; 
but  I  have  recently  discovered  that  it  is  noticed, 
though  not  explained,  by  the  late  Mr.  Hunter  in 
his  New  likutratioM  of  ohakeapeare. 

The  WaiTEB  of  the  Abholb  ok  Shakb- 
spsAKiAif  Glossaries  in  the  '<  Edinbueoh 
Review." 


«  THE  PRODIGAL  SON,-  AN  ORATORIO. 
(4«»»  S.  iv.  271.) 

May  I  be  permitted  to  correct  a  mistake  in  my 
note  on  this  subject  P  Amold*s  oratorio  was  not 
produced  at  Covent  Garden  Theatre,  as  I  stated, 
but  at  the  theatre  in  the  Haymarket  As  this 
work  appears  to  be  exciting  some  curiouty  just 
now,  it  may  perhaps  gratify  some  of  the  readers 
of  "  N.  8c  Q."  to  be  made  acquainted  with  the 
following  particulars  respecting  it. 

The  first  performance  was  announced  in  the 
Publie  AdveHiser  of  Thursday,  March  4, 1773,  by 
the  following  advertisement :  — 

••  Never  Performed. 

At  the  Theatre  Royal  in  the  Hay-market 

To-morrow  wifl  be  performed 

TU£    PRODIGAL   SON, 

An  Oratorio. 

The  Music  entirely  new,  composed  by  Mr.  Arnold. 

The  principal  Vocal  Parts  by  Mrk  Smith,  Miss  Hooper, 

Signora  Galli,  Mr.  Vemon,  and  Mr.  Meredith. 

Solo  on  the  Violin  by  Mr.  Agu,  Jon.  {Scholar  of  Sig. 

Nardini)  lately  arrived  from  Italv. 

Ckmoerto  on  the  Clarinet  by  Mr.  Mahoon. 

Boxes  5«.,  Pit  8f.,  First  Gallery  2ff.,  Upper  Gallery  la. 

Tickets  to  be  bad,  and  Places  for  the  Boxes  to  be  taken 

at  the  Iheatre. 

Books  of  the  Performance  sold  there. 

The  Doors  to  be  opened  at  Five. 

To  begin  at  Half-after-Six.         Vivant  Rex  et  Regina." 

The  same  paper  also  contained  this  paragraph : 

''The  new  Oratorio,  which  is  founded  on  thatvay 
interestfaig  Parable  in  Scriptnte,  *The  Prodigal  Son,' 
and  to  be  performed  at  the  Theatre  Royal  in  the  Hay- 
nuulDei  toHoaonrow,  Is  written  by  Mr.  HaH,  of  Oovwt 
GaidaAThei^  and  settoMoalD  hrMr.AfaoU.   The 


340 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»S.IV.  OcT.«8,'«t 


Oratorio  will  be  published  on  the  Day  of  Performance, 
and  may  be  had  at  John  Bell's,  near  Exeter  Exchange 
in  the  Strand,  Price  U.  elegantly  printed  in  Quarto." 

The  oratorio  was  performed  a  second  time  on 
Wednesday,  March  10,  and  the  next  day's  Fubhc 
Advetiiser  thus  chronicled  the  event : — 

"The  Prodigal  Son  was  received  with  the  most  dis- 
tinguished Applause  last  Night  on  its  Second  Perform- 
ance at  the  Theatre  in  the  Haymarket;  the  Audience 
were  vcrv  numerous,  and  unanimously  expressed  the 
utmost  Satisfaction.    It  will  be  repeated  To-morrow." 

The  oratorio  was  accordingly  repeated  on  Fri- 
day, March  12,  and  again  on  Friaay,  March  10, 
Wednesday,  March  31,  and  Friday,  April  2.  On 
the  latter 'niffht,  which  was  the  last  Friday  in 
Lent  before  Good  Friday,  The  Prodigal  Sm  was 
given  in  lieu  of  another  oratorio  which  had  been 
previously  announced. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  in  the  Lent  of  1773  three 
series  of  oratorio  performances  were  simultane- 
ously given,  viz.,  at  Drury  Lane  Theatre  under 
the  direction  of  Linley ;  at  Covent  Garden  The- 
atre under  that  of  Amc  ;  nnd  at  the  Haymarket 
Theatie  under  the  direction  (most  probably)  of 
Arnold.  At  the  performances  at  Covent  Garden 
under  Ame,  female  sinijers  were  first  introduced 
in  the  choruses;  the  director's  Judith  being  the 
work  in  which  they  appeared.        W.  fl.  Husk. 

I  shall  be  happy  to  show  Mr.  Husk  the  rare 
libretto  of  1773,  adorned  with  a  pretty  cut,  if 
he  favours  me  with  a  call.       R.  £.  Lonsdale. 


I  have  read  with  interest  the  note  by  Mb.  W. 
H.  Husk  on  Dr.  Samuel  Arnold's  oratorio  of 
"  The  Prodigal  Son."  I  am  not  surprised,  how- 
ever, to  learn  that  the  experienced  librarian  of  the 
Sacred  Harmonic  Society  has  not  seen  "  a  score  of 
the  music,"  for,  according  to  Dr.  Thomas  Busby 
(^History  of  MusiCy  1810),   the  work  was  never 

Sublished.  Dr.  Busby  gives  from  memory — as  no 
oubt  Mr.  Husk  is  aware — the  opening  bars  of  the 
first,  and  the  motivo  of  the  second  movement. 

As  to  the  libretto,  or  book  of  the  words,  it  ap- 
pears that  the  first  edition  was  published  in  1773, 
when  the  oratorio  was  produced  j  and  the  second 
in  1777,  when  it  was  again  performed,  in  February 
and  March,  at  Covent  Garden  Theatre.  I  have 
found  a  copy  of  each  edition  in  the  library  of  the 
British  Museum.  Thomas  Walesby. 

Golden  Square. 

PUNISHMENT  BY  DROWNING. 

(4^  S.  iv.  IGO,  222.) 

This  mode  of  capital  punishment  was  not  un- 
common in  Scotland.  In  a  note  on  the  sentence 
of  Janet  Andersone,  convicted  of  setting  fire  to 
and  bimiing  a  byre  containinc^  sixty  oxen  and 
eleven  cows,  adjudging  her  to  be  drowned,  under 


date  April  26,  1533,  of  Pitcaim's  Onm.  Iriak^ 
the  editor  observes  that  he — 

"Has  frequently  had  occasion  to  remark  that  this  was 
the  ordinary  puniishmcnt  of  females  for  crimes  of  lesMr 
magnitude.  In  cases  of  murder,  treason,  witchcraft,  &&, 
women  were  beheaded  or  burnt  at  the  stake,  according 
to  their  rank,  aggravation  of  the  offence,  &c." — ^VoL  i. 
162*. 

Other  examples  occur  in  vol.  ii.  94,  and  in  561| 
the  latter  recording  sentence  of  drowning  against 
eleven  gipsy-women,  eight  of  whose  nusbaiids 
had  been  hanged  on  Jan.  24,  1024,  but  the  sen- 
tence against  the  women  was  commuted  to  banish- 
ment beyond  sea  on  March  13  following. 

The  penalty,  however,  was  not  always  restricted 
to  females.  James  Watson  suffered  death  bj 
drowning  for  stealing  a  lamb  in  1611  {ibid,  m, 
208),  and  Adam  Sinclair,  for  robbing  a  churd^ 
was  condemned  on  Dec.  7, 1656,  to  be  drowned 
ex  speciali  gratia  regine,  while  his  aocom^ice 
Henry  Elder  was  ordered  to  be  hanged.  (Jhid, 
i.  894*.) 

The  same  penalty  was  also  frequently  inflicted 
on  the  Border  outlaws.  In  1561  the  Earl  of  Mar 
made  a  sudden  march  to  Hawick,  where,  aimed 
with  full  powers,  be  surrounded  the  town  and 
seized  iiftv-three  of  the  most  notorious  idjen  of 
the  middle  marches.  Of  these,  eighteen  wen 
immediately  di'owned  for  lack  of  trees  and  halters : 
six  were  afterwards  handed  at  Edinburgh,  ana 
the  rest  acquitted  or  imprisoned.  (Tytl^s  MkL 
of  Scotland,  vi.  302 ;  Birrers  Diary.)  Again^  at 
the  Assize  held  by  the  Royal  Conunissioners  at 
Dumfries,  May  23,  1022— 

"  In  the  presence  of  the  said  Commissioners,  sitting  in 
judgement^  Johnc  Armestrang,  callit  Bauld  Jock,  was 
condampnit  &  ordainit  to  be  drownet  in  the  wattir  of 
Nith,  ay  quhil  he  be  deid.** 

But  it  is  needless  to  multiply  instances. 


Brady  in  his  Clavis  Calendaria,  ii.  279,  has  the 
following  remarks  on  this  subject: — 

"  Another  antient  ordeal  was  performed  by  caosing  the 
accused  person  to  have  liis  right  foot  and  left  hand  bomd 
together,  and  in  that  state  to  be  cast  into  the  sea  or  tmf 
other  large  piece  of  water  ;  if  he  sank,  the  failure  dT  ths 
experiment  punished  his  guilt  wiih  death ;  if,  on  theooit- 
trary,  he  footed  on  the  aut/ace,  he  was  deemed  innocent. 
From  this  practice  arose  the  custom,  which  continnsd 
until  about  the  middle  of  the  la»t  century,  of  ducking  c3d 
women  reputed  witches.  The  unhappy  victim  was  thiowB 
into  a  pool ;  if  she  swam  it  was  considered  that  she  had 
saved  herself  through  her  influence  with  the  in^anial 
|)owers,  and  was  of  course  a  witch ;  if  she  sank,  she  was 
umocent :  and  thus,  whether  guilty  or  not,  the  penal^  of 
death  was  sure  to  follow  the  suspicion.  When  hot  water 
was  made  the  ordeal,  the  bare  1^^  or  arms  of  the 
were  put  into  scalding  water,  and  if  these  sustained 
injury  the  parties  were  proclaimed  innocent." 

T.T. 


4*S.1V.  OoT.i3,'68.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIE& 


Sti 


A  well-known  sea-bathing'  village  near  Dnblin 
derives  ils  name — Blackrock — R*om  a  small 
dark- looking  rock  viuble  only  at  unusnsllj  low 
tides,  which,  as  the  pree-AQglicau  tradition  troea, 
waa  tha  pla.ce  of  thia  fearful  punisbment.  Once 
or  twice  in  my  boyhood  time  I  had  the  opportu- 


to  which  the  sufferer  was  bound  for  the  elow  but 
sure  approach  of  death  bj  suffocation  rather  than 
by  drowoing.  R  L.  8. 


OLD  FRENCH  WORDS, 
(4"'  S.  iv.  9G,  178.) 
.  Some  French  gentlemen  (one  a  diatingiiished 
professor  of  tho  Callage  Bonaparte)  and  myself 
exsmined  these  words  verj  carefully  this  morning, 
and  herewith  I  giye  jou  a  brief  note  of  our  ob- 
serrntifiQS.  It  will  he  seen  tlint  nearly  all  of  Mb. 
Pathe's  explaoutions  aro  correct;  at  least,  so  far 
as  our  koowledg-e  goea :  — 

Oiire.— Is  this  word  correctly  f ranacribed  P  Qu. 
ouwi.  In  ths  Normiin  of  to-day  we  can  hear 
"du  linge  mtori." 


Deymes:    Ayuhekri-^Ooirect;    tht    

particularly  well    explained  —  (chaUer,    etcaU^r, 
tehdles. 

Heiues. — Not  doors,  i,  e,  partes,  but  huium, 
"  jambagea  de  la  parte."  It  is  still  usual  in  Nor- 
mandy to  say  "  la  heuse  partie,"  that  is,  "  la  botte 
coupSe  en  deux"  {Fabliaux').  Hoae  fEngliah), 
hutsarda  (so  called  from  their  peculiar  beOM),  an 
derivatiTe  iUustrntiona  of  the  word. 

iJwroifc.— Ralier  from  croix  croiifes, 
written  in  the  thirteenth  century 

Luk.~~Setuq\ier,  meaning  regardei;  and  naed 
for  it,  is  rather  nrotrf  of  Paris  than  of  Normandy. 
It  may,  however,  have  been  of  Norman  origin. 

Gaudei. — Still  used  in  this  sense  in  architecture. 

Otiez  el  hachez.  ^  Niirhes  is  correct  {mtailU, 
enQiavf) ;  but  query,  not  oeta  but  niella,  formerly, 
thirteenth  century,  used  in  the  sense  of  imaOier, 
that  is  to  say,  "  m^Ul  sur  m^tal."  IfieUer  was 
the  word  used  to  express  or  describe  tie  proceag 
by  which  arms  were  daiimsqairt^et, 

Sorrez. — No;  it  means  not  gilt,  hut  "blonde 
comme   Tor."      In    ancient  times   cheneux   taun, 
and  now-a-dfljs  harcng  taw;    that  is,  hair  like 
gold,  not  gilt;  a  herring  shining  like  gold,  but 
not  a  ffiit  herring.     Soret,  torel,  are  other  ancient 
forms  of  (his  word.     (Agnes  Sorel) :  — 
"Child  of  earth 
With  the  golden  hjur,"  &c, 
Btintnrie. — Correct. 

SouU  dor. — Qa.  tol  dot,  derived  from  the  I«tin 
toUAan,  lol. 


BatratM  ahonld  be  batrtm,  toads,  horn  tits 
Greek  B<irpaxai, 

Braett. — Can  be  heard  any  day  Cor  Ira^  Mptt- 
cially  as  to  swimming. 

.Bolff.— Not  a  bowl,  but  a  boah,  a  ball  or  bullet 
Tho  word  suniTes,  as  in  "boUe  d'Anofnia"  for 


Mof. — Bight;  but  not  nut^  which  shoald  be 
imida,  from  moiiui.  BiZiCE. 

Ll«n-«ar-Uer,  Notmandf ,  Sqit.  29, 1860. 


HORACE,  CARU.  t.  S8. 
(4*  a  iv.  113, 181,  230,  297.) 

I  find  I  must  submit  to  the  labour  of  makkw  a. 
reply  to  KIk.  Tkit,  who  has  not  taken  my  remMU 
in  aa  good  a  sfurit  as  I  expected.  My  reply,  then, 
ia  briefly  this :  I  dissent  totally  from  every  -ona 
of  his  positions  and  assertions,  bat  I  most  dvdino 
going  into  particulars. 

Mk.  Tbw  seems  somewhat  nettled  at  my  mf- 
poMng  him  to  share  in  the  ignoranoe  provalmt 
m  tluB  county  on  the  snbj«ot  of  mrthology.  I 
meant  no  otience.  I  only  sappoeed  him  to  ba' 
unacquainted  with  the  Qecmau  works  of  the  pr»- 
Bcmt  centurr  od  this  subject,  and  such  a  panon  I 
most  toMid  aa  wncnant  of  mythology,  aveu  if  he 
has  read  Hanod  mod  Oicna  I  would  tay  tka 
very  same  of  even  Bentler  and  Poiwm. 

Mr.  Tkw  gives  a  genile  neer  at  the  Woe  I 
aerai  to  aet  on  bt  Mytlmiagy  i/Qr»em  omI  Italff. 
The  Taluatioa  it,  nowever,  not  mine,  it  ia  Wel»> 
Jen's,  who  thus  exprewoa  himself  in  the  prebce  ID 
his  GnKAueAa  OSU^rUme:— 

■It  has  gratified  nc  mnch  to  obwrve  that  maaj 
genn*  autt^nl  bj  ni«  hag  sinoB  aloiig  with  tdMS 
planted  oat  by  Battnunn  and  K.  O.  UOIler  han  tbrtno 


^ith  this  tedimony  to  its  merits,  with  tU  ate 
of  tiirae  large  impressicnis,  nnaided  by  rarlswa 
and  literary  cJiques,  and  the  recollection  of  having 
heard  it  styled  at  Eton  one  of  tbe  claanes  of  &• 
language,  and  termed  bj  Lead  Macanlay  "« 
jnoat  beaufifnl  work,"  may  I  not  be  pardoned  if  I 
BhoaU  feel  a  little  vanity  respecting  it  F 

From  }£^  Tbw's  langoape  about  tlieodMbwiUr 
in  stuns,  I  inJei  that  he  u  not  aoquidnted  wit£ 
Oidli's  e<Ution,  in  which,  and  in  tome  other  edir 
tioniL  the  stania-arnuigemeat  has  been  adopted, 
which,  by  the  war,  was  discoveied  aiaultaoean^ 
and  independsntlT  by  Meinede  and  mj»dt  u 
Orelli's  second  edition  will  be  found  hi*  and  t^ 
modes  of  getting  over  tha  difficulty  in  it.  {^  M 

: ..._      »  ,,...  ..   .__     JJ^^       J 


difficulty  at  all  ii 

just  nxteen  Unee.  Tbos.  Kuskilxt. 

F.S. — In  the  hope  of  parting  good  friends  wHh 

Uk  Tzw,  I  beg  to  'inf«m  bun  that  warm  m  ft 


342 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4>kS.IV.  Oor.t8«*ii. 


common  term  in  Ireland.  Goldsmith  uses  this,  as 
well  as  some  other  Hibemicisms,  in  the  Vicar  of 
Wakefield^  where  Mrs.  Primrose,  speaking  of 
Farmer  Williams,  terms  him  "  a  toai^m  man." 


SIR  WILLIAM  ROGER,  KNIGHT. 

(4»>»S.  L458;  iv.  107.) 

I  have  been  silent  on  the  subject  of  Anglo- 
ScoTXJS*  inq[uiry  for  the  reason  that,  being  myself 
unable  to  give  a  satisfactory  answer,  I  might  com- 
municate with  my  brother,  Mr.  Charles  Roger, 
of  Ottawa,  Upper  Canada,  whose  reply  is  here 
subjoined :  — 

<'  I  had  at  one  time  a  number  of  papers  and  charter? 
relating  to  the  Marywell  property.  To  some  of  these, 
seals  were  attached.  If  the  charters  of  Sir  \Vm.  Roger, 
alluded  to  by  the  correspondent  of  "N.  &  Q."  were 
among  them,  they  sharea  the  fate  of  my  other  papers 
during  an  accident  by  lire,  which  happened  to  my  print- 
ing office  while  editor  of  a  newspaper  in  Quebec  '  It  is  so 
long  since  I  left  England,  that  I  reallv  cannot  recall  any 
distinct  statement  made  to  me  by  our  late  father  concern- 
ing this  William  Roger,  or  in  regard  to  his  connection 
with  our  family.  Had  my  father  been  alive,  he  could 
have  given  a  satisfactory  account  of  the  casts  and  of  the 
seals  and  documents  whence  they  were  taken.  I  am 
no  great  enthusiast  on  the  subject  of  gencalo^n*.  As  a 
question  of  fact,  however,  our  branch  of  the  family  of 
Roger  dates  as  far  back  as  the  period  of  the  Reformation, 
when  the  property  of  Marywell  was  acquired  by  a 
Glasgow  merchant  of  our  name,  of  whom  we  are  the 
lineal  descendants.  Mar}*well  eventually  became  the 
property  of  a  family  of  the  name  of  Meek.  There  was  a 
curiously  carved  slab  or  tablet  over  the  doorway  of  the 
old  house  of  Marj'well,  with  the  family  arms  engraved 
on  it,  and  also  the  date.  This  structure  was  demolished 
about  the  beginning  of  the  century ;  but  a  drawing  of 
the  sculptured  stone  was  made  before  its  removal,  the 
principal  figure  of  which  was  a  stages  head.  I  presume 
this  still  exists.  Compare  it  with  the  seals.  I  do  not 
know  that  identity  of  heraldry  is  an  infallible  test  of 
consanguinity — certainly  not  in  our  day,  when  any  one 
may  with  impunity  assume  whatever  arms  he  pleases — 
though  formerly  it  established  a  presumption  in  favour 
of  this.  There  was  also  an  elaborately  engraved  antique 
fiilver  seal  at  one  time  possessed  bv  some  member  of  the 
family.  It  had  supporters,  but  I  do  not  remember  if 
these  were  lions,  leopards,  or  monkeys.  I  had  a  com- 
paratively modern  armorial  seal,  in  gold  setting,  given 
me  by  my  father  many  years  ago,  but  I  unfortunately 
lost  it.  The  proofs  of  Roger's  knighthood,  or  that  he  was 
received  at  the  court  of  James  III.,  do  not  depend  on  the 

groduction  of  the  charters,  this  much  being  matter  of 
istorj- ;  nor  is  there  anything  a  priori  impossible  that 
he  may  have  been  a  *  Privie  Councellour.'  No  infamy, 
unless  as  regards  the  perpetrators,  attaches  to  the  cir- 
cumstances of  this  musician's  death.  His  crime  seems  to 
have  been  that  he  was  a  favourite  of  the  King,  whose 
culture  was  probably  far  in  advance  of  the  rude  nobles  of 
his  period." 

All  that  I  know  of  the  casts  is,  that,  on  the 
death  of  my  late  father,  Mr.  Charles  Roger,  I 
found  them  carefully  folded  in  paper  and  placed 
in  the  drawer  of  a  cabinet  belonging;  to  him. 
These  I  communicated  to  Mr.  Laing  m  the  full 
belief  that  they  were  what  they  purport  to  be,  an 


opinion  which  has  since  undergone  no  chanm. 
Beside  them  were  other  casts  of  well-known  seiuf. 
The  whole  of  the  charters  entrusted  .to  Sir  Robert 
Doufflas,  by  the  representatives  of  the  respectiTe 
families  whom  he  commemorated,  passed  at  his 
death  into  my  father's  hands.  Whether  the 
original  charters  by  Sir  William  Roger  were  of 
the  number  of  those  so  acquired,  or  if  the  casta 
only  were  in  this  way  obtained,  or  otherwise  were 
transmitted  downward,  I  cannot  form  a  conjec- 
ture. The  descriptions  are  not  in  the  handwritiog 
of  my  late  father.  Being  unable,  at  hb  death, 
personally  to  superintend  the  disposal  of  his  affairs, 
it  is  to  be  feared  that  many  documents  of  much 
value  in  a  genealogical  view  found  their  way  into 
the  possession  of  persons  by  whom  they  would 
hardly  be  appreciated.  The  seal  No.  849  of 
Mr.  Laing's  supplemental  catalogue  is  of  exquisite 
workmanship,  and  is  obviously  one  of  the  coats 
armorial  usually  assigned  to  the  name  of  Roger. 
The  expressions,  ''holding  in  its  mouth  a  mullet" 
and  ''  a  mullet  in  front  of  its  mouth,*'  constitute, 
as  I  think,  a  distinction  without  a  difference.  If 
your  correspondent  Anglo-Scotits  be  resident  in 
town,  it  will  give  me  pleasure  to  show  him  the 
casts^  leaving  him  to  form  his  own  judgment 

With  regard  to  the  sculpture  on  the  ruined 
house  of  Marywell,  a  drawing  of  this  is  in  mj 
possession.  The  form  of  the  escutcheon,  which  is 
placed  within  a  compartment  carved  in  the  stone^ 
IS  that  known  in  French  heraldry  as  arrondi — the 
charge  contained  thereon  being  a  stag's  head 
erased,  holding  in  its  mouth  a  mullet,  square 
pierced.  On  the  right  of  the  base  of  the  smeld| 
within  the  compai*tment,  is  a  monogram  consist- 
ing of  the  letters  G  and  R  conjoined.  In  like 
position  on  the  left,  a  mullet,  also  square  pierced. 
Whether  the  square  piercing  of  the  mullet  held 
in  the  animal's  mouth  amounts  to  an  heraldic 
distinction  or  difference,  I  leave  it  to  Mr.  Planch^ 
to  determine.  Underneath  all,  within  an  oblong 
recess  carved  within  the  substance  of  the  stone,  is 
the  date  '*  1581."  Marywell  formed  jjart  of  the 
church  lands  in  Coupargrange,  belonging  to  the 
abbey  of  Couparangus.  Thomas  Meik,  of  Mary- 
well, is  one  of  six  subscribing  witnesses  to  a  mar- 
riage contract,  still  extant,  oetween  ''Katharine 
Roger"  and  "John  Stewart,  in  Qreendyks,"  A.B. 
1716;  the  portion  conveyed  under  which  being 
the  magnificent  sum  of  200  merks  Soots. 

J.  C.  ROGSB. 


SEAL  OF  HAWISE,  LADY  OF  CYVEILIOC. 
(4"»  S.  iv.  234.) 

This  seal  has  been  repeatedly  noticed ;  but  Mb. 
Pig  GOT  appears  only  to  have  seen  the  earliest  and 
misconceived  account  of  it  by  Mr.  Massie,  in^the 
Transactions  of  the  Cheshire  Archeeohfficai  Soeietjff 
1850.    It  is  not  the  seal  of  Hawise  (Gadam), 


*S.  IV.  Oct.  83, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUBKIES. 


S43 


the  heiress  of  the  princes  of  Powjs,  who  was 
■named  to  Sir  John  de  Charleton.  but  that  of  her 
grandmother  llawise,  widow  of  Griffin  de  Keveo- 
loe.  .  (Griffin  waa  grandson  of  the  prinoo  named 
by  Mr.  Piggot  as  "  the  famous  Owon  Cy veilioch," 
»nd  therefore  irnwise  Gndam,  the  heire>iS,  was 
cne  generation  lower  than  "  great  granddaughter  " 
of  Owen.) 

The  Lad;  Hawise  (the  elder)  was  a  daughter 
of  John  le  Strange,  of  Ness  and  Chedwardine. 
She  wfla  married  to  Griffin  ap  Wenwwywjn,  lord 
of  Keveoloc,  in  the  year  1242,  and  was  left  his 
widow  in  1286.  Slie  died  about  1310,  and  there- 
fore required  a  seal  through  a  long  widowhood. 

The  seal  is  of  oval  form,  measuring  2  in.  by  IJ, 
and  exhibits  tlie  lady  at  full  length,  standing 
clothed  in  a  kirtle,  fastened  by  a  brooch  on  her 
breast,  and  girt  at  her  waist;  along  mantle  falling 
over  her  shoulders;  a  low-crowned  reticulated 
cap  and  wimple,  and  holding  in  her  hands  two 
shields ;  that  m  her  right  hard  charged  with  the 
lion  rampant  of  Powys,  and  that  in  her  left  with 
two  lions  passant  for  Strange.  The  matrix  of 
silver  was  found  at  Oswestry  shortly  before  1850, 
and  was  lately  in  the  possession  of  tne  Rev.  T.  R. 
Lyon,  Rector  of  Pulford,  near  Cbester. 

The  seal  was  imperfectly  drawn  in  the  Trans- 
actions  of  the  Chester  Archaeological  Society,  as 
referred  to  by  Mk.  Piaooi;  but  it  was  more 
accurately  dehneated  by  0.  Jewitt  in  the  Journal 
of  the  Archieological  Inetitute  (vol.  x.),  and  there 
MR.  W.  S.  WaLFORD  assigned  it  to  its  proper 
owner.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Jewitt's  engraving  has 
been  republished  in  \hs  MimtgonieryshireCoUectioni, 
printed  for  the  Powysland  Club,  1807,  (i.  40,)  as 
an  illustration  to  a  very  complete  memoir  of  The 
Princes  of  Upofr  Paicys,  compiled  by  the  Hon. 
and  Rev.  O.  T.  0.  Bridgemnn,  M.A.,  from  which 
I  have  derived  the  dates  already  given,  and  in 
which  many  further  particulars  of  the  lady  and 
her  family  connections  may  be  perused. 

It  will  be  perceived  that  the  idea  of  Mr.  Massie 
(quoted  by  Mr.  Piqgot),  that  the  rampant  lion 
stood  for  Charleton,  whilst  the  arms  of  Strange 
were  by  some  crooked  fancy  made  to  do  duty  for 
Corbet  (the  name  of  Hawise  Oadarn'a  mother),  is 
utterly  out  of  place. 

Mr.  PiGOOT  makes  inquiry  for  other  seals 
similar  in  design.  The  pattern  is  not  so  rare  aa 
he  supposes,  but  very  customary  in  the  thirteenth 
century. 

One  exceedingly  similar  is  that  of  Margaret  de 
Ros,  1260,  holding  a  shield  of  Ros  (her  husband) 
in  her  right  hand,  and  of  Bruce  (ner  father)  in 
the  left.  (Laing's  Seals  of  Scotland,  ii.  25,  and 
Boutell's  English  Heraldry,  1867,  p.  164.) 

That  of  ^leinor  la  Zouche  (1298)  has  a  shield 
of  Zouche  in  her  right  hand,  and  one  charged  with 
the  dnquefoil  of  Leicester  in  her  left.  (Laincr, 
ii.  102.) 


That  of  Darvorgilla  de  BalUoI,  appendative  to 
her  fonndatiou  charter  of  Balliol  College,  Oxford, 
has  a  shield  of  BaUiol  in  her  right  liand,  one 
of  Galloway  in  her  left;  whilst  suspended  on 
shields  on  either  »de  are  shields  of  the  earldoms 
of  Chester  and  Huntin^on.  (See  this  repre- 
sented in  Laing,  vol.  ».  plat«  r.  fig.  1,  ana  in 
Ingram's  CoUeget  of  Oxford.) 

J  OHM  GopBH  Nichols. 


Sir  Hcoh  Oai-vblet  (4""  S.  iv.  217,266.)— 
If  Mr.  Picxford  will  refer  to  Hodgson's  History 
of  Northumberland,  part  ii.  vol.  i.  (1827),  p.  276, 
he  will  find  a  abort  notice  of  "  A  good  miniatuto 
of  Sir  Hugh  Calveley "  (misprinted  Calverley) 
of  Cheshire,  the  last  of  that  family,  and  who 
having  no  relations  of  his  own  name,  settled  his 
lands  on  Henry  Calverley  of  Yorlihire,  "the 
name,"  as  ha  says  in  a  letter  to  H.  C,  "  being 
the  same  in  substance  as  my  owne."  Owing  to 
losses  in  the  troublesome  times  of  the  Great 
Rebellion,  be  was  never  able  to  comply  with  the 
conditions  of  the  settlement,  and  therefore  lost 
the  Calveley  property  in  Cheshire,  which  was 
very  considerable. 

The  original  of  thia  letter,  which  is  dated 
February  17,  1647,  together  with  schedules  and 
conveyances  of  Sir  Hugh's  property,  ate  now  in 
the  British  Museum,  where  I  deposited  them, 
together  with  a  valuable  collection  of  charters, 
letters,  and  other  documents  and  pedigrees  of  the 
andent  family  of  Calverley  of  Calveriey,  in  York- 
shire (the  last  male  descendant  of  wbom  in  the 
direct  line.  Sir  Walter  Calverley  (Blackett)  died 
in  1777),  believing  that  they  would  be  there  more 
accessible  to  students  or  inquirers,  and  also  better 
secured  from  the  danger  of  destruction  by  Gre  or 
other  acddenL 

I  may  add  that  the  Henry  Calvertey  to  whom 
Sir  Hugh  Calveley  left  his  estates  was  "  the  brat 
at  nurse  "  of  "  The  Yorkshire  Tragedy."  A  MS. 
now  in  the  above  coUecUon  in  the  Museum  adds 
that  he  was  "at  nurse  at  Norton,"  some  miles 
from  Calverley,  owing  to  which  circumstance 
probably  he  escaped  the  fate  of  his  two  elder 
orotbere,  "William  and  Walter,"  whose  inter- 
ment is  entered  in  the  Calverley  register  under  the 
date  "  I60S.  Aprill.  Sonnea  of  Walter  Calveriey, 
Esq',  buried  y'  ixiiii*  day."  If  any  person  were 
inclined  to  iUustnte  with  notes  a  new  edition  of 
that  drama,  he  might  find  abundant  materials  for 
the  pmipose  in  the  above-mentioned  collection, 
and  also  more  authentic  than  the  very  incorrect 
vetMon  given  in  Timbs's  Anoatrtd  &«rie»  lately 
published.       Walter  Cai.vibi.bt  Tebtsltax. 

WalliDgtoa. 

Tai  PossiBiLiTT  07  A  Clock  btbixiho  Teik- 
TKKS  (4"'  8.  iv.  326.) — Any  tnrret-clock  malier 
will  show  that  it  it  mechanically  possible  for  an 


344 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4th  S.  lY.  OoT.  S8,  "m. 


old  clock  to  strike  thirteen.  Moreover,  in  "  N.  Sc  Q." 
2"**  S.  vii.  14,  two  correspondents,  I.  P.  0.  and 
J.  M.  H.;  have  made  statements  to  the  same 
effect.  Thomas  AValesby. 

I  am  not  a  clock-maker,  but  I  happen  to  know 
something  about  clocks,  and  I  look  after  the  clock 
of  our  own  parish  church,  as  I  live  close  to  it, 
and  Mr.  Masey  is  very  much  mistaken  if  he  sup- 
poses a  clock  cannot  strike  thirteen,  for  my  clock 
nas  more  than  once  played  me  that  trick,  and 
sometimes  twenty.  It  may  easily  arise  from  some 
little  fault  or  accident  with  the  movement.  I  have 
paid  him  a  visit  at  midnight  to  correct  him,  that 
he  might  not  go  on  telling  lies  all  through  the 
night  The  clock  to  which  I  allude  strikes  one 
blow  at  the  half  hour,  and  perhaps  the  old  clock 
at  Westminster  struck  the  quarters,  which  would 
account  for  the  thirteen  blows,  which  were  heard 
at  Windsor  by  the  sentinel  John  Hatfield,  of 
which  there  can  be  no  doubt,  both  from  tradition 
and  the  occurrence  being  recorded  in  the  Public 
AdvertiaeTy  June  22, 1770.  Osbdo. 

Bumble  Bee  (4»»»  S.  iv.  907.) —  To  Mr.  Tew's 
list  of  the  various  applications  and  extensions  of 
meaning  of  jSojujS/w,  I  would  add  the  stnaing  in  the 
ears  which  precedes  or  accompanies  faintness ;  as 
in  the  phrase  of  Sappho,  fiotififvaip  8'  iucood  fiot, 

W.  B.  C. 

"  The  Pursxtit  op  Pleasure  "  (4»»»  S.  iv.  254.) 
The  lines  which  occur  in  the  key-plate  of  Noel 
Paton's  picture,  "The  Pursuit  of  Pleasure,"  are 
by  Shelley,  and  will  be  found  among  his  "  Miscel- 
laneous Poems  "  (written  in  1821).  Moxon's  one- 
volume  edition,  8vo,  1840,  p.  292. 

William  Bates. 

DuNMow  Flitch  (4^^  S.  iv.  262.)— At  a 
beautiful  fete  given  at  Ivy  Lodge,  Highgate,  in 
1830,  by  the  Duchess  of  St  Al  ban's,  previously 
Mrs.  Coutts  (Harriet  Mellon),  1  well  remember 
the  saying :  — 

**  He  that  repents  bim  not  of  his  marriage  in  a  year  and 

a  day, 
Either  sleeping  or  waking, 
May  lawfully  go  to  Dun  mow  and  fetch  a  gammon  of 

bacon." 

Her  grace  was  happy  to  malte  it  known  by 
offering  the  hereditary  Grand  Falconer  a  flitch  of 
bacon.  P.  A.  L. 

The  revival  of  this  ancient  ceremony  in  1857 
deserves  more  than  tho  passing  notice  of  your 
intelligent  correspondent  Hermann  Kindt.  I 
was  then  residing  in  Essex,  and  an  intimate  trust- 
worthy acquaintance  was  present  at  the  ceremony. 
I  also  possess  a  cutting  from  a  contemporary 
newspaper,  the  Essex  Herald,  describing  the  pro- 
ceedings. On  this  occasion,  Mr.  Harrison  Ains- 
worth  presiding,  two  pairs  of  claimants  appeared, 
Thomas  Jeremiah  and  Sarah  Heard,  John  Nichols 
and  Ann  Sophia  Hawkins.    To  the  former  couple 


was  presented  the  historic  flitch ;  to  the  lattor  a 
more  prosaic  offering — a  pair  of  sugar-tongs.  The 
celebration  was  marked  by  the  usual  amount  of 
tomfoolery,  but  it  is  worthy  of  notice  that  in  oth«r 
respects  it  was  of  superior  character  to  the  cele^ 
bration  of  the  present  year  of  grace,  1869.  Neither 
the  newspapers  nor  my  informant  were  able  to 
detect  anything  worse  than  "  antiquated  folly ''  in 
any  of  the  proceedings.  JuxiA  Tubbim. 

Parrots  (4«'»  S.  iii.  654;  iv.  286.)— I  thank 
Mr.  G.  Lloyd  for  his  answer  to  my  query,  though 
it  still  leaves  the  main  question  where  it  was : 
that  is,  it  throws  no  light  on  the  difficulty  of 
telling  the  sex  of  these  birds.  There  may  be  a 
difference  of  plumage  in  parrots  of  other  kinds 
and  colours ;  but  1  confined  my  query  to  the 
common  ash-coloured,  or  gray  parrot,  with  a  red 
tail.  There  is  certainly  no  external  mark  of 
plumage,  or  of  any  other  kind,  by  which  the  aeX 
can  be  determined.  As  1  mentioned  before,  some 
have  asserted  that  the  male  bird  of  all  kinds  of 
parrots  holds  its  food  in  its  right  foot,  and  the 
female  in  its  left.  But  this  I  gave  strong  reasons, 
from  observation  and  experience,  for  disDelievinff^ 
and  Mr.  Lloyd  so  far  confirms  what  I  advance^ 
by  infoiTuing  us  that  his  parrot,  which  he  belieret 
to  be  a  female,  uses  the  right  claw  to  bold  iti 
food.  He  sa^s,  rather  inaccurately,  that  it  wOl 
''  take  food  with  the  left ";  for  these  birds  never 
take  any  thing  first  with  either  foot,  but  always 
with  the  bill,  from  which  they  directly  tranarar 
it  to  one  foot.  If  I  might  venture  to  offer  him 
my  advice  for  the  preservation  of  his  pairots 
health,  I  should  recommend  him  never  to  ffiTe 
her  meat,  not  even  a  bone.  F.  C.  U. 

Natural  Inheritance  (4***  S.  iv.  182,  246.) — 
Allow  me  to  remark  that  I  did  not  say  I  had 
traced  the  pedigree  to  which  Heruentbubx  ob- 
jects. I  copied  it  from  one  drawn  up  by  the  late 
Lord  Famham,  who  told  me  he  had  taken  the 
earlier  generations  from  VAri  de  VSrifier  k* 
Dates, 

Perhaps  Hermentruds  is  right,  but  it  is 
hardly  fair  to  present  a  pedigree  for  acceptanoe 
in  which  the  words  "probably  daughter  of  "  oocor 
twice.  Edhuxd  M.  Botul 

Sir  Roger  Prideaitx  and  Elizabeth  Cuf- 
roRD  (4**"  S.  iv.  207.) — The  communication  signed 
W.  P.  P.  appears  to  start  a  new  question,  whether 
there  was  an}'  marriage  between  a  Sir  Koeer 
Prideaux  and  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  Jonn 
Clifford.  He  quotes  a  "  pedigree  of  the  Prideaoz 
family/'  by  which  I  sunpose  that  he  means  one 
in  MS. ;  from  which,  however,  I  suspect  that 
some  lines  have  been  passed  over  so  as  to  jump 
from  Sir  Ralph  Prideaux,  who  married  Elixabeth 
Treverbyn,  to  Sir  Roger  his  grandson. 

W.  P.  P.  does  not  mention  whai  the  pedigree 
in  question  is ;  but  apparently  he  refers  to  that 


<•tS.IV.  OcT.23,'fl9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


345 


iCingsbrid^e  (boru  June  6,  1707,  died  Jan.  3, 
177^)  from  the  Viaitations,  &c.  There  are  aevernl 
tratiscri^ts  of  this  pedigree  with  or  without  ad- 
ditions in  the  iiandfl  of  tho  descendants  of  that 
Cieorge  Pridenux ;  but  iiutil  I  saw  the  communi- 
cation of  W.  P.  P.,  I  Wii3  not  aware  that  there 
■were  alao  (as  it  appcu's  is  the  case)  copies  or 
e-itnicts  in  the  hands  of  others. 

Of  Peter  PriJeau.t,  ICnifrht,  this  pedigree  says : 

'■  lie  vfus  liiing  .\j>.  1314  [not  1214  as  given  ^Y 
W.  !■.  P.J  He  left  i^sue  Sir  Kalph  P.,  Knight,  who 
married  Elixabclb,  (Iniighler  ami  one  of  the  cohelressca  of 
Walter  Treverb^D,  Ei^.  [He  ilieil  in  the  16th  Tear  o( 
King  Edward  II.,  leading  iiaaa  Kir  Roger  P.,  Knighl, 
n-bo  married  l^iiabcth,  <luugliter  and  heiress  of  Sir  J  ohn 
CUIford,  Knight],  and  had  idsuc  Roger  and  Jobu." 

I  have  enclosed  [1  the  lines  which  seem  to  be 
passed  by  in  Vt',  P.  I'.'d  transcript.  L^lius. 

Low  SiDK  Windows  (S""  S.  si.  300.)— HftTing 
been  informed  by  a  friend  that  a  particular  com- 
tuunicatiun  on  this  ifHilium  iciaiii  gaasti'o  9/03  to 
be  found  in  a  bacli  number  of  "N.  &y.,"  and  being 
much  interested  in  the  subject,  I  have  made 
s(>arch  for  the  same.  1  find  that  it  occurred  in 
the  number  for  May  11,  1887,  in  tho  form  of  a 
letter  from  STr.  Joh.n"  Piqqot,  Jvs.,  who  inquires 
whether  anything  more  can  be  said  on  a  theory 
there  cited  from  a  communication  made  to  the 
GeHtlemoH's  Mayazinc  so  long  ago  as  Dee.  1861, 
under  the  signature  of  J.  S.  That  communica- 
tion was  made  by  myself,  and  the  theory  which 
I  there  propounded  was,  that  these  singular  low- 
aide  windows  were  for  the  purpose  of  ringing  a 
bell  out  of  them  at  the  eloviition  of  the  host,  in 
order  that  those  without  might  join  iu  the  wor- 
ship. I  beg  to  inform  your  coireapondent  Mb. 
PiaooT,  that  I  still  adhere  to  that  theory,  and 
that  I  have  been  confirmed  iu  my  view  by  sub- 
sequent investigation,  but  especially  by  the  fol- 
lowing constitution  of  Archbishop  Peckham,  a.d. 


1281:- 


1  ipsii 


corporis  Domini  pulaetur 
populare?,  quihn^  cclebnitloni 
!,  ubicunque  fue- 


'  tioD  of  this  translation  there  appeared  another  in 
Good  Wordi,  entitled  "The  Laplander's  Song," 
the  original  being  "  Lappens  SSng,"  by  Fran^fin.* 

G.  A.  SCHBUMPF. 

^Vhilby. 

Punt  Naheb  (4'"  S.  iv.  264).  — My  mother 
fliwaya  called  some  water-side  plant  (  I  think 
Vakriana  qfficinatU)  "  codlings-and-cream,"  and 
this  may  possibly  be  the  "curds-and-cream"  of 
Ma.  BHiriBs'a  inquiry. 

I  do  not  think  the  rustic  information  as  to 
plant  names  is  always  very  truatworthy;  and  I 
tear  that  the  rising  generation  aje  often  progatiei 
vitiotior  in  this  matter. 

Not  long  since,  I.chanced  to  be  driving  along 
with  a  Dorsetshire  boy  beside  me,  when  we  came 
to  some  blue-hell  squills  (SciUa  nutmu),  and  I 
asked  him  what  their  name  was.  Without  any 
hesitation  he  answered,  as  I  expected  him  to  do, 
"Gramfer  grejgles."  A  little  further  on,  how- 
ever, we  came  to  some  plants  of  the  LychttU 
diuma,  and  I  repeated  my  question  ;  and,  to  my 
sunrise,  received  precisely  the  same  answer. 
"  What  I "  I  continued,  "  they  cannot  both  be 
gtamfer  greygles's ! "  "  Yes,  sir,"  he  said,  "  they 
bo;  only  these  be  red  gramfer  greygles's,  anii 
totheis  be  bbie  gramfer  greygles's." 

C.  W,  BntoHAM. 

QoBTHE  (4'"  S.  iv.  257.)— Speaking  of  Goethe, 
it  may  interest  the  admiren  of  that  mighty  genius 
to  read  a  French  letter  of  his,  addressed  to  a  kin- 
dred spirit,  Madame  de  Stael,  who,  then  an  exile, 
bitterly  regretting  "  son  ruisseau  de  la  rue  dn 
Bac,"  was  going  to  Weimar,  there  to  study  Ger- 
man literature  with  snch  master-minds  as  Goethe, 
Wieland,  and  Schiller,  preparatory  to  publishing 
her  celewrated  work  L' Allenuupie,  in  which  she 
f^ve  one  an  insight  of  the  spirit,  the  manners,  the 
literature,  and  philosophy  of  a  country  at  that 
time  badly  appreciated  m  Franve ;  — 

"  Jeni,  ce  19  d^.  1803. 
"Nod,  madame,  ce  oe  sera  pas  voua  qui  fcrez,  par 
ces  neigea,  le  petit  ir"  --'-  "  — '  "    '  "  " 


I  may  add  that  side-windows  of  about  and 
nfter  the  date  of  this  constitution  are  very  general, 
earlier  ones  very  rai'e  and  doubtful.  J.  S. 

Sheffield. 

Ak  ryicKKowLBiMiKD  I'oEii  OF  Tennyson 
(4""  S.  iv.  L>7tl.) — "  T."  stands,  or  at  any  rate 
ought  to  stand,  for  "  translated."  The  Laureate's 
name,  1  believe,  is  always  given  in  full  in  Oood 
tf'ordi.  "  Birds  of  Passage ''  is  a  free  translation 
of  a  charming  poem  bv  Stagnelius,*  entitled 
"  Flytlfoglame."     Some  time  before  the  publica- 


irendre  le  diner  chez  moi,  avee 
t  Tons  seriez  itlremeDt  conleot* 


(lie)  id.  Samedi  je  t 
j  etpfere  que  vous  voudrez 
M'  et  M.d.  de  SchillCT. 
9'accToit  de  joor  en  jonr, 

d'un  ancian  ami,  ei  voua  pouviez  lire  ce  qui  puse  ei  re- 
posse  dana  mon  ime.     Adieu  done  jusqu'iBaniedi,juBqu'li 

dr.slin^,  et  que  j'larots  fait  lundi  le  petit  voyage  dans 
votre  voiture.  I)e  ces  precieux  momena  je  ne  voadrois 
perdre  qne  le  moins  ppasiblc.  Peut-etre  vons  nt  puisez  piS 
que  c'eet   on   ami   [imporloD  ,or  exlgesnt]  qui  tb  ■■ 

"  Sll  eat  possible  je  vous  emmiae  M'  Staifc. 

"  GOXTBB." 

I       •  Fnna  Hikael  Fraoi^  (1772-1M7),  a  gifBt  SwedlA 
I    theologiaii,  hiatorian,  and  poet.    Hii  poem  "  Suis  Utvti 
GrefvaCreatz"isreclUH)eato  be  theti«at,«iid  oEtuned 
tha  prlia  awanUd  by  the  Swedish  Acadenjr. 


346 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«kS.iy.  OoT.t8,1Bt. 


As  regards  portraits  of  this  "  altlssimo  poet4," 
I  have  several  before  me: — 1.  In  his  youth,  with 
the  hair  curled  ^  la  Lotas  XVy  "  nach  einer  Kadi- 
rung  v.  Oeser,  1708" — showing  a  finely  shaped 
profile  and  an  intellectual  eye;  2.  Two  other 
profiles,  in  his  middle  age  — the  one  an  engrav- 
ing by  R.  Cooper,  the  other  a  lithograph,  the 
most  pleasing  of  the  two ;  3.  One  nearly  in  pro- 
file, with  the  hair  brushed  upwards,  engraved  in 
1831  by  Blanchard  after  David  d' Anger's  colossal 
head,  which  is  at  Weimar;  4.  A  full-face  by 
Schwerdgeburth ;  5.  A  lithograph  by  Eugfene 
Delacroix,  vrith  braided  coat,  three-quarter  face, 
looking  sideways ;  G.  The  full-length  pen  sketch 
(Mr.  Wh.  Bat£s  alludes  to),  after  Stieler  of 
Munich,  with  a  hat  that  certainly  never  belonged 
to  that  head — it  fully  justifies.  I  fear,  the  descrip- 
tion given  of  the  '^wretchea  old  clothesman  ; 
7.  The  somewhat  stifi'  statue  at  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main,  his  native  town;  and  8.  A  lithograph  by 
J.  B.  Scholl,  Goethe's  last  moments,  on  March  22, 
1832.    Are  any  better  ones  known  ?       P.  A.  L. 

*'  Whitby  :   a  Poem,"  by  Samuel  Jones  (4'*» 

S.  iii.  606.) — n.  B.'s  inquiry  not  having  elicited 

any  response,  1  send  you  the  following  excerpt 

from  the  Whitby  Repository ,  a  monthly  periodical 

(ii.  06)  for  September,  1867  :  — 

"  No  writer  has  caused  so  much  anxiety  to  the  Whitby 
bookhunters  as  Mr.  Samuel  Jones,  Gent.,  who  gave  to  the 
world  a  collection  of  poems  which  is  yet  to  the  fore.  But 
it  appears  a  certain  Mr.  Andrew  Long  was  afflicte<l  with 
jaundice,  and  was  cured  by  the  healing  waters  of  Whitby 
Spa.  The  theme  inspired  the  muse  of  Mr.  Samuel  Jones, 
Gent,  and  forthwith  the  musical  harp  was  strung  to  the 
tune  of  *  Whitby :  a  Poem  occasioned  bv  Mr.  Andrew 
Long's  recovery  from  Jaundice  by  drinking  of  Whitby 
Spa  Waters,  8vo,  1718.'  And  what  of  this  said  poem  ? 
Ah !  there's  the  rub !  whether  it  was  never  printed,  or 
whether  it  was  prohibited,  or  whether  some  rival  Spa, 
envious  of  the  glory  of  Whitby  as  a  curer  of  Jaundice, 
bought  up,  burnt,  or  otherwise  destroyed  every  copy,  or 
indeed  whatever  chance  happened  to  it,  we  come  to  the 
same  point  that  Whitby:  a  Poem  is  lost  and  no  man 
knoweth  where  it  has  gone.  So  that  we  may  advise  our 
friends  that,  if  in  their  travels  thev  should  find  it,  they 
will  greatly  relieve  the  minds  of  t&e  philosophers  down 
the  Pier,  and  be  reckoned  second  only  to  Cook  as  dis- 


coverers. 


The  rarity  of  this  book  is  thus  confirmed  by  a 
local  authority,  and  1  trust  that  this  second  men- 
tion of  the  work  may  yet  prove  successful  in  dis- 
coyering  the  existence  of  a  copy  of  it. 

A  YoRESniREMAN. 

RiPON  Spurs  (4»J»  S.  iv.  216.) —  Your  corre- 
spondent J.  G.  N.  gives  April  15  as  the  day  on 
which  King  James  came  to  Eipon.  In  a  small 
Hidory  of  RipoHf  published  in  1806  by  W.Farrer 
of  that  place,  appears  the  following  statement: — 

^August  16th,  1617.  King  James  the  First  was  at 
Ripon,  on  his  way  to  Scotland,  where  he  stopped  all  night, 
and  lodged  at  a' Mr.  George  Dawson's.  After  being  ad- 
dressed by  Thomas  Proctor,  Esq.,  the  recorder,  in  a  speech 
adapted  to  the  occasion,  he  was  presented  by  the  mayor, 


in  the  name  of  the  corporation,  with  a  gilt  bowl  and  a 
pair  of  Kipon  spurs,  of  the  value  of  five  poanda, '  whicih ' 
(savs  an  apparently  contemporary  maniiscript)  'gave 
such  contentment  to  his  majesty,  that  hia  highinMi  did 
wear  the  same  at  his  departure  from  the  said  town  tho 
day  following.' " 

The  following  appears  as  a  foot-note :  — 

"  Kipon  spurs  were  of  such  repute  that  *  aa  true  steel  m 
Ripon  rowels'  became  proverbial  when  speaking  of  a  man 
of  intrepidity,  honesty,  or  fidelity." 

In  the  quotation  from  the  Staple  of  Newes  jour 

correspondent  A.  O.  V.  P.  spoils  the  name  of  the 

town  Mipony  whereas  I  believe  it  is  spelt  hj  Ben 

Jonson  Rippon,    The  same  correspondent  m  hia 

quotation    from    Davenant   represents   the  wire 

headed  with  rowels,  whereas  the  words  as  oooted 

by  the  late  Mr.  Walbran,  in  his  Guide  to  Ilipomf 

are, — 

"  Whip  me  with  wire,  headed  with  rowels  of  diaip 
Rippon  spurs." 

E.  D.  Dawson-Duffield,  LIi.D. 

Hans  Carvel"  (4'»»  S.  iv.  255.)— Your  reply  to 
Mr.  Charles  Wylie's  query  shows  how  latelT 
Prior*s  coarse  version  of  tms  story  has  been  printei 
The  French  version  by  La  Fontaine  has  been  re- 
printed many  times  in  the  various  editions  of  hie 
Contes  et  Nouvelles,  certainly  as  recently  aa  1861 
and  1867. 

I^a  Fontaine  seems  to  have  thought  Rabelaii 
the  author  of  the  tale,  but  it  is  much  older.  It 
first  occurs  in  Poggio  (tit  Atmuhu),  and  subao- 
quently  in  the  Cent  Nouvelles  Nouveues  (Na  XL): 
Ariosto  {Sat.  V.) ;  the  Aw/w/feof  Malespini  (rio.  W 
of  Part  II.) ;  and  Rabelais  (PanJtaaruel^  Ub.  uu 
c.  28).     See  Menagiana,  ed.  1713,  iii.  270. 

MOUNI  AKD  GBBXir. 
27,  Sing  William  Street,  Strand. 

''Gave  out"  (4«»»  S.  iv.  263.)— Perhaps  in 

serious  writing,  this  expression  may  be  deemed  an 

Americanism ;  but  it  still  lingers  in  the  Temaeolir 

of  our  western  counties.    Mr.  Barnes,  in  his  (7 to* 

sary  of  the  Dorset  dialect,  thus  explains  it :  — 

*'  Gi'e  out.  To  give  out;  to  give  up  a  poisuit;  to 
cease,  from  inabilitv  to  hold  on  any  longer;  to  fkfl, 
especially  as  a  weak  part.    *  My  lags  da  begin  to  fff% 

out.'" 

And  he  has  also  illustrated  it  by  one  of  tlie 
sweetest  of  his  sweet  poems  (first  collectiQil| 
p.  119),  entitled  "  Rivers  don't  n*e  out" 

(3.  W.  BnroHAir. 

Fastioium  (4'>'  S.  iv.  274.)— I  think  then  ia 
very  good  authority  for  holding  that  vediyiunif  the 
simple  root  of  our  word  vestige,  has  very  ofteiiy  in 
the  best  writers,  the  meaning  of  relics,  or  remauu, 
especially  in  the  plural.  In  Cicero,  Tu8cuiim,Dup,p 
lib.  iv.  2,  we  find  **  Vestigia  autem  Pythagoie- 
orum  quamquam  multa  colligi  possunti^  panciA 
tamen  utimur.*'  Again,  De  Legibu^  lib.  iL  2 :  — 
<<  Movemur  enim  nescio  quo  pacto  locia  ijpa%  In 
quibua  eorum,  quaa  diligimua,  aut  adminunnTy 


4"»S.  IV.  Oct.  23/69.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


347 


adsunt  vestigia."  Tacitus,  Ann,  "  Manebant 
etiam  tiim  vestigia  morientis  libertatis.'*  In  the 
use  of  these  words,  put  in  apposition,  I  seem  to 
see  a  sly  allusion  to  the  altered  position  of  the 
stone.  Once  the  crown  of  the  building,  I  am 
lowered  to  the  place  of  its  foundation  stone.  For- 
merly the  witness  of  a  work  completed,  I  am  now 
but  the  solitary  evidence  that  it  has  ever  been. 
Mr.  Bingham  will  excuse  me  for  remarking  that 
fastiyiuyn  could  never  sustain  this  meaniog. 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

The  point  of  the  inscription  cited  by  Mr.  Bing- 
ham consists  in  the  antitnesis  between  the  former 
and  present  position  or  destination  of  the  stone  : 
*^  Once  aloft,  now  adown :  I  that  was  of  old  a 
pinnacle,  am  now  become  a  foot-stool ! "  Thus 
the  word  "relic,"  as  suggested,  is  not  required, 
nor  could  it  be  signified  by  the  term  in  question. 

William  Bates. 

BirmiDgham. 

Stone  Altar  {V-""  S.  iv.  275.)— This  object  is 
not  noticed  in  the  Archaoloffia  Cantiana,  The 
only  account  I  liave  seen  of  it,  since  Hasted'e,  is 
the  following  from  Murray's  admirable  Hand- 
hook :  — 

"  In  the  garden  of  tlie  vicarafje  at  Stone  is  preserved 
an  ancient  altar  (liritoltomau  ?),  which,  before  its  re- 
moval there,  had,  time  out  of  mind,  been  kept  in  the 
church.  It  had  figures  of  oxen  on  its  lour  sides,  only 
one  of  which  is  now  perfect.  At  tlie  foot  is  an  iron  ring, 
for  securing  the  victims  (V) ;  and  vestiges  of  the  iron 
lining  to  the  basin  existed  until  very  recently.  This 
altar  seems  to  illustrate  the  name  of  the  district,  *  Oxney,* 
the  cattle-island." 

George  Bedo, 

G,  Pulross  Road,  Brixton. 

John  Monins  (4*'^  S.  ii.  393.) — An  abstract  of 
the  will  of  **  John  Monyngs,  Lieut,  of  the  Castle 
of  Dover,"  is  printed  iii  Testamenta  Vetiuta 
(p.  742) ;  from  which  it  is  clear  that  his  wife  was 
named  Jane,  that  Hasted's  list  of  the  Lieutenants 
of  Dover  Castle  is  incomplete,  and  that  Bigland's 
pedigree  of  Monins  is  inaccurate.  Tewars. 

Medicinal  Spring  at  Dulwich  (4***  S.  iv.  233, 
284.) — I  am  well  acquainted  with  Sydenham  and 
its  neighbourhood — my  first  acquaintance  with 
it  dating  about  the  year  1820,  and  extending  over 
many  years.  I  believe  there  is  some  confusion 
between  Dulwich  and  Sydenham  in  the  account 
contributed  by  J.  A.  G.  The  old  well  at  Syden- 
ham still  existed  in  1820,  though  already  disused  ] 
and  I  believe  that  "The  Green  Man'*  was,  at  an 
earlier  date,  the  sign  of  a  house  of  entertainment 
at  Sydenham.  There  may  have  been  a  "  Green 
Man "  and  a  medicinal  spring  at  Dulwich  also ; 
but  the  comparatively  imperfect  knowledge  which 
existed  sixty  or  eighty  years  ago  of  the  environs 
of  London  inclines  me  to  doubt  it.  At  that  time 
all  the  district  now  called  Upper  Sydenham,  and 
at  present  closely  built  over,  was  open  common, 


and  is.  still  recognised  as  ''  Sydenham  Common '' 
by  some  of  the  older  inhabitants.  I  have  heard 
my  father  say  that  he  used  to  come  out  to  Syden- 
ham Common  for  a  field  day  with  the  lloyal 
Artillery  Volunteers  of  George  III.'s  time.  I  am 
the  more  inclined  to  think  that  the  reference  to 
Dulwich  is  a  mistake  of  Brayley*s,  because  he  is 
certainly  wrong  about  Honour  Oak.  Honour  Oak 
Hill,  which  takes  its  name  from  the  old  tree,  lies 
to  the  right  of  the  road  leading  down  from  the 
highest  part  of  Forest  Hill  to  Peckham,  and  ia 
quite  away  from  Dulwich. 

Nuper  Devoniensis. 

Answers  to  Queries  (1"  S.  x.  100;  4'**  S.  iv. 
117.) — The  quotation  by  your  correspondent  T.  H. 
may  be  found  in  a  poem  called  the  Shunamite, 
by  the  now  forgotten  "Thresher  Poet"  Stephen 
Duck;  of  whose  poems  (although  only  publicly 
read  before  her  Majesty  Queen  Caroline  at  Wind- 
sor Castle  on  Sept.  11,  1730)  a  seventh  edition 
was  called  for  by  the  public  before  the  end  of 
that  year. 

Like  Shakespeare,  Milton,  Byron,  Shelley, 
Wycherley,  Addison,  and  other  eminent  poetical 
geniuses,  poor  Duck,  from  a  short  account  of  his 
life  prefixed  to  his  Works,  appears  to  have  been  a 
fellow  "almost  damn'd  in  a  fair  wife,"  "nut 
being  able  to  give  his  yoke-mate  that  satisfaction 
and  content  which  a  weak  mind  with  a  vigorous 
constitution  is  generally  apt  to  do." 

The  following  extracts  from  a  copy  "of  an 
ingenious  piece"  of  a  contemporary  poet  on 
Stephen  Duck  may  be  here  found  interesting :  — 

"  Oh  Duck !  preferred  by  bounteous  Queen, 
To  cackle  verse  on  Richmond  Green ;  * 
Wild  Duck  in  genius !  you  on  high  '\ 

Soar  with  bold  wing :  our  rhyming  fry         > 
Are  tame  ones,  and  not  made  to  fly."  J 

And  again,  by  another  hand :  — 

**  Old  Homer,  the*  a  bard  divine 
(If  not  by  fame  bely*d), 
Stroird  about  Greece,  old  ballade  sung, 
A  beggar  liv'd  and  dy*d. 

<*  Fam*d  Milton,  too,  our  British  bard, 
Who  as  divinely  wrote, 
Sang  as  an  angel,  but  in  vain. 
And  dy'd  not  worth  a  groat. 

<<  Thrice  happy  Duck !  a  milder  fate 
Thy  genius  does  attend : 
Well  hast  thou  thresh'd  th^  barns  and  brains, 
To  make  a  Queen  thy  friend." 

H.H. 
Portsmouth. 

Bensdictike  Hostels  at  Oxpord  (4**»  S.  iv. 
172,  244.)— Cleveland,  in  his  Hiitory  of  the 
Courtenay  Family,  says  that  the  Red  vers,  Earls 

*  Queen  Caroline  granted  Duck  a  pension  of  dOf. 
per  annum,  and  a  small  house  on  Richmond  Green  to 
dwell  in.  (  Vide  tide-page  to  the  seventh  edition  of  his 
Worki.-) 


348 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«'S.iy.  0cfT.s8»<«i. 


of  Devon,  bore  foT  their  arms  "  Gules  a  griffin  , 
seizing  a  little  beast  or,"  till  the  time  of  Richard, 
fifth  earl  (who  died  s,  j?.  1 184),  who  changed  the 
arms  to  "  Or  a  lion  rampmt  azure,  armed  and 
languod  gules."  Might  not  this  vague  "little  I 
beast"  (which  I  have  seen  represented  somewhat 
like  a  lizard)  have  dwindled  into  the  "large 
roundlet "  mentioned  bv  ]).  P.  ? 

'  "     Edmund  M.  Boyle. 

Nose-Slittinq  (4}^  S.  iii.  597.)—"  The  punish- 
ment of  such  libellers  is  fine  and  such  corporal 
punishment  as  the  Court  in  its  discretion  shall 
inflict."  (Ilale,  P.C  i.  IOC.)  Some  punishments 
occasion  a  mutilation  by  dismembering  or  cutting 
off  the  ears:  others,  for  a  lasting  sti^na  on  the 
offender,  by  slitting  his  nostrils.  (Blackstone, 
iv.  377.)  I'unishments  of  mutilation,  though  not 
quite  unknown  to  the  Knglish  law,  had  been  of 
rare  occurrence,  principally  under  sentence  of  the 
Star  Chamber,  (llallam^,  Const,  Hist,  ch.  viii.)  j 
But  Gates  lost  Iiis  ears  forty  years  after  the  aboli- 
tion of  the  Star  Chamber. 

George  Selwyn,  seeing  Wilkes  listening  to  the  | 
reading  of  the  king's  speech  before  delivery,  quoted  I 
from  the  Ditnciad : — 

**  So  may  the  fates  preserve  the  ears  vou  lend," 

Mason  wrote : — 

"  Witness  ye  Halls,  ye  John-^ons,  Scotts,  SUebbearcs,      • 
Ilarlc  to  my  call,  for  some  of  you  have  ears."  ' 

So  Junius,  in  his  preface :  "  Cutting  of  ears  and 
noses  miffht  still  be  inflicted  by  a  resolute  judge."  , 
In  1770,  therefore,  such  punishments  existed  | 
in  terrorem,  although  they  were  not  actually  in-  ! 
flicted.  Have  they  ever  been  actually  abolished  , 
by  statute  P  Could  Sir  A.  Cockburn  order  such  a  i 
punishment  now  ?  J.  Wilkixs,  B.C.L.    ' 

Franking  Ni:wspapebs  (4*»»  S.  iv.  210.)— The 
following  extracts  from  Timperley's  Dictionary  of  \ 
Printers  and  Printing  may  prove  interesting  to 

"17C3.  An  Act  was  passed  permitting  newspapers  to 
be  sent  and  received  free  by  members  of  both  Ilouscs  of 
Parliament,  provided  tliey**were  Figned  on  the  outside 
by  the  hand  of  the  member,'  or  *  directed  to  any  member 
at  any  place  whereof  he  should  have  given  notice,  in 
writing,  to  the  Post-Master  General.* " 

*  1802,  June  22.  An  Act  was  passed  for  regulating  the 
franking  and  postage  of  newspapers.  By  this  Act  the 
regulation  requiring  members  of  Parliament  to  give 
notice  of  the  place  to  which  newspapers  might  be  ad- 
dressed to  them  fell  into  disuse,  and  if  a  member's  name 
only  appeared  upon  the  cover,  they  were  sent  free  to  all 
parts  of  the  United  Kingdom.  The  free  trans?nission  of 
newspapers  by  the  post  was  thus  virtually  thrown  open 
to  the  public,  and  the  origin  of  the  establishment  of 
agents  amongst  printers,  booksellers,  and  others,  for  the 
supply  of  newspai>ers  by  post,  may  be  dated  from  this 
period." 

F.  N.  G. 

CoBHAM  Family  (4*»»  8.  iv.  197.)— Hebmew- 
TRUDE  will  find  that  Sir  Ralph  Cobham^  whose 


widow,  Mnnr  de  Hoos,  mamed  Thomas  of  Brothel^ 
ton,  Earl  of  No^olk,  was  a  younger  son  of  8b 
John  Cobham,  of  Cobham^  a  Baron  of  the  Ex- 
chequer; who  died  1300.  Their  son.  Sir  Jobii 
made  his  estate  to  Edward  III.,  ana  died  «.|k 
1377.  (  Viile  Blomefield's  Norfolk,  iL  230.)  & 
appears  to  have  relinquished  his  paternal  ooat  lor 
Arg.  a  lion  rampant,  cheeky  or  and  as.,  laagned 
and  armed  gules. 

The  first  of  the  Devonshire  family  was  a  brother 
of  the  above  Sir  Ralph — John  Cobnami  of  Black- 
borougli,  in  right  ot  his  wife  Amicia,  daughter 
and  heir  of  James  fiolhay.     ^Pole's  Devon.') 

There  is  an  imperfect  pedigree — wanting  the 
page  with  the  stem  itself— in  Glover's  hand  at  the 
end  of  Harl.  MS.  G157,  which  seems  to  have  been 
compiled,  with  the  assistance  of  his  notes,  fiom 
the  fauiilv  chartular}'  (printed  in  CuU,  Top,  d 
Gen.)  This  gives  the  branches  of  Sterborong^ 
and  j31ackborough,  but  the  former  is  not  altiH 
^'ether  satisfactory,  and  a  better  pedigree  will  be 
lound  at  the  end  of  one  of  the  volumes  of  Sic 
Harris  Nicolas's  useful  Index  Heredmn  m  Imqwi 
sitionUnt^  post-mortem  (Add.  MSS.  19^04-6). 
There  is  a  good  account  of  the  Cobhams  b^ThjiiM 
in  Holiushed's  Chron.  iii.  1400,  and  pedigrees  br 
Glover  (Ilarl.  MS.  807,  70  b),  and  by  Hartad 
(Add.  MS.  10,270.)  A.  S,  Elub. 

Brompton. 

"Bboided  Hair":   1  Tim.  ii.  9  (4*  S.  w. 

251.) — I  send  you  the  reading  of  this  pnniMflCi 

from  all  the  old  large  folios  within  my  reach  ^— 

15CG.  Tendon,  Queen's  Printer,  "  broydred." 
1568.  London,  (Queen's  Printer,  "  brayded." 
1572.  London,  Queen's  Printer,  "  braydred." 
1578.  London,  (Queen's  Printer,  •*  broid«l." 
1595.  London,  Queen's  Printer, "  braided." 
1GU2.  London,  Queen's  Printer,  "  braided." 
1611.  London,  Kin^s  Printer,  "broided." 
1638.  Cambridge,  Lniversity  Printer,  ••  broidred.** 
1 674.  Cambridge,  Univennty  Prhiter,  "  broidred." 
1679.  Amsterdam,  "  broidred." 

The  present  eq[uivrtlent  of  the  old  *'  braided " 


is  certamlv  "  br.dded. 


E.V. 


There  can  be  no  doubt  that  in  1  Tim.  iL  8^ 
hroidercd  has  crept  into  the  later  editions  of  the 
Authorised  Version  by  a  printer's  enror.  I  luKTB 
called  attention  to  this  fact  in  my  BibU  TFM- 
Book,  In  the  edition  of  1611  the  reading  is 
braided.  The  Cambridge  edition  of  1637  is  the 
first  in  which  1  have  mot  with  brffidred,  but  it 
may  possibly  occur  earlier.  The  true  mdiiiff 
is  retained  at  least  as  late  as  1630  in  Barban 
l^ible.  That  the  misprint  is  an  eas^  one  is  evi- 
dent from  tlie  fact  that  in  1  Pet.  iiL  3,  hm^tkif 
which  is  the  reading  of  the  Geneva  New  llesfei- 
ment  of  1557,  and  which  is  retained  at  least  ai 
late  as  the  edition  of  1579,  becomes  brvidentd  ia 
the  edition  of  1509.  That  braided,  which  «g"?flfla 
braided  or  plaitedj  was  intentionally  altered  ta 
broidered,  wnich  signifies  embraideredf  or  Hiat  tha 


4«»  S  IV.  Oct.  23,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


a49 


two  words  had  the  same  meaning,  I  cannot  allow. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  Mr.  Cowper  or  any  one 
should  have  thought  it  advisable  to  sacrifice  ac- 
coracy  to  consistency  in  retaining  the  reading 
broidercdf  which  is  a  mere  corruption.  In  illus- 
tration of  the  usage  of  hroidcd  I  have  quoted  from 
Tyrwhitt's  Chaucer,  Canterbury  TaleSy  1.  1051 :  — 
"  Hire  yelwe  here  was  hroided  in  a  trcssc." 

William  Aldis  Wright. 

Trin.  Cell.  CarabriJgo. 

*'  Notched  Tukxiicks  "  (4»f  S.  iv.  196,  283.) 
Not  having  Dry  den  at  hand,  I  cannot  refer  to  the 
text ;  but  it  seems  to  me  pretty  evident  that  by 
the  term  "notched  'prentices  ''  he  alludes  to  the 
indentures  by  which  apprentices  are  bound  to 
their  masters ;  which,  as  every  one  knows,  are 
cut  irregularly  at  the  top,  and  so  might  bo  called 
"  notched."    "  F.  C.  II. 

Your  correspondent  James  K.  inquires  as  to 
chastisement  inflicted  of  old  time  by  masters  on 
their  "  ^prentices."  Some  of  your  readers  will  bo 
able,  I  trust,  to  throw  light  on  this  not  uninter- 
esting question.  But  the  masters  (at  least  in 
London)  were  not  left  to  rely  on  their  own  phy- 
sical strength ;  there  was  BrideweUy  and  there 
were  beadles  in  it.  In  what  way  and  with  what 
instruments  were  the  whippings  administered  in 
Bridewell?  Perhaps  some  survivor  of  the  old 
time  could  tell  us  from  experience  even  now. 
Whether  the  comparative  disuse  of  the  birch  with 

frown  boys  is  a  gain  or  a  loss,  let  those  who  best 
now  the  rising  generation  tell  us.  Suffer  me  to 
put  one  question  to  those  who  hold  that  it  "  de- 
grades "  and  ^'  dispirits ''  big  youths  to  birch  them. 
Nowhere  has  the  birch  rod  been  wielded  with  less 
regard  to  age  and  size  than  at  Eton,  Has  anj'- 
body  ever  observed  Eton  youths  to  be  wanting  in 
spirit  or  in  sense  of  dignity  f  With  an  excess  of 
those  qualities  Etonians  have  been  very  freely  and 
reasonably  charged.  *'  Joseph." 

MEA05  (4'*'  S.  iv.  294.)  —  There  can  be  no 
reason  for  inventing  a  new  sense  for  this  word. 
It  is  not  easy  to  see  in  what  relevant  sense  it  is 
said  to  be  "accented  like  ^t^tsy : "  they  are  both  ac- 
cented as  is  natural  to  them  as  independent  words. 
The  Septuagint  is  of  course  no  authority ;  and  the 
Vulgate  renders  the  word  carmen^  which  is  also 
quite  consistent  with  our  version.  Mouniiny  is  no 
synonyme  for  misenj ;  it  means  here  a  mourning 
8ony.  In  the  Hecuba  /acAoj  yo€p6v,  "  a  sad  song, ' 
is  at  least  as  good  as  "a  sad  misery."  In  the 
TrachinicVj  Dindorf  reads  T«A€a,  not  /xeAca.  In  the 
Sippolytusy  where  the  words  rrddfa  fxt\fa  occur  in 
conjunction,  it  is  evident  that  fi^Kta  not  only 
'*  may,"  but  must  be  an  adjective.      Lyttelton. 

I  take  this  to  be  a  very  comprehensive  term 
indeed,  expressing  almost  the  sumnnan  genus  of 
everything  connected  with  harmony,  whether  of 


words  or  sounds.  It  is  used  not  only  of  poetry 
but  of  music  also — the  tune  as  well  as  the  words  to 
which  it  is  set.  The  /x/aoj  '^ofpbv  of  Euripides, 
Hec.  82,  and  the  "  longum  melos  "  of  Horace, 
Carm,  iii.  4,  may  justly,  1  think,  be  rendered  <//r^ 
=:a  pensive,  mournful  strain,  in  which,  of  course, 
the  notion  of  misery  or  grief  is  necessarily  in- 
volved. I  doubt  much  if  it  is  ever  used  abstract- 
edly of  misery,  or  without  some  connection  with 
poetry  or  music.  The  name  of  the  tragic  muse, 
Melpomene,  a  ^cAirw  a  m<Aos — seems  to  support 
the  view  suggested  by  W.  B.  C. 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

Patching  Rectory,  Arundel. 

The  '* Lady's  Last  Stake"  (4«»  S.  iv.  116. 
304.)  —  This  celebrated  picture,  originally  called 
"Piquet,  or  Virtue  in  Danger,"  belongs  to  the 
Earl  of  Charlemont,  for  whose  grandfather  Ho- 
garth painted  it.  (See  NichoPs  and  Steevens's 
Hogarthf  4to,  1808.)  It  has  never  been  out  of  the 
possession  of  the  family,  and  is  now  at  his  lord- 
ship's Villa  Marino,  near  Dublin,  with  other  works 
of  Hogarth.  D.  W.  D. 

Schiller:  "  The  Soitg  of  the  Bell"  (4**  S. 
iv.  277.)— A  close  and  poetical  version  of  this  in- 
imitable lyric  was  executed  by  the  late  William 
Sotheby.  See  his  Italy  and  other  Poems,  small  8vo, 
London  (Murray),  1828,  p.  225. 

William:  Bates. 

Jem  the  Penman  (4**^  S.  iv.  277.^— As  an 
editorial  reply  has  placed  on  record,  in  such  a 
paper  as  "  N.  &  Q.,"  the  fact  that  this  convicted 
scoundrel  and  forger  had  actually  been  called  to 
the  English  Bar,  I  think  that,  for  the  credit  of 
the  Inner  Temple  and  of  the  Home  Circuit,  the 
Masters  of  the  Bench  of  that  ancient  and  honour- 
able Society  ought  to  explain,  through  the  same 
channel,  how  this  came  to  happen. 

It  is  incredible  that  a  man  of  the  criminal 
classes  should  have  found  his  way  to  such  a  rank 
without  detection :  it  is  eaually  incredible  that 
one  who  belonged  originally  to  the  higher  or 
middle  classes  of  society  should,  after  his  call^ 
have  sunk,  not  merely  into  casual  crime,  but  into 
the  habitual  degradation  of  the  *'  flash-ken." 

A  Barrister. 

Inner  Temple. 

St.  Alkelda  (4***  S.  iv.  297.)  —I  fear  there  is 
no  hope  K>f  recovering  any  particulars  of  the  life 
or  martyrdom  of  this  saint.  She  is  called  also 
Alkilda,  and  Athilda,  and  her  festival  is  on  the 
28th  of  March.  I  regret  to  be  unable  to  supply 
Dr.  Dawson  Dxtffield  with  any  further  informar 
tion  respecting  St.  Alkelda.  F.  C.  H. 

LlEUT.-CoLONEL   COLLTER    (4**»   8.  iv.  157.)^ — 

Mr.  Edmund  M.  Boyle  will  find  the  arms  of 
Colonel  Thomas  CoUieri  lieut.-Govemor  of  Jer- 
sey, in  1703,  depicted  and  described  in  J.  Ber- 


350 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ttS.iy.  0QT.t8,'<l. 


trand  Payne's  Armorial  of  Jersey,  pp.  18-19.  The 
arms  are  sculptured  on  the  keystone  of  an  arch  in 
Elizabeth  Castle,  in  that  island.  Colonel  Collier 
died  in  1715,  and  was  buried  in  the  church  of 
St  Helier.  C^sabiensis. 

Printed  Grants  op  Arms  (3'**  S.  xi.  199,  &c.) 

I  wish  to  add  the  following  to  the  list  I  have 

already  contributed  to  "  N.  &  Q." :  — 

Bacon,  Sir  Nicholas,  February  23,  15G8. — Vicecomitcs 
Norfolciae,  1843,  4to. 

In  the  Miscellanea  Oenealoyica  et  Hcraldica  a 
very  interesting  collection  of  grants,  confirmations, 
and  exemplifications  of  arms  have  been  printed : 
a  list  of  which  would  only  take  up  much  space  in 
your  paper,  I  therefore  refer  your  readers  to  that 
excellent  work.  G.  W.  M. 

Visitor's  Maxim  (4»*»  S.  iv.  272.)— I  do  not 
know  whether  I  am  right  in  thinking  that  such  a 

Eroverb  as  that  to  which  M.  D.  refers,  of  a  guest 
ecoming  a  bore  after  a  visit  of  three  days,  would 
more  particularly  be  found  among  nations  such 
as  the  English,  that  are  self-reliant ;  and  who,  as 
a  rule,  have  no  difficulty  in  filling  up  their  hours 
pleasantly  and  profitably.  So  much  is  this  the 
case,  that  we  have  had  to  borrow  the  word  enntU 
from  our  neighbours,  for  our  active  and  practical 
lives  allow  no  time  for  such  an  idea  to  arise 
among  us.  In  the  early  age  of  the  Romans,  when 
the  conquest  of  the  world  was  still  before  them, 
they  were  like  ourselves  in  this ;  and,  therefore, 
the  proverb  appears  to  have  circulated  among 
them  as  it  is  found  in  Plautus  (MU,  Glor.  iii. 
i.  146) :  — 

**  Hospes  nallus  tarn  in  amici  hospitium  divorli  potest, 
Quin,  ubi  triduum  ibi  continuuin  fuerit.  Jam  odioeus 
siet." 


I  should  expect  that  the  proverb  may  be  found 


ralised  the  proverb,  shall  not  be  surprised  if  1  am 
told  that  my  theory  is  without  foundation.  Had 
the  Romans  any  word  that  precisely  expresses 
ennui  f  1  see  that  Kiddle  and  Arnold  in  their 
English' Latin  Lexicon  give  '*  temporis  molestia," 
and  "  taedium  "  to  express  the  idea. 

Craxjfcrd  Tait  Rahage. 

An  iRisn  Anecdote  (4»»»  S.  iv.  271.)  — The 
anecdote  given  by  jour  venerable  correspondent 
E.  L.  S.  {diu  vivai)  is  not  peculiarly  Irish ;  I  send 
you  the  following  English  one  to  match  :  —  Soon 
after  the  completion  of  Lord  Byron's  Don  Juan, 
calling  upon  a  spinster  lady  "  of  a  certain  a^e,"  I 
met  at  the  door  an  evangelical  clergyman,  bene- 
ficed in  the  diocese  of  Ely  (now  deceased),  who 
was  just  leaving.  On  the  drawing-room  table  I 
found  a  copy  of  Don  Juan,  and  on  hastily  turning 
over  the  leaves  I  observed  that  a  pencil  mark  in 
the   margin   was    drawn    against   the    naughty 


stanzas.  I  expressed  my  snrprise  at  the  extent  cf 
the  lady's  reading,  upon  whicn  she  replied.—^  Ify 
friend,  whom  you  met  at  the  door,  nas  lent  na 
the  book,  but  he  has  marked  all  the  piwiajwi 
which  he  says  I  am  not  to  read.^  £.  V. 

The  method  employed  by  Mrs.  Lord  for  guild- 
ing  the  morals  of  her  voung-lady  eubecriben, 
though  amusingly  originfd,  may  be  paralleled  bj 
the  simplicity  of  a  learned  editor  to  whom  Loin 
Byron  refers,  and  who,  influenced  doubtleas  bjr  an 
overflowing  regard  for  the  purity  of  school-oojt 
for  whom  his  book  was  intended*  prodaoed  an 
expurgated  edition  of  Martial;  but  who,  mtyng 
the  maimed  condition  to  which  he  had  thus  re- 
duced his  author,  placed  all  the  obnoxiooa  epi- 
grams  together  at  the  end  of  the  volume ;  thii% 
as  Byron  says,  saving  the  trouble  of  an  index, 

W.  RC. 

Bells  for  Dissenting  Chapels  (4***  S.  It.  6&f 
82,  123,  2G7.)— From  a  notice  in  the  Wedl^Nmm 
of  October  2,  1869,  I  glean  that  a  peal  of  eUt 
bells  has  lately  been  founded  by  Mr.  Jom 
Murphy,  of  Dublin,  for  the  Roman  GathofiB 
Cathedral  in  Thurles,  and  that  the  Archbishop  of 
Cashel  has  pronounced  this  peal  to  be  the  I*%Mft 
and  best  in  the  kingdom.  J,  u. 

Hull.  

To  OUR  Rkaders. — It  has  frequentljf  been, 
ws  that  "  N.  &  Q."  having  became  the  recogniztd 
of  Intercommunication  between  all  who  are  tmga§tA  ii 
literary  pursuits  and  inquiries,  greater  space  skmdd  ii 
devoted  in  it  to  Literary  Intelligence  and  the  Sagii^  md 
Doings  of  the  World  of  Letters,  so  that  oB 
interested  in  such  matters  might  find  in  its  cofi 
announcements  of  a  new  Volume  bg  Froude,  a 
by  Tennyson^  or  a  new  Handbooh  by  Murray. 

This  suggestion  has  recently  been  renewed  by 
views  and  wishes  are  entitied  to  every  atienthm.  We 
therefore  determined  to  act  upon  U;  and  that,  m  90 
we  may  not  encroach  upon  the  space  devoted  te  emr  Chr- 
respondents,  we  shall  from  time  to  time  give  am  tNOrWHtf 
number  of  pages,  so  as  to  meet  the  requirtmeate  of  mB  em 
friends, 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETa 

History  of  the  Norman  Kings  of  Kn^and,  from 
Collation  of  the  Contemporary  Chromdet,  Bj 
Cobbe.    (Longmans.  8vo.) 

Mr.  Cobbe  does  not  mean  by  a  "  ooUation  of  tha  Mi- 
temporary  chronicles"  that  which  is  ordinarily  andH^ 
stood  by  the  word  **  collation  " — a  compariaoo,  naiiMhrirf 
the  printed  chronicles  with  the  original  mamuraqptpp 
He  has  merely  read  the  historical  printed  anthoritiM  ftr 
himself,  and,  comparing  each  one  with  the  othen^  hM 
drawn  his  hi^ory  oat  of  them  all.  In  this  T^ipwt  ht 
differs  from  Hume,  and  perha^M  frova.  some  later  mrtHl* 
cal  writers.  Hame  is  stated  to  have  written  tha  mij 
part  of  his  history  from  the  pages  of  Carte,  and  to  '~ — 


7.  Oct.  28, '69.  j 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


aofinentatiDDa  by  later  c 
piulotopbies  of  hulorr,' 
which   iDToIve    (he    falao 


Carta'!  nf^ren<:ca  to  hie  own  chapter!.  Hr. 
s  EDDS  honeatlj  lo  the  printed  vorlu  of  '  thoM 
who  lived  imoDf;  the  people  and  icenes  they 
'  aod  "I  diKhnrgB  myselr,"  he  UT>,  "of  an- 
■  I  Inter  o&ronidera,  of  the 
'  and  of  Aelaridd 
s  viih  the  tnie.    I 

e  and  clear,  rather  than 

Snch  is  the  nuthor'e  own  account  of  hia 
I  and  or  hia  al}'le.    The  book  details  the  inci- 

the  fttgns  of  the  Conqueror,  or  "  the  mffian 
>f  Benry  i,  and  Stephen.  Their  sucecMive  may 
d  eighty-eight  jears  of  hideoua  trouble,  calamity, 
waion — vears  scarcely  lo  be  paralleled  in  modem 
br  the  Ineffable  woe  nliich  they  bronght  opon 
ring  SDbjecta  of  these  incompetent  kiags.  The 
J  told  by  Mr.  Cohbe  in  ■  way  which  will  attract 

It  may  also  eicita  conlcovaray,  bat  with  that 

nothing  to  do.    The  hook  haa  qualitiea  which 

to  the  attention  of  all  inquirers,  and  aa  aach  ve 
I  it.    The  following  sunimaiy  of  the  character  of 

Rufaawill  show  at  once  the  author'a  atyle  and 
composition ;  — 

ao  t^  aquare  form,  well  set :  of  florid  skin  and 
sd  hair :  an  open  brow,  and  eyea  of  different 
ariSRated  with  glitterinE  specks.  Though  not 
d  of  protuberant  bellv,  of  (treat  strength  and 
A :  when  angered.  slamiDenng  in  speech.    At 


mgoue 


parrv  shame.  In  public  superdlioua, 
threatening  iu  aspect,  apt  ta  aaaail  with 
and  ferocious  voice.  '  He  faired  God 
lao  not  at  all.'    Of  one  virtae,  it  would 

.oce:  of  one  graoE,  faith  in  the  honour  of 

Kid  :  of  one  talent,  yet  without  that  supplement- 
lua  which  could  coiubine  hia  projects.    His  imn- 

large,  his  powers  mean.  Squandering  enormous 
L  he  effected  no  great  thing.   'The  Hall  at  Weat- 

was  Dot  half  the  tize  he  had  planned.'  Hia 
Teat:  his  spirit  how  paltry!  Some  fid;  Eng- 
tlemen,  charged  with  killing  venison,  baTing 
he  ordeil  by  fire, 'God  ij  no  rjghteon*  judged* 

'that  would  let  aucb  go  scstbleaa.'     He  would 

on  hosen  that  had  cost  three  shillinga.    '  How 
1  bawboiD,  has  the  king  worn  clothes  ao  cheap  ? 
e  a  pair  worth  a  silver  mark  at  leaat  1 ' " 
a  passage  are  affixed  the  aulhoriliea  "W.  Halm. 
I  K.  iv.  1.  -  Hunt.  -  Eadmer.  -  W.  Malni."    The 

■nd  pagea  sbonld  hare  been  added ;   a  reniaik 
)pUea  to  the  whole  book,  except  the  preface. 
I    o/  yor*i*i«    Worlkia.      Silecltd  from   Uit 
lal  Exhibition  n/  fforjb  u/  Art  at  Litdi,  1868. 

Biographical  Sale:     Ed-ttd  by  Edward  Hlil- 

Eaq.,  f  .S  ■        '     •"        "  ■  "■-—   •- 


.   Tieo    Vi^na 


(Cnndill  & 


it  Sir.  Hailstone  ii  entitled  to 
idit  for  the  auggealion  that  an  exhibition  of  dia- 
ed  Yorkshiremen  should  form  a  diatinctlve  featnre 
.eeds  Exhibition  of  IMKH.  and,  his  anggestion 
lopted,  for  the  leal  with  which  bo  laboured  to 
13  succeasful  accomplishment,  Having  gathered 
iblage  of  portraits  of  county  wonhiea,  euch  aa  no 

in  epitome  of  England  "  —  could  produce,  he 
additional  credit  for  preserving  in  the  work 
a  BO  striking  a  memorial  of  that  Exhibition  in 
e  of  two  hundred  pbutographic  copiea  of  the  moat 


dall  I 


dFlem 


I    been 


oT  tbem  hi]  to  five  adeqaat*  r«pre«ent»tloM  tt  the  ori- 
ginally they  tn  atlU  of  gmt  Intenat  and  valoe  M  nMida 
of  MthoMie  plctaiea.  Mi.  B^Moafa  U<»^hl«d 
aketdiea  will  add  gitatly  to  th«  JoM  piid*  which  mvy 
ToAahiieman  mnat  fed  In  thia  tribiU*  to  tba  inlanit 
and  importanoa  of  bla  native  eonnty. 
Tht  Slatmta  of  Htm  Yll.     Am  Eiacl  Foc-nmOa  frvm 

Iht    verj/  rare  OngauU  prhUtd  bg    Oabm  b   14S8. 

EiKled,  witt  JVbtes  atd  Jatnubietion,  Ay  Jidin  Bac^ 

(Hotten.) 

A  beautUhlly  executed  fto-dm!l«  of  ooa  of  Caztco'a 
later  prodncttona,  of  auch  extreme  rarity  that  ooly  threa 
copiea  are  known  lo  be  in  euatenee,  vlx,  ooa  in  the 
library  of  the  Inner  Temple,  «  aecond  belonging  to  Eul 
Spencer,  and  the  third— the  flueit  of  the  three,  and  fran 
which  the  preeent  fao^Imlle  bai  bean  made— In  the  Qren- 
ville  Library  Id  the  Britlah  Mnseom.  To  tlte  edmime 
of  the  glorknia  old  printer,  lo  whom  En^lah  UteratDN 
owea  so  mncb,  tUa  volame  will  be  a  weleome  one ;  while 
JDdldons  readen  will  find  in  the  varioaa  • 


77ii  OmpItU  WortM  i^Simamd  Spntir,  tdUil  fitm  tU 

Oriahial  SdUiami  amd  M8S.  hr  R.  Monia.     ViM  ■ 

Jfnwtr  If  J.  W.  Halea,  U^  (Haemillan.) 

W«  have  here  in  a  ytrj  eompoet  fenn  an  edUon  of 

the  worfca  of  Ednond  SpaiuaT,"Uie  Paela'Poet,''b«a»- 

lirnllr  printed,  and  pnblidMd  at  a  price  which  placM 

it  wllhhi  the  leeeh  of  reedara  of  all  elBMM.  WhOetha 

works  have  bean  edtaed  with  a  rare  T*''^liti>i  to  nndar 

the  book  MtialiacloTy  to  all  aolK^an,  tti^  are  aooooi- 

r led  by  a  new  LUS  of  the  Poet,  and  TMidend  conplele 
,   Notes  and  a  QloM«r7. 
nt  Wlmlt  Work!  rf  WUBam 


tt  colhcfiand  idilmd,  bM 


Lift  ofAi  Pott  iHl  Abba  bf  W.  Carew  Hailltt. 

ih*  Saamd  Fobimi.      (Printed   fbi  the  Boxbnrifaa 

Library.) 

Thia  new  volume  oomptetaa  tba  worfca  of  thia  Devon- 
shire worthy,  and  contains  the  ccwilnalon  of  hia  Biltan- 
Dia'a  Paatoiala;  llie  Shcpherd'a  Pipe ;  the  [nnarTtomple 
Haaquei  hia  Love  Poems ;  Odw,  Sana  and  Sonnetai 
EpiaUeaj  Elegiea;  Visiona;  Bplgiama,  ^^mAai  Fais- 
phrasea;  MiatgHanaona  Mecea;  CoanModataj  Veraea ■ 
and  iaatly,  an  Index,  into  which  (be  editor  baa  iatro> 
dnoed  aome  t<qransphicel  and  mlaodlaiMOM  notaa  1^ 
Hr.  John  Shelly  irf  Plymonth. 

Booxa  Bxcxtrsu:  — 
FacU  aad  DaltM  am  Oa  Ltaihtg  Efrntw  bt  Sacral  amd 
PnfoM  Butmy,  and  tht  ariiap^  FaeU  n  " 
"'■'"'  ~  \Mtmm  hn» 


Uack 


jfamy  Mao  oHMttrmakMt 
rf  Jfaflorf.     .Br  tta  Bov.  A. 


«  inaeparable  from  copying  oil-paintingii  many 


:kay,LUD.&e.     (BUAwood.) 


monies  moat  be  prDnon: 

aasures  ua  Biany  or  the  n. „ _____„ 

in  the  Scottldi  capital  have  txpreaacd  their  cordial  ^■ 
proralof  It  and  it*  adaptability  to  achool  pnipcaee. 
EitracU  film  Oetro,  JVamrfvM  and  Btaerimlima,  milk 

EngUth  JVMas,  if  Henry  Walfon^  HA.    CfaraHfaa 

Pros  Stria.     (Uacmlllan.) 

Intended  to  snpplr  a  short  and  ealr  text-boo^  ln> 
tereatlDg  In  Haal^aad  ■Bffldcntlj'aav  to  fcUowOgtMUu 
Nepea  and  Cataar. 


352 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4AS.iy.Oor.S8»'iiL 


Epitaphs  and  Epigramt — Curious^  Qtiaintf  and  Amusing, 
From  various  sources,     (Palmer.) 

A  neatly-printed  little  volame,  the  two  portions  of 
which  are  so  markedly'  distinct  that  the  compiler  on^ht 
to  have  adopted  for  his  motto  "  From  grave  to  iJfay." 
Both  epigrams  and  epitaphs  arc  indexed — a  good  feature 
in  all  books  of  this  kind. 

The  Quarterly  Review  jast  issued  contains,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  articles  "Higher  and  Ijowcr  Animals," 
and  "Water  Supply  of  London,"  the  political  papers, 
« Reconstruction  of  *the  Irish  Church,"  and  "  The  Past 
and  Future  of  Conservative  Policy,"  several  articles  of 
great  literary  intei-est,  besides  that  on  the  "  Byron  Mys- 
tery," to  which  wo  have  elsewhere  referred,  namely,  one 
on'"  Lord  Lytton's  Horace,"  one  on  "  Sacerdotal  Celi- 
bacy," an  admirable  Sketch  of  "  Isaac  Barrow,"  and  a 
very  important  paper  on  **  Islam,"  a  companion  article 
to  and  obviously  from  the  same  pen  as  that  on  "  The 
Talmud,"  which  created  such  a  sensation  when  it  ap- 
peared, about  this  time  two  years. 

Literary  Searchers  at  Doctors'  Commons.— We 
are  pleased  to  learn  that  the  Cliicf  Judge  of  the  Court  of 
Probate  has  assigned  a  new  and  ver>'  commodious  apart- 
ment at  Doctors*  Commons  for  the  use  of  literary 
searchers.  The  inconveniences  of  the  former  room  have 
been  submitted  to  without  murmur,  in  full  faith  that  in 
due  time  the  pledge  given  bj'  Sir  Cresswcll  Cresswell 
would  be  fulfilled ;  and  it  is  ver}'  much  to  the  credit  of 
Lord  Penzance  that  it  has  been  so,  without  any  further 
urging.  The  influence  of  the  admission  of  literary  in- 
quirers to  Doctors'  Commons  is  beginning  to  be  verv' 
palpably  felt.  We  observe  it  continually  in  greater 
accuracy  of  statement  in  historical  and  genealogical  pub- 
lications ;  and  enlarged  accommodation  will  lead  to  its 
development  in  many  fresh  quarters. 

The  Btron  Scandal. — The  writer  of  the  interesting  ' 
article  on  this  subject  in  The  Quarterly — which  includes 
many  unpublished  extracts  from  letters,  d;c. — has  com-  '• 
pletely  succeeded  in  vindicating  Mrs.  Leigh  from  the  ' 
norrible  charge  so  improperly  and  thoughtlessly  brought 
forward  in  Mrs.  Stowe*s  narrative.    On  the  other  hand, 
his  endeavours  to  exonerate  Byron  from  the  mysterious 
offence  which,  in  the  opinion    of  Lady  Byron's  legal 
ad\isers,  "  rendered  a  reconciliation  impossible,"  are,  in 
our  opinion,  far  from  successful ;  while,  in  his  anxiety  to 
defend  the  noble  poet,  he  docs  scant  justice  to  Lady  Byron. 

Autobiookaphy  of  Edward  Wortley  Montagu. — 
If  our  readers  were  surprised  by  the  announcement  made 
a  few  weeks  since  of  the  intended  publication  of  the  Auto- 
biography of  "  Florry  "  Macdonald,  their  surprise  will 
probably  be  still  greater  when  they  hear  that  the  world  . 
18  shortly  to  be  gratified  by  the  Autobiography  of  that 
©■^t  eccentric  of  all  eccentrics,  Edward  Wortley  Mon- 
tagu.   The  public  will  in  both  casies  examine  carefully  ' 
the  evidence  in  support  of  the  genuineness  of  these  inter-  i 
esting  additions  to  our  biographical  stores.  | 

The  Discovert  of  Junius,  so  often  announced,  has  : 
at  length.  The  Academy  believes,  been  placed  beyond 
doubt  by  the  researches  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Twisleton,  ' 
who  has  for  the  first  time  called  in  the  aid  of  a  scientific  ' 
expert  in  handwriting,  the  well-known  M.  Chabot.    The 
results  will  shortly  be  made  public,  together  with  fac- 
similes of  the  autographs  of  Junius's  letters  to  Woodfall  \ 
and  Georije  Grenville.      The  document  referred  to  we  i 
believe  to  be  one  which  had  considerable  influence  in 
confirming  the  belief  which  Lord  Brougham  at  one  time  i 
entertained  as  to  Junius,  though  at  a  later  period  "The 
Chancellor  said,  *  I  doubt.' " 


The  Leiqh  Hunt  Memorial,  at  KCTgiL  ^■- — ^ 
was  unveiled  on  Tuesday  morning,  when  Lturd  Hov^^itaa 
paid  a  graceful  and  appropriate  tribute  to  the  diaiMte 
and  genius  of  Leigh  Hunt.  It  consists  of  an  admiraUe 
bust  of  the  poet,  by  Mr.  Durham,  who  has  moet  enctWM 
fully  caught  the  genial  expression  of  one  whoee  muM 
characteristic  is  well  described  in  the  quotatioiiy  ftom  Ui 
own  writings,  engraved  beneath  the  bust  — 

"  write  me  as  one 
That  loves  his  fellow  men." 

In  addition  to  many  of  the  personal  friends  and  faailj  ef 
Leigh  Hunt,  many  of  the  subscribers  to  the  mesMriil 
were  present ;  and  the  attendance  would  donbtlen  ha?* 
been  much  larger,  but  for  the  unfaronrable  sCata  of  the 
weather. 

CiTT  of  London  Library  and  Museum. — ^The  Gout 
of  Common  Council,  on  Sept.  16, 18G9,  having  recognind 
the  great  importance  of  establishing  a  Libraiy  ainVa- 
seum  worthy  of  the  City  of  London,  which  is  to  be  cncted 
at  the  eastern  end  of  the  Guildhall,  the  Building  Gob- 
mittee  are  now  actively  engaged  in  eliciting  infonaaUom 
respecting  the  practical  arrangement  for  both  dapMt- 
ments.  For  this  purpose  a  deputation,  during  the  pnt 
week,  visited  the  British  Museum,  the  ReoordOfficeb  tht 
Temple  and  Lambeth  libraries.  We  may  also  add  that 
the  Ninth  Supplement  to  the  Catalogue  of  the  Idbnij  of 
the  Corporation  has  this  week  been  issned  to  the  ttfk 
body. 

Ctartrr  King  of  Arbis. — All  who  know  Mr.  Allart 
W.  Woods,  Lancaster  Herald,  will  share  the  iilirfao 
tion  which  we  have  in   announcinff  that  ha  haa  ben 
appointed  to  succeed  his  old  friend,  Sir  Chaitaa  Toong^  aa 
Garter  King  of  Arms. 


The  Hon,  Mrs.  Norton  has  published  a  denial  , 
she  is  "  the   author,  or  knows  who  is  the  anther,*  af 
the  verj' severe  article  on  Mrs.  Stowe*8  "Tme  Stany" 
which  appeared  in  The  Times  of  the  30th  of  AogniL 


MESSR.S.  Longman,  in  addition  to  the  important 

already  announced  in  these  columns,  will  shortly  itsDa  tvsi 
volumes  of  "The  Speeches,  1817-1841,  and  Dctpatdni 
presented  to  Pariiament  by  £arl  Russell,  with  Introda^ 
tion  b}'  his  Lordship ; "  "  The  Archbishop  of  Westmimtart 
l^astoral  Letter  to  his  Clergy  on  the  (Ecumenical  Oomidl 
and  the  Infallibility  of  the  Roman  Pontiff ;  **  <>  Tha  Nm»- 
machean  Ethics  of  Aristotle,"  newly  translated  by  Rob«t 
Williams,  M.  A.,  and  "  Traces  of  History  in  the  Nanaa  of 
Places,"  dec,  by  flavell  Edmunds. 


Mr.  Murray's  List  of  New  Books  tor  tha . 

season  contains  many  of  great  interest ;  among  othon^ 
"  Lord  Elgin's  Correspondence,"  edited  by  Mr.  Walnaid; 
"  The  Discovery  of  the  Great  West,"  by  Franda  Ftafc- 
man,  in  which  are  related  the  exploits  and  cdvantoni  of 
the  first  explorers  of  the  valley  of  the  Missisfdpiii ;  '■At 
Home  with  the  Bretons,"  by  Mrs.  Palliser ;  BIr.  Laek'b 
"  Personal  Narrative  of  his  throe  Weeks'  ImpriaoomMfc 
at  Pekin;"  Mr.Yan  Lennep's  "  Missionary  Timvab  la 
Little-known  Parts  of  Asia  Minor  ";  "  ScramUee  asM 
the  Alps,"  by  Edward  Whymper ;  "  The  Rob  Rej 
the  Jordan,  Nile,  Red  Sea,  and  Gennesaretk,"  hjT 

Macgregor ;  «  The  Handwriting  of  Junius,"  by  the  E 

E.  Twistleton  " ;  <*  The  Tahnud,"  by  Mr.  Deatsoh ;  «  Ov 
Ironclad  Ships,"  by  Mr.  Reed,  Chief  Constmotor  of  the 
Navy;  Dr.  Percy's  "  Metallurgy  of  Gold,  Silver,  Lead, 
dec";  Completion  of  Von  Sybel's  "History  of  Kompa 
during  the  French  lievolution,"  translated  'by  ProftHir 
Perry;  "  A  New  Series  of  Contributions  to  the  Litaratua 
of  Art,"  by  Sir  Charles  Eastlake;  and  a  great  numbir 
of  new  and  improved  Editions  of  Books,  wUeh 
established  their  popularity. 


**  a.  IV.  Oct.  23,  -eg.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


353 


Hkssrs.  Moxok  BttDoance,  nnder  [be  title  o(\  ■<  Royal 
Gift  Book."  a  splendid  volume  on  Windsor  Castle  illus- 
tniled  by  thirty  photograplii',  prinlfd  in  permanent 
colonre,  with  despriplive  lest  by  Her  Majesty's  Librarian, 
the  lamented  Mr.  tVoodwani  i  Gustave  Dord'a  Illualra- 
tionsor  Tliomna  Hood;  Mr.  Seecomhe's  Etchings  illus- 
tratiire  of  Hood'sGolden  Legend,  "Miss  Kilmans^KS  ""^ 
her  predous  Lbr;"  two  unpublished  Flays  by  Hood;  a 
neir  Life  of  Shelley  by  Mr.  Roasetii,  accompanying  a 
carefully  revised  edition  of  his  works;  and,  lastly,  what 
'        ■     '  k  of  eonaiderablo  nlility.  Ha;  '  ' 


\\  Tndex  of  Biography  from  the  Crea 
me,"  edited  by  Mr.  Berlrand  Payne. 


Creation  to 


le  Council,"  by  Janna.    "  The  Story  of  the  Gospels, 
nele  narrative,  combined   from  the  Fonr  Evangelists, 
1  new  translation  their  unity ;  "    "  Brlgh- 


Mkssm.  Groombridor  have  ready  "  An  Introdnction 
on  the  Science  of  Heal,"  by  T,  A.  Orme  i  and  "The 
Mother's  Recompense,"  by  Grace  Aguilar,  new  edition. 

Messrs.  Hooo  &  Son  have  in  theprese  "  A  Dictionary 
of  Ritual  and  other  Kcelcsiastical  Terms,  by  the  Rev. 
F.  G,  Lee,  D.C.L.;  and,  by  the  same  author,  "The  Ma- 
nuale  Clericorum  :  a  Guide  for  the  Reverent  and  Decent 
Celebration  of  Divine  Service." 

Mr.  Bkntlkt  irill  pnblisb,  in  the  course  of  a  few  days 
"The  Life  of  Marj-  Russell  Mitfoirl,  told  in  licr  Letters  lo 
her  Friends  ;  containing  Sketches  and  Anecdotes  of  Ler 

Mh,  Honr.y  annoonoes,  under  the  title  of  Piccadilly, 
Past  and  rrcsent,"  a  work  upon  which  he,  originally  in 
conjunction  wiih  llie  late  Mr.  Dudley  Coalello,  has  been 


stone  Sermons,"  by  George  Moberlv,  D.C.L.,  Bishop- 
Elect  of  Sarum ;  "  Bible  Readings  for  Vamity  Prayer,"  bv 
the  Eev.  W.  H.  Ridley.  M.A  ;  Mr.  Liddon's  inWreatiuR 
■ketch  of  -'  Walter  Kerr  Hamilton,  Bishop  of  Salisbury," 
reprinted  from  The  Gvardian ;  An  "Attempt  to  Deter- 
mine John  Wesley's  Place  in  Church  History,  with  the 
■id  of  facts  and  docamenls  unknown  to  or  unnoticed  by 
his  biographers,"  by  R.  Denny-Urlin,  M.R.l.A. ;  and  a 
"Dictionaiy  of  Doctrinal  and  Historical  Theology  by 
various  Wnters,"  edited  by  the  Kev.  John  Henry  Blunt, 
M.&.,  F.5.A.,  editor  of  the  "  Annotated  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,"  imp.  Svo,  Part  I,  containing  A — K.,  are  among 
the  other  woriia  to  be  issued  by  the  same  house. 

Hebsss.  Macioixan  annonnce  as  a  new  volnme  of 
The  Sunday  Library,  "Alfred  tiie  Great,"  by  Thomas 
Hoghes;  "Albrecht  Durer  ofNumbcrg;:  his  Life,  Let- 
ters, and  Works,"  by  Mr.  C.  Heaton,  with  Photographic 
and  Autotype  llliutratioos  ; "  "  The  British  Expedition 
to  Abyssinia,"  bytl^ptain  Hoiier ;  and  "Tales  of  Old 
Travel  re-narraled  by  Henry  Kingsley." 


sasRS.  Biackwood'8  most  important  annoum 
19  are,  "  The  Poems  of  Ossian ;  the  Qaelio  Text,  w 
■literal  English  Translation,"  by  the  Rev. 


"  Historical  Sketches  ot  the  liei 
George  IL,"  by  Mrs.  Oliphanc,  author  of  the  "  L&  of 
Edward  IrA'ing,"  2  vols.  8vo ;  "  On  Fiction  as  a  Means  of 
Popular  Education,"  by  the  Hon.  Lord  Neaves  \  Vols.  V. 
and  VI.  of  Mr.  Burton'e  "  Historr  of  Scotland  from  Agrl- 
eola'a  Invasion  to  the  Revolution  of  1688";  and  "  As 
regards  Protoplasm  in  relation  to  Professor  Huxley's 
E«My  on  the  Physical  Basis  of  Life,"  by  J.  H.  Stirling, 
author  of  "  The  Secret  of  Hegel." 

Hrssrb.  TrUbneii  announce  for  eariy  publication 
"  The  Emblem  Writers,  preceded  by  a  view  of  Emblem 
Book  Lileratnn  down  lo  1616,"  by  Henry  Green,  M.A. ; 
"  Tbe  Gold  Fields  and  Mineral  Districts  of  Victoria,"  by 
Dr.  B.  B.  Smyth ;  a  Second  Series  of  Baron  Van  De  Weyer's 
"Choix  d'Opusculea  Philosophlt|«es.  Historimies,  Poli- 
tiqoes  et  Litte'raires ;"  "  A  Translation  of  the  Ethics  and 
Letters  of  B.  de  Spinoza,  with  Life  and  Summary  of  bis 
Doctrines";  "The  Coins  of  the  Patban  Sultans  of  Delhi, 
AJJ- 1133.1534,"  by  Edward  Thomas :  and  by  the  same 
aathor,  two  volumes  nf  "  Essays  on  Indian  Antiqnilie:?," 
embracing  the  entire  range  of  the  discoveries  of  James 

Messrb.  Hcrst  &  Blackett  will  issae  next  week 
the  new  novel,  "Dcbenhnm's  Vow,"  by  Miss  Amelia  fl. 
Edwards,  author  of  "Barbara's  History,"  &e^  in  three 


354 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[«*  &  lY.  Oer.  n.  "M. 


MB.  BENTLET'S  AinrOTTHCEMEirTS 


roB 


OCTOBER  AND  NOVEMBER. 


MESSES.  BLACKWOOD   A9D 

NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


THE  LIFE  of  CARDINAL  POLE.     Bv  th«  Vkry 

REV.  DR.  HOOK.  Dean  of  Chlchciter.  Formlns  th«  Eighth 
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JAMES  HUTCHESONSTIRUNG,  FJLCa  and  LU1X,  T 
burgh.  C/jil*c^ 


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ING.   A  Lecture.    By  IX>RD  NEAVES.  Cl«( 


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LAND, from  AgrlcoU's  Invasion  to  the  RcTDlution  of  IMS. 

45,  George  Street,  Edinbargh ;  and  87,  Patornostar  BoVi 

I.iondon. 


4*»«  S.  IV.  Ocr.  30,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


355 


LOSDOy,  SATUltDAY,  OCTOBER  30,  1869. 

CONTENTS— N«  96. 

NOTES*.  —  Aloxandrr  CJibson  Hunter,  of  Blackness,  and  Sir 
Walter  Scott.  .'Jns  —  Hoiirick  Niclaifs  :  the  Family  of  Love, 
35G  —  Chaucjr's. "  col-fox  "  and  *'  pnttothed,"  358  —  Ballad : 
••  My  Poll  aiid  my  Partner  Joe,"  ;j5l»—  Gray  and  Juvonal, 
76.— Shakes))*  are :  Squrleof  Cotswold— An  Error  in  Crabb 
Robinson's  "  Diary  "  L'lrkinK  or  Practical  Jokii  g— StOKO 
Coach  TravcllinK  circa  ls20— Laudanum  —  AlbtTt  Smith's 
Abceut  of  Mont  Blanc  —  Journalistic  History,  35U. 

QUERIE8:-Doos  the  Pelicanfecd  itsYounjc  with  its  Blood? 
361— J.  Syer  Bristow—Barksdale  (Clement),  Henry  Smith, 
andCifOiire  Wilhcr— Black  Cow's  Milk— Ranclngh  Berwick 
—  Derivation  of  Glen  —  Lady  Heard  — Pftre  Hyacinth©  — 
Labouring  under  a  Mistake  —  Largo  Paper  Copies  of 
Books  —Pargetting,  or  Plaster  Work  —  Old  Pewter  — 
Proverb  —  Rachel  we^'pinsc  for  her  Dhildren— The  Repi- 
cid(^  in  Delft—  Scottish  Regalia —  Siuzininex  — Families 
of  Strelley  and  Vavasour,  &c.,  3G9. 

QuBBiES  WITH  Answers  —  Dr.  Thomas  Fuller  —  Vara- 
brace  —  George  Fox  -  The  Pied  Piper  of  Hamcln  —  Cham- 
ber of  I^ndoii  —  Juliaua  the  Auchorite  —  Kimbolton 
Tokens,  3C4. 

REPLIKS :  —  Bcncdictional  Queries,  305  —  Weston  Family. 
366  — The  "  Edinburtrh  R-view"  and  Shakespeare,  367 — 
Toplady's  Line  in  **  llock  of  Ages,"  368  —  Bushel,  lb.— 
Troutlieck  Kamilv,  36l>  —  Bells  for  Dissenting  Churches, 
Chapels,  kc.  —  Napoleon  L  :  Master  Burke  —  Ancient 
Custom:  Lost  Sheep—  Micah  Hall  —  Swaddlera- Mil- 
toniana  —  Nous  —  Gardening  Book  —  Gough,  a  Surname 
—  Hi  Id  yard  Motto  —  Oxney  —  Polish  Wives  —  Wilkie, 
"Reading  the  Will,"  &c.,  370. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


ALEXANDER  GIBSON  HUNTER,  OF  BLACKNESS, 
AND  SIR  WALTER   SCOTT. 

In  his  Memoirs  of  Sir  Walter  Scott j  Mr.  J.  G. 
Lockhart  bus  somewhat  rctlected  on  the  memory 
of  Mr.  A.  (.f.  Hunter,  of  Blackness,  as  he  has  done  | 
still  more  unsparinply  on  the  memory  of  Archibald 
Constable,  tbe  two  Ballantynes,  and  other  intimate 
friends  and  iu^^sociates  of  the  illuBtrions  novelist. 
Mr.  Hunter,  who  was  tbe  heir  of  large  estates  in 
the  county  of  Forfar,  and  practised  as  a  Writer 
to  tbe  Sifznet  at  Edinburgh,  became  partner  in 
tbe  publi>bin«r  bouse  of  Archibald  Constable  and 
Co.  about  IHOI.     Through  the  funds  which  he 
put  into  the  concorn,  the  firm  were  enabled  to 
undertake  tbe  publication  of  the  Edinburgh  He- 
ri>7r,  and  give  to   the  world  in  appropriate  form 
the  earlier  poems  of  Sir  Walter  Scott.     When 
Mr.  Hunter   yuct^eeded  to  his  family  inheritance 
in    \S{y,\   bo   proceeded   to    reside   at  Blackness 
Houfic,  near  Dundee,  and  disposed  to  Constable 
his  8baio  in  the  publishing  business.     Lockhart 
ascribes  the  dissolution  of  the  co-partnership  to 
Mr.  Hunter's  ebullitions  of  temper.    It  is  interest- 
ing, after  tbe  lapse  of  sixty  years,  to  be  enabled, 
on    tlie   most    inccmtrovertible   evidence,   to  vin- 
diente    Mr.   Hunter   from   tlio   imputations   of  a 
reel. less  l)i(';irn]>h<'r.  ai.d   further  to  associate  his 
naij'r'    \\iiii    >iL-   Walter  Sei>tt  in  a   relationship 
which  cunii'it  f;iil  1  >  f:*t';:cl  public  interest. 

I»eing  lately  on  a  visit  to  Blackness  House,  the 
principal   scat   i>(  my  learned  friend  Mr.  Da?id 


Hunter  of  Blackness,  I  was  privileged  with  his 
permission  to  examine  his  collection  of  auto- 
graphs, which  form  a  part  of  a  remarkable  atore 
of  paintings,  rare  booKS,  and  art  treasures  pre- 
served in  his  quaint  old  mansion.  Among  many 
other  interesting  communications  addressed  to 
Mr.  Hunter  and  his  ancestors  by  persons  of  dis- 
tinction, I  came  upon  the  following,  which  I 
transcribed  i  "^ 

**  Edinburgh,  26  March,  1825. 

*<  David  Hunter,  Esq.  of  Blackness — 

**  Sir— I  had  the  pleasure  of  sending  you,  by  carrier, 
a  set  of  the  Novels,  Tales,  and  Romances  of  the  Author 
of  IVavtrley,  in  33  volumes,  and  the  Poetical  Works  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  eight  volumes.  They  will  aid  the 
commencement  of  your  Library,  and  I  have  to  request 
you  will  receive  them  as  a  small  memorial  of  my  sincere 
regard  for  you,  and  as  the  representative  of  an  early  and 
most  justly  esteemed  friend.  Had  your  Father  been  noif 
olive,  no  man  would  have  delighted  mure  in  the  perusal 
of  these  works ;  no  one  could  better  have  appreciated 
their  merits,  or  more  fully  rejoiced  in  their  celebrity. 

^  You  have  besides  other  claims  to  the  possession  of 
these  volumes  from  their  Publisher.  One  of  these  claims 
I  cannot  forget,  and  must  now  repeat  to  you— that  I 
have  A  ery  often  heard  vour  father  express  a  wixh  that 
the  distinKui:ihed  individual— since  the  author  of  Waver- 
^— would  turn  his  mind  to  novd-writing,  and  which  in 
the  most  warm  terms,  he  used  to  predict,  would  place 
the  Great  Unknown  most  prominently  without  a  rival 
in  literature.  And  this,  I  think  I  can  venture  to  assure 
you,  sometimes  happened  (in  Mr.  Hunter's  own  enthu- 
siastic manner)  in  the  Author's  own  presence.  This  is 
a  little  historical  notice,  which  I  cannot  resist  the  grati- 
fication of  now  recording,  and  which  I  am  sure  cannot 
but  be  pleasing  to  you.  I  do  not,  however,  pretend  to 
say  what  effect,  or  any,  these  prophetic  cfTu.sions  may 
have  had  in  producing  the  works  originally,  but  the  cir- 


cumstance has  ver}'  often  occurred  to  me,  when  thinking 
of  former  days. 

**  It  will  give  me  great  pleasure  to  hear  from  you,  and 
with  best  wishes,  behove  that  I  am  always; 

**  My  dear  Sir, 

"  Your  sincere  friend, 

"Archd.  Constablk. 

"  P.S. — I  need  not  say  that  you  will  consider  this 
letter,  in  so  far  as  it  relates  to  the  works  of  the  Author  of 
Waverley^  as  entirely  confidential  and  private— I  mean  in 
so  far  OS  regards  the  Author." 

Mr.  Constable*8  postscript  refers  to  the  secret 
as  to  the  authorship  of  the  Waverley  NovelSy 
which  had  not  yet  been  divulged,  but  which  the 
writer  had  apprehended,  on  a  review  of  his  letter, 
might  be  guessed  at.  That  a  Forfarshire  land- 
owner, then  a  partner  of  his  publishers,  should 
have  suggested  to  Scott  that  he  would  do  well  to 
turn  his  attention  to  novel-writing,  and  should 
have  confidently  predicted  his  success  in  the  art, 
are  facts  worthy  of  historical  notice.  Mr.  Hunter 
died  in  1812,  at  about  the  age  of  forty.  He  was 
an  elegant  scholar  and  an  enthusiaHiic  lover  of 
tbe  fine  arts.  As  a  musician  ho  excelled.  Several 
songa  from  his  pen  may,  ere  long,  with  musical 
accompauimentd,  be  given  to  the  world. 

Charles  Kogebs,  LL.D. 
Snowdoun  Villa,  Lcwisham,  S.E. 


356  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [4*8.iv.  OoT.a«,Tt. 


HENRICK  NICLAES:  THE  FAMILY  OF  LOVE.  ^^^ch  Mr.  Chiirles  Ruelena,  the  CoiweiTlte  of 
,^     ^     ^-.      , ,     ^  T^          .1        i-i-  1    J   •  the  Brussels  Library,  added  some  other  eonova- 
Dr.  Fr.   Nippokl  of  Emmerich  pubhshed  in  documents. 
^ledneT'B^jfsehn/i  fiir  die  historische  Theohgie,        ^^^  y^^  rpj^^^  ^^  ^^      .  .^^  ^I,^^.  j^  Ea^yggOi 
1802,  pp. ^4  sqq.,  a  treatise  on  the  Dutch  mystic,  especially,  where  our  prophet  lived,  and  worked^ 
Hennck  Niclaes,  and  the  sect  founded  by  him,  ^^^  exercised  a  great  influence  for  a  long  time, 
commonly  known  in  England  under  the  name  of    ^^^^  ^^  ^o  be  found  which  would  throw  light- 
the  Iramdy  of  Love.    In  this  treatise  Dr.  ^ .  endea-  ^^  ^       ^^  present  obscure  points,  he  invited  m» 
voured  to  give  an  account,  as  complete  as  possible,  ^^  ^     ^^^^  I  ^^^i^  ^^^  j^  English  Ubraries,  i& 
of  the  life  and  works  of  that  proph^,  justly  re-  connection  with  this  subject;  and  I  was  so  for- 
markmg  in  his  introduction  that  —  lunate  a**  to  find  in  the  Rev.  Dr.  Corrie,  the  pilaster 
^  while  the  outlines  of  the  Monster  riots  are  generally  ^f  Jgsus  College  here,  a  man  who  not  only  pos- 
well  known,  '^"^  «^«°  ^^e  deUilsof  thU  e^^^^^^  remarkablv  rich  collection  of  the  work* 
accurately  investiicatea  and  described,  the  other  eman-       i.  tt  xt     -l    i.     i      *    -^i.  *  i  •   j  i     ^ 
ations   of  Anahaptbtic  mvsticism  seem  to  be  totally  of  IL  Js.,  but  who,  with  great  kmdness,  lentm» 
forgotten.     Trechsel   and   Erbkam  have  indeed   made  for  an  indefinite  period  his  treasures  to  enable  me' 
Aaabaptistic,  Antitrinitarian,  and  Antinomian  doctrines,  to  make  whatever  investigations  I  should  think 
for  which  some  heretics  of  the  time  of  the  Reformation  necessary.    His  collection  consists  mostly  of  trans- 
were  notorious  the  object  of  careful  inv^tiffations ;  but  ^       j^^    English  of  the  treatises  already  men- 
other,  and  just  the  most  important  and  most  interestmg,  ,.       j  i      i^     <••       i  j  .    j^«  *i.^:-  ^-:«:«-f  4:*i«. 
phenomena  have  hardly  vet  been  noticed.     The  veA'  t^^ncd  by  Dr.  Nippold  under  their  ongmal  titles, 
remarkable  arch-heretic  David  Joris,  and  the  no  le/s  But  they  are  on  that  accoimt  no  less  valuable  a» 
remarkable  Henrick  Niclae^,  whose  Familia  Caritatis  testimonials  of  the  esteem  in  which  were  held 
(^Family  of  Love)  is  mentioned  everj'where  among  the  the  works  of  a  man  who  took  a  considerable  pert 

r'1a?^in*'uir?e/*™^^^^^  '^^  *^®  religious  movements  of  a  period  for  ever 

ITn.  an^tho^'of  liis'an^tVnists'lrill* how^T UiSTt  U  I  memorable  in  the  annals  of  English  history.     Dr. 

of  the  highest  importance  to  consider  the  ideas  of  the  en-  '  Como  s  collection  contains,  moreover,  transiations- 

thusiast  and  the  tepets  of  his  followers  somewhat  closer."  of  sonic  works  of  which  no  copy  is  yet  known  Uh 

Although  it  does  not  appear  from  Dr.  Nippold's  ;  *^?  original  language.  ^  ^^    ^.  *      *  ^       , 

treatise  that  he  has  read  Fuller's  Church  Ilistonj  \  ,    I*  ^^  ^bo  intention  of  Mr.  Ticle  and  me  to  m1- 

o/jBrtVfli/i,ed.  Brewer,  IV.  p.407,sqq.,  nor  Strype's  ^ec'  ,^11  matenala  we  can  find  for  an  eventn^ 

AtinaU  of  the  Reformation,  ii.  i.  p.  ooO,  &c.,  who  complete  biographical  account  of  the  celebrated 

give  a  somewhat  elaborate  account  of  II.  N.  and  ^J^^^^-     The  list  which  I  give  below  merely 

his  followers,  yet  his  work  will  not  be  thought  contams  the  books  in  the  possession  of  Dr.  Oome^ 

superfluous,  as  it  gives  us  a  list  of  04  manuscripts,  ?°d  three  which  I  found  in  the  University  Library 

books  and  pamphlets,  written  by  (mostly  in  a  Low-  ^ej?-     ^  ^^^^  °o  ^^^^^  however,  that  when  the 

German  dialect),  on  and  against,  H.  N:,  of  which  8"}>ject  attracts  the  attention  of  libranans  and 
only  a  few  were  known  to  Strype  and  Fuller.  .  collectors  of  rare  and  cunous  books,  many  addi- 

And  as  all  the  works  connected  with  this  prophet  *i<^°s  to  this  hst  will  be  found,  and  I  need  scarceW- 

and  his  sect  have  already  long  ago  been  callod  SJ^  J^^^^  V^JJ  ,?"*P  ^^  ^formation,  as  regard* 

albis  corvis  runoraA  and  some  of  them  seem  to  be  ^'  ^'  ^"^  ^}^  l"*l  ^\  works,  either  sent  to  n» 

altogether  lost,  we  can  understand  that  Dr.  N.'s  directly,  or  through  the  medium  of  "N.  &  Q., 
task  has  not  been  trifling.                                          ■  '^'}}  ^^  thankfully  received.  ,    *  ,, 

Mr.  P.  A.  Tiele,  the  conservator  of  the  Leyden  ■  ^  ^^  conclusion  1  wish  to  say  that  most  of  tbe 

•University  Library— a  man  who,  yet  younjr,  has  l^^^^  a^e  published  under  his  initials,  H.  N. 

already  won  a  great  reputation  by  his  bibliogra-  Some  of  the  Lnglish  translations  have,  in  innto- 

phical    and  historical  labours  — discovered  two  ^^^  of  the  originals,  vignettes  on  the  first  and 
years  ago.  in  the  important  library  (at  present  no  '  ^^^  }^,^^^  %  ^*"c*^  one  represents  the  victoiy  of 

longer  existing)  of  Messrs.  Ensched^,  the  celebrated  the  Way,  Truth  and  Life  over  the  World,  Sa, 

type-founders  ofHaarlem,  that  a  part  of  the  maiiii-  «?^  Death;   above  which  wo  read,  Nino  ffoM 

scripts  enumerated  by  Dr.  N.  existed  already  in  ^^  judr/ment  over  the  world,   &c. ;    underneath. 


teresting"widHionr  t7  dT  N  the  word  r\\r\\  surrounded  by' i  glory.     A  third 

. "--     —     .—  f  . —  L I  represents  a  heart  in  which  we  nnd  a  plant  m 

•  Since  Dr.  Nippold's  treatise  was  published  there  has  flower,  and  two  hands  joined.     Each  hand  holds  a 

appeared  in  H (.Hand  a  work  entitled  Baud  Jorh.BibHo-  ;  g„oll,   on  the  one   of  which  we   find  the  WOld 

iSe-y^t'"'  '  ^    ^^''  ^^'^^'^'""^^  I  Love;  on  the  other  Truth.  Above,  on  the  left-hand 

t  Vogt,  Cat.  hist,  criticoa  librorum  rariorum.    Ed.  i*,  side,   we    read    the   word    mn%    on    the    rijfht 

p.  487.  Emmanuel;  the  whole  being  surrounded  by  glonosy 


i*s.iv.  ocT.ao.'e 


NOTES  AKD  QUEEIES. 


clouds,  and  angels.  A  representation  of  tliese 
Tiguetteg,  aa  wJll  as  a  more  elabirato  descriptioa 
of  tho  books,  h  to  be  found  in  T/u:  Bookworm  of 
this  year,  published  by  tbe  WKll-known  biblio- 
grapher J,  Ph.  Beijeau. 


le  God  of  Heavea  hath  unilal  |  himself  witli  him, 
nod  raised  up  his  gracinns  |  Word  in  him,  and  how  he 
hath  clioaen  I  and  sent  him  to  l»  a  Minister  of  |  liis  gra^ 
cious  Word.  I  Published  hy  Tobias  a  Fellow  Elder  wiih  | 
H.  N.  in  the  iloushohl  of  Love.  I  Translated  out  of 
Bum  Almaio.  [  xii.  &  IBS  pp.  i". 

2".  A  Vol.  in  4°  uontainia;;  the  following  Iracta  and 

I.  Institulin  pnerorum.  |  Kinder  Bcrisht,  |  Met  Tele  | 
Goeder  I^re,  |  Dorch  H.  N.  vp  Rvnie  vorordeiiC :  |  Ac. 
Anno  Ihlh.  I  —II.  Cxbortatlo.  |  De  [  Eersle  Vorma- 
ninge  |  UN,  I  Totn-n^inilerea.undodemHUsgesinue  | 
der  Lieflen  1  J«?n  Christi.  I . .  .  Anno  1573.  I  — iii.  Diila 
II  N.  I  LeerafrtiKe  Rede :  |  Alw  dcenlus  van  H  N  vth- 
gesproken,  vnde  vth  de  |  Kede  cyan  tlundes,  nae- 
goschreuen  I  lynt.  1  ka.  —  iv.  Epijtolao  II  N.  |  De  Vor- 
nOmpste  1  lipiatelen  |  II  N,  |  Die  lie,  dorch  den  hilligen 
Geistder  Lieften;am|darhceg8uen,vnde;nmmce«t«n; 
nn  do  liicf-  |  hibbcren  der  W'aerheit  rndo  eyna  Beken- 
den,  I  geschteuen  rnde  ge^ndt  helt.  |  &c.    Anno  lS7i.  | 

These  epistles  are  each  provided  with  a  sepa- 
rate heading',  which  it  ■will  be  necessary  to  give, 
as  some  of  them  have  been  published  separately, 
as  will  be  seen  by  the  numbers  following:  — 

a.  Ein  Koepende  ateminc  des  hiUigen  GeiBtos  der 
Li.;<len,  tie.  b.  Kinc  linrte  vnde  grundigc  Beriohlinge 
van  de  Vorlxirgentheit  der  Liencn.  c.  Eino  grundigs 
Berichtinge,  wahrinnc  idt  Vnderscheit  tusachen  Godt, 
den  Vader,  vnde  syncn  Sone  . . .  vorklarct  werL  d.  Eine 
klaie  Uericbtinf^e  van  do  Sliddel-werckinge  Jean  Cbiiati, 
die  in  dem  (ieUte  gescliUt.  t.  Ein  Vpweokinge  dea 
Herten  tot  da  Nafolgingo  Chriali,  in  dem  Lyden  aynes 
Crlllies,  *c.  /  Grundige  Berichtinge  vaie  Underseheit 
der  VorstandenlsMH,  na  do  Waeihelt  der  hilliger  Schiif- 
tiiren,  tc.  g.  Ein  ware  Gericht  odder  Ordel,  vth  dom 
Denste  der  Lieften.  wedder  idt  fiiidclie  Gericht  edder 
Ordel,  Tth  dem  Fleisclie,  &o.  A.  Ein  kUcr  Underscheit 
van  de  C.elatenheit  vnde  VngeUtenheit  in  dem  Geisle, 
ic  i.  Van  de  Densten  vnde  tjeremonien  der  Christenen 
vnde  der  Unehrialenen,  vnde  ran  dem  rechten  vnde 
rnlaohcn  tiebrUke  dersuluer,  &c.  k.  Ein  Kiistelieke 
Klennode  der  sILuerlichcr  Bericbcingen  vnde  liellicker 
Vormaningcn,  &c.  /.  Straflo  vnde  Vormaninge  Ttb 
hcrtelj-cker  lieften,  tor  Belreckinge  vnder  de  Gebor, 
eamheit  der  Lieften,  vnde  tor  Bocle  vor  ere  SUndeo,  &c. 
m.  Uerispende  Underwising«  vnde  lieflicke  Vormaninge. 
Tth  bettelii^ke  Lielte,  &c.  n.  Ijeflicke  Underwiaingen 
an  eincn  Liefhcbber  der  Waerheit,  die  thovohren  aln 
Lasteror   des  Denatea  der  Lieften    .    ,    .    geweat,    4c. 


iriacnde  Vormaninge  an  de  Goedlwilligen, 
de  Gchoraamheit  der  Lieften  gtinlieliek  iiner-genen,  Ac 
r.  Van  des  Minschen  Ileerlickheit  im  Anfangk ;  van 
synem  AlTal,  Dodt,  &c.  «.  Eine  lieflicko  Vormaninge, 
geschreuen  vnds  gesendt  an  einem  HUsgeainne,  dem 
HU^gesinne  der  Ijeficn  thoe-gedaen,  &c,  t.  Ejne  ber- 
telicke  Vormaninge  an  de  jrerigestegoedt-willige  Herten 
to  de  Gerei'hticheit,  Ac.  s.  Slraffe  vnde  Berispiuge  der 
Hoererie^  &c.— T.  Terra  Facia.  |  Ware  GetUgenisse  |  van 


Idt  I  Geiatelick  Laadtachop  I  dea  Fredas  | . .  .  .  Gedrtlokt 

to  COlIn  am  Rein,  dorch  Nicl^  Bobm-bargen.  Anno 
u.u.i.xx.t.  I  ^vi.  Prophetic  {  des  |  Gdstea  der  Lieften.  | 
....  Anno  1573. 

The  eignaturoB  rim  A-Z,  Aa-Zz,  Aaa-Iii*, 
220  11.  or  440  pp.  Three  engravings  nve  found  in 
this  work,  two  of  wUicli  are  repeated  twice  or 
thrice.  They  are  very  characteristic  for  the  style 
of  their  execution,  and  remarkable  becauae  they 
would  prove  that  the  book  was  really  printed 
after  I6fi6,  for  we  find  on  one  of  them  ''  R.  Oay-  . 
Kood  Fecit,  lOoO."  This  engraying,  lepresentiiig 
the  circle  with  the  word  nilT,  aurrounded  by 
clouds,  angels,  and  the  symbols  of  the  four 
evangelists,  occurs  four  timea  in  the  copy  I  have 
before  me.  It  is  pasted  in  thrice,  but  the  fourth 
time  it  occurs,  on  the  very  last  leaf  of  the  book 
^it  is  eyidBntly  the  other  half  of  sign.  Iii',  1 
presume,  therefore,  that  the  book  was  printed 
in  or  after  1606,  and  that  tho  dntes  1673,  1577, 
and  1560,  which  occur  in  the  book,  indic&te  the 
time  in  which  the  first  editions  were  printed. 

Some  weeks  ago  my  attention  was  called  by 
Mr,  Frederick  Mullsr,  the  learned  bookseller  of 
Amsterdam,  to  a  unique  copy  of  a  work  of  H.  N,, 
sold  by  him  some  years  ago,  entitled:  EvanffeUum 
Regni.  Eip  Fi-olicke  Bodesclum  vara  Sycke.  This 
work  had  also  an  engraving  of  R.  Oaywood,  with 
the  date  (Fecit)  1666,  which  left  no  doubt  to 
Mr.  Muller  that  the  book  was  printed  in  Eit^rmd 
about  that  time.  What  may,  however.  Lave  been 
the  reason  for  printing  at  that  time,  in  England, 
books  of  this  kind  in  a  Low-Oenoui  dialect  P 


-      ...  ,  _. .   called  and  iatirelie-bidden, 

through  U.  N.,  to  the  |  true  Repentaanee  for  their  Synnea 
to  the  EnlraunCB  of  |  the  upright  cbrietian  Life,  and  to 
tho  Howae  of  the  Lone  of]  Jeau  Christ.  |  ,  .  .  .  Trana- 
latcd  out  of  Baae-aimayne  into  EngUah.  |      10  pp.  8° 


I  ofthelioly 


bUck  lell 

N°4.  The  First  Epistle.  1  A  J  ciyinevoice 
Spirit  of  Lone,  |  wherewitti  all  People  are  t 
Grace,  called  end  bidden  by  II.  K.  to  the  true  Repentance 
for  tbeir  Sins,  |  &c.  Printed  in  tbe  yeer,  1648  | ;  A-D*, 
S3  II.  email  S°.    Roman  type. 

This  ed.  conhuns  3  other  Epistles  of  H,  N, 
with  the  following  headings :  — 

b.  A  ahoit  and  pithy  Instruction  of  the  Hyaterie  of 
tbe  Love;  c.  A  groundly  luMruclion,  wherin  tba 
difference  betwixt  God  tbe  Father,  and  bii  Son 
the  Lord  Jeans  Christ,  ia  declared,  &c. ;  d.  A  doer 
Inalrudion  of  the  Mediation  of  Jean  Christ,  that 
Cometh  to  paiae  in  tbe  spirit,  for  a  Reconciliation 
l>etHixt  God  and  the  Man. 
K»  6.  The  Firat  Epii 

"  " ,  of  Lone,  |  wher  .  . , 

I ;  called  and  bidden  by  |  U.  K.  to  the  tme  Hapent- 
ance  for  thler  |  ainoea,  |  to.  A-Ff  •  except  I  li  Ff  *,  0* 
and  Sfi,  210  U  (420  pp.),  small  8°,  black  letter. 

This  ed.  contains  also  the  translation  of  the  19 
other  epistles  of  H.  N.  of  which  the  origioal  titles 


358 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«k  S.  lY.  Oct.  80.  "§•« 


have  been  giyen  under  N®  2,  iv.  a-u.    They  are 
severally  headed  as  follows :  — 

h.  A  short  and  pithy  Instruction  of  tho  Misteiy  of 
the  Loue;  c.  A  groundly  Instruction,  wherin  the 
Difference  betwixt  God,  the  Father,  and  his  Sonne, 
the  Lorde  Jasus  Christ,  is  declared,  Ac;  c/.  A 
deere  Instruction  of  the  Mediation  of  Jesu  Christ, 
dec. ;  e,  A  Stirring* up  of  the  Heart  to  the  Iminita- 
tion  or  Following  of  Christ,  in  the  Suffering  of  his 
Crosse,  Ac;  /.  A  groundly  Instruction  and  a  Dis- 
tinction of  Understandings,  according  to  the  Trueth 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  «&c  ;  o.  A  true  Judgment  or 
Sentence,  proceeding  out  of  tho  Seruice  of  Ix)ue, 
against  tlie  false  Judgment  of  Sentence,  proceeding 
out  of  the  Flesh,  &c ;  h.  A  clecre  Distinction  of  the 
Submission  and  Unsubmission  in  the  Spirit,  &c ; 
t.  Of  the  Seruices  and  Cercmonyes  of  the  Christians 
and  of  the  Un christians,  and  of  the  right  and  false 
Uce  of  them,  &c ;  k.  A  precious  Juell  of  pure  In- 
structions and  loueing  Exhortations,  &c ;  /.  A  Re- 
buke and  Exhortacion  out  of  harty  Loue,  ^c ;  m.  An 
Information  and  Loueing  Exhortation  of  Rcproofe, 
written  and  sent  unto  One,  out  of  harty  Loue,  &c  ; 
n,  Loueing  Informacions  vnto  a  Louer  of  the  Trueth, 
which  before-tyrae  was  a  Blaspheamer  of  the  Ser- 
vice of  Loue  and  the  Mini'<ters  therof,  t&c ;  o.  A 
breefe  Exhortacion  vnto  a  Disciple  in  the  Semico  of 
Lone,  &,Q. ;  p.  An  harty  ExhortaciO  vnto  all  Loucrs 
of  the  Trueth,  Ac;  q.  An  instructionable  Exhorta- 
cion vnto  the  Good-willing-ones,  which  do  wholly 
giue-ouer  thcmselues  to  the  Obedience  j)f  the  Loue, 
&c;  r.  A  groundly  InstructiO  of  the  MaiisGlorv,  in 
the  Beginning :  o^  his  Fall,  Death,  Ac ;  ».  A  loue- 
ing Exhortacion  written  and  sent  vnto  an  IIows- 
holde,  that  arc  ioyned  to  the  Famyly  of  Loue,  d:c; 
t.  An  harty  Exhortacion  vnto  the  most-zealous  good- 
willing  Hearts  to  the  Kiehteousnos,  &c. ;  u.  A  Chas- 
tising and  Reproofe  of  Whoordom,  &c 

J.  n.  Hessels. 
Chesterton  Road,  Cambridge. 

(^Tohe  continued.) 


CHAUCER'S  « COL-FOX  "  AND  "GATTOTHED."    i 

I.  "A  col-/oXf  ful  of  sleigh  iniquitd  " 

The  Nonne  Frestea  Tak,  1.  394. 

A  col-fox  is  a  cunning  fox,  though  Bailey  ex- 
plains it  as  a  black  fox.     The  prefix  col-  occurs  ' 
again  in — (1)  "colle-tregetour"  {House  of  Fame j 
L  187);  (2)  "col-prophet/'  a  false  prophet^  and 
(3)  "  col-poyson." 

"  Whereby  I  found  I  was  the  heartless  hare. 
And  not  the  beast  col-prophets  did  declare." 

Mirrour  for  MagistrateSy  ed.  llaslewood,  ii.  74. 

"  CiA-propheCs  lying  skyll."— /^.  ii.  75. 

"  Col'praphet  and  cole-poyson  thou  art  both." 

Hevwood,  iCp.  80  (quoted  in  Wright's  Prov. 

JJiCl.) 

'WCole-hnyf  in  Townley  MystericSy  may  be  ex- 
plained either  as  treacherous  knife  or  cruel  knife. 
I  am  not  aware  that  any  satisftuttory  etymology 
of  the  prefix  cCd  (or  cok)  has  biien  givon  by  Eng- 
lish glos>avy-inak<?r^.  •Stratnianu  unfortunately 
omits  col- fox  in  liia  vnhuible  Enrly  EtujlUh  Die-  . 
thnary.    Jamieson  gives  **  Corn.  Aa//  =  cunning."  j 


I  think  however  we  may  look  for  the  origin  of  this 
prefix  in  a  quarter  where  one  would  least  expect  to 
nnd  it,  that  is,  in  the  adjective  cool  (ot  cold),  whudi 
we  sometimes  employ  m  a  sense  more  expreanTt 
perhaps  than  elegant.  In  Early  English  authon 
we  find  cald  or  cold  used  in  the  sense  of  craftji 
cruel,  &c. 

**  And  )>er  wat3  \>q  kyng  kajt  wyth  calde  (tieacheioiiBv 
cruel)  pr}'nces." 

AUit,  Poemt,  ed.  Morris,  B.  L  1315. 

"  Callo  hem  alle  to  my  cort  |>o  ealde  (ciuming,  know- 
ing) clerkkes."— 76. 1. 1662. 

In  '*  colwarde  nnd  crooked  dede3  "  (Ih,  p.  42, 
1.  181)  we  seem  to  have  colwarde  in  the  sense  of 
craftv,  cunning,  which  may  he  identical  with  the 
Shetland  word  calwart,  somewhat  cold.  (See  Ed* 
monston's  Etymolog.  Gloss,  cf  the  Shetland  tmd 
Orkney  Dialects;  Philological  Society,  1866.) 

In  the  Troy  Book  (now  being  edited  by  Mr. 
Donaldson  for  the  Eany  English  Text  Society)  I 
find  (p.  89, 1.  2710)  cold  wirdis^=  cruel  Aktes:  in 
Robert  of  Gloucester's  Chronicle,  ed.  Heame,  L  131, 
cole-red  occurs  in  the  sense  of  cruel,  cold-blooded 
counsel ;  but  the  Cotton  MS.  Calig.  A.xi.  reads  eoid§ 
red ;  cf.  colde  comfort  in  Nash^s  P^er  Pemmleu,  ed. 
Collier,  p.  11.  There  is  written  authority  for 
cold  poison  (cold  pizon),  which,  however,  I  will 
not  quote.  Cold  prophet  is  more  common,  and 
Nares  has  several  instances,  but  tho  following  is 
from  Lyly's  Euphues,  ed.  Arbor,  p.  78  : — 

"  Ton  may,  gentleman,  accompt  me  for  a  colde  prophit 
thus  hastely  to  devine  of  your  disposition." 

II.  Lyly's  use  of  gayye-toothed  in  the  sense  of 
lascivious  illustrates  gat-tothed  (Prologue  to  CanL 
Tales,  1.  470.) 

"  If  shee  be  gagge-toothed,  tell  hir  some  merry  jest  to 
make  hir  laughe." — Evphuesy  p.  116. 

The  term  seems  to  have  been  applied  only  to 

women :  — 

"The  poets  were  ill-advised  thatfained  him  (i.  e.  Pride) 
to  be  a  leane  gag-toothed  beldame.'" — Nash,  Peter  Pemd' 
lessj  p.  31. 

As  gagge-toothed  appears  to  mean  "  having  teeth 
standing  or  projecting  out  (cf  denies  exerti,  yag~ 
teethf  or  teetn  standing  out,"  Noinenclator,  1585. 
p.  29,  quoted  in  IIalliwell*s  Archnic  <md  Provincki 
Dictionary)  there  is  no  need  to  suppose  that  gat  =i 
goat,*  as  some  etymologists  have  suggested.  It 
seems  evident  that  a  yat-toothed  (or  gayge-toothed) 
mouth  originally  meant  a  coarse,  sensuous  mouth, 
indicative  of  the  owner*s  temperament.       M.  R. 

_^ J 

*  Gat  is  n  Northern  form  of  the  word  goat,  for  which 
Chaucer  would  write  got  or  g(wt^  as  in  Prol.  1.  690,  whert 
a  Northerner  would  have  written  gat. 


4»S.  IV.  Oct.  80, '69.1 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE& 


S58 


BALLAD:  ««MY  POLL  AND  MY  PARTNER 

JOE." 

In  an  anonymous  work  entitled  Hereford  Ca- 
thedral,  Cityj  and  Neighbourhood ;  a  Handbook  for 
Visitors  and  Residents  (3rd  edit.  Hereford,  18^7,) 
the  authorship  of  this  ballad  is  attributed  {Cdy 
Guide,  p.  03)  to  William  Havard  (bom  1736,  died 
1811),  the  son  of  a  small  shopkeeper  in  Hereford, 
who  came  to  London  almost  penniless,  and  by 
industry  and  ability  eventually  obtained  the  posi- 
tion of  a  partner  in  the  banking  firm  of  Jones, 
Loyd;  &  Co.  It  is  asserted  that,  besides  this  song, 
he  contributed  several  nautical  pieces  to  Dibdin  s 
collection.  The  writer  makes  these  statements 
very  confidently,  and  without  any  allusion  what- 
ever to  the  fact  that  for  eighty  years  "  My  Poll 
and  my  Partner  Joe "  had  been  universally  re- 
ceived as  the  production  of  Charles  Dibdin.  Let 
us  therefore  see  what  Dibdin  himself  has  to  say 
on  the  subject. 

In  1803  appeared  77ie  Professional  Life  ef  Mr. 
Dibdin,  written  by  himsdf  Together  vnth  the 
Words  of  Six  Hundred  Songs  selected  from  his 
Works,  In  the  second  volume  of  this  autobio- 
graphy the  author,  relating  the  several  incidents 
connected  with  his  proposed  voyage  to  India  in 
1788,  speaks,  amongst  other  things,  of  the  neces- 
sity for  raising  funds  for  that  purpose,  and  of  his 
offering  whatever  he  could  for  sale  to  assist  in 
attaining  the  object.  He  tells  us  he  sold  several 
of  his  compositions  to  music-sellers-,  and  complains 
of  the  fmall  prices  he  obtained  for  them.  Thus 
he  says  (p.  239) :  — 

**  *  The  Waterman,'  better  known  by  the  title  of  *  My 
Poll  and  my  Partner  Joe,'  which  certainly  cleared  tlie 
publisher  two  hundred  pounds,  I  was  compelled  to  sell 
for  two  guineas;  and  *Jfothing  like  Grog,' also  a  very 
popular  sonpc,  yielded  me  no  more  than  huf  a  guinea.  I 
shall  here  insert  some  of  the  songs  I  allude  to.*^ 

Then  follow  thirteen  ballads,  amongst  which 
(at  p.  260)  is  "My  Poll  and  my  Partner  Joe." 
This  is  accompanied  by  an  aquatint  illustratioo  by 
Miss  Dibdin. 

Thomas  Dibdin  (the  son  of  Charles)  included 
the  ballad  in  the  collection  of  his  father's  aongs 
edited  by  him,  and  published  by  Murray  in  1841, 
the  subject  being  one  of  those  selected  for  illus- 
tration by  George  Cruikshank.  (By  the  bye,  both 
artists,  Miss  Dibdin  and  Cruikshank,  have  chosen 
the  same  incident — the  expulsion  from  the  house 
by  the  outraged  seaman  of  his  faithless  wife  and 
partner— for  their  illustration,  but  how  different 
the  result!) 

I  shall  feel  obliged  if  the  author  of  the  Here- 
ford handbook  or  any  other  person  will  state 
what  proof  exists  of  Mr.  Havard's  having  written 
the  ballad.  I  should  also  like  to  know  what  are 
the  nautical  pieces  which  Mr.  Havard  oootri- 
buted  to  Dibdin's  collection  (what  particular  col- 
lection /a  meant?),  and  whether,  seeing  thai  1m 


snmved  the  pubUcation  of  Bibdin'e  I^femomU 
Life  some  eight  years,  he  took  aoj  atepe  to  maort 
his  own  claiin,  or  to  deny  that  of  Dibdin  to  the 
authorship  of ''  My  Poll  and  my  Partner  Joe.'' 

W.H.HuiK. 


GRAY  AND  JUVENAL. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  readers  of  '^  N.  ft  Q.** 
will  be  among  those  who  know  well,  and  d^ght 
in,  the  exquisite  Ladn  alcaics  of  Gray  written  at. 
the  Grande  Chartreuse,  specially  the  stanzas-^ 

**  PrasentiorBin  et  conspidmns  Deum, 

Per  invias  rapes,  fera  per  joga 

Clivosqne  prnmptoe,  sonantet 

Inter  aquas  nemortunqoe  noetem, 

Qnam  si  repostaa  sab  tnibe  dtre& 

Folgeret  aoro  et  Phidiaci  mano.** 

Many  also  will  know  the  passage  which  appeaw 

to  have  originated  the  thought  Sine  grandiT  and 

beautifully  expressed.    There  can  be  uttle  wmht, 

so  ibr  aa  I  am  aware,  of  its  being  found  in  the 

third  aatiie    of  Juvenal,  twelfth  to    aixteenth 

verse:  — 

**  In  vallem  Egerie  desosndimns  et  ipelonees 
DifsimilM  vvria.    Quanto  prastaBdot  ssaet 
NamtD  aqaas,  viridi  ai  margine  daoderet  andas 
Herba,  nee  ingvoaam  violarent  marmora  tophom." 

But  it  was  not  till  Tecentbr  tliat  an  indirect  con- 
firmatdon  of  Gray's  uae  of  this  paatage  auggiatoi 
itself  to  me  on  observing  it  stated  by  Mr.  Sim- 
cox,  in  his  edition  of  Juvenal  jnat  published  bj 
Mesan.  Rivingtona,  that  ^pnesentiua"  waa  the 
very  reading  for  ''  prssstantiua  ^  adopted  bj 
Pithou,  the  neat  authority  on  the  manuacnnt 
text  of  Juvenal.  Mr.  Simcoz  alludes  to  this  bou 
in  his  introduction  (p.  xxiv.)  and  in  a  note  oo  tbe 
passage,  though  he  adopts  "  prsdstantius  "  aa  cor- 
rect At  the  aame  time  Gray  would  no  doubt 
have  been  aware  of  the  general  apnlication  c^  the 
word  '' prsssens  "  in  regard  to  divimty,  aa  referrsd 
to  by  the  editor  just  quoted  in  Vlrgil'a  JBe,  L  S| 
and  Oeorg,  i.  10. 

While  I  have  my  pen  in  hand,  may  I  adc 
whether  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  could  tell  ua 
anything  fnore  explicit  about  the  manusciipt  of 
Juvenal  once  at  Buda,  but  now,  according  to  Mr. 
Simcox  (int,  p.  xzL),  **  said  to  be  at  Monte  Pes* 
salo  **  P  Fbangib  Tsxaos. 

IsUpBeetary. 

Shaxibpeabi:  Squslb  op  Cotswold.— - 

••There  was  I.  and  little  John  Doit  of  StaflbraiUnk 
and  black  George  Bare,  and  Francis  Pickbone,  and  Witt 
Sfmekf  a  Ooimveld  mamf  you  had  not  foar  ioch  twiafla- 
boeklen  in  all  the  inns  of  eoart  agahL" — KmgHmqf  ir* 
Fart  IL  Act  III.  8c  9. 

So  saya  Justice  Shallow.  In  the  fbw  editiooa  I 
haye  oeea  able  to  oonanlt  no  attempt  ia  made  to 
identify  any  of  theae  worthiea*  audi  amnot  Yaiaed 
iniiiaiiiithitiideoCeoimBeiituMa.  BatlneeBdy 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


tl^S.IT.Oci^M.'M. 


^nn^-Mi  the  owner  of  a  folio  copy  of  Sir  Walter 
Btlegli'a  Hiitorie  ^  the  World  {1IS14),  conlaiaiog 
muiT  monHnalia  of  a  moat  miecelJivDeous  character, 


man  J  muginalia 

from  whicQ  I  give  four  extracts :  — 

"  Shunne  S'  Antbony  liintons  &  S'  George  Green feilds 
companv.  Paia  Fisher,  .Squeal  nf  CoUall,  mj-lonl  Xeddy 
ar»  needy  eompnny,  good  01 "' ' 


lmi-theE,M'We«loh, 
ill   theu   upon  WUl 
■i  Walker,  Will  Ki 


nphty  Slylea.  S'  Vmphry  Foaler.  S'  Coi 

MyVordSoniill,S'A!-       "        

Arthnr  Jock  Walkprn  man, 

Smvthea,  Sjiifui  o/C(rf««,  Jl..— 

Iry,'  Tlncent  de  la  Barra,  4  Fraunois  Paulmee.    My 
Neddy  P«ulalt."—i.  152. 

"  Mr  Squad  of  CotiaU  marry  et!iPoor;Freemfln'8  daagh- 
Wr."— ii.  a  43. 

"Sliunnc  I'avn  Fisher  absolutely,  Squmi  o/CotiaU  re- 
WjluKly."— ii.  450. 

Several  previous  owners  hare  iaacribed  their 
Dames  in  the  book,  but  the  followbg  seema  to  be 
the  earliest :  — 

"John  Knapton  of  Knieton  iny«  Coooly  Of  Warwick, 
FjUB  Libsr  Anno  Dom.  1709. 

From  tbe  drcumetnncea  alluded  to  in  the  MS. 
ttatea,  oa  well  as  from  the  handwrttiDg,  I  conclude 
the;  were  -written  about  1635-1U40.  Cotawold 
in  the  paaaage  cited  is  variously  printed  Cottole 
•nd  Colloid,  and  Shakeepeare  has  elsewhere  Gd' 
taU.  W.  C.  B. 

Am  Eebobin  Crabb  Kobiksoh'b  "DiAitT." — 
Crabb  Eobinaon  in  hia  JXajj/,  November  24, 182.3 
(ii.  260),  has  fallen  into  a  ungular  error,  which  it 
is  almost  as  sing-ulor  to  find  that  the  editor  has 
overlooked.  It  may  be  worth,  perhaps,  a  correc- 
tioD  in  "N.  &Q."  KohinBoniachronicliiiKthQ  trial 
of  "  one  of  Cnrlile'a  men  "  in  the  Kind's  Bench  for 
blasphemy,  and  narrating'  how  a  barrister  named 
IVencb  spoke  in  mitigatiDn :  — 

now  that  blasphemi'  is  juiliGed  by  Act  of  Pi 
Tbi*  roused  Lord  £!lenboniugh:  'Tba 


not  be,  &1 


Kialtiea  on  denying  the  Trinity  JuttifV  blaepbemy.* 
[a  was  a  very  sore  subject  to  Lord  E1fenborou(;h.  on 
aeconnt  of  the  imputed  heCcrodosy  of  the  Bishop  ofCar- 
liale,  hil  father." 

Thus  writes  the  diarist  of  an  occurrence  which 
lie  may  be  eupposed  to  have  witnessed  i  jet,  na 
a  matter  of  fact,  Lord  Ellenborougb  had  retired 
from  the  bench  just  five  years  before,  and  was 
indeed  dead,  while  tbe  Chief  .Justice  at  this  time 
was  Abbott,  afterwards  Lord  Tenterden. 

C.  T.  B. 

LABKUta  OR  PRACTiciLJoKiso.— la  the  follow- 
ing stag'  an  exception,  or  can  other  examples  be 
quoted  P  — 

"...  Or  ai  when  tlie  two  gunllemen,  stranEpra  lo  the 
woudcraus  vituflhe  place,  are  craekinf!  a  liottle  tufcptber 
at  some  iuii  or  laveni  at  Salisbury,  if  Uie  grent  iloody 
wlio  acts  the  part  of  a  madman,  as  well  ns  some  of  bis 
ntters-on  do  that  nf  n  fool,  slioub!  uittle  bis  chains,  and 
dreadfully  bunt  fuitli  tbe  i^uniblln^  ciilcii  aloii);  the  gal- 
lery; the  rrif;lite(l  strangvrd  stand  agliast,  scared  nl  the 
liorriil  sound,  tbey  seek  some  pUce  of  eholter  from  tbe 


ipproacbine 
idiuit  their  exiL,  wuum 
threBleninB  fury  now 
Hlitoiy  of  a  Foundling, 


id  If  the  vell-baired  windows  dU 
leir  necks  to  eicue  Uit 
.pan  them."— Flddioc 

W.  P. 


49,  book  vi.  ct 


Staok  Coach  TEivmxcf a  circa  1820 :  — 

A    New    ^  Elegant  Light   Post   Coach 

7o  LONDON,  tctrg  AfUrmoot,  at  0»t  o'iiiKi, 

(only  four  ioaidei)  from  tba 

SARACEN'S     HEAD     IHH, 

T,  LIVBRrOOL,  i.VD  AKBirKS  AT  TBK 


At  Warrington 

Itrereton  Green < 

Newcastle I 

8andon  

Bnpper  and  off 1 

At  Unierton_ 1 

Litchfield 1 

Change  Coocbci  and  off    1 

AtTamvrorth 

Atherston 

Lnlterworth 

Breakfast  and  off I 

At  Welford ' 

Northampton ' 

Letbbnry I  : 

Wobnrn ... 


i 


iir: 
Iff 

0.^  IS* 

III 


table.... 


Kedbom  ... 
I  Dinner  and  off.... 

AtColney 

London 


5?  I- 

To  taritt'at  LosDOS  at  4S  BiiHHi«/iiat7  o'chei pndm^. 

The  above  is  the  copy  of  a  printed  card,  with- 
out date,  but  which,  from  the  circumstances  nndet 
which  I  found  it,  is  probably  of  about  1820.  Os 
the  back  of  the  card  is  a  copperplate  map  of  tha 
line  of  road  traversed  by  The  Umpire,  including 
the  neighbouring  roada.  John  W.  Bosk. 

Lacdahtth.— Tbe  curioua  diaiy  of  John  Mu- 
ningham  in  the  British  Museum  (Harl.  H3. 
No.  6.153}  baa  lately  been  ably  edited  from  tha 
original  manuscript  by  Mr.  John  Bruce,  and  pra- 
sented  to  the  Camden  Society  by  its  presiaaD^ 
air  William  Tite.  It  embniceB  tbe  year  1608. 
terminating  with  the  month  of  April,  1603,  ana 
contains  much  novel  nnd  intereating  matter.  At 
p.  40  we  are  made  acquainted  with  the  first  in- 
troduction of  laudanum  Into  Engltuid,  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  diari^it,  was  used  na  the  chlorofonn 
of  that  time : — 

"Thi>rc  is  a  cerlaine  kindo  of  compound  callnd  Ltnida- 
nvm,  which  may  be  had  at  Dr.  Tu^ler'^  nppotbecary.  In 
Ilishopgate  Strcate,  the  virtu*  of  it  ia  verv  soueraigna 
tu  miligato  suie  payne  ;  il  will  for  ■  tyme  lay  a  nun  in 


NOTES  AND  QUBMES.' 


S61 


•  Bw»le  tniDji.  M  Dr.  Pitrry  tolil  me  he  tried  in  a  fbner, 
anil  hia  sisler  Mrs.  Turner  in  Mr  childbirth." 

n.  A,  Kentiedt, 

GaySlrctt,  Baih. 

ALnERT  Smith's  Ascest  of  JIont  Blasc — 
There  is  no  mentioa  of  Keaa  in  the  list  of  ai 
sioniBta  of  Mont  Diane,  oa  given  in  tbe  Quide 
Itiniraire  of  1857,  bj  ^'enance  Payot,  which  is 
eaid  to  be  copied  from  the  official  book  at  Ch&- 
moimi.  This  work  was  recooimeaded  to  roj  no- 
tice by  Albert  Smith  on  account  of  this  U«t, 
'Wherein  English  munes  are  given  in  veiy  nimark- 
Kble  forma. 

Of  the  107  RScensionistabetireBn  1766  and  1856 
72  were  British.  Tboie  who  went  up  on  Aug.  13, 
1851,  nil  clajsifled  "  AngUis,"  nro  atated  to  have 
been  "  Smith  (Albert),  CU.  0.  Ilov,  Philips, 
TBckeyilla  Honor,  Wea(iithait(G.M.).''  I  believe 
Tackeville  Honor  was  the  Ilonorable  Siickvillo 
West,  but  I  cannot  imagina  who  the  gentleman 
was  who  bote  the  reiuarkiiblenanieofWeiuithait. 
Among  others  who  were  "  .\nglids  "  I  find  — 
"13.  UaiIret1,Cai>itaino  .    lSaoa(,lSIS, 

27.  Pedwel       ,        '    .  .23  aout,  1887. 

[iO.  Alpedecolatt  .  .      gjulll.  1852. 

ea.  EnslochniUom     .  ,    16  k&U  18S4. 

73.  Ricbowor,  X.B.     .  .    2  kil  ]8a4. 

79.  Luinlianl  .  .    IS  id.  18S4. 

89.  Eirslacehndnous,  M.         .    18  id.  ISM. 

92.  Comthor  Bulcrasa  .    30  loOt,  1866. 

05.  Thabalnman         .  .    IS  id.  I8S5." 

HBHRr  F.  PORBOHBV, 

JoDRiTiusTio  HiaToRr. — I  have  foraome  jetia 
taken  an  Eoglihli  provincial  iiewiipAper,  not  only 
because  it  ia  one  of  the  lie«t,  but  for  its  weekly 
letter  from  Paria,  which  ia  always  well  written 
and  abouniis  with  facta  wholly  unknown  in 
France.  1  have  just  met  with  a  bit  of  history 
which  I  think  ia  amonij  the  "  things  not  generally 
known"  in  England.  The  writer  ia  trying  to 
persuade  the  emperor  to  respect  tbe  new  liberty 
of  the  preas,  and  to  proceed  agwDat  calomniaton 
by  civil  action. 

About  the  end  of  the  la^t  century,  when  Qeo^e 
HI.  recovered  his  aenses,  the  OaillemimAdiieHuer 
stated  that  the  king  hod  not  only  been  neglected 
(Iris  mal  toignf),  but  that  his  life  hod  been  en- 
dangered by  the  phyaicians,  who  were  Pitt's 
friends.  Pitt  was  enraged  and  determined  to 
lupprtti  the  papa;  but  the  king  refused.  He  sent 
for  his  physiciana,  told  them  that  be  had  confi- 
dence in  thvir  words,  and  asked  them  if  they  would 
Bpnin  sign  the  bulletins  which  stated  Uiat  hxa 
life  hod  never  been  in  danger.  They  replied 
""Willingly"  (dc»  dciu:  iiiaiiu).  "Very  well," 
said  he,  "  you  know  the  laws  agiunst  defamatdon, 
and  you  ought  not  to  let  them  fall  into  deauctnde: 
and  do  not  forget  those  papers  which  have  coped 
the  GeiUleman  Adixiiiier." 

So  far  I  have  slightly  compressed  tfae  story, 
but  must  give  the  rest  in'tho  author's  word* : — 


"Thackeray,  rUtoMraThackmj.de  qui  jsUenil'anee- 
dote,  ajODlait  que  U  Gaakman-Advertiter  nvait  A6  aai- 

damn^haut  In  main,  a  1.01)0  llvm  d'ameniUenvers  lea 
mrteciiw,  et  lea  joamaui  reproductenra  &  600  Uvrea 
chacnn,'  que  depuii  ddlijugs  on  n'svilt  la  fenille  qsel- 
conqitD  a'aveaturant  dans  dea  details  meaaoosera  aur  la 
tanti!  da  ml." 

The  articla  b  signed  "  Parts,  Octobre  14, 1869," 
Faria  is  the  name  nf  tbe  paper  of  wluch  li, 
Henry  de  Pino  ia  the  editor.  Fuzbofkiiis. 

Beauvais,  OcC  15. 


DOES  THE  PELICAN  FEED  ITS  TOOSQ  WITH 
ITS  BLOOD? 

From  recent  researches  it  appears  that  then 
may  be,  after  all,  a  subatratam  of  fact  nnderlving 
what  haa  been  hitherto  regarded,  save  by  taeo- 
logiana  and  ecclesiastical  deconttois,  as  an  almoat 
groundlHs  myth. 

Mr.  Bartlett,  tlie  superintendent  of  the  gardens 
of  the  Zoological  Society,  at  the  concltiaion  of  an 
interesting  paper  (which  appears  in  the  first  port 
of  the  Pi-ocecdlnyt  of  the  above  society  for  the 

E resent  year)  upon  a  peculiar  habit  of  the  male 
om-bili^  viz.  the  feeding  of  hia  incubating  mate, 
during  her  forced  iinpriaoDment,  with  friuts  in- 
closed in  a  kind  of  bag  formed  by  a  secreticm 
from  the  lining  of  hia  marital  gizzard,  proceeds  to 
describe  a  somewhat  aimilnr  habit  of  the  flamingo. 
Some  speciuienu  of  this  bird  were  kept  in  Va» 
samenvinry  with  the  cariamaB  (a  South  American 
stork);  and  the  latter,  as  is  their  wont,  often 
turned  up  their  bills  and  uttered  discordant  oriea. 
Thereupon  the  flamingoea.  probablyon  the. 
tion   that  hunger  waa  the  cause  of  tl 

onces,  held  their  heads  over  the  gaping    

the  storks,  andejected  into  them  a  glutinoua  fluid 
resembling  blood.  This  was  found,  on  micro- 
ecopicsl  examioatimi,  to  contain  nnmeroiu  blood- 
celb. 

'•  Have  we  bete,"  Mfs  Hr.  Baitlatt,  *  an  explawstton 
of  tbe  old  aloiy  of  tu  pcUeu  ftoding  lis  jauni  wttk 
Ita  awn  blood?  I  think  wabivei  A)f  the flaalnm wa% 
and  to  Mill,  found  plendfally  In  the  eeratrr  aOndad  ip  | 
and  it  inay  be  that.  In  the  trattJstlon,  the  babU  of  hi 
bird  baa  bam  tten^bcmed  to  tht  other.  At  aqy  nt%  I 
have  no  donbt  that  the  flaminn  fteda  Ha  young  ty  ue- 
eorging  iti  iiod,  aa  ibowB  by  the  bloody  neretlon  thai  I 
Itudeiested  by  then  biidi  In  theli  andaavoon  to fted Oa 
crsviag  cariaoa).  Ttaii  halnt  has  been  otearved  and 
remarked  npon,  and  bu  donbtleaa  led  to  what  wa  have  M 
long  considaird  a  (able.    I  hAvs  ret  lo  learn  if  the  atiM 

Caveimaj  not  esiat  in  lbs  pelicaiis,  and  perbapaia  othsi 
InlB,  of  >applyioB  iiatrimcnt  to  tbeirfaung  by  thSM 

Sir  Thomas  Browne,  in  the  coarse  of  his  oIh 
servations  upon  the  traditional  figure  of  the  pelican 
(i^9M«j(>(£ui(i  rpidenaca,  book  v.  chap,  i.),  vriQt 
reference  to  the  I^ptian  hien^lypnic  of  tliia 
turd— an  emblem  ofjoByj  by  Uto  way,  in  that  it 


362 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«i>  S.  IV.  Oor.  80^  "M. 


TTM  reputed  to  take  but  small  care  of  its  eggs — 
quotes  the  following  from  one  Pierius : — 

'^Sed  quod  pelicanum  (ut  ctiam  aliis  plerisque  por- 
suasura  est)  rostro  pectus  dissccantcm  pingunt,  ita  ut 
sao  sanguine  filius  alat,  ub  .'Egj'ptiorum  historia  valdo 
alienum  est,  ilii  enim  vulturcm  tantimi  id  facere  tra- 
diderunt." 

I  am  not  aware  that  the  vulture  has  been  seen 
to  exercise  a  habit  like  that  recorded  of  the  fla- 
mingo by  Mr.  Bartlett. 

Aristotle's  remarks  upon  pelicans  are  very  brief, 
and  are  scattered  through  his  Hidoria  Animalium, 
Hd  makes  no  reference  to  the  habit  which  is  the 
subject  of  this  note.  J.  C.  Galton,  F.L.S. 

l^w  University  Club. 

J.  Ster  Bristow  (of  Eusmere  Hill,  Hants)  is 
author  of  Ave  volumes  of  Poems,  published  in 
1853.  Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  the  date 
of  his  death  ?  Some  of  his  poems  appear  to  have 
been  written  in  the  early  part  of  this  century. 

li.  Inolis. 

Barksdale  (Clement),  Henry  Smith  and 
George  Wither. — I  shall  be  much  obliged  by 
references  to  any  libraries  wherein  any  of  the 
following  books  and  tractates  may  be  consulted, 
or  for  (short)  loan  of  any  of  them :  — 

(I.)  Barksdalk  (C.) — Epigrammata  Sacra  Sclecta, 
cum  Anglic&  Ycrsione.  Sacred  Epigrams  Englished. 
London,  Printed  for  John  Barksdale,  Bookseller  in  Ciren- 
cester. 168*2.  12<>.  *»*  A  copy  was  sold  in  Mr.  Corser's 
Library-Sale. 

(IL)  Smith  (IIknry). — Ivrisprvdcntiie  Medicimu  et 
TtuBoloji^  DlaIo>(vs  dvlcis,  Authoro  II.  Smith,  Theologo. 
Londini,  excudebat  L  Danter,  iropensis,  Thomas  Maw. 
1692.  16mo.  *,*  Given  as  above  in  Mr.  Hazlitt'.s  Hand- 
book, 

(IIL)  George  Wither. —  [The  numbers  arc  from 
Mr.  Uazlitt's  Handbvok,  abridged  titles.] 

1.  Mercurius   liusticus ;  or,  a  Countrev  Messenger. 

1643.    No  23. 

2.  Majestv  in  Misery :  an  Imploration  to   the  King 

of  Kings.     1648.    No  40. 

3.  The  Tired  Petitioner.     1648.     No  AX 

4.  Verses  presented  to  several  Members  of  the  House 

of  Commons.     1648.     No  44. 

5.  The  True  State  of  the  Case  betwixt  the  King  and 

Parliament.     N.  d.     No  45. 

6.  The  Prophetical  Trumpeter  sounding  an  Allarum 

to  Britainc.     N.  d.    N'o  46. 

7.  A  Thankftdl  Retribution.    164H.    No  48. 

8.  Kespublica  Anglicima;    or.  The  Historic  of  the 

ParlianuMit.     IGoO.    N"  00. 

9.  A  Letter  to  the  Honourable  Sir  John  Dauvers,  Knt. 

N.  d.    No  52. 

10.  A  Tiinelie  Caution.    1652.    N"  54. 

11.  TiieMiKlern  Statesman.    1654.    No  57. 

12.  A  Cause  allegorically  8tate<i.     1657.     No  62. 

13.  Address  given  to  Richard  Cromwell.     N.  d.    No  64. 

14.  A  Declaration  in  the  Person  of  O.  Cromwell.    N.  d. 

No  {jb. 

15.  Address  to  the  Members  of  Parliament  in  their 

Single  Capacities.     1657.     No  66. 

16.  A  private  Address  for  the  3«i  of  September.    1658. 

No  r,[). 

17.  The  Sinner's  Confession.     1658-9.    No  70. 


18.  Vaticinia  Poetica ;  or  rather  a  Fragment  of 

Presages.     1666.    No  92. 

19.  Vox  Vulgi.    Being  a   Welcome  Home  from  tha 

Counties,  &c.    N.  d.    No  93. 

20.  Gcmitus  de  Carcere  nantes ;  or,  Prison  Sighfl  and 

Supports,  &c.     1684.    No  95. 

No.  6  18  probably  a  reprint  of  a  portion  of 
Britain  s  Remembrances  (1628).  No.  7  may  prove 
to  be  his  Carmen  Eucharisticon  (1640),  No.  17 
his  Three  Private  Meditations^  No.  18  as  No.  6^ 
and  No.  20  his  Improvement  of  Imprisontnad 
(1661).  No.  8  is  said  to  be  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum Library,  but  I  could  not  find  it  there.* 

Having  now  secured  personally  and  by  faTOur 
of  fellow  book-lovers  the  whole  of  the  writings 
of  V^ither  except  the  above,  I  am  extremely 
desirous  to  have  access  to  them  in  order  that  my 
calculations  and  preliminary  arrangements  may  be 
made  for  a  complete  and  worthy  edition,  prose 
and  verse,  of  the  works  of  George  Wither — a  too 
long  delayed  desideratum,  that  I  hope  to  supply 
in  my  Fuller  Worthies*  Library, 

(Rev.)  a.  B.  G&osabt. 

St.  George*8,  Blackburn,  Lancashire. 

[The  lieplies  to  these  Queries  should  be  forwarded 
direct  to  Mr.  Grosart.] 

Black  Cow's  Milk. — In  an  article  in  Cham' 

berss  Journal  of   May   13,   1869,  called   "The 

Revolutionised  Trade,    a  writer  says :  — 

**■  One  very  curious  fact,  however,  must  be  borne  In 
mind — the  milk  from  a  black  cow  is  bluer  than  that  of 
any  other  cow.  The  reader  may  perhaps  smile  incsreda- 
lously  on  reading  thi^  but  it  is  true  nevertheless,  and  can 
no  more  be  accounted  for  than  the  equally  puzzling  foct 
that  all  white  cats  are  deuf." 

The  **  equally  puzzling  fact''  is  a  fiction.  How 
about  the  black  cow's  milk  ?  St.  Swithht. 

Ranelagk  Berwick. — I  have  a  portrait,  siie  of 
life,  of  a  gentleman  with  a  powdered  wig.  On 
the  back  of  the  canvas  are  inscribed  distinctly 
these  words :  *^  Ranelagh  Berwick,  after  Eccar^ 
1745."  Can  anybody  tell  me  anything  about  the 
person  portrayed  P  A.  R. 

Derivation  of  Glen. — Will  any  of  your  con- 
tributors kindly  help  me  to  some  explanatioii 
concerning  the  derivation  of  the  word  Glen  bo 
frequently  met  with  in  topography  of  Scotland  P 
sucu  names  as  Glcnbuckot,  Glenogilvy,  Glen- 
eagles,  Glenling,  Glengill,  Glenroy,  Finglen,  && 
This  prefix  or  aiiix,  as  the  case  may  be,  is  usually 
assumed  to  be  Keltic,  I  confess  to  some  scepti- 
cism in  regard  to  what  is  usually  accepted  u 
Keltic,  and  shall  be  glad  to  have  this  explained 
from  the  Teutonic  point  of  view.  Q.  B.  0. 

Lady  Heard. — Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
kindly  inform  me  what  has  become  of  Lady 
lleard'd  portrait.^     She  w^as  wife  of  Sir  Isaac 

[*  It  is  entered  in  the  old  Catalogae  under  the  word 
"  Parliament.*'    The  press  mark  1098,  c.  25.— Ed.] 


4»S.iV.  Ocr.30,'69.1 


NOTES  AKD  QUEEIEa 


Heard,  Oarter  King  at  Arms,  and  the  picttira 
used  to  be  in  HeraltU'  College.  I  should  fdso 
like  to  fanow  if  there  be  anj  of  ber  desMudaate 
tlO«r  livin;;.  Her  first  husband  was  CapL  Ochtei- 
louy,  a  ahip-masler.  Any  particulnn  of  this  lad;r 
would  be  gladly  I'sceived  by  H.  A.  Baikbkidob. 

24,  RiUdclI  Road,  Keoaine'^it. 

PkKK  HTACiNTnE. — I  am  searching  for  speci- 
mens  of  Pfire  llyadaihu'i  style.  Of  his  con/ii-eitca 
at  Notre  Duniu  sbnrthand  notes  o(  1866  [La 
Ihmille)  and  1867  (The  Charchnnd  Societ;/)  have 
been  published,  but  I  think  in  an  emMculated 
form.  Of  the  1804,  1885,  and  18U8  coii/Srcnca 
nothing  is  knnvrn. 

Can  auy  of  yniir 'correspond ents  tell  me  in  what 
French  papers  I  shall  tind  any  notes  of  those  con- 
ftrenri*,  or  give  ma  any  information  likely  to  be 
of  servi&e  to  me  P  J.  Fcllek. 

LiBOCRiNO  CNDBR  A  MisTASB. — When  and 
under  what  circuiustAtices  was  this  expreaiioD  first 
UMdP  If  1  say  to  a  serrimt,  "  Go  and  walk  in 
the  garden."  auU  his  hearing  beinc  not  very  acute, 
he  misunderstanda  luo  to  have  said  "  Oo  and  ^ 
in  the  garden,*'  and  he  accordingly  goes  and  works 
foT  an  hour,  he  may  well  say  afterwards  he  was 
"lahoudng  under  a  misttike."  But  the  expres- 
non  is  now  continually  med  where  no  labour  is 
implied;  ex.  gr.  I  hnre  juat  read  in  a  newspaper 
the  excuap  of  a  guardian  for  not  attending  a  cer- 
tain meeting,  lliat  he  wm  "  labouring  under  a 
mistake  "  as  to  the  time  of  the  meeting. 

E.V. 

Labsb  Pipes  Cofies  or  Books. — There  is  an 
old  rule  that,  in  diatribuling  the  margin  of  large 
paper  copies,  the  space  of  the  fore-edge  and  tail 
should  be  exactly  twice  the  width  of  that  at  the 
back  and  head  of  the  page,  I  apprehend  that  thia 
rule  was  made  to  allow  the  hook  to  be  cut  by  the 
Ittnder  to  match  any  eize,  not  less  than  the  small 
paper,  without  spoiling  the  volume.  In  veUum 
copies,  the  larxe  outside  margin  was  left  for  the 
illuminator.  Every  lorer  of  a  handsome  book 
delights  in  a  "rivulet  of  print  in  a  meadow  of 
margin,"  but  it  is  ntfunuive  to  the  eye  to  have  the 
page-matter  driven  into  a  comer,  as  if  from  the 
pater's  necessitous  want  of  chaaet  and  fumilure. 
What  ia  the  most  approved  modem  method  of 
distributing  the  marsin  of  large  paper  copies  of 
books?  e     r-r-  ^^  j, 

PAKap.Tmfo,  OR  Flasteh  Work. — "Where  can 
I  find  inrormution  abnut  fine  examplea  of  thia 
kind  of  work  ?  I  know  the  house  at  Ipswich,  and 
the  remncka  in  Parker's  Gloaaiy  of  ArehiUciiirt, 
John  Fiaeor,  Jus. 
Old  Pewtbb. — Can  any  correspondent  tell  me 
l>ow  to  determine  the  date  of  old  pewter  P  What 
is  the  best  method  of  cleaning  it  when  verrmueli 
■  d  with  dirt?  G.  W.  M. 


PaoTKRB,— "  A  pin  a  day  ia  a  groat  a  year." 
Did  this  proverb  originate  when  pins  were  much 
more  costly  than  now,  or  is  it  a  saying  of  modem 
invention  f  G.  W.  IL 

Bachxl  wBEPina  fob  ma  OniLDBm.  —  In 
the  book  of  Jeremiah  (sxxi.  IS),  the  prophet 
describes  the  Jewish  nation  mourning  over  their 
Beveral  captivities  under  the  reeemblanoe  of  a 
mother  lamenting  over  her  dead  children.  Thia 
passage  has  just  suggested  to  me  the  veir  in- 
teresliDg  quesuon — -Had  Jeremiah  read  the  lUad, 
and  may  not  the  simile  have  been  taken  from  tlu 
story  of  NioboP  E.  V.  ■ 

The  Reoicidbs  in  Dkut.  — The  regiddes 
Okey,  Barkatead,  and  Downing,  who  had  made 
their  escape  to  the  Nciberlsnds,  were  seized  in  ut 
alehouse  at  Delft,  and  sent  back  to  England  to 
undergo  the  pennltics  of  high  trenson.  Sir  Georgo 
Downing  was  their  captor.  1  was  at  Delft  a  few 
days  Mnce,  and  endeavoured  to  leam  in  what  ale- 
house this  event  took  place,  but  was  not  auccett- 
ful.  Probably  yon  have  readers  in  that  beaulifdl 
old  town  who  could  enlighten  me.  If  the  spot 
be  known,  1  am  anidous  to  visit  it  when  I  next 
take  a  stroll  in  the  Low  Conntries. 

Edwakd  Pkaoook.  - 

Bolterforf  Manor,  Brigg. 

Scottish  Rebalia. — Are  the  crowns  shrywn  b 
Edinburgh  Castle  the  crowns  which  James  V. 
caused  to  be  made  for  himself  and  hie  second 
queen  out  of  the  gold  got  &om  the  Crawford  muir 
mines  P  A.  FALONnOL 

Wot  Herriogfton. 

SuizismBX.— The  derivation  is  wanted  of  thia 
surname  occurring  in  North  tJtaflbrdahire. 

J.  L.  C. 

FAMiust  OP  STBiu.Lxr  AND  Vatasofr.— ThsM 
seems  but  little  doubt  that  the  following  tbiM ' 
statements  refer  to  one  marriage.  Can  any  cof- 
respondents  of  "  N.  &  Q."  say  which,  if  any,  it 
the  correct  version  P— (1)  Dr.  Tboroton'a  Htdorf 
of  NottmghanuMrt  atatei  that  Sir  Robert  Strellaj, 
of  Strelley  in  Nottinghamshire,  married  Elisa- 
beth, danirhter  and  heiress  of  William  le  Vava- 
sour of  Shipley  in  Derbyshire ;  (2)  Burke's  Bx- 
Htd  Peerage  alBrma  that  Sir  Thomns  Strellej 
of  Nottinghamshire  married  Elizabetb,  daughtv 
and  heiress  of  Walter  le  Vavasour,  who  was  sum- 
moned to  Parliament  as  a  baron,  July  SO,  1318; 
(3)  Burke's  Comnioncri  states  that  Sir  Robtft 
Strell<^y  of  Nottinghamshire  married  Eliiabatl^ 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Robert,  second  Buoa 
Vavasour,  eldest  son  <^  Sir  William  le  VavMO^ 
of  Haslewood  in  Yorkshire,  who  wsa  eummoaad 
to  ParUament  as  a  baron  from  1306  to  13IS. 

SwoKo  or  TKB  Buck  Pbdioi. — This  dis^ 
petted  team  the  tomb  in  Canterbaij  Gotbednl 


364 


XOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4<»S.IV.  OCT.SO,VI: 


during  the  ciyil  ware,  ftad  a  paper  in  The.  Reli- 
quary of  January  last  bj  Mr.  Tliomaa  Gibbous 
contains  nhat  appears  a  clue  to  its  Trhereabouts. 
The  subject  of  tiie  paper  in  queation  is  the  biO' 
graphj  of  Tbomsa  Barritt,  the  aDtiquary  of  Man- 
cbester,  ybo  liad  in  bis  possuuiiin  an  oaciunt 
BwoTd,  which  aeemB  to  haco  been  the  one  stolen 
from  Canterbury,  I  ahnuld  like  to  knoir  where 
this  awnrd  ia  at  the  preseot  time,  and  also  if  the 
facts  related  in  The  RcUqtiary  are  known  to  Can- 
terbury antiquaries.  The  article  in  queation 
contains  a  letter  from  "  Os.  lleauvoir,  Meat«r  of 
the  King's  School,"  in  answer  to  a  letter  written 
by  Barritt  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Oostlin^  of  Cncter- 
burj,  asking  his  opinion  on  the  aword.  The  eon 
of  ifr.  Oostling  seems  to  have  asked  Mr.  Benu- 
voir  to  answer  the  letter  written  to  his  father, 
wbo  at  the  time  (1778)  had  been  dead  two  years.* 
Grouse  Bbdo. 

C,  Polron  Itoad,  Brixton. 

Gkoeqb  I'lscEHT.— This  clevar  landscape  and 
marine  painter,  who  might  liave  rivalled  somo  of 
the  first  of  the  painters  of  hia  day,  died  younp', 
in  debt  and  diificiiltics,  about  thirty-llTe  years 
since.  lie  left  awidow,  who  afterwards  mairied, 
At  Kentish  Town,  a  Dr.  Cunoni.  There  must  be 
some,  both  in  that  neighbourhood  and  at  Norwich, 
alill  surviving  who  road  "  N.  &  Q,"  and  might 
afford  information  as  to  the  date  and  place  of 
^'incent'a  birth  and  death,  with  other  particulars 
which  would  as«8t  me  in  some  record  of  n  painter 
■whose  works  will  surely  not  leave  his  name  in 
obscurity.  S.  R. 

KcEsiiigton. 


De.  TnoMAS  FcLLKE. — Was  it  customary  to 
give  a  B.D.  the  honorary  title  of  Doctor  by  anli- 
dpatiou,  honorii  catud f  The  writer  had  a  sight 
lately  of  a  rar«  petition  from  Westniinster  and 


peace."  "  Dr.  Fuller,"  with  three  others,  is  therein 
stated  to  have  presented  it  to  the  king  nt  Oxford 
on  Jan.  7,  104:i-3,  Could  thia  have  been  the 
famous  cburcli  liistoriati,  Thomas  Fuller,  wbo  did 
not  receive  his  degree  of  D.l).  until  IfiOI  ? 

B.i. 

^Tbii  was  the  Cliarch  liuloriaiu  Hy  Die  L'tiiversitf 
autfcriiitiont  it  n|>pEarJ  that  Tliomo!!  Fiillur  took  tlie 
ilGgrtu  of  U.I).  on  the  lllh  uf  Juao,  1(1:<.'>.  AlMUt  1G41 
he  left  Broail-WiniLiar  for  Ixindon,  oud  was  cluHen  Liy 
tlie  Jluslcr  »iiil  BroClierhuiHl  of  the  Savoy  to  urrtipl  tlic 
lijcturcuhip  at  their  cliurch  uf  St.  llary,  w!h,tc  hu  ciui- 
tlnuBil  for  about  two  years,  uiilil  c"iiiiN;ll«rt  hy  the  dis- 
InictiunB  of  Hint  period  to  Inko  rofii;;o  in  Oxfuril.     I.'pon 


[•  This  faniPd  Bwi.nl  ig  nolind  in  •' :f ,  i  Q."  1"  S.  i.  I 


I  Inuocenta'  day,  during  the  preceding  weak  of  the  pnaen- 
tation  of  the  ]i«tition  fur  "  an  occomtnodaUon  of  peao^' 
Fuller  preached  a  sermon  at  the  Savoy  from  St.  llatthaw, 
V.  9,  "Uleued  are  the  peace-miken,"  in  which  ha  be- 
cihly  exposed  Che  unchristian  character  of  war,  Its  oppo- 
sition to  the  aiiirit  of  prayer,  Hiitb,  and  obedleaoe.] 

VAiinRAcr_ — Wna  the  vambrace  that  piece  -of 
armour  that  defended  the  whole  arm  from  shonlda 
to  wrist,  or  from  elbow  to  wrist;  or  again,  turn 
ahoulder  to  elbow  ?  I  have  been  dying  for  soma 
time  to  find  out,  and  shall  be  much  obliged  to 
any  correspondent  ivho  will  inform  me. 

NKPHBin. 
[Vamhnco,  from  the  French  onnl-inu,  ii  that  part  of 
plnte-urruour  which  extended  from  the  elbow  to  the  vrUt. 
At  llrst  half  b  vmnbrace  covering  only  the  outiida  of  ths 
foreBrm,  was  liucklci  upon  the  sleeve  of  the  hauberk,  or 
fastened  to  hint-ea  on  the  rings  of  the  mslL    . 


spring  or  claap  on  the  outside.  A  deed  of  Hanry  T., 
}iiw'  of  England,  in  the  second  valDma  of  the  BiiL 
Jlartur,  shorn  how  eaHy  was  the  costoui  of  annlng  oaa 
arm  dilferently  from  the  other,  and  a  seal  of  Sdward  HI. 
seeois  to  carry  it  liack  still  farther.— U^iick'a  .^isasal 
Armour,  vol.  iij.  Glossarj-.] 

Gboboe  Fo.v.— The  date  of  the  deatli  of  tlie 
founder  of  the  Friends  or  Quakera  is  left  in  doubt 
by  the  conflicting  infoi-mation  ofTorded  in  tbs  fol- 
lowing works  of  reference.  It  is  given  asfbUom: 
The  L'ni/lith  Cyelopadia,  following  Sewell'i  Hi^ 
lory  of  t!ie  Quakeri,  January  13,  1631  {  Siege. 
Britt.,  January  10,  1C90 ;  Timba's  CWwwtiM  of 
London,  quoting  the  title-page  and  text  of  Foki 
Journal (oublished  1C04J  "  13th  of  thellth  month, 
IGHO."  No  allowance  for  the  differences  of  cw 
and  new  atyle  will  reconcile  these  discrepaodeL 
Can  vour  readers  fix  the  date  accuratelv  P 

W.  C.  J. 

[According  lo  A  MnnDir  of  Gt»rgs  Fox,  Land.  WI9, 
and  the  seventh  edition  of  George  Fox's  Jo^rmd,  edit*! 
by  Wilson  Arniistead,  18D2,  the  fonader  of  the  Qoakan 
died  on  the  13th  of  the  eleventh  lacnth,  160O,  that  is,  M 
January  IS,  IGOU-l.  Before  1752,  the  Quakers  reckon^ 
their  year  IVom  the  iSth  of  Morch,  which  they  called  tlw 
lir^t  muntli,  and  Jannacy  the  eleventh.  The  Kev.  Jcbm 
Selby  Watson  in  hia  /.i/i  n/  Ge<irge  rax.  Lend.  1860, 
has  erronooti'lv  uiveu  Fox's  death  according  to  the  new 
atyle,  Mov.  13,  IGDl'.] 

Tub  Pied  Piper  of  Hahun.— Having  lead 
Bnring-Gnuld's  Curiaiu  Myths  of  the  Middle  Agm 
(dvo,  18(S8),  noticing  tills  story,  1  am  disappointed 
at  no  satiafactory  ai^ution  being  given  of  it.  3om« 
extraordinary  event,  I  consider,  must  have  cx>- 
curred  to  render  the  insertion  of  the  date  a  necw- 
sity  in  legal  documents.  I  am  informed  tbe 
practice  is  continued  to  the  present  day.  Brown- 
ing, in  his  vei'sea  on  the  tale,  gives  the  data  Julj 
'22,  1378;  but  one  of  the  inscriptiona  tefeind  U 


4*  S.  IV.  Oct.  80,  'C9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


365 


hy  Gould  records  June  26, 1284.    Can  I  be  re- 
ferred to  any  historian  for  a  further  account  P 

W.P. 
[The  Brothers  Griinm,  in  their  remarkable  collection 
-ef  Deutsche  Sagen  (band  i.  s.  830,  No.  244),  cite  a  long 
liet  of  authoritiej  on  this  subject ;  and  after  showing 
that  June  26 — by  some  Juno  22~is  stated  as  the  day  on 
which  the  event  occurred,  quote  the  following  inscription 
preserved  in  the  Town  Hall : — 

^  Im  lahr  1284  na  Christi  gebort 

tho  Hamel  wordcn  uthgevort 

hnndert  und  dreissig  Kinder  dasulvest 

^orch  Einen  Piper  under  den  Kbppen  verlom  gebom.** 

According  to  Grimm  a  medal  was  struck  to  commemo- 
rate the  event.  Our  correspondent  will  find  a  brief  and 
•quaint  version  of  the  story  in  Howell's  Familiar  Letters, 
^Dok  i.  sect.  6,  let.  49.] 

Chamber  of  London. — This  chamber  was  in 
existence  prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  Bank 
of  Englana  in  1694.  Its  credit  was  as  undoubted 
3a  the  bank  of  Amsterdam.  What  was  the  o^ect 
of  this  chamber  ?  Was  it  a  banking-house  P  Who 
were  its  directors,  and  when  did  it  cease  P 

L.  W. 

{The  Chamber  of  London  has  existed  from  the  'earliest 
times,  and  the  appointment  of  its  principal  officer  was 
.anciently  vested  in  the  crown  :  whence  it  was  called  by 
our  early  sovereigns  *'  Our  Chamber  of  London."  Ed- 
ward IL,  by  his  letters  patent  dated  Jnne  8, 1319,  gives 
the  citizens  the  power  to  elect  their  own  Chamberlain ; 
<this  was  confirmed  by  Edward  III.  May  26, 1841.  This 
officer,  as  City  treasurer,  collected  all  maritime  customs 
and  duties  now  appropriated  to  the  Chamber  of  London^ 
■and  was  formerly  the  medium  through  whom  our  sover- 
eigns borrowed  money  from  the  citizens  for  their  r^^ 
necessities ;  in  fact  he  was  considered  the  Banker  to  the 
Court] 

Juliana  the  Anchoeite.  —  I  have   a  little 

32mo  book,  entitled  Beflectiona  of  Julian,  m%  An* 

chorite  of  Noncich,  a.d.  1326  .  .  .  .  :  Bradford; 

1843,  pp.  37.     From  Wood  (Ath.  Oxon,  ed.  by 

Bliss,  iii.   1015),  I  find  that  Hugh  Paulin  de 

dressy,  sometimes  called  Serinus,  published  — 

**  Sixteen  Revelations  of  Divine  Love  shewed  to  a  De- 
<vout  Servant  of  Our  Lord,  called  Mother  Juliana,  an 
Anchorite  in  Norwich  "  .  .  .  •  London,  1670. 

Where  shall  I  find  further  particulars  of  this 
pious  hermit  ?  The  book  in  my  hands  is  dedi- 
cated to  "  William  Bowie,  Esq.,  M.D.  ...  by  the 
editor,  M.  A.  B.  B."  Is  it  a  new  translation  or  a 
reprint  of  De  Cressy's  publication  ? 

W.  E.  A.  A. 

Joynson  Street,  St  range  ways. 

[The  original  editor  of  Mother  Juliana  was  Hugh 
Paulin  Cressy,  who  published  it  in  1670,  and  dedicated  it 
to  Lady  Blount  of  Sodington.  In  his  address  to  th« 
reader,  he  states  :  ^  I  was  desirous  to  have  told  thee  some- 
what of  the  happy  virgin,  the  compiler  of  t\iea»Bevdatiom$; 


but  after  all  the  search  I  coakLnuike^  I  ooold  not  dlaoorer 
anjrthing  touching  her,  more  than  what  she  oocasionalljr 
sprinkles  in  the  book  itself.**  The  beet  edition  of  thb 
work  is  that  reprinted  by  J.  S.  Crossley  of  Leicester  in 
1848,  with  a  prdTaoe  by  G.  H.  Parker  of  Groby.  Coosnlt 
•*  N.  &  Q."  S^i  S.  X.  Ill,  187.1 

EiMBOLTON  Tokens. — Can  any  one  oblige  me 
with  a  notice  of  tradesmen's  tokens  of  Eimbolton^ 
Hunts  P  Is  any  list  of  these  tokens  in  the  Britisb 
Museum  published  P  T.  P.  Febnix. 

Kimbolton. 

[The  following  two  are  given  in  Boyne*s  Tokens, 
p.  118 :  *  «  0.  losiah.  King- 1656.  JR.  of  Kimbolton* 
I.  A.  K.**  (2.)  0.  lohn.  WoUaston- Three  doves  (the 
Grocers*  Arms).  JI.  In.  Kimbolton -I.  W.**  They  are 
farthings.  All  tiie  tokens  deposited  in  the  British  Mosenm 
to  the  year  1858  are  described  in  Mr.  Boyne's  yahiablft 
work.1 

BENEDICTIONAL  QUERIES. 
(4'*  S,  iv.  2W.) 

The  Benedictioiial  spoken  of  by  J.  0.  J.  appeals 
to  belong  to  that  daas,  of  which  Mb.  MAg«TBT.Tr- 
says  that  they  were  occasionally  to  be  andemtood 
rather  aa  Pontificals,  of  which  he  gives  aoiii» 
instances  in  his  DiaaertaUon  on  Service  Booke, 

Lczxiz.  The  only  ezdosiTe  BenedictiooaiUr 
own  are  that  of  St  (Ethelwold,  in  ^e  poam- 
aion  of  the  Duke  of  Deyonshire^  and  another  ia 
the  library  at  Rouen,  said  to  have  belonged  to 
Robert,  Archbishop  of  Canterbniy,  in  1052.  Otiiflr 
Benedictionala  are  contained  in  Pontificals. 

But  inquiry  is  made  by  J.  C.  J.  about  the  liTea 
and  datee  of  certiun  saints,  which  oocnr  in  a  litanT 
of  an  early  Benedictional.  probably  of  the  eleventh 
or  twelfu  century.  These  I  will  take  in  the 
order  in  which  he  mentions  them,  sod  give  what 
information  I  can  upon  them. 

St,  .^j^mA.— Of  tbiasaintlcan  findnoaccount* 

St,  Berhtimu.'^ThiBf  no  doubt,  ia  St  Bertin^ 
abbot,  who  died  in  709,  and  ia  honoozed  on 
Sept  d.  See  hia  Life  in  Alban  Butler  on  that 
day. 

St,  Byrinm  ia  the  celebrated  St  Birinus^  the 
apoetle  of  the  West  Saxons,  Bishop  of  Dorchester, 
in  Oxfordahire.  He  died  about  the  year  050,  and 
hia  feast  ia  on  Dec.  8. 

8L  Judocue,  Jodoc,  or  Joase,  was  a  hermit  la 
France,  who  died  in  609,  and  ms  Life  ia  givea  bj 
Alban  Butler,  on  Dec.  13. 

St,  Athulf, — Of  this  saint  I  can  give  no  account. 

St,  Petrocw, — This  ia  St  Petrock,  a  Oomlah 
saint.  Abbot  of  Padstow  in  the  nzth  oentoij. 
Hia  feaat  ia  Jnne  4^  or  another  St  Patroek,  a 
biahop  in  Cornwall  m  the  ninth  centurjv  whose 
fisaat  18  kept  on  the  same  day.    See  their  lives  in 


366 


OTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4<kS.iy.  OcT.80,'9f. 


Britannia  Sancta  (toI.  i.),  and  in  Alban  Butler, 
June  4. 

St.  Etheldnftha  is  the  same  tis  St.  yEtheldryda 
Etheldreda,  Ediltrude,  or  Audrv,  Abbess  of  Ely, 
who  died  June  23,  079,  on  which  her  festival  is 
kept.  Full  accounts  of  her  will  be  found  in  Chal- 
loner  and  Alhan  Butler. 

8t,Ecrmenhildj  or  Ermenilda,  was  daughter  of 
Earconiborcht  and  his  queen  St.  Sexburga,  and 
married  to  Wulfere,  King  of  the  Mercians.  On  his 
death,  she  became  a  nun  at  Ely  under  her  mother 
the  abbess,  St.  Sexburga;  and  when  she  died, 
succeeded  her  as  abbess,  and  is  honoured  on  Feb- 
ruary 13.  She  died  about  G78.  Her  Life  may 
be  seen  in  Capirrave. 

St,  GJAfelflaed  is  otherwise  called  Edelfled  and 
Elfleda.  She  was  daughter  of  Oswyn,  King  of 
the  Northumbrians,  educated  by  St.  Hilda,  and 
subsequently  abbess  of  a  nunneiy,  which  she 
founded  at  Strenshalt.  She  died  about  G70,  and 
her  feast  is  on  February  8.  See  St.  Bede,  In- 
gnlph  and  Rosweyd. 

St  Sativolaj  or  Sidwell,  was  a  lady  of  noble 
parentage  in  the  eighth  century.  According  to 
Leland,  her  father  was  called  Beuna.  Her  step- 
mother, envious  of  her  possessions,  employed  a 
mower  to  behead  her  at  a  well  near  Exeter.  Her 
feast  is  on  May  17,  but  no  regular  biography  of 
lier  18  to  be  found. 

I  hope  these  brief  notices  will  be  acceptable : 
longer  ones  would  be  unsuitable  to  the  pages  of 
"  K  &  Q."  F.  C.  H. 

jElfeah  is  perhaps  the  same  as  Ailbe,  Alb^e,  or 
Helve  (so  I  observe  the  name  given  in  French). 
He  was  Bishop  of  Emly  in  Ireland,  successor  of 
St.  Patrick,  and  died  towards  527.  I  find  a  very 
extravagant  legend  concerning  him.  Two  lions 
killed  and  devoured  two  of  the  king*s  horses.  At 
the  king's  solicitation,  the  saint  restored  the  horses 
to  life ;  and  then,  in  order  that  the  lions  might 
not  go  away  empty,  he  prayedt  for  a  hundred 
horses,  which  forthwith  issued  out  of  a  cloud, 
and  were  chased  by  the  lions  to  their  lair. 

Berhtimis  is  apparently  Bertin  (in  French).  The 
veneration  of  this  sainted  abbot  was  established  at 
St.  Omer  in  the  eighth  century.  He  was  a  native 
of  Constance,  and  went  with  two  companions  to 
St.  Audemer  at  Th($rouenne,  under  whose  auspices 
he  founded  a  convent  in  honour  of  St.  Peter. 

Byrinus  seems  to  have  been  a  saint  of  great 
celebrity  in  this  country.  I  recollect  seeing  him 
once  designated  as  '*  Spes  Anglorum  "  in  an  old 
litany.  Ho  was  a  missionary,  who  converted  the 
"West  Saxons  and  their  king  tynegisil. 

Judocus,  or  Josse,  appears  to  be  the  same  eaint 
whom  I  find  recorded  as  Jodocus.  He  was  son 
of  Judabel,  King  of  Brittany.  His  elder  brother, 
also  named  Judabel,  succeeded  to  the  throne  in 
the  days  of  Dagobert,  King  of  France  (628-38). 


Judabel  eventually  wished  to  retire  to  a  moiia»* 
tery,  and  to  leave  his  kingdom  to  Jodocus.  The 
latter,  however,  entertaining  a  similar  wish  for 
himself,  made  off  to  Paris,  and  afterwards  to  a 
savage  solitude.  Heinon,  the  prince  of  the 
country,  persuaded  him  to  defer  his  eremitical 
resolve;  meanwhile,  Jodocus  studied  literatnrey 
and  was  ordained  a  priest.  His  fame  as  a  saint 
and  miracle- worker  soon  spread  abroad ;  and  nl- . 
timately  he  removed  to  another  solitude,  and 
founded  a  church  to  St.  Martin,  and  afterwaidL 
on  the  sea-coast,  two  oratories  to  St.  Peter  ana 
St.  Paul.  Not  long  before  his  death,  he  visited 
Rome  at  the  request  of  the  beatified  pope  Martin. 
Among  several  miracles  recorded  of  him  in  the 
enlarged  Golden  Legend,  the  most  noticeable  per- 
haps is  that  which  concerns  his  corpse.  Thia 
remained  undecayed  for  forty  years;  the  naUsy 
hair,  and  beard  growing,  and  being  cut  periodi- 
cally. Jodocus  had  so  far  remembered  his  royal 
birth  as  to  order  that  no  candles  save  of  wax 
should  burn  in  his  mortuary  resting-place.  Three 
monks  once  tried  to  bum  tallow  candles  in  thfr 
building.  Their  attempt  failed ;  and  the  etrietly 
proportionate  punishment  of  sudden  death  to  two 
of  tnem,  and  a  lifelong  contraction  of  the  mouth 
to  the  third,  ensued. 

My  authority  as  to  the  preceding  particulan  it 
the  Dictionnaire  des  Ligenaes  du  ChnstianiMnm^  hjr 
the  Comte  de  Douhet  (1855),  forming  part  of  the 
Encyclopidie  tlUologique  of  the  Abb^  Migne. 

W.  M.  RoflSKRI* 

56,  Euston  Sqaare,  N.W. 


WESTON  FAMILY. 


(4*'»  S.  iv.  246.) 

Your  able  correspondent  Tewars  is  perfectlj' 
correct  in  stating  that  Richard  Westoui  Justioe 
of  Common  Pleas  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth^  had 
no  issue  from  his  marriage  with  his  third  wifi» 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Lovet  of  AstwelL 
CO.  Northampton,  and  widow  of  Anthony  Cave  or 
Chichley,  co.  Bucks. 

As  Tewars  infers,  your  inquirer  Miles  (8^  6L 
ix.  302)  has  doubtless  been  misled  by  a  typogti^ 
phical  error  in  the  pedigree  of  the  Westons  ^ven 
in  Erdeswick's  Jliston/  of  Staffordshire  (edition 
Harwood,  1844,)  which  is  but  an  outline,  and  in 
many  respects  an  incorrect  and  imperfect  one,  of 
the  '*  Westonorum  Familiae  Qenealogia "  by  Sir 
William  Segar,  Garter  King  at  Arms — an  ela- 
borate and  voluminous  MS.  compiled  prior  to  A.3>. 
1632.  The  printed  pedigree  in  Erdeswick's  Stqf'-^ 
fordshirc  erroneously  connects  Nicholas  and  Mar- 
garet Weston  with  the  third  marriage  of  Judge 
Weston,  instead  of  showing  that  they  were  the 
issue  of  the  second  marriage ;  and  it  omits  more- 
over the  name  of  Winefride,  the  elder  daughter 
by  the  said  second  marriage. 


4«^  S.  IV.  Oct  30,  '69.  J 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


367 


These  facta  are  incontestably  proved  both  by  the 
funeral  certificate  and  by  the  will  of  the  deceased, 
the  latter  dated  July  4,  A°  14  Eliz.,  and  proved 
in  the  Prerogative  Court  on  July  21),  1572. 

The  funeral  certificate  of  Richard  Weston,  Esq., 
late  one  of  her  majesty's  Justices  of  Common 
Pleas,  is  to  the  etiect  that  he  died  at  his  house 
called  Skrynes  in  the  parish  of  Roxwell^  co.  Essex, 
on  Saturday,  July  5,  1572,  and  was  buried  at 
Writtle  in  the  same  county;  that  he  married 
to  his  first  wife,  Warborowe,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Catesby  Esq.,  by  whom  he  had  Jerome  Weston, 
son  and  heir,  and  Amphillis,  wife  of  Benjamin 
Tichboume  of  Hampshire ;  that  he  married  to 
his  second  wife,  Margaret,  daughter  of  Eustace 
Bumby,  Esq.,  and  had  issue  Nicholas  Weston 
(second  son),  Winefride,  and  Margaret ;  and  that 
to  his  third  wife  he  married,  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Thomas  Lovet,  and  had  no  issue :  that  the  sole 
executor  to  the  defunct  was  Jerome  Weston,  son 
and  heir. 

I  avail  myself  of  this  opportunity  of  replying  to 
a  query  by  Miles  (3"*  S.  ix.  392)  regarding  the 
descendants  of  Robert  Weston,  Lord  Chancellor 
of  Ireland,  and  brother  of  Richard  Weston  of 
Skrynes  above  mentioned.  By  his  wife  Alice 
Jenyns  he  bad  an  only  son  John  and  three  daugh- 
ters— viz.  Alice,  who  married  (1)  Hugh  Brady, 
Bishop  of  Meath,  and  (2)  Sir  Geoffrey  Fenton, 
Principal  Secretary  for  Ireland,  whose  daughter 
Catherine  married  Richard  first  Earl  of  Cork; 
Etheldreda  Weston,  who  married  Sir  Gideon 
Aunshani  of  Heston,  co,  Middlesex  ;  and  Elizabeth 
Weston,  who  died  in  Ireland  unmarried.  Robert 
Weston  died  a.d.  1573,  and  was  buried  in  the 
cathedral  of  St.  Patrick,  Dublin  (of  which  he  was 
the  dean),  beneath  the  altar.  His  recumbent  effigy, 
arrayed  in  his  cbancellor's  robes,  still  lies  in  the 
upper  stage  of  the  monument  of  the  Earls  of  Cork 
in  the  above  cathedral.  His  son,  Dr.  John  Wes- 
ton, LL.D.,  Canon  and  Treasurer  of  Christchurch, 
Oxford,  had  by  his  wife,  Anne  Freeman,  a  son 
John  and  three  dauyrhters — viz.  Anna,  who  mar- 
ried William  Piers,  Bishop  of  Peterborough,  sub- 
sequently translated  to  Bath  and  Wells;  Elizabeth, 
who  married  Dr.  Thomas  Isles,  D.D. ;  and  Dorothy. 
Dr.  Weston  died  ad.  1033  at  Oxford.  John 
Weston,  M.  A.  Oxon,  only  son  of  the  preceding,  was, 
like  his  father,  in  holy  orders,  and  was  for  some 
years  a  prebendary  of  Peterborough.  He  married 
Mary,  daughter  of  William  Piers  of  Fulham,  co. 
Middlesex,  and  sister  of  Bishop  Piers  abovemen- 
tioned.  During  the  Commonwealth  he  was  one 
of  the  many  cler^ry  who  sutiered  sequestration  for 
attachment  to  the  royal  cause;  and  he  died  A.D. 
16(J0,  prior  to  the  restoration  of  the  livings  of 
which  he  had  been  deprived.  His  son  Henry 
Weston  married  Mary,  daughter  of  John  Buckler 
of  Radipole,  co.  Dorset,  and  subsequently  became 
possessed  of  Lane  House  and  other  landis  in  that 


county,  which  have  descended  in  the  family,  and 
are  now  held  by  his  great-great-great-grandson 
Mr.  W.  H.  P.  Weston  of  Wolveton. 

AcciPE  Hoc. 


THE  "EDINBURGH  REVIEW"  AND  SHAKE- 
SPEARE. 

(4«»»  S.  iv.  249,  338.) 

Mb.  Prowett,  in  discussing  certain  points  raised 
in  the  Edinburgh  Review^  reyerts  to  the  oft-dis- 
puted passage  in  Hamlet  — 

"  The  dram  of  eah 
Doth  all  the  noble  substance  of  a  domt 
To  his  own  scandal." 

He  proposes  to  read  — 

"  The  dram  of  ea/e  [cc«7,  or  vinegar] 
Doth  all  the  noble  substance  over-clout." 

Mb.  Keiohtley,  in  his  Shakspeare  Expositor  (the 
only  book  of  Shakspeare  criticism,  and  in  itself  a 
host;  that  I  have  at  hand),  proposes  — 

"  The  dram  of  evil 
Doth  all  the  noble  substance,  out  6*  doubts 
To  his  own  scandal  .  .  .," 

thus  treating  the  sentence  as  truncated.  It  strikes 
me  that  some  elucidation  of  this  passage  may 
possibly  be  got  out  of  another  note  of  yours  (4'** 
S.  iv.  293),  though  professedly  on  quite  a  different 
subject— **  English  Wines."  II.  W.  R.,  the  writer 
of  that  note,  observes :  '^  As  a  caution  to  wine- 
bibbers,  Maplett,  in  his  Green  Forest  (1667),  says 
'  that,  the  ele  being  killed  and  addressed  in  wine, 
whosoever  chaunceth  to  drinke  of  that  wine  so 
used  shall  ever  afterward  lothe  wine.* "  Now,  is 
it  not  possible  that  wine  in  which  an  eel  had 
been  dressed  may  itself  have  been  technically 
termed  eel  [eale]  P  and,  if  this  is  possible,  would 
it  not  be  admissible  to  understand  in  this  sense 
the  phrase  in  Hamlet  ?  We  should  thus  have  no 
need  to  emend  the  word  eale  in  any  way;  but 
one  other  emendation — not  a  very  violent  one — 
might  be  suggested,  the  converting  "  of  a  "  into 
"  often."  The  passage  would  then  stand  thus  (in 
modem  spelling) :  — 

"  The  dram  of  eel 
Doth  all  the  noble  substance  often  doubt 
To  his  own  scandal " ; 

t.  e.  '*  the  dram  of  eel-dressing  [vitiated  wine]  doth 
often  doubt  [bring  into  suspicion  and  disrepute! 
the  noble  substance  [of  pure  wine],  to  the  scandal 
and  discredit  of  said  substance.*'  This  is,  in  fact, 
the  same  statement  as  that  made  by  Maplett,  a 
writer  of  the  Shakspearian  age,  whose  assertion 
evidently  embodies  a  popular  superstition,  pre- 
judice, or  axiom  then  current. 

While  on  the  subject  of  Hamlet,  I  am  tempted 
to  call  attention  to  another  passage  also  the  occa- 
sion of  much  controversy  ;  but  I  must  guard 
myself  against  being  supposed  to  say  that  the 


368 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*&iy.  omso^tn 


curious  verbal  coincidence  I  point  out  ifl  anything 
more  than  that.  If  other  and  more  competent 
investigators  sh^d  think  it  suggestive  of  any 
further  inquiry,  be  theirs  the  task.  The  passage 
in  question  is  the  well-known  phrase  of  xiamlet 
(Act  III.  Sc.  2),  "  Marry,  this  is  mivhing  malicho : 
it  means  mischief."  Mr.  Keightlet  says,  **  For 
michinfj  malicho,  which  is  nonsense,  I  read  mucho 
malhechoj  Sp.,  i,  c,  very  ill-done  " — iJearljr  an  in- 
genious, apposite,  and  persuasive  explanation  of  a 
puzzling  term.  The  coincidence  which  I  wish  to 
point  out  is  this :  The  Evil  Spirit  or  Devil  of  some 
of  the  North- American  tribes  bears  a  name  very 
similar  in  sound  to  miching  malicho — viz.  Mitche 
Manito.  My  authority  is  Longfellow's  Iliaicatha, 
T^hich  speaks  of — 

**  Mitche  Manito  the  mighty, 
Ue  the  dreadful  Spirit  of  EvU." 

If  it  could  be  at  all  supposed  that  Shakspeare's 
miching  malicho  represented  mitche  manito,  the 
speech  of  Hamlet  would  have  an  expressive  idio- 
matic turn,  corresponding  to  "  It  is  Beelzebub,*' 
or  '^  It  is  the  very  devil :  it  means  mischief." 

W.  M.  ROSSETXI. 
56,  EoBton  Square,  X.W. 


TOPLADY'S  OWN  LINE  IN  "ROCK  OF  AGES.** 
(4»'»  S.  iv.  67,  100.) 

"When  my  eye-strings  break  in  death"  is 
lightly  given  by  Mr.  Daniel  Sedgwick  in  his 
faithful  reprint  of  Topiady^B  Hymns  and  Sacred 
PoemSy  p.  103. 

Those  who  alter  and  improve  hymns  are  com- 
monly sentimentalists,  who  could  not  write  what 
they  alter  because  they  do  not  understand.  Any 
one  can  spoil  a  hymn,  as  is  shown  in  the  altera- 
tions of  hymns,  which,  in  a  thousand  cases  to  one, 
are  for  the  worse.  It  is  remarkable  to  see  how 
earnest  those  are  who  have  spoiled  the  hymns 
of  others  in  the  requests  whicn  they  put  forth 
that  their  own  may  not  be  touched.  Any  dead 
or  anonymous  hymn-writer  is  thought  to  be  fair 
game. 

But  not  only  do  I  believe  that  the  alterers  do 
not  imderstand  them,  but  I  suppose  that  the 
authors  wrote  what  they  meant  to  say.  Now, 
do  the  eyelids  close  in'  death  ?  Do  thev  not 
require  the  friendly  office  of  another  ?  "VVhence 
then  this  phrase,  and  what  its  meaning  ? 

A  similar  expression  occurs  in  the  account 
of  the  state  of  Melanchthon,  apparently  dj'ing, 
when  visited  by  the  holy  Martin  Luther.  Seck- 
endorf  says,  '*  Fracti  eratU  ocxdi,  intellectus  pene 
amissus,  lingua  defecerat  et  auditus,  vultus  conci- 
derat,"  &c.  (Seckendorf,  lib.  iii.  §  Ixxxiii.  11.)  I 
take  this  quotation  from  Miraculous  Faith  and 
Experience  of  the  Church  of  Christ,  by  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Boys  (London,  1832,  p.  10\),    On  the 


preceding  page,  in  a  footrnott,  Mr.  Boyi 
that  in  Boos  (Seformation^'GeiMcMe,  iL  471) 
the  phrase  is  "  Die  Augen  waren  ihm  g^deh 
gebrochen,"  and  he  adds,  **  The  breddug  oC  tin 
eyes  seems  to  mean  that  the  muscles  which  mova 
the  eyeballs,  lose,  on  the  approach  of  deSitliy  tin 
power  of  fixing  the  view  on  any  object ;  the  con- 
sequence of  wnich  is,  that  the  two  lines  of  Bglit 
no  longer  converge/'  &c 

For  the  last  thirty  years  and  more  I  haTO  been 
accustomed  to  regard  the  words  dted  hjr  Hr» 
Boys,  and  his  remarks,  as  fully  illastratioff  whet 
Toplady  wrote,  not  indeed  in  the  artilleiiil  taete 
of  sentimental  hymn-alterers.  laJELTDB. 

P.S.  In  TVilhelm  Tea  (Act  IV.  Scene  8),  Schiller 
uses  a  phrase  which  may  illustrate  the  ezpxeenoo 
of  Toplady,  and  what  was  sfdd  of  Melanchthoo. 

After  Qessler  has  been  shot  by  Tell|  Stiisii 
says,  in  order  to  intimate  that  he  is  in  his  mortal 
agony  — 

**  Sieh,  wie  er  bleich  wird— Jetzt,  jetzt,  tritt  dnXod 
Ihm  aa  das  Herz — die  Augen  sind  gebroehem,** 

I  never  heard  that  any  have  improved  the  exMO»' 
sion  of  Schiller  by  turning  it  into  some&ing 
which  he  neither  said  nor  meant  to  saj.  Wlnr 
can  they  not  leave  Toplady  alone  P  If^  as  peopb 
sa}*^,  the  change  is  more  elegant  and  poetioilf 
could  not  Toplady  aud  Schiller  judge  thu  better 
than  the  improvers?  Do  they  not  remember  that 
the  eyelids  ao  not  close  in  death  ?  or  do  they  ms^ 
pose  that  as  the  eyes  are  closed  bj  othersi  it  la 
all  the  same  to  say  that  they  close  (ue,  doae 
themselves)  P 

I  would  refer  your  querists  on  this  sulgect  ta 
Shakspeare*8  Cymbdine,  Act  I.  Sc.  4 :  — 

<*  I  would  have  broke  miue  eye-strings ;  crack'd  them,  but 
To  look  upon  bim." 

W.  CB. 


BUSHEL. 
(4»»»  S.  iv.  150.) 

In  addition  to  the  information  given  to  Mil 
Jaceson*8  inquiry  respecting  Thomas  BnaheL  it 
may  interest  him  to  Know  that  at  one  period  ef 
his  life  he  lived  a  recluse  on  the  Call  of  Men. 
Bushel  had  been  a  favourite  of,  and  attendant  on^ 
the  Lord  Chancellor  Bacon,  and  had  spent  a  dis- 
solute life  about  court.  After  the  fall  and  deatii 
of  his  patron,  he  appears  to  have  entered  into 
mining  speculations ;  which,  after  various  snocess. 
ended  in  loss.  In  his  melancholy,  he  determined 
to  retire  for  a  season  from  the  world  to  unsociable 
solitude  in  the  desolate  island  called  the  Calf  ef 
Man. 

In  a  MS.  History  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  mitten 
probably  by  Mr.  Blundell  of  Crosby,  about  1656, 
now  in  possession  of  the  Clerk  of  the  BoUs^ 


/ 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


CfistletowD,  b  the  copy  of  n  statetnent  made  bj- 
Mr.  liusbel  in  bis  mineral  overturo  to  the  Par1ia~ 
ment  nbich  runs  thus :  — 

sudden  Ml  anil  dentil  of  my  late  fritiid,  the  Cliancellor 
Bacon,  in  King  James's  reign,  vni  the  motives  n'bich 
persmiled  my  nmsire  retirement  to  a  three  years'  tin- 
sociable  Bolitaife  in  Ihc  desolate  inland  calleil  the  Calf  of 
Man,  nhere,  in  obedivnce  to  my  dead  lord's  jihilosopbical 
advice,  I  resolved  to  inalie  >  perfect  experiment  upon 
myselrfor  obtaining  a  long  and  liealthy  life  (most  neces- 
sary for  such  a  r«|)entBiice  as  my  former  debauebeilnejB. 
required]  as  by  a  parsimonious  diet  of  herbs,  oil,  mualard, 
and  honey,  with  water  sufficient,  most  like  la  that  of  our 
loDg'tived  forefathers  before  the  flood  (as  was  conceived 
by  that  Lord),  which  I  most  strictly  observccl.  as  it 
obli^d  by  a  religious  vow,  till  Divine  ProTideuce  colled 

lie  built  for  himself  a  hut  on  the  very  summit 
of  the  ialaad,  at  a  height  of  four  hundred  and 
seventy  feet  above  tlie  sea,  and  on  the  verge  of  nn 
almost  pei-pendicular  precipici!.  It  consists  of  a 
single  room,  with  n  narrow  entrnucs  to  it,  and  at 
one  side  a  recess  of  about  three  feet  wide  and  six 
feet  deep,  probably  intended  to  contain  his  bed. 
The  iviaa  of  this  but  exist  at  the  present  day.  It 
appenrs  that  ho  obtained  from  Charles  I.,  in 
conjunction  with  Lord  Godolphin,  leave  to  coin 
money  at  Abereaky  in  Wales,  and  their  mine 
yielded  at  one  time  one  hundred  pounds  worth  a 
^veek  of  silrer,  besides  half  aa  much  lead.  Bushel,  ' 
it  is  said,  gloried  in  a  coat  splendidly  buttoned 
all  over;  whence  aroao  the  common  jest,  on  the 
disgrace  of  the  Cbrmcellor,  that  ha  made  buttons 
and  his  man  Bushel  wore  them. 

_  The  publication  of  Mn.  Jacksok's  MS.  might 
pive  many  additional  particulars  respecting  the 
Lfe  of  this  "  iogenioua  and  learned  man." 

W1IJ.IA11  Harrison. 

Rock  Mount,  Iile  of  Man. 

[In  the  Xtimber  of  The  Booiicorm  just  issued.  Mr. 
Jack!«-(  will  iind  (pp.  142-1),  a  very  interesting  notice 
of  Bushel's  Abridgment  i.f  Iht  Lnrd  Chancetlar  Baeon't 
Fhilaiuphical  Tktaiy  in  Mintral  Froittution;  a  collection 
of  tracuwbich  leaves  no  doubt  on  ihemindof  the  writer 
of  Ills  article  tbat  Bushel  "  was  tlie  canal  through  which 
rail  the  fortunes  of  Lord  Bacon  to  b«  sunk  in  nnproStable 
mining  schemes."  The  article  is  illustrated  bv  an  en- 
graving of  "Mr.  Wushers  Golden  Medal";  and  Mr. 
Jterjeau  aski,  what  wr  alto  should  be  glad  to  be  informed, 
whether  anv  eo;iv  of  Ihi^  medal  is  knonn  to  numis- 
matiali?~£D.  "S',  i  (i."] 


TRnUTliECK  FAMILY. 
(4'"  S.  iv.  27(1.) 
Early  in  ilie  fifteenth  century  this  family  flou- 
rished in  Ilerlfurdshire,*  whoi^  they  bad  great 
possessions  in  land.  Ity  an  inquisition  taken  at 
Watford  in  that  county,  nn  the  Saturday  neit 
after  the  feast  of  St.  Valentine,  anno  38  Hen.  VL, 

•  Clutterbuck's  Hiit.  iUrtt,  vol.  i.  p.  ^46. 


it  was  found  that  William  Troutbeck,  Ent,  held 
at  the  time  of  his  death,  in  his  demesne  in  fee  \sA, 
the  manor  of  Oxeye  Hichard,  by  virtue  of  a  fine 
leyiedin  the  Octayea  of  the  Purification  of  tha 
Blessed  Virrin  Mary,  anno  23  Hen.  IV.,  between 
John  Troutbeck,  Epq,,  and  Margery  his  wife, 
plaiutifFs;  and  John  Vampage  and  Richard  Toun- 
lay,  deforeient  {$ic) ;  whereby  it  was  settled  on 
John  Troutbeck  and  his  wife  Margery,  and  their 
heirs,  with  remainder  to  the  right  heira  of  Mef- 
eery ;  that  John  Troutbeck  and  Margery  had 
issue  William  Troutbeck,  Ent,  son  and  heir,  who 
died  on  Saturday  before  the  first  of  SL  Michael 
the  Archangel  teen  last  past.  This  manor  con- 
tinued vested  in  the  abbot  and  convent  of  St^ 
Albans  until  the  time  of  the  dissolution  of  relf- 
giouB  houses,  when  it  came  to  the  crown.  The 
genealogy  of  this  family  is  very  brief,  and  may  bo 
found  in  the  Harleion  and  Additional  MSS.  B.  U. 
The  earliest  mentioned  is  William  Troutbeck  of 
Stoney-Donham,  who  married  Joanna  .... 
she  died  31  Hen.  VI.  They  had  issue  one  son^ 
John  Troutbeck,  who  married  Margery,  daughter 
and  heir  of  Thomas  Holeti,  Esq. ;  she  nos  baptiseob 
at  Watford,  county  Herts,  8  Hen.  V.,  1420.  They 
had  one  son,  William  Troutbeck,  who  married 
Joanna,  daughter  of  William  Riaton,  Esq.  They 
had  issue  one  son,  John  Troutbeck  of  Traffont 
Bridge.  CO.  Chester.  He  married  Margret,daughter 
and  heir  of  Thomas  Hulse,  Esq.,  of  Norbury,  who 
had  issue  between  them,   John  (who  I  presume 

I  died  young)  and  William  Troutbeck,  who  was 
knighted,  and  resided  at  Brynos  Castle  in  Wer- 
mll.  He  married  Margret,  daughter  to  Thoma* 
Lord  Stanley  of  Codnor,  and  was  slain  at  Blore- 
heath  in  1469 ;  his  widow  married  again  to  Lord 
Qrey.  The  sdd  Sir  William  and  Marvret  hal 
issue  three  sons  and  three  daughters — William, 
the  first  bom,  married  Joanna,  daughter  to  Robert 

I  Moleneux  j  Adam,  the  second  son,  married  Mar> 

Serie,  daughter  to  Sir  John  Butler ;  they  had  one 
Hughler,  Margaretta,  who  married  to  Sir  John 
Talbot  of  Grafton  ;  the  third  son,  Robert  Trout- 
beck of  Trafcrd,  married,  but  of  her  name  tuid 
parentage  no  account  is  given,  in  this  the  manuscript 
oedigree  is  deficient.  They|bad  three  daughters, 
I  Mary,  Elizabeth,  and  Alice — Mary  maraed  to 
Edmond  Denny,  Baron  of  the  Exchequer,  of  Chesf 
hunt,  CO.  Herts ;  from  whom  the  Dennies  of  Nor- 
folk descended:  Elizabeth,  married  to  Thomas 
Crew  of  Holt;  and  Alice,  married  to  Hi^h 
Elunter  of  Churton.  Joanna,  the  daughter  of  Sir 
William  Troutbeck  of  Trafi'ord  Bridge,  married  to 
Sir  William  Bolter,  and  secondly  to  Sir  William 
Orifieth  j  Elizabeth,  the  second  daughter,  married 
.Uexander  Houghton,  Esq. ;  and  Alice,  the  third 
daughter  of  Sir  William  Troutbeck,  married  to 
Sir  WillUm  Oruffey,  Knt. 

The  coat  of  arms  worn  by  the  Troutbeck  and 
Talbot  families  irere,  vix.    Azure,  three  tionts 


370 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


L4tbs.iv.0c*.s«.-a. 


fretted  in  triangle,  one  looking  toward  the  base, 
and  the  other  two  to  the  dexter  and  sinister  chief. 

W.  WiNTEBS. 
Church  Yard,  VValtbam  Abbey,  Essex. 

P.S.  If  Mr.  3^1.  D.  Day  wishes  to  correspond 
privately,  address  as  above.  I  ani  in  possession  of 
much  matter  connected  with  the  collateral  branches 
of  the  noble  family  of  Dennies. 


Bells  for  Dis8e>'ting  Churches,  Chapels, 
ETC.  (4}^  S.  iv.  65,  82,  123,  207;  360.)  — It  is 
known,  as  I  remarked  in  "  N.  &  Q."  of  July  24, 
that  many  Roman  Catholic  churches  in  England 
have  tower  bells,  and  the  same  may  be  said  of 
those  in  Ireland. 

A  word  now  touching  the  peal  of  eight  bells 
lately  cast  by  Mr.  Murphy  for  the  Boman  Catholic 
cathedral  in  Tburles.  Your  correspondent,  J.  G. 
of  Hull,  having  stated,  on  the  authority  of  a  news- 
paper, that  ''  the  Archbishop  of  Cashel  has  pro- 
nounced this  peal  to  be  the  largest  and  best  in 
the  kingdom,"  the  following  query  ought  to  be 
answered  at  once: — What  is  the  weight  of  the 
tenor  or  largest  bell  ?  Thomas  Walesby. 

Goldeu  Square. 

Napoleon  I. :  Master  Burke  (4'*'  S.  iii.  309, 
894.) — Master  Burke  was  a  native  of  Galway,  in 
which  ancient  city  his  father  was  a  ph3'6iciau  in 
good  practice.  At  a  very  early  age  young  Burke 
displayed  wonderful  talents  for  music  and  the 
stage.  The  instrument  on  which  he  excelled  was 
the  violin,  his  earliest  teacher  being  a  Mr.  Mac- 
gilavry,  a  performer  of  note  in  those  days,  and  a 
very  successful  teacher  of  music. 

The  promise  of  his  youth  was  amply  fulfilled 
in  after  years,  his  career  being  one  of  uninter- 
rupted success.  iSome  fifteen  years  ago  ho  was 
living  in  New  Orleans,  U.S.  He  had  then  re- 
tired from  the  stage  with  an  ample  fortune,  and 
was  much  respected  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Occasionally  his  name  might  be  seen  in  the 
programme  of  some  entertainment  cpot  up  for  a 
patriotic  or  charitable  purpose.  J.  N. 

Melbourne,  Victoria. 

AxciENT  Custom  :  Lost  Sheep  (4*'*  S.  iv.  232.) 
Meetings  of  shepherds  to  restore  lost  sheop  must 
doubtless  have  been  "  from  time  immemorial  "  in 
pastoral  districts.  There  is  a  celebrated  meeting 
on  the  top  of  High  Street,  in  Westmoreland,  at 
which  the  adjustment  of  the  ownership  of  the 
lost  sheep  is  accompanied  by  the  usual  athletic 
sports  of  that  country.  W.  G. 

MiCAH  Hall  (4»»*  S.  iv.  204.)-Micah  Hall  was 
the  sou  of  John  IJjill  of  Castleton,  Derbyshire, 
grocer.  He  was  educated  at  the  Manchester 
School ;  he  became  an  attorney,  and  amassed 
considerable  property  at  Castle  ton.  (See  Ma?i' 
Chester  Sc1uh)1  Hef/ister,  Chetham  Society  publica- 


tions, vol.  Ixix.  pp.  0,  222.)  He  appears  in  fliB 
list  of  subscribers  to  Dr.  Aikin*8  Mtmekeaier,  vab- 
lished  in  1705,  and  is  described  aa  ^*  Micah  mU, 
Esq.,  Castleton."  The  parish  church,  contains  a 
mural  monument  bearing  the  following  inscrip- 
tion, said  to  have  been  written  by  himself.  It  ii 
remarkable  for  its  rude,  unfeeling,  and  independoat 
nature: — 

"  To  the  Memory  of  Micah  Hall,  Gent : 

Attorncv  at  law,  who  died  on 

the  y*»»  May,  1801,  Aged  79  years. 

Quid  cram  nescitu. 

Quid  sum  nescitis. 

Ubi  sum  nescitis. 

Valete." 

W.  Adam,  in  bis  Gem  of  the  Peak,  says  tbe 

inscription  exists  in  Latin  to  hide  its  defonmtji 
and  gives  the  following  translation : — 

"  What  I  was  you  know  not    What  I  am  voa  knov 
not    Whither  1  am  gone  you  know  not    Go  abont  your 

business." 

Ancoats,  Manchester. 


SwADDLERS  (4»»'  S.  iv.  272.)  — If  Mx.  Si 
had  referred  to  "  N.  &  Q."  (4'»»  S.  i.  271),  ha 
would  have  seen  that  the  extract  he  quotes  firom 
T/ie  TimeSf  as  being  worthy  of  preservation  in 
'^N.  &  Q.",  had  already  found  a  place  there.  Ai 
I  observed  in  a  former  communication  (4*^  &  L 
473),  the  derivation  of  "  Swaddler,"  in  Southey'B 
Life  of  Wesley,  is  altogether  silly  and  improbaluSe 
Mit  Ukdho>'d  (4'*'  S.  i.  377)  offers  a  aerivatkn 
which  has  every  appearance  of  being  the  true  onSi 

J.  Dixmr. 

MiLT0NiA>'A  (4**»  S.  iv.  195.) — ^The  conjecture 
of  your  correspondent  J.  W.  H.  that  the  ribald 
lines  ^^  have  been  wilfully  misattributed  to  Miltony" 
is,  I  am  happy  to  say,  perfectly  correct.  I  read 
the  original  lines  many  years  ago  in  the  poemfl 
of  the  notorious  Earl  of  Rochester.  8. 

Nous  (4*'»  S.  iv.  272.) — Cornub.  is  wronjg;  in 
classing  this  word  among  slang  expressioni. 
Every  respectable  dictionary,  published  witfaia 
the  last  thirty  years,  contains  it.  Le  Dictiomudrt 
international,  the  largest  and  best  of  Eoglisk- 
French  dictionaries,  render  it  by  esprit^  and  the 
German  dictionaries  have  long  roco^ised  ify 
giving  as  equivalent  the  word  Kopf,  It  in  olm- 
ously  the  Greek  fur^,  though  Mr.  Hotten  (6taf 
Dictionary),  for  some  reason  or  other,  mention! 
the  Gaelic  nos  in  conjunction  with  it. 

Julian  Shabxait. 

Gardening  Book  (4*»»  S.  iv.  274.)— I  think  it 
I  not   unlikely  that  the  object  of  the  inquinr  of 

your  correspondent  Coknub.  maybe  James's  book 
I  on  Gardening,  published  in  tlie  reign  of  Queen 
'  Anne.    At  all  events,  in  that  work  may  be  found 

much  information  on  the  subjects  named. 
I  T.R. 


4»k  S.  IV.  Oct.  30,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


371 


GoiTon,  A  Surname  (4**'  S.iii.  426;  iv.  304.) — 
This  nainM  is  derived  from  the  Welsh  gof^  a  smith ; 
(Irish,  <7r>i/irt ;  (jaelic,  gohhaim,  whence  Gowan  and 
Govan).  II.  S.  Charxock. 

Gray's  Inn. 

HiLDYARD  Motto  (4»«'  S.  iv.  297.)— If  J.  G. 
will  con>iilt  the  passage  to  which  the  Editor  of 
"  N.  &  Q.*'  has  referred  him,  he  will  find  that 
"  the  lion's  share  of  everything?*'  has  no  application 
to  the  motto  in  question.  ^'  Fools,"  says  Hesiod, 
"  they  know  not  hoic  much  more  is  the  half  than  the 
whole,  nor  what  enjoyment  there  is  in  mallows 
and  asphodel  J "  i.e.  in  the  simplest  fare,  such  as 
that  eaten  by  the  peasants  of  his  time. 

W.  B.  C. 

OxNEY  (4»»'  S.  iv.  270.)— Edmund  Tew,  M.A., 
inquires  the  derivation  of  (3xney.  It  is  derived 
from  Oxen-frt,  A.-Sax.,  Oxen-island,  as  Sheppey 
is  from  Seeapfr/.  A. -Sax.,  Sheep-island;  Romney, 
Marsh  -  i  sland  ;  Pevensf//,  PutKnVisland.  The  term 
was  not  confined  by  the  Saxons  to  actual  islands, 
but  was  g-iven  by  tliem  to  slight  elevations  in 
marshy  districts.  The  counties  of  Kent  and  Sussex 
abound  in  places  having  the  A.-Sax.  terminal  ey. 

Tretane. 

PoLTsn  Wives  (4***  S.  iv.  295.) — In  answer  to 
the  query,  whether  the  law  is  of  any  antiquity  by 
which  the  wives  of  condemned  Poles  were  legally 
absolved  from  their  marriage  vows,  let  me  remark 
that  it  is  very  well  known  on  the  Continent  that 
this  Russian  law  is  nothing  but  an  imitation  of 
the  French  law  of  the  Code  Napoleon,  Article  22 
and  following.     Art.  2o  says  — 

"Par  la  mort  civile  le  maiiage  contracts  pr^cddem- 
ment  est  di.^sous  quant  h.  tous  ses  eflfets  civils.  Sa  succes- 
sion est  ouverte  de  la  meme  mani^re  que  s*il  ^taitmort 
natnrellement." 

In  one  word,  according  to  the  distinction  of  the 
Roman  law,  the  man  (homo)  is  alive,  but  the 
person  (prrAona)  is  dead.  Delepierre. 

N.B.  Jn  Belgium  and  in  Holland  these  Articles 
of  the  Code  Napoleon  have  been  abolished. 

WiLKiE,  "Reading  the  Will"  (4»»»S.iv.234, 
30G.) — >rR.  Bates  should  have  mentioned  that 
when  this  picture  was  exhibited  in  1820,  George 
IV.  proposed  that  Wilkie  should  paint  a  duphcate 
for  the  Kinnr  of  Bavaria,  and  sell  tlie  original  to 
himself!  Wilkie  of  course  declin»Ml  this  peculiar 
arrangement,  and  received  from  the  Bavarian 
minister  100  guineas  instead  of  the  300  guineas 
that  had  been  bargained  for.  The  account  of 
Wilkie's  visit  to  the  Munich  raillery,  and  inspec- 
tion of  his  own  painting,  will  be  found  in  Allan 
Cunningham's  X//V',  ii.  .'i21.  When  the  King  of 
Bavaria  died,  this  picture  was  decided  to  have 
been  his  private  property,  and  it  was  therefore 
nece.vjary  to  di«»pose  of  it  by  public  auction.  George 
IV.  had  not  forgotten  his  old  favourite,  and  em- 
ployed an  agent,  who  ran  the  price  up  to  twelve 


thousand  florins,  the  sum  at  which  it  was  secured 
by  the  Munich  Gallery.  Wilkie  was  greatly  gra- 
tified by  this  result,  and  speaks  of  the  effect  it  had 
upon  his  reputation  at  Rome  and  elsewhere  on 
the  Continent  Chitteldroog. 

Will  you  allow  me  to  supplement  what  has 
been  communicated  by  Mr.  Bates  in  noticing 
that  the  subject  of  this  picture  was  suggested  by 
Bannister  the  comedian,  and  that  the  sum  paid  to- 
the  artist  was  four  hundred  guineas.  Being  the 
personal  property  of  Max.  Joseph  I.,  Wilkie's 
picture  was  disposed  of  by  public  auction  at  the 
death  of  this  king  in  1825,  and  was  bought  in  by 
his  son,  the  late  Ludwig  I.,  at  the  price  of  l,200t 

Francis  K.  N.  Rooeb. 

Poem  "  To  the  Potato,"  ascribed  to  Bttbns 
(4**'  S.  ii.  11,  339,  477,  537,  614,  111,  37.)  — 
1  am  glad  that  I  am  at  last  able  to  settle  the 
question  respecting  the  author  of  the  poem  "  To 
the  Potato,"  though  it  be  against  the  opinion  to 
which  I  was  somewhat  inclined.  So  long  as  the 
book  from  which  the  old  lady  of  Castlefem  stated 
she  had  heard  it  read  could  not  bo  discovered, 
there  might  be  room  for  difference  of  opinion,  but 
as  I  was  aware  that  Dumfriesshire  had  been  pro- 
lific during  the  last  eighty  years  in  minor  poets,  I 
had  suspicions  that  it  might  be  at  last  found  among 
their  works.  Throughout  the  county  it  was 
widely  known  that  a  search  was  being  made  in 
order  that  the  question  might  be  authoritatively 
settled,  and  at  List  a  friend  discovered  the  stanzas 
in  a  small  obscure  volume  of  poems  by  one  who 
had  been  bom  within  a  few  miles  of  mj  own 
house,  but  over  whose  name  and  works  a  deep  shade 
of  darkness  had  long  settled.  On  coarse  paper  and 
in  miserable  type,  I  have  before  me  the  bundle  of 
poems,  entitled  Poems  an  Various  Suhfects,  by 
Alexander  Clerk,  in  Caulside,  parish  of  Glencaim, 
Dumfries;  printed  by  G.  McLacblan,  1801 ;  and 
there  we  have  the  poem,  of  which  I  had  received 
only  a  fragment  There  are  a  dozen  stanzas  in  all, 
and  when  I  see  the  whole  before  me,  I  can  have 
no  doubt  that  they  are  the  production  of  a  poet 
of  inferior  powers,  though  the  poem  is  not  with- 
out some  humour.  Cunously  enough  the  stanzas 
which  had  remained  in  the  recollection  of  the  old 
ladies  are  the  best.  Still,  while  I  find  the  stanzas 
in  this  collection  of  poems,  the  author  has  con- 
trived to  throw  Pome  degree  of  doubt  as  to  their 
origin,  as  he  says  in  his  preface  — 

**  There  are  some  pieces  in  this  collection  which  I  hcve 
copied  from  a  modem  author  (the  italics  are  the  poet's), 
and  which,  I  suppose,  are  not  in  many  hands.  It  is  well 
known  that  most  part  of  the  poets  borrow  from  each 
other.  In  Allan  Kamsay's  poems  there  are  old  ones 
inserted,  written  long  before  his  time  ;  therefore  I  hope  the 
reader  will  excuse  me  for  placing  a  few  others  among  my 
own." 

He  gives  us  no  means  of  discovering  to  whidi 
of  the  poems  he  refers,  but  I  am  satisned  that  all 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*8.IT.Oor.My« 


IB  tlie  Scottish  longuiige  bto  tie  own  composition, 
and  some  of  them  lira  invery  do^^rel  verse.  There 
are  t,  few  on  religious  eubjecta  in  English  Ter^o, 
BBmewhat  superior  in  atjle,  and  these  I  suspect  to 
be  what  he  borrowed,  though  I  cannot  identify 
thom.  There  is  still  n  possibility  that  lie  may 
b&re  borrowed  some  of  tue  verses  from  Tait  or 
Lapraik,  as  one  of  your  coiTCspondents,  A.  D.  G. 
apeaks  with  suolt  certainty  of  tlieir  being  faiuiUur 
to  him;  and  unless  your  correspondent  is  a  native 
of  Dumfriusshire,  I  can  scarcely  tbinli  that  ho 
«oald  hare  come  across  Cleric's  poema.  Perhaps 
he  would  do  us  the  fiivour  to  look  into  Tnit  and 
J^praik,  and  see  whctlier  Clerk  has  really  bor- 
rowed from  them.  Clurk  whs  tha  tenant  of 
CauWde,  on  the  property  of  Mr.  Fergusaon  of 
Craipdarroeh,  in  the  parish  of  Glencnirn,  and  re- 
moTiug  lo  Dumfries  died  there  towards  the  begin- 
ning of  the  century.      CRATiFnRD  Tait  Rauao£. 

Sakitel  Speed,  AuinoR  of  "Prison-Pjetie" 
((4"'  S.  iv.  11.)— John  Speed,  the  Knglish  historian, 
oad  the  ^odly  numbur  of  twelve  sons  and  sis 
daughters.  One  of  the  sons,  John,  was  an  emi- 
aent  physician,  and  a  Fellow  of  St,  John's  College, 
Oxford.  He  died  in  May  1040,  and  was  buried 
ia  the  chapel  of  hia  college.  He  left  two  sooa, 
one  of  whom,  Samuol,  was  a  student  of  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  and  afterwards  ^'icnr  of  Godalm- 
iag  in  Surrey,  where  he  died  January  22,  1081. 
Is  it  possible  to  identify  this  persou  with  the 
author  of  the  J'riion-Pielie?  1  am  afraid  not  I 
The  author  of  the  latter  work  was  confined  in  the 
King's  Bench  in  1075,  when  he  publiahed  hia  I 
Frofftnenta  Cai-ceria;  or  the  Kinii's-Bench  Saiffle. 
It  is  dedicated  "  To  his  worthy  Friends  the  Inge-  I 
oious  Geatlemen  Prisoners  within  the  ConCaes  of 
the  Eing's-Beuch ;  "  at  the  back  are  verses  by 
"William    Shelden   "On  his  friend   Mr.   Samuel  I 

SiBed."  Samuel  Speed  made  no  secret  of  his 
miration  of  the  works  of  Herbert  and  Qunrles, 
sand  their  works  are  represented  in  the  aame  print 
with  bis  portrait  by  Van  Hove.  I  call  attention 
to  tiiis  portrait,  because  it  is  fre(^uently  wanting  in 
«0[Hes  of  the  Pruon-I'ielie,  beinR  taken  out  to 
illustrate  Grauijer,  Edwadd  F.  IJmnAOLT. 

The  Three  Tailors  (4'"  S.  iv.  255.)— I  can 
natch  this  (not  triumuii-ale)  trisartorate  witli  a 
.story  which,  more  than  half  a  century  njjo,  I 
beard  told  in  that  congress  of  law  and  laufflitec  I 
"  The  Dublin  Four  Courts."  | 

Three  impecunious  barristers  were  enjoying  the 
vacation  at  Brighton,  to  the  unconsidered"  elonga-  ■ 
tion  of  their  hotel  bill— the  Urgency  question  I 
was  then  at  high  tide,  and  the  Ileir*  Apparent  ] 
was  ruaticatinp*  at  the  Pavilion — when  thoy  he-  ' 
thought  them  of  getting  up  an  address  of  approval  | 
and  adhesion  in  Latin,  as  more  bi-fittinpr  members  of  . 
•learned profes8ion,nnd elected rsnacUurkeBetbel,  . 
being  the  pluckiest  among  them,  for  their  orator.  , 


Accordingly,  they  planted  tlienualraa  oa  lb 
I  Stoyna,  where  II.  B,  H.  waa  taking  his  dulr  jkh 
,  menade :  Isaac  with  the  foolscap  in  his  hano,  nd 
I  the  other  two  addressers  in  his  rear.    Aftar  mal^ 

ing  the  courtly  obeisance,  which  w»i 
I  ledged  by  the  bow  which  no  other  f 

made  or  will  make,  Isaac  com 
j  trissime  Princepa !    Nob  aumni   trea   Hibendd." 
:  When,  half  turning  aside   to  indicate  hia  mw> 

ciatee,  he  found  that  they  had  lost  faieut  ud  Wt 
I  him  alone  in  his  glory.     How  Isaac  dnppodUl 

MS.  and  bolted ;    how  he  was  trackad  to  Ui 

hotel  by  one  of  the  Prince's  attendants;  and  how 

royally  the  trinoda  ncceiutat  at  its  luU  wil 
,  solved,  were  too  long  to  relate ;    but  if,  ■■  tht 

graver  brethren  of  the  Four  Courts  aurmised,  tb 
I  whole  was  umply  a  bene  traiMdo,  it  must  ha*a 

bean  tho  brain-work  of  Ned  Lyiaght  or  of  Wit 

liniii  Parsons — "lea   plus  grands  persifleim"  (f 

that  peruflant  generation. 

Let  me  add  a  really  authentic  anecdoto  of  tlM 
I  latter :  — 

I  A  barrister— not  one  of  the  three  abors  w 
I  corded — more  generally  noted  for  bis  legal  tluB 
I  for  his  moral  repute,  had  been  (sa  he  said,  at  le«Q 
I  stopped  on  the  highway  and  eased  of  hia  pnia. 
I  "  Ilave  you  heard  of 's  robbery  P  "  said  aoB^ 

body  to  Parsons.  "  No,"  was  tho  reply, — and,  oh 

that  I  could  convey  upon  paper,  as  at  this  montBt 
I  they  are  unon  my  memory's  eye  and  ear,  the  Jt- 

comered  glance  and  the  slow  aoh  lispl— CwC) 
!f?"    It  was  equal  to  Talkf^ 


has  he  robbed  i 


rand's  "D^j&f 


KLa 


Ballad  Tcxes  (4'"  S.  iv.  170.)— The  tana  it 

"  Digbv's   Farewell "  is  contained  in   a   Cdbosi 
volume  in  my  library,  entitled  — 

"  Ma.^ick's  Hand-miiil :  new  Li^vms  and  Inittiietkai 
far  the  Viiviniili  or  Harpijchorrt.  Lnndcm  ;  prinUdftr 
J.  I'kjfuiJ,  sad  are  to  be  sold  at  Ml  shm,  nMT  Hi 
Temple  Church,  1678.-     Ohl.  8vo. 

This  book,  one  of  the  rarest  and  moat  iiitriiiwt 
in"-  of  the  many  musical  works  pubUshed  bf  oU 
John  Pla^ford,  contains  a  number  of  once  sopnltt 
old  English  tunes,  viz.,  "Sellenger'a  RooDd" 
"The  King's  Delight,"  "Parthenia,"  "Qexn 
Mistresa,"  "  The  Glory  of  the  West,"  "  BotEi 
Farewell,"  &c. ;  besides  many  ayrea,  "Tubandfc 
marches,  &c.,  by  Matthew  Locke,  John  JenJdua 
aud  other  eminent  muaiciana  of  the  time,  A  seem 
part  of  this  work,  publiahed  in  1080,  is  also  in  my 
library,  but  it  lacks  tho  interest  of  the  ori^nd 
publieaUon.  EowABn  F.  RiiiBArat. 

liorAL  AsTRDtLTTViAiT  Ordee  OF  BjmiXKOt 
(S"  S.  iii.  100,  207;  4'"  S.  iv.  121.)  — SeTOial 
communications  having  appeared  in  "  N.  &  Q." 
respecting  this  society  with  the  extraordisai; 
name,  the  following  little  piece  of  information  ai 
to  its  doings  may  not  be  unacceptable,  espedallj 
if  my  worthy  friend  Me.  Wbsibbook,  who  muM 


#fcS.IT.  OcT.80,'6fl.l 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


378 


Uie  queation,  has  the  intention  of  becomiag  % 
"Bafiklol" 

"At  the  forlnightly  meeting  of  the  eiecutiTO  conndl 
«t  the  Grand  Lodge  of  England,  Albert  Arms.  London 
Soad,  held  on  first  inat.,  it  «ki  announced  by  the  Grand 
Piimo,  ^t  the  Tulee  and  other  documenis  connected  uith 
the  order  were  now  deposited  with  J.  Tidd  PistI,  Esq, 
and  dal^  registered  iindur  the  Friendly  Societies'  Act, 
Hktu  giving  ell  thelodj^  a  legalised  and  dednite  posidon 
-with  the  public  They  had  also  entered  Ibdr  title  and 
nilea  under  the  Copyright  Act  st  Stationers'  HaU." — 
Daily  Ttltyn^  Sept.  12, 1869. 

Edwabs  r.  Eduaitli. 
JoHW  LAifO,  Es«.  (i'"  S.  iv.  324.)— I  hare  now 
'before  me  ft  cop;  of  a  shilling  railway  bool^  enti- 
tled Too  Much  AUke;  or  tht  Three  C<Umdart.  Bj 
John  Lding',  £«q.,  author  of  Too  CUiier  by  Half, 
tea.,  &c  ;  third  edition.  Ward  &  Lock,  186^.  I 
haTa  also  before  me  a  copj  of  another  ■billing' 
lailwaj  noTel,  Too  Cleoer  {n/  Stdf;  or  tht  Sarro- 
tny*.  Bf  the  Mofussilite.  N.  Oooke,  1863.  Mr. 
Xad|^8  name,  it  will  be  seen,  was  not  gif  en  to  the 
earlier  novel,  and  no  mention  is  made  of  bis  being 
the  antboT  of  Fioltt.  Under  the  pseudonym  "  The 
Hofusolite  "  he  wrote  in  many  of  the  magazines, 
and  it  denotes  his  preTious  editorial  connection 
with  the  Indian  newspaper  of  that  name.  Iinay 
add  that  this  iweudonyui  doea  not  appeu  in  O. 
Hanwt's  Sandbook  ofFiutitiout  Namet, 

CuiBBERT  BkDB. 

Cowfx&'b  Uotheb's  Pictukb  (4"'  S.  iv.  290.) 
Tout  correspondent  A,  who  inquires  after  this 


^  f  he  had  visited  the  Kensington  Por- 
trait I^thibition  last  year.  It  is  described  in  the 
catalogue  as  the  property  of  Mr.  W.  Bodhntn 
Bonne.  It  is  nothing  as  a  work  of  art,  and  mea- 
mres  only  six  inches  by  five,  but  many,  like  my- 
aelf,  must  have  looked  at  it  with  an  intensity  of 
int^eet  which  hardly  any  other  work  in  the  three 
Tears  of  exhibitions  inspired.  The  print  in 
Sonthey'a  Coicper,  which  A  should  have  described 
as  engraved  by  H.  Robinson,  from  a  drawing  by 
Harvey,  conveys  a  verv  good  notion  of  the  origi- 
ttaL     1  possess  a  trini  proof  in   which   Hartey 


oular  that  the  engmving,  as  it  then 
lost  much  of  the  resemblance  to  the  lady's  son.  I 
am  surprised  that  a  mokes  no  mention  irf  the 
large  engTsving  of  this  portrait  which  William 
Blake  contributed  to  Hayley's  Life  of  Cowper. 
It  is  one  of  the  finest  (perhaps  the  very  finest) 
specimens  of  Biake's  skill  upon  copper,  and  pre- 
serves the  fact,  apparently  unknown  to  the  com- 
piler of  the  Exhibition  Catalogue,  that  D.  Ueina 
was  the  name  of  the  painter  of  the  portrait. 

CHITTELDBOOa. 

This  portrait  appeared  in  the  last  Ezhilntion  of 
National  Portraits  at  South  Kensington,  1808 
(No.  778  in  Catalogue),  and  lb  described  as  lent 


by  Ur.W.Bodbam  Donne;  and  then  la, lUunl^ 
no  doubt  that  the  portrut  which  is  given  in 
Southey's  Liffof  Coiopa-  was  engraved  from  thia 
picture.  Another  picture  of  great  interest  to  tiie 
admirera  of  Oowper  appeared  in  the  Exhibition 
referred  to,  and  was  placed  by  the  side  of  the 
other,  viz^  a  portrut  of  the  poet  himself,  bj 
Romne^  (Na  777);  and  although  the  dream- 
stance  IS  not  mentioned  in  the  catalogue,  it  la,  I 
believe,  the  portrait  taken  bj  the  eccentric  artut 
when  both  ware  Qte  gnetta  of  their  matoal  fiiend 
Hayley,  at  Eartham.  This  poitru^  like  the  other, 
is  Mtodated  with  a  charming  ^m  by  Cowper,' 
Til.,  the  "  Sonnet  to  Bomuey,"  m  whitdt  the  poet 

Cays  so  graceful  a  compliment  to  both  artist  and 
oet  This  portrait  was  contributed  by  Mr.  H,  B. 
Vaughan  Johnson.  J.  3, 

Norwich. 


M.)— In  mr 
'  MmUrom,  by  HaA 


UoiTTRon  FixiET  (4"  S.  i 
editicm  of  the  Mmnoin  of  Mt 
Napier,  dated  1866  (iL  618),  I  find  ^'follow- 
ing:— 

"  At  Bdiaborgb,  the  IHh  of  AprO,  IfiU,  Darid,  Serf 
of  Soathak,  compeared  la  presence  til  Uia  ComDiuea  tt 
Eatatas,  and  produced  BebBt  QnAoM,  sini  to  tka  lata 
Bail  of  Montroae,  In  obedlenee  of  a  commaiid  given  to 
him  by  the  ConunittM  Id  Iha  North  t  and  bsiog  dtnuvbd 
upon  what  aeeaaion  1m  nut  with  Uontros^  eod  what 
passed  betwixt  tbem,  ha  mad*  a  Tsrbal  decIaradoB 
thereof;  wbl^  dedswitlen  tbs  I«ida. ordain  Um  to 
give  in  writ  oadar  his  hand  on  Uead^  eaxlt  and 
exoDsr  liim  of  the  ezUUtlon  of  the  aaid  Bobeit  Gnhaca, 
and  bis  own  sppearanea  in  obadlsoca  to  the  GoDiinlttee 
oTDrwihlD.  TbaCDminlltstDnlalnBtheBariofBeathsrii 
tokeepBdiertUtaliaiii,  ton  to  tbelateEariofHontnMk 
till  Uoaday  next,  that  he  reedvs  Authar  ordaca  esoaem- 
inghJ- 


lateEarlof  Montrose  to  [Uosil']  Canugie  hla  motber,  to 

be  fc<^  and  enCartaiaed  by  her,  e    """  """'  "* 

SonthMk  of  him," 


•,  exoneia  the  Eail  of 


In  a  note  at  the  foot  of  the  page  Mark  Naptw 
says:  — 

"  Bobart  Orabsm,  the  Toaognt  of  UoDtnae'i  three 
sona,  moat  probably  wa*  Wn  after  hi*  fttbar'a  ratniti 
fron  sbralkl  in  ISBft-T." 

Also,— 

»  HI*  hthar  is  didgnad  M>  Eail  of  1 
eonne  in  reftraoes  to  tala  raeent  forfeitare.'' 

F.  BionBiaov. 

Tbe  Qranan,  New  BiJglitoii,  CbcaUre. 

P.B.  ^ce  writing  tiie  above,  I  find  in  a  nots 
Cu.827):- 

When  wrJUng  that  note,  we  auppoaed  that  tbg  die- 
_  try  of  thia  Bobert  eomplated  the  record  of  Hratiesa^ 
ohlldnB.    Toy  recently,  however,  Mr.  William  rraaer, 


CDvtry  rf  thia  Bobei 

chlldnB.    Veiy  recsnuy,  uoi 

of  Uw  Beglstar  Hoote— th*  ei 

(kmily  hiitory  itDilcn  hi*  aid  a*  velaable  a*  It  ia  readtlr 

accorded— commanioated  tbs  MlowhiK  eztraa  Aram  the 

baptiamal  register  of  Hoatroee  i  — 

<  16SB,  Jannaiy  S*,  Jsae*  EarirfHentniae,  (UhervT 
David  Qnhan^wa  of  Jamas  LemCsnarii^    T    " 
aadst  ralootoar  of  HaJkntoBsi,  wltnaaan.'* 


374 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*S.IY.  OnSO^^Nl- 


Thi4  may  interest  M.  A.  This  DivM  appears 
to  have  b-jpQ  bom  after  Robi^rt.  Mirk  Napier 
suppoicd  him  t)  have  died  young*. 

YoRKsniRE  Ballad  C4»'»  S.  iv.  200.) — Under 
the  title  of  "  The  Craftv  Farmer  "  this  biHad  will 
be  found  in  Lo^^an's  Pedlar  a  Pack,  a  collection  of 
ballads  and  8on<;s  recently  published  by  W.  Pa- 
terson  of  Edinburg"h.  A  true  vcrdion  of  "  The 
Nutbrown  Maid "  was  published  in  18»30  by 
Mr.  Pickerinur.  It  is  in  small  4to,  and  was  edited 
by  Thomas  Wrijjht,  Esq.  L.  W. 

''The  Forbcastle  Sailor"  (2'«>  S.  vii.  45, 
181.)  —  This  song  is  to  be  found  in  Logan's 
Ptdlar'8  Puck.  L.  W. 

FiLius  Naturalis  (4»»»  S.  iv.  102.)  —  I  do 
not  question  the  interpretation  of  the  Law  Lords 
re8pectin>;  the  meaning  oi  Jilim  naturalU^  in  con- 
nection with  the  peerage  case  adverted  to  by  J.  M. ; 
nor  do  I  cast  any  doubt  on  what  he  has  recorded 
in  regard  to  the  award  of  James  VL  in  1018. 
But  I  am  prepared  to  substantiate  that,  during 
the  reign  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  JiUas  natara'is 
was  the  usufil  and  ordinary  designation  of  a 
bastard — a  son  bom  out  of  wedlock.  Let  J.  M. 
take  up  the  Register  of  the  Groat  Seal  in  the 
General  Register  House,  Edinburgh,  and  he  will 
find  that  in  all  the  royal  letters  of  legitimation 
the  designation  JUiu8  nattiralis  is  associated  with 
htutardua.     Thus :  — 

'*  Apud  Edinbur^^h,  Jul.  28,  1558.  Rcgina  concessit 
literas  lu^itiinacionis  Waltero  Galbraith,  bastard o,  filio 
natarali  quondam  Andrei  dc  Kilcranch." 

I  quote  from  the  abridgment  of  the  charter, 
but  the  same  phraseology  occurs  in  the  original. 
Now  it  is  flumciently  evident  that  Walter  Gal- 
braith was  not  at  one  and  the  same  time  the 
legitimate  and  illegitimate  son  of  his  father. 
Bastard,  or  base-born,  he  undoubtedly  was :  and 
MJUio  naturaliy  as  he  is  further  described,  has  any 
meaning  at  all,  it  must  be  confirmatory  of  his 
previous  description.  In  a  word,  the  individual 
receiving  the  royal  letters  did  so  in  virtue  of  his 
spurious  birth,  and  he  is,  therefore,  set  forth  as 
hadarda^.  Next,  his  descent  is  referred  to ;  and 
it  would  have  been  legally  inc<^rrect  to  describe 
him  simply  H'^Jilim  of  his  father,  since  that  would 
have  implied  legitimacy,  or  been  an  acknowledg- 
ment of  relationship  which  the  law  ignored.  He 
is,  therefore,  styled ^/«Vi«  naturalis, 

I  may  further  remark  that  in  all  cases  of  legi- 
timacy, in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary,  lawful  sons 
are  simply  designated  Jiliij  without  prefix  or  ad- 
lunct  of  any  kind.  In  the  popular  phraseology, 
Dastards  have  in  Scotland  been  designated  natural 
children  from  time  immemorial. 

CnARLES  Rogers,  LL.D. 

Snowdonn  Villa,  Lewishain,  S.E. 

In  the  will  of  Lady  Latimer,  dated  Sept.  20, 
1480,  the  testatrix  directs  that  her  body  shall  be 


laid  *'even  beneath  the  head  of  my  said  lord  aad- 
f at  her,  between  my  natural-horn  son  Hama  JmA^ 
m(*r  and  Oliver  Dudley,  late  my  scm-m-low.'* 

Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  the  word  "  naftmaly'' 
applied  to  a  son,  is  used  to  signify  that  it  i*  nol  a 
stf'p'son,  or  son-in-law^  that  is  indicated.  TIm 
will  in  question  is  cited  in  the  Description  of  Ife 
Church  of  St.  Mary,  Warwick^  and  of  BtamAamf 
Chapelf  by  John  Gough  Nichols,  FJQ,K,,  tii^ 
London  (n.  d.),  p.  40.  WiLLTAM  Bathl 

Uirmin^ham. 

RoTHWELL  Crypt  and  Naseby  Battlb  ^4*  S. 
iv.  205.) — I  visited  the  crypt  of  Roth  well  etmnh^ 
a  few  weeks  since,  and  came  to  the  concliwaii^ 
that  the  b  ittlo-field  theory  was  inadmissible  M  a 
mode  of  accounting  for  the  remarkable  nrmmnla 
tion  of  human  bones  there  to  be  seen.  Had  tha 
bones  been  deposited  there  after  Naselnr  batdi^ 
it  would  not  have  been  simply  as  bones,  but  tiwf 
would  have  had  their  fleshly  covering  upon  then; 
and  the  bones  on  being  discovered  would  hawa 
shown  traces  of  skin,  and  would  have  been  paiAet 
skeletons.  But,  first,  the  crypt  would  not  liafv 
held  the  number  of  dead  bodies  left  upon  Naashjf 
field;  secondly,  so  far  from  there  being  a  parflHfc 
skeleton  in  the  crypt,  not  two  bones  are  anywhfla 
to  be  seen  which  are  joined  together;  thiidly,  all 
the  bones  are  perfectly  denuded  of  integpinwii 
and  have  evidently  at  some  time  been  boiied  ia 
the  earth  for  a  considerable  period ;  and.  latl^i 
these  disjointed  bones  are  carefully  packed  to* 
gether,  and  have  only  been  superficially  diatncbai 
since  their  original  deposition.  I  venture  now  ta 
ofier  the  following  explanation :  —  Rothwell  ww 
in  the  middle  ages  a  place  of  much  greater  hft- 
portanco  than  it  is  at  the  present  time.  It  waa  a 
municipal  town  surrounded  by  walls,  and  its 
church  was  a  collegiate  one.  At  a  short  dlBtauBt 
from  the  town  was  a  religious  house,  and  thm 
are  not  wanting  other  in<ucations  that  the  plasa 
was  the  ecclesiastical  centre  of  a  conndeidUa 
district.  I  conjecture  that  at  some  time  or  otibiBL 
perhaps  at  the  Dissolution,  one  of  the  aavew 
graveyards  in  the  town  and  neighbourhood  WW 
appropriated  to  a  secular  use,  and  that  thersnpOB 
its  human  contents  were  carefully  duff  up  and 
reverently  placed  in  the  crypt  of  the  parish  cnimh. 
I  cannot  close  this  communication  without 


pressing  my  horror  and  disgust  at  finding  many 
of  the  skulls  covered  with  the  names  of  visitoift 
Verily  there  are  people  who  would  scrawl  their 
worthless  names  on  the  true  cross,  if  they  dslf 
had  the  opportunity.  J.  L.  Ckxbet* 

Ilanley. 

GuELD  OF  Masons  at"  Favershax  AbbhT 
r4**»  S.  iv.  310.)— The  passage  <|uoted  from  a 
deed,  Sept.  5,  1510,  is  couched  in  such  modfllB 
phraseology,  that  I  am  induced  to  read  it  hr  fta 
lights  of  modem  usage.    I  would  venture^  tasra* 


•»&1T.  0CT.M,'6».] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE& 


An,  to  suggest  that  the  woida,  "  b;  the  workmen 
•and  maaooa  of  the  a^de  Abbot  and  ConTent," 
uun  odI^,  "  br  workmen  and  masons  ^pomttd 
hy  the  saide,"  &c.  &c. :  it  being  a  usunl  condition 
that  the  chief  parties  to  such  an  agreement  should 
retain  control  bj  this  means,  and  not  laaTe  the 
other  party  to  ap^raint  perhaps  inferior  hands. 

"Majorea  fabncatorea"  would  moan,  literally, 
chief  cnnBtruotois :  the  word  fabricatora,  derived 
from  faber,  a  smith,  hardly  points  to  masons ; 
though  the  construction  might  include  masonry 
among  the  details.  A.  H. 

PaioB'8  "Kixa  Caeyel"  (i^"  S.  iv.  255,  236.) 
That  this  humorous  production  of  Prior's  was 
uaued  at  a  much  earlier  date  than  those  men- 
tioned bj  your  correspondent,  is  a  fact  known  to 
all  bibliographers.  The  celebrated  Mrs.  Uelaay, 
at  that  time  the  young  widow  of  Ur.  Pendarres 
(an  old  man,  her  marriage  with  whom  had  been 
a  forced  one),  under  date  "  Dublin,  January  2^ 
J1782-3,"  thus  concludes  a  letter  to  her  sister; — 

-  All  Uw  whEle  I  havg  been  writioK,  Don  [t.  •.  UIu 
Don«ai«i]  and  Kelly  [iinotliBr  young  ladv  friend]  h«« 
IMd  witti  aa  audible  voice  Htau  CaretU,  ani  Mome  otitr 
frttfy  f^iv'  "f  ^^"^  Icind.  and  hoir  cao  one  tislp  Ilnen- 
tngf^—dormpoiHititet  of  Mrt.  Oela«y,l.397. 

As  Mrs.  Delany  was  ever  a  model  of  propriety 
and  good  manners,  the  above  extract  fumisnea  an 
^t  corroboration  of  Mb.  Wylie'b  o  bservation  as 
to  "  how  little  squeamiah  roadera  were  a  century 
ago."  Henbt  Cahfxht,  F.S.A. 

BaTurm  Club. 

MoiTTPXLLiEB  HooDS  (4'"  S.  iv.  313.) — In  reply 
to  your  correspondent  C.  C.  B.,  to  the  best  of  my 
belief,  no  "hoods"  are  conferred  either  by  the 
Eacul^  of  Montpllier  or  by  any  Continental 
nniverBity.  A  Fbkkchxan. 

Hilton  Cabtlb  (4"'  S.  iv.  313.) — According  to 
Surteea's  Hid.  of  Durham,  voL  ii.  p.  23,  John 
Hilton,  the  last  male  heir  of  that  family,  died 
Sept.  26, 174tS,  and  devised  all  his  estates  to  hia 
nephew,  Sir  Richard  Muagrava,  of  Hayton  Castle, 
Sart,  on  condition  of  his  assuming  the  name  of 
Hilton  only.  Within  a  few  years  the  whole  of 
the  estates  were  sold  by  Act  of  Parliament. 

The  caatle  and  manor  were  contracted  for  hy 

: Wogan,  Esq.,  for  30,000/.,  but  ■*  the  aab 

yiM  never  perfected,  they  were  soon  after  sold  to 
Mrs.  Bowes,  widow  of  George  Bowes,  Esir,  of 
Streatham  and  Gibaide,  whose  grandatm,  John 
Xarl  of  Strathmore,  held  them  when  SurUei 
wrote  bis  history.        Thouas  £.  Winnjkstox. 

Miaa  H.  A.  Bridob  will  perhaps  find  the  in- 
Ibrmation  she  waats  as  to  this  seat  getting  into 
the  hands  of  the  Stratbmore  family  by  consulting 
the  hiatories  of  the  cnunty  of  Durham.  Howitt a 
Vuitt  to  Semarkabie  Places  had  a  chapter  devoted 
to  thia  castle ;  but  it  is  so  long  since  I  read  it 
that  I  cannot  remember  whether  he  touches  on 


I  thatptnnt  Thelastof  the  male  Hiltont  t^HiUoB 
,  Castfa  was  a  respectable  tradesman  in  Newoastl»- 
upon-Tjnae.  He  died,  I  beliave,  towards  the  olow 
oi  the  last  century.  He  left  two  unmarried 
daughters  but  poorly  provided  for,  though  not 
quite  so  badly  off  as  hb.  Howitt  gathered  from 
popular  report  The  survivor  of  these  two  dangle 
tera  lived  to  within  twenty  or  thirty  years  agt^ 
and  died  at  Newcaatle-upon-Tyne  at  an  advened 
age,  the  last  of  the  Hiltont  of  Hilton  Castle.  Sho 
1^  oollateial  relations,  but  not  bearing  that 
name.  M.H.  R. 

The  castle  and  family  eitatea  of  Hilton  pasand, 
bythe  wiUof  JohnSltoOfWho  died  osW.  Sept.  3Sl 
I  1746,  to  his  shJmw  Sir  lUdiud  Muagrava  of 
I  Hayton  Caatle,  Baib,  on  coDdttion  of  aMomiof 
tha  name  ot  Hilfam  only.  Within  a  few  yaais 
,  afterwards  tha  yrhtHa  of  the  ettatM  were,  under 
I  an  Act  of  Parliament  told  to  Mn.  Bowaa  of 
I  Streatham  and  Gibaiae,  fhim  whom  they  da- 
I  soended  to  her  Rudaon,  Ji^m  Lrjou  Bowee,  tiwtfi 
I  Earl  of  Strathmon. 

Sereral  families  now  eziat  who  idaim  desOBBt, 
mors  or  tees  iwnote,  bom  the  andent  atook  of 
Hilton^t  the  ynmaA  Sir  W.  G.  Hylton  Jolliffi^ 
BaHn  HyltoD,  and  Sir  Robert  Briaoo  would  a»- 
pear  to  ha  tiia  oa^Mia  of  tha  blood  erf  John  Hu- 
too,  tha  then  renreMntatln  at  tha  CunUy,  aa 
being  deaoetidad  ilMm  his  two  aistera,  Anne  an! 
j  Catharine,  who  married  rsspeetaralj  Sir  ItiidiBtd 


HiXBT  SI  Elbxiox  (4*^  8.  iv.  S74.)— H.  D.  S. 
has  written  an  iatereedng  account  of  thia  ao-callad 
arohitoct  of  tha  time  cf  King  Edward  I.,  but  ha 
has  not  appended  any  aathoritv  for  hb  state* 
menta.  I  would  nfer  him  to  uie  DicUoiutry  of 
Ardultcltre,  s.  t.  "Ellerton,"  for  all  the  informs 
tion  that  has  been  collected  of  that  "  nastor 
mason,"  by  one  who  would  be  riad  to  see  tha 
aothoritdaa  that  can  be  dted  for  the  defauls  notad 
by  H.  D.  E.  W.  P. 

PoBiBUX  or  BxsoiT  (4'*  S.  iv.  361,  337.)— 
When  P.  A.  L.  mentions  that  the  portrait  ot 
Byron  which  W.  E.  West  painted  at  Ksa  ia 
1623  "  haa  been  badly  engraved  hy  Wadgewood 
and  Gngelheart,"  he  ought  to  have  added,  that  it 


Bopy  from  the  original  painting. 

liiablo  artist  also  engraved  the  portrait 
1^  Waabdl,  and  I  am  fortunate  enough  to  pa|aMB 
a  proof  before  letters  of  each,  with  the  mitiali 
C.  T.  There  is  another  large  engraving  by  Mejdg 
from  a  portrait  "  painted  and  drawn  by  J* 
Holmea,  the  last  he  sat  for  is  England.'^  A 
reduction  from  this,  likewise  by  Meyer,  is  ia 
UghHun^BX«r«f%n)N(UHlAu  Qmttw^orarm, 


376 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«k8.iy.Oor.80^WL 


where  too  is  to  be  found  the  yile  caricature  ''  cut 
out  in  paper  by  Mr.  Leigh  Hunt.*'  But  I  must 
have  done.  It  would  be  easy  to  fill  sundry  columns 
of  "  N.  &  Q."  with  an  enumeration  of  the  various 
pictures,  busts,  and  nrints  of  the  great  poet,  whose 
corpse  has  just  now  oeen  dug  up  and  scalped  by  a 
blue-stocking  squaw.  Chitteldrooo. 

Wa9  Macbeth  the  Thibd  Murderer  of 
Banuho  ?  (4«'>  S.  iv.  211, 282.)— -Will  you  allow 
lue  to  make  a  short  statement  in  answer  to  one 
part  of  Mr.  Paton's  interesting  letter  on  this  sub- 
ject, which  I  have  unfortunately  only  just  seen. 
MR.  Pa  TON  says :  "  So  far  as  I  know  the  specula- 
tion is  a  fresh  one;  if  not.  I  would  like  to  know  by 
whom  a  similar  opinion  has  been  held,  and  if  upon 
the  same  grounds."  Upwards  of  ten  years  ago, 
on  a  careful  reading  of  the  play,  it  struck  me  that 
Macbeth  himself  must  be  the  third  murderer,  and 
on  examining  the  scenes  connected  with  the  murder 
I  found  a  number  of  reasons  in  support  of  this 
view.  At  the  time  I  commimicated  the  conviction, 
with  the  grounds  of  it,  to  several  literary  friends 
and  Shakesperian  students;  and  it  was  so  often 
talked  over  oy  some,  who  may  still  be  appealed 
to,  that  it  came  to  be  familiarly  known  as  my 
theory  of  the  third  murderer.  I  may  possibly 
have  discovered  it  with  Mr.  Paton  himself,  as  I 
had  the  pleasure  of  making  his  acquaintance  about 
that  time,  and  we  had  several  loneish  talks  on 
literary  subjects ;  but  if  so,  the  details  of  the 
conversation  have  no  doubt  escaped  his  memory 
as  they  have  mine.  What  is  more  to  the  point  is 
that  five  years  ago^  during  my  first  session  as  pro- 
fessor in  the  University  of  St.  Andrew's,  1  fully 
stated-  the  view  to  my  own  English  literature 
class.  I  have  read  the  play  more  than  once  with 
the  class,  and  on  each  occasion  have  drawn  atten- 
tion to  the  point,  and  stated  in  detail  the  reasons 
for  supposing  Macbeth  to  be  the  third  murderer. 
These  reasons  include  several  of  those  enumerated 
by  Mr.  Paton,  in  particular  the  third,  sixth,  and 
eighth,  and  others  that  he  has  not  noticed.  But 
I  will  not  occupy  your  space  in  giving  the  de- 
tailed statement  I  have  usually  made  on  the 
subject,  as  the  substance  of  it  is  included  in  some 
Shakesperian  criticisms  I  am  preparing  for  the 
press.  I  may  add  that  when  raised  in  the  class, 
the  point  has  generally  excited  a  good  deal  of  inte- 
rest, and  several  of  the  students  have  written  class 
exercises  discussing  the  reasons  for  and  against 
the  supposition  that  Macbeth  is  the  third  mur- 
derer. The  point  is  a  very  small  one,  but  as  Mr. 
Paton  wishes  to  know  whether  the  question  had 
been  previously  raised,  and  I  have  for  years  aca- 
demically discu.Qsed  it,  the  statement  of  this  fact 
seemed  an  act  of  justice  both  to  him  and  to  myself. 
The  critics  have,  I  believe,  never  discussed  the 
point ;  but,  if  I  remember  aright,  it  is  raised  in  the 
notes  to  the  variorum  editions. 

TnoMAs  S.  Batnes. 


St.  Douloghs  (4*  S.  iv.  286.)-- Your 
spondent  who  wishes  for  infonnaticm  *»y^^ 
St.  Douloghs,  may  be  glad  to  be  lefema  to  m 
article  on  ''  The  Church  of  St  Dailech  and  tin 
^Vnchorites  of  the  Middle  Ages,"  in  yoL  ocriiL  of 
the  GetUletnan's  Magazine,  April,  I860). 


MiLT0N*s  IlANDWRiinre'  (4*^  S.  iv.  SSS,  969L 
303.) — In  looking  over  my  Milton  books,  I  find 
another  which  belonged  to  Milton ;  it  ia  a  wdl!- 
known  old  law  book,  the  titla  being  La  VmUt 
Natura  breviunij  derniermeM  corr^ie  0t  mmwKi^ 
et  cy  noiieltnciU  imprimSe,  Londiniy  1584i  li 
the  middle  of  the  title  page  is  written,  undoefct- 
edly  by  Milton,  ^'Johis  Milton  me  pOMUatL|' 
Mr.  Wright's  sugsestion  that  the  aonaflk  k 
modem  will  not  be  borne  out  if  the  writiiiy  k 
examined.  Tlie  history  of  my  book  iritii  tka 
sonnet  is  simply  this.  It  was  sold  at  the  Stowi 
Library.  The  sonnet  was  then  discovered,  nd  If 
was  sold  subsequently  by  Puttick  for20dL  tti 
purchaser  died,  and  I  then  bought  it  at  thenlsof- 
his  books  for  something  less.  It  waa  a  TOj  oUp< 
looking  book  in  calf  binding,  but  it  haa  only  f 
in  the  possession  of  two  persons,  the  origiiial 


chaser  and  myself.  I  send  you  the  book,  for  pn* 
I  bably  neither  Mr.  Bond  nor  Ms.  Wuesxtat 
!  seen  it— though  the  fac-simile  is  of  coone  aoMfU 
'  able  to  every  one.  WnJUUC  TlflL 

42  Lowndes  Square. 

P.S. — It  has  been  suggested  by  one  critio  via 
takes  Mr.  Wrioht's  view,  that  the  sonnet  s^Aft' 
have  been  written  by  John  Marston,  but  M'frfe 
died  a  dozen  years  before  Roasts  book  appesndi 


i^ttfcellaiieoutf. 

NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  EXa 

JIUtory  of  the  College  of  St,  John  the  EvanmBaLOmt^ 
bridge,  by  Thomas  Baker,  B,D„  Ejected  FWiom,  JEUW 
for  the  Syndics  of  the  Universitv  Presa  bjf  Jclia  Eilk< 
Mayor,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St.  Joha^Coli^ge.  (CbnOr^^ 
University  Fress,    Rivingtons.) 

It  may  be  doubted  whether  there  is  any  MS.  In  aalA^ 
ence  which  Cambridge  men  have  been  more  anzioni  toa| 


committed  to  the  press,  under  competent  editoraUp^  tao 
the  History  of  St.  John's  by  that  Socius  rjrrtnnTTinniM 
Baker,  whoso  life  Walpole  desired  to  write  beoaa9«^  Uki 
himself,  **  he  was  a  party  man  from  principle  and  not ;~ 
interest.**  The  learned  Dr.  Zachary  Grev  was 
print  tlic  work  before  us,  but  could  not  obtain  i 
The  Rev.  William  Cole,  the  Cambridge  antiqcuuy,  hadt  M 
believe,  the  same  desire,  which  we  learn,  on  tiie  Mthoii^ 
of  (ileorp^  Dyer,  was  afterwards  entertained  tij  » 
Thomas  Smart  Iluglies.  Some  fifteen  yean  dnoe  a  pA^ 
posal  for  printing  it  was  under  the  consideration  of  dip 
council  of  the  Camden  Society.  It  is  perhaps  well  ftr 
]iaker*s  reputation,  and  in  the  interests  of  literatan^  tW 
all  these  projects  fell  through,  and  that  it  was  vBHrvtl 
for  so  peculiarly  competent  an  editor  as  l£r.  Hagrw  ta 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


\a  hiitory  to  the  world.  Nat  onlj  lias  he  fumiahed 
the  volume  before  lU,  with  Uakec'a  Hbtoty,  acd 
■i  a  teat  of  the  Bccuracj'  or  st  least  a  portion  of 
a  itatementa  by  printing  a  calendar  of  the  prin- 
ocumeata  in  the  eoUege  treasurj-,  but  ho  has  given 
t'l  Notes  and  Continuation,  Lists  of  Fellows,  Cata- 
■nd  Kotices  reapecting  Suholardhips  and  College 
taken  directly  from  the  rc^islera,  so  that  the  hia- 

1  by  a  mau  of  biograpliiculillustraliau,or  Che  extent 
.luG  of  which  nothing  but  a  careful  examiaatiou  could 
he  reader  an  adequate  iilea.  This  supplementary 
lustralivs  matter  alone  occupies  neaity  aix  huiidn^ 
of  small  print ;  while  the  vast  amount  of  inrotma- 
jntained  in  the  buoli  is  made  readily  available  by 


,t  fills  more 

;Ii1t  to  the  credit 


If  I 
10  Pitt  Press 


3S  credit  upon  Mr.  Mayor. 


Wvkcham  Martin  has  been  for  many  yean  a 
IS  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Anliquariea;  and  what 
t  germane  to  the  present  matter,  and  on  which  ho 
ch  more  to  be  congratulated,  he  is  the  owner  of  Leeds 
_one  of  the  most  interesting  among  the  many 
■ting  buildinga  for  which  Kent  is  celebrated.  The 
fbo  suggested  to  Mr,  Martin  the  desirability  of  re- 
ig  the  history  of  this  noble  fortress  was  bis  and 
body's  "valued  and  deeply  lamented  friend,  the 
lev.  Lambert  B.  Larking,''  who  lent  his  willing 
■nee  to  the  good  work  by  furnishing  many  uf  the 
documents  printed  in  the  Ap]>endix,  and  much  in- 
,Uon  relative  to  the  old  famUies  of  Crevecour  and 
jara.  The  accomplished  author  has  moreover  had 
jod  fortune  to  receive  the  co-operation  of  Mr.  G.  T, 
a  and  Mr.  R.  Husscy  when  treating  of  the  construc- 
lilding;  of  Mr.  Twopenny  and  Mr.  Pariier 
----■with  Gothic  architecture;  ofMr.F. 
^y  on  some  genealogical  paints;  and  of  Mr.J.  Gough 
>|8  on  various  suggestions '  of  antiquarian  interest, 
(fartin  ejtpresses  some  anxiety  lest  an  impression 
d  arise  from  the  size  of  tbe  book— rendered  necea- 
bv  the  siie  of  the  illustrative  photographa— that  the 
p'ress  has  only  been  hastily  put  together  to  accom- 
the  plates.  Nothing  could  be  more  unjust  to  the 
ir.  'The  names  we  are  referred  to  would  alone  euf- 
1  show  that,  in  the  work  before  us,  justice  has  been 

to  this  very  important  structure  ai 

^s ;  and  a  glance  at  the  book  itself 

r.  Wykeham  Martin  deserves  credit  for 


w  that. 


abouced  t 


with  which  he  adopted  the  jadicious  adi 

ing,  he  is  not  the  less  entitled  to  credit  f 

(try,  and  intelligence  with  which  he  has 

<  his  history  worthy  of  the  important  histo 

ihicb  it  has  been  his  good  fortune  to  inherit.     In 

g  to  the  world  so  carefully  edited  and  so  beautifully 

rateda  volume,  descriptive  of  that  glorioiks  relic  ol 

}1den  time— Leedf  Castle,    Mr.  Martin  haa  aet  an 

ipl«  which  wo  should  be  glad  to  see  followed  by  the 


rs  of  all  si 


Harm 


a  of  lIulBrv  in  the  A'"""  <■/  PImii,  aith  a  Voca- 
■aru  o/  Ike  Raott  ant  nf  which  Xames  of  Plactt  .u 
•gbrnl  and  IVala  an/ormfd.  fly  Flavell  i-dmnnds. 
OMtfmans.) 

:tinu  on  the  conviction  that  llie  place  names  of  any 
are  the  rootmarks  of  tiie  races  which  have  inhabited 
:r.  Fjlmiinds  fnmbhea  In  the  volume  before  us  the 
t  of  nianv  vcars'  reading  and  study  devoted  to  the 
avour  to'do  for  the  names  of  places  in  England  and 


Wales  what  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin  has  >o  ■ucoeasftiUj' 
nccomplished  fur  the  ordinary  words  of  our  langaage. 
'fhe  reader  will  easily  understand  how  much  ingeniooa 
speculation  and  curious  knowledge  Mr.  Edmunds  hu 
iatroduced  into  his  iiook  when  he  is  informed  that  the 
autlior  considers  that  the  historical  facts  which  are  pre- 
sorved  in  the  place  names  of  England  and  Wales  tUl 
iLtto  thirteen  classes,  such  as  names  which  record  the 
]ihy»eal  condition  of  the  country  in  early  times ;  name* 
uhich  indicate  the  fauna,  ic.  These  chapters,  which 
will  be  found  very  inleresting,  are  followed  by  a  Tocabu- 
lir^  of  the  root-words  out  of  which  the  place  names  now 
existuig  in  England  and  Wales  have  been  formed,  so  that 
the  reader  ma^-  pursue  for  himself  the  instructive  coona 
L'C  inquiry  which  Mr.  Edniunds  liaa  opened  up. 

BooKa  Hbcbivzd:  — 
Shropthire Armi  and I.itieagetf  citn^tiledfrantthe  Hemldie 

ViiHatums  and  AncitiU  Sfanaicripl:    fly  Ihe  Bev.  F. 

W.  Kittermaster,  M.A.     (Macintosh.) 

This  little  volume,  which  is  an  attempt  to  show  what 
families  belonged  to  the  old  gentry  w*io  wero  rewdent  in 
die  county  of  Salop  before  tlie  year  1650,  will  donbtleu 
be  very  acceptable  to  Shropehire  collectors.  The  first 
part  contains  the  families  which  appear  in  the  Visitations, 
irom  the  fir^  by  William  Flower,  Norroy  in  1567,  down 
lo  that  held  by  Dugdale  in  1663.  The  second  contains 
information  respecting  other  old  fiimiliea,  based  upon  the 
luthority  of  those  who  now  represent  them. 
Tht  Kniakt't  Smuon.    Sv  L.  Talentine.     With  Onmnial 

lll^tr^Ui^..    (Wame.) 

The  sDcceu  which  attended  Mrs.  Valentine's  tah, 
iirlginaliy  entitled  Tht  Jtaaiom,  haa  led  to  its  being 
Lb oroughiy  revised  and  much  of  it  rewritten,  and  it  ii  hare 
issued  in  a  popular  form  to  meet  a  wish  which  haa  bean 
very  generally  expresAcd. 
Drbrelt't  TitUd  Men;  a  Paciel  Companion toOiePtaage, 

Barmutage,  Iht  Hmue  of  Commont,  and  thi  Ordtn  of 

Knighthood.     (Dean  &  Son.) 

A  compendious  and  nseful  little  book;  so  tiseful  as 
■tmoit  lo  eeasa  to  be  a  campanian,  but  a  subatitnte  for 
the  Peerage,  && 
T/iiBcBelationlolhtStoiiko/ ETeMliam,n9B.    CarrftMy 

tdiltdfivm  Ihe  Uniqm  Copg,  w»  in  tht  Britith  Muiritm, 

of  tht  Edition  prinUd  b)  HnUian  de  MachUiua  abont 

1482.    fly  Edward  Arbor. 

Mr.  Arbec  haa  shown  good  judgment  in  adding  this 
volume,  as  remarkable  for  its  rarity  aa  its  matter,  to  his 
valuable  series  of  Englitk  Reprinti. 
fltiarDH'i  GMe  to  Dtrbgihire.  A  Complete  Handboohfor 

tht    Coitnlf,    containing   Siitoriral,  BiogngAiaJ,  and 

Aaliqaarian  NaScee,    Kitii    Houles,  Dnntl,   (fc^   and 

ladiett  of  Iht  Mineralom,  Botany,  $v.,  of  Derbfthirt ; 

ailh  lUuitratioia  and  JUop.     (Bemrose.) 

Mr.  Hicktin  and  Mr.  Alfred  Wallia,  the  editors,  claim 
to  have  a  long  and  intimate  acqaaintance  with  Derby- 
shire, and  fhe  work  justifies  Iheir  claim ;  and  as  it  not 

but  treats  also  of  the  natural  history  of  the  countv,  and 
ig  very  profusely  illustrated,  the  publi^iier's  hope  tEiat  its 
pages  and  pictures  may  recall  pleasant  days  to  those  who 
use  it  is  pretty  sure  to  be  realted. 

Messrs.  Ue  L*  Has  are  this  year  foremost  in  point  of 
timi>,  as  they  usually  are  foremost  in  point  of  beauty  atid 
elegance,  with  their  various  "  Ked  Letter  Diaries,"  •'  Im- 
proved Memorandum  Books,"  "  Indeiihls  Ulariea,"  and 
"  Red  Letter  Calendars  " ;  of  which  it  is  difficult  to  say 
whether  they  are  most  lo  be  commended  for  the  informa- 
tion   they  contain,   produced   tinder  the   editorahip  of 


378 


NOTES  AND  QUBEIES. 


[VkS.IT.0m.«>1K, 


Mr.  GlaiihCT  of  tho  Orecnwich  OlwcrTBtnrT,  and  Mr 
Thtlwall  (10  Bar  nothine  of  Mr.  Warren  Do  La  Rue's 
Account  of  the  Tolal  Keli|»e  of  the  Sun  in  AqruM,  IS6H), 
or  fiir  the  ^xl  la'-te  wilh  nhich  the}*  are  tcTerally 
lamed  out — the  neolncit  of  tboae  inleniled  for  men  of 
buiiness  Icinff  19  marked  an  the  Rood  taste  ilisplavFti 
in  the  vplvft  and  morocco  bindings  of  those  prepared 
exprcMlj'  fur  ladies,  presents,  &c, 

Thk  iJiiK  Kari.  ar  Dehbt.  —  When  every  Journal 
throufihont  the  land  ii  bearing  testimony  to  the  biKli 
■    '  -  -  -pr  of  Ixird  Derby,  and  to  ihe  loss  which 


!  deal 


that  •'N.&Q."hi 


3t  eeeaped  bii  ni 


aeC  be  permilled  tn  pay 
i  oc'i^anua.  in  snite  of  the 


The  OrBstNO  op  BLACKFniiitH  Briikie  is  to  taka 
place  on  Saturday  next.  TJie  day  is  within  twelve  of  the 
centenaryof  Ihe opnninf;  of  (hcArstbrider,  which  took  place 
on  Nov.  I K.  1  T(i9.  Fartr  politicsranhiRhlhen.  Mylne,lhe 
architect,  was  a  Scotchman  i  so  was  Patcrsan,  the  Ci^y 
Bolicitor,  uho  Kot  him  the  job,  and  wrote  the  Latin  iu- 
Bcriptiun  on  the  foundation  stone,  laadatorv  of  tlie  great 
Commoner.aiterwhnmitwaa  originally  intended  that  the 
brld^.'e  shnuhi  be  named.  80,  while  Churcliill  attacked 
the  Scotchmen,  Itonncll  Thornton  found  in  PaUraon's 
City  Ljittniiv  a  theme  fbr  hia  satire;  and  it  may  be 
doubted  if  llie  annals  of  the  City  ever  fumiiihed  an  inci- 

may  liml.  if  he  will  take  the  trouble  of  turning;  to  that 
storehouse  of  bv^^nne  political  squibs.  The  JVnc  Fimndliiig 
HotpluJfnr  mt- 

SnAK)ii>KAKE'HAi.'TiMinAi-ii. — A  beautiful  fac-similo  in 
litbograpli  has  lieen  executed  by  Mr.  Tupper  ot  the  sup- 
pasol  autograph  of  Shakspere,  exliibiled  at  the  Kury 
meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Institulc  this  last  summer. 
Mr.  Jooeph  Durtt,  nf  the  Becord  Ufliee— as  some  of  our 
readers  will  rrcdllect— wrote  a  long  letter  to  The  Tiuiei, 
in  which  lie  contended  for  the  authentieily  of  tliis  sijcna- 
tnre  as  showing  the  f^nuine  handwriting  of  the  poet. 
The  autograph,  orsuppuaod  autognph.  occurs  in  a  small 
edition  of  the  wnrkn  of  Ovid,  poblished  nt  .\msterdam  in 
lfl;lO.  "lnlhi«,''KaysMr.Burtt,"llieiiecondlearfrom  the 
bef^nnin;;  is  cut  down  all  round,  covered  with  parchment 
on  one  side,  and  on  it  are  |>asted  the  Mgnaturea  of  Hugh 
Middicton'  and  'John  Dr\-den.'  Turning  on  a  few 
pages  more  another  leaf  is  found  similarly  treated,  and  on 
It  parted  a  picceof  paper  the  entire  Aix  of  the  parchment, 
on  wlilch  are  (he  wiirds  '  thyne  Sweeteste,  W.  Shoksperc, 
Strattfurdp,  JIarch  Ifi,'  in  the  handwriting  of  (lie  latter 


sessnr  of  the  volume  after  his  brothei'i  deatk  alMwttw* 
years  ago.  Ho  had  always  been  impreaaod  with  kbtWb 
the  genuinoncHS  of  Shakspere's  eignatnn,  bnt  did  iMlbfaf 
with  it  till  he  heard  of  the  museam  which  tlw  Aieta*- 
logical  Inatttntc  was  forming  at  Bunr,  which  be  tbagU ' 
a  good  opportunity  for  bringing  It  fbrwiid."  Mr.  Butt 
argues  learnedly  on  the  strong  reaemblanca  wUcfa  lU  . 
signature  bean)  (othe  nndimbtedly  geaniDaantagiaphtrf 
Shakspere,  hut  his  opinion  on  the  subject,  howamnJfr 
able,  1.4  not  supported,  wc  believe,  by  the  best  Jndfii  Ii 
snchmattcrs.  We  should  like  Co  knowwhat  then  ~ 
ties  in  the  British  Museum  have  to  lay  oi 
■Isn,  whether  it  has  been  shown  to  Sir  ttti 
and  what  is  his  Judgment  respecting  it. 
Tub  Laui 


"  Dear  Sir. — You  have  done  ne  hononr  ill  uaodilkt 
my  name  with  j'our  Institution,  and  you  havs  mj  kvtt 
good  wishes  for  it*  success.  Will  tha  foIlawtBC  Ww 
_...,.. . p  ihavait' 


It  of  my  entrance  hall :  *  T  Gwmr  fa  «fas 

Hhairainsltheworld).   ATenoMBdA 

ne,  and  whid  ■ 


ySyrf'(Thel 

apothegm,  and  I  tl 

year  purnoae  either  in  Welsh  orEngHih.    Tear  Mv 

arrived  when  I  was  away  from  England,  or  weaT"     " 

l)een  earlier  answered.— Believe  me,  yonn  tmljr. 


.f  tlip  sixteen 


with 


lilver  paiier  pasted  in.  The'  writing  w( 
UkSy  to  read,  hut  it  had  to  me  a  very  genuine  took,  Ihongh 
■mailer  and  neater  in  character  than  what  I  coulrl  recol- 
lect of  that  of  our  great  dramntiflt.  The  paper  also 
loohed  cjuhe  of  Ihe  same  dale.  The  history  of  the  hook 
is  this.  About  twentv-eight  years  ago  an  cider  brother 
of  the  present  owner  (the  Rev.  Herbert  Hawkins,  rector 
of  Beyton)  Innghl  it  of  a  second-hand  bookseller,  for  the 
lake  of  iJryclcn's  auto!;raph.  Turning  over  the  pages  he 
came  to  the  autograph  of  Shakspere.  This  he  shnwed  lu 
some  Iriends.  who  '  p<«ii-poohe<l' il.  and  so  it  was  eon- 
signed  to  retirement.    The  present  owner  became  tlie  pos- 

•  A  good  deal  of  curious  matter  on  this  luliject  has 
already  appcaroi  in  "  S.  ik  Q."  See  1"  S.  vj.  20,  8!!; 
S"»  S.  xU.  121  i  S"  S.  vii.  177  i  viii.  41. 


Themnltoisannble  one,  and  one  which  diinild  < 
held  in  mind  by  all  wlio  are  engaged  In  Ilteru^  ' 

The  Man  in  thr  Iro:i  Mark.— One  of  tliCM  llll  I 
eel  doubts  which  have  continued  to  exsoiae  the  i^pMri^ 
of  so  many  writers,  forms  Ihe  subject  of  whit  pfnataato 
be  1  very  intcrenlirg  papr  by  H.  Marina  Topin,  «f  wkM 
the  first  part  appeare  m  the  new  namber  af£aAn» 
upondtnt.  It  is  based  upon  M.  Paul  Laemuc'i  lalBiA" 
ing  volume  upon  the  eubjeet  published  Id  IftU,  wtakftal- 
will  be  icmembered,  went  to  show  thmt  the  antapfv 
victim  of  this  cruel  imprisonment  was  tin  lola^^^ 
Finance,  Fouquct,  whose  mistress  Madame  de  If  eiotan 
is  said  to  have  been  previous  t«  her  marriage  ta  Scama> 

The  t.ATK  Mr.  Thomas  Waits. — A  correapoidHi  rf 

The  Aihexumm  proi^oses  that  some  memorial  of  tfaia  leei^ 
pliahed  scholar  ^hauld  be  placed  in  the 
to   the  Reading   Koom  of  the  British 
already  conUins  a  bu»t  of  Mr.  Panizd.     We 
excellent  suggestion  will  not  he  lost  sigM  <£. 

Mrs.  Stowk'8  Defbkcr. — The  Hartfbrd  CbaraM  t 
the  7tii  iiu'tnnt  contaius  the  following  cttrd  fton  UA 

"  Mrs.  Stowe  desires  the  friends  ofjuatlce  end  ieir  hid- 
ing to  publish  fur  her  this  announcement— That  iba  la 
kept  silence  herelofure  in  i^ard  to  the  eritjclam  oakv 
article  on  Lady  Byron  for  two  reoaona.  Fint,  liaia^ 
she  reganled  the  public  mind  as  in  too  excited  ■  itatal* 
consider  the  matter  dispassianately ;  and,  eeoond,  baceHi 
flhe  has  expected  the  development  of  additional  pnofe  '»' 
England.  Bomaofwhich,  of  great  importance,  have  elnelf 
come  to  hand.  Mrs,  Stowe  ia  preparing  a  ravUir  air  tt* 
whole  matter,  with  further  facts  and  more  doeuMM 
including  several  letters  of  !,ady  Byron  to  her,  atlvtlK 
ihc  vigour  and  soundness  of  her  ndnd  at  the  period 


.■ta 


;rred   t 
Byron  I 


I  and  also  Mrs. 
It  the 


lettei*  to  Le4r 
ntBinedtohtfV 


leasons  which  led  hi 


soon  after  Ihat  lady's  death.    She  win  ri» 

ic  a  full  account  of  the  drenmat— ewi 

'   ■  *    tobe  berdntf 


4*  3.  IV.  Oct.  30,  'es.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


benai 


this  disclosure  nH  an  obligation  alike  of  justice,  gratitude, 
and  prnHinBl  fricndiUilp."  Tlieiie  niu4t  be  very  scrong 
and  full  In  juatiry  her  fur  ber  grave  atlack  upon  tli«  m»- 
moir  of  Uia.  Leigh. 

The  Kotal  Ikktitcte  or  BitiTisfi  Architects  will 
meet  fiir  tlie  lint  time  thb  ijesiioa  on  Mornlay  next, 
when  fflr  WUliam  Tito,  U.P.,  the  President,  wUl  deliver 
an  opHiiug  address. 

Tub  JoBxans  Clih.  —  The  first  meeting  of  a  new 
literary  society  ondertbii  Ciile.iras  held  on  Thunday  even- 
ing, the  21atiniL,  at  Mr.  Williim  Chandler  Heald'sttooma, 
ClilTurd's  Inn.  Fleet  Street.  The  ohjecta  of  this  ctub  are— 
first,  to  hold  meetings  of  its  memliers  for  the  purpose  of 

reviev  aiiclub,  publloutiaas.  new  editions  or  otherwise, 
of  slanitard  English  aathors.  The  plau  Uken  in  forming 
the  Jolineon  Club,  is  thut  of  the  fauioui  Literary  Club  of 
the  last  century,  instituted  by  the  great  Sage  of  Fleet 
Street  himself.  Gentlemen  desirous  of  becoming  mem- 
■  ■  the  Uursar,  Kdmund 

ip.  Rooms,  S  Clif- 

LoiiLi  Stamidi'e,  whose  "  History  of  Kngland  "  it  will 
be  remembered  commences  from  the  Peace  of  Utrecht, 
bat  in  the  presw,  '■  The  Reign  of  Queen  Anne  until  the 
Peace  of  Uliwhl,"  designed  as  a  eonnecting  link  between 
his  own  History  and  that  of  liis  noble  friend  and  fellow 
bistorian  Lord  llacaulay.     It  will  be  published  by  Mr. 


Msaang,  IlL'nsT  &  Blackett  announce  the  follDWing 
works  for  appearance  in  November;  —  "Tbe  Life  and 
Remains  of  Robert  Lee,  D.D.,"  by  R.  H.  Story,  Minister 
«I  iiusneath.  willi  an  Introductory  Chapter  by  Mrs.  Oli- 
phant-,  ■' Uelien ham's  Vow,"  by  Amelia  B.  Edwards, 
author  of  "Barbara's  History,"  &c,  3  vols,  j  "Francis 
the  first,  and  other  Ilistnric  Studies,"  by  A.  Baillie 
Cochrane,  Svols.2]i.;  -'The  Unkind  Won),  and  other 
Stories,"  by  the  auihor  of  "John  llalifai,  Uentleman," 
3  vol-,  -ils.;  "Uuy  Vernon,"  by  the  lion.  Mrs.  Woulfe, 

JIi:.''4iis.  Ni'het  will  shortly  publish  "  Erllng  the 
Bold  :  a  Tal<>  of  the  Norse  Sea-Kings"  by  R.  M.  Ballan- 
lyne;  -  Li-ht  and  Ttuth"j  "Bible  Thoughts  and 
Themen";  -The  A.-ts  and  the  Episile.i."  bv  the  Rev. 
Iluratius  lionar.  l).l>.:  "He  that  Uvercometh;  or,  a 
Conijueriit;;  lionpel."  bvthe  Kev.  W.  E.  Board  man,  M.  A.; 
"  The  .'Spanish  Barber,"''  a  tnle,  by  the  author  of  ■*  Mary 
Powell." 

Messrs.  I'EinvriST^  Ci>. announce  for  publicationdurlng 
(he  annulngseaiun  thctiillowing  additions  to  their  "  Pho- 
tuffiaphic  Unifi,"  \'n. :  — "  Veniee  and  the  Poets,"  con- 
talnln;;  wlei'limis  fnini  Byron,  Browning,  Ulougb,  Ro^'ersi 
Shellry.  Ikr-  ir.,  nlited  by  Stephen  TbomiMon,  and  illus- 
Irat'il'with  lU  phiitrigraphs  taken  expr»'ly  fur  the  work 
bv  that  uentlvmuii ;  ■•  A  IllMory  ol  liibrallar  and  its 
SieKPTS"  with  photographic  lllnstrations  by  J.  II.  Minn ; 
■*Our  Kni'lith  Lakes,  Muuntains,  and  Waierfulls."  assa>-n 
br  Willisui  Wiinl^iworth,  fiiurth  edition,  with  photo- 
j;'raphi,'illii>lrnti..n4liyTh..maHU.;le.     Twu  volumes  in. 

fi:hrml  lllitiirii'*,"'  vii.:— ■■  llarriiw,"  withHphotographs, 
"  L'ppiii;;1inm,"  v  ith  in  phut'-graph?. 

Hi  NT's  1N-.\V».  — jV  vi.lnino  of  these  genial 


m-l  o 


V  Ti.lu  lu 


a  Chin 


l«r^ >1  fil-n<I..Mi 

lishvrl  \.y  Mr.  I|.>tt 


by  the  aultwr'i 
aniy  pu'* 
to  place  it 


fUitital  to  CarretfiiiinVeRtil. 


Tj    riuvin  and  tialMii  iKHtlH  tlie7   iR   InialuiOjli  lur  l£nSn, 


■  •f .- 


380 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4>k&IV.OeciaOb< 


MR.  MURRAY'S 


Albkmabta  8n»a^ 


FORTHCOMING   AVORKS. 


THE  REIGN   OF  QUEEN  ANNE    UNTIL 

THE  PEACE  OF  UTRECHT.  DMlicned  as  a  connectinjr  link 
between  the  Conclusion  of  Lord  Mnraulay'i  Hlntory  and  the  Com- 
mencement of  Lord  Mahon'B.  By  EAKL  STANH(5PE  cUte  LORD 

MAHOX).    8T0. 

A  NEW  SERIES  OF  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO 

THE  LITERATURE  OF  ART.  By  SIR  C.  I/KK  EA8T- 
I^KE,  R.  A.  With  a  Memoir  of  the  Author,  and  a  Selection  flrom 
his  Letters.    By  L.VDY  EA8TLAKE.    8vo. 

TRAVELS    IN   LITTLE   KNOWN   PARTS 

OF  ASIA  MINOR.  With  lUuftrationt  of  Biblical  Literature 
and  Difcoveriea  in  Archcolotry.  By  REV.  HEXRY  J.  VAN 
LENNEF.  D.D..  Thirty  Yean  MiMionary  In  Turkey.  With  Illui- 
trationf.    S  vols.    Post  8vo. 

THE  DISCOVERY  of  THE  GREAT  WEST. 

AN  HISTORICAL  NARRATIVE.  By  FRANCIS  PARKMAN, 
Author  of  "Pioneers  of  France  in  the  New  World,"  and  '*The 
Jesuits  in  North  America."    Post  8to. 

METALLURGY;    or,  the  Art  of  Extracting 

Metattf  fVom  their  Ore*,  and  adaptinir  them  to  various  Purposes  of 
■     JOHN    PERCY,    F.R.8.     Vol.  III_GOLD, 

8yo. 


Manufacture. 

SILVER,  and  L£AD.    With  lUustraaons. 


LE 


THE  "ROB  ROY»'  ON  THE  JORDAN,  NILE, 

RED  SEA,  AND  GENNESARETII,  te.  A  Canoe  Cruise  in 
Pole-otine  and  E(0')>t  and  the  Waters  of  Damascus.  By  J.  AIAC- 
GREGOR,  M.A.    With  Maps  and  IllustraUous.    8vo. 

SCRAMBLES  AMONG  THE  ALPS.    Includ- 

ini;  the  First  Ascent  'of  the  Matterhom,  and  the  attempts  which 
preceded  it;  also  a  Chapter  on  Gi.aciai<  Phrn'OWKNa  on  tub 
ALPS  AND  IX  Grrrxlaxd.  By  EDWARD  WHYMPER.  With 
Maps  and  Illustrations.    8vo. 

OUR    IRON-CLAD    SHIPS;    their  Qualities, 

Performances,  and  Cost,  including  Chapters  on  Turret  Ships.  Iron- 
clad Rams.  ftr.  By  E.  J.  REED,  C.B.,  Chief  Constructor  of  the 
Navy.    With  Illustrations.    8to. 

BRITTANY  AND  ITS  BY^EWAY^S ;  with  some 

Account  of  its  INHABITANTS  and  its  ANTIQUITIES.  By 
MRS.  PALLISKR.    With  Illustrations.    Post  8vu. 

A  PERSONAL  NARRATIVE   OF  OCCUR- 

RENCK8  AT  PEKIN,  during  Ix>rd  El^dn's  Second  Embavy  to 
China.  By  H.  B.  LOCH,  Prl\-ate  Secretary  to  U»e  Earl  uf  Elgin. 
With  Illustrations.    Post  8vo. 

A  GEOGRAPHICAL  HANDBOOK  OF  ALL 

THE  KNOWN  FERNS,  divided  into  Six  Territorial  Divisions. 
ByK.  M.  LYELL.    PostSvo. 

THE  MILITARY^  FORCES  OF  THE  CROWN. 

Their  Administration  and  Government.  By  C.  M.  CLODE. 
Vol.  II.,  cumplctini;  the  work.    8vo. 

THE  CHURCH  AND  THE  AGE :  a  Series  of 

Essavs  on  the  Princiiiica  and  Present  Position  of  the  Anglican 
Church.  By  variouM  Anth«.rs.  EiUtetl  by  REV.  A.  WEIR,  D.C.L.. 
and  REV.  D.  MACLAGAN,  M.A.    8vo. 

A  POPULAR  ETYMOLOGICAL  DICTION- 
ARY OF  THE  FRENCH  LANGUAGE.  By  EDWARD  PICK, 
Ph.D.    8vo. 


VEvr  zBXTZoxrs. 

GROTE'S  HISTORY  OF  GREECE.    A  New 

Edition.    To  be  published  in  Monthly  Volumes.     Post  »^vo,  6*. 
each. 


HISTORICAL  MEMORIALS  OF  WESIHIK- 

8TER  ABBEY.    B7  A.  P.  RTANLET,  D.D.,  Deaa  oTWaMb- 

ster.    Third  and  enlarged  Edition,  with  Add&MMrXllM  mA 
Illustrations.    8vo. 

••«  The  Supplement  may  be  had  npuaWlr- 

The  HUGUENOTS:  their  Settlements^ 

and  Industries  in  Enjrlaad  and  Ireland.    By  Si 
Third,  Revised,  and  CbMper  Edition.   FottSra. 

HOW  SHALL   WE    CONFORM    TO  THR 

LITUROY  OF  THE  CnURCn  OF  ElCOI«AN1>V  9f 
ROBERTSON,  M.A.    Third  Edition,  icriwd.    FMtafS 

THE  VOYAGE  OF  "THE.FOX"  IN  THE 

ARCTIC  SEAS  to  DISCOVER  the  FATE  oTSIB  J< 
LIN  and  his  a)MPANIONS.  By  SIB  LBOTOLD 
KN.    Third  Edition.    With  Illuitimtioiia.    "^^  — 


THE  GOTHIC  ARCHITECTURE  of  SPAIN: 


dcscrilied  trnm  Personal  Obscrvationa  made  In 

G.  E.  STREET.  F.S.A.  Second  and  Cheaper  Edition, 
and  Illustrations.    8vo. 

A  MANUAL  OF  ETHNOLOGY.    Br 

L.  BRACE.   Second  Edition.  PortSvo. 

LIFE  OF  CICERO.    His  Character  m  a  SMm- 

MAN,  Orator,  and  Friend.     By  WILLIAM  TfOUttTB,  Qft 

Third  and  Chea:ier  Edition.    With  10  lUuitratloaa.    Sfo, 

DOG-BREAKING.      By    LiBUT.-GDr.    Hot- 

CIIINSON.    Fifth  and  Cheaper  Edition.     ^Vlth  40  TIlMtialli 

Cruwu  8vo. 

ATHENS  and  ATTICA.     By  C.  Wobimwokk, 

D.D.,  Bishop  of  Linoln.    Fourth  Edition.     With  IllHtaMHHiw 

Post  8vo. 

BLUNT  on  the  RIGHT  USE  of  the  EABLT 

FATHERS.    Third  and  Chcmier  Edition.    SrOb 


MimSAT'S  SELECT  BEPBIST8, 

A  Series  of  Interesting  and  Popular  Workt^jpriwHi  m  M 
portable  Size  with  good  clear  Type,  tmaiiSto,  $$»  lA 
each, 

HEBER'S  POETICAL  WORKS. 
ARTHUR  HALLAM'S  REWEAINa 
COLERIDGE'S  TABLE  TALK. 
JESSE'S  GLEANINGS  IN  NATURAL  HB- 

TORY". 

SIR  HUMPHRY  DAVY'S  SALHONIA. 

„  DAVY'S  CONSOLATKHJ 

IN  TRAVEL. 

ABERCROMBIE    on  the    INTELLECTUAL 

POWERS. 

REJECTED  ADDRESSES.    By  HoR^OB  nl 

JAMES  SMITH. 

LOUDON'S  INSTRUCTIONS  IN  Gar- 
dening. 


JOHN  MURRAY,  ALBEMARLE  STREET. 


4*5.  IV,  Nor.  6, '89.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


381 


nSMSEIt  S,  1889. 

CONTESTS,— S"  97. 
NOTBS:  — Iliimboldl't  Lcttn  to  Chevalier  Bunson.lSlO. 
18S6.  S81-ThB  VMicaii  Library.  SSS— Not™  on  •■■aac- 
tx'th," SM  —  Byrnii  and  hia  Mcmoin.SSS— Windlice:  ■ 
Pranncnt  oil  SliihaperpBii  GlonMriM  — Lord  Bjroi;  and 
Ms  Dauiibter  ~-  Vere^g  pretlicd  lo  Sir  Thomsa  Overbury's 
'■  Wife  ■■  —  -  Nullus  "  — Carrtaire  -  Rhyraa  lo  "  Kelther  " 

—  Singulu  Text :  "  Bofi  aod  Girls,"  SIM. 
QCBKIBS:  ~  Uajnr   AlidrC'e   Lett«r  to  VMhinnton  — 

Anonymous— Aiitiuhonarium  found  in  BpringHeld  Cbuwii 

—  Bolton  Abbey  — Byi'ou'8  Mcnioini-(>>in  of  Jamra  II. 

—  Thf  Counif!h  — Dccrelala  of  Isidore  — Qneon  EliMbfth 
■nd  FrfemiBonrv  —  "  Enlomulogy  "  —  Dr.  Powke—  Fathur 
JoUii  Gtrard,  SX—  Hatton  Vamils  —  Murchand  and  Mil- 
bourno  Pamilics  — Mouminir  LotWr  Paimr  — Pepper  Hill 

—  Record  ComintBaion  ;  tlnpublinhcd  Il<i»rt  oT  —  The 
»j.d.hn.»»t.  »Rn>tnn  IjniBHri  —  BmI  nfun  Abbot  of  CLren- 

oho"  —  Walter 

Qmsisa  1FITH    ANawsES:  — Thomas  GepiinuH  ~  Dutch 

Spinninc-houaes  —  Tartar  Kini?- "  Gesla  Komanonim  " 

Quotation  -  Watermen-s  Companj,  381. 
SBPLIBS:- FortniitBOf  Bi 

Barralet.  lb.  —  the  Coaressi 

— "SiniOId  Rnso  and  burn  ine  jjl-iiowi"— Albort  Hmitna 
nfMontBlsno  — "Thr-reworeThrae  Ladies  PlajtoB 


«,  392  —  ■'  Prison  Piety,"  SOS      p.  9. 


"Whatever  PmwiaD  partUansbip  mhy  think  or  t^ 
about  it,  Humboldt  DCTeFwai apolitical  man.  HononcMi 
with  tha  intimate  friendship  of  two  of  his  TOvanigw  in 
succession,  Frederick  William  III.  and  IV.,  IIumholA 
could,  when  alter  tbirt}-  years'  labours  and  wanrieitDgl 
he  took  up  his  residence  in  his  native  place  in  1SS7,  hare 
aspired  to  bdt  place  in  the  conncil  and  cabinet.  B« 
science  opcnetf  a  far  wider  sphere  of  action  before  him ; 
and  although  both  kines  and  ministers  w«™  alwayt 
welcome  to  bis  candid  and  loyal  Bdvice—altboogh  be  oer- 
tainlj  had  clear  views  and  warm  sympathies  and  settled 
principles ^he  was  placed  too  fai  above  mercworldlj  pu- 
sions  or  personal  consideratiooa  to  give  any  party  tba 
right  to  claim  him  as  its  own.  This  is  so  true  that  tl» 
aitieans  who  stood  round  the  base  of  bis  fatnte  momimeiit 
on  Tnesdaj  last  thought  him  a  '  democrat,'  although  tiN 
truth  is  that  Humboldt  was  an  aristocnt  by  birth  and 
insdnct,and  that  his  detennined  Liberalism  waaonlv  tha 
result  of  knowledge  and  hencraleace.  lie  believed  Ui 
countrymen  entitled  by  their  high  culture  to  representa- 
tive institutions, aad  he  was  Uie  king's  [Frederick  Willltm 
IV.]  eood  ang^  so  long  as  his  sovereign  hstened  to  tbe 
better  impnises  of  an  devniad  and  seneraiu,  but  ws^ward 
and  somewhat  mocbid  Qatnra." — Vide  The  Timei,  anii, 


UimBOLDT'S  LETTERS  TO  CIIEVALIEK 
BUXSEK.*  181G-1856, 
In  the  scconnt  of  the  celebratJon  of  the  hun- 
dredth aiiDtveraary  of  Alexander  von  Humboldt's 
birthday  (September  14)  in  Berlin,  yAe  Times' 
correspondent  has  made  a  slight  mistake  in  BBviiif; 
that  the  contents  of  a  collection  of  Humboldt's 
letters  ti>  Chevalier  Uunaen,  which  have  been 
published  as  an  act  of  botnngu  or  commemoration, 

"  Are  mostly  political,  displaying  the  well-known  libe- 
ralism of  the  writer,  who  knew  hia  sentiments  lo  he  cor- 
(laillv  reciprocated  by  his  correspondent,"  —  Vide  The 
TinoM,  September  W,  IHGD,  p.  4. 

The  contontsiif  these  letters, howeTer.are  mostly 
or  almost  altogether  literary,  showing  to  their  full 
extent  that  truly  )^at  man's  amiable  and  noble 
sentimoiits  towards  all  those  ivho  Htrivo  to  du 
Bomethitig  noble  or  good  for  the  general  welfare 
of  the  human  race.  For  one  cannot  but  agree 
with  the  senliiiient  expressed  in  the  excellent 
leader  on  that  cilebration  in  Berlin,  in  the  same 
number  of  that  irreat  and  puissant  public  oi^au  of 
the  whole  civilised  world  :— 


-  Briiff  t.m  Alrtaaiirr  tnx  Ilumbolrtt  an  ChrUttan  Carl 
Jntins  t'Telhrrr  e«a  flutuen.  Leipzif;,  1SG!>.  The  little 
volume  eonlniu^  ninety-two  lettiTii,  the  iirst  being  dated 
from  Paris,  April  or  May,  IKIG;  the  last  from  Berlin, 
December,  18,1.6.  The  letters  arc  accompanied  by  short 
foot-notes,  which  greatly  help  to  elucidate  the  contents  of 


I  hope  I  shall  be  pardoned  for  quoting  at  eudi 
length  from  an  article  which  has  already  been  read 
by  miUione,  but  I  beg  leave  to  say  diat  the  out- 
spoken earnestness  and  clear  trnthfulnesa  of  this 
I  article  has  created  nothing  but  reciprocated  feel- 
ings in  every  warm-hearted  Qerman,as  the  accotmt 
of  that  celebration  in  Berlin  has  caused  not  only 
I  t>)  EngKA  readers  "  surprise  and  duappoiatmeiit, 
I  not  unmixed  with  a  feeling  almost  of  diagngU 
I  The  watery  raised  against  Humboldt  from  witiiin 
Berlin  owes  much  to  the  fostering  of  the  belief 
I  that  that  gnat,8ingle-minded,  and  outspoken  man, 
"  who  was  easily  carried  away  hy  wanntii  oi 
temperament  and  by  his  oamestnesB  of  conviction," 
I  was  an  unbeliever  as  well  as  a  democrat ;  but  the 
bitterness,  petty  spite,  and  resentment  displayed 
against  him  by  the  upper  classesat  Berlinare  owing 
still  more  to  some  indiscreet  revelations  of  Hum- 
I  holdt's  to  "one  of  those  dangerous  friends  tvho 
',  keep  diaries," — one  who,  like  Vamhagen, 
I  "took  pains  to  write  down  eveij-  rash  word  that 
I  escaped  Humboldt's  lips  in  those  fits  of  impatlenca  and 
\  indignation  to  which  he  gave  free  tent  in  lus  oppaattioD 
days."— rA(  Timei,  ant*,  p.  9. 

The  Briefe  von  Alexander  von  HumboOl  ot 
Vamhagm  von  £nse,  1827-1858.  which  were  pub- 
I  lished  shortly  after  the  latter  a  death  (Ist  ed., 
!  I860),  as  we'll  as  thfe  Tag^mcher*  (i.-xi.  Tola., 
18G1-1869),  haye  brought  down  upon  Humboldt 
I  the  stigmas  of  ingratitude,  spite,  lave  of  mfduattet, 
I  two-facedness,  and  pertidiousness.  But,  as  an  an- 
swer to  all  theoe  accusations,  I  refer  the  curious 
'  leader  to  that  excellent  leader  in  The  T'lWi  spoken 
I  of.  It  is  a  homage  done  to  the  memory  of  tile 
great  man,  who  was  — 

"  A  discoverer  and  a  poet  in  science  ralher  than  a  [4i- 
losopber.     lie  was  a  giant  in  strength,  and  daring  in 


>  others. 


:  Humboldt  i 


382 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


li^B.lY.VoT.^%k 


refleaich ;  he  stated  facto  broadly,  fearlessly,  but  shbwed 
no  anxiety  to  build  abstruse  theories  or  to  draw  hasty 
condnsions.** 

MoreoTer — 

**  That  Humboldt  was  very  careful  how  he  wounded 
the  feelings  of  conscientious  believersi,  is  a  fact  of  which  we 
require  no  better  proof  than  his  friendship  with  Bunsen, 
a  mendiBhip  which  continued  unshaken  and  undiminished 
to  Humboldt's  dying  day." 

To  this  friendship,  then,  we  owe  the  volume  of 
letters,  which  extend  over  a  space  of  forty  years. 
Many  of  them  are  letters  of  recommendation  or 
introduction  given  to  literary  men,  or  to  urtists 
who  were  anxious  for  Bunsen's  advice  or  friend- 
ship when  visiting  Italy  and  England ;  many  of 
them  are  full  of  (iritical  notes  on  Bunsen*s  his- 
torical writings  or  on  the  subject  of  the  same ; 
others  again,  full  of  praise,  as  for  instance  when 
speaking  of  3lrs.  Sabine's  excellent  English  trans- 
lation of  Cosmos  (he  sends  her  the  Cosmos  medal, 
the  idea  and  composition  of  which  is  by  the 
Mng,  the  execution  of  the  drawing  by  Cornelius. 
Brief Cy  p.  105),  or  of  Mrs.  SomerviUe's  Tnritings  j 
or  full  of  deep  anxiety  as  regards  the  non-acknow- 
ledgment of  books  or  letters  of  his  from  such 
esteemed  savants  as  the  noble-minded  Sir  John 
Herschel — 

"  Can  you  not  get  me  a  few  kind  words  from  Sir  John 
Herschel?  lie  must  have  received  my  letter  and  the 
German  copy  [of  Connot'],  Each  page  is  the  expression  of 
my  veneration  for  him.  Almost  every  one  of  his  mere 
thoughts  has  been  used  by  me." — 1851,  Briefe,^.  129. 

And  again — 

**  I  have  a  deep  grief,  of  which  I  think  I  have  spoken 
to  you  once  before.  I  do  not  want  praise  as  an  author; 
but  not  to  live  any  longer  in  the  memory  of  a  man  like 
Sir  John  Herschel,  who  for  many  years  has  made  me 
more  than  happy  by  his  friendship,  pains  me  deeply," 
&C— 1851.  Brief e,  p.  134. 

Now  and  then  the  letters  are  interspersed  with 

political   observations — Napoleon's    coup  ditat; 

i'almerston's  retreat  in  the  same  year  — 

'*  Who  is  called  a  revolutionist  and  demagogue  in  Berlin, 
St.  Petersburg,  Vienna,  Naples,  and  Athens." — Briefe, 
p.  144.  "  Austria,  Tuscany,  and  Mecklenburg,  where  cor- 
poreal punishment  is  ruling,  for  which  some  of  the  minis- 
try have  several  times  been  asking  in  our  Chamber," 
&c.  icc—Briefe,  p.  200. 

But  his  friendship  and  admiration  for  most  of 
the  best  and  noblest  of  our  present  century  is  the 
ruling  spirit  of  these  letters — Cornelius,  Bunsen 
himself,  of  course,  Colonel  Sabine,  his  own  brother 
"Wilhelm.  Bunsen  says  of  the  latter's  introduc- 
tion to  the  Kawi'Sprachc :  "  Its  researches  belong 
to  the  calculus  mhlimis  of  linguistic  theory." — 
Bn'tfc,  p.  104,  note.  Kauch,  Sir  John  Ilerschel, 
Owen  the  *'  celebrated  Arabist,"  Dr.  Lane  (Brief e, 
p. 90);  Mendelssohn;  that  excellent  and  noble- 
minded  old  gentleman  Mr.  Fairbaim  (who  visited 
Berlin  in  1849) ;  *  Arago,l)r.  Waagen,  Sir  William 

*  Mr.  Fairbaim  had  bct'.n  rccommende<l  to  Humboldt 
by  Bunsen,  thcu  ambassador  at  the  Court  of  St.  Janie:i*s, 


Hooker  (who  became  known  to  Hnmboldt 
Sir  William's  journey  to  Iceland,*  if  I  lememlMr 
right,  in  1810  or  1811) ;  Thorwaldaen,  lAtfom, 
Schelling,  Leopold  von  Buch,  Sir  David  BzewatWi 
Dr.  Whewell,  and  many  more  find  a  BpontanMU 
echo  within  his  breast  All  the  letten,  at  m 
learn  from  a  few  words  which  condiide  the 
volume  {Nachicort^  pp.  211,  212),  ax«  pnntid 
verbatinif  and  are  the  true  expression  of  waim  and 
sympathetic  friendship  which  Humboldt  oonld 
not  but  feel  for  a  man  like  Bunsen.  Thej  will 
greatly  contribute  to  a  better  nnderatandiny  of 
the  relation  in  which  these  two  stood  to  each 
other,  and  make  amends  for  many  haiah,  ndu 
and  certainly  unpremeditated  words  which  eaemi 
Humboldt's  lips  respecting  Bunsen,  and  whidi  ua 
otherwise  noble  fnend  \^uiihagen  waa  too  on^ 
ful  to  note  down.  They  are  an  excellent  minw 
of  Humboldt's  noble  and  outspoken  nature  in  all 
its  purity.  The  notes  which  accompany  Hum 
letters  are  most  careful  and  excellent.  In  one  of 
them  (Brief e,  in,  112),  the  reader  will  be  pleawd 
to  hear  Mr.  Thomas  Woolner  spoken  of  aa  the 
first  among  living  English  sculptors,  aa  the  Go^ 
man  reader,  in  particular,  is  pleased  to  know  thet 
excellent  artist  s  criticism  on  one  of  the  beet  iji 
sculptors  of  animals,  Julius  Hahnel  of  SaaDOBfi 
by  tne  same  note.  AH  these  notes,  then,  rereal  a 
most  careful  hand  and  knowledge  of  the  8abjee^ 
in  which  foresight  we  should  be  happv  to  xeoQ|^ 
nisc  that  of  Bunsen's  excellent,  noDle-mihded 
consort,  who  came  from  that  ''noble,  faithfld 
country  "  of  which  Humboldt  is  speaking  in  one 
of  his  letters  (Briefer  p.  144),  and  tiiat  of  tilt 
most  excellent  German  translator  of  her  hoaband*! 
biography,  IVofessor  Friedrich  Nippold,  the  we&- 
known  historian,  and  author  of  Church  Histoiy,  al 
Heidelberg.  IIebxahit  Kam^ 

Ncustrelitz. 

and  the  "  celebrated  man,"  the  "  creator  <^  the  gj^nalie 
tubular  bridges,"  was  received  with  the  atnou}Srid&^ 
ness  by  Humboldt  as  well  as  by  Frederick  William  IV. 
Having  had  a  long  conversation  with  M.  von  der  Hqfdt, 
the  minister  of  commerce,  the  latter  accepted  his  (fair- 
bairn's)  plans  respecting  the  building  of  bridges.  Fn- 
deri<'k  William  invited  him  to  dine  at  hb  table^  and  WM 
charmed  with  him,  as  were  all  who  came  in  contact  vlth 
him.  "  I  cannot  thank  you  enough,"  Humboldt  writOh 
"  for  having  caused  my  bei'uming  acquainted  with  this  ib' 
gularly  remarkable,  learned,  estimable,  gentle  aodmodait 
man." — Vide  Briefe,  pp.  11*2-114. 

*  Sir  William,'** one  of  the  most  admiimbleof  nun,* 
model  Christian  gentleman  "  (as  Professor  Ata  Grarcub 
him  in  a  most  eloquent  and  most  just  eulogy  inSnlmuufi 
American  Journal  of  Science  and  Art,  voE  xli.)— **Ncm» 
knew  him  but  to  love  him,  nor  named  him  but  to  praise  " 
— was  thus  united  in  close  and  intimate  ftiendahip  U> 
Humboldt  for  nearly  half  a  century.  He  undertook  Us 
tour  in  Iceland  in  the  summer  of  18*09,  and  pubUshed  tha 
*'  Journal "  of  it  in  two  vols.,  with  plates,  in  1818»  befav 
one  of  titose  rare  mortals  whose  literary  career,  one  fUl  M 
bli&4  and  interest  for  the  higher  development  of  the  ~ 
race,  stretches  over  ju.- 1  half  a  centur}'. 


4*  S.  IV.  Nov.  6,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


383 


Ci 


THE  VATICAN  LIBRARY. 

The  followinj^  extract  from  the  Rev.  J.  Dono- 
van's work,  entitled  Royjxey  Ancient  and  Modern^ 
nnd  its  £nviro?is  (4  vols.  8vo,  Home,  1846),  will, 
I   think,   be   very   acceptable   to  the  readers  ot* 

N.  &  Q.,''  especially  as  the  extract  gives  some 
valuable  particulars  connected  with  the  '*  Vatican 
Library'* — a  good  history  of  which  is  still  a 
desideratum :  — 

"  A  collection  of  works  is  suppo.sed  to  have  existed  in 
the  Latcran  Palace,  from  the  establishment  of  Chris- 
tianity under  Constantine,  and  to  have  been  transferred 
thence  to  form  the  nucleus  of  the  Vatican  Library.  It  was 
enriched  by  Pope  Zozimus  in  742  with  numerous  Greek 
and  Latin  manuscripts.  It  received  a  still  further  acces- 
sion of  MSS.  in  Mo.'J,  broutjrht  by  the  fugitive  Christians 
from  Constantinople,  after  the  fall  of  the  Eastern  Empire, 
which  occurred  in  the  pontificate  of  Nicholas  V.,  who 
not  only  purchased  the  spoils  of  the  Imperial  library  of 
the  Eastern  capital,  but  also  sent  agents  to  Greece  to 
collect  manuscripts.  Rome  had  become  the  nurse  and 
»syluni  of  Greek  literature  since  the  fourteenth  century. 
Nicholas  V.  also  collected  the  manuscripts  of  antiquity 
from  the  monasteries  of  Germany  and  Britain ;  and 
vhenever  the  originals  could  not  be  removed,  a  faithful 
copy  was  transcribed  and  transmitted  to  the  Vatican 
Library  :  hence,  in  a  reipjn  of  eight  years,  his  industry 
formed  a  library  of  5000  volumes.  The  zeal  of  Sixtus  IV. 
in  aufipnenting  the  library  is  praised  by  Ariosto,  and  also 
by  Platina,  who  was  appointed  librarian  about  1480; 
and  his  example  was  followed  by  Leo  X.,  Paul  IV., 
Pius  IV.,  Pius  v.,  and  Gregory  XIII.  A  new  apart- 
ment having  become  necessary,  to  receive  the  increased 
and  increasing  treasures,  Sixtus  V.  in  1588  employed 
Fontana  to  cut  in  two  the  Court  of  Bramante,  called  the 
Bthederty  by  a  new  range  of  building,  which  he  enriched 
with  many  valuable  works.  In  the  pontificate  of  Cle- 
ment VIII.,  in  IGOO,  the  library  acquired  the  important 
collections  of  the  famous  Fulvius  Ursinus,  followed  by 
the  valuable  collections  of  the  Benedictine  monastery  of 
Bobbio,  composed  chiefly  of  palimpsests.  The  library 
then  contained  11,IG0  MSS.,  of  which  8942  were  Latin, 
2158  Greek. 

"  Paul  V.  transferred  to  it  the  printing-office  erected 
by  Paul  IV.  under  Paulus  Manutius.  The  Palatine 
Librar)',  captured  at  Heidelberg  by  Tilly,  and  presented 
to  Gregory  XV.  in  1G21,  was  the  next  accession.  It  con- 
tained 2115  MSS.,  of  which  1984  were  Latin  and  431 
Greek. 

"Alexander  VII.,  in  1626,  added  to  it  the  library  of 
Urbino,  f(>unde<l  by  Duke  Federigo,  whose  passion  for 
b'X)k3  was  so  great  that,  at  the  taking  of  Volterra  in 
1472,  he  reserved  nothing  but  a  Hebrew  Bible  as  his  own 
share  of  the  spoil.  This  collection,  which  was  purchased 
from  the  authorities  of  I 'rhino,  enriched  the  Vatican  with 
1165  Greek  and  1701  Latin  MSS.  In  1690  the  BibUo- 
theca  Alexandrina,  the  collection  of  Queen  Christina  of 
Sweden  pa<5^(l  into  the  library  under  the  pontificate  of 
Alexander  VII 1. :  it  comprehended  all  the  treasures  taken 
by  her  father  Gu<tavus  Adolphus  at  Prague,  Wurtzburg, 
azid  Bremen,  amounting  to  2337  MSS.,  of  which  2092 
were  Latin  and  2 15  Greek.  Clement  XL,  in  the  ban- 
ning of  the  last  ccnturv,  presented  55  Greek  MSS.  to  the 
library,  collect t'd  by  his  order  in  Eg}-pt  and  Syria,  when 
he  sent  Abraham  Massad,  Andrew  Scandan,  and  the 
famous  Assemani,  to  purchase  at  any  price.  Paul  V. 
added  the  left  wini^,  and  Clement  XL  the  right.  Bene- 
dict XIV.,  in  171(»,  added  the  splendid  library  of  the 
Ottobuoni  family,  containing  3386  Latin  and  4/0  Greek 


MSS.  About  the  same  time  the  Marquis  Gapponi  be- 
queathed his  valuable  collection  of  283  MSS.  to  it. 
Pius  VII.  purchased  the  library  of  Cardinal  ZeUda  from 
his  heirs,  containing  100  MSS.  Leo  XII.  purchased  the 
works  of  antiquity  and  art  which  had  belonged  to  Count 
Cicognara ;  and  (iregory  XVI.  added  to  it  the  apartment 
Borgia^  consisting  of  ten  spacious  rooms  for  printed  books 
alone. 

**  The  last  accession  of  importance  was  that  of  162 
Greek  MSS.  from  the  convent  of  St.  Basil  at  Grotta  Fer- 
rata.  At  the  peace  of  1815,  on  the  application  of  the  late 
King  of  Prussia,  many  of  the  Heidelberg  MSS.  were  re- 
stored by  Pius  VII.  At  present  the  Vatican  Library 
contains  3686  Greek,  18,108  LaUn.  726  Hebrew,  787 
Arabic,  65  Persian,  64  Turkish,  459  Syriac,  75  Ethio- 
pian, 18  Sclavonic,  22  Indian,  10  Chinese,  80  Coptic, 
13  Armenian,  and  2  Georgian,  amounting  in  all  to 
24,111  MSS.  These,  with  25,000  duplicates  and  100,000 
printed  volumes,  make  a  total  of  149,494. 

**  The  office  of  librarian  is  one  of  the  highest  in  the 
Roman  Court,  and  is  always  occupied  by  a  cardinal, 
subordinate  to  whom  are  two  sub-librarians  and  nine 
secretaries,  who  are  employed  in  transcribing  and  pub- 
lishing accredited  MSS.  at  the  library  printing-preas." — 
Vol.  ii.  pp.  488,  &C. 

Connected  with  this  interesting  extract,  the 
query  arises :  How  far  can  Dr.  Donovan^s  state- 
ments be  trustedi  and  from  what  sources  did  he 
draw  them  P  Again :  I  should  like  to  know  if  a 
catalogue  of  the  MSS.  in  the  Vatican  Library 
has  been  published  within  this  century.  I  am 
aware  that,  in  the  last  century^  S.  E.  Assemani 
compiled  his  Vatican  Cataloffue  Q756) ;  and  an- 
other is  referred  to  by  Cardinal  Wiseman,  in  his 
HortB  8yr%ac€e  (Romae,  1828,  p.  153),  with  thit 
title,  Bibliotheca  ApostoUca  Vat,  Codd,  MSS, 
Catahgus  (tom.  i.,  Komse^  1760).  I  have  often 
heard  His  Eminence  say  that  the  MSS.  in  the 
Vatican  Library  were  almost  innumerable,  and 
stood  in  peat  need  of  being  properly  arranged 
and  classified.  We  all  know  how  much  the 
library  is  indebted  to  the  labours  of  Cardinals 
Mai  and  Mezzofanti,  and  to  the  great  interest 
taken  in  it  by  His  Holiness^  the  present  illustrious 
pontiff,  Pius  IX. 

I  regret,  however,  to  find  in  a  work  by  Dr.  S. 
P.  Tregelles,  entitled  An  Account  o/"  the  Printed 
Text  of  the  Greek  New  Testament  (London,  1854, 
p.  156),  the  learned  biblical  scholar  makes  soma 
sad  complaints  about  the  *' authorities ''  at  the 
Vatican  Library  placing  difficulties  in  his  way, 
with  respect  to  his  collating  the  ^'  Codex  Vati- 
canus  "  for  himself:  — 

**  I  went  to  Rome,"  he  says,  '*  and,  during  the  five 
months  I  was  there,  I  sought  diligently  to  obtain  per- 
mission to  collate  the  MS.  accurately,  or  at  least  to 
examine  it  in  the  places  in  which  Birch  and  Bentlej 
differ  with  r^ard  to  its  readings.  All  ended  in  disap- 
pointment I  often  saw  the  MS.,  but  I  was  hindered 
from  transcribing  any  of  its  readings,"  &c. 

Dr.  Tregelles,  however,  states  his  great  obliga- 
tions to  the  late  Cardinal  Acton  — 

*'  whose  efforts  were  unremitting  to  procure  me  aocen  to 
the  Vatican  MS.  I  must  also  speak  with  gratitude  of 
the  efforts  to  aid  my  object  on  the  part  or  the  Abbata 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4<kSbIY.Kor.t»'«i 


Francesco  Batelli  and  of  Dr.  Joseph  Nicholson,"  &c — 
P.  157. 

One  would  like  to  know  what  were  the  real 
motives  the  authorities  bad  for  not  allowing  Dr. 
Tregelles  to  collate  the  *'  Codex  Vaticanus,"  when 
at  the  same  time  permission  seems  to  have  been 
granted  to  Tischendorf,  who  went  to  Rome  before 
him  in  184:^  for  the  same  object ;  and,  in  1844, 
Edward  de  Muralt  also  obtained  permission  to 
examine  the  MS.  (See  Scrivener's  Plain  Intro- 
ducHon  to  the  Cnti'ci^m  of  the  New  Testament, 
p.  90.^ 

It  is  also  well  known  that  B.  Kennicott,  in 
preparing  materials  for  his  great  critical  Bible, 
obtained  every  assistance  and  encourapfement  from 
the  authorities  at  Home  in  the  last  century.  (See 
his  I'et.  Ti'st.f  pref.  p.  viii.)  So  also  did  the 
learned  Syriac  scholar  Adler,  as  ho  gratefully 
acknowledges  in  his  short  address  to  his  readers 
prefixed  to  the  Xovi  Testamenti  Versiones  Syriacce 
(Hafnioe,  1780).  J.  Dalton. 

St.  John*8,  Norwich. 


NOTES  ON  «  MACBETH." 
"  Stones  have  been  known  to  move." 

It  has  been  conjectured  that  Shakspero  here 
refers  to  "  some  story  in  which  the  stones  covering 
the  corpse  of  a  murdered  man  were  said  to  have 
moved  of  themselves,  and  so  revealed  the  secret.'' 
But  tliat  would  only  reveal  the  murdered  man, 
not  the  secret  murderer.  May  the  allusion  not 
be  to  the  rocking  stones,  ordeal  stones,  or  **  stones 
of  judgment,"  by  which  it  was  thought  the  Druid 
or  Scandinavian  priests  tested  the  guilt  or  inno- 
cence of  accused  persons  P  At  a  slight  touch  of 
the  innocent,  such  a  stone  moved,  but  "  the  secret 
man  of  blood  "  found  that  his  best  strength  could 
not  stir  it.  If  Shakspere  visited  Macbeth's  country 
to  naturalise  his  materials  (as  I  believe  he  did), 
he  could  not  avoid  having  his  attention  drawn  to 
several  of  these  ^'  clacha  breath."  One  was  close 
to  Glamis  Castle. 


*^Pitv,  like  a  naked  new-bom  babe. 
Striding  the  blast." 

If  not  otherwise  acquainted  with  it,  Shakspere 
would  certainly,  if  in  the  Macbeth  country,  be- 
come, in  his  study  of  local  superstitions,  informed 
of  the  belief  in  the  "  little  spectres  called  taranSy 
or  the  souls  of  unbaptised  infants,  often  seen 
flitting  among  the  woods  and  secret  places,  be- 
wailing in  soft  voices  their  hard  fate." 

*•  Come  to  my  woman's  breasts, 
And  take  my  milk  for  gall." 

Whoever  has  read  the  witch-trials  needs  only 
to  bo  reminded  how  the  greater  number  of  pro- 
fessing or  supposed  witches  were  not  only  in  the 
habit  of  being  themselves  sucked  by  devils  in 
various  forms,  but  that  they  were  able^  invisibly. 


to  deprive  their  more  human  sisters  of  thdr  natanl 
milk.  A  strong  local  witch-element  baTing  been 
always  about  her,  which  was  now  intenrified  \j  a 
kind  of  friendly  league,  and  everj  oost  hung 
scorned  by  her  in  her  ambition  to  be  queen.  Lady 
Macbeth  seems  here  to  invite  this  sickening  intar- 
ference,  dreaded  of  other  women.  "  My  milk  Ar 
gall,"  means,  I  think,  in  exchange  for  galL  She 
appears  to  say,  "  Here !,  drain  away  my  woman- 
hood, and  let  me  be  as  one  of  you,  you  murdexing 
ministers ! " 

"  Harpier  cries." 
As  their  trials  show  us,  the  most  of  the  witchet 
had  imps,  and  the  records  abound  with  cats  and 
toads  fulfilling  this  respectable  office.  Graymalka 
and  Paddock  were  the  familiars  of  the  First  and 
Second  Witches:  that  of  the  Third  was,  appa- 
rently, Ilarpier,  But  what  "  Harpier  "^  repre* 
sente'd  has  hitherto  been,  and  may  continue,  a 
puzzle.  However,  the  long-clawed  crab  ia  ealki 
on  the  east  coast  of  Scotland  '^  the  Harper  craK"* 
It  is  mentioned  in  Sir  Robert  Sibbald's  Hittmrf 
of  Fife  and  Kinross.  It  is  also  to  be  found  in 
Jamicson's  Scottish  Dictionary,  first  under  *'  Harpor 
Crab,"  and  then  under  "  Tammy  Harper,"  whiak 
is  said  to  be  '^  the  crab  called  Cancer  araneuSf  limu 
Newhaven.  This  seems  the  same  as  that  mentionedf 
by  Sir  11.  Sibbald,  Cancer  varius  Gemteri,  tha 
llarper  Crab."  It  is  barely  possible  that  tiiia 
may  be  the  gentleman  who  is  wanted.  At  aU 
events,  it  is  possible  that  in  some  of  the  Abeidean 
trials  an  amphibious  crone,  professing  or  ••• 
cused  of  witchcraft,  may  have  had  a  tame  or 
favourite  ''  Tammy  Harper "  about  her,  that 
crawled,  tiptoe,  into  the  evidence. 

"  The  insane  root  that  takes  the  reason  prisoner." 

There  have  beA  many  notes  on  this  linOi  aad 
the  prevailing  opinion  of  editors  has  been  that 
Shakspero  found  the  insane  root  in  an  old  medical 
work.  Some  interpret  "  hemlock,"  some  "  hen* 
bane,"  and  some  Solatrum  amentiale,  or  ''  deadbf 
nightshade,"  and  quotations  are  given  about  thefr 
causing  madness.  The  same  tning  is  said  of 
Solanum  maniacum  (with  regard  to  the  root  mixed 
with  wine)  in  Matthiole's  Commentaries^  1644; 
and  Salmer,  in  his  Xeio  London  Diqmuaioryf 
1076,  containing  **  the  choicest  thin^  of  tho 
eternally-renowned  Paracelsus,  the  concise  SchrcH 
der^  the  laborious  Quercetan,"  and  other  worthies^ 
says  of  deadly  nightshade^  '^  it  troubles  the  mind 
and  causeth  madness." 

Holinshed,  as  '^  the  single  authority  consulted 
by  Shakspere  for  this  as  for  all  other  plays  con- 
nected with  the  histories  of  England  and  Scot- 
land," has  been  largely  quoted  in  connection  iritll 
the  Macbeth  of  the  Clarendon  Press  Series,  and 
we  have,  in  the  course  of  the  narratiTe,  ihA 
following  :^ 


V  S.  IV.  N..V.  C,  'GS.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


"Tbo  Srols  hprtiipoii  tmik  tlio  iiiyce  of  Mckilwort 
bcrim  anil  nilxcil  tlipsnine  in  thcyr  ale  anil  brcml,  sending 
it  thus  :<ptn'il  and  cuiifcvtiunetl  in  great  abunclaucc  unto 
ttKir  rniinioa." 

lie ru  we  haro  the  note  — 

-lln'tiit  Ilti-rc  vail;)  it  Solalrim  Amentu-U,  tliat  in, 
I>pu.lly  Siehtshaile ;  nf  whivh  Gtranl.  in  hia  irirball. 
wiiiii.  'Tliis  kinduf  Siglilshade  caiuwtli  alwpe,  Irouljleth 


'in;:elh  r 


wofth 


till'  <'<lilora  adding,  "  Perhaps  fhia  is  tbe  insane 
rmjt  i  "  but  Kolinshed  Bays  notliinfr  of  a  root,  or 
thn  mckilwort'a  madJeniiig  quality;  iiespi^aks  of 
lnTrit'N  and  fliecp. 

Sliakspi-re's  main  quarry  f"r  materials  was 
IIolinnheil'B  dimiiirle,  piiblisihed  in  1.577,  nnd 
Gu'ortre  Diicbonnn's  Jien/m  Siiitityiriiai  lUttoria 
(on  whiph  he  had  been  onpairpd  for  about  twenty 
years)  was  puhlisbed  in  VM-l.  Writinfr  a  work 
ban>d  on  Scotlisli  history  and  Ipgend,  Khakspere 
would  naturally,  I  think,  tind  out  what  the  Scot- 
tilth  bistiirinn  litis  raid  upon  tbe  subject. 

Buchaann,  at  the  ?tixae.  point  at  whicli  Ilolin- 
«bed  has  just  boen  quoteif,  says  (I  here  use  an 
edition  of  thp  translation,  London,  YllV-i)  : — 

"That'  gift  was  arccntablc  In  Ihn  Morwegians  not  w 
miirh  nn  tlir  ai-c'[>ant  nt  Ihc  Rrot^'  Butintv,  nr  their  own 
I'lTury,  an  that  tliof  thought  it  wan  a  niKn  thi>ir  spirit 9 
wi^rp  <Miweil,  nnitfl  Kpent  and  broken.  Wlivreiipoii  >  great 
iloal  of  llrea.1  and  Wine  was  Mnt  them.  I.nih  Wino 
lire  -"•■.1  i,ul  of  the  Krai'e,  and  also  strong  Drinh  maile  nf 
Kill  1.n-  Jliai.  niixi'rl  with  thr  juiro  'of  a  pnv.sonous  Herb, 
nl..iii.tan.T  uf  ivhiili  gums  in  Hr.TiUml,' call  oil  Sleepv 
?;iglu>lia(le.     The  slalk  of  it  is  above  two  foot  long." 

Here  Uiere  is  jjiren  a  partieulai  description, 
concluding'  thus:— 
_  '■  Tlie  vertue  of  the  Fruit,  Rant,  and  wpMially  of  Ihc 


takiTi  i 

loo  great  -i 

nntilic 

«.      Duncan    knowing  that 

lof  tbo  poli. 

iwuul 

roMhtolhcirveryvilala. 

in  great  silence  odmittod 

Ma.'h.'[| 

liiichanan's  own  words  are  — 

"  Vnigo  8nlanum  SoinniftTiim  vocanl.  .  ,  Via  fnictui, 
TiAM,  ti  birgius  aumantur,  agat."  * 


Wnll  Slon 


nt.  Grc. 


All 


s  Pabk  Patob. 


BYROX  AM)  HIS  MKMOIIiS. 

The  cnclusixl  extract,  from  an  all  but  forgotten  Note 
I[<,„k,  is  placed  at  the  di»]>.i-al  of  tJit  F.ditor  of'S.  &  Q." 
by  An  old  iRisn  Labt. 

"  January,  1891, 

"  I  met  Colonel last  night  at  Lady  Mor- 

f;an'4.     He  is  remarkable  as  the  author  of  the 
letters  sijnied    ,  which  appeared  on   the 


<    po«ible  that 


"f  the  ertitii 


if  Shak.spere,  but  I  Ivave  not  ob- 


i  refusal  of  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Westmin- 
ster to  allow  all  that  was  mortal  of  Byron  to  lie 
I  amonjrst  ^England's  most  honoured  dead,  lie  is 
I  an  eothusiastic  admirer  of  Byron;  and  the  general 
iiipeclation  excited  that  the  aext  TOlume  of 
I  Moore's  Memuirt  would  throw  much  light  on  the 
I  mystery  in  which  Byron's  life  was  involved 
'  caused  the  conversation  to  turn  on  the  destruction 
of  the  original  papers.  Colonel  — —  bein(;  the 
friend  and  the  correspondent  of  Sirs.  Leigh,  as 
well  as  a  voluntary  champion  of  Byron,  his  state- 
ment is  of  course  most  interesting,  and  I  will 
repeat  it  as  nearly  as  possible  in  his  words ;  — 

"  '  Immediately  after  the  death  of  Byron,  Hob- 
house,  Kinnaird,  Murray,  and  I  believe  Moore, 
waited  on  Mis.  Lei^b,  and  informed  her  there 
were  orig'inal  memoirs  of  Byron  in  the  pOBSeBBion 
of  Moore,  given  to  him  to  be  published  at  hia 
death  ;  but  they  considered  them  so  likely  to 
wound  the  feelings  of  Lady  Byron,  so  certain  to 
injure  bis  memory,  that  they  had  resolved  to  ask 
Mrs,  Leigh's  permission  to  destroy  them.  Mis. 
Leigh's  reply  was :  "  J  have  never  seen  the 
Memoirs;  what  passed  between  Mr.  Moore  and 
Byron  on  the  subject  ia  known  to  Mr.  M.  only. 
I  am  in  perfect  ignorance  of  everything  relating 
to  those  Memoirs.    If  he  wished  them  to  be  made 

tublic,  I  wish  it  also  ;  but  he  hnd,  I  know,  a 
eadloDg  way  of  committing  his  thoughts  and 
feelings  to  paper,  and-  if  you,  his  friends  for  mi- 
teen  years,  and  the  persons  whom  he  has  ebosen 
as  executors,  if  you  think  the  publication  likely 
^  be  injurious  to  his  memory  or  punCul  to  Lady 
Byron,  I  will  not  prevent  the  destruction  of  th« 
^lemoirs,  I  commit  his  memorr  and  his  fam* 
with  posterity  to  your  guardianship,"  Kinnaird 
and  Hobhouse  repeated  their  opinion,  that  it 
would  he  ruinous  to  Byron's  character  to  publish 
the  Memoirs — they  were  burnt  ....  In  two  or 
three  years  after,  Moore  called  on  Mrs.  Leigh, 
told  her  of  his  intention  to  write  a  Life  of  Byron, 
and  requested  her  assistance.  She  replied :  "  Hr. 
Moore,  we  must  understand  each  otner  at  once. 
You  were  the  depositary  of  my  brother's  con-> 
fidence — of  his  Memoirs.  Either  those  were  fit 
to  be  published,  or  they  were  not;  if  not,  thej 
were  unfit  to  be  read.  They  should  not  have 
been  read  to  the  coterie  at  Holland  House,  to  fa* 
Lady  Jersey  and  Lady  Bu^hersh,  and 
allowed  to  he  copied  by  Brougham  and 
and  others  of  your  friends.  After  hia 
death  these  Memoirs,  which  he  gave  to  you  to  b* 
publiihed,  were  destroyed  by  you  as  unlit  to  meet 
tbe  public  eye  to  which  you  had  already  eo  far 
exposed  them,  to  make  yourself  valued.  Such 
seems'  to  have  been  the  object  of  your  conduct 
from  first  to  last — your  friend's  wianes  and  fam* 
being  alike  sacrificed  to  yonr  individnal  TaoitT. 
I  must,  therefore,  decline  holding  any  commn^ 
cation  with  job."    So  Monro  went  to  work  alone. 


Msaagea  a 
Denman  a 


386 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4<kS.ir.  Not.*,-!! 


TTpon  the  publication  of  his  first  volume,  Lady 
Bjron  wrote  a  letter  in  defence,  nominally  of  her 
pftrents,  which  her  friend  Campbell  followed  up 
by  a  most  violent  attack  upon  Moore,  %nth  both 
of  which  everjone  is  acquainted.  Ho,  Moore, 
wee  advised  not  to  repl;,  but  to  allow  Bvrou'B- 
letters  in  his  possession  to  answer  Lady  Byion. 
In  the  next  volume  will  appear  a  letter  of  Lord 
Byron's,  which  seems  as  if  he  had  risen  from  the 
grave  to  answer  Lady  B.  To  it  Mooro  has  ap- 
pended, whilst  this  iiaa  been  preparing  foi  tht 
press,  Lady  Byron's  letter,  of  which  a  copy  wil] 
oe  found  in  the  appendix.' 

"  Of  this  volume,  iin.  Leigh  says  to  me  in  a 
letter  received  yesterday :  '  I  have  read  the  forth- 
coming volume  of  Moore,  and  am  delighted  with 
it  Doubtless  there  are  many  things  which  as  a 
female  I  wish  had  not  been  published,  as  poot- 
B.'s  sister  1  wish  had  never  occurred ;  but  hiti 
sad  fete  brought  a  habit  of  irregularitieB  which 
Ms  nature  never  prompted :  but  of  the  book,  I 
must  say,  I  did  not  think  it  possible  that  any  one 
could  have  so  faithfuUr  depicted  him  in  mind  and 
character  but  myself.' '' 


"  Aa  on  the  Rheae  (when  wlntan  fraedngecld 


«) 


Olossabies. 

Falmiiu.    '•  And  thua  do  ne  of  visdam  and  of  reach. 

With  Hi'iutfuiKi  and  Kitb  aiuyt  of  biu, 

By  indirections  iind  directions  out." 

Hamlet,  Act  'i,  Sctnt  1.     Ed.  Dyce. 

The  word  vrmdlace  [windlesse  1623]  ia  described 
^ther8TiBwer*«s"a  somewhat  rare  and  curious 
coe."  He  thus  proceeds — "  But  so  far  as  we  are 
aware,  it  has  never  yet  been  noticed  by  any 
Shskspoariui  critic  or  commentator;"  and  he  is 
pleased  to  extend  the  cenaure  to  "  our  best  lexi- 
cographers." I  must  therefore  come  to  the  con-- 
elusion  that  he  has  never  consulted  the  Glo»»ary 
of  the  TOT.  fiobert  Nares,  or  the  Supplemntt  to 
Johnson  by  George  Mason— or  else,  that  Narea 
was  no  Shakapere  critic,  and  that  Mason  waa  a 
worthless  lexiconapher.  The  latter  decision  I 
entirely  reject.  I  rttum  to  Kares.  It  should  bo 
the  object  of  a  glossarist  to  explain  briefly  the 
sense  of  obscure  word-i,  and  not  to  increase  the 
obscurity  by  etymologic  fligbtn.  This  Narea  baa 
done,  tie  explains  the  word  uindlacc,  in  its  me- 
taphoric  sense,  as  art  nnd  coatriiaiiiv,  tublletict. 
Of  loindlace  as  a  winding,  and  of  windlasa,  a  nau-  I 
tical  engine,  Ike  reviewer  aaya,  "  uo  doubt  the 
word  in  bo^  cases  is  radicaUy  the  same."  The  ! 
phrase  is  equivocal,  and  I  must  therefore  pass  it 
over.  It  seams  to  me  probable  that  wittdelaie,  as 
used  by  Furefax  towards  the  close  of  the  six-  . 
teenth  century,  is  the  earlier  word,  I  quote  the  I 
lines  in  which  it  occurs,  as  the  volume  is  not  very  | 


Tlic  beaviea  bire  of  ihephaardi  dughtan  be     . 

With  wanton  leindctaia  luant,  tiinis,pUy  andpM;  " 
What  we  now  call  a  windlass  is  printed  nnhKi 
and  fcindat  in  the  Sea  Grammar  of  captain  Bnuth, 
1027.  Mr.  Fox  Talbot  also  haa  vynJat,  but  h» 
does  not  give  any  reference  to  his  KUtLoiitr.  Ka 
doubt  the  reviewer  was  justified  in  pointing  out 
the  word  as  one  which  required  •/'  '  ''  *"' 
I  prefer  that  of  Kares  to  the  string  of  qi 
□ima  invented  by  the  reviewer  ^d  latlm  o^sn- 
tfltiously  produced.  Boltox  Coanr. 

Barac^  S.\V.  30  Oct. 

Lord  Byrou  asd  his  DAcaimiB.  —  Daring  a 
recent  visit  to  Hucknall  church  I  took  th«  o^t^ 
tunity  of  cop^pi'^g 'he  ioscriptionspUced  above Oa 
vault  containing  the  remains  of  Lord  Bjion  lad 
his  daughter  the  Countess  of  Lovelaoe.  Uit 
which  appeareon  the  tablet  erected  to  tbenuanj 
of  the  former  b^  his  sister,  tke  Hon.  A.ngMla 
Leigh,  whose  bithertc  unblemishAd  npntetigi 
has  txKn  so  cruelly  calumniated,  is  already  unilMr 
to  the  public  ;  but  the  latter  being  leas  ao  wil^  I 
think,  prove  of  sufficient  interest  to  the  nadan 
of  "  N.  k  Q."  to  deserve  a  record  in  jtmt  pagM. 
It  is  as  follows :  — 

la  the  Byron  Vanlt  hdo* 

Aupista  Ads, 

only  daughter  of 

Geon^e  Gordon  yod, 

60-  Lord  Byron, 

and  wife  of 

Williarn  Karl  of  Lovelace. 

BoralO'i'orDec.lHIh. 

Died  27"' of  Sov.  1852. 

R.  I.  P. 

I  confess  I  was  deeply  impiessed  OH  raa^if 

this  simple  and  yet  expressive  flpitftpll,  ainnt 

whatever   may  have  been  tbe  feelings  of  I^df 

Byron  respecting  her  husband — it  is  eridant  tba 

daughter  cherished  a  warm  regard  for  her  fattn^ 

memory  by  deairing  that  her  renwns  migbt  ht 

placed  in  the  same  vault  with  his,  thus  ginng  U 


bad  not  been  made  in 


s  Pbefixbd  to  Sib  Thoxab  OrxRBiiBT'i 


accesnble : — 


*  Edmlmrgh  Rtn 


),  Oct.  186tl, 


"R.  Ca."  is  prefixed  to  the  edition  of  Sir  T    

Overhury's  poem  called  "The  Wife,"  which  i^ 
jieared  in  1610.  This  signature,  which  waa  no 
doubt  adopted  to  show  that  the  lines  wei«  hr  • 
liifTerent  hand  from  "  R.  C,"  the  author  of  K 
j  aecnnd  prefatory  poem  to  the  same  work,  Oil-' 
cbrist  supposed  to  be  that  of  Richard  Carew  ths 
I  nutbor  of  the  Siirve!/  of  ComtDail;  and  this  eoa- 
I  jeeture  has.  I  believe,  been  adopted  hj  succ 
I  cditois.     There  is,  however,  no  iatemal  — 


).  IV.  Kov.  6,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


387 


tci  support  tbia  aunnise,  wlicb  probably  wai  only 
sui;Kest«d  by  the  circumattinca  that  Carew  wsa  a 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  Gilchrist  was  mis- 
taktrn  in  his  supposition,  and  that  the  verses  neie 
in  reality  written  by  lUcliard  Capell,  of  whom  I 
r>'ad  in  Samuel  Clarlte'e  Collection  of  the  Lives  of 
Tvit  Eminent  Dii>inf$,  1062,  that  "he  continued 
an  attendant  at  court  till  the  death  of  Sir  Thomas 
Ovfrbury,  that  learned  knight  and  his  Tery  good 
frii'Dd  ;  and  then  be  bad  adieu  to  that  course  of 
life''  (p.  249.)  W.  P.  ConKTifBT. 

"  NuLLUS." — Onn  or  two  queslioas  relating  to 
the  use  of  the  Latin  word  nidlua  have  been  sug- 
gested to  rae  by  the  following  pMSHge  of  Cicero  : 


1  tab 


n  ulUu! 


i  commodi  dui^it;  facile  egcatalem  eaam  se  Uturuin 
fnilnt.  »i  bac  indiinia  susplciono  et  ticto  crimini!  liberatus 
Ml." — OrathpTV  SeT.  Rokio  Ameriaa,  cap.  jMv.  eect.  128. 

Tho  general  senso  Is  clear :  it  is  thus  given  in 
Yonge's  translation: — 

ttf^tA  to  any  pecnaiary  idiintage ;  he  tfaiDka  ba  can 
«a.<<il.v  endure  his  poitny,  if  he  it  reteawd  from  this  un- 
worthy mipicioii,  from  this  false  accusation." 

But  the  construction  of  the  second  clause  of 
0  manifest.     1  sssume  that 
Hmply  equivalent  to  nuUius,  being 
ir  it  because  the  previous  clause  began 
napbora. 


I  Rhtxe  to  "  Neithbe." — In  addition  to  the 
.  several  sounds  oi  neither  already  gives  (4"'  S.  iii. 
503,  4<»  S.  iv.  4G),  I  find  the  foUowuig  rhyme  in 
Walton  and  Cotton's  Complete  Angler,  London, 
1836,  edited  by  Professor  Rennie : — 

"I  have  wlih'd  all;  but  now  I  wiah.  forneither. 
Great,  high,  rich,  wise,  nor  fair— poor  I'll  be  rather," 
which  I  extract  from 

"A  farewell  to  the  vanities  of  the  world,  and  wmo  My 
written  by  Sir  Harry  Wotton,  who,  I  told  you,  wu  aa 
Encellent  angler."— Pp.  216, 217, 
thinking  it  might  prove  an  agreeable  illustration 
of  the  vncertaitay  of  the  pronunciatioD. 

J.  Beale. 

SmauLiR  Tbit:  "Botsahu  Gism," — I  have 
a  notion  that  were  this  question  asked — Does  the 
!Kble  contain  a  sentence  in  which  is,  "  boys  and 
girls  playing  "  P  moat  people  would  beaitafo  before 
answering.  It  so  happened,  however,  that  between 
ten  and  fifteen  years  ago  I  beard  a  Sunday-school 
sermon  preached  in  Trinity  Church,  on  the  London 
Road,  Derby,  from  this  text: — 

"  And  the  elieeta  of  the  city  aball  be  fall  of  hoya  and 
girli  playing  In  the  street*  thereof." — Ztdtariah,  viiL  5, 

the  occasion  being  appropriate,    and    the    text 
unique.  '  " 


substituted  for  it 


le  the  previous  cla« 
viilh  non,  according  to  the  figure  called  a 
Tivo  constructions  seem  possible : 


1.  Non  nttiut  may  he  the  genitive  of  price  after 
diiril.  Hut  nuUiux  nsuallj  stands  for  neminii : 
would  Cicero  use  it  for  niMi?  For  an  instance  in 
verse,  see  Horace,  Are  Paetica,  v.  324. 

2.  NoA  it/lius  maybe  used  in  the  sense  of  non 
oniniVio,and  agree  with  sui cammodi.  In  this  way 
we  retain  the  ordinary  force  of  the  phrase  rationem 
alifu/ui  diiea-c^"  to  take  anything  into  account, 
to  consider  its  advantage."  But  to  what  extent 
is  this  use  of  iiiilliis  allowable  in  the  oblique  cases  f 
Of  the  nominative  we  have  an  example  in  tbia 
very  passage  a  few  lines  above : — 

'■  Iln'c  bona  in  tabutas  publicas  nulla  rcdientnt." 
So  also  in  tho  EpiKilcs  to  Attiaii,  lib.  xi.  ep.  24: 

>n  mndo  nullua  vcnit,  led  ne  per  literal 


.,  for  "  I 


quid»m  au(  per  nuntium  me  certiorei 

We  might  say  niilliii  amopalt 
do  not  love  my  father  at  all " ;  but  could 
nullum  (iiiio  patri-m  vifumt  Possibly  nui/us  tm 
au.iilii  ii/fu  is  pind  Latin ;  but  surely  niiUias  tut 
muilii rji'ii  would  sound  strange.        J.  C.  Kttst, 

Oarriaoe.— This  word  forms  another  instance 
of  divergence  from  the  original  meaning.  It 
once  meant  "  what  men  carry  "  : — "And  David 
left  his  carriage  in  the  hands  of  the  keeper  of  the 
carriage."  (1  Sam.  xvii.  22.)  It  now  meana 
"  what  carries  men.''  Hic  ET  UBIQDB. 


J.  Bbaib. 

Majob  AiTDRfi's  Letiek  to  Washihstor,  — 
Can  any  of  your  readera  inform  me  of  what  it 
known,  or  suppoaed  to  have  becoiiia  of  the  ori- 
ginal of  Major  Andre's  celebrated  letter  to  Waab- 
ington,  written  ahortly  before  his  execution,  and 
requesting  to  be  permitted  at  leaat  to  die  a 
Boldier'a  death  P  E.  T.  V. 

Airoimocs. — Who  b  author  of  Saul,  a  Dra- 
matic Skelc/i;  Jotephine  to  Ifapoleon,  rmd  other 
Poemt,  1844,  Eimpton,  London  P  From  the 
au^or's  preface,  the  contents  of  tbe  volume  seem 
to  have  been  partly  written  many  years  before. 
B,  Inolib. 

ArnipBORAEiim  TOUHD  in  SPBUienELD 
Chubch. — It  may  interest  your  readers  to  know 
that  a  very  interesting  US.  service-book  was  dis- 
covered  in  Springfield  church,  neu  Chelmafordf 
during  the  recent  restoration.  It  is  an  antipho- 
narium  according  to  the  Sarum  use,  in  which 
evervthing  to  be  sung  has  ita  musical  notation. 
Mr.  ^enry  Bradshaw,  librarian  to  the  University 
Library,  Cambridge,  carefully  cleanedand  arranged 
the  whole.  He  says  it  is  the  most  perfect  he  bM 
ever  seen,  and  that  there  is  only  one  in  the  whole 
collection  at  Cambridge.  It  contuna  the  Prcpritun 
de  tempore  (the  Sunday  portion  from  Advent  Sun- 
day to  the  last  Sunday  after  Trinity),  the  Ealen- 
dar.  Psalter,  Canticles,  and  Litany,  the  Pr<vri»M 
de  tantHe  (the  services  to  be  used  on  auntfl^  daya 
from  St  Andrew's  dfty  to  the  end  of  Noremhei), 


KOTES  AND  QUERIEa 


[^8.1T.Sar.«m 


mni  (or  thoaa  portioas 
j-  be  used  genorally  on 
wiy  BBint  B  day).  BcsideB  the  service  of  St.  Thomw 
of  Canterbury's  day  (Dec.  '2U\,  cut  out  proba- 
bly in  the  reiga  of  Henry  VIII,,  only  one  quire 
(contwning  part  of  tlio  Cummuiit  *anctorum)  is 
ftbaent.  Mt.  llraddbair  conaiders  tlie  date  to  be 
drcu  1300.  It  wa*  in  use  in  1421,  for  between 
the  lines  of  tlie  kulondar  entrica  have  been  made 
referriiip  to  the  di'itlh  of  certain  niumbcra  of  fami- 
lies living  at  Sprinfrfield,  aa  Dahs,  I'rentice  Ard- 
Icys,  Ilishopp,  and  Pesc.  It  waa  probably  bidden 
by  Alexander  Uute  and  ThoniiLa  Marsliall,  rectors 
of  tlie  two  portions  of  the  parish  in  I-O-IO,  as  Ed- 
ward VI.  ordi^red  that  "all  antiplionera,  miasala, 
and    manuals   shuuld    be    sboliahed    and    eztiu- 


and  evening  prayer  (with  tlie  dn3-  bourn)  in  the 
middle  ages  was  cv>Litnintd  in  the  autiuhonale  (or 
antiphomirium)  and  the  legenda,  the  latter  coa- 
twning  the  lessons  (either  for  aeripture  or  the 
fathers)  whieh  foUowKd  the  Psalms  at  matins.  ■ 
"When  the  antiphonale  and  legenda  were  com- 
Uned  into  one  volume,  and  the  niuficat  nota- 
tion omitted,  the  volume  fornied  the  I'uiiifunum 
or  portens,  and  abroad  the  Jirru'mriiim. 

I  ^all  be  g)ad  to  heat  of  ancient  examples 
known  to  your  correHpoudeDtD.  I  hare  a  flue 
antinhonarinni  (abnut  tho  size  of  the  black-letter 
edition  of  Fox'*  Martyrij,  but  which  only  eon- 
tains  a  portioh  of  the  ^pnngfield  volume,  it  being  . 
customary  in  the  fifteenth  century  to  bind  them  ! 
into  several  volumes.  I  have  also  the  Part  i 
.Zfy«»i<i/)iiofa£<y/rarf<i  containing  Advent  to  Satur-  i 
day  in  Whitsun  Week,  followed  iis  usual  by  Dedi-  : 
catio  Eccl'.  So  far  Ik  temjion;  then  Proprium 
taniioriim  from  St,  Andrew  to  St.  Samnbas,  wiih  | 
appendix  of  Saturdays  after  Epiphany,  St.  Iirna-  I 
tiuB,  Coiumemoration  of  St.  Dominic  in  the  Kpi-  ' 
phanyaeaaon  ;  and  lastly,  in  a  slightly  later  hand, 
the  lessons  for  HL  Thomas  Aquinas — all  these 
form  the  Pars  Jli/emalis. 

JoHs  PiuGOT,  Jux.,  F.S.A.    I 

The  Elms,  Ultiiig,  Slalclun. 

Bolton  Ahbbt. — A  few  days  ago  1  paid  a  visit  I 
to  Bolton  Abbey,  perhaps  the  most  picturesque  in  ! 
ptnnt  of  situatiun  of  any  EngliBh  ruin.  The  first  | 
object  which  meets  the  eye  is  the  beautiful  tower, 
commenced  by  Uichard  Moono  in  11)20,  the  last 

C'or  of  Bolton,  going  up  to  a  height  of  fifty- 
ir  feet.  Had  it  been  permitted  him  to  have 
executed  hia  originnl  design  its  altitude  would 
have  been,  it  is  conjectured,  ]0i'  feet,  equalling  i 
almost  the  graceful  tower  at  Fountains  Abbey. 
The  dnyN  of  m<>nachi<im  in  England  were  how- 
ever numbered,  and  Richard  Moone  never  carried  : 

Has  any  meaning  ever  been  assigned  to  the  j 
dogB   carvcil   in   slone   on   the  buttresses  of  the  | 


tower  ?  and  whom  is  a  at 
gown,  with  a  short  staff  ii 
repre«..ntP 

The  nave  of  the  church,  irliiGh  1im  slwayi 

since  the  Keformation  been  uaed  far  ^tiiib  mt- 

■    "  "    t  visit  in  1886 1     " 


I8S  undeigoot 
pit  bad  bwB 


pewi  and  pulpit 
swept  away,  and  the  floor  paTsa  with  fiiFii"^iB 
tiles,  the  walls  too  and  pillnn  divested  of  thdr 
coatings  of  whitewash  and  pluster.  I  nussid, 
however,  on  old  object  of  interest — th«sltar~fisM 
copied  from  the  original  painting  in  the  dwpd  of 
Mngdak'D  College,  Uxford — our  Savionr  beiiii| 
his  cross.  This  bad  been  moved  to  ■  melie  oa 
the  south-west  side  close  to  the  roof,  md  nuafat 
very  easily  have  escaped  notice  had  not  Ae  ffUds 
pointed  it'out.  Jobs  Pickxobi^  &A. 

liolton  Percy,  near  Tsdcarter. 

Biron's  Meitoies.  — The  Countesa  Qidcdi^ 
speaking  of  the  destruction  of  theee  iuemoin|jni 
{Lurd  IltjiOH  jugi  par  lot  l4moutt  de  ta  w,  Phm 
1808,  ii.  a74):  — 

"Qimnt  !t  leur  DioraliU,  je  ma  contenterai  dectlKla 
"  ine  noble  dims,  Udy  B 


IbeU. 


this  Lady  B  .  .  .  F  f  Can  it  ha  I^dy 
though  neither  of  her  haabands  wii, 
er  an  ambassador,  and  her  dftu^htM 
jp-daughters  P  And  what  became  of 
this  copy  of  Bi-ron's  memoirs  that  Lady  B  .  .  . . 
is  said  to  have  made  P  • 

Again,  the  Countess  Guiccioli  oaserts  at  kut 
three  tinin  (Preface,  p.  zlix.  voL  ii.  pp.  37^  68!) 
that  Lord  Byron,  during  the  lost  year  of  lua  lih 
whilst  in  the  Ionian  Islands  and  in  Greece,  addtd 
five  cantos  to  Don  Jmou,  and  kept  a  Teif  hiU 
diary ;  and  that  these  five  cantos  were  after  hi> 
dentb  destroyed  in  England,  Moore  beinK  privf 
to,  or  aware  of,  their  destruction ;  whilst  tbediaty 
was  destroyed  in  Greece  by  some  powerful  p«*- 
Hon  there,  because  he  was  unfavourably  epokcai  of 

Is  this  the  first  mention  that  has  ever  bees 
made  of  these  five  cantos  of  Don  Jutm  and  of  thi* 
diary  ?  The  countess  savs  (Preface,  p.  iJji,)  tbat 
tlioiigli  knowing  well  tliey  had  been  written, 
Moore  stales  Lord  Byron  wrote  nothing  whilst  ill 


4*  8.  IV.  Not.  6,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


389 


ces  chants  ae  continuait  en  Angleterre  et  se  terminait 
en  Grece.  Les  lieux  de  la  scfene  rendaient  ces  derniers 
chants  les  plus  int^ressants,  et  ceux  qui  expliquaient  et 
justifiaient  une  foule  de  choses.  lis  furent  apport^  avec 
les  papiers  de  lord  Byron  en  Angleterre.  L4  Us  furent 
probablement  trouv^s  trop  peu  respectueux  pour  I'An- 
gleterre  dont  ils  etaient  la  satire,  et  trop  francs  k  IVgard 
de  quelques  personnagcs  vivants,  et  on  a  cru  sans  doute 
faire  acte  de  i)atriotisme  en  les  d^truisant.  Ainsi  le  monde 
en  a  dte  prive." 

The  charge  of  incest  was  evidently  well  known 
to  the  Countess  Guiccioli,  for  (i.  369),  after  citing 
a  stanza  of  a  poem  to  Augusta,  she  goes  on  to 
say:-— 

"  Cette  profonde  affection  fraternelle  prit  menie  parfois, 
sous  sa  plume  energique  et  par  euite  de  circonstances  ex- 
ceptionnelles,  une  nuance  presque  trop  passionnde,  qui 
n'e'chappa  pas  a  la  malignitc  de  ses  ennemis." 

F.  Chance. 

Cambridge, 

Coin  of  James  II. — Can  any  of  the  readers  of 
*'  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  what  the  following  coin 
iflp — Obverse:  head  and  bust  of  a  man  (laureated, 
I  think ),  with  the  legend  "  I  (or  j  )acobvs  .11.  bex." 
Reverse :  a  large  crown  with  the  figures  .  x  .  xil . 
underneath,  and  the  letter  .  s  .  beneath  them.  It 
is  brass,  about  the  size  of  the  present  bronze 
farthing,  but  more  than  double  the  thickness. 

De  Mobavia. 

The  Couragh. — A  holy  well  on  the  lands  of 
Toglier,  about  six  miles  from  D  unman  way,  in  the 
CO.  Cork,  is  named  locally  ''  The  Couragh."  The 
same  name  is  given  to  it  on  the  Ordnance  map. 
Stations  are  still  held  at  it:  that  is,  persons  afflicted 
with  sore  or  weak  eyes  walk  round  it,  stopping  to 
kiss  certain  stones  at  the  sides  of  the  well,  and 
saying  so  many  *'  Paters"  and  *' Aves."  What  is 
the  meaning  of  this  word  Couragh  ?       E.  M.  B. 

Decretals  of  Isidore.  —  Can  any  of  your 
readers  inform  me  where  the  best  account  is  to  be 
found  of  what  are  by  some  writers  called  the 
"  False  Decretals  of  Isidore,"  first  printed  in  the 
fifteenth  century,  and  now  quoted  in  defence  of 
the  supremacy  of  Kome.  Johannes. 

Queen  Elizabeth  and  Freemasonry. — In 
;Mr.  John  Yarker's  recent  pamphlet,  Notes  on  the 
Temple  and  Hospital  of  St.  John  (p.  II),  he  repro- 
duces the  statement — so  frequently  made  ifa  the 
majority  of  books  on  Freemasonry — that  Queen 
Elizabeth  sent  Sir  Thomas  Sackville  to  York  in 
1501  to  break  up  the  general  assembly  of  Free- 
masons there. 

If  this  is  an  historical  fact,  it  appears  more  than 
probable  that  there  will  be  mention  of  the  matter 
in  some  history,  record,  or  book  of  the  time ;  but 
careful  searcli  has  hitherto  failed  to  trace  any 
authority,  other  than  masonic,  for  the  alleged 
occurrence.  Still,  it  is  by  no  means  assumed  that 
the  inquiry  has  been  exhaustive,  as  no  one  can  be 
supposed  to  have  ransacked  every  work  of  the 


period,  and  it  is  in  the  hope  of  eliciting  from  some 
correspondent  of  "  N.  &  Q."  a  reference  for  the 
fact,  if  fact  it  be,  that  this  query  is  submitted  by 

Philalethes. 

"  Entomology.''— A  book  entitled  Entomology 
was  published  in  1859,  written  by  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
W.  and  Lady  M.  Who  are  the  ladies  indicated 
by  these  initials  P  R.  iKeus. 

Dr.  Fowke. — Joseph  Fowke,  the  '*  dear  friend  " 
of  Dr.  Johnson  and  the  bitter  enemy  of  Warren 
Hastings,  has  been  already  noticed  in  these  pages. 
Our  family  tradition  makes  him  the  grandson  of 
Dr.  Fowke,  a  physician  who  was  murdered  in 
Cork  in  the  Irish  Rebellion  (1689  ?),  and  whose 
son,  at  that  time  twelve  years  of  age,  escaped, 
worked  his  passage  to  India,  and  having  received 
a  good  education,  quickly  established  a  position 
there.  I  am  certain  that  mention  of  the  phy- 
sician's murder  is  made  in  some  work  on  Ireland, 
but  I  have  as  yet  been  unable  to  find  the  incident. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  this  or  anyother 
information  relative  to  the  family  ?         F.  K.  F. 

Father  John  Gerard,  S.J. — ^In  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Oliver's  Collections  towards  lUustrating  the  Biogra- 
phy of  the  Scotch,  Englishy  and  Irish  Members  of 
the  Society  of  Jesus,  London  1845,  at  p.  103  the 
following  passage  occurs : — 

"  We  have  also  in  MS.  a  detailed  account  of  the  gun- 
powder plot  in  English,  a  folio  of  170  leaves.  The  sreater 
part  of  the  treatise  as  translated  into  Italian  by  F.  Oswald 
Tesimond  was  used  by  Bartoli.  The  original  is  at  Stony- 
hurst." 

Curiously  enough  Dr.  Oliver  neglects  to  men- 
tion the  work  of  Bartoli  in  which  he  has  used 
the  MS.  of  Gerard.  Is  it  known  or  not  ?  Has  the 
entire  MS.  ever  been  printed  in  English,  and  by 
whom  and  when  P  I  am  aware  portions  of  it  have 
appeared  in  some  of  Dr.  Oliver's  writings. 

George  Montoomert. 

Brixton. 

Hatton  Family.  —  Will  any  or  your  corre- 
spondents kindly  inform  me  whether  there  is  any 
other  evidence  of  the  connection  of  the  Hattons 
of  Hatton  in  Cheshire  (from  whom  descended  Sir 
Christopher  Hatton,  K.G.)  with  the  Fitz-Nigels, 
Barons  of  Halton,  than  that  referred  to  by  Dr. 
Ormerod  in  his  great  History  of  Cheshire  f  There 
can  be  little  doubt  that  Nigel,  Viscount  of  Con- 
stantine,  was  a  very  near  relation  of  Ivo,  sub- 
sequently Vice-Count  of  the  same  place.  Ivo  is 
said  to  have  been  the  father  (by  his  wife,  a 
daughter  of  the  Count  of  Britagne)  of  six  sons, 
who  came  in  with  the  Conquest,  and  from  whom 
descended  the  Fitz-Nigels  of  Halton,  Duttons  of 
Dutton,  Hattons  of  Hatton,  Stockports  of  Stock- 
port, Haselwalls  of  Haselwall,  and  one  son,  being 
a  priest  and  Lord  of  Shrigley,  all  in  the  county 
of^  Chester.    A  pedigree  in  my  possessioii  shows 


390 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


[4«kS.IY.  NoT.i^in. 


the  descent  of  the  Uattons  through  the  Britagnes 
and  Nonnandys,  from  Hollo,  the  first  duke. 

Nigel  of  Halton  was  always  allowed  to  have 
been  the  cousin  of  Hup:h  Lupus,  Palatine  Earl  of 
Chester,  and  of  William  the  Conqueror.  The 
estates  of  the  Hattons  were  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Halton,  and  that  family  was  closely  connected, 
by  marriage  and  otherwise,  with  the  Duttons,  and 
their  coat  (with  the  exception  of  the  chevron)  is 
precisely  that  of  Handle  Blundeville,  the  last  Earl 
Palatine.  T.  Helsby. 

Lincoln's  Inn. 

Marchand  and  Milbournb  Families.  —  In 
MS.  No.  662,  Gonvile  and  Caius  ColL  Lib.  Cam- 
bridge, is  a  tricking  of  the  arms  of  Marchand  of 
Buckinghamshire:  Sa.  a  bend  cotised  between 
two  gnffins  segreant  or,  quarterly  with  those  of 
Milboume,  Gules  a  chevron  between  three  escal- 
lops argent  Any  information  respecting  the  alli- 
ance between  the  two  families  will  greatly  oblige. 

T.  MiLBOURN. 

Mourning  Letterpaper. — Can  you  inform  me 
when  the  present  fashion  of  using  black-edi^ed 
paper  and  envelopes  first  came  up,  and  whether 
thev  are  used  on  the  Continent  and  in  the  United 


they 

States  of  America  ? 


R.  B.  P. 


Pepper  Hill. — Wanted  some  information  of 
an  old  mansion  called  Pepper  Hill  in  Shropshire,  in 
the  parish  of  Albrighton,  near  Boningale  and  near 
PatshulL  It  formerly  belonged  to  the  Shrews- 
bury family,  in  fact  it  does  belong  to  them  now, 
and  Mary  Queen  of  Scotland  is  said  to  have  slept 
there  one  night  A  secret  passage  is  also  reported 
to  be  connected  with  it  as  an  escape  in  olden 
times.  There  was  also  an  old  ruin  at  Lower 
Pepper  Hill,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  it,  where 
Gilbert  Talbot,  Bishop  of  Bertha,  in  Italy,  resided 
and  built  a  house.  He  died  Dec.  12, 1743,  and 
was  buried  at  White  Ladies  near  Albrighton. 

T.  Thorneycrop. 

Record  Commission:  Unpublished  Report 
OP. — In  the  very  interesting  volume  of  Coimcils 
and  Ecclesiastical  Documents  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  which  has  recently  appeared  under  the 
able  editorship  of  Messrs.  Haddan  and  Stubbs, 
reference  is  made  (preface,  xii.)  to  an  unpublished 
Report  of  the  Record  Commission  which  contains 
some  Irish  liturgical  fragments.  Will  some  reader 
kindly  supply  a  more  accurate  reference  to  the 
volume  ?  I  hoped  before  this  some  reader  of 
^'N.  &  Q."  would  have  added  to  the  lists  of 
"Unpublished  Record  Commission  Works"  wjiich 
some  years  since  I  furnished  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
with  (S'^  S.  ii.  101, 365.)  Aiken  Irvine. 

TiiE  Red-breast:  A  Breton  Legend. — This 

legend  may  be  new  to  your  readers : — 

"  Bearing  Ilis  cross,  while  Christ  passed  fortli  foriorn, 
His  God-like  forehead  by  the  mock  crown  torn, 
A  little  bird  took  from  that  crown  one  thorn. 


To  soothe  the  dear  Redeemer's  throbbing  head. 
That  bird  did  what  she  could ;  His  bloc^  'tis  nidy 
Down  dropping,  d3'ed  her  tender  boaom  red. 

Since  then  no  wanton  boy  disturbs  her  nest; 
Weasel  nor  wild  cat  will  her  young  molest ; 
All  sacred  deem  that  bird  of  ruddy  breasc" 

I  do  not  know  who  is  the  author  of  these 

C.  McG. 

Dublin. 

Seal  of  an  Abbot  of  Cirencestbb. — ^I  htsn 
an  impression  of  the  seal  of  the  vicar  of  the  chuch 
of  Cirencester,  dated  1660.  An  abbot  is  lem- 
sentcd  under  a  canopy  vested  in  a  pknn  aib^  chft- 
suble,  and  mitre,  holdmg  his  pastoral  staff  (with 
crook  turned  inwards)  in  his  right  handy  and 
giving  the  benediction  with  the  left  The  seal  il  s 
large  vesica^  well  though  not  deeply  engraved,  and 
Gothic  throuohout.  It  gives  so  many  unnsoal 
features  that  I  hope  the  correspondents  of  ''N.  &  Q." 
will  tell  me  what  abbot  is  represented,  why  a 
vicar  should  use  such  a  seal,  ana  if  the  veatmeiita 
and  mode  of  giving  the  benediction  are  not  YfOf 
unusual.  JouN  Piggot,  Juk.,  F.SJL 

"To-day  a  Man,  To-morbow  John." — In  Mr. 
Arber's  marvel  of  beauty  and  cheapness,  the  re- 

Erint  of  Udall's  Itoister  Jboister,  there  occoxs  thia 
omely  saying,  which  is  the  first  time  I  have  met 
with  it  as  expressive  of  existence  to-day  and  tD-> 
morrow  nothing :  — 

<'  The  Psalmodie. 
"  Placebo  dilexi, 
Maister  Roister  Doister  wil  streight  go  home  and  di^ 
Our  Lorde  Jesus  Christ  his  soule  have  merde  upon : 
Thus  you  see  to-day  a  man,  to-morrow  John." 

In  the  same  (p.  87)  the  song  of  the  minion  wifei 

the  last  verse  has,  it  appears  to  me,  either  a  mia- 

print  or  requires  an  emendation,  yet  I  fear  to  hint 

it  after  so  careful  an  editor : — 

"  About  what  affaires  so  ever  he  goe, 
He  must  showe  hir  all  his  mj'nde ; 
None  of  his  counscU  she  may  be  kept  free  [qy.  froe) 
Else  is  he  a  man  unkYnde.'*^ 

* 

Again,  p.  88 — 

**  He  will  go  darkling  to  his  grave, 
Nequc  lux,  neqne  crux,  nisi  solum  dinkey 
Never  gentman  so  went  toward  heaven  I  tbinke. 

Is  clink  the  right-  word,  or  would  not  bUnk  m 
this  instance  be  more  germane  to  Ught,  &c.  P 

J.  A.  Q. 

Carisbrooke. 

Walter  Windsor. — Can  any  of  vour  cone- 
spondents  give  me  the  date  of  the  death  of  Walter 
Windsor,  sixth  son  of  William  Lord  Windsor. 
Walter  married  Margaret  Pole,  daughter  of  Sir 
Geoffrey  Pole,  brother  of  the  great  caidinaL  Thej 
had  two  sons  and  a  daughter,  Winifred,  who  mar- 
ried John  Gosnold  of  Otley,  co.  Suffolk,  who  in 
his  will,  proved  1628,  speaks  of  money  due  to 
him  from  his  brother  Sir  William  WyidsorP 

H.  A.  BAHTBBCDeK 

21,  KusscU  Road,  Kensington, 


4*h  S.  IV.  Nov.  6,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


391 


Thomas  Geminus.  —  In  the  notice  of  Nicholas 
Udall,  prefixed  to  Mr.  Arber's  reprint  of  his 
comedy  Roister  Bolster^  he  is  said  to  have  trans- 
lated (iemini's  Anatomy  in  1547.  My  edition  of 
Gemini  (1559,  fol.)  contains  no  notice  of  Udall  or 
his  preface  and  dedication  to  Edward  VI.,  which 
I  believe  is  to  be  found  in  a  previous  one  of  1652 
[1553],  but  has  an  engraving  of  Queen  Elizabeth 
on  its  elaborate  frontispiece.  Is  the  edition  of 
1559,  with  the  exception  of  the  dedication  to  Ed- 
ward VI.,  a  reprint  of  the  earlier  one?  and  was 
the  translated  work  Gemini's  own  composition  or 
hy  Vesalius  ?  Thomas  Gemini,  according  to  Wal- 
pole,  was  the  first  known  engraver  in  England. 

TnOMAS  E.  WtNNlNGTON. 

[In  the  year  1545  Geminus  published  a  new  edition  in 
Latin  of  Andrew  Vcsalius's  Treaty  se  of  Anatomies  yvhiQh 
was  first  published  at  Padua  in  1542.    The  edition  of 
1545  was  dedicated  to  Henry  VIII.     In  1653  he  also  pub- 
lished a  translation  in  English  by  Nicholas  Udall,  and 
again  in  1559,  corrected  by  R.  Eden  and  others.    The 
typography  of  the  editions  of  1553  and  1559  is  the  same 
with  the  exception  of  the  title-pages,  prefatory  matter, 
and  the  last  page  of  the  latter  edition.    The  title-page  of 
1553  (the  same  as  that  of  1542)  is  profusely  ornamented, 
with  the  royal  arms  in  the  centre :   then  follows   the 
Gemini's  dedication  "  to  the  most  hygh  and  redoabted 
Prj'nce  Edwarde  the    VI.,"  and  on  the  next  page  an 
address  "To  the  ientill  readers  and  Surgeons  of  Eng- 
lande,  Nicolas  Udall  in   the  Lorde  gretyng  with  encreace 
of  good  knowelage."    The  dedication  to  Queen  Elizabeth 
(edit.  1559)  is  extended  to  double  the  length  of  that  to 
Edward  VI.,  and  in  both  Geminus  acknowledges  his  obli- 
gations to  Nicholas  Udall  and  others.] 

Dutch  Spinning-houses.  —  In  chap.  xxi.  of 
Mr.  Sala's  Captain  Dangerous^  the  hero  is  thus 
made  to  describe  the  ''  Spinning- house  "  of  Am- 
sterdam : — 

**  In  another  part  of  the  building,  which  only  the  ma- 
gistrates arc  permitted  to  visit,  are  usually  detained  ten 
or  a  dozen  youn*;  ladies — some  of  veiy  high  families — sent 
here  by  their  parents  and  friends  for  undutiful  deport- 
ment or  some  other  domestic  offence.  They  are  com- 
pelled to  wear  a  particular  dress  as  a  mark  of  degrada* 
tion  ;  are  kept  apart ;  forced  to  work  a  certain  number 
of  hours  a  day,  and  are  occasionally  whipped." 

Can  any  of  your  correspondents  supply  me  with 
any  information  about  the  nature  and  discipline  of 
these  spinning-houses,  or  refer  me  to  any  work  on 
the  subject?  I  remember,  while  at  Amsterdam, 
seeing  one  of  Ilembrandt's  pictures  representing 
the  governors  of  one  of  these  establishments.  In 
the  background  was  a  statue  holding  a  birch  rod, 
emblematic,  1  presume,  of  the  discipline  within. 

Julian. 

[Spinhuis,  Tuchthuis,  or  House  of  (^rrection.  Ac- 
cording toZedler  (Ixiii.  1008)  under  «  Zucht-haos,"  the 
houses  of  this  kind  in  the  Netherlands  were  in  Amster- 


dam, Alckmar,  GrOningen,  and  Leiden.  The'house  for 
males,  a  Zucht-haus,  that  for  females  a  Spinn-haus» 
Zedler  refers  to  L.  C.  Sturm  on  the  building  of  such 
places,  as  well  as  Besold,  Jablonskl,  dec.  J.  6.  Simons 
{Tract,  de  Ergaster.  DisctpUn.')  mentions  thirteen  classes 
of  persons  for  whom  such  places  are  suited :  his  seventh 
class,  disobedient  children.  Zedler  has  also  given  refer- 
ences to  other  authors  on  the  Spin-houses,  especially  those 
in  Holland.] 

Tartab  King. — Can  you  give  any  informatioa 
as  to  who  the  Tartar  king  was  that  is  mentioned 
in  the  enclosed  extract  from  Milton's  "  II  Pen- 
seroso  " : — 

"  Or  call  up  him  that  left  half-told 

The  story  of  Cambuscan  bold, 

Of  Camball,  and  of  Algarsife, 

And  who  had  Canace  to  wife. 

That  own'd  the  virtuous  ring  and  glass ; 

And  of  the  wondrous  horse  of  brass. 

On  which  the  Tartar  king  did  ride." 

CM. 

[Milton  here  alludes  to  the  incomplete  story  of  the- 
Squire  in  Cbaucer^s  Canterbury  Tales — the  conclusion  of 
which  is  hopelessly  lost.    *'  I  have  never  been  able  to 
conceive,"  says  Tyrwhitt,  **  the  probable  original  of  this 
tale ;  and  yet  I  should  be  very  hardly  brought  to  believe 
that  the  whole,  or  oven  any  considerable  part  of  it,  was 
of  Cbaucer*s  invention."    Thomas  Warton's  inquiries  into 
the  origin  of  it  were  equally  fruitless.    He  has  made  a 
note  upon  the  passage  to  the  following  effect : — "  Among: 
the  manuiicripts  at  Oriel  College  in  Oxford,  is  an  old 
Latin  treatise  entitled  Fabula  de  aneo  CabaUo,    Here  I 
imagined  I  had  discovered  the  origin  of  Chaucer*s  Sytaers 
Tale,  so  replete  with  marvellous  imagery,  and  evidently 
an  Arabian  fiction  of  the  middle  ages.    But  I  was  disap- 
pointed ;  for  on  examination,  it  appeared  to  have  not  even 
a  distant  connection  with  Chaucer's  story."    See  Todd's 
Milton,  vi.  126, 127.] 

*'  Gesta  Romanobum." — Can  any  one  tell  me 

what  are  the  three  litera  intended  in  the  following 

passage  from  chapter  cxxv.  in  the  Qesta  Homa- 

norum  ? — 

^  C^nobium  intravit,  literas  didicit,  scilicet  tres,  qua- 
rum  prima  est  nigra,  secnnda  rubra,  tertia  Candida." 

Umbra.. 

[The  three  letters  are  explained  in  the  *'  Moralisatio  ^ 
which  immediately  follows  in  the  same  chapter  (cxxv). 
The  first  letter  (black)  is  the  remembrance  of  sins,  which 
like  a  black  and  heavy  burden  torment  thee  with  the- 
thought  of  infernal  pains.  The  second  letter  (red)  is  the- 
remembrance  of  the  blood  of  Christ  thy  Saviour.  The 
third  letter  (white)  is  the  desire  of  eternal  joys,  and  of 
those  who  follow  the  Lamb  in  white  garments.  See  black- 
letter  edition  of  Gesta  Ronutnomm  (1499). 

The  chapter  in  question  is  illustiious,  as  containing 
either  the  origin  or  a  very  early  version  of  the  tale  "  The 
Three  Black  Crows,"  not  reproducible  in  the  salabrioos 
pages  of  **N.&(i."] 

Quotation. — Where  shall  I  find  the  following 
lines  ?    They  were  set  to  music  by  Sir  H.  R. 


392 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


[i*k  &  IV.  Not.  ft.  "SI. 


BiBhop;  and  sung  by  Miss  Stephens  in  The  Two 

Gentlemen  of  Verona  : — 

*' Should  he  upbraid  Til  own  that  he  prevail, 
And  sing  as  sweetly  as  the  nightingale; 
Say,  if  he  frown,  I'll  own  his  looks  1  view 
As'  morning  roses  newly  tipn'd  with  dew,"  &c. 

c.  w. 

[These  lines,  slightly  altered  most  ])robably  by  Fre- 
derick lieynolds,  are  taken  from  Shakspeare,  The  Tenning 
of  the  Shrrtt,  Act  II.  Scene  1 :  the  music  by  Sir  H.  R. 
Bisliop.] 

Watermen's  Company.  —  Can  you  tell  me 
where  a  history  of  the  Watermen's  Company  can 
be  procured  ?  W.  II. 

[There  has  been  lately  private!}'  printed  for  circulation 
among  the  members  of  this  company  A  History  of  the 
Origin  and  Progress  of  the  Watermen*s  Compantf^  with 
numerous  Historical  Notes^  Acts  of  Parliament^  Arc,  By 
Henry  Humpheries,  1K69.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  such 
a  woi^  should  appear  as  a  I'imo  volume.] 


Slcpltcif* 


PORTRAITS  OF  BURNS. 

(4»'»  S.  iv.  274,  318.) 

My  attention  has  just  been  called  to  two  articles 
in  "  N.  &  Q."  under  the  above  heading,  one  signed 
"  Chitteldroog  "  and  the  other  "  Paul  Ward," 
in  both  of  which  a  good  deal  of  information  is 
offered  with  respect  to  certain  portraits  of  llobert 
Bums,  and  some  depreciatory  criticism  in  con- 
clusion made  on  the  engraving  of  a  portrait  in 
mjr  own  possession,  which  I  believe  to  be  the  lost 
miniature  of  1795,  to  whicli  you  must  allow  me  a 
few  words  of  reply  as  to  matters  of  fact  in  the 
case.     In  the  first  place,  however,  it  should  be 
noticed  that  there  is  a  misprint  of  "  BoMgo "  for 
Beugo  in  both  comiuunications,  which  is  no  doubt 
purely  accidental;   besides   which,   there   is  the 
more  serious  mistake  of  •*  Nicoll  *'  for  Cathcart  by 
one  of  them.     Paul  Ward  informs  your  readers 
that  a  portrait  of  Burns  by  Nasmyth  "  is  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Nicoll  of  Auchcndrane,  Ayr- 
shire."   There  is  no  Mr.  Nicoll  of  Auchendrane, 
nor  ever  was.      The  portrait  your  correspondent 
refers  to  is  the  property  of  Klias  Cathcart,  Esq.,  of 
Auchendrane,  in  whose  drawinir-room  I  have  more 
than   once   looked   at   and   carefully   studied   it. 
Whether  it  may  have  passed  through  some  Mr. 
NicoU's  hands  to  Mr.  Cathcart's  po3?»ession,  I  do 
not  know;    but  it  was  Mr.   Cuthcart's  property 
more   than  ten  years    ago.      The   picture  itself 
seemed  to  me  to  be  a  well-done  copy  from  Na- 
smyth's  original — such,  and  no  more.     The  mis- 
take of  a  name  thus  rectified  does  not,  it  is  true,  in 
the  least  degree  affect  the  cn-dit  of  the  work  to 
which  your  coiTespondent  refers,  but  it  detracts 
considerably  from  his  own  credit  as  an  authority 
on  6uch  matters. 


possibly  (lo  this  is  the  assumed  want  of  intentl 
evidence ;  which,  in  the  second  place,  therefora^  I 
must  now  consider. 

The  numerous  strong  proofs  already  givaa  1^ 
me  publicly  that  the  picture  is,  and  moat  bi^  a 


With  respect  now  to  the  miniature  in  my  own 
possession,  and  its  history  in  the  first  place,  the 
same  correspondent  affirms  that  "  it  ^the  histoiy) 
is  faulty  at  the  fountain-head."    This  position  I 
must  respectfully  demur  to.    The  history  of  thst 
picture,  1  maintain,  is  as  dear  as  the  history  of 
any  picture  of  the  same  age  in  similar  circam- 
stances  could  be.     The  fact  that  its  original  pos- 
sessors are  now  dead,  and  can  no  longer  speak,      | 
does  not  aftect  the  truth  of  that  history  any  mnn 
than  the  death  of  Bums  himself  can  affect  the 
authenticity  of  certain  poems.    But  what  sort  of 
evidence  would  your  correspondent  prefer  ?  The 
testimony  of  living  relatives  or  fnendaP    Yet, 
according  to  himself,  that  testimony  in  a  most 
important  case  is  utterly  worthless.     "  It  is  a  per- 
plexing circumstance,"  he  says,  "  that  in  ItiSO, 
when  Taylor's  portrait  was  published,  Mrs.  Bunu, 
the  poet's  widow,  and  most  of  his  surviving  friends, 
signed  a  testimonial  certifying  to  the  excellence  of 
the  likeness,"  &c.;  which  very  portrait  he  dis- 
tinctly afiirms  is  now  admitted  to  be  not  a  po^ 
trait  of  Bums  at  all,  but  of  his  brother  Gilbert, 
**  and  very  like  him.*'    I  was  not  before  awarn 
that  such  a  suspicion  attached  to  that  picture.    I 
plead  ignorance  on  this  point :  the  fact  is  new  to 
me.    But  if  your  correspondent  chooses  to  rsfer 
to  my  remarks  on  that  very  portrait  he  will  find     , 
that  1  discard  it  as  a  likeness  of  Burns.    A  like- 
ness of  Gilbert  it  may  have  been ;  but  of  Robert 
it  never  was,  nor  could  be.    In  this  at  least  my 
unaided  judgment  is  in  accordance  with  his  own 
allegation  of  fact.    Of  what  value  then  would 
"testimonials'*  of  this  kind  be,  where  the  wit^ 
nesses  could  make  such  a  mistake  P 

Again,  as  to  history,  your  correspondent  aswiti 
that,  so  far  as  the  world  knows,  "  all  trace  of  it 
(the  miniature  of  1795)  has  been  irrecoverably 
lost.  It  never  was  engraved,  and  unaccoantaUy 
there  is  no  trace  of  its  having  arrived  in  Edia* 
burgh,''  &c.  This  at  least  is  an  admission  that  no 
portrait  in  competition  with  the  miniatare  in  my 
possession  now  exists.  That  it  never  was  en- 
graved is  obvious ;  that  it  never  went  to  Edin- 
l)ur<rh  is  almost  certain.  This  is  precisely  what 
I  aitirm.  But  how  does  your  correspondent  know 
that  it  was  "irrecoverably  lost"?  He  cannot 
prove  such  a  negative.  I  have  di^overed  in  Ire- 
land, iirst  in  the  hands  of  a  millionaire,  then  in 
j  lli(><e  of  a  gentleman  of  birth,  both  men  of  the 
I  higlu'st  honour  and  accomplishments,  what  I  b^ 
liovo  to  be  the  very  portrait  in  question;  and  yonr 


4«k  S.  iV.  Not.  6,  '69.] 


NOTES  JlND  QUSXCIES. 


Stt 


likeness  of  Robert  Boms,  good  or  bad.  Minted 
about  the  end  of  April  1796 — ^the  Teiy  oate  in 
question — I  do  not  nere  quote.  These  may  be 
TOund  elsewhere.  It  is  to  jour  correspondent's 
own  objections  I  now  reply.  £Qs  first  complaint 
is,  that  it  represents  tne  poet  as  a  ''coarse,*' 
"  boorish/'  **  vulgar,  elderly  man,"  &c ;  which  is 
a  matter  of  opinion :  I  think  entirely  otherwise. 
The  engraving,  in  this  respect,  is  certainly  by  no 
means  all  that  it  should  be ;  and  your  correspon- 
dent therefore  judges  so  far  at  a  disadvantage — 
which  I  regret.  But  even  as  to  the  engraving,  I 
maintain  that  it  is  a  most  characteristic,  intel- 
lectual, and  profoundly  suggestive  likeness;  a 
little  dark  and  stem,  it  is  true,  more  so  than  it 
should  be—but  infinitely  more  the  portrait  of  a 
^terUleman  than  any  portrait  of  Boms  we  know. 

Again,  he  objects  that  "  the  features" — such  as 
the  nose,  I  presume — are  ''completely  altered." 
How  does  he  knowP  Did  he  ever  see  Boms  P 
On  this  very  subject,  however,  another  cone^on- 
dent,  to  myself  personally  unlmowny  wrote  to  me 
lately  as  follows : — 

"  At  first  I  was  unable  to  reconcile  the  two  portndts  as 
of  the  same  person;   but  at  length  I  rememberad  his 

nephewi  Mr. ,  whose  nose  and  the  cootoor  of  whose 

face  have  in  them  much  of  the  Kerry  portrait.  He  is 
now  more  than  double  his  nucleus  age,  and  making  in- 
quiry as  to  thij},  I  have  it  from  those  who  knew  him  when 
young,  that  the  nose  was  straight  like  that  of  the  early 
portraits  of  Burns.  Now  it  is  arched  and  drooping  like 
the  portrait  in  question,  though  not  so  large,  "niis  phy- 
sical alteration  of  that'  organ  mav  be  a  ehaiacterisae  m 
the  poet's  kin  worth  attending  to." 

It  is  so,  undoubtedly ;  and  I  could  easily  quote 
other  facts  to  the  same  purpose,  but  this  seems  to 
be  sufficient  in  the  meantime,  and  should  satisfy 
your  correspondent. 

Your  correspondent's  chief  objection,  however^ 
is  that  the  phrenological  development  <n  the  por- 
trait in  '^  the  upper  part  of  the  face  and  forehead  " 
is  defective,  "  wonaerfully  like  the  portraits  of 
poor  imbecile  George  III.'^;  "no  more  the  portrait 
of  Bums  than  of  Shakespear  " ;  "  almost  Altec," 
&c.  Before  accumulating  such  terms  and  com- 
parisons on  the  subject,  to  relieve  his  averdan, 
it  might  have  been  well  for  your  correspondent 
to  consider,  first,  whether  the  miniature  m  qoes- 
tion,  as  regards  the  head,  corresponds  with  a 
cast  of  the  poet*s  skull.  It  is,  in  fact,  the  only 
portrait  which  does  correspond,  and  it  corre- 
sponds so  minutely  that  it  might  replace  the 
cast  for  all  phrenological  purposes.  Such  being 
the  case,  your  correspondent  must  account  for  the 
poetry  as  he  best  can.  As  to  George  IIL,  althoogli 
that  reference  might  have  been  spared,  there  is  no 
resemblance  whatever  there.  In  his  case,  the 
doubly  receding  chin,  and  the  doubly  projeetiw 
nose  tn  a  line  with  1|}ie  doubly  receding  foraheaf 
to  say  nothing  of  the  utter  disparity  in  drath  «M  ^ 
aise,  'make  all  the  difference  in  tbe  woiid  Mi 


bim  sad  Bnms.  Geozge  m/s  liead  is  a  dmnk 
triuigle ;  Bums's,  as  represented  in  the  ministiue^ 
an  immense  oblonff  block.  On  this  point  I  msj 
remark  further,  wat  the  common  nortnits  of 
Shskspeare  are  far  from  being  reliaole,  and  as 
comptfed  with  the  mask  at  Stratford,  if  I  remember 
correctly,  give  ffross  eza^geratioos  of  the  fordbead 
in  narticolar.  The  poetical  gifts  botii  of  Boms 
and  Shakspeare  laj  not  so  miwh  in  the  intr$  fora^ 
head  of  either,  as  m  the  eyes  and  whdle  head  tin 
gather.  Indeed,  a  ]ai]g06adb<^0fioMMf  in  Ixith  heads 
was  essential  for  their  sort  of  poetry.  Men  wi A 
merely  perpendicular  foreheads  may  be  inteUao- 
tnal,  bat  they  are  not  nocossarily  poets  of  tibelyao 
and  dramatic  stamp. 

On  the  moral  aspect  of  this  disputed  Hkeiiasi^ 
which  your  other  conespondent  describes  as  ^  tbs 
most  execrable  libel  on  the  human  fMsediviiia 
that  has  been  pablished  in  the  nineteentii  or  aaj 
other  century,  as  being  a  salneot  oi  opinion  dso^ 
I  have  no  special  re^y  to  make.  Students  w1m> 
follow  Lavater  must  judge  of  that  Ibr  themselvesL 
I  shall  only  mnark  in  general  ttstam,  tibat  as 
Bums  himself  has  been  equally  adnuied  and 
hated,  extolled  as  an  angel  or  worshipped  as  a 
demi^odi  and  denounced  as  a  csma^  sensnali 
devilish,  and  danfferous  bla^hemeri  bj  two  Cf» 
poeite  clsssos  in  tne  world,  so  no  pirtnre  of  bun 
whidi  does  not  in  some  way  or  to  some  sactant 
provoke  oorreaponding  judgment  Is  worth  m 
nrtfaing.  For  this  reason  flJoney  I  condnde  that 
the  oommon  Nasmyth  portrait,  which  has  bo  de- 
cided character  of  any  kind,  must  be  a  delnsioa. 
The  Kerxy  miniature,  on  the  other  hand,  in  mf 
opinion,  represents  both  sides  of  the  man's  eha- 
laoter,  and  m  that  respect^  as  well  as  others,  seems 
to  myself  more  reliable  than  the  best  photogrsnii— 
as  leliaUe  as  nature.  I  spesk,  of  oouise,  of  the 
original  painting.  For  the  imperfeetions  of  the 
engraving,  as  of  any  enmving  tnat  oould  be  taksK 
from  sudi  an  original  allowsnoe  in  your  oor- 
lespondenfs  favour  must  be  made. 

As  regards  the  ottwr  minialure,  that  of  the  bsf 
with  flowers,  I  have  simply  to  state,  on  incon<i»' 
vertiUe  evidence,  that  it  is  a  tne  likeness  of 
Bobert  Bums's  eldest  son  in  lus  childhood,  it 
seems  dangerously  repulsive  to  one  dl  jour  oor- 
reapoodente,  which  I  am  mther  astonished  at; 
Ibr  the  pictnre  has  been  an  olgect  of  loving  langli?* 
tar  and  admiration  to  ahnoet  all,  both  nan  aai 
women,  who  have  seen  it  in  my  posaeerfon  f  sod 
the  engraving  upon  the  whole  isgood.  As  to  tlM 
peculiar  style  of  hairdrossing,  co.,  whiiA  m^ 
vailed  at  the  time,  it  is  faitMullv  lepwsaBtsd  la 
thenietaie,  asthe  following desenpdoB  of  anethsv 
ohild*^  portndt,  of  a  i^ier  aai&r  dali%  Iftte 
south  ei  £arope^  will  show :— - 


394 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


lif^  S.  IV.  Not.  6,  '89. 


dressed  in  a  sailor's  costame  of  dark  f^reen,  and  wears 
pointed  shoes  with  silver  buckles.  Thick  hair  falls  over 
the  child's  forehead,  but  the  features  bear  a  decided  re- 
semblance to  subsequent  likenesses.  The  picture  is  in 
the  possession  of  M.  Giacocometti,  brother  of  the  poet, 
and  forms  part  of  a  collection  which  it  is  said  few  private 
persons  can  rivaL*' 

If  jour  correspondent  will  compare  this  descrip- 
tion with  the  account  given  by  me  of  the  child's 
portrait  in  my  possession,  he  will  find  that,  with 
the  exception  of  the  Jlowers,  which  were  exclu- 
sively the  poet's  fancy  at  Dumfries,  and  the poitUed 
shoes,  which  were  never  adopted  in  Scotland — the 
one,  so  far  as  it  goes,  is  precisely  a  counterpart  of 
the  other.  The  style  of  dress,  especially  of  the 
hair,  seems  to  have  been  importea  from  France, 
and  to  have  been  commonly  adopted  at  Dumfries 
for  children  about  that  age ;  and  Bums,  we  may  be 
sure,  would  be  by  no  means  slow  to  patronise  it. 

I  make  no  further  commentary  on  these  simple 
facts,  and  have  no  wish  or  intention  to  pursue  the 
discussion  farther.  I  acknowledge  with  thanks 
both  your  correspondents'  courteous  allusions  to 
my  own  editorial  enthusiasm  on  behalf  of  Bums. 

P.  IIatelt  Waddell. 
Elmgrove  Place,  Glasgow. 


May  I  ask  Mr.  Paul  Ward's  authority  for 
assertmg  that,  in  1834,  Allan  Cunningham,  in 
order  to  increase  the  sale  of  his  edition  of  Burns, 
solicited  testimonials  certifying  to  the  excellence 
of  the  likeness  of  the  portrait  of  the  poet  in  the 
first  volume  of  that  work  P  I  venture  most  con- 
fidently to  deny  that  there  is  the  slightest  tmth 
in  the  statement.  In  my  note  on  the  Bums'  Por- 
traits I  made  mention  of  those  only  which  claimed 
to  be  '^  from  the  life."  Had  I  gone  beyond  this  I 
should  certainly  have  spoken  with  admiration  of 
the  statue  by  flaxman,  and  the  very  fine  mezzo- 
tint by  Walker,  and  should  have  "noted"  the 
small  enn^ving  to  which  Mr.  Ward  refers.  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  as  is  well  known,  was  dissatisfied 
with  the  Beugo  print  which  so  fascinates  your 
correspondent.  He  says  it  gives  the  features, 
''but  diminishes  them  as  if  they  were  seen  in 
perspective.  I  think  his  countenance  was  more 
massive  than  it  looks  in  any  of  the  portraits." 
Allan  Cunningham,  who  was  in  Dumfries,  a  boy 
of  twelve,  when  the  poet  died,  and  had  been  in 
the  habit  of  seeing  him  from  his  earliest  child- 
hood, had  always  been  of  the  same  opinion,  and 
was  fully  confirmed  in  it  when  he  saw  the  life- 
size  profile  by  Miers.  He  told  all  this  to  his  friend 
W.  C.  Edwards,  who  was  unrivalled  in  his  day 
as  an  engraver  of  small  heads,  and  placing  in  his 
hands  the  genuine  painting  by  Nasmyth,  the 
Beugo  print,  a  cast  of  the  skull,  and  a  tracing  from 
Miers,  desired  him  to  combine  them  in  a  portrait 
which  should  represent  the  poet  as  Sir  Walter 
had  described  him.    He  himself  considered  that 


Edwards  had  been  highly  successful,  but  I  do  not 
think  that  the  world  endorsed  hia  opinion. 

Mr.  Ward  is  very  bold  in  denying  the  autheiH 
ticity  of  the  Kerry  miniature,  and  seems  to  me  to 
moke  no  allowance  for  the  almost  certain  want  of 
skill  in  the  man  who  painted  it,  and  the  quite 
certain  want  of  skill  in  the  man  who  has  engraved 
it.  The  former  was  most  probably  an  itinerant 
Dick  Tinto,  who  painted  his  laborious  way  from 
Peebles  to  Ecclefechan,  and  Ecclefechan  to  Mill 
Hole  Brae;  and  the  latter,  though  bearing  the 
same  names  as  one  of  our  most  eminent  Englirii 
engravers,  is — what  any  one  may  judge  of  for  him- 
self by  paying  a  shilling  for  Part  X.  of  Waddell'a 
Bums,  From  such  hands  Mr.  Ward  could 
hardly  expect  ''lines  of  thought  and  grace,''  but 
it  may  be  queried  whether  such  lines  were  to  be 
found  in  tne  living  original.  I  have  before  me 
as  I  write  a  letter  from  Charles  Kirkpatrick 
Sharpe,  the  shrewd  old  antiquary  and  amateur 
artis^  in  which  he  says : — 

'*  Talking  of  looks,  I  never  could  discover  the  wonden 
of  poor  Bams*s  eyes,  as  now  described — ^he  had  a  pair  of 
good  dark  eyes,  and  that  was  all — then  I  never  MW  his 
hair  curled— \t  was  very  lank  and  unbecoming  whenever 
I  beheld  it — he  had  a  sensible,  brown,  coarse  face,  and  a 
very  clumsy  figure,  particularly  as  to  shoulders,  ffls 
wife  must  always  have  been  homely — a  most  sallow  com- 
plexion with  no  features  to  redeem  it,  and  rather  an  ill- 
natured  expression  which  was  far  from  being  the  tmih,'* 

CniTTELDRGOe. 


There  is  (or  was)  a  print  of  Bums  pur^rting 
to  be  from  a  drawing  by  Archibald  Skirvmg,  an 
accomplished  and  eccentric  artist,  who  had  a  great 
reputation  in  the  North  at  the  oeginning  of  this 
century.  The  drawing,  however,  was  not  firom 
life,  but  modified  from  Nasmyth's  portrait^  on  the 
suggestions,  I  believe,  of  fnends  of  Bums.  When 
a  boy  I  had  a  copy  of  the  print,  but  I  have  not 
seen  it  for  many  years.  My  recollection  of  it  ii^ 
that  it  was  very  large,  the  engraving  in  atipplsy 
and  good  ;  the  engraver's  name  I  forget, but  ire- 
member  that  the  painter's  was  misspelt  Scirven.  It 
is  odd  that  Chixteldiioog,  who  evidently  know* 
the  subject  so  well,  should  not  notice  it.  Itispoe- 
sible  that  the  print  was  a  private  one,  for  Skirving 
had  been  a  friend  of  my  family.  Though  this  con- 
tribution is  not  of  much  value,  it  seems  dofflraUe 
to  complete  the  subject  of  Bums's  portraits. 

H.  Y. 


[\Vc  liave  received  from  Messrs.  Blackie,  amon|;  other 
portraits  of  Burns,  the  very  interesting  engraving  de- 
scribed in  the  following  paragraph.  A  copy  of  this  poi^ 
trait  is  given  to  every  subscriber  to  Messrs.  Blackifl^ 
edition  of  Burns :  — 

"  This  portrait  of  the  poet  is  regarded  by  his  frinds  at 
the  most  characteristic  likeness  of  him  in  existence.  It 
is  from  a  drawing  by  the  late  Archibald  Skirvin^  an 
able  but  eccentric  Edinburgh  artist,  and  is  now  engrawd 
for  the  first  time.  We  have  not  been  able  to  asoeitaiii 
that  Bums  ever  gave  Skirving  any  formal  sittinga  Ibr 


4*S.  IT.  Nov.  6, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


395 


his  portrait ;  but  we  find  that  the  poet  and  the  artist 
vere  on  terras  of  intimate  friendship,  and  thus  Skirving 
enjoyed  full  opportunities  for  observing  Bums  under  a 
variety  of  circumstances,  and  of  noting  mentally  and 
with  the  pencil  the  changes  of  expression  which  under 
different  impulses  so  altered  his  appearance.  This  por- 
trait exhibits  the  poet  in  one  of  his  more  thoughtful 
moods,  and  shows  that  massiveness  of  features  which  his 
friends  and  biographers  have  always  described  as  pecu- 
liarly characteristic  of  his  visage,  the  want  of  which  in 
Nasmyth's  portrait  is  considered  its  principal  defect. 

"  The  artist  set  so  much  store  by  this  portrait  of  Bums, 
and  a  portrait  he  had  made  of  the  late  John  Rennie,  the 
eminent  engineer,  that  he  would  not  part  with  either  of 
them,  though  oflen  solicited  by  admirers  of  the  poet  for 
the  one,  and  by  Mr.  Kcnnie  himself  for  the  other.  He 
kept  these  two  portraits  in  his  studio,  and  desired  his 
more  notable  visitors  to  write  upon  the  backs  of  them 
any  remarks  they  had  to  make  either  upon  the  portrait 
or  "the  person  represented.  The  backs  of  the  drawings 
are  consequently  covered  over  with  remarks  of  a  verj' 
curious  character.  On  the  decease  of  Skirving,  the  two 
portraits  just  referred  to  were  purchased  by  Mr.  Rennie, 
and  they  are  now  in  the  possession  of  his  son,  George 
Rennie,  Esq.,  of  London. 

**  The  drawing  of  Burns  is  executed  with  red  chalk,  on 
tinted  paper  of  a  reddish  colour.  The  head  is  nearly  the 
size  of  life,  with  a  portion  of  the  neck  and  shoulders 
merely  indicated.  Though  at  first  sight  it  appears  as  if 
executed  in  a  slight  and  sketchy  style,  closer  examina- 
tion can  readily  detect  the  conscientious  carefulness  with 
which  it  has  been  wrought.  The  touch  is  extremely 
delicate,  the  treatment  broad  and  massive,  combined  with 
great  clearness  of  effect.  Altogether  it  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  interesting  portraits  which  we  have  ever 
met  with."] 

"PRISON  PIETY." 

(4'^  S.  iv.  11,  305.) 

It  would  appear  that  Samuel  Speed,  vicar  of 
Godalming  and  grandson  of  the  oetter-known 
John,  the  chronologer,  was  rather  proud  of  his 

faol-bird  notoriety,  for  there  is  no  doubt  about 
is  being  the  same  individual  who  describes  him- 
self upon  the  title  to  the  King^sBawh  Scuffle,  1675, 
as  "  a  member  of  that  royal  society,"  and  on  that 
of  the  Prison  Piety j  1677,  as  "  prisoner  in  Lud- 
gate,"  in  both  cases  preceded  by  his  full  name. 
Or  let  us  charitably  hope  that,  finding  he  had 
scandalized  his  cloth  in  the  ribaldry  of  the  first, 
he  may  have  put  forth  the  later  publication  as  a 
counterpoise.  At  all  events  he  quietly  ignores 
The  Scuffle  in  the  Pnson  Pietif. 

In  his  address  in  this  last,  *'  To  the  Devout,"  he 
says  that  — 

•'the  Plague  and  Fire  of  London  had  mined  him, 
and  that  some  rapacious  creditors  had  placed  him  in 
durance,  and  that  it  was  to  lighten  his  solitude  that 
he  compiled  and  composed  this  manual  of  divine  medita- 
tions." 

How  much  of  it  he  compiled  and  how  much  com- 
posed we  are  not  told,  but  it  is  evident  that 
George  Herbert  supplied  both  the  style  and  much 
of  the  matter ;  and  it  will  be  an  important  part 
of  a  new  editor's  duty  to  assort  the  contents;  and 


render  to  others  what  may  be*  their  due,  seeing 
that  Mr.  Speed  leaves  this  to  be  discovered  by  his 
readers. 

The  concluding  "  Panegyrick  to  Henry  (Comp- 
ton),  by  Divine  Providence  Bishop  of  London,'' 
may  bo  taken  as  a  test  in  jud^ng  how  far  Samuel's 
claim  to  any  part  of  the  ptous  contents  may  be 
sustained:  looking  at  this  fulsome  address,  in 
which  he  entertains  the  prelate  with  divers  wit- 
ticisms levelled  at  '^  the  more  puritanicall  sort,"  I 
should  say  it  may  be  very  little.  Mb.  Delano  riests 
a  doubt  about  the  Prison  Piety  and  Fragmenta  Car- 
ceris  being  by  the  same  pen  on  the  ground  of  the 
pious  strain  of  the  first  and  the  ribaldrv  of  the 
last.  To  those  familiar  with  the  poetical  writers 
of  the  seventeenth  century  this  will  not  have 
much  weight  Take  Brathwait,  for  example. 
Here  are  before  me  his  SpirituaU  Spicerie,  full  of 
heavenly  meditations,  and  his  rendering  of  The 
Psalmes  of  David,  with  Bamahy's  Joum<u8,  and  a 
Comment  upon  duiucer;  and  I  need  not  ask  how 
these  harmonize.  Watt  says  Samuel  Speed  died 
in  1681. 

I  take  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  inquire 
about  a  curious  performance  entitled  "  Batt^^H^pon- 
Battf  by  a  Person  of  Quality,"  attributed  to  a  Dr. 
Speed,  the  first  edition  of  which  was '' printed  for 
Bevis  of  Southampton  and  Asparacade  the  Gyant," 
1680,  and  frequently  reprinted.  John  Bullar,  the 
historian  of  Southampton,  was  unable  to  say  who 
wrote  it,  and  I  do  not  know  Lowndes'  autnority 
for  ascribing  it  to  Dr.  Speed.  It  is  a  comical 
piece,  and  the  satire  of  it  wants  elucidation. 
I'erhaps  some  correspondents  may  have  something 
to  say  about  it.  The  poet's  lamentation  upon 
this  ''  deserted  port "  of  Southampton  would 
amuse  the  present  happy  dwellelrs  in  that  now 
highly  fiounshing  locality.  J.  0. 

[Wood  {Aihena^  iv.  700,  ed.  1820)  has  the  following 
notice  of  the  author  of  ^M  upon  Batt: — ^**  John  Speed, 
M.D.,  son  of  Joh.  Speed,  doctor  of  physic,  was  elected 
scholar  of  St  John  college  about  the  year  1643;  ejected 
thence  by  the  visitors  appointed  by  the  parliament,  an. 
1648,  he  beingthen  bachelor  of  arts  and  fellow.  After 
the  return  of  £king  Charles  II.  he  was  restored  to  his 
fellowship ;  about  which  time,  being  a  student  in  physic, 
took  both  the  degrees  therein  in  1666,  and  aftmrarda 
leaving  his  fdlowship,  practised  bis  faculty  in  and  near 
Soathampton,  where  be  now  f  1694]  lives  in  ^ood  repute. 
He  hath  written  Batt  upon  Batty  ana  The  Vinon,  wherein 
is  described  Batt's  Person  and  Ingenuity,  with  an  Ac- 
count of  the  Ancient  and  Present  State  and  Glory  of 
Southampton.  Both  are  esteemed  very  ingenioua  things." 
Ed.] 

BARRALET. 
(4"»  S.  iv.  293.) 

Barralet,  historical,  floral,  and  landscape  painter^ 
studied  in  Dublin,  having  been  (with  Williams, 
Roberts,  Barrett,  Waldron,  and  MacKenzie),  a 
pupil  of  Bichard  Manning.    He  drew  landscapes 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^a.IV.  Nor.6,>n. 


with  Ilftlian  chalk,  in  -which  he  RfTectcil  to  imitate 
Vernet.  During  the  ilinesa  of  Mr.  Manning,  he 
superintendi'd  the  omnmentul  ilppurlciii'Tit  in  the 

SHOW  Rojol)  Dublin  Society;  nnd  on  Manning's  . 
aath  in  the  year  177!1,  hu  hecamn  candidate  foe  ■ 
the  Mtuittinn  m  opposition  to  Waldrnn,  but  lost  , 
it,  as  his  rival  had  the  support  of  the  Duke  of 
Leioster.  When  ho  lost  liia  election,  a  sum  of 
money  was  voted  to  him  by  the  BOCiPty  as  a.  eom- 
plinient  to  hia  ability  and  a  reward  for  hi,*  atten- 
tion. IIl'  was  sttbsequently  enitapni  in  staining 
olaflB  in  concert  with  the  Jlessrs.  Hand.  See 
Whitelaw  and  Walsh'a  mitori/  of  the  City  of 
UdUin,  vol.  ii.  p.  1W4.  -in  engraving  of  BafjjMt- 
rath  Custle,  Dublin,  "  from  an  original  drawing 
by  Barralet,  in  the  posiessiou  of  the  Kight  Hon. 
W.  Conynghain,"  is  (^Ten  in  Grose's  ybdiqidliei 
of  Ireland,  vol.  i.  p.  10.  AnnoA. 

J.  Barralet  was  n  drawin^r  master,  well  hoown 
about  fifty  or  sixty  years  ago.  He  taught  tigure- 
draning  anatontically,  liaving  learned  at  the  Royal 
Academy,  and  wna  also  a  very  fair  teacher  in 
landscape,  in  oibt  and  water-colours,  the  latter 
boldly  executed  and  in  the  old  neutral  tint  atvle. 
I  have  soDio  outline  heads  and  also  figures  of  lii?, 
drawn  in  a  masterly  style.  IIu  lived  in  South 
Latubeth,  but  I  do  not  know  the  date  of  bix 
decease.  Ha  was  recommended  as  n  teacher  by 
Newman  of  Soho  Square,  and  possiblv  thoro  may 
he  some  one  living  in  that  establisliiuent  who 
could  give  further  information  about  bini. 

Z.Z. 

The  Rev.  Hugh  Jnnies  Rose,  D.D.,  in  bis  JVero 
General  Biographical  Dictionary  (l^^ndon,  181>r, 
Tol.  iii.),  says  :— 

"  Barralrt  (.T.  J.)  an  Irish  Brtlst,  who  staJiet  abnat  the 
close  of  the  eighteenth  century  at  the  Dublin  Acailemy, 
and  psinlecl  figures,  IsniUcapes,  and  fliiwers".  His  land- 
W!»pe  ilrawingj  in  chalk,  in  which  he  airactcl  to  imitate 
Vornet,  were  much  aihnired.  He  aftervrarilH  became  a 
«Uinero/gU«.'" 

Dr.  G.  K,  Xasflur  in  his  Ncuet  allgemciacs 
Xiinilter-Le.ricoii,\o\. i.  (Jliinchen,  1835), says : — 

"  Ilarralet,  auch  Itaralxt.  Bamlct  und  IWrolet,  J.  J., 
dn  engliflcher  l..an<lwharL<-  unil  Marincmaler,  der  nm 
1760  blUhte.  Battoluzzi,  <:inriani,  Urigtion  un>l  V.  M. 
Pioot  haben  nach  ihm  eeetochen." 

C.  V. 

Tnu  CojfrE.-stosAi.  abd  Clochahh  of  St. 
Paul's  (4"  S.  iv.  330.)— There  was  n  good  wide 
public  space  for  the  hvpotheticol  ^irl  to  run  acrnas 
in  order  to  roach  t!ie  bells,  as  I  presume  the 
elochard  is  meant,  for  there  was  no  "  clonk-tower," 
so  calbd,  in  cathedrals  in  the  time  of  Henry  VII. 
The  clock  was  placed  in  the  transept  or  crossing ; 

"Totn  places  terra  en  parte  oriKiiInli  dicta;  ecolesiie  S. 
Panli.  ubi  nugnum  campuDile  ejusdem  ecclesiie  sitnfltam 


ert,  est  solum  et  latcum  feadum  dam.  r^'s ;   et  qoOd 
cives    ....     jntrare   dictum    campanile  ad  pnum- 

venien.iuin  arl  cnriam  suani  de  Folkmot."— 14  Edw.  IL 
Lib.  Cu«tqm.  ii.  B43, 

Tills  is  "the  great  and  high  clochier  or  bell- 
house  foursquare  builded  of  stone,"  containing  the 
four  "  Jesus  bells "  mentioned  by  Stowe,  that 
rtood  in  '■  Powlos  Churchyerde."  (Chrou.  of  Qrey 
Friars,  74.)  This  tower  belonged  to  the  Idng, 
was  public  to  the  citizens,  and  stood  apatt  from 
the  cathedral ;  and  yet  these  silly  stories  are  ba- 
lioved  because  printed.  Confessions  at  that  time 
were  made  openly  by  the  canon  law  : — 

"  CnnfliNUDneK  nnitierum  extra  velum  audiantur,  et  io 
ptoiiatulo  [i.e-apCTtuliiiumlum  ml  vbum.  [Zjnidio.  Bit] 
Sacerdoa  nd  nmliendmii  mnfeMiones  communem  (sper- 
tum  B.  pulilicum)  sibi  locum  cligut,  abi  ab  omnibus 
viclerl  potent  in  ceclesia  [t.e.  corpOK  ccclesiBa]  et  iuloeU 
abscouditis  non  redpiiC  sacerdos  alicujus  et  mnximi  ton- 
llerin  confeiNdiincn)  [p.  S31]  ncc  faciein  r»iiiciat  conll- 

By  the  Council  of  Uxford,  12'22,  it  waa  enacted ; — 

"  Sacerdoa  nd  audicndum  eonlesslones  eommtmem  liU 

clifCat  locum  undo  coinniunilcr  ab  omnibus  videri  poealt 

in  ecdeaid;  in  locisnbililisnnn  rcctpiot  (accrloi  ilioq)iU> 

Archbishop  Reynolds  (l'{22)  repeats  this  in- 
junction. 

MACKFifKiK  E.  C.  Walcott,  B.D.,  F.S.A. 
"Siso  Oi.n  RoRR  Asn  burn  the  Rbllowb" 
(2""  S.  ix.  2«4 ;  *"■  S.  iv.  148.)— I  think  that  the 
conctudinj;  lines  of  the  verses  ixuoted  in  the  firet 
of  the  volumes  just  referred  to  explain  why  th« 
bellows  were  to  tie  burnt :  — 

"  Tlie  lire  burnt  not  without  great  pother. 
Till  BoMt  at  hist  bofcan  to  Ein^, 
And  the  cold  blsdca  to  rlance  and  spring ; 
So  by  their  cxcrci^  and  kisses 
They  grew  as  wami  ns  were  their  wishes  ; 
When,  scorning  fire,  the  jolly  tbllows 
Crj''d, '  Shig  old  Ko»c  and  bum  the  bellows.'  " 
Aa  the  fire  would  not  bum  as  readily  as  they 
desired,  they  kept  themselves  warm  by  daadng 
and  kissing,  and  then  desired  that  the  bellom 
might  be  burnt  as  being  no  longer  needed. 

Unxda. 
PhiladelpbU. 

AtBRRT  Smith's  Ascest  of  Mont  Blafo 
(4'»  S.  iv.  301.)  —  Is  not  the  word  WmtitMt 
meant  for  Vamittnri,  Lord  Boxlev's  family  name  f 
P.  A.  L. 
"TnBRB  WERE  Three  Ladies  PtiTraa  at 
Bali."  ( 1"  S.  vi.  03.)— Thougbl  frequently  refer  to 
the  early  numbers  of  ''  N.  &  Q.,"  it  was  only  i»- 
contly  that  I  noticed  the  inquiry  of  a  correspon- 
dent from  Pbiladelpbin,  who  u^es  the  signature  of 
UsEDA  (vol.  vi.  p.  sn,  July  17,  1&j2),  in  iefeiwi» 
to  an  old  ballad  beginning 

•■  There  were  thrm  Indioi  playing  at  brit," 

of  which  he  was  desirous  of  having  a  copy.    la 


•^S-IV.  So%'.  0,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


397 


the  tiriit  year  of  tho  present  century  (or  eomeirliat 
earlier),  I  henid   what  mas  evidently  the   same 
ballad  aunjr  by  ji  dFjirynmid  in  Cheshire  ;  but  in 
hera  the  lir.>t  verse   was   somewhat  different  from 
the  first  and  only  verso  which  was  quoted  by  your 
correspondent.     IKts  rnii  thus :  — 
■'ThprpWfrcihroplaifiMpl.iTinsat  IjnII, 
GUiver,  Gciille,  nnJ  ItoMmatv ; 
Then  I'anie  throe  kiiiglila  and  looke<l  over  tlie  wall, 

You  will  doubtless  ti'membor  that  there  ia  a 
ballad  commencing— 

"(1.  Kn.srlh"Ri;it,  and  White  LiUy," 
in  the  Miwirtiiii  of  fhe  SaitlUk  Border,  of  which 
the  first  linn  is  probably  the  refrwa  of  the  ballad  I 
have  mtntiont-d.  Should  you  wish,  I  can  send 
vou  n  copy  of  it  either  for  publication  or  foi  I 
yourself.  W.  M,  T.     I 

oat  vikilin;;  »  K\->W.  wi-  ^hollbe  gtadto  receive  a  copv  of 
the  bnllad.— ICi.,  ■■^J,  &  tj."] 

The  Dodo  (4"'  S.  iii.  448 ;  It.  ItW,  2C4.J—  , 
Allow  me  to  add  to  and  correct  a  reference  which  | 
may  perhaps  be  useful  to  others  than  your  corre- 
jpinJeat.  A  "  notice  of  an  original  painting,  in- 
cludiniir  a  fiffure  of  the  dodo,  in  the  collection  of  | 
his  Grace  the  i'>uke  of  Northumberland,  at  Sjon  | 
House,"  by  \A'.  J.  Broderip,  Esq,,  read  at  the 
Zo'ilofrical  Societv  in  April,  IW-I,  is  reported,  with 
a  woudciit,  in  the  Lih-raiij  GaieUe,  Xo.  1881,  for 
\t^i?<.  p.  :>*■").  Refer  to  erratum  in  next  number  ■ 
i>f  it,  p.  410.  Another  woodcut  of  the  bird,  from 
H  picture  in  Mr.  Jlroderip's  poaiession,  is  ^ven  in 
the  same  journal  for  IBJj-J,  p.  :iO;!.  W.  P. 

"  VlOI-BT  ;  OB,  Til  E  D.ISSEUSE  "  (4"'  S.  jv.  176, 
•324. >  —  I  have  to  tlinnk  your  two  correspondents 
for  their  Ptnlenients  as  to  the  authorship  of  the 
above  novel ;  but  llieae  van'  so  absolutelv,  while 
at  leai't  one  of  thi'ui  is  put  in  such  a  posiliTe  form, 
thitt  the  question  cunnot  be  pronounced  settled.  I 
met  the  lute  Mr.  John  LaoR  (Mr,  N.  Raiwliffb's  i 
"can<lidntii")on  several  occasions  about  fifteen  to  I 
d^rbteen  vearTiajro  in  London,  at  which  time  he  was 
publishinfT  a  si^rinl  tolo  in  Fra/fr  called  "  Emily 
Orford,"  which  1  rend,  and  of  vthich  I  have  since  ' 
seen  a  chnap  reprint  reclirislened  T/ie  Forgcr't  \ 
Wi/f.  He  wn'to  another  tale,  which  I  have  not  ' 
reaii,  but  have  also'cen  in  a  "railway"  form,  called  i 
Tiki  CleriT  hy  IMf.  "Emily  Orford"  bad  de-  ; 
cidr'd  merits  whii^h  impressed  me,  but  is  not  to  be  i 
compared  to  Violet  (first  published  sorae  twenty 
Tears  earlier)  either  in  power  or  finish.  I  belieye 
ilr.  I.imir'''  friend:*  will  all  remember  hira  as 
hnrin^r  bi-en  liberallv  endowed  with  what  may  be 
callrd  "conversational  (.-low."  Does  Mr.  Rad- 
CLIFFR  know  e:caclly  with  what  degree  of  serions- 
ness  Mr.  Lang  claimed  the  authorship  of  Violet 
(if   the   claim'   was  his),   and    what    supportiag 


evidence  e:tist8  P  The  cheap  republication  of 
Fiolet  was  made  in  18C2.  If  Mr.Xang  was  not 
still  living  at  that  date,  it  is  yet  strange  that  some 
friend  did  not  then  claim  for  him  the  authorship 
of  a  book  the  interest  of  which  revived  so  much 
on  its  reappearance  as  to  elicit  marked  notice  in 

I  The  Times  and  elsewhere. 

j  On  the  other  hand,  the  statement  of  H.  91.  as 
to  the  real  author  (the  step-daughter  of  Lord 
Brougham)  is  in   harmony  with  rumours  which 

,  have  certamly  been  some  time  afloat,  and  which 

I  would  be  of'^a  kind  so  far-fetched,  if  pure  inven- 
tion, that  their  value  ^cema  much  enhanced  when 
repeated  in  this  more  definite  form.  A  word^tn 
the  lady,  who  it  seems  ia  still  living,  would  settle 
this   claim!    '"'hile   even   her    continued   silenca 

I  might  now  perhaps  almost  be  considered  signifi- 
cative. D,  G.  R. 

\  There  are  two  very  posidvo  and  comically 
eontradictorr  statements  at  the  page  referred  to, 
regarding  tie  authorship  of  this  book.  "  Joha 
Lang,  Eaq.,Barri8ter-at-Law,"  certainly  did  write 
I  other  novela  or  novelettes,  and  as  certainly  (I 
I  should  say)  did  not  write  "Violet,"  or  probably 
anything  else  that  a  young  lady  might,  could, 
would,  or  should  have  written.  But  it  was  the 
custom  in  Indian  papers  formerly  to  give  a  kind  of 
feiiUleton,  and  when  Lang  edited  the  MofutiiUle, 
atMeerut,some  twenty  or  twenty-two  years  ago,! 
recollect  that  he  reprinted  "  Violet "  in  successive 
numbers  of  his  paper.  This  may  probably  be  the 
origin  of  Mb.  Radclhte's  assertion.  I  remember 
that  Lang  in  the  same  way  reprinted  Tumu-'t 
Journey  to  Tibet.  But  he  certainly  was  not  the 
author  of  that. 

For  a  sample  of  w]iat  he  rfifi  write,  see  a  clever 
Australian  story  in  Frnser,  circa  1852  or  1863, 
name  forgotten.  II.  Y. 

DrsiNO  wim  Dl-kb  IIcmphrbt  (4'*  S.  iv. 
313,)— Surely  to  dine  with  this  excellent  duke  ia 
to  take  your  crust  to  the  Bodleian  when  you 
have  got  nothing  better  to  eat,  and  there  consume 
it  contentedly  in  a  comer  of  hie  library  over  soma 
ofthestoresofmentalpabulum  provided — eratwhila 
at  least — by  hiabounty.^From  my  cell  in  y' good 
Duke's  Lib.,  Oct.  IB,  1860,  ^  an  hour  after  one  of 
the  clock.  IliLTOv  HKSBUKiri. 

MOBTUUB,  E.VRL  OF  MiRCH  (4">  S,  iv.  330.) — 
Did  Sir  John  Mortimer  survive  until  1427-8,  or 
was  he  beheaded  in  1424  P  Earl  Edmund  died 
at  Trim  Castle,  Jan.  19,  1425 ;  so  that  if  John 
were  then  dead,  A.  H.'s  query  is  answered  by  tho 
facts.  I  do  not  know  why  tne  date  of  Edmund'a 
death  ia  always  given  a  year  too  early,  but  to  it 
ia  by  the  majority  of  writers.       HsainimusB. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Not.  * '(It 


SaiiattanrauM- 


THE  I^ATB  JOHN  BBOCE,  ESQ-,  F.B.A. 
Thoie  only  who  knEw  Iha  more  Ihao  brolherlj- 
nflcction  whieh  hnj,  fur  upwards  of  a  quarter  of  a 
raalarj'.lKiuDd  toijether  Uie  writer  of  Ihese  linei  aiid 
the  late   J.ihh  Biiuce,  c«q  fathom  the   deptii   of 

ow  with  wbicli  wo  recard  that  bis  UMful  aod 
blameless  life  was  Biiddenly  brooght  to  a  close  on 
the  evening  ofThureday,  October  28.  What  hia- 
toiical  literature  hu  lost  in  one  whose  rcvsrencB 
far  hiatDric  truth  waa  ag  unboundcil  aa  liis  aearcli 
after  it  waa  iadefatigable  and  well  directed,  and  bis 
accuracy  in  describing  waa  scrupnioul  and  exact, 
may  perhaps  be  better  judged  hereafter.  Wliat 
Ub.  Bruce  has  aceotnplished  may  be  seen  in  the 

;  series  of  papers  contributed  by  him  to  The 
Archaolagia  and  aimilar  records;  in  the  natnberleas 
Tolames  edited  by  him  lor  the  Camden  Society; 

nady  access  to  the  monuments  of  our  national  his- 
toiy,  by  placing  them  within  the  reach  of  all  classci 

of  ttie  man  we  would  speak^the  true  Christian 
gentleman,  whose  spotless  integrity  made  all  respect 
lilm,  wboae  clear  jndgment  made  all  consult  him, 
whose  readiness  to  help  was  only  exceeded  by  his 
ability,  whose  genial  temperament  won  the  hearts 
of  all  who  came  into  coDlsct  Trilh  him;  while  the 
warmth  and  alDcerlty  of  his  friendship  made  him 
loved  by  all  who  had  the  good  fortone  to  number 
I  among  their  friends,  and  made  thoae  who  knew 
liim  longest  love  him  best. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  ETC. 
Favy  iand;  a  Stria  ofPiclurrifna  lie  Elf-World,  by 

Richard  Doyle.     Willi  a  Potm  6y  Richard  AUinghani. 

(Longmans.) 

The  sight  of  thii— the  lirst  trift-boak  of  the  season,  the 
herald  that  annonncts  the  approach  of  Christmas — is  a 
eight  to  gladden  (he  liearts  not  only  of  the  youthful 
public,  for  whom  it  has  been  more  immediately  prepared, 
but  of  alt  who  love  to'  believe  "  the  antique  fables  and 
the  fairy  toys"  of  which  Shakespeare  aad  Drayton  de- 
lighted to  treat.  Of  a  truth,  nnt  Mab  alone,  the  fairies- 
midwife,  but  t.  whole  troop  of  little  atomica  must  have 
galloped  through  tho  brain  of  Mr.  Doyle,  and  guided  his 
nimble  pencil  as  he  portrayed— we  had  almost  written 
betrayed— to  our  wondering  eyes  these  fantajtic  pictures 
of  the  freaks  anil  pranks  of  the  elfin  world.  Be  that  aa 
it  may,  the  drawings  are  graceful  and  imaginative,  and 
80  replete  with  toacbcs  of  grotesque  humour  as  to  justify 
the  appUcatioa  to  them  of  the  old  phrase  "  full  of  fun 
and  fancy."  Kor  has  Mr.  Alllngbain  done  his  share  of 
the  work  less  satisfactorily.  Horrick  and  the  older 
masters  have  tanght  him  the  ring  and  rhythm  of  fairy 
Terses,  and  his  muse  here  sliows  herself  a  "  tricksey  spirit," 
imder  whose  guidance  his  lines  trip  most  featly.  Gift- 
makers  of  tho  Gradgrind,  or  matter-of-fact  school,  are 
hereby  duly  warned  that  tfiis  work  will  not  suit  theii 
viewa.    But  for  that  wiser  race  who  bold  the  imagitia- 


tion  to  be  a  preciouj  gift  to  be  cared  for  anl  BOntidNd, 
fairy  La»d  la  the  book  of  all  othen  foi  ■  r.hflMw 

CkurchaaTdeiti  AecmmU  tiftht  Torii  ofLudlam,  U  Bkrcf 
ihirc,frvi»\&V)talhit»dofthtJtBgM€f_<tiMm  "™— 
btth.     Edittdfrom  the  Origimil  Vniwin-ipt  if  1 


Jiety.) 

Not  only  as  a  contribution  to  Local  Hiatm?  tm  flw 
light  it  throws  upn  the  condition  of  Lndlow  and  Ik* 
status  of  its  inhabitants  during  the  period  towUAit 
refers,  but  as  an  illustration  of  the  changei  in  the  ft» 
of  worship  introduced  into  a  large  parish  charch  •>  ^ 
period  of  religious  transition,  Ihia  new  voluma  01  tm 
Camden  Society  publications  is  an  intensting  eantiU» 
tbn  to  our  ecdeaiaslical  history.  The  ■econnta  oiB. 
monce  at  the  very  dawn  of  the  Bebrmation ;  fin  ftw 
years  before,  many  of  the  lesser  monasteriei  had  bMBdi- 
solved,  and  in  the  very  year  fhjm  which  tbn*  MSMOM 
date,  the  others  followed  the  same  fate.  During  tta  i^ 
mainder  of  Henrv's  reign  Ludlow  church  witnaned  tfa* 
ornate  worship  of  the  Church  of  Rome;  and  the  flntt** 
years  of  his  succession  saw  but  little  change,  bnt  tha  M- 
counts  of  the  two  years  which  follow  are  ailed  with  drtldb 
of  the  pulling  down  and  sale  of  images  and  tabeniaeb*,  ai^ 
the  getting  rid  of  the  accessories  of  the  Romiah  onvmoBlu 

T- 1 .. —  ..  .1.,  gia  fonj,  of  wonhiparatt- 

but  during  tht  following  nin 
npletely  the  Reformed  nlioM 
was  established,  nnlil  towards  the  close,  whra  1MB 
troubles  arose  destined  to  end  in  the  tamponuy  MOW 
daney  of  Turitanism.  The  book  Is  renderM  moraeoM- 
plele'and  useful  by  an  Appendix  containing— L  EzbiM 
from  Churchwardens'  Accountsfroro  1675  to  UOOi  U.  Ba- 
marks  on  the  History  of  Paws;  III.  A  List  of  tbaLgcM 
and  Obsolete  Words  found  in  the  accounts,  and  ■  oi^icai 
Index  of  Kames,  &c. 


a  Mary's  reign  ^ 


GeOROe  Vere  Ihv 


„..  .^ „,Es«.,F.3.A.,ScOT.— DMatW 

emoved  many  honoured  names  ttom  tha  U  rf 
Qds  and  contributors.  The  last  of  whom  w*  hn« 
been  thus  deprived  is  Gkorqe  Verb  Ihviso,  G«q.,  <f 
Newton,  Lanarkshire,  the  only  son  of  the  late  Alaxante, 
Lord  ::fewtoii,  who  died  at  his  residence,  No.  6,  St.  Hlrit^ 
Crescent,  Regent's  Park,  on  Friday,  Octobac  29,  agil 
fifly-three.  The  lamented  gentleman  waa  a  Fdlow  g( 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Scoliand,  and  author  of  tt* 
"  Anhajological  and  Historical  Section  of  the  Upper  Wari 
of  Lanarkshire  " — a  valuable  contribution  to  the  HUmj 
of  Scotland -and  of  many  valuable  papera  itt  thgnealoHll. 
Mn,  Ikvixo  was  not  only  an  accomplished  acholu,  m 
a  man  possesMd  of  many  social  qualities  whidi  '  ' 
him  to  a  large  circle  of  friends,  by  whom  hil  ■ 
tively  early  death  will  bo  deeply  mouruad. 

KoM.is  F,xPLOR\TiOT«  FtiSD,- The  last 
this  fund  shows  a  considerable  deHcit,  and  M>.  JoHV 
Hkhry  Fahker,  of  Oxford,  the  Treasurer,  stalw  tbit 
the  works  are  suspended  for  want  of  means,  and ' 


d  by  those  who  ate 


addition  is  mads  to  tha 

the  object.    Hahaa 

from  the  Pontiiical  O 

made  airangementa  i 


of  the  Monastorr  of  St.  Gregory,    The  n 
;  to  have  the  pit  ra-opeaed,  and  left  omii  K 
t  remnneration  is  made  to  tham.    i,  la  tbi 


4«»'  S.  IV.  Nov.  6,  '69.3 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


399 


Piscina  Publica,  where  one  of  the  pits  is  left  open  for  the 
present,  but  roust  soon  be  closed  unless  more  fnnds  are 
fbrthcoming.  4.  At  the  Thermfe  of  Antoninus  Caracalla, 
between  the  roaiii  building  and  the  road,  where  the 
porticus  is  situated.  In  all  these  cases  the  ground  might 
be  left  open,  as  at  Pompeii,  if  the  necessary  fnnds  could 
be  furnished.  The  work  must  either  be  gone  on  with 
this  winter,  or  altogether  abandoned,  and  it  is  very 
doubtful  whether  such  opportunities  will  ever  occur  again. 
Mr.  J.  H.  Parker  is  very  desirous  to  know,  before  he 
returns  to  Rome  for  the  winter,  what  funds  he  can  cal- 
culate upon.  Donations  to  the  Roman  Fund  can  be  paid 
to  the  account  of  the  British  Archaeological  Society,  at 
Messrs.  Coutts  &  Co.,  58,  Strand,  London. 

The  Australian'  Press. — At  the  General  Exhibition 
held  at  Melbourne,  in  18G6,  a  copy  of  the  first  newspaper 
published  at  Port  Philip  found  a  place  among  the  literary 
curiosities  set  before  the  public.  It  was  the  Melbourne 
Advertiser  of  March  5,  1838.  According  to  the  Melbourne 
Argus  it  was  a  small  and  in  every  way  unique  newspaper, 
sufficing  for  the  wants  of  the  leading  and  business  men  of 
the  colony  —wants  now  supplied  bv  three  daily  and  a 
host  of  weekly  journals.  In  the  exhibited  number  of  the 
Advertiser  some  of  the  difficulties  of  the  proprietor  (and 
editor)  were  made  known  to  its  readers.  lie  says :  "  We 
beg  the  public  to  excuse  this  our  first  appearance,  in  the 
absence  of  the  compositor  who  was  engaged.  We  were 
under  the  necessity  of  trusting  our  first  number  to  a 
Vandemonian  youth  of  eighteen,  and  this  lad  only  worked 
at  his  business  about  a  year,  from  his  tenth  to  his  eleventh, 
1830  to  1831.  Next  the  honest  printer,  from  whom  the 
type  was  bought,  has  swept  up  all  his  old  waste  letter 
and  called  it  type ;  and  we  at  present  labour  under 
many  wants.  We  have  not  even  as  much  as  pearl-ash 
to  clean  the  dirty  type."  At  present,  of  course  owing  to 
the  changing  and  improving  state  of  the  colony,  there  is 
as  much  difference  in  the  press  of  1838  and  that  of  1861 
113  the  Port  Philip  of  the  former  and  the  Victoria  of  the 
latter  date. 

Archbishop  Leigiiton*s  Works. — The  Rev.  William 
West,  of  St.  Columba's,  Nairn,  whose  edition  of  Leighton*s 
**  Sermons  and  Charges  "  we  commended  to  the  notice  of 
our  readers  some  time  since,  has  issued  an  earnest  appeal 
to  "devout  Christians  and  thoughtful  men  of  every 
school"  for  encouragement  and  support  in  carrj'ing  on 
the  great  work  he  has  undertaken,  of  publishing  a  com- 
plete edition  of  Leighton's  Works,  with  a  new  Life  of  that 
excellent  man.  Surely,  at  a  time  of  such  religious  acti- 
vity as  the  present,  this  appeal  will  not  be  made  in  vain. 

The  Byron  Scandal. — Dr.  Lushington's  continued 
silence  on  this  subject  is  in  no  respect  attributable  to 
his  ago  or  impaired  health,  his  intellect  being  remarkably 
<  Icar  and  vigorous ;  nor  does  he  shun  allusions  to  the 
subject^  although  he  declines  to  state  whether  Lady  Byron 
<lid  or  did  not  make  the  horrible  charge  stated  by  Mrs. 
Stowe.  The  second  edition  of  the  Quarterly  Review  has  a 
postscript  to  the  artick'  on  Byron,  containing  some  new 
and  important  facts  connected  with  this  painful  subject. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 
wanted  to  purchase. 

rartirnlar*  <jf  Triix,  &■"..  of  the  f.-llowinjc  Booki  to  be  fent  illrect  to 
tl.<-  ;roiiClenK>n  by  wluun  they  arc  rc<iuirvd,  whose  names  and  addreMea 
arc  tfivcn  Iwr  that  puriKi.-c:  — 
Jafk  ok  Thkrksa  or  Ji:su>.    Antwerp,  ICll. 

MlSiiAl.K  Al<;tS'IKNSK. 

Bi:kvi.\i:ium  Lkchmunsr. 

F'iEi-i»i  Vi's    NVouKs.    Vcl.  II.    Ix^ndon:  Millar,  ircrt. 

Karly  MSS. 

En;;lit«h  ditto,  perfect  or  imperfect. 

Wanted  by  Kev.  J.  C.  ./ii-  /lv»,  13,  Manor  Terrace,  Amherrt  Road, 

Ilatkucy,  N.E. 


8UBTXXS*  HlSTORT  OT  DUBHAX.    4  Voli. 

HoOD*8  OWN;  or,  LauffhtCT  fttmi  Tear  to  Tear.    1899. 

CLirmiRBDCK'S  HiSTOBT  or  UBBTFOKDBHiaK.    3  Voll. 

MoBjurr'8  HiSTOBT  or  Essbx.   l  Vob. 
Whitakbb's  Hiotobt  or  Cbavbv. 

Bbwick'8  Watbb  Bibds.   Imperial  Svo. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  ThomoM  Beet,  Bookseller,  U,  Conduit  Street^ 

Bond  Street.  W. 


A  PULinSPRBBX  rOB  ASTBOLOOBBS. 
Any  Old  **  Almanack!  *'  or  Worki  on  Astrology. 
Yah  Hblicokt's  Alphabbt  or  Naturi. 
Cabltlb's  Tbaxslatioms.    Tait,  1827. 

WOBD8WORTH*8  POBTIGAL  WOBKH.     6  Vols.     1857. 

Actobioubapht  or  a  Dissurruio  Ministbb,  by  Dr.  Charle* 
Lloyd.    1813. 

Wanted  by  .Vr.  T.  MiUard,  38,  Ludgate  HiU. 


fiatitti  ta  CavxtipavLtstnti. 

Umtbbsal  Catalooub  or  Abt  Books.  AU  Additians  and  Cor- 
rf4:tiona  Mhould  be  ttddrtsted  to  the  Editor ,  South  Ken$iftgton  Mu$eum^ 
London^  W. 

We  have  been  compelled  this  week  to  abridge  our  uawii  Notes  on  Books 
^c,  ntui  to  neglect  many  Correspondents,  to  whom  we  will  shortly 
reply, 

F.  C.  Rcribbleomania;  or,  the  Printer's  Dcvirs  Polychronicon,  a 
sublime  Poem,  1815,  is  by  W.  //.  Ireland. 

H.  A.  P.  The  line  **  Thouph  lost  to  sight,  to  metnory  dear,"  has  baffled 
the  researches  of  the  literati  qf  England  and  America.  Sec  "  N.  ft  Q.** 
8rd  8.  i.  77, 161. 

M.  E.  D.  (DawlUk.t  The  number  seven,  as  a  sacred,  symbolical,  and 
mystical  number,  has  been  discussed  in  **  N.  ft  Q."  1st  S.  v.  A3S,  586, 617. 

H.  Clarkb,  Jn^.  **  The  encrusted  tiles  **  noticed  anti,  p.  378,  toe  tabe 
to  be  decorated  paving  tiles  coated  upon  the  upper  surface  with  a  li^id 
glaze. 

**  Notes  ft  Qubbibs  "  is  registered  for  trammlsdon  abroad. 


arOTB  PAVBB. 

Manufactured  and  sold  only  hy 

PARTRIDGE  AND   COOPER, 
192,  Fleet  Street,  coiner  of  Chanceiy  Lane. 


BonsB  Pafsb  will  be  found  to  possess  these  peculiarities  compjately, 


being  made  from  the  best  linen  rags  only,  possessing  great  tenadtr  and 
durability,  and  presenting  a  surikoe  equally  well  adapted  for  quill  or 


steel  pen. 


Sample  Packet  post  free  for  19  stamps. 


««*  The  Public  are  cautiobbo  against  noTAnoBS  of  this  inoom- 
panible  paper. 

THE  PRETTIEST  GIFT  for  a  LADY  is  one  of 
JONES'S  GOLD  LEVERS,  at  11/.  lis.  For  a  OENTLEMAN, 
one  at  lOf.  IQs.  Kewarded  at  the  International  Exhibition  for  **  Chc^^ 
ness  of  Produeti(»." 


Hanulkctory,  338,  Strand,  opposite  Somerset  House. 


M 


ANILA    CIGARS.  —  MESSRS.   VENNING    & 

CO.,  of  17,  EAST  INDIA  CHAMBERS,  have  Just  reodTed  a 

C'onsignment  of  No.  5  MANILA  CIOARS,  in  excellent  ooodition.  in 
Boxes  of  500  eadi.  Price  37s.  6d.  per  Box.  Orders  to  be  acoompankd* 
by  a  remittance. 

N.B.  Sample  Box  of  100, 8*. 


LAHPLOTTGH'S 
PTBETIC     SALIHE 

Has  peculiar  and  remarkable  properties  in  Headache,  Sea,  or  BIUoiis 
Sidcneas.  prerenting  and  curing  Hay,  Scarlet,  and  other  Fevers,  and  Is 
admitted  by  all  users  to  form  the  most  agreeable,  portable,  TitalisiBC 
Summer  Bererage.    Sold  by  most  chymists,  ard  tlie  maker, 
H.  LAMPLOUGH,  113,  Holbom  HiU,  London. 

LUXURIANT  WHISKERS  and  MOUSTACHES. 
Hundreds  can  now  testily  to  the  wonderflal  success  of 
FOX'S  NOTED  FORMULA, 

Which  guarantees  Whiskers,  ftc.,  to  grow  iieavOy  six  weeks  to  the- 
smuotliest  foce  without  injuring  tlie  skin,  and  a  snro  Remedy  for  BiU- 
uess.    13  stamps. 

MR.  J.  FOX,  Macdesfleld,  Cheshire, 

Caution  I— ^otc  Name  and  Address. 


400 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


C«h  S.  lY.  Hot.  6,  W. 


SHORT   SUMMARY  OF   THE  POSITION 

OF  TIIK 

PRUDENTIAL   ASSURANCE   COMPANY, 

02,  LUDGATE  HILL,  LONDON,  E.C.; 


The  Annual  Premium  Income  of  the  Company'  at  the  dose  of  1868  was  £220,078  Os.  lOdL,  abA  the  totd 
amount  Assured,  £4,882,197. 

THE  BUSINESS  IS  DIYIDED  UNDER  T^VO   HEADS: — 

let — ^The  General  or  Ordinary  Business,  being  the  same  as  that  transacted  by  other  CompaiiiM. 
2nd — The  Industrial  or  Working-Class  Assurances. 

The  Premium  Income  of  the  General  Business  was  £52,432,  and  the  sum  Assured 
£1,662,060.  The  present  value  of  the  liability  of  this  Branch  by  the  Carlisle  3  per  Cent.  Tables, 
Uuowing  off  the  entire  loading,  was £180,881  xB  8 

The  Premium  Income  of  the  Industrial  Branch  was  £168,546,  the  sum  Assured  £3,169,287, 
and  the  Estimated  Reserve 50,000  0  0 


£180.888  U  8 


The  liability  of  the  Industrial  Brandi  does  not  admit  of  being  estimated  in  the  same  way  as 
that  of  the  General  Branch,  on  account  of  the  very  large  proportion  of  Policies  which  constantly 
lapse,  so  that  the  bulk  of  the  assurances  are,  in  fact,  risks  for  short  terms  only ;  the  estimated  reserve 
for  the  liabilities  of  this  Branch  uf  the  business  is  shown  by  the  result  of  14  years*  experience  to  be 
abimdantly  sufficient. 

The  Assurance  Fund  on  31st  December,  1868,  was 

The  average  duration  of  the  whole  of  the  Industrial  Policies  was  considerably  imder  three  years. 

The  average  age  of  the  Assured  in  the  Industrial  Branch  was  19  years. 


£841,80118  4 


H.  HARDEN,  SBtfnimf. 

*,*  A  detailed  List  of  Assets  may  be  had  on  application. 


TaluaUc  Fttintinga,  Dmrinici,  Encravinga,  Emrravod  Steel  Plates,  &c. 

"IfESSBS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL  by 

Jrl  AUCTION,  At  their  ITmiK,  47,  liCice^ter  8qiimre.  W.C.,  on 
WEDNESDAY,  Ncnrvmber  10,  and  following  diur.  a  Collection  of 
ValnaUe  PAINTINOS,  tj  Ancient  and  Modem  Masten ;  including; 
Bumjr  fine  ezamplei  bpr  celebrated  artist*,  a  few  bcantiAil  Water-colour 
I>rmwlnfr*,  flramed  and  in  the  portfolio,  and  a  laxve  quantity  of  Enicrav- 
ingi  in  all  claMc*. 

Catalopics  sent  on  receipt  of  two  stamiM. 


SAKE  BOOKS.— Shakespearo,  First  ik^tion,  Polim 
16S:  Nichols's  Illstoiy  of  Leicester;  Tonosmphsri  I 
lu;  Work  A  by  Retif  de  la  Bretonne;  BellM  £et&M|  «« 
Poetry.    Curious  Asttemblaffc  of  Jest,  Wit.  Bon  Mots,  ftc.  U«  a 
in  a  NEW  CATALOGUEjust  issued  by  THOMAS  BE£T,  15, 
Street,  Bond  Street,  London,  W.    PostmefitrtWD  ' 


Extcnsire  Collection  of  Books,  including  the  First  Portion  of  the 
Stock  of  Mr.  £.  Palmer,  of  Paternoster  Row Eight  Days'  Sale. 

MESSRS.  PUTTICK  &  SIMPSON  will  SELL  by 
AUCTION,  at  their  House,  47,  Leicester  Square.  W.C.,  on 
[7RSDAY,  Not.  IS,  and  following  days  (Sunday  excepted),  an  Ex- 
tensive Collection  of  Books,  in  all  classes  of  literature,  the  libran-  of 
an  admiral  deceased,  the  library  of  a  lady  of  title,  ftc.;  also  the  Firrtt 
Portion  of  the  Stock  uf  Theological  and  Miscellaneous  Books  of  Mr.  E. 
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Catalogues  sent  on  ivceipt  of  two  stamps. 

HR.  FORREST,  Antiquar}-.— Old  Books,  Prints, 
•  and  Curiosities  boueht  and  sold  on  Commissian.  Shakspearian 
and  other  Iliuntrations  on  Sale No.  62,  Lower  King  Street,  Man- 
chester. 


TIC R.  HOWARD,  Snrgeon-Dontist,  52,  Fleet 

iVL  has  introduced  an  entirely  new  desorlptioK  of  ABnVIQIAL 
TEETH,  fixed  without  springs,  wires,  or  ligatarMt  thej  so  pMi^ 
resemble  the  natural  teeth  as  not  to  be  distlngnlshcd  ftum  tha  on^m 
by  the  closest  obseryeri  tkfff  will  never  ekeuve  eoUmr  or  dM 
will  be  found  superior  to  anjr  teeth  ever  before  used.  Thb 
doi-s  not  require  the  extraction  of  roots  or  any  painftal 

will  support  and  prei«rve  teeth  that  are  looas,  and  Is     

restore  articulation  and  nmstication.    Decayed  teeth  itaHwd 
dcrcd  sound  and  uscfUl  in  mastication.— Si,  Fleet  Stn«t. 

n*  At  Home  teotn  M  till  & 


A  UTOaRAPHS.— 0.   A.  SCHULZ'S,  of    Leipzig, 

.r\  NEW  LIST  of  a  Valuable  COLLECTION  of  AUTOOILVPH 
LETTERS  of  Famoiifi  Princes,  Renowne<l  Warriors,  and  Celebrated 
Statesmen,  fVom  the  15th  to  the  19th  Cvntur}-.    Post  fVue  lor  one  stamp. 

D.  Nl'TT,  270,  Strand,  r»nd«>n. 

WOOLWICH,  &c. — A  Pupil  wanted  as  Companion 
to  another  (who  is  likely  to  pass  crcditabb')  rcadiuR  with  Mr. 
Edward  B.  Goodwin  (Caiu-i  College,  Cambridin').  Preparation  for  other 
Examination*!.  Terms  moderate.  lli^hoMt  reftrcnecs. — Adilress,  319, 
Camden  Road,  N. 

THE  MESMKRIC  INFIRMARY,  :JG,  Weymouth 
Street,  W.  (iHierc  many  caws  deemed  inrurable  are  cured),  much 
needs  sui»|iort.  Inapcction  is  invited  trvm  10  to  12.30.  The  Council 
have  plwed  the  Institution  under  the  Control  of  TIIOS.  CHANDLER, 
ESQ.,  M.R.C.S.,  who  has  had  nearly  40  years'  exjierienoc  in  Mesmerlim 
i^u  Ncnrous  Diseases.    ConsulUtions,  gratuitous,  till  10.30 ;  private, 

§111  lS«3v« 


DENTISTRY. 

■  ■■SB.  oABmxa&. 

(ESTABLISHED  181&.) 

London :  6G,  Harlcy  Street,  Cavcndiah  Sqam^  W. 

London:  64,  Lndgate  Hill,  E.C. 

Liverpool :  134,  Duke  Street. 

Brighton :  38,  North  Street. 

*'  Mcssfj!.  Gabriel  arc  particulorlr  successful  In  thetr  ayitiin  of  Arti- 
ficial Teeth,  whirh  they  fix  firmly  in  the  mouth  by  maem»  of  ■■  Ela^le 
Gum  witliout  springs,  painlessly,  and  witliout  any  operation.**— JlcraW. 
"  Invaluable  to  clerg}-men,  public  oraton,  «ud  faiTaUda.** 

CowrtJcmrmalm 

^Vlll'^'J'^  ANT)  SOUND  TEIiTTH.— JEWSBUBY 

T  T      and   imOWN'S  ORIENTAL  TOOTH   FAfTnE^  i^aHMafl. 
by  forty  ycani' exiwrience, as  the  best  Presenratlw  ftir  tlM TMkMft 

gums. 

The  Original  and  only  Genuine  Is  Is.  &/.  and  Ss.  6d.  per  yoL 

113,  MARKET  STREET,  MAKCHE8TEK. 
And  by  Agents  throughout  (he  Klatdom  and  Ool 


4»S.1V.  Nov,  13, '89.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


LONDOX,  SATUnOAr,  NOVEMBER  13,  186». 

COXTCNTS.— N"  98. 

in)TES:-Ciinilirid(re,101-HonricLKIc!iies:  Iho  PBioily 
ofLOTB.Mt  — Coriitsli  and  WelBh,40S- l)r.  PnnkLiu  on 
tho  VovamofAUini™!  Birtholomew  de  Pante,  JS.— Bogie- 
CHTliKe— I^nddinirtDn  AliDHhousea— Mmriue  Announce- 
meiits  —  Tho  Eiirl  o(  Warwick  —  Tho  BUrer  Vut  — 
NvoloRiim  —  Emplojreo  —  Cbsuccr ;  "  Smoterlich  "  —  Fdl 
or  Dunbar  C«stle,  407. 

QLEBIESt  — AnoD.vmoiiB  —  Anlhor  wanted  —  The  Bot, 
Gcorgo  Bennet  —  Tho  irmi  of  Bess  ot  Hardwicko  — 
Armorial  Book-plalf  s  — BooIib  prinled  bv  Jacnrd  and 
Biouiit  -  Cai^lontro  -  IX-foa'a  "  HlMor?  of  thB  Devil "  ~ 
Dinner  Cuatom  —  Ediel.  Biizie  —  Giiyie  —  Ulitorlcal 


>jd.  Thorpe)  Qrantanbiycge,  Grantabrjcge,  Gnn- 


Pomphrttt  Mitboumo  — Hector.  Duke  of  Montelcone  — 
PhcBnii  Island  —  Plant  Nama  —  Tommial :  "Lite  ot 
Couar  Borgia,"  Ac.,  *M. 
QOBEiii  WITH  Abbwbhbi  — Mlra  — John  Brlnslej  —  Hos- 
trum  —  Shakspeare  Bill  of  Fare—  Henr;  Tbomai  Bnekle 
—  Earldom  of  Essei  — Cardinal  Polignao's  " Antl-Luore- 
tluB"-Aniateur  Authors'  Club,  411. 


a.' 


-Thn  \l 


t.  Carm.  i.  fl 


polls," 


0  Uacko- 
aoRingor 


MariTine,  +17  — Tartar  King—  Henrr , 

Heard  -  Xatural  -  Biblical  Heraldry  —  Rrlbm  Canle  — 
"Eecognilio  Futura"  — John  Kemp,  Arohblsliop  of  Can- 
terbury—  Leadon  Gonibs  —  Amioia,  Daughter  of  Hugh 
Bevelioc  — '-Still  Waters  run  Deep"— Btaor—Bt.Alke^a 
-  Old  French  Words,  Att,  «8. 
Notes  on  Books.  Ac 


finted.  I 

CAMBRIDGE.  ' 

An  article  of  mine  conlftining  a  theory  u  to  the 
oriKiD  of  the  name  Cambridge  appeared  in  TAs 
Athertieum  of  June  12,  in  answer  to  two  prerioua 
atticlee  on  the  Bubject.  The  theory  is  that  Grsn- 
tabridge  (Grantabrycge),  the  Anglo-Saion  name 
of  the  town,  has  graduallj  became  corrupted  into 
Cambridge;  the BuccessiTechanseB  being Grantft' 
bridffe,  Crantabridge,_  or  Gantabridge  (according  i 
as  the  change  of  G  into  C  preceded  or  followed 
the  dropping  of  the  r),  Cantabridge,  Cantbridge. 
Canbridge,  Cambridge.  At  the  time  I  put  forwwd 
the  theory  (which,  bj  the  way,  I  hare  mace 
found,  though  perhaps  less  diBductly  enimdated, 
in  Dyer's  Histmy  of  Cambridge  (1814,  pp.  60, 61), 
the  only  facta  I  could  adduce  in  support  of  it 
were  that  the  town  had  undoubtedly  once  bome 
the  name  of  Grnntabridge ;  that  ite  Latin  name 
19  atill  Cautabrigia ;  and  that  Chaucer  calls  it 
Cantebrigge.  SubBec(uently,  however,  I  made  in- 
vestigations which  furnished  me  with  &cta  which, 
to  me  at  leaat,  seem  strongly  to  support  tb« 
theory.     These  facta  are  the  following ; — 

In  Asser's  Hidory  of  Alfred  (and  of  ninth  oen> 
tury)  I  find  (Monumenta  Hittoriec  Britatmiea, 
published  byOovemment,  1848,  p.  478,  0,D)  the 
loim  Grantebncge. 

In  the  Anglo-Saxon  ChnmicU  (pobably  until- 
twelM  century)  the  town  ia  oalled  (pea  lalax, 


■:theIwerduB  (end  of  tenth  century)  I  find 
.Von.  Hi$t.  lirit.  p.  SIS  A)  Grant&nbricge. 

In  Domesday  Book  (a,d.  lOSO-1086)  I  find 
ijlrentebrige  and  Orentebrig«scire. 

In  Florence  of  Worcester  (end  of  elerenth,  bfr- 
ffinning  of  twelfth  century)  I  find  (M.  H.  B. 
{i.668C)Grantebrycgetwice{  also  Gran  tebricgeie 
(p.  686  D),  Grantebricge  (p.  686  D),  whilst  the 
Latin  adjectival  forms,  GrantebricgenaiB  and  Gran- 
tebrigensis,  occur  in  pp.  686  D,  604  C,  644  A. 

In  Simeon  of  Durum  (end  of  eleventh,  begti^ 
tdng  of  twelfth  centurT,  a  few  yean  later  un 
Florence  of  Worcerter),'  I  find  (ibid.  p.  681,  A.  V) 
the  form  Grantabric ;  and  Boaworth  quotes  from 
liim  also  the  forms  GTanthebrige,  Gnntebrigeb 

In  HeniT  of  Himtingdon  (nuddle  of  twelMi 
<»ntni7)  I  find  (ibid.  p.  t»3  A,  lib.  I.)  Cantal^ii, 
with  another  rradingGrantebrigia;  also(p.69SA, 
lib.  l)  Cantebrigeayre,  with  the  variants  Oranto- 
))rigesyre,  Kantahrigesire j  (p.  739  C,  lib.  T^ 
Otentebnge,  (p.  748  A)  Cantabrigi^  (p.  763  O, 
lib.  VI.)  Grantebrigescire,  Gnntebngienms,  and 
!  (p.  753  D)  Grantebrige. 
I      L)  GeoffieyGumai  (middle  of  twelfth  oeatmy) 

I  find  Obid,  p.  808)  Gnatebrim. 
I      In  Benediot  of  Peterborongfi  (abont  kJt.  1177) 
I  I  find  (ed.  Stubbs,  1807)  CanteWedtiun,  viA 
I  mother  reading  Orantebngesinim  (voL  i.  p.  4K)  | 
j  and  (iKd.  pp.  107,  238)  Cantebrigesire. 


In  B(^;er  of  Hovenden  (end  of  twelfth  oentmj) 

'"   '"    " "" '») 

^     ■  =   .    •id.pp.74jr6,Bfl,131,th» 

arantebrigenns ;  also  the  Lat.  form  Grants- 


9. 74,  Ciru)t«brige ;  ibid.  pp.  74J76, 06,  l! 


bnga  (ibid.  p.  131);  and  (vol  ii.  pp.  87,  190) 
Cantelnigesire.  Bosworth  also  quotes  frcuu  thia 
writer  the  form  Giauntebrigge- 

In  Matthew  Paiia  (first  half  of  thirteenth  oan- 
tuiy)  I  find  (voL  i.  p.  210)  Cantebrogge,  and 
(ToL  ii.  pp.  172, 186)  Cantebrnge. 

In  the  Sofid  LetUr*  of  Batry  III.  (ed.  ShiN 
ley,  1866,)  I  find  in  a  letter  sn^oaed  to  hsra 
been  written  in  1260  (vol  ii.  p.  166)  CantetdgU 
and  Cantcbrigiends. 

In  Bartholomew  Cotton  or  de  Ootbm  Qattn 

Srt  of  thirteenth  century),  who  frequently  copied 
amy  of  Hnnttnedon  alnuwt  word  fbr  won,  I 
find  (ed.  Lnard,  1860,  p.  83)  Cantebrigu  m 
KantebrigensiB,  where  Henry  of  Hnntin^on  has 
Grantebiwe  and  Gnntebrigieniis.  Thiaisimpov 
taot,  u  it  shows  that  the  name  of  the  town 
whid^  in  the  latter  half  of  the  twelth  emtaiy, 
was  wavering  between  OrsnteCbnge)  and  Oaoto* 
(brige),  had,  a  hundred  years  met,  deSnilatjr 
taken  the  form  Oante(bridffa).    I  also  findCaate- 


ecme 

tmy)  I  fi^(edi  Ki^iadt^  V^) 


mniam  BiBhttiger(«>d  of  Oiirteenth  e»- 


402 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«' S.  IV.  Nor.  18,  "eiL 


In  Chaucer  Ca.d.  1328-1400,  probably  about 
1300,)  I  find  {Beve'a  Talcj  line  1)  the  form  Can- 
tebrigge;  and  (ibid,  line  125)  Cantebrige. 

In  Thomas  Walsingham  (fifteenth  century)  I 
find  (ed.  Riley,  1804)  the  forms  Cantebri^ia  (vol.  i. 
p.  297,  vol.  ii.  pp.  82,  213),  Cantebritjfgia  (vol.  ii. 
pp.  5,137,  138,  141,  177,  185,  180).  Cantabrigia 
(voL  ii.  pp.  300,  312,  313,  318,  338),  and  Canti- 
inigia  (vol.  i.  p.  453.) 

In  Capgrave  8  Chronicle  of  England  (a.d.  1394- 
1464)  I  find  (ed.  Ilingeston,  1858)  Cambriggis 
(p.  236),  Cambrigge  (pp.  241,  250,  251),  Cam- 
lirig  (p.  222). 

in  Cooper's  Annals  of  Camhndge  I  find,  from 
A.D.1439  (vol.ii.  p.  3)  -1525,  the  forms  Cambrygge, 
Cambryge,  Cam bryg,  Cambrigge,  Cambrige,  Cam- 
brig;  and  once  (a.d.  1454)  Canterbrigge.*  After 
iuV.  1525  the  name  seems  to  have  been  generally 
spelled  Cambridge,  and  indeed  for  perhaps  twenty 
years  before  this  date,  if  we  can  trust  Mr.  Cooper  s 
extracts  from  the  town  records,  the  present  spell- 
ing would  seem  to  have  been  occasionally  adopted. 

In  addition  to  this  evidence  from  books,  I  nave 
also  the  evidence  of  coins  and  of  a  monumental 
slab. 

Iluding,  in  his  Annals  of  the  Coinage  (q^.  1817), 
says  (vol.  i.  p.  287)  that  the  coins  struck  at  Cam- 
bridge in  the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor 
(1041-1006),  who  had  a  mint  there,  had  on  the 
reverse  Crant.,  and  not  Grant  In  the  time  of 
Willium  Kufus,  however,  it  was  again  Grant.,  as 
it  had  been  generally  before  the  time  of  Edward 
the  Confessor. 

And  'R\ovie^Q\A(^Collecia)ieaCantahngiensiaj  A.D. 
1760,  p.  59)  tells  us  that  in  his  time  there  was 
in  St.  Clement's  church,  Cambridge,  a  stone 
■with  an  inscription  (or  rather  double  circum- 
scription) in  Norman-French.  This  inscription, 
vhich  he  gives  in  full,  bears  the  date  a.d.  1320, 
and  begins  as  follows :  "  Ici  gist  Joun  de  Hely- 
singham  jadis  meyre  de  Caunbridge.*'  This  stone 
IS  still  to  be  seen  in  the  nave  of  St.  Clement's 
church,  and  I  have  myself  examined  it.  Much  of 
the  inscription  is  now  almost  obliterated,  but  I 
have,  independently  of  Blomefield's  statement, 
but  little  doubt  that  the  town  is  there  called 
Caimbridge.  I  can  trace  out  the  Caun  pretty 
clearly,  and  there  evidently  have  been  ten  letters. 

From  these  facts  I  make  the  following  deduc- 
tions: — 

From  the  ninth  to  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth 

*  There  seems  here  to  have  been  some  confusion  with 
CanterVniry.  Canterbury  was  unquestionably  sometimes 
■written  for  Cantebrige,  lio  doubt  from  the  similarity  of  ' 
Mund  between  ^he  first  halves  of  the  words.  Thus,  in 
the  Year  Books  of  King  Edward  I.  (ed.  Horwood,  18CC) 
I  find  in  j'ear  xx  (p.  290),  "  ly  univercytc  de  Cantur- 
Ibwre,"  where  Canturbure  evidently  meiins  and  is  trans- 
lated Cambridge.  Wo  may  infer*  from  this  that  Cante- 
brigeand  not  Grantebrige  was  the  form  then  (a.d.  1292) 
Ilk  use. 


centuiy,  the  form  Grantebridge  ^  or  Grantabridge 
(Lat.  Grantebrigia),  with  unimportant  yariatioUi 
seems  almost  exclusively  to  have  prevuled; 
though  the  form  Crant  (abridge),  in  the  middle 
of  the  eleventh  century  (Edwara  the  Oonfeasor), 
seems  to  show  that  at  that  time  the  G  already 
had  a  tendency  to  change  into  C. 

In  the  twelfth  century,  the  form  Grantebridge 
still  seems  to  have  been  the  most  generally  lued ; 
but  the  form  Cantebridge  was  evidently  begioning 
to  creep  in. 

In  the  thirteenth  and  up  to  the  latter  part  of 
the  fourteenth  century,  Cantebridge  and  after- 
wards Cantabridge  (Lat.  Cantebrigia,  Cantabrigia), 
seem  entirely  to  have  supplanted  the  older  forms 
Grantebridge  and  Grantabridge.  Still,  from  the 
form  Caunbridge  ^  in  the  inscription  in  St  de- 
mentis church  (A.D.  132(>),  it  would  seem  that  it 
was  in  the  early  part  of  the  fourteenth  centnxy 
that  the  svllable  te  or  ta  first  began  to  disappear 
from  the  English  form  of  the  name  of  the  town. 

Lastly,  towards  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  cen* 
tury  (a.d.  1439),  or  perhaps  earlier,^  the  U  otia 
finally  dropped,  and  the  present  form  Cambridge' 
(as  far  at  least  as  the  first  half  of  the  word.  Gam, 
is  concerned)  seems  first  to  have  come  into  gene- 
ral use,  thougli  as  late  as  a.d.  1454^  I  onoe  find 
Canterbrigge  (but  see  note  *  ). 

The  forms  used  by  Thomas  Walsingbam  and 
by  Capgrave  in  his  Latin  work  (see  note  *  )  must 
of  course  be  disregarded,  because  tbey  wrote  in 
Latin,  and  in  Latin  the  syllable  ta  has  been  re- 
tained up  to  the  present  day.  I  quoted  these 
authors  chiefiy  because  the  second  half  (bru:gia) 
of  one  form  used  by  them  accords  well  wiw  the 
spelling  of  Chaucer,  Capgrave  (in  his  ChronMi)^ 
and  Cooper's  extracts,  and  because  we  see  in  them 
the  form  Cantebrigia  passing  into  the  more  modem 
form  Cantabrigia,  though  this  is  once  found  in 
Henry  of  Huntingdon. 

Let  me  now  consider  whether  the  facts  support 
the  theory.   The  theory  was,  Grantabridge,  Cran- 


3  I  write  the  second  half  of  the  word  always  hridgt^  u 
the  first  halves,  with  which  alone  I  hero  have  to  do^  maQT 
thus  be  more  readily  compared. 

3  The  u  need  not  Furprise  U9,  ns  among  the  fomM 
quoted  above  will  be  found  Grauntebrigge,  and  in  the 
Liber  Albus,  compiled  a.d.  1419  (ed.  Uilev,  1860),  p.  48^ 
Cauntcbrigge.  I  have  not  quoted  the  other  forms  fbona 
in  this  book,  as  the  date  of  the  compilation  only  It 
known. 

^  It  is  rather  uncertain  when  Capgrave  wrote  his  C9b*- 
nicJcf  but,  as  he  is  supposed  to  have  written  his  book 
de  illustribus  Henricis  between  A.D.  1421  and  1447,  and 
in  this  book  (ed.  Ilingeston,  l^io8)  we  find  the  formt 
Cantabrigia  (p.  133),  Cantabri^gia  (pp.  115,  170,  171), 
and  Cantabriggensis  (pp.  59,  133,  17b),  and  the  second 
halves  of  these  forms  accord  with  tlie  second  halx'es  of  the 
English  forms  quoted  above,  we  may  perhaps  infer  that 
if  he  had  written  in  English  as  early  as  a.d.  1421  he  wOnU 
still  have  used  the  same  forms  Cambrigge  Ac,  which  ha 
(probably)  subsequently  used; 


4th  s.  IV.  Not/13,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


403 


tahridge  (or    Gantabridge),  Cantabridge,   Cant- 
bridge,   Canbridge,   Cambridge.    The  facts  are, 
Grantabridge,  Craut (abridge),  Cantabridge,  Can- 
bridge,  Cambridge.    That  is.  only  Cantabridge — 
which,   as   Crant(abridge)  does  occur,   was  not 
likely  to  be  found — and  Cantbridge  are  wanting. 
I  admit  that  I  should  have  been  glad  if  I  could 
have  found  other  examples  of  the  forms  Cranta- 
bridge  and  Canbridge  j  these  forms  are  decidedly 
of  weight,  especially  as  still  Ruding  and  Blome- 
■field,  who  first  quoted  them,  quoted  merely  what 
they  themselves  found,  and  were  themselves  sup- 
porters of  no  special  derivation.    It  is  unfortunate 
that  the  form  Cantbridge  *  cannot  be  found,  but 
I  cannot  abandon  my  theoiy  on  that  account, 
especially  as  the  form  may  well  be  dispensed  with. 
I  suggested  that  Cantabridge  would  probably  be- 
come Cantbridge,  because  I  had  noticed  thatQrant- 
chester,  a  village  on  the  Cam  about  a  mile  and  a 
lialf  above  Cambridge,  was  formerly  called  Gran- 
taceaster.    But  Grantchester,  though  now  spelled 
with  a  <,"  has  not  always  been  so  spelled.    In 
two   quotations  from  old  documents  given    by 
Masters  in  his  History  of  Carpus  Chrmi  CoUege 
(ed.  Lamb,  1831,  p.  441),  Grantchester  is  spelled 
•Grancester.     In  Baker's  manuscript,  in  the  Cam- 
bridge University  Library,  it  is  (vol.  xxx.  p.  147) 
spelled  Grauncester.    And,  again,  in  Speed's  map 
of  Cambridgeshire  Ta.d.  1610),  the  village  is  called 
Oranceter.    This  snows  that  the  ta  in  Grantfl- 
bridge  or  Cantabridge  might  readily  drop.    But 
that  there  may  well  have  been  a  form  Cantbridge, 
and  that  this  form  would  readily  become  Cam- 
bridge (bv  the  dropping  of  the  t  and  change  of  n 
into  m  before  i,  a  laoial),  is  shown  by  the  fact  that 
Cambridge  on  the  Severn  (or,  more  strictly,  on 
the  Cam,  a  small  branch  of  the  Severn),  near 
Dursley   in   Gloucestershire,  once  bore  amongst 
other  names  the  name  of  Cantbridge  (Cantbricge). 
See  Ethelwerdus  (quoted  above,  p.  519  D),  and 
Bosworth,  8.  V,  Cwatbricge. 

The  evidence  which  i  have  collected  with  re- 
gard to  the  river  Cam  is  scanty,  but,  as  far  as  it 
goes,  confirmatory  of  the  view  I  take.  The 
earliest  mention  I  find  made  of  the  river  is  in 
Henry  of  Huntingdon  (middle  of  twelfth  cen- 
tury). The  passage  occurs  in  lib.  v.  (Mon,  Hist. 
Hnt.  p.  748  A),  and  runs  thus :  "  super  Grentam 
fluvium  Cantabrigiae."  In  Leland  (died  A.D.  1652) 
I  find  (ed.  Hearne,  vol.  iii.  p.  16),  *'  Granta,  vul^o 
Cambrige,  a  Granta  fluvio  praeterlabente  sic 
dicta."  The  first  mention  I  find  of  the  name 
Cam  is  in  Camden's  Britannia  (a.d.  1607,  that  is 

*  Grantbridge  is  indeed  given  by  Stow  and  Blome 
(seventeenth  century,  see  Athenrntm^  Aug.  7),  bat  I  be- 
lieve this  form  to  have  been  made  np  by  tnem. 

«  The  ^  is  so  little  heard  in  pronoDciation  that  the 
Dame  is  verj'  frequently  spelled  Granchester  by  thoae 
who  are  not  well  acquainted  with  Cambridge  and  its 
neighbourhood;  and  even  Mr.  Moberly  in  biB  edition 
(1869)  of  Bede's  Ecclet.  Hist,  has  omitted  the  f  (p.  25i^) 


more  than  400  years  after  the  first  mention  of 
the  Granta,  p.  366),  where  he  says  there  is  a 
dispute  as  to  the  name  of  the  river,  some  calling 
it  Cam,  others  Granta.  He  himself  declares  in 
favour  of  Cam,  because  of  the  Roman  station 
Camboritum  (or  Camboricum)  mentioned  in  An« 
tonine's  Itinerary.  And  many  since  seem  to  have 
taken  the  same  view,  and  to  consider  that  Gam 
must  be  an  older  name  of  the  river  than  Granta 
(which  somehow  came  into  use  in  the  Anglo* 
Saxon  times)  because,' forsooth,  the  syllable  Cam 
is  found  in  Camboritum  or  Camboricum.  But,  in 
the  first  place,  it  is  quite  imcertain  where  Cam* 
boritum  or  Camboricum  really  was;  and,  secondly, 
what  becomes  of  the  argument  if  it  can  be  shown 
that  the  river  never  bore  the  name  of  Cam  at  all 
until  after  the  town  was  called  Cambridge,  t.  e, 
until  the  fifteenth,  or,  at  the  earliest,  the  four^ 
teenth  century?  My  opinion  Lb,  not  that  the 
name  Granta  ever  became  corrupted  into  Cam, 
but  that  the  coiT^oum/ word  Granta-bridge  became 
corrupted  into  Cambridge,  and  that  tihen  the 
river  was  first  called  Cam.  Let  those  who  im- 
pugn this  opinion  show,  if  they  can,  that  the  river 
was  called  Cam  before  the  town  was  called  Cam* 
bridge;  and  let  them  show  that  the  town  was 
ever  odled  Cambridge  before,  at  the  earliest,  the 
fourteenth  century  I 

These  lengthy  inyestigationa  into  the  name  of 
one  single  town  may  seem  tedious  and  uselesB  to 
many,  and  I  would  therefore  point  out  that  aueh 
investigations  might  be  turned  to  practical  account. 
Thus,  lor  example,  in  the  Liber  Cu^fnarum  (ed. 
Riley^  1860),  wluch  is  thought  to  have  been 
compiled  in  the  latter  years  of  Edward  II.,  or 
about  A.D.  1824,  but  the  dates  of  the  component 
parts  of  which  are  unknown,  I  find  (part  u* 
p.  625)  Grantebriggeshire  and  (p.  642)  Grante- 
origgeschire.  I  Imow  then  at  once  by  referring 
to  my  table  of  deductions  that  this  part  of  the 
work  must  date  back  as  far  as  the  twelfth  cen* 
tury,  and  may  be  earlier  atilL  Again,  id  the 
Liher  Albua,  another  compilation  refeired  to  a.d. 
1419,  I  find  (ed.  Riley,  1860\  Cauntebrig^ 
(p.  432  )y  Cantebruffge  (p.  436),  Cantebriggui 
(pp.  639,  548),  Canteorigge  (p.  605),  and  I  know 
by  again  referring  to  my  table  that  these  forms 
cannot  be  earlier  than  the  twelfth  century;  whilst 
by  the  spelling  of  the  second  half  of  the  word,  I 
judge  them  to  belong  to  the  latter  end  of  the  four^ 
teenth  or  to  the  begioningof  the  fifteenth  century — 
that  is,  to  very  nearly  the  date  of  the  compilation 
itself    And  of  course,  if  similar  investigations 

7  Again^a  writer  in  Th»  Athemmum  (May  2i,  Aug.  14), 
who  rigns  himself  W.  B.,  asMits  twice  over,  bat  mthovt 
qaoting  the  panage,  that  the  fonn  Cantabrigia  is  fimad 
in  Bede.  My  table  shows  meat  ooce  that  this  is  an  utter 
impossibility,  since  Bede  died  a.d.  785,  and  the  fbrm 
Cantabrifda  was  not  used,  or  is  not  found,  befora'tiMi 
middle  <»  the  twelfth  centniy.  I  have  refenred  to  Bede^ 
however,  and  the  only  passage  I  can  disoorer  whidt 


404 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4<»  S.  IT.  No7. 18,  "99. 


were  made  into  the  names  of  all  the  old  English 
towns,  a  very  much  surer  basis  for  conjecturing 
the  da^es  of  manuscripts  of  unknown  date  would 
be  alKu'ded.  Indeed  it  would  be  well  if  a  similar 
historical  account  could  bo  given  of  every  English 
word,  or,  at  any  rate,  of  every  English  word  of 
•which  the  etymology  is  uncertain.     F.  Chakce. 


?  ♦ 


HEXRIGK  XICLAES :  THE  FAMILY  OF  LOVE. 

No  G.  Epi.^tola  XL  II.  N.  |  CorrectiO  and  |  Exhortation 
out  of  hear  tic  |  Loue,  to  a  Pluckingc  vnder  the  Obedience 
of  the  Loue,  and  to  Rcpentaunce  for  their  Sinnes,  unto 
all  thcni  that  are  wise  in  their  owno  conceites  I  .  .  .  . 
Also  to  an  Admonition  of  all  single-minded  |  Hcartes, 
which  humble  themselues  obedientliowith  |  us,  under  the 
Loue  and  her  Scruice.  |  Set-fourth  by  II  N,  and  bv 
him  pcrvscd  anew  |  and  more  distinctlie  declared,  f 
Translated  out  of  Base-almayne.  |  A  B^,  16 11.  (28  pp.) 
small  8o,  black  letter. 

No  7.  A  Publishing  J  of  the  Peace  upon  Earth,  J  and  of 
the  gracious  T^me  and  acceptable  |  Yeare  of  the  Lorde  | 
which  is  now  in  the  last  tyme  \  out  of  the  Peace  of  Jesu 
Chri-st,  and  out  of  his  ho-  |  lie  Spirit  of  Loue,  published 
bv  II  N  on  the  Earth.  |  .  .  .  .  Translated  out  of  Base- 
almayne  into  English.  |    .  .  .  Anno.  1574. 

Sign.  A'B,  16  pp.  small  8o,  black  letter. 

No  8.  Evangelium  Kegni.  |  A  f  Joyful!  Mes-  |  saffo  of 
the  Kingdom,  pub-  |  lished  by  the'holie  Spirit  of  the 
Loue  of  I  Jesu  Christ,  and  sent-fourtli  vnto  all  Nations 
of  I  People,  which  loue  the  Trueth  in  Jesu  Christ.  |  Set- 
fourth  by  II  N,  and  by  liim  pervsed  a-new  |  and  more- 
dlstinctlio  declared.  J  Translated  out  of  Base-almayne.  | 
Sign.  A-M8  N4, 100  11.  small  8©,  black  letter. 

No  9.  Evangelium  |  Regni.  |  A  joyful  Message  |  of 
the  I  Kingdom.  |  Published  b^  the  holy  Spirit  of  |  the 
love  of  Jesus  Christ,  &c.    Impnnted  at  London.  1652. 

Sign.  A-O^,  112  IL  (111  &  112  blanks)  small 8% Roman 
type. 

No  10.  The  I  Prophetie  of  |  the  Spirit  of  Loue.  |  Set- 
fourth  by  UN:  |  And  bj'  Ilim  perused  a-new,  and 
more  |  distinctlie  declared.  ]  Translated  out  of  Base- 
almayne  into  English.  |  .  .  .  .  Anno.  1574.  | 

Sign.  A-EB,  40  11.  small  8o,  black  letter. 

No  11.  The!  Prophecy  I  of  the  j  Spirit  of  Loue  ;  I  Set 
forth  bv  H.  N.  |  <fec.  London,  Printed  for  Giles  Calvert, 
at  the  black  |  Spread-Eagle  ncer  the  West  end  of  Pauls, 
1649.  I 

'  Sign.  A-F8  G*,  52  11.  small  8o,  Roman  tj-pe. 

No  12.  Terra  Pacis.  |  A  true  Testifi-  I  cation  of  the 
spirituall  I  Landc  of  Peace;  which  is  the  |  spirituall 
Lande  of  Promyse,  and  |  the  holy  Citee  of  Peace  or  the 
heavenly  Jeru-*  |  salem ;  And  of  the  Holy  and  spirituall 
People  [  that  dwell  therin :  as  also  of  the  Walking  |  in 
the  Spirit,   which  leadeth  therunto.  |       Set-foorth  by 

bears  at  all  on  Cambridge  or  its  neighbourhood  occurs  in 
his  Ecclea.  Hist,,  where  (ed.  Mol)erly,  lb69,  p.  254j  he 
speaks  of  a  '*  civitatulam  quandam  desolatam  ....  qua) 
lingua  Anglornm  Grantacffistir  vocatur."  By  some  it  is 
thought  that  this  civitatula  cannot  be  the  Grantchester  of 
the  present  dav,  which  is  only  a  small  village ;  and  they 
therefore  conclude  that  Cambridge  itself  was  at  that 
time  called  Grantactutir.  If  so,  in  little  more  than 
150  vears  later,  it  had  changed  its  name  to  Grantebrycge, 
for  I  have  shown  that  this  was  its  name  as  early  as  Uie 
end  of  the  ninth  century. 
*  Continued  from  p.  358. 


II  N,  and  by  Ilim  newly  per- I  used  and  more-plajvlj 
declared.  (    *  Translated  out  of  Base-almayne.  | 

Sign.  "1')  A-II*)  no,  84  II.  small  8o,  blaok  letter,  esoept 
the  preface,  which  is  in  Roman  t^'pe. 

No  13.  Terra  Pacis.  |  A  true  |  Testiflcation  |  of  (  Tin 
Spiritual  Land  of  Peace  |  Sec,  London,  Printed  for  Sam. 
Satterthwaitc  at  the  sign  |  of  the  Sun  on  Garlick  Hfl]» 
1G49. 

Sign.  A-M8,  96  11.  smaU  8o. 


No  14.  Comocdia.  |  A  worke  in  Ryme,  |  contayiiing  i 
Enter-  |  lude  of  M\'ndeR,  witnessing  I  the  BlansTaU 
from  I  (rod  and  Christ.  |  Set  forth  by  U  N,  and  ^  him 
newly  |  ])cruscd  and  amended.  |  Translated  oat  of  Baie 
alinayne  |  into  English.    {From  the  copy  in  the  Vwiio, 
Library f  Cambr,) 

Sign.  A-Dfi,  32 IL  small  8o,  black  letter. 

No  15.  Introductio.  |  An  Introduction  to  |  theholrYii- 
derstanding  of  the  |  Glasse  of  Righteoasnes.  I  Whenn  an 
vttered  many  notable  Admonitions  |  and  EznortatkNW  to 
the  Good-life,  also  sun-  |  dry  discreet  Warnings  to  h^ 
ware  of  Destruc- 1  tion.  and  of  wrong-conceinin^  and 
misun-  |  derstnnding  or  censuring  of  any  SentenoiL  I 
Sett-forth  by  H  N,  and  bv  him  perused  |  a-neir,  tan 
expressed  niore  I  plax-nly. !  (From  the  large-piwer  cam 
in  the  Unit,  Library,  Cambr.) 

Sign.  A-M,  O,  Q.  R8,  N,  pio,  s*,  144  IL  (of  wlddi  Ite 
II.  40  and  80  are  left  blank),  black  letter. 

No  16.  An  I  Introduction  |  to  |  The  holy  UndentnA- 
ing  I  of  the  Glasse  of  I  Righteousnesse.  |  WherdA  va 
uttered  many  nota-  I  ble  admonitions,  d;c.    Loodoa,  | 
Printed  for  Crcorge  \Vliittington,  at  the  blue  J  Andiorp 
neer  the  Rovall  Exchange  I  in  Com-hilL  1649.  \ 
Sign.  A-Z8,  A  a«,  188  11.  small  8o,  Roman  typei. 

No  17.  Dicta  11  N.  |  Documontall  |  Sentences:  mmm 
as  I  those-same  were  spoken-fourth  by  H  N,    |    and 
writen-vp  out  of  the  Woordes  |  of  his  Month.  |  And  we 
by  Ilim  perused,  and  more  J  distinctlie  declared.  |  Xna^ 
lated  out  of  Base-almayne.  f 

Sign.  A-F8,  48  11.  small  8o,  black  letter. 

No  18.    Proverbia  H  N  |  The  I  Prouerbcs  of  |  HH 
Whicli  Ilee,  in  the  |  Daves  of  his  Oldc-ago,  hath  nfr- 1 
fourtii  as  Similitudes  and  I  mysticall  Sayingea.  )  Tm^ 
lated  out  of  Base-almayne.  | 

Sign.  A-F^,  48  11.  (of  which  the  last  two  are  left  Uaak) 
small  8o,  black  letter. 

No  19.  A  I  Figure  |  of  I  The  true  and  Spiritual  1^  J 
bernacle,  according  to  the  inward  J  Temple  or  Home  of 
God  in  the  Spi-  |  rit.  \  Set  forth  by  H.  N.  and  bj  him 
newlv  per  |  used,  and  more  evidently  declared.  | .  •  • . 
London,  |  Printed  for  Giles  Calvert,  at  the  Blaok-flpmd 
Eagle  I  at  the  West  end  of  Pauhs  1655.  | 

Sign.  A-0^  P«,  46  11.  small  8o,  Roman  type.  The  bit 
fourteen  pages  are  occupied  by  a  treatise :  Of  the  EbAft 
Yertues  or  Godl^-nesses,  whereout  all  Vertoes  or  Golj* 
nesses  do  proceed  or  spring. 

No  20.  Exhortatio.    I.  |  The  first  Ex-  |  hoitatkm  «f 
H.  N.  to  his  I  Children,  and  to  the  Famelje  of  Low^ 
bv  I  Him  newlye   perused,   and   more  distinodre  da* 
clared.  J  Translated  out  of  Base-almayne  into  E^iisb.  I 
Sign.  A-G8,  ii«,  58  n.  small  8%  black  letter. 

No  21.  The  I  First  ExhortaUonJ  of  |  H.N.  to  UsChfl- 
dren,  |  and  |  To  the  Family  of  Love.  |  .  .  .  .  likewise 
H.  N.  upon  I  the  Beatitndes,  and  the  Seven  |  DmAt 
Sins.  I  Translated  out  of  Base-Almayne  into  EiigliA.J 
....  London,  printed  for  Giles  Calverty  at  the  BhwK- 
Spread- J  Eagle  ....  1656. 

Sign.  A-P>,  120  IL  small  So,  Roman  type. 

No  22.  Revelatio  Dei.  |  The  ReueUtion  of  |  Qodp  ni 
his  great  Pro- 1  pheatie :  which  God  now;  in  tiiA  bib  | 


4'''S.1V.  Nov.  13,  "890 


,NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


Dare;  hMb  shewed  vnto  bis  |  Klect.  |  Set-fourth  by  H  N, 
and  by  him  pervsed  aoeiv-  I  and  more  iliatinctlie  declared. 
[  TranalaWd  out  of  Base-aim  ay  ne.  | 

Sign.  A-G',  5G  It.  small  8",  black  letter,  cs<»pt  the 
preface,  which  ia  in  Roman  type, 

IS- 23.  lievelttio  Del  [  The  |  Revclatioa  |  of  (  G«d,and 
hU  Great  Propheaie,  |  .  .  .  .  London,  Printed  for  Gllea 
Catven,  at  the  sign   af   the  |  Blaclc-Spred-Eagle  .  .  . 


Thwe  23  titlaa  have  been  copied  from  the  books 
in  Dr.  Come's  coUectioa  and  the  Uqit.  Libraiy. 
I  now  sabjoui  a  liat  of  books  probably  written  by 
H.  N.,  which  I  find  deHcribed  by  others  or  quoted 
in  works  published  against  IL  N.,  and  which  are 
either  totally  unknown  to  me  or  which  I  have  as 
vet  not  seen.  Any  infocmatian,  therefore,  concern- 
ing these  books,  will  be  very  welcome  to  me. 

J.  Sogers,  in  his  Diaplaying  of  on  horriUa 
Sects,  &c.  (to  be  meDtioaed  hereafter),  enumeratee 
among  the  list  of  books  which  he  has  seen :  — 

N"  24.  TTii!  Seconrf  Exhortaiian  a/  H.  N.  [An  ed.  of 
this  treatise  is  mentioned  in  Bohn'a  Lanndei  u  baviDg 
been  aold  at  Ileber's  sale  with  9  other  tract*.  It  Is  not 
said  howerer  nhetber  tbeea  tracts  were  published  aepa- 
rately.  Mr.  Macray  of  the  Bodleian  Library  was  so  kind 
u  to  show  me  tbe  other  day  a  oopv  of  this  treatise  (a 
HS.,  preserred  !□  the  Rawlmson  Colleelion  of  the  rich 
library,  of  which  he  hiu  lately  published  siicb  cbannlog 
annals.  The  MS.,  written  about  1620-.5D,  is  in  large  4° 
and  contains  iSD  pp.  No  copy  has  yet  been  foond  ia  the 
original  langnage.  J 

N°  26.  A  diahsKt  bclweeni  Ihcfathtr  and  tie  whom. 
fAmes  (Herbert). p.  IC43,!<aya:  "This  perhaps  miKht  be 
printed  separate;  but  is  introduced  in  the  first  exnorta- 
tion."  It  is  also  mentioned  by  Bohn  with  K"  24  ;  I  don't 
find  It  mentioned  by  Nippold.] 

S'26.  Tliedecla'ratioaoflbemaiie.    [Ames  (  Herbert), 

61643,  sa}^9 :  "  A  book  with  this  Title  was  printed  by 
ans  Laft  in  1547,  in  wbicli  Anth.  Martort  baniioimced 
to  be  the  author."  It  ia  mentioned  by  Bohn  with  S"  24 
&  26.  Nippold  tells  us  that  he  found  quoted  a  treatise 
■■"id  J^^dtrMu!  


"-] 


copy  of  the  original  Is 


J.  Rogers  further  remarks  that  he  has  not  seen, 
but  heard  of:  — 

K"  28  i  an.  Two  bookes  intituled  lie  Glatt  ofrigKtt- 
tmtiutt.  [I  understand  that  these  two  books  were: 
Inlroducliou  to  the  A%  Vnderilandl^  of  the  Glaui  of 
BtgUemmea,  of  which  1  have  i^ven  the  desciiption  of 
two  ed.  under  N"  16  &  16,  and  Tie  Glaa  of  fl^siu- 
nus  mentioned  bv  Bohn  with  .N°  24-27.  The  Gbus  of  B., 
althon^  it  is  tfic  prophet's  chief  work,  was  totally  un- 
known, even  to  Dr.  Nippold,  ap  to  the  time  (1867)  that 
Mr.  Tiele  discovered  a  copy  in  the  library  of  Messrs. 
Enacbed^  at  Ilaartcm.  It  is  now  Id  the  Leyden  Library, 
together  with  an  ed.  of  tbSti.  Of  the  Ititnd»etio>t  bo 
copy  seems  yet  to  have  been  found  in  the  original  lan- 
guage. Of  The  Glan  of  lUgl-leouiatu  itselT  DO  copy 
seems  to  be  known  in  the  I^giish  language  except  a 
MS.  wbich  Mr.  Macray  showed  me  the  other  day  in  the 

said  on  the  title,  six  chapters,  beiag  translated  out  of  tlM 
GUue  of  Kighteousnesa.    it  consists  of  108  pp.  4°.^ 


In  Bohn'a  Lowndes  yn  find  mentioned,  bnt 
Tei7  nnsatisfactorilj :  — 

No  SI.  Cartsn  of  the  Songs  of  H.  N.  [Compan 
N-46-48.] 


from  H.  N.  the  oldest  Fatbu  of  thaf  uoily  of  Lots,  ^, 
Amst  1608.  [See  ftr  an  aniwer  to  tills  epistle  Alns- 
worth  (Henry),  A  rafbtattoo,  io.,  to  ba  meutloiiBd  here- 
after (see  N°  XTII.)] 

In,  A  Supplication  of  the  Family  of  Loue,  fto,, 
are  quoted  in  ezactl;  the  same  way  aa  th»y  an 
given  here:  — 

N'>a4.  Pitteme  of  the  pre*.  Tempi. 

IT°  SG.  RefMn  (I.  a).  [Is  peifaaps  a  liansUtloii  tt 
N°  48  (see  below)! 


If°  S7.  Boles  of  perfeetlan. 

N°  88.  Theologia  Germaniea. 

In :  the  deocription  Ajid  Goufuiation  of  mjtL 
Antiohrist  the  Familiats  (see  N«  XUL  holow) : — 

N*  89.  The  bright  Starr. 

S'  40.  MystieaU  Divinity. 

S'  41.  Divinity  and  FluloKipUs  dlsswded. 

In  the  Catalogue  of  the  Bodleian  Ubrary :  — 

11*42.  Evangellomi  SM  latum  XM  ao  Christi  nun- 
dam;  quod  per  Dei  intimam-miserioordiam,  postremo 
nunc  tempore,  ex  charltata,  a  Splritu  cbaiitatlt  prsdica- 
tor ;  in  ling.  Lat.  ex  Germ,  tnlatnm,  8°  b,  1.  at  a.  [Com- 
para  S"  8  and  9.] 

Nippold  describea  the  following  weces  which 
are  not  found  incorporated  in  the  neatiaes  de- 
scribed before,  and  of  which  may  probably  azist 
also  an  Engl,  translation :  — 

S'  4S.  Dat  npreohta  Chrittsn^elovB  des  Qbemals- 
sdioppa  der  HUligm  da  HOsea  der  Liefteu.  tWr  oi^ 
de  upreohto  Chrlstdicke-dflpe  iime  betUget  imd«  baledsn 


dinge.  (Of  tba  Just  Indgmtnt  of  God  over  the  old  oor 
rui^wwid;  anidof  UapnnlsluiMntanddeatnictloD.) 

No  49.  Canldiia.  Uednen  offle  Qesaugm.  Dorch  H.  S, 
■m  daeh  gegevoiimda  npp*t  Nye  tlv«lM«D  mid*  vorberdt, 
onde  met  mebre  Qenueu  vetmehrL  1978.  (Cantlea. 
Song*  or  hymns.  Pobl&bed  by  H.  B.  and  rerised  aod 
pre^ued,  Uld  augmented  with  other  songs.) 

No  46.  D«  Liedtr  adder  Geeannn  H.  N.  Tor  goeda 
Leie  onde  Btlchtlnge,  dem  Httsgeonna  der  Liefden  node 
en  alien  die  del  daer-lhoe  wendm,  1575.  (The  Songs  or 
Hymns  of  H.  N.  'Ki  a  good  teacbing  and  edificulon 
unto  the  Howe  of  Lovc^  and  imto  all  those  tbat  adlMm 
to  than.) 

N°  47.  Baftrdnen  node  Ronddcsi  eddar  rymladw 
^uOfceo.  Doroh  H.  N.  am  daoh  gegeven,  imde  van  em 
n^et  nya  orarsam  unde  Torbetart.  Ia7a.  (Burdau  and 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  ,         t*>s.lv.»,,T.Mi'< 


nmndeli  or  ih.nn«l  prorerbs.    Published  by  H.  S.  and 
newly  by  him  revised  end  Improred.) 
9°  48.  Dre  uraodige  Refareinen,  die  H.  N.  weddar 

Sne  Vvenden  am   dadi  gegercD  heft,  1&T6.     (Three 
oroagh  liurdeai,  nhich  H.  N.  hu  publubed  aj^nat  hii 
enemies,  1676.) 
— and  be  fonnd  qaoted  without  having  been  able  to  dis~ 

H°  49.  Von  den  sicben   Sacnmenlen  (of  the  seTan 
Sccramenti.) 
11°  50.  HandbUchl^  (Handbooli}.   . 
No  SI.  Vom  UntcTBchiedvonHallF,VerdainiiiMa.s.w. 
(Of  the  iliffereuee  of  hell,  condeamBtion.  &c.) 

J.  H.  HESdXLS, 
Cbetterlon  Bond,  Cunhiidge. 

iTolK  coHcIiideJ  i»  our  ntit. 


CORNISU  AND  ■WEL8H. 

Not  hnowiDg  whether  anj  aystematic  compHri- 
aoD  has  ever  been  made  between  the  Comieb  and 
Welsh  (Cymri)  laoguages,  I  send  with  soma  dif- 
fidence the  following  contribution  to  the  discus- 
sion  of  tha  subject. 

When  in  Wales  last  year,  on  inquiring  of  nn 
intelligent  native  the  names  of  certun  placea  in 
the  neighbourhood,  be  gave  me  in  addition  their 
aigniScation  in  English,  and  totd  me  tlint  I  should 
generally  find  that  the  names  of  Welsh  places 
were  descriptive  of  some  chnmcterislic  of  the 
lociditT.  This  remark  set  ma  upon  an  interesting 
etymological  investigation,  which  was  striliinglj 
confinuative  of  hia  remark. 

Soon  after 
of  reading  a  chnrminj;  pnpi 

Good  Wordt  describing  a  trip  to  Cornwall,  in 
it  he  mentioned  some  remnrli)n>le  roclis  rising  out 
of  the  Bea  a  little  off  the  Comiah  coast.  The  pro- 
per Cornish  name  of  tliis  rocky  ridge  he  gives  as 
Menavamr,  which,  he  aays,  has  in  modem  times 
become  corrupt^id  to  "  men  of  war."  Thy  learned 
dean  does  not  appear  to  iiave  been  aware  tliat  the 
original  name  i9  actually  good  Welali,  Maen-y- 
favtr  having  the  eigiiiticant  meaning  "  the  great 
rock." 

It  immediately  struck  me  that  it  might  he 
worth  while  to  ascertain  wbether  the  names  of 
other  places  in  Cornwall  had  equivalenta  in  the 
Wcl.-h  language;  and  I  now  send  the  result, 
which  appeals  to  me  to  confirm  the  theory  that 
the  Cornish  and  Welsh  languages  have  been 
originally  identical.  I  havo  no  doubt  tliat  the 
list  could  be  widely  extended  by  further  investi- 
gation. To  enable  youi-  readers  to  ace  more 
plainly  the  rcseuiblance  between  the  two  lan- 
guages in  the  following  names,  sound  as  well  as 
epelliag  aliould  be  attended  to.  Thus  the  'Welsh 
d  is  sounded  very  much  like  our  (,  and  the  ild 
always  as  our  Ch,  the  single  /  invariably  as  our  v, 
the  linal  g  very  much  lilic  our  k,  tho  tinal  u  like 
our  ee,  the  hnnl  to  like  our  oo,  and  y  liko  our  f. 


These  rules  in  pronnocistion  ahould  b«  bone  is 
mind  in  companng  the  words  in  the  fbDcnri^ 


Menbeniot      Haes-heniad  .  .  .  m  m 

Lansalloea  Llia-ulw apearplaet. 

Uuloe  Dulau a  daU. 

Pelbcrwia  Peth-erwyn ....  a  briglil  Uau 

Treveana  Trefsnbwi  ....  a  6arT«>  n/£fc 

Lanteglos  Llan-tacliu— er  )    a  iitat  or  trim  pla 

Llan-tacnel    .   (   aplactofjairavet, 

EgloaliBle  Eglwe-hcl ocABnAoVlbrf^ 

Peatire  Pentir a  cape  or  tndlaiMt 

Trevoao  Tre-ffoa m  entrtndktd  tarn*. 

Wenn  Wen for,  bttniHf<d, 

Panryhn  Pen-rhyn 71   i  f  j'  i  i  ijii.jmaiw 

Gweek  GwIr a  retch. 

Bedrutbin  BvdJ-rhuddan    .  .  arcd  taat. 

Cam    Br«B  Carn-brf apmttdadr*, 

(thename  "^ 

of  B  Iilgh 

hill) 

Porth  Forth a  karb<mr  or  too. 

Innia  Taya an  iMUud. 

I  will  not  undertake  to  roach  for  the  conaot- 
ness  of  my  Welsh  etymology  in  eray  ofM  of  ikt 
above  worda,  not  pretending  to  anything' mora  thMl 
a  very  imperfect  Knowledge  of  the  languige;  but 
I  have  honestly  aimed  at  it.  and  in  the  niqoi(W  at 
the  cases  I  feel  pretty  confident  that  I  hare  aina 
the  right  one ;  and  if  so,  the  original  identi^  gf 
the  Cotnish  and  Welsh  languages  mar  b«  Iddf 
argued  from  theea  and  numerous  other  inituioMi 
U.H.B. 

DR.  FRASKLIN  OX  THE  T'OVAQE  OF  ADUIBAL 
BARTHOLOMEW  DE  FOSTB. 
Looking  over  some  papers  relating  to  the  coloBim 
which  belonged  to  the  minister  Lord  Bnts,  aaA 
which  were  presented  to  him  in  1702, 1  came  npn 
a  document  in  the  autograph  of  Benjamin  frank- 
lin, which  appears  tome  to  cieDfvalue,vidwortIw 
of  some  notice  in  "N.  &  Q."  It  is  the  opinionu 
that  great,  wise  and  learned  man,  on  the  rojage  of 
Admiral  Bartholomew  de  Fonte,  which  was  pub- 
lished by  Pettiver  in  a  periodical  work  called 
Memoirs  for  the  Ctiriom,  for  the  months  of  Apd 
and  June  1708.  Franklin's  letter  ia  dated  bam. 
Craven  Street  (London),  May  27,  1762,  aod  b 
addressed  to  Dr.,  afterwarda  Sir  John  Ftingl^di* 
eminent  Scotch  pbysidan,  and  president  Ol  the 
Itoyal  Society,  who  probably  gave  it  to  Lof2 
Bute.  Be  Fonte 's  voyage  is  supposed  to  haT6 
taken  place  in  IGIO,  and  the  most  interesting  pMt 
relates  to  the  "  north-weat  passage."  Dr.  f^auUiD 
gives  it  as  bis  opinion  that  the  account  of  the 
voyage  is  genuine,  but  that  "  it  ia  an  abridgmeat . 
and  a  translation,  and  bad  in  both  rsapecta:  if  a 
Eiction,  it  ia  plainly  not  an  English  one,  bat  it  kie 
none  of  the  features  of  fiction,"  With  leapeet 
to  the  north'weat  passage,  Franklin  obaeirsK— • 


•  S.  IT.  Not.  18,  ■69.] 


NOTES  AND  QDEBIES. 


4or 


"Though  there  msj'  probably  be  no  pimcUaiblo  p«- 
^■ge  tor  ships,  there  is  nererthelem  mcb  a  piHBge  Tor 
boaU  ««  De  Fonte  found  and  bail  (leMribed,  and  that  Ihe 
connliy  upon  the  paBSOge  is  for  the  moB[  part  habiuble^ 
-sndimala  produce  all  the  aecesaarieB  of  life." 
The  whole  letter,  which  ia  too  long  to  transcribe 
at  length,  u  well  and  cleverly  written  and  ad- 
mirablf  expressed.  He  appears  to  have  taken 
much  puns  to  aecertain  the  genuiaeneas  of  De 
Fonta'a  narration,  by  inquiring  from  old  people, 
and  from  Mr.  Prince,  whom  he  cnlla  "  a  great  anti- 
quarian," aa  to  the  existence  of  two  persona — 
•Sojnour  (probably  Seignior)  Gibbons,  and  Captain 
Shapley  or  Stapley,  who  are  mentioned  in  the 
Toyage  as  having  been  on  board  "  a  great  ship 
from  Boston  in  New  England,  in  Rnnquillo  Strait, 
where  they  were  met  by  De  Fonte.  Franklin 
minutely  flesoribes  the  trouble  which  Mr.  Prince 
look  to  ascertain  the  facts,  which  wore  favourable 
to  the  credibility  of  the  narration.  He  ends  his 
letter  by  saying,  that  he  has  at  home  a  number  of 
letters  and  ^pers  that  give  further  and  atrongei 
lights  on  this  matter — 

"  They  an  bundled  tngetbemith  the  manaserint  jonr- 
nale  of  the  tiro  vojnt^ej  1  prarnoCed  from  Philadelphia, 
which  proved  indeed  unsuccessful,  but  the  jonmala  con- 
tain Sams  valuable  infonnation." 

He  adds,  that  be  wishes  them  in  the  possession 
<if  his  friend  Dr,  Pringle,  and  if  any  accident 
ehould  happen  to  him  on  bis  return  (to  America), 
he  desired  Dis  executors  mav  consider  this  letter 
«s  an  authority  for  sending  toemto  him. 

E.  P.  Shiklr. 

Booib-Cabriige. — As  it  is  probable  that  the 
"  bogie-carriage  "  will  come  into  common  use,  it 
is  as  well  to  keep  a  record  of  the  derivation  of  the 
word.  The  following  is  extracted  from  T^  Timat 
ofOct.  18,  1869:— 

"  Sow,  if  we  imafcine  a  carriage  in  whieb  the  vrheali 
behind  have  a  hoTiznntal  movement  aimilar  to  that  of  the 
fh>nt  wheeLi,  ire  shall  have  a  verv  ftii  model  of  what  Is 
knoirn  in  the  railwajworld  as  a  '  bogie-carrla^'  and  can 
understand  the  principle  on  which  Hr.  Fairlie  works. 
'Bo([ie'is  a  north-country  word  for  a  spirit,  a  goblin, 
the  devil  ^  and  bogie-carriages  were  first  used  many  yajra 
ago  in  Xewcaslle,  where  it  was  nenssary  for  the  coal 
waggons  to  double  about  the  quays.  They  were  eo  nauied 
beeaasc  they  were  supposed  lo  tarn  upon  ono  lilie  a  spirit, 
sad  to  face  one  when  least  expected.  You  saw  a  bogie- 
carriage  going  off  in  a  particular  direction  In  fttll  forea ; 
in  a  moment  it  wheeled  round  an  unexpected  curve  and 
was  down  upon  you.  'It's  Bogie  himself,'  cried  the 
miners  ;  and  so  the  waggon  was  named.  The  wa^on, 
instead  of  Iwing  supported  on  four  wheels  rigidly  com- 
tuned  in  the  same  or  pirattel  planes,  was  pland  on  two 
■mall  bnt  strong  trucks,  culled  bogies,  which  repiEaent 
the  front  and  hind  wheels  of  the  ordinary  carriage  to 
which  we  have  referred.  Each  of  these  trucks  may  be 
stipportcd  on  one,  two,  or  three  pair  of  wheels,  acconUu 
to  the  'iieand  strength  required,andinthe  cmtreof  each 
ia  a  pivot — the  bogie-pin,  as  it  Is  called— on  whldi  tba 


pASSDrsToir  AutBaomta. — It  may  be  worth 
noting  in  the  psges  of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  for  the  n«e  of 
future  topographers,  that  these  almshouses  were 
commenced  to  t>e  pulled  down  on  July  4, 1869, 
to  give  place  to  five  shops  which  are  to  1m  built 
on  their  ute.  They  consisted  of  eighlsMi  VMaUf 
being  intended  origiaalty  for  eighteen  inlukUtanti. 
Latterly,  however,  each  occupant  had  two  room*, 
I  The  last  occupants  were  Mrs.  Hannah  Coidwell 
and  Mrs.  Eliaabeth  Jonea.  Prior  to  July  ^  «Mh 
had  an  allowance  of  bread  and  three  anilluiKa  t 
week  from  the  workhouse ;  nnce  that  lime  tbejr 
have  had  five  shillings  and  sixpence  each  fram 
the  Almshouse  Ground  Committee,  which  sum  li 
to  he  continned  during  the  remainder  of  their 
lives.  On  the  front  of  these  bouses  was  a  laig« 
stone  with  the  following  inscription  on  it  :— 

"  These  Almshonaes  wAere  [sia]  built  a.D.  1714.  at  the 
expense  of  the  Inhabitants  fbr  the  Poor  of  tUi  Parish  past 
their  Laboar.  Robert  Cromwell,  QaoigB  Clacklet  ChnnA- 

This  stone  is  now  in  the  Testn  Hall,  immedi- 
ately opposite  to  where  the  afmsbouaea  lately 
stood.  Chaklbb  UAUir. 

WiBPtinw  AirvouircBXBirTB. — It  is  cnstomatf 
in  this  counby,  when  parties  who  mn  about  to 
marry  do  not  send  cards  to  their  (Hands,  to  luY* 
the  words  mo  cardi  added  to  the  Buheeqoent 
announcement  of  the  marriage.  A  candid  conpls 
recently  concluded  the  notice  of  th«t  maniage 
thus:  "No  cards,  and  no  mooej  to  buy  any." 
Another  announcement  ended :  "  No  canla,  ftnd 
the  wedding-cake  all  gmie."  A  newspaper  pnb* 
lished  at  Lafayette,  Indiana,  is  reqwrnsible  tat 
the  following : — 

■  Hairied,  on  Wednesday  last,  after  a  vast  amonnt  of 
trials  and  tribalatlooa,  briiqalre  DoSeld.  CoL  Kobert  H. 
Faster  and  Mra  3arah  Hughes,  all  of  this  ptaoh' 

Bab-Podtz. 

Philadelphia. 

TsE  Easl  ov  Wabwiok. — In  the  Paston  Col- 
lection are  two  letters  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick, 
the  king-maker — "Perhaps,"  writes  the  editoK 
(vol,  i.  p.  90,  ed.  1787),  "  the  only  private  lettsm 
of  this  nobleman."  One  of  them  contains  a  requart 
hardly  antidpatwl.  It  is  for  the  loan  of  tan  OC 
twen^  pounds  to  complete  a  sum  due  for  ths 


"  Wherefore  w 

..ill  lend  ds  tei ...    ,-_-_  -      - 

Master  Robert  wants  of  his  payment,  as  we  may  do  fttr 
you  in  tioM  fbr  to  coma,  sad  we  shsll  send  it  jott  agdn 
afbre  New's  Tear  day,  with  the  graoe  of  God,  as  ws  are  ft 
true  knl^t." 

The  date  ii  "  London,  3nd  of  November  befon 
145S,"  34  H.  VL  Fkancu  TBHioa. 

IsllpBKlacy. 


£.  L.  BtramisoFP.      p*p«i,  entitled  the  "Dart  a 


408 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[iAS.IT.  HoT.18p'60. 


People^ 8  Magazine,'^o,  xxii.  p,  241,  for  October, in 
■which  occurs  this  passage :  —  *'  The  Dart — pre- 
eminently '  the  water/  in  the  old  Saxon  tongue." 
The  peculiarity  of  this  passage  lies  in  this  use  of 
the  word  Saxon.  The  word  cUiH  does  not  mean 
"  water  "  in  Saxon,  and  it  is  very  questionable  if 
the  Saxon  word  danVS  was  applied  to  this  river, 
owing  to  its  alleged  swiftness,  however  applicable 
it  may  bo^  it  being  most  probably  a  variation  of 
the  Celtic  rf?rr=water.  The  analogy  may  be 
shown  at  Dartford  in  Kent,  anciently  IJarentford; 
the  root  word  dicr  is  also  found  in  Derventio,  the 
name  of  a  Roman  station  on  the  Derwent,  in 
two  counties.  Dr.  Bosworth  has  the  following : — 
"  Drorenta — Derta-mu^a  .  .  .  The  mouth  of 
the  river  Darwent,  Dartmouth,  Kent."       A.  H. 

Neologism. — 

"  Particular  circunLstances  caused  Lord  Thurlow's  reply 
(to  the  Duke  of  Grafton^  to  make  a  deep  impression  on 
the  writer's  mind.  His  lordship  had  spoken  too  often  and 
began  to  be  considered  (to  use  the  word  of  the  day)  a 
bore" — Charles  Butler's  Hist  Memoirs  respecting  the 
Englishj  8fc.  Catholics.   Preface,  p.  27,  vol.  iii.  ed.  1821. 

P.  W.  Trepolpen. 

Employee. — Is  it  not  time  that  this  word  should 
be  fully  adopted  into  the  English  language  and 
spelt  thus,  without  any  accent  upon  the  last 
syllable  P  We  have  donee,  grantee,  mortgagee, 
&c.,  corresponding  to  donor,  grantor,  mortgagor, 
&c.,  and  why  not  have  employee  to  correspond 
with  employer  ?  Uneda. 

Philadelphia. 

Chaucer:  " Smoterlich." — 

"  And  eek  for  sche  was  somdel  smoterlich. 
She  was  as  deyne  as  water  in  a  dich, 
As  fnl  of  hokir,  and  of  bissemare." 

Reeves  Tale,  I  43  (Aldine  edition). 

Tyrwhitt  says  on  smoterlich — "  means,  I  sup- 
pose, smutty,  dirty;  but  the  whole  passage  is 
obscure."  The  Aldine  glosses  smoterUcny "  dirty." 
This  does  not  seem  to  me  to  be  the  required  mean- 
ing.    The  following  lines  go  on  explanatorily : — 

**  Hir  thoughte  ladyes  oughten  hir  to  spare, 
What  for  hir  kvnreed  and  hir  nortelrye, 
That  scho  hadde  lemed  in  the  nonnerye.** 

Does  not  smoterlich  mean  "  smooth "  in  the 
sense  of  this  gentle  breeding,  inherited  from  her 
parson-father  and  nurtured  in  the  cloister  ?  Com- 
pare the  Nun  of  the  Prologue. 

The  word  is  very  unusual.  In  An  Literlude 
of  the  Four  Elanenta  (p.  25,  Percy  Society)  it 
occurs— 

"Than  we  wyll  hare  Ijtell  Nell, 
A  proper  wcnche,  she  daunsith  well, 
And  Jane  with  the  blackc  lace  ; 
We  wj'U  have  Bounsynge  Besse  also, 
And  two  or  thre  proper  wenchis  mo 
Ryght  feyre  and  smotter  of  face." 

Here  the  evident  meaning  is  "  smooth  "  j  thougb 


perhaps  it  might  be  upheld  that  the  Vice,  Sen- 
sual Appetite  (who  speaks)  purpoeely  uttered 
opposites. 

At  all  events,  the  word  is  worth  pausing  upon 
by  our  Chaucer  editors.  If  smoterlich  does  mean 
"  smutty,"  I  think  the  punctuation  requires  alter- 
ing. John  Ai>BZ8i 

Fall  of  Dunbar  Castle.  —  On  Thundajr, 
Oct.  21,  the  most  conspicuous  of  the  fnigmenti 
of  this  famous  old  castle  fell,  carrying  with  it  to 
destruction  the  arms  of  the  Earls  of  Dunbar  and 
March,  which  it  had  borne  aloft  some  hundreds  of 
years  after  the  fall  of  this  once  powerful  fiunily. 
It  stood  on  the  summit  of  a  rock  on  the  shone 
facing  the  German  Ocean,  close  to  the  town  of 
Dunbar — one  of  the  most  picturesque  of  ndai^ 
and  one  of  the  oldest  heraldic  memorials  in  the 
country.  It  consisted  of  an  arched  gateway  widi 
a  considerable  fragment  of  wall,  and  over  the  avoh 
there  were  three  large  shields  in  toleraUe  nj^ 
servation  considering  their  great  antiquity,  xhe 
middle  shield  had  a  lion  rampant  surrounded  Jrf^ 
bordure  of  roses,  being  the  arms  of  the  Bails  of 
Dunbar.  On  the  dexter  shield  were  *^  three  leoi'' 
for  the  Isle  of  Man  ;  on  the  sinister  shiel^  a 
saltire  and  chief  for  the  lordship  of  Annandale. 
Above  the  middle  shield  was  what,  thouffh  some- 
what indistinct,  must  have  been  the  pecuiar  orart 
ef  the  Dunbars — a  horse's  head  and  neck^  supported 
by  two  lions  sejant.  It  is  probable  that  these 
arms  were  erected  between  four  and  fiye  hundred 
years  ago,  by  George,  tenth  Earl  of  Dunbar  and 
March,  the  date  of  erection  being  somewheie 
between  1369,  when  the  tenth  earl  succeeded  to 
the  earldom,  and  1400.  They  could  not  have  been 
put  up  before  1346,  when  Annandale  and  the  Ida 
of  Man  came  to  the  family  by  the  death  ot  the 
Earl  of  Moray,  he  being  succeeded  by  his  siste 
the  Countess  of  March  (the  famous  l^iack  Agnes 
of  Dunbar),  mother  of  the  tenth  earl.  It  is  aradi 
to  be  regretted  that  (as  we  learn)  no  photognph 
of  this  interesting  heraldic  relic  has  been  talran  to 
preserve  an  accurate  representation  of  it.     H.  B.  - 


Anonthoub.  —  I  have  a  jpamphlet  printed  in 
the  style  of  the  Cheap  Repository,  and  entitled  A 
Drop  of  the  Real  for  those  who  love  a  Dram, 
London :  printed  and  sold  by  Howard  and  Evans. 

8vo.  pp.  8.  It  is  signed  •^*  .  Who  is  the  author  f 

W.  E.  A.  A. 

Author  Wanted. — Who  wrote  the  following 
epigram  ? 

"  Lothario,  ravished  with  a  smUc 
From  Chloe  in  a  public  place, 
Exclaimed,  in  trae  theatric  style, 
*  Nature  ne'er  formed  so  Mt  a  Vaoe  I ' 


4«'  S.  IV.  Nov.  13,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


409 


!Bv  chance  the  fop  for  once  was  right ; 
'Twas  merely  paint  and  candle-light." 


Philadelphia. 


M.E. 


The  Rev.  Georqe  Bennet.  —  I  possess  a 
learned  work  by  this  gentleman,  entitled  "  Olam 
Haneshanwth ;  or  a  View  of  tlie  hitermediate  StatCj 
by  the  Rev.  George  Bennet,  Minister  of  the 
Gospel,  Carlisle.  Carlisle,  1800."  Is  anything 
known  of  his  subsequent  history  ?  Was  he  the 
author  of  any  other  work  ?  I  should  suppose 
him  to  have  been  a  Presbyterian  cler^rman  at 
Carlisle.  JonN  Barrie. 

Ab3£S  of  Bess  of  Habdwicke. — On  the  monu- 
ment to  Elizabeth  Hard  wick  Countess  of  Shrews- 
bury, in  All  Saints  Church,  Derby,  the  principal 
shield  contains  the  arms  of  Talbot,  with  several 
quarterings,  impaling  —  1  and  4  argent,  a  saltire 
engrailed  azure  on  a  chief  of  the  second,  three 
roses  of  the  field  :  Hard  wick  of  Hard  wick  j  2  and 
d  ardent,  a  fess  and  in  chief,  three  mullets  sable. 
But  m  several  of  the  rooms  at  Hardwick  Hall  are 
lozenges,  with  Hardwick  in  the  first  and  fourth 
quarterings  -,  in  the  second.  Gules  a  fess  sable 
between  one  mullet  in  chief  and  three  in  base 
argent;  and  in  the  third,  Gules  a  fess  sable 
between  three  mullets  in  chief,  and  one  in  base, 
argent.  From  this  variation  it  is  evident  that  the 
number  of  the  mullets  is  intended  to  be  six  j  but 
the  shape  of  the  lozenge  prevents  their  being  all 
depicted.  I  suppose  this  coat  is  intended  to  be 
the  same  a.s  that  quartered  on  the  monument  of 
Bess  of  Hai-dwick,  and  I  am  anxious  to  know  to 
what  family  it  belonged,  and  which  variation  is 
correct. 

I  have  a  pedigree  of  Hardwick  for  three  gene- 
rations ending  in  "  Bess,"  and  by  this  it  appears 
that  her  mother  was  a  Leake  of  Hasland ;  her 
grandmother,  a  Pinchbeck  of  Pinchbeck;  and 
ner  great-grandmotlier,  a  Blackwall  of  Blackwall. 
Neither  of  these  families,  as  far  as  I  can  discover, 
bore  arms  at  all  resembling  this  quartering  of 
Hardwick.  Edmunj)  M.  Boylb. 

Rock  Wood,  Torquay. 

Armorial  Book-plates. — I  am  anxious  to  learn 
whether  there  are  any  known  examples  of  armo- 
rial book-plates,  with  dates,  before  the  year  1700. 
I  have  seen  many  with  dates  after  that  year,  but 
none  during  the  seventeenth  century.  As  there 
are  now  many  collectors  of  these  armorial  plates, 
which  possess  considerable  value  to  the  genealo- 
gist, would  it  not  be  well  for  collectors  to  know 
where  these  duplicates  could  be  exchanged?  I 
should  bo  glad  to  exchange  duplicates  from  my 
own  collection.  Eb.  West. 

4,  Duncan  Street,  Islington,  N. 

Books  printed  by  Jaggard  and  BLOuin:.— 
Can  any  of  the  contributors  to  "  N.  &  Q."  give  me 
lists,  80  far  as  each  may  know  them — (1)  of  folioB| 


or  of  books  of  nearly  the  same  width,  purporting 
to  be  printed  by  W.  Jaggard ;  (2)  of  the  same 
printed  by  Ed.  Blount;  (3  and  4)  of  the  same 
published  by  either  of  these  respectively  P  I  ask 
for  title  sufficient  to  recognise  the  book  by  au- 
thor*s  name  and  the  date ;  and  as  ''N.  &  Q.  may 
probably  think  these  lists  of  too  little  general 
importaiice  to  print,  I  would  ask  that  they  may 
be  either  forwarded  to  my  address  or  to  the 
editor  of ''  N.  &  Q«''  for  transmission  to  me. 

B.  NiCHOLSOir,  M.D. 
Woodlands  Bead,  Red  Hfll,  Surrey. 

Caguostbo. — At  the  sale  of  the  library  of 
George  Smith,  Esq.,  by  Sotheb^,  Wilkinson,  and 
Co.,  July,  1867,  lot  1026  consisted  of  Cagliostro 
dimasquS  d  Varsovie,  1786,  and  Life  of  Count  Ca^ 
gliodro,  1787.  The  first  of  these  pamphlets  I  am 
anxious  to  see ;  and  if  the  purchaser  of  this  lot 
will  commmucate  with  me,  he  will  confer  a  favour. 

William  E.  A.  Axow,  F.R.S.L. 

Joynson  Street,  Strangewaya. 

Defoe's  "History  op  the  Devil."  —  I  think 
it  would  be  worth  the  trouble  and  worthy  of  the 
space  of  "  N.  &  Q.''  to  identify,  as  fully  as  we  can 
before  the  world  has  got  so  old  that  its  memory 
is  gone,  the  innumerable  characters — ^both  those 
referred  to  by  nicknames  and  those  conoealed  by 
asterisks — ^whom  Defoe  alludes  to  in  his  chef" 
dcsumre.  If  I  see  this  query  inserted  in  your 
columns  I  will  send  one  or  two  guesses  of  my 
own ;  but  the  task  is  probably  far  too  difficult  a 
one  for  any  single  hand  to  accomplish.  It  strikes 
me  as  curious  (if  I  am  right  in  believing)  that 
while  the  victims  of  Pope's  satire  are  nearly  aU 
immortalised  by  name,  no  attempt  has  ever  yet 
been  made  to  do  the  same  for  Defoe's,  by  far  the 
sharper  satinst  of  the  two.  B.  C.  L. 

DiNiTEB  CxrsTOK. — Can  any  of  your  readers 
tell  me  when  the  custom  of  going  into  dinner 
arm-in-arm  first  began  in  En^and  P  I  met  an 
old  lady  onoe  who  assured  me  that  in  her  youth 
(the  end  of  the  last  century'^  the  ladies  all 
walked  into  the  dining-room  nrst,  followed  by 
the  gentlemen.    Can  tms  be  true  P        P.  E.  W. 

Edzel,  Enzib. — ^It  has  often  been  a  puzzle  to 
me  to  explain  such  names  of  places  in  Scotland  as 
Edzel,  Edzelgohn,  Enzie,  &c  The  last  of  these 
names  seems  the  same  with  the  latter  portion  of 
the  Scotch  surname  Mackenne.  Where  in  Scot- 
land is  Edzelsjohn  situated  P  Will  any  of  your 
leaders  kindly  inform  me  P 

EXXA  BXBBSFOBD* 
Lewisham^  ELent. 

Gnyye. — ^How  much  is  a  gnyve  of  landP^  In 
thepedigreeof  MacCarthy  ofDunnianwaY,  given 
in  the  appendix  to  Dr.  CDonovan's  translation  of 
The  AmutU  of  the  Fmo'  Mdsterif  the  wozd  is 


410 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4tt  S.  IV.  Nov.  18.  W. 


repeatedly  uaed  in  some  documents  relative  to  this 

family^  eg.: — 

•*Et  uUerius  dicunt  quod  Dermisius  mac  Teig  mac 
Dermody  clam  at  proprium  jus  hereditatis  de  et  in  terria 
sequcntibus,  viz :  dc  ct  in  villa  et  in  duobus  carrucatis  et 
novem  gnyves  de  Tougher."—  p.  2486. 

Any  information  relating  to  this  family,  who 
were  chiefs  of  Gleann-a-Chroim,  would  be  accept- 
able. Sir  Bernard  Burke,  in  his  Vicissitudea  of 
Families,  differs  from  the  pedigree  as  given  by  Dr. 
O'Donovan.  E.  M.  B. 

Historical  Evidence.  —  What  are  the  true 
principles  to  observe  in  weighing  contested  facts 
in  history,  and  what  is  the  best  book  to  consult 
on  the  subject  of  historical  evidence  ? 

Studiosus. 

Swansea. 

Proverb  :  Hun. — What  is  the  parentage  of  the 
proverb  whose  substance  is,  that  "every  man 
believes  his  own  stand-point  to  be  the  hiib  of  the 
world"?  Also,  what  is  the  radical  meaning  of 
hub  f  Grd. 

LivRE  TouRNOiSE. — Will  any  one  kindly  direct 
me  to  an  accurate  valuation  in  weight  of  silver 
of  the  livre  tounwise  at  the  end  of  the  thirteenth 
century  ?  H.  Y. 

Palermo. 

London  in  1617  and  1618. — ^In  the  Quftrterly 
Heview  for  October,  1867,  is  a  very  interesting 
article  on  an  unpublished  translation  by  Mr. 
Bawdon  Brown^  of  the  diaiy  of  one  Busino,  a 
priest  who  attended  the  Venetian  embassy  in 
1617  and  1618.  The  diary  gives  a  most  curious 
account  of  London  at  that  period,  and  can  hardly 
fail  of  bein^  well  worth  printing,  if  it  has  not 
been  already  published.  Can  you  tell  me  ?  If 
not,  perhaps  Mr.  Bawdon  Brown  could  be  induced 
to  oner  it  to  one  of  our  publishing  societies. 

J.  O.  H. 

Mark  Peterman  von  Westenville. — In  the 
anonymously  published  work  on  art,  Nachrichten 
von  Kiinstleni  und  Kunstsachen  (8vo,  pp.  xxiv.  436, 
Leipzig,  1768),  there  is  the  following  singular 
account  of  a  petrified  man.  Speaking  of  the  en- 
graver, Johann  Ileinrich  Bode  (born  1727,  died 
1750;,  a  pupil  of  the  celebrated  Wille,  and  brother 
to  the  better  known  painter  and  engraver  Chris- 
tian Bemhard  Rode,  the  author  mentions  a  small 
Elate  by  the  former  artist,  representing  a  dwarf, 
olding  in  his  right  hand  a  stick,  and  in  his  left 
a  hat.  On  the  stick  is  engraved:  "W.  del.  B. 
sculpsit  aqua  forti,  Paris,  1752";  on  the  hat, 
**Fais  la  charity  a  un  pauvre  homme."  This 
etching,  which  seems  to  be  rare  (your  excellent 
correspondents  Mr.  William  Bates  and  P.  A.  L. 
can,  perhaps,  give  a  better  description  of  this 
plate  and  its  value),  is  in  quarto  and  bears  the 
lollowing  inscription :  — 

Hark  Peterman  yon  Westenville.     This  man  was 


found  near  Paris  standing  on  the  road  near  a  qoany. 
lie  had  been  standing  there  petrified  for  several  years 
when  he  was  discovered,  which  circumati^noe  conkl  be 
concluded  from  the  fact  that  moss  was  fbnnd  growing 
upon  him.  Ever^'body  had  until  that  time  believed  Um 
to  be  alive,  because  fifty  sous  were  lying  in  his  hat,  halC 
of  which  were  c^uite  clean,  the  othera'petrified.  This  war 
the  gift  of  merciful  souls  for  the  last  twenty-fonr  monthi. 
His  wife,  with  whom  he  lived,  searched  for  and  found 
liim  after  the  time  above  mentioned,  and  sold  his  body  to 
some  medical  men  who  wished  to  dissect  him ;  but  the 
envoy  of  Tripolis  wishes  to  obtain  the  body,  in  order  to 
adorn  [ !  ]  with  it  the  palace  inhabited  by  the  Dey,  hir 
lord  and  master." — Vide  antfe,  Nachrichten^  pp.  77,  78. 

Do  any  of  your  correspondents  curious  in  such 
matters  know  anything  more  about  this ''  petrified 
man ''  P  HsBKAinir  Knioz. 

Germany. 

Pomphrett  Milbotjrne  described  himself  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge  in  1G90 ;  he  was  of 
the  family  of  Milboume  of  Great  Dunmow  (bunr 
third  son  of  Captain  James  Milboume,  by  his  wife 
Margaret,  daughter  of  George  Price,  Esq.,  of 
Esher  in  Surrey),  and  was  nephew  and  godson  of 
Thomas  Pomphrett  of  Butsbury,  in  Essex,  fiom 
whom  he  inherited  certain  properties.  I  wish  to 
ascertain  his  college,  if  he  entered  into  holy  orden^ 
where  he  settled,  and  when  and  where  he  died. 

T.  MiLBouBir. 

Hector,  Duke  of  Monteleonb. — ^Where  cut 
I  obtain  any  information  about  Hector,  Duke  of 
Monteleone,  who,  I  believe,  lived  about  1750  P 

J.  L.  F. 

Oxford. 

Phcexix  Island. — By  whom  was  this  islaiid 
discovered,  and  when  P  It  lies  in  south  latitndft 
3i°,  and  west  longitude  171°.  P.  W.  a 

Plant  Names. — The  following  are  given  in 
Dr.  John  Hill's  Herbarium  Britanmcum  TpabliBhed 
1769-70).  They  do  not  appear  ever  to  nave  beeik 
in  actual  use ;  but  I  should  be  glad  if  any  reader 
can  assist  me  to  the  derivation  of  any  of  uiem,  Oi 
can  refer  me  to  any  other  work  in  which  they 
occur : — Jli/pocJusrtSf  ffosmore ;  Ce?Uaurea  scabiom^ 
harshweed;  Draba,  faverel;  Subtdaria,  glonde; 
Arabis,  molewort.  James  BBiTTBir* 

Royal  Herbarium,  Kew,  W. 

ToMMASi :  "  Life  of  Cjesar  Borgia."— Thers 
is  a  Life  of  Casar  Borgia,  in  Italian,  purporting 
to  be  written  by  Tommaso  Tommasi.  Can  any  of 
your  correspondents  inform  me  when  he  lived,  or 
whether  there  are  any  grounds  for  supposing  utt 
the  name  is  a  pseudonym  of  Gregorio  Xetir  As 
answer  will  oblige.  W.  M.  T. 

Cheltenham. 

Valladolid  Pottery.  —  I  have  a  Madonna  in 
pottery,  part  of  a  presepio.  It  is  very  artis- 
tically moulded,  drapery  coloured  and  gilt,  mantb 
fastened  with  a  real  crystal.  Inside  on  the  rim  il 
the  word  teqa.    I  bought  it  at  a  cariosity  ihqi 


i^MV.  Not.  13, '69.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


at  Seville.  It  U  eaid  to  httve  been  made  at  Valla- 
dolid,  where  many  jcars  a)io  a  fabric  of  porcelaJo 
and  pottery  existed.  Is  anything  known  of  such 
an  establishinent  or  of  aucb  pottery  P      K.  H.  B. 

VfESTBY  Pediobee.— Tbe  pedisree  of  Weatby 
of  KavenflelJ,  in  Hunter's  South  YorhaAire,  states 
tliat  Warden  Georgo  Weslby,  of  Eavenfield,  Esq., 
M.P.  for  Malton  and  a  Coinmi^ioaer  of  Customs 
ctrai  1750,  by  Charlotte  bis  wife  (daugbter  of 
lion.  Jobn  D'Arcy,  son  and  heir  of  Conyors,  Earl 
of  Ilolderness,  and  sister  of  Robert,  tbird  Earl  of 
lloldemcss),    had   issue  one   child  only,  Bridget 

Mary,niarriedml7S0to ■Percival,  Eaq.  I  wish 

to  know  who  orof  where  this  Mr.  Percival  was,  ftnd 
the  names  of  the  children,  if  any,  from  his  alliance 
with  the  heiress  of  the  Westbys.  A  contributor 
to  the  Gadk-mtm'a  Magadne,  in  Jan.  1812,  ^ves 
many  particulars  of  this  brancb  of  the  Westbys 
tmd  WardeLl  George  Westby,  Esq.  lie  mentions 
the  dauehterj  but,  with  Ilunter,  acknowledgea 
his  inability  to  furnish  any  particulars  of  her  after  ' 
marriage  or  her  issue.  Cuarles  Sotheru.    ' 

SI,  Derby  Street,  Ilulme,  Mancliesler. 

Poem  on  the  Wi-e. — Who  is  the  author  of 
fi  poem  on  the  river  Wye  ?  Some  fragmeota  have 
beca  quoted  t«  me  by  a  friend,  but  he  cannot 
recall  the  name  of  the  author.  I  do  not,  of 
course,  refer  to  Wordsworth's  Tintem.         Geb. 


MiRA.  —  Who   wna    "Mira,"   whom   Johnson 
speaks  of  in  his  Life  of  Thomson  as  "once  too 
well  known,"  and  whose  praises  of  that  poet  ap- 
pear in  some  of  tbe  early  eailiona  of  his  works  ? 
A.  C.  L. 

[Tlie  "  heavenly  Mira,"  as  Pope  calls  her  in  his  Wind- 
tor  Fornt,  woa  I'raniMiB  BruitenGll,  daughter  of  Francii 
Lord  Brucleapll,  nlio  marrici],  flrat,  Charles,  second  Kirl 
of  Ncwbur(;li ;  secondly,  liioliarrl  Lord  BelleiT,  an  Irish 
peer ;  and,  lastly,  Sir  Tliomos  Smith,  lut  this  matcb  was 
not  ownei!.  It  was  about  16H9  that  George  Granville, 
Lord  Lansdown,  became  eDBiuourcd  of  the  Countess  of 
Ncuburgli,  whom  he  Las  colcbraled  with  so  much  ardour 
by  the  nuinc  of  Uira.  Dr.  William  King,  Principal  of 
St.  &Iary  Itiill,  Oxford,  who  bad  some  dispute  with  the 
Countess  concerning  property  in  Ireland,  wrote  ■  very 
severe  natire  in  three  books,  enlilled  Tht  Tatul.  1736,  of 
nhieli  this  lady  is  the  heroine.  Dr.  Klag  says,  "  I  bi^a 
The  Tmui  in  anger,  but  I  finished  it  iu  good  humour. 
When  I  had  concluiled  the  second  book,  I  laid  aside  the 
work,  and  I  did  not  take  it  up  again  till  some  jtttt 
after,  at  the  pressing  instances  of  Dr.  SwifL  After  his 
testioionial,  I  ought,  perhaps,  to  esteem  Tha  Toatt  above 
all  my  other  worUs;  however,  I  must  confess  there  are 
some  parts  of  it  which  my  riper  judgment  condemni,  and 
whicli  1  wish  were  expnnged:  particularly  the  description 
of  Mica's  person  in  the  third  book  is  fulsome,  and  on- 


suilable  to  the  polite  minneis  of  the  present  age."  fDr. 
King's  Aoadnta  of  Aii  Own  Tata,  12mo,  1819,  p. «.) 
His  notes  in  Tht  Toail,  on  verses  3  and  8t,  are  vwy " 
severe  on  Lansdown'e  adopted  favourite.  We  awyadi^ 
that  Dr.  Anderson  thinks  it  probable  that  naat  «f  Ott 
verses  addressed  to  Mira,  however  disguised  by  tbeir  ay- 
plication,  were  originally  designed  for  Uary  d'Eita  af 
Hodeno,  whose  charou  had  fascinated  the  noble  laid  at 
college.  1 

Josir  Bbhtsley. — Lowndes  has  thia  nottca  at 
a  John  Brinsley  whom  I  take  to  be  the  fatber  of 
the  one  who  is  the  subject  of  the  present  ^err, 
though  perhaps  wrongly :  "  Brinsley  John,  Lmm 
Littrarivt ;  or,  the  Qrammer  Schoole :  Lond.  161^ 
4to."    Then  follows  this  note :  — 

■'  With  ■  preface  by  Bishop  Hall,  leprinted  1B37.  A 
list  of  the  works  of  this  noted  grammarian,  sometiou  ■ 
schoolmaster  and  minister  in  Great  Tarmonth,  In  Nor- 
folk, an.  16S6,  will  be  fonDd  in  the  British  Hoaeau:  an 
Wood's  Ath.  Otbh.  by  Bliss,  i.  40," 

I  doubt,  however,  whether  the  grsininarian  ia 
the  author  of  the  following  work :  — 

"  Two  Treatises :  tbe  one  handling  the  Doctiuu  of 
Christ's  Hediatoisbip,  wherein  the  Great  Gospel  UvstoT 
of  Reconciliation  between  God  and  Man  is  opened,  vIb- 
dicated,  and  applyod.  The  other,  Of  Mystical  Impla*- 
tation,  wherein  fhe  Christian's  Union  and  Cammu«l«« 
with,  and  Conformity  to  Jesns  Chriit,  both  in  his  DeaA 
itesarrection,  is  opened  and  applyed.    As  these  wan 


Incorporation.  London :  Printed  by  T.  HaKay,  for  Balph 
Smith,  at  the  Sign  of  the  Bible,  Comhill,  near  Uia  Boyal 
Exchange.    IGfil." 

As  I  have  not  acceas  here  to  the  miucm  of 
commumcation  mentioned  by  Bohn's  ZovikIm,  I 
would  aak  information  of  MR.  Batbb  ■»  otbM 
recondite  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  J.  A.  Q> 

Carisbrooke. 

[The  works  of  both  father  and  son  have  been  wtSf 
confounded  by  bibliographers,  as  well  as  in  the  Catolt^ma 
of  tbe  Bodleian  and  tbe  British  Museum.  The  elder  Jaba 
Brinsley,  of  Christ  Collie,  Cambridge,  had  the  can  of 
the  public  school  at  Asbby-de-la-Zoacli,  in  LdoestcofalfiB, 
He  married  a  sister  of  Dr.  Joseph  HatI,  Bishop  of  lTar> 
wich.  The  fiuned  William  Lilly,  Student  in  kataUtgf, 
was  one  of  his  pupils,  as  he  InHbrms  as  ta  Uw  onriaaa 
Hitbyry  of  kU  JJfi  md  7t«s.  "  My  father,"  ba  mjt, 
"  had  me  to  Ashby- de-la -Zonch  to  be  (nstmcted  by  Mia 
Mr.  John  Brinfdey ;  one.  In  those  times,  of  great  abiliUM 
liir  iastruclioD  of  yoath  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  lonfaei. 
He  was  veiy  severe  in  his  life  and  converaatioa,  and  did 
breed  up  many  scholars  Sir  the  univerritiea  :  in  reli^paB 
he  was  a  strict  puritan,  not  con&rmable  wholly  to  th* 
ceremonies  of  the  Chnrch  of  England." 

Hla  son,  the  anthor  of  the  7Vn  TVutiHS,  ban  !■  U- 
cestershira,  was  of  Emmaaoel  College,  Cambridge  aad  a 
mora  vohuninons  writer  than  hia  fatbet.  He  attaadad 
his  onclis  Di,  Hall,  then  Dean  of  Worcastir,  ai  Us 
tbe  synod  of  Doit,     He  died  Jaa.  iS, 


412 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ttS.iy.NoT.18,<6t. 


1664-5.  Vide  Calamy  and  Palmer's  Nonconformists^ 
Memorial,  m.  17,  ed.  1803,  and  "N.  &  Q."  2°«»  S.  xii. 
126, 180.]  , 

RosTETJM. — When  did  this  word  come  into  use  ?  . 
Should  we  not  rather  use  rostra  f    The  erection  ' 
for  speakers  in  the   Roman  Forum  was  called 
rostra,  from  being  adorned  with  the  beaks  (I'ostra) 
of  ships  taken  from  the  Antians  a.u.c.  410. 

J.  G. 

Whitby. 

[The  origin  of  this  word  is  thus  given  in  the  new 
edition  of  Johnson's  Dictionary ^  by  Dr.  R.  G.  Latham: 
•*RosTUDM  [Lat.=beak.]  Tlie  extracts  show  hoAv  (from 
its  application  to  that  part  of  the  vessel  with  which  the 
ancient  ships  pierced  or  run  down  each  other)  it  has  come 
to  signify  a  scaiTold,  platform,  pulpit,  or  any  place  whence 
an  orator  may  make  an  address.  The}'  also  show,  as  the 
original  structure  was  named  rostra  (i.  e.  was  plural),  the 
ordinary  form  rostrum  is  justified  on  the  grounds  of  its 
currency  rather  tlian  its  strict  correctness.  *  Indc  .  .  . 
nomen  rostra,  a  pulpit,  or  tribunal,  in  the  Roman  Forum  . 
where  those  who  addressed  the  people  stood.  .  .  .  Prajtor, 
coucionc  advocata,  cum  C.  Liulio  in  rostra  ascendit, 
mounted  the  rostrum  (more  correctly  the  rostra)  or  com- 
mon pleading-place.'  See  Facciolati  by  Bailey."  The  . 
wortl  rostrum  is  used  by  Pcacham  in  his  Treatise  on 
Drawing f  1612.] 

Shakspeare  Bill  op  Fare. — The  publication 
of  more  than  one  almanac  with  a  quotation  from 
Shakspeare,  applicable  to  the  event  noted  for  each 
day,  reminds  me  of  the  bill  of  fare  at  the  banquet 
at  Stratford-ou-Avon  on  the  occasion  of  the  Ter- 
centenary Festival,  where  tlie  name  of  each  dish 
was  followed  by  a  quotation.  Can  you  tell  mo 
where  I  can  find  a  copy  ?  C.  B.  T. 

[The  bill  of  fare — a  rare  specimen  of  cuisine  litera- 
ture— provided  by  Mr.  r\Iount:ord,  of  Worcester,  for  the 
banquet  of  the  Terceutcn«iry  Festival  at  Stratford-upon- 
Avon,  is  printed  in  R.  K.  Hunter's  Shakespeare  and 
Stratford-upon-Avon,  Vlmo,  18C1,  p.  17"),  being  a  full 
record  of  the  Tercentenary  celebration.] 

Hexry  Thomas  Buckle. — I  should  be  greatly 
obliged  by  references  to  all  the  good  biographical 
notice.^  of  Henry  Thomas  Buckle,  also  to  any 
portrait  of  him  that  may  be  accessible. 

Layaterian, 

[Henry  Thomas  Buc'kIo,  author  of  History  of  Civiliza- 
tion ill  KnylamI,  dio  I  at  Damascus  on  May  31, 1862,  aged 
forty.  Biographical  notices  of  him  appeared  in  the 
Guardian  of  Juu5  11,  1»S02,  p.  571  ;  The  Aihenaum,  Juno 
14,  I80i\  p.  793 }  GeiUlvmuns  Mujazine,  Au^^Mist,  I8G2, 
p.  21)0 ;  Annual  Register,  civ.  33 1 ;  Frasers  Magjzine, 
\x.vi.  337-3  Ij  ;  and  a  valuable  article  on  his  death  from 
the  p'jn  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Stuart  Glounie  in  The  Times  of  June 
18, 1802,  p.  10.] 

Earldom  of  Sussex. — In  the  Life  and  Times 
of  Lady  Huntingdon  (i.  384)   are  mentioned  a 


Lord  and  Lady  Sussex^  in  the  year  1766  or  1767. 
What  was  this  title,  and  by  whom  heldP  and 
when  did  it  pass  into  a  royal  dukedom  P 

LmXLTOH. 


[  Upon  referonco  to  Sir  II.  Kicolas^s  Hiitoric 
by  Court  hope,  it  ^vill  be  seen  that  Thomas  Telvertoii, 
sixteenth  Baron  Grev  of  Ruthin  and  second  Viscount  dt 
Longueville,  was  created  Earl  of  Sossox  S^t.  26, 1717, 
and  the  title  became  extinct  on  the  death  of  the  thiid 
earl  of  that  creation,  s.  p.m.  la.  1799.  Augosfciu  Fredericki 
the  sixth  son  of  George  III.,  was  the  first  Duke  of  SoaieZp 
and  was  so  created  Nov.  27, 1801.] 

Cardinal  Poligxac's  "  Antx-Lucretiub."— 
Has  the  Latin  poem  of  Cardinal  Polignac,  poV 
lished  in  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  caUed 
Anti- Lucretius,  ever  been  translated  into  Englidii 
and  if  so,  by  whom  ?    TnoiiAS  E.  WiNKiyoTMr, 

[This  poem  was  translated  into  English  by  William 
Dobson — *' Anti-Lucretius,  or  God  and  Nature;  a  PoOB 
rendered  into  English  by  the  Translator  of  Paradim  LodL 
(Tendon,  1757,  -Ito)— and  by  George  Canning,  of  the 
Middle  Temple  (who  died  in  1771),  4to,  1766.  TWi 
translation  is  included  in  Canuing^s  Poems  published  ia 
the  following  year.] 

Amateur  Authors'  Club. — ^I  hear  there  is  aa- 
Aniateur  Authors'  Club  established,  to  which 
amateurs  send  their  articles  gratuitously.  Gaa 
anyone  belong  to  it,  and  how  can  infonoatifln 
concerning  rules,  &c.  be  obtained  ?  H. 

[Just  before  receiving  this  query,  the  second  nnmlwr 
of  The  Club  Magazine  reached  as — a  pleasant  little  maga- 
zine, varied  and  amusing ;  and  from  a  notice  in  it  we  an 
enabled  to  infurni  our  correspondent  that  all  communiaa- 
tions  on  the  subject  of  the  Amateur  Authors*  Clnb^  mt  tka 
Magazine,  should  be  addressed  to  the  Hon. 
43,  Westbouriie  Park,  London,  W.] 


WAS  MACBETH  HIMSELF   THE  THIRD  MUR- 
DEKEK  AT  BANQUO'S  DEATH  ? 

i  (4»»»  S.  iv.  2S2.) 

The  entertainment  began  (the  hour  specified  imuf 
bo  dwelt  on)  at  seven,  and  the  banquet  begina  with 
the  fourth  scene  of  the  third  act;  not  far  uom  the 
time  when  night  is  *'  almost  at  odds  with  morn- 
ing, which  is  which."  Macbeth,  having  just 
joiued  his  guests  in  another  part  of  the  paiaoe^ 
conies  with  them  into  tho  hall  where  the  hanquat 
is  prepared.  Giving  as  his  reason  that  it  wonUl 
inaKe  society  more  welcome  to  him,  he  had  aaid 
he  would  keep  himself  **  till  supper  time  alone." 
This  is  supper  time;  he  bids  the  company  be 
seated  at  tlie  table,  and  wishes  to  all  appetite^ 
digestion,  and  health. 
!  It  has  been  thought  that  the  third  muidarar 
was  only  a  confidential  fee'd  servant,^  auoh  as 
Macbeth  had  in  the  house  of  each  of  his  thsnesL 


4*^-  S.  IV.  Nov.  13,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


413 


But  a  mercenary  spy,  and  gatherer  of  gossip  and 
political  opinion,  is  different  from  a  man  whom 
the  king  would  have  admitted  to  a  share  in  the 
designed  murder;  and  had  he  thought  of  using 
one  of  these  creatures,  he  surely  would  not  have 
relied  on  one  with  whom  it  was  possible  to  get 
into    such     an    '^  agitated    condition ''    that  he 
could  not  go  and  tell  his  master  that  the  thing 
was  done.     It  cannot  be  said,  so  far  as  I  see, 
whether  the  first  and  second  murderers  were  or 
were  not  known  to  the  household ;  but  if  they 
were  not,  the  entrance  of  an  utter  stranger  would, 
I  think,  bo  more  likely  to  become  the  subject  of 
remark  than  that   of   an  agitated  servant — for 
whose  agitation,  indeed,  the  banquet  itself  might 
go  far  to  account.     I  would,  however,  be  inclined 
to  believe,  from  the  fact  of  his  going  there,  that 
the  first  murderer  was  not  so  entirely  a  stranger 
as  to  attract  attention.  Before  entering  the  palace, 
he  would  naturally  change  his  dress  and  wash 
himself,  and  appear  at  tne  door  of  the  banquet 
hall  habited  like  other  guests,  soldiers,  or  ser- 
vants.   In  his  haste,  however,  he  had  left  a  stain 
upon  his  face. 

Having  cut  Banquo's  throat,  he  would  not  be 
likely,  "  for  fear  of  failure,"  to  do  any  more.  He 
tells  of  this  as  his  own  particular  act,  and  by  and 
bye  speaks  of  the  twenty  trenched  gashes,  ''  the 
least  a  death  to  nature  ;  from  which  it  may  be 
inferred  that  the  third  murderer  ha^ine  dealt 
these  and  disappeared,  the  first,  if  he  did  any- 
thing, cut  the  aead  man's  throat,  either  to  have 
something  practical  to  report  of  himself,  or  to 
fulfil  Macbeth's  injunction — that  there  should  be 
left  '*  no  rubs  nor  botches  in  the  work."  It  has 
been  thought  that  the  murderer  might  exaggerate 
to  get  more  pay :  that  is  to  say,  having  only  cut 
Banquo's  throat,  he  invented  the  other  wounds. 
But  thai  which  erelong  shook  its  head  at  the 
secrets't  man  of  blood,  had  "  gory  locks " ;  it  had 
"  brains  out" ;  it  had  many  "mortal  murthers  on 
itacronm^*y  it  was  "blood  boUered"  (its  hair 
tufted  with  blood) ;  and,  as  if  that  were  nothing, 
the  assassination  having  been  complete  without 
it,  it  made  no  show  of  a  cut  throat,  which  might 
have  been  an  awful  sight :  — 

"  Nay,  never  ope  thy  gory  throat  at  me." 

The   three  murderers  enter  spedking,  as  the 

"  But "  shows ;  and  the  second  tells  the  first  to 

dismiss  his  doubts,  for  the  new-comer  plainly 

knows  all  about  it, 

"  He  needs  not  our  mistrust,  since  ho  delivers 
Our  offices,  and  what  we  have  to  do, 
To  the  direction  ju;t." 

Messrs.  W.  G.  Clark  and  W.  A.  Wright's  note 
is:  — 

"  *ne  needs  not  our  mistrust*:  that  is,  there  Is  no 
need  for  us  to  mistrust  him.  The  stranger^  directions  to 
the  two  murderers  exactly  correspond^  with  Macbeth's 
previous  instructions." 


And  the  elliptical  edition-— as  one  is  tempted  to 
call  that  published  by  Cassell's  firm,  from  the 
frequent  repetition  of  the  word  in  its  notes  (re- 
markable, in  my  opinion,  for  blood  and  judgment 
well  commingled) — says :  — 

** '  He  needs  not  our  mistrust.'  The  '  He '  here  seems 
to  refer  to  Macbeth,  but  it  is  said  of  the  third  murderer, 
by  the  second  to  his  associate  the  first  murderer.  TIm 
meaning  of  the  speech  is,  '  We  need  not  mistrost  him,' 
since  he  brings  as  word  what  we  have  to  do,  exactly 
according  to  our  employer's  directions.  That  thu  is  the 
true  interpretation  is  shown  by  the  first  murderer's  re- 
joinder :  *  Then  stand  with  us.'  As  this  brief  dialogue  is 
managed,  however,  the  cff^  is  included  of  the  two  men's 
sense  of  Maebeth's  mistrust  of  themselves,  bv  thus  send^ 
ing  a  third  to  join  them  and  keep  them  to  their  pled^gvd 
word." 

It  has  been  thought  that,  when  the  fint  mur- 
derer says  — 

"  Now  near  approaches 
The  subject  of  our  watch,"—- 

he  may  have  heard  them  coming.  But  from  tiia 
character  of  the  language  it  is  obvious,  I  ihink| 
that  the  man  is  merelj  following  up  his  talk  as 
to  the  daylight  ezpinng,  and  travellers  behind 
time  makmg  up  for  delay,  and  that  he  means 
''They  canH  be  far  off  mw."  His  words  belonff 
to  continued  watching,  though  there  is  increased 
expectation  \  but  the  third  murderer  speaks  to  a  ' 
fact;  ^has  detected  a  sound,  and  seems  almost 
to  interrupt  the  other,  and  call  him  to  listen^ 
with  — 

**Bark!  I  hear  AorMt." 

They  have  dismounted  at  the  lodffe  [(or  some- 
thing of  that  kind),  given  up  their  horses  to  be 
taken  round  the  mile-long  way  to  the  stables  | 
and  the  father  has  called  for  and  obtained  a  torch|  » 
on  the  shining  of  which  the  third  murderer  says: 
**  Tis  he." 

As  to  his  extinguishing  this  light,  much  cannot 
rest  on  that  I  said,  "  probably  to  do  away  with 
the  chance  of  his  being  reoojg|msed,  he  seems  to 
have  struck  down  the  fiffht  (although  he  asked 
about  it),  and  it  was  he  who.  searching  ih« 
ground,  found  Fleanee  escaped.'^  I  have  been 
asked,  ''Is  it  at  all  likely  that  Mad>eth,  in  the 
banquet  hall,  would  inquire  of  the  first  mordmer 
whether  Ileance  had  been  killed,  when,  if  he  had 
been  with  them,  he  knew  that  he  had  escaped  F  " 
The  answer  is,  "  Of  course  he  wouldJ"  Alttioagli 
he  had  been  their  associate,  they  were  not  to 
know  it  They  must  remain  in  the  belief  that 
the  man  who  joined  them  had  been  sent  b)r  him, 
and  in  the  palace  it  was  necessary  for  him  to 
simulate  one  who  was  asking  and  receiving  news. 
It  has  been  thought  that,  if  the  two  mordererB 
were  disappointed  retainers  of  Banqno  (the  pro- 
bability is  that  they  belonged  to  the  army,  of 
which  Ifacbeth  and  Banquo  had  been  the  jdnt 


captains,  and  that  they  lacked  advancement),  tiiej 
wonld  naturally  be  interested  in  eztingmaldng 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4>a.nr.  Kov.ii^w 


Um  toait,  and  effectuallj  conceBling  themselvea. 
But  if  JUacbeth  wu  there,  dnrlineas  (itfter  be  bad 
had  iust  ligbt  enough  to  eoAblo  bini  to  aim  hia 
fint  dIows  rightly)  waa  infinitely  more  precious 
te  him.  Thfy  might  be  reco)piiged,  and  fly  if  the  j 
Ttfoject  migcaniedj  and  they  nad  nothing  to  lose. 
£ut  what  if  it  failed,  and  the  king  had  been  re-  ' 
Tealed  with  a  red  handF  The  point,  howevei, 
is  not  cleai,  and  indeed  many  things  mi^ht  be 
taid  on  it.  For  instance,  if  the  fnthei  earned  the 
torch,  it  would  fall  with  him ;  if  the  son  carried 
it,  he  would  naturnUj  drop  it  in  the  surprise  of 
attack,  or  cBBt  it  away  to  favour  his  flig-ht :  in 
uther  case,  it  might  go  out  of  itself;  end  the 
ibtid  mnrderer's  question  may  have  had  refurence 
to  his  necesuty  for  ligbt  in  searching  foi  Fleance. 
It  has  been  ashed,  how  it  was  that  the  first 
and  second  murderers  did  not  recognise  Mac- 
beth. The  scarcely  necessary  answer  is,  ''  As  it 
ma  Dtterly  important  that  he  should  iiol  be  re- 
cognised by  anybody,  be  would  bo  most  carefully 
diwuised. 

Levity  m  Macbeth's  talk  with  the  murderer,  in 
tbe  banquet  hall,  has  been  remarked  by  cummen- 
tatora,  &C.  One  of  the  editions  above  referred  to 
says,  as  to  tbe  word  safe  (used  ss  Pagan  might 
M>j  to  a  friend,  "  They're  after  Bill,  but  Nancy's 
oS  riyW)—"  There  is  a  kind  of  grim  levitT  in 
tbe  equivocally-sounding  word  here  used,  tbathor- 
tibly  enhances  the  gbastlinnss  of  the  colloquy;" 
and  for  myself,  I  cannot  help  nesocintiog  a  tone 
of  ligbt  scorn  with  these  phrases  —  "tbe  beet 
«'  cut-throats,"  and  "  tbe  nonpareil " — us  if  Mac- 
beth knew  well  how  littlo  the  man  liad  done. 

It  has  been  considered  tbnt  the  words,  "  Tbou 
canst  not  sav  I  did  itl"  are  just  the  sort  of  words 
•  s  murderer  bv  depu^  would  use     '" 
Ami  had  uodaed,  "  Thou  art  the 


But  nn  appari 
innn  " — and  with 
■neb  an  accuser,  be  could  not  hope  to  pass  it  over 
on  tbe  two  hirelings.  Allah  Pauk  Patok. 

Watt  UDnamcnt,  Greenock. 


"  Chirles  de  Schomberi;,  Doe  d'HallwTn,  ptfr  M 
mar&bd  da  Fianco  (fill  ds  HaDii  de  Schomlitqc  at  9m 
FnnfoiHe  d'Eplnav),  naqntCL  Nanthndl  la  IB  ttf  IML 
C*  cle  Kanthauil  b  Divieatil." 

First  married  to  Ann  d'llallwyn  in  1620,  nd 
secondly  to  Marie  d'Hautefort  in  1646.  Dutio- 
guiBhea  himself  at  the  sieges  of  Salua  and  of 
Ferpif^an.  Was  sent  as  viceroy  in  Catalonia,  aiid 
took  Tortosa  by  storm.  His  head-dress  and  mtu- 
tochio  as  worn  in  the  time  of  Lewis  ZUL  Hs 
died  in  1GG6.  Ilia  coat  of  arms,  like  that  of  Ua 
father  Henry,  of  whom  I  have  also  a  portnd^ 
who  distiuf^uished  himself  at  I'ile  de  Kh&  Head- 
dress and  beiird  A  la  Bichelieu. 

Of  Frederic,  Duke  of  Scbonberg,  I  have  a  paw 
trait  by  Larmessin,  with  a  quite  aifTeient  coat  of 
arms.  He  was  of  a  different  family,  aon  of  Han* 
Meynbard,  Count  of  Schonberg,  M''  of  tJie  Higb 
and  Low  Palatinate,  and  of  Ann  Sutton,  danghter 
of  Edward  Eari  Dudley.  Bom  in  1608,  be  mi 
killed  on  .Tuly  1 1, 1690,  at  the  battle  of  theBoyna, 
bavinf^,  after  tbe  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  NnntN, 
left  France  and  entered  the  service  of  WilUui 
Prince  of  Orange.  On  his  return  from  Fortngal, 
Lewis  XIV.  wanted  to  give  him  tbe  manhiTl 
truncheon,  but  at  the  price  of  bis  abjontuo. 
Here  is  his  noble  reply : — 

"Sla  religion  m'ctt  plus  clikni  qua  tontes  choMSi  A 
'  m'en  consular  qua  la  rol  in'an  litjug^difps." 
'  His  first  wife  was  bi»  cousin  Jeanne,  ^labeth 
de  Bcbonberg  (whoso  daughter  was  abeP),  bj 
whom  lie  had  five  sons — Frederic,  Mevobaid,  QUo 
I  { who  wsa  killed  under  tbo  walls  ofValenraennai  in 
I  1G5G),  llenry  (wbu  died  ofhis  wounds  at  BniaseU), 
and  Charles  (who  fought  like  a  hero  atUamagHa, 
,  at  the  head  of  five  bsttnlions  of  refugees.)  Of 
Meynhard,  Duke  of  Leinsler,  Count  of  Schonbttig 
and  Mertola,  time  of  Cjueen  Anne,  I  have  a  mei- 
lotiuto  by  J.  Smith,  after  Sir  Godfrey  KnalW; 
likewise  an  engniring  of  Frfd^ric-Armand  d« 
Schonberg  by  Gaillard  after  Kneller.      P.  A.  L. 


POKTRAIT  OF  CHARLES  DUKE  OF  SCIIOUBERG. 

(2°''  S.  X.  494,) 
Looking  over  tbe  General  Index  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
I  cannot  find  that  any  anan-er  was  over  given  to 
tbe  query,  "  Is  there  any  portrait  in  existence  of 
Charles  Duke  of  Schomberg?  "  But  before  re- 
plying to  tbe  question,  niuy  I  be  allowed  to  put 
another,  viz.,  why  is  tliu  name  so  generally 
written  with  an  »n— Scliojuberg  ?  The  word  is 
evidently  derived  from  uhiM  (scliocn)  and  bog, 
and  I  have  letters  written  by  several  of  tlio  dis- 
tinguished members  of  tbin  illustrious  family 
■bowing  that  they  invariably  spelt  their  name 
SchouherE.  In  ]C60-r>2,  Darot  published  in  Paris 
•  series  of  portraits  of  celebrated  men,  with  their 
coats  of  arms,  and  a  short  biographical  notice  { 
among  them  is  tbnt  of 


HORAT.  CARU.  I.  SS. 
(4"'  S.  iv.  112, 181,  230,  207,  MI.) 
Permit  me  to  set  Mr.  KBionTLXY'e  mind  at 
rest,  by  tbe  assurance  that  I  have  not  been,  not 
am  tbe  least  bit  nettled  by  any  opinions  be  bai 
expressed  as  tn  my  ignorance  "  on  the  subject  of 
mytholo^  " ;  the  less  so  as  ho  bos  done  me  tbe 
unmerited  honour  of  classing  me  with  such  namai 
as  Bentley  and  I'orson. 

Quintus  Curtius  snys  of  Alexander  (1.  iii.  c  3)| 
"  Ille  nequicquam  diu  luctstus  cum  lat«ntibna 
,  nodis ;  ?iihil,  inquit,  intered  quomodo  tolooMturt 
gladioque  ruptia  omnibus  loris,  oraculisortem  vol 
elusit,  vel  implevit "  —  n  process  aometimec  H 
j  convenient  as  summary,  and  one  whieb  lb, 
I  KEioniLET  seems  to  have  Bdopt«d  in  hii  tnt^ 


4»8.IT.  Not.  I3,'69.] 


KOTES  AND  QUERIEa 


ment  of  my  "podtdoua  and  asaertioiu."  Dib- 
Mntuu  then,  as  He  saje,  totftUj  from  eveiy  one  of 
these,  I  am  driven  to  the  eoDcluBion  that  he  still 
meintains  that  "  the  Komui  relieioa  knew  nothing 
of  Proserpine  "  — that  the  "  epotles  of  Horace  eie 
Dot  Ijrical,"  and  >'  intended  to  be  sang  " — uid 
that  this  stanza  of  the  28th  ode  is  the  ^ift  of  an 
interpolator,  and  the  nation  of  the  haii-cutting 
borrowed  from  Virgil. 

Now  I  ve^  much  re^t  that,  in  mj  last  com- 
munication, I  did  not  give  Libera  instead  of  Libi- 
tina  as  one  of  the  several  namea  by  which  Proser- 
^ne  was  known ;  because  if  any  reliance  is  to  be 
Tilaced  upon  auch  writers  as  Cicero,  Livy,  and 
Tacitus,  the  question  is  beyond  all  doubt,  that  so 
far  from  the  Roman  religion  knowing  nothing  of 
her,  she  occupied  a  verr  prominent  place  therein. 
That  Libera  was  identical  with  Proierpme,  I  ap- 
peal to  Cicero  (In  Verrem,  iv,  48) — ■'  et  raptam 
ease  Liberam,  quam  eandem  Proierpiaam  vocant." 
That  she  was  reco^ised  in  the  Roman  reliKion, 
to  the  same  oration,  "  mihi  ludos  sanctissimos 
mazim&  cum  curu  et  cceremoni^  Cerori,  Libera, 
LAera^ue  faciundos  " — "mihi  ludos  antiquun'mot, 
qui  primi  Romani  appellati  sunt,"  &c.  And,  as 
still  stronger,  to  lib.  v,  72,  187,  "Teque  Ceres  et 
Libera — quarum  sacra  popiilut  Somaaut  a  Grteda 


csBteris  hinc  tradita  esse  videantur."  Livy's  tes- 
timony' IB,  lib,  xxsiii.  2fi, "  Er  argento  mulctatido 
tria  eigoa  oenea  Cereri,  Liberoque,  et  Libera 
poauerunt"  So  again,  xli.  38  — "  et  altenun 
diem  supplicatio  ad  Cereris  Liberi  Liberague  fuit." 
Tacitus  says  of  Tiberiua  (An.  ii.  49),  "  .Mdem 
dedicavit  Libero,  Zibereeqae  et  Cereri  juzta  Cir< 
com  Maximum."  The  issue  thon,  on  this  point, 
lies  not  so  much  between  Mb.  ^ishtlet  and 
myself,  as  between  him  and  his  German  friends 
on  the  one  part,  and  Cicero,  livj,  and  Tacitus  on 
the  other. 

On  the  matter  of  the  epodes,  I  will  only  add  to 
m^  former  remarks  one  or  two  extracts  &om 
Liddell  and  Scott,  lub  voce  "  Vi^o't,  4  (rarely  t, 
Hephaest.  p.  129,  Qaisf.),  an  aftersnag,  epode, 
part  of  a  lyric  ode  sung  after  the  strophe  and 
antistroph^,  Dion.  H.  Comp.  p.  131.  Of  such 
odea,  called  ir^itxd,  most  of  Kodar'a  and  the 
Tragic  choruses  consist  ...  A  verse  or  passage 
returning  at  intervals,  a  chorut  burden,  or  re- 
frain, as  in  Theoer.  1,  2.  Bion  1.  Mosch.  3."  I 
presume  Mk.  Keiohtlei  will  not  deny  that  the 
tragic  choruaea  were  intended  to  be  budr;  Horace 
did  not,  for  he  enjoins  "  neu  quid  medioa  iiier- 
einat  actus." 

And  now,  "  ecce  iterum  Crispinus,"  the  dis- 
puted stanza — the  "  head  and  front  of  my  oSend- 
lag"  I  honestly  admit  that  it  it  borrowed — 
Bot  by  an  interpolator,  but  by  my  old  fiiend 
Flaccua  himaelf.  He  borrowed  much.    He  prided 


himself  upon  doing  so,  and  thus  layi 

"  Qabd  ai  ms  lyrida  vatibiu  iDseris, 
Snbllnil  fsrism  ndei*  veitico." 
As  the  quarry  from  which  he  dug  ibis  stanu,  I 
will  lake  leave  to  rofer  Mb.  Kbiohilbt  to  Smon- 
ides  Amorginus,  Eft  B^  irBfJrnnr,  11-22.  The 
passage  is  too  Ions  to  quote  in  extauo,  but  I  mOft 
ask  for  space  to  lay  three  or  four  lines  of  it  fay 
the  side  of  about  two  from  the  stanza,  to  tkov 
how  very  near  they  come  : — 

,     .      .     Tol*  f  'Ap«i  liB>u|fUvou( 
ttiiiwu  fuXnlnji  'Aib|>  iwh  x^rJt. 
Ol  I'  ir  SoA  Jmrp  XaJAoiri  KXamt^uim, 
Eal  Kiiimn*  roUsTin  vefif  uf^t  itii 


To  Persephone,  as  "  the  arluter  of  mortal  fate," 
I  am  quoting  myself  there  are  the  dearest  alln- 
aiona  in  many  of  the  Greek  poets,  and  some  moro 
than  indirect  to  her  having  to  do  with  this  out- 
ting  off  the  bur.  The  notion  that  it  was  borrowed 
from  Virgil  is  not  originaL  It  was  held  by  Cor- 
nutus,  the  preceptor  of  PerniU)  but  full^  dispoaed 
of  by  Macrobius,  Another  name  for  this  goddeM 
was  Kopi,  Ion.  teipn,  Dor.  K^po.  Now,  in  her 
lament  for  Adonia  (Bion.  lA/l.  l  65,  66J,  Aphio« 
dit6  says ; — 

A4u3an  neptra^ra  rlr  l/iif  rimr.  hrl  Tip  Obri 
niAXir  Jfwv  Kpiatmr  '  rb  tl  tb^  uit3»  It  rl  omffA 

And  line  06,  we  have — K^  t^  /uc  oIm  InX^n. 
And  I  have  noticed  that  whenever  tUs  hwr-«ut- 
tjng  is  alluded  to,  though  not  immediately  referred 
to  Petsephone  as  the  <'9^t  it  is  always  in  clow 
connection  with  her.  Witness  1.  81  in  the  abors 
idyl,  and  cf.  the  epitaph  from  Sappho  bepnning 
Ti^iUoi  £S(  idnt,  in  which  we  have— 

&>  ml  i*D^i/iAvi  irSir«  vtoSSyi  ffiUnt 
SfjKn  liuprif  nfwiii  ttvrra  xiiuaff 

immedittcdy  preceded  I7 

IHd  one  wish  for  another,  that  he  might  meet  • 
happy  de&th,  the  common  phrase  was,  'EUw  it 

i\£irr,^  ltp4r  Tflxa-     ■>!>•»•  P-  Tli.  164 

And  now,  fully  redproCAting  MK.KKieiiTLn'S 
wish  that  we  may  part  on  the  very  beat  poariUB 
terms,  let  me  candidly  assoia  him  that  it  was 
quite  remote  from  my  thought  to  indulge  in  any> 
thing  like  a  sneer  at  anything  he  mar  liBva 
written  here  or  elsewhere.  What  I  said  of  his 
book  I  fully  meant  Not  having  read  it,  I  conld 
form  no  opinion  of  its  merite,  but  readily  accepted 
hisinlieuof  my  own.  I  certainly  difier  from  Jun 
widely  in  mni^  that  he  has  wtUten  on  the  sab' 
ject  we  have  diecuMed-^mott  of  alt  that  tiie  jnd^ 
ment  of  modem  oritioi  is  to  be  pwfetwd  to  that 
of  writen  who  lived  at  Uio  time  wbes,  and  in  Hha 
oonnlij  when,  the  ejitem  of  which  tb^  witta 


416 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«i  S.  TV.  KoT.  U»  *99k 


was  in  full  and  active  force.  And  if  these  are  to 
bo  repudiated  as  authority  and  evidence  of  the 
nature  of  the  reli^on  which  then  prevailed,  and 
under  which  they  lived,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  conceive 
to  what  source  these  gentlemen  have  gone  for  the 
materials  on  which  they  have  founded  their  views. 
Of  Welcker  I  know  nothing.  I  am  glad  Mr. 
KEionTLET  is  satisfied  with  his  commendation. 
In  a  case  of  my  own,  I  should  have  been  inclined 
to  regard  it  as  a  dubious  compliment — one  word 
for  me  and  two  for  himself.  After  all,  *'  the  proof 
of  the  pudding  is  in  the  eating" ;  and  from  the 
extensive  sale  of  his  work,  Mr.  Keiohtley  has 
reaped  a  recompense  more  substantial  than  words, 
and  therefore  has,  and  will^  I  trust,  have  still 
greater  cause  to  say  — 

"  Ilic  mcret  sera  liber  Sosiis,  hie  et  mare  transit, 
£t  loDgum  noto  scriptori  prorogat  asvum.'* 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 
Patching  Rectory,  Amndcl. 


RHYME  TO  MACKONOCHIE. 

(4*»»  S.  iv.  311.) 

It  is  suggested  by  Anox.  that  it  might  be  a 
pleasing  puzzle  to  some  readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  to 
nnd  another  rhyme,  in  addition  to  the  three  he 

fives.  Here  are  eight  more,  but  introduced,  I  fear, 
y  very  indiflferent  verses :  — 

"  Why  so  suspicious, 
Or  avaricious. 

Why  then  will  not 
Mr.  Mackonochie 
Give  any  one  a  key  ? 

Wherefore  I  wot. 

"  Tis  for  the  chest  of  alms 
He  feels  such  precious  qualms : 

One  even  hears 
Mr.  Mackonochie 
Won't  give  his  son  a  key ; 
Such  are  his  fears. 

"  Both  wealthy  and  wise 
Are  small  in  his  eyes ; 

Nor  even  would 
Mr.  Mackonochie 
Give  Solomon  a  key, 

£'cn  if  he  could.' 

"  Thinking  his  alms  chest 
Far  above  all  the  rest 

Precious  and  rare ; 
Mr.  Mackonochie 
Won't  abandon  a  key 

Out  of  his  care. 
**  Nay  it  is  even  thought 
Deeming  he  never  ought. 

So  never  would 
Mr.  Mackonochie 
Give  a  demon  a  key : 

Sav  whv  he  should. 

"  Yet  independent 
Some  of  his  favour,  went 

To  him,  and  told 
Mr.  Mackonochie 
They  had  foregone  a  key. 

Heedless  and  bold. 


"  Once  it  was  said  indeed 
Further  he  did  proceed : 

In  a  great  fright 
^Ir.  Mackonochie 
Walked  out  upon  a  qaay, 
On  a  dark  night. 

Meaning  to  fling  a  key 
Into  the  rolling  sea  : 

Hy  a  chance  rare, 
Soniebody  won  a  key 
Dropped  by  Mackonochie, 

Ere  he  got  there." 


u 


F.  0.  H. 


Your  correspondent  seems  to  have  forg^ottfln 
the  following  Imes,  which  are  clearly  a  oontiBiui* 
tion  of  those  he  sent  you :  — 

"  They,  nothing  caring. 
Insolent,  swearing:. 

Made  him  give  in. 
Then  cried,  *  Dear  Mackonochie, 
We,  having  won  a  key. 

Finger  the  tin.* 

"  When  he  upbraided  them, 
A  Spanish  don  aided  them 

To  press  their  demand. 
They  next  bade  Mackonochie 
Give  the  bold  don  a  key 

Straight  out  of  hand." 


THE  WORD  «  METROPOLIS." 

(4»»»  S,  iv.  836.) 

I  venture  humbly  to  protest  against ''  N.  ft  Q.* 
appearing  to  endorse  with  its  high  aathori^ 
TEWARs'  astonishing  assumption  that  ne  Tumi 
is  ''absurd'^  when  it  styles  ''the  bishopzie  of 
London  the  metropolitan  see,"  and  that  ''tlM 
capital  city''  and  '^the  metropolis''  cannot  bi 
''convertible  terms."  I  have  no  pretenaiooi  to 
write  as  a  classical  scholar ;  but  Knowing  tiMb 
from  time  whereof  my  own  memory  at  letft' 
runneth  not  to  the  contrary,  statutes  dxawn  hf 
educated  men  and  interpreted  by  educated  jodgw 
have  always  adopted  the  word  in  the  aense  vf 
which  Tewars  complains,  I  was  so  atartled  •• 
to  take  down  my  Liddell  and  Scott,  and  laok 
at  the  word  firrrp6iro\is.  What  I  find  tliM 
only  increases  my  bewilderment  as  to  whetiMT 
Tewars  is  in  jest  or  earnest.  It  tells  me  1W 
Herodotus  gives  the  title  to  "  Athene  in  lelalidB 
to  her  Ionian  colonies  ";  that  both  Herodotoa  md 
Thucydides  give  it  to  "Doris,  in  relation  to  ^ 
Peloponnesian  Dorians  " ;  that  EBppocratea  stito 
the  brain  "  the  metropolis  of  cold  *' ;  and  *tidlt 
Stephanus  Byzantinus  (the  highest  authoritf  df 
all,  because  a  modem  one),  at  the  beginning  oP 
the  sixth  century,  uses  the  word  "  in  our  aonte 
capital  city."  This  is  what  I  learn  from  lid- 
dell and  Scott  I  turn  to  English  dictiowHEiMl 
Bailey  (23rd  edition,  1773) :  "The  chief  otTtf 
a  province  or  kingdom."    Perry  (1806):  *m» 


4*  s.  IV.  Nov.  13/69.]             NOTES  AND  QUEBIES.  417 

mother  city,    the    chief  city  of   any  country."  deviating  from  it:  bat  by  chance  it  happened  to 

Walker  (184G) :  '^  The  mother  city,  the  chief  ahr  stumble  on  the  older  meaning  of  the  word,  and 

of  any  country  or  district.''    I  feel  half  ashamedi  the  more  correct.    Ajs  to  when  the  word  was  first 

however^  of  ai^king  you  to  waste  your  space  even  used  in  an  Act  of  Parliament,  I  have  no  idea; 

by  these  few  proofs  that,  from  Herodotus  to  The  nor  does  it  matter,  if  it  be  the  correct  meaning. 

TvneSythe  blunder  which  Tewars  exposes  Tif  it  Facciolatigiye8ita8''mothercity  of  any  country, 

be  a  blunder)  has  been  committed  by  everyoody  and  quotes  the  edicts  of  Theodosius  and  Valen- 

who  has  had  occasion  to  use  the  word  in  question,  tinianus  raising  Berytus.  a  city  of  Phoenicia,  to 

I  venture  again  to  repeat,  that  my  great  difficulty  the  dignity  of  a  metropous :  — 

is  in  grasping  what   your  correspondent  means.  «  Propter  mnltas  justasque  cansas,  metropolitano  no- 

If  England   has  a   metropolis  at  all,  I  presume  mine  ac  dignitate  civitatem  Beiytum  decemimus  exor- 

this  is  London;    and  what  is   in  or  connected  nandam.** 

with  the  metropolis  is,  I  suppose, "  metropolitan."  In    French  even,   mitropole   meant  formerly 

Does  Tewars  wish  metropolises,   like    pocket-  "  viUe  capitale  d'une  province."    Then  the  ecde- 

boroughs,  to  be  abolished  P  or  does  his  objection  siastical  sense  overlaid  it,  and  it  became  appli- 

consist  in  the  fact  that  some  other  city  better  cable  to  archbishoprics  only.    So  that  Paris,  Bor- 

deserves  the  dignity  ?                              K.  C.  L.  deauz,  and  Rouen  are  eadi  a  metropolis — ''  sont 

des  m^tropoles."     I '  may  conclude  with  some 

words  of  ^escherelle,  valuable  not  only  to  prove 

The  absurdity  of  TIw  Times  in  styling  the  this  point,  but  to  teach  the  duty  of  a  parent  date 

bishopric  of  London  the  metropolitan  see  is  only  (jurrpdno?as)  to  her  colonies :  — 

of  a  piece  with  the  general  confusion  of  words  **  8e  dit  d'un  ^tat  par  rapport  k  ses  colonies.   Les  oolo- 

and  their  meanings  which  is  the  natural  conse-  niee  doivent  fitre  prot^gA»  par  leur  mdtropole." 

quence  of  the  establishment  of  such  an  institu-  ^»  ^'  ^« 

tion  as  the  daily  press.   Babel,  I  believe,  is  merely        Mayfair,  W. 

a  Mosaical  apolo<jue  typifying  the  establishment 

of  some  printing  house  issuing  a  daily  gazette  on  HANGING  OR  MABBTING. 

the  banks  of  the  Euphrates.    As  Canterbury  is  the  /jo,  g  •     204^ 

metropolitan  see,  London  cannot  be.     The  term  ^         *     '         '               -      j  i 

is  incorrectly  used  in  an  eoclesiaatical  sense ;  but  John  Manningham's  IHmy,  lately  prmted  hj 

is  Tewars  correct  in  thinking  that  it  is  improper  Sir  W.  Tite,  has  the  following  entry  on  this  sub- 

**  to  call  London  the  '  metnopolis,'  as  if  the  capital  ject  at  p.  102,  under  date  December  12, 1602  :— 

city  and  the  metropolis  were  convertible  terms"?  ** It  is  the  cnstome  (not  the  lawe)  in  Fraunce  and 

MrrrpSnoKis  is  mother  state  or  city;  and  liddell  I**^^' ^^^^^ *°*® °^*^"T^ P'?^^ •^Pl]!^^ 

««^   Q«.>ff  oU^^  +!,„♦  Qf««Uo«»o   n„,««*;««-    ;«  for  a  husband  a  man  which  u  going  to  execution,  he 

a^d  Scott  show  that  Stephanus  Byzantmiw,   m  ^^  ^  reprieved,  and  she  may  %te&e  a  pardon,  and 

the  year  600  a.d.,  perhaps  uses  it  as  "  capital  city  numy  hin^  that  both  their  lU  lives  may  be  bettered  l^ 

in  our  sense."  ^'  The  principal  city,"  says  ttichard-  so  hoUe  an  action.    Hence  grew  a  jeast,  when  a  scoffing 

son,  '*  of  a  country  or  district,  civil  or  eoclesiaft-  gentlewoman  tdd  a  gentleman  shee  heard  tha^he  was  bi 

tical";  and  he  quotes  IlacUy 8  roy^e,  where  ^^^^J^^^J^JTJ^^i^ 

Moscow  18  termed  "the  m«<r<?po/rfc  city."    One  ^"2^ woSd have b^k me.'                          _„ 

might  cite  many  good  authors  to  show  that  Lion-  mjq  Vm^mA  it  hath  bin  vsed  that  yf  a  woman  wul 

don  is  properly' called  the  Metropolis.    The  con-  beg  a  coiaMmned  person  for  hsr  husband,  shee  most  come 

fusion  arises  in  the  accident  which  has  ^ven  to  in  hhr  smocke  ondy,  and  a  white  rod  inliir  hand:  as 

Canterbury  an  ecclesiastical  pre-eminence  m  Eng-  ^*JI?  "^^il?  tS^^S'^  FIcoard  that  was  soinff  to  es»> 

land,  el^e*  throughout  Christendom  the  metro-  eatl^!mS%en  he  iweaUmping  wemle^ming  to 

politan  bishop  ot  a  province  was  located  in  the  y^^gg  him,  <oh,  shee  limps,  she  limns  T  sajd  hse,  'dia- 

chief  town  of  the  province.     The  ancient  synods  paldi  ma  qnidkly,'  preferring  death  before  a  limping 

styled  him  Metropolite  (Barrow  quoted  by  Hi-    wife."  

chardson),  and  molropolites  of  chief  cities  were  .        ^'  ^  KwniBDT. 

called  Archbishops.     When  the  Church  began  to  ©V  Strset,  Bath.         ^^^^^^ 

tower  up  over  the  temporalities,  the  corruption 

created  a  corresponding  corruption  in  language,  Victor  Hugo  has  made  nae  of  thiB  cufltom  upoa 

and  Mother  Church  overrode  Mother  State.    It  which  to  torn  the  plot  of  his  poirerftil  xomano^ 


b  not  that  London  is  not  the  metropolis,  but  that  Noire  Dame  de  Fiarie.                                 x  v*  i. 

Canterbury  is  called  the  metropolitan  see  by  an  Pierre  Gxingmre,  a  phOoeopliical  monnteMpJ^ 

aggressive* solecism  of  the  clerics.    The  Bishop  of  finda  himself,  houseless  and  numeyless,  waatoing 

London,  in  cjrrectness  of  language,  is  the  metro-  hap-hanurd  through  the  streets  of  PWM.    r^^^^JK 

politan  bishop  ;  only,  owing  to  the  above  solecism,  one  foot  before  the  other,  he  nnconsdoudr  anftl 

it  has  become  customarv  not  to  style  him  so.    As  into  a  gmrtier  corresponding  in  those  dsjFS  to 

custom  gives  the  law,  The  Times  was  slovenly  in  the  Wmteftiaa  of  our  own  ntttzopolii.    H«  w 


418 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  a  IV.  Not.  18,  •». 


pronounced  to  be  n  spy  by  the  swosh-bucklera 
and  Bohemians  who  surround  him,  and  condemned 
to  be  hung  by  a  magnate  known  as  the  King  of 
Caut,  a  paladin  of  this  Parisian  Alsatia. 

The  rope  is  round  his  neck,  a  barrel  is  about  to 
be  kicked  from  beneath  his  feet,  when,  in  accord- 
ance with  immemorial  custom,  the  women  are 
brought  in  and  passed  before  the  wretched  phi- 
losopher that  they  may  have  the  option  of  mar- 
rying him  or  seeing  him  hung.  A  dancing-girl, 
Esmeralda,  consents  to  bo  his  wife  :  ho  is  imme- 
diately handed  over  to  her,  and  his  persecutors 
return  to  their  wassail  and  their  dice. 

Julian  Sharman. 


It  may  be  interesting  to  F.  R.  S.  to  know  that, 
among  the  old  Manx  "Temporal  Customary 
Laws,"  A.D.  1577,  is  the  following: — 


«( 


'  If  any  man  take  a  woman  by  constraint,  or  force  her 
against  her  will,  if  she  be  a  wife  he  must  suffer  the  law 
for  her.  If  she  be  a  maid  or  single  woman,  the  Deemster 
shall  give  her  a  ropo,  a  sword,  and  a  ring ;  and  she  shall 
have  her  choice  to  hang  with  tlie  r»>pe,  cut  off  his  head 
with  the  sword,  or  marry  him  with  the  ring !  " 

Isle  of  Man.  J.  M.  Jeffcott. 


In  HehquuD  AniiqutPf  vol.  i.  p.  288,  your  cor- 
respondent F.  R.  S.  will  find  the  following  allu- 
sion to  this  subject : — 

**  Of  life  and  dath  nowe  chuse  the, 
There  is  the  woman,  here  is  the  galowe  tree ; 
Of  boothe  choyce  harde  is  the  parte  ; 
The  woman  is  the  warsse,  driue  fortiie  the  carte." 

J.  P.  Morris. 
22,  Sandstone  Eoad,  Old  Swan,  Liverpool 


was  done,  for  minceing  his  evidence  &  denyins  wliat  I10 
swore  at  the  Coroner's  Inquest,  is  comitted  to  I^ewgatay 
&  also  M'  Higden  is  comitted  for  the  like  in  the  OMI 
between  Montgomeiy  &  Narbome    .... 

"  This  morning  Judgement  was  pronoanoed  agafaut 
the  malefactors  at  the  Sessions,  where  M'  S*  Jofani^ 
Web,  <tc.,  received  sentence  of  Death :  two  to  be  hanged 
for  clipping  &  coyning,  and  one  woman  to  be  burnt  fti 
the  same.  It*8  not  yet  said  whether  there  will  be  9Bj 
pardons  granted." 
In  a  later  news-letter,  "  Dec  80, 1C84  "  :  — 
«  Yesterday  His  Majesty's  warrants  for  the  pnidon  ef 
M''  S*  Johns  &  ColU  Web  were  sent  to  H'  Solicitor  Fin^ 
who  is  to  draw  up  their  pardon." 

And  lastly,  "Jan.  13,  168}":  — 

"  This  day  S^  Johns  and  Web's  pardons  were  lealed." 

J.  E.  Jagkkhl 

Leigh  Delamcrc,  Chippenham. 

Lady  Heard  (4"»  S.  iv.  862.)— The  lady  to 
whom  your  correspondent  (Miss  Baikbhumi) 
alludes  never  was  Lady  Heard,  as  she  died  Aug. 
30,  178;3,  and  her  husband  was  not  knighted  ram 
June  2,  1780.  She  was  the  mother  ot  Sir  David 
Ochterlony,  G.C.B.,  first  baronet  of  Ochtedanjj 
and  my  friend,  Mr.  George  Harrison  (Wiadax 
Herald),  of  Heralds'  College,  informs  me  that  to 
the  best  of  his  belief,  after  Sir  Isaac  Heard^a  deafly 
the  portrait  inquired  about  by  Miss  BAlNBBXiNa 
was  forwarded  either  to  the  present  Sir  Charbl 
Ochterlony  or  to  his  father.  There  was  a  Ladj 
Heard,  as  Sir  Isaac  married  a  second  time. 

The  Editor  of 


Tartar  Khiq  (4*»»  S.  iv.  391.)— Everything,  I 
believe,  that  is  or  can  be  known  on  this  subject 
will  be  found  in  the  second  chapter  of  my  Tales 
and  Popular  Fictions,  Thos.  KEianiLEY. 

Henry  St.  John  (4»»>  S.  iv.  275.)-7The  name  of 
the  gentleman  whoso  life  was  taken,  in  the  quarrel 
alluded  to  by  G.  A.  II.,  was  not  liiscott,  but  Est- 
court.  In  an  old  news-letter,  among  the  Marquis 
of  Bath's  papers,  I  have  met  with  the  following 
notice  of  this  matter :  — 

"  Dec.  13, 1684. 
"  The  Evidence  against  M"^  S*  Jolms  was,  that  he 
callmg  S'  W°»  Estcourt  *  Asse,'  &  S"^  William  replying, 
*  You  are  a  fool,*  S*  Johns  threw  a  bottle  at  S'  W™,  and 
immcdiatcl^'^  followed  it  with  his  sword  (as  Sir  W™  sat 
on  his  chair  unarmM),  and  after  he  had  wounded  him, 
cuft  his  face  with  his  fist,  saving,  *  Beg  my  pardon ! ' 
several  times:  which  S*"  Wifliam  took  patiently  and 
replied  nothing,  being  mortally  wounded  in  the  belly  by 
one  wound  which  fitted  M"^  S*  John's  little  sword,  &  in 
the  groin  by  a  large  wound  which  fitted  Colonel  Web*s 
broad-sword,  as  the  Chirurgeons  (which  probed  them 
both)  attested :  and  also  that  both  those  wounds,  or 
either  of  them  were  mortal,  &  that  both  their  swords 
were  bloodv'  &  greisy :  so  they  were  both  found  guilt}-  of 
murder.    The  Drawer  at  the  tavern  where  this  mnrder 


Natural  (4**'  S.  iv.  192, 374.  WThia  term  is  una 
for  a  legitimate  parent  as  well  as  for  a  leffitiiMli 
child,  e.ff.  ''Our  said  uncle  Edward,  iiuks  of 
Somerset,  eldest  brother  to  our  natural  most  gii- 
ciouslate  mother  Queen  Jane."  This  passags  11 
from  the  first  letters  patent  granted  to  oomsnfll 
as  Protector,  dated  March  13, 1640-7. 

Hilton  HiWBUBHIt 

I  wish  to  strengthen  Mr.  Wm.  Batbs'  opinkl 
of  the  use  of  this  expression  by  a  singular  exaac^ 
in  a  theological  work  (date  1051  J,  concenung 
the  author  of  which  I  have  elsewhere  made  • 
query :  — 

"  *  That  God  should  put  his  own  Son  opon  thli  mA 
Ilis  Son,  his  natural  Son,  his  own  Image, his  onefy  Sm/ 
&c.  The  one  and  only  Mediator." — Ist  Treatise^  Pi^l^ 
by  John  Brinsley,  1C51. 

J.  A.O. 

Biblical  IIeraldrt  (4***  S.  iv.  146.) — Your 

correspondent  Uptuorfe  says  that  in  a  TolmiA 

in  his  possession,  which  he  believes  to  be  tiii 

British  Compendium^  it  is  recorded  that — 

"  Abel,  the  second  son  of  Adam,  bore  bis  fatherii  eoife 
quartered  with  that  of  his  mother  Eve,  she  being  iB 
heiress,  viz.  gules  and  argent ;  and  Joseph's  oosfc  w«b 
Party  per  pale  argent  and  gules." 

Now  in  Sylvanus  Morgan's  Sphere  of  Cfmirp 
(edit.  1G61),  book  i.  on  *' NobiUty  Dative,"  lete- 
ring  to  the  shield  of  Adam,  he  says  :-^ 


J 


4*  S.  IV.  Xor.  13,  'CO.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


419 


••  The  blazon  of  inrhose  shield  is.  Gules,  an  iu-escocheon 
ai^cnt  (for  Eve)  ;  the  shield  being  yet  without  any 
charge  saving  colour  and  metal,  denoting  their  honour 
and  innocencj',  for  in  Adam's  sliicld  there  was  not  any 
colour  till  he  put  forth  his  armcs  to  receive  the  apfe 
which  was  the  lirst  unhappy  bearing ;  neither  was  there 
any  of  their  posterity  did  retein  the  first  bearing  but 
Abel,  who  bore  his  father's  and  mother's  coat  quarterly, 
she  being  an  heir." 

And  in  the  engraving  below,  the  coat  is  repre- 
sented quarterly,  gules  and   arg.,  with  a  shep- 
herd's crook  bendwise  behind  the  shield,  signifying 
that  he  was  a  "  shepheard." 
As  to  Joseph's  coat,  in  book  ii.  p.  5  he  says : — 

•*  Come  I  now  to  Joseph's  coat,  which  though  it  was 
divided  as  Adam's  shield  and  checquered  with  black  and 
white,  or  Tranche  with  averse  and  diflferent  providences, 
yet  a  time  should  come  when  he  might  say*i£quabit 
nigras  Candida  una  dies.* " 

J.  S.  Udal. 

10  Park  Street,  Grosvenor  Square,  W. 

HrLTOX  Castle  (4**»  S.  iv.  313.) — In  December 
1762,  the  castle  and  manor  of  Ilylton  were  pur- 
chased in  Chancery  by  Mrs.  Bowes,  widow  of 
George  Bowes,  Esq.,  of  Streatlam  and  Gibside, 
for  33,800/. ;  and  her  great-grandson,  John  Bowes, 
Esq.  (son  of  the  late  Earl  of  Strathmore),  is  the 
present  proprietor.  (Vide  Fordyce*s  Htstory  of 
Jhtrhantj  vol.  ii.  p.  545,  1857.)  The  castle  has 
since  been  sold  to  William  Briggs,  Esq.,  of  Sun- 
derland, who  has  made  considerable  alterations ; 
the  two  modem  wings  having  been  removed  and 
the  interior  of  the  original  structure  made  suitable 
to  the  requirements  of  a  modem  mansion.  Your 
correspondent  is  also  referred  to  "  N.  &  Q."  8'*  S. 
X.  88, 152.  J.  Manuel. 

Newca8tle-on-T}»ne. 

There  is  a  very  full  and  interesting  account  of 
Ilylton  Castle — its  possessors,  antiquarian  and 
legendary  history  connected  with  it,  plate  of  seals 
and  arms,  and  the  descent  of  the  property,  in 
Burke's  Historic  Lands  of  England,  p.  129-149. 

Samuel  Shaw. 

"Recogxitio  Futura"  (4»*»S.  iv.  313.)— I  am 
aware  it  will  not  aid  F.  M.  J.  to  be  told  that  1 
have  before  me  the  MS.  of  an  essay  under  the 
above  title,  advocating  (and  in  the  opinion  of  the 

Vicar  of quite  conclusively)  the  "  negative 

side  of  the  question.'*  If,  however,  I  am  not  mis- 
taken, the  late  Ilev.  Dr.  Hawker  of  Plymouth 
held  the  same  view  :  the  opposite  and  popular 
notion  being,  as  I  think,  neither  supported  by 
Scripture  nor  reason — the  voice  of  the  pulpit,  the 
utterances  of  poetry,  and  the  sentiment  of  many 
pious  people  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

J.  M. 

JoHx  Kemp,  Archbishop  of  Caxtebbubt 
(4**»  S.  iv.  314.)  —  It  may  interest  your  corre- 
spondent the  Rev.  T.  S.  Norgate  to  tell  him  of 
tne  fine  figure  of  Archbishop  Kemp  in  the  east 
window  of  the  church  at  Bolton  Percy.  He  forms  I 


the  central  one,  having  on  either  side  two  Arch-' 
bishops  of  York,  and  is  represented  as  habited  m 
chasuble,  dalmatic,  pallium,  and  embroidered  stole. 
On  his  hands  are  jewelled  gloyes,  and  on  his  feet 
sandals.  His  right  hand  is  upraised  in  the  act  of 
benediction,  whilst  his  left  holds  a  crosier.  Under- 
neath the  figure  are  the  arms  of  Kemp — '^  gules^ 
three  garbs  or,  two  and  one,"  impaling  those  of 
the  see  of  Canterbury.  He  was  Archbishcm  of 
York  from  1426  to  1^2,  when  he  was  translated 
to  Canterbury,  which  see  he  held  until  1454,  and 
was  created  a  cardinal  by  Pope  Nicholas  V.  ia 
1452,  when  Henry  VL  was  King  of  England. 

John  Picxfobd,  ALA. 
Bolton  Percy,  near  Tadcaster. 

Leaden  Combs  (4**»  S.  iv.  232,  326.)  — 

"Poisoned  by  Hair  Dye.— Dr.  Witberwaxoflowa,. 
died  some  time  ago  with  peculiar  and  obscure  symptoms. 
The  Scott  County  Medical  Society  appointed  a  committee 
to  investigate  the  causes  which  led  to  his  death,  it  having* 
been  the  opinion  of  several  m^cal  gentlemen  that  he 
died  Arom  the  effects  of  lead  poison.    The  committee  have 

{>repared  their  report,  in  which  they  unanimoiuLly  concur 
n  the  opinion  that  the  cause  of  Dr.  Witherwax*s  death 
was  rightly  surmised,  and  that  the  poison  was  introduced 
into  the  system  through  the  use  of  hair-dressing  or  dye. 
For  four  years  previous  to  bis  demise  Dr.  Witherwax  bad 
used  the  dressing  almost  daily  on  his  hair  and  whiskers^ 
and  frequently  during  the  whole  period  suffered  firom 
pains  which  were  similar  to  those  produced  by  lead  ooUq. 
Drs.  Hozen  and  Cantwell  each  made  four  separate  analyses 
of  the  liver  of  Dr.  W.,  and  one  of  the  Iddneys,  and  fimnd 
lead  in  the  tissues  of  those  organs  each  time." — Ifectfcol 
Preu, 

Some  people  die  from  too  good  living,  others 
again  from  overdyeing.  The  iui>ove  cutting  firom 
the  Medical  Press  is  a  melancholy  instance  of  the 
dire  effect  of  the  abominable  habit  of  dyeing 
one's  hair  and  whiskers,  which  not  only  strangely 
disfigures  people's  faces,  but  even,  as  in  the  am>ye 
case,  shortens  life ;  so  tnat,  instead  of  staying  the 
course  of  time,  it  only  tends  to  hasten  it.  It  is  a 
sad  mistake  to  suppose  that  dyeing  the  hair  makea 
a  wrinkled  face  look  young ;  it  only  shows  the 
weakness  of  wishing  to  appear  so.  As  a  Cockney 
would  say  — 

'^  It  is  an  ill  hair  where  you  gain  nothing." 

The  celebrated  Mdlle.  Mars  is  said  to  have  died 
from  the  same  cause.  P.  A.  L. 

Akicia,  Davohter  of  Hugh  Keyelioo  (4^ 
S.  iy.  834.)— Hugh  Kevelioc  Eail  of  Chester  had 
seven  daughters — Amicia  wife  of  Ralph  Maii^ 
warinfi:,  b^  his  first  wife,  name  unknown ;  by  the 
second  wife,  Bertrdde  daughter  of  Simon  Count  of 
Evreux ;  Maude,  wife  of  David  Earl  of  Huntinff- 
don;  Mabel,  wife  of  William  Earl  of  Arundel; 
A^esy  wife  of  William  Earl  of  Derby ;  Hawis^ 
wife  of  Robert  de  Qoincey :  Cicely,  and  BCargeiT. 
The  house  of  Stuart  was  descended  firom  Biauae 
and  Hawise,  but  I  can  trace  no  descent  from  Ber- 
treda  de  Audley,  the  daughter  of  Amiday  imleas 
(which  seems  aoubtfol)  HughAadley,  fintLoxd 


420 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[«kaiT.Nor.U,ll. 


of  the  youDgrer  brftoch,  was  a  descendant  of  Ber- 
treda,  and  nut  n  sou  of  bar  huabond's  atepmotbcr, 
Ela  de  Longucpfo.  If  Sir  Thomas  Mnmwarinc 
could  prove  that  dubious  point,  the  descent  would 
then  run  as  follows ; — Bertreda  de  Mfunworiuft  (or 
UeBuilwfliiut;) :  Jauieu  Audley  ber  aon,  .Nicholas 
his  son,  Hagh  bis  sou,  Alesia  his  dau^^hler,  John 
Neville  her  aon.  Italphhia  aon,  Cicely  bis  daughter, 
King  Edward  IV.  hor  aon.  IIekhbntbuse. 


"Still  Wa: 


tvN  Deep  "(io-  S.  v 


133.)- 


wdtera  run  deup,  and  the  devil  lies  at  the  bottom." 
Unbda.- 
PbUiirJdpbia. 

Steer  (4'"  S.  iv.  330.)— This  word  ia  the  French 
Itire,  and  menus  a  cubic  metre.  It  was  adopted 
from  the  Greek  anpiit,  solid,  and  is  incorporated 
in  the  Engliah  words  stei-eobate,  stereography, 
stereometry,  etereo,-«ope,  stereotumy,  atereotypo,  ' 
and  their  compounds.  (Sue  Dr.  Ilyde  Chirko's 
Dictionary.)  T.  J.  Bucktoit. 

This  word  is,  doubtless,  corruptr>d  from  the 
French  aeplier,  telirr,  a  measure  of  twelve  bushelB ; 
of  liquors,  iibout  two  English  gallons;  of  land,  I 
about  three  ncres.  Conf.  tbo  dW  I^neh  word 
tUer,  which  Itoquefort  renders  "seplici;  meaure  do  i 
grains;  on  appeloit  aussi  do  cc  nom  Ics  grcniers 
publics."  See  also  the  Med.  Lnt.  stcura  in  I)u-  | 
ttesne.  II.  S.  Charnocz. 

Qray^a  Ian. 

In  Koiil  and  Chapsal  I  find;  " S&re.  s.  ui. 
{irttptSs,  solide),  uniti5  dea  mesures  de  bois  do  . 
chftulTagoi  il  est  ^gal  au  metre  cube." 

P.A.  L. 
St.  ALKEtT>A  {4"'  S.  iv.  297.)— Oswv,  King  of 
Bemicia,  had  a  natural  daughter,  whose  name  is 
variously  spelt  Alkleda,  Alfieda,  and  Alcbfleda, 
who  married  Peada,  King  of  Slercia.  about  650, 
and  afterwards  murdered  her  husband.  Can  this 
eatimable  lady  Ijc  the  aaint  of  wliom  your  corre- 
spondent is  in  search  ?  Hbbmenteude. 

Oli.  Fresch  Words  (4"'  S.  iv.  9G,  178,  341.) 
I  hone  all  your  correspondents  who  have  tAen  so 
much  pains  to  elucidate  these  will  accept  my  best 
thanlfB.  Oiirc  is  corcoctty  transcribed,  but  1  fear 
not  amofttoienf,  which,  it  has  boon  privately  sug- 

Sested  to  me,  aliould  ba  amemoiait.  I  have  no 
oubt  this  ia  right.  Oda  is  a  uiistako  for  eeiloi 
either  of  the  compositor  or  myself.  The  writing 
of  the  MS.  is  faint  in  many  parts,  and  renders 
mietalies  ea.i}'. 

May  I  nut  one  more  word  on  the  list  P  WJiat 
is  meant  by  "  un  eawer  dargent  par  toute  sorrei 
et  partiez  de  diuersos  vires  et  roses  "  ? 

IlERUESTRUnE. 

Bos  Saltkro  (4">  S.  ui.  C80.)— The  portrait  of 
this  eccentric  is  still  "  wanted.''    I  shall  feel  ob- 


liged by  a  communicatjon  irom  any  one  villiag  to 
lend  or  sell  a  copy  of  the  eDgraviiig.  Permit  ma 
at  the  anme  timo  to  return  thanks  to  Un.  O.  A, 
ScnitFMPFF  and  Mb.  C.  A.  Fbdbbeb;  the  fintfix 
his  ohlisingloan  of  "  Lea  Papillotesde  jsamin,"  tni 
the  other  for  a  charming  port^t  of  the  Oasm 
poet  from  the  Magatin  pUtoretqut.  Thoae  irho  KB 
acquainted  with  Jasmin's  mastoTpieee,  the  "  Bli^d 
Gill  of  CastelCuiiy,"  W  Longfellow's  tramUtM^ 
will  perhaps  be  glad  of  a  reference  to  the  verwB 
of  Lady  G.  Fullerton  published  in  the  seTSolh 
volume  of  Bentley. 

WiLLiAK  E.  A.  Axtm,  F.IL&L. 

Joynson  Street,  Strangewaj's.  • 

The  AmdvlatoR:  E.  W.  Bratlet  C4"a.ir. 
2S4.)— Yourcarres|)ondent  J.  A.  G.,  in  hisnotin 
of  the  medicinal  aprin;^  at  Dulwich,  quotM  fan* 
mutilated  copy  of  The  Atnimlator,  and  sm  h> 
thinks  "  it  was  an  early  publication  of  Mr.  attj- 
ley's."  In  this  he  is  mistaken  as  the  fintedi&B 
of  thia  little  work  appeared  before  that  gantlenya 
was  bom.  The  earliest  edition  I  have  seen  ia  tfait 
of  1774,  but  it  was  not  the  firat.  Now,  Mr.  E.  W. 
Brayley  waa  born  a  year  previously  to  this  dall^ 
consequently  be  was  not  the  author,  althont^ 
nearly  lialf  a  cenliuj  later  he  edited  an  editionrf 
the  work.  The  editioos  I  have  seen  of  7^i  iIiiiIm 
io/or ;  or  a  Pocket  Companion  for  the  Tow  of  Zoih 
don  and  tU  Encirota  (boaidea  the  one  nained)  m 
those oflTBT,  ViVrl  (the  fourth),  1793  (thefiftk^ 
I7i)0  (tba  eighth),  1807,  1811  (the  eleraiUik 
and  1820  (the  twelfth).  The  latter  was  enii^ 
and  edited  by  Bray loy.  Your  correspondent  ^Mlta 
of  the  imperfect  notice  of  Mr.  Braylej-'s  -inAt 
in  the  laat  edition  of  Lownrki,  a  Temark  in  ^rinA 
I  cordially  join,  l^eaides  the  omiBsion  of  thit 
interesting  work  the  Londoniaiia,  I  find  no  noliM 
otThe  Grand  Alphabet  of  AlphabeU,  1800:  fc 
Rtgiaald,  or  the  Block   Tower,  1803^   Th»  TPorib 


JitM,  mth  Memoir  of  the  Poet,  1806 ;  7%«  CfnMl 
lUtalrator,  1831;  and  other  works  of  tMn  pwM 
taking  and  induatrious  antiquary. 

Several  iulerestiug  uoticea  of  Mr.  E.  TV.  BrB^<7 
may  be  fouud  scattered  through  the  first  toIdow 
of  the  Autobiography  t,f  Johi  Britlon,  his  woithj 
coadjutor  in  so  many  literary  undertakings, 

EnwABS  F,  KiHBAirLK 

EniOTTlioi  (4""  S.  iv.  215,  243,  289.) — Not  to 
seem  wanting  in  proper  courteay,  I  crave  an  iaA 
of  space  to  record  niy  thanks  to  the  two  gwitl^ 
men  who  have  so  obligingly  replied  to  my  qiMCT 
on  the  above  word.  Although  not  going  -win 
them  entirely,  I  am  bound  to  say  that  their  ob- 
servations show  both  learning  and  research,  aid 
much  ability  in  the  handling.  John  WeslST^ 
rendering  of  the  word  (E.cplanalory  Notm  on  &t 
JVnr  Tekumeai)  scorns  quite  WOtUt  ""Hwg  •« 


4*  S.  IV.  Not.  13,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


421 


"  All  things  needfijl  for  our  souls  and  bodies;  not  only 
*  the  meat  that  perisheth,*  but  the  sacramental  bread,  and 
thy  grace,  the  food  which  *  endureth  to  eternal  life.* " 

It  may  hardly  be  worth  mentioning  that  the 
true  meaning  of  Afnos  is  a  loafy  as  inMat.  vii.  9 

Edmund  Tew,  M.A. 

Misapprehensions  (4*'»  S.  iii.  552,  610;  iv. 
86,  245.) — Victor  Hugo's  Nation  of  the  HeUd- 
schtiuken,  Prince  PUckler-Muskau  alluded  to,  has 
been  "  out-IIeroded'^  lately  by  the  ex-peer  him- 
self in  his  V Homme  qui  rit  and  Le^  Travaillettrs 
de  la  McTj  in  the  latter  of  which  the  Frith  of 
Forth  is  called  Premiere  des  Quatrej  and  in  paren- 
theses '^  First  of  the  Fourth."  The  best  of  it  is, 
that  this  blunder  was  pointed  out  by  an  English 
correspondent  before  the  publication  of  the  work, 
but  tne  poet  refused  to  correct  it,  saying,  "  If 
there  is  a  mistake,  it  is  the  same  as  reported  by 
the  Bulletin  of  the  Paris  Observatory,  *  and  he 
added,  with  modest  assurance,  *'  Du  reste,  je  ne  j 
crois  pas  qu*il  y  ait  erreur."  P.  A.  L,    j 

Etiquette  (4'^  S.  iv.  215.)—Walker,  in  his 
Critical  and  Pronouncing  Dictionary,  says,  "  This 
word  crept  into  use  some  years  after  Johnson 
wrote  his  Dictionary,  nor  have  I  found  it  in  any 
other  I  have  consulted."  It  is  not  in  Johnson^ 
Pocket  Dictionary,  Noel  and  Chapsal  give  the 
derivation  from  est  At^  =  there  is  here.  Huet 
derives  it  from  "SWxor,  stichus,  stichetus,  sti- 
chetta,  etiquette.  Les  ifithiques  d'Aristote";  like- 
wise from  the  Gr.  ^diKbs=that  which  concerns  man- 
ners and  morals.  J.  J.  Eousseau  says :  '' '  Mettre 
tous  ses  devoirs  en  (Etiquette '  j  c^r^monial  de  la 
cour,  usages  dans  la  soci^t^."  (Acad.) 

P.  A.  L. 

MicAH  Hall  of  Mam  Tor  (4t'>  S.  iv.  294.)— 
There  was  a  gentleman  of  this  name  who  resided 
at  Castleton  in  the  High  Peak,  and  practised  as 
an  attorney  there  for  a  great  number  of  years. 
He  directed  the  following  inscription  to  be  placed 
on  his  monument,  and  his  intention  was  carried 
into  effect: — 


4<' 


To  the  Memory  of 
Micah  Hall,  Gent", 
Attomey-at-Law, 
Who  died  on  the  14.^  of  May,  1804, 
Aged  79  years. 
Quid  eram,  nescitis. 
Quid  sum  nescitis. 
Ubi  abii,  nescitis. 
Valete." 


B. 


Blight  and  Patch  {4?^  S.  iv.  827.)— These 
names  of  the  murdered  and  the  murderer  will  be 
found  embodied  in  the  humorous  verse  of  Thomas 
Hood  in  '*  Skying  a  Copper" :  — 

"  Before  one  eye  appeared  a  Blight, 
The  other  eye  a  Patch." 

I  remember  some  years  since  quoting  these  lines 


to  the  poet-'s  only  son,  who  could  not  divine  theJir 
meaning — showing  the  necessity  of  placing  foot- 
i  notes  to  the  more  omcxaejeux  de  mots  or  the  double-' 
j  entendres  of  the  great  punster,  which  vnll  become 
I  unintelligible  to  future  readers.  This  hint  may 
perhaps  be  worth  the  attention  of  Messrs.  Mozon 
:  &  Co.  Luke  LiiofEB,  F.S.A, 

I  Miltoniana:  Lines  attributed  to  Miltoh 
(4"»  S.  iv.  195.)— J.  W.  H.  may. rest  assured  that 
the  ''  Extempore  Lines  upon  a  Faggot "  are  not 
by  Milton.  Their  insertion  in  a  volume  of  Oxford 
and  Cambridge  Miscellany  Poems,  as  the  produc- 

i  tion  of  Milton,  must  have  been  the  work  of  some 
wit  of  the  time;  although  I  must  confess  it  is 
difficult  to  see  the  joke,  as  no  one  in  the  least 
acquainted  with  the  poet's  life  and  works  could 
for  one  instant  believe  him  to  have  been  the 
author  of  such  a  stupid  piece  of  coazseness.  In 
several  poetical  miscellanies  of  the  end  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  these  lines  are  attributed  to 
the  licentious  Earl  of  Rochester — ^the  very  poet  of 
all  others  of  his  time  likelv  to  have  penned  such 
ribaldry.  Further  proof  or  his  being  the  author 
may  l>e  foimd  in  The  Works  of  the  Earls  of 
Boohester^  Boscommon,  aiHd  Dorset,  edit.  177o, 
(vol.  i.  p.  67),  where  they  are  printed  among  the 
works  of  the  former.       Edwabd  F.  Rdcbaulx, 

Broidebed  (4^  S.  iv.  251,  SOI.)— In  all  the 
instances  of  the  use  of  the  word  hroydered  (how- 
ever spelt),  which  De  Mobatia  cites  from  ^e 
Old  Testament,  the  context  will  show  that  tids 
word  signifies  the  ornamentation  of  textile  fabrics 
by  needlework.  All  these  instances  may  be  found 
as  well  in  the  Geneva  Bible,  as  also  in  ine  nresent 
Authorised  Version.  In  the  former  (the  (ieneya 
yersion)  the  word  brooded  is  used  both  at  1  Tim. 
ii.  9,  and  at  1  Pet.  iii.  3  Onde  edit  J.  Oresj^ 
sm.  4to,  Genevsy  1668 ;  and  the  Amsterdam  edit. 
foL  1644).  De  Moravia  savs  he  finds  hrwdered 
in  the  latter  place  in  an  edution  of  the  Geneya 
yersion,  1599;  but  that  edition  cannot  compare 
for  authority  with  that  of  1568.  In  the  latter 
the  marginal  note  on  hroyded  (1  Tim.  ii.  9)  is  m 
follows:  — 


to 


to 


woniB 


"  The  worde  dgnifleth  to  plat,  to 
folde,  to  bosh,  to  cvric^  or  to  lar  it  cm 
all  pOpe  and  wantoim«8  is  condenmed,  wl 
in  trimming  their  beadee." 

The  context  in  botii  places  plauilj  demonstrates 
that  the  word  broydeli  cannot  mean  what  the 
word  broidered  means.  And  so  does  the  etymo- 
logy, as  the  original  Ghreek  words  are  both  de- 
rived from  the  same  yerb,  which  si^pifies^  to' 
plait,  or  weave,  or  tie,  but  not  to  embroider. 

The  word  Irayde  has  been  retained  in  1  Urn* 
iL  9  in  many  editions  of  the  Authorised  Venioii* 
I  find  it  in  Barker  and  Hll's  edit  4to,b]ad[-letleiv 
16S0;  and  in  some  Oxfbrd  and  Cambridoe  oo^es^ 
and  in  some  (batlzegret  to  saynot^  as MjlBlaib 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[^ttMT.l 


thinlu,  «11)  of  the  editiona  printed  by  the  King's 
(or  Queens)  printere  for  the  British  and  Foreign 
Hhle  Society. 

In  Junius,  Etymol.  Angl,  (fol.  1743,  Oxon.)  I 
find  — 

" Braidt,tiA.  Brmde,  crispari:  [so  thsthelbiuka  irDKfc 
tha  more  gemiiDC  wonl]. 

Broidt,  'braide  ttie  hair,'  crispare  crinca.  Fortun  eat 
^  Teut.  bresdrn  neetere ;  crisiiniitur  enim  crinei  in  nodum 

The  BlioimH  New  Testament  (1582)  in  he.  hns 
"plaited  hair.";  the  Vulgate,  "tortis  crinjbua"; 
and  Beza,   "  cincinnis." 

It  aeemB  on  all  these  grounds  that  hroyded,  or 
its  equivalent  braided,  ought  to  appear,  and 
iroidered  to  disappear,  at  1  Tim.  ii.  D. 

W.  P.  P. 

P.  VroLBT  rt'"  S.  i.  466,  545,  604.)— An  octo- 

Ciriau  friend  of  mine  had  lessons  in  highlr> 
hed  water-colour  painting  of  P.  Violet  in  tne 
year  1811.  Ha  then  Eved  in  a  street  leading  out 
of  Golden  Square,  was  much  advanced  in  life, 
and  was  obliged  to  work  with  very  powerful 
glasses.  Z.  Z. 

The  PiTHASOREiN  Letter  (4""  S.  iv.  76, 198.) 
I  have  waited  up  to  this  time  in  the  hope  of 
hearing  Bomething  more  from  R.  D.  S.  on  this 
curious  subject  of  inquiry.  Permit  me  now  to 
make  one  or  two  observadons  on  the  note  which 
he  cites  from  Dean  Alfard's  Greek  Testament,  in 
loco.  As  to  the  rabbinical  notion  mentioned  by 
ild  might  iiR 
,  I  think,  in  designating  it 
joild,  Doddridge  has  applied  to  it  the  only  epithet 
which  it  deserves,  and  that  it  is  scarcely  worth  a 
passing  notice.  Tholuck's  theory  could  only  find 
acceptance  with  the  professed  oelievers  in  the 
frightful  doctrine  of  unconditional  reprobation. 
De  Wette'a,  in  my  fview,  is  at  once  the  most 
natural  and  best  supported  by  authority.  It  is 
true  that  in  Josephus,  and  the  Book  of  Wisdom 
(viii.  19,  30),  the  doctrine  seems  only  to  have  a 
partial  reference  to  the  souls  of  the  goad.  But  in 
the  words  of  tha  Pharisees  to  the  man  bom  blind, 
'Zy  ofu^TloK  ?!>  i-Ytyvii9T]i  tkoi,  there  is,  to  my  mind, 
a  clear  expression  of  opinion  that  his  calamity  was 
tlie  consequence  of  sin  committed  by  him  in  a 
former  state :  and  hence  the  deduction,  that  they 
held  this  doctrine  in  its  most  comprehensive  form. 
In  this  view  Hammond,  Whitby,  and  Poole  con- 
cur.    The  latter  says,  on  v.  34 :  ~ 

"  It  wBi  the  opinion  of  Pj-tha(;or«s,  one  of  the  heathen 
philOBOphera,  that  when  men  and  womoa  died,  their  loula 
went  into  bodice  that  were  then  bom,  and  in  those  bodies 
often  saffered  puniahment  for  those  cnurmous  acts  which 
they  had  been  guilty  of  in  fonner  bodies.     It  is  apparent 

is  thoaghf,  that  the  Plmrisees  here^  saying  '  Thou 


Tile  and  abominable  things ;  and  fur  thoa  rim  Qod  Ht  4 
mark  upon  him,  even  Iq  his  birth,  and  hs  was  Imvb 
blind." 

EoinntD  Tnr,  ILA. 
Pateblng  Rectory,  Arundel. 

Ibscripttom  ok  the  Qseat  Clock  ai  Wmi' 
MiNSTEB  (4'*  9.  iv.  293.)— With  AsmasK  I  han 
been  often  struck  at  the  absurdity  of  ths  inA 
primam  appearing  in  this  inscripttoa,  and  lint 
only  been  able  to  accoimt  for  it  by  suppodng  Art 
some  word  was  required  to  bring  the  line  to  t 
certain  length.  As  Sir  Charles  Barry  is  Mid  t) 
have  been  infiueneed  by  a  desire  to  pieaem  dil 
associations  in  placing  the  clock  towsr  Id  Hi 
present  position,  it  has  always  been  a  mktterif 
regret  to  me  that  the  old  inscription,  **  Dbdk 
juatitiam  moniti,"  was  not  retained,  nds  b- 
acription,  which  is  Bud  to  have  been  va  the  old 
clock  tower,  was  to  be  seen  a  few  yean  ago  M  a 
sundial  on  one  of  tha  houses  atandiDg  m  IT«r 
Palace  Yard,  at  the  foot  of  the  clock  tower. 

H.F.T. 

"  WHippnto  THE  Cat  "  (4"'  S.  It.  1670— lib 
phrase  is  so  familiar  to  me,  and  yet  no  difiannth 
its  application  from  that  Busgest«d  by  W.  T.  IL 
that  J  am  tempted  to  ^ve  iti  meai^nf ,  thod^I 
cannot  discover  anythmg  to  throw  light  «  Hi 
origin  and  history.  In  the  counties  on  ue  ScotM 
border,  "  To  whip  the  cat "  is  rcfrnlarlj  appliadti 
any  workman  who  goes  from  house  to  hoOM  ttOOM 
hia  employers  to  execute  his  work.  Pflihraa  ttS 
most  frequently  applied  to  tailors,  but  Ibm 
often  heard  it  applied  to  saddlers  and  otbefa.  Tl 
the  saddlers,  I  think,  Oeorge  Eliot,  nnder  At 
name  "  White  taws,"  applies  it  iu  7%«  MiBmSa 
Flo»t.  0, 

Stirling. 

Jem  the  Pbnmajt  (4*  S.  iv.  277.)— "A  fld^ 
true,  and  particular  account"  of  thu  natofini 
person's  connection  with  the  bullion  rofabaqr*' 
the  f^outh  Eastern  Bailway,  and  of  hia  dieqii 
forgeries,  will  be  found  in  pp.484  to 696  of  iW^ 
Fatlurei,  and  Fraudt,  by  D.  Uorier  Uran^  P"^ 
lisbed  by  Oroombridge  and  Son,  1869. 

S.  J.  Hua. 

Nattral  liriiBBrTAiicB  (4*  S.  iv,  344 J — I  bo* 
humbly  before  Mr.  Botlb's  rebuke.  If  it  cut  be 
discovered  in  the  case  qI  each  of  the  lad  ins,  </  • 
which  of  her  father's  two  wives  she  "wM  Ae 
daughter,  I  will  erase  my  offending  "probably" 
with  the  utmost  pleasure.  In  the  case  of  A^BM 
of  Gueldres,  I  have  littla  doubt  that  she  wae  As 
daughter  of  Ida  of  Boulogne,  and  my  "  mdMij' 
merely  indicated  a  leaning  on  tha  side  at  fiawttn^ 


leaning  o 

ih  this  were  the  only  pedicrree  with  a  "  pn*- 
bably"init,  either  in  show  or  fact  I 

HaBimrTBrsK 

soul  was  a        "  Tbitb  Rblatioh  ot  IHS  Faotiov  at  Wif 

body  had  committed  \  BSCH"  (i^^S.  iT.3I4.)— TbeCambridgaTJolnHiV 


4*  S.  IV.  Nov.  18,  '69. J 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


423 


Library  contains  a  copy  of  this  work,  bound  up 
with  four  other  tracts  relating  to  the  Jesuits,  all 
published  in  the  same  year,  ana  without  the  name 
of  the  printer.  The  Bodleian  also  contains  a  copy, 
catalogued  8,  v,  Jesuits.  William  Watson,  the 
modem  historian  of  Wisbech,  refers  in  half-a- 
dozen  lines  to  the  circumstances  liiat  led  to  this 
publication,  but  seems  to  have  been  ignorant  of 
the  work  itself.  E.  V. 

Omens  of  Ill-luck  :  Bellows  (4*^  S.  iv.  213, 
307.) — We  have  had  queries  about  "  Bum  the 
Bellows/'  which  it  seems  a  very  foolish  thing  to 
do.  But  now  that  we  are  told  that  bellows  are 
unlucky  on  a  table  and  forebode  a  quarrel,  might 
not  *'  bum  the  bellows  "  be  a  slang  equivalent  for 
no  '*  quarrelling  permitted  "  P  P.  P. 

Scott  :  Hood  (4}^  S.  iv.  272.)  — 

**  We  call  them  lives  of  men." 

"CaUer  Herring,"  by  Lady  Nairne. 

Are  not  both  Scott  and  Lady  Naime  quoting  a 
saying  among  the  fish  folks,  which  Hood  has 
adapted  to  the  needlewomen,  without  meaning  to 
be  original  ?  Perhaps  I  am  mistaken,  but  so  I 
have  always  taken  it.  P.  P. 

Stephen  Duck  (4»»»  S.  iv.  347.)  — In  addition 
to  the  "  Account  of  the  Life  of  the  Author,"  pre- 
fixed to  his  Poems  on  Several  Subjects,  there  is  ^e 
following : — 

"  A  full  and  anthentick  account  of  Stephen  Duck,  the 
Wiltshire  poet  Of  his  education,  his  methods  of  im- 
proving himself,  how  he  first  engaged  in  poetry,  and  hia 
great  care  in  writing.  Of  each  of  his  particular  poems,  of 
the  first  encouragement  he  met  with,  and  his  original 
sentiments  on  several  books,  things,  &c    In  a  letter  to  a 

member  of  parliament.    By  J S— — ,  Esq.,  Poetry 

Professor  for  the  University  of  Oxford."    London,  8vo, 
pp.  27, 1731. 

This  was  written  by  the  author  of  Poli/metis  in 
order  to  serve  the  indigent  poet,  and  was,  says 
Singer,  in  the  Life  prefixed  to  the  Anecdotes^  &c., 
by  Joseph  Spence,  8vo.  1820  — "left  in  the 
hands  of  his  friend  Mr.  Louth  for  publication, 
with  a  sort  of  Grub-street  title  as  a  ruse  de  ffuerre, 
calling  himself  Joseph  Spence,  Esquire,  Poetry 
I'rofessor.'^  It  was  the  same  benevolent  friend — 
the  subsequent  patron  of  Blacklock  the  poet,  and 
Robert  Hill  the  learned  tailor — who  introduced 
him  to  the  notice  of  Pope,  and  obtained  for  him 
from  the  Duke  of  Dorset  the  livinp  of  Byfleet  in 
Surrey.  Here,  in  1756,  he  committed  suicide  by 
drowning;  but  what  share  the  conjugal  incom- 
patibilities hinted  at  by  H.  H.  had  in  conducing 
to  this  act,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say. 

One  of  the  earliest  patrons  of  Duck  was  the 
Lord  Palmerston  of  the  day ;  and  this  nobleman 
assigned  a  piece  of  land  with  a  cottage  to  trustees, 
to  produce  an  annual  sum  to  provide  the  cost  of  a 
festival  to  be  held  at  Charlton  to  perpetuate  the 
narne  and  ^nius  of  the  Thresher  Poet  I  have 
no  information  on  the  subject  of  this  celebration, 


and  presume  that  it,  like  the  fame  and  works  of 
its  object,  has  long  since  become  obsolete. 

William  Bath. 

Inflated  Box  (4'»»  S.  iv.  336.)— Possibly  "  in- 
flated cheeks,"  from  the  Angl.-Sax.  bumCj  Lat 
bucca,  the  inner  part  of  the  (meek,  or  the  cheek 
itself. 

In  Persius,  8aL  r.  13,  there  is  a  nearly  omilar 
expression : — 

"  Kec  stloppo  tumidm  intendis  mmpere  tmecoM^ 

Juvenal  {Sat.  iii.  35)  alludes  to  the  wandering 
players  upon  wind  instruments  as  — 

**  Perpettti  comites,  notsqae  per  oppida  ^komb." 

a 

The  poet  has  used  box  as  the  convertible  and 
equivalent  form  of  chest  or  hmgs,  for  the  sole  pur- 
pose of  effecting  a  rhyme  to  fox.  For  as  lungfl^ 
chest,  box,  are  all  things  of  capacity,  and  &ox=a. 
small  chest,  and  chest = a  large  oox,  the  rhyme  is- 
good|  and  uie  application  appropriate. 

J.  Bbalb, 

It  is  pretty  plain  from  the  context  that  box  it 
used  here  for  musical  instruments  made  of  box* 
wood,  opposed  to  the  '^  brazen  trumpets";  for 
Dryden  goes  on  — 

"  To  kindle  Man  with  miUlary  soimdi^ 
Nor  wanted  horns  to  inspire  sagadoos  hoonda." 

But  it  is  put  out  of  all  manner  of  doubt  that  such 
is  the  meaning  if  we  refer  to  the  original  Chaucer 
in  ^  The  Nonnes  Preestes  Tale  "— 

<*  Of  bras  thev  brouffhten  bemet  and  ofbox. 
Of  horn  ana  bone  In  which  the  blew  and  pooped.*^ 

J.  H.  T,  Oaklbt. 
The  Priory,  Croydon. 

PoRTEAiT  OF  BrBozq-  (4"»  S.  iv.  261.  827.)— 
P.  A.  L.  refers  to  the  "profile  by  Count  d'Orsay."" 
I  forget  whether  there  is  any  such  profile  other 
than  a  full-length  figure  that  has  been  engraved* 
It  ma^  be  worth  noting,  that  this  full-lengrth 
figure  is  attested  to  be  a  very  good  likeness  oy 
one  of  the  living  men  best  able  to  speak  to  ^e^ 
fact.  Captain  Trelawny,  who  knew  Byron  firom 
the  beginning  of  1822,  and  accompamed  him  to* 
Greece.  This  gentleman,  in  converdng  witii  m» 
last  summer,  showed  me  the  engraved  portrait  in 
question,  saying :  "  If  you  want  to  know  what 
Byron  really  looked  like,  you  see  him  there.''  I 
remember  remarking  upon  the  oddities  (as  they 
seem  to  an  eje  of  our  day)  of  the  costume,  ana 
asking  Captam  Trelawny  whether  a  man  who 
presented  that  sort  of  general  appearance  was,  ia 
Byron's  time,  considered  a  fashionable  or  '^well- 
got-up"  man;  to  which  Captain  Trelawny  re- 
pUed  that  Byron,  when  he  knew  him  about  1822. 
was  already  a  liUle  passi  in  his  costume, — he  had 
been  a  lion  of  sode^  in  1814  or  1816,  and.  going 
abroad  in  1816^  had  stuck  rather  perceptibly  erer 
sinoe  to  the  fiuiiions  of  his  most  briUiant  di^ 


424 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


tl'S.IT.MoT.l^'H. 


WbUo  on  tho  subject  of  Bjron,  I  rnB,y  perhapa 
be  allowed  to  add  a  minute  item  rogarding  Ludy 
BjroD.  This  kdr,  ^hea  still  Misa  Milbauke,  was 
instructed  in  Italian  by  a  gentlemaa,  Mr.  Deago- 
stini,  whom  I  remember  aa  &  Tery  old  man  in  my 
childhood.  A  lady  belon^ng  to  iny  family  ha« 
lately  reminded  me  that  thie  old  gentlemen  used  to 
remark  upon  the  singubr  coldnesa  of  character  of 
Uiss  Milbanke.  W.  M.  RosSBTII. 

56,  Enatoa  Square,  S.W. 

"HoLLiKD'a  Leaoceb"  (4"'S.  iv.  294.)— Mb. 
Waison  will  find  the  uaiue  Nicholas  Goodman 
at  the  end  of  this  tract,  below  the  word  Finis — 
at  least,  my  copy  has  it  I  do  not  know  of  any- 
thing else  writt^  by  Nicholas  Qoodmau. 

H.H. 


The  book  ii 
mouic  othcra 


the  biabopa,  deans,  and  prebenduici  of  tbe  chmdt,  QmB 
paseei  to  antiquarisn  meniorjili,  such  u  tbe  NoBHl 
timber  ball  of  the  epjKopfll  palace,  tha  efflff^  of  8t* 
Kibelbert,  biouea  and  monameiiti,  ai  irell  aatne  UbaiT 
of  cbained  books  and  theit  contents  over  tto  IMtk 
traasopt,  the  famous  Mappoj  Mundl,  and  oUier  ivIOMt* 
ing  subjects  rdatiHE  to  tbo  catbednl.  Huofa  p  ' 
(p-eat  research  is  sbonn  in  tbe  deacriptiv«  I 
attacbed  to  tbe  numerous  plates.  That  thia  bo 
a  worthy  record  ol  this  auciait  see  and  its  d 
....   ,f  local  subicribara  ia 


>  lattanna 
bookwfflb* 


MOTES  OH  BOOKS.  Eia 
Altai  DvTtr  :  Hit  Lift  and  Wotki,  including  Autobio- 
oranUiW  PaperM  ami  ComfJctc  Ca4tilogac,  by  William 
B.  Scotl,  Autbor  of  "  Half-hour  Leeturea  on  the  His- 
tory and  Practice  of  the  Fine  and  Omiunental  Arts." 
With  Six  Etchiagi  by  the  AmOiot,  and  other  Illualm- 
tioiu.    (LongmBna.) 

Reputations  ebb  and  flow.  There  are  times  when  the 
public  will,  like  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  shift  their  trumpet 
and  lake  an  ufF  when  the  talk  is  of  Kaffuele  anil  Coneggio; 
aad  again  there  are  times  when  tbe  public  will  had 
williDD  earn  to  nothing  else.  So  it  has  t>een  with  the 
great  Nuremberg  artist.  Thougb  bis  star  bss  never  bveu 
obscured  and  rarely  paled,  men's  eyes  haTe  recently 
been  more  steadily  and  earnestly  directed  towards  it — 
amoni;  many  other  reasons,  purbups,  on  account  of  Mr. 
Holt's  persistent  and  ingenioua,  if  not  convincing,  argu- 
ments that  bo  was  the  deaiKUer  of  tbe  Fairford  Windows,  I 
which  have  recently  stirred  ay  such  a  coil  in  the  anti- 
qnariin  and  artistic  world,  let,  when  we  consider  bow  I 
well  the  works  of  Durer  are  knowE  in  Knglaiid,  and 
how  iiighly  they  are  Cfltcemwl  ainodg  us,  it  is  strange 
tbat  it  should  be  left  to  the  autbor  of  the  book  before  us 
to  supply  art  Btudeats  m  this  country  with  nn  account  I 
of  his  life,  writings,  and  catalogues  of  his  iiorks.  Tho 
literature  of  Germany  is  rich  in  such  materials,  nor  is  ' 
France  destitute,  but  Kni;land  owes  to  Mr.  Scott  the  first 
Life  of  Albert  Uurer.  But  if  we  wailed  long  for  eucli  a 
book,  we  are  not  doomed  to  disappointment  when  we  get 
it.  Himself  an  artist.  Mr.  Scott  (pves  us  tho  artist's 
lift  in  bis  own  words  and  works  \  and,  as  wo  turn  page 
after  page,  the  artist  and  tbe  mangraduully  develop  them- 
selves before  us  in  a  way  nhicb,  to  our  mind,  is  very- 
effective,  and  juttlifies  the  author's  opinion  uf  bim  that  ho 
was  a  simpte-miuded  man,  profound  and  strong,  viewing 
Life,  Art,  and  Religion  in  tlie  same  serious  siiiriL  The 
admirers  of  Albert  Durtr  are  under  f;reat  obliirations  to 
Mr.  Scutt  for  this  life  of  the  great  master, 
illustrated  by  sumc  etchings  by  the  author, 
one  of  Durer  at  eighteen,  striking  for  its  r 
tho  received  iiortraits  of  Uio  Saviour. 
Falti  UercfordieHiet ;  or,  AMiyuarian  Stenuyriah  of  Hire- 
ford.  By  Ike  Bev.  Francis  Uavcrgal,  il.X.  fFith 
IlluilTalv.ni  byCC.  Haddou,  Architect,  4to,  ISOD. 
In  illustration  of  tlie  cathedral  and  ancient  diocese  of 
Herefuid,  much  will  be  Ibund  to  interest  (he  reader  of 
Mr.  Uavergal's  book.    It  commeuces  with  a  history  of 


Hiiloriml  Sietchtt  of  Que  Beign  of  Gtarye  Om  Sm^ 
Sy  Mrs.  Qliphant.    (Blackwood  &  Sons.) 
IfMiB.  Oliphant  cannot  lay  claim  to  noveltj  in  htr 

cboiceoraeubject,Bbei8at  leostjuMifledin  dtAvMkf 
the  manner  in  which  she  ha*  treated  IL  InstMd  tf  • 
history  of  the  reign  of  tbe  second  Qeorge,  Hra.  OHnblBt 
gives  us  s  dozen  3ever  sketches,  which  are  verj  pkunC 
reading,  of  tbe  principal  persoDOgea  who  flnrad  In  thit 
extraordinary  Court.  First  we  have  the  Qnean  i  nait 
tbe  Minister,  Sir  Robert  Walpole ;  next,  t3iWei6dd,  Os 
inan  of  tbe  world;  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Mootagiia,  tbi 
woman  of  fashion ;  her  quondun  friend  and  oaaempalflal 
satirist.  Pope  tbe  poet  j  these,  with  tbe  Yoiing  Clwnltab 
are  tbe  subjects  of  Mrs.  Oliphant'a  first  Tolom^  In  hK 
second  she  gives  us  Jobn  Wesley  ai  the  tftirnij)  mt' 
Lord  Anson  aa  the  sailor;  Biahop  BeAeby  ii  liar pUk- 
Bophcr ;  and  Samuel  Richardson,  whose  CtEarissa  TTmlmi 
boa  agsin  been  drawing  tears  from  all  eyea,  la  bar  DOTiUi 
Hume  the  sceptic,  and  Hogarth  the  painter,  eondndatkt 
series.  Mrs.  Ulipbant's  cboractei  of  tbat  nauikaUl 
woman  Queen  Caroline— a  womaa  bomeeeminglj  toMM- 
tradict  all  our  preconceived  ideas  of  feminioe  wtakMWi 
and  womanlyinatinets— is  of  course  baaed  upon  Lo»dH»- 
vey's  inimitable  Memoirs,  and  is  a  clever  and  aUia  akal^ 
perbyis  tbe  most  effective  in  tbe  book.  At  all  nwt^t 
is  auffidentlv  attractive  to  ensure  that  the  readeta  vbohm 
Queen  by  Mrs.  OUpliant  «fl 


thus  been  introduced  t<: 


niroduction  to  the  celebrities  1^  whom  bar  Hiji 

The  FenMevi 
Avihenlicily  nf  the  Boott  of  Mate 
fraud,  in  Hrplg  to  Modem  Criti 
T.  K,  Birks.    {Ilalchards,) 
Theological   discussiuna   being   tKj-ond    the 


pale  rf 
>p&^|. 


scarcely  called  for)  by  stating  that  it  ia  tt 
object  to  give  a  full  and  complete  solution,  in  a  fem 
quite  intelligible  to  plain  Engliali  readers,  of  the  ElohUk 
question,  or  tho  objection  raised  against  the  md^  aal 


Oner  tht  AUeghaniet  and  Acroa  tie  Prmrita.     T      iiirf 

RecoBtctima  of  the  Fat  JTat  One  and  TVeaiy  Tim 

Ago.    By  John  Lewis  Peyton.  (Simphin  A  ManhtOJ 

Colonel  I'eyton,  who  is  already  favourably  known  W 

The   Adeenluret  of  my  Grandfilher,  is  an   Int^Ugoi 

and  observant  traveller,  who  tells  well  whot  he  has  saM, 

BO  that  his  narrative  of  what  canie  under  his  uotioe  whw 

and  twenty  years  ago,  makal  a 


little  volume  of  very  pleasant  re 


PalraSiai  or,  Spaniih  Steriee,  Ltgendary  amj  7>^- 
lioaat.  By  the  Author  of  "  Tradllfona  ofTyroL"  ffl* 
IButtraiio«^  by  E.  IL  Corbould.     (Giiffltb  &  Farran.) 

When  one  connidere  bow  rich,  from  the  fii itaani 

of  its  history,  Spain  must  be  in  legendary  and  traditkad 
lore,  it  is  aomewbat  surpridDg  how  little  bat  y«t  bM> 


4*  S.  IV.  Nov.  13,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


425 


done  to  make  English  readers  acquainted  with  it.  The 
author  of  the  work  before  us  cla-ssilies  his  collection  oT 
8torie.s  under  the  heads  of  Popular,  Legendary,  Cabal- 
lercsco,  Moresque,  and  De  Ultramar  or  Colonial ;  and 
the  fifty  tra«liti()ns  which  he  has  collected  will  be  found 
not  only  well  calculated  to  please  the  voung,  for  whose 
amu^'emcnt  principally  the  work  is  published,  but  also 
to  iDtcreit  those  who  share  the  interest  taken  by  Walter 
Scott,  Palgrave,  Keightley,  and  other  scholars  in  that 
curious  question — the  Origin  of  Popular  Fiction. 

Books  Received  :  — 
Notes  on  Burgundy y    By  Charles  Richard  Weld.    Edited 

by  his  Widow.     (Longman.) 

Those  last  words  on  the  title-page  give  a  touching 
interest  to  this  little  volume,  the  closing  records  of  the  tra- 
vels of  the  accomplished  gentleman  whose  "Vacation 
Rambles "  have  from  time  to  time  given  to  the  world 
evidence  how  fully  he  possessed  all  the  qualities  essential 
to  a  good  writer  of  travels. 
Nature,    A  Weekly  Illustrated  Journal  of  Science,  No,  L 

The  Appearance  of  this  new  journal,  which  adopts  for 
its  motto  Wordsworth's  declaration  — 

"  To  the  solid  ground 
Of  Nature  trusts  the  mind  which  builds  for  ayei** 

affords  another  proof  how  rapidly  scientific  studies  are 
spreading  among  us.  The  list  of  distinguished  con- 
tributors to  the  new  journal  is  a  guarantee  for  the  ability 
with  which  Nature  will  be  supported. 

Here    IVe  are  Again!    Rouilec^e^s   Christmas  Annual, 
Edited  by  Edmimd  Routledge. 

The  first  of  the  collections  of  miscellanies  which  of  late 
years  have  been  issued  to  commemorate  the  arrival  of 
Christmas.  Mr.  RouUedge  has  given  variety  to  the  pre- 
sent Annual  by  the  insertion  of  an  illustrated  paper  on 
"  Decorations  at  Christmas  Tide." 

George  Wither  and  the  Fuller  Worthies' 
Library. — Mr.  Grosart  states  that  it  is  his  intention 
to  include  the  eonmlete  works,  prose  and  verse,  in  the 
Fuller  Worthies*  Library;  but  that,  like  the  oth^ 
Wither  will  be  limited  to  the  friends  who  favour  him  with 
their  names.  It  may  be  added  that,  assuming  that  nearly 
&L1  the  ftiends  who  now  share  with  him  the  expense  of 
the  Fuller  Worthies'  Library  will  order  Wither,  it  is  cer- 
tain the  whole  number  will  be  taken  up  before  he  goes  to 
press ;  and  thus  the  work  will  not  be  procurable  at  any 
price  thereafter.  Hence  book-lovers  not  yet  provided 
with  the  Worthies,  and  who  wish  to  possess  the  set,  most 
lose  no  time  in  applying  to  him.  He  calculates  that 
Wither  will  occupy  from  twelve  to  fifteen  volumes. 

The  question  of  Probabilities  is  one  which  often  enters 
into  the  discussion  of  disputed  points  of  history,  biography, 
&c.,  and  we  therefore  direct  the  attention  of  any  of^oor 
readers  interested  in  such  matters  to  a  paper  entitled 
"  Estimates  of  Probability,*'  in  The  Student  for  November. 

A  New  Ducanoe. — Those  who,  like  ourselves,  have 
long  felt  the  want  of  a  new  edition  of  Dncange  (moreoom- 
pact  than  that  of  Henschel,  and  more  complete  than  the  six 
octavos  published  at  Halle  (1772-84),  will  be  glad  to  hear 
that  Mr.  Murray  announces  ''A  Medisval  Latin-Eng- 
lish Dictionar}',**  founded  on  the  great  work  of  Dncange^ 
comprising  all  matter  of  importance  therein  oontained; 
but  illustrated  and  enliu'ged  oy  numerous  additions,  de- 
rived from  patristic  and  scholastic  authors,  from  the  woria 
of  writers  published  by  the  Record  Commission  of  Goven- 
ment,  from  mcdiseval  histories,  charters,  glossaries,  snd 
dictionaries,  and  from  various  other  sources,  ancient  and 
modern ;  and  that  it  is  edited  bv  one  eminently  qnalifisd 
for  the  task— Edward  Arthur  dayman,  B.D.,  Rector  of 


Shillingstone,  Dorset;  Prebendary  of  Sarum ;  late  Fellow 
and  Tutor  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  It  will  be  pub- 
lished in  small  4to,  and  the  volume  is,  we  believe,  nearly 
ready. 

Mr.  Fairholt's  PAORAirrs.— It  will  be  remembered 
that  Mr.  Fairholt  bequeathed  to  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries the  collection  of  books  on  pageants  which  henad 
collected  in  his  zeal  in  the  pursuit  of  artistic  study  ftr 
which  he  was  celebrated.  TheSodetv  has  shown  its 
sense  of  the  value  of  the  bequest  l^  having  a  special 
commemorative  book-plate  engraved  for  them,  and  having 
such  as  required  it  rebound ;  and  we  have  now  to  record 
the  publication  of  a  special  catalogue,  drawn  up  with 
great  care  and  inteUigence  by  Mr.  C  Knight  Watson, 
uie  indefatigable  Secretary  of  the  Society.  As  the  Di- 
rector well  observes  in  the  prefkce,  the  collection  forms 
the  *'  nucleus  of  a  small  library  devoted  to  a  sntjeot 
by  no  means  devoid  of  artistic  and  historical  interest,** 
to  which  additi(fts  mieht  be  made  with  advantage— « 
hint  which  we  trust  will  not  be  lost  upon  Fellows  of  the 
Society. 

BooKSBLLERg'  CatalooueSw— An  Oxford  corre^wnd- 
ent  calls  our  attention  to  "  the  carelessness  — *  not  to  pot 
too  fine  a  point  upon  it ' — with  which  booksellers'  cati^ 
logues  are  sometimes  compiled. 

**  We  may  pe  Aaps  barely  excuse  one  staling  Benjamin 
West,  President  of  the  Royal  Academy,  *  Sir ';  or  another 
dubbins  Horace  Walpde  *  Earl  of  Oxford ' ;  but  we  can 
hardly  DC  so  chaiitaSle  to  a  third,  who  tdb  us  Cftoleo- 
gnqthmamia  was  written  by  Canlfield,  when  we  know  he 
actually  prepared  an  affidavit  of  denial  to  be  sworn  §t 
Bow  Street,  and  that  it  was  one  of  the  perpetratkms  of 
the  Shakespearian  forser,  W.  H.  Ireland ;  or  to  a  ibiirtli, 
who  assures  us  that  Limbird's  Mirror  was  edited  by  the 
author  of  the  (htriotUies  of  Literature ;  or,  finally,  to  a 
fifth,  who  advertises  My  Pocket-book ;  or,  Hints  for  a 
BydUe  Merrie  and  OoMceitede  Tour  (1808),  with  <  qneiT, 
by  Thomas  Hood '  (then  at  the  ripe  age  ofsaven),  instead 
of  by  Edward  Dnbds.  (See  Ub.  Bates's  note,  p.  28&.) 
I  have  only  to  add,  in  sorrow,  that  all  these  dips  oocar 
in  one  month's  iMue." 

The  Sooiett  of  Amtiquaribs.— We  mi^  remind  the 
Fellows  that  the  first  meeting  of  the  society  for  the  pre- 
sent season  will  be  on  Thnrs&y  next,  the  18th  instanL 

There  is  good  news  for  the  admirers  of  BIr.  Tennyson. 
The  book  ay  the  Laureate^  annonnoed  by  Messbs. 
Stkaoban  a  Co.,  is  understood  to  be  a  New  Series  of 
«  The  Idylls  of  the  King." 

Thb  Crabb  RoBnracv  Msmosial.— A  veiy  fltting 
Memorial  of  this  genial  and  accomplished  gentleman  has 
been  erected  at  University  Hall,  Gordon  Square^  the 
scene  of  some  of  his  oseAil  and  benevolent  labours.  It  is 
a  moral  painting,  in  which  Mr.  Crabb  Robinson  is  de- 
picted snrronnded  by  some  of  the  more  prominent  of 
those  firiends  with  whom  the  world  has  been  made  fiuniUar 
through  his  amusing  Diaxr.  The  pictoie  disposes  of 
itself  in  six  groups.  On  tne  ikrther  left  Mn.  Barbaald 
is  seen  in  earnest  talk  with  Mr.  Wakefield;  Godwin, 
Hazlitt,  Caarksoo,  and  Walter  Savage  Landor  stand  bj. 
Next  is  a  company  over  which  WUbelm  von  Sehlegel  and 
Mdme.  de  Slael  preside.  The  Germans  have  a  coonMurt- 
ment  to  themselves,  wherein  the  wdl-marked  portraus  of 
Goethe  and  Schiller  at  once  arrest  the  eyt ;  **  the  Lake 
poets  "also  hold  a  ooospieaons  position.    The  next 


opens  daridy  with  the  grand  wild  head  of  Edward  Irviiup; 
beneath,  Samuel  Booen  has  taken  his  seat  On  a  ms 
near  at  hand  Lady  Bytoa  is  lisfeeninff  to  the  Rev.  F.  W. 
Bobertaon—Mither  portrait  being  firttwed.  Tslftnody 
Aniold»Bvna0n»aiia  otboES  aiensar.  The  ssleetion  wae 
made  **\jf  the  conimittee'*|  tiie  pictorial  tmtasnt  Is 


NOTES  AXD  QUERIES. 


[4*8.IT.Bbr.U,m 


Mil.  Okhidok,  formerly  Cliairman  of  tho  I.ibrnry  Coni' 
tnittee  of  tlie  CorparatiDn  of  l.aiidon,  onnouncH  for  pub- 
lication by  Mr.  IIulton,"Tlic  City  Friend*  of  Shak^pere: 
iritii  somi:  Account  uf  Jolin  Sorlkr  anil  ICicbaril  (iuiui>y, 
DrugsiBta  ond  (Jroccra  of  lluffclcrsbury,  and  thoir  Uc- 
Hcvnduntd."  Sadler  and  lluiuvr,  it  wilt  be  remcinbewl, 
mif^atcil  from  Stratford-on-Avon  about  tlie  j-car  IGOO, 
Ibe  one  being  the  near  relative  of  Judith  Sliak«pen;'a 
godfatlicr,  and  tliD  other  lior  liutbind's  hrother. 

BtEaHR^i.  Dkigiitos,  Hf.li.  &  Co.  hare  in  the  pr 
volume  of  "  Autobio(;rapbio  I{«oHectiona  "  of  the 
Piufesaor  I'rymo  of  Cambridge.       'I'liete   rcmini-ice 
extmd  over  a  period  of  more  than  eercnt}'  years,  and 
jncluile  many  unrecorded  auocdotci  of  ominenc  Bcliolarj, 
lan-yiTO,  and  divines,  al«  a  descripliiin  of 


daughter 

Mkssiui  NtSRET    hare  just  puUlishcd  "The    Lord'i 
Prayer."  Lectures  by  tlio  Rev.  Adolph  Sapliin,  It.A.. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 


Jvh.  Cinininnn,  IHff. 
/*.  C../aetwii  U<  Uuioi  Tcm«,  AmhenI 

ni!«»EM>''iVvBaiii  nmu  OKurona'  i>ei.  m 

_VBIITX  Dl  UBC  CantTCI,  TD  AnlvniD  CunUHMI 

Duu  ('nunom  i^MuKuo.  t^nii  Stcn  del  upi 

E^iKBinn.  OTRHa  l'  Oira^  ux  ati  u'loaii,  tutnu     Da 

I.UCrRA,  1|A  ^StPnuulCA  I>'  ADAHO  CD  EVJ.  fee        n 

IuivIta  bt  Puainxi  mCnamro.accomimia  pc         onl 
Euiu.    Void,  lilil.    Umn. 
IVuitcil  by  Sir.  A.  B.  llmw}  I.  ti,  Ht.  Allmn't  I'lm  B 

ACTOnioniUPIIT  o»  it  Amkbicas  pAlXTER.IlTCuLuncl  Tn 
Wanteil  by  JUt.  H'.  f.  Oitr,  U.  K(i>i<>'l  Ttma.  WiudH 


Aoticcif  to  Carrcdponticiitii. 


<rvn  ulliinilliul."    Pil-fiu,  nil.  ta  bom.    SrSS  bj  lO  BrSJS 


In  t  tiw  a^i.  ftap.  tin,  elKh  fill,  [dgc  Mi. 

"WOMANKIND 
IN    WESTERN    EUROPE 


]ly  THOMAS  WRIGHT,  M.A,  F.8. 

liutntcd  .ilh  elmbnnttlr  (Olound  PUIvaad  Woo 


Kml;  Hidi.  Iirii  crcm  Sro,  eliilh  flit.  mIm  Ik.  M 

GRAVEMOUNDS 

THEIR    CONTENTS. 
By  LLEWELLYN  JEWITT,  F,8.1, 


iv  DAVID  anx 


PARTRtSOE    AKD    COOfSB, 

MANCFACTURINd  STATIOSEBS, 

192,  Fleet  Sireat  (Corner  of  Chaaeai7  Lue). 

CAHKIAOE  PAID  TO  THE  CODNTST  OX  OKDEBI 


Bi 


i,iiin.   pouihnl  Mtek  OrS? 
iiniwruni.  l«D  IeIuh.  bom  W.i  UuM 
AddKiri  IHe«,  ttirni  3f . 
[ON  PAPER,p1iln.ti.l«na>"-  •^■1 
OL  STATIONERV  lULitUldi  _ 

rintnl   PriiE  I.IU  or  Inkitute  rimlil  ^i^  ^^^H 
tu,  !■!«•(■  Snkf ,  IVrlllilf  Qub,  MtnU  aS^^S^S 


1 


4«>  S.  IV.  Nov.  20,  '09.] 


NOTES  AND  QUE      ES. 


427 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  20,  1869. 

CONTENTS.— No  99. 

NOTBS :  —  Thd  Duke  of  Medina  Sidonia  and  the  Spanish 
Armada,  427  —  Henrick  Niclaas :  the  Family  of  Love,  480 

—  Baik:  a  Fragment  on  Shakspereaa  Glosearies,  432  — 
The  Apparitions  in  Macbeth,  /&.—  Pepys  and  Fhrmin,  438 

—  Gladstone  on  the  Law  of  Marria^^  — Hussar  — Llan- 
dudno —  Velocipede,  433. 

QUBEIES:  —  Andrews  Family  —  Anonymous  —  "Aut 
Cscsar  aut  nuUus  "  —  Napoleon  Bonaparte  —  The  Bourbon 
Family  — Mr.  Bryant's  Private  Plates  of  Views  in  Surrey 

—  Dr.  William  Fuller,  Bishop  of  Lincoln  — John  Knox  — 
Patent  Rolls  in  Irdand- Random  —  Roman  Nobility,  4c. 

—  Waylinff  or  Way  land  Family  —  "  Thy  wish  was  father, 
Harry,  to  that  thought,"  434. 

QuBBiES  WITH  AwBWEBS :— Did  Drake  introduce  Potatoes  ? 

—  A  Pope's  Bull  —  Bosavcrn  Penlez-  "Ephemeris  Parlia- 
mentaria  "  —  Dunrobin  Castle,  N.B.  —  Count  doBournon 

—  Giulio  Clovio.  436. 

REPLIES:  — Who  were  the  Combatants  in  the  Clan  Battle 
on  the  Inch  of  Perth,  a.d.  139G  ?  — Rothwell  Crypt  and 
Naseby  Battle,  440  — Decoration  of  Honour:  Gormogons  : 
Freemasons,  441  —  Smallwood :  Webster  —  Henrick  Nic- 
laes :  The  Family  of  Love  —  Benedictiona]  Queries,  442. 

Notes  on  Books,  &c. 


THE    DUKE   OF   MEDINA  SIDONIA  AND    THE 
SPANISH  ARMADA. 

iSeveTal  letters  have  appeared  from  time  to 
time  iu  ''N.  &  Q."  on  the  Spanish  Armada;  but 
there  is  one  point  which,  as  far  as  I  know,  still 
•wants  clearing  up ;  and  that  is  the  fate  of  the 
General,  as  the  High  Admiral  was  called,  the 
Duke  of  Medina  Sidonia. 

The  invasion  took  place  in  the  middle  of  1588; 

and,  return  through  the  British  Channel  being 

cut  off  by  the  British   fleet,  the  remaining  ships 

of  the  Spanish  Armada  sailed  completely  round 

England  and  the  west  coast  of  Ireland  to  Spain, 

where  such  as  escaped  the  terrific  gales  of  that 

season  arrived  in  September  of  the  same  year. 

But  was  the  Didie  among  these  ?   The  histories 

most  nearly  contemporaneous — Camden,  Holin- 

shed,  Echnrd,  and  others — tell  us  nothing  clear 

about   his   fate,  and    merely   speak    in    general 

terms  of  the  return  of  the  ships.      Only  Stow 

(AnnaiSf  1G14,  p.  748)  says  — 

"  About  the  ende  of  September  the  Duke  of  Medina 
arr\'ved  in  Spayne,  bcinjjf  as  much  discountenanced  at 
Court  as  discouraged  in  his  journey." 

And  Mariana  (vol.  xv.  72,  1820)  more  distinctlv : 
— '*  El  Duque  echandose  en  alta  mar  escapo  del 
naufragio,  y  llego  a  Santander  a  fine  de  Setiem- 
bre  " ;  which  Craik  and  ^lacfarlane  copy  in  their 
Pictorial  History  of  Enylandy  adding  from  Old- 
mixon,  "  with  no  more  than  sixtv  sail  out  of  his 
whole  fleet." 


F.  Strada,  also,  in  1C50  {De  BeUo  QaUidb  deem 
Secunda,  p.  669),  writes : — 

'^Medinse  Sidoniae  Dux  ad  Sanctandreannm  vcterif 
Castellffi  portuni  appulsns  cum  pauds  navibos  iiaqae 
sauciis  mutilatisque,  et  velut  in  magno  naufhigio  col- 
lectis  male  coko^rentibus  tabnlis,  ut  erat  animo  CBger 
pariter  et  corpore,  domum,  permissu  Begis,  carationis 
causa,  concessit^ 

"Ergo  ....  per  Scotiam,  perque  Orcades,  peraue 
Hebndes .  .  .  universam  Britanniam  Hibemiamque  di^ 
curavecti,  baud  facile  dictu  est ...  .  quam  crebris  hor- 
rendisque  tempestatibus  ac  naufragiis  conflictati  dnt,  A4 

Hibernian  littora  decern  omnino  naves . . .  periere 

Humanius  cum  iis  actum  quibus  ad  maridmaa  Scotise 
atque  Norvegiac  eras  impulsis,  liberum  in  HispaniaiK 
iter  pnestitum  est." 

These  writers,  therefore,  believed  that  the  Dnk» 
was  in  Spain  again  in  Sept  1688.  Some  in- 
teresting facts  are  to  be  gleaned  from  the  evi- 
dence of  Spanish  sailors  belonging  to  the  ships 
under  the  command  of  Admiral  Kicalde  whick 
Avere  wrecked  on  the  Irish  coast  near  Tralee. 
Their  evidence  was  published  at  the  time  in  a 
tract,  repeated  in  vol.  i.  of  the  Harleian  Miacd- 
lany : — 

**  Em.  Fremosa  [examined  Sep.  16, 1588  :  of  Ad.  R£- 
calde's  ship,  St.  John  ] :  They  were  punned  by  some  of  the 
English  fleet  about  5  days  after  this  fight  northward,  out  of 
the  sight  of  any  land,  and  as  he  thinketh,  of  [t.  e.  ofl']  tiM 
north  part  of  Scotland.  He  saith  that  4  days  after  the 
English  fleet  left  them  [Aug.  17],  the  whole  fleet  re- 
maining being  towards  120  sail,  aa  it  was  said,  came  te 
an  island,  as  he  thinketh,  .of  the  north  part  of  Scotlandt 
where  they  staved  not,  nor  had  relief,  but  at  this  plaoe 
the  General  [the  Duke]  called  all  liie  ships  togetfaec^ 
giving  them  in  charge  that  they  should  .  .  .  haste  them 
to  the  first  place  they  could  get  to  of  the  coast  of  Spaia 
or  Portugal  .  .  .  After  this  ibr  ten  days  the  whole  fleet 
remaining  held  together  holding  their  course  the  beat 
they  could  towards  Spain.  He  saith,  that  at  the  same 
time,  which  is  now  about  20  days  or  more  past  [Aug.  27] 
they  were  severed  by  a  great  storm.  .  .  .  About  10  days 
past  [Sep.  5]  they  had  another  great  storm  with  a  mist, 
by  which  storm  they  were  again  severed,  so  as,  of  thoee 
27  sail,  there  came  into  the  coast  by  Dingle  Cuahe  but 
the  Admiral  [Ricalde]  and  another  ship  and  a  bark.*'- 

Re-examined,  "  E.  F.,  mariner,  saith  that  the  day  next 
before  the  great  tempest  in  which  the  Duke  was  severed 
from  them,  beinf^  n  ver^'  calm  day,  himself  counted  tbe 
navy  then  remaining,  which  then  were  but  78  sail  in  alL 
When  they  were  farthest  off  in  the  north  thev  were  at 
62  degrees  northward,  and  were  then  Skbont  mar  eooDe 
leagues  and  somewhat  more  from  any  land,  and  at  tbe 
northwest  part  of  Scotland,  Cape  Claie  [Clear]  beini; 
then  from  them  south  and  b>'-west,  and  this  was  about 
4  or  5  days  before  the  said  great  tempest" 

*<  Examination  of  John  Antonio  de  Moneko,  30  miles 
from  Ganna.  Sep.  17,  1588.  *  He  saith,  it  was  thought 
to  be  about  6  leagues  west  from  the  north-west  part  of 
Ireland,  that  the  Duke  departed  ,fh>m  the  rest  of  tbe 
company.* 

'*  Re-examination  of  John  Anthonio  of  Grenoa,  mariiMr. 
*  He  said  the  Duke,  being  better  watered  than  the  otbem 
were,  held  more  westerly  in  the  sea.' 

**  John  Anthonio  de  Monona,  an  Italian  eatt-awinr  ja 


428 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*^  &IY.  Nor.  M^  "in 


the  Bound  of  BleBky  [Blasket]  Sep.  2, 1588 :  examined 
11th  Sept.:— 

*  That  he  and  the  rest  parted  from  the  English  fleet,  as 
he  thinketh,  ahoat  the  coast  of  Scotland ;  and  at  that 
time  thej  wanted  of  their  whole  fleet  4  galleys  7  ships 
and  one  galliasa.  Where  he  left  the  Duke  he  knoweth 
not,  but  it  was  in  the  north  seas  about  eighteen  days 
sithence  [Aug.  24] ;  he  saw  tlien  no  land,  and  therefore 
can  name  no  place ;  but,  they  severed  by  tempest,  the 
Duke  kept  his  course  to  the  sea ;  we  drew  towards  land 
to  And  Cape  Clear,  so  did  divers  other  ships,  which  he 
thinks  to  amount  to  the  number  of  40  ships.  Hitlier  he 
came  round  about  Scotland ;  he  Uiinks  the  Duke  is  by 
this  time  near  Spain.' 

"  Re-examined  Sep.  15:  *Thc  Duke  parted  22  da^'s 
ago  [Aug.  24]." 

Before  commenting  on  this  evidence,  I  will 

Produce  an  extract  from  a  pamphlet  printed  in 
590,  and  reprinted  in  the  Marleian  ifiscellany, 
Tol.  i.,  entitled  — 

**  A  Discourse  concerning  the  Spanisli  Fleet  invading 
England  in  1588.  Written  in  Italian  bj'  Petruccio 
Ubaldino,  and  translated  for  A.  Kyther  ":— 

**  The  Lord  Admiral  [Charles  Lord  Howard]  therefore 
determined  to  follow  the  Spanish  fleet  only  so  long  until 
they  might  bo  shut  up  to  the  northward,  whither  the 
Spanish  fleet  direct^  her  course,  but  to  what  end  was  not 
known.  And  that  he  with  the  same  wind  might  come 
to  the  Firth  which  is  upon  the  coast  of  Scotland,  if  so  be 
that  he  saw  the  enemy  pass  those  parts.  Whereupon  he 
thought  moreover  that  it  was  good  to  stay  his  fleet  from 
attempting  aueht  upon  the  Spaniard,  until  he  should 
have  good  inteUigence  of  their  purpose,  thereby  to  work 
a  mean  utterly  to  disperse  and  overthrow  them.  But  the 
Spaniards  kept  their  course  about  the  islands  of  Orkney, 
declaring  thereby  that  they  minded  to  return  that  way 
into  Spam,  ^ong  by  the  north  coast  of  Scotland,  which, 
as  skimil  men  conjectured,  would  b(>.  to  their  evident 
danger,  as  it  fell  out  afterwards.  Perceiving  therefore 
the  purpose  of  the  enemy,  when  he  was  shut  up  flfty- 
five  degrees  thirteen  minutes  to  the  northward,  and  thirty 
leagues  off  from  Newcastle,  the  Lord  Admiral  resolved 
with  himself  to  let  the  Spanish  fleet  keep  on  her  way ; 
albeit  at  the  first  he  was  minded  to  give  them  a  strong 
assault  upon  the  second  of  August ....  The  Lord  Ad- 
miral resolved  to  put  into  the  Firth  in  Scotland 

But  the  wind  being  much  westward  and  against  him,  the 
day  following  changed  his  course,  and  returned  to  Eng- 
land with  his  whole  fleet,  the  7th  of  August.  The  Spanish 
fleet,  passing  as  aforesaid  into  those  seas  .  .  .  whether  it 
were  driven  to  and  fro  with  contrary  winds,  or  by  some 
other  fatal  accident  that  fell  out,  it  continued  therein 
tossed  up  and  down  until  the  end  of  September,  with 
fearful  success  and  deadly  shipwreck  along  the  whole 
coast  of  Ireland. .  .  ." 

"  This  is  reported,  that  after  her  Majesty  was  thoroughly 
assured  of  the  return  of  the  Duke  into  S))ain,  and  that  her 
seas  were  free  and  clear  from  all  her  enemies ....  it 
seemed  good  unto  her  .  .  .  that  her  people  should  render 
unto  Almighty  God  as  gro^t  thanks  as  might  be"— which 
was  performed  on  Nov.  19  of  the  same  year. 

The  evidence  of  the  sailors  is  self-consistent  on 
some  points — ^the  dat-e  of  the  storm  which  severed 
the  snips,  Aug.  24  or  27 ;  the  place  where  this 
took  place  and  the  Duke  was  seen  for  the  last 
time^  being  off  the  north-west  point  of  Ireland ; 
that  the  Duke  kept  further  to  the  west  oflf  the 
west  coast  of  Ireland,  and  was  therefore  supposed 


to  have  e8cai>ed  wreck  in  Dingle  Bay,  and  to  hm 
reached  Spain  without  disaater.  If  the  moit 
northerly  point  reached  waa  02^  N.  lat,  tiuqr 
must  have  rounded  the  Shetlanda^aa  irall  aa  fba 
Orkneys,  and  have  turned  weetwazda  ooly  when 
they  saw  a  perfectly  open  sea  northwaida.    The 

Sause  at  an  island,  mentioned  by  Fremota,  eri- 
ently  marks  a  change  of  direction,  indicated  hj 
the  Duke's  charging  all  the  ahips.to  **  haatatbem 
to  the  first  place  they  could  get  to  of  the  eoaat  of 
Spain  or  Portugal"    If  this  island  wera  North 
Ronaldsha,  the  most  northerly  of  the  Oxkiiey% 
they  would  pass  through  the  channel  between 
the  Orkneys  and  Shetlanoa,  and  with  thia  the  eeti* 
mate  of  the  succeeding  days  might  be  made  to 
agree.     If,  however,  they  circumnavifKated  the 
Snetlands  also,  these  days  would  appear  too  few. 
Anyhow,  these  sailors   say  distinctly  that  the 
whole  fleet  kept  together  for  ten  daya  after  the 
review,  and  that  then  came  the  storm  which  en- 
ried  the  Duke  out  of  sight,  and  that  thia  mm  off 
the  north-west  part  of  Ireland.    The  tract  laet 
quoted  is  not  easily  recondled  with  some  point!  of 
the  sailors*  evidence.     It  is  not  dear  now  the 
English  admiral  found  out  that  the  Spaniarda  wen 
going  as  far  as  Orkney,  when  he  waa  only  in  Ae 
latitude  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne  (56®) ;  and  if  the 
''Firth  of  Scotland''  was  the  Pentlandt  and  he 
was  there  on  August  2,  as  is  implied,  he  codd 
scarcely  have  been  back  in  England  on  the  Ttt. 
But  if  this  part  of  Ubaldino's  testimoxiy  mut  be 
rejected,  another  is  important.   The  aaiuxTBy  b^ag 
in  Ad.  Ricalde's  squadron,  could  only  g^oeaa  at  fti 
fate  of  the  Duke  s  squadron.    Thia  writer  ii^ 
distinctly  that  the  Spanish  fleet,  passing  into  thoM 
seas  (i.  e,  those  at  the  north  of  Scotland,  ahoat 
the  Orkneys),  wtis  tossed  up  and  down  there  unlil 
the  end  of  September,  with  fearful  aocoeai  and 
deadly  shipwreck  along  the  whole  coast  of  In- 
land.   As  the  sailors  do  not  mention  thia  at  aD, 
may  we  not  conclude  that  it  was  the  Dnke^a  divi- 
sion, or  a  part  of  it,  which  was  so  beaten  abontP . 
and  may  not  the  Duke  himself  have  been  thu 
behind,  rather  than  before,  Ad.  RicaldeP  The 
ships  that  parted  company  about  the  north-wert 
point  of  Ireland  may  have  been  some,  but  not  al^ 
of  the  Duke*8  division,  and  the  Duke  may  have 
been  still  far  away  in  the  north. 

This  hypothesis  I  hazard  as  the  eaaieat  mode 
of  harmonising  the  previous  accounta  with  that 
which  I  am  about  to  bring  forward,  which  hai 
been  little  known  out  of  Shetland,  and  unnoticed 
by  historians,  yet  which  seems  to  defy  any  a^ 
tempt  to  reject  it  as  simplv  baseless.  The  Shot- 
land  story  affirms  that  the  Duke  himaelf  wea 
wrecked  on  the  wild  rocks  of  Fair  lale  (between 
the  Orkneys  and  the  Shetlands,  but  belonging  to 
the  latter),  and  compelled  to  winter  there.  I 
quote  from  theDescri^on  of  the  Islands  of  QrlMiy 
and  Zetland  by  Robert  Monteith,  1633;  repnV 


NOTES  AND  Q0EKIES. 


lished  under  the  Buperictendeiice  of  Sir  Robert 
Sibbnld  (and  often  called  his)  1711 ;  reprinted  in 
194C.    Speaking  of  Fair  Isle  he  says  (p.  53)  :— 

"  One  mcmotablc  accident  hero  occurs,  namely  tbat 
llic  DukeofMeiliiia.  Ailmirat  of  the  fannidablB  Spanish 
Arnmdo  (in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  Anno  l.'i88),  , 

a\e,  where  the  ship  S|>lit,  but  the  Duke  with  200  men 
ramc  to  ahoce  alive  anc)  wintered  here  in  great  miseric, 
for  tlie  Spaoiirds  at  first  eating;  up  nil  they  could  tind, 
not  only  neat,  sheep,  taht^  and  fowta,  but  alio  horses.  , 
llie  lilanden  in  the  ni);ht  carried  off  their  beaats  and 
victual  to  places  in  the  isle,  where  the  Spaniards  might 
not  find  them  :  tbe  Oflicera  also  strictly  commanded  the 
Souldiers  to  take  nothing  liat  whatthej  payed  for,  which 
they  did  veiy  larRply,  so  that  the  people  were  not  great 
losers  by  them,  having  got  a  great  many  Spaniih  RyalU 
for  thc'Viclui^ls  they  caic  then),  but  now  the  People 
fearing  a  famine  among  tliemaelvea,  kept  up  their  vinluala 
from  the  Spaniards;  thus  .ill  supply  from  the  iale  failing 
them  Iher  look  their  own  bread  (nhlch  they  hod  pre- 
served) w'bich  being  dipt  in  fish  oyl,  they  did  eat,  which 
being  also  spent,  it  came  to 'pass  tliat  many  of  them  died 
for  hunger,  and  the  rest  were  so  weakened,  that  one  or 
two  of  the  Islelanders,  tinding  a  few  of  them  together, 
could  easily  throw  them  over  the  banks,  by  which  means 
many  of  them  died ;  at  length  ail  sustenance  failing,  not 
only' to  the  Spaniards,  but  also  to  the  Isleiandem.  they 
sent  a  small  boat  or  Yole  to  Zetland,  desiring  a  ship  to 
Carrie  ihem  out,  tcit  all  the  inhahitantaof  the  isle  should 
be  famisheiL  Xotice  came  to  Andrrw  Umphrty  of  Barry 
I  oil  west  coast  of  Main  land]  tlicn  Proprietarieof  the  isle), 
who  having  a  ship  of  his  own,  instantly  went  to  the 
isb-,  nnd  brought  thom  to  Zttluad,  where  for  the  space  of 


from  the  Spanish  Admiral. 


uBilfanr 


h  the 


h  better 


hurgh  Head  and  Kitful  Head]  UU  i 
was  readie,  where  {imagining  the  people  did  admire  him) 
lip  inodchis  interpreter  ask  Malcolm  Sinclair,  of  Quoidale,  . 
if  ever  he  had  seen  such  a  man  ?  to  which  Malcolm  in 
broad  Scots  (unintelligible  to  the  Interpreter)  replyed, 
'  Farcie  in  that  face,  1  have  seen  manv  prettier  men 
hanging  in  the  Surrou-Moor '  [the    Edioburgh    'Ty- 

"  From  ZttlaittI  Andrea  Umphrtg  carried  them  in  his 
little  I'liip  to  Dmiirli,  for  which  the  Duks  reworded  bim 
with  ;!IKIU  Merke." 

I  hare  myself  visited  the  Shetland^  this  9Uiii- 
mer ;  and  thougli  unable  to  see  Fair  Isle,  which 
is  very  far  out  nt  aca  and  difficult  of  approach, 
learned  enoug'h  to  convince  me  that  the  aboTe  is  a 
genuine  trnditinn,  believed  in  sa  honestly  by  the 
present  generation  m  it  can  hare  ever  been  in 
earlier  times.  Kut  for  further  confirmation  I  tviU 
quote  a  letter  Hinco  received  from  Thomas  Ed- 
mondston,  Esq.  of  Buness,  Unst,  a  well-known 
investigator  of  Shetland  antiquities,  usages,  and 
langunge : — 

"  i  have  tliis  morning  {Sep.  22,  1869]  received  a  letter 

lately  on  a  vir^it  to  David  Balfour,  Esq.  of  Balfour.  He 
writes  :—'  I  have  just  come  fVom  a  visit  to  Mr.  BaUbur, 
and  when  there,  I  mentioned  to  him  your  wish  toobtain 
information  about  the  Spanish  vessel  wrecked  at  Foil 
Isle.  He  shciwed  me  a  silver  cup  with  various  heraldic 
shields  &c.  on  il.  and  Initials ;  and  among  them  H.S.,  or  ' 
Malcolm  Sinclair,  who  is  said  to  have  receivsd  the  cnp 


historical  heirloom, 
to  have  no  doubt  of  its  authenticity.  He  is  also  poi- 
seased  of  an  old  paper,  which  I  saw,  viz.  a  contract  be- 
tween Earl  Patriek  and  William  Irving  of  Sebay  ta* 
recovering  the  ordnance  'tint  [lost]  in  the  Spanjiert 
schip  at  the  Fair  Isle.'  8th  March,  1593,  is  the  data  of 
the  paper  ...  I  have  also  heard  of  a  choir  (cow,  I  snp- 
pcae,  somewhere  in  Shetland)  that  had  been  in  the  Ad- 
miral's ship.'  [In  a  subsequent  letter  Mr.  Edmondston 
announces  bis  discovery  of  the  existence  and  ownerohip 
of  this  chair.]  So  much  from  my  correspondent;  I 
thmk  quite  sulTicient  to  convince  any  reasonable  person 
of  the  reality  of  the  wreck.  Hut  besides  all  this,  the 
features,  complexion,  ic.  of  many  of  the  nativea  of  Fair 
lele  ^ve  evidence  of  an  admixture  of  southern  blood ; 
and  a  peculiar  pattern  still  knitted  t>y  these  islanders, 
it  is  asserted  by  them,  bos  been  transmitted  to  them  by 
their  ancestors^— acquired  from  the  wrecked  Spaniards. . . 
The  pattern  is,  1  thmk,  what  is  termed  ArcAaqae." 

The  Fair  Island  knitting  which  I  saw  in  Shet- 
land cert^ly  waa  in  patterns  and  colours  which 
resemble  those  of  the  Spanish  men  and  women 
whom  Calderon  and  Phillip  render  familiar  to  us, 
the  coloitr  being,  however,  duller.  The  evidence 
of  the  contract  seems  to  ma,  to  be  convincing,  if 
the  MS.  be  authentic ;  although  it  is  curious  that 
in  the  fifth  year  after  the  wreck  they  should  still 
entertun  hopes  of  recovering  the,  ordnance.  It 
is  possible  tluit  either  the  records  of  the  Spanish 
Oovemment,  or  documents  belonging  to  the  de- 
scendants of  the  Duke,  might  contain  some  con- 
temporary and  authentic  note  as  to  t^  date  of 
the  Duke's  arrival  in  Spain.  If  he  waa  wrecked 
at  Fair  Isle,  he  most  have  arrived  in  Spun  in 
1589 ;  if  not,  in  1588. 

But  the  Duke's  was  not  the  only  Spanish  vessel 
wrecked  on  the  Shetlands,  accoiaing  to  the 
islanders'  tradition.  Dr.  Hibbert,  in  his  Denrip- 
tion  of  the  Shelland  Mandt,  a  standard  work, 
mentions  — 


famous  Spanish  Armada,  which  sank  on  a  haddock  sand 
overReawiek  Head,  now  called  the  Meeth.  TheSpaniarda 
having  elFccled  their  escape  on  the  shore,  toak  posseHion 
of  Eiriiholm,  sank  a  well  of  good  Aesh  water,  fortified 
the  banlis  with  a  wall,  and  ba3t  for  themselvei  several 
huts.  Sanda-Voe— 4  mile  E. —  ia  a  small  open  bay,  near 
to  which  are  the  ruins  of  a  verv  neat  chapel,  erected  br 
the  Spaniards  i  it  was  originally  dedicated  by  them  to 
St.  Mary." 

I  have  collected  this  evidence  on  both  udes, 
and  offered  a  suggestion  as  to  the  mode  of  recon- 
(uliation  which  seems  possible.  But,  aware  that 
difficulties  remain,  I  now  leave  the  subject  to  be 
taken  up  by  others,  from  whom  I  hope  for  the 
mebr  Lkht  which  b  wanted  to  see  the  events  of 
the  inva«oii  clearly. 

RnssKLL  Mabti^eau, 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIBS. 


[4*B.IT.H«T.9II,WL 


HENEICK  NICLAK8:  THE  FAMILY  OF  LOVE.- 
Of  woricH  published  by  foUowers  or  eldera  of 
H.  N.,  and  the  family  of  love,  or  in  defence  of 
their  tenets,  we  lind  mentioned  in  Ames'  Typogr. 
A»ii^uHie«,  ed.  Herbert,  pp.  1643  wid  liW3  :— 

I.  Fidclitas.  A  diitinct  DcclaraCJn  of  the  Requtring  of 
Ibe  Lorde  anJ  of  the  ffotWn  Talimonies  of  the  holi? 
Spirit  of  the  Loue  of  Jesii  Christ.  Set-f.mrth  by  Fide- 
litM,  a  Fillowe-elder  with  II,  X.  iu  the  Familie  of  the 
Loac  Translated  oat  of  Bue-KlnwrDe.  I*°  (C.  [lie]  in 
fights)  [Quoted  also  In;  A  aupplicatiou  of  the  FniaUy  of 

II.  A  f;ooA  and  rniitfiiU  Exliortallon  i-nta  the  FsTnllic  , 
of  Ij>ao  I  and  vntoall  Ihote  that  sro  assembled  thei-rnto,  i 
and  leat  Roodwillinfie  to  the  Lone  at  GchI  |  and  to  yt 
Lone  of  their  Neiehliour  |  baninc  a  I.nst  to  accompliiih 

aH   Righlennsnea Teatided   and  tet-rourth    bv  i 

Elidad|aFelh)welderwiththGEIderH:.N,iittheFame.  , 
Bo  of  the  Loue  of  Jesn  Chriat.  'IVannlated  out  oF  Dane-  i 
almaj^r.  (Alio  quoted  in;  A  anpplication  oflbeFanulv 

III.  A  lieproofe  [  apoken  and  (ceeuen-foaith  hy  Abia  I 
Kaiarenus  [  agaioat  ill  Mae  ChristianH  |  .icdacinc  Ypo-  | 
eritea  |  and  Kpeiniea  of  the  Trueth  and  Loue.  Wher-  i 
wilball  tbeir  fulse  Deuicea  |  Punishment  |  and  Con- 
ileiiinnlion.  together  u-itli  tbu  Conncrtion  ttom  their  | 
ALhomiDationK.  and  thdr  Preeetiiation  in  theGoiUrnea  |  i 
ia  HKured-fonrtta  before  their  V.yei.  Tranalatcd  out  of  ,' 
INetbrt-Saxoa.  Like  an  lannes  and  lamhrea  withstood 
Uoua,  euen  ao  ia  These  ]  namely,  the  Knemics  of  II.  K. 
andof  IheLoueofChriat  j  ulsoreaist  theTraeth,  4i!.  Im- 
printed in  the  Years  ....  u.u.Lxxix.    R  leavi'S  Hro.       | 

IV.  An  I  Apolofrv  I  for  |  The  Service  of  Love,  |  i 
and  1  TJic  People  that  own  it,  common-  |  !y  called.  The  , 
Family  |  of  Luve.  |  Beinu  a  plain,  but  gnmndly  Dis- 
eoDrao,  b-  I  bout  the  Right  and  Trae  Chriation  Reli- 
Cion:  I  HctforthDialoKne-iriBe  between  the  Citizen,  the  | 

■       "   ■■  ■  ■    eniRi 


followers,  I  now  proceed  t 


.  and  hb  Mct  As 


works  published  against  H.  ?     _.     .__. 

FtLmilj  of  Love.    I  give  tbe  descriptdon  in  fbll  of 
thoae  I  havo  seen,  of  the  otben  merely  ihe  titlai 
as  I  found  them  quoted. 
Dr.  Come  p 


Hfr, 


VII.  The  DUplayiog  |  of  an  horrible  ai 
and  wiclted  Hereiiqnca,  I  naming  tbnnaa 

milie  of  Lone,  with  the  lioBs  |  of  their  J  .  

what  [  doctrine  they  teach  in  (  comers.  |  Sawetjr  M 
foorth  by  |  J.  B.  1378.  |  ^  WhereTiito  ia  annexad  a  ooa- 
fes-  I  sion  of  certain  Articlea,  whieh  waa  I  made  1^  tao 
of  the  Familie  of  Lone.  |  beine  examined  before  a  Joriki 
of  1  peace,  the  26.  of  May  IsGI.  ton-  I  ching  their  eni^ 
tau){bt  a-  I  man;;eat  them  at  their  \  aaaembliea.  |  ^  la- 

'  '   '    '  London  |  for  Ueori^  Biabop.  I 

IS  K3,  7o  11„  amaU  8',  partly  in  black  letla. 


printed  a1 


The  description  of  this  book  is  u  followa ; — 

Leaf  1>  title ;  i^  blank ;  >-?■  Preface  of  tha  Anthaw) 
7»-9*  Stepban  BMeman  to  Uie  Reader ;  90  blank ;  lOsI^ 
The  life  of  Dauid  George  testified  by  the  ItukMa  rf 
Baiil :  13^14»  Tbe  life  and  doing!  of  H.  N.  tettUkd  ^ 
certeioc  of  tbe  Dutch  Chnrch  yet  lining.  Tho  koiv  tti 
man  ;  IG^lu"  Articles  taken  oat  of  the  Biiafca  of  m^ 
ration  which  thev  ill  Mnnater  heldi  16><-1«*  AttUhi 
fialheretl  out  of  the  Bookea,  of  H.  K.  &e. ;  XT-B^  Th 
iliaplaying:  SS'^ru"  A  CanfesNon  made  by  two  tf  tb 


idanExi: 


»hlue, 


abeth;  and  penned  by  one  uf  |  her  JLije^tiea  menial 
ants,  who  was  in  no  [  small  eatecm  with  Her,  for  his 
known  wiadom  and  {  Rudlinesa.  I  With  another  sliort 
Confesuon  of  their  I  Faith,  made  by  the  same  penplc. 
And  linatlv  some  |  Koles  t  CoUei^Iioiis.  gatliered  by  a 
private  hand  |  out  of  11.  X.  upon,  or  concerning  the  eii^ht 
Beatitudes.  |  London,  ]  Printed  (br  Gilw  Calvert,  at  the 
Black-  I  spread  Kagle  at  the  West  end  ofl'sn!',  16iiG.  | 
Collation  :  A-E*  F*,  a  11.  small  M".Roman  typo.  (De- 
icribed  from  D^  Corrie's  copy.) 

£«LFa>>  ore  separately '  paged.  1-12.  and  contain 
(pp.  !-!)>  A  I  Brief  Kehersal  |  of  the  [  Relief  |  of  [  Th 
GoDd-Tillln^  in  |  England,  whieh  arc  named  the  |  h'ainil 
•f  LoTC,  with  the  Con-  |  fession  of  their  upright  (.'bri-  j 
atian  Religion,        " '  .    .   .   j 

Printed  'l 

Confeenion  of  oar  Keligion.    Tbta  work 

as  is  said  on  the  title-page,  the  Notes  and  Collectiona  . . . 

apon,  or  concerning  the  eight  Beatitudes. 

Mentioned  in  tlie  Bodleian  Catalogue : — 

T.  Letters  of  tbe  familie  to  John  Rogen  witli  tbeir 
■niweiB.     Loud.  H.  Uiddleton,  for  (.;.  UyBba)>  (15711). 

Mentioned  by  J.  Rogers  as  sei>n  by  him : — 
TI.  A  confession  of  their  faith  newlv  maite. 
After  hnving  given  descriptions  l"  of  the  works 
*  Conolnded  from  p.  106. 


ilie  ic  Lone 
VIIL  A  Diaplaying  of 
and  wicked  Hereriqnes,  |  naming  thenuelm 
of  Lone,  with  the  |  liuei  of  tbeir  Antbn 
doctrine  they  tench  in  |  comets.  |    Newly  aec  no 
J(ohn}  U(ogen!).  |    Wtiervnto  is  added  catiiD  li 
sent  fhmi  the  same  Family  main-  |  teTnio^thdri 
which  tetters  an  aunsircird  bv  the  aam 
printed  at  London  for  George  )  Bishop  | 


ible  Secte  ■ronH] 
of  tbeir  Antbora,  and  |  «ltt 


J.  R.  f  1  I* 


This  litlo  is  tnuiBciibed  from  Dr.  Corrie's  o^v, 
in  which  the  title-page  is  supplied  in  MB.  lia 
contents,  however,  t«ll  us  that  this  ed.  ia  Uai 
than  the  preceding  one,  for  the  first  lattn  ta 
J.  R.  comtnen[»B  thus;  ■<  I  Haue  besUnrod  Sft- 
gence  (M.  Rogcr:^)  in  perusing  the  Booka  wUok 
yc  set  out,  intituled,  The  displaying  of  an  lunriUa 
sect  of  KTosse  and  wicked  henitiques,"  Ac; 

The  book  consists  of  sign.  A,  A-0",  120 IL  amd 
3>,  bhu:k  letter,  and  contains  nearly  the  mm  M 


S°\1I.:- 

As:  1-C^title  and  prefliceof  the  author;  "'  T  niMlhW 
Iliteman  to  the  Reader  ;  g^ll"  Life  of  Daald  Ua«|li 
12>-I3i>the  life  and  doings  of  II.  N. )  ll^lS*  AitUHi 
16Mi7'  The  displaying ;  67'-74'  Cnnlnnan;  74^79  £ 
ft.  to  the  Reader;  76'-I17>'  Lettera;  li»>-l!Oa  A  bd* 
Apologie  to  the  diaplaving  of  the  Famiiia,  Al  tbt  (alt 
Imprinted  at  London  by  Ilenrie  Uiddleton  tbi  GW 
Uyahop. 

IX.  .1.  Rogers,  the  dliplsjing  of  an  bonible  nen  if 
fCToaae  and  wicked  heretiquea,  naming  thaasdna  ttt 
Famiho  of  lone,  with  the  lines  of  thair  aatbonn,  nl 
irhat  doctrine  they  teach  in  comen;  Wherennto  Isa^ 
Tiexed  a  confeiaion  of  nrtain  articles,  wbidi  was  made  bjf 
I  iwo  of  the  famDio  of  lone,  tonchlng  tbeir  aiuuist  4b 
&•  Land,  for  George  Biibop,  UTS. 

I      [This  copy,  described  in  the  Catalogna  <rf  tts 


4*8.  IV.  Nov.ao.'t 


NOTES  AND  QtJEEIES. 


Bodleian  Librnrv,  seems  to  be  differeDt  from  the 
two  preceding  editions.] 
X.  Tlie  liisplaying  of  mi  liorrible  bccIo  of  grosse  and 


0.  Hl*lK 


^  1578. 


[TbiK  cditiou,  also  described  in  the  Cut.  of  the 
JUmH.  Library,  seems  to  be  different  from  N°  IX. 

xr.  .Inlia  llamas  »  Uricfe  npologie  to  the  displavins  of 
Hie  faniilis.  Lonil.  11.  Middlvtnn,  far*.).  Brshon  (1670). 
ifram  tha  C.t.  of  Bmll.  Lil.rar.v.l 

XII.  An  AnawiTT!  viiti.  nn  infamous  Libell  mR<lo  by 
Cbr.  VlCcl,  ono  of  tlic  VAiiefv  F.neliBh  KldvrK  of  the 
jiivtrn^led  F.imily  of  tjiue,  &c,  in  Uvfcnce  o(  the  Dia- 
IiLiviuBoftho  FniiiilvofJ.giie;  Iv.I.  Itosers.  I.nrJ.  bv 
.John  IJaye,  ISifl.  8».  [ThLi  «d.  tliud  dcscrilxKl  in 
Ilohn'a  Lnwndes  b  no  danlit  itlenticil  vilh  that  ilc^^cribcd 
ill  Ihc  Ilodl.  Cat.  OS  fbllnws  :  J.  liogcri  An  answpre  unto 
a  vinkcd  and  infaiuoiia  1ihi-l  ma Je  by  Qir.  Vllpl,  one  nf  (he 
i-bicTe  KiiRliBh  elders  of  the  family  of  lirt-e ;  m«intaining 
their  doctrine  nnil  rnrpiiiicly  anaveringi!  to  ctttaine 
puioUn  of  a  lioke  called  "  Tlie'displaing  (ii'c)  of  the  fam." 
N"  I^nJ.  hv  J.  Daje,  la-il.] 

XI  n.  The  dft«ri|ition  i  And  Confutation  of  mysti- 
call  I  Antichrist  tho  Vamilisls,  |  Who  in  n  myntery.  as 
t;od,  rilleth  in  the  Temple  of  |  God,  shewins  himself  that 
]io  is  (iod.  I  Sign.  ll-If«  S',  G6  II.  4%  Roniau  type.  [This 
fippy,  in  Dr.  Corrie's  collection,  commincM  with  sign.  B ; 
il  ii  likely,  Iheicforo,  tliat  sign.  A,  coiitaininj;  perhaps 
title  and  prelimiiian-  matter,  is  waiilinff.) 

XIV.  .V  Confutation  |  of  certaine  article.'  |  ddinered 
viiio  tlie  Familyc  of  l..niie.  with  |  Ibecxposiiinn  nf  Then- 
jihilm,  a  Buppo- 1  sed  Eld<'r  in  the  "nvd  Familve  vpon  ( 
ilic  *ainc  ArEivles.    Ity  H'illiam  Williinson  Maister  of 

Artes    .   .   .1 Prelixe.!  |  By  .  .  .  JMm)   Y(ong) 

By.Ntiop  of  Ua-  ]  chdlor,  certaine  notes  eollccied  oat  of 
theirGo!<pel  t  andannswcivdbytlicFaiii.  |  By  the  Author, 
;i  iJc'criptlon  of  tho  tyino,  places,  Antbor*,  and  |  manner 
of  .spnrailine  the  °amc :  of  their  Uues,  &c.  At  Ijondon  | 
I'rinled  hv  John  Dnye  dwelling  oner  I  Aldci^gale.  Au. 
I,'i7!).  I  Cam  Priuilegio  lio^Hn  Uaieelatls. 

Sign.  *  4,  li»  A-V,  X\*,  US  11.  -l'  Uaok-lctter. 

The  description  of  tlie  booli,  tnlicn  from  Dr. 
Coitie'd  copv,  is  thus :  — 

I*  title  ;  lf"iiiipriiiiatur ;  'l^i'  Kpisllc  dcdic  of  "W,  W. 
lo  Rich.  (Cox)  Li-sli.  of  Klv  ;  .l^-a"  to  the  Re.ider  ;  6^7" 
ncreOvaU  nffirmntions  .-f'll.  S.  i  «-  Brief  vioiv  of  (he 
heresies  and  erroum  of  II.  X.  confuted  in  this  trenlise ; 
'n-II*l>escrl|ition  tif  Ihii  first  springing  up  of  tho  Hcre- 
slo  termed,  the  Famih'e  of  bmei  il''-lfi'' Kotes  vpon  the 
hooka  entit.  F.nan^'ellum  Begni,  galhcred  bv  J.  Y.,  with 
llie  luinswereaf  Hie  Fiimilie  viito  the  savd  ^~o'tps  i  ICMS* 
Krroursandahiiurciea!<!<eui'ration9our  ofll.  X.  his  Ennn- 
gulie,  gathered  bv  Will.  Wilkinson;  IS^ai"  Artiolex 
vhteh  I  (W.  W.)  exhibitetl  vnto  a  Trend  of  mine,  to  be 
eonuaie'l  vnio  the  Familio  of  loue  that  I  might  be  cer- 
tillod  uf  the  doubles  in  them  rontavned,  Whicli  for  my 
farther  instruction  one  Theophilus  ^nt  mo  nitta  a  letter, 
and  an  Exhortation  anne-ied  viito  the  ^yil  Articles ; 
91''-!I8'  Certaine  proiilaMo  notes  (o  know  an  Herclique, 
cspcdftlly  an  Anabaptist;   lit)"  imprint;  98'' table  of  cor- 

XV.  A  eonfntBtian  of  mon-  |  i^trons  and  horrible  here-  \ 
tics,  taught  hv  II.  X.  and  embrs-  |  ced  of  a  number,  who 
call  them-  |  sclues  (he  Familie  |  of  Lone.  |  by  J.  Knew- 
stnb.  I ....  I  heene  and  allowed,  according  to  the 
Qneenes  J  MaicKlicN  In i unctions.  |  1]  Imprinted  in  London 
at  I  the  throe  Cranes  in  the  Vine- I  tree,  by  Thomas  Daw- 
eon,  for  I  Richard  Scrgier.  |  1679. 


Sign.  •  "«,  IG  U.,  I-IC  i  A*  B-L>  M  N*.  92  II.,  17-|i)8 : 
0*.  211.,  109-110;  P-RS  S*,  i«  II.  111-138,  138  II,  4», 
black  letter.    (Dr.  COrrie.) 

Tbe  contents  nre  as  follows :  — 

1*  title  ;  P  blank  ;  i'-S'  Dedication  lo  Ambrose,  Earls 
of  Warwick  ;S'' blank  ;9--U»  to  the  Reader;  IS'-WTbe 
indgement  of  a  godly  learned  man  touching  this  matter 
(signed  W.  C.)i  17--103*  the  Confutation;  103M06«  A 
Confutation  of  the  doctrine  of  Daiid  George,  and  II.  X. 
...  1  .  by  M.  Martyn  Micronius,  Minister  ...  in  the 
Datcha  Churche  at  London;  105^10t<'>  A  ConfuL  of 
the  Doctrine  of  D.  George  and  H.  X.  .  .  .  by  M.  Nicho- 
las Charinieus  .  .  .  .,  who  died  ...  at  London  Minister 
...  in  the  Dalch  Chnrche  ,  .  .  Sept  .  .  .  1SG3 ;  109^ 
1IU<'  The  ludgemcnt  of  an  other  .  .  .  man  touching  the 
iame  matter;  (signed  L.T.))  IIIMSS"  Sermon  preached 
at  Panics  CroBJO  the  Fiyday  before  Easter  ....  167fi. 
Bv  John  Knewstnh.  rThis  serman  has  reference  to 
l{.  N.I 

XVI.  A  I  Svpplicati-  |  on  of  the  Fa-  |  mily  of  Lone 
(said  to  be  presen-  [  led  into  the  Kings  royall  hands, 
know-  I  en  to  be  dispersed  among  bis  Lovall  |  Subiectes) 
for  grace  and  |  fauour.  |  Examined,  and  toiind  to  be  dero- 
gate- [  rie  in  an  hie  d^ree,  vnto  the  glorie  of  Cod,  the 
honour  I  of  our  king,  and  the  Religion  in  this  Realme  | 
both  soandiv  professed  i  flrm-J  ly  established.  |  Trinted 
for  John  Legate,  rrinCer  to  the  VniDersitie  of  |  Cambridge, 
1G06. 1 

As  text  on  the  title-pag;e  is  chosen  Kevcl.  ii. 
14,  16 ;  — 

"  I  have  a  fcwc  things  against  tbee,  because  Ibon  hast 
them  that  mainetaine  the  doctrine  otBalaatn,  Ac.    Eneit 

M*™/ai(fli.«,  which  thing  I  bale." 

Sign.  A-H<  I»,  34  11.  4°,  Roman  tj-pe. 

If  we  may  infei  from  what  is  said  on  the  title: 
"  Knowen  to  bo  dispersed  ttmong  his  Loyall 
Subiectes,''  that  this  Supplication  of  the  Family 
of  I./Ove  which  is  ''  exnmined"  in  this  worli  hea 
been  printed,  then  no  copy  has  yet  come  into  the 
hands  of  those  who  have  lately  occupied  them- 
selves with  the  worlcs  connected  with  this  sub- 

n  find  no 
trace  of  it. 
I  find  farther  in  the  Bodleian  Catalogue  ; — 

XVII.  Ahiswonh  (or  Aynsworth)  (Uenry)  A  refiita- 
tion  of  the  errors  in  an  epistle  sent  unto  two  daughters  of 
Warwick  from  H.  S.    4°.  .Vmit.  1608. 

XVIIL  A  description  of  the  sect  callwl  the  Familie  of 
Love,  with  llieir  common  place  of  residence,  being  dis- 
covered by  one  Mrs.  Susanna  Snow  of  Pcrford,  Surrey, 
who  was  vainly  led  away,  &c.  i".  Loud.  1C41.  (repr.  in 
vol.  III.  of  the  Harleian  Misc.) 

XIX.  Rutherford  (Sam.)  A  sur\-ev  of  the  »piritDaIl 
Anticbriat  opening  Uie  secrets  of  FamiUsme  and  Autino- 
mianisme  in  the  .\ntichristian  doctrine  of  Ji^n  Salt- 
marsh  and  Win.  Del,  &c;  in  two  parts.  4°.  Lend. 
164S. 

XX.  The  Belief  of  the  Family  of  Lo™.  I2"=.  Lond. 
t6aG.     [Mentioned  in  Bohn's  Lowndes.] 

Xippold  malces  mention  of  the  following  authors 
who  have  written  againat  H.  N.  or  against  Fa- 
milism,  but  whose  tnatiaes  were  totally  unknown 


432 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[40^8.  IT.  Hot.  so,  ■«. 


XXI.  J.  Etherington,  who  is  said  to  have  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  sect,  and  refutes  a  certain  Kandall. 

XXII.  Benj.   Baccrnius,  who  described  and    refuted 
familism  about  1046. 

XXIII.  Rob.  Basilicus  about  1G4G. 

JJ.  11.  IIkssels. 
I'hestertoD  Road,  Cambridge. 


BALK:  A  FRAGMENT  ON  SUAKSPEREAN 
GLOSSARIES  (Ed.  Rkv.  No.  265). 

**  Balk  logic,  (according  to  some)  chop  logic,  wrangle 
logically,  (according  to  others)  give  the  go-by  to  logic." — 
A.  Dyi'b. 

( )De  of  the  most  notable  specimens  of  oblique 
self-laudation  set  forth  by  our  reviewer  is  con- 
tained in  his  remarks  on  the  above  verb,    lie  is  so 
considerate  as  to  excuse  Mr.  Dyce  for  not  attempt- 
iiif/  to  explain  it,  and  thus  prepares  the  reader  for 
liiH  own  triumph  as  a  glossarist :  '^  The  yerb  balk 
is  one  of  the  g;reat  difficulties  of  Shakspearian 
critics^  and  it  has  not  hitherto,  so  far  as  wo  are 
aware,  received  the  smallest  elucidation  beyond  a 
vajrue  and  imsupported  conjecture  as  to  its  pro- 
bable meaning."     And  what  is  the  result  ?    We 
nro  presented  with  a  disquisition  of  imposing  pro- 
lixity, but  of  small  pertinency — for  I  cannot,  on 
nriy  subject,  admit  word-tmding  to  be  pertinency. 
The  reviewer  touches  on  yarious  subjects,  archaic, 
pliilologic,  bucolic,  architectonic,  and  domestic, 
with  reference  to  bcdk  as  a  noun — which  is  quite 
beside  the  question.    He  asserts,  as  if  incidentally, 
that  baUi  was  a  "  well-established  English  rerb  " — 
but  he  fails  to  produce  even  one  example  of  its 
use,  in  addition  to  that  which  I  shall  have  occa- 
sion to  quote.    It  should  have  been  the  prominent 
<  >1) j  ect  of  his  QU-EREND A. !    After  three  short  notes, 
I  shall  close  my  review  of  the  reviewer  with  regard 
to  the  verb  in  question.     1.  He  observes  that  the 
noun  balk  is  from  the  ^Vnglo-Saxon  balca :  very 
true,  and  so  said  Tyrwhitt  in  1778,  and  so  says 
the  rev.  Joseph  Bosworth.    2.  lie  asserts  that 
from  the  noun  comes  the  verb  to  balk:  it  may 
have  been  so,  but  the  treatment  of  a  conjecture 
as  a  fact  is  no  part  of  sound  literature.     3.  Ho 
asserts,  as  the  sum  of  his  studies  on  this  perplex- 
ing question,  that  "  BaVi  logic  is  exactly  equivalent 
to  chop  logic,  meaning  divide,  separate — according 
to  the  forms  and  rules  of  logic : "  so  our  critic, 
while  admitting  the  existence  of  certain  rules  of 
logic,  sets  them  at  defiance  in  an  attempt  to  ex- 
plain one  obscure  archaism  by  another  of  equal 
obscurity ;  and  over-anxious  to  establish  his  fame 
as  a  glossarist  by  a  parade  of  etymologic  guess- 
work, 

"  explains  the  meaning  quite  away." 

I  re-assert,  on  the  authority  of  Christopher 
AVase,  that  the  verb  balk  is  equivalent  to  avoid; 
and,  moreover,  that  the  lines  chosen  by  the 
reviewer  as  a  text  confute  his  own  theorv : — 


Tramo—^^  Balk  logic  with  acqoaintanoe  tbftt  Toa  liaTe^ 
And  practise  rhetoric  in  your  common  tuk." 

Taming  of  the  Shrew,  AetL  SeemU 


What  is  common  talJc  but  talk  with  acouaudaieef 
Now,  balk  and  practise  must  either  oe  xead  as 
opposed  to  each  other— or  the  moond  line^  ite 
subject  excepted,  must  be  mere  xepetitioii. 
Certes,  Tranio  could  not  mean  to  oonuneBd 
the  *'  dreary  subtleties  "  of  the  logicians  of  that 
pei-iod — so  the  context  harmonises  with  the  infev* 
pretation  of  Wasc.  BoLT02r  Gosstet. 

IJame?,  S.\V,  laXov. 


THE  AlTARITiOXS  IN  MACBETH. 

These  apparitions  are  generally  spoken  of  is  if 
they  were  real  spirits  (like  that  of  Hamlet*s  fothar), 
and  they  are  introduced  so  strikingly,  and  aresoia- 
pressed  on  us,  through  their  keen  impresmon  vpoa 
Macbeth,  that  we  are  apt  to  see  with  Au  ejM^ 
and  to  take  mock  ghosts  for  true  ones.  **  bs 
ghost  of  Banquo,"  and  the  apparitions  of  thft 
armed  head,  the  bloody  child,  the  crowned  nSdMf 
and  the  eight  kings,  in  the  fourth  aci^  mn, 
we  know,  simply  magical  delusions — "artiflcm 
sprites,"  as  Hecate  calls  them.  Preparing  for  tUl 
display  she  had  spent  the  night, and  in  it  cectm^ 
manifested  '^  the  glory  of  their  art,"  not  onlr 
through  its  variety  and  extent,  but  also  throiq^ 
some  of  the  pliantoms,  uttering  words,  m 
pointing  and  smiling.  These,  then,  not  beiig 
true,  but  imitation  spirits,  the  question  oonei^ 
are  *^  the  ghost  of  Banquo  "  at  the  supper,  and  As 
airdrawn  dagger  on  the  ni^ht  of  Duncan's  mudUi 
not  also  the  creation  of  the  witches?  Tims 
seem  grounds  for  considerini^  that  this  was  put 
of  Shakespeare's  design,  and  I,  at  least,  mnst  om 
a  feelipg  of  relief  through  the  opinion  that  tbsie 
is  only  one  class  of  appearances  employed  in  thfl 
tragedy;  that  the  dead  are  noways  diatnibedf 
that  tlirough  all  its  stormy  transactions,  BanqBO^ 
like  Duncan,  "  sleeps  well ; "  that  what  has  twiea 
appeared  in  his  likeness  is  a  false  spectra ;  and 
that  there  is  no  supematuralness  in  the  tragBd|T 
higher  tlian  that  which  belongs  to  ''the  uaOK 
art." 

There  seems  a  difficulty.  The  centre  of  As 
arch  of  Macbeth's  rise  and  fall  is  in  the  fonrtOCTith 
line  of  Act  III.  Sc.  5.  Hecate  (at  one  time  caUsd 
by  Macbeth  pale  Ilecste,  and  at  another  hhdt 
Ilecate)  is  angry  with  "  the  weird  sisters."  TTi« 
have  been,  she  upbraids  them,  traduiff  and  tnf* 
ticking  with  Macbeth,  in  riddles  and  affiurs  of  deafii 
(the  riddles,  doubtless,  referring  to  theirprophfltis 
and  double-meaninged  greetings,  and  the  aiUii 
of  death  to  the  two  murders),  and  aihe,  thsir 
mistress,  has  been  left  out.  What  is  wone^  aD 
they  have  done,  she  tells  them,  has  heen  far  tUi 
wavward  son ;  but    thev    are   now   "  to 


i-'S.iV.  Sov.S0,'C9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIE& 


amends,"  and  to  work  ^[unst  him  and  toward! 
his  ruin.  If,  howsTer,  thaj,  hj  their  sorcery, 
created  and  exhibited  the  semblance  of  Banquo  ■ 
ghost  at  the  supper,  and  the  fatal  vision  of  the 
dagger,  they  do  not  seem  to  have  been  altogether 
ialiis  favour ;  for  the  former  sight,  as  we  know, 
maddened  him  with  terror  almost  leading  to 
fiipOBore,  and  the  latter  apparently  served  no  end 
except  to  increase  agitation  upon  the  verge  of  his 
first  crime,  Allah  Paek  Faiox. 

Greenock  library,  Watt  Monument. 


PEPYS  ASD  FIEMIS. 

The  biographers  of  Pepys  have  referred  gene- 
rally to  the  part  he  took  in  endeavouring  to  cor- 
rect tiie  abuees  of  Christ  Church  Hospital,  but 
the  following  extract  from  a  letter  be  wrote  to 
the  Lord  Mayor  on  the  subject  appears  to  have 
-escaped  their  notice.  It  is  interesting  as  contain- 
ing nis  opinion  with  regard  to  Thomas  Firmin, 
and  is  given  in  a  pamphlet,  by  no  means  common, 
entitled :  — 

"  A  Vindication  of  the  Memoiy  of  the  lite  eiOBllent 
■nd  cbariUble  Mr.  Thomas  Firmin  from  ttis  Injnrloni 
Keflections  of  Mr.  Luke  Milbonm,  in  bis  SennoD  before 
the  Court  of  Aldenncn  at  St.  Tsui's  Cbnrcb,  Aug.  38, 
leSS,  vherdd  hia  Dotoriouii  wrestinga  of  tha  Words  of 
5t.  Paul  are  l^d  open,  andtbe  true  aenee  cleired ; — 
■  Ntf,  in  tmr  Holy  Udusb  the  Plngue  prevul^ 
No  liula  Priest  for  smsll  preferment  (aiU, 
To  go,  to  roD,  to  Av,  but  scarce  can  cnnl. 
When  I  to  lu^  pains  and  sharp  repentance  call.' 

Miiboura'a  CkriHim  Patttra.  p.  lOfi. 
LOBdon :  Printed  in  the  Year  1699,  8vq,"  p.  62. 

Milboucn's  Sermon  beara  the  general  title  of 
"  A  false  faith  not  justified  by  care  for  the  poor," 
and  he  taiea  as  his  text  — "-\nd  tho'  I  bestow 
all  my  goods  to  feed  the  poor,  and  have  not 
tharily,  it  profitoth  mo  nothing";  which  he  ei- 
plMns— "  Iho'  I  bestow  all  my  goods  to  feed  the 
poor,  and  have  not  true,  justifying,  sound  faith, 
't  profiteth  me  nothing," — an  explanation  which 


r,  with  some  reason,  contro- 
t  the  extract  bom    Pepys's 


the  pamphlet 

letter;  — 

"  Lastiv,  let  it  be  no  offence  to  yonr  Lordship  that  I 
end  with  an  observation  impossible  forme  to  overlooli, 
namely,  [lint  vhile  I  am  bete  tsmenting  tho  misfortunes 
ir  poor,  from  the  suppression  of  this  Report  of  mloe, 
-'9led  for  their  relief,  I  And  so  much  of  It  (and  so 
only)  as  seem'd  to  me  the  properest  introdnctioa  to 
advancement  of  Charity,  tnuisferr'd  iit  temnji  to 
held  of  a  Sermon  and  nisda  the  (est  of  it,  preaebrd 
p,  and  pnblish'd  bj  your  command  in 
rxpTta  aiunnuiinn  ikttmf:  and  not  that  only,  but  to  tb* 
doing  violence  to  the  Memory  of  one  (Thomas  Firmin) 
scarce  yet  cold  in  bis  grarc,  whose  good  worki  have  lieen 
too  many  and  too  conspicuous  not  to  have  coveml  erron 
of  a  moch  greilcr  niagnitnde  (fur  no  mm  thoogbt  Um 
infilUble)  Aan  anv  1  hear  him  charg'd  vith,  espeeUlIy 
in  a  point  offiilh.  Wherein  it  ia  hard  to  say,  wUen  ni*M 
the  greater  dnst  and  moat  to  the  offence  of  ireaker  eyes, 


before  yi 


bis  lingta  dt^artai*  ft«m  tha  doetiba  of  Mr  OwA 
toward  tha  ■mvMg,  or  that  ef  one  own  OoabM  ftm  om 
another  la  tbair  detemiimtiaiu  *— -'■'-g  tbi  rigtat.    Bo 
far  only  I  (bill  adraUura  to  lataipsM  &  flw  paitbdar 
doctrine  sdvanc'd  ia  the  BeraHO  Iv  tou  LotdAta'* 
Chaplain,  whom  I  t^e  to  be  tbe  flm  that  erer  r^WIt 
f^om  that  text,  as  with  aU  deftnne*  to  NSonaMDd  It 
back  to  your  Lordabip,  with  this  onlyla^iOTWMBttr 
tbe  rendering  it  more  apfMslte  and  AXt^fia*  la  tbs  p)^ 
sent  ease,  via.  That  tha  negleet  ef  the  poor  fi  as  UUla  an 
evidence  ofa  troe  fklth  la  aii7bo4ydse,  a*  the  eareef 
them  li  1  jnatiaeation  of  a  mlMakcD  one  in  Ur.  flmiln. 
I  am  moft  napactfnlly. 
My  Lord, 
Your  Lordship's  most  oV  Servant, 
B.  Pans." 
The  Msaing  remark  of  Milbonm  (whom  Paw 
■tylai  the  ftinatof  all  critics),  in  his  sennon.  In 
referring  to  flrmiu's  dying  ezpieMiana  to  Biinop 
Fowler — 

I  tntit  that  Qod  wCl  sot  oo 


ihanctorislio  not  to  be  quoted  :- 
seed  not  wish  that  an 

jondemn  than  (Ut.  Fii 

■naiioD)  to  worse  oampanj-." 


Ju.OBosam. 


GiASSioxB  oir  CHB  Law  or  HAXBUaB.— A 
right  honorable  novaliBt  was  some  JMH  ago  eallad 
to  accoont  fbr  having  introduced  th»  inpoiAls 
inddent  nf  bti  TiiT^irA  i-rimiiial  trill  f"  **'t  ihiniiiji 
of  the  aoeused.  ^a  dip  wm  important  from  Ae 
position  of  the  writer ;  and  i<a  use  aam*  mmob 
we  must  not  allow  onr  pramier  to  wtmnlgito 
looaanotione  on  the  law  of  marriage.  ThektoiMi 
•nd  accompliahed  author  of  Jweatttu  Mmdi,  at 
p.  406  of  tnat  work,  makes  a  disadnntigeow 
comparison  of  our  respect  for  mtmogamy  widt 
that  of  the  Qreehs  of  the  Homerio  age.  BefeniDg 
to  Penelope's  reustance  to  the  importnnitiM  of 
the  snitota  during  Uie  prolonged  aDMBee  of  hm 
lord,  he  observes  that— "A  shorter  period  of 
absMice  than  that  aasigned  to  him  iareaogniaedlnr 
the  law  of  Ekig^and  aa  making  re-miniwa  ImaL" 
Hr.  Gladstcme  no  doobt  teftt*  to  tlie  nila  of  Inr 
ptsBuming  death  from  seren  yean'  alwenm  with- 
out being  heud  of,  and  tho  azoeptiao  from  tiiB 
statatory  ftlotr^  ■"■"*''"tr  to  tha  onme  of  U| 
in  bvonr  of  "  an;  psnou  whose  bnabutd  o; 


ntiiiaanf  absHd  during  m  .  _ 
years,  and  shaD  not  have  been  known  \tj  audi 
Mraon  to  have  booi  liviog  within  that  tune." 
But  to  exempt  from  the  pnmabmHit  of  bigan^  la 
one  thing,  to  IsmUse  the  Ugamon*  mairiua  ia 
quite  anouier.  Mia.  Enoch  Aidcn  ran  so  luk  of 
transportation  or  impriaawmen^  bat  she  did  not 
become  thewifeof  niUpSn;  and  if  dtiiarihs 
or  the  I^UMte,  or  the  nnnin  btniMl^  imn^nad 
her  child  by  that  gentleman  ma  bomiBkwttal 
wedlock, it mnaadmirtake.  J.F.  U. 


434  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  i4«kS.iv.Nov.20,^ 

Hussar. — In  his  note  on  '^  (M  French  Words  "  Wtn-dg  and  Terms,  London,  1701),  Old  None  Lax 
(4***  S.  iv.  341),  Balch  incidentally  derives  the  =aalmon,  li  =  river.*  Conway,  Old  Norse  name 
word  httsaar  from  an  old  French  word  hcuse,  which  Kon-r,  pronounced  Kon  (Lowland  Scotch  name 
he  connects  with  our  Eofrlish  hosv.  This  derivation  Con) — the  r  final  heing  no  part  of  the  name — «nd 
of  hussar  is  evidently  incorrect.  The  horse-soldiers  j  Icelandic  Vffff-r,  a  bay,  as  m  the  river  name  Sol- 
called  huHsars  had  their  origin  in  Ilungar}-,  and  to  I  icay,  soniotinics  Sidicay,  from  the  Scandinavian 
Hungarian,  therefore,  we  must  look  for  the  deriva-  ;  personal  name  Sol,  Sid  (the  sun),  and  loelandie 
tion  of  tbe  word.  Ihmzdr  (pron.  hoosmr,  with  JV/r.  The  bay  called  Garvagh,  co.  Antrim,  may 
the  accent  on  the  first  syllable),  the  Hungarian  i  be  cited  as  an  example  of  this  postfix  nearly  in  its 
form,  is  derived  from  huitz  (pron.  hoo»s)  twenty,  original  form.  Norse  proper  name  6rar  and  Fo^, 
**  because  undi*r  King  Matthias  I.  (Mathias  Cor-  i  as  before. 

vinus  i')  in  the  fifteenth  century,  every  twentv-  '  Expeditions  of  the  Danes  into  Wales  or  "  Brat- 
houses  had  to  furnish  one  horse-soldier  (Web-  !  land"  are  mentioned  in  the  sagas.  We  lean 
ster's  Engh  Did.  edited  by  Goodrich  and  Porter,  j  from  Mr.  Worsaae  that  Norwegian  kings  had 
London,  1804).  That  this  is  the  current  deriva-  '  made  themselves  masters  of  Wales  from  the  noith 
tion  in  Hungary,  I  am  informed  by  a  Hungai'ian  i  bank  of  the  Severn  to  the  Isle  of  Anglesey^  which 
friend  of  mine.    He  tells  me  also,  that  the  term  !  latter,  according  to  the  same  authority,  was '  '  '-  ' 


hussar  is,  in  Hungarv,  not  confined,  as  it  is  in     by  the  Norwegians  in  their  piratical  voyages  to 
England  and  other  European  countries,  to  one     the  Hebndes  and  Ireland.    *'  Yellow-haired  men,' 


particular  kind  of  light  horse-soldier,  but  that  aU 


the  cavalry  furnished  by  Hungary-  and  its  crown-    have  been  "really  Picts,"  are  said  in  Welch 


lands  (Croatia,  Transylvania,  Dalmatia,  &c.)  are 
there,  and  in  the  Austrian  army,  called  hussars. 
JIuszfirj  tlierefore,  in  Hungarian  is  a  general  term, 
and  means  nothing  more  than  horse-soldier  does  in 
English.    The  boots  which  hussars  wear  are  not 


believed  by  Vegelius  and  Sidonius  Apollinariato 


dition  to  have  settled  in  Wales  ''  long  prior  to  the 
invasion  of  the  Komans."  Boswell  menUcoa  tfcat 
when  Dr.  Gcrrnrd  was  in  Wales,  he  was  ahown  a 
valley  inhabited  by  Danes,  who  still  retained  their 
own  language.    The  Welsh,  according  to  Fii^DBr- 


peculiar  in  Hungary,  as  tliere  they  merely  form  a  j  ton,  **  even  in  its  most  ancient  remains,  is  Intt  of 
part  of  the  national  costume.  j  Danish  and  English  words."  J.  C.  HoOBL 

Wedgwood  does  not  give  this  derivation    of !      ,.  rm.  v..  i  ,  .  i      « ^ 

htmar,  hnt  connects  it  with  the  Jluufr.  uszUani,  [  ,  ^  i^r.ociPEDi^-The  vehicle  on  which  pWe- 
huszUani,  to  set  (dogs)  on  anything  =  the  Germ!  '  ^^^F^  propel  themselves  along  a  railway  ^ths 
hefzefi,  anhdzni;\TohMy  merely  because  be  ^^^^'^"..^^  *^i^*^/^^Sf^«J?«^J^«  S^^^' » 
happened  to  find  the  verb  huszitani  (or  rather  !  ?«  J  \^P«^^  ^"y-  ^7  }^^.  ^^^7'^  "1"7" 
hu^itni)  in  the  dictionarv  two  or  three  lines  after  f =dj?y)  ?  northern  provmcialism  ^  I  do  not  fiad 
huszdr  "  it  m  the  dictionaries.    The  object,  however,  of  «t 

With  regard  to  ?u>use,  it  mav,  perhaps,  in  this  "^^  "  to  suggest  the  question  whether  "mwdj* 
particular  instance,  be  a  form  of  hasse%nd  mean  "^?7  "^*  }'^^^  ^«  ?  corruption  of  veloaneA,  ^ 
a  door-post  or  famh;  but  the  heuse  which  is  con-  ^?*^^^  being  very  similar  to  that  of  propellmgtils 
nected  with  our  hose,  and  huisse  meaning  a  door^  ?^\  dandy-horse.  If  so,  it  ,^^^^ea  bbMk 
post,  can  scarcely  be  connected,  as  Balcu  would  Jf  *^"f«  ^J  corruptions  being  aided  by  the  fart  of 
seem  to  implv ;  for  hui..c,  like  the  French  hms,  ^Y^  ^}^^^^^  s°"°<l  suggesting  an  apparent  torn- 
evidently  comes  from  the  Lat.  ostium,  and  our    ^^^^  ^^  ^^°^^-     _...__  J.  r.  M. 

hose  has  never  been  considered  to  have  any  con-  ^. 

nection  with  that  word.  F.  Chanck.  mutvics* 

Llandudno. — A  correspondent  o{  The  Times,  Andrews  Family. — James  Andrews  "waa  Bat- 
writinj?  of  this  ^'  queen  of  watering-places,'*  as  he  tor  of  Milden,  Suffolk,  from  1703  to  1761.  Cm 
terms  it,  touches  on  the  subject  of  its  aborigines,  ^  any  of  your  readers  give  me  information  aa  toUi 
although  T  fancy  that  Ijlandudno,  as  such,  never  I  pareutiige  and  descent  ? 

had  aborigines.  *'  The  modem  town,"  he  says,  ,  Ijancelot  Andrewes,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  bad 
"  stands  between  the  two  bays  of  Conway  and  j  four  nephews — William,  Thomas,  Nicholaa,  aad 
Z^«f?//^;/o,"  having  been  originally  part  of  tiie  sea,  \  lioger  Andrewes.  Is  anything  known  of  thdr 
and  until  within  a  recent  period  a  "  marshy  im-  I  descendants;'  J.  £.  A. 

profitable  swamp."  '  !      Anonymovs 

^  Llandudno  is  umnistakably  one  of  those  names  .  i/«  The  Secrei  History  of  the  Present  Intrigue,  of  th. 
imposed  by  the  Northmen.  Landode,  a  proper  Conrt  of  Caramania.  The  Second  Edition  Coiwsted.  Loa- 
name,  prefixed  to  the  Danish  definite  article  en,  don.  Printed :  And  sold  by  the  Ikwkaellers  of  Jj^ondbattd 
by  elision  «,  gives  Landoden — o,  a  corrupt  form  Weaiminstert  m.dcc.xxvii."  8vo,  pp.  848, 
of  Icelandic  r/,  signifying  water,  also  a  river.  We  "  \  ^  doubt" tho~rivor  ^ine  Zii.^lTt'hrdutiiet  of 
tmd  a  similar  transformation  in  the  Scotch  nver  Cumberland,  is  derived  from  the  same  aonree. 
name  Lossie,  in  old  records  Loxa  (see  Dr.  GowePs  '  salmon-TFater,  occurs  in  the  Isle  of  Man. 


>".S,  IV.  Xov.  2i), 'fiO.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


After  tlie  title  comes  "A  Key," with  the  initial 
nnd  fiiiul  letters  only  nf  tlio  usmes. 
[By  li:iizullojTt.H,<l.] 

'i.  "  ilhsiiy  Cut  a  Ccncral  Itegnlntion  or  tbe  Law,  anil 
tho  more  spNilv  Advanrcnient  of  Justice,  bj'  a  G«nC.  of 
(hu  We.*t  Killing  of  the  Coutiiy  of  York,  1727."  8vo. 

It.  "  Cburrlina  and  CliDreh  Services.  Bj  a  Priest  of  the 
fhurdiiifKnglaiiil.  Uxfurd:  Jolin  Henry  Parker.  Leeds^ 
'I'.  W.  Urcfii.  IISI-.'."    .Sill.  8vo,  pp.  63. 

A  preface,  !>i}>uc<l  "  U.  1*.,"  states  that  the  book 
is  ft  reprint  nf  pnpera  in  the  llritiih  Magazine, 
If  10-1.  W.  C.  B. 

".Vrr  C.*SAR  AUT  scu-us.''— Can  you  tell  me 
the  origin  of  thia  proverb?  F.  E. 

Natolkos  BoNAriRTE. — A  letter  ia  preserved 
in  the  archives  of  France  (bearing  dat«  1803) 
from  Bonaparte,  First  Cousul,  to  the  Comte  de 
I'rovence  (Louis  XVIII.),  wliich  begins  with  ac- 
knowledgments nf  the  king's  courteous  letter 
(which  must  have  preceded  it).  Wanted  the  said 
jetlor  to  Bonaparte ;  also,  the  letter  from  the  king, 
in  which  ia  a  passage  commencing  thus;  "You 
may  usurp  the  throne  of  my  fathers,"  and  ending, 
"  foviJ  family  of  Europe."  G.  M. 

The  Ifoufinox  Fahilv. — Will  you  or  any  of 
your  R'adord  kindly  give  me  a  list  of  all  the  exist- 
ing members  of  this  fiiniily  in  the  male  line,  of 
all  the  branches,  together  with  aome  explanation 
as  to  their  marriages,  &c. 

TnOil.  B.  ROBEBTBOH, 

Mi;.  Br.r.isi's  I'rivatb  Platbs  op  Views  hi 
SuHIiBr.  —  In  the  list  of  illurtrations  given  by 
Manning  and  Bray,  Hid.  of  Sarrfy,  vol.  iii.  app. 

t84.  4c.  several  private  plates  are  mentioned  as 
ing  in  the  possession  of  this  gentleman,  then 
living  nl  lieigate,  who,  I  understand,  had  them  i 
engraved  for  a  work  which  he  bad  in  contemplation  \ 
on  the  history  of  the  hundred  ?  I  have  twelve  of 
these  engravings,  with  a  map  of  the  hundred  of 
Reigate,  by  Woodthorpe,  which  I  am  told  are 
all  that  were  engravecL  I  subjoin  a  list  of  the 
rest.  :ind  I  shall  feel  indebted  to  any  of  your 
readers  who  can  tell  me  whether  any  such  work 
was  ever  published,  or  any  of  the  plates  in  this  list 
engraved,  nnd  what  became  of  Mi.  Bryant's  col- 
lections;— Betchwnrth,  monuments  in  ttechuich, 
Trnmiuil  Uule  (Mv.  Petty's);  Buckland,  monu-  | 
mcnt.i,  font,  nnd  window:  Buralon,  font  and  i 
parsonage  :  Chipsteed,  font  and  monuments;  I 
Criiwhurst,churcnduor,i.tc.i(lfttton,font;  Merst-  ■ 
ham,  font:  Neivdigate,  church  and  moDuments; 
Reigate,  monumeute.  priory  arms,  clock  honae,  . 
marki't  hou^e,  and  industry  house.  CPL.     | 

1)k.  William  Fri-Lun,  Bisnop  of  LraooLn. —  i 
In  the  will  <if  this  bishop,  who  died  in  167S,  he  . 
says,  after  bequeathing  his  property: —  ' 

"  Item,  I  dw  dB^lare  lliit  I  dye  pnTiog  for  clu  pni»-  I 
poritit'  of  Ibe  Churcli  of  England,  beseoching  Almighh:  I 
<<od  tb.-il  iihe  may  overcome  all  ber  eDemiea,  whMlur  of 


Iha  Romans  or  Fansticall  Communicin.  And  I  da  non- 
oret  declare  that  I  bave  betne  engaged  in  some  law-miiti 
I  noc  at  all  oat  of  neglect  of  peace  and  cbaritie,  but  wholr 
and  solely  to  vindicate  the  Kigbt*  of  Ilia  Charcb  o(  nit 
I  Epiicopal!  See  from  the  encmacbments  of  ungodly  men.' 
j  What  was  the  nature  of  the  litigation  hen 
I  referred  to  P  Saws  E.  Bailxi. 

8.  Warwick  Street,  Ualme,  Manchester. 

John  Kirox.— .In  an  account  of  the  aiege  of 
Edinburgh  CaaUe  in  1671, 1  have  uttered  an  opi- 
nion which  I  am  desirous  to  ventilate  amoiw 
j  your  readers  before  it  ia  finally  printed  off,  A 
I  committee  of  clei^men  waited  on  Mutland  of 
I  Lethington  and  Kirkcaldy  of  Grange,  to  dealwitk 
them  about  their  change  of  sides  in  the  great 
political  (question  of  the  day.  In  the  extremely 
curious  discussion  that  ensued,  the  chief  part  u 
taken  bv  Lethington  and  a  "  Mr.  John,"  waon  I 
take  to  be  John  Xnoi.  I  enclose  a  proof  of  nj 
note  stating  my  reasons  for  this  belief.  If  I  an 
wrong  I  would  rather  be  corrected  now  tiiAB 
afterwards.  If  anv  of  your  readers  can  giva 
a  good  reason  for  nolding  that  Knox  is  not  tha 
person  who  spoke  for  the  clergymen,  he  will  d* 
a  service  by  statang  it.  J,  H.  Bub.tov. 

j  Patent  Rolls  ik  Isxlaitd. — Can  any  ona 
l-infonn  me  if  the  publication  of  the  Patent  and 
,  Ck»e  Rolls  of  Chancery  in  Ireland,  of  which  'Ht. 
I  James  Morna  edited  three  volumes,  will  be  coU' 
linued;  and  if  so,  when  the  next  volume  may  Iw 
expected  to  appear  ?  Oswald^ 

Rahdoic. — Wbat  is  the  etymology  of  tliis 
word?  Webster  and  others  maintain  that  it  i« 
derived  from  the  Norman-French  rtmAa,  K 
should  rather  imagine  the  orivin  of  the  word  to 
be  the  Dutch  and  Flemisli  roudom,  round  abouL 
H.  W.  R. 
RoXAir  NoBiLixr,  btc  — Can  any  reader  of 
"N.  &  Q."  Idndly  inform  me  where  I  can  find 
descnptiona  of — 1.  The  manners  and  dren  of  th« 
Roman  nobility  since  1800 ;  2.  The  wa^s  of  living 
generally  of  the  Roman  upper  classes  since  1800; 
3.  The  state  of  lunatic  asylums  in  Italy  linca 
1800;  4.  Any  insurrections  or  conspiracies  i> 
which  the  priests  or  nobles  of  Italy  have  bees 
engaged  since  1800  P  Uopnc 

WATiraa  OR  Watlaifd  Fakilt. — ^An  fianx 
or  Kent  flunily.  Can  any  of  your  leaden  inforoa 
mo  which  cauntr,  and  wnether  the  former  naoM 
is  a  corruption  of  the  latter  or  not  P  W.  C 

"  Tbt  wish  tab  fateeb,  Harkt,  to  teat 
TEDDaHi."  —  Is  this  proverbial  expression  of 
Shakspaare'B  {Stmy  IV.  Part  JX,  Act  IV.  So.  4> 
t«  be  traced  to  any  earlier  writer  of  modeiB 
times  P  I  do  not  know  whether  we  may  conndar 
the  following  passage  of  Demosthenes  {Ofynth,  iii 
IS)  to  have  much  the  same  meaning,  and  to  ba 
tha  earliaat  toace  of  the  idea :  — 


436 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  I V.  N<nr.  SO^ 'M. 


Ai^fp  ^^ffTOP  mrdtn^v  i<rT\y  aWhv  j(avaTi)<rat  *  t 
'^kp  fio6\€Taif  rov&  cfceurror  Ked  ofcroi^  rk  tk  irpdy/iara 

**  So  that  nothing  is  so  easy  as  to  deceire  one's  self;  for 
what  we  wish  that  we  readily  believe ;  but  such  expecta- 
tions are  often  inconsistent  with  the  real  state  of  thugs." 

In  a  fragment  of  Menander  {Ex  Clyp.  p.  24, 
cd.  Cleric.  1709)  we  have  the  same  idea :  — 

*0  fioiXrrai  ykp  ti6yov  6pwy  koI  vpwrZoK&yf 
^AX^urrSs  i<ni  t^j  &A.T}0cta5  Kpirfis, 

**  He  who  sees  and  expects  onlj*  what  he  wishers  is  a 
fooUsh  judge  of  what  is  true.** 

And  we  find  the  same  thought  in  Crosar  (2?.  G,, 
iii.  18) :  — 
**  Quod  fere  libentcr  homines  id,  quod  volnnt,  credunt." 

Kochefoucauld  says  (Second  SuppUment^  vii.) : — 

*'  Ce  qui  fait  croire  si  facilement  que  les  autrcs  ont  des 
Uefauts,  c'est  la  facility  que  Ton  a  de  croire  ce  que  Ton 
souhaite." 

Cbaufurd  Tait  Ramage. 


Did   DR.IKE   introduce  Potatoes  ?  —  In    a 
former  number  of  "  N.  &  Q/'  (3"»  S.  xi.  105)  I 
called  attention  to  the  monument  erected  at  Of- 
fenburg,  in  the  Duchy  of  Baden,  to  "  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  the  introducer  of  the  potato  into  Europe '' ; 
but  though  numerous  replies  have  been  eliQited, 
nothing  as  yet  has  appeared  to  satisfy  me  of  the 
fact  that  Sir  Francis  Drake  introducea  the  potato 
either  into  England  or  upon  the  Continent.    I 
have  had,  in  the  old  libraries  and  the  old  book- 
stores for  which  this  city  is  famous,  good  oppor- 
timities  for  examining  old  books  in  German  upon 
the  discovery  of  America ;  but  though  they  speak 
of  the  various  vegetable  productions,  among  tnem 
the  potato,  there  is  nothing  given  to  show  who 
brought  this  esculent  to  Europe.     The  date  of 
its  introduction  into  Europe  is  doubtless  uncer- 
tain, as  I  said  before,  because  the  sweet  potato 
was  confounded  witli  the  common  potato.     It  has 
of  course  been  asserted  in  history  tnat  Sir  Walter 
Ilaleigh  took  it  to  England  on  one  of  his  return 
voyages  in  158G,  and  cultivated  it  upon  his  estate 
some  time  about  the  year  IGOO.     Can  your  readers 
inform  me  where  Sir  Walter's  est^ite  was  in  Ire- 
land ?  T.  C.  Abbott,  President  of  the  Michigan 
State  Agricultural  College,    U.S.A.,   has  lately 
given  a  very  interesting  account  of  the  potato 
in  a  Detroit  journal.      lie  states  that   it  was 
introduced  about  1580  by  Sir  W.  lialeigh  into 
England,  and  raised  in  1010;   that  previous  to 
1C64  it  was  only  grown  in  the  garaens  of  the 
nobility  and  gentry  as  a  luxury  ;  and  that  in  1013 
James  I.'s  wife  Anna  bought  a  quantity  at  2«. 
per  pound.    Later  in  France,  he  asserts,  courts  ' 
and  tribunals  prevented  by  law  its  culture.    Ilie 


provincial  parliament  of  Betaneon  in  1690  mo- 
nibited  its  introduction  under  tbe  penalty  <»  an 
amende  arbitraire,  **  for  the  reason  tnat  it  onied 
leprosy.''  President  Abbott  derives  the  name  of 
potato  from  the  Spanish  hattata^  and  that  is  de- 
rived from  the  Indian  word/Mipa«.  Do  the  zeaden 
of  '<  N.  &  Q."  agree  in  this  origin  or  derivation  of 
the  name  of  the  potato  ?  W.  W.  M. 

Frankfort-on-Main. 

[The  introduction  of  the  potato  here,  and,  we  bdisn^ 
in  most   other  European  states,  has  been  toj  goia- 
rally  attributed  to  the  sagadty  and  good  taste  of  that 
*' shepherd  of  the  ocean,**  Sir  Walter  Raleigh ;  bat  no 
proof  of  the  fact  exists,  nor  is  it  possible  to  establidi  it 
after  the  lapse  of  three  centuries.    It  is  extremdy  difi- 
cult  to  conceive,  moreover,  that  he  was  the  first  adf*^ 
turcr  in  the  New  World  to  make  known  the  vahie  of  the 
esculent  in  the  Old ;  for  Humboldt  in  his  Emaif  on  lie 
Kingdom  of  New  Spain  (book  iv.  chap.  9)  has  dm^ 
shown  that  previously  to  the  Spanish  Conqnert  it  was 
unknown  in  Mexico,  and  farther  north  of  coam.    At 
the  period,  therefore,  when  Raleigh  founded  liia  ooloflj  fa 
Virginia  (1584),  the  potato  must  have  been  but  a  oompom- 
tivcly  recent  importation  Arom  the  western  shores  of  tin 
southern  continent,  its  true  birthplace;  wInnceitBHfc 
have  been  brought  by  those  who  had  preceded  him  in  tti 
same  direction.  There  is  a  tradition  to  the  effbct  that  vhv 
Ralcigirs  unfortunate  colonists  were  most  opportnndjM- 
cucd  by  Sir  Francis  Drake  (1586),  they  brought  back  wtt 
them  to  this  country  the  primary  stock  of  potifom    fki 
veritable  patriarchs  of  that  prolific  race  which  has  net 
overrun  the  whole  of  the  British  Isles.    We  are  noahldto 
say  whether  our  German  neighbours  are  indebted  te  v 
for  their  first  supplies  of  the  article,  but  they  haie 
adopted  the  tradition  just  referred   to,  and  aigiMUnd 
their  gratitude  for  the  boon  by  erecting  the  statae  ia 
question .    The  I rish  estates  of  Raleigh ,  compiislng  aboit 
12,f)00  acres,  and  forming  a  portion  of  the  confiacatad  d^ 
nicsncs  of  Desmond  and  his  adherents,  were  sitnatid  ia 
the  counties  of  Cork,  Waterford,  and  Tipperaiy.    flfr 
Walter  acquired  them  in  1584,  and  sold  them  in  1601  ti 
Richard  Boyle,  afterwards  Earl  of  Cork,  a  mnch  man 
fortunate  **  gentleman-undertaker  *'  in  Irdand  than  Urn* 
self.    Raleigh,  when  visiting  the  country,  usually  retiM 
at  his  Castle  of  Usmorc,  co.  Waterford,  and  at  hte  manoe- 
housc,  Youghai.    Mr.  Edwards  remarks,  in  his  leewHy 
published  Life  of  Raleigh,  "It  is  not  without  interaitto 
remember  that  the  possessions  which  thus  punned  flrom 
Raleigh  to  Boyle  included  the  land  on  which  he  had 
planted  the  first  potatoes  ever  set  in  Ireland  ** ;  baft  ht 
dues  not  indicate  the  precise  locality  of  the  primaiy  ex- 
periment.   "  These  and  other  fruits  (he  adds)  of  his  dii- 
tant  colony  in  Virginia  had  been  quickly  tunied  to  tlie 
advantage  of  his  colony  m  Munster." 

There  can  be  no  question  about  the  true  etymology  of 
potato.  The  Spanish  patata  is  the  same  as  the  Amerieia 
battata.  Our  designation  has  been  derived  firon  the 
French  potade.  In  the  days  of  the  Stuarts  the  name  WM 
commonly  spelled  potado,'] 


4»  S.  IV.  Not.  20,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


437 


A  Pope's  Bull. — When  President  Lin(y>ln  was 
first  asked  to  issue  a  proclamation  abolishing 
slavery  in  the  Southern  States,  he  replied  that 
such  an  act  would  be  as  absurd  as  the  pope's  bull 
against  a  comet.  Did  any  pope  ever  issue  a  bull 
against  a  comet ;  and  if  so,  who  and  when  ? 

Bab-Point. 

Philadelphia. 

[Any  one  who  can  seriously  imagine  the  pope's  ful- 
minating a  bull  against  a  comet,  might  as  soon  suspect 
his  Holiness  of  "  shooting  the  moon."  Nevertheless  we 
find,  on  conferring  with  our  friends,  that  this  story  of 
bull  V,  comet  has  been  heard  of  before ;  and  we  call  to 
mind  that  many  incredible  statements  have  found  their 
origin  in  some  matter  of  fact.  For  instance,  there  was 
an  Italian  game  of  cards  called  cometa  (in  French  comttCj 
in  English  comet,  see  "X.  &  Q."  2"^  S.  vi.  269).  May 
not  this  game  have  acquired  at  Rome  an  extravagant  rate 
of  'play  V  May  not  the  pope  have  deemed  it  expedient 
to  publish  some  monition  or  rescript  moderating  the 
excess,  or  even  forbidding  the  game  ?  And  may  not  this 
fact  have  given  occasion  to  the  report  of  his  issuing  a 
bull  against  the  comet  ? 

Or  again :  In  the  year  1G80  there  was  seen  at  Rome  a 
notable  comet,  which  so  frightened  a  Roman  hen  that, 
after  much  clucking,  she  laid  an  extraordinary  and  por- 
tentous egg,  the  fame  of  which  extended  even  into  Ger- 
many. If  this  prodig3',  connected  with  the  appearance 
of  the  comet,  excited  general  alarm  (as  very  probably  it 
did)  among  the  superstitious  Romans,  in  such  case  also 
his  Holiness,  wishing  to  allay  their  fears,  may  have 
parentally  and  benevolently  pronounced,  with  the  same 
result  as  before.  The  story  may  have  grown  into  a 
report  that  he  had  set  Taurus  against  Cometa,  and  against 
the  terrors  to  which  Cometa  gave  occasion.  On  the 
comet,  the  egg,  and  the  hen,  see  De  Blegny,  Zodiacus 
Medico- G alliens f  Annus  Tertius,  p.  30.  J 

BOSAVERN  PeNLEZ. — 

"  A  True  State  of  the  Case  of  Bosavern  Penlez,  who 
suffered  on  account  of  the  late  Riot  in  the  Strand,  in 
which  the  1  aw  regarding  these  Offences  and  the  Statute 
of  George  the  First,  commonly  called  the  Riot  Act,  are 
fully  considered.  By  Henry  Fielding,  Esq.,  Barrister- 
at-law,  and  one  of  Ili's  Majesty's  Justices  of  the  Peace  for 
the  Count\'  of  Middlesex  and  Liberty  of  Westminster. 
London  :  Printed  for  A.  Millar,  opposite  Katherine  Street 
in  the  Strand,  1749.  Price  One  Shilling."  Small  4to, 
pp.  54. 

Bosavern  Penlez  was  execfted  for  causing  a 
riot  in  the  Strand,  and  was  hurled  by  a  private 
subscription  of  St.  Clement  Danes.  Is  there 
any  contemporary  account  of  this  event  besides  i 
Fielding's  narrative  ?  Who  was  Bosavern  Penlez  ?  I 
Both  his  names  point  him  out  as  a  Comishman, 
but  the  True  State  is  silent  on  this  particular. 

(i.  C.  BOASE. 

[Bosavern  Penlez  was  tlic  son  of  a  clergyman,  and  re- 
ceived a  good  education ;  but  from  choice  was  trained  a 
barber  and  peruke-maker.  After  his  execution  atXybam 
en  Oct.  18, 1749,  his  body  was  taken  to  an  undertaker's. 


and  interred  the  same  evening  in  St.  Clement's  chnrch. 
Strand,  at  the  expense  of  the  parish.  See  a  monumental 
inscription  intended  for  him  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine^ 
xix,  465 ;  consult  also  pp.  474,  512,  522.  Some  farther 
personal  particulars  of  him,  and  his  indiscreet  zeal  for 
assisting  to  demolish  the  bawdy-houses  in  the  Strand* 
may  be  found  in  The  Penny  London  Post  of  Oct.  20»  23, 
25,  27, 1749.1 

"  Ephemeris  Paeliamentaria."  —  What  is 
known  of  William  Fuller,  the  writer  of  Ephemeris 
Parliainentaria,  of  which  there  appear  to  have 
been  three  editions,  viz.  in  1664, 1063, 1681 P 

J.  C  J* 

[There  is  some  uncertainty  respecting  the  authorship 

of  this  work.    Watt  attributes  it  to  William  Fuller ;  but 

I  the  Preface  is  signed  *  T.  F.,*  which  according  to  the 

Catalogue  of  the  British  Museum  arc  the  initials    of 

'  Thomas  Fuller.    So  also  in  the  Bodleian  Catalogue  the 

'■  work    is  entered  under  T.  F.    forsan  Thomas  Fuller. 

The  same  work  was  republished  in  1675,  and  entitled 

The  Sovereign's  Prerogative  and  the]8ubjecCs  Priviiedge 

discussed  betwixt  Courtiers  and  Patriots  in  Parliament, 

To  increase  the  perplexity,  Watt  has  attributed  the  latter 

work  to  Edward  Littleton,  Lord  Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal 

temp,  Charles  I.] 

DuNROBix  Castle,  N.B. — Wanted,  the  deriva- 
tion of  this  name.  B.  C.  L. 

[The  most  probable  derivation  of  the  name  Danrobin 
is  Dunrobainn  or  Dunreubain,  which  signifies  in  Gaelic 
the  castle  of  robbery  or  plunder.  Dunrobin  Castle  was 
built  in  the  thirteenth  century  by  Robert  Earl  of  Suther- 
land ;  and  the  locality  on  the  east  coast  of  Sutherland  in 
well  known,  like  the  adjoining  territory  of  Caithness,  to 
have  been  settled  by  the  Xorse  vikings  or  pirates.  No- 
thing is  more  likely  than  that  the  appellation  should 
have  originally  been  bestowed  in  reference  to  the  history 
of  some  freebooting  chieftain.] 

Count  de  Bournon. — 

"  Description  of  a  Triple  Sulphuret  of  Lead,  Antimony, 
and  Copper  from  Cornwall,  <fec  By  Jacques  Louis,  Comto 
de  Bournon,  F.R.S.   (i'AiTo*.  Trans,  xciv.  3062, 1804.) 

Who  was  the  Count  de  Bournon,  and  when  and 
where  did  he  die  ?  G.  C.  BoASE. 

[Jacques-Louis,  Comte  de  Bournon,  was  bom  at  Metz, 
Jan.  21,  1761,  and  died  at  Versailles,  August  24, 1825. 
See  Biographic  Universdle,  cd.  1843,  v.  327,  and  Nouvdle 
Biographic  Generate,  ed.  1855,  vii.  104 ;  and  for  a  list'  of 
his  workK,  Watt's  BUf.  BrUan,^ 

GiTTLTo  Clovio.  —  Can  any  one  recommend  me 
any  book  wherein  I  should  find  an  account  of 
Giulio  Clovio  the  illuminator?  H. 

[There  is  an  excellent  account  of  Don  Giulio  Clovio  in 
Vasari's  Lices  of  Eminent  Painters,  ^c,  Lond.,  1862, 
vol.  V.  pp.  443-4.W ;  consult  also  "  N.  &  Q."  2'">  S.  vL  70. 
Baglioni  has  written  the  Life  of  this  celebrated  minia- 
turist, as  well  as  Ivan  Kokaljevic  Sakcinski,  Agramr 
1862.J 


NOTES  AND  QUBlilES. 


[4tt3.1V.Sw.3lt,<H. 


vrnv  wei:e  thk  comuatams  is  thk  (las 

BATTLE  OS  Till:  IXCII  OK  I'KliTn.  A.ii.  i:W6? 
(4*  S.  iii.  7,  37,  177,  .'.V),  410;  iv.  lOl.) 
Timing-  on  former  occhsioes  ("  X.  &  Q."  4'*  S. 
iiL  7,  27,  410)  eiideaToiireil  to  aanlv^e  what  tho 
earliest  writora  "WTntoun,  itewur,  and  llie  Itpgist. 
Horav.  have  saiJ  iiC  lliu  iiiimed  nf  thu  parties  wlio 
coutcDded  at  I'eith,  I  iirrivt.'d  at  the  coiicluaiou, 
that  they  mentioned  only  two  I'liwcly  commcted  . 
clana,  the  erne  clao  Ijubewil,  tlio  cither  clan  Ha  or 
Sha ;  and  further,  that  uo  dun  Yha  was  ever  in- 
tended to  he  mentiimed  any  moiv  than  a  clan  Kay. 
I  hope  that  this  view  has  been  made  <nit  to  tlie 
satitjfaction  of  most,  if  not  of  all  of  TOur  n'ftders. 
The  Btatements  on  the  suliject  of  tlia  neit  his- 
torians in  pi'int  of  time,  of  Mnjur  and  of  Boece, 
may  be  now  c:^ainineil. 

fiajor  a^es  witli  Hower  in  ravine  that  the 
comlmtants  were  clan  Kav  and  clan  (^iihele,  and 
Id  bo  far  adds  nothing  to  tlie  Htnttments  of  rnrlier 
writers;  but  in  another  pliiee,  while  mentioning 
the  clana  who  deserted  Alesandi'r  of  the  Isles  in 
14S[),  he  introduces  thnnamu  of  clan  Kauehafact 
having  so  strong  a  benrini*  on  thu  question  of  the 
relation  of  clan  Quhele  to  clan  Katim.  and  on  the 
supposed  connection  between  clan  Canicron  and 
clan  Katan,  that  I  think  it  worth  while  to  repro- 
duce his  words,  and  the  more  so,  bccauso  iheir 
original  form  sceni:"  tii  hiivc  been  ovurlooked.  Tho 

{assagu  in  tho  first  or  I'ann  edition  of  Major,  of 
6*21,  stands  thiis  verbatioi,  including  three  :<lips 
of  the  printer  :~ 

"  Doee  Iribus  sylrMtriuni,  sfi licet  CUnkalan  clClau- 
kanct.  Alejiaiidium  iiiiuliuium  rcliquL-ruDl.  et  partrj  regis 
•t  prubc  Mqunti  sant.  In  fv-'.a  pnliiiariim  »i'i[uciiti  u.'^ue 
■d«o  dpbacrbitum  est;  uc  totain  proj^Piiiem  Clanlini- 
meroo  tribus  (.'Isiikatam  exiimcarit.    Triliiu  hx  sunt 


IB  micel;  to  he 


form  of  ijidiewil  or  Chewil  m 
required. 

itiit  iu  the  EdiubuiKh  revised  edition,  of 
Major,  the  phrase  clan  Cameron  hu  been  aub- 
stituted  for  clan  Kauel  (the  editor  usgniug  no 
reason  for  the  change,  but  probably  in  1740  beiw 
unacquainted  with  the  forgotten  name  of  Kaue( 
and  following  Bower,  who  saya  that  clan  CamonMl 
went  oyer  along  with  clan  Katau) ;  and  the  Edio- 
burgh  edition  appears  to  be  the  one  which  ha* 
been  followed  by  all  writers  on  the  subject  The 
sense  of  the  whole  paMage  is  altered  by  tbs 
change,  and,  I  think,  distorted.  It  may  be  p»> 
Bumed,  although  the  great  varietT  of  ways  in 
which  the  names  hBTcbecn  altered  by  spelling  hu 
been  alluded  to,  that  no  possible  error  of  acrib* 
or  printer  could  [conTert  clanbrameron  into  dn 
Kauel :  and  the  view  once  entertained,  that  cUn 
Cameroo  and  clin  Quhele  were  synooyiuoul,  if 
now  leas  than  ever  tenable. 

AVhether  or  not  Major  made  a  mistake  in  not 
saying  that  it  was  the  Camerons  who  joined  das 
Knton  in  desertlofr  the  Lord  of  the  Isles,  is  for  our 
present  purpose  immaterial :  but  it  is  of  ranch 
interest,  to  lind  any  one  in  l-'iSl  writing  of  dm 
Kauel  at  all,  and  btill  more  so  in  juxtapodtioB 
with  thu  names  of  clan  Katan  and  of  clan  Camara^ 
and  not  as  synonymous  with  either,  just  ■■  At 
three  names  occur  Bepnrately  next  each  other  in 
the  Act  of  Parliament  of  1504.  Now,  &  stMU 
presumption  (in  addition  to  that  from  die  DBtiw 
translation  of  the  pnasage)  that  Major  did  not 
mean  the  clans  Cameron  and  Katan  to  be  &■ 
"  two  tribes ''  is  to  be  found  in  his  saying  at  tb* 
time  when  he  wrote,  or  about  1531,  that  tbMt 
two  clans  followed  the  same  leader,  not  msnlj 
that  they  had  once  done  so:  while  it  is  historicillj 
known  that  long  before  the  period  of  bis  writinv. 


tiore  Loe  penoa  oi  au  wuBnr, 
e  distinct  from  dan  Kataa,  II 


conunguineir,  panim  i 

aut  prs^'Tiei  tuni^iaii 
tiibus  e"     '  '*"'" 


priiiviiKm  >niiU'ntea: 


Which  may  bi'  tr.inslatod  thus: — 

"  Tiro  Iribrs  I'f  tlio  fbre>t  pca|ilf.  In  wit  clan  Katan 
and  clan  Kauel,  left  Alexmiilcr  of  tin  Isle^  and  rollowcd 
the  !<iile  uf  thi!  kin^',  ami  tii  Kiml  piinw'e.  At  tlic  fal- 
lowiii;;  feast  of  pnliui  (hinp,  nartl  i-i'cn  lU  furiously,  that 
tha  tribe  dan  Xnton  ili'>ln>viil  llii'  whole  race  i.f  rlon 
Brancinn.  ThsK  iribrn  are  of  Ibo  nainv  blmul,  huliling 
Uttia  In  lordshiiKs  hot  fiillowiii;;  one  head  nf  tliiir  mi's  as 
ffalef,  vlth  their  alllei  noil  <li>pnH  lentil" 

I  think  that  in  tho  fori'irnin^'  pjissa^-e  fh''  '■  dua) 
tribus  "  and  the  "  hie  tribna  "  must  be  lonsiiiered  to 
refer  to  the  same  jieopie.  It  would  therefore  appear, 
acccffdiDg  to  Major,  that  on  one  occasion,  Dcing 
together  and  under  one  leader,  the  two  tribes  dan 
Katan  and  elan  Kauel  joined  the  king,  and  that 
subsequently  the  tribe  clan  Katan  made  the  mur- 
derous attack  on  the  race  nf  t'aineron,  which 
others  have  described  ns  having  been  mndo  in  a 
chnrch.    Any  proof  that  Kauel  is  merely  another 


mredfromdiH 


tho  Camera 

indeed  they  had  ever  been  united  toil;  andtltai^ 
I  there  are  some  indications  of  former  connwtkaa 

between  the  two  races,  tbs  main  ■ 

their  being  of  the  same  stock  is  deri 

very  altered  passage  of  Major.     It  is  .    , 

I  tikdy  lb  at  Major,  while  mentioning  the  oloseralir 
I  tionsnip  of  these  races,  could  have  re&uned  from 
'  some    expression   of  surprise,  that    nev«itkaleM 

these  allied  races  had  slaughtered  each  otbaril 
:  so  wholesale  a  falhieQ.  I  return  now  from  ^>t 
I  may  appear  a  digression  from  the  ma 
'  ju9titi"d,  however,  by  the  acard^of  nt. 
I  'Quhewil,  and  by  the  tact  that  the  Cu 
I  often  been  considered  to  have  been  one  of  the  oon* 
.  tending  parties  at  Terth. 

Before  leaving  Major,  it  may  be  wall  to  ohaem 
.  thatthe  Lindsay  employed  with  the  Earl  of  Moi^ 
I  in  nrranciuE  the  combat  was,  accordingtohim,Bat 

James  Karl  of  Crawford,  the  Juatidacy  of  Soot- 
!  land,  but  David  Lindaay,  aftarwaida  ewl,  lAa 
i  indeed  had  lately,  as  pointed  out  by  1C&  Bz:n% 


nsuhJM 


4«fc  S.  IV.  Nov.  20,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


439 


acquired  through  his  wife  lands  in  Strathnaim  in 
the  clan  Katan  district,  but  had  also  been  recently 
enfifaged,  to  his  cost,  at  Glasklune  with  a  band  of 
Highlanders,  among  whom  were  the  clan  Chevdl. 

Coming  next  to  Hector  Boece,  he  is  usually  quoted 
as  the  first  introducer  of  the  name  of  clan  Katan 
into  the  arena ;  but  in  the  original  edition  of  his 
book  he  only  speaks  of  a  clan  Quhete.  Obviously 
though  t  is  merely  a  misprint  for  the  /  of  Quhele, 
Bellenden  in  15.30  translated  Clanquhete,  Glen- 
quhattaneis,  and  thus  for  the  first  time  was  the 
name  of  clan  Katan  made  to  appear  in  the  fight — 
1»34  years  after  that  event.  There  are  various 
reasons  why  such  a  name,  by  the  time  of  Bel- 
lenden a  well-known  one,  and  possibly  the  ge- 
neric name  of  both  the  combatant  races,  should, 
when  once  introduced,  be  retained.  For  the  pre- 
sent it  is  enough  to  say,  that  probably  the  first 
mention  of  the  name  of  clan  Katan  in  written 
history  occurs  in  Bower,  who,  writing  about  1440, 
recorded  its  desertion  of  the  Lord  of  the  Isles 
twelve  years  before,  and  that  the  name  seems  to 
occur  first  in  a  deed  in  1407.  As  yet,  I  believe 
there  is  no  ^vritten  evidence  that  clan  Katan 
existed  under  that  name  in  1390. 

By  an  examination  of  the  text  of  the  early 
historians  a  link  has  thus  been  supplied  in  the 
scanty  histor}'  of  clan  Quliele,  and  the  accident 
which  has  brought  the  name  of  clan  Katan  into 
the  lists  at  Perth  has  been  explained. 

In  the  foregoing  papers  an  attempt  has  been 
made  to  bring  together  the  few  ascertained  facts 
respecting  the   clans   that  contended   at    Perth. 
The  chief  facts  are  shortly  these : — There  was  a 
fight  at  Glasklune  in  which  the  sheriff  of  Forfar 
and  other  gontiT  were  slain,  and  Sir  David  Lind- 
say was  wounded.  This  is  connected  in  Wyntoun's 
mind  with  the  combat  at  Perth  before  the  court, 
which  took  places  about  four  years  after.  He  states 
that  one  of  the  clans  nt  Perth  was  clan  Quhele, 
and  one  of  the  leaders  Sha  Ferquhar's  son.  Now  the 
clan  Chewil,  under  Slurach  (doubtless  Scheach), 
was  one  of  the  clans,  chielly  their  neighbours,  put  to 
the  horn  along  with  the  Duncansons  for  their  share 
in  the  raid  on  Forfarshire.     It  is  also  known  that 
the  Duncansons  and  clan  Chewil  were  connected  by 
a  marriage  of  the  daughter  of  a  Duncanson  with  a 
Farquhar,  or  Shaw  Farquhar,  in  Braemar.     The 
people  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Grampians  were 
closely  allied  ])arentolre.* 

If  these  facts  look  dry  and  meagre,  they  have  at 
least  the  merit  of  having  a  foundation  in'real  his- 
tory— a  merit  which  can  scarcely  be  assigned  to 
the  very  conflicting  traditions  on  the  subject, 
many  of  which  have  the  appearance  of  having 


*  There  is  a  certain  amount  of  analogy  between  the 
names  Quhewil,Kauel,  Jai/la,  and  Ja/ila;  and  it  is  worthv 
of  observation  that  some  forty  years  before  the  fight  tlic 
Duncansons  had  dealings  with  a  clan  Jan  lea. 


been  shaped  to  fit  the  dry  bones  of  the  earlier 
annalists. 

Upon  these  traditions  I  shall  ofier  a  few  ob- 
servations. It  is  remarkable  that  while  various 
clans  have  traditions  of  their  being  the  victorioufl, 
none  have  any  of  their  being  the  defeated  party. 

Only  two  clans  have  attempted  to  identify  the 
particular  names  of  the  leaders — the  Macintoshea 
by  an  elaborate  genealogy ;  the  Shaws  in  a  simpler 
way.  But  little  is  known  of  the  evidence  on 
which  these  identifications  are  grounded. 

With  respect  to  Highland  traditions^  I  have 
contented  myself  with  showing,  that  there  is 
nothing  in  some  of  them  inconsistent  with  the  his- 
torical facts  now  brought  together.  While  these 
traditions  are  so  various^  and  often  of  apparently 
recent  origin,  it  is  impossible  to  accept  those  of 
any  one  family  exclusively.  But  traditions  confir- 
matory of  the  probability  of  the  suggestions  thrown 
out  by  me  have,  singularly  enough^  been  recently 
brought  to  light  by  Miss  Taylor  m  her  interesting 
book  on  the  Braemar  Highlands,  where  she  gives 
some  curious  notices  of  fights  between  the  Shaws 
on  Speyside,  and  the  Farquharsons,  or  whatever 
at  that  time  was  the  designation  of  the  inha- 
bitants of  Braemar.  They  were  connected  with 
the  recent  settlement  of  some  of  the  Shaws  in 
Braemar,  and  were  protracted  through  two  gene- 
rations. Their  exact  date,  as  in  the  case  of  most 
Highland  traditions,  is  somewhat  uncertain ;  and 
deeds  which  must  have  extended  over  a  con- 
siderable period  are  grouped  round  one  hero.  But 
most  leading  Highland  families  have  one  great 
hero,  and  have  also,  as  in  Miss  Taylor*s  tradition, 
acquired  lands  by  marrying  an  heiress. 

And  while  alluding  to  traditions,  I  would  venture 
to  suggest  again,  that  it  would  be  very  interesting 
if  the  Macphersons  would  explain  to  us  how  their 
black  chaunter  (called  black,  their  respected  caput 
progenei  has  informed  me,  from  the  colour  of  the 
wood,  and  said  to  have  fallen  firom  the  clouds) 
came  to  be  so  long  in  the  keeping  of  the  Grants  of 
Glenmoriston:  whether  it  is  believed  to  have 
belonged  to  the  victors  at  Perth,  or  to  have  been 
taken  from  the  defeated  party.  Whether  also,  in 
the  story  of  the  thick-set  saddler  settling  in  Ba^ 
denoch,  and  his  descendants  being  called  the  sons 
of  the  crooked  smith,  they  have  not  confounded 
the  saddler,  who  at  most  was  onl^  bandy-legged, 
with  the  Gow  Chrom,  an  estabhshed  personage 
in  their  genealogy.  Can  they  tell  us  nothing  of 
the  now  extinct  race  of  the  clan  Dhai  at  Invema- 
havon,  in  the  heart  of  their  own  country,  which 
seems  to  have  been  absorbed  by  the  name  of  Mao- 
pherson  ?  Were  they  ever  themselves  designated 
clan  Heth,  or  Ha,  or  Quhele  ? 

Is  it  impossible  to  make  out  in  an  intelligible 
way  the  relations  of  Shaws,  Mackintoshes,  and 
Farquharsons  to  each  other  ?  The  names  Shaw 
and  Mackintosh  seem  to  have  been  long  inter- 


440 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[4A8.IV.  NoT.S0,*e8. 


diangeable  at  RothiemiirchuS;  and  the  names  of 
Mackintosh,  Shaw,  and  Farquharson  on  the  other 
fiide  of  the  Grampians.  It  would  appear  that  for 
a  long  time  the  connection  between  the  names 
Sha  and  Mackintosh  has  been  a  puzzle,  for  the 
minister  of  Kilranock  writes  thus  about  1680: 
'<  Mackintosh  got  the  better  at  the  Inches,  and 
being  formerly  sumamed  Shaw  Mackintosh,  he 
took  the  patronymic  only  for  his  surname,  not 
using  that  of  Shaw  any  more."  Then,  in  the  case  of 
patronymics,  it  is  extremely  difRcult  to  determine 
when  a  name,  from  belonging  simply  to  a  parti- 
cular leader,  came  to  represent  his  followers  also. 
For  instance,  of  the  names  introduced  into  the 
present  question,  there  were  Ferquhar  son  of  Seth, 
Scayth  son  of  Farquhar,  Ferqiihar  Mackintosh, 
and  probably  Shaw  Mackintosh,  whose  names 
were  known  by  writings  before  that  of  the  Sha 
Ferquhar's  son  of  the  fight;  but  has  any  one 
determined  when  any  set  of  people  were  first 
called  Shaws,  or  Mackintoshes,  or  Farquharaons  ? 
I  may  remark  in  passing,  that  if  one  of  the 
leaders  at  the  Inches  had  the  specific  name  of 
Mackintosh,  one  already  as  well  known  as  that  of 
son  of  Ferquhar,  it  is  surprising  that  none  of  the 
annalists  should  have  recorded  that  name. 

In  this  complicated  subject  of  inquiry,  I  have 
regarded  the  primaiy  facts  from  historical  sources 
as  more  important  than  mere  traditions :  I  have 
no  wish  to  assert  anything  dogmatically,  but 
rather  to  invite  further  inquiry  on  the  part  of 
those  who  have  opportunities  of  studying  the 
subject  more  deeply.  John  Macpherson. 


ROTHVVELL  CRYPT  AND  XASEBY  15ATTLE. 

(4»»»  S.  iv.  295,  074.) 

It  appears  to  me  that  Mr.  Cherry  has  mis- 
understood the  query  of  13.  IL  C.  As  I  under- 
stand the  question,  he  suggested  that  the  bones, 
not  the  bodies,  of  those  who  fell  at  Nasel)y  were 
collected  and  transferred  to  this  crypt.  If  they 
were  collected,  it  must  have  been  done  some  years 
after  the  battle,  probably  [soon  after  the  llestora- 
tion.  It  is  easy  to  understand  the  feeling  which 
would  prompt  such  a  course.  The  fiowor  of  Eng- 
land fell  at  Naseby ;  was  it  fitting  that  their  bones 
should  remain  to  be  turned  up  by  the  plough  or 
become  "  as  dung  upon  the  earth  "  't  Kothwell 
crypt,  useless  after  the  Iteformation,  would  present 
itself,  and  what  so  natural  as  that  the  bones  should 
be  deposited  there,  the  entrance  walled  up,  and  the 
whole  subject  forgotten  ?  If  such  were  the  case 
several  of  Mr.  Cuerry's  objections  will  vanish. 
No  traces  of  skin  or  integument  would  be  looked 
for :  all  that  was  left  on  Naseby  field.  The  crypt 
would  not  have  held  the  bodies,  but  it  would 
have  been  amply  large  enough  to  contain  the 
bonos.    No  perlect  skeleton  is  found,  because  the 


bones  were  collected  from  the  trenches  in  wlucih 
the  bodies  were  probably  laid,  and  carried  to  the 
crypt,  where  they  were  piled  with  the  precLnon 
visible  even  now.  No  one  looking  at  the  bonee 
could  imagine  for  a  moment  that  they  were  placed 
there  as  lK)dies;  they  lie  in  regular  order,  layen 
of  skulls  alternating  with  layers  of  bones. 

Mr.  Cuerry's  explanation  calls  for  a  few  re- 
marks. Rothwell  may  have  been  of  mote  im- 
portance in  the  middle  ages  than  it  is  now,  hut 
whether  its  population  was  very  much  larger  is 
open  to  doubt.  It  had  a  market,  and  a  market- 
house  was  begun  in  Elizabeth's  reign,  but  neTer 
finished,  and  it  remains  unroofed  to  this  day. 
That  it  was  a  municipal  town  and  walled  is  new 
to  me.  I  presume  Mr.  Cherbt  has  authority 
for  the  statement.  There  was  a  religious  house, 
and  I  believe  some  twenty-six  brothers  reside 
on  the  foundation  now  :  but  that  Rothwell  wis 
ever  the  ecclesiastical  centre  of  a  considerable 
district  is  only  correct  in  so  far  as  it  gives 
name  to  a  rural  deanery.  Mb.  Cherry's  '*cod- 
jecture  that  one  of  the  several  graveyards  in  the 
town  and  neighbourhood  was  appropriated  to 
a  secular  use  '*  sounds  strange.  Can  he  pcnnt  to  a 
single  parish  which  has  lost  both  church  and 
churchyard,  or  to  any  tradition  or  any  written 
authoritv  in  support  of  his  conjecture  ? 

If  it  be  granted  that  the  bones  came  from  a 
churchyard  another  difiiculty  presents  itseld  It 
is  acknowledged  that  all  the  bones  are  the  bones 
of  male  adults — of  men,  not  of  men,  women,  and 
children.  This  is  fatal  to  the  churchyard  theoiy. 
The  conjecture  that  they  came  from  a  religioQff 
house  is  inadmissible.  The  bones  belong  to  a 
single  generation,  and  many  still  bear  the  maiki 
of  sword  cuts  and  bullet  wounds  and  other  tokeni 
of  violent  death.  One  skull  is  shown  where  thA 
blood  ran  into  the  fracture,  and  still  remains  to 
witness  that  the  wound  was  made  during  liliB^ 
and  not  by  the  chance  blow  of  a  sexton's  pick. 
There  are  other  evidences  of  violence,  and  wlmt  is 
curious,  of  violence  some  time  before  death— ao 
long  indeed,  that  the  man  must  have  recovend 
probably  from  a  wound  received  in  a  premni 
battle.  The  number  of  these  bones  is  a  aifficolty 
which  only  a  battle  theory  can  overcome.  How 
many  were  placed  in  the  crypt  will  probably  never 
be  known.  It  has  been  said  that  there  were 
thirty  thousand  skulls,  but  the  actual  number 
now  is  much  less — those  at  the  bottom  of  the  pile 
gradually  crumbling  into  dust. 

From  a  list  of  the  abbots  of  Faversham,  I  find 
their  tenure  of  ofiice  from  1148  to  1630  averaged ' 
eighteen  years.  If  we  put  the  average  monasticme 
at  twenty  years,  then  in  three  hundred  years  the 
monks  would  be  renewed  fifteen  times.  Now,  sup- 
pose the  number  of  skulls  to  have  been  fifteen  thou- 
sand, or  one  half  the  number  stated,  a  monastery 
of  one  thousand  persons  must  have  existed  thna 


"»S.1V.  Nov.20,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


441 


.0  produce  the  bonea  in  liothveLI 


Lnst  ^uiiimer  I  saw  tlie  boties  at  Rothwetl  (or 
Eow'el,  (iH  tbe  local  folk  have  it).  X  was  pu7.zle<.i 
to  account  for  their  presence,  and  haTe  never  mei 
-with  a  salisfuctory  expknRtion.  I  disaeut,  how- 
ever, from  the  tlieory  that  the  bones  were  col- 
lected at  one  time  from  ftn  old  grayeyard  (p.  -174), 
Hf,  in  that  ciiae,  eonie  of  them  would  be  more 
decayed  thHn  others,  but  all  belong  npparently 
to  the  same  period.  The  bonua  ore,  hefides,  tbosc' 
of  atlults.  I  incline  to  the  belief  expressed  by  th«! 
querist  fri.  SW),  that  they  are  from  some  battle- 
ttcld,  and  thia  opinion  is  confirmed  by  the  fact  that 
Boine  of  the  skulls  which  I  examined  were /roc- 
ttiri-d.  Ill  addition  to  Xaseby,,  Bos  worth -li  eld  in 
the  adjacent  county  mifcht  be  mentioned.  Might 
not  some  zealous  Old  jilortality — a  combatant,  it 
maybe,  in  one  of  these  engi^ements — have  piously 
dug  up  in  hifl  later  years  tho  bones  of  hia  old 
commJes  and  got  them  preserved  in  the  crypt? 
It  appeared  to  mo  that  by  far  the  greater  portion 
of  the  boni}s  were  Ihoso  of  the  arms  ana  legs. 
When  in  the  crypt  tho  sexton  told  me  an  appro- 
priate tale  ;  how  that,  on  the  nigbt  of  the  death 
(if  his  father,  tho  bones  fell  down  with  a  crash, 
lining  up  the  present  pii^^nge  through  their  midst, 
and  that  it  was  one  of  his  lirst  duties,  as  the  new 
.-fxton,  to  pile  them  up  again. 

~       .Ions  E.  B.IILET. 

YoLir  correspondent  Jl.  II.  (..'.  may  ho  glad  to 
bu  referred  to  aa  interesting  article  entitled 
"Wanted  an  Owner:  sumo  Account  of  certain 
lliiues  found  in  a\'ault  beneath  I toth well  Church, 
Northauipton.'hirc,"  in  vol.  \tviu.  of  Frasry'g 
Mni/uiJtie,  July,  lf.53. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Architi-ctural  and.\rcho:>o- 
logicat  Societies  of  the  Archdeaconrv  of  North- 
iiniptoii,  &c.  &c.,  at  Peterborough  in  May  1855,  a 
paper  was  read  by  M.  W.  Bloxnm,  Esq.,  of  Rugby, 
"  On  the  Charnel  Vault  of  llothwell,''  in  which 
tbnt  gentleman  expressed  his  conviction  that  the 
content.-  of  the  vault  are  nothing  nioro  than  the 
exhumed  bones  of  those  who  had  been  buried  in 
the  graveyard  or  burial-ground  Burrounding  the 
chiircb.  A  rrport  of  this  meeting  will  be  found 
in  the  aciith-mnii'.*  Miir/'tiiii';  Sept.  ]«■>.'>.  There 
is  also  some  information  in  *'S.  &  Q.'' 1"  S.  i. 
171:  ii.  4.-,.  J.  Mandei. 


itKcoi;.vnox  of  iiosorii:  gohmogoxs: 

KKl^EMASOXS. 

(J'"  S.iv.  25^,  ,.■«»«■»,.) 

From  my  collections  respecting  the  ,'secret  and 

convivial  societies  of  the  last  century,  t  am  ftble 

to  solve  the  query  of  M.  D.  respecting  hie  decom- 


tion  of  honour.    It  ia  the  cast  or  mould  of  &■ 

medal  belonging  to  tbe  most  august  and  ancient 
order  of  Gormogone,  for  so  they  styled  theniEelvea, 

and  most  probably  was  one  worn  by  the  Volgi, 
the  chapter  or  heads  of  the  order.  As  the  order  is 
long  extinct,  it  would  be  impoesible  for  me  to 
give  a  full  explanation  of  the  inscription,  but  the 
words  Oecum.  Volo.  Ohd.  Gob.  — Go.,  evidently 
refer  to  the  (Ecumenical  Volgi  of  the  order  of 
Oormogoa,aad  are  quite  sufficient  toahowwhatit 
really  was  intended  for.  I  consider  that  the  words 
As.  Reo.  may  refer  to  the  date  of  the  foundation, 
of  the  eneienl  order  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne, 
some  years  previous  to  that  of  the  nearly  as 
anneal  order  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  who 
only  date  Irom  a  meeting  held  at  tbe  "  Apple 
Tree  "  tavern  in  Charles  Street,  Covent  Qarden, 
in  February  1717.  The  words  Univeesus  Splbn- 
noB  on  the  reverse  refer  to  the  sun,  one  of  their 
favourite  emblems;  and  Usiversa Bkitbvolenth 
refer  to  the  lai^e  sums  of  money  raised  by  the- 
order  and  dispersed  in  universal  charity,  a  mode 
of  action  partly  followed  by  the  Freemasons,  who 
at  the  request  of  tbe  Earl  of  Dalkeith,  theirOrand 
Master  inI723,  instituted  a  Committee  of  Charity, 
and  raised  funds,  which  they  took  care,  howerer, 
□niv  to  distribute  amongst  themselves. 

The  following  advertisement  from  the  Daily 
Journal  of  Oct.  28,  1731,  throws  a  glimmer  of 
light  on  the  Gormogona :  — 

-Br  CoiiaAND  or  tue  V.iloi, 

"  A  prneral  Chapter  of  the  most  angust  sniJ  ancient 
irdcr  of  Gor-mo-ROn  will  be  held  st  Iho  Cattit  tavern  in 
Plet-'t  Strecr,  to  coramence  at  12  o'clock,  of  which  the 
jiev«nl  graduates  and  licentiates  are  to  take  notice,  and 

Pope,  in  his  noble  poem  tho  Dimctad,  speaks  of 
tho  Iirecmesons  and  tho  Uormogons,  wJUi  all  the 
contempt  that  such  silly  secret  societies  deserve. 
When  the  Goddess  of  Dulneas  bids  all  her  chil- 
dren to  draw  near,   on  their  bended  knees,  to  re> 

their  titlea,  ho  saya: — 

Soma  deep  Frce-miisanB  join  (be  silent  race, 

Wortby  to  lill  i'ythagorai's  place  ; 

Some  boUDistn,  or  flaritts  st  [be  least. 

Or  iBBue  members  of  an  umaal  fcsst. 

U  or  passed  tbe  meanest  ooreBarded,  one 

Itose  a  Gregorian,  one  aGormogon."— (,iv.  571.) 

course  a  bitter  enmity  subsisted  between  the 
order  of  Gormogons  and  the  Society  of  Free  and 
.Accented  Masons,  as  wo  may  see  from  Ilogartb's 
well-Known  caricature  entitled  "  The  Mystery  of 
Masonry  brought  to  Light  by  the  Gormogons." 
In  i  t  one  ol  the  Gormogons  appears  to  be  wearing 
tbe  very  badge,  with  the  representation  of  tho 
un  upon  it,  noticed  by  the  querist ;  he  is  no 
ither  than  tjie  sage  Confucius;  the  (Ecumenicml 
Volgi  is  also  present,  but  his  badge  appears  to 
have  a  bird  npon  it,  probably  a  gooee.  The  bit- 
tsmew  between  tbe  FrMmasons  and  the  Gor- 
mogons is  exposed  by  one  of  the  FreemuoM 


442 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ih  &  iV.  Xtar.  SO^  ^6ip 


holding  forth  a  book.  This  most  probably  refers 
to  the  Grand  Myntrnj  of  the  Gormogons,  pub- 
lished in  1724;  or  it  may  have  reference  to  the 
Mason nf  Dissected  of  Samuel  Prichard  published 
in  1730,  for  both  the  order  and  society  accused 
each  other  of  publishing  their  secrets.  This  last- 
mentioned  book  actually  gave  Orator  Henley  a 
subject  for  an  oration,  which  is  advertised  in  the 
Dailt/  Pu4  of  Oct  30,  1730,  in  his  usual  stylo,  as 
follows : — 

•*  Tliis  daj*,  at  largo,  a  Xew  Orathm,  in  reply  to  MaMtiry 
Dhtectetl,  on  the  Free  Mason's  triumph ;  or  Iltxl  and 
Trowell  beat  the  whole  iield,  for  wa^r  against  Pricliard's 
jaw  bone  of  an  ass ;  being  a  defence  of  iMafionry  against 
the  ydpintr,  braying,  burring,  snapping,  snarling,  grin- 
ning, linrking,  growling,  huffing,  blowing,  tearing, 
staring,  strutting,  snorting,  and  petulant  clatter  of  late 
abont  it  in  papers  and  pamphlets.    Non-pa reil." 

The  man  partly  undressed,  seated  on  an  ass,  and 
the  person  m  close  proximity  to  him,  refers  to  a 
practice  said  to  be  common  among  the  Freemasons 
at  that  time,  *but  which  I  must  be  excused  for 
explaining  here.  However,  a  full  account  uf  it 
will  be  found  in  a  poem  published  iu  17'23,  and 
called  the  Fro4*  Masons,  a  lludihradtc  Voein.  The 
tall  Quixotic-looking  ligure  partly  dressod  in 
armoui",  with  a  shield  but  no  sword,  is  probably 
intended  for  the  Duke  of  Xorfolk,  who  projiented 
to  tho  society  in  172t>  the  sword  of  Gwtavus 
Adolphiis,  to  bo  used  for  over  as  a  sword  of  state 
by  the  (J  rand  Master.  I  may  observe  that  swords 
of  the  Protestant  champion  were  common  relics 
during  Iho  last  century,  and  as  plentiful  as  heads 
of  Oliver  Cromwell. 

Hogarth,  as  a  plain  honest  Englishman,  hated, 
and  lost  no  opportunity  iu  exposing,  the  falst> 
pretensions  of  Freemasonrj'.  In  his  picture  of 
^' Night"  he  shows  up  a  drunken  Fi*eemason, 
and  tliore  is  little  doubt  that  he  had  a  hand  in 
the  celebrated  caricature  of  the  procession  of  the 
** Scald  Miserable  Masons  "in  1742. 


Magazine,  June  1834,  p.  601.  Some  aoeount  of 
Thomas  Webster  is  given  in  the  Dietioimmre  Thii^ 
vcrsel  des  Contemporains,  par  G.  Vapereau,  tiiud 
edit.    Paris,  18G5.  CnARLES  VlviAir, 

41,  Kcdeston  Square. 

IIenrick  Xiclaes:  Tite  Family  of  Loys 
(4'^  S.  iv.  850.)  — A  little  book  in  mv  poBseaaiaii 
gives  a  portrait  of  this  religionist,  an^  a  bzief— A 
verj'  bnef— notice  of  hiim*  denouncing  his  opi- 
nions, but  containing  no  biographical  fact  woridi 
mentioning.    The  book  is  named 

"'  Apocalypsis ;  or  the  Kevolation  of  Certain  KotorkNU 
AdvAn«'er8  of  llcresv,  faithfully  nod  impartially  Trans- 

!  latcd  our  of  the  Latin  by  J.  D.     The  third  edltioo. 

i  Printed  for  J.  Williams  at  the  Crown,  in  Cross  Keja 
Court  in  Little  Britain,  1071." 

The  porti-ait  (in  this  and  other  instances)  is  evi- 
dently copied  from  some  much  better  oiiguial, 
I  earlier  in  date  by  half  a  century  or  more.  I  ctn 
scarcely  suppose  that  so  slight  a  little  book  could 
be  of  any  use  to  Mr.  IIkssels  ;  but,  were  this  the 
case,  it  would  be  much  at  his  serviofi. 

W.  M.  ROSSETTT. 
56,  Eustou  Square,  X.  W. 

Benedtctioxal  Queries  (4''»  S.  iv.  294,  366u) 
The  only  information  1  can  find  about  S.  Athim 
is,  that  lie  was  a  Saxon  saint,  and  buried  in  the 
Abbey  Church  of  Thomey,  Cambridgeshizeir* 
{Duffdale,  vol.  ii.).  According  to  Albiui  Batlei; 
8.  Etheldritha  was  the  daughter  of  Offa^  kingci 
Mercia  and  Queen  Quiudreda.  Having  refused 
to  marry  Etholbert,  Idug  of  the  East  Angles,  from 
nu  ardent  desire  to  give  herself  to  God,  sheretind 
to  a  cell  near  Ooyland  in  Lincolnshire,  where  she 
lived  ft)rty  years.  She  died  about  the  year  884^ 
and  her  ftistival  is  kept  Aug.  2 ;  consequentiy  I 
do  not  til  ink  she  can  be  the  same  person  hs  & 
Etheldryda,  whose  festival  is  June  23. 

Froomb-Selwoosl 

Carev,  in  the  third  edition  of  his  Poems,  pub-  I    .  ^^  "^^%Pfj"*!f  ''  Judai^el "  in  my  comoM^ 
lished  in  1729,  attempts  to  *'  moderate'^  between    "^cation,  p   300  (the  name  of  the  father  and 
the  Freemasons  and  the  Gormogons,  in  the  follow-     ^^^^^^^  ^^  ^^  '^  ^^^c^)  ^^^^^^^  \^,  J"!**®^ 
ing  truthful  words :—  W.  M.  RosSEiXL 

"  The  jMosoils  and  the  Gormogons 
Are  lau^hin^  at  one  another. 
While  all  mankind  are  lauj^hini;  at  them. 
Then  why  do  they  make  such  a  pother  ? 

*'  They  bait  their  hooks  for  simple  gulls. 
And  truth  with  bam  they  smother ; 
And  when  they've  taken  in  their  culls, 
Whv  then  'tis  welcome  brother." 

William  Pin^kkton. 

Hountilow. 


Small  WOOD :  Webster  (4**'  S.  iv.  208.)  — 
Biographical  notices  of  Wm.  Frome  Smallwood 
may  be?  found  in  The  Anmial  Biography  and  Obi- 
iuartj   (1835),   xix.   4o3,     and    the    GetUlemans 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS,  KTC. 

Intematimud  Cowfress  of  Prehistoric  Archaolom : 

actions  of  the  Third  Session  which  opened  at  Nbrwkk  fli 
August  20  and  clowd  in  London  on  AugwU  2S,  1888 ; 
containing  the  Papers  read  at  the  Cimgreat,  with  JUm^ 
tratitnis  chiefly  contrilnited  by  the  Authort^  and  OM 
Abstract  of  the  Discussions.    (liOngman.) 

Prehistoric  archroology,  though  a  science  of  veiy 
recent  growth,  is  already  producing  veiy  remarkable  re- 
sults. At  a  meeting  of  tbe  Soci^tc  Italionne  des  So&MieM 

j  Naturelles,  held  at  La  Spczzia  in  18G5,  it  was  piopoaad  to 
found  an  International  Congress  **  pour  1m  <#taaeB  pi^ 

.  historifiucs,"  under  the  title  of  **  Cmgrte  pelrfQPtlnMla"^ 


4-^  S.  IV.  Nov,  20,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


(liqne."  Such  Congiew  m«t  at  Nouchatel  in  186C ;  ami  tule  for  this  ( 
m  theibHowingvearatPoradiirinR  thcEipMition  Dni-  j  IwaHtifully  gol 
vcnelk,  under  the  appellntiim  ofConfrroi  international 
Je  rAulbmpoloKie  et  ile  il'AreheoIojiie  I'reliistoriqne.' ' 
In  186B,  Kiifiluud  havlni!  heen  fixed  uiwii  aa  tlie  place  of 
meelinK,  uiider  the  title  of  "Internationa!  ConsroM  of 


lobling  Btuciy.    The  book  ia  aUogetbet 


Mamoir    i 


Sor 


uucu.HHuns  111  wnicn  thev  e»ve  ri-e,  fnmi  ihe  Kulijent  of 
tills  deeply  Interesting  aiicl  pTi>fii!>«1v  illmlmled  vutume. 
So  vfide  0  range  is  eovureii  by  the  Various  papera  rmil 
before  the  Conjrre^B.  and  Hict  tooch  nn  sueli  an  inflnlta 
variety  i>t'  poinLi,  tliat  it  i->  ImpiiHBihle  to  ffivc  hire  oven 
a  Mimniary  of  their  resnltH.  Wi>  mtiat,  Uirrefhrei  KfCe 
onr  raadcro  to  Iho  volumB  itwif,  cnnflilenl  that  they  will 
acTW  with  ns  tlinh  it  ia  an  important  oontrUiotion  to  a. 
iiiHiicli  of  knuwleilge  destined  <'\-i>ntual1v  to  throw  much 
inrl  hltlierlci  nnexpeotnl  li^lit  nn  rlie  pliy.'ieal  and 
lona  branches  uf  the  great  liumnn 


■V  of  the 
familf. 

/JUh:     Bs  V.  A. 


whieh  in  tt 


thr'Tufinltit;,  Gra 


TesnindliiK 


J  tie  Infinildy 


t,  OorreirBindinK  Jlpmbot  of 


ilian-.a,  Ysgaletl,  Author  of   a 

the  Rev.  Bobeit  Price,"  and  Ivditoi  of 

Itemains."    (LanginnD.) 

Time  waj  vhen  sober  Knglisb  critiea  looked  with  m 
niucli  dread  at  the  work  of  a  Welsh  anliquaiy,  aa  Sir 
John  Falatatr  at  Sir  Hnj^h  ICvaos  in  Ihc  ^uise  of  a  Welah 
fairv ;  but  that  time  lias  dltiappcaied,  aiid  the  authoren 
of  this  Hitniyof  Wahi,  in  a  ven-  modest  and  intelligent 
preface,  discuasea  thu  value  of  tbo  early  autboritlts  for 
Wolih  liialoiy  in  a  manner  which  would  have  aatiefled 
that  eanieiit  innnirer  after  historic  truth,  the  late  Sir  G. 
Colncwall  Lewis  himself.  Having  dune  bo,  gbs  procMda 
Co  DBtTSte  the  principal  events  of  Welah  hhilory  in  a 
airaplo  unalTeeteil  luanner,  dwellinc  more  fully  on  tha 
earlier  and  leas  familiar  portinna  of  it,  quoting  hei  an- 
thorilii'i  eJearly  and  dhtinutly,  and  tliua  produdag  a 
volume  which  those  anxious  for  a  concise  and  iatelli^la 
history  of  the  I'rincijiality  may  consult  with  advantaj:^ 

Books  liBCEivBD :  — 
A  Tahfor  a  Chrlttmat  Comer,  axdolhir  Euayi  bv  LtiA 

Hum.     from   "  71*  Iivllcalnr,"    1MI9-1831.      Ediitd, 
/atmliction  and  JVbWi.    iji  Edmund  Oilier. 


Cn..t( 


■■) 


In 


ind  carriG<l  out  the  idea 
ve  volume,  the  object  of 
d  lo  extend  a  bute  for  Natural 
'   " "  ■,  the  b 


-igiinlly,  not  a  Icunied  treatise,  but  a  wmpla  clementaiy 
•ikctch  calculated  to  induce  the  rcailcT  In  seek  In  other 
works  for  more  exlcniiivu  and  more  nnifuund  knou'bidgo : 
.ind,  li^v  the  title  which  lu'  aduiiteil,  M.  I'onctict  iteaiteil 
to  indicate  that  the  whole  range  of  creation  enino  within 
his  ^^;DIll■.  so  as  lo  I'Uahle  liim  when  desirable  lo  contrast 
iIh'  smalteKt  uf  its  productions  with  Ihc  mightiest. 
While,  as  Ihc  facts  of  Nutural  History  are  best  eoiii-e>-ed 
I»  Ihe  mind  by  a  series  of  piclurcs,  lie  lias  endeavoured 
Ion'prc^ent  iiictorially  as  manv  olijecCa  aa  possible.  These, 
which  arc  adtiiirably  exccalni  by  Hime  of  the  most  emi- 
nent artiats  of  Fiance,  are  ncarlv  four  hniiilrvd  in  number, 
and  torm  a  most  attractive  feature  in  the  biiuk  as  welt  as 
contribute  e^svIlliuIly  to  tlie  objui't  fur  which  it  was 
written.  A  glanco  at  Ihe  eonleiils  of  the  volume  wiU 
serve  to  show  more  distinctly  how  varied,  intercatinB, 
ami  pxtensii-e  that  object  is.  In  treating  of  the  Aulmal 
Kin^lom,  tl.  J'nui'het  Jiviilea  the  subject  Into  the  In- 
vihlide  World,  the  -Vrchitects  of  the  Sen,  Insects,  Kavogera 
of  Forests,  Protectora  of  Agriculture,  and  tlic  Migrations 


In 
I  the  Anatomy  ai 


[t  recognised 


mil  Cei 

iloni,andthc      ^ _ 

instructed  na  to  Ihe  Formation  uf  the  ( 
tains,  Cataclysms,  anil  Upheaving  of  Ihe  Uloliei  Vol- 
canoes and  Kartlii(nakes,  tilui'ieis  and  ICtenial  .Snown.  | 
Caverns  and  Urottucs  Sicppes  and  ItcMrts,  and  the  Air  i 
and  Its  <  ?<irpasi;uli:s.  Ailerlrealhi^fanilerthehead  of  the  '. 
Si'Icrcid  Kuivcr^',  of  the  Stars,  and  Imineiisitv,  and  the  : 
Solar  Sjwcm,  M.  PoocheC  brings  lu  a  close,  wtth  a  short 
lint  RpimipriatD  chapter  on  lloit'iters  and  Superstitions,  I 
a  vulume,  which,  in  iM  translated  fomi,  is  calculated,  we 
should  llitnk,  to  enjoy  a  wide  popularity  in  this  country, 
wbi<'h  alK.riLi  a  graphic  rciiiwc  OS  the  mori'  striking  phe- 
nomena nf  physical  science ;  and  is  wpecinlly  adapted  as  | 
a  git't-book  to  these  in  whom  it  is  desired  to  encourage  a  i 


.;nod  service,  not   only  to  the 

memory  of  hia  old  friend,  but  to  all  lovers  of  good 

thorough  English  and  genial  essay  writing,  by  this  re- 

liuldication  of  aome  of  Leigh  Hunt  s  moat  genial  papera. 

The  I^w  rdatim  to  Iiuliitrial  and  Friti^n    SociitUt 

(iiielading  Ihi  Windiag-ap  Ctaiatf),  tcUh  a  Prmtlad 

IntrndBctiony  Nota,  und  Model  Stales  j  to  vhich  u  addtd 

Hie  Ijia  of  France  on  the  lame  Subject,  and  Baaaiit 

on  Trvdet^  Ujtioiu.    By  YAvitA  W.  lirabrook,  F.S.A., 

Bnirialewit-Ijw.     (Butterwortli.) 

A  work  on  this  important  subject,  bv  i 

officer  of   the  Friendly   Societies   Regislr;-, 

recommendation  on  its  title-page. 

TiiK  Latk  Rev,  Wiixi.tii  IIabskss.— AU  who  know 
the  late  Incambnnt  of  All  Saints,  Knightsbridge,  and 
Preliendarv  of  St.  Paul's— the  school-lbliow  and  Mend 
of  Byron— the  friend  of  Milman,  and  wc  might  say  of 
every  man  of  letters  who  has  lived  during  the  present 
Kenlury — will  learn  with  deep  regret  tlmt  this  accom- 
plished scholar  and  true  Christian  gentleman  died  snd- 
>lenly  from  an  accident  on  Thursday  the  11th,  in  the 
iJghty-aecond  year  of  his  age. 

The  Caii&kX  Soc:btt  ;  tiie  i.atk  Mr.  Broc*.— 
.Vt  the  Meeting  of  the  Council  held  on  Wednnday  Hi* 
Ulth,  Sir  WillUm  Tile,  the  President,  in  the  chair,  the 
following  tribute  to  the  Memoiy  of  the  late  Direetor  of 
the  Society  was  uiuuiimoiuly  agreed  to ;  — 
"  Ke-olved, 
"  That,  before  proceeding  to  anr  other  busineas,  there 
be  cnlen'd  on  the  minutes  an  expression  of  the  deep 
itgrct  felt  by  the  Council  at  the  lameated  death  of  Mb. 
IIbuck,  for  whom  they  all  felt  the  warmest  attachment, 
not  only  aa  a  colleague,  but  as  a  peniaQal  friend,  and  of  their 
■.ease  of  the  irreparable  loss  which  the  Camden  Sode^ 
lias  BUSttiiDed  by  his  decease.  The  thirteen  volnmea 
^rhich  tiR.  Brdcr  has  edited  for  Ihe  Society,  in  addition 
[0  the  papera  contributed  to  the  3Iiicellajig,  great  as  ia 
[heir  number,  and  valuable  as  they  are  for  the  care  and 
teaming  which  they  exhibit,  constitute  far  from  hls 
highest  claims  to  the  gratitude  of  the  Society. 

"  Mb.  Bkdcc  took  an  active  part  in  the  formation  of 
I  he  Camdsn  Society  )  and  from  the  ISth  of  Hardi,  1638, 


444 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^  8.  IV.  Not.  KH  W. 


\rhen  it  was  e^tabluhcd,  there  have  been  v(!ry  few  Coiin- 
cUb  held  at  which  ho  lias  not  l)een  pn>se'nt.  To  his 
careful  discharge  of  the  duties  of  Treasurer  the  Society 
owed  much  of  itfl  early  success;  and  the  great  services  ho 
has  rendered  it  during  the  nineteen  years  he  has  licld  the 
olfice  of  Director  cannot  be  overrated,  liut  p^reat  as  were 
the  acquirements  which  peculiarly  (itteil  Mi:.  I>ruck  for 
that  office,  and  clear  as  was  his  judgment,  and  wise  his 
(.'onnsci,  he  will  be  still  more  endeared  to  the  memor}*  of 
his  colleagues  by  the  noble  simplicity  of  his  character 
and  the  warmth  of  his  friendship." 

At  a  later  period  of  the  Meeting  Mr.  Sammd  Rawson 
Cianliner,  author  of  The  History  of  England,  from  the 
Accession  of  James  I.  to  the  Disgrace  of  Chief  Justice 
Coke,  and  also  of  Prince  Charles  and  the  Spanisfi  Mar- 
rififfe^  who  has  e<lited  several  volumos  for  the  Society, 
having  at  the  invitation  of  tlie  Council  consented  to  act, 
was  elected  Director  of  the  Societv. 

The  Westminstkr  Play. — The  experiment  of  sub- 
7<tituting  tho  Trinummus  of  IMautus  for  one  of  the  ph\ys 
of  Terence,  first  tried  in  18b0,  Is  to  be  repeated  this  year. 
Though  the  result  was  then  considered  sntisfactory,  a 
strung  feeling  in  favour  of  Terence  prevails  among  old 
Westminsters.  One  of  these,  no  less  distingui«*hed  for 
his  scholarship  than  for  the  interest  taken  by  him  in 
rverything  connected  with  Westminster  School,  is  said 
to  have  offered  to  **  IJowdlerizc"  the  exceptionable  pas- 
sages in  the  Terentian  repertory,  an  offer  well  deserving 
the  consideration  of  tho  authorities. 

Mr.  William  Ciiaitkli^  F.S.A.,  whose  investigations 
into  tho  history  of  music  and  musical  literature  have 
already  produced  such  admirable  results  in  his  "  Popular 
Music  in  the  Olden  Time,"  is  engaged  on  a  History  of 
<  Ireek  Musir»,  and  on  the  Origin  of  the  Music  of  the  Chris- 
lian  Church  :  subjects  which  have  occupied  the  attention 
of  many  eminent  scliolars,  and  in  coiniection  with  which 
Mr.  Chappell  is  understood  to  have  made  some  very 
interesting  discoveries. 

SiK  Albert  W.  Woods  (for  such  is  now  the  proper 
title  of  Garter  Principal  King  of  Anns)  was  presented  to 
the  Queen  at  Windsor  on  Thursday  the  II th  instant, 
when  Her  Mnjesty  was  pleased  to  confer  upon  him  the 
honour  of  knighthomi,  to  invest  him  with  the  Gold  Chain 
and  Badge,  and  to  deliver  to  him  the  sceptre  of  the 
office  of  Garter. 

Mr.  Murray's  Tr.vdk  Sale.— Mr.  Murray's  annual 
trade  sale  to  tlie  booksellers  of  London,  which  was  lield 
at  the  Albion,  in  AMersgate  Street,  (m  Thursday,  the 
1 1  th  inst.,  was  vfry  successful,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  follow- 
ing statement  of  the  number  of  new  works  for  the  present 
season  which  were  shown  and  subscribed  for  : — Karl  Stan- 
hope's Iteign  of  <iu(M'ii  Anne,  connecting  l/)rd  Macaulav's 
History  with  his  own  (000);  Mrs.  Pall i-^er's  Account  of 
Brittany  and  its  liyow.iys  (500) ;  a  new  edition  of  G rote's 
History-  of  Greece,  to  be  published  in  monthly  volumes 
(1,500)  ;  Mr.  Loch's  Xarrativo  of  Events  in  China  dur- 
ing Ix)rd  Klgin's  Second  Embassy  (40i)) :  New  Series  of 
Sir  Charles  Eastlakc's  Literature  of  the  Fine  Arts  (;J50) ; 
Mr.  McGregor's  Kob  Koy  on  the  Jordan  (2,(»00);  Mr. 
Van  Lennep's  Travels,  Researches   and  Discoveries  in 
Asia  Minor  (400)  ;  Mr.  llobinson's  I*arks  and  Gardens  of 
Paris  (450)  ;  Mr.  Smiles's  i>opular  edition  of  The  Hugue- 
nots (2,000) :  Our  Ironclads,  by  Mr.  Keed,  Constructor 
of  the  Navy  (:)5U)  ;  Dean  Stanley's  Historical  Memorials 
of  Westminster  Abbev,  third  and  enlargo<l  edition  (70(») ; 
Parkman's  Disf  ©very  of  the  (Jrcat  West  (."00) ;  Sir  Leo- 
pold M'Clintock's  Popular  Account  of  the  Voyage  of  tho 
Fox  in  the  Arctic  Seas  (.500) ;  Fourth  edition  of  Lord 
Hatherlcy  on   the  Continuitv  of  Scripture  (500) ;  Dr. 
Child's  Bcnedicite,  third  edition  (700).  During  the  evening 


the  following  standanl  and  popular  works  wereilio  sold : 
Lord  Bvron's  Life  and  Works  (1,800) ;  Dr.  Liv{iigfltoiM*8 
Mission'arv  Travels  (500) ;  Little  Arthnr's  Histoiy  of  Eng- 


Dr.  William  Smith's  Classical  Dictionaries  (2,600) ;  Dr. 
William  Smith's  Latin  Dictionaries  (4,000) ;  Lord  Derby*8 
Homer  (400) ;  Mrs.  Markham*8  Histories  (10,000)  ;  Dais 
win's  Origin  of  Species  (400) ;  Lyell's  Principles  of  Geo- 
log>'  (300);  Dr.  Smith's  Greek  Course  (5^000);  Dr. 
Smith's  Latin  Course  (15,000);  Maine  on  Andent  Law 
(400) ;  Dean  Stanley's  Historical  Works  (1,200) ;  Mr. 
Smiles's  Self  Help '  (2,800) ;  Murray's  Select  Reprints 
(1,200);  Dr.  Smith's  Smaller  Histories  (8,500);  Mnrray*8 
Series  of  Students'  Manuals  (11,000). 

Rev.  Cii.vules  J.  Robinsotv,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Norton 
Canon  and  Chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Caithness,  announces 
for  publication  (by  subscription:  to  subscribers 201.,  to- 
non-subscribers  25s.)  "  A  History  of  the  Castles  of  Here- 
fordshire and  their  Lords,  from  the  Norman  GonaoMt 
to  the  Present  Time."  The  work  will  be  printed  in  oemy 
4to,  and  illustrated  with  twenty-five  engravings. 

Philological  students  will  be  glad  to  hear  that  the 
First  Part  of  a  third  etlition  of  F.  Diez's  **  Grammatik 
des  Komanischen  Sprachen"  has  just  been  published. 


BOOKS    AND    ODD    VOLUMES 

WANTED   TO   PURCHASE. 

Particulnrn  of  Price,  &r.,  of  the  fullowlnt;  Books  to  be  Mnt  dUcei  !»- 
tliu  uciitlcmcu  by  whom  tliey  aro  required,  wliose  nunei  and  ■ddi—ti 
ntf  trivou  fur  that  imrposc:  — 
UoiiKftTSOx'fl    IIisToav  OK    S(!OTi.AXD.    Snull  folio  edition,  HW. 

PriutMl  by  A.  Millar,  Strund.    S  Vol*.    Vol.  II.  wanted  to  DB7,or 

Vol.  I.  til  Mill. 

Wonted  by  J//-.  J.WlUon  Holme,  DownBvrood,  Ucckcnhmm,  Kent 


Vol.  ir. 


Soltiiky's  Commox-Pi.ack  Book. 
DiiiniN's  Tyi*<K!U.vimiipal  Antiquities. 

UUIUKSS  OK  VKIINON  HaU.. 

Wanted  by  ^Vtvwr*.  K.  Cluhir  ^  St>H,  Derbjr. 

llASTKD'H  HlSTOnY  OF  KKXT.     4  Voh. 

Hu)MKFiklo'h  History  ok  Noiikolk.   5  VoR 

liYSON'S'S  MAOXA  BitlTANXIA.     10  Vol>. 
IIOARR'S  IICXOEUFOROIAXA. 
WIIITAKKR'8  IllHTORY  OK  WlIALLKY. 

Cravkx. 

GocGii'rt  Ski'CTX-hral  M«)xi-M1XTS.    5  Voln.folio. 

Wanted  by  Jir.  ITiomru  lifet,  Bookaellcr,  16,  CondiUt  Stiwt* 

Bond  Street.  W. 


iiatitti  ta  €avxtipov(titnti. 

TTxiYKRSAL  CATAnooUB  OF  ART  BOOKS.  All  AdJittons  <mi  OOT- 
rfrtiuim  fhould  be  adflrantfd  to  the  Editor^  South  KeHtuigtom  Jf ■>■■■« 
Lonilou,  W. 

J  (J.  C!lifX'«>TT.  The  tcm/j*  of  Bithop"*  Mng,  MliohilM  entered,  art 
r^rtninlv  t"  '»<•  f-tin'l  in  The  Tamlnjr  <»f  the  Shrew.  Act  II.  Sc  l,iBMrr 
IVtrwhio  «!»/*, "/  pray  vou  'i' ;  /  will  attend  her  here,    ^. 

K.  J..  H.  Tkw,  B.  a.  A  Plain  Account  of  the  Nature  ud  EndofOe 
Stwrament  of  the  I^nl's  Supper,  irJTi,  iJi  hy  Btthop  Henj.  UoatO^.  Tm» 
V'ofk  gave  rUte  to  a  keen  controversy. 

\ KM10RR.  H>  muft  re,fer  our  Corrffp'mdent  tn  the  jbntt  '*'«j25?l 
ral  IwteseA  to  "  N.  &  Q."/;"-  particulart  rtnttrcttt^  the  preteni  aztMMCc 
I  If' the  Order  of  St.  John  qfJernnnlan. 

ir.  ntnnot  do  fteiter  th,nt  cmnult  and  inv^rdljf  dUfest  Hmgk  Bloir^M 
l^'turei  ou  Rhetoric  and  Bclle«  I<etlreh. 

Cu^RT.KH  F.  IlKfTLKiKiK.  TweJre.  a rticirt  OH  ^ubU  Christian  i 
upitcnre'l  in  t/te  Seonil  Series  q/"  "  N.  &  Q." 

K    \   Cox.    St.  PauTn  suppowd  vifit  tn  Itritain  has  6ee» 
"  X.'  &  Q."  2nd  S.  Tii.  90,  IM,  m.  319,  W?.  4«»  xl.  MO. 

CAiT.  JonxsTOX.  K.N.    The.  vretended  n$  well  an  lAe  rrol  Smem 


Pure  trill  bi'  J'liund  tigurinfj  «» 

A  Bold  Stroke  fi>r  a  Wife.  Act  V.  8c.  1. 


r.  pretenaea  a§  veti  an  mb  rrm 
rharcw.te.nt  in  Mr$.  Centiivnft 


J.  M.  P.  .1  lift  of  the  KngVuk  Sertn  appeartJ  tn  "  N.  ft  Q. 
■40, 113.  For  the  oOicial  numlter*  of  each  aeuonnnatum  Mi  tM 
Rellelotw  Wtjrship.  A.l).  1858. 

KTiiKi..    The  Aftcnflow  i.inoft.^  u'a»  pMishei  bp  Smilk 
at  'if. 

"  NoTKJi  4:  QuKRiKs"  U regittercd (br  tnMmlniM 


N.ftQ.'*4lh8.i. 


4«»  S.  IV.  Nov.  27,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


445 


LONDON,  SATURDAY,  NOVEMBER  27,  1869. 

CONTENTS.— No  100. 

NOTES :  —  Filz- Harry  (Ph.) :  "  Promised  Seed.**  1647, 445  — 
John  Hardyni?,  the  Chronicler,  446 —  A  w>s:  Argeioa,  76. 

—  Lurch:  a  Fragment  on  Shaksperean  Glossaries,  447  — 
Origin  of  tlie  Word  "  Asmoncan    —  A  Printer's  Apology 

—  The  Union  Jack  Hoisted  at  Half-Staff  in  Newfound- 
land in  18o7  —  Portsmouth  Land  Fortifications :  Hilsea 
Lines  —  A  Plea  for  Grammar  —  Quotation  found,  448. 

QUERIES:  —  Angels'  Music:  Saint  DunsUn  —  Blewitt. 
Parry,  Whitakor  —  Richard  Crasbaw  and  his  Patrons,  Ac. 
Delamare  and  Milbourno  Families  —  (Ecumenical  or  Ecu- 
menical—Epitaph  —  Was  Giannoiio  ever  excommunicated  ? 

—  Heraldic  —  Holland  Sleeves  —  Andrew  Lawrence  —  Sir 
Thomas  Lombe  —  John  Lucas,  Abbat  of  Waltham  —  David 
Mallook  —  Merian  and  Krause  —  "  Not  Paul,  but  Jesus  '* 

—  Pass  Plaques  — St.  John —  Portrait  of  Dr.  Watts  — 
Whipultre,  450. 

Qdbribswith  AK8WBE8:— Jenner  Families  — "Hermann 
von  Unna"— "Lines  on  sceiitg  Archbishop  Williams's 
Monument "  —  George  Day,  Printer  —  John  Andrewe  — 
Sir  Wm,  Sidney  Smith  — Anne  Askew  —  Marie  Taglioni 

—  Abbots  of  Reading—  Spills  —  Robert  Mackay,  452. 

REPLIES:  —  Oueen  Elizabeth  and  Freemasonry.  454  — 
Cornish  and  Welsh,  456  —  Pons  Bandusite,  458  ~  Erse 
Words  denoting  the  Moon.  lb,—  Guild  of  Masons  at  Fa- 
versham  Ablwy,  460  — Cockney  Rhyme,  461  — M.  Molza  — 
Family  of  Havard  —  Old  French  Words  —  Labouring 
under  a  Alistake  —  "Prison  Pietie"  and  Samuel  Speed 

—  Steam-ships  Predicted  —  Earliest  Specimen  of  Paper  — 
The  Bibliography  of  Archery  —  Joseph  Ruffini,  the  Author 
of  "  Doctor  Antonio ' '  —  Poem  on  the  Potato  —  **  Toujoun 
Perdrii"—  Low  Side  Windows— Wy veil  Family  — Lageua 

—  Quotation,  Ac,  461. 

Notes  on  Books,  Ac. 


FITZ-HARRY  (PII.) :    "  PROMISED  SEED,"  1647. 

I  posseea  a  small  volume  with  the  following 
title,  which  appears  to  be  unnoticed  by  bibliogra- 
phers, nor  do  I  find  the  author's  name  in  any 
biographical  or  bibliographical  work  :  — 

"  The  Promised  Seed,  or  the  History  of  the  Incarna- 
tion, Birth,  and  first  Yner's  Life  of  our  most  blessed  Lord 
and  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  In  wav  of  an  Heroicall  Poem, 
By  Ph.  ritz-Harry,  Gent.  Isa.  vii.  14,  'Behold  a  Vir^'in 
shall  conceive  and  shall  bear  a  Son,  and  shall  call  his 
name  Immauuel.'  London  :  Printed  by  Fr.  Neile  for 
Hcnrv  Sevle,  over  ajcain.^t  St.  Dunstan's  Church  in  Fleet 
Street,  1047."  rimo. 

Title  and  preliminary  matter  twelve  pages,  re- 
mainder ninety- live.  The  book  is  dedicated  by 
Henry  Seyle,  the  publisher,  to  James  Duke  of 

York  : — 

"  The  author  of  this  inp:cniou3  poem  not  finding  it  con- 
venient in  this  conjuncture  of  time  to  wait  upon  your 
Highness  in  person,  makes  bold  to  do  so  by  his  proxie. 
By  nic  he  humbly  doth  present  to  your  Ilighnessc  hands 
this  fullowini^  K.s>ay,"  Ac. 

Then  follows  a  very  interesting  "  Preface  to  the 
Chris»tian  and  ingenious  TJeader,"  by  the  author, 
in  which  lie  "iivos  a  nhort  histors'  of  sacred 
poetry  ;  and  al'ter  noticing  the  earlier  writers,  he 

continues  : — 

'*  With  like  sucoes>c  have  others  laboured  in  this  kinde 
in  those  later  iiL;«s.  The  Seigneur  du  Bartas  amongst 
the  Freneli,  G^o.  Buchanan  aniong>t  the  Scots,  and  one 
of  uur  uwn  counlre\  men  ot*  name  and  credit  have  left  as 


many  evident  and  fair  examples  how  compatible  poetry 
may  be  with  sacred  stone.  What  Muae  more  fluent  and 
divine  than  that  of  Greo.  Sandys  in  his  Paraphrase  of 
David*8  Psalms  ?  More  easie  and  familiar  than  that  of 
Quarles  ?  More  stately  and  sublime  than  Phinees  Eleti- 
ticus  ?  What  work  more  excellently  digested  than  Alex- 
ander Rosses  canto  out  of  Virgils  work,  in  which,  as  one 
Ausonius  made  him  loose  and  wanton,  he  hath  made 
that  heroic  poet  wholly  evaugelicall  ?  . . . .  Amongst  these 
tumults  and  distempers  of  war,  wherein  1  have  been 
onely  of  the  suffering  party,  I  sought  that  safety  to  the 
privacie  of  a  sweeter  streat  which  I  experimentally  had 
found  could  not  be  got  in  fenced  cities,  or  places  of  more 
publick  and  known  resort.  And  in  middle  of  these 
tumults,  took  some  intermissions  to  ease  my  minde  by 
such  diversions  as  either  the  inclinations  of  my  naturau 
genius  or  bias  of  my  former  studies  did  dispose  me  tou 
And  at  the  last,  I  know  not  by  the  motion  of  what  good 
spirit  but  snre  I  trust  upon  the  motion  of  the  blessed 
spirit,  who  as  he  breatheth  where  he  listeth,  so  can  he 
quicken  where  he  pleaseth,  I  fell  upon  the  present  argu- 
ment, in  prosecution  of  the  which  I  hope  1  have  done  no 
dishonour  to  the  Holy  Ghost  nor  to  the  blessed  subject 
whereof  I  write.  I  know  it  is  somewhat  of  the  latest  in 
this  dediuing  time  of  my  life  and  studies  to  look  for  any 

E raise  or  applause  from  men,  in  a  performance  of  this 
ind  in  the  way  of  poetrie ;  wherein  I  could  never  boast 
myself  to  have  been  fortunate  in  the  most  flourishing 
days  of  my  wits  and  fancies.  .  .  ..  One  great  want  is  that, 
li^g  as  I  do  remote  from  books  and  men,  I  could  not 
help  myself  or  enrich  my  fancies  with  such  poetical  de- 
scriptions and  flowers  of  rhetorick  as  might  both  have 
enlarged  and  adorned  the  work,  but  was  enforced  to  fashion 
it,  as  thou  seest  it  now,  out  of  the  native  strength  of  my 
brain  and  memory,  which  makes  it  come  into  the  world 
with  such  imperfections  as  the  want  of  all  those  helps  and 
ornaments  may  expose  it  to.'* 

The  versification  of  Fitz-Harry,  if  that  were 
the  real  name  of  the  author,  is  very  harmonious. 
The  poem  is  written  in  lines  of  ten  syllables,  with 
an  occasional  insertion  of  shorter  metres.  As  a 
fair  specimen  of  the  average  ^ualit}'  of  the  verse, 
I  will  give  part  of  his  description  of  the  Virgin 
Mary,  and  the  first  and  last  stanzas  of  the  Virgin's 
Lullaby  to  the  infant  Saviour :  — 

^  Mild  are  her  looks  and  winning,  yet  severe, 
Not  courtly  in  her  garb  nor  yet  austere. 
Her  lips  drop  wisdom.    Every  word  so  weigh 'd  • 
That  when  she  speaks,  she  speaks  as  one  afraid 
Lest  any  then  should  passe  which  may  not  be 
Seasoned  with  grace  and  grac'd  with  modesty. 
Her  thoughts  so  void  of  earth  and  earthly  toycs 
So  wholly  fixt  npon  celestial  joyes 
That  even  her  mirth,  her  dreames,  her  very  cares^ 
Are  more  in  heaven  than  other  women's  prayers. 
In  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  is  there  none 
Whom  both  the  saints  and  angels  joyn'd  in  one 
To  make  complete,  but  she.    A  samt  for  grace 
She  seems  to  be,  an  angel  in  her  face. 
So  pure  without,  so  sanctified  within. 
There  is  no  room  for  folly,  Icsse  for  sin." 

**  Be  still  my  Babe  and  take  thy  rest, 
Afilict  not  thus  thy  mother*s  breast. 
Secure  art  thou  from  tyrant  fell, 
And  from  the  dreadful  powers  of  hell. 
Then  do  not  crie, 
No  foe  is  nigh. 
And  God  looks  on  thee  from  on  high, 
j  ^7,  by,  by,  Inllaby." 


KOTES  ANB  QUERIES. 


i**B.iv.vor,tr,'mi 


"  Oh  then  l7«  gUn  m]'  Babie  sweet, 
Tbon  on  my  knew,  I  at  tbj  ft«. 
Diair  tboa  thr  hands  ^m  off  my  breast 
Whilea  I  an  thy  fair  eyea  do  feast. 
Drop  not  a'  tore, 


a  Cad  wiYA  u 


JOHN  HARDYNG,  THE  CHEONICLER. 

I  hnre  recently  met  with  a  document  of  Bomc 
interest  lelatiiig  to  John  IlardyDK  the  ch^onicle^, 
which,  altbougn  dted  bj  Sit  Henrj  Ellis  in  n 
foot-nota  in  ilia  prefnce  to  Hardyng's  ChronicU-, 
appears  nevei  yet  to  have  been  exnmiiied  witli 
atteutioa.  The  mdn  purport  of  this  documeot  i;., 
indeed,  correctly  enouch  given  by  Ellis  as  being  a 
srant  of  a  pension  of  twenty  pounds  a  year'for 
fife,  charged  upon  the  reTenuea  of  the  county  of 
lancoln;  and  from  its  connection  with  another 
document  -which  he  has  printed  at  full  length 
(Piotace,  pp.  lii.  liii.),  it  ib  sufficiently  apparent 
that  this  annuity  was  conferred  upon  him  for 
his  services  in  obtaining-  from  the  Scots  a  num~ 
ber  of  documents  relating  to  the  homage  of  the 
Scotch  hing|S.  But  it  appears  hitherto  to  havt 
escaped  notice  that  in  ootaining  these  the  chro~ 
nlcler  sustained  seTere  personal  injuries,  and  re^ 
turned  from  bis  hazardous  mission  "  non  absque 
mahemio  incurabili,"  in  other  words,  maimed  for  i 
lif&  This,  it  will  be  seen,  is  expressly  stated  ae. 
one  of  his  cl^ms  on  the  royal  benevolence.  The  I 
fact,  indeed,  that  he  bad  received  such  an  injury  I 
is  alluded  to  by  Hardyng  himself  in  his  Chronicle  I 
(p.  431),  but  the  occasion  is  here  distinctly  I 
pointed  out. 

Another  point  of  aome  interest  contained  in  the  | 
patent,  is  the  statement  that  Hardyng  wss  offered  . 
a  thousand  marks  by  James  I.  if  be  would  give  I 
the  documents  up  ngnin.  To  this  also  there  is 
some  allusion  in  -the  Chronicle.  The  following  is 
A  copy  of  the  grant  as  it  appears  on  the  patent 
roll  of  86  Henry  VI.,  part  1,  memb.  8  ;  ~  I 

"Pro  Jofiamie  Hurdgng. — Rex  omnlbna  ad  quos,  &c.  i 
salatem.  Sdatis  quod  not,  intime  considerantea  qualit«r  ; 
Johannea  Hardyng  de  inimicis  noatria  Scofias  certaa  evi-  j 
(Isnciaa  at  lileras  palenlea  Davidis  eX  Eoborti  quondam 
Kegum  Scotia  ji\9  noBtrum  Buperior[Lt]atia  el  supremi 
domini  [il  regni  Scolim  concernentes,  in  qnibus  pradicli  ' 
David  et  Kolwrtup,  regta  ha-rodea  ct  ancceasorEa  bui  lenen-  i 
Inr  et  oblicantur  lenere  pra>dictuin  regnum  Scotlie  de  Rc- 

Eibns  Angliso  ifx\  pro  tempora  fUerint  iraperpetuum  per 
omagium  li^um  et  iidelTlatem,  tanquam  dominig  eupe- 
rioribaa  r^ni  Scottx,  non  ihFOue  corporig  eul  pericalu  ct 
mabemio  incarabili    ac  gravibua    expeoais  adqaiaivit ; 

aiaa  qaidem  evldenclas  el  liceras  pitentea  ac  onamplures 
ias  eiidenciaa  notabilea  pnedictam  anperiontatem  nos- 
tram  approbantea,  non  obstante  qnod  Jaeobus  nuper  ' 
Rez  Scotin  pro  eiBdem  aitii  reddendiB  mille  maroaa  ei  de-  | 
diase  opluti^  nobia  liberavic;  De  gratia  noatra  apedili  i 
cOBC««ainiu»  eidem  Jolianni  Hardyng  queodam  annunm  ! 
icdditnm  vigiali  libiamm  ;  bat>endmn,  tenendum  et  per- 


nd  (erminuin  vitM  an  

manue  vicecomilis  comttalui  i .tniwJni—  ^^  pntii 
fucrit  de  r«lditania,flnnt«,  eaitibn^  wiuiuudiialHw^iitt- 
Scuia  at  leventionibna  de  pradielo  eomlcatn  T  InnJifala 
provenieotiboa,  ad  tennlDos  Paaclia  at  Saoetl  Mlnlnnlh 
annaatimperequalefl  pordonM  impUMtailni  i  aUiidaaii 
Hu  conceanionibaa  per  ooa  ant  pragenttorti  ItBStioa  aatas 
aihi  raclis,  aut  aiiqaibus  itatalii  Ajt  onttiulioalbu  CdB- 
ailiia,  revocation  [bus,  rcaampUimibiil^  aut  alili  «uuia  MB 
materiia  quibnscuinqae  in  contrarioa  ftdaldU  Boa  sfc- 
atantibua.    In  eajua,  he. 

"Teate  Rege  apud  IVestmonaateriniii,  x*il}  die  ITo- 

■•  Per  breve  de  private  Si^Uo  ct  do  data  piB- 
dicta,  auctoritate  parllamantl.'' 
Three  days  before  the  date  of  this  patent  t, 
receipt  was  ^ven  to  Hardyng  for  the  doctuncnta 
be  had  obtained  with  so  much  difficulty.  Thii 
receipt  was  in  the  form  of  an  indentun  Mtwrca 
Hardyng  and  the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  m  'txti^ 
surer  of  England,  of  which  indentnre  a  cotmlv- 
part  was  preserved  in  the  Exchequer.  This  is  tlla 
document  above  referred  to  as  printedbyEUia;  bat 
it  is  rather  strangely  described  by  htm  u  an  in- 
denture "  for  deuvering  into  the  Treasury  raflh 
instruments  relating  to  the  homage  M  wen  mBI 
in  his  (Hardyng's)  possession."  The  wotda  of  the 
indenture  itself  bear  witness  that  Hardyng  ftctul^ 
had  delivered  them  by  verbal  order  of  the  Uo& 
In  fact,  any  one  who  will  t^e  the  trouble  to  nA. 
the  document  for  himself  will  perceive  th»t  ttdi 
is  absolutely  its  sole  purport.  Although  in  fbna 
on  indenture,  it  is  not  in  the  least  what  EUis  edb 
it — a  "  contract  " ;  it  is  umply  the  dnplinte jn^ 
served  in  theExchequer  of  a  receipt  given  to  JobD 
Hardyng.  Jaius  GuBDnxB. 


ARCOS :  ARGEIOS. 
It  is  thought  these  words  may  owe  their  otipB 
to  another   cause  than   those  suggested  by  Ht*- 
Oladbxo.ve  and  Mr.  Pictoit  (nnfJ,  p.  S09). 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  in  andent  QreMM, 
M  in  many  other  parts  of  the  world,  there  wwe 
D-existing  races  of  different  complexiona,  or  who 


may   have   bad  distinctive  c 

colours,  and  to  one  or  other  of  these  catiaee  may 

be  ascribed  the  origin  of  the  names  under  Mt^ 

eideration. 

We  know  that  in  Scotland  and  Ireland,  in  Irag 
past  ages,  the  Fion  Oall  and  the  Dha  Qall — thv 
whiteatrangersor  foreigners,  and  theblack—nls;«l 
moi^t  important  parts.  In  their  case  their  distant 
names  have  been  ascribed  to  the  difference  in  dta 
colour  of  their  garments,  as  they  both  came  ftOB 


the  North,  and  it  is  therefore  difficult  ot  imnoH[fal» 

been  anvd^^enca 

their  comj>Iexions,     In  the  case  of  the  Aijjm^ 


(>:>  see  how  there  could  have  b 


liowever,  it   is  highly   probable  that  th^  n 

iiroBo  from  the  whiteness  of  their  complexion!  M 
compared  with  that  of  the  other  inhaUtnta  of 


4«»>  S.  IV.  Nov.  27,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


447 


That  colonists  or  invaders  from  the  East  came 
into  Greece  is  an  historical  fact.  That  they  would 
be  of  a  comparatively  dark  complexion  is  evident. 
That  colonists  or  invaders  from  the  North  also 
came  into  Greece  is  not  an  historical  fact — that  is, 
not  an  expressly  recorded  fact — so  far  as  I  can 
recollect  at  present ;  but,  judging  from  ancient  his- 
tory generally,  it  cannot  be  doubted  that  Northern 
invaders  must  have  come  into  Greece,  and  that 
they  would  be  of  a  comparatively  white  com- 
plexion, and  hence,  it  is  submitted,  would  originate 
their  name  of  the  Argivi,  or  white  men. 

The  colonists  or  invaders  from  the  East,  it  may 
be  remarked,  having  brought  with  them  the  art  of 
writing  and  comparative  civilisation,  the  memoiy 
of  their  arrival  in  Greece  was  thereby  preserved. 
But,  while  the  colonists  or  invaders  from  the 
North  would  be  stronger  and  more  stalwart,  thoy 
would  be  much  further  behind  in  civilisation ; 
and  the  union  of  these  two  elements,  combined 
with  subsequent  culture,  no  doubt  gave  rise  in 
ancient  Greece  to  as  noble,  perhaps  a  nobler,  race 
of  men  than  has  ever  been  seen  before  or  since. 

It  seems  to  be  a  fact,  and  it  is  certainly  very 
curious,  that  the  Greek  word  art/os  meant  both 
strong  and  active,  and  also  idle  or  lazy,  as 
well  as  white.  Now  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
the  white  invaders  from  the  North  would  be 
strong  and  active  ;  but,  being  the  dominant  race, 
they  would  as  a  rule  abstain  from  ordinary  labour, 
and  hence,  in  one  point  of  view,  they  would  be 
regarded  as  lazy.  We  have  an  old  phrase  in 
English  and  Scotch  illustrative  of  this  matter, 
namely  "a  lazy  lurdan,''  meaning  a  lazy  lord 
dane — the  Danes  having  once  dominated  in  this 
country  in  the  same  way  as  the  Arrives  did  in 
Greece ;  but  while  the  Danes  were  in  one  sense 
idle  as  regarded  ordinary  work,  they  were  also  at 
the  same  time  strong  and  active. 

In  determining  the  meaning  of  the  word  Argives 
it  must  be  kept  in  view  — 

1.  That  there  were  two  or  three  cities  in  Greece 
of  tlie  name  of  Argos,  showing  the  Argives  to 
have  been  widely  spread  over  that  country. 

1?.  That  Argeus— a  name  in  all  probability  con- 
nected with  the  Argives — was  the  appellation  of  a 
king  of  Macedonia — a  fact  indicative,  it  is  thought, 
of  the  Argives  having  at  least  come  from  the 
northern  into  the  southern  parts  of  Greece,  how- 
ever much  further  north  they  may  have  originally 
come  from. 

3.  That  the  wind  known  by  the  name  of 
Argestis  was  also  known  by  the  name  of  Leuco- 
notus— the  syllables  Arg  and  Leuco  having  evi- 
dently the  same  meaning.  There  i^,  it  appears, 
some  doubt  as  to  which  direction  this  wind  blew 
in,  whether  from  north-west  or  south-west ;  but, 
considering  that  it  was  held  to  be  a  cold  wind,  it 
must  have  come  from  the  north-west;  and  it 
is  perhaps  a  point  for  remark,  that  taking  into 


account  how  Greece  lies,  the  Argives  must  on  our 
theory  have  come  in  the  same  (Orectioa.  In  any 
point  of  view,  the  convertibility  of  Argestis  and 
Leuconotus  into  each  other  shows  the  meaning  ot 
I  the  syllable  Arg. 

I      4.  That  the  Leucosyri,  a  people  of  Cap}>adocia, 
I  had  their  name  from  the  whiteness  of  their  com- 
plexions— being  a  case,  in  ancient  times,  strictly 
analogous  to  that  of  the  Argives.    And 

5.  That  in  the  United  States  and  elsewhere  in 
the  present  day  we  have  also  analogous  case^^  as 
we  there  find  whites,  coloured  men,  and  blacks  or 
negroes ;  and  they  are  so  called,  though  not  per- 
haps so  exclusively  so  as  the  Argi  or  Argives 
were  called  by  their  name. 

On  the  various  grounds  now  advanced,  and  also 
judging  from  the  close  relationship  between  the 
Greek  and  English  languages,  it  is  submitted  that 
the  Argives  were  a  race  of  Northern  and  more  spe- 
cifically of  Teutonic  extraction  )  and  that  the 
word  Ar^os,  as  the  name  of  their  towns,  must 
have  originated  from  the  name  of  the  people,  and 
not,  as  commonly  supposed,  the  name  of  the 
people  from  that  of  their  towns.  May  Arg-os 
not  have  meant  the  house  of  the  Argi,  just  as  we 
find  numerous  analogous  instances  in  Palestine 
in  Beth\^h.Qm,  Bethsfdd&y  and  so  on  ? 

IIexbt  Kllgovb. 
Ediaburgh. 

LURCH :  A  FRAGMENT  ON  SHAKSPEREAN 
GLOSS ARI ES.  (Ed,  Rev,  No.  265.) 

CoMiNi us.    [On  Coriolanos]    "  His  pupil-  age 
Man-enter'd  thus,  he  waxM  like  a  sea ; 
And,  in  the  bmnt  of  seventeen  battles  since, 
He  lure/I'd  all  swords  of  the  garland." 

CoriolanuM^  act  2,  tcene  2.    Ed.  Dyce. 

The  reviewer,  after  the  above  quotation,  and  a 
short  paragraph  in  which  he  remarics  that  the  verb 
lurch  *'  deserves  a  little  special  iUu^atum,**  adds 
that  Malone  misinterprets  it,  and  that  Mr.  Dyce 
approves  the  misinterpretation.  I  was  amazed  at 
this  twofold  censure.  I  cannot  discover  any  cir- 
cumstance that  might  seem  to  j  ustify  it.  Whether 
a  misconception,  or  a  metamorphosis,  or  a  slip  of 
the  pen,  shall  be  left  to  experts  in  the  solution  of 
such  problems.  I  shall  first  call  attention  to  the 
verb  lurchf  as  the  illustration  of  Shakspere  is  of 
more  importance  than  the  notions  of  the  review- 
writer,  lie  proceeds,  rather  soberly,  thus : ''  Both 
noun  and  verb  were  in  use  among  the  Eliza-^ 
BETHAN  writers  in  the  sense  of  seizure,  robbery,, 
and  it  is  the  more  importimt  to  illustrate  thi»- 
meaning  as  the  noun  m  wholly  unknown  to  our- 
lexicographersy  This  bold  assertion  led  me  to* 
pause.  A  query  then  arose— a  significant  query- 
Con  he  prove  itf  I  soon  came  to  an  oppoaiter 
conclusion.  Here  is  a  banquet  of  word-ranties— > 
and  he  is  at  liberty  to  partake  of  it  a  son  dwLt  .*— 

"  To  lurch,  Snbdaco,  sabtraho^  sarripio— ^  lurch,  Dv- 
plex  palms,  fadlis  victoria.— iTe  was  kft  in  the  hardi. 


448 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ik  8.  IV.  Hot.  17,  W. 


Sub  cnltro  idictiu  eet. — Lwrchtd,  Dnplid  pignoro  multa- 
tua,  facilfe  victos. — A  lurching,  Duplicis  victoriio  rcpor- 
Utio.** 

The  storehouse  whence  the  above  samples  were 
drawn  was  established,  under  royal  sanction,  about 
three-score  years  after  the  death  of  Elizabeth  ; 
and|  even  at  this  time,  the  articles  are  as  sound, 
aa  wholesome,  and  as  savory,  as  are  the  articles 
prepared  by  Crosse  and  BlackwelL 

The  quiet  pursuit  of  philology  must  now  give 
place  to  criticism  and  controversy ;  essential  parts 
of  modem  literature,  for — 

**  Some  cany  Ules,  all  in  the  telling  grows, 
And  every  author  adds  to  what  he  knowa.** 

We  read,  for  example,  that  Mr.  Dvce  approves  a 
misinterpretation  I  Here  is  the  /act:  Air.  Dyce 
reports  two  successive  opinions  of  Malone,  and 
reserves  his  own  conclusion.  I  wish  he  had  given 
the  apt  note  which  follows:  ''Ben.  Jonson  has 
the  same  expression  [lurch  etc.]  in  the  Silent 
Wotnan; — you  have  lurch' d  jovlt  friends  of  the 
better  half  of  the  garland." — Steevens. 

The  defence  of  another  editor  is  all  that  remains 
to  be  attempted,  and  this  also  must  be  carried  out 
cm  a  miniature  scale.  It  was  the  cherished  object 
of  Malone  to  give  a  faithful  and  correct  edition  of 
the  plays  and  poems  of  Shakspere,  and  his  success 
in  procuring  the  reqtdsite  materials  is  proved  by 
the  collection  preserved  at  Oxford.  He  made  due 
use  of  his  materials.  In  1778  he  contributed 
notes  to  the  Shdkspeare  of  Johnson  and  Steevens : 
and  in  1780  he  edited  a  Supplement  to  that  edi- 
tion, in  two  volumes  8o.  In  1700  he  edited,  as 
an  AHATEUB,  the  Plays  and  Poems  of  William 
Shakspeare,  tvith  the  corrections  and  illustrations  of 
various  commentators^  in  ten  volumes  8o. — com- 

E rising  6800  pages  in  small  type.  It  was  the 
ibour  of  eight  years  I  Coriolantis  is  contained  in 
the  seventh  volume  of  this  edition.  The  note  of 
Malone  runs  thus :  "  To  lurch  is  properly  to  pur- 
loin ;  hence  Shakspeare  uses  it  in  the  sense  of  to 
deprive,'*  He  also  quotes  as  an  authority  Tho. 
Nashe,  1694.  I  could  almost  call  this  a  model- 
note. 

The  tenth  volume  contains  many  additional 
notes.  We  have  one  on  lurch.  It  seems  to  have 
been  written  at  two  periods.  Malone  says,  "  I 
mtspect  I  have  not  rightly  traced  the  origin  of  this 
phrase.  To  lurch — sigmiied  to  tcin  a  maiden  set 
at  cards,  etc.''  He  does  not  prove  it.  He  cites 
Florio :  Gioco  marzo.  A  maiden  set,  or  lurch,  at 
any  game" — but  he  does  not  add  one  jot  of  re- 
cantation. He  then,  in  accordance  with  the 
MODEL-NOTE,  sums  up  as  foUows :  — 

"Sec  also  Cole's  [Elisha  Colo**]  Latin  Diet.  1670:  A 
lurch,  duplfx  jHilmn^  facilis  victoria.  *  'J\>  lurch  all  swords 
of  the  garland  *  therefore  was,  to  i^ain  from  all  other  war- 
riors the  wreath  of  victor^*,  with  case  and  incou testable 
superiority." — Malonk,  1*79<J. 

**  Whcii  Spayne  would  sceptres  lurch.    [\V.  Warner.] 


To  lurch  all  swords  of  the  gmrlandt  meaai 

ooly  to  rob  all  swords  of  the  gariaod,  bat  to 

Arom  them  with  an  easy  and  vietorioiu  fwoop."' 
Rev.  1869. 


tlMNfiwi  not 


eairy  It  a 


TTttawar 


I  request  particular  attention  to  this  mitrhliwi 
instance  of  parallelism  I  It  appears  that  the  aola- 
tion  of  a  Snaksperean  problem,  published  bj  an 
author  of  note  in  1700,  may  be  unfairly  stated, 
denounced  as  a  miwUerpretation,  and  ze-produoed 
by  the  same  critic  as  a  discovery,  and  as  a  tpmdtd 
illustration,  in  1809. 

BOLTOK  COBXIT. 
Barnes,  S.  W.  20  Nov. 


Osionr  OF  the  Word  '^  AsMOKXAir.'* — We 
are  usually  told  by  writers  on  Jewish  historyi 
that  the  word  ^  Asmonean,''  applied  to  the  Je^diui 
princes  of  the  race  of  the  Maccabees,  is  derived 
from  one  Asmonasus,  the  ancestor  of  the  family. 
I  apprehend,  however,  that  this  same  AsmonsBasii 
merely  a  mythic  personajg^  invented  by  Josephiia 
to  account  lor  an  appellation  the  meaning  of  wnieh 
he  did  not  understand. 

Mattathias  of  Modin,  a  priest  of  the  sons  of 
Joarib,  was  the  first  distinguished  person  of  the 
family ;  and  of  him  we  read  in  1  Maccab.  iL  1, 
that  he  was  the  son  of  John,  who  was  the  son  of 
Simeon.  Josephus,  improving  upon  his  author, 
tells  us  that  Simeon  was  the  son  ofAitnotunu; 
but,  having  very  littie  respect  for  the  auti^oritr  of 
Josephus  as  to  events  previous  to  his  own  tuns^ 
I  hold  this  addition  of  the  Jewish  historian  to  be 
a  mere  unauthorised  interpolation.  Bean  Fri- 
deaux,  it  is  true,  tells  us  (yonnex,  iL  413)|  that 
the  family  had  the  name  of  Asmoneans  from  thli 
^Vsmonteus,  but  it  seems  to  me  that  a  much  moie 
authentic  derivation  may  be  suggested. 

On  referring  to  the  Chaldee Sictiof^ary^ot  Behut' 
tian  Munster,  we  find  the  word  ^d^J^DSTly  which 
bo  explains  as  follows :  —  "  Machabni,  sic  a  Ohal- 
doeis  vocantur."  The  word  is  Syro-Cha]daiC|  the 
language  spoken  by  the  Jewish  people  after  their 
return  from  the  captivity.  The  Hebrew  and  Azm- 
mean  Cheth,  or  Hheth,  seems  to  have  been  a 
softer  aspiration  than  the  Greek  x ;  and  therefore 
the  Greeks  seldom  express  the  Semitic  letter  by 
X,  but  either  indicate  it  by  the  aspirate  ',  or  omit 
it  altogether.  If  we  seek  for  the  oerivation  of  the 
word   'W^O^n  we  shall  find  it  in  the  Syriac 

^OIXLkj  ,  zclavit.  It  is  simply  equivalent  to  the 
(ireek  friKcorfis,  a  zealot  [for  the  law],  IIow  *hia 
title  came  to  be  given  to  Mattathias  and  his  soo- 
cessors  we  can  easily  discern  from  the  narrative  in 

1  Maccab.  ii. : — Kol  tUe  Marra9ias  koI  li^\uir§  (y.24). 
— Kal  ifijKoiat  r^  v6fuip  (v.  26). — Ilaj  dh}AMr  rm  p4mm 

(V.  27). 

I  am  not  aware  that  this  derivation  has  been 
previously  sug<^eeted ;  but  if  I  am  in  error  on  thif 


"S.  IT.  Sov.  27,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


449 


A  Printer's  AroLOSY. — In  Arthur  Hopton's 
Saci-lrm  Ocotlatin-in :  or  the  Geodeticali  Stafe, 
printed  at  London  "by  Nicholaa  Okea  for  Simon 
Wntcrson,  dwelling  at  the  aigne  of  tlie  Crowne  in 
S.  Pnuls  Churchyard,  1610,''!  find  the  following 
poetical  npology  from  the  printer,  cravinft  the 
reader's  indulgence  for  a,  list  of  errata  extending 
to  forty-four  linoa  of  ininion  type :  — 


Wh( 


Then  tiarJnii'liere,  sich  faulIB  lliat  do  bef«!l 
The  ueit  edition  makea  anienda  for  all." 

The  "next  edition"  has  not  yet  appeared,  and 
is  now,  perhaps,  further  oli'than  ever. 

W.  E.  A.  A. 

Jovnson  Street,  Slrnngeways. 

The  Usios  Jack  hotrtbd  at  Half-Stapf 
IN  NnwFODKDLASn  IN  ]ft>7.— In  the  year  18.57  a 
conTenlion  'wa^  si^ed  on  January  14,  in  London, 
between  the  En-^lisb  and  French  Goseromenta. 
By  this  treaty  tlio  people  of  France  obtained  the 
right  of  fishing  in  tlio  Straits  of  BuUe  iale,  Labra- 
iloT.  Theio  maa  a  clause  inserted  in  this  docu- 
ment, that  the  conitent  of  the  Newfoundland 
Leirislature  wm  to  be  obtained  in  order  to  make 
it  law,  and  accoidin^ly  it  was  tranamitted  to  the 
colony  for  the  above  reason.  Upon  its  arrival  in 
St.  John's,  the  inhabitants  didnotregard  itaabeno- 
ficinl  to  their  interests ;  in  fact  it  was  considered 
ruinous.  Ity  this  arrangement  the  French  nb' 
tained  privilefres  which  were  not  contemplated  in 
the  former  troatics.  The  colonists  were  in  a  greai. 
fvrraent  and  a  public  meetinfr  was  convened,  which 
wafl  held  in  front  of  tlie  Colonial  Building,  when 
tlii.i  treaty  wa.^  denounced  in  strong  ternia  as  being 
very  di'trimentnl  to  the  interests  of  Newfound- 
land— whereupnii  one  of  the  popular  li'adera  pro- 
p«w;d  to  hoiflt  the  "I'nion  Jack"  half-mast  ori 
t\v-  top  of  tile  Colonial  Building.  This  proposition 
wii''  cflrrii'd.  and  it  was  accordingly  done.  Br 
doiuf.'  tliis   lliey   adopted   the  precedent  of  thf« 


mode  of  showing  dinileBaure  was  Tesorted  to  by 
l')n^Iisb  subjects  in  North  America.   This  strange 
incident  is  wall  dewrring  a  comer  of  "  N.  &  Q. 
Ebwakd  Pebceval. 

Blooms  buiy. 

PORTSMODTU    LAXD     FoRTIFICAnONS,    IIlLSKl. 

i.EJKS.  — In  1756  our  forefathers  had  a  alight 
iraxe,  t.  e.  a  dread  of  foi^gn  invasion,  stronB  in 
them,  ^yng  had  been  baffled,  and  Minorca  had 
fallen.  The  French  fleets,  it  was  thought,  woold 
noon  sweep  the  channel,  and  so,  in  addition  to 
.^hooting  Byng  "  pour  encourager  les  autres,"  it 
was  determined,  in  order  to  guard  Portsmoutb 
from  a  coup  de  main  on  the  land  side,  to  construct 
n  moat  and  breastwork  on  Hbe  identical  spot  where 
now  stands  the  modem  Hilsea  lines-  Amonfrat 
the  articles  of  news  in  the  papers  of  August  1768 
wo  find  — 

"  The  govemTnent  have  contracted  fur  the  purcbase  of 
A  field  near  the  forta  at  Portabridge,  to  build  barracks  for 
1,500  men,  wbich  are  to  be  flnished  in  six  montha;  and  a 
moat  irith  a  lireastvoik  above  two  miles  In  leiwth  is 
ibrowD  up  on  our  land  aide,  on  which  a  great  nnrnbeT  of 
gaaa  will  l>e  mounted,  and  a  neir  and  additional  gata 
'  inade  to  be  prepared  agaioat  any  attack." 

This  moat  and  ditch  was  the  germ  of  the 
I  "  Portsmouth  defences,"  and  just  a  little  more 
'  than    one    century    after,    in  1858,  the   present 


/*-■  r,,, 


riV/-',   (.ie 


:.  p.  302,  Nov.  ] 
,-.  p.  f)7,  Philadelphia. 
June  1. 1771.)  The  it^landera  rejected  this  treaty, 
it  hoiiiir  the  ouly  time  in  colonial  history  of  :i 
treaty  hein^i  entered  iiiti)  by  the  imperial  govem- 
mrnt  tind  a  foreign  power  not  being  ratified  hy  a 
colony.  Tills  convention  was  payment  for  Freccli 
services  in  the  Crimean  expedition.  The  practic- 
of  hoisting  tlie  ensign  half-mast  is  well  known 
to  nautical  men  as  the  si^al  of  distress.  This 
incident  of  18.j7  was  the  third  time  this  primitive 


colossal  earthworks  and  gateways  were  com- 
I  menced,  and  will  probably  be  completed  at  the 
'  end  of  the  present  year.    It  would  be  a  curious 

thing  to  contrast  the  people  of  the  moat  and 

breastwork  of  1756  with  that  of  1809. 

The  barracks  mentioned  were  of  a  very  tem- 

Krary  nature,  and  have  been  long  unce  replaced 
the  excellent  arliUery  barracks  at  Hilsea. 
I    '  R.E.  D. 

Portimoath. 

A  Plea  poe  Gbamhab.  —  From  the  address 
'  lately  presented  to  Dr.  Temple  at  Rugby,  I  cull 
'  the  tollowing  exquisite  specimen  of  ^e  Engliah 
language : — 

"  We,  the  uDdeniRned  iababitanls  of  Rugby,  deaire  to 
offer  our  congratulations  on  the  honour  which  our  Moit 
■    CraewM  Muftity  b 
.  appointiDg  you  to  tt 

Are  they  all  kings  at  Bugby?  I  have  seen  this 
ludicrous  phrase  before  in  provincial  newspaper!, 
but,  I  think,  never  till  now  in  the  productions  at 
scholars  and  gentlemen.  The  writer  of  the  Court 
I  Circular  is  too  fond  of  informing  us  that  Ber 
Majesty  drove  out  this  morning,  without  adding 
whose  Majesty)  hut  hia  ain  againat  grammar  is 
not  to  be  compared  will  that  of  the  right  royal 
inhabitanla  of  Rugby.  IlERKEHTRnDi. 

Quotation  fouitd.  —  Some  years  agi>  I  asked 
your  readera  to  aay  where  are  to  be  found  four 
lines  of  poetry  quoted  by  Mr.  Dunlop  in  his  Hit- 
,  tOTy  of  Soman  Literature.  I  find  that  Mr.  Dtmlop 
I  did  not  quote  the  lines  accurately.    He  cites  them 


450 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  8.  IV.  Nov.  «7,  •«•• 


as  a  statement,  whereas  in  the  original  they  are 
in  the  shape  of  a  precept,  and  run  thus : — 

**  Learn  to  relish  calm  delip^ht, 
Verdant  fields  and  foantain.s  bright, 
Trees  that  nod  on  sloping  hills, 
Caves  that  echo  tinkling  rills. 

They  are  part  of  a  poem  given  in  Mr.  Robert 
Bodsley's  account  of  the  Leasowes.  They  were 
attached  to  a  wooden  seat  in  the  open  air  by 
Shenstone,  and  seem  to  have  been  written  by 
him.  The  poem  is  rather  too  long  for  "  N.  &  Q., 
and,  with  tne  exception  of  these  four  lines,  there 
b  nothing  whatever  remarkable  about  the  poem, 
which  belongs  to  that  class  which  discards  plot, 
plan,  and  even  subject.  .       Thos.  L'Estranoe. 


Angels'  Music:  Saint  Dunstan. — Does  any 
reader  possess  an  English  manuscript  of  the 
Church  Services  with  music  for  the  greater  fes- 
tivalsy  dating  from  the  tenth  to  the  fourteenth 
century  ?  In  the  Chronicle  which  goes  under  the 
name  of  John  Brompton,  there  is  a  curious  pas- 
sage about  a  ''  Kyne,  Kex  splendens,''  sung  to 
Saint  Dunstan  by  angels.  Tnis  kyrie  seems  to 
have  been  in  use  in  the  church  so  late  as  the 
rei^  of  Edward  III.  (the  supposed  date  of  the 
writer);  and  perhaps  later  still.  It  would  be 
curious  now  to  revive  any  piece  of  music  by  Saint 
Dunstan,  but  of  still  greater  interest  to  produce 
this,  which  he  is  said  to  have  heard  in  a  dream, 
sung  by  angels.  The  following  are  the  words  of 
the  Chronicle: — 

*'B6atu8  cciam  Danstanus  scmel  soporatus,  audivit 
spiritos  angelicos,  cum  suavi  nota  *  kynel,  kyriel,'  psal- 
lentes;  cujus  modulos  armonise  adhuc  continet  tropus 
ille  apud  Anglos  faoiosus,  *  Kyrie,  Rex  splendcns,'  qui 
in  Sanctorum  cantari  majoribus  solet  festis."  (Twysdcu's 
Decern  Scriptoret,  p.  878-9.) 

Should  any  reader  possess  a  copy  I  should  be 

much  indebted  for  a  transcript,  and  especially  so 

if  I  might  be  allowed  to  make  it  for  myself. 

Wm.  Chappell. 
Heather  Down,  Ascot. 

Blewitt,  Parry,  Whitaker.— Will  some  cor- 
respondent of  "  N.  &  Q.''  kindly  furnish  me  with 
the  dates  of  the  deaths  of  John  Blewitt,  John 
Parry  (the  elder),  and  John  Whitaker?  All 
three  were  known  as  musical  composers  at  the 
times  of  their  decease,  but  I  have  been  unable  to 
find  the  dates.  Allow  me  to  thank  the  gentlemen 
who  have  replied  to  my  *'  Buffalo  "  query — in 
which  I  hope  there  is  still  some  little  vitality  left, 
by  the  way — and  to  assure  my  friend  Dr.  Rim- 
BAITLT  that  I  am  not  yet  quite  ripe  for  ifiitiation, 
or  whatever  the  grand  introduction  is  called. 

W.  J.  Westbrook. 
Sydenham. 


Richard  Cbashaw  and  hib  Patbovb,  xia — 
Can  any  reader  of  '*  N.  &  Q."  inform  me  where  I 
shall  hnd  a  Memoir  of  Cardinal  Palotta,  iJie 
patron  and  friend  of  the  poet  of  the  Stept  to  ike 
Temple  f  Further,  I  am  anxious  to  know  more  of 
his  bosom-friend  Thomas  Car,  to  whom  Crashaw 
appears  to  have  entrusted  his  manuscripts^  and 
who  is  credited  with  the  publication  of  the  ''  Car- 
men Deo  NostrO;  Te  decet  HymnuSj  &c.."  at  Paria 
in  1652.  Finally,  is  any  thing  Known  of  t£e  printer* 
publisher  of  that  volume,  '*  Peter  Targa,  printer 
to  the  Archbishope  ef  [sib]  Paris,  in  S.  YicUa^B 
streete  at  the  golden  sunne."  In  passing,  I  note 
that  besides  a  fine  copy  with  all  the  ddieate 
engravings,  I  have  anotner  large  paper  with  Uank 
spaces  for  the  engravings.  Is  any  other  copy  m 
tnis  early  state  known  P  A.  B.  QBoaABT, 

St.  George's,  Blackburn,  Lancashire. 

Delaware  and  Milbourne  Fajcilies. — In 
the  Visitation  of  Berkshire  1664-1666  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  arms  then  existing  in  the  upper  win- 
dows of  the  hall  of  Aldermaston  House,  among 
which  were  the  arms  of  Delamare-— Gules  two 
leopards  passant  regardant  argent  collared  azure ; 
impaling  Milbourne,  Gules  a  chevron  between 
three  escallops  argent.  I  shall  also  be  glad  of  any 
information  respecting  this  alliance. 

T.  MiLBOiTiar. 

11  Poultrj-,  E.C. 
O^GUMENICAL     OR    ECUMENICAL.  —  Will    yOtt 

allow  me  to  raise  the  question  which  of  the  two 
spellings  is  the  more  correct  in  English  P  The 
general  rule  which  I  learnt,  when  I  learnt  mleSy 
was  that  whenever  a  word  trom  another  language 
suffered  any  change  of  form,  however  sHgnt^  by 
being  adopted  into  English,  it  always  lost  its  on- 
ginal  diphthonffs,  if  it  had  any.  Ajaodier  way  of 
putting  it  is  tnis : — There  are  no  diphthongs  in 
^English  spelling.  The  nearest  example  that  occurs 
to  me  is  the  word  economy^  where  the  simple  e 
represents  the  Greek  diphthong  ot  and  the  Latin  of. 
AMth  regard  to  ecumenical,  the  dictionaries,  as 
usual,  diifer  among  themselves.  Webster,  how- 
ever, and  Smart  spell  the  word  as  I  have  written 
it,  with  a  simple  e.  And  I  may  add  in  confirma- 
tion of  this  view,  that  Dr.  Smith  in  his  Latm  Die* 
tionary  translates  the  Latin  word  oecumenicus  by 
the  English  ecumefiical,  G.  R.  K. 

EpiTAPn.— Can  any  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q."  kindly 
inform  me  of  the  name  of  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing epitaph,  and  in  what  collection  of  poems 
it  is  to  be  found  P 

"  Birth  is  a  pain  ;  life,  labour,  care,  toil,  thrall: 
In  old  age  strength  fails  ;  lastly,  death  ends  all. 
Whilst  strong  lire  lasts,  let  virtuous  deeds  be  i^own : 
Fruits  of  such  trees  are  hardly  thereby  seoi  or  known 
To  have  reward  with  lastiog^joys  for  ay, 
When  vicious  actions  fall  to  ends  decay. 
Of  wealth  overplus,  land,  money,  stock,  or  store, 
In  life  that  will  relieve  aged,  needy  poor. 


4'»'S.  IV.  Xov. -i/.'OS.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


451 


(Jood  tloeds  defer  not  till  the  funeral  rites  be  past; 

In  lifo-time  what's  done  is  made  more  firm,  sure,  and 

fast ; 
So  ever  after  it  >han  he  known  and  seen 
That  leaf  and  fruit  shall  ever  spring  fresh  and  green." 

1026. 

BiBLIOPOLA. 

Was  Gianxone  ever  excommunicated? — 
Was  Giannoue  ever  exconuuunicaled  for  writing 
certain  passages  in  his  History  of  Naples?  I 
believe  he  was  condemned  by  the  rope,  and  im- 
prisoned or  exiled.  My  reason  for  asking  is  this  : 
I  have  a  MS.  in  my  library  of  which  the  title  is — 

"Trattato  contro  le  Scommuniche  invalide  e  Proibi- 
zioni  dei  libri  che  si  decretano  in  Koma«  scritto  da 
l*ietro  diannone,  (Jiureconsulto  ed  Avvocato  Napoli- 
tano,  coir  occa'^iono  deir  invalide  censure  contro  di  lui 
fulminate  dal  Vicario  di  Xapoli  per  aver  fatto  quivi  im- 
primare  i  libri  del  la  Storia  Civile  di  quel  Regno  senza 
•sua  licenza,  e  della  Proibizione  dc'  medesirai  decretata 
da  Iloma  il  dl  primo  Luglio  1723." 

That  this  work,  Homey  &c.,  was  written  by 
Giannone,  I  think  the  first  line  proves,  viz. : — 

"  La  Storia  Civile  del  Kegno  di  Napoli,  la  quale  presi 
io  a  .scrivere  con  unico  intendimento  di  rischiarare  le 
cose  quivi  accadutc  nel  corso  del  xv  Secolo,"  &c. 

I  do  not  find  that  the  above  work  has  ever  been 
printed.  Tnos.  Phillipps. 

Heraldic.  —  Can  any  of  your  contributors  in- 
form mo  to  whom  this  coat  belongs — viz.  "  Ohequy 
or  and  azure,  on  a  bend  gules,  three  cinqfoils 
argent."  Crest :  an  eagle  displayed  sable  ducally 
gorged  or.  Crowdown. 

TIoLLAXD  Sleeves. — Dr.  Mncent,  a  Fellow  of 
Clare  Hall,  Cambridge,  preached  before  King 
Charles  11.  on  October  7,  1074,  and  it  is  said  that 
the  doctor  appeared  "in  a  long  periwig  and  Hol- 
land sleeves  "  :  that  the  king  was  *' scandalized  at 
it,"  and  directed  the  Chancellor  of  the  University 
"  to  cause  the  statutes  concerning  decency  in 
apparel  to  be  put  in  execution.''  Will  one  of  the 
curre.spondents  of  *'  N.  k  Q."  explain  what  is  to 
be  understood  by  ^'  Holland  sleeves  "  being  worn  ? 
It  is  said  that  the  costume  worn  by  Dr.  Vincent 
was  '*  according  to  the  then  fashion  for  gentle- 
men " ;  and  if  so,  why  should  the  king  have  been 
*'  scandalized  at  it"? 

K.  1).  Dawson-Duffield,  LL.D. 

Seithton  Rectory,  Liverpool. 

Andrew  Lawrence.— In  The  AthetKBum  (Oct. 
10,  ls()l))  id  an  interesting  notice  of  Andrew  Law- 
rt  uce,  whom  the  writer  describes  as  '*  an  almost 
unliuown  English  engraver."  The  particulars  of 
Lis  life  and  works  are  stated  to  have  been  drawn 
tVoin  a  m«Miu)ir  written  in  1785  by  Thomas  Major. 
I  fell  all  feel  oblicred  if  anv  of  your  readers  will 
furnish  me  with  the  exact  title  of  the  memoir 
alludrd  to,  and  also  for  information  whether  Mr, 
Mnjur  (himself  a  celebrated  engraver)  wrote  any 
other  works.  Charles  Wtlte. 


Sir  Thomas  Lombe. — Who  was  the  wife  of 
Sir  Thomas  Lombe,  alderman  of  London,  whose 
daughter  and  coheiress,  Mary  liombe,  married  in 
1749  James,  seventh  £arl  of  Lauderdale?  and 
where  did  Sir  Thomas  die  ?  Y.  S.  M. 

John  Lucas,  Abbat  of  Waltham. — In  1460 
John  Lucas  became  Abbat  of  Waltham,  co.  Essex. 
He  died  1475.  Was  he  related  to  the  Lucas 
family  of  Colchester,  and  where  was  he  buried  P 
I  have  a  rubbing  from  a  monumental  brass  in 
Lofts  Wendon  churchy  Essex,  with  this  inscrip- 
tion upon  it : — 

"Hie  jacent  Wiiiius  Lucas  et  Katerina  Uxor  ejus, 
qaomm  animabus  PPicietur  Dens,  Amen." 

Cole  in  his  MS.  vol.  xxxv.  p.  28,  states  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

**  Under  this  ere  y  Figures  in  Brass  of  4  Sons  and  as 
many  Daughters  (iv«>*  in  the  Sketch  on  y  opposite  Side  I 
have  mede  too  large  in  Proportion),  the  eldest  Son  is 
habited  as  a  Bishop  or  Abbat,  with  a  Mitre  on  his  Head 
&  a  Crosier  in  his  left  hand,  dc  giving  bis  Benediction 
with  his  right :  But  as  there  never  was  a  Prelate  of  that 
name  of  Lucas  except  John  Lucas,  who  was  chosen  Lord 
Abbat  of  Waltham  ab*  1460,  <b  who  died  1475,  this  de- 
termines it  to  be  meant  for  him  :  in  all  probability,  there- 
fore, this  was  his  natiue  Place,  this  account  I  sent  to  my 
Friend  Brown  Willis,  Esq." 

I  should  be  glad  to  know  the  date  of  this  brass. 

W.  Wdttbrs. 
Waltham  Abbey. 

David  Mallock. — Can  any  one  favour  me  with 
any  biographic  particulars  of  i)avid  Mfdlock,  M. A., 
author  of  Immortality  of  the  Soul  and  other  PoemSf 
1832?  Mr.  Mallock  was  a  contributor  to  the 
Border  Magazine,  published  at  Berwick  1831-32, 
and  was,  I  think,  a  graduate  of  Edinburfi^h  Uni- 
versity. K.  INGLIS. 

Merian  and  Kraxjse. — I  shall  be  glad  to  know 
what  are  esteemed  the  chefs-d'osuvre  of  these 
eminent  engravers,  who  severally  flourished  at 
Frankfort  and  Augsburg.  Biblical  Angel  and  Art- 
Work,  by  the  latter,  is  profusely  illustrated  with 
copper- plate  engravings,  highly  imaginative  in 
conception,  and  exquisitely  minute  in  detail.  Is 
this  volume  a  rare  one.  and  has  Krause  executed 
any  works  of  more  importance  or  of  greater 
beauty  P  WiLLLiM  Gaspby. 

Keswick. 

"  Not  Paul,  but  Jesus." — This  work  was  pub- 
lished in  1823  under  the  pseudonym  of  Gamaliel 
Smith,  Esq.  It  has  almost  universally  been  at- 
tributed to  Jeremy  Bentham.  I  have,  however^ 
lately  heard  the  authorship  ascribed  with  much 
confidence,  by  a  gentleman  generally  well  in- 
formed in  such  matters,  to  a  distinguished  Queen's 
I  Counsel  long  retired  from  practice  but  still  living. 
I  have  looked  in  vain  for  any  notice  of  this  book 
in  Sir  John  Bowring*s  Life  and  Works  of  Bentham, 
If  it  really  is  Bentham^  of  which  the  internal 
evidence  is  yerj  strong,  1  cannot  understand  why 


452 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«8.1T.ll6r.l7,Vk 


Sir  John  Bowiiog  sliould  have  omitted  all  mention 
of  it  I 

There  is  anotber  work  atlributcd  to  Bentluun, 
Church  of  Etiylaiiditin  and  iti  Cateehitm — of  tbi^ 
DO  mcnUon  baa  been  made  by  Sir  John  Uowring.  ; 
Ilia  eilenco  upon  tbeso  works  ana  liardly  have  | 
arisen  from  a  desire  to  throw  a  veil  over  Ben- 
tbam's  theological  opinions,  as  tliej  have  been 
generally  well  hnown.  I  think  the  public  bos  a 
claim  upon  the  biographer  (who  must  be  supposed  : 
to  be  well  informed  upon  the  subject)  to  speidf 
out,  and  either  to  acknowledge  or  disown  tnese  | 
wurkaun  the  part  oiUentham.  E.  V. 

VAsi  PL-vauEa, — A  friend  of  mine  has  a  large 
number  of  these  plnquea,  which  are,  I  presume,  too  ' 
well  known  to  need  deecription.  I  shall  be  thank- 
ful to  be  informed  of  the  data,  and  for  what  pur- 
pose they  were  issued ;  also,  the  number  that 
constitutes  a  complete  set.         Cqarles  Wilib. 

Si.  Josk. — Can  any  of  your  correspondenta 
assist  me  with  answers  to  the  following  quee- 

1.  Where  do  we  find  the  earliest  mention  of  i 
the  tradition  that  St,  John  did  not  die,  but  tnnies? 
What  Eastern  fathei-B  mention  it  P 

2.  What  Western  fathers  besides  St,  Augua- 

3.  Does  any  settion  of  tbeC'hureh  hold  it  as  an  I 
article  of  belief  or  aa  a  "  reroivcd  O[)iuion  "  P 

4.  Was  there  ever  any  tradition  ns  to  bis  abode 
while  tarrying  P 

M.  Svoboda,  the  artist  of  the  picture.^  of  the 
Seven  Churches  lately  exhihiled  at  the  German 
Gallery,  Bond  Street,  infornipd  mo  that,  though 
St.  John's  tomb  was  ftai  to  be  in  a  church  (novr 
a  mosque)  at  Ephesua,  called  after  liim  the  Church 
of  the  Hagioa  Thcologus,  yet  that  the  Greeki^ 
believe  ho  was  laid  where  he  fell  aalecp,  in  a  tomb 
on  a  wooded  eminence  near  lOpbc^us.  This  tomb, 
from  which  ha  has  depiirted,  is  now  tilled  with 
■water  from  the  drippiugs  of  tiio  rock,  and  the 
water  drunk  aa  a  specihc  by  peroons  sufl'erin^ 
under  various  ailments. 

I  may  add  that  I  do  not  remember  ever  havinf 
read  of  any  relics  of  St.  John's  body.      M.  E.  U. 

PouTH.MT  OF  Dr.  Watw.— I  Imvo  before  me  a 
proof  of  c;i  engraved  portrait  of  Dr.  'Watta,  ese- 
cnted  appnitntly  about  lwi,>ntv  or  thirty  yenrs 
txo.  II'!  is  ri'presented  with  bis  heaj  turned  to 
the  right.  Tie  has  hand.i,  nnd  holds  a  book  in 
his  hand.  Can  anv  one  tell  me  for  what  work  it 
■was  engi'ared  ?  nn^,  better  still,  from  what  pwnt- 
ing  it  Wiis  taken  P  J.  C.  J. 

WuiPOI.TBE.  —  Some  lime  ago  there  was  an 
iuquirj  about  this  word  in  "  >'.  A  Q."  The  agri- 
cultural implement,  se  to  speak,  to  which  thi. 
t«rm  is  applied  ia  described  to  me  by  an  Essex 
farmer  us  ''  a  piece  of  nsA  about  '2  feet  0  inches 


long,  by  which  horses  draw  a  plough  or  \tx- 
cow."  The  ash  is  evidently  the  tree  intBOdsdbf 
Chaucer  r — 

"  But  ba«  the  lire  was  maken  up  on  bel^U 
And  cko  the  ntmc*,  how  Ihe  trees  hight 
A»  Uke,  tiire,  bectip,  sape,  v Ider,  elme,  popelare, 
Wiliov,  Holm,  riuac,  Boxe,  Chestea,  Unra, 
Maple,  Ihome,  bccb*  [betke?],  ■w^  baid,  WUpnltR^ 
How  tfaC7  were  fdde,  Bhall  not  be  told  tbr  ma." 
[  quote  from  an  old  black-letter  edition,  tha  till* 
page  of  which  is  wanting.    It  is  abotrt  1600  or 
earlier.     As  all  the  common  treea,  savo  tin  Mh, 
are  here  named — excepting  the  lurcli,  for  fridoh 
the  second  beche  may  be  a  miapiint — it  wiaiiii  nw- 
Bonable  to  i-uppose  that  this  is  intended  by  wW. 
pultrf.     Why  are  some  trees  honouredaboYe  with 
a  capital  letter  P  Jiioa  BitUZn. 


(Buctitl  Uitb  SnAtnl. 

Je5xebFauii.ie3.~I  beg  to  make  the  fbllowiig 

Queries:  ~  In  a  Ute  issue  of  the  UtUsart^  CU^ 
lague  of  Worki  on  Art  the  name  of  Thomai 
Jenner  appears.  Would  you  kindly  infbnn  na 
where  I  can  obtain  any  particulars  of  him  P  Ha  it 
!itnted  elsewhere  to  be  author  of  a  poem  on  To- 
bacco, the  refrain  of  which  is,  "  Thus  think,  and 
eraoke  [drink]  tobacco,'' 

In  a  tipeech  in  The  Times  I  note  the  following: 
<'  Of  the  English  churchmen,  Butler,  Paley,  Job- 
ner,  ^V'bately,  and  Daniel  Wilson."  I  cannot  find 
in  any  biographical  work  any  divine  of  ths  nuas 
of  Jeiiner. 

In  "N.  &  Q."  2"-  S.  viii.  288,  ia  a  letter  rf 
Cromwell's  to  Mr.  Joinner  at  Qoldsmith'i  HilL 
This  I  think  should  be  Jenner.  See  Carlyli^ 
Ci'iimcdFi  iMUn  mid  Speecket,  i.  384.  JoBlIK 
was  i^cnihei  for  Cricklade,  and  eat  io  the  Dolia- 
quontj  Committee  at  Goldsmiths*  Hall,  Wonll 
vour  correspondent  AoitACADAiiBa  refer  to  tha 
d  see  if  the  name  has  bew  miuati^ 
B.  J.  F. 

Jciii:er,  the  author  of  the  two  woiki  M- 
Unieerial  Caliiliyue,  wis  liy  trad*  a  baofc- 
seller.  His  lliiui  ou  ■'  Tubac.-o  "  appeaitxl  in  "  Jf. »  V 
2"'  8.  i.  STN.  Fur  a  li^t  of  hii  works  eaanilt  Bahrt 
Loicmkt.  TLucc  were  tlirce  divines  named  Jenner :  (L) 
Cliarlcd  Jcnnei,  rector  of  Cramford  St,  Jehn  is  SmA- 
imptoiuliire.  (_i.)  Tbomas  Jenner,  D.D.  pnabknt  «f 
MsgilHleu  Collvf.'e.  (3.)  Usvid  Jenner,  B.D.,  pnbmda^ 
of  Saruni.  Our  carru^pondent  ABaACADAEKA  dlid  «■ 
June  10,  iaU8.] 

"llKBiiAHN  voM  UsNA."— Who  wu  hs F  Alibi 
Vogler  wrote  an  opera  to  entitled.  H. 

[U'eliave  not  Ijeen  able  to  obtiiu  a  siglit  nf  Ta^H^ 
opcrii,  wliidi  appvan  to  be  taken  fram  Frgfeeeor  S»- 
ulcr'a  rumancG,  cuUtlcd  Ilerman  t^Vtuta:  a  Batitt  e( 
Adventures  ot  liia  FifteeDtb  Ceaturjr,  In  whlck  Ika  p^ 
ceedingi  of  the  Secret  Tribunal,  uadai  Oa  Bafan 


iriginol  a 
ireltiii? 
[Tboma 


4""  S.  IV.  Nov.  27,  •<)?.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


453 


Wine?sl;ius  and  Sij^^i^mon'l,  nro  'Vlineatcd,  3  vols.  1791. 
Tho  Mibjcct  of  thi.-*  v/ork  is  the  loves  of  Herman  and  Ida, 
TIiTinaii,  a  poor  nohlpmnn,  the  page  of  the  Emperor 
Winro.^lau.^,  sees  and  loves  Ida,  the  snppo8e<l  daughter 
cfMiin  tor,  a  ."^tntiiary;  "vvho,  conscious  that  he  haa  no 
right  to  dispose  of  hor  hand,  endeavours  to  prevent  their 
interviiw.s.  They  form,  however,  a  reciprocal  attach- 
ment. At  leni:^th  Ida  i^  introdured  at  court,  and  is  found 
to  be  tlic  daur^htcr  of  tho  Duke  of  Wirtcmberg,  and  the 
highest  alliances  await  hrr  acceptance.  In  the  progress 
of  the  storv,  sho  is  accused  of  soroer\'  before  the  Secret 
Trihnnnl,  and  is  absolved  bv  means  of  her  lover.  Her- 
man renders  sen-ices  to  the  King  of  Hungary,  and  to 
All)ert,  Duke  of  Austria.  Wirtembcrg,  the  real  father 
of  Ida,  is  disappointed  in  his  plans  of  ambition,  and  in 
con.«:v*quence  is  tlepressed,  while  the  fortunes  of  Herman 
rise,  till  at  length  the  inequality  of  the  union  disappears, 
and  the  lovers  are  made  happy.] 

'•  Lines  on  seeing  Arch  bishop  Williams's 

Monument."  —  I  have  a  copy  of  some  lines,  fifty 

in  number,  upon  this  subject.     They  commence 

thus:  — 

"In  that  remote  and  solitary  place 
V/hich  the  ?en.s  wash,  and  circling  hills  embrace." 

And  the  last  six  are  the.^e  : — 

"  Knvied  Ambition  !  what  are  all  thy  schemes 
l^ut  waking  misery,  or  pleasing  dreams 
Sliding  and  tottering  on  the  height  of  state  ! 
The  subject  of  this  verse  declares  thy  fate, 
(treat  as  he  was,  you  pee  how  small  the  gain, 
A  burial  so  obscure,  a  Muse  so  mean." 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  (1)  who  is  the  author 
of  the  lines,  (2)  whether  they  have  been  printed, 
and  (3 )  if  so,  where.  Arvon. 

[These  elegant  lines  'were  composed  by  Dr.  Saeyd 
Davies,  after  viewing  the  monument  of  Archbbhop  Wil- 
liams in  Llandegai  church,  Caernarvonshire,  and  are 
printed  in  Dodslcv's  Collection  of  Poems,  edit.  1763, 
vi.  284.] 

George  Day,  Printer.  —  I  have  a  copy  of 
Bishop  Fisher's  Assertiont's  Lutherans  Confutatio 
of  the  year  1524,  but  without  name  of  place  or 
printer  on  title-page  or  colophon.  Lowndes  notes 
editions  of  1*52^3  and  152o,  but  not  of  the  above 
year.  At  the  back  of  the  title-page,  however,  I 
find  "  Georgii  Dayi  Cantabrigiensis  carmen  ad 
candidum  lectorem."  Who  was  this  George  Day, 
who  is  not  found  in  Dibdin's  Ames,  where  John 
and  Richard  Day  are  both  recorded?  J.  V. 

[The  edition  of  Fisher  i  Confutatio  Assertionis  Lu^entnm, 
1524,  was  printed  at  Cologne  by  Petrus  Qaentel  (Panser, 
Annates  Typographiri,  vi.  390.)  The  verse*  prefixed  to  it 
are  by  (Jeorge  Day,  who  had  been  chaplain  to  Biahc^ 
Fisher,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridgo,  and 
afterwards  Bishop  of  Chichester.  He  died  in  London 
Aug.  11,  loof).  There  is  an  excellent  notice  of  him  in 
Cooper's  Athentt  Cantabri^ensen,  i.  156.  Consult  abo 
Dalla way's  Chichenter,  4  to,  1815,  p.  72;  and  Hartshome's 
Book  Rarities  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  p.  827.] 


Jomr  Andrewe.  —  I  shall  be  much  ohliged  by 
references  to  sources  of  information  concerning 
this  name,  the  author  of  a  noticeable  series  of 
poems  entitled  T?ie  Anatomie  of  Basenesse.  Or  the 
joitre  qtmrters  of  a  Knave :  Fiatterie,  Inffratitude, 
Enuie,  Detraction.  1615.  A.  B.  Gbosabt. 

St.  Geoige,  Blackburn,  Lancashire. 

[Wood  {Athena,  ii.  493,  ed.  1815)  has  given  a  list  of 
the  works  of  this  divine,  with  the  following  brief  notice 
of  him :  '*  John  Andrews,  a  Somersetshire  man  bom,  was 
entered  a  student  in  Trinity  College,  1601,  aged  eighteen, 
took  one  degree  in  arts,  left  the  university,  and  became  a 
painful  preacher  of  God's  word.'*] 

Sir  Wm.  Sidney  Shith. — What  rank  did  the 
father  of  this  distinguished  admiral  bear^  and 
what  was  his  mother's  name  and  parentage  ? 

Y.S.  M, 

[The  admiral's  father  was  Captain  John  Smith  of  the 
Guards,  gentleman -usher  to  Queen  Charlotte,  and  aide- 
de-camp  to  Lord  (jeorge  Sackville  Germain.  After  quit- 
ting the  service,  he  passed  the  greater  portion  of  his  life 
in  that  extraordinary  building,  or  boat-house,  at  Dover, 
long  known  as  Smith's  Folly.  He  died  Feb.  16, 1804. 
The  admiral's  mother  was  Mary,  one  of  the  daughters  of 
Mr.  Pinkney  Wilkinson,  an  opulent  merchant  of  London.] 

Anne  Askew. — Where  shall  I  find  the  detafls 
of  this  lady's  martyrdom?  Foxe's  Martyrs  (ed, 
Wright)  makes  no  mention  of  her.  I  wish  of 
course  to  know  the  original  authorities^  not 
modem  versions  of  the  narrative. 

Hermentrttde. 

[Consult  the  following  works:  (1.)  "The  First  Ex- 
aminacyon  of  Anne  Askewe,  lately e  martyred  in  Smjrth- 
felde,  by  the  Romysh  Popes  vpholders,  with  the  Elaoy- 
dacyon  of  J.  Bale."  B.  L.  1546,  8vo.  (2.)  "The  Lattre 
Examinacyon  of  Anne  Askewe,  latelye  mart^nred  in 
Smythfelde,  by  the  wyckcd  synagoge  of  Antichrist,  with 
the  Elucydacyon  of  J.  Bale."    B.  L.  1547,  8ve.] 

Marie  Taglioni. — About  twenty-five  yean 
ago  I  saw  in  a  magazine  an  article  giving  some 
details  of  the  early  lifb  of  Mdlle.  Taglioni,  the 
famous  dancer,  but  whether  in  the  form  of  a 
review  of  a  book  upon  the  subject  I  forget  Caa 
any  reader  refer  me  to  the  magaiine  or  to  any 
other  source  of  information  P  S.  F. 

Birmingham. 

[Some  particnlaTB  of  the  early  days  of  Marie  Taglioni 
are  given  in  the  Nomodk  Biographf€  Generaie,  zliv. 
775 ;  and  EneychpUk  det  Oetu  du  Monde,  xxL  664. 
Conank  also  The  Stage,  by  Alfnd  Buno,  u.  90-92, 88^ 
drc  This  onoe  famed  dancer  at  the  Italian  Opera  is 
now  residing  at  Paris.] 

Abbots  of  Reading.  — "V^U  you  kindly  give 
the  names  and  date  of  death  of  the  last  t&ree 
abbots  of  Reading  P  P*  P* 

[  The  later  abbots  of  Beadiiig  Abbey  mn  John  Tbonk 
eleeted  1486,  wlio  eontiniied  abbol  to  the  year  IMV 


454 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»&rv.  N«T.r,m 


■when  he  wis  Buccccdpd  bv  Thomas  Worcester.  The 
last  abbot  via  Hugh  Cookl  usually  styled  Ituf^h  Fir- 
rlngdoD,  chosen  in  1520,  who  was  dran'n,  hinged,  and 
qnarlered,  with  two  of  liis  nIonk^in  Nov.  1530.— Coales's 
SUI.  ofStadiig,  pp.  39I-S93.] 

Spills. — What  ia  the  origin  of  the  word  ^>ilU, 
mefminK  lonp:  folded  slips  of  pnper  us«d  for  light- 
ing candles,  lamps,  gas,  &c>  f  ATHADOaoUA. 

[SptU,  mesDing  a  fragment  of  paper  used  for  lighlisg 
candlw,  is  equivalent  to  splinter  nnd  cliip,  and  attna 
(says  Wedgwood)  to  be  ultimalcly  identicil  with  ipiV/, 
to  shed  licjuid.  See  Cotgrare,  Fr.  tKpaiilt,  tvpiallf, 
tuxde,  a  scale  or  apliuter  ;  aqmUe,  a  little  scale,  a  splint.] 

BOBBRT  JIackat. — Cflii  nny  one  inform  me 
whether  there  is  any  literal  version  in  the  Enfrlisli 
tongue  of  Mr.  Robert  Mackov's  celebrated  Gaelic 

.S«ng»  and  Poeini,  publiahed  in  Edinburj^h  1829? 
If  not,  surely  some  Celtic  scholar  could  givo  us  a 

'  toinslatiou,  ,  A.  M. 

[A  metrical  translation  of  Are  of  Robert  Maekay's 
poems  will  be  founcl  in  the  first  volume  of  The  Modem 
ScoHitli  »ri-iHnl.  edited  by  Charles  BoKers,  LL.D. 
Edinb,  1865,  A  few  literal  translations  of  Roll  Donn'i 
Poems  were  given  by  Sir  Walter  Scolt  in  his  review  of 
brown  Roliert's  Gaelic  Sangi  in  The  Quarterly  Rerleii; 
-  vol.  siv,  April  1831,  pp.  358-074.] 


QUEES  KLIZ.VBETH  AND  FRKEMASONUY, 

(4">  S.  iv.  389.) 

I  have  stud  that  the  Society  of  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons  was  founded  in  1717:  but  there 
was  then  an  older  society  in  Euglnnd,  generally 
tenned  the  Adopted  Masons ;  end  there  was  also 
the  London  Company  of  Masons,  the  freemen  of 
which  were  always  termed  free  masons.  The 
Adopted  Masona  immediately  naaumcd  the  legend 
invented  by  the  Free  and  Accepted,  hut  presuming 
on  their  antiquity,  did  not  join  their  lodges ;  and 
It  was  nearly  for  one  hundred  yeara  that  the  two 
socisties  kept  apart,  with  sentiments  of  bitter 
variance  between  tbem,  till  they  were  united  in 
1813.  The  Free  and  Accepted,  however,  first 
started  a  Grand  Lodge,  which  they  did  in  1717; 
they  also,  surreptitiously,  took  the  name  nnd  arms  i 
of  the  London  Company  of  Masona.  These  last 
had  been  ineorporat*d  in  1410  by  the  name  and 
stylo  of  the  Society  of  Free  Miiaona;  and  they  had 
their  arms  granted  to  them  by  Willifim  Ilawk- 
aCeo,  Clarendeux  King  at  Arms,  in  1477.  The 
fallowing  burlesque  advertisement,  most  probably 
referring  to  the  above-named  aflwr,  is  taken  from 
the  Dnili/  Journal  newspaper: — 

"  Fridav,  Dec  24, 1725. 

"  The  Brethren  of  the  Shears  and  Shopboard  am  hercb-F 
informed,  Ibat  their  wbimsicBl  Kim^men  of  the  Hod  and 
Trowel,  baying  (on  new  light  received  from  some  worthy 


RDsicmcians)  thought  fit  to  cbinga  boll>  (hdr  Fftrm 
and  Dag,  and  uRexpectedly  taken  up  our  Dsual  plan  of 
meeting :  The  wonhipful  Society  of  Free  and  AecnM 
TayiOTB  are  deaired  to  meet  on  Honday  next,  tb«  S7A 
instant,  at  the  Fuli.v  on  the  Thamea,  In  ordar  to  nhnan  ■ 
Clrand  Master  and  other  officen,  and  to  dine. 

"  You  are  desired  to  conn  cloallud  and  armtd  with 
badkm  and  IhiiKble." 

That  notorious  hoaxer,  the  founder  of  the  Hkj- 
market  quart-bottle  trick,  John  Dnke  of  Mootupu^ 
was  the  first  Qnmd  Master  that  wai  cboMn  from 
the  nobility.  During  his  turn  of  duW,  in  I7S1, 
Dr.  .Anderson, adergymon of  theScotluihCliiudi, 
was  commisBioQcd  "  to  order  and  srraoge  the  can- 
stitutions  upon  a  new  and  better  sjateni."  TlWM 
constitutions  were  published,  in  1723,  under  the 
Grand  Mastership  of  Philip  Duke  of  'Whutoa. 
The  Accepted  were  not  to  blame  for  chooriog  tlui 
eccentric  and  unfortunate  young  nobldman  u  thoit 
Grand  Master:  they  had  choaen  the  Didn  of 
Montague,  but  Wharton  forced  himaelf  upon 
them  and  compelled  them  to  elect  him.  Atdead, 
the  Accepted  were  very  unfortunate  In  the  eelee-- 
ticin  of  their  superior  oiEcers,  but  the  truth  muat 
in  nil  coses  bo  told.  It  is  generally  aoid  that 
Laurence  Earl  of  Ferrers,  who  was  hutged  at 
Tjbum  for  murder,  was  one  of  their  OiaDd  Mil 
ters,  but  bo  realty  was  not  It  was  hia  hrothsf 
Wnshinslon,  who  was  chosen  Qrand  Maeter  llK- 
mediately  after  the  execution ;  and  flndel  obaerre^ 
in  his  Hislon/  of  Freemasonry,  "that  nnder  hil 
auspices  the  lodge  lost  some  of  its  credit"  ^iwi 
first  Qnmd  Chaplain  too,  Dr.  Dodd  (the  Haeuoal 
parson,  as  he  has  been  called),  also  made  hia  exit 
at  Tyburn  for  the  crime  of  forgery. 

Dut  to  return  to  Dr.  AnJderson's  CotutOtdima! 
it  is  in  that  work  we  first  find  the  etonr  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  and  Freemasonry — the  •uMeot' 
of  I'EILALBTHEs'  query ;  but  with  thia  qnaliiun- 
tion  added  to  it,  "  as  old  Masons  have  tmumitted 
it  by  tradition,"  In  a  new  edition  of  AndenOD, 
written  bv  John  Entick  and  published  in  1767, 
we  have  the  aame  story,  but  without  any  qD^&- 
at  all.     In   another  edition  of  AndM 


ten  by  John  Noorthouck   and   publiahed  in 
0  story,  but  no  n 


17S4,  there  is  also  the 


on  of  tradition,  Preston,  in  his  JViufrofwiH  ^ 
Ma'onnj,  tells  the  story  ns  an  historiea]  fact,  and 
actually  founds  a  theory  upon  it  of  there  having 
been  an  ancient  Grand  Lodge  at  York.  ManTother 
writers  mention  it,  till  we  come  down  to  ChTel, 
who,  in  his  Hittolre  Piltoretgue  de  la  Frimc-M*- 
^oniierie,  Paris,  1B4U,  not  only  girea  the  day  and 
date  of  this  meeting  at  York,  December  S7,  IMlj 
but  alao  an  elegant  copjier-plate  engraving  renra- 
senting  the  whole  ail'airl!  Surely,  the  "TuM 
Block  Crovrs"  were  nothing  to  thia  atory  of 
Masonic  tradition. 

But  though  Anderson  defended  himaelf  with 
"tradition,  when  telling  thia  eompanttintf 
modem  story,  the  more  anaent  onea  he  aeta  dom 


4«»S.  IV.  Nov.  27, '69.1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


455 


as  historical  facts.  Such,  for  instance,  as  that  the 
ark  was  built  by  Xoah  according  to  the  rules  of 
Masonry.  That  the  Israelites  on  leaving  Egypt 
were  a  whole  kingdom  of  Masons,  well  instructed 
nnder  the  conduct  of  their  Grand  Master  Moses. 
It  really  sickens  me  to  repeat  this  miserable 
Masonic  trash,  and  I  beg  pardon  for  inflicting  it 
on  the  reader.  But  I  must  say  that  this  was  the 
first  book  ever  published  upon  Freemasonry,  and 
it  really  is  strange  that  we  never  heard  anything 
of  its  great  antiquity  before.  Josephus,  or  some 
of  the  classical  writers,  might  have  enlightened 
us  on  the  subject ;  or,  to  come  to  more  modern 
times,  the  art  of  printing  was,  in  1723,  nearly 
three  hundred  years  invented,  yet  it  remained  for 
Anderson  to  tell  us  such  important  stories. 

Worse,  however,  lies  behind.  The  Grand  Master 
Philip  Duke  of  Wharton,  the  Deputy  Grand 
Master  Desaguliers,  twenty  masters  and  forty 
wardens  of  lodges,  signed  their  names  to  an 
*'  approbation  "  of  this  book.  Of  Wharton  I  need 
say  nothing ;  he  was  a  very  young  man  at  the 
time,  and  it  is  charitable  to  believe  that  at  any 
period  of  his  life  he  was  not  sane.  But  Desa- 
guliers was  a  clergyman,  a  fellow  of  the  Royal 
Society,  and  the  first  man  who  attempted  to  popu- 
larise natural  philosophy  in  England  ;  he  was  cer- 
tainly at  the  Apple  Tree  tavern  when  the  silly 
legend  upon  which  Accepted  Masonry  is  founded 
was  fabricated;  and  yet  not  seven  years  have 
elapsed  when  he  signs  his  "  approbation  "  of  this 
ab>*urdly  nonsensical  book,  that  he  must  have 
known  was  not  true. 

There  were  two  editions  of  Anderson's  work 
published  subsequently,  under  the  sanction  of  the 
Grand  Lodge — one  written  by  Entick  in  1767, 
the  other  by  Noorthouck  in  1784.  Both  of  these 
writers  give  us  a  copy  of  an  ancient  manuscript  in 
the  handwriting  of  Ilonry  VI.,  preserved  in  the 
Bodleian  Library  at  Oxford.  Its  history,  as  told 
by  them,  is  curious.  It  was  found  in  a  monastery 
at  the  Reformation  by  the  antiquary  John  Leland, 
and  from  his  hands  it  came  to  the  Bodleian.  Here 
it  lay  for  a  long  time,  till  it  was  discovered  by  the 
celebrated  l^ocke,  who  sent  a  copy  of  it  to  the 
Earl  of  Pembroke,  with  a  letter  and  notes  written 
by  his  own  hand.  This  letter  is  printed  with  it, 
and  the  manuscript  purports  to  be  — 

"  Certayne  Qnestyon.s,  with  Answercs  to  the  same  con- 
cemynf?  the  Mystery  of  Maconrye  ;  written  by  the  hande 
of  Kii)^  11  en  rye  the'  Six  the  of  the  name,  and  faithfullye 
copyod  by  n)e  Johan  L"vlan(l,  Antiquarius,  by  the  com- 
;naade  of  his  Ilighnesse." 

From  internal  evidence,  this  bungling  fraud 
■carries  its  own  condemnation  on  the  face  of  it. 
Put  it  appears  to  have  been  good  enough  for  Free- 
masons, who  actually  use  one  of  its  phrases,  "so 
mote  it  be,"  when  performing  their  silly  cere- 
monies. It  has  been  printed  in  works  on  Free- 
masonry over  and  over  again,  but  it  is  no  other 


than  a  Masonic  fraud.  There  never  was  such 
a  manuscript.  Mr.  Ilalliwell,  whose  indomitable 
perseverance  in  such  a  quest  is  well  known,  care- 
fully rummaged  over  every  nook  of  the  Bodleian, 
but  did  not  succeed  in  finding  it ;  and  he  proved 
from  the  catalogue  that  it  never  had  been  there. 

I  have  conducted  many  antiquarian  researches, 
but  I  candidly  must  say  that  1  never  have  met 
with  such  disgusting  frauds  as  have  been  practised 
during  the  last  one  hundred  and  fifty  years  by  the 
Freemasons.  Notwithstanding  my  natural  aver- 
sion to  such  vile  deceptions,  I  certainly  will  con- 
tinue to  expose  them,  but  space  forbids  me  to  go 
any  farther  at  present  So  I  reserve  a  complete 
exposure  of  tne  fabulous  assertions  respecting 
*' Freemasonry  and  the  Stuarts,' '  made  m  this 
journal,  to  another  paper,  if  you  will  be  good 
enough  to  find  room  lor  it. 

WlLLLUC  PiNZEKTOW. 
Hounslow. 

Like  many  other  searchers  for  the  truth  of  this 
queen's  interference  at  York,  I  have  not  found 
any  historical  record  for  the  assertion  that  she 
"  sent  Sir  Thomas  Sackville  to  York  in  1661  to 
break  up  the  general  assembly  of  Freemasons 
there.''  I  send  the  notes  I  made  at  the  time. 
Who  was  this  Sir  Thomas  Sackville  ? 

The  Freemascm's  Magazine  and  Masonic  Mirror 
for  September  3,  1860,  p.  169,  states  as  one  of  the 
"  remarkable  occurrences  in  masonry,"  printed  in 
1766,  but  omiited  in  the  list  for  1869  (!),  that  the 
''Queen  sends  an  armed  force  to  hreak  up  the 
Annual  Grand  Lodge  at  York,  which  she  after- 
wards countermands  through  the  intercession  of 
Sir  Thomas  Sackville,  Dec.  27,  1661." 

J.  G.  Findel,  in  his  Histon/  of  Freemasonry 
(8vo,  London,  1866,  p.  116),  states :  — 

"  Several  British  travellers  when  journeying  in  Italy 
admired  the  recently  erected  works  of  art  there,  and  on 
their  return  to  their  native  country,  reported  concerning 
them,  as  well  as  brought  drawings  of  them.  The  then 
patron  of  the  Freemasons  (up  to  the  year  1567),  Sir 
Thomas  Sackville,  devoted  the  whole  of  his  attention  to 
this  subject,  and  induced  many  men  of  fortune  and  taste 
to  undertake  similar  jonmeys,  having  the  like  purpose." 

Findel  gives  for  his  authority  Preston,  lUttstra^ 
tions  of  Masonry  (15th  edit)  p.  164. 

On  p.  77  Findel,  in  a  ^translated)  note  quotes 
Kloss,  Die  Freimaurerei  tn  ihrer  wahren  Bedeut" 
unfff  p.  299,  that  — 

**  In  1658,  immediately  after  her  accession  to  the  throne, 
Elizabeth  revived  a  decree  which  had  been  formerly 
passed,  forbidding  all  unlawful  and  rebellious  meetings : 
if  then  the  incident  mentioned  by  Masonic  historical 
writers  as  occnrring  on  December  '27th,  1561,  be  tme— 
viz.  that  Elizabeth  was  desirous  of  breaking  up  a  meet- 
ing of  Freemasons,  which  took  place  at  York,  bat  was 
prevented  by  Lord  Sackville,  who  was  present,  becoming 
their  security  with  the  queen— yet  it  does  not  necesMrily 
follow,  as  has  been  assumed,  that  he  was  present  as  an 
Accepted  Mason ;  but  he  may  have  been  at  the  winter 
quarterly  meeting  of  the  St.  John's  festival  as  an  enthu- 


456 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


[4*k  S.  lY.  Nov.  S7,  tS. 


siastic  amateur  of  the  art  of  architecture,  which  historr 
prononnoea  him  actually  to  have  been." 

BGggins,  Anacalypsis  (4 to,  1850,  i.  708),  says : — 

**The  document  from  which  I  have  extracted  the  above 
information  respecting  the  York  Mason?,  were  given  to 

me  by Blanchai^,  Esq.,  and  transferred  by  me  to 

the  person  who  now  possesses  them,  and  with  whom  they 
ought  most  properly  to  be  placed,  His  Royal  llighness 
the  Duke  of  Sussex.  It  appears  from  the  documents 
cbovenamed,  that  Queen  Elizabeth  became  jealous  of  the 
York  Masons,  and  sent  an  armed  force  to  York  to  put 
them  down." 

Did  not  the  late  Duke  of  Sussex  g^ve  his  collec- 
tion to  the  Grand  Lodge  in  Great  Queen  Street  P 
If  so,  the  documents  abovenamed  might  clear  up 
the  point 

During  my  investigations  a  few  years  since,  I 
Tfas  informed  that  '*  the  York  affair  is  corroborated 
in  a  gossipping  letter  preserved  in  Emmanuel  Col- 
lege at  Oxford;  that,  1501,  Captain  Sir  John 
Sutcliffe  or  Sinclair  made  the  lodge  make  two 
or  three  of  the  queen's  messengers  *  Masons.' '' 
This  statement,  however,  requires  to  be  verified 
by  some  other  correspondents  nefore  it  be  accepted 
as  a  fact  W.  P. 


In  reply  to  your  correspondent  Philalethes,  I 
may  say  that  1  should  not  have  admitted  the  state- 
ment to  which  he  refers  into  my  Notes  on  the 
Tetnple  cmd  St.  John,  had  it  not  received  the 
sanction  of  Godfrey  Higgins;  who  states,  in  his 
Anacalypsis  (vol.  i.  book  x.  chap.  viii.  sec.  1, 
p.  768),  that  a  MS.  referring  thereto  had  been 
recovered  by  Mr.  Drake  from  Pontefract  Castle, 
where  many  documents  were  placed  for  security 
during  the  Civil  Wars,  obtained  by  him  from 
Mr.  Wm.  Blanchard  of  York,  and  conveyed  to 
H.K.II.  the  Duke  of  Sussex.  As  one  means  of 
setting  this  question  to  rest,  the  document  alluded 
to  ought  to  be  unearthed. 

John  Yarkeb,  Juw, 

43,  Chorlton  Boad,  Manchester. 


CORNISH  AND  WELSH. 

(4^  S.  iv.  400.) 

Very  few  scholars  vnll  question  the  correctness 
of  M.  H.  R.'s  **  theory  that  the  Cornish  and 
Welsh  languages  have  been  originally  identical." 
They  are  branches  of  one  language,  the  Cymric. 
The  Armoric  of  Brittany  is  another.  The  Cornish, 
as  every  one  knows,  has  altogether  ceased  to  be 
spoken,  and  very  few  specimens  of  its  literature 
(u  it  ever  had  what  might  be  called  a  literature) 
remain.  Much  of  the  old  language,  however, 
snryives  in  the  local  and  family  names  in  the 
county,  and  the  chief  object  I  have  in  view  in 
publishinjir  a  Glossary  of  Cornish  Xames,  with 
significations,  derivations,  &c  [see  Advertisement] 
ifl  to  show  how  much  of  that  language  so  survives. 
My  plan  is  to  give  the  meanings  that  have  been 


attached  to  the  names  by  former  writen^  ^Mfi^ 
ning  with  Camden,  Carew,  &a,  and  where  I  n 
not  acquunted  with  any  such,  of  a  aatiafectary 
kind,  then  to  venture  on  a  coniectuxe  of  my  owHv 
always  when  I  can,  learning  the  aicheic  mode  of 
ppellmg,  the  physical  peculiarities  of  the  plee% 
its  history,  traditions,  &c,  and  snbmitting  mj 
renderings  for  correction  to  any  scholar  mUlng  io 
look  through  the  proof  sheets. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  some  of  your  xeaden  to 
compare  the  meaninji^  I  give  in  my  Olotmay,  of 
the  Cornish  names  m  M.  H.  R's  fiat,  with  the 
meanings  he  attaches  to  the  corresponding  WeUh 
words.  Not  to  trespass  too  much  on  your  efm09f 
I  will  not  give  all  the  conjectural  xaideriiigi  of 
each  name,  but  will  g^ve  the  page  of  the  GHuSmyp 
where  other  renderings,  with  the  authoritiee  lor 
them,  may  be  found.  The  italics  are  for  the  moit 
part  old  Cornish.    P  marks  a  conjecture : — 

Mexiikniot  (parish).  ?  S.  Neot*8  hill  (meMdBO,  Tte 
present  patron  is  St.  Antoninus,  aooording  to  Dr.  Oli- 
ver ;  bat  near  is  a  parish  dedicated  to  S,  Neo^  la 
Domesday  called  Nietestou. 

Lkwannick,  ?  in  Domesday  Lanwexhog,  the  cbnnh 
{Ian)  of  S.  Winnocns,  Tonkin;  the  monk's  (mtamM 
church,  Whitaker ;  the  church  upon  or  near  m  meOB 
(leemic),  Pryce. 

LANSALLOSjo/tm,  Lansalux,  Lassalbwts,  ?  BeTJfJwwfli 
enclosure  (SuUeisoc  is  the  name  of  a  Geltie  serf] 
mitted  by  a  Saxon  proprietor,  10th  cent.).    The 
saint  of  the  parish  is  St.  Il<Uema.     Glo§*  88. 

Doix)E,  black  {du)  pool  (/o),  Tonkin;  ?  south  (dtkm} 
pool ;  patron  saint,  St.  Keby,  Oliver.    CUm.  46. 

PBTHERwnr,  from  the  patron  saint,  S.  Patenms. 

Trkvenna,  lesser  (behenna)  dwelling  ('re). 

Lantkolos,  church  (eglos)  land.     Ulas,  ^ 

EoLOSHAYLE,  the  <murch  on  the  estuary  (Aay/), 
laudan.     Ghs.  46. 

Pentire,  the  headland  {pen-iir). 

Treyose,  fortified  (Jot)  town  (ire),  Piyot^  or,  P 
(rtr). 

St.  VV enn,  from  the  patron  saint,  St.  Wenna. 

Pexrtn,  head  {pen)  of  the  river-channel  (yya)  ;  er^  At 
promontoiy  {penryn),  Pryce. 

GwERK,  a  village,  a  bay  or  cove,  Pryee.    Olot.  61. 

Bedruthan,  ?  red  {mdh)  cove  (htnm)  grave  (MR)rOr 
house  {boti).     Glo$,  7. 

Carnbrea,  the  mountain  {bre)  rock  (ocv») ;  o^  mom  M 
Macpher8on*s  ^'  Caim-crowncKi  hiU.**     Olot,  2i. 

PoRTH,  the  cove  or  harbour. 

£nt3,  I^nis,  Inch,  an  island,  WOliams^  or  pwiffiwltt 
Piyce. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  say  that,  thooflii  fba 
translation  of  the  above  names  is  Terr  mmpm  and 
easy,  it  is  otherwise  with  many  thouMods  of 
others  I  have  collected,  so  disguised  are  tiiey  iHfh 
bad  spelling,  &c.  Hence  the  best  rendeiiiig  tliat 
can  be  given  is  often  necessarily  purely  oonjeo- 
tural,  and  I  shall  be  much  obliged  for  coneenot 
of  errors  and  mi-^/Us,  and  for  hints  and  help. 

JoHir  BAmmn. 

St.  Day  Vicarage,  GomwalL 

Your  correspondent  M.  H.  R.  is  not  twaie  ttMt 
^'  any  systematic  comparison  has  ev«r  been 


4^  S.  IV.  Nov.  27,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


betwet-n  Cornish  and  Welsh  (Cymri)  languages." 
If  M.  II.  R.  can  obtain  a  copy  of  Williams's 
Cornish  Uicfionari/,  compiled  by  the  Rev.  R. 
Williams  of  Khydycroesau,  Oswestry — whose 
work  on  **  Eminent  Welshmen  "  is  well  known — 
he  will  tind  in  it  a  most  systematic  comparison  of 
the  Corni^^h  language  with  the  Scottish,  Gaelic, 
the  Irish  Gaelic,  the  ^Vrmoric,  Manx,  and  Welsh 
tongues. 

M.  II.  R.  will,  I  hope,  pardon  me  if  I  disagree 
with  the  English  pronunciation  of  certain  Welsh 
letters. 

We  are  told  that  the  Welsh  d  is  sounded  very 
much  like  our  t.    Now  if  M.  II.  R.  were  to  talk 
to  an}"  intelligent  native  about  an  Eiste^Afo^,  the 
said  native  would  stare  if  he  were  told  that  that 
was  the  correct  pronunciation  of  what  he  would 
call  an  Eister.Wo^.     1  really  cannot  call  to  mind; 
at   this   moment,   any   Welsh  word  where   the 
(I  is  pronounced  as  ^ :   it  is,  as  far  as  I  know, 
always  pronounced  as  the  Enfflish  d:  witness  the 
w^ords  hod  (abode),  cwd  (a  bag),  Hicyd  (grey), 
Pen-y-yicn/d,   Sec.     That  dd  is  a  perfect  crux  to 
Englishmen.    IIow  many  can  pronounce  the  word 
Llangollen  anything  like  rightly  'f  They  generally 
give  the  dd  the  th  sound  :  and  it  is  really  hopeless 
to  write  a  pronunciation  of  it — it  must  be  heard. 
I  can  only  say  it  is  not  th.     The  final  <7,  too,  is  as 
much  ff  in  Welsh  as  in  English :  this  is  shown  in 
the  words  Tet/,  Phis  Tey  (tiiir  mansion),  pumthcg 
(tifteen),  &c.     1',  again,  is  scarcely  like  our  i,  for 
it  is  pronounced  very  long  when  it  means  the. 
In  the  words  Maen-y-faicr — there  would  be  no  y, 
by  the  way,  in  Welsh — it  would  be  pronounced 
with  almost  the  same  sound  as  nr,     in  Ynys,  an 
island,  again  we  have  two  distinct .  sounds :    to 
show  this,  I  write  the  word  as  the  English  pro- 
nunciation would  be,  Unuis.    These  few  instances 
which  have  been  given  will  show  that  it  is  next 
thing  to  an  impossibility  to  give  English  equiva- 
lents to  Welsh  letters;  but  if  such  a  task  is  at- 
tempted, it  is  as  well  to  give  as  nearly  the  proper 
ones  as  possible.  The  Colt. 

Christ  Church,  Oxon. 

M.  II.  R.  lias  given  us  the  result  of  an  "inter- 
esting et}mological  investigation,  which  appears 
to  confirm  the  theory  that  the  Cornish  and  Welsh 
languages  have  been  originally  identical."  I  had 
no  c«>nception  before  this  that  the  original  iden- 
tity of  Cornish  and  Welsh  was  a  theory.  Indeed 
I  have  always  thought  it  was  a  positive  fact, 
which  required  very  little  investigation  to  prove. 
If  your  correspondent  has  any  doubts  on  the  sub- 
ject, he  may  allay  them  by  examining  th^  Lexicon 
CornU'Britcuwicum,  by  Rev.  R.  Williams,  in  which 
the  synonyms  of  each  Cornish  word  are  given  in 
the  cognate  dialects  of  Armoric,  Welsh,  Irish, 
Gaelic,  and  Manx.  The  English  Language,  by 
Dr.  Latham  (p.  201),   gives  thirty-nine  wordiy 


showing  at  one  view  the  connection  between 
Welsh,  Cornish,  and  Armoric ;  and  in  Nicholas's 
Pedigree  of  the  English  numerous  instances  occur 
of  the  resemblance  between  the  words  of  the  dif- 
ferent Keltic  languages :  see  pp.  387-99,  416-16, 
428-30.  See  also,  Lhuyd's  Archceologia  Briton- 
nica ;  The  Cornish  Vocabulary,  edited  by  E.  Nonis; 
and  Taylor's  Words  and  Places, 

I  may  be  excused  for  differing  from  your  cor- 
respondent's etymology,  so  far  as  it  relates  to 
Cornish  words.  The  du  in  Duloe  is  not  of  the 
same  signification  as  cf a  in  Dolau,  **  a  dale.''  Du 
is  black,  and  lo,  in  Cornish,  is  a  pool ;  which  last 
is  probably  synonymous  with  tbe  Irish  and  Scotch 
terms  lough  and  loch,  Looe,  a  town  in  Cornwall, 
takes  its  name  from  a  large  pool  near  by.  See 
Lexicon  Com,  Brit.,  and  a  Cornish  Glossary  by 
Dr.  Bannister  of  St.  Day,  now  in  course  of  publi- 
cation. 

Cam  hrea,  instead  of  being  "  a  pointed  cairn," 
as  rendered  by  M.  H.  R.,  is  more  likely  to  be 
from  cam,  a  rock,  or  roclqr  place ;  and  bre,  a  hill 
or  mountain.     Carn  brea  would,  therefore,  mean 
'*  a  hill  cam,"  or,  as  Polwhele  says,  "  the  moun- 
tain rock."    Bre  is  of  frequent  occurrence  in  the 
names  of  places  in  Cornwall — as  Bray  in  St  Just, 
and  Llogan  -,  and  Gootivra,  the  hill  down,  in  St. 
Agnes— wrt  being  a  mutation  of  bre.     So  also  in 
Wales,  as  Moelvri  and  Pernbre,   Again,  Egloshayle 
is  rendered  by  your  correspondent  "a  church  of 
the  dale";  but  in  Cornish  it  means  "the  church 
on  the  river  or  estuary,"  from  eglos,  a  church,  and 
hal,  a  river.     Hal  is  preserved  in  Moshal,  the 
ancient  name  of  Mousenole,  which  signifies  "  the 
maid's  river,"  and  Hayle,  the  name  of  a  small 
stream  forming  the  boundary  line  of  the  Land's 
End  district.    For  a  further  account  of  the  word 
hal,  I  refer  M.  H.  R.  to  "  N.  &  Q."  4"»  S.  ii.  405. 
Gioeek  is  the  Cornish  gwic,  a  village,  a  cave  or 
creek  of  the  sea.     See  Lexicon  Com,  Brit,,  and 
Dr.  Bannister's  Com,  Glossary,    The  i  in  atoic  is 
pronoimced  as  ee,  W.  N, 

London. 


I  believe  M.  Ii.  R.  does  not  always  use  the 
correct  orthogranhy  in  the  names  of  places  in  his 
Cornish  list.  "  Lansalloes  "  should  be  LansaUos  ; 
"  Egloshale,"  Egloshayle ;  *'  Penrhyn,"  Penryn. 

'^  Cam  Br89  "  is,  no  doubt,  the  prevalent  usage, 
but  Cam-hri  is  not  infrequent  Borlase  and  Pol- 
whele use  Kamhre  or  Kam-bre, 

**  Petherwin,"  though  now  commou,  appears  to 
be  a  modem  innovation.  It  has  not,  howeyer 
entirely  superseded  the  ancient  Petherwyn. 

Wk.  Pbitoxllt. 

Torqaay. 


458 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[^8.iy.iror.fl7/ 


FONS  BANDUSIiE. 
(4:^  S.  i.  330,  412,  417,  493,  567.) 

Mr.  Keiohtley  inquires  (4*'»  S.  iv.  112)  whe- 
ther Fonte  Bello  is  the  head  of  the  small  stream 
Licenza.  It  is  not  so,  but  is  situated  on  the 
lower  slopes  of  Lucretilis,  falling  in  on  the  right 
side  of  the  stream.  It  is  from  a  quarter  to  half  a 
mile  from  the  village  Licenza.  I  passed  it  as  I 
proceeded  across  the  ridge  towards  Correse,  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Cures.  Chaupy  describes  the 
fountain  as  if  formed  by  the  streams  flowing 
during  rainy  weather  from  the  slopes  of  the  moun- 
tains, and  therefore  dry  or  nearly  so  during 
summer.  There  is,  however,  a  perennial  spring, 
which  was  flowing  in  abundance  during  the  montn 
of  August  at  the  close  of  the  dry  season,  though 
it  would  no  doubt  be  increased  by  the  winter 
torrents. 

In  Dr.  Milman^s  illustrated  edition  of  Horace 
(Murray,  1849,)  there  is  a  letter  of  Mr.  Dennis, 
who  gives  strong  reasons  for  believing  the  Fons 
BandusisB  to  have  been  at  the  source  of  a. stream- 
let forming  one  of  the  feeders  of  the  Licenza.  He 
says :  — 

'*  This  spring  rises  at  the  head  of  a  narrow  glen,  -wliich 
opens  into  the  broader  valley  of  the  Digentiajast  beyond 
the  Farm,  and  stretches  up  for  two  or  three  miles  into 
the  heart  of  the  mountains,  dividing  Lucretilis  from 
Ustica.  This  is  evidently  the  reducta  wdlia  to  which 
Tyndaris  was  invited ;  and  it  is  known  by  the  peasants 
as  the  *  Yalle  R ustica,'  than  which  no  name  could  bo 
more  appropriate,  though  it  probably  was  not  conferred 
with  reference  to  the  scenery,  but  as  a  corruption  of 

•  Ustica.* The  streamlet  is  called  •  Le  Chiuse ' : 

it  is  the  same  which  flows  beneath  the  villa,  and  threatens 
the  *  pratum  apricum.'  I  ascended  its  course  from  the 
Farm,  by  the  path  which  Horace  must  have  taken  to  the 
Fountain.  It  flows  over  a  rocky  bed,  here  overshadowed 
by  dwarf- willows,  there  by  wide-spreading  fig-trees,  and 
is  flanked  by  vineyards  for  some  distance.  Then  all  cul- 
tivation ceases ;  the  scenery  becomes  wilder ;  the  path 
steeper ;  the  valley  contracts  to  a  ravine ;  a  bare,  grey, 
and  red  rock  rises  on  the  right,  schistose,  rugged  and 
stern ;  another  similar  cliff  rises  opposite,  crested  with 
ilex,  and  ovcrtopt  by  the  dark-wooded  head  of  Lucre- 
tilis. As  I  approached  the  Fountain  I  came  to  an  open 
grassy  spot,  where  cattle  and  goats  were  feeding. 

*  Tu  frigus  amabile 

Fessis  vomere  tauri  j 

Priebes,  et  pecori  vago.* 
"The  spot  is  exquisitely  Arcadian:  no  wonder  it 
captivated  the  poet's  fancy.  It  is  now  just  as  it  must 
have  met  his  eye.  During  the  noontide  heat,  the  vast 
Lucretilis  throws  his  grateful  shade  across  the  glen. 
....  Crossing  the  stream  by  the  huge  roclts,  which 
almost  choke  its  bed,  I  climbed  through  brambles  and 
sloes  to  the  Fountain.  It  is  a  most  picturesque  spot. 
Large  masses  of  moss- clad  rock  lie  piled  up  in  the  cleft 
between  the  hills,  and  among  them  the  streamlet  works 
its  way,  overshadowed  by  hanging  woods  of  ilex,  beech, 
honibeani,  maple,  chestnut,  nut,  and  walnut,  which  throw 
80  dense  a  shade  that  sc  ircely  a  ray  of  the  all-glaring 
sun  can  play  on  the  turf  below.' 

*  Te  flagrantis  atrox  hora  Canicuho 
Nescit  tangere  :  tu  frigus  amabile  .  .  . 
Pnebe:?.* 


The  water  springs  from  three  small  holes  at  tbit  top  of  a 
shelving  rock  or  no  great  height,  and  glides  doma  ialo 
a  sandy  basin,  which  it  overflows,  trickhog  in  a  dflote 
thread  over  the  rocks  into  a  small  pool»  and  tlMDoe  rink* 
ing  in  a  mimic  cascade  into  the  mggod  rhamwl,  nUA 
bears  it  down  the  glen.*' 

I  believe  that  it  is  not  possible  to  fix  tbe  poa- 

tion  of  the  fountain  with  certunty,  fturther  Hum, 

it  was  in  the  Sabine  valley  somewhere  in  tke 

vicinity  of  Horace's  farm.     Even  this  pmnt  !■ 

disputed  by  Chaupy  and  others.    In  my  Nbtki 

and  By-ways  of  Italy  I  find  the  folUndng  reftl^ 

ence  to  the  glen  described  by  Mr.  Dennis :  — 

•*  We  wandered  up  a  little  stream  called  '  La  Cbimm^ 
and  nothing  could  exceed  the  coolness  of  tbe  rien,  shiM 
from  the  rays  of  the  sun  by  the  lofty  Lnomtfiii.  It  vii 
overhung  t>y  dwarf-willows,  and  its  banks  oovend  nith 
fig-  trees  and  vines.  As  we  advanced  all  cultiTatioki 
left  behind,  and  the  valley  became  a  nanow 
overhung  with  the  holm-oak." 

My  guide,  the  intelligent  "padre"  of 
did  not  point  out  the  fountain  which  Mr.  Demw 
describes.  Cbavfvbd  Tait  "ELamase, 


ERSE  WORDS  DENOTING  THE  HOQET. 
(4'*'  S.  iv.  229,  803.) 

**  Prove  all  things ;  hold  fast  that  wbiflh  it 
good,"  says  St.  Paul  (1  Thess.  y.  21^ :  and,  oobm 
truth  whence  it  may,  let  us  hold  it  mt,  MJ  L 

As  Mr.  J.  M.  Jeffcott  wrote  {rem  uia  JUaiof 
Man,  the  centre  of  Manx  learning,  for  infonnitiott 
touching  *^  Erse  words  denoting  ttie  mooii|"  I  Mod 
for  his  consideration  this  furuer  contribiitiDli  of 
a  Manx  character :  — 

I.  The  Highland  Scottish  and  Iriah  woidt 
gealach  (geal),  rhy  luan^  on  p.  220,  will  maliA 
respectively  with  the  Manx  giallagh  (jgial)^  m^  kme^ 
&c.,  as  indicated  on  p.  303. 

II.  Instead,  however,  of  tracing  the  Irish  mi§ 
or  eatcon  to  roots  signifying  haishneas,  enmifar* 
&c.,  as  suggested  by  Mr.  Jeffcott,  I  alioiul 
rather  consider  them  allied  to  the  Manx  tetmss, 
a  shade  or  shadow ;  scami  =  an  apparition,  glUM^ 
spectre  or  spirit )  skian  =  a  winff ;  sce2^=  a  oaam 
or  ray  of  light ;  shell  =  to  vanish  or  disappear— 
all  bearing  accordant  reference  to  the  ^fwifalA 
shapes,  a})r>earances,  and  conditions  which  the 
moon  exhibits;  and,  dropping  the  ^  /bsMissa 
lamp,  which  the  moon  is  to  manldnd;  alio^ 
yskan  =  an  ell,  which  is  to  materials  as  the  moo* 
is  to  time — a  measure.  And  if  to  these  soTSial 
words  we  prefix  the  Manx  oic  •=  night,  as  m^-mMtf 
oie-scaanj  &c.,  we  appear  to  obtain  not  only  a& 
apposite  approximation,  but,  literally  and  ngniflr 
cantly,  the  true  solution  of  meaning  and  dMifir 
tion  of  the  Irish  easy  or  eascon. 

III.  I  have  given  on  p.  303  certain  Manx  ortbo* 
graphical  variations  of,  say,  the  Latin  hrnOp  t> 
which  may  be  added  another  fornii  Ihum^moim'r 


4«f  S.  IV.  Nov.  27,  'C9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


469 


and  the  following  relative  words  of  interesting 
and  illustrative  signification  :  —  1.  Ltis-luna  = 
moonwort ;  which  is  self-explanatory,  and  shows 
the  literal  incorporation  of  luna  =  moon.  2. 
Lhuan  =  an  incomplete  birth  or  state ;  which  is 
particularly  applicable  to  the  moon.  3.  Lhune  = 
ale  or  strong  drink ;  which  has  been,  and  is,  by 
some  parties  freely  imbibed  on  Monday.  4. 
Lunafjh  =  rude ;  which  deep  potations  of  No.  3 
are  apt  to  make  the  partakers.  5.  Luney  =  slan- 
dering ;  which  those  in  the  condition  of  No.  4 
are  prone  to  become,  and  by  so  far  rendering 
themselves,  according  to  the  above  significations, 
literally  lunatic,  attest  that  "  Saint  Monday  "  still 
displays  somewhat  of  the  ancient  sway  over  the 
devotees  of  Bacchus  and  Momus  by  preserving,  as 
it  were,  a  remnant  of  the  orgies  of  the  Druidic 
-worship  of  Luna — a  deity  expressly  acknowledged 
by  the  Manx  **  Jelttne  =  Monday,  the  day  dedi- 
cated to  the  moon,  the  moon's  day." 

IV.  That  re  is  one  of  the  acknowledged  Manx 
names  of  the  moon,  the  evidence  adduced  on 
p.  303  phiinly  testifies ;  and  this  familiar  phrase, 
oie-rehollt/s  =■  a  ^oonlight  night,  fully  confirms. 
In  tracing  the  derivation,  however,  as  well  as  the 
meaning  of  re,  we  shall  have  to  make  wider  and 
deeper  explorations.  For  as  Doonaffht  as  Lheiun=^ 
Sunday  and  Monday,  are  the  two  days,  even  now, 
devoted  to  and  associated  with  feasting  and  en- 
joyment, so,  analogically,  are  Gnan  as  re  =  sun 
and  moon,  connected  in  their  origin  and  deriva- 
tion. Therefore,  beginning  at  the  beginning,  when 
'•  God  made  two  great  lights;  the  greater  light 
to  rule  the  day,  and  the  lesser  light  to  rule  the 
night "  (Gen.  i.  10),  and,  in  their  institution,  con- 
stituted them  subordinate  governors  by  appoint- 
ment, we  find  their  successive  rule  was  required, 
like  the  evening  and  the  morning,  to  comprise 
one  entire  natural  day ;  and  even  to  the  present 
time  has  such  a  day  been  either  computed,  or 
understood,  accordantly.  We  may,  consequently, 
now  consistently  determine  that,  as  from  tne 
commencement  of  their  histoiy  the  sun  and  moon 
have  been  alternate  natural  rulers,  and  as  the 
Manx  verb  and  noun  rd'///=rule,  reign,  govern, 
also,  as  a  ruler  is  frequently  a  king  or  a  queen, 
and  as  the  ^lanx  I'ce  fl.s  rem=king  and  queen,  so 
their  being  invested  with  even  subordinate  power 
might  eventually  lead  first  to  personification,  and 
thence  to  deification  of  such  natural  rulers;  and 
I  think  we  shall  be  able  to  establish  both  in  the 
order  named. 

l*ersoniJi(ittiv)i  is  implied  and  denoted  byr«f*/i= 
ree  niau-=.ree  //  ;/?'««  =  king  of  the  visible  heaven, 
or  ruler  of  the  day,  as  applied  to  the  sun,  pri- 
marily;  and  hy  rein  =  ree  yn  oic;=king  or  ruler 
of  the  night,  as  applied  to  the  moon,  secondarily. 
But  as  in  Manx  there  are  two  words  signifying 
day,  laa  and  Jin ;  two  signifying  night,  oie  ana 
noght :    and   two   signifying  king,  ree  and  rem; 


we  find  that,  when  applied  to  a  terrestriaf 
monarch,  rein^=-oi  a  king,  and  is  used  as  an 
abbreviation  of  hen-rein  =  queen,  king's  wife, 
or  wife  of  a  king:  iust  as,  Cregeen  says,  Sam 
and  Harn  are  both  used  as  contractions  of 
t7<?Mm}  =  Saturday;  or  as  sheeyl  is  used  in  tho 
Manx  translation  of  Milton's  Paradise  Lost  for 
a  contraction  of  ^'iSAeeMiit/e= mankind,  human, 
beings.  This  word,  no  doubt,  is  from  iheel  rseed), 
as  in  Job  xxi.  8,  and  naue^  a  corruption  or  niau 
(heaven),  the  seed  or  offspnng  of  heaven." 

Deification  is  implied  and  denoted  by  ^Tum= 
jee-ree  niau^ee-ree  y  nuiu= god-king,  or  ruling 
deity,  of  the  aerial,  visible,  or  natural  heaven,  as 
applied  to  the  sun  primarily;  and  hj  re^ee-re^ 
ote=y  yee-ree  oie=i  god-king,  or  ruling  deity,  of 
the  nignt,  as  applied  to  the  moon,  secondarily — 
the  initial  of  y«e=god,  being  changed  to  ^  in  one 
case,  and  to  y  in  the  other,  in  conformity  with 
the  genius  of  the  language ;  j  ust  as  irree^  a  kin- 
dred word,  becomes  respectively  girree  and  Jirree, 
according  to  the  laws  of  initial  mutation :  and  the 
derivatives  grian  and  re  being  quite  as  intelli* 
gible  as  Jasdil  or  jtudyl,  which  Cregeen  says  mav 
be  from  jee  as  y  theihU:  also  as  '^yotiy/=deTil. 
The  j  from  jee,  and  ouyl  from  dewU,  cruel|  the 
cruel  or  evil  god.**  And  now — as  yn  ghrxan = the 
sun;  greiney=:of,  or  belonging  to,  the  sun;  irree* 
ny-greinney= the  day-spring,  sunrise,  the  riong 
of  the  sun;  lhie-ghreiney=zB\maetf  the  setting  oi 
the  sun;  scell-greiney  =^ &  sunbeam;  ooreyder- 
greiney=z2i  sundial;  cassan-ny-greiney=zthe  zodiac; 
roUage=^&  star;  moddey  airh^^A  mock  sun  (or, 
literally,  gold-dog^  which  I  suppose,  through  the 
Latin  for  wolf,  conducts  to  the  Greek  pro  sole) ; 
and  "  cruinney  =  a  globe,  orb  or  sphere,  the  earth 
as  it  is  one  " — I  hope  the  same  may  serve,  in  the 
hands  of  Mb.  Jeffcott,  as  keys  to  locks ;  and  not 
merely  as  "  markym-^'eeiym^  the  shaking  or  vibra*- 
tion  of  the  sunshine  on  the  ground  on  a  hot  sun* 
shiny  day,"  to  a  child ;  which,  while  tantalising, 
ever  eludes  the  attempted  grasp. 

y.  It  appears  that  eayst,  as  a  name  of  the  moon, 
is  peculiar  to  the  Manx  tongue  alone.  I  dbaU 
therefore,  in  endeavouring  to  evolve  the  combined 
origin,  personification,  and  deification,  implied  and 
denotea  by  eayst^^  moon,  treat  the  word  as  an 
exclusively  Manx  one:  for  by  so  doing  I  think  I 
shall  be  able  to  obtain  a  glimpse  of  the  man  in 
the  moon.  Thus,  when  new,  the  moon  springs  or 
grows  into  light ;  when  bom,  man  springs  or  grows 
into  life:  when  waxed  to  the  full,  the  moon  has 
grown  to  its  greatest  size,  with  luminosity ;  when 
at  the  acme  of  life,  man  has  grown  to  his  highest 
state,  with  mental  illumination :  when  waned  out^ 
the  moon  has  grown  old,  and  sinks  into  obscuntrrf 
when  expired,  man  has  grown  lifeless,  and  sinks 
into  the  grave — the  moon  to  be  renewed  tempore 
arily,  the  man  to  be  revived  immortally. 

Ongmation  is  implied  and  denoted  oy  eayd,  ^ 


460 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


14^  S.  IT.  Sor.V, 


derived  from  aasii= grown;  as  the  moon  grows 
from  new  to  old^  and  old  to  new  continually. 

Fersonificatum  is  implied  and  denoted  by  eaydf 
if  derived  from  eeas8it=^ lent,  borrowed;  which, 
in  effecty  the  moon*8  light  is  from  the  sun :  for^ 
like  one  growing  temporarily  richer  by  borrowing 
money,  so  the  moon,  by  borrowing  light,  becomes 
temporarily  brighter;  and  because  eeasgit  may  be 
reduced  to  ee  aasit^z  (the)  she  (has  or  is)  grown, 
analogically. 

Deification  is  implied  and  denoted  by  eayst^  if 
derived  from  yeettssU^^l&nif  borrowed;  because 
it  may  be  reduced  to  yee  aagit^  or  to  y  yee  oie 
aasit  =  the  god  of  the  night  (has  oris)  grown: 
just  as  from  /Vey«= deity,  we  may  possibly  legiti- 
mately form  jeeyfitj  or  y  yeeyskt^^ihe  deihed; 
also,  just  as  rein  is  found,  for  6«n-mn  =  queen, 
it  is  quite  possible  that  yee,  or  yee,  may  De  as 
legitimately  used  for  5e»A-2/ee= goddess.  I3ut  re- 
turning to  the  beginning,  when  the  moon  was 
made  ''the  lesser  light  to  rule  the  night,"  the 
most  consistent,  and  evidently  the  most  direct, 
derivation  of  eay«^=moon,  is  from /ce= god,  and 
/a«<yr= evening;  because,  derivatively, yee /a«<yr 
=y  yee  agtyr  =  eay8t  =  god,  goddess,  or  ruling 
deity  of  the  night :  so  that  eayst  manifestly  com- 
bines its  own  origination,  personification,  and 
deification,  in  its  ovm  literal  formation;  whose 
derivation  is  equally  as  rational  as  that  given  by 
Cregeen  of  "iSiMfiA/a/= Gospel.  This  word,  no 
doubt,  is  8Uj  from  sheeu  (being  of  worth),  and  shial, 
from  gkeeal  (news  or  tidings,  worthy  or  valuable 
news,  or  tidings)." 

I  append  the  following  suggestive  words  for 
Mk.  Jeffcott'b  partial  consideration  :  (l)Ja8tee= 
barm,  jreast ;  (2)  teayd  =  dough ;  (3)  teaystag=:  a 
dumplmg ;  (4)  heaystn  =  kneaded ;  (6)  "  Thaish  or 
tixUe — according  to  Mr.  Macpherson,  thaish  oxiaise^ 
in  Celtic,  means  a  ghost,"  says  Cregeen's  Manx 
Dictionary  (Douglas,  1835). 

VI.  And  now,  of  the  two  deity-denoting  words, 
eayst  and  re,  it  seems  to  me  that  re  indicates  the 
moon  in  its  physical  capacity,  as  secondary  light- 
giving  agent,  subordinately  associated  with  the 
sun;  and  that  eayst  signifies  the  moon  in  its 
secondary  or  proper  dignity,  as  the  ordinate  re 
ote,  co^ly  manifesting  its  appointed  regency  as 
the  fair  and  gentle  administrative  consort  of  her 
majestic  lord,  the  glorious  ree  laa,  .       J.  Beale. 

Spittlegate,  Grantham. 


GUILD  OF  MASONS  AT  FAVERSHAM  ABBEY. 

(4«»S.iv.  810,374) 

My  communication  on  this  subject  has  been 
copied  from  *'  N.  &  Q."  into  the  local  paper  at 
Faversham.  An  anonymous  correspondent,  who 
rightly  dubs  himself  "  Terribly  Ignorant,"  brings 
some  objections  against  my  theory.  First  of 
all,  he   says   he  is   ignorant  of   the  existence 


of  the  deed  I  mentioned,  and  with  ^wgwl—  l«d 
taste,  remarks  "  readers  aie  at  *  Ion  to  knov 
of  what  value  it  may  be;"  next,  he  aaki  SM 
if  I  will ''  condescend  to  give  a  refmnce."  Nov 
this  deed  is  among  the  archiyes  of  FarenlMiiiy 
and  is  well  known  to  gentlemen  of  the  town  irlui 
take  an  interest  in  archieology,  so  that  it  aeama  a 
curious  way  of  arriving  at  imbrmatiop,  ashiag  a 
stranger  residing  fifty  miles  away  about  a  mattor 
pretty  well  known  in  the  locality  of  tho  inqnixer. 
Nexl^  this  writer  says,  it  strikes  him  ''aa  ex- 
tremely improbable  that  the  monks  of  FaTanham 
should  keep  a  '  guild  of  maaonsy'  unleaa  a  maMa 
and  his  hodman  were  dignified  with  that  titla." 
As  no  reason  is  given  for  this  Buppontumi  I  baft 
nothing  to  sa^  about  it.  After  thia,  I  am  aocmad 
of  exaggerating  the  number  of  houaea  belo^giif 
to  the  abbey ;  this  shows  me  that  the  panoB  iHm 
has  criticised  my  paper  is  unaoquaintod  witli  tki 
local  histories.  Jacob  says,  the  abbey  poaaaoad 
the  rents  of  342  messuages,  while  the  munba  of 
houses  in  the  whole  town  two  oenturiea  after  At 
dissolution  was  400 ;  allowing  for  additions  dmiiiif 
this  period,  I  am  curious  to  learn  by  what 
it  can  be  demonstrated  that  my  statenMOt 
hyperbolicaL  The  concluding  portion  ] 
follows :  —  "  But  even  if  the  number  of 
were  so  great,  it  should  be  remembered  that  thw 
were  chiefly  of  wood,  where  a  mason  wonld  ni 
little  to  do/'  This  reminds  me  of  the  writer  nAo 
discovered  in  a  hurry  that  St.  JosepAi  ooold  aot 
have  been  a  carpenter,  because  in  Paleatine  fta 
houses  are  made  of  stone,  so  that  St.  Joaepk  m 
in  reality  a  stonemason !  Now  when  thia  writer 
speaks  of  wooden  houses  which  do  not  ezii^I 
will  reply  by  pointing  out  houses  <*"***"g  ia 
Faversham  now,  as  reasonable  proof  that  ha  M  ia 
error.  The  steward's  house  stood  on  the 
side  of  the  court  gate  of  the  abbey :  this  baa 


appeared,  but  on  the  opposite  aide  there  jet 
remains  a  house  showing  plainly  of  what  deaflr^ 
tion  the  better  sort  were.  The  ^Qlobe"  iOy 
and  a  few  houses  adjoining,  also  belonged  to  As 
monks;  I  might  with  a  little  trouble  ''~~ 


others,  but  my  list  is  enough.  I  will  ask  ai^  rf 
your  readers  who  are  acquainted  with  the  jIms 
if  the  houses  I  have  named  could  be  deacribed  m 


wooden  P  The  ordinary  sort  of  medisdTal  hi 
were  pargetted,  consequently  they  reqnind  a 
mason  as  much  as  if  they  were  c^  stone.  The 
historian  I  have  mentioned,  speaking  of  his  oma 
time,  says  the  town  does  not  appear  to  hare  had 
any  considerable  additions  since  the  supprssrion 
of  the  abbey,  so  that  ''  a  mason  and  hie  hodman" 
could,  according  to  my  critic,  have  kept  two  tidzdi 
of  the  houses  m  repair;  yet  I  am  able  to  ' 
firms  of  builders  who  employed  aeyeral 
and,  I  presume,  several  hodmen.  I  oanao 
how  this  can  be  accounted  for,  except  bj 
posing  some  little  oversight  has  ocoanDsd. 


4*  a  IV.  Nov.  27,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


461 


In  conclusion^  I  beg  to  tbank  A.  H.  for  Bis 
reply.  I  think  the  deed  is  correctly  explained  by 
him.  I  was  rather  cautions  in  what  I*  said,  yiz. 
that  the  expression  workmen  and  masons  "  may" 
mean  the  guild.  GEOEas  Bbdo. 

6,  Palross  Road,  Brixton. 


COCKNEY  RHYME. 
(4"»  S.  iv.  29,  87, 124,  208,  325. 

Both  Keats  and  Shelley  rhyme  ApoUo  with 
foilow :  the  former  in  "  Sleep  and  Poetry,"  the 
latter  in  the  "  Hymn  of  Pan. 

In  The  Athenaeum  of  October  16,  1869,  excep- 
tion is  taken,  in  a  review  of  a  new  yolume  of 
poems,  to  the  rhymes  grasshopper,  fir;  hope, 
cnp;  thistles,  nestles;  quiet,  riot.  Now,  glancing 
cursorily  through  the  works  of  some  of  our  best 
modem  poets,  I  have  obtained  the  following  re- 
sult : — 

£[eatb,  JEndymion, — Essences,  trees ;  top,  en- 
velope ;  cadences,  breeze ;  posies,  roses. 

Lamia.— Fire,  tiar;  pas^  haste;  year,  where; 
curious,  house  ;  smoke,  took. 

S.  T.  Coleridge,  TTie  Ancient  Mariner. — ^Hear, 
mariner;  cold,  emerald;  follow,  hollo  (meaning a 
call) ;  thus,  albatross ;  groan,  one  by  one ;  gnstiti 
dust. 

Other  poems. — Guest,  dismist ;  clasping,  aspen. 

Kuhla  Khan. — ^Forced,  burst ;  saw,  A  Dora. 

Shelley,  Adonais. — Ground,  moaned;  were, 
year;  wrong,  tongue;  cheek,  break;  tomb,  be- 
come ;  dawn,  gone,  moan  :  renown,  Ghatterton. 

The  Sensitive  Plant — Sweet,  it 

Ode  to  the  Skylark. — Clear,  there ;  cloud,  oyer- 
flowed ;  wrought,  not ;  grass,  was ;  not,  fraught 

Wordsworth,  Ode  on  Intimations  of  ImmoT' 
<a?i^y.-— Sullen,  pulling. 

Charles  Lamb,  Hester. — Endeavour,  together. 

Hood,  The  Bridge  of  Sighs.^QcBxmetiiAy  cere- 
ments; constantly,  mstantly;  humanly,  womanly; 
basement,  amazement;  evidence,  eminence, proyi- 
denee ;  humbly,  dumbly. 

Tennyson,  Claribel — Boometh,  hummeth. 

The  Talking  Oak. — Was,  grass;  thrice,  mag- 
netise. 

Locksley  Hall. — Evil-starr'd,  ward ;  skies,  Panr 
dise ;  one  by  one,  Ajalon. 

liie  Goose. — Able-bodied,  nodded. 

Tlie  Dream  of  Fair  Women,  —  Sanetiiarieey 
palaces;  air,  sepulchre;  poor,  Eleanor. 

Tlie  Palace  of  Art,— V^heiefrom,  foam;  blame, 
Verulam ;  are,  there. 

The  Lady  of  ShaloU, — Early,  barley,  eheeily; 
river,  mirror. 

The  Ttco  Voices. — More,  poor,  lower. 

The  Lord  of  Burleiyh.—VonYeia^,  hen;  ixead- 
ing,  wed  in. 

To  crown  all,  let  me  quote  the  followiog  fzon 
Shelley  :— 


**  I  can  give  not  what  men  call  low, 
Bat  wilt  thoa  accept  not 
The  worship  the  heart  lilts  above, 
And  the  Heavens  reject  not?" 

J,  w.  w. 

Winchester. 


M.  MoLZA  (4*»»  S.  iv.  813.)--I  anoe  mixchaaed 
in  Paris  at  a  public  sale  a  Latin  prayer-ix)ok,  the 
rich  binding  of  which — somewhat  the  worse  fbr 
wear"— bears  the  arms  of  Ghreat  Britain.  On  the 
first  leaf  is  the  signature  of  Veronica  Molza;  to  it 
has  been  added  the  description  in  the  catalogue: 

**  No.  1364.  Jacqnes  11,  roi  d'Anglet  et  d'Bcone  (1988- 
1701),  qui  perdit  la  conronne,  paroeqaH  proftesait  le 
culte  Catholiq*,  se  retira  k  S*  Germain-en-Laye,  k  la  Gour- 
de Lotds  XI Y.  et  Alt  inhomtf  k  Paxil,  dans  I'EffUse  da 
Con^  des  Scossaia,  fkoba  S*  Antoine.  Son  livre  da 
priires  intitnltf :  L*Office  de  la  Semaine  Sainete^  Ccnigi 
de  noavean  par  le  C<miraaDdement  da  Roj,  oonftm^ 
ment  aa  Breviaire  et  Missel  de  noetie  &  P.  la  Papa  Yv 
bain  YIII,  k  Paris  chea  Ch«  Fossat,  roe  8*  Jaeqoas. 

*'N3.— Ge  livre  da  pribes  in  S*  avec  mvoxai^  fdlora 
da  temps^  maroq.  roage^  k  compartim*  tr.  d'ol^  k  la 
manitee  de  Le  Gascon,  est  anx  armes  de  Jacques  H,  fl^ 
est  reprfcenttf  daoa  le  fhmtiqiiee.  aa  pied  de  laCiNn^ 
fkisant  FolBraiida  da  Sceptre  et  de  la  GooroBM^la  Visfge 
Marie.*  lla4^enient«»parteaa4yeroiiieaMolaa.doiii 
la  signatare  aatog.  se  troava  sax  la  pfaaike  nalOe 
blandie.  Yeronica  est  fiHe  de  la  odttne  et  savante 
Taiqoinia  Moln,  chants  par  le  Tasae,  etc." 

On  the  first  and  last  leaves  of  this  prayer-book 

are  various  MS.  versea  and  sayings,  viz. : — 

M  Lliomma  ^l^e  on  front  noUe  et  regaxde  lea  deaz*" 
"  Os  homini  sablime  dedit,  cslomqae  taeri 
Jasalt"  (Orlde.) 

«  Si  I^ea  n'ezistolt  pas,  il  fandnnt  I'hiventer." 

<*  Poor  dire  oe  qa'il  cat,  H  fiuit  dtraloy-mAnM." 

<*  Loin  de  rioi  dMder  sar  cat  %tn  mnHam, 
Gardona  en  radoranl  an  silence  prorand  j 
Sa  natare  est  immensa  et  reaprit  s*y  eonfoiid| 
Poar  dire  oe  qaH  eat,  fl  fkat  etre  luy-mtaia.* 

<*La  mort  est  on  passage  et  oondnit  an  boohear." 
«<  Moaxir  n'eal  point  on  mal,  tee  mort  est  on  bkn,"  te. 

And  tt  the  laat  page : — 

"Faites  deoMS  yeoz  deoz  fontaiao  (sfe). 

Poor  taxir  fazete  da  maa  peiiiss; 

Sons  I'azete  des  ptooxa  et  dai  pkinta  (sioX 

Tootaa  loaa  fofeoa  sent  tfteintea." 

«Sidiea  poav<^  toe  aa  compooi,  la  baaoltf  snoil  «a 
corpa  et  la  verta  son  ime." 

*<La  verta  soos  le  chaome  e*eat   [digne  de]   noa 

nODBMUBBS* 

Laeriniasoaaladajasilataiianrdnsag^ 

P.  A.  lb 

Pahilt  Of  Hava&d  (2^  a  ix.  864>— It  wt» 
not  <« when  Doc  deLenchtenberg"  €tuXEna^M 
Beavhaniais  married  the  lorely  Prineen  AmMt, 
diwighter  of  King  Mifmilian-Joeeph  oT  Bmoi^ 
bat  M   Freneh   prince   and  vieefoy  of  Itilfy 

*  TUi  la  aa  enofy  the  engraving  repxeaenU  Looia  JLl  V  • 
yoang»  kneding. 


462 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«k8,iy.Nor.S7t' 


eolemnly  adopted  by  Napoleon,  and  designated 
as  his  successor  in  1806.  It  was  only  after  the 
restoration  of  the  Bourbons  that  the  noble  Prince 
Eugdne  retired  to  Bavaria,  with  the  title  of  Due 
de  Leuchtenberg.  P.  A.  L. 

Old  French  Words  (4«»  S.  iv.  96, 178,  341.) 
Is  your  correspondent  Balch  aware  that  on  her 
tomb  at  Loches  the  name  of  Agnes  Sorel  is 
written  Seurelle  ?  The  inscription  is  remarkable 
for  its  touching  simplicity.  It  is  now  many  years 
since  I  read  it,  but  1  think  it  runs  thus : — 

«Cy  gist  noble  demoiselle  Agnbse  Seurelle,  Dame 
dMssoudun,  Dame  de  Beauts,  qui  d^c^da  le  etc.  Elle  fut 
pitcuse  envers  toutes  gens." 

Raoul. 

Labouring  under  a  Mistaxe  (4^*»  S.  iv.  56, 363.) 
It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  the  expression 
''  labouring  under  a  mistake "  was  at  any  time 
used  in  the  sense,  and  only  in  the  sense,  of  per- 
forming some  piece  of  manual  labour  whilst  under 
a  delusion.  It  may,  indeed,  often  have  been  the 
case  that  a  man  has  walked  twenty  miles  on  the 
first  of  April,  and  has  been  gratified  on  being 
informed  that  he  has  been  '*  labouring  under  a 
mistake."  But  even  in  such  a  conjuncture  of  cir- 
cumstances the  word  labour  does  not  refer  to  the 
bodily  exertion  which  he  in  particular  }\&s  under- 
gone, although  it  contains  an  allusion  to  bodily 
exertion  in  general ;  but  is  used  metaphorically 
to  force  upon  the  mind  of  the  hearer  a  vivid 
image  of  a  man  suffering  from  a  mistaken  notion, 
whether  exertion  is  entailed  or  not.  The  best 
explanation  perhaps  is  to  be  found  in  the  German 
equivalent  to  our  word  labour  used  in  the  above 
sense,  which  is  zu  kiimpfen  or  sich  midlen,  mean- 
ing to  struggle^  to  labour y  to  groan  unaer  a  mistake. 
Our  hunchbacked  friend  who  is  wheeled  about 
in  a  Bath  chair  is  described  as  labouring  under 
a  deformity ;  and  our  unfortunate  acquaintance 
who  has  been  bedridden  for  years  is  described  as 
labouring  under  a  disease.  It  is  obvious,  then, 
that  the  expression  to  "  labour  under  a  mistake," 
although  it  contains  an  allusion  to  hard  work,  is 
used  only  to  strike  a  forcible  picture  on  the  ima- 
gination, without  any  reference  to  such  a  calamity 
taking  place.  Julian  Sharman. 

5,  Queensborough  Terrace,  W. 

Laborare  (whence  labour)  is  used  of  mental 
perplexity  and  suffering,  as  well  as  of  physical 
toil.  Fnends  sundered  through  misunderstand- 
ing, on  seeing  their  error  and  being  reconciled, 
say  that  they  have  laboured  under  a  mistake,  i.  e. 
suffered  mentally.  Does  not  this  exemplify  the 
original  and  correct  use  of  the  phrase  ?  The  force 
of  the  expression  has  gradually  disappeared,  so 
that  now  *'  I  laboured  under  a  mistake  "  is  gene- 
rally synonymous  with  *'  I  was  mistaken." 

J.  G. 

Whitby. 


"Prison  Pibtie"  akd  Saxuel  Spxbd  (4* 
S.  iv.  305.)— Watt,  though  a  valuable  lelmBca^ 
is  not  always  to  be  trusted  as  a  good  Mithoritj. 
Off  my  guard  in  the  latter  resj^eet,  I  liave  too 
hastily  followed  him  in  identifying  the  Yicar  of 
Godalming  with  the  author  of  PnmmPidm^  kfi. 
This  last,  I  have  now  every  reason  to  believB,  WMa 
layman,  and  that  we  need  not  go  farther  to  look 
for  him  than  the  imprints  upon  the  worka  'whSA 
bear  his  name,  they  being  both  "  printed  for  S.  8."; 
and  at  the  end  of  Prison  Pietie  is  a  ''list  of  booki 
printed  for  Samuel  Speed "  |  while  another  poV 
lication  purports  to  be  '^  pnnted  for  SamT  BfmL 
at  the  sign  of  the  Bain-Bow  in  Reet  Street* 
Taking  this  with  the  real  Samuel's  admisrini 
that  the  plague  and  fire  having  rendered  him 
incapable  of  managing  his  affairs  with  the  turn 
success  as  formerly  (more  likely  bookselling  eft  As 
Rainbow  than  clerical  duties  at  GMalming),  Us 
creditors  had  driven  him  to  Ludgate,  &Uf|.I 
think,  acquit  the  vicar  of  perpetrating  (he  inooB- 
gruous  works  in  question.  If  more  evidenoe  ii 
this  direction  is  wanted,  I  think  we  have  it  in  fts 
fact  that  Samuel  Speed,  stationer,  of  St.  Dansln^i 
parish,  came  under  arrest  by  the  authorities  ii 
1G66,  being  charged  with  publishing  and  dispea- 
ing  seditious  books  tending  to  unloose  the  naas 
of  government,  and  for  the  mscontinuanceof  wbich 
he  had  to  give  a  bond  for  SOOL ;  herenpOBi  m 
May  26,  a  warrant  issued  for  his  diacham  mm 
custody.  This  I  learn  from  Mrs.  Green's  Grindtar 
of  Domestic  Events  for  16G5-6,  and^  show  thst 
besides  being  sent  to  prison  by  his  creditOH^ 
Speed  was  a£o  placed  in  durance  by  the  uuven- 
ment— so  that  in  him  we  have  a  man  who  kod 
the  opportunities  of  becoming  familiar  with  pri- 
sons and  prison  life.  In  the  matter  of  the  plsgii- 
risms  charged,  had  my  copy  of  his  derotioMl 
book  not  been  robbed  of  its  portrait,  I  mighty  oi 
the  part  of  the  author,  have  pleaded  that  the  no- 
minence  he  had  given  to  the  names  of  Himeit 
and  Quarles  thereon  was  an  intimatioii  to  kk 
readers  that  he  had  worked  up  both  these  poeli 
in  his  Manual, 

Finally,  I  may  here  add,  that  administnilta 
was  granted  in  1681  to  the  estate  of  one  SanaBl 
Speed  of  Stepney,  probably  the  man  wsnle|| 
although  this  is  the  date  given  by  Watt  Ibr  fts 
death  of  the  Vicar  of  Godalming.  J.  Ol 

Steam-ships  Predicted  (4*^  S.  iv.  29,  94^ 
144.) — If  history  is  correct,  steam  navigation  mnst 
have  been — more  than  predicted— experimentsj 
on  long  before  the  time  mentioned  by  your  oofis- 
spondents.  The  first  suggestion  seems  to  be  dee 
to  Jonathan  Hulls,  who  published  a  tract  in  1787 
which  contains  a  plate  representing  a  boat  with  A 
paddlewheel  at  tne  stem,  propeliMl  by  a  sfesaa- 
engine,  and  towing  after  it  a  vessel  of  war:  bs 
took  out  a  patent,  but  the  scheme  was  a  Mtniei 
nis  suggestion,  however,  was  practically -tried  Ijf 


•  S.  IV.  Nov.  27. 


'0 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


468 


the  Marquis  de  Jouffroy.who  constructed  n  stenm-  < 
boat  witn  which  he  in  1782  made  nmiit>ruu3  cs-  j 
periments  on  the  Sonne  at  Lynna.  Pive  ^onrs 
Uter,  a  Scotchman,  Mr.  Pat.  Miller  of  Dabwintun. 
described  in  a  pamphlet  a  new  species  of  vossol 
lie  had  invented  to  he  driven  by  paddle  wheels.  ' 
The  engine  to  work  which  was  made  ucd  !l\ed 
into  ft  pleasure  boat  bj  WilL  Syniingioii,  and 
tiiad  with  considerable  success  on  the  lalio  of 
Dalswinton.  In  the  year  following  Mr.  Miller 
constructed  a  boat  which  was  tried  iu  17^!)  on  ' 
the  Forth  and  Clyde,  and  attained  a.  spewed  of 
nearly  seven  miles  an  hour. 

In  HerOttie  Spiriiualivm  Liber,  4to,  Urbini,  1>"G,  ' 
will  be  found  a  notice  of  the  Urst  application  of  i 
steam  as  a  motive  power.  The  Marquix  ut'  Wot-  I 
cesterin  a  little  work  published  in  106:1,  untitled  I 
A  Century  of  the  Names  and  Scantling.^  of  Iiimi-  \ 
tiont,  describes  a  method  of  employing  f]ic  pres- 
sure of  steam  for  raising  water  to  greni  hii^rlits.  ' 
Thomas  Savery,  an  ]<]nglishinan,  has  thi^  iTi^lit  t,( 
having  made  the  first  actual  workiiij^  sleani- 
engine  of  which  wo  have  any  account,  aud  lor  ; 
which  he  obtuned  a  patent  in  1608. 

Harbi  Sasdars.    ' 
Oifiird,  j 

IJaklibsi  Specimen  op  Papeb  (i'^  S,  iv.  HG,  ' 
146.)-~Paper  made  with  linen  rags  nppear.-^  to  be  I 
of  earlierdate  than  that  assigned  by  Koiip  ( \:Ui). 
Dr.  Prideauz  assures  us  he  had  seen  a  ri>j>i?ior  of 
some  Acts  of  John  Crauden,  prior  of  Ely,  inside  ..n  I 
rinen  paper  which  bears  date  1320.'  lie  also  I 
were  that  the  earliest  specimen  of  linen  p"per  ! 
bears  the  seal  and  sigoaturc  of  Adolphus  Ciniot  of 
Schomberg,  in  the  university  of  Reutelen  iu  fJer-  I 
manj,  dated  1239,  with  a  letter  from  Joiuvillo  to  i 
Louis,  about  the  year  1200.  Amongst  IIil-  r.H'onU 
preserved  in  the  Tower  of  London  is  n  letter 
ftddressed  to  Hen.  IIL,  and  written  previously  to 
1222,  which  appears  to  be  on  strong  paper  of 
mixed  materials.  P'rom  the  yavoitdiers  BijbUiil 
for  1863,  pp.  xiv.  xv.,  it  appears  that  linen  paper  I 
waa  well  known  in  the  twelfth  conturj-.  i'etrna  [ 
Cluniacensis,  a  writer  in  the  first  half  uf  tlmt  I 
century,  alludes  to  paper  in  his  Tradnhi'  conlin  I 
Judttos.  Stow  tells  ua  cotton  paper  wa.-}  in  use  in 
1000,  but  that  from  linen  rags  not  bufore  ViV.). 
I  have  seen  it  somewhere  stated  that  the  most 
ancient  manuscript,  on  cotton  paper,  with  the 
date  lOoO,  is  in  the  Imperial  Librarj-  at  Piiris, 
and  another  in  the  Emperor's  Library  at  \icunaj, 
dated  1095.  Casiri  professed  to  have  discovered* 
the  real  place  from  whence  paper  came,  Iu  tlia 
middle  of  the  seventh  century  a  maniifuctory  of 
pBp«r  from  silk  existed  at  Samarcund  (Ol?),  and 
in 706  one  Youzef  Amiiiof  Mecca  discovir^jd  the 
art  of  raaling  it  with  cotton  (the  produce  of  lLr> 
Arab  country).  And  a  learned  Greeic,  eniployerl 
in  forming  a  catalogue  of  the  old  MSS.  for  ILeu."!!. 
of  France,  always  called  the  article  "Damascus 


paper."  Further,  a  Chinese  author  of  the  third 
century  gives  a  minute  description  of  the  manner 
in  which  the  Chinese  tore  up  their  garment^ 
reduced  them  into  pulp,  and  muie  paper.  Lastly, 
in  the  introduction  to  vol.  i.  of  Morrison's  Chmem 
Dictionary,  we  are  told  "paper  was  invented  in 
China  by  a  person  named  iW-Lon,  about  the  end 
of  the  first  century."  H&rkt  Sahsabs. 

OiAnL 

Tbx  BnuoaBAFBT  of  Axohxbt  (4*^  S,  iv.  830,) 
Among  the  bibliognphr  of  archery,  the  vei; 
exhaustive  work  on  its  history  by  Walter  Michau 
Moaeley  is  comparativelT  little  known.  It  waa 
printed  at  Worcester,  1792.  Its  learned  author 
resided  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Bewdley,  and 
was  proprietor  of  tne  estate  and  ruined  abciey  of 
Buildwas,DearWenlocktnShropbhire.  He  contri- 
buted an  account  of  that  Cislennan  monastery  to 
the  well-knownworkof  Britten  on  Archiiaittrail 
Anii^atiet.  Mr.  Moeeley  was  a  deep  acholar, 
and  devoted  ranch  time  to  astronomical  obser- 
vation during  his  rendence  in  Warceeterahire, 
His  essay  on  archery  displan  reaeorch  into  the 
literature  of  all  ogeo,  rarely  equalled  by  any 
writer.  He  died  in  1837,  and  I  have  oft«i  oV 
served  his  singular  arms — "A  chevron  betweMi 
three  mill-picks  oisent"-— on  histombetone  in  the 
pictnresane  ehuichyard  of  Astley  in  this  nei^- 
bourhood.  Taos.  E.  WnnmrsTOir. 

Stanford  Court,  Worcotsr. 

JoBiPB  Runnri,  thi  Attthob  or  "Bootob 
ANToif  10  "  (4*  S.  iv.  270,) — To  my  tuoffraphical 
notes  of  this  celebrated  author  I  hxn  foivotten 
to  add  two  foot-notes,  one  lelating  to  the  Aench 
translation  of  Loratso  JBemam,  wtueh  UtfJM  tha 
author  thereof  a  count ;  the  other  to  tbeSngUeli 
title  of  "  the  humoria^  description  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Old  England  in  Paria,  which  Krofeseor 
Stabr  only  knew  through  the  medium  of  e  French 
translation  {vide  mO,  p.  270.) 

The  title  of  the  French  tranalaticm  of  Zorama 


"  La  eomts  Bofini  (lie)  (Lorsoso  Bo 
baawdmr  de  SsrdslpM.  llrimoIiM  i 
Farij  (Ubrslrls  ITtntveUs),  ISU." 


nl'ijAiuAei 
a  CoDapii 


ecompanied  W  an  avait-prtpoi  (yid»  anii, 
a.),  bom  -which  I  estnct  the  foUow- 


Itii 
pp,  V, 
iDg:  — 

"  L'snlenr  de  cat  onvnge.  If.  GiovaanI  Bnflni  (oe),  da 
Otnn,  St  lea  pHndpsoz  penonnssas  quH  met  en  sctoe, 
ont  M  Ikdlmmt  reeonnM  sods  ms  psendoOTmes  sdb- 
stltoA  k  lean  v<rltalilcs  Mmi^  csi  ess  ptssoimagss,  <atn 
sutiea  le  oaUnt  Hsaiinl  (appeU  FantasU  dens  ess  lU- 
moires),  stut  toes  hlstoiiqnsnisnt  sssoeUe  aoz  diven 
monrements  i^volntioDoaint  qei  imt  sgltri  la  pMnsvIa 
itsUflunsdqiDlBlSSOJaMia'ealSia,''    .... 

"  Le  sooois  da  ItaTRM  a  M  grand  m  AaiJatsne,  ob 
n  a  Mk  n  trolsMltioBS.  Heqse«p&aasqa'anaMra|isi 
moimlie  m  rranes  St  en  ntooot,  llntnprtle  ftiBcelB  de 
rentMur  Btei  nrant  rendu  sa  psDsA  St  son  et^  BtsM  erae 
Ttotwprtte  «t  M.  Jolse 


464  NOTES  AND  QUERIES.  [4*  s.  ir.  Kot.  «7, «•! 

Gounnez,  avee  la  collaboration  de  M.  Ainad^  Pichot,  ;  Frendnnan.  The  ftrtide  could  no^  I  eouttfi^ 
directeur  do  la  Retnu  britoMique,  oil  a  paru  la  premiere  \^  correctly  omitted,  and  the  phrtM  dumld  Vl 
partie  de  Lorenzo  BenonL"  «  Toujours  de  la  perdrix,"  or  "  Toajoon  dflt  pw- 

This  French  tranfllation,  then,  is  very  fair,  but  -  drix/^  according  as  singular  or  plnnil  wve  wi. 
does  not  come  up  to  the  German  one  by  Augusta    If  I  am  wrong,  your  French  cotiespondMit  ]idl 


Lewald  (vk/c  ant^,  pp.  270,  271.)                             j  doubtless  correct  me.                 WiLLlAlf  Ril 

The  English  title  of  the  DScouverte  de  Paris  Birmingham. 

par  wie  Famille   anglaise  (vide  ant6,  p.  270),  I  The  only  proverbs  quoted  by  littrf  in  hu  n^ 

take  to  be  The  Paragreem  on  a  Vtsit  to  Parw— a  exhaustive  French  Dictionary,  as  connected  yA 

work  which  must  have  appeared  a  short  time  after  :  the  use  of  this  word,  are  the  following : — 

(or  during)  the  Great  French  Exhibition  of  1856.  „  a  la  Saint-Remi  tons  perdreanx  mt  petdris^  tfM4. 

I  only  know  it  from  Baron  Tauchnitz  s  copynffht  :  dire  iU  ne  sont  plus  aasez  jennes  pour  Ctn  dite  p«di 


reprint  (vol.  ex,  Leipzig,  1869),  where  the  author  —On  mange  bien  des  perdrix  sans  orange,  t\t/k  4  jlie  I 
is  wrongly  named  John  HufBni.  It  is,  especially  faot  savoir  se  contenter  d'nne  bonne  chon,  Hoa  y  dtfnr 
chapters  i.-xiv.,  full  of  what   foreigners    style  |  ^"*P  **•  rafflnMn^ntfc"  irA<«ay. 

humor;  but  does  not  come  up  to  the  full  English  '  MACEIt 

realisation  of  that  word  as  exemplified  by  such  The  story  is  at  least  as  old  aa  the  CM  NmmikB 
authors  as  Thackeray,  Dickens,  Lever,  not  to  men-  .  NouveUes,  compiled  between  1456  and  1401  fat  At 


tion  ''  the  English  humorists."     Sometimes  the  ,  amusement  of  the  Dauphin  of  Fnmce.  aftei 
fun  of  the  thing  becomes  painful.  |  Louis  XI.|  by  tiie  noblemen  and  genttemen  of  Ui 

Heemavn  Kindt.    I  court. 
Germany.  !      It  is  the  tenth -of  the  series.    The  piiaeBd 


Although  I  have  heaps  of  the  deluded  imita-    favourite  page. 

tors  of  Bums,  the  poems  of  Alexander  Clerk,  to  ',      Is  there  not  some  old  English  proverb 

which  he  has  traced  ''The  Potato,"  is  one  of  these  akin  to  the  French  one,  whose  origin  I  hsteir 
obscures  hitherto  unknown  to  me;  but  as  Mr.  the  first  time  learned  from  "N.  k  Q."?  ft 
Eamage  still  thinks  it  may  be  borrowed  from  '  Walter  Scott  seems  to  refer  to  sometliing  of  fle 
Lapraik  or  Tait,  let  me  assure  him  that  neither  sort  when  in  RedgauntlH  he  makes  his  h&n  aj, 
have  a  claim.  A.  B.  G.'s  memory  does  not  alto-  I  apropos  of  the  attentions  of  the  younsr  ladf 
gether  deceive  him  in  thinking  the  verses  may  be  I  he  did  not  know  to  be  his  sister:  "One  n 
found  in  the  extraordinary  volume  of  Alexander  '  very  fond  of  partridge  to  accept  it  when  tfann 
Tait,  the  mad  poet  of  Tarbolton ;  for  on  looking    in  one's  face  '■  (Narrative,  c.  iv).  On. 

down  the  table  of  contents,  I  see  not  less  than        x        n       -itt  /o^  a     •  on/\     A^a  i^ 

three  pieces  upon  the  potato-on  its  cultivation,  ■  «,J^^^I.^i  Windows  (S'*  S.  xu  S^JJ^^ 
its  cooking,  and  a  song  in  praise  thereof;  but  a    ^0— Without  entering  on  the  sn^act  of  kv 


sample  of  the  last  will  show  that  Tait's  treatment  .  "^®  windows  I  may  state  t^t  I  hm 
of  Ws  subject  bears  no  resemblance  to  the  verses    thought  the  expression  in  Feckbanis  Obm 
wanted.    The  reader  is  instructed  to  sing  the  fol-     "  P^t«r  campana  m  uno  l^ore,^  to 
lowing  to  the  tune  of  «  Auld  Sir  Symon^' :—  ,  chtmmg  or  ioUmg  bb  distrnM^ 

"Potatoes!  thy  name  HI  no  smother;  '  Jj«  v  T^'VI'''^^  ^  ♦  ^^  WW*  <# 

I'll  make  thee  to  ring  like  a  beU ;  the  bell.    I  should  have  thought  that  if 

Thoa  fed  my  father  and  mither,  of  the  church  had  been  meant|  the  eo 

And  I  live  upon  thee  mysel*.  [  would  have  been  more  precise.  X  T.  R 

"  I  get  tatiea  to  breakfast,  wi*  butter ;  The  College,  Harstpiacpoint. 

I  ^l  S'^'^^yliSriS  st™? '  Wtvell  Family  (4*  8.  iv.  m)— I  ihj  It 

At  night  then  I  sleep  Uke  a  tap."  very  glad  to  assist  Dr.  DAWSOgr-DromCD  in  »- 

.«^^   ^^X  Z^^}^  .r^"?,  .^T"^]y  ^>^  *«    ffrLSfb?t%7pSt  all  the  2SnJr„ 
candid  as  the  Paisley  tailor,  it  is  feared  a  sense  of  ,  inscription  "  No*^ Thoroughfare."    IliATe » 
gratitude  would  have  made  the  theme  rather  the    ^^  ^  ^he  Herald  and  Oeneahgid,  and  Ujtm 
rule  than  the  exception,  as  this  inquiry  shows  it  to  i  correspondent  could  kindly  sentfme  a  Ikt  eT  ftl 
nave  Deen.  j.  U.    i  twenty-seven  quarterings   which   he   BamM^  it 

'*  TorjoTTRS  Pbrdrix  "  (4^  S.  iv.  336.)— I  ven-    might  enable  me  to  throw  some  liriit  on  ^  w- 
tore  to  suggest  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  use    ject.    Do  they  include  any  of  the  foIlowiBg  flfeal* 
this  saying,  that  it  is  an  elliptical  form  of  expres-    lies  P — 
rion  which  would  scarcely  be  employed  by  a        Steingiere,  Si  John  of  Bering,  Rnde^  OMI^ 


"•S-IV.  Nov.2T,'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


4Sfi 


Kingston,  fioDTille,  Ferrus  of  Orabj,  Coorteuay 
of  Deyon,  Faucooberg  of  Kent,  Aipale,  Beau- 
dump,  StuteTille,  BradestoD. 

The  Brewer  arms  may  have  come  in  with  the 
Wake,  once  Baldwin  Waits  (who  died  1213) 
mairied  Isabel,  daughter  (qj.  heir)  of  William  de 
£rewer.  Ueeilgkibudb. 

LASKNA(4'^S.iv.  313.)  — This  woidia  Latin. 
Ainswotth  has  "  Lagetta,  a  flegon,  a  lUak,  a  itone 
bottle."  Halliwell,  Archaic  IHct.  ii.  601,  tajs, 
"  Laggen,  Ifortk,  the  gtave  of  a  caak."  O'Reillv'a 
Iritk  Diet,  has  "  Lagan,  a  little  cavity."  In  Gaelic 
iagan  means  also  "  the  meal  receiver  in  a  mill." 
Our  word  firkin  is  of  Saxon  ongin,  and  mesne  the 
fourth  part  of  a  barrel;  barrel  is  Welsh,  meaning 
a  rouna  wooden  vessel,  a  cask ;  but  the  quantity 
vaiies  in  manj  places.  Mb.  SsisLEr  baa  certainly 
hit  the  right  nail  on  the  head.  A.  H, 

QuoiATiON  (4*  S.  iv.  336.)— 

"Age  ia  the  heaviest  burdan,"  &c. 

This  is  from  the  Greek  of -Pherecratea.  Tbe 
translation  is  by  Cumberland,  and  is  given  in  the 
seventv-eightb  number  of  The  Observtr. 

H.  P.  D. 

EseiiBH  Wdjes  (4"'S.iv,  293.)- Those  in- 
terested in  this  subject  may  like  to  know  that  real 


'  flrat  instance,  and  Btim  in  t^laat;  but  in  T«,  IJT. 
;  11  they  have  quite  mistaken  the  sense,  nadin^ 
'  S/m  npi^m-riu.  Simon  and  Hchhoni  give  tlui 
I  word  tiie  meaning  oC  gemittu,  groaning;  ttapirium, 
sighing,  but  as  occunin^  in  this  sense  only  in 
Ezek.  li.  10;  Oaseniui  citea  for  a  like  meaning 
Jer.  siviii.  31,  and  Ii.  xvL  7.  Tbe  notion  3 
I  moamiag  comes  aUo  bom  a  kindiod  root  not  now 
found  in  Hebrew,  but  preserved  in  Arabic,  and  in 
,  the  Hebrew  derivative  J'SJ,  ha-gig,  (P».  v,  2, 
.  izxiz.  4).  I  niiDect  the  Oreeka  themselves  som^ 
times  confounded  liffjii  vrith  iiJpBi;  and  some  coo- 
fuaion  may  have  arisen  amongst  critica  between 
itiKkn  in  the  nominatiTS  case  and  the  geiutive  of 
liiKat,  but  the  last  word  does  not  itsuf  convej 
the  notion  of  wretchedneaLwhich  must  be  drawn 
from  the  context ;  thus  Hectib.  82,  ({h  ti  m^^« 
74i|>iw  )«pa!f,  "  some  etraln  vrill  come  moimfill  to 
the  mouinful ; "  the  same  word,  nixas,  woold  have 
been  used  if  the  sense  had  been  "  some  ttiaaa  irill 


9,  the  true  fermented  juice  of  the  grape,  is  adll 
made  in  England,  Mr.  Darkin,  builder,  of  Bury 
St.  Edmunda,  annually  concerts  the  produce  of 
8t  Peter's  Vineyard,  varying  from  one  ton  to  h  jf 
a  ton  in  weight,  into  excellent  wine,  resembling 
champagne.  No  brandy  ia  used,  and  but  little 
sugar  or  water,  and  the  result  is  from  one  pipe  to 
half  a  pipe  of  wine,  according  to  the  season.  The 
grapes  are  grown  in  tbe  open  air,  but  are  equal  in 
quality  to  mucli  of  what  ia  grown  under  glMS,  the 
vines  having  the  advantage  of  a  south  aspect,  and 
being  grown  against  a  lofty  wall,  backed  up  by 
solid  chalk,  the  apot  having  formerly  been  a  chalk- 
pit. Vkbita. 
MEAOS  (4""  S.  iv.  204.)— The  Vulgate  in  trana- 
lating  nyn,  M-ghe  (Ezek.  ii.  10),  by  c<a-men,  fol- 
lowed the  example  of  tbe  LXX  in  rendering  it 
itihtt,  which  is  properly  "  a  meoaured  poem ;  "but 
both  are  wrong  in  this  inatance.  The  original 
word  b  not  only  applied  in  its  primitive  sense  to 
"  meditation,"  and  the  resulta  of  meditation^  as  "a 
poem,"  recited  or  written,  but  alao  to  the  inarti- 
culate criea  of  mun  and  animala,  which,  according 
to  ancient  notiona,  were  ascribed,  if  involuntary,  to 
adeitj.  These  sounds  were  used  by  sorcerers;  and 
menUon  of  aucb  incantation  occurs  in  Isaiah  viii. 
19,  rendered  in  the  English  verson  "  mutter,"  and 
in  tbe  LXX  ot  ix  t^i  xtuxlas  furmm,  or  according 
to  Grabe's  text  tki  t-froaTpwiStvi,  both  having  ' 
tbe  Bome  meaning,  ventrito^uidt.  So  the  eooiMf  ^ 
of  a  dove  (la.  xixviii.  14,  lix.  11),  the  roaring  of  i 
« lion  (la.  zxzi.  4) ;  the  LXX  use  f»Atr»  in  tbe 


,  irful  to  tbe  joyful,"    The 
tion  appLiea  to  this  author's  I^KOiiua,  lOGO^- 
'liffar  fi»ir,  fitii/, 
'Iflsr  iti*M,  fi^Jkw, 


strain,'' where  the  onr  ana  sfrum  are  both  ([ualifled 
~  moun^iiljUbr.    B><  iaalMNf  ay  OE 


cry. — a  moomfBl  err,  a  ai 

by  the  word  moun^iit,  Him.    I  ,    .  ,  ._ 

tAomt !  it  ia  frequently  used  bj  Homw  •■  a  bttttle 
cry  (A  ii.  MS,  &&) ;  alao  for  the  r^w  of  th*  asi 
(Od.  zsir.  48).  U4\ia  ia  uaed  alao  bj  Honor 
(ihrar,  418)  where  Mareory  is  «trikin((  bia  ploA* 
bum  on  the  hatp,  cnA  iti\in,  Apollo  laogfaa  at  it 
with  delight, — 

In  tJie  •me  ^y  of  Eunpdaa  (1621)  the  riddle 
of  the  Sphinx  ia  called  lUKtt.  This  word  and  ita 
Greek  inflexiona  have  boMi  intiodnoed  1^  the 
Latin  poeta  as  meloi,  and  they  ose  it  in  nfuvnoo 
to  meamr*,  that  ia,  aa  to  length  or  abortiMM  of 
ayllablea  (metre),  and  aa  to  dention  or  d^m^ 
Bon  of  TOMB  (melody) ;  bat  it  haa  i 


a  iii.  10)  aaya  tha  melot  b. 
tbe  word  (aenliment),  tke  ItaimoBy  (melody,  in 
themodemaense),  andthedythm;  aodkatanna 
the  wailiaga  and  i«'~>"*«*m*'«  in  written  ^'■■'P'^ 
sitionB  Sfi^Mta  ifiurtv,  tfim  and  thnitl  An»- 
totle  (FotL  tL  4)  Dsaa  tiiia  wocd  in  a  moM  linited 
aenae  in  dividing  tbe  pleaai^  aantinunt  of  tbe 
tragedian  into  rhythm,  naimoaj  (=  melody),  end 
nwE»  (=  lyric  form).  T.  J.  Bitoxtof. 

Stkbllbt  Aim  ViTAaora  (4»*  8.  iv.  383.)— In 
Ibe  flariaiao  MB.  1400,  foL  7^  is  tbe  foUowing 


a  ooonectian  with  tbe  Vavaeoc  ped^n^ 
ir  Bobvt  Strdlej,  Enia^  in  tbe  80  Sd.  L 

married  BliMbetb,  dMiffbtei  to  Willi« 
«afHBilewood,inYari^ira.  Tliiaatil*- 
ia  atfftKM  bj  MTMal  mmmidgti  in  tti 


466 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*^  &  1 V.  Nov.  f7, « 


above-named  collection^  with  the  exception  of  one 
(see  1420,  foL  121  b.)  which  is  as  follows :  —  Sir 
Kobert  Strelley  married  Elizabeth,  dauffhter  of 
Robert  Vavasor  of  Haslewood,  the  son  of  William 
Vavasor  of  the  same  place.  1  should  feel  inclined 
to  take  the  first-mentioned  account  as  being  the 
most  authentic,  as  it  is  also  confirmed  by  Collins 
in  his  English  BaronetagCj  ii.  131.  W.  "N\  inters. 
Waltham  Abbey. 

Doctor  Thomas  Fuller  and  the  Westmin- 
ster Petition  to  the  King  ^4'**  S.  iv.  364.) — 
Your  reply  to  Ba.  implies  that  it  wcis  cus- 
tomary to  give  a  B.  I),  the  honorary  title  of 
'*  Dr.''  by  anticipation  ;  but  could  you,  or  any  of 
3'our  readers,  show  that  such  a  practice  was 
common  at  the  time  alluded  to  P 

Allow  me  to  point  out  that  worthy  old  Fuller 
was  connected  with  a  petition  from  Westminster 
to  the  king  in  favour  of  peace.  Fuller,  as  you 
truly  observe,  preached  peace  in  those  troubled 
days ;  but  he  i\ao  practised  it,  yea,  pursued  it  (as 
he  might  have  said),  bringing  it  m  (as  he  did 
say  in  a  rare  tract  I  was  lately  reading)  by  leave 
of  his  text  in  every  sermon.  Hence  it  is  not 
imnatural  to  meet  with  him  with  such  petitions 
in  his  pocket  His  connection  with  this  petition 
is  undoubted,  resting  as  it  does  on  his  own  autho- 
rity. Heylin  (Carlyle*s  "  lying  Peter  **),  jealous 
of  Oxford  his  Alma  Mater ^  foimd  fault  with  Fuller 
for  complaining  of  its  deamess,  which  had  ruined 
him,  and  he  jeered  him  for  fleeing  thither.  Part 
of  Fuller's  reply  to  this  ill-natured  taunt  is  as 
follows : — 

*'  I  was  once  sent  up  thither  [Oxford]  from  London, 
(e/ii<7  one  ^f^^  *ix  v>ho  were  chosen  to  cariy  a  petition  for 
peace  to  his  Majest3%  from  the  City  of  JVestmifuter  and 
the  liberties  thereof,  though  in  the  way  remanded  bv  the 
ParlUment."— ^jDjpea/,  ed.  18 10,  pt.  u.  444. 

Could  this  have  been  the  petition  alluded  to  by 
your  querist  ?  For  some  time  past  I  have  busied 
myself  with  an  adequate  memoir  of  Fuller,  but  I 
have  never  been  able  to  recover  the  particulars  of 
this  petition,  although  I  have  made  careful  inquiry 
after  it  The  ditlerence  in  the  number  of  the 
bearers  of  the  petition — "  Dr.  Fuller  with  three 
others ''  in  **  Ba  s  "  petition ;  and  "  I,  one  of  the 
six,''  in  that  here  mentioned^cannot  easily  be  ex- 
plained. The  title  Doctor  appears  to  me  to  be  the 
chief  difficulty. 
•  To  this  same  "  Doctor  "  Fuller,  whose  Christian 
name  is  so  often  omitted  to  tantalise  one,  I  will, 
by  your  leave,  return  next  week. 

John  E.  Bailey. 
8,  Warwick  Street,  Hulme,  Manchester. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  Dr.  Fuller,  the 
church  historian,  being  one  of  the  fuur  (Kuesell's 
Zi/e  of  Fuller,  p.  1;39,  mys^fire)  appointed  to  pre- 
sent to  Charles  1.  at  Oxford  the  petition  for  peace. 
The  difficulty  arising  from  liis  being  then  called 
Doctor  (whereas  he  was  not  D.D.  till  1G61.  S.  T.  P. 


per  Literas  Begias)  may  be  explained  by  n  cH 
custom,  which  I  shall  be  glad  to  have  cuuliaiil 
by  testimony  additional  to  the  solitary  ease  I  n^ 
ceed  to  note  :  —  Fifty  years  since  I  inquiiM  on 
entering  a  church  withm  the  City  limita.  "Doei 
Mr.  L.'"  (who  was  then  and  who  died  lLA.of 
Cambridge)  "  preach  to  day  P  "  «  No>  «r,"  it- 
plied  an  ancient  beadle,  <'  the  DoeUr  ia  est  of 
town,  and  at  his  living  in  the  coontiy.^  I  noliflil 
to  a  clerical  friend  the  singularity  of  oalling  Ifit 
L.  <'  Doctor,"  he  being  plain  M. A.  My  friend  »- 
plied,  ^'  The  old-fashioned  beadlee  and  pew-opflBH 
always  call  the  incumbent  ''the  DoctoTi"  to  db* 
tinguish  him  from  ^e  curate  or  lectiuer.  I  beliait 
it  is  the  common  practice  so  to  describe  the  note 
or  vicar  in  City  churches,  at  least  by  the  oAflUb 
you  have  mentioned.''  Dr.  Fuller,  the  only  BL& 
at  the  date,  may  have  been  caUed  Docior  If 
courtesy,  but  would  hardly  have  oventeted  !■ 
academical  position  in  a  netition  he  " 

joined  in  presenting  to  the  king. 
Fuller  nimself  save :  — 


!  **  The  name  of  Doctor  is  threefold,—!.  For  a 
large,  extant  in  Scripture, '  Art  thou  a  Doetor  la  laaAV 
(John  iii.  10).  2.  As  a  title  of  dignity,  fixed  byatodi^ 
of  learned  men  on  some  eminent  person  amount  IhMi 
3.  For  one  solemnly  and  ceremonioiislj  gmdoaM  )ra 
professor  in  some  particular  faealty,  and  the  void  laM 

'■  sense  is  not  of  so  great  seniority." — Appmi^hdmti 
Innocence,  part  ii.  p.  408. 

Epitaph  (4*^  S.  iv.  370.)— The emtjipliffMjW 
is  in  idea  similar  to  that  on  the  tonib  in  "WiaiNl 


churchyard  of  John  Foster,  headmaster  d  Ete 
who  died  1774.  It  was  written  by  himaalfi  mi 
after  the  dates  of  his  birth  and  death  ends  thni  >- 

**  Qui  fuerim,  ex  hoc  marmore  cognooeoi : 
Qualis  vero  cognosces  allcubi, 
£o  scilicet  supremo  tempore, 
Quo  cgomet  qualis  et  tn  fucris  oognoflcam." 


Caxsick  Family  (4*^  S.  iv.  305.) — ^I  am  mxm 
that  I  cannot  help  Mb.  Bbown  oonceniiiur  W 
family.  I  am  a  genealogist  for  certain  fft*"^— 
only — manv  of  the  royal  houses  of  £arope|aii 
about  two  hundred  of  the  old  baronial  haaimil 
this  countrv.     Cansick  is  not  on  my  liat. 

Hk 


Baccalaukeus  (4**»  S.  iv.  334.) — 
"  O,  ye  laurel) !  .  .  .  I  come  to  pluck  your 
Your  correspondent  should  know  that 
laureus  (which  does  not  mean  **  laurel  hcaRj.".M  J 
laurel-berried,  6acc<f  laured  donaUu)  ia  ooly  Ip  v^ 
apparent  compound  of  hacca  and  lawrug^  yam  M  <i 
'*  Deef-cater  "  is  not  the  simple  compound  it  aeiSi^^ 
to  be.  "  Baccalaureus  is  a  barbaroua  low-r 
word  derived  from  the  French  haa  ^eoaUeTf 
primarily  denoted  a  knight  bacheloTi  one  irho 
at  the  same  table  witli  the  banneretai  hut^  ~ 
of  inferior  rank,  was  mis  arrihrt  eiphU  Im  Mrii; 


4«fcS.IV.  Nov.  27/69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


467 


hence  it  came  to  denote  the  unfiDislied  apprentice, 
the  unmarried  man,  and  the  demi-oraduate.  The 
inferior  or  preparatory  degree  was  that  of  bachelor, 
baceaUntreus"  (See Donaldson*8  Latin  Orammarj 
p.  471.)  The  hacca  is  a  corruption  of  the  word  ha$ 
and  the  first  syllable  of  chevalier.  If  these  letters 
could  have  been  twisted  into  some  word  meaning 
leaff  the  false  compound  would  haye  been  a  fitter 
tiue  for  one  who  oecame  Loured  donandus  Apol' 
Imari,  If  your  correspondent  still  cherishes  the 
fond  belief  that  baccataurem  means  laurel  berry, 
he  may  console  himself  in  his  difficulty  with  Dr. 
Johnson's  absurd  explanation — "Bachelors  being 
Tonng,  are  of  good  hopes,  like  laurels  in  the 
berry.''  J.  IIenrt  I.  Oaklbt,  M.A. 

ThePrioiy,  Croydon. 

I  should  have  thought  that  the  laureUberry  de« 
livation  had  been  quite  exploded.  .There  seems 
no  doubt  that  haccatauretM  is  a  corruption  of  5ac- 
ealarius.  The  etymology  seems  stiii  a  standing 
pozzle.  Diez  gives  it  up,  but  mentions  some  sug- 
gestions, as  French  6a«-catHiA«r,  Latin  bacuiuB,  &c 
Wedgwood  says — 

«...  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  Cdtie 
bacheSf  or  hachaen,  is  the  origin  of  the  Fr.  baceUe^  baedate, 
bachele,  baehelette,  a  young  girl,  servant,  apprentice; 
haedUrt  to  make  love,  to  serve  as  apprentice,  to  oommence 
a  study  ;  baceleriCf  youth  ;  bachelngef  apprenticeship,  art 
and  study  of  chivalry.  Hence  by  a  secondary  formation, 
bachdoTj  bachdard,'  bachdier,  youDg  man,  aspirant  to 
knighthood,  apprentice  to  arms  or  sciences.  .... 
Prov.  bacalary  hachcdlierj  was  used  of  the  young  student, 
young  soldier,  young  unmarried  man.*' 

Wedgwood's  Celtic  derivation  seems  certainly  the 
right  one ;  but  doubtless  more  learned  philologists 
than  myself  wiU  take  up  the  question  here. 

JoHir  Addis. 

William  IIolman  Hunt's  "  Christ  in  thb 
Tmiple"  (4"' S.  iv.  338.)— Mr.  Palokavb  wrote 
«  highly  laudatory  notice  of  this  celebrated  nic- 
'ture  in  Fraser's  Magazine  about  the  time  when 
the  work  was  first  exhibited  (1859  or  1860  ?). 

W.  M.  ROSSBTII. 

56,  Euston  Square,  N.W. 

Plant  Names  (4»»»  S.  iv.  254, 345.)— The  water- 
Bide  plant  called  ''  codlings-and-cream ''  is  Em^ 
Mobium  hirmtum^  not  Valeriana  officinalis.  Can  MB. 
Senghah  throw  any  light  upon  the  derivation  of 
"  gramfer  greygles/'  a  name  which  I  do  not  find 
unong  those  I  have  by  meP  Some  niunee  are 
areneric,  so  to  speak,  i.e.  are  applied  indiscri- 
oiinately  to  various  plants  which  are  connected, 
^ot  botanically,  but  by  some  external  circom- 
itance,  such  as  time  of  flowering,  &c.  ''Gramfer 
jreygles"  appears  to  be  one  of  these,  and  is 
loubtless  correctly  applied  to  both  Lychnis  diwma 
fend  <S^iV^  nutans.  '<  Cuckoos/'  in  the  same 
Planner,  is  in  Buckinghamshire  and  Essex  applied 
^  any  spring-flowering  plant  which  has  no  other 
^ame.  James  BRirmr. 

1,  Koyal  nerbariuni,  Kew,  W. 


Having  noticed  an  article  on  ''Plant  Names," 
by  C.  W.  BiKeHAX,  I  beg  to  inform  l^t  gentle- 
man that  the  botanical  name  of  the  plant  called 
'' oodlin^and-cream "  hAEpikHnum  l&rsHhtm,  or 
great  hairy  willow  herb,  and  not  Valaitma  offid* 
naUs,  or  great  wild  valerian.  Both  plants  grow 
at  the  sides  of  rivers,  ditches,  or  moist  places-*  - 
(common  plants).  Thoiub  Campbell. 

ThuTxa  Street,  Holmc^  Mandiester. 

N.B. — ^The  shoots  of  the  epHobium  have  a  deli- 
cate fragrance,  resembling  that  of  scalded  codlings. 
It  is  also  stated  on  ffood  authority,  that  cats  are 
powerfully  affected  by  the  odour  of  the  root  of 
valeriim, 

Skib  xes  Doob  (4«^  8.  iv.  dd6.)  —To  *'sneek 
the  door  "  and  to  ''  sM  the  door  "  mean  two  dif- 
ferent things  in  the  west  of  Scotland.  A  snedt  is 
an  ordinaiy  door-l*tch.  To  ^^sneek  the  door" 
therefore  means  to  latch  it  A  m^  is  a  small 
sliding  bar  of  iron  generally  put  under  the  lock. 
When  the  end  of  this  is  moved  into  a  keeper 
attaehed  to  the  door-poe^  the  door  is  said  to  be 
smbbed.  When  a  door  is  snibbed  it  cannot  be 
opened  from  the  outside.  This  is  not  the  case 
inien  it  is  only  snsdBed,  Most  doors  have  both  a 
smb  and  a  smm^  A  bolt^howeve]^  is  not  a  snib — 
that  is  called  a  ski  here.  Bailey  derives  sht  from 
the  Belgian  dmfte.  ^  8Uke  the  door,"  for  '<  shut 
the  door,"  is  also  used  in  this  district  I  find  it 
in  CoW  EngKsk  Dictiomary  (ed.  1717) :  '<  SUke 
or  skM  the  dorassshat  the  door."  Obles  gives 
also  '^  siso^  the  door."  D.  Magphail. 

Paialey. 

Plaifobm  (S**  S.  jMMiim.)  —  As  an  instance  of 
the  use  of  this  word  in  the  sense  of  party ^  I  may 
mention  the  foUowinjar  trac^  which  is  in  the  library 
of  Queen's  College,  Cambridge. 

**  A  Sarvay  of  tbepretmded  Holy  Diacipline  fldtbAilly  • 
gath«r«d  by  way  of  Historical  Narration  out  of  the  Works 
and  WritmgB  of  tho  principal  fiivoarars  of  that  Plai- 
forms.'*    4to.  London,  1698. 

R.B.P. 

EFFiens  (4«^  S.  iv.  175.  226.)— There  is  a 
small  efligr  of  an  eoeleaiastus  or  monk '  (locally 
called ''St  Oswald"!)  atflley,  in  Yorkshire.  The 
lozenge-sha]>ed  pillow  at  the  back  of  the  head 
shows  that  it  was  recumbent  It  is  now  fixed 
against  the  walL 

Ukxxxmm  R  0.  Waloott,  B.D.,  F.8.A. 

BOXS  THB  SiTV  FUT  XHB  FiBB  OXTT  P  (!'*  S.  viL 

286,  d45,  4S0.V— I  do  not  know  whether  your 
rules  peimit  of  aoain  refening  to  this  question 
after  the  IiqMe  of  so  many  year^  but  I  wish  to 
point  oat  that  Mr.  0.  Tomlinson  has  published  a 
naperontlieealijectinthe  PkshmipkiciU  Biii^fmm$ 
fbr  September  iMt  After  a  veiy  carefbl  series  id 
ezpemnents  on  the  qnaatity  of  mstoial  batnt  \fj 
omdlM  in  simli^t  and  in  the  dAil^  he  airiTii  A 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


the  conclusioD  that  light  fau  do  influence  on  i 
bostion,  and  therefore  that  the  sun  does  noi 
tlie  fire  out.  R.  B. 

Wla  (4«*  a  iv.  333.)— At  the  risk  of  a  miffing 
£rom  Mr.  Keishtlst  I  would  avggeat  to  him 
that  he  need  not  go  to  Egjpt  or  Penia  for  the 
derivatJon  of  npliai,  while,  to  uae  his  own  words, 
the  etymon  ia  before  hiu  eyea.  The  word  rfn), 
tiiread,  woof,  is  the  etymon  and  cognate  8ab- 
atantiTe ;  n)»(ici)  being  properly  an  adjective, 
with  ep((  or  some  such  word  understood ;  for  we 
must  remember  that  in  poet-Homeric  auUiors  this 
last  word,  in  addition  to  its  original  signification, 
was  used  as  a  collective  noun :  as,  for  example, 
by  the  tbree  tragedians.  W.  B.  C. 

According  to  Xenophon,  the  Fersians — of  the 
lime  of  the  Great  Cyius  at  any  rate — did  ttot  wear 
wigs,  but  the  Medes  did.  So  at  least  I  under- 
stand the  passage  of  the  Qfropadia  where  the 
child  Cyrus  is  represented  as  introduced  to  his 
gTODdfnther  Astyages,  who  wore  a  wig  and  had 
His  face  punted;  ^ter  mentioning  which  fact  the 
author  proceeds  to  ssy,  that  such  artificial  devices 
and  sumptuous  dresses  were  in  uae  among  the 
Medes.  whereas  the  Persians  both  dressed  and 
lived  tar  more  aimply.  AV.  II.  Rossetti- 

EG,  Eoaton  Square,  K.W. 

Claude  Misalier  derives  the  word  pernigue 
from  ileb.  perah,  or  Chald.  pervak,  the  hair  of  the 
head ;  Guyet  from  rrirlien.  Manage,  with  more 
reason,  traces  it  to  jiilus:  thfXi,  pSta,  pel\a  (whence 
the  Itnl.  pelo),  peliiaiu,  peliiiiciu,  pelutica,  pendica, 
pemca,  perrnque.  Me.  Keiqhtlby  thinks  mfix'] 
may  be  from  the  Egyptian  or  Per^an.  It  is  more 
proDably  from  i^oi  or  ir^nj,  a  web. 

R.  S.  Chaesock. 

Gray's  Inn. 

Zecca  i^^  S.  iv.  257.)  —  Mb.  R.  S.  CnARirocx 
supposes  that  the  Italian  zrcca,  a  mint,  is  pro- 
baby'  derived  from  the  Greek  e^irri.  The  true 
origin  of  seem  is  shown  in  the  following  ex- 
tract:— 

Ivn  a  curions  hisloij. 


it  applies  to  the  coin  struck,"  sa  here.  In  Ibin  apiilica 
'^n  the  tbrm  of  ticca  rup«<»)  it  »\\\\  has  a  ehoBllv  ei 
it  thr  India  olBci'.     (ioing  ofT  in  another  itireiM 


at  on  earl;  dots  tlie  word  gate _..   ..   ... 

ctcoa,  01  mint  oT  tlip  Italian  repulilica;  thence  to  the  :te- 
cAino  or  cnrcAiiinwliichisi'iied  therefrom.  Anil  in  this  shape 
the  word  tiarelted  bock  to  the  East,  where  tlie  term 
chieliien  or  chick  survived  to  our  own  day  aa  a  compre- 
hensivo  Angio-Indion  expression  for  the  sum   of  four 

■'  Wc  lee  how  mncli  the  commerce  and  marine  of  Italy 

many  of  the  cardinal  institution;  of  these  drpartmenls  of 
aflkiis  drew  name;  firom  Arabic  orlgioalsi  e.  g.  tlie  mint 
(iceco,  as  above),  the  arsenal  {danena),  the  custom-house 
idoeaaa.dngaaii),  the  factory  (Jmdam),  the  waiehouse 
(majMziina,  f^m  nuMziai},  the  admiral  (fVom  amir),  the 


iUifidi),  to  sa;  DDtliioR  of  I 
ha*  been  donblad  wbeiher  < 
■ee,  however,  that  Hai'adl 


dDMH  ta  s(Anliia«il|^  T 
if  tha  GwA  a—ai  < 


Society,  p.  ecxlvii.) 
Falsrmo. 

Cora  OT  Jjjca  n.  (4»  8.  It.  390.)  —TMi 
weight  for  ■  ten-shilling  moa 
ligh  hjs  piM 
he  will  find  it  pretty  ne«rlT  corresf  cmd  witi  II* 


Andovar. 

Arms  of  WiLBiifCK  (4*  8.  It.  ;«ti.)— Cj«- 
Hinrera  will  find,  I  believe,  at  th.?  Heralds'  Dsl- 
lege,  a  record  of  a  grant  of  anna  to  the  family^ 
WalbanAv  of  Kirkbridge,  Yorkshire,  vii.  Gule^r 
fees  embattled  between  two  saltires  in  ehnf  m 
base,  or.  CaAiti.ss  Jacnak 


Doncsi 


HOTES  OS  BOOKS.  Kxa 
Papular  Antiquitia  of  Ortat  SHtaiK  ;  rotnprt 

efOaMontabUaMdlmmaetMtFtam,.  (S,anwu,Stm 
MtitioHt.  and  AmuMoitMt^  pat  tad  ,.r.,„,.  sSki 
from  the  Maltriali  calltcltd  *y  Jolui  Brand.  F.&1. 
WillwtTylargiComclioiuandAdAi.^.K  bvW.a  ~ 
Iluzlitt.  With  a  NtK  amd  Copnat  Indr^.  U  1 
Vnlamti.  (Rnnell  Eimith.} 
T)ie  omiKjioa  from  the  litle-page  ef  Itits  new  KlitiM< 
the   Popular  A,,liqiiUia  of  all  men"  ■  ■  -^ 

scholur  and  so  sound  an  antiqaary  a*  . . 

Ellis,  to  whoBB  labours  tbo  book  owed   .._ 

deserved   rejintation,   and   the  cantemplui>ui   terau  h 
which  Sir  Henry  Ellla'a  edition  U  spoken  of  in  tb*|fr 

"~  ^nrita  a  comparlaoa  liclweini  iimwt 

lich  it  wonhl  have  1,«cii  judldm  U 
merit  which  Hr.  Hazliit  elaimt  I'ortfe 
;e  to  ssy,  on  the  grDimJ  of  the  19 
made ;  and  he  boaata  that  lie  Wm 
r  iAx.tr  pogea  takot  un  br  qaguaiB 
HMpmion,  and  BaiBabV  doap.  1M 
Eirca  these  booki  ar^  ana  the  iQaflf 
snbjeets  on  which  Brand  ptej&als 


tor  than  his  predeci 
of  the  matter  "  Kllrrly  whi^'.'i 
(the  italics  are  Mr.  Hulitt's),  which  hr  \- 
ted.  does  not  cleaTly  appear.      H 
t,   and  no  donbt  Justly,  for  man 
g  to  his  "having  brought  tmder 
iBtoms  and  supemtitioni  scatterw. 
Bd  up  notes  into  the  Isit,"  and  •■  1  i,r 
If  the  text  into  tha  uoti^"  it  fa  ,] 


o  tell  w 


is  really  new  or  onU-  iiew-plaiwL   fi 
he  editor  takes  cradic  to  hioudf  )■ 


'.,  the 


iric,  built  bv  the  Irta  Sir  Hoirr  BSnt 
of  Brand's  raw  material,  almost  eatinlv  to  plens  "^ 
reconstracting  it  to  the  b«at  of  Us  power."    Mr.  Q 


[V.Nov.  27, '89.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


>f  reference  tbsa      tiical 


iimproTement;  and  we  have  ruled  to  discover 
indvn.  The  book  la  adll,  and  probably  will 
atlo,  ft  vast  Morehoiue  of  matenals  for  eome 
rimm  to  digest  into  order:  and  cerlainl;  EUis'i 
with  iu  Table*  of  ConMnta  (not  to  be  foond  in 
^litt'B),  affords  greater  facility  of  reference  tbaa 
I  beftm  U9.  But  the  reader  will  naturally  say 
Mr.  Hailitfs  '■  New  and  Copiom  Index  "  to  help 
fe  are  aorry  to  have  again  to  complain,  but  the  I 
Index  19  not"  ropioua.  If  Mr.  Hazlitt'e  Index  i 
f  moderate  justice  to  his  book,  how  aadlv  mud- 
Ubookmunbel     The  Index  toEIIia'a  eifitlan  of 

elzty-fotir  pa^ea,  printed  In  double  eolnmn;  ' 
x.  Hazlitt'a  Indes  flila  only  twenty-one  doable-  | 
d  pagee.  The  articles  under  letter  A  In  Mr.  | 
number  sixtT-four;  in  EUia  tbev  are  npwarda 
undred  and  eighty  1  After  thia  we  feel  jaatlfled  | 
euing  our  conviction  that,  though  Mr.  Hailitt  ' 
t  ecruple  to  utigmatise  Ellia'a  Brand  aa  "  one  of 
it  edited  publications  in  the  whole  range  of  our  ' 
e,"  Ellis's  Brand  will  long  continue  to  retain  ita 
.  a  recognised  and  standard   book   on  English 

AnUi[uities. 


R.G.8.,  Ac.  mdt 
ten  IViatraliinu,  by  Ernest  Griset.  (Longman.) 
pinion  now  generally  entertained  by  tboae  who 
id  most  attention  to  Che  aubject  of  popular  fiction, 
rlv  all  the  best  atoriea  to  be  found  in  the  Frenob 
1,'tEie  German  MMhrchen,  the  Cento  NoTolK  and 
imeron  of  Boccaccio,  were  brought  to  Enrope  from 
,  finds  ample  confirmation  in  tbla  curioui  volume 
idu  Devilry  "  which  Captain  Burton  has  adaptfd 
iish  readera.  The  hero  of  the  collection,  the  areat 
King  Yikramaditya  (meaning  the  Sun  of  Hero- 
'bose  name  is  happily  commonly  ibortened  into 
,  playa  in  India  the  part  of  King  Arthur,  and  of 
El  Kashid  farther  west;  and  the  Boitia-Faclitn, 
iCy-dvB  lalea  of  a  vampire,  as  the  collection  is 
s  "an  old  and  thoroughly  Hindu  repertory— tha 
Tinning,"  says  Captain  Burton  "  of  that  flctitiona 
which  ripsned  to  the  ■  Arabian  Nights  Entertoin- 
and  which,  foatered  by  the  genina  of  Boccaccio, 
d  the  romance  of  the  chivalrous  days  and  its 
felopemcnl,  the  novel — the  prose  epic  of  modem 
"  '        t  here  discuss  Captain  Burton's 


iraven^  M   taitltlad  fkMa  tbiir  f 
ixfiamatiiiw  O,  and  th»  TotiuM  fi 


the   fiftMnth  omttu^t  not  that  a     ._.  ^. , 

Engliah,  soma  b«B>  in  Latin,  indnilUng  a  ^arioai  a*- 
"  Orati*  £  BeBto  Bq^  Haniieo."  Tb*  vslova 


bla  skill  a 

rolumetbr  every  parpoae  as  naatul  a<  its  coatlyoiigiul 
is  now  a«c«irfbla  to  all  Wudtata  and  booklov«n  at  tha 
DoMofaftwahllUnga. 

Li/e  a/ OlUtr  OowmA  to  a>  i>satt  1/ OUrbs  lia  Alt 
.fly  J.  B.  Audrewi,  Baoiitaivat-Law.  (Longman.) 
Tbii  la  •  book  iwnarfcabty  &m  fton  piM«ie«,  and  tha 
reader  who  daJnan  dmplo,  plflaautlj>  writtsn  Tlaw  afth* 
>taU  id  atbira  whkA  btmgM  abcnt  Ow  dudly  AwdU 
batwMo  ttaa  King  and  tbt  PaiUamint,  MIowad  Yn  n 
lAetlnakMdiarthe  HhoTOMinwdlnp  lothatinwaf 
eution,  oaonot  da  baltM  dun  rate  to  Hr. 


Andrawa'a  "  Life  of  CrttomlL'' 


s  with  agreeing  that  our  modem  novel  may 
y  owe  ita  origin  to  Eastern  fictinn — of  which  more 

and  entertaining  apecimeas  have  never  been  pr»- 
to  English   readers  than  are    contained   in   the 

before  os.  Let  the  reader  not  be  diacouraged  by 
■oduclion,  which  is  the  leaat  tempting,  The"Vam- 
I  a  very  Mephiatopheles  in  his  cynicism ;  the  stories 
ntially  Eastern  ;  and  the  illustrations  by  Ernest 

if  characterise<l  by  that  artist's  mannerism,  are 

characterised  by  the  grotesqueness  and  power  of 


Ihh  O'j  aiiij  olher  Pragtra,  printtd  bg  Cenu 
of  Oil  Frincm  ElIaAtlh  of  Hnglasd  lad  of  Frxaux, 
Jso  nftht  Pri-etsa  Mar^rtt,  Molhtrofnr  " 
Lard  Iht  Kin        "    ■*-" '  ....->.,.  , 


7^  lAtmtmv  and  OtHotOia  of  Itr^mt.  t  niHMiiii 
plaie  Bonk  ef/^nnJatiimt  cauvmag  tkt  Mptn  V 
Dnamt  imd  FiBWH;  Bteardt  of  Oaim  ami  mA 
AtiOaitieiitid  DnamM,  mtd  SatK  oftU  aviau  .lAilaf 
ofliitetprttaSim  adMtid  h  jbtamt  tad  MaArw  7b« 
Bj  t^nnk  BaaflaU,  U.A.  Stamd  &Btlo»,  ffaaJ. 
(Lockwoad.) 

la  It  not  Wordsworth  who  talli  ni  "  Diaami.  boofcl,  an 
eachaworld"?  Wall,  that  wold  of  dmnMia  bare  ttattaB 
of  in  a  enrtona,  if  aomewhat  diaooiriT*  (hahien  j  npA 
the  book  will  be  waloonM  to  tluae  who  apaoilata  Uall  w 
the  curiona  pbanomeasa  of  the  human  mind  whldi  it  li 

Eiialiih  Hutory,  milA  vny  Oepiimi  thSetif  O*  Oatbmt, 

Miamtr;   Ztnia,  lad  Oommtn*,  te,  <f  At  Diffwmt 

Pena<fB,fiyHani7lnc4K.A.,awlJanMaQllbeit.  WUk 

a  amaltta  OUvmlofieal  Inda.     Tit  Sittk  TtumKO^ 

car^uBf  rtoMid.    (Kant  &  Co.) 

O-tfau  ofBOk  BiMhry,  ^tdaOi  adcfimlfirllm  Ut  of 

Schati:    .8yCharl«iBae^LL.D.    (^oitACo.) 

The  first  of  thaae  tiaaftil  mannalu  of  EnjtUih  hittoij 

bldahirto  rival  in  popnluity  tha  ailudleT"OntllnaaDf 

EngliA  Hlatory,"  by  the  aame  anibora,  of  wbleh  upward* 

of  three  hundred  and  atx^  thonaand  eopiaa  ban  baaa 

sold  already.    For  the  aaoond.  Dr.  Bogara  otabaa  tha 

^  merit  of  having  itiicdy  confined  himaalf  to  tha  proTinat 

of  the  hiotoiian,  and  "  aviddad  (he  azpnaatoa  of  tbafr- 

I  logical  santimsnta." 

EiHiHinos  or   WoRu   0 


aval  Acad 
AndentMattm, 
Stanfleld  and  C  ' 


ra,  toffethvwl 
J.K.Ledie,di 


The  Koyol  Academy  intend*  to  hold  on  ExhlUtloD  «f 

.■«.,...__ lihnaalaaUonf "  - 

Inrlna- tha  Bunl  , 

andFebmary.  They  have  baanbulBead  to  lake  thbMp 
solely  fin  Uw  pramotloD  *f  ait,  a*  tha  loaa  to  ait  In  oeo- 
seqnance  of  the  abandonnHttt  rf  the  «xfalbitiuo  of  Andant 
Alt  formerly  hold  nndet  the  •a^ioct  of  tha  BritlBh  Ia*ti- 


immd-   I  wben  the  new 
Bt  apart  fbr 


N^looal  Oallan  iaeomplMed  rooma  aia  to 
r  anananalexlubitfonitftheAneiaetHM- 


B;/  theii 


subject 
Btprnductd  m  Photo- 
raphy,  by  Stephen  Ayling.  (Urilfith  &  Farran.) 
original  of  thia  admirable  facsimile  of  a  very  inte- 
and  unlriue  Caxton  i»  now  in  the  Britiab  Mb- 
lavingbeen  verv  properly  secured  for  the  National 
I  by  iix.  Paniui,  who  purchased  it  &om   Mr. 


be  their  dnly  to  do  what  tiMT  « ,,.,  , 

having  occarional  azhlUtioaa'af  till*  (art.  The  HoyU 
Academy  have  mat  with  tha  moat  genaiM*  aai^Mrt  mMi 
allqaartas.  Tha  Qnaan  hns  in  uiamoat  mdoos  maantr 
promimd  a  adeotton  </  ptatana  fMm  tha  itojal  Galla^j 
the  Uaiqal*  «f  WaatmlMtn,  unatWilj  has  ktnd^  ¥twn- 
taer^  to  let  the  Acadcm*  bate  any  pietUM  mm  the 


470 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^&nr.Bdr.»;m 


Grosvenor  Gallery ;  and  Lord  Bate  has  also  placed  his 
interesting  collection  at  their  disposal.  The  same  has 
been  done  bj  various  other  collectors.  The  Academy 
have  in  their  own  possesfdon  a  most  important  work, 
with  which  the  general  public  have  no  opportunity  of 
becoming  acquainted—  the  copy,  by  Oggioni,  of  the  cena- 
colo  of  **  Leonardo  da  Vinci,**  made  for  the  Ceratos  of 
Pa  via — the  most  perfect  memorial  existing  of  the  great 
and  now  dilapidated  masterpiece. 

Professorship  op  the  Celtic  La50UAobs.~A 
meeting  has  been  held  in  Dublin  for  the  purpose  of  decid- 
ing upon  a  suitable  memorial  to  the  late  Rev.  James 
Henthom  Todd,  D.D.,  Senior  Fellow  of  Trinity  Collie, 
Dublin,  and  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  the  Univcrsit}-.  For 
many  years  past.  Dr.  Todd  had  devoted  a  large  portion  of 
his  time  to  the  elucidation  of  ancient  Irish  literature, 
and  had  spared  neither  means  nor  exertion  to  promote 
the  scientitic  study  of  the  Irish  language,  as  well  as  the 
archseology  and  history  of  his  country.  Services  distin- 
guished by  so  much  ability  were  held  to  claim  a  public 
recognition,  and  it  was  decided  that  the  most  suitable 
memorial  would  be  to  endow  a  professorship  for  the 
Celtic  languages  generally.  It  is  proposed  to  call  this 
foundation — which  is  to  be  connected  with  the  Roval  Irish 
Academy,  of  which  body  Dr.  Todd  was  formerly  presi- 
dent— "  The  Todd  Professorship,"  and  while  it  will  per- 
petuate his  name,  it  will  greatly  further  the  publication 
and  translation  of  the  numberless  Irish,  Welsh,  and 
Scotch  manuscripts  which  are  included  in  public  and 
private  libraries,  both  here  and  on  the  Continent.  Dr. 
Todd  liad  long  been  connected  with  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries, both  as  a  Fellow  and  as  Local  Secretary  for  Ire- 
land. It  was  therefore  resolved,  at  the  last  meeting  of 
the  Council,  that  Sir  William  Tite,  M.P.,  V.  P.  S.  A.,  and 
William  Chappell,  Esq.,  F.  S.  A.,  be  added  to  the  com- 
mittee of  the  Todd  Memorial  Fund,  on  behalf  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries. 

Death  of  Lord  Folrt.  (From  a  Correspondent.)— 
A  constant  reader  and  occasional  contributor  to  "N.  &  Q." 
has  passed  away  in  the  death  of  Lord  Foley,  which 
occurred  at  Paris  on  November  20.  His  library  at 
Worksop  Manor  and  in  Grosvenor  Square  contained 
many  scarce  and  valuable  books,  to  which  he  constantly 
made  well  chosen  additions.  Amongst  them  is  one  of 
the  three  copies  of  the  folio  *'  Vin^ar  '  Bible  on  \*ellum. 

T.  E.  W. 

The  Btrox  S<:asdai« — The  Boston  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  Tribune  writes,  that  nearly  one  hundred 
pages  of  Mrs.  Stowe's  volume,  A  Vindication  of  Lady 
Byron,  are  in  type,  but  they  are  still  subject  to  the 
author's  revision,  and  nothing  is  yet  really  in  the  shape 
which  it  is  likely  to  have  when  published.  * 

Thk  DoiTCE  Collection  of  Prints  in  the  Bodleiax. 
The  learned  illustrator  of  Shakespeare  was  a  large  col- 
lector of  prints  illustrative  of  popular  manners,  cus- 
toms, witchcraft,  fools,  &&,  which  he  bequeathed  to  the 
Bodleian.  We  were  glad  to  learn  that  Mr.  William 
Smith,  F.S.A.,  than  whom  no  one  could  be  more  com- 
petent, has  undertaken,  as  a  labour  of  love,  the  task  of 
arranging  this  most  valuable  and  instructive  collection. 
Well  may  The  Athemtum  speak  of  this  as  "  a  public  ser- 
vice that  merits  public  acknowledgment." 

Mr.  C.  J.  Palmer,  F.S.A.,  announces  for  publication, 
by  subscription,  •*  The  Perlustration  of  Great  Yarmouth, 
in  Norfolk  ;  with  Southtown  and  Gorleston,  in  Suffolk,** 
which  will  contain  some  account  of  old  houses  and  other 
buildings  and  places  in  the  borough  ;  with  biographical 
notices  of  all  the  most  eminent  inhabitants  from  the 
earliest  times.    The  names  of  more  than  two  thousand 


persons,  natives  of  or  oonnectfld  with  Che  boroogk.  wM 
be  recorded.  Costoms  and  aapentitioiu,  ftlUoii^  tndl- 
tions,  franchises,  liberties,  legends,  tad  oCharMrttanrf 
interest,  will  also  be  mentioned.  Tha  WDik  vfll  bs  pab- 
lished  in  post  quarto^  nnilbnn  with  "  Mttuhlpli  HklMy," 
and  will  be  comprised  in  about  fifteea  iMrCip  «tebput 
containing  thirty-two  pages  and  an  illustiation.  Naani 
of  subscribers  will  be  received  by  Mr.  Gcom  lU^ 
Printer  and  Bookseller,  No.  IS^  King  fitnii^  Cbmt 
Yarmouth. 

Warxing-Pans,  whidi  have  in  thdr  time  plmd  m 
important  part  in  history,  ibrm  the  snljeefc  of  ttie  lat 
Paris  mania;  and  we  are  told  that  one  trIhwittHr  wi- 
lector  has  secured  the  ftajtmotres  of  Diana  ef  PoietiB% 
Mary  Stuart,  Marie  de  Medids,  and  Marie  AnteiMtta 
We  trust  he  will  soon  obtain  that  of  Nell  Gwrim^  wUBh 
Walpole  describes  as  engraved  with  the  myik  anas  nd 
with  the  motto  **  For  G^  and  the  King.** 

BOOKS    AND    ODD   VOLUHES 

WAKTBD  TO  PUBGHABB. 

FarticuUra  of  Prioc,  ke.,  of  the  t>nowlacBooln  to  to  wmA 
the  gentlemen  by  whom  they  are  nquirad,  whoet  nmmm  SmA 
are  given  for  that  parpoee:  — 

WUITAKKR'R  HlSTOBT  OF  RICH1C05DSHIVB. 

taining  Coverham  and  Middl^iam.   flmall  pi 

Wanted  by  the  Bev.  Dr.  Dcucaam-D^gUU, 

LlTcrpooL 

Elbctiox  Fapkbs  roR  Cbistkb  axd  Cmsw 

Wanted  by  Mr.  Robert  Morrit,  Rkfamond 

Cheeter. 

Literary  Chromclk.  Edited  by  J.  W.  Dalbr,  laV. 
TiiK  Historical  KRBpaAXK.Editedbr  J.  W.  DrUht. 

Plates  by  Robert  Cnilkthank.  ^^ 

L.\XD*8  TALES  rROM  Bbaksfbse,  wlth  1Mb  at  C. 

Dalby,  183S. 
T«.\DY*8  Prstnt  Gazette.  Edited  by  J.  W.  Dallv.   t  T«la. 
The  Casket,  Edited  by  J.  W.  Dalby.    1S3B-7-S. 

Wanted  by  S.  R.  TounuhemI  3ltmer.  F.  A.JLC.,  B.  KorfU 

Nichols'  Histort  or  Leicrstsrshiri.  8  Vdli. 
llODGsoK's  History  of  Nortiicicberlavd.   TYoIsl. 
Abuxole's  History  op  Berkshire. 

AlTRREY'S  HlRTORY  OF  SURREY.    6  Volf. 

HoARE's  History  op  Wiltshire. 
Kaixe'8  History  op  Durham. 
Warxer'8  History  op  Haxfshirr. 

Wanted  by  Mr.  nomoM  Beet^  Boolueller,  15.  fj***^!! 

Bond  8tx«et.  W.    •'^^''-'■■^ 


flToii. 


J.W. 


^titti  t0  CavvtipaMtnbi. 


UiriTERSAL  Catalogue  of  Art  Books.  AU  A 
rectiom  »hould  6e  addrcMaed  to  tkeJSditor,  South 
LondoHt  W. 

Our  CoRisncAS  Number  tci7{  he  pMitiked  on  . 
II,  €md  roHtaim  at  usual Boine  inUt'ettutg  papert  o» 
Antiqnltiee,  fc. 

R.  M.'s  Query  on  Maternity  in  advameed  Jgt  «AomUIs 

one  (if  the  tcienttjic  joumaU. 

A  Subscriber.    The  fono  **yever  go  to  Framet  Milaw  m« 
linoo"  is  printed  in  Carprnter^t  Comic  Song  Book.  Bl  Mil 
IM3),  where  it  m  attritntted  to  Thomas  Hood  i  itvpittkeJ^mKtim 
Comic  Annual,  1S31,  p.  SI. 

Seaforth.    Bonaparte's  "  March  to  Mexico**  ia  im 
See  his  Poetical  Works,  edit.  ISSO,  p.  4S4. 

R.  ATrnoxY-JoHKSTOX.     The  editiom  qf 
probaNit  that  qf  1560,  with  Cooper's  comtimmatiosu 
leatrs  afier  the  page  containing  the  datt  A.D.  UflS. 

R.  D.  Dawsox-Dufpirld,  LL.D.   yierember§''» 
Temporal  and  Eternal,  l&t.  is  not  considered 
was  published  in  1S06.    A  n  abridgment  qf  tHUs 
fHtitlrd  Contemplationi  of  the  State  of  If  an  in  thb 
which  li  to  Come,  and  falsely  aJttrihuttd  to  Biakon 
.s'ee'*N.aQ."lttS.ili.&.  ^^ 

Errata —  4th  8.  ir.  p.  401.  col.  il.  Hoe  10,  ibr  tlw 
**b7t  A"(  and  for  the  Ncond,  '*fi86E**t  ibUL  p.  411, 
"  m"  mid  "70."    LineSthonId  mn  thuit  **toL  i.  Rw  tli^lB. 
vol.  il.  pp.  SOS, 33S."    Lines  14, 16  ■bould  ran  thnst  "In 
riads  qf  Cambridge  I  find.  A.v.  1430  (vol.  ii.  p.  S)  ths 


'  manuaeript "  read  "  manneerlpto. 

**  Nom  a  Qvaaxis**  if  icgMwidibr 


*aiT.  DKC4/B9.1 


KOTES  AND  QFERIEa 


<'l 


IS.  iATURDAT,  DECEMBER  4,  18«*. 


UiUnT'ira  —  BnSwi  Lltoaton  In 


CONTENTS.— N"  lOU 
HOTB8  r  —  Ths  Daks  of  Medlni 
ATTDIldl,    No.   11.,   «i       "      ■ 

Ambr«(iin  Librirr.  W -.-      — , 

Gcrm&nr,i;3-BeinDnd,«»  — BdoeaikMi  in  Scotknd  fa 
IMD.  47E-AuieaE«  or  Mont  BIuo,  A— PoaliT  of  (hg 
F*lher  or  Milton  —  Dklet  or  Entrj  and  Pint  PublkMloa 
of  Works  bj  Danif  1  Df foe  —  Upton. "  D«  Btndlo  Mmt«i." 
ke.i    AdditiODKl   Plata  — Hurliga  in  >  Pmbjteriu 


—  Alexwidsr  Davln  of  Eburr  —  Dncri^ni  ni 

-  Doiua  Uaffulr  Rei,*  4o.—  Eohcrt  Dnnkln  —  Pn*« 


In  nsinbtr,  (ring*  joat*  wMie  wo>  baUi«  AartM  ai 


—  Geieulua  it  Oiford  —  Greek  Paiiitlus  —  Greek  Ohw 
Inicription  -  Henrj  VI.  Bidgra—  EefttlDK'i  "  Hittor}  d 
Ireland"—  Londnn  Tokeni  oT  Beienteanth  CentniT  — 
HmllimCsdreflTie-XamHorSconiBliMkrtjra-'Theophiluj 
BoUnisU  —  Nicholu  UdslI,  &c,  477. 

QtrBRrss  WITH  AnswiBS;- Zimarlcl  —  Blihop  Bicturd 
Willi«-Gold  MedBl.lBOS  — Qod'«  Beijeaiit  De«lli— Bio- 
cardiui  L*«i.  4S0. 

BBPL1E3;  — CmlcdonUn  Foruti,  Ml  —  Wm  Hmcbeth  the 
Third  Uurderiir  nf  BanquoP  *M  — Tbe  Word  "Uetropo- 
Ii«,"  4S!t  -  Liyre  Tourooli,  lb.  —  Homoo,  Ckid.  1.  28,  4M 

—  8bikwp«re  aiosnria  —  Glue  FilnllnE  -  "  Notl^nl 
but  J.'ius"  — A  Plea  for  Qr«aim«r  — B»lf«d:  ■'"  "  ' 
Uld  mj  Partner  Joe"- Torkihlro  Balliid.  A 
TOH  Panill J  —  Warm  -  MiAoi  —  Blr  Brian  Tuke 
Bowlandwn'— Hiitoricml  Evidenca  —  PytbuDi 
— Jobn  Lang,  Esq.  ~~  Seal  of  an  Abbot  ot  C 
Ac,  487. 

Kolea  on  Book*,  ke. 


'^\Lii 


THE  DUKE  OF  MEDINA   SIDONIA  AND   THE 
SPANISH  AKMADA,— No.  II. 
^  9  to  do  Bometbiii^ 
creponcies  which  appeared 
lata  communicatioD. 

The  followinif  ia  the  onalyBiB  in  the  Calendar  of 
8taU  Papers  (Domestic,  1581-1590,  p.  524)  of  a 
letter  from  Thoa.  Fennel,  on  board  the  NonpBjeliA, 
to  Walgjngham,  Au^.  4,  The  text  is  too  long  to 
quote,  but  thia  pricis  19  euffident :  — 

"  The  encounter  on  the  23th  Julj :  ths  Almighty  halb 
•tricken  the  enemy  with  a  wonderful  fear.  The  wut  of 
uwder.  shot,  and  vietnals  had  here  done  oiach  service. 
The  Spanish  fleet  had  been  followed  beyood  the  56th 
degree  of  latitude,  230  leaRues  from  the  coait.  Return 
of  the  English  ahipa  to  the  Flrtb  in  Scotland  [tba  Forth], 
to  TtUrct  thiir  aval  of  aatir  and  proBuiaiu,  TVw  pi»- 
uaca  hmi  fulloictd  the  Spataih  flctt  btmnd  tht  Oriiqp, 
Intense  distress  of  the  Spanish  fleet.  English  returned 
■with  N.W.  wind  to  N.  Foreland.  Since  writing  this  the 
wind  has  changeil  to  S.W.,  and  so  great  a  storm  :  so  that 
Uie  Spanish  fleet  cannot  seize  either  England,  Ireland, 
ScotUnd,  Flanders,  noi  the  Oat  lalet  of  Scotland." 

On  Aug.  22,  Sir  Oeorge  Carey  writaa  from  "  the 
P«rk,  I.  of  Wight,"  to  hie  father  Lord  Himadon  :— 

**  Tt  male  please  ron  to  be  advertUed  that  thia  mom- 
jnpii  there  arrived  beer  div'a  marynora  of  this  Island 
which  came  in  a  barqne  of  Hampton  from  Shetland,  who 
appon  otha  affirme  that  on  this  daje  fort«nigbte,  bidnge 
the  b">  of  this  p'sente,  they  beinge  Bome  zli  leagues  ftwt 
Shetlandc  south-easte,  where  they  bad  bnu  ■  flahlng^ 
tJiey  desEryed  [desciiedj  a  verie  gceala  fleete  of  mon- 
atcroDg  gresle  shippa  to  their  wemynge,  being  abora  IGO 


"  Sitbcnea  whioh  tjrtt  tar  *li  dalM  togtlha  tbay  aata 
tliey  band  at  aea,  the  winda  motta  at  aonthaaata, 
wMicby  tbey  jndga  the  Spaoiaha  flaeta  wonlda  fttohe  no 
paita  of  SeoUaod  ozcspte  soma  of  tha  ont  Iilia."— P.  M 

The  next  Btate-piq>er  but  one  bean  the  Mtou 
date,  and  is  a  latter  from  the  mayor  of  8c»tii> 
amptoQ  ti3  Walsjugham,  Teporting  the  nawa  com> 
mutiiciited  to  him  by  a  satlor  jnat  arriTad  from 
Scottand,  eTidentlj  m  the  same  ship  as  ia  mm- 
tinned  in  the  pnTiDBt  account,  of  whioh  it  ia 
simply  oonflimatoiy  as  to  date,  locality,  Ac 

In  a  letter  ftton  Dover  of  Aug.  4,  Oom.  Edw, 
Wynter  writaa  to  Walajngham  t£at — 

"  Tonnge  Norr^  y<  w««  MDts  aftoT  y*  Eoanjga  Fleata 
to  d)ico>er  w^  ways  they  meute  to  take  thdr  ooium^ 
biyngea  ccrtania  nawei,  y'  he  lefts  tham  to  y*  wast- 
wardei  of  y*  Ilandes  of  Uifawy,  w^  ja  thayre  eonne 
dyreetly  tbr  Spayne."— A.  In  Cw. 

These  accounts  make  it  erident  that,  m  or  bafim 
Aug.  8,  the  Spanish  nary  were  neat  Fair  Island. 
The  discrepancy  between  the  4th  and  the  Sth  ia 
ourioua^  especially  as  both  datea  occur  in  doou- 
ments  whose  veraoity  can  hudi*  be  queatioaad. 
But  it  is  nUnral  to  soppoaa  toe  fleet  to  hava 
delayed  there,  where  so  many  diSennt  oonmaa 
weie  poaidble  ammg  the  islands,  sad  Qiey  m^ 
hare  been  cotuoderably  scattered:  so  that  tbey 
might  be  seen  at  both  datea  nearly- in  tba  same 
lo(^ty,  between  the  Oricneys  and  Fair  lale.  Nor- 
reys  miist  hare  been  in  one  of  the  two  Munaoss 
that  followed  the  Spanish  fleet  beyond  Ue  Oik- 
neya.  The  south-east  wind  which,  according  to 
the  mariner  who  reported  to  Sir  QeorM  Carey, 
was  blowing  for  seven  days  after  the  Su,  ia  that 
which  wonld  drive  the  Dnlce'a  ship  on  the  etut 
nde  of  Fair  Isle,  where  she  was  wrecked  acootd- 
ing  to  the  Shetland 'Stoiy. 

Sir  John  Qilbert  writea  &om  Greenwar  oa 
November  7,  1568,  to  Wabfrigham  (p.  667  in 
Cat.):  — 

*■  I  have  this  d^s  naesTed  adveitiMqiaiit*  by  one 
Kichaide  Blackatar  of  Tottsea,  marchsnnt,  that  eiiaa 
preaentlye  hum  Bl  mallowM  f St,  Halo],  sod  they  rs- 

Sgrte  (there  la)  by  a  iUpp  tfat  esM*  hMj*  eat  oT 
payne  that  tha  Dnk*  of  BMsns  was  anT*«d,  aad  hoita 
in  one  of  his  le^*;  belDgat  theooorts  the  Kiiigs  wslds 
not  ne  blm,  but  oomSDoaed  Urn  to  Ua  howaa,  and  thsM 
ar  60  of  tba  ffloete  Bnyved  on  the  ooaito  of  Spsyns." 

Thia  is  the  earliest  record,  of  the  "Domestio'' 
series,  in  which  I  find  the  Du^'s  arrival  in  Spain 
mentuKied.  This  agrees  well  with  the  statement 
which  I  quoted  a^ti  p.  438,  that  the  Queen,  beieg 
"IhoToughW  assnred  of  the  return  of  the  Dak* 
into  Spain,^  bad  m  apedal  thaidngiTiDg  aendca 
perfonned  on  Not.  18,  and  entitles  aa  to  infer 
that  the  Duke  may  hare  aniTed  nbont  flie  iMt 
week  in  October. 


472 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[-V^  8.  lY.  Dig.  4»  tlL 


These  dates  allow  us  much  more  time  than  we 
had  before,  and  we  a4«k — Can  the  shipwreck  on 
Fair  Isle,  and  the  return  to  Spain,  be  brought 
within  the  same  autumn  ?  I  thiuK  they  can.  The 
Duke  was  nenr  Fair  Isle,  at  latest,  on  August  8. 
Suppose  he  were  shipwrecked  on  the  10th,  one 
month  would  be  sufficient  for  the  gradual  starva- 
tion of  his  men  and  the  islanders ;  and  if  he  were 
taken  off  about  Sept.  10  to  Shetland,  and  enter- 
tained there  (as  we  are  told)  twenty  days  or  a 
month  till  the  ship  was  ready,  ho  might  be 
brought  to  Dunkirk  about  Oct.  15,  and  arrive  in 
Spain  at  about  the  requisite  date,  say  Oct.  "22, 

On  this  supposition,  Monteith  is  in  error  in 
saying  that  he  "wintered"  on  Fair  Isle,  but  in 
nothing  else ;  and  the  sailors  of  Admiral  Kecalde's 
division  are  wrong  in  supposing  the  Duke*s  ship 
to  be,  with  the  rest  of  his  squadron,  as  far  as  the 
north-west  of  Ireland.  The  dates  given  by  Em. 
Fremosa  on  his  examination  may  be  correct,  if 
the  date  of  his  examination  (from  which  the 
others  are  deduced  by  coimting  backwards)  was 
Riven  in  the  New  St  vie,  then  recently  adopted  in 
Catholic  countries,  "they  would  indeed  stnkingly 
confirm  the  accounts  now  brought  forward:  for 
then  he  would  assign  Aug.  7  (Old  i.  e.  English 
Style)  as  the  day  when  tne  fleet  was  near  the 
Orkneys,  while  Sir  G.  Carey's  mariner  gives  the 
8th.  tlnallv.  Stow  has  led  us  astray  by  asserting 
that  the  Duke  arrived  in  Spain  about  the  end  of 
September.  As  to  Mariana,  I  find  that  his  por- 
tion of  the  history  bearing  his  name  closed  earlier, 
and  that  the  account  of  these  years  is  given  by 
his  continuator  (whose  name  is,  t  think,  Miniana), 
who  lived  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  has 
therefore  no  authority  in  this  matter. 

The  shipwreck  at  Fair  Isle  thus  actually  solves 
a  difficulty,  viz.  the  very  late  return  of  the  Duke, 
which  was  not  known  in  England  till  November, 
whereas  the  rest  of  the  fleet  had  returned  about 
the  end  of  September.  It  fills  up  a  gap  till  now 
unexplained.  Russell  Martineau. 


CARDINAL  ANGELO  MAI,  AND  THE  AMBROSIAN 

LIBRARY,  MILAN. 

I  believe  I  am  correct  in  stating  that  this  cele- 
brated and  most  valuable  library  owes  its  existence 
entirely  to  the  munificence  of  (cardinal  Federigo 
Borromeo,  nephew  of  the  great  St.  Charles,  and 
his  successor  in  the  see  of  Milan.  This  illustrious 
prelate — who  seems  to  have  inherited  the  virtues 
if  not  the  talents  of  his  uncle — began  to  collect 
books  and  MSS.  when  he  was  a  student  at  Home. 
He  enlarged  his  plan  as  he  advanced  in  age 
and  dignities ;  and,  when  at  length  he  was  raised 
to  the  archbishopric,  he  sent  learned  men  all  over 
the  world  to  purchase  manuscripts  or  to  have 
them  carefully  copied.  The  literary  wealth  of 
the  famous  monastery  of   Bobbio  was  divided 


between  the  Vatican  and  Ambroaiaii 
Cardinal  Federigo  Borromeo  founded  the  Ambro- 
sian  College,  and  appointed  sixteen  docton  to 
teach  all  the  fine  arts  and  sdences  gratuitously: 
to  this  noble  establishment  he  joined  the  Ambzo- 
sian  Library,  and  opened  it  to  the  public  mider 
the  title  of  "  Bibliotheca  Ambroaiana."  It  is  said 
to  contain  more  than  40,000  volumes  and  15,000 
MSS.  Amongst  these  manuscripts,  the  most 
valuable  in  affording  help  towards  the  Tecorerj 
and  correction  of  the  remains  of  Origen's  SextgUa 
is  the  ^' Codex  Syro-  IJexaplaris  AmbroBiano* 
Mediolanensis,"  ♦  of  which  the  Rev.  F.  Field, 
M.A.,  has  made  such  good  use  in  his  Iear^ad 
work  entitled  — 

**  Origenis  Ilcxaplorum  qtuB  superaunt;  sive  Yetemm 
Interpretum  Graccorum  in  totuni  Vetus  Teatamentani 
FraguienU.*'— Tumi  ii.  Fasciculus  i.-ii.,  Ozonii,  1867-4S8. 

The  Bev.  Alban  Butler,  who  inspected  the 
library  in  the  last  century,  mentions  as  one  of  the 
curiosities  amongst  the  manuscripts  all  the  MS, 
sermons  of  St.  Charles  Borromeo,  a  yery  ancient 
Pliny,  and  a  line  MS.  in  Greek  of  the  works  of 
St  Gregor}*^  Nazianzen  (Travels  throvgh  FnmcB 
and  It^ly^  ^'c,  during  the  Years  1745  and  1746,  by 
the  late  Hev.  Alban  Butler,  London,  1803).  The 
Rev.  John  C.  Eustace,  as  well  as  Alban  Butler, 
mentions  that  the  most  valuable  treasure  in  the 
library  was  a  manuscript  collection,  in  13  vols,  folia^ 
of  various  works  of  Leonardo  da  Yincii  conaatins 
of  drawings,  designs,  &c.  These  had  been  presentea 
to  the  library  by  a  citizen  of  the  name  of  Galeafl 
Arconati,  who  generously  refused  yast  suma  for 
this  precious  deposit.  To  secure  its  possession  to 
Iiis  country,  he  consigned  it  to  the  Ambrosian 
Library,  as  to  an  inviolable  sanctuary  (see  Eus- 
tace's Tour,  ^'c,  p.  29,  ed.  London,  f815).  The 
reverend  gentleman  states  that  this  collection  was 
torn  from  the  Milanese  by  the  French,  "  and  sent 
off,  tost  and  -jumbled  in  the  common  moas  of 
plunder,  to  Paris ''t  (p.  30). 

When  Mai  was  ordered  by  Xappleon  I.  to  rs- 
tum  to  his  native  province,  he  came  to  Ifilan, 
accompanied  by  his  tutor  Luigi  MozzL  Mai,  who 
at  this  time  was  only  a  priest,  had  been  preyiously 
continuing  his  studies  in  Naples,  Kome  aai 
Orvieto,  under  the  tuition  of  the  Rev.  Fathers 
Manero  and  Mouchaca,  Spanish  ex-Jesuita.  Aftar 
a  time  Mozzi,  fully  aware  of  the  wonderful  gifia 
and  powers  of  his  beloved  pupil,  had  him  named 
a  doctor  of  the  Ambrosian  Library.  Here  I  most 
quote  the  words  of  Cardinal  Wiseman  respecting 
tne  glorious  discoveries  of  ancient  authors  made 
in  this  mine  of  unexplored  MSS.  b^  Mm,  with 
whom   his  late  Eminence  was  so  intimate.    I 

*  The  whole  of  this  "  Codex"  is  aboat  to  be  pabUtbed 
under  the  care  and  superintendence  of  the  Ber.  Ih*. 
Ccriani,  Librarian  of  the  Ambrosian  Librai;}'. 

t  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  these  treasures  have  bsea 
returned  by  the  French  government. 


41*8,  IV.  Dei 


I. '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


believe  no  cnmpli'tc  bingmphy  of  Cardinal  Mai 
has  yet  been  pitbllHhi.'d  in  Engllsli.  But  Cardinitl 
Wisemnii  givu^  n  very  interesting  sketch  of  his 
esteenipd  fritnii  \v\  n  work  entitled  lleeoOectioat  of 
the  ImhI  Four  I'lipei,  aud  of  Borne  in  their  Timej 
(London,  Hurst  &  niackeli).  Cardinal  Mai  was 
raised  to  the  purple  by  I'opo  Gregory  XVI.  At 
chap.  V.  p.  nO:t,  his  Eminence  thus  speaks  of  the 
labours  nnd  wonderful  dLscOTe^ies  of  Mai  in  tbe 
AmbrosioQ  Library;  — 


"He   round  in  the  Milanert 


poihaps  d 


N'o  duiibt  i1 


.      il  thnt  acpuratelv.    .... 

CO  led  him  had  only  culcivoteil  llie  upper  soil  ia 
,  lot  diicovfred  the  exub«r- 
■ntly  pTPcinns*  Itovaltiis'  which  lay  hidden  beneath  (he 
anrnec.  L'niler  [hv  li-ttcr  of  th«  irriliniti  tbere  ilumberHl 
Bfplrlt  which  bad  lun^'  Uin  there  tpcll-bounil,  awaiting 
a  master-maKimn  la  free  it:  *  spirit  of  poetn'  aome- 
liiiKA,  romelimei  at  eluqncnca;   a  muse  of  hi - 


of  phih 


rop  ri;;>ir 


K'd  in 


itilicslly  ealled. 


Palimptrili.     A  liooli,  for  inst 

Sroporiy  catalo(;ned  at  eonlaininR  the'Cnnimentarita  or 
ermona  of  some  abbot  of  tbe  eleventh  or  twelfth  cen- 
turr — Trork*  ufwhicb  there  may  tw  several  other  t ran' 
sen'pta  in  the  liijrary.  Edited  or  not.  it  is  improbable 
that  Ibe  viilumc  has  lieen,  or  will  be,  lookeil  into  during 
But  tbe  lens-like  eye  of  a  Don  AnRelo 


peer 
'    I 
b 

heathen  emp 
though  I,  (he  parcl 


enieration ;   and 


I.  Thew 


e  letters  for  inali 
■—and  had  scrubbed,  •) 
n  both  of  its  inky  and  ol 
en  had  written  arer  it 


>t  Mai 


Jt  i( 


}>crhapii  it  was  like  the  lines  of  a  repainted  canvaii,  which 
jn  coarse  of  time  come  tbrougb  the  more  evanescent 
tints  ntperadded — n  leg  or  arm  eroppin);  out  through  the 
mouth  of  an  impajsioneil  liesii,  bv  the  second  artist ;  and 
he  could  trace  clearly  tbe  large  forma  of  uncial  letters  of 
tlie  tiMirth  or  titth  crntun-,  sprawling  through  tno  lines 
of  neatly-written  lirevier." 

"  Ingenuity,  patience,  learning,  and  immense  perse- 
verance were  rec|ui«ite  for  Hh- process.  Often  only  uncon- 
neclAl  passa;;eswece  found;  half  > sentence  in  one  page, 
which  the  text  did  not  continue,  but  tbe  rest  of  which 
might  Tierhaps  tit'  found  in  another  mannscript,  three 
hundred  numhen  off.  Sometimes  portions  ol^  various 
works  were  jumbled  together  under  one  later  pr<Kiactian, 
upside  dunn,  bnrk  to  back.  like  shuffled  canls ;  whUo 
perhaps  n"t  one  pfl[;e  eontained  the  ■  lacipit,"  or  the 

'  F.xniieit  frliciler,  lilier  I,  de .'  so  as  to  give  a  clue 

Id  what  these  fragments  contained.  Learning  was  then 
indeed  neci's^arj';  fur  conjecture  often  gave  the  first 
intimition  of  what  had  been  discovered  from  the  style,  or 
from  the  seiilcnrp  having  been  fortunately  embalmed  or 
pettilied  hv  quotation  from  soma  later  autbor.  In  Ibis 
way  did  Aai   lalmur  nn.  looking  through  the  tangled 

iJilTereat  threails 


'.  till  I. 


had  dra' 


taining  works,  or  portions  of  works,  lost  as  it  was  sup- 
posed irreeovcrably.  Various  orations  of  Cicero';  the 
Inst  writings  of  Julius  Fronto;  unpublished  letteia  of 
Marcus  Aurelius.  Antoninus  Pius.  Lucius  Vcrus,  and 
Appian ;  fragnienls  of  speeches  by  Aurelius  Symmachus  j 
the  history  of  Dinnvsiua  of  Haiicarniissus,  from  the  12th 
t«  tbe  20lh  lKiDk;'inediIed  fragments  of  Fhilo;  ancient 
commentaries  on  Virgil ;  two  books  of  Kusebius'n  Chro- 
nicles; the  itineraries  of  Aleitander  and  of  Onitanlhia 
Augustus,  son  of  the  Emperor  Constantine ;  three  book) 
of  Julius  Valerius  on  the  actions  of  Akxander  the 
Great;  finally,  the  celebrated  (jothio  vetrion,  by  Ulphilaa, 
of  St.  Paul  and  other  parts  of  Scripture.  Such  were  the 
principal  works  lecorered  and  published,  with  notes, 
preface^  and  translations,  by  this  Indefatigable  scholar, 
in  the  period  jast  mentioned,  of  six  year«.  It  .was  a 
work  in  which  he  could  hare  little  or  no  assistance  from 
others;  in  fact,  it  wai  an  art  exclusively  bis  own/'  Ac. 

When  Mai  was  appointed  first  librarian  in  the 
Vatican  Library,  he  lost  no  titne  in  exploring 
the  wider  and  richer  field  there  offered  Jot  bia 
cultivation.  We  all  know  the  results,  whicb 
would  form  an  interesting  article  for  readers  of 
"N.  &  Q.,"  under  the  heading  of  "  Cardinal  Mai 
in  tbe  Vatican  Library."  What  a  pity  no  Life 
of  bia  Eminence,  like  that  of  Cardinal  Mezzofanii 
by  the  Hev.  Dr.  Murray,  President  of  Majnooth 
College,  has  as  yet  appeared  in  English.  There 
are,  I  believe,  abundant  materials  at  baud.  He 
died  at  Albano,  on  September  8,  185J,  nnd  left 


all  his  M»S.  to  tbe  Vatican. 
Kor 


J,  D ALTON. 


ENGLISH  LITERATURE  IN  GERMASY. 
The  republication,  in  a  collected  fomi,  of  tboM 
Eogliah  minor  writings,  mostly  of  modem  date 
it  will  appear,  which  Literature  hex  sanctioned 
by  the  names  of  Essays,  Critiques,  or  Reviews 
has  been  greeted  with  much  applnuse  in  Germany, 
Tbe  publishing  firm  of  Otto  Meissner  of  Ham- 
burg has  just  issued  the  firsf  volume  of  a  seriea 
of  what  IS  generally  on  the  Continent  called 
English  Essays  (EagUA  Euays,  8vo,  pp.  322. 
Hamburg :  Otto  Meissner,  1600) ;  and,  according 
to  the  prospectus,  four  such  Tolumes  will  be  pub- 
lished yearly  at  tbe  very  moderate  price  of  eigh- 
t«ea-pence  (half-thaler) each.  I'aperand  piiataia 
very  good.    The  prospectus  says ;  — 

"  One  of  tbe  most  beautiful  blossoms  of  English  litera- 

known  by  the  name  of  Essays.  The  cultivation  of  thi* 
sort  of  literary  production  is  veiT  ancient  in  England; 
snch  men  as  Ilucon  aud  Addison,  flume  and  Jelfter,  Cat- 
Ivle  and  Hacaolav  having  earned  no  small  part  of  their 
famebvperrormancea  of  this  kind.  Inour  time  the  great 
critical  periodical^  as  TKe  EiEnburgh,  Tit  Quarltrl)i, 
Thi  tt^ttlmiailtr,  and,  from  beyond  the  ocean.  Iha  .V.irtt 
Amtriea*  RnitK,  form  the  chief  dep6t  of  similar  coDtrl- 
butinn*  fnim  different  authors. 

''  Prom  these  rich  treasure!  it  is  proposed  to  publish  • 
collection  of  the  most  eminent  among  them,  under  tlw 
litla  of  Ca^ffA  Et-ifM.  As  the  predilection  for  English 
literature  ia  more  and  more  on  the  iacreaae  on  the  Con- 
lineAl,  it  is  conSdently  hoped  that  the  present  as  well  as 
the  fidlowing  volomei  will  meet  with  a  gracloui  recep- 


474 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4>ka.l7.  Dni4i^llL 


tion  from  a  lai^e  circle  of  readersL    The  contents  is  to 
be  of  the  most  di versified  nature,  as,  according  to  Goethe*8 
saying  — 
*  lie  who  brings  much,  something  will  bring  to  many/ 

Compositions  on  Belles Lettrcs,  on  History  and  Biography, 
on  Voyages  and  Travel?,  on  Sociology,  on' Art  and  Natural 
Science  will  be  found  to  alternate  in  each  volume." 

The  promise  is  very  good,  and  fairly,  very  fairly, 
kept  by  this  first  volume,  although  most  of  the 
contents  deserve  the  appellation  of  revietcs  better 
than  til  at  of  cssoj/s,  ii  wo  wish  to  measure  the 
latter  term  by  those  excellent  productions  of 
Bacon,  Addison,  Montaigne,  Lamb,  Southey'fl 
most  charming  papers  in  The  Doctor,  &c. ;  but  it 
seems  the  word  essays,  in  its  literary  sense,  has 
become  much  more  expanded  than  at  Bacon*8, 
Montaigne's,  or  even  Addison's  time.  At  all  events, 
the  bill  of  fare  is  very  good,  and  Germans  who  are 
not  able  to  road  the  articles  in  the  original  re- 
views and  journals  cannot  but  be  thankful,  very 
thankful,  for  the  und(;rtaking.  The  contents  of 
vol.  i.  are — "Modem  English  Poets"  {Quarterly 
IteviexL\  April,  1869;  ^' Lord  Pal merston  "  (from 
the  volume  of  biographies  by  Miss  Martineau^  ; 
«  Lord  Derby's  Translation  of  the  Iliad  "  {Edin- 
hitrgh  lievieir,  January,  1806) ;  *'  Edmund  Kean" 
(a  review  of  ^Ir.  F.  W.  Hawkins's  two  volumes, 
The  Life  of  Edmund  Kean^  (in  the  Athenceum, 
No.21CO,18bO) ;  the  excellent  article  on  "Madame 
'Ro\mdi'\Edmhw'ghRevu'xc,  April,  1865) ;  "  Char- 
lotte Bronte  "  (a  reviev/  of  Mrs.  Gaskell's  excel- 
lent LifOy  from  the  North  American  RevieiCj 
October,  1857)  :  '^Alexander  von  Humboldt  (by 
Miss  Martineaii ) ;  "  Prince  Henry  the  Navigator  " 
Ca  review  of  Mr.  R.  II.  ^lajor  s  Life,  from  the 
Edinhuryh  RevietOy  July,  1868) ;  *'  Robert  Owen  " 
(a  review  of  Mr.  Booth's  Robert  Otven,  from 
The  AthencBum,  No.  2182,  1869);  "Nuremberg" 
(an  excellent  review  of  Mr.  H.  T.  Whitling's 
charming  IHcturcs  of  Nuremherg,  from  the  NoHh 
American  Revieio) ;  to  which  is  added,  as  a  kind 
of  appendix,  Ix)ngfellow's  splendid  descriptive 
poem  of  that  — 

*'  Quaint  old  town  of  toil  and  traflSc,  quaint  old  town  of 
art  and  song  *' ; 

and,  lastly,  "The  True  Story  of  Lady  Byron's 
Life  "  (Macim'ilatiy  September,  1869),  whirh  has 
created  as  much  painful  interest  on  the  Continent 
almost  as  in  England ;  and  the  very  words  in  the 
beginning  of  which,  "  The  story  of  the  mistress 
vermis  wife,"  and  its  bad  taste,  ignorant  violation 
of  family  affairs,  and  disregard  of  all  truly  womanly 
feelings,  have  created  a  storm  of  disapprobation 
against  the  vilo  gossip  contained  in  this  story. 

If  I  ba\  0  given  too  long  an  explanation  of  the 
little  volume,  it  has  been  merely  to  show  the 
thankfulness  with  which  such  literary  undertak- 
ings, as  regards  England's  rich  and  racy  literature, 
are  received  on  the  Continent. 

IIermaitn  Kijtdt. 


BEMOND. 


In  Mr.  FumivaH's  edition  of  JSymiu  to  Clf 
Virgin  and  Christ,  published  by  the  Early  Kngliah 
Text  Society,  there  occurs  a  word  which  lie  lum 
abandoned  in  despair.    It  is  found  at  p.  61,  in  fhb 

following  stanza : — 

**  Quod  rcsoun,  Mn  age  of  .xx.  3eer, 
Goo  to  oxcnford,  or  lenie  lawe.' 
Quod  lust,  *  hari)o  &  giterne  |>cre  may  y  leere, 
And  pickid  staffe  and  buckelere,  >ere-wi>to  plawe. 

At  tauerne  to  make  wommcn  myrie  cheere. 

And  wilde  felawis  to-gidere  drawe, 
And  be  to  hemond  a  good  squyer 

Al  ny3t  til  he  day  do  dawel" 

I  venture  to  suggest  the  following  expIanatioiL 
In  Anthony  a  \Vood*8  History  and  AnUquiiim 
of  the  Ufiioersify  of  Oxford  (ed.  Gutch,  j798). 
vol.  i.  p.  263,  under  the  year  1263,  it  is  velatetl 
that— 

**  Towards  the  latter  end  of  this  year,  a  little  befaratht 
feast  of  St  Mathias,  Prince  £dward  the  Kioffs  m 
returning  from  Paris  took  his  joamey  with  hie  amj 
towards  the  Marches  of  Wales,  and  passing  to  Qsmt 
the  Burghers  thereof  shot  up  their  gates  against  Uh 
(certain  discomposures,  occasioned  by  the  Banmi*  bdag 
then  on  foot)  so  that  he  was  forced  to  go  throogh  tilt 
Northern  suburbs  to  the  King's  Hall  in  ItlMgdalea  pailii, 
and  there  to  continue  till  the  next  morrow,  at  what  tfaM 
he  and  his  retinue  departed.  In  Uie  mean  time  Um  GIvfcs 
being  shut  within  the  Town,  and  denied  a  sight  of  tfadr 
Prince  (whose  company  th^  much  desired  witfain  flM 
walls)  and  their  usual  and  daily  ^porU  ui  BtoMmomt^  €■■• 
to  Smithgate  to  have  permission  to  go  out  for  that  pi^ 
pose,  but  one  of  the  Baillivea  being  there,  flatlj  dmidl 
them,  and  bid  them  begone  to  their  respective  Inni.  UpoB 
this  they  returned,  and  having  got  axea,  eledgMv  aal 
other  weaponfi,  as  also  bows  and  arrows,  which  thej  hf 
force  took  from  the  Fletchers'  shops,  came  in  great  mvlti- 
tudes  and  broke  the  Gate  open." 

The  same  story  is  told  in  verse  by  Robert  of 
Gloucester  (p.  540,  ed.  Heame),  who  calls  "  Betn- 
niont "  Beumound  or  Beumand, 

I  therefore  conjecture  that  "bemond"  is  tlia 
same  as  Beumond,  Beumound,  or  Beaumont^  the 
favourite  resort  of  the  students  of  Oxford,  for- 
merly the  site  of  a  palace  built  by  Henzy  L, 
the  name  of  which  still  remains  ia'^'Beaamaiit 
Street."  "To  be  to  bemond  a  good  squyer'' is 
to  be  a  constant  frequenter  of  Beaumont  sad  SB 
associate  of  all  the  idle  and  dissolute  students  of 
Oxford.  The  mention  of  "oxenford"  iu  tiks 
advice  of  "  resoun ''  appears  to  suggest  this^  nd 
it  is  curiously  confirmed  by  a  reference  to  tht 
Oxford  Munimenfa  Academica,  ed.  Anstey.  At 
p.  24  we  find  it  was  ordained,  that  by  the  authority 
of  the  chancellor  an  inquisition  should  bemads  at 
least  once  a  year,  *'  de  perturbatoribus  jpada  st 
puhlicis  tabernariis  et  utentibus  arte  'boiniaiiis' 
ac  mulierculas  in  cameris  suis  detinentibus "— • 
regulation  which  may  serve  as  a  comment  upon 
the  wild  fellows  and  tavern  haunters  of  thepoOL 
At  p.  626  is  an  account  of  a  quarrel  between  a 


4*S.iy.  Dec.4 


»•) 


NOTES  AKO  QUEKIES. 


*1i 


•erTBiDt  and  h  acbokr,  who  had  fallen  out  otet  a 
gama  of  "  sweid  and  bokeloTO "  or  "  pfkjd staff." 
If  we  combine  with  the»e  the  fact  that  at  p.  30 
the  number  of  reeeuta  of  the  streets  appointed  to 
keep  order  outside  the  Dorth  gate  is  aiz.  while 
only  two  were  told  off  for  duty  without  the  east 
gate,  it  will  be  evident  that  "  bemond  "  or  Beau- 
niont,  to  which  the  north  gate  led,  waa  more  dia- 
orderly  than  any  other  suburb  of  Oxford.  In 
Loggnn's  map,  "Beaumont"  appears  as  an  open 
sp«kce  in  front  of  "  The  White  Friars,"  and  Wood 
tells  ai  that  Edward  II.  gave  hie  palace  ia  Beau- 
mont, "  which  was  near  to  their  own  mansion,"  to 
the  Carmelites.     (Wood,  Bid.  i.  948.) 

WiLLiAx  AJ.D1S  Wkisht. 


Aithnr'a  Sett  and  StiOa- 
bnrr  OraigB,  are  behind;  at  the  btekiaAlMUdi^ 
witD  a  tower  or  steeple.  It  ia  an  ezcoedlaglj 
rude  productian,  and  rerj  anllka  the  derieat  of 
other  printers  of  the  period :  — 
"An*  Ltttn  maid  to  H'  W~  Nwdrye  hii  hctooHs  and 


EDUCATION  IS  8C0TLAND  IS  IM9. 

The  following  iaterestini  document,  which  has 
been  preserved  in  the  Book  of  Decreets,  ftc,  kept 
in  her"  jMajeatieaGtineral  Register  House  for  3cot< 
land,"  merits  attention  aa  affording  evidence  of 
the  desire  of  tbose  in  power  to  promote  the  edu- 
cation of  youth  in  Scotland  more  than  three  cen- 
turies aaw. 

Of  Mr.  William  ?4'udrie  or  Niddrie  nothing  is 
known,  neither  have  any  of  the  elementary  works 
ennmerated  in  the  letter  been  found  in  any  library 
in  Scotland.  'I'his,  however,  is  not  very  remark- 
able, aa  the  volumes  naturally  met  the  same  fate 
aa  that  which,  in  more  civilised  times,  attends 
school-books.  Even  at  a  Bubsequent  date  the 
numerous  elementary  books,  the  ezistenee  of 
which  may  be  traced  in  the  Testaments  of  oui 
Scotish  printers  and  publishers,  have  entirely 
disappeared.  Thus,  one  copy  of  deert/g  Sateet 
EpiriU*,  defective  in  the  title,  bat  fortunately 
having  the  imprint  and  device  at  the  end,  n 
believed  to  be  the  solitary  existing  spedmen 
of  the  works  of  that  class  which  issued  from 
the  press  of  Robert  Smyth,  an  Edinburgh  printer 
and  publisher  in  1583.  It  is  bound  up  with  other 
works  of  Cicero  printed  by  Brnoeman  at  Londmi, 
and  was  picked  up  for  a  trine  some  years  rince, 
having  been  ori^nally  in  the  library  of  a  conntiy 
clergyman. 

Smyth's  Testament  was  given  up  by  his  relict 
"  Jonct  Oairdin,"  in  name  and  behalf  of  "  David 
and  Ij^sobcll  Smjtb  haimis  and  his  Airs."  Smyth 
died  on  May  1,  1603.  Both  as  a  printer  and 
baok»'eller,  from  the  stock  on  hand,  he  must  hwe 
been  a  very  extensive  trader,  espeoolly  ID  school 
and  paaim-books.  Of  tha  5Herf  EpMst  of  OemrQ 
he  hnl  no  less  than  1274  co|nes  in  sheets.  Oftlieae, 
but  one  solitary  copy,  defectiva  in  the  titli^  is 
suppo^d  to  exist.  The  following  device  at  the 
end  precedes  the  date:  "  Edinburgi  apnd  Bober- 
tum  Smjtheum.  Anno  Do.  1683  "  (12").  A  seal 
placed  upon  a  salmon  in  a  flowing  river,  probably 
meant  for  the  Frith,  is  in  the  foiegnnuid ;  two 


uaigiuji*  Maksnd  MW&tioaB  That  qubalf  je  tald  Ifr 
WilliunehM  set  fuilh  for  yebattu  ioalntetkHia  of  woiv 
Chlldn-yn  In  the  art  tf  grammar  to  be  taucbc  in  Sootli, 
lianw  volomM  Mtowlng:  That  ia  to  mj,  Ans  achoM 
iatiodnEtioaBElMiiuitardinitkintoMtiiabniie  talbks 
for  j«  Mmmodioa*  axpsduioui  of  thame  thst  ir  te- 
siroiu  (4  nld  and  vriu  Uw  Soottls  toang,  Orttaoe^  til> 
linguiiiCompandlaaa  Litina  UngWB,  Not*  CalcvraphiM, 
Index  T^>le^  Hannilt,  bnaalle  lotnidndM  tlis  vntoan 
of  tbs  pdrtli  of  arttosn  la  gtdk  and  lat«K  ^i«i^  wtth 
thsir  aoddntda,  II«£(Mloa«i  In  BrsmmsHcain  dlipail^ 
rianam,H«lItadoDei  in  pnbUnm  (tfc)  Ksniognpfaiui  at 
nplaitnmdlatB,'rTlUngidililsntnTaSyntazl*,TriUagiik 
gnmmatiM  qneMkiu*,  An*  InMtietloan  for  tainb  (o  be 
r«nlt  Id  Scottis  and  latmsi  Aa  esemoit  Ibr  edneatloaB 
of  3aung  gentlUmia  in  Uteratnn  and  vmrtnoni  ezaral- 
tloon.  Ana  A*i  tot  Sooltu  nun  te  raid  the  flrMidM  toasg^ 
wtthanoesbortatioantojvnoUkofaeattaad  to  A 


Tbe  fnnlogls  of  Isf^sbe  Brhoal^ 
nb  llxmol^  e  Pnb.  TarMdi  AH 
nil  UiuHBtt,  inBcmldsrstioenqehalnrf.Oenlsswi 
ia  (Mdals  Umsm*  to  yt  said  WlHsms  Ui  li«- 
and  ■arimris  to  haTeoofie  the  prMittliut  ef  y« 
volamsa  dnring  r«  ipaos  of  ten  idrii  nm  SBi 
Hailis  fidleiraMi  ts  dait  b«li«r  or  <tf  ony  vihs* 
Tolomea  TSt  it  sal  hanu  hl«  to  bo  antbor  a»  ntcw  Ibilh 
daiioK  r*  said  spaea  with  eomound  In  tbs  aaMn  to  sU 
■nd  ^idrlo  onra  Naonna  lord  and  Udyi*  lansotls  als 
wdll  pianlarli  boha  tdlails  ss  vtfcstb  peimitt  wttUB 


hot  oDdiaya  nld  Haltut  wmiana  fats  L 

amlgnayli  fidmldii  nor  to  bnj  ooy  Tthsrii  sorUs 
of  Imprarioon  of  re  fidrsaldls  tMnmaa,  Bot  ramo  jtA 
«dbe  pnntit  bo  ya  Mid  HaUo:  WllHama  hb  betooita 
and  aadgnnyk,  Aad  jat  jral  nor  nan*  of  jwmt  do  doc 
attanpt  anytUnK  iDsoBtnlryls  UoMMandsralt  bavls 
Chain  BMoftnosTatyalor  anyofyano  marommit 
lod  bitcM  agank  ovr  soacrMwi*  malMHw  in  tbat  pansi 
And  jat  in  resompMuatlona  «i  n  tranaDs*  nd  Chamis 
■ntealt  and  to  bs  sastMit  b*  7*  sM  Kalstcr  WllOaM 
hii  aMtovii*  and  llgnsyta  toamtak  In  ye  hrthNtHnc 
pnollMC  of  ye  Bsidi*  voIbbm;  At  EdMmirii  jm 
J  day  o7  ABgn«  Cho  jrir  of  Qod  mt  v  z  UtpnOa 

ASCENTS  OF  MONT  BLANC* 
Albert  Smith's  ^tory  ^  Mmt  Shme,  and  lb. 
Anktjo's  XwratiPe  of  Of  Amm*  (3id  edit  1868), 
partiallT  afibrd  •  key  to  tbe  liet  of  stnuigdf- 
altared  fiDoliih  namea  quoted  by  Hmmx  F.  Poof' 
soKBT.  T&a  asoenrionisti,  on  Aug.  18, 18B1,  wan 
the  Hod.  W.  K  Ssekrille  Weat  Gharies  O. 
Floyd,  Frederick  Philips,  Albert  Smitb,  aadK 
VansittaTt  This  last  is  the  "  Wensitkeit  (O.  ILV* 
to  pnuling  to  Ms.  Pdhsoxbt.     Albeit  Saath 


1H». 


•Sss^S-lT.HI.aSL 


476 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^&iy.DM4|Wi 


onl}-.  They  carried  all  they  had  between  them :  dept,  I 
can*t  think  where,  for  they  never  came  to  the  Grands 
Millets;  and  reached  the  top  as  soon  as  we  did." 

«  Undreti,  Capitaine,  12  aoiit,  1818,"  was  Cap- 
tain Underbill,  R.N.,  who  made  the  ascent  on 
Aug.  13, 1819,  not  1818.  "  Pedwel"  was  Samuel 
Pidwell,  accompanied  by  Martin  Atkins,  also 
English,  and  Gabriel  Iledrengen,  a  Swede.  "  Al- 
pedecolatt,  8  juill.  1852,"  is  certainly  mysterious; 
nor  does  the  following  extract  from  the  above- 
quoted  work  seem  to  throw  much  light  upon 
it:  — 

'*  Seven  attempts  were  made  this  season  (1852)  to 
reach  the  summit,  and  of  these  aspirants  the  only  suc- 
cessful ones  were  Messrs.  J.  D.  IJ.  Brown  and  

Goodall,  both  English,  in  July.  Amongst  those  who 
failed  were  Mr.  Lake  Russell  and  son,  Mr.  Somes,  Mr. 
liFOSvenor,  Mr.  Kennard,  Mr.  Bulwer,  Mr.  U:>her,  and 
Mr.  John  Owens,  an  American  comedian.  The  weather 
was  .continuously  worse  than  had  been  known  fur  some 
years." 

Mr.  Auldjo  mentions  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hamilton 
and  Messrs.  Blackwell,  Birkbeck,  and  Mr.  B. 
Kichardson,  as  having  successfully  made  the 
ascent  in  August  18o4;  but  says  nothing  of  any 
attempts  during  the  following  September.  He 
also  notes  the  famous  ascent  by  the  (late)  "  Rev. 
Charles  Hudson,  Mr.  £.  S.  Kennedy,  and  a  small 
party  of  gentlemen,  by  a  new  route  and  without 
guides,"  in  August  1855.  Whether  any  resem- 
blance can  be  traced  between  these  names  and 
the  remaining  ones  quoted  by  Mr.  PoNSoyBY,  the 
ijigcnious  will  determine. 

Apropos,  at  one  of  those  pleasant  suppers  which 
Albert  Smith  was  wont  to  give  in  his  "Mont 
Blanc"  room,  at  the  Egyptian  Hall  (and  con- 
cerning which  Mr.  Sal.v  has  cheerily  discoursed 
in  a  paper  entitled  "  Shows,"  published  in  Temple 
Bar  for  June,  1803),  there  were  present,  besides 
the  host.  Dr.  Hamel  (whose  ascent  in  1820  was 
so  fatally  interrupted),  Mr.  Auldjo,  and  Francois 
Favret,"  the  Chamouni  guide;  to  say  nothing 
of  a  veritable  Swi&s  girl  in  cantonal  costume, 
and  a  great  St.  Bernard  dog.  This  was  a  nota- 
ble contingent  from  Mont  Blanc  to  meet  in  a 
London  room  by  chance,  at  a  date  before  an 
Alpine  Club  existed,  to  form  a  bond  between 
mountaineers.  Indeed,  I  have  a  hazy  recollection 
that  some  other  ascensionist  was  also  present,  but 
my  pocket-book  entry  affords  no  other  names 
than  the  above.  In  those  days  my  youthful 
sympathies  lay  rather  with  the  drama  than  the 
Alps;  and  to  hover  about  Charles  Kemble  and 
T.  P.  Cooke,  who  were  both  of  the  company,  was 
engrossing  enough  for  me  that  evening.  Mr. 
Auldjo  may  remember  the  occasion.  It  was  on 
January  21,  1854. 

] before  quitting  the  subject,  permit  me  to  re- 
mark that,  in  my  last  communication  regarding 
it  (p.  261),  "  Mer  de  la  Cote  "  should  read  "  Mur 
de  la  Cote,"  and  "Jfl^frras"  should  read  '^Tairraz:' 

A  Swiss  Tramp. 


Poetry  of  the  Fatheb  ow  IdTLTaa, — Tbi^ 
reader  of  Professor  Masson's  Ufe  of  MtUm — te 
the  completion  of  which  we  are  all  wiatfollf 
looking,  not  without  protest  against  the  otw- 
long  delay — will  remember  that  in  chapter  tw» 
an  account  is  given  of  a  '*  fine  old  Queen  Slixaheth 
gentleman ''  (Phillips'  words),  JohnLane,  aa  a 
or  call  him  versifier ;  and  that  amonff  other  tl 
are  unearthed  certain  lines  of  bis  addreased  to 
paternal  Milton,  and  of  the  paternal  Milton  to 
Lane,  with  tart,  not  to  say  contemptuonsy  oobk 
ment,  more  especially  on  the  manoscnpts  of  Lane. 
From  even  such  inadequate  examination  of  the 
Lane  MSS.  as  I  have  hitherto  been  able  to  make, 
I  rather  think  that  out  of  the  mass  of  them  aelee* 
tions  might  be  gleaned  well  worthjr  reyival ;  and 
at  any  rate  the  friendship  and  admiration  of  the 
composer  of  "  York  "  and  "  Norwich  *'  lead  me 
to  hesitate  in  accepting  the  Professor's  sweeping- 
condemnation,  based  as  it  is  avowedly  on  a  mev» 
looking  over  the  manuscri][>ts.  Be  this  as  it  may, 
I  feel  sure  that,  spite  of  his  severity  on  the  elder 
Milton's  lines  to  Lane,  Professor  Masson  will  he 
agreeably  disappointed  to  find  that  the  sonnet  in 
question  is  not  the  only  surviving  spedmen  of  hie 
muse.  I  have  the  pleasure  to  submit  another 
and  immensely  supenor  little  poem — M  the  great 
word  be  allowable — come  upon  during  other  re- 
searches. It  is  found  in  the  following  somewhat 
notable,  but  for  long  unread  volume,  by  the  odd- 
witted  author  of  the  Compters  CommonveaUhz — 

'*  Fennor's  Description.«,  or  a  True  Relation  of  Certaiaa 
and  diucrs  Speeches,  spoken  before  the  King  and  QueeMa 
most  excellent  Maicstio,  the  Prince  his  hiffbnaiM*  and 
the  Lady  Elizabeth's  Grace.  By  William  Fecnor,  fflt 
Maicstics  Soruant.  Lnidon,  Printed  bv  Edward  Grifle 
for  George  Gibbs  and  are  to  bee  sold  at  bit  shop  ie 
Pauls  Church-vard  at  the  eigne  of  the  Flowec^Dsuiet. 
161G."  4to. 

Hero  are  the  lines  verbatim,  et  literatim :  — 
"In  Laudem  Authoris. 

"  What  Enthousiasinos,  what  celestiall  flpirit» 

what  Hacrcd  fury  doth  thy  braines  iDuerit  f 
When  as  without  the  libertie  of  time,^ 

with  reason  thou  dost  couch  thy  witty  lyme 
So  quicke,  so  nimble,  and  acute  that  all 

wise  men,  will  hold  thy  wit  Canonicall. 
Why  shouldst  thou  not  then  wcare  a  wreath  of  bajv^ 

nav  a  whole  grouc  of  Lawrell  to  thy  praiae 
On  thy  ingenious  temples,  seeing  no  man 

can'match  thee,  our  times  best  Ouidian  ? 
Though  in  this  wit-blest  age  ther's  many  mea, 

haue  gaiuM  them  endlesse  glorv  by  their  penna^ 
Yet  none  of  these  could  euer  say  like  thee, 

that  what  they  writ  was  done  extempore. 
Therfore  were  1  thy  Patronc  and  possesst 

but  halfe.  that  wealth  wherewith  some  men  an  UmC: 
Thou  shouldst  fi)r  euer  in  thy  life  inherite 

meanes,  as  were  correspondent  to  thy  merit  r 
And  being  dead  thy  name  should  line  inroul'd, 

not  in  course  parchment,  bat  rich  leanea  of  gold. 

lOHN  MKLTonn.* 

If  the  scrivener  crop  out  in  theae  venei^  it 
must  also  bo  admitted  that  the  doee  haa  a  torn 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


477 


of  poetic  elevation.  Fennor  claimed  to  bo  a  kind 
of  rough-and-ready  improvisntore,  whicli  explains 
allusions  in  the  lines.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the 
orthograpliy  of  tlie  si;:^nature  is  '*  Meltonne."  This 
agrees  partly  with  Lane,  who  celebrates  — 
"  Tlio.'^o  sweet  sweet  parts  Mcltonus  did  compose." 
Melton,  Mylton,  Meltonus,  Meltonne,  Milton, 
are  interchanged  variations  contemporaneously: 
but  bo  it  noted  that  Melton,  not  as  above  Mel- 
tonne, is  the  spelling  of  the  "  Astrologaster." 

ALEx.\yDER  B.  Grosart. 

St.  George's,  Blackburn,  Lancashire. 

[These  lines  are  reprinted  in  Nichols's  Progresses  of 
James  I.,  iii.  1  11,  and  are  there  attributed  to  John  Melton, 
author  of  Astmlogaster,  or  the  Fiqure-caster,  1G20,  4to. 
'For  some  account  of  him,  see  "  N.  ^  Q."  2n'i  S.  xii.  420. 
Ei..] 

Dates  of  I^ntry  and  First  PrBLicATioN"  of 
Works  ijy  Daniel  Defoe. — Mr.  Lee  in  his  re- 
cently published  Life  of  Defoe  quotes  Jan.  27, 
17i?2,  as  the  date  of  the  first  edition  of  Moll 
FlamltrA;  publisher,  W.  Chetwood. 

On  recently  searching  the  books  of  entry  at 
Stationers'  ITall  by  the  courtesy  of  the  treasurer, 
I  find  that  it  i>»  entered  on  Jan.  1:?,  172§,  in  the 
name  of  Thos.  Edlin,  as  proprietor  of  the  whole 
copyright.  No  author's  name  appears  in  the 
entry.  This  interval  of  fifteen  days  (from  Jan. 
12-27)  is  an  unusual  periol  to  elapse  between 
entry  and  publication ;  and  the  question  arises 
whether  Edlin  issued  a  previous  edition  not  known 
to  Mr.  Lee,  or  whether,  he  having  obtained  the 
copyright  from  Defoe,  as  middle-man,  then  as- 
fiigned  his  right  in  Moll  Flanders  for  publication 
in  succession  to  Chetwood,  Brotherton,  and  Read, 
whom  Mr.  Lee  names  as  the  publishers  of  succes- 
sive editions.  He  may,  however,  have  been  the 
printer. 

While  on  tliis  subject,  I  may  mention  that 
The  Family  Instructor  was  entered  March  31, 
17L5,  the  same  day  as  quoted  by  Mr.  Lee,  in  the 
;mme  of  Eman.  Matthews  for  the  whole  copy- 
right :  no  author's  name  appears.  liobinson  Crusoe 
(first  part),  which  Mr.  Lee  quotes  as  published 
April  'Ji),  1710,  was  entered  on  2.3rd  in  the  name 
of  Wm.  Taylor  for  the  whole  copyright;  no  au- 
thor's name.  The  second  part  of  the  same  work 
was  likewise  entered  in  a  similar  manner  on  Aug. 
17,  1710,  three  days  before  publication;  and  the 
third  part  (''  Serious  Reflections,"  &c.)  also  on 
Aug.  3f  1720,  likewise  three  days  before  publica- 
tion. 

I  have  not  found  Defoe's  own  name  mentioned 
anywhere  in  tlie  books  of  the  Statiimers'  Company, 
and  shall  be  glad  to  learn  if  any  previous  search 
has  been  more  successful.  ARTHUR  Hall. 

25,  I'atenio^ter  liow. 

UrTON,  ^-Di:  Studio  Militari,"  etc.  :  Addi- 
tional Platks. — 1  am  in  possession  of  a  set  of 
proof  plates    belonging  to  this  work,  which   is 


believed  once  to  have  belonged  to  my  collateral 
ancestor  Sir  Thomas  Shirley  of  St  Botulph'd 
Bridge,  in  Huntingdonshire.  Besides  the  plates, 
which  are  in  all  the  copies  of  Upton,  there  are 
the  following  extra  plates  of  seals  of  arms :  — 

1.  A  small  seal,  with  this  inscription,  '^sigil- 
lum  Johannis  d'  Bosco.'* 

2.  A  seal  without  inscription  ;  three  coats  im- 
paled—(1)  Ross,  (2)  StafTord,  (3)  Mortimer; 
above  the  shield  an  anchor. 

3.  "  S.  won  de  Hoo."  Five  shields  of  arms 
in  a  circle. 

4.  "  Sigillum  Ilenrici  de  Perci,  comitis  North- 
umbr."  A  man  in  action  holding  the  arms  of 
Percy  and  a  banner. 

6.  Seal  of  Thomas  of  Woodstock,  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  with  two  shields  of  the  arms  of  Milo, 
Earl  of  Hereford.    The  stock  of  wood,  swans,  &c. 

0.  Seal  of  W^illiam  de  Mandeville,  Comes 
Esexiaj.  A  large  seal;  the  earl  on  horseback,  with 
arms. 

7.  Seal  of  Henry  de  T^acy,  Earl  of  Lincoln.  A 
large  seal,  also  his  secretum. 

8.  Seal|of  Elianor,  Duchess  of  Gloucester,  with 
the  coat  of  Bohun,  &c. 

0.  Seal  with  the  aims  of  John  Montagu,  Knt.| 
Lord  of  Werk. 
10.  Seals  of  John  de  Moun  (Mohun),  with  the 
arms  of  Mohun,  the  panels  and  engrailed  cross. 

•  Ev.  Ph.  Shiblet. 

Lower  Eatington  Park,  Stratford-upon-Avon. 

Marriage  in  a  Presbtterian  CnuRcn. — The 
following,  from  the  Glasgow  Evening  Citizen  of 
Nov.  4,  18  worthy  of  insertion  in  "  N.  &  Q."  as 
the  first  instance  we  have  noticed  of  the  celebra- 
tion of  marriage  in  a  parish  or  other  Presbyterian 
church  in  Scotland :  — 

•*  Marriage  in  Church. — A  marriage  was  celebrated  in 
Roseneath  parish  church  on  Tuesday  (Nov.  2),  and  al- 
though the  day  was  stormy,  the  ceremony  attracted 
numerous  spectators.  The  service  was  performed  by  the 
Rev.  R.  H.  Storey  (of  Roseneath)  and  the  Rev.  J.C.  Lees 
of  the  Abbey,  Paisley,  who  stood  at  the  Communion  tabic 
[which  was  covered  with  a  beautifuUv'  embroidered 
cloth],  and  used  the  form  of  ser\'ice  which,  modelled  on 
that  of  John  Knox,  is  to  be  found  in  the  Church  Service 
Society's  volume,  Euchologian,  At  the  conclusion  of  the 
prayers,  the  choir  chanted  the  128th  Psalm.*' 

This  is  certainly  a  st«p  in  the  right  direction ; 
and  although  new  to  the  present  generation  of 
Scotch  Presbyterians,  cannot  be  termed  an  inno- 
vation, as  the  Book  of  Common  Order  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  16G4,  contains  a  "Form  of 
Marriage ''  to  be  used  in  church.  G.  R. 


Armorial. — I  am  desirous  of  knowing  what 
family  bears  the  following  crest  and  arms;  thej 
are  on  an  old  seal  in  my  posseesion,  whicli  being 


478 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4tii  £U  IV.  Dec.  4,^ML 


much  worn  I  am  unable  to  give  the  blazoning 
more  minutely.  Crest:  A  demi-lion  rampant  .  . 
holding  in  dexter  paw  a  crescent.  Arms:  (lules, 
a  lion  rampant  regardant  in  base  .  .  ,  on  a  chief 
.  .  tliree  crescents.  C.  Sotiikran. 

AxTBLL  OP  Berkhampstead.  —  Can  any  of 
your  correspondents  supply  me  witli  the  name 
and  parentage  of  the  wite  of  William  Axtell  of 
Berlin  am  pjjtead,  Herts,  and  also  his  parentage? 
Ilis  daughter  Anne  married  Thomas  Taylor,  Esq. ; 
and  their  son,  Sir  Thomaii  Taylor,  Bart.,  bora  in 
1002,  was  ancestor  of  the  Marquis  of  Head  fort. 
In  Chixuucy^s  Antiquities  of  Herts,  A. D.  1700,  at 
p.  Coo,  "Johan  Axtyl^is  mentioned  as  having 
signed  the  declaration  of  the  king's  supremacy 
in  20  Hem-y  VIII.  At  p.  582,  William  Axtel  is 
mentioned  as  a  chief  burgess  of  Berkhampstead 
in  1028 ;  and  William  Axtel,  Gent,,  as  common 
clerk  in  1039.  He  was  probably  the  father  of 
Mrs.  Taylor.  At  p.  581)  it  is  stated  that  Henry 
Axtel,  a  rich  man,  starved  himself,  and  was  buried 
in  St.  Mary's,  Berkhampstead,  April  22, 1025. 

Y.  S.  M. 

Baker  Famllt. — I  shall  feel  obliged  to  nny  of 
your  readers  who  can  inform  me  who  Thomas 
Baker  of  Sissinghurst,  co.  Kent,  mnrried ;  also, 
who  his  son  Kichard  Baker,  living  temp.  Henry 
VII.  married.  He  was  father  of  Sir  John  Baker, 
Knt.,  of  Sissinjchurst,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
to  Henry  VIH.,  Queen  Mary,  and  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, and  a  Privy  Councillor. 

Maurice  Denny  Day. 

^lanchestcr. 

Bell  Emblems  and  Inscriptions.  —  Can  any 
of  the  readers  of  "N.  &  Q."  inform  me  what 
became  of  Mr.  J.  Mears'  collection  of  bell  em- 
blems, exhibited  in  1863  before  the  Ecclesio- 
logical  Society  ?  W.  Marsh. 

Comicalities.— About  the  year  1835  appeared 
seven,  if  not  more,  sheets  entitled  The  Gallery  of 
Comicalities  J  price  threepence  each ;  part  vii.  has 
upon  it  '*  embracing  all  the  humorous  sketches 
which  have  appeared  in  that  popular  sporting 
paper,  BeWs  Life  in  London,  during  the  last  year. 
Printed  and  published  by  William  Clement,  jun., 
170,  Strand,  of  whom  may  be  had  parts  i.  to  vi., 
of  which  two  million  copies  have  been  sold.'* 
My  copy  has  been  cut  up  for  a  scrapbook,  but 
while  taking  them  off  the  old  paper  to  place  them 
in  a  new  book,  I  find  the  above  information  ,•  and 
on  the  fourth  sheet,  that  six  hundred  thousand 
copies  were  sold  of  the  first  three.  It  also  notices 
the  names  of  '^  Seymour,  Chatfield,  Alkcn,  and 
others  j"  and  *•  characteristic  portraits  *'  by  "Cork- 
screw (he  is  his  own  godfather),*'  and  "  deserves 
the  title  of  Lavater  the  Second."'  Who  may  this 
draughtsman  be  ? 

I  have  many  woodcuts  of  each  of  the  sheets, 
and  should  be  glad  to  know  by  whom  the  earlier 


sketches  were  drawn.  The  later  ones  irere  rap- 
plied  by  Kenny  Meadows  and  by  John  LaA 
(some  four  are  signed)  especially  inpartyiL  Jf 
any  collector  has  the  sheets  in  a  perrect  state,  be 
may  probably  be  enabled  to  supply  a  short  rSnmi 
of  each,  which  will  no  doubt  form  an  interestiDg 
addition  to  the  history  of  this  art  of  illaatration. 
Some  early  ones  were  drawn  by  Bobert  Gruik- 
shank.  About  the  same  period  was  issued  *  sheet 
or  two  of  '^  Comicalities,"  being  the  woodcnti 
printed  in  Hood's  Comic  Annual  or  some  work  of 
that  sort.  Those  I  have  also  got,  but  the  cats 
being  separated,  all  clue  is  lost  to  their  histoiy. 

W.  P. 

Alexander  Da  vies  op  Ebubt.  —  What  is 
known  of  this  gentleman,  whose  heiress  married 
Sir  Thomas  Grosvenor,  and  brought  with  her  the 
London  property  by  which  the  liouse  of  Wcst^ 
minster  ha?  gained  much  of  its  present  import- 
ance ?  C.  J.  R. 

Descriptions  wanted.  —  Can  anyone  kindly 
point  out  to  me  a  detailed  description  of  the  per- 
sonal appearance  of  Louise  of  Orleans,  Due  new 
de  ]3erri,  ^vife  of  the  grandson  of  Louis  XIV^  or 
of  the  celebrated  divine,  Dr.  SacheverellP 

HERMBHZBTni& 

Dosus  Maguir  Hex  Fermanne  me  it:  n; 
(fieri  fecit)  mccccoxxix.  —  The  abiove  is  the 
inscription  on  an  old  chalice  at  Femyhal^ 
Chapel  in  Lancashire.  I  should  like  to  hnmr 
who  Dosus  Maguir  was,  and  any  parttculars  coo- 
cerning  him?  Some  of  your  readers  who  an 
acquainted  with  the  curious  and  intercatinff  legend 
of  r  ernyhalgh  may  perhaps  be  able  to  intorm  ma 
if  this  Me.v  Fermanne  named  in  the  inscription  OB 
the  chalice  can  be  identified  with  the  founder  of 
the  chantry  at  Lady  Well.  J.  G.  Jv« 

Robert  Dunkin  of  St.  Dennis,  in  ComwalL 
wns  ejected  during  the  interregnum,  but  retuned 
to  his  living  on  the  restoration  of  Charles  II.|  whan 
he  is  said  to  have  entered  into  a  religious  contio- 
versy  with  John  Milton.  No  Life  of  the  poet  I 
have  consulted  makes  any  mention  of  this.  What 
authority  is  there  for  the  statement  which  is  ta 
be  found  in  Davies  Gilbert's  Parochial  Hidory  vf 
Cornwall.^  Geo.  G.  BoiJB. 

Eraser  Eiver. — Could  any  of  vour  leadasa 
kindly  inform  me  what  is  the  height  aboTellie 
sea  of  the  famous  terraces  of  the  rniser  river hk 
British  Columbia :  By  so  doing  they  would  Teiy 
much  oblige  F.  W.  BvzxaiL 

Gesenius  at  Oxford.  —  Would  any  of  the 
readers  of  *^  N.  Sc  Q.''  throw  some  light  on  the 
subject  of  the  following  somewhat  curious 

[*  The  same  statement  is  made  ia  Walker's 
of  the  Clergy,  Part  ii.  p.  229.— En.] 


4«k  S.  IV.  Due.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE& 


479 


dote,  which  I  extract  from  the  London  Magazine 

for  March  1821,  vol.  iii.  p.  303  ?  — 

"  Professor  Gesenius  of  the  University  of  Halle,  one  of 
the  most  distinguished  Orientalists  now  living,  lateljr 
visited  this  country  for  the  purpose  of  copying  for  pal>- 
lication  an  apocryphal  Hebrew  writer,  of  which  a  perfect 
MS.  exists  onl^'  at  Oxford.  ■  It  fio  happens  that  the  apo- 
cr)'phal  work  in  question  appears  to  have  been  thought 
genuine  by  the  Apostle  Paul.  The  purpose  of  the  pro- 
fessor having  come  to  the  ears  of  a  certain  society,  he  was 
solicited  by  them  to  renounce  it,  as  it  might  tend  to 
annettle  the  belief  of  the  multitude.  He  replied,  that  he  had 
made  truth  his  object  through  life,  and  hop^  he  should 
continue  to  do  so  to  the  last.  Money  was  then  offered  to 
him.  *  Gentlemen,'  said  the  professor,  *you  have  mis- 
taken your  man — if  money  had  been  my  object,  I  should 
not  have  given  myself  all  this  trouble  to  publish  a  work 
by  which  I  know,  from  the  limited  sale  it  will  have,  that 
I  must  be  a  loser.'  And  he  indignantly  quitted  an  assem- 
blv  so  little  scrupulous  of  its  morality,  and  capable  of 
offering  such  an  insult  to  a  man  of  character." 

Is  this  anecdote  founded  on  fact?  What 
"  society "  is  here  meant  as  undertaking  to  dis- 
suade Gesenius  from  pursuing  his  investigations, 
and  then  attempting  to  bribe  him  ? 

From  a  notice  of  his  life  in  the  Conversatums 
Lexicon^  it  appears  that  Gesenius  visited  Oxford 
in  1820,  with  a  view  of  gathering  additional 
materials  for  his  lexicographical  works,  and  it  is 
pretty  broadly  hinted  that  his  researches  were 
discouraged  and  obstructed  by  the  "Orthodox 
party,"  and  that  he  did  not  meet  with  that  cour- 
tesy which  his  distinguished  reputation  might 
have  been  expected  to  secure  for  him  at  Oxford. 

B.  TOLUIE. 

Greek  Painting. — An  early  Greek  painting  of 
St.  Mark,  St.  Mary,  &c.,  has  an  inscription  in 
capital  letters  describing  it  as  the  work  of — 

ANA2TA2I0T  AOTAOT  TOT  eEOT. 

Is  anything  known  of  this  Anastasius  ? 

J«  U*  J* 

Greek  Ring  Inscription. — I  have  in  my  pos- 
session an  antique  Greek  ring.  It  is  of  gold|  and 
contains  a  Hat  pale-blue  stone,  looking  more  like 
a  washed-out  amethyst  than  anything  else.  The 
inscription,  which  puzzles  me,  is  the  word  which 
is  engraved  in  the  centre  of  the  stone,  viz.  *Hi^s. 
This  I  have  in  vain  tried  to  decipher,  so  now  pro- 
ceed to  lay  it  before  those  who  are  more  profound 
Greek  scholars  than  myself.  B.  0.  H, 

Henry  VL  Badges. — "What  were  the  royal 
badges  of  Henry  VI.  ?  I  have  seen  an  old  paint- 
ing described  as  the  arms  of  Henry  VI.  and  his 
badges.  The  outer  margin  is  decorated  with  the 
well-known  devices  of  the  antelope  and  swan  fre- 
quently repeated,  and  besides  these,  with  a  white 
sail  on  golden  yards,  superscribed  with  a  motto  I 
cannot  read.  It  looks  like  ''  En  Dieu Je  suia."  The 
inner  margin  contains  the  anns  of  I^niooe  and 
England  repeated.  The  centre  contains  the  lojal 
shield  surrounded  by  the  following  badges: — A 


shield  ''  or  with  an  eagle  galea  " ;  a  golden  pea^ 
cock;  four  red  roses;  two  beacona  hred:  two 
plants  with  golden  fruit  or  flowers,  poasibiy  broom 
pods ;  a  crescent  and  star ;  rays  ahooting  upwarda  \ 
a  bird's  talon  or  claw ;  a  red  and  white  rose  wiUi 
ermine  spots  on  the  leaves;  an  ostrich  feathec 
with  the  motto  ''  Ich  dien." 

HSNBT  F.  POHBOVBT* 

KjcATDfe's  ''HisTOBT  oj  Ibblaitd." — Would 
some  reader  of  ''N.&Q.,"  who  is  an  Irish  acholif 
and  has  access  to  Keating's  History  of  Ireland  Qa 
Irish),  give  me  the  list  of  the  names  of  settlers  in 
Ireland  in  the  reiffn  of  Henry  11.  as  it  appeals  in 
that  work  P  O*0onn<Ir  and  Mahonj,  m  4helr 
translations  of  Keating,  have  giyen  lists  of  thoae 
names,  but  as  they  vary  I  shonid  very  much  irlak 
to  have  the  list  aa  it  is  found  in  the  original. 

OtwiJU). 

LovDOBT  ToKKRS  ov  SMYVSTEXSTa  CximmT^ 
I  have  a  farthing  token,  reading — Oby.  yuu 

CHANDLER.  11^=0.  B.  H.  ;  reV.  S.  M.  a  L.  A.  T.  0.  a. 

=  a  bull's  head.  Can  any  of  ^our  readers  vertedt 
in  old  London  topography  assist  me  to  ascertain 
the  locality  intended  by  these  initials  P 

J.  S,  S. 

Mallia  Gadbkbne. — ^I  should  be  much  obliged 
by  a  translation  of  these  two  words,  which  appear 
on  one  of  the  Oxford  tcdcens  of  the  serenteenth 
century  P  J.  S.  S» 

Kajcbs  or  Scottish  Mabttbs.  —  In  the  earlr 
da^s  of  the  Scottish  Reformation,  two  women,  X 
thrak  aunt  and  niece,  were  mar^rred  by  \)mg 
tied  to  stakes  on  the  seiHdiore  imder  high  water 
mark ;  the  niece  being  fastened  nearer  shore  than 
the  annt,  in  hopes  that  the  right  of  the  latteA 
death  might  shaj[e  her  constancy.  Will  some  of 
your  correspondents  learned  in  Scottish  ecdesi- 
astical  history  be  so  good  as  to  sapply  their 
names  P  Hbbxjuttbujml 

Thbophiltjs  Botakista. — 

**  Rural  Beauties;  or  The  Natural  History  of  the  I'onrlbl- 
lowlDg  Western  Counties— Cornwall,  Devonshire,  Dofset- 
•Ure,  SomeiMtdiire,  byTfaeophlliiBBoCanlate,  If  JO.tWlA 
AdditioiMl  Benarks.  Londoii:  printed  and  sold  by  W« 
Fenner»  1767,  ISmo." 

Is  there  anything  known  about  the  real  aathoc 
of  this  book  P  a.  O.BoASi, 

Nicholas  Udall  (4**»  S.  iv.  S91.) —Seeing  in 
''N.  A  Q."  certain  notes  about  Nicholas  VdaU 
reminds  me  of  a  book  I  purchased  at  a  stall  in 
Bloomsbory  a  few  days  ago ;  it  is  called  TAs  JEsy 
to  the  Hofy  Tongue^  by  John  Udall,  im|»inted  st 
Leyden,  1€88;  corresponding  exactly  with  the 
description  giyen  of  tnis  book  in  a  letter  to  tfca 
Qmamnm'9  Mt^axme,  IzxiL  408.  Hnto]mis.i& 
bis  Big^  of  Dond  (1808),  ii.  604,  saya  that 
this  editioii  of  Udall's^  MOrew  Qrmmmat  is  T«fy 
seaioe,  and  ooosidara  him  to  be  tha  sama  bimi  m 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»aiT.  ] 


John  UTedalo.slumedschol&i'iiiJAinesI.'stiine, 
son  of  Sir  William  Uvednio,  Knt.,  ot  Dorset.  Can 
anjof  jourcorrespondeats  lull  me  nhether  I  have 
obtained  a  rare  book  or  not  ?  *  Also,  what  rela- 
tion waa  this  Jobn  Uilall  to  Nicbolaa  Udall  the 
author  of  Maljih  Raider  Doiittr  t 


10,  Park  Stnet,  G 

ViCK  Family. 
accessible  pedigrees  of  the  Vi 
of  York  ? 


J.  S.  Udal 

e  tell  me  of  anj 

:b  of  Steersbv,  co. 
J.T. 

WiLSos.— In  Hunter's  llittory  of  ShegirU,  at 
p.  37^,18  riven  a  pedigree  of  the  family  of  Wilwn 
of  Broom  head,  rrom  an  extract  in  mj  potacs- 
uon,  I  find  tbat  Handle  Holme  (deputy  K^fter), 
married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  George  fl'iUoa  of 
Chester,  Ocnt.  Her  elder  brother  Charles  irsa 
bom  Jul^  20, 1647,  and  living  unmarried  in  1670. 
fV!.!!..  A,A  \.^  A\^  ^„A  w  i.~  n>.™  married,  and  if 
Y.  S.  M. 


"When  did  he  die,  and 

BO  did  he  leare  issue  F 

Wtmitb, — Dr.  Job  n 

aad  Wells  1715-1740. 


Wyi 


Who  1 


IS  Bishop  of  Bath 
>S  bis  wife  P 

Y.  S.  M. 


t&yxtxiti  Initt  'Snxtturci. 

Zaicahiel,— It  is  remai-ltable  that  the  letter  of 
a  child  about  five  or  six  yearn  old  should  have 
preseiTed  the  name  of  an  author  otbemise  un- 
known. Jn  the  Life  of  Charlotte  de  la  Trimoitle, 
Couniea  of  Derby,  lately  published  (Lond.  1809, 
p.  II),  is  a  letter  from  Der  to  her  mother,  in 
which  she  eajs ;  "  I  know  seventeen  psalms,  all 
the  quatrains  of  Hbrac,  all  the  huitains  of 
Zamuiel,"  &c.  Upon  which  the  authoress  of  the 
Xi/e,  Madame  Guizot  de  Witt,  observes  (p.  13)  :- 

■■  llMt  ProtntanE  ramillra  bave  kept  up  (lie   pioi 
habit  of  learning  ths  Pulms  bv  beart :  lomc  people  y 
remembcr  tlie  qualraiiin  or  Pilirar,  but  who  lins  ev< 
btard  of  the  huilains  of  Zsmuricl  ?     Tlie  ni«n<iare  of  the 
TcrM  snd  the  name  of  (he  poet  have   alike  vui 
from  the  memory-  of  men." 

In  Brunei's  Manuel  dii  Libraire  (iv.  027)  will 
be  found  a  list  of  editions  of  Tibrac,  a  manuscript 
of  which  this  year  sold  in  I'aris  for  1000  francs 
{BibUophile  Francait,  iii.  02,  No.  548),  at  the  sale 
of  the  library  of  M.  le  Baron  J.  V.  Can  any  ono 
give  information  abuut  Zameriel  P 

W.  E.  BUCKLBY. 
["Znmaricl  "  was  a  mm  rfe/Vumf  of  Antoine  dc  la  Roche 
Chandien,  one  of  the  moat  di^tinjpiiaiicd  Huguenots  and 
TOluminous  writers  in  the  lixlernth  eentury.  Tb* 
"huitains  of  Zamariel,"  to  wliicii  lladame  Gulzot  it 
Wi(t  refers,  are  belter  known  by  the  title  the  author 
himself  bestowed  upon  them,  namely,  Orl.nini'm  lur 
la  Vaaile  du  Mondt,  and  have  been  ledeemed  from 
oblivion  by  Dn  VerJier.     The  Utrfn.  Ilaag,  in  their 


La  Fraiat  ProtaimU  (i.  v.  •■  Cbandien,  AotolM  dC* 
lom.  iii.  p.  332),  have  ■etcctod  one  from  them  ts  a  WptA- 
men  of  hia  poetical  taleDt.] 

Bishop  Ricbaed  Willis.  —  Richard  Willi^ 
who  died  Bishop  of  Winchester  in  1734,  wis  loo 
of  «  capper  in  Bewdley — once  the  staple  tnuls,  bat 
QOw  extinct  in  that  ancient  borough.  A  diort 
account  of  him  appears  in  Chambers'  Biogngiiieat 
lUudrafiotti  of  Tl  orceiterihire,  which  ststea  tnat  Ul 
descendants  at  tbe  time  of  tlut  publical4<m  (ISSO) 
beld  the  manor  of  Maiden,  imdar  a  leaM  fron 
Merlon  College  granted  to  him.  As  this  Udiop 
was  perhaps  the  most  eminent  native  of  « town 
with  which  I  have  been  long  connected,  I  wUi 
to  know  where  I  can  find  an  account  of  hi*  Utt, 
and  whether  his  descendants  still  exist  in  nj 
part  of  the  kingdom.    TnoXAS  E.  WiHimraTOM. 

[An  eTcellent  memoir  of  Biihop  Richard  WiUii  la 
given  in  Cavan's  BM-pt  of  H'»rAcrier,  part  Iii.  llS-Ittt 
as  nil  as  in  his  SiJiopi  nf  Sktrbornt  ami  SalMmr, 
pp.  W2-209.  Bishop  Willia'i  wife,  lubelU,  was  borUd 
in  the  north  vauU  of  ClieLiea  church.^S'ov.  ITSi,  bnt  ka 
was  interred  in  Winrbeater  cathedi^I.  TbU  pr«U^ 
when  on  thu  (brone  of  Gloncaiter,  and  then  laboodSK 
under  a  lit  of  (he  gout,  wia  waited  on  ' 
bis  diueese,  who  having  remarked  that  ths  gout  n 
and  kept  off  all  atber  tnolaJieis  proceeded  ta 
his  lordship  on  hsvinf;  taken  a  new  Uait  of  bit  1Mb  Ob 
which  tbe  biabop  rep1ie<l  to  bia  flatlercr— "  Han  I  takn 
of  my  life  ?   Then  I  can  sauia  Ton  It  li  k 


■"] 


Gold  Medal,  100*2. — Can  any  of  yonr  nate* 
explain  the  legend  od  a  gold  piece  of  Qoeea  Sia^ 
beth  of  tho  date  1602,  and  its  diameter  H  iaAf 

Obp.  Bust  with  ruff  and  richly  omauuoted 
dress ;  sceptre  fleurj  in  right  hand,  globe  in  Vtt^ 
inscribed  — 


Sei'.  Draped  female  figure  standing  irith  rfgbl 
foot  on  a  drajfon  and  the  left  on  a  snail,  crown 
over,  supported  by  two  hands  emanatiag  bon 
two  full  faces  representing  sun  and  moon,  in- 
scribed— 


Portimoutb. 

[The  inscription  on  tbi»  gold  medal  is  taken  ftvM 
Psalm  KC,  T;  "  Cadenc  a  latere  tuo  mille,  et  deren  nUU 
adextrisluii."  (,ralgale.)  There  is  ■  Dotice  of  It  In  thS 
HMuauttic  Chnnirlt.  New  Series,  Iii.  7!.  Ho  •ZNafll 
is  to  be  found  in  the  Uiitish  Museum.] 

God's  Sbrjbaxt  Drath. — 

"  It  ma)-  be  God's  Seijpuit  (Death)  in  thdr  appnlMi- 
aionn.  hath  arrested  them,  readv  to  canrtbem  bMM  Ik* 
dreadftill  Trlbunall  of  a  jntt  and  l«rrlbl*  null"    T*« 


4»  8.  IV.  Dec.  4,  •69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUESIEa 


481 


Brinsley,  2nd  treatise  On  MyHical  Impkmiatwn^or  Gre^' 
ing  the  Son  of  God  in  Man,  or  rather  Man  in  GocL  p.  97. 
1652. 

This  bold  figure  of  speech  seems  not  new  to  me. 
Does  it  occur  in  any  of  our  older  poets  or  drama- 
tists? J.  A.G. 

[This  figure  of  speech  may  be  found  ia  the  dying  words 
of  Hamlet  (Act  V.  Sc.  2)  :  — 

**  You  that  look  pale  and  tremble  at' this  chance. 
That  are  but  mutes  or  audience  to  tliis  act. 
Had  I  but  time  (as  ihiafeli  iergeantt  Death 
Is  strict  in  his  arrest),  O,  I  could  tell  you." 

Again,  in  Shakspeare*8  74th  Sonnet : 

"  When  thaiftaarreit, 
Without  all  hail,  shall  carry  me  away," 

So,  in  Silvester's  Duhartas : 

**  And  Death,  aerjeant  of  the  eternal  Judge, 
Comes  very  late  to  his  sole  seated  lodge."] 

SrccARDiAN  Laws. — In  The  Times  of  Nov.  18, 
I860,  there  is  an  extract  from  the  Italian  paper 
The  Nasione,  in  which  mention  is  made  of  the 
Siocardian  laws.  Can  you  enlighten  me  as  to  the 
expression  Siocardian  f  A. 

[The  Siccardian,  or  more  properly  Sichardian  laws,  are 
the  same  as  the  Roman  constitutions,  t.  e.  the  decrees 
and  decisions  of  the  Roman  emperors,  and  forming  a  part 
of  what  appear  in  the  codes  of  Theodosius  and  Jnstinian 
as  imperial  edicts,  &c.  Several  collections  of  these  were 
made  from  age  to  age :  all  or  nearly  all  of  which,  how- 
ever, are  lost.  In  1528,  Joannes  Sichardns  recovered 
some  fragments  of  the  constitutions  from  the  time  of 
Septimius  Severus  to  Diocletian,  and  published  them  at 
Basle ;  and  to  these  the  correspondent  of  7%e  Timet  no 
doubt  refers.  Sichardus  has  subjoined  the  ancient  inter' 
pretatiOf  together  with  a  collection  of  the  NoveUa  ContH' 
tutiones  of  Theodosius,  Valentinian,  and  other  emperors. 
His  edition  is  without  annotations ;  but  in  the  margin  he 
has  inserted  various  readings.] 


CALEDONIAN  FORESTS. 
(4»»»  S.  iv.  335.) 

Pliny  (Hist,  Nat.,  lib.  iv.  c.  80)  observes: 
''  triginta  prop^  jam  annis  notitiam  eius  Romania 
armis  uon  ultra  vicinitatem  silvn  Caledonin  pro- 
pagantibus.''  It  may,  therefore,  be  taken  as  a 
fact  that,  in  the  time  of  Pliny,  there  did  exist  in 
the  island  of  Britain  what  he  terms  "  silvsd  Cale- 
donitc/'  thus  indicating  wooded  districts  in  Cale- 
donia :  so  that  the  only  point  for  consideraticm  is 
the  locality. 

We  find  in  Christopher  Irvine's  SistorieB  Sco* 
ticee  Nomenclaiura  Latin<HVernactUa  (Edin.  1682) 
thei-e :  — 

**  Caledonia,  It  properly  signified  that  coontrej  tlMt 
lay  alongst  the  face  of  the  Uills,  from  Aberdene  unto 
Cumberland. 


«  CbbdimtM  SjfhHif  was  a  great  Wood  that  nm  alongsfc 
the  faces  ct  those  Hills  of  Caledonia,  It  divided  the 
Scots  and  Fieks:  and  being  well  ftunlshod  witb  Wild 
Game,  especially  with  fierce  white  Bnlls  and  Kinc^  it  was 
the  place  of  both  their  hanting%  and  of  tlMir  gieaiist 
Controversies.*' 

Valerius  Flaocus  terma  the  sea  between  Gknd 
and  Britain  the  Caledonian  Ocean;  and  Auaonias 
designates  it  as  the  Caledonian  Sea— that  it  to 
say,  the  highway  to  Caledonia,  for  it  has  never 
b^n  asserted  that  the  aouthem  portion  of  Britain 
bore  that  name. 

The  existence  of  foresta  in  North  Britdn  at  a 
very  remote  neriod  of  history  ia  beyond  doubt 
In  one  part  ot  the  country  a  Caledonian  wood  of 
very  considerable  extent  existed  in  the  time  of 
William  the  Lyon.  The  evidence  of  this  fact  is 
clear  and  distinct,  having  been  proved  teripto,  m 
we  shall  immediately  show. 

The  learned  John  Selden,  who^  from  his  great 
legal  acquirements  and  research,  was  at  one  time 
on  the  point  of  being  created  Lord  Chancellor  of 
England  in  the  reign  of  Charles  L,  was  the  author 
of  a  work  well  known  to  historical  and  Iml 
students  as  Selden's  TiUei  of  Htmmtr.  In  3ie 
second  edition  of  this  valuable  treatise^  the 
writer  mentions  that  he  had  in  his  hand  whilst 
writinff  a  fur  charter  or  parchment^  executed 
in  1I7I,  in  favour  of  Biorgnnd,  tiie  son  of  Gilp 
locher,  Earl  of  Mar,  in  which  the  eoxidoms  of 
Mar  and  of  Moray  were  granted  to  Morgund  and 
his  heirs.  This  deed  was  executed  at  Bono- 
muthe  in  the  Merse,  t.  a.  Berwickshire.  It  may  bo 
asked,  How  had  Selden  access  to  a  charter  rela* 
tive  to  a  Scotch  earldom  P  But  the  answer  ia 
plain: — Ho  was  Keeper  of  the  Beoords;  and  wo. 
know,  from  Rymer*s  Foedara  and  from  Palgrave/* 
that  a  great  mass  of  documents  connected  wlui 
the  competition  between  Bruce  and  Baliol  were 
taken  to  London,  and  are  still,  in  so  far  as  they 
have  not  been  dilapidated  by  time,  preserved 
among  the  records  in  the  Tower.  Amongst  these, 
is  one  particularly  interesting  to  the  Scotch  antt* 
quary  as  regarding  the  old  territorial  earldoms: 
and  in  a  memorandum  relative  to  Donaldi  Eni 
of  Mar,  express  leferenoe  is  made  to  the  caaztsv 
granted  by  King  William  to  Eari  Moigund,  which 
appears  to  have  then  been  in  the  Esxl*s  possesdwt 

It  is  an  historical  fact  that  William  and  hia 
brotiier,  who  had  gone  to  England  to  be  present 
at  the  ii^judicious  coronation  of  the  heir-aoparent 
of  Hmnr  n.,  entered  into  an  agreement  witn  that 
ungrateiul  youth  to  asdst  mm  in  a  rebelUon 
i^idnst  his  father  on  oonditicn  of  a  cession  beinff 
made  to  William  of  the  counties  of  Cumberianl 
and  Northumberland.  Upon  William's  retnnif 
he  todrmeasures  to  promote  the  expected  liiiffft 
but  was  delayed  in  his  arrangementa  by  therevoK 

•  rmiiisiiiifa  ifif*  TT ^  fWatfw  St  fft«  Jfirtwy  ff 

SmUmni^  njal  ^to^  1887,  p.  SI, 


482 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


|;4'^S.1V.  I>nL4»'«l. 


in  the  North  of  Scotland  of  the  men  of  Moray-  I 
shire.   This  was  ultimately  put  down ',  and  it  was 
then,  or  about  that  time,  that  Morgimd  proceeded 
to  the  Lowlands  for  his  investiture.     He  found 
that  William  had  gone  towards  the  Borders^  and 
was  then  in  Berwickshire,  whither  he  followed  | 
him,  and  found  him  with  his  army,  attended  by  : 
his  counsellors,  in  what  was  termed  his  '*Xew  " 
Forest."    The  words  of  the  charter  are  as  fol- 
lows :  —  j 

"  Sciatis  prescntes  et  futuri  Morgundum  filium  Gil-  ■ 
locheri  quondam  Comitis  dc  Marre,  in  mt-a  prciiientia  ' 
veni;sae  apu<l  Hindliop  Burncmuthe,  in  mca  nova  foresta,  ' 
decimo  Kalendarum  Junii,  anno  gratiic  mclxxi.,  pctendo  ; 
jua  suum  de  toto  comitatu  de  Marre,  corum  communi  ' 
consilio  et  excrcitu  regni  Scotiie  ibidem  congregato." 

This  forest  unquestionably  covered  a  very  great 
portion  of  Berwickshire,  and  it  is  understood  ves- 
tiges of  it  may  vet  be  traced.  It  extended  to  the 
walls  of  Berwick-on-Tweed,  then  in  possession  of 
the  Scotish  monarch.  Burnmouth,  which  is  still 
known  by  that  name,  is  about  six  miles  north- 
ward from  that  town. 

In  the  year  1173  William,  having  been  cer- 
tiorated that  the  younger  Jlenry  had  risen  in 
rebellion  against  his  father,  redeemed  his  pledge, 
and,  crossing  the  Tweed,  after  the  usual  fashion 
of  the  times,  devastated  the  counties  of  which  he 
had  been  promised  possession ;  but  a  stop  was 
very  speedily  put  to  his  progress,  as  he  was  diiven 
back  to  Berwick,  which  was  besieged  by  the 
English,  and,  as  a  proper  punishment  for  his 
double-dealing,  had  his  town  of  Berwick  taken 
from  him  and  burnt.  When  reconstructed,  it 
may  reasonably  be  supposed  that  the  New  Forest 
supplied  the  timber. 

^o  doubt  this  only  proves  the  existence  of  a 
forest  in  this  part  of  Caledonia  in  1171,  but  it  i 
leads  to  the  inierence  that  there  must  have  been 
an  older  forest  than  this  Xcw  Forest.  Indeed  we 
may  assume  this  when  we  reflect  that  one  of  the 
principal  amusements  of  tlio  Kings  of  Scotland 
and  their  predecessors  in  that  district,  the  Kings 
of  Northumberland — when  not  enjragod  in  quar- 
relling with  their  neighbours — was  hunting  the 
wild  bears  and  wolves  with  which  the  country 
abounded,  and  whose  lairs  must  of  necessity  have 
been  amongst  woods.  Some  of  your  readers  may 
remember  that  Barclay,  in  one  of  his  rare  works,'* 
states  that  ao  late  as  15()-3  wolves  still  existed  in 
the  forests  of  Atliol ;  and  that  her  majesty  Queen 
Mary  was  present  at  a  grand  hunting-feast,  in 
which,  besides  an  immense  supply  of  deer  (3liO  in 
number),  five  wolves  were  killed.  In  the  same 
book  the  author  remarks  that  the  I^irl  of  Athol  I 
had  with  him  2300  mountain  Scots  — 

"  qaos  vo.s  Ific  Scoton  syhestres  appellati^  quibus  nefjo- 
tium  dedit  ut  cervos  confycrent  ex  sylvis  et  uiontibus  i 
Atholiic,  Badenoohi,   Mariip,    Moravian,  aliisquc  vicinis 

regionibua." 

. I 

•  Barclaitis  contrti  Monarchomacho;  Paris,  160<),  4to.     | 


From  the  remains  of  the  trunks  of  trees  vliick 
have  been  found  in  the  bogs  and  morasses  in  tlie 
Orkneys  and  Hebrides,  it  is  apparent  that  at  one 
period*  (perhaps  when  Pliny  lived)  there  were 
torests  in  those  places. 

In  the  interior  parts  of  Scotland  there  is  also 
evidence  of  forests.  As  an  instance:*- In  the 
county  of  Ivincardine,  the  Commontj  of  Cowie 
was  usually  designated  the  '^Foreti  of  Cowie," 
indicating  that  there  had  been  a  forest  there.  Li 
Decembctr  1831,  while  digging  peats  and  dearinff 
away  the  moss  of  Kincardine,  there  were  found 
the  remains  of  some  of  the  Celtic  inhabitants  of 
ancient  Caledonia.  There  was  discovered  at  tlie 
bottom  of  the  mos3,  about  ten  feet  below  its  surfaoef 
a  number  of  oaken  faggots  charred  at  the  ends  and 
arranged  in  a  circle,  in  the  centre  of  which  there 
had  been  a  fire,  for  what  purpose  is  nncertun. 
The  faggots  had  been  cleft,  and  there  were  marks 
of  edged  tools  upou  them.  Xcar  this  place  was 
found  a  target,  which  consisted  of  a  drciuar  oaken 
board  covered  with  hide.  The  faggots  were  vesj 
hanl,  and  had  assumed  the  appearance  of  ebony. 
These  facts  demonstrate  that,  at  a  time  not  later 
than  that  of  Severus,  there  must  have  been  wood 
used  for  all  purposes  growing  in  that  district,  and 
probably  in  the  very  vicinity  of  the  spot  where 
these  relics  were  found. 

After  much  consideration,  we  are  inclined  to 
dissent  from  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Cosmo  Innes,  that 
there  was  no  wood  at  all  in  Scotland,  and  to 
hold  that  the  "Sylvas  Caledoniae''  was  prettjr 
much  as  described  by  Christopher  Irvine  in  his 
useful  little  b«x)k. 

As  to  tlio  assertion  of  some  writers,  who  have 
placed  the  Caledonia  forest  at  one  time  in  Kent 
and  at  another  time  throughout  Lincolnshire,  it 
carries  absurdity  on  the  face  of  it 

W.  n.  Jjoqss. 

Bcrwiok-on-Tvrecd. 


So  far  as  the  slight  notices  to  be  gathered  from 
Roman  writers  give  information  respecting*  the 
state  of  Caledonia,  I  think  they  tend  to  confirm 
the  general  opinion  that  has  been  formed  respect- 
ing it,  that  it  was  covered  to  a  great  extent  with 
wood.  ( )f  coui*3e  I  do  not  enter  into  the  question 
OS  to  the  limits  of  ancient  Caledonia,  which  poa* 
sibly  never  had  di.'^tinct  boundaries,  but  I  assume 
that  it  was  coextensive  with  what  was  latterly 
ivnown  as  the  Kingdom  of  Scotland.  Strabo,  whio 
nourished  at  the  beginning  of  the  Christian  en. 
is  the  lirst  who  shows  by  his  account  that  he  had 
a  tolerably  correct  knowledge  of  the  state  of  the 
island.     IIo  says  (iv.  c.  5,  ed.  Tauchn.):  ImlT 

most  of  the  island  is  level  and  wooded."  Audi 
again :  'n6\m  8*  ainuy  tltriv  ol  8pv/uo(— "  The  woods 
are  their  cities  " :  no  doubt  mere  stockade^  lib 
what  the  New  Zealanders  of  the  pxeMDt  ia^ 
have. 


4»»»s.  IV.  Dhc.4,ea.] 


NOTES  ANX>  QUEBIfiS. 


It  is,  however,  Pliny  (born  a.d.  23,  died  a.d.  79) 
who  first  introduces  us  to  the  Caledonian  woods 
in  the  following  passage  {N,  H,  iv.  30,  1,  ed.  Le- 
maire) : — 

**Triginta  prope  jam  annls  notitiam  ^us  Romanis 
arrois  uoa  ultra  vicinitatcm  silvie  Caledonue  propagan- 
tibus." 

It  may  indeed  be  a  question  whether  the  Roman 
armies  had  penetrated  so  far  north  when  Pliny 
wrote,  but  he  must  at  all  events  have  heard  of 
the  woods  of  Caledonia.  A  few  years  later  oc- 
curred the  campaigns  of*Agricola  (a.d.  78  to  A.D. 
84)  in  which  we  fiiid  Tacitus  repeatedly  referring 
to  the  difficulties  and  dangers  which  the  Roman 
troops  encountered.  Woods  and  marshes  (^*  silvas 
et  paludes'')  are  always  mentioned  as  tke  two 
chief  obstacles  that  impeded  their  progress.  It  is 
in  the  sixth  campaign  of  Agricola  (a.d.  83),  when 
he  had  fairly  got  into  Scotland  and  come  in  con- 
tact with  the  Caledonians,  that  we  hear  (c.  26) 
of  the  soldiers  boasting  of  the  ''  sylvamm  et  moa- 
tium  profunda"  which  they  had  snrmoiinted; 
and  when  the  Caledonians  made  a  night  attack  on 
his  camp — believed  to  have  been  at  Lochore, 
where  ditches  and  other  traces  of  a  Roman  camp 
are  still  to  be  seen — we  are  told  by  Tacitus  (a  26) 
^'  Nisi  paludes  et  sylvto  fugientes  teziasent,  de- 
bellatum  ilia  victoria  foref  Then  we  hav«  the 
great  battle  at  the  foot  of  the  Grampians  (a.d.  84), 
and  in  the  speech  put  by  Tacitus  into  the  month  of 
Galgacus,  he  says  (c.  31),  when  complaining  of 
the  treatment  which  his  countrymen  reoetved 
from  the  Romans, ''  Corpora  ipsa  ac  manns  sylvis 
ac  paludibus  emuniendis,  inter  verbera  ac  contu- 
meuas,  conterunt."  When  Areola  (c.  83)  ad- 
dresses his  soldiers,  he  warns  them  that  the  same 
woods  which  they  had  succeeded  in  passing  on 
their  way  to  the  North  would  prove  UiSi  to 
them  in  a  retreat  with  an  enemy  hanging  on  their 
rear :  ''  Nam  ut  superasse  tantum  itineris,  sylvas 
evasisse,  transisse  sestuaris,  pulchmm  ac  decorum 
in  frontem,  ita  fugientibus  periculosissima,  qiUB 
hodie  prosperrima  sunt.''  And  then  after  the 
Caledonians  were  defeated  we  are  told  (c  87)  tiwt 
Agricola  caused  the  horsemen  to  trayexse  the 
woods  where  they  were  less  dense, ''  aimol  zui- 
ores  sylvas  equitom  persultare  308811" 

It  18  thus,  I  think,  evident  that  Agricola  had 
impressed  the  mind  of  his  8on>in-law  Tacitus 
with  the  idea  that  the  difficulties  of  the  war  aroae 
principally  from  the  thickly  wooded  nature  of  the 
country,  and  the  numerous  marahea.  I  auppoae 
that  no  one  will  deny  that  in  early  times,  onbte 
drainage  was  understood,  Scotland  was  covered 
with  lochs  and  marshes.  If  this  is  gnmtad,  I  do 
not  see  why  there  should  be  any  doubt  as  to  woods 
being  also  predominant 

In  Florus  we  have  the  woods  twice  refemd 
to ;  once  (i.  17,  3)  where  he  calls  it  **  Oatidonias 
saltuB,"  and  compares  the  ''  Ciminius  saltus "  in 


Etrnria  to  it  as  being  equally  full  of  tenor  to  tr»- 
Tellers ;  and,  again  (ill  10^  18),  where  he  say% 
''  Calidonias  sequutus  in  rilvas,''  but  Floras  is  re* 
ferring  to  Cseiiar's  expedition  to  Britain,  and  is 
evidently  mistaken  in  supposing  that  he  ever 
reached  the  northern  part  of  the  island.    At  all 
events  it  is  a  proof  that  Floras  was  acquau^^ 
with  the  woods  of  Caledonia.     Then  Ptolemy 
speaks  of  KaKyfi6vios  Ifwixos,  and  coming  down  to  the 
time  of  the  Emperor  Severus,  A.D.  211,  we  have  the 
same  reference  to  its  woods  in  Hexodian  (iii  46) 
when  he  tolls  us  that  the  defeated  barbarians 
escaped  to  the  woods— Aa\&  r^t  pAw  ptfila  Iji^  ^  ^vyii 
accU  9t^Atf$mtf09f  Hif  rt  BpviuSs  «al  iktn;  and  at  the 
same  period  we  find  Dion  Oassius  thus  speaking 
of  Severus:    iir4$uktp  4b  n/y  KoX^Sorlov  *  vol^illbr 
aMfif,  iifMiiTa  rpdyfuvra  fox*,  rdi  rt  flXof  r4fumi^  aid 
rU  fUT4mpti  wramdmnMf^  rk  tcIaji  -xftmrhm  —  ^  fib 

made  an  expedition  into  Oaledonia.  and  penetrat- 
ing into  it,  he  performed  wmiderful  deeds^  cutting 
down  woods,  levelling  high  ground,  and  filUig 
up  marshes."'  Again:  we  find  in  Eumemus 
i^m^gyr.  ad  ComttmUn.  7)  the  following  pasesgi^ 
brins^g  the  description  of  the  countir  aown  to 
A.]).  306-^7:  ''Non  dico  Oaledonum,  MLorumqua 
Fictorum  sUvas  et  paludes  sed  nee  ffibemiaia 
praximanL"  This  panegync  of  Constantino  is 
said  to  have  been  pronounced  by  Eumenius  aJ)* 
310.  In  hctf  in  every  case  When  an  ancient 
writer  has  occasion  to  mention  Galedonift,  tiw 
wooded  stato  of  the  country  seams  uppennost  in 
his  mind,  and  I  do  not^  therefore,  see  how  tiiere 
can  be  any  doubt  that  this  was  its  genenl  cha- 
racter. 

The  stato  of  Scotland  even  in  medieval  times 
8how%  I  think,  that  woods  continued -to  be  its 
marked  character.  I  take  Dumfirieashire,  with 
which  I  am  best  acquainted,  but  I  have  no  doubt 
that  it  is  a  fair  specimen  of  the  other  parts  of 
Scotland.  I  find  the  following  passage  (p.  181) 
in  that  very  valuable  work  entitled  JKMory  » 
Dw^/frimhf  ITilliam  McDowallrEdin.  A.  and  O. 
Blacky  1867,)  on  this  subject^  eonnrmmg  the  view 
which  I  have  adopted:  — 

^  la  the  t.hmMMid  yem  whioh  dapesd  after  the  iava* 
aktt  of  Affiioola,  BO  pereeptlblo  iaiprairioo  seoms  to  hinre 
been  naat  on  the  <nigiiMl  wooaumds  of  the  ooanty. 
When  the  Sooto-Saxons  settled  within  its  vaki^  fhqr 
fbond  damps  of  forestry  hi  all  direetioiis;  and  benei  llie 
fteqnoot  ooearrsBce  thnmghoat  the  distriot  of  the  Saam 
term  wtaU^  which  signifies  <a  woody pteoe.'  Famiiiar. 
hMtaaoee  are  fowid  In  the  naiBes  Bnthwald,  MoasewsM, 
TorthorwaU,  and  Thnrald;  and  In  the  folkwla«»  ~ 
the  woidappearB  hi  its  modem  fonn:  LooharwooC] 

wood,   Helwood,  Kelhenrood,  Meikleirood,   Not 

BhMKwood,  KiDmoiiBtwood,  DoBBkellywood,  WeoilMl, 
Woodlands:  and  in  «then^  snoh  as  Haaeiebaw,  Bkflk- 
riuLW,  Cowriww,  LmmsImw.  and  BomImw,  in  whUk « 
synoogrmoasivwd  for'wood*  is  intiodaoed.  The  osihL 
nn,and  birdies  embedded  in  the  aoMMses of  NithsdahsM 
Annsndak  afibid  abondaot  evidenoe  of  the  ssbn  M; 
and  fine  natanl  woed»  the  progeqr  of  priodttie 
slillfllngssBaayerilierivenaad  " 


484 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


L4ik&IV.IlM.4»*«L 


of  Morton,  Dorisdeer,  and  much  of  the  neighbourhood, 
were  in  ancient  times  covered  with  treed,  the  resort  of 
the  wild  boar,  the  wolf,  the  stag,  and  other  animals  of 
the  chase/' 

I  leave  some  other  correspondent  to  show  that 
much  of  Scotland  during  the  Middle  Ages  was  iu 
the  same  woodland  state. 

Craufurd  Tait  Ramagk. 


WAS  MACBETH  THK  THIRD  MCRDEKER  OF 

BANiiUO? 

(4*>»  S.  iv.  282,  412.) 

I  cannot  see  that  Mr.  Patox  has  made  his  case 
any  better  by  his  somewhat  lengthy  letter.  lie 
thmks  710W  there  were  two  feasts — an  entertain- 
ment at  seven,  and  yet  a  supper  at  midnight, 
when  the  night  was  "  almost  at  odds  with  morn- 
ing, which  was  which."  Now,  besides  that  this 
rere-supper  seems  a  very  strange  proceeding  after 
a  late  dmner  at  seven,  it  must  oe  remembered 
that  it  was  not  till  after  the  guests  had  gone  that 
the  night  was  '*  almost  at  odds  with  morning." 
Consequently  (as  Mr.  Paton  even  must  grant 
that  some  time  was  taken  up  by  the  banquet)  this 
rere-supper  was  between  ten  and  eleven,  just  in 
fact  when  the  guests  of  the  seven  o'clock  enter- 
tainment had  not  left  the  dining-hall  very  long. 
Now,  for  my  own  part,  I  do  not  believe  there  was 
more  than  one  banquet  (which,  I  think,  is  shown 
by  Act  III.  Sc.  i.  40-43, 

*♦  Let  every  man  be  master  of  his  time 
Till  pcven  at  ni^ht :  to  make  society 
The  sweeter  welcome,  we  will  keep  oursclf 
Till  snpper-time  alone ; " 

where  I  think  the  supper-time  and  the  seven 
•o'clock  are  plainly  the  same,  as  otherwise  it 
would  be  very  harsh) :  and  I  still  hold  to  the 
interpretation  of  Sc.  iv.,  which  I  suggested,  but  I 
thought  it  well  to  sliow  the  strangeness  of  Mr. 
Patox's  case  from  his  own  point  of  view. 

Mr.  Patox  seems  to  show  the  weakness  of  his 
arguments  by  harping  so  much  on  the  words 
'*  agitated  condition."  I  suppose  any  man  who 
had  just  committed  a  muraer  would  be  in  an 
Agitated  condition  ;  at  any  rate  Mr.  Paton  (who 
must  grant  that  Macbeth  was  agitated,  if  only  by 
the  ghosts)  ought  to  be  the  last  man  in  the  world 
to  say  the  third  murderer  was  not  or  would  not 
have  been  agitated. 

As  to  Mr.  Pa  ton's  objection  that  the  confidants 
of  Macbeth  I  spoke  of  were  not  likely  to  commit 
murder  under  his  sanction,!  should  say  they  were 
just  the  sort.  Murders  are  generally  (always  such 
murders  as  these)  committed  by  sneaking  scoun- 
drels. A  murderer  is  not  generally  a  dignitied 
character,  and  the  attempt  to  make  Eugene  Aram 
such  never  succeeded. 

The  apparition,  being  only  the  creature  of  Mac- 
beth*8  imagination,  would  of  course  assume  all 


sorts  of  fearful  forms.  We  are  not  to  take,  In  a  gmi 
poet,  eveiT  little  point,  and  insist  on  die  WM- 
ment,  as  if  it  were  a  case  for  my  Lord  Chief  Jus- 
tice to  decide. 

I  was  a  little  too  hasty,  I  must  admit,  in  sa^ng 
that  the  third  murderer ''  gives  no  ordeza."  He 
certainly  "  repeats  no  orders,''  for  the  orden,  I 
hold  with  Steevens,  relate  simply  to  the  time 
and  the  post  of  action,  boUi  which  tninga  Maobetih 
told  them  he  would  let  them  know. 

It  is  a  great  pity  that  Mb.  Pa.tok  aeema  Ov 
quoting  his  words  again)  to  be  resolved  to  stick 
to  his  error  about  the  striking  out  of  the  light. 
There  cannot  be  the  shadow  of  a  doubt  that  tha 
first  murderer  struck  it  out 

I  cannot  see  why  Macbeth  should  disguise  him- 
self from  the  murderers.  That  he  would  fzom 
Banquo  and  Fleance  is  highly  probable. 

If  Macbeth  were  on  the  spot,  why  did  he  not 
settle,  or  get  settled,  Fleance,  whose  destruction 
was  far  more  desired  than  Banquo's  P 

When  Mr.  Paton,  in  a  most  nicturesaue  man- 
ner, brings  in  the  apparition  noading  ''jltouait 
the  man,''  Mr.  Paton  seems  to  be  nodding  too, 
like  the  good  Homer ;  for  the  nodding  or  non- 
uoddiog  of  the  apparition  has  nothing  to  do  with 
the  matter  before  us. 

Mr.  Paton  does  not  touch  on  one  of  the  most 
important  points  which  I  brought  forward  (con- 
sequently I  consider  him  a  convert  there).  I  allude 
to  the  two  aside  speeches,  which  are  yeiy  im- 
portant, as  even  if  Macbeth  was  likely  to  try  to 
impose  on  the  murderers  he  would  certainly  not 
talk  nonsense  to  himself.  I  did  not  see  the  ad- 
vantage of  repeating  myself,  so  have  only  touched 
on  points  where  it  seemed  requisite  to  say  aome- 
thing  fresh. 

Finally,  it  is  not  Shakspere's  manner  to  con- 
ceal from  his  audience  the  facts  of  the  case ;  nor 
indeed  of  nny  dramatists  till  Byron  (who  did  not 
write  his  Manfred  for  the  stage) ;  in  fact,  if  any- 
thing, the  audience  are  let  too  soon  into  the  plot. 
Then  again,  the  character  of  Macbeth  seema  to 
me  to  be  entirely  opposed  to  the  idea  of  his  taking 
part  personally  in  the  murder  of  Banqno.  Fko- 
fessor  Gervinus  does  not  seem  to  me  himpy  in  kia 
comparing  Macbeth  and  Richard  III.  (ot  coune  I 
mean,  in  both,  not  the  characters  of  histoij  hot 
the  portraits  of  Shakspere).  liichard  111.  wte  a 
knave  from  his  youth  up ;  it  was  not  till  Macbeth 
was  advanced  in  life  that  he  was  tempted,  and 
fell.  Macbeth  was  personally  very  averse  to  ued- 
ding  noble  blood.  It  was  long  before  he  could  he 
got  *'  to  the  sticking  place  "  in  the  case  of  DnnoaBy 
and  long  and  bitterly  he  repented  of  that  criBM. 
lie  did  indeed  slay  the  grooms,  but  thai  ma 
considered  nothing  like  slaying  nobility  in  thoaa 
days.  Such  a  man  does  not  seem  to  me  to  haive 
been  likely  to  have  murdered  Banquo  penonally* 
At  almost  the  end  of  the  play,  he  prays  Maodnff 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  4,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


485 


(before  he  knew  the  strange  circumstances  of 
his  birth)  to  stand  off,  not  from  cowardice,  but 
because  he  had  already  done  too  much  harm  to 
his  family.  Macbeth  was  a  noble  but  weak  spirit ; 
Kichard  III.  never  repented  but  of  doing  less 
harm  than  he  wished  to  do. 

I  am  afraid  I  have  encroached  too  much  on 
your  valuable  space,  but  it  seemed  to  me  that 
such  strange  and  novel  ideas  were  not  well  put 
upon  ShaksperC;  unless  carried  out  by  very  strong 
€vidence.  Ebato  Hills. 

Trin.  Coll.  Cambs. 


THE  WORD  "METROPOLIS." 
(4'»»  S.  iv.  335,  410.) 

Strictly  speaking,  and  looking  to  ancient  custom, 
tbe  Bishop  of  London  is  the  metropolitan  bishop, 
and  his  diocese  the  metropolitan  see.  The  true 
title  of  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  is  the  Patri- 
arch of  Canterbury =the  Patriarch  of  Alexandria, 
Constantinople,  &c.,  a  ipxt,  tcariip,  chief  father  of 
all  the  fathers  of  the  church.  In  primitive  limes 
the  chief  of  the  bishops  was  called  Metropolitan, 
because  he  lived  in  the  metropolis,  and  was  obliged 
to  live  there.  Chambers  says  in  his  CyclopatUa, 
sub  voce — 

"  The  Roman  empire  having  been  divided  into  thirteen 
dioceses,  and  one  handred  and  twenty  provinces ;  each 
diocese  and  each  province  had  its  metropolis  or  capital 
city,  where  the  proconsul,  or  the  vicar  of  the  empire,  had 
his  residence. 

**  To  this  civil  division  the  ecclesiastical  was  afterwards 
adapted,  and  the  bishop  of  the  capital  city  had  the  direc- 
tion of  affairs,  and  pre-eminence  over  all  the  biahops 
of  the  province.  His  residence  in  the  metropolis  gave 
him  the  title  of  metropolitan, 

**  This  erection  of  metropoUtam  is  referred  to  the  end  of 
the  third  century,  and  was  confirmed  l^  the  Council  of 
Nice.  Indeed,  Archbishop  Usher  and  de  Marca  maintidn 
it  to  be  an  establishment  of  the  Apostles^  but  in  vain. 
For  it  is  next  to  certain  that  the  ecclesiastical  govern- 
ment was  regulated  on  the  foot  of  the  civil,  and  that  it 
was  hence  the  name  and  authority  of  metrmoKtant  was 
given  to  the  bishops  of  the  capital  cities  of  the  empire  or 
the  provinces  that  composed  it.  This  is  so  true,  that  in 
the  contest  between  the  Bishop  of  Aries  and  the  Bishop  of 
Yienne,  each  of  whom  laid  claim  to  the  metropolitamhip 
of  the  province  of  Vienne,  the  Council  of  Turin  appointed 
that  whichever  of  them  could  prove  his  city  to  be  the 
civil  metropolis,  should  enjoy  the  title  and  rights  of  ecde- 
siastical  metropolitan" 

So  that,  after  all,  the  writer  in  The  Times  is,  at 
least,  guiltless  of  perpetrating  an  absurdity  ''in 
styling  the  bishopric  of  London  the  metropolitan 
BoeJ^  ^Vnd  if  absurdity  there  be,  it  undoubtedly 
lies  the  other  way,  involving  a  kind  of  a  lucue  a 
nan  liicendo  derivation. 

The  view  is  not  correct  that  eveiy  metropolitan 
is  an  archbishop.  The  Bishop  of  Montreal  is 
metropolitan  of  Canada;  the  Bishop  of  Calcutta 
is  metropolitan  of  India,  but  neither  of  them  are 
iirchbishops,  or,  at  all  events,  so  styled. 


At  the  risk  of  giving  offence,  I  moat  respectfuUj 
recommend  Tswabs  to  his  logic  If  the  ''  capital 
dty  "  of  a  countty,  and  the  metropolis  of  the  same 
country,  be  not  conyertible  terms,  then  I  have  to 
learn  what  are— certainly  two  and  two  va^four 
are  not. 

The  Editor  of  <<N.  &  Q."  stands  in  need  of  no 
apologist  His  courtesj'  is  quite  on  a  par  with  his 
acquirements,  and  it  la  the  former  which  leads 
him  often,  I  make  no  doubt,  to  insert  matter 
which  he  intends  not  for  a  moment  ^  to  endorse.^ 
We  all  of  us  write  twaddle  very  often,  which,  but 
for  the  consideration  of  this  most  coouderate  of  all 
editors,  might  probably  never  see  the  light. 

EDinTiTD  Tiw^  M.A« 

Considering  that  a  metropolis  is  '^  the  chief  dty 
of  2k  province  or  kin^om,"  and  that  tiie  word  can 
be  used  in  both  a  dvil  and  ecdesiaatical  senM^  it 
seems  to  me  that  there  ia  no  error  in  applymg 
the  term  '^  metropolitan  see "  to  dther  of  the 
bishoprics  of  London  or  Canterbury.  London  is 
the  metropolis — tL  a.  the  dml  or  date  metropolis-^ 
of  England ;  and,  as  B.  C.  L.  observes,  what  is 
connected  with  it  is  '<  metropolitan " ;  ergOf  the 
bishopric  of  London  is  the  metropolitsn  see.  But 
Canterbury  being  ecdemaatioalfy  the  chief  city  of 
the  ecdesiastical  province  of  Canterbury,  is  also  * 
metropolis;  ergo,  its  bishoprio  is  also  the  metro- 
politan see.  Speaking  in  an  ecclesiastical  sensoi 
Aihanasius  calls  Milan  the  metropoUs  of  Italy : 

•<0mne8  Provinds  [in  the  luUea  DkBoerfs],  at  ia 
dvUibus  sub  ab  Inperatere  illls  date  vicario,  ita  m  ecde- 
siastids  Hedidanend  primatl,  ut  sno  metropolitano^ 
parebant.  Qoare  ab  Athanaslo  Medwlamtm  Itahm  «Mfro- 
poHe  tient  Bomamm  diHoma  wteiropoHa  Roma,  nominator.'* 
(Crakanthorpe,  Defeimo  Eee/eeut  Anglieanm,  Lon.  1SS5» 
p.  146). 

As  to  the  title  of  London  to  be  C8lled,;Mir  excel* 
tefteCf  the  metropolis,  I  think  the  question  should, 
be,  not  what  writer  and  what  Act  of  Parliament 
first  used  the  word  metropoUs  to  signify Lond<m,bat 
what  writer  and  what  Act  would  use  it  to  dgmfy 
any  other  place  in  England.  A.  M.  S. 


LIYBE  TOUBKOIS. 
(4**  8.  ir.  4ia) 


Mmisienr  le  B6dactear,— Je  m'empresse  d'ea- 
Tom  4  Totre  correspondant  de  Fkderme  TBCb.  H. 
Y.)  lerensdgnement  qa*il  demande,  dans  le  n*  96 
des  IfoteemsdOturieif  aasajet  de  la''  liTre  Toov- 
nois.**  fitant  de  la  Tille  de  Toots,  qui  ft  doontf  son 
nom  k  eette  monnaie,  je  snis  k  meioie  de  (mn  Isa 


reeherdies  n^eessaires  ponr  azdver  4  on  bon  f6* 
soltat 

Ohariamagne  partigea  la  Uvre  d'aigsntCNpialk 
Talait  5760  graais  on  667  mnunas^  166  iiiQll« 
gzammea)  en  90  aoiif  de  19  deniois  chaeoiiy  de 


486 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*8.iy.I>n.4^Wi 


9orte  que  la  tnlllo  du  donier  ^tait  de  240  h  la 
livre. 

En  y  supposant  1/2 -i  d'allinge,  le  donier  Talait 
done  34  centimes.  II  fut  en  outre  partageS  en 
2  obolcf,  pesant  chacune  12  prrains. 

En  1103,  Philippe  1"  mela  un  tiers  de  cuivre 
a  rarjrent  des  deniers.  II  institua  le  poids  de 
marc  it  I'usage  des  monnayeurS;  en  prenant  pour 
cela  1('8  2/3  de  la  livre  de  Charlemagne,  c'est-a- 
dire  3840  grains  ou  :^44  grammes  702  milliemes. 

l)ix  ans  apr^s,  Louis-le-Gros  niit  la  moitid  de 
cuivre  dans  lo  denier,  lenuel  allant  toujours  en 
s'alt^rant,  linit  parn'etre  plus  qu'uno  menuo  mon- 
naie  de  cuivre,  juequ'a  Louis  XIV,  sous  le  regne 
duquel  on  cessa  d'en  frapper. 

Des  le  XII*  siecle,  lea  populations,  pour  se  re- 
connaitre  au  milieu  de  la  confusion  moni^taii'e, 
e*^taient  accoutumees  a  prendre  pour  types  lea 
monnaies  de  certaines  localites.  Par  exemple  le 
Denier  T<mrnot\  aiusi  appeld  parce  qu'U  otait 
frapp^  a  Tours. 

La  monnaie  Totirnoig  avait  coura  dans  le  Midi, 

?ar  une  decision  de  Philippe- Auguste.     Laliyre 
^oumois  ^tait  de  20  sous. 

Ccci  ^tant  donu6,  en  ee  servant  du  tableau  sui- 
vant,  on  arrivera  a  trouver  les  poids  et  la  yaleur 
de  la  livre  Toumois  au  xiii*  siecle :  — 

Tableau  des  n'Juctiotu  que  la  Here  de  CJiarlemagne  a 
iouffcrtes  Jusqua  nos  Jours, 

lAr.  Siuni.  Den. 

Charlemagne  (768-1113) 1)6  08  00 

Louis  VI  ct  Louis  VII  (1113-1158)    .  18  13  00 

Piiiiippe-Auj^ustc     .    .' 19  18  00* 

S*  Louis  et  Philippe-le-IIardi     ...  18  04  11 

Philippe-le-Uel  (1285-J;)14)  ....  17  10  00 

i>c  nos jours: 

La  livre  remplac^  par  le  franc      .    .  1  00  03 

La  livre  Tournois    valait  sous  Philippe-Au- 
guste  20  francs  40  centimes ;   le  sou  1  franc  02 
centimes  et  le  denier  8  centimes. 
Le  Conservateur  de  la 

Biblioth^ue  de  Tours,  DoKA:<ciE. 

Tours. 

IIOKACE,  CARM.  I.  28. 

(4»»»  S.  iv.  414.) 

It  is  a  sad  thing  to  have  to  deal  with  so  per- 
severing an  opponent  as  Mr.  Tew,  especially  on  a 
subject  which  ne  seems  to  have  taken  up  now  for 
the  first  time.  Yet  I  muet  reply,  though  on  these 
dark  days  I  can  hardly  see  to  write.  I  will,  how- 
ever, be  as  brief  as  possible,  and  I  will  not  take  up  i 
the  space  of  "  N.  &  Q."  with  another  line  on  the 
subject,  let  Mr.  Tew  exult  over  me  as  he  will. 
To  begin :  Mr.  Tev,'  might  have  saved  himself  j 
all  the  trouble  he  has  taken  about  Libera,  if  he 
had  been  aware  that  the  Latin  religion  knew 
Bothing  whatever  about  the  marriages  and  births 
of  its  deities,  and  that  therefore  Libera  could  not 


be  the  daughter  of  Ceres.  She  wm  m  laet  whtA 
the  Hindoos  call  the  Sakti,  or  female  power  4f 
Liber ;  and  one  of  the  best  thin^  in  toy  Mf&o» 
lopy  is  the  explanation  I  have  f^ven,  for  the  finfc 
time,  of  the  cause  of  their  union  with  Ceiei  in 
the  temple  at  the  Aventine.  Further,  liben  k 
not  Persephone,  the  spouse  of  Hades ;  for  the  Latin 
religion  knew  nothing  of  any  place  analoffow 
to  the  Erebus  of  the  Greeks,  the  Shed  oi  the 
Hebrews :  it  assigned  the  denarted  a  different 
abode.  I  was  not  aware  that  i  had  been  antid- 
patcd  by  Comutus  about  Proserpine  in  the  ode 
under  consideration ;  but  I  am  very  certain  that 
he  was  not  refuted  by  Macrobius,  because  it  wai 
impossible. 

The  epodcs  of  Horace  have  not  the  alielitart 
resemblance  to  those  of  Pindar  and  the  Uveek 
tragedians.  What  they  are  most  like  is  the  venH 
of  Catullus,  and  they  never  could  have  been  aongi 
It  was,  the  critics  think,  not  Horace,  \mX 
the  Grammatici  that  so  named  them,  and  pnH 
bably  for  this  simple  reason,  that  in  his  colleetBd 
works  they  were  placed  immediately  after  the 
odes,  just  as  Aristotle's  Metaphysica  are  aaid  te 
have  been  so  named  as  being  placed  aflber  the 
Physica.  There  may  bo  an  imitation  of  ffiiHH 
nides  in  the  ode  in  question,  but  the  imitator  WM 
the  interpolator,  not  Horace. 

The  passages  from  Bion  and  Sappho  are  nofldqg 
to  the  purpose.  It  is  of  the  hair  of  the  moaiBH^ 
not  that  ot  the  dying  person,  that  they  speak.  No 
one  denies  that  Persephone  was  the  mistresflf 
Erebus,  whither  the  Gredan  dead  w^it. 

Mr.  Tew  says  that  the  issue  lies  between  '^ae 
and  my  German  friends  on  the  one  pezt^  nd 
Cicero,  Livy,  and  Tacitus  on  the  other."  Be  it 
so ;  I  will  boldly  reply  that  we  know  a  vast  daal 
more  on  the  subject  than  they  did.  All  thar 
have  to  tell  us  is,  that  Libera  was  also  eaDad 
Proserpine,  but  they  give  no  proof  whatever  ef 
the  identity.  One  of  them  was  an  orator,  the 
other  two  were  historians,  none  of  them  antiq» 
ries  like  Varro.  We,  on  the  contrary,  hare  a 
deal  of  fragmentary  knowledge  in  Vairo  mk 
others,  and  by  a  lone  induction  of  the  Tiriiw 
religious  systems  that  have  prevailed  on  eardi  wa 
are  able  to  deduce  the  tme  nature  of  erery  Mp* 
rate  system,  and  we  do  not  confound  them  as  Oa 
ancients  did.  We  know,  for  instance,  that  the 
system  of  Latium  was  widely  different  f^ixn  thatef 
Hellas,  a  thiug  Cicero  did  not  know.  Exeait « 
an  orator  and  as  a  stylist  I  rate  him  Tery  I0V| 
and  I  may  mention  it  as  a  proof,  that  in  tiie  Ihm 
number  of  references  in  my  Mfthotoffff  ff  am§ 
his  name  does  not  occur  more  than  ten  ^      ' 


Thos.  EJueaxstf . 


4-  s.  IV.  Di  c.  4,  69.]  NOTES  AND  QnEBIE&  487 


Shakespeare  Glossariss  (4}^  S.  iv.  432.)—  my  atifpuMl  note),  we  can  leeye  it  in  ita  primaiy 

In  common  with  most  Shakesperian  studenta  I  and  duect  senae;   and  nnderatand  ''a  curam  of 

should  be  grateful  to  Mr.  Bolton  Cobket  for  eale"  to  mean  aimply  and  ezaethr  ^an  extremely 

any  &cts  or  suggestions  helping  to  throw  light  on  amall  weight  or  quantity,  even  the  aizteenth  part 

the  obscurities  of  Shakespeare's  language.    But  of  an  ounce,  of  the  eel-nui."   Thia  amall  quantity 

in  reference  to  his  recent  contributions  to  your  (as  the  paaaage  quoted  prooeeda  to  aay,  in  general 

columns^  it  is  enough  to  say  that  etymological  accordance  with  the  asaertion  of  Maplett)  caa 

science  consists  of  facts  and  reasons  and  prindplesi  make  ^'  all  the  noble  subatanoe  "  of  wine  diaguatfuL 

not  of  personal  and  purely  arbitrary  likea  and  dia-  W.  M.  Robsbtxi. 

likes^  preferences  and  aversions,  admiaaions  and        /^         <m  n^  a  •     ooo  \    t         jl^sj 

rejeckL.    No  good  could  poakbly  reeult  from  ®^~  !^^«  ifl!' 'L^firiL*!?  •^ 


He  says,  referring  to  my  explanation  of  the  Terb  *•''"•?  ^.  """y  '^  "1  ^S!!!'  ?"*  7  '^ 

balk  in  the  mmburgh  £mew,  "He  fails  to  pro-  «"?,"  to  the  condnaon  that  thew  w  oolj  one 

duce  eyen  one  example  of  its  use  in  addition  to  V^^  Mtarfactoiy  jw  of  domg  wytMng,  Midth«t 

that  which  I  shall  hare  occasion  to  quote  "  [from  "  3?$r  *^\.  ^^^  H  »  »o^ert  ho  paintedon 

The  Taming  of  the  ShrewX    This  is  Mb.  CoBirKT'B  »  ^^^f>  medimn,  and  unerted  between  tiro 

statement,     ^he  fact  \£,  that  I  haTe  specially  P^****  "1  ?^v*'   *^  power  of  ft»«m'« 

noticed  »ix  examples  of  the  verb  used^  thi  "y'{.""^  *^|  *''*°"$'i!f**'';i«*i.t  TISSS 

Uteral  or  figurative  sense  I  have  attributed  to  it :  comMned^uenee  of  heat  end  Mgh^ wUl  ■«»  rob 

two  from  Shakespeare,  two  from  Spenser,  one  from  *""*  PMataig  of  ito  colouw.    Thereii  onlj  one 

Minshew,  and  one  quoted  by  niSSiwei    These  ?T  ?''"^v™'*-*':fS^2?"  ^TT^?.^ 

were  amply  sufficient  for  the  purpose  in  hand.  »  *<'i°™  ^T  ""^  *''f  1-jS*^*****""/  ^ 

Bu^  as  f  Lve  recently  said,  tLy  might  earily  *««  «^  i^  ^,  iteetf.    A  htfle  ftinia«  for  tiw 

have  been  largely  increied.  But  for  thi  necessity  W^  "^  »»'>"}»«  "  '^S'^^f^J^tT 

of  economising  space,  I  could  at  once  have  givei  »  »«»*  •»  expenaye  matter.    I  ha^wtoown  eaa- 

from  my  ot^  notes  half   a    dozen    addifional  **""  ^^  ^"°!?T  l3^^^l^,^^ 

examplM.  J"'*!  ^^  produced  the  red  tiimg,  «id  thvt  u 

The  sense  in  which  Mb.  CoBNBr  expire  the  •»**«  **««'  "?  eraneeoent  famtatioB.    At  the  we- 


verb  hoik,  and  which  he  seems  to  regari  as  a  dia-  »ent  momwit  I^wf  pen  to  be  ^Bffaged  xn^^ 

covery,  is  the  sense  it  bears  in  almost  aU  English  -dditiona  to  a  Gothic  building  belonging  tom^ 

dictionaries  old  and  new  j  and  there  is  somethmg  5°*  ^7  coloured  glaw  w  5^^f /~^.^J^ 

irresistibly    ludicrous    in  solemnly  appealing  to  dwie  «JeriyA<  ie«y;  and  Ideaded  on  thi^^ 

ni,«-o*«^i:«,  \v«««  f^,  „  ^«-«: ,i,;^i,  ™  «,^™  Order  that  m  time  to  come  it  may  paaa  ereditably 


Christopher  Wase  for  a  meaninffwhich  any  modem  oraer  inw  m                             ^                     , .,    ^-_ 

dictiona'ry  would  have  affordel    It  ia  is  though  through  two  trials-^  exaaunaUon^ 

one  should  say:  '^  assert  on  the  authority  of  or  connoiaaeura,  and  the  action  of  the»una»ya. 

Adam  Littleton  that  the  verb  depart  la  eqivft-  ^J  »*  «?  2^  P^^^  T.^^^'^^Lf^^ 

lent  to  «a  away."  glaiB-pamtang  la  infenor  to  tiie  productoona  of  tha 

The  Writer  of  the  Article  on  "^^^ '  ^\  S^  VaS'b^^o^ JSS  SSd 

Shakesperian  Glossaries  in  the  "  Emnbijm«  ^^  \£r3<m*^ia  i^f  ArT^  ^  dear. 

liEviEw.  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^  inharmonioua  P    Wait  a  little  and 

In  offering  an  interpretation  {ani^,  p.  367)  of  the  giye  them  what  the  older  haa  had.    A  ceartaitt 

phrase—  amount  of  time  will  subdue  any  brightneaa;  a 

*<  The  dram  of  eale  little  corroeion  by  atmoaphezic  inluenoe  over  tfaie 

Doth  all  the  noble  substance  of  a  dout  ^j  ^^l  ^^pl^  and  granulate  the  froated  aor- 

T  -  .     \rr^  T:^  k          ,     ^  ^  ^^^  ^  tte^nOng  ^t  of  a  fine  coating  of 

I  suggested  th at  ^\  the  dram  of  eale    may  mean  ^^' ^^  ^^^  like  iftS  glazing  of  an oflpidnaig, 

"the  dram  of  wine  wherein  an  eel  haa  been  .^eombme  to  ahed  owtPem  all  the  aoftoe« 

dressed.      On  further  reflection,  it  appears  to  me  ^^  harmooY  ao  much  admired  in  andent  win- 

that — still  retaining  the  same  general  aenae  for  Agvmtt                                          P.  HuTOHXMsag* 

the  passage — a  yet  simpler  and  more  satisfactorr  '  ,   * 

meaning  for  '^  the  dram  of  eale ''  may  be  assigned.  Aa  ftff  aa  I  understand  Mb.  Dizov,  hisnroeeM 

The  word  dram^  as  we  all  know,  signifies  not  is  something  like  the  diitpliani&  the  matenah  fior 

only  '^  a  small  quantity  of  liquor/'  but  alao  "the  which  axe  sumUed  by  Barnard  of  Ozfiucd  Stzest 

sixteenth  part  of  an  ounce.''    In  this  aenae  it  ia  and  othexi.     The   diaphaaie  is  only  Taaiiahgay 

written  either  drachm  or  dram — Ash's  DManory  and  Mb.  Bezov  would  protect  hia  wrak  wHll 

(1776)  gives  the  latter  selling.    Thus,  instead  (tf  fllass.    I  fear  the  ataam  or  damp  whieh  wHl  get 

supposing  a  rather  ciicmtous  sense  for  eal$  (as  in  m  batnaii  two  lajHi  of  glaaa  wcnld  jnofa  a 


4S8 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIB& 


[«»8.1T.DM<^m 


terrible  enemj.  Whea  real  atained  ftUsa  is  tud 
over  an  ordinar;  vindow  pane,  the  presence  of 
damp  soon  ehowa  itself  between  the  two  sheets, 
and  the  effect  is  had,  though  the  etained  glass  is 
notiujured.  Modern  glase  is  inferior  to  oncieotj 
though  the  mention  of  a  "  well-puinted  subject" 
does  not  quite  look  as  if  Mb,  DixoK  was  on  the 
right  scent  whj'  it  is  so;  and  I  hope  ho  will  excuse 
me  when  I  eay,  I  have  more  faith  in  modern  glass- 
pslDting  than  in  the  substitute  he  proposes. 

P.P. 

"NoTPArt,  BBT  jFSira"  (4'" S.  iv.  451.1— Sir 
John  Bowling  can,  no  doubt,  fullj  answer  K.  V., 
nor  am  I  presuming  to  speak  for  him.  But  I  may 
note  these  facts,  nLout  which  there  is  no  doubt. 

In  the  Athenivum  library  appear  "  Bentham's 
■Works,"  in  twelve  volumes,  with  an  uniform  ap- 

Eearance,  and  each  volume  inscribed  as  presented 
y  Sir  John  Bowring, 

But  it  is  not  reallT  a  collective  edition. 

The  first  five  Tolumes  are  the  "  Rationale  of 
Judicial  Evidence,"  edited  by  Mr.  John  Mill  in 
1827.  The  other  works  follow,  arranged  in  no 
chronological  order ;  end  the  twelfth,  and  tatt,  is 
"  Not  Paul,  but  Jesus,"  by  Gamaliel  Smith,  pub- 
lished iu  1823. 

But  then,  in  183u,  some  time  after  all  the 
ToluDiea  had  been  in  the  library  with  Sir  J. 
Bowring's  name  in  them,  bound  and  lettered  all 
of  them  "  Bentham's  Works,"  Sir  John  writes  a 
letter,  whieli  is  placed  between  the  fly-leaves  of 
the  fit«t  of  the  volumes,  speaking  of  "  The  Works 
of  Jeremy  Bentham  presented  to  the  Athenteum 
some  time  ago." 

The  inference  from  all  this,  as  to  the  opinion 
of  Sir  J.  Bowring  about  the  work  in  question, 
eeema  clear.  Lttteltok. 

Jeremy  Bentham  was  the  author  of  Not  Paul, 
but  Jtgm,  and  of  Chwck  of  Enaland  and  iU  Caie- 
cAwJi  Examined.  They  were  published  anony- 
mously under  the  advice  and  opinion  of  high 
legal  authorities — that,  disliked  as  he  was  for  his 
political  writings,  he  would  undoubtedly  be  pro- 
secuted and  probably  convicted  in  those  perilous 
days  for  teaching  of  doctrines  so  unwelcome  in 
high  places.  The  personal  animosity  shown  to- 
wards him  by  George  III.  is  a  matter  of  history, 
and  the  nation  had  to  pay  a  heavy  penalty  for 
the  breach  of  contract  in  the  matter  of  the  Pan- 
opticon— a  breach  insisted  on  by  that  monarch. 
Other  MS3.  there  were,  which  perhaps  might  be 
deemed  harmless  now,  but  which  were  suppressed 
at  m^  request  and  that  of  other  friends,  .Sir  Samuel 
Bomilly  and  Lord  Langdalo  among  them.  In  his 
old  age,  and  with  his  habits,  a  sentence  of  im- 
prisonment would  have  been  a  sentence  of  death 
to  the  philosopher.  John  Bowrins. 

A  Plba  for  Grauhab  (4'*  S.  iv.  440.)— I 
Buspaot  there  is  a  false  print  in  the  note  signed 


IIehxehtruds.  How  can  it  be  nid  tlutt  "Hv 
Majesty  drove  out "  Is  UDgTunmsticml  t  And 
surely  the  writer  does  not  meaa  that  m  on^tt 
always  to  say  "The  Queen's  Majesty";  nor  am 
she  mean  that  the  Court  Ciicnlar  alcme,  all  tlim 
years,  has  said  "  Her  Majesty  "  simply  for  "  llt» 
Queen." 

But  it  is  curious  that  the  phraae,  cqiulljr  GOBH 
mon,  "Her  Majesty  the  Queen,"  ii,  if  not  in- 
grammatical,  inexact  They  are  two  nomutaUvm; 
yet  they  are  not  properly  in  i^iponUim,  which  It 
the  only  accurate  way  in  which  thay  could  m- 
pear ;  because  it  is  "  the  Quetn'*  Majettg  "  thtt  w 
the  full  expresoion. 

"Her  Aiajesty"  alone,  is  aimplyellipticml  at 

allusive,  meaning  "Her,"  namely,  "  The  Queen'l.'* 

LxmLnur, 

Ballad  :  "  Mr  Poll  a^d  ut  Pabuibb  Jm" 
(4'"  S.  iv.  3r,B.)—l  would  urge  the  quMlion  with 
Mr.  W.  II.  IlnsK,  upon  what  ground*  the  snthor 
of  the  llfrtford  UoMbot^  g^vea  William  HftTlid^ 
and  not  Charles  Dibdin,  the  credit  of  thii  aon^. 

Upon  reading  Mr.  Husk's  note.  I  immedlralf 
sent  it  to  a  fnend  of  mine  in  tne  cotintiT,  tM 
granddaughter  of  Mr,  Dibdin  (and  who,  faj  At 
wcy,  has  in  her  possession  all  of  her  grud&UuA 
AlS'lJ.),  and  have  received  the  reply,  thkt  then  k 
not  the  "  iligldtst  doubt  of  the  authorship  rf  *  tLj 
Poll  and  my  Partner  Joe '  " ;  and  she  oontintHi — 

"  I  bavB  kenrd  mj  gmndmathcr  Hra.  Dibdin  elta 
■peak  of  Mr.  Havsrd  as  in  inCimate  fKsnd  of  hic  hi» 
baod,  but  never  wub  givca  lo  andcnlsnd  ba  was  mOm 
an  author  or  compoier,  but  a  most  manil  adTisst  In  fcMf> 


If  the  author  of  the  Hereford 
"  K,  &  Q.,"  I  hope  he  will  give  ui 
tion  relative  to  this  matter.  Iilox.  F. 

YoBKSHiRK  BALLtn,  ETC.  (4**  S.  iv.  29^  871^ 
One  of  the  ballads  inquired  after  by  Hm.  W.  & 
ScABR  is  well  known  in  the  dales  of  YnklhlnM 
"  Saddle  to  Rags."  It  was  printed  (from  «'tndt 
tional  recitation)  in  my  Ancitnf  Potm»,  ^e^  tfOu 
iViuiinti'^,rercySocietyl8'10.  It waasubaBqumrtlj 
printed  in  B.^irs  Early  BaUadt,  Pu-ket  &  Sw 
1360.  Mr.  Bell,  in  his  remarks,  sUtes  that  th« 
ballad  was  firtl  printed  by  me — an  acknowladf^ 
ment  that  Mr.  \V,  W.  KiKa,  in  ^ootiiia  hu. 
is  quite  forgetful  of,  If  the  ballad  ioLlMlB^ 
Pedlar  s  Pack  is  " Saddle  to  Kags,"  I  (houldlite 
to  know  where  he  got  for  "  Saddle  to  Bags  "  th* 
name  of  the  "Crafty  Farmer"  F  "The  OnB^ 
Farmer ;  or  the  Highwayman  Outwitted,"  it  ftt 
name  of  a  ballad  with  a  similar  plot,  but  a  TUT 
inferior  production  to  "Saddle  to  Bagi"  nd 
much  more  modern.  The  "  Nutbrown  Ifaid" 
may  be  found  in  the  Earhj  SaUad»,ftffa  li.  Kj 
friend  Mr.  Wright's  version,  quoted  bjr  L.  W- M 
the  belt  one,  but  Mr.  Bell's  la  tccompMiild  I7 
some  valuable  historical  and  antiquarian  lUHak^ 
in  which  he  gives  an  able  refutation  toaaahMtt 


4*  S.  IV.  Dkc.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


489 


theory  broached  by  Dr.  "Whitaker  in  his  History 
of  Craven,  James  Henry  Dixon. 

Lausanne. 

Montrose  Family  (4»»»  S.  iv.  295,  373.)  —  I 
have  an  autogrnpli  letter  of  James,  third  Mar- 
quis of  Montrose,  which  may  interest  some  of 
your  readers.  It  is  addressed  "  For  the  Earle  of 
Lawderdaile  his  Majesties  high  commissioner  for 
Scotland." 

"  Ili-cstrissime  Comes, 
"Pro  ilia  vestra  erga  me  amicitia  quum  Edinburgi 
fueras  pares  gratias  nunquam  referre  possum.  Interim 
obnixe  rogo  ut  benign  itate  vestra  condition  em  meam 
serenissimo  Regi  ita  repraesentarea  ut  rcgiae  majestati, 
tibique  ofBcium  meum  tribuere,  capax  fiam.  Quamobrem 
quoad  yixero  oro 

*'  lllustrissime  Comes 

"  Servus  tuns  humillimua, 

"  MONTISROSANUS. 

*'  GlascQo;,  pridie  Kal : 
Aprilis  MDOLXx." 

This  letter  is  obviously  written  by  a  boy,  and, 
most  likely,  witli  his  Latin  master's  help.  Query, 
what  was  in  April  1G70  the  exact  age  of  its 
writer,  the  gallant  Montrose's  grandson  ? 

I^EDK.  Hendriks. 

Warm  (4»»»  S.  iv.  255, 326.)— In  "hide  and  seek/' 

and  other  children's  games  in  Craven,  %carm  signi- 

nifies  ''at  hand  =  near."  We  say  "  You're  getting 

warm  "  =  near  the  hidden  person  or  object.     Ask 

a  peasant  such  a  question   as  "Am  I  far  from 

Grassington  ? "   and   he   may  answer  after   this 

fashion:  "When  ye're  by  (=past)  that  laithe, 

ye'll  be  gettin  pretty  warm "  =  near  to  the  spot. 

In  my  district  warm  is  never  used  for  rich. 

Stephen  Jackson. 
The  Flatts,  Malham  Moor. 

MEA02  (4»»>  S.  iv.  294,  465.)  —  Having  been 
away  since  July,  I  had  not  seen  W.  B.  C's  ques- 
tion as  to  the  right  meaning  of  ii4\os  until  I  was 
directed  to  it  to-day  by  Mr.  Buckton's  'answer. 
Greek  Lexicons  are  of  very  little  use  where  any 
word  connected  with  music  is  concerned.  Even 
such  common  words  as  apuotna  and  nt^cfBla  have  not 
been  rightly  explained  in  any  one  of  them  that  I 
have  seen.  The  primary  meaning  of  n4\os  is  "  in- 
flections of  the  voice,"  or  "  the  rise  and  fall  of  the 
voice,"  whether  in  speech,  in  music,  or  in  Greek 
rhythms.  This  primary  meaning  is  included 
in  all  secondary  ones.  So,  in  the  passage  from 
Ezekiel,  quoted  by  W.  B.  C,  eprjvos  Koi  fx4\os  Kal 
ovalf  rendered  in  our  version,  correctly  enough, 
"  lamentations,  and  mournwg,  and  woe,"  mourn- 
ing must  be  understood  in  the  Kastem  sense,  and 
the  passage  might  have  been  even  more  literally 
translated  "  lamentations,  and  wailingSy  and  woe." 
Where  Mr.  Buckton  reads  fi4\os  as  meaning  "  me- 
ditation "  breaking  out  into  song,  I  read  it  as 
"  lamentation,"  and  so  in  other  passages.  Mb. 
Buckton  refers  to  Aristotle's  De  Poetica^  vi.  4,  for 
a  passage  in  which,  as  he  translates  it,  ''  melos " 


means  "lyric  form.'*  He  intended,  no  doubt| 
xiii.  instead  of  vi.,  but  I  do  not  discover  the 
meaning  he  assigns  to  the  word.  Nor  do  I  see 
any  reason  "  to  suspect "  (with  him)  *'  that  the 
Gi*eeks  themselves  sometimes  confounded  iiikot 
with  tiiposf^  but  think  it  more  probable  that  the 
modems  may  have  done  so.  Mr.  Buckton  has 
adopted  Davis's  translation  of  the  passage  m 
Plato  {Rep,  398  d),  which  I  hold  to  be  inexact : 

Zri  rb  fx4\os  iK  rpiwp  iffrl  crxrfKiifitvov^  \6rfov  tc  koX 
apfjLoyias  Kal  ^uBfiov.  Davis  translates  it  "  that  me- 
lody has  three  constituents, — sentiment,  harmony 
and  rhythm,"  —  and  Mb.  Buckton  "  that  melos 
has  three  constituents :  the  word  (sentiment),  the 
harmony  (melody,  in  the  modem  sense),  and  the 
rhythm."  Davis  having  translated  melos  as  "  me- 
lody," gave  it  three  constituent  parts ;  but  Plato's 
meaning  is  that  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  voice  springs 
out  of  all  three  {iK  rpmv),  viz.,  speech,  music,  and 
rhythm.  As  to  apuovia,  the  pnmary  meaning  is 
"  the  octave  system."  When  that  system  became 
general,  it  came  to  signify  the  system  of  music,  or 
music  according  to  regular  scales.  The  first  Greek 
music  was  not  the  octave  system.  It  may  be 
compared  to  fixing  the  point  of  a  compass  upon  a 
spot  and  then  stretching  to  the  interval  of  a  fourth 
on  each  side,  the  centre  point  belonging  to  each 
of  the  two  fourths.  Such  was  the  scale  of  the  first 
seven-stringed  lyre.  But  after  Egypt  was  thrown 
open  to  the  Greeks,  they  learned  tne  secret  of  the 
octave,  and  gave  that  name  to  the  new  system, 
because  it  ^fitted  together  all  the  consonant  in« 
tervals  they  acknowledged,  viz.,  the  fourth,  fifths 
and  octave — the  fourth  and  fifth  together  consti- 
tuting an  octave.  The  Greek  root  of  opyMvia  is 
apfid^Uf  to  fit  together.  So  Plato's  0privt&9€ts  apfio^ 
piai  are  "  mourning  songs,"  "  dirges  " —  not  mere 
wailings.  I  cannot  fill  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
with  Greek  quotations,  but  hope,  ere  long,  to 
prove  that  Greek  music  is  not  the  *'  dark  and  diffi- 
cult subject "  it  has  been  represented  to  be,  but 
an  extremely  simple  one,  and  as  easily  to  be  un- 
derstood by  any  one  having  a  slight  knowledge  of 
modem  music,  after  being  once  shown,  as  Colum- 
bus's egg.  Wm.  Chappell* 

Heather  Down,  Ascot. 

SiB  Bbian  Tuke  {4}^  S.  iv.  313.)— Mb.  Pigqot 
will  find  an  account  of  Sir  Brian  Tuke,  and  a 
pedigree  of  his  family^in  Nichols'  Literary  Anec^ 
dotes  (ix.  163,  &c.).  He  will  also  find,  in  S tow's 
Survey  of  London  (p.  106),  that  Sir  Brian  died  in 
1536,  not  in  1545,  and  was  buried  in  St.  Margaret's 
Lothbury.  Tbwabs. 

"  The  ancient  barony  in  Normandy  was  written 
in  charters  Touqua."  Toucques  is  a  borough  in 
the  department  of  Calvados,  eiffht  kil.  north-east 
of  Pont  I'Ev^ue  and  at  four  kil.  of  the  moutii 
of  La  ToucQues — ^the  small  river  which  at  Troo- 
yille  (opposite  to  HaTre  de  Grftce)  nms  into  the 


490 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4<kS.IY.Dn.4»'CI» 


Channel  This  is,  in  all  likelihood,  the  origin  of 
the  name :  Lat.  Touqt4a,  Gal.  La  Toucgties,  Angl. 
Tooke,  Tyke.  V.  A.  L. 

Thomas  Rowlandsoit  (4"»  S.  iv.  89,  224,  278.) 
The  friend  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  much  in- 
formation regarding  this  artist,  who  knew  him 
personally,  confirms  the  statement  made  bj  Mr. 
Batbs,  that  no  *'  representation,  serious  or  carica- 
ture, exists  of  him."  W.  P. 

IIisTOKiCAL  Evidence  (4***  S.  iv.  410.) — As  no 
work  exists  laying  dcsvu  rules  for  the  treat- 
ment of  historj  as  a  branch  of  art,  I  can  only 
suggest  to  Studiosus  that  he  should  possess  him- 
self of  the  rules  of  evidence  adopted  in  our  law 
courts,  and  to  frequent  them  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  the  most  approved  modes  of  eliciting 
truth.  Teachers  of  history  lay  before  their  pupils 
such  books  as  famish  in  their  opinion  the  sole  or 
best  attainable  information,  and  in  &uch  quantity 
as  they  deem  sufficient.  Your  corro:?pondcnt  will 
find  some  useful  remarks  in  Bolingbroke  and  in 
Systematic  Education  by  Carpenter  and  others. 
One  of  the  best  works,  however,  so  far  as  rojrards 
the  history  of  peoples  and  of  states,  is  the  Gntnd- 
risz  der  allyemeinen  Geschichte  of  Wachsmuth. 
As  models  for  treating  history,  I  recommend 
Koch*s  Tableau  des  Revolutions  dc  VEuropc^  espe- 
cially in  reference  to  the  maps  and  genealogical 
tables:  Capefigue's  Louis  A/';  and  Schliizer's 
Chaldiiern  ( Elchhoni's  Ilq)erlo7*iam,  ix.  113-170.) 
Gibbon  and  Kobertson  are  the  best  Euglish  ex- 
amples; and  their  merit  chiefly  consists  in  the 
number  and  accuracy  of  their  quoted  authorities. 

T.  J.  BUCKTON. 
Waterfield  House,  Rickmanaworth. 

^  Pythagorean  LettePw  (4*''  S.  iv.  75, 108, 422.) 
No  portion  of  the  graphic  chapter  of  John  (ix.) 
refers  either  to  the  Pythagorean  metempsychosis 
(==  transmigration  of  souls),  which  the  Jews  of 
that  time  did  7wt  believe,  or  to  the  pre-existence 
of  souls,  which  they  did  believe.  Both  the  dis- 
ciples and  the  other  Jews  there  referred  to  Moses 
(Exod.  XX.  tO),  who  dealt  only  in  physical  facts, 
not  in  metaphysical  dogmas,  like  Doddridge  and 
Tholuck.  What  all  conferred  about  was  the  opinion 
of  the  Rabbins,  that  children  might  sin  m  the 
womb  of  tlie  mother,  referring  to  the  example  of 
Jacob  (Gen.  xxv.  22,  &c.) 

*  Antoniiie  asked  R.  Juda,  *  from  "u  hat  time  did  an 
evil  disposition  of  mind  bejfin  to  prevail,  whether  after 
birth  or  when  yet  in  the  mothei's  womb  ?  *  R.  answered, 
•when  yet  in  the  motlier's  womb.'  {Beretfhith  R.j  xxxiv. 
12.)  *  "Whilst  yet  in  the  womb  of  thy  mother  thou  didst 
commit  idolatr}',  because  thy  motherj  when  with  child  of 
thee,  entered  an  idoFs  temple.'  {Shir.  Ji.,  i.  6.)  " 

The  Jews  also  believed  that  any  serious  disease 
was  the  consequence  of  sin  (Mat.  ix.  1,  2;  Luke 
xiii.  2;  Wisd.  of  Sir.  xviii.  21j  xxiii.  11,  16; 
xxxviii.  10,  15) ;  and  that  it  was  transferred  to 
the  children  of  the  sinner  (Wisd.  of  Sir.  xL  28; 


Tobit  iii.  3,  4;  1  (=3)  Esdr.  vuL  77).  Sm 
Kuinoers  ProUg.  to  John,  D  2.  There  is  not  the 
slightest  ground  to  believe  that  Jeauo,  eitlier  in 
Matthew  vii.  13,  14,  or  elsewhere,  referred  to 
Pythagoras,  or  any  of  the  doctrines  drawn  bj 
others  from  him.  T.  J.  Bugetot. 

John  Lang,  Eso.  (4»»»  S.  iv.  324,  37.3.)^Oii 
my  copy  of  Plot  and  Passion  one  of  the  bait 
acted  and  most  interesting  dramas  produced  aooM 
sixteen  years  back  at  the  Olympic  during  Mr. 
Alfred  Wigan*s  admirable  management — ^I  And  t 
jotting  ^*  VVrittenbyTom  Taylor  and  John  Lnig, 
Esquires.''  This  drama  has,  however,  usually  ben 
ascribed  to  Mr.  Taylor  alone.  I  fancy  I  must  have 
noted  the  alleged  double  authorship  either  firam 
the  Dramatic  Almanack  or  The  Era  newspaper. 
This  for  what  it  may  be  worth.  Wf  Br, 

Seal  of  ax  Abbot  of  Cisencesteb  (4*^  S.  ir. 
300.) — I  very  much  regret  that  I  described  the 
seal  wrongly— it  is  that  of  the  vicars  choral  of 
Chichester ;  but  would  still  ask  your  correspondenti 
to  give  an  explanation  of  its  unusual  features. 

JoHK  PieeoT,  Jinr. 

Pecrktals  of  Isidore  (4"'  S.  iv.  389.) — See 
Milman's  History  of  Tjatlsi  Christiamtft  (book  v. 
chap.  4,  iii.  101-11)0).  and  Neanders  Oeneni 
Church  History  (Clark  s  Foreign  Thea  Lib.),  H 
101-110.  J.  0.  Bjjbl 


The  history  of  these  fake  Decretals,  the 
of  which  are  acknowledged  by  Bellarmin,  and  tti 
imposture  of  which  is  acKnowledged  by  BaraBin^ 
will  be  found  iu  Henry  Care's  JHodeH  JS^ioiwy, 
Whether  St,  Peter  were  ever  at  JRome,  1868,  4^ 
pp.  57-G8.  The  "jus  novum"  or  pseudo-Iado- 
rian  principle,  that  obedience  is  due  to  alltlis 
papal  decrees,  was  brought  in  by  tlie  Pope,Nic1uh 
las  1.,  d:3G  years  after  Christ.  See  also  Towns- 
end's  Ecclesiastical  and  Civil  History  philosophktiBk 
considercdf  ii.  c.  3 ;  Milman*8  History  of  LOtm 
CJiristianityy  ii.  373 ;  Prichard's  Life  and  Tinm 
of  Hincmary  Archbishop  pf  Mheims. 

BiBLIOTHECAB.  CSKIBAX. 

SwoRD  OF  THE  Black  Pbii^cb  (4"»  S.  iv.  36U 
I  have  no  means  of  referring  to  **  N.  &  Q."  1*  & 
i.  183,  but  may  observe,  that  in  addition  to  the 
information  conveyed  by  Mr.  Gibbovb,  there  is  I 
letter  of  Mr.  ]3arritt*s  on  this  subject  in  the  Om^ 
tlcman^s  Magazine  dated  Jan.  0  (probaUy  ahoat 
1770),  wherein  ho  says  it  is  '^bj  some  cidOsd 
the  Black  Prince's  sword ;  but  others,  with  nan 
certainty,  ascribe  it  to  Edward  son  of  Henry  IILi 
It  is  also  mentioned  in  Dean  Stanley's  Memsridt 
of  Canterburyy  where  a  letter  is  inserted  ftom  ft 
canon  of  Manchester  explanatory  of  ita  hiilOT* 
My  father  was  a  diligent  antiquanr,  and  saw  mk 
Barritt's  museum  on  May  17, 1806,  when  BCr.  & 
presented  him  with  an  engraving,  ezecutod  ty 
himself,  and  now  before  me,  wherein  he  ia 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  4,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


491 


sented  as  complacently  overlookiog  his  collection 
of  antiquities — the  sword  being  placed  in  a  pro- 
minent part,  and  showing  on  the  curved  blade 
Bome-  indication  of  an  animal  and  the  antique 
letters  edwabdts.  At  the  top  of  the  picture  is 
**  Profert  antiquas  in  apricum,"  in  old  English 
characters ;  and,  under  a  shield,  "  T.  B.  1794." 
After  Mr.  Barritt's  death  it  certainly  came  into  the 
possession  of  George  Wallis,  the  late  celebrated 
antiquary  and  gunsmith  of  Hull,  and  was  exhi- 
bited there  at  the  Mechanics'  Institute  in  1842. 
After  the  decease  of  Wallis,  the  greater  part  of 
bis  valuable  effects  was  secured  for  Lord  Londes- 
borough,  but  the  sword  was  not  included,  and 
was  most  probably  parted  with  before  the  general 
sale.  It  is  belieyed  to  be  in  Hull  or  the  neigh- 
bourhood, but  the  endeavour  to  find  it  has  hitherto 
been  unsuccessful,  though  there  is  still  hope  of  its 
discovery.  J.  F. 

Winterton. 

De  ScotenAlT  (4**»  S.  iii.  332.) — It  is  quite  clear 
that  if  Dugdale  and  Collins  are  right  in  malcing 
Frethesend  de  Scotenay  the  wife  of  Hugh  Wil- 
loughby  of  Willoughby,  she  must  have  been  his 
second  wife,  for  otherwise  her  son  and  heir,  Wil- 
liam Willoughby,  would  also  have  been  the  heir 
of  Willoughby,  which  we  know  that  he  was  notj 
both  from  his  inq.  post-mortem  in  1277,  and  from 
the  fact  that  the  owner  of  Willoughby  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  IH.  was  named  Robert.  I  would 
suggest  that  this  Robert  was  the  son  of  Hugh 
Willoughby  by  his  first  wife,  and  not  his  brother  as 
stated  by  Dugdale,  which  would  account  for  the 
descent  of  Willoughby  manor  to  Robert  and  his 
heirs,  and  would  (as  Collins  admits)  be  more  con- 
sistent with  dates. 

I  take  this  opportunity  of  clearing  up  the  con- 
fusion which  exists  in  the  received  pedigrees  of 
Willoughby  D'Eresby  about  the  wives  and  younger 
children  of  Robert  the  fourth  lord.  All  the  au* 
thorities  agree  that  his  first  wife,  who  was  the 
mother  of  his  son  and  heir,  was  named  Alice ; 
but  her  parentage  is  not  given  by  Dugdale,  and 
Collins  calls  her  the  daughter  of  Sir  William 
8kipwith.  It  has  been  proved,  however,  from  tha 
inq.  post-fnortem  of  Maud,  Countess  of  Oxford  in 
1412,  to  whom  her  grandson  Robert,  sixth  Lord 
Willoughby,  was  found  heir,  that  Alice  wae  tike 
only  sister  of  the  mother  of  tne  countess,  and  wae 
therefore  one  of  the  two  daughters  and  coheire  of 
John  Lord  Botetourt  bv  Maud  his  second  wife. 
(Collect.  Top.  et  Gen.  v.  155.)  Alice  mutt  haye 
been  for  a  very  short  time  a  wife,  for  her  eon  wae 
bom  in  1368-9,  and  her  husband  wae  in  1872 
only  twenty-three  years  old,  and  was  then  already 
married  to  his  second  wife  Margery,  who  le 
omitted  altogether  by  Dugdale.  It  ie»  therefarei 
quite  impossible  that  Alice  eould  have  been  t^ 
mother  of  Lord  WiUoughby's  four  jonnger  boom, 


and  it  is  difficult  to  nndentand  how  any  doubt 
could  exist  about  it.  Neither  could  tiliese  youngw 
sons  be  (as  Dugdale  states)  the  children  of  £lis»- 
beth  Lady  Willoughby,  the  third  wife,  who  was 
the  daughter  and  heir  of  Lord  Latimer,  for  it  was 
found  hj  her  inq.,  pod^mortem  tiiat  sue  had  bj 
Lord  Willoughby  an  only  child,  Mar^faret,  aged 
one  year  in  1886.  It  therefore  remaine  eertaki 
that  the  four  younger  sons  of  Robert  Lord  Wit* 
loughby  were  the  issue  of  his  second  wife  Alor- 
gery,  daughter  of  Lord  Zouch.  Tjswabs. 

''  Cbumblb/'  nr  Topogkaphioal  Naiqbs  (4^  S. 
iv.  836.) — I  fancy  it  is  to  the  Icelandic  we  muet 
turn  for  an  explanation  <^  this  name.  Nona 
names  are  of  frequent  occurrence  on  the  Sussex 
coast  Those  of  Lancashire  are  peculiarlj  Seas* 
dinavian.  There  is  CnumUme-hiUf  lierwusly 
Cromby — old  form  Crumby — and  AbercronaMi^ 
Fife,  Cromarty^  the  oonn^  of  that  name,  Crom* 
dalef  in  Moray,  CromaTf  Aberdeenshire,  OcNn6|L 
Banffshire,  Crambiebumf  Forfarshire,  Qramal  and 
Cromra,  LiTemesahire,  Croomla,  Isle  of  Arran, 
Buteshire,  and  CromMXf  near  DunUane,  in  aU  of 
which  ia  (bund  the  Scandinavian  proper  name 
JBrum^r,  the  original,  doubtless,  of  the  Lowland 
Scotch  eumames  Crum^  Croom,  Crambie^  Abrnr^. 
crwnbie,  Cramar,  and  OpmA,  The  r  final,  in  tha 
Norse  name,  placed  after  a  consonant,  beiqf 
merely  the  sign  <^  the  nominative  case.  Qumkm 
and  Ummkno^  names  probably  of  Teutonic  origiHy 
occur  in  the  Slayic  kingdom  of  Bohemia.  Crom- 
hal,  in  Glouoesterdiire,  appears  to  be«the  old 
Norse  name  JZhmiAofl-r,  fonmed  of  the  Seandiaft* 
yian  monosyllabie  naaee  J^rtfm-r  and  EMr, 
united  in  tha  manner  of  the  compound  Nona 
name  Malbidm.  This  last — being  the  namM 
Ifatt-r  apd  JEffom  oonjoined-^is  foond  in  the  name 
of  our  dty  thoioaghfare,  Holbom,  Holfaom-hiH, 
Cumberland,  Holbom,  Aberdeen,  aad  Holbom- 
head,  Cuthnees.  Constmcted  in  like  nuuuier  is 
the  name  of  the  Scotch  county  OlaekmannaK-- 
Claek-nuttma-B— whidi  ia  maidie  up  of  the  naaee 
Khk  and  Mam^  the  latter,  in  the  mthdogj  af 
Scaodinayia,  signifying  the  moon.  Die  terminal 
letter  n  lapsesents  obnonily  the  Danidi  definito 
article.  Croam^  in  Amn,  meana  ampiy  dM 
tomb  of  Kmmr,  la  being  the  word  kko,  Maihii^ 
thia  aignifieance,  found  to  ererf  diaiect  of  fha 
Teutonic,  Shorn  of  itaaimirate,  this  beoomealtfir 
«i^  Iflw,  aometiiBea  la.  Tli«reiaa%aBta-«toiie  Id 
Forfiuahire,  called  the  ^atamdnatana"  (ataadfaif 
atcme)  of  '^BalkeUaw,"  which  might  be  cited  m 
another  instaaoe  of  a  Noraeman'e  tomb.  Baflb- 
Itoto-dd  Nonename  MEXa  and  Afao,  in  tha  aaaaa 
of  tomb.  Thia  word  aottetimaa  naaana  a  hill  eg 
anunence.  Poadbly  a  lefeiieooe  to  Doomaiww 
book  wonld  elleit  tha  apdlhigoftUaMnBaOwMiH^ 
aa  fliat  iinpoaad, 

I  am  in  hope  that  tha  lodmuKeDMmmf^ 


492 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*»8.IY.  Ilaa4k*ni 


f/leasby  by  Mr.  Vigfusaon  will  do  much  to  dispel 
the  obscurity  that  clouds  the  origin  of  many  of 
those  names.  Hitherto  everything  of  an  archaic 
character  in  Scotland  has  been  called  CeUicy  and 
in  England  Saxon,  In  the  interest  of  truth,  how- 
ever, it  is  pleasing  to  observe  that  matters  are 
now  tending  in  an  opposite  direction  ;  the  Norse- 
men in  both  kingdoms,  and  not  Celt  and  Saxon, 
being,  as  I  believe,  our  true  progenitors. 

J.  Ck.  R. 

Arthiir  Barnardiston  (4**'  S.  iv.  oo7.) — I  am 
enabled  by  the  researches  of  a  friend  to  correct 
the  account  given  of  Arthur  Barnardiston  (the 
eighth  son  of  Sir  Nathaniel)  in  the  note  to  my 
query.  He  married  Mary  Lloyd  at  Westminster 
Abbey  on  Jan.  2, 1C71-2 ;  but  he  did  not  die  in 
1677,  for  he  was  buried  at  Ketton  on  Jan.  7, 
1691-2.  His  second  marriage  to  Mary  Ellis,  n6e 
Luke,  is  very  doubtful;  for  in  his  will,  dated 
Dec.  20,  1601  (only  eighteen  dajs  before  his 
burial),  the  first  bequest  is  to  *'  Mrs.  Mary  Ellis 
my  intended  wife."  But  what  evidence  is  there 
for  identifying  this  Arthur  Barnardiston  with  the 
Master  in  Chancery  of  1655  ?  I  find  an  Arthur 
Barnardiston,  with  his  wife  Joanna,  mentioned  in 
close  connection  with  the  well-known  Puritan 
John  Qoodwyn  of  Bletchingley  in  1653,  in  the 
will  of  one  of  the  contractors  for  the  sale  of  the 
bishop's  lands;  and  1  suspect  that  he  was  the 
Master  in  Chancery,  and  possibly  the  person 
buried  at  Ketton  on  Nov.  18, 1677.        Tewars. 

Dr.  William  Lewyn,  D.C.L.  (4*'»  S.  iv.  337.) 
I  fear  that,  in  my  desire  to  be  brief,  my  query  has 
been  obscure.  I  knew  that  Wood's  Fadi  Oxon, 
jumbled  together  into  one  person  Dr.  Wm.  Lewyn, 
the  Judge  Marshal  of  1639,  and  Dr.  Justinian 
Lewyn,  the  Master  in  Chancery ;  and  the  object 
of  my  query  was,  to  distinguish  them  from  each 
other.  Justinian  Lewvn  was  the  son  of  Wm. 
Lewyn  of  Smithfield,  l^ondon  (brother  of  Sir  Jus- 
tinian Ijewyn  of  Otterden,  Kent),  by  Sarah  his 
wife,  and  was  baptised  at  St.  Bartholomew-the- 
Less  on  Feb.  17,  1612-13.  He  was  executor  to 
his  father  Wm.  Lewyn  on  Jan.  25,  1637-8,  being 
then  a  Doctor  of  Laws,  and  was  appointed  a 
Master  in  Chancery  July  22,  1641.  He  was  re- 
stored to  this  office  on  May  31,  1660,  and  was 
knighted  on  May  12,  1661,  being  then  described 
as  Justinian  Lewyn  of  Ileigham,  in  Norfolk,  LL.D. 
(Hari.  MS.  5801,  fol.  40.)  He  died  Jan.  1, 1672-3, 
and  was  buried  on  the  next  day  in  the  chancel  of 
St.  Bartholomew's-the-Less.  Of  Dr.  Wm.  Lewyn 
I  know  nothing  more  than  is  stated  in  my  former 
query ;  but  1  have  not  been  able  to  consult  a  list 
ef  civilians  and  of  Masters  of  the  Court  of  Re- 
quests. Le  Neve,  in  his  pedigrees  of  knights 
(Harl.  MS.  5801),  gives  no  pedigree  of  Sir  Jus- 
tinian Lewyn ;  but  the  descent  is  fully  given  in 
the  Visitation  of  Kent,  1619,  with  Hasted's  addi- 


tions (Add.  MS.  in  Brit.  Mus.  5607.  IbL  2S6). 
This  pedigree  makes  no  mention  of  Br.  Wm; 
Lewyn,  the  Judge  Marshal;  but  it  aSioiild  lie 
observed,  that  it  also  difiers  materially  from  the 
account  given  by  Mr.  Cooper  of  the  paTentagis 
and  marriage  of  Dr.  Wm.  Lewyn  of  Otterden. 
{Athen,  Cant.,  ii.  246.)  TswABfl. 

Vebkoljb  (4«'  S.  iv.  135.)— In  the  Noiiee  dm 
TeUtleatix  du  Musie  Impirial  du  Louvre^  par  Fr6dL 
Villot  (2-  partie,  8«  ^diticm,  Paris,  1860,  p.  2H), 

are  — 

"  547.  Scene  d'intdrieur.  Signtf  J.  VerlEoljet  167& 
Ancicnnc  collection. 

**  548.  Proserpine  cueillant  des  flenrs  avec  aes  eon- 
pagmcs  dans  bi  pruiric  d'Enna.  Sifsn^  an  htm,  k  gauche^ 
N.  Verkolje.    CoUection  de  Louis  XVI." 

Chables  ViYiijr. 

41,  Eccleaton  Square. 

GARDENnro  Book  (4»»»  S.  iv.  274)--Tlie  Ixxdc 
yoiur  correspondent  Cobkvb.  wants  ia  ptobtUy 
Thdoric  et  Pratique  du  Jardmage,  iMX  L.  8.  A.  ^ 
J.  D.  A.  Hague,  1739,  small  &.  There  isa  mon 
modern  work  on  the  same  subject — Van  LaoTm 
Magazyn  von  I'uin  Sieraaden,  Amsterdam,  1802. 

H.H. 

Portsmouth. 

"Violet;  or,  tite  Danseusb"  (4*S. £▼.  171^ 
324,  397.)— The  author  of  Violet  is  certainly  M« 
Mr.  John  Lang,  the  author  of  Too  Clever  £y  i^t 
&c.  The  book  was  sent  to  him  by  a  member  oc 
a  well-known  family  at  Delhi,  and  was  publlahad 
in  the  Mofusdlit^y  under  the  head  of  ''Literatim;" 
all  Mr.  Lan^*s  (the  then  editor)  own  compoaitioM 
being  published  generally  with  his  namei  Iwft 
always  under  the  *'  Original  Literature  "  hea^ng; 
The  **'  Forger*s  Wife  *'  was  firstpublished  in  tliB 
Mofimilite  under  the  title  of  "  Emily  Orford." 

J.  A.  G. 

Having  been  told  on  the  authority  of  thoM 
who  should  know  best  that  John  Lang  nn* 
doubtedly  was  the  author  of  Vtolei,  I  belieTed  U 
unhesitatinglv,  even  as  I  believed  (on  the  aaino 
authority)  other  facts  respecting  him,  conoeniqc 
the  truth  of  which  there  can  be  no  queation ;  aaa 
in  this  faith  I  asserted  the  thing  as  confidently  it 
it  had  been  long  ago  asserted  to  me.  I  nrai 
admit,  however,  that  his  having  never  piM^ 
claimed  the  authorship  in  the  title-page  of  later 
works  in  the  usual  form  of  *'by  the  author  of 
J'ioletf^'  will  always  be  taken  as  pretty  ■trong 
evidence  (of  the  negative  kind)  of  hu  being 
really  the  author.  Circumstances  there  majf  ham 
been  which,  if  known,  might  explain  thia  — «fl«1«> 
reserve;  but,  on  the  other  hand,  I  am  ao  wdl 
aware  that  the  nearest  of  connections  are 


now  and  then  deceived,  or  deceive  themaelfoai  OA 
points  respecting  which  we  should  mj  aft  nt 
sight  it  was  impossible  they  should  be  deoeivi^ 
that  I  must,  for  the  present  at  leaati  * 


4«>»S.1V.   Dec.  4, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


49^ 


my  "  certainty "  into  a  state  of  "  philosophic 
doubt."  As  regards  the  "internal  evidence" 
afforded  by  the  writing,  style,  and  whole  composi- 
tion of  Violet  itself,  I  must  confess  myself  unable  to 
give  any  opinion ;  for,  though  at  one  time  in  my 
life  "  persecuted  "  by  half  tne  women  of  my  ac- 
quaintance to  read  '^  that  sweet  story,"  a  lurking 
doubt  as  to  whether  my  admiration  of  said 
"  sweet  story  '*  would  prove  as  thorough-going  as 
was  expected  caused  me  to  deem  it  "  more  pru- 
dent," if  I  valued  their  sympathy,  to  leave  the 
tale — a  sad  one  enough,  I  knew — unread. 

NOELL  RADECLIFFE. 
141,  Hampstead  Koad,  X.W. 

Rachel  weeping  for  her  Children  (4***  S. 
iv.  t3G3.) — The  passage  iu  Jeremiah  (xxxi.  16)  is 
repeated  in  Matthew  (ii.  18),  in  which  the  locali- 
ties are  distinctly  marked,  RacheFs  tomb  being 
about  the  same  distance  south  of  Jerusalem  as 
Ramah  (=Arimathea)  was  to  the  north  of  that 
city.  Ramah  belonged  to  the  tribe  of  Benjamin 
(Jos.  xviii.  25),  was  near  Bethel  (Jud.  iv.  5),  and 
to  Gibea  (1  Sam.  xix.  13),  not  far  from  Jerusalem 
(Joseph.  Antiq.  viii.  12-3)  ;  and  from  this  Ramah 
the  Jews  were  led  in  chains  to  Babylon  (Is.  xl.  1.) 
Rachel  was  an  historical  peinsonage,  whose  sepul- 
cre  was  near  Ramah  (Gen.  xxxv.  17-19 ;  1  Sam. 
X.  2-3.)  Jeremiah  wrote  this  B.C.  600,  and  Rachel 
was  buried  B.C.  1732,  having  died  in  giving  birth 
to  Benjamin. 

Thus  much  for  history,  and  now  for  mytho- 
logy. Homer  (b.c.  944)  has  given  the  fable  of 
Niobe  (//.  xxiv.  G02-G20),  and  Ovid  {Met,  vi. 
146-312)  has  embellished  it,  ending  with  the 
words  — 

"  Ubi  fixa  cacumine  mentis 
Liquitur,  et  lacrymas  etiamnum  mannora  manant." 

"  There  being  fixed  on  a  mountain's  top  she  dis- 
solves, and  the  marble  stUl  drops  tears."  As 
x^iobe*s  sufferings  by  the  loss  of  her  children,  and 
her  subsequent  transformation  into  stone,  arose 
from  her  contempt  of  Latona  (=  night),  the 
mother  of  Apollo  and  Diana  (=  sun  and  moon), 
we  must  look  for  a  geological  or  geographical 
solution  of  this  story.  Pausanius  supplies  this, 
for  he  says  (i.  21.  6)  that  the  rock  Sipylus  in 
Lvdia  which  went  by  the  name  of  Niobe,  and 
which  he  visited,  was  merely  a  rock  and  precipice 
when  one  came  close  up  to  it,  and  bore  no  re- 
semblance at  all  to  a  woman  j  but  at  a  distance 
you  might  imagine  it  to  be  a  woman  weeping, 
with  downcast  countenance. 

It  was  not  till  B.C.  oGO  that  under  Pisistratus 
and  his  son  Hipparchus  the  Homeric  poems  were 
collected,  forty- six  years  after  Jeremiah  wrote. 
Jeremiah  was  not  carried  away  captive,  but  re- 
mained in  Judrea;  although,  near  tne  end  of  his 
life,  he  went  (b.c.  588)  with  other  Jews  to  Tah- 
panhas  (=  Daphne)  near  Pelusium  in  Egypt  (Jer. 


xliii.  S.')  Generally,  it  may  be  affirmed  of  the  Jews^ 
that  although  in  a  later  age  than  Jeremiah's, 
they  adopted  some  Greek  words,*  there  ia  no 
evidence  that,  for  many  centuries  before  Christ, 
they  had  any  knowledge  of  Greek  fables:  as  a 
nation  they  would  then,  as  now,  treat  them  aa 
absurdities,  and  not  to  be  put  in  comparison  with, 
much  less  adopt  one  of  them  as  part  of  prophecy 
on  so  absorbing  a  subject  to  the  Jews  as  the 
captivity  in  Babylon,  or  the  restitution  of  their 
kingdom  in  Jerusalem.  T.  J.  Buckton. 

John  WiLLME  (4*>'  S.  iv.  265.)— John  Willm^ 
of  Martinscroft,  which  is  a  hanuet  in  the  parish 
of  Warrington,  died  Sept.  27,  1767,  as  appears 
from  his  tombstone  in  Warrinj^n  churcnyard*. 
So  far  I  have  full  confidence  m  my  authority  j 
but  I  will  not  vouch  for  all  that  follows  the  an- 
nouncement— namely,  that  he  — 

"  was  distinguished  by  uncommon  talent,  arduous  assi- 
duity, and  unwearied  application,  especially  in  the  science* 
of  the  mathematics,  and  by  manv  learned  and  curious 
performances :  he  was  equalled  by  few — by  fewer  ex- 
ceUed." 

His  name  was  first  mentioned  to  me  upwarda^ 
of  twenty  years  ago,  while  I  was  collecting,  for 
local  purposes,  notices  of  literary  persons  con- 
nected with  this  neighbourhood,  when  I  was  told 
by  a  very  old  inhabitant  of  Warrington  that  he 
remembered  reading,  when  a  boy,  a  work  in  his 
father's  possession,  of  which  Mr.  Willme  was  the 
author,  partly  on  religious  and  partly  on  astrono- 
mical subjects.  My  informant  was  not  an  edu- 
cated person,  and  therefore  not  likely  to  have- 
given  a  very  clear  account  of  the  book,  even  if  he 
had  recently  examined  it ;  but  his  description  seems 
to  agree  accurately  enough  with  that  given  by 
your  correspondent  of  '^  Sepherah  Shelosh.'^ 

J.  F.  M, 

Warrington, 

Milton's  Granddaijohter  (4***  S.iv.  134,326.) 
Only  one  performance  took  place  for  the  benefit  of 
Mrs.  Forster.  It  was  at  Dniry  Lane,  under  the 
management  of  Garrick,  April  5, 1760.  The  re- 
ceipts of  the  house  were  147/.  14«.  Qd.j  from  which 
80a  had  to  be  deducted  for  expenses.  The  sum 
was  afterwards  made  up  to  130/.  of  which  IQOh 
was  placed  in  the  Stocks  for  the  benefit  of  Mrs-* 
Forster,  the  rest  handed  over  to  her  for  current 
use.  Edwabd  F.  Rimbault. 

The  assertion  that  John  Button,  the  Cumber- 
land poet, ''  sought  out  a  granddaughter  of  Miltoa 
in  distressed  circumstances  in  1750"  throws  a 
doubt  on  the  entire  paraffraph  quoted  from  lAmd 
and  Water.   Mrs.  Forster  had  already  been  sought 

*  The  books  of  Esther,  Ezra,  and  Daniel,  which  con- 
tain some  Persian  and  Greek  words,  belong  to  about  170 
B.C.    (Eichbom,  Apok»  A,  T,,  p.  8.) 


494 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4Aft.IT.  DM&4^'«ftr 


out,  and  full  information  as  to  her  circumstances 
and  family  given  to  the  public  by  Bishop  Newton, 
in  the  life  of  Milton  prefixed  to  his  edition  of 
Paradise  Lost^  the  dedication  of  which  is  dated 
May  20,  1740;  and  it  was  mainly  to  him  and 
Dr.  Birch  that  she  was  indebted  for  suggesting 
the  acting  of  Comns  on  April  6,  1760,  when  Gar- 
rick  spoke  Johnson's  prologue.  That  there  was 
any  earlier  or  other  acting  of  the  piece  for  her 
benefit  n^mnins  to  be  shown. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  know  what  evidence  there  is 
of  any  adaptation  of  Comus  by  John  iJutton 
having  been  publicly  acted.  There  is  no  notice 
of  it  in  the  liiographia  Dramatica,  and  it  seems 
highly  improbable  that  it  should  have  displaced 
the  well-known  adaptation  by  Dr.  Baron,  pub- 
lished by  Dodsley  in  1738,  and  which,  with  Dr. 
Amc*3  music,  seems  to  have  kept  possession  of 
the  stage  until  at  least  1760 ;  for  I  write  with  an 
edition  of  that  date,  as  well  as  the  original  edition, 
before  nie.  The  first  edition  has  dramatis  personce 
comprising  Mr.  Qiiin,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gibber,  Mrs. 
Ame,  Mrs.  Olive,  &c. ;  and  the  1760  edition  has 
a  prologue  and  an  epilogue  to  bo  spoken  by  Mrs. 
Clive  in  the  character  of  Euphrosyne.     J.  F.  M. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  ETC. 

Thomas  TTnod,    Illustrated  by  Gnstave  Dord.     (Moxon, 
Son,  &  C«.) 

The  time  is  gone  by  for  expatiating  on  the  genius  of 
cither  Thomas  Hood  or  Gtutave  Dor^ ;  and  though  the 
conjunction  of  their  names  in  this  beautiful  volume  might 
wcU  provoke  an  inquir}'  into  the  points  of  agreement  and 
divergence  in  the  respective  minds  of  these  two  groat 
masters  of  humour  and  pathos,  our  space  forbids  us  enter- 
ing upon  any  such  consideration ;  and  we  must  content 
ourselves  with  admiring  the  consummate  skill  with  which 
the  untiring  pencil  and  never-flagging  imagination  of 
the  artist  have  illustrated  the  pathetic  utterings  of  the 

E>et.  The  volume  contains  nine  admirable  pictures  by 
ore ;  no  less  than  two  out  of  the  nine  being  illustrations 
of  that  short  tragic  homily,  one  of  the  most  solemn  ever 
preached  to  dissolute  man,  **  The  Bridge  of  Sighs."  Of 
these,  the  one  which  the  publishers  have  judiciously  made 
the  frontispiece  of  the  book,  showing  how  and  wheVc  they 
•*  take  her  up  tenderly,"  is  full  of  grace,  and  a  reverent 
gentleness  quite  in  harmony  with  the  poem.  Tiie  second 
one,  where  — 

**  The  bleak  winds  of  March 
Make  her  tremble  and  shiver, 
J^ut  not  the  dark  arch 
Or  the  black  flowing  river  " — 

is  scarcely  less  effective.  The  treatment  of  "  The  Song 
of  the.  Shirt "  is  of  a  kindred  nature,  and  striking  from  its 
simplicity — the  poor  sempstress's  lament, 

*•  No  blessed  hour  for  love  or  hope," 

beinj^  very  boldly  symbolised.    **  Kutli "  is  a  picture  of 
great  beauty;  while  the  illustrations  of  "The  Lady's 
Dream,"  "  (^leen  Mab,"  and  the  "  Ode  to  Melancholv,"  , 
reflect  far  more  strongly  the  imaginative  character  which  ' 


marks  Dore*s  treatment  of  aach  sabjects.  thit  mne  wSaf 
be  said  of  the  two  remaining  illustimtions,  ^  The  HaaaM 
House  "  and  "  The  Dream  of  Eugene  Aram."  Beadei*  «f 
excitable  temperament  should  be  warned  against  jpa^ 
(lering  over  these  towards  the  witching  hoars  of  mghfi 
lest,  like  the  unhappy  murderer,  they  should  again  •^ 

"  Sec  the  dead  in  the  river  bed. 
For  the  faithless  stream  was  drr.*' 

m 

But  we  must  not  pass  over  one  of  the  ino.4  strlUay 
features  of  the  book— the  head  and  tail  pioees  to  the 
several  pocm^  which  are  quite  as  saggestive  and  ftdl  of 
power  as  are  the  larger  engravings  to  which  we  hart 
called  attcntiun.  The  book  is  one  destined  to  taka  the 
foremost  rank  among  the  Books  of  Beanty  of  the  pi 
season. 


Historical  Maps  of  England  dmring  Ae  Jfnt 

Centuries.  tUth  explanatory  Essays  and  Imiieet  fa 
Charles  Pcamon,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Oriel  College,  OxIM. 
(Bell  &  Daldy.) 

The  work  before  us  contains  cleverly  engraved  Maps  of 
Roman  Britain,  Keltic  Britain,  Saxon  England,  Normn 
England,  and  Monastic  England,  each  being  aceonpniad 
by  an  illustrative  Essay,  and  what  is  soaroely  Ima  lai' 
])ortant,  an  Index.  Of  the  valoe  of  a  work  of  tUa  efa» 
racter,  not  only  to  the  higher  classes  in  Bchoolt  and 
students  at  our  Universities,  but  to  all  who  take  aft 
interest  in  studying  our  historv  and  antfqnitiee,  then 
can  be  no  question,  provided  the  editor  brings  to  Ihi 
preparation  of  the  work  not  only  the  necessity  ialbnifr- 
tion  but  due  care  and  attention.  That  Masaiia.  BuZ(& 
Daldt  may  confidently  recommend  the  work  before  W 
on  the  grounds  that  these  conditions  have  been  Adflli^ 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  since  they  have  been  fortaMlt 
enough  to  secure  the  services  of  Mr.  PearMD«  wbo  Im 
brougnt  to  the  task  not  only  his  own  great  knoidedM  if 
the  subject,  but  the  assistance  of  many  other  eoUMHt 
scholars.  The  work  is  a  valuable  addition  to  our 
books  of  reference  on  English  History. 


several  strong  claims  to  pnhlic  fisvour  on  the  ground  that 
throughout  the  work  the  histoi^  and  geogimphr  ef  Ikl 
Briti  h  Islands  are  taught  in  conjunction ;  that  the  ' 
teen  centuries  of  our  histonr  are  taught  with  an  a| 
to  uniformity,  and  that  it  is  based  on  origind 
among  original  authorities. 

Varieties  of  Irish  History  from  Amdtmlt  mmd 
Sources  and  Original  Documents,  by  James  J, 
(Kelly,  Dublin,)  is  a  pleasant  omnium  yatlUntm6C 
rical,  topographical,  archsological,  and  perMmal  m 
tions  of  Bra3',  Howth,  Kingstown,  Killinsy,  and  Dalhijf  | 
of  which  the  lost,  with  its  revels,  Iduga^  Ac.,  Is  Ww 
means  the  least  interesting  portion. 

Whitaker's  Almanack  for  the  Year  of  Omr  Lani  187^ 
(Whitukcr,)  completely  maintains  the  high  dugmdbm 
awarded  to  it  last  year  for  the  fulness  and  aocmm^of  tti 
general,  parliamentary,  official,  and  colonial  inlbrmittai. 


Lectures  on  the  English  Poets  and  ike  SmgUth   i 
Writers  by  William  Hazlitt.    A  New  EdiHmu  EdSkiW 
\V.  Carew  Hazlitt  (Bell  <&  Daldy),  will  be  a  vwf  vst^ 
come  volume  to  the  admirers  of  a  very  remaikabfa 
to  whom  scant  justice  was  rendned  by  many  of  Us 
temporaries. 

I^NGLisii   Satirical  PaniTS  and  Cabioa' 
Those  who  know  how  mu(^  light  the  works  of  the 
whether  with  pen  or  pencil,  throw  on  the  more 
parts  of  our  hu«ton',  and  who  shared  oar  satiiflu 
learning  that  the  late  Mr.  Hawkins's  anrirallsd 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  4,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE8. 


4M 


tion  of  caricatures  had  been  Mcnred  for  the  British 
Museum,  will  rejoice  to  learn  that  Mr.  Reid,  the  ket^r 
of  the  prints,  is  so  far  advanced  with  a  Catakigiie  of  the 
Caricatures  and  Satirical  Prints  preserved  in  tbenotiontl 
collection  that  the  first  volume,  which  embraces  thoee 
from  the  reipi  of  Elizabeth  to  the  end  of  ChaileB  IL, 
will  be  ready  for  delivery  early  in  the  ensuing  year. 

Btron's  EicoLisH  Bards. — We  are  glad  to  lend  onr 
aid  to  The  Atherumm  in  its  endeavours  to  ascertain  the 
present  whereabouts  of  a  book,  of  which  it  sars  it  is 
almost  as  well  worth  inquiring  after  as  the  Charlemagne 
Bible.  The  mother  of  Lord  Byron  collected  all  the  cri- 
ticisms on  her  son's  Hours  of  IdtemeM,  She  had  the 
whole  bound  and  interleaved.  On  the  blank  leaves  so 
inserted  she  wrote  her  own  comments  on  the  poet,  the 
poem,  and  the  reviewers.  These  are  said  to  have  been 
written  ^vitb  wit  and  ability.  Does  any  one  know  of  the 
whereabouts  of  this  volume? 

New  Postage  SrAwr.— The  Post-office  anthorities 
are  preparing;  a  halfpenny  stamp  for  printed  matter. 
This  is  a  great  boon,  and  we  should  think  the  demand  for 
cheapness  could  no  lower  go.  The  Belgian  poet-oflloe, 
however,  has  just  issued  a  new  series  of  postage  stamps,  in- 
cluding, fur  the  conveyance  of  printed  matter  (mly,  a  green 
stamp  of  one  centime  (the  tenth  of  a  penny),  a  Uae 
stamp  of  two  centimes,  an  amber  stamp  or  five  eentimes, 
a  carmine  stamp  of  six  centimes,  and  a  riolet  stamp  of 
eight  centimes.  The  stamps  for  letters  exhibit  a  portaralt 
of  the  King  (which  those  for  printed  matter  do  not),  and 
are  of  the  same  colours  with  prices  up  to  one  franc 

PuoFEsson  St  u  BBS,  of  Oriel  College,  whose  admirable 
Regiitrum  Sacrum  Anglicanum  is  not  nearly  so  well 
known  as  it  deserves  to  be,  was  elected  on  Kor.  SO,  1869, 
a  Curator  of  the  Bodleian  Libraiy,  in  the  |daoe  of  Ifr. 
Coninj^ton,  of  Christ  Church  College,  deceased.  Ifr.  Cal- 
verley,  of  Christ  Church  College,  was  re-elected  as  **  Cara- 
tor  Cistte  Academics." 

•'  Old  Mortality." — We  learn  from  The  Senitman 
that  the  publishing  firm  of  Messrs.  A.  &  C.  Black  have 
just  done  a  kindly  deed  to  mark  the  spot  where  rest  the 
remains  of  Robert  Paterson,  the  Old  Mortality  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott's  novel— a  deed  similar  to  that  of  the  great 
Wizard  himself  when  he  caused  to  be  erected  in  the 
churchyard  of  Irongray,  stewartry  of  Kirkcudbright,  a 
tombstone  over  the  resting-place  of  Helen  Walker,  the 
prototype  of  Jeanic  Deans.  The  venerable  reooTator  of 
the  tombs  of  the  Covenanters,  in  the  last  of  his  perogprinm- 
tions  at  his  hallowed  work,  was  in  tibie  neigfaboorfaood  of 
Bunkend,  parish  of  Carlaverock,  abont  eight  miles  from 
Dumfries,  when  he  was  seized  with  illness,  and  was 
found  on  the  roadside.  He  was  removed  to  a  friendly 
house,  where  he  died  in  a  few  days,  and  was  interred  in 
the  churchyard  of  Carlaverock.  No  stone  marks  the 
s{>ot  where  he  reposes ;  but  the  particular  place  is  known. 
Messrs.  A.  &  C.  Black  recently  gave  orders  that  a 
monument  should  be  placed  over  Old  Mortalitv*!  gimTe, 
and  with  good  taste  directed  that  the  menoiial  Hioald 
be  in  keeping  with  the  simple  taste  of  him  it  was  desigiied 
to  commemorate.  In  accordance  with  MBsaBt.  Blaok'b 
iui^tructions,  Mr.  Thomas  M*Meekan,  monomental  mason, 
Buccleuch  Street,  Dumfries,  has  finished  a  headstone  of 
red  freestone,  which  will  be  placed  this  week  biCn* 
laverock  churchyard.  The  stone  has  a  eircolar  top  with 
a  beaded  moulding.  Near  the  upper  part  ai  the  stOM  a 
mallet  and  chisel,  crossed,  are  cot  in  relish  and  nador* 
neath  is  the  following  inscription :— ^'  Ereeted  to  the 
memory  of  Robert  Paterson,  the  Old  Mortality  of  fUf 
Walter  Scott,  who  was  buried  here,  Febmaiy.  idOI." 

Mr.  Lawrrkce  Phii^ups,  the  Editor  of  "ThePba* 
tographic    Album,"  announces  a  new   <*  Dietloiiaiy  of 


Bfographioal  Refereooe,*  the  ^m  and  laportaiiM  of 
which,  according  to  the  Prospaotas,  will  be  heat  per- 
ceived when  it  is  stated  that  the  namber  of  aamia 
exceeds  by  more  thtm  /brtjf  tkmuami  tlioee  oonteiiied  la 
the  most  voluminous  ezisong  works  upon  the  snb^eol  s 
and  of  these  a  large  propoctioD  an  derived  from  origfaul 
and  hitherto  unexplorea  sources. 

The  yaluable  thedogieal  Llbranr,  consisting  of  1195 
Tolnmes  of  rare  and  valuable  works  bequeathed  by  the 
late  Bishop  of  Exeter  to  the  diocese  over  which  he  pr^ 
sided  fbr  so  many  vears,  has  been  removed  to  Truro, 
whoe  a  suitable  buildiDg  is  being  prepared  for  its  recep- 
tion. 

At  the  sale  of  the  libianr  of  the  late  Rer.  Dr.  Tod^ 
the  books  fetched  prices  Ux  nigiier  than  was  ever  known 
inDabUn.  His  Irish  MBS.  leaHsed  7801^  and  his  inter- 
leaved copy  of  Ware,-richl7  annotated  by  Dr.  Todd,  pro- 
duced no  less  than  AWL  It  was  bought  for  the  Univenity 
Libraiy.  0*Conor's  **  Scriptores  Hibemia  *'  fetched  862. ; 
Flemi^s  **  CoUeeUnea  Saera,"  701.  i  the  ^Ritual  of  St. 
Patrid?s  Cathedral,"  dated  1858,  sold  for  78£.  lOs. ;  the 
*<BookofLisoiore.''48£.10s.;  andthe^BookofCkmmae- 
noise,"  ^\L  lOs.  Many  of  the  MSS.  were  copied  for  Dr. 
Todd  firom  unique  MSS.  in  the  publio  lihnuMi  oi  £Dg» 
land,  Ireland,  and  Belgium. 

Thb  Pall  Mall  Gaxbttb.  On  and  after  the  lat  of 
January,  1870,  this  Journal— altered  in  form  and  greatly 
enlarged,  in  accordance  with  its  wider  scope  and  iJie  in- 
creased yariety  of  its  contenta— will  appear  as  a  Momiiig 
Journal,  price  twopence.  The  publication  o^  the  Pall 
Mall  Gajbettb  willbe  oontlnuea  as  an  Evening  Joonud^ 

Art  and  Ascbjboloot  are  Just  now  attracting  great 
atteatkai.  Neztweek  the  aathoritka  at  Cambridge  i^ 
it  Is  understood,  proceed  to  the  election  of  "  The  Slada 
Professorship" ;  while  we  learn  from  Oxford  that  Mr; 
J.  H.  Pariker.  whoee  servioes  to  arohaology  at  homa.  and 
more  recent  labours  at  Rome,  have  secured  him  an  EaRH> 
pean  reputation,  has  olfored  to  endow  the  keepordiip  of 
the  Old  Adkmoleaa  Mnsenm,  In  Oxford  Unlventty,  wllii 
a  sdpad  of  2M/.  per  annom,  the  keeper  befaig  reqaiiad 
to  provide  ooeaslooal  lectures  on  points  of  arohieokgy, 
whidi  mMf  be  iUnstrated  by  ejects  in  the  muaeum. 

On  Tuesday  last,  St.  Andrew's  Day,  the  Amdvenary 
of  the  Royal  Society,  the  several  gentlonan  reconnMndad 
for  that  honour  were  duly  sleeted  at  the  CoaneD  for  the 
ensuing  year ;  and  the  Coplfly  Medal  was  awarded  to 
M.  Henri  Victor  Regaaalt  of  Paris,  who  had  on  a  p>i- 
viooi  oooadon  ncdved  the  Ranrfbrd  MedaL  The  Royal 
Medals  were  awarded  to  Sir  Thomas  Maelear,  AMnao- 
BMr  Royal  at  the  Cm  of  Qood  Hopsb  and  to  Dr. 
Aagostaa  MalthleaeB,  laetar*  on  Ghnditiy  to  fit 
BartholooMwIs  Hospital,  tat  their  valaaMe  rtiSirohw  In 
aitionoay  and  ehemlstiy  nipeetiviiy. 

MmMBAL  TO  Da.  GoALitEaa.— On  Tuesday  a  meet- 
ing was  held  at  Edlnhni|rii«  under  the  Prssldenoy  of  Uie 
Earl  of  DalhoQsle,  when  it  was  unanimously  resolved  to 
take  atepe  for  the  ereetlen  of  a  stetae  of  the  late  Dfer. 
GhdoMnb «  *  national  trlbnte  of  leipeet  to  his  msnoiy. 


BOOKS  AND    ODD  VOLUMES 

WAVXni  10  FUBOSAai* 

.«f  llN  MipwtacBoriBils  ke  tHtl  dims  •• 


9mmr 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


Ci*fl.lT.  D«i.^m 


.EaiUrii.  ml  of  tht  Sac 


fiatitsi  to  earrr^oidrtnU. 


1  the  ViaidUT^Oir  ftilnjllonjot  tht 


U  ii  1*1  eorrfet  ^•rnAw,  "tC'** 


■:«ia'- 


IfOOOOE'S  FULUCKno  WAnui.— MMn.  Bell  K  Co.,  A-'Cmii  Shiirc 
BttMLOrwpbchlJ*OT.g^M>UigTi«i''AjrenlhiHMiwkninrwMthf 

Inni^  nintaa»lbunlmmidSi!Tnllntd%*)Ia>lM>->>Vr 
atmatantXlr  la  nimVrt  in  Om  mnuth-  Ti>  tnmtrm  u4  public  ipfiikm 
thtj  ut  loTftliuhk  for  c1>«dna  and  atrvafOinlpc  tH  voice.  Thtr 
ban  ■  pltuiui  uitt,   rrk>  ii.  il<r..  u.  nr..  ii.  u..  ma  ii>.  [xr  l»i. 


I>AEE  COUNTY  HISTORIES.— Nichols's  Leic™. 
■niekiUifi.  bv  TIhiiiih  |1n>lB.i  Omrm^  CherillR'3  vnb.  ■  Wuncr't 
HnaptMie,  ■nI>.inii^q''>IInMiiiMili«rS!iM'>Enl.  ItkI'.i 
MHinInK  ftnt  Bi«r^  ikinni  a  tolLt  Ni^^  wovMfnUR,  i  toI«.j 
vid  otiUT  rtn  CHHtf  lllibirlfi  Hid  TaliaWf  Bnoti  In  enrr  depiiit- 

TUOMASBIiET,ll,CiiBdiiUilliRt.Boii4tl|nH.Ididiin,W. 


TP"    HARPICR'K  CATALOGUE  of  BOOKS,  Thpo- 


IBE  BIAKDABD  WOBX  OS  SAOH. 

LiriF  cnm  Ini,  ],l«|ip.,do(h.IK*  itrlhlOtta*,  lib 

TOWNSEfJD'S   MANUAL   OF   DATB8.     TKri 
EillllDn.    In  tTila  ati  cJiMoB>  which  li  bmhwJ  laKlinvbPI 
thin  tlH«rl(liul.Iht  number  or  DtiUsetAlptateGlARMinBSn 
IniTH-rd  rmi,  lAQ  u  Ufili.  Ibi  wImIi  wmk  iiiaiilU*.  (niTSM 
reriled,  and  f  i-nr  niUtct  R-uunlncd  ftam  tha  ^iSa  ■BlbirHn 
~  A  nrr  CDplinia  boDk  of  >ttetl«."-ni7)*iltr  MifvaM- 


ELUCIDATION  OF  TQ£  BYBOIT  UTSTXBT. 

M  E  B  0  B  A™^  I  GH. 

A  IIISTOitT  AND  AN  AUTOBIOGBAPHT. 

Edited  by  DR.  CHARLES  HAGKAT. 

KICIIAHD   BENTLEV.  Naw 


New  ready.  Dric*  Osa  SUIllBb 
fTHIRTEEN   at  TABLE:    Th«  SUot  of   ■  1 


II.  Or^ntiTlindi'i  Yirr  ireal  Dli 


gotnlinnit.    WBk  nag  >»■ 


J.rar 


k  RtCUARIHOK,  O 


fTHE  YORKSHIRE  LIBRARY;  &  Bibli< 

BlMiaphjr.  Siawi,  (IfliliKj.  Bo^^wijn,- 
eellaDnui  LfWialun  rtliani  to  Ibi  OniBtTO 
aiHl  NaUi  1^  Ihe  Buiki  and  ADtlnn.  bj  wfu 


;^^ 


£k5"- 


^1<^<™<l°i'<>  or  Stab  of  all  (lia  iBmoMid  I^^arf 

tlie  Mmo,  with  additioDi]  FhotoKraphi,  af 
noma.  l?**"*°ffi°'g  "mL^ 


■hlie."  "Ttte  IJcancrr  of  Di 

hy  IlliirRV»lllTII.afi(^  

The  EJlUnp  bcjnr  llmlMJ  ti»  "L^fftJ*— W  MriMlba  h  i^ 
ininifd  hai  Zd<M™iai!Hrur  to  thaivln. bwIiwUL*(^WMS 

2"r.«illtetS^d'u»it'to"ol3lSlSSV!Y5i3ffiffi^^ 


4*  S.  IV.  Deo.  11.'69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


BIESSBS.  I^TTX  &  BALDTS  GHBIBTHAS  IIST. 


MOITNTAIN,    LOCH,     AND    GLEN,    illmrtrtting 

iHi  (bi  llinlilauds  mud  Hl(£\i^d^  W  UK  *BEV.  HORUAK  ItAC- 
LEIID. ah.. one  nf  lliiBiJrili'i ChiflalDi.    llo. pria M.  k. 

TH}':  SHEEPSHANKS  QALLEBY.  fi~'t-i"i"e 
FL.\XSL\N'S  CLASSICAL  COMPOSITIONS.  Cotb- 
NEWand  RARE  BEAUTrFUL-LEAYED  PLANTS. 

Till'  NUuiil  IILUon.  CvlIinllDii,  uA  PmuukiB  of  Ilia  lairf 
Unumenul-FDlLutd  Pluiu.  nol  MllHrUi  acAid  In  Hvriigdlit 
wivti.    Ui  XHIRCET  UIBBEBD.  F.B.H.S.    IVtlh  M  nqidlMl 


I\"S  ART  of  ILLinUMATlOH,  *•  fJ^  fc^^  ^ 

MiiWH  a™.    Wltfc  ■DwIiiUo.of  ^iCSSijW       "t. 

THE  I'.VSSION  of  OUB  LORD  JESUS 


NEW  BOOKS  FOB  YOVSQ  rSOtLS. 

MADAM   HOW   and  LAUT   WHY;    w,  fint 

I^wm  in  Euth  Ijin  <br  ChUdm.    Br  IbiBZV.  a  OIRH- 


THK  BOYS  of  AXLEFCBD,    BtCsuom 
-■     '    i«,«B.l.,Hl     ■ 

ANUERSEN'S   FAIRY   TALES  mkI  8 


HORACE— Um  SOirw   uid   B^«Um.    Tnuulatad 
THE  LU>IBS  inPASUAMENT,  and  dtiwr  Rmm. 

TBffiJS^ti  M»l«f  afTiljS^iSl!!  QmhrBii  'M  AbBS 
THE   EPIflRAMHATIErES:  k  Selection  from  tli» 


ig5i6SS53!LS'3^^iS5sS« 


a  HOBAXn  FLAOCa  OPEaA.     Slnvtrntad  ftoB 


aSOBaB (ntUlZ8EANH78TABrJB-BOOg.  Edittd 
aBOBOB  OBDIKSHANEB  OHKIBUa     Editri 

k^UX  ■UMHAXD.  mkMIDiiMttaiaBnMlBt 

aSOSaE  CBtHEaEABKB   PAIBY   UBBABT. 

THBBAUiADCVipKDBATJBlUH.    HhilsMid 
A   CATALOGUE  OF   BTCEmOS.      Br  Qmmh 


THE  UFB  OF  FIZABBO,  with  woa  AoeosBt  at 

111   -    III- II   •    1—  -•*"—     lw»»*fMu».«ii™ 

THB  UFB  OFLAS  OABAfl^  tha  AfoaUa  of  tb* 


London:  BELL  *  DUVT,  Yak  Stmli  Const  CtatdM. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


ll^B.lV.Oma.llt'm. 


Mn.  Maiy  Orownlo — who  may  be  conaideied  ta 
among'  the  chief  patrons  of  the  art  at  the  time  of 
the  pQblicatioii.  One  of  the  pieces  in  the  book, 
entitled  "  The  Queen's  Command,"  has  particular 
interest,  both  from  its  name  and  the  composer — 
Orlando  Gibbons. 

Tbe  second  Parihaua  —  the  unique  copy  of 
which  is  now  before  me— has  escaped  the  notice 
of  all  collectoTB  and  bibliographers ;  at  least  it  is 
not  to  be  traced  in  any  of  the  numerous  works  I 
have  consulted.     Its  full  title  is  this : — 

■*  Parthenia  In-violata,  or  MsyiJsn-Unaicke  for  the  Vii- 


As  all  yoor  miuique  sound  your  Mnk 
Then  i»  the     ' 
^V'hen  then 


Then  U  there  true  compoeure  of  the  parb 
bcie's  an  L^qaillbsiiDoa;  ofliearl 
And  that  the  sacred  a 


iB  Eaith  you  strike  y'  •anie 

"Printed  at  London  for  John  I'vpei. 
>oU  It  his  shopp  at  Pauls  pate  next  nnio  Chcaipiidc  at 
the  Crosee  Keies.     C«hi  prtdltgio:'     Obi.  quarto. 

This  work   is  entirely  engraved   upon   copper 

Ilatea,  and,  like  its  predecessor,  it  baa  no  date, 
n  place  of  the  lady  playing  upon  the  virginals  in 
the  former  book,  it  has  an  engravinji  of  a  \irgianl 
covered  with  musie-booJiB,  side  by  tide  with  a 
baaa  viol.  The  n.imo  of  the  engraver,  Robert 
Hole,  is  new  to  mc.  Bryan  does  not  mention 
him,  nor  have  I  observed  his  juanu  in  connexion 
with  any  of  the  numerous  rrontiepicees  to  books 
of  the  period  of  Charles  I.,  the  presumed  date  of 
the  second  Parihntia. 

The  work  consists  of  twenfy-nine  pages,  con- 
taining some  verv  interesting  tunes.  Among 
them  we  have  "  fho  Kiuges  Morisck,"  "  The 
Lordes Mask,"  "The  Irish  Dance,"  " Old Xoddic,"' 


is  particularly  worlhv  of  note,  as  suggestive  of 
Shakespeare's  "  Crabocd  Age  and  Youth,"  to 
which  sonnet  it  is  in  nil  probability  the  original 
music  Edwabd  F.  HiuBArLi. 


weight  upon  any  petaon,  not  in  « lUtB  af  pi^ 


I  has,  as  yet,  ventured  t( 

I      2.  Fading  and  watting  « 

Christmas  Eve  all  onimala  about  •  fkrm-jnd  ns 

made  to  fast ;  and  it  is  said,  in  ^ittaBj,  lliit  on 
'  the  night  of  Christmas  Eve  all  ammala  ate  ftwikp 
!  except  men  and  frogs. 
'      3.  Mtdmghl  Mam  at  Ouidwa*:  drtmpa  iVM- 

i^e.— Formerly  the  Seisneui  de  Qneag^  ww  in 
I  the  enjoyment  of  the  foUowinK  pririlega  iinX) : 
I  at  the  midnight  maaa  the  nflhaating  ^iMt  im 

bound,  before  chanting  the  Prefac^  to  piUMt 
<  to  him  on  a  salver  (auuUe)  bread  and  wine.    Tift 

Seigneur  of  Guengai  ate  and  drank  of  botli,  nd 

the  priest  then  reascended  the  altar. 

4.   The  Last  Day  of  Ike  Old  Ttar  m  PommmiL 

"  In  the  same  manner,"  obeerre*  an  enthuaiMtit 

Breton,  "  in  which  the  Breton  langtugA  ii  diM^ 

Cring,  old  cuatoms  are  Tanishing  from  om  das 
\  of  Brittany.  Thus  many  of  tJioae  that  WHI 
but  recently  in  honour  are  now  forgottra,  or  0^ 
live  in  tbe  remembrance  of  traditioD,  That  is  to 
be  regretted,  for  they  were  a  lutfnl  divaruB  to 
the  poor  tiller  in  the  midst  of  hia  nuaCattonaa  nd 
his  rude  labours.  Pommerit  haa  alono  ntelnad 
the  custom  of  going  on  the  night  of  DecanlMr  81 
and  knocking  at  the  doors  of  ttie  iabal^mt^  and 
addressing  to  the  in-dwellen  cuitoua  oanda  (oAa^ 
$ont  rimifK),  and  most  of  Aem  original  mmpiw- 
tions.  The  object  of  these  "  carols  "  ia  to  pasli 
those  to  whom  they  are  addressed  bj  the  emn- 
drums  or  odd  words  and  phraoei  containal  la 
them.  These  are  met  with  replies  in  the  aBM 
spirit,  and  the  conqueror  ia  sure  of  moetlBg  ^tk 
the  approval  of  hearty  laughter.  Sod  a^ 
matical  chants  and  similar  ihymed  joophacM 
are  also  made  use  of  in  "propoaala  of  maoiaga" 
and  in  the  celebraUon  of  nuptials, 

o.  The  Mis/leloe:  Seeking  for  CStA%.— In 
Hcntaubon  and  many  other  parts  of  BritbniJ,  Al 
children  of  poor  persona  go  round  to  the  haam 
of  the  rich  crying  out  Am  gu^mtr  (««  ft^lm 
iipii/,)  Tbi'y  have  with  them  Ions  woodan  iplMf 
on  which  are  thrust  pieces  of  salted  banm  aaa 
beef,  that  they  cany  back  to  their  homoa  aa  thA 


;s  gifts.''^ 


K0TIC3  OS  "  CUKiSTilAS  TIMES  "  IS  BKITT.VXT. 
1.  ChristmatEcc:  the  Ciiauiiii)  Tcuh-m.—'Shvia 
is  i'i  be  seen  at  Xnynl-Punlivy  a  vitv  high  and 
very  broad  peulven,  much  sinalkr  at  its  bust)  than 
its  summit.  This  old  Druitlicnl  iiiouument  ia  the 
subject,  in  that  part  of  the  counirv,  <ii  a  crowd 
of  superstitions.  Amongst  nthi'r  things  c«id  of  it 
is,  that  during  the  niglil  of  Christmas  eve  it  walks 
away  to  have  a  dviuk  iu  tiiu  river  Blavet.  At 
that  time  all  the  trea.'Lir<.'3  tliat  nro  concealed 
under  it  might  cufily  be  taken  aw.iy  ;  but  an  the 
peulven  would  be  sura  to  full  bock  aguu  with  all 


a  all  the  u 


I  0.  Twclflh'-Hight  Cnke  Supentiii(m.—'Ui^ 
'"  '  '  not  the  <7«(can(fc«r0u^  BportioniBdlaealid 
he  mem  bers  of  tbe  family,  whathai  piaaad 
absent  Each  part  belonging  to  Mcb  i"t**~* 
person  absent  is  carefully  preserved,  becaMue  it 
always  indicates  the  state  of  each  paraon'i  hnaWi 
If  it  remain  sound  they  are  well ;  and  if  thw  aR 
ill,  it  is  indicated  bv  stains  and  mouldinsM  (wmi- 
fiaiwee).  Wic  B.  AUc  GAB& 


4t»»S.  IV.  Dec.  11, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


499 


MACDOXALD  AND  THE  BEGGAR'S  DAUGHTER. 

A    Wi:>Ti:uX-HIGIILAND    LKGKND. 

The  folIowinL'"  logend — hitherto  unpublished — 
WIS  given  to  nic  by  an  aged  native  of  Argyllshire, 
"who   took   it   down  in   writing,   some   live-and- 
.twrnty   years  ago,   from  the  lips  of  an  illiterate  ' 
peasimt  who  lived  in  oiio  of  the  smaller  islands  of  : 
the    South-lI(jbride3.     He,   probably,   had  never 
heard  the  Kii^^lish  story  of  th(»  '^  Blind  Beggar's  i 
Daughter  of  IJethnal  riVecn,'*  though  the  circuni-  , 
8tan:;o  of  the  disguised  beggar  is  told  in  connec-  ! 
tion  vrith  more  than  one  family.  i 

CUTUBERT  BeDE.      , 


It  was  in  the  days  when  the  Thames  at  London 
was  crossed  by  one  bridge  that  there   lived   in 
Cantire  a  hiird  of  the  Macdonald  clan,  who  was  a 
large  landt-d  proprietor  and  was   very  kind  and 
sympathising   towards   the   destitute,    and    often  ; 
helpod    thorn    in   tlieir   distress.      lie  had   some  i 
dealings  with  a  company  of  merchants  in  London,  j 
having  bound    liimself  as  "  cautionar}' "  for  the 
firm,  and  ho  went  to  England  to  see  how  they 
were  getting  on. 

One  day,  when  he  was  crossing  the  London 
Bridge,  he  observed  a  very  destitute  beggar,  to  j 
whom  he  gave  charity ;  and,  as  often  afterwards  ! 
as  he  crossed  the  bridge,  he  further  extended  his 
charity  to  the  poor  man,  and  took  a  great  interest 
in  him.  But  soon  there  came  a  time  when  he 
passed  by  the  beggar  without  bestowing  any 
notice  on  him,  or  giving  him  his  usual  charity. 
So  one  day  tlie  beggar  followed  him,  perceiving 
that  something  was  amiss,  and  asked  him  why  he 
had  passed  him  those  latter  times  without  be- 
stowing any  charity  upon  him. 

Then  Maclonald  told  him  that  he  had  now  no 
chn.rity  to  give  him,  but  wa^  as  poor  as  the  beggar 
himself.  The  beggar  requested  him  to  tell  liim 
how  this  came  about;  and  Macdonald  explained  ! 
how  the  firm  of  merchants  for  whom  no  was 
cautionary  had  failed,  and  how,  in  consequence,  it 
would  talre  all  the  price  of  his  lands,  and  every 
farthing  that  he  possessed,  to  clear  himself  of  the 
debt. 

The  beggar  then  proposed  some  questions  to 
the  gentleman,  asking  him  about  his  residence, 
and  whether  ho  had  a  wife  and  family;  and 
Macdonald  told  him  all  about  his  lands  in  Cantire, 
and  said  that  he  had  no  wife,  but  that  he  wished 
to  get  one. 

The  beggar  then  told  him  that  he  had  a  daugh- 
ter, and  that  if  the  gentleman  would  feel  inclined 
to  take  her  for  his  wife,  he  would  give  him  as 
much  money  with  her  as  would  pay  all  Mac- 
donald's  debt.  And  the  beggar  invited  Mac- 
donald to  pay  him  a  visit  that  same  night,  and 
gave  him  directions  where  he  should  find  his 
house. 


Macdonald  came  away,  meditating  on  the  beg 
;  gar's  oiler,  and  thiilking  that  it  could  do  him  no 
harm  if  he  went  to  the  beggar's  house  and  had  a 
look  at  his  daughter.  So,  when  the  night  came, 
he  walked  out  in  that  direction,  and  when  he 
came  to  the  place  of  whicli  the  beggar  had  told 
him,  he  saw  a  splendid  mansion,  and  he  had  his 
scruples  to  call  at  it,  being  afraid  that  he  was 
misled.  But  a  Highlander  does  not  know  the 
word  *'  re  treat,''  so  Macdonald  went  right  on  j 
and  when  he  had  rung  the  bell,  the  beggar  came 
to  the  door,  dressed  as  a  lirst-rate  gentleman,  and 
ho  shook  hands  with  Macdonald  and  led  him 
into  a  splendid  room,  where  there  were  paintings 
and  sculptures  and  silk  curtains  and  wax  candles, 
everything  very  fine  and  good.  And  after  some 
conveK-ation,  the  begg:ir  led  forward  his  daughter, 
dressed  in  firat-rate  style.  Macdonald  was  as- 
tonished at  her  learning  and  manners;  and  ho 
was  so  smitten  with  her  beauty  that  he  considered 
her  a  great  prize,  and  the  longer  he  conversed 
with  her  the  more  he  esteemed  her. 

Before  they  parted  that  night,  Macdonald  had 
asked  the  beggar's  daughter  to  be  his  wife,  and  a 
marriage  contract  was  written  out  and  signed  by 
both  parties,  with  a  clause  in  it  that  Macdonald 
should  sit  begging  for  three  successive  days  on 
London  Bridge ;  and  when  Macdonald  demanded 
the  reason  of  this,  the  beggar  gave  him  for 
answer,  that  seldom  a  house  is  kept  without  some 
angry  words  at  times;  and  that  the  husband 
might,  in  a  moment  of  passion,  throw  it  in  his 
wife's  teeth  that  she  was  a  beggar's  daughter; 
but  that,  in  agreeing  to  that  clause  in  the  mar- 
riage contract,  the  wife  would  be  enabled  to  call 
her  husband  a  begcrar,  and  so  they  would  be 
on  equal  terms,  which  would  settle  the  whole 
matter. 

Macdonald  laughed  at  the  notion,  but  agreed  to 
it  readily  enough,  and  disguisinfi:  himself  fantas- 
tically, he  begged  for  three  days  on  London 
Bridge ;  and  by  these  means  he  gained  his  prize 
and  got  himself  married  to  the  beggar's  daughter ; 
and  he  had  so  large  a  fortune  with  her,  that  he 
was  able  to  pay  all  his  debts  and  had  plenty  left 
to  live  upon.  Shortly  after  his  marriage  he  came 
home  to  Cantire  with  his  fine  lady,  who  was 
greatly  respected  by  high  and  low.  They  lived 
long  together,  and  were  blessed  with  a  large 
family.  Cijthbbrt  Bedb. 


OLD  SAYINGS. 

I  have  beside  me  a  few  of  the  sayings  of  our 
grandfather,  who  was  born  in  1745  and  died  forty 
years  ago,  a  man  of  position,  education,  and 
goodness,  but  of  a  quaint  humour,  who  loved  to 
interlard  his  conversation  with  the  provincialities 
of  Yorkshire,  his  native,  and  Northumberland 
his  adopted  county. 


500 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ik  s.  IT.  Dsa  11,  ■«. 


He    always   spoke  of   York  men  as  "  Jacky 
Yorkies,"  and  Guisborough  men  as  ^'Guisboro' 
Greys." 
If  he  were  much  puzzled,  he  would  say  — 
"  It's  enough  to  make  a  man  stick  his  marc." 

If  he  saw  a  bottle  of  physic  (of  which  he 
highly  disapproved  and  never  partook)  he  would 
say  — 

"Pah!  Tincture  of  moonsliorns,  sold  bv  the  seventh 
son  of  the  seventh  son  of  an  uuboni  doctor  of  physic  !  " 

Lighting  upon  things  new,  he  would  ask  — 

"  Whose  grey  pigs  are  those,  are  these. 
And  whose  grey  pigs  are  these  ?  " 

And  on  special  occasions  he  would  complete  the 

couplet — 

"  They  are  John  Cooke's  I  know  1>y  their  looks ; 
I  found  'em  among  the  peas." 

If  he  were  helped  too  bountifully  at  dinner,  he 
would  crv — 
**  Largesse !  largesse  !  poke  pudding  and  verjuice." 

If,  on  the  contrary,  the  dinner  wore  somewhat 
scanty,  he  would  adminiiter  a  delicate  rebuke 
thus  — 

" Bring  tlie  l)oiIed  and  roast  I  pray; 
Enter  potatoes  drtsstd  t-ach  way'" 

In  reference  to  the  same  subject  — 

**  For  a  small  living,  egi.s  ei^is,  egis ; 
Por  a  better  living,  cgis  and  ale,  egis  and  ale !  " 

[Query.  Did  this  mean  "  eggs  "  ?  j 

Other  gastronomical  sayings  — 

**  Ihe  fat  and  the  lean  is  the  best  of  the  beef." 

"  Every  word  hinders  a  chr.mp." 

*•  After  lish  ale,  after  flesh  nuts." 

And— 

"Not  a  word  of  a  pudden, 
Be  it  e'er  such  a  good  'un.'* 

On  mention  of  one  not  groat,  yet  deeming  him- 
self great,  he  would  say  — 

"  Dost  know  who  that  is  ? 
Why  Jacky  Miller,  some  calls  him  Mister,^* 

[Note  the  delicite  irony  of  this.] 

Akin  to  this  was  the  following,  probably  a  local 
allusion  — 

"  Who's  that,  thinkest  thee  ?  Why  Johnson's  sister, 
Jlowson's  daughter,  Cockerill's  wife  of  Gourland." 

To  a  person  too  precipitate  — 
**  What  hurry,  what  hurry  ?  quoth  Simon  Duck." 

And— 
"  Hurry  no  man's  cattle." 

On  hearing  a  statement  too  complex  to  be 
intelligible,  he  would  exclaim  — 

**  Six  and  seven,  and  twice  eleven, 
And  four  tifteen  and  Jive; 
Put  down  seven  and  take  out  eleven, 
And  tell  me  that  belivc." 

[Query.  Was  «*belive"  a  corruption  for  "Bv  your 
leave"?]  '  ^ 


Parting  with  something  which  he  never  ex- 
pected to  see  agfdn,  s«iy  a  j^uinea  lent  to  an  old 
woman — a  practice  to  which  he  was  znnch  ad- 
dicted— he  would  say  it  was  — 

•*  Fare  thee  "wccl  oulcr," 

pronounced    ''  ooler.''    I   have  no  due   to  the 
meaning  of  the  word. 

Assailed  by  objectionablo  odoors,  his  ejacula- 
tion was — 

"  Fustis,  funis,  assls,  capis,  stignns  a  pigmuL* 

Other  expressions  — 

"  lie's  a  man  of  leather." 

"  Youll  play  the  dog's  head  with  that." 

**  Three's  a  maiden's  fee." 

"  It's  fit  for  the  prime  of  our  time." 

**  She  makes  her  way  as  good  as  she  looks.'* 

On  a  wet  day  — 

<*  It's  a  shame  to  tarn  dog  to  deer." 

Effecting  a  small  object,  such  as  drawing  a 
difficult  cork  — 
<*  I've  norssed  it,  aays  Madam  Down?." 

[Query  the  derivation  of  norsf.] 

Epithets:  — '' Horse-godmother/'  for  a  daiL 
ill-favoured,  masculine  female;  ''Tame  FaiiT," 
for  a  light,  wishy-wash}',  weak-minded  female; 
"  Shagwaverley,"  the  exaggerate  of  "  ahaky,"  aa 
of  a  shambling  gait. 

These  by  no  means  exhaust  the  saTinfla  of  on 
grandfather,  who  was  a  mine  of  proverbiu  wealtt; 
but  I  submit  them  as  samples  of  a  atyle  of  ex- 
pression contrasting  favourably  with  the  languga 
of  our  present  vouth,  which  seems  atrictlj  OOB- 
lined  to  *'rot,"  "bosh,"  '*  won't  wash,"  ''feaxft^'' 
«  awful,"  "  joUy/'  &c.  J.  W.  & 

Beckenham. 


THREE  EAPwLT  TANTOMIMES. 

Few  things  have  been  more  intimateljr 
ciated  with  Christmas  than  that  species  of  dnr 
matic  entertainment  generally  known  bjthe  name 
of  Pantomime.  The  history  of  pantomimes  from 
their  first  introduction  into  this  country,  shoiring 
the  various  changes  they  have  undergtme  in  the 
century  and  a  half  that  has  since  elapsed,  wonld 
form  a  curious  chapter  in  a  history  of  the  stage  ai 
England,  but  it  is  far  too  large  a  salnect  to  ba 
entered  upon  in  the  pages  of  "  N.  &  Q."  Neve^ 
theless,  as  I  have  upon  my  shelves  the  printed 
copies  of  three  of  the  earlier  pantomimes  eznihitsd 
in  London,  I  hope  it  may  prove  not  miintereatiqg 
to  your  readers  at  the  approach  of  the  feativo 
season  to  have  a  short  description  of  them,  tiiaft 
they  may  therefrom  form  some  idea  of  the  dl^ 
ference  between  them  and  the  modem  pantomiaMaii 
The  subjects  of  all  three  are  derived  from  daanfi 
fable,  Tiz.,  the  Rape  of  Proserpine,  Fenein  and 
Andromeda,  and  Oi^heus  and  £ai7diea. 


4»h  S.  IV.  Di:c.  11,  'CO.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


501 


1 .  The  Itape  of  Proscrpiiie  was  written  by  Lewis 
Theobald,  the  Sbaksperian  editor  and  the  ori- 
ginal hero  of  Pope's  l)unciad,  and  was  furnished 
with  music  by  John  Ernest  Galliard,  one  of  the 
most  eminent  composers  of  the  day.  It  was 
brought  out  at  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  Theatre  in 
1725,  under  tlie  title  o^ Harlequin  Sorcerer j  ivith  the 
Loves  of  Pluto  071(1  Proserpine— B.  title  afterwards 
changed  to  The  Hapc  'of  Proserpine,  The  piece  is 
of  the  nature  of  a  musical  masque,  the  several 
scenes  of  which  are  alternated  with  those  of  the 
harlequinade.  Thus :  after  the  opening  scene,  in 
which  ^Mercury  comes  to  Ceres,  requesting  on 
the  part  of  Jove  lier  aid  to  remove  the  sterility 
of  the  l*hrygian  plains,  there  is  a  scene  of  '^  A 
Farm  Yard,"  in  which  *'  the  grotesque  part 
begins.''  This  is  followed  by  a  scene  in  which 
Ceres  departs  through  the  air  in  her  dragon- 
drawn  cliariot,  leaving  Proserpine  in  the  charge 
of  the  nymph  Cyana.  To  this  succeeds  a  scene  of 
*'  A  Country  House,"  in  which  "  the  grotesque 
part  is  continued."  Then  comes  the  scene,  in 
which  I^luto  carries  off  Proserpine,  and  Ceres 
returning,  asks  Cyana  for  her  .daughter.  The 
nymph,  about  to  answer,  is  changed  into  a  brook, 
and  (\»rL'S,  enraged,  sets  the  corn  on  fire.  A  scene 
of  ''The  Side  of  a  Wood,"  in  which  *'  the  actions 
of  Harlequin  are  continued,'^  ensues,  and  is  fol- 
lowed bv  a  scene  of  the  Elvsian  fields,  throujjh 
which  I'luto  conveys  Proserpine  to  the  infernal 
regions.  The  grotesque  part  is  then  continued  in 
a  scene  representing  a  chamber.  Then  Ceres  is 
introduced,  in  a  solitude,  lamenting  the  loss  of 
her  daughter,  and  is  visited  by  Mercury,  who 
acquaints  lier  tliat  Prosei-pine  has  become  the 
bride  of  Phi  to.  All  the  deities,  celestial  and 
infernal,  then  assemble ;  Jupiter  pronounces  the 
decree  that  Proserpine  shall  dwell  for  six  months 
in  each  year  with  her  mother,  and  the  remaining 
six  months  with  her  husband,  and  the  piece  ter- 
minatti  with  a  dance  and  chorus.  There  is  extant 
a  song,  with  music,  called  "  The  llaree  Show," 
sung  by  Mr.  Sal  way  in  The  Rape  of  Proserpine, 


commencmg — 


*'  A  verj'  pretty  fancy,  a  brave  galante  show ; " 
but  as  the  words  of  it  do  not  appear  in  my  copy  of 
the  piece  (dated  1727),  it  was  probably  an  addi- 
tion made  in  or  after  that  year,  and  sung  in  one 
of  the  comic  scenes.  The  names  of  the  pantomimic 
performers  are  not  given  in  the  list  of  the  dramatis 
persona',  but  of  course  Rich,  under  his  well- 
Known  pseudonym  of  I-.un,  supported  the  cha- 
racter of  Harlequin. 

2.  Perseus  and  Andromeda^  produced  at  Lincoln*8 
Inn  Fields  in  17C0,  was  probably  also  the  produc- 
tion of  Theobald.  It  is  of  the  same  character  as 
the  first  described  piece,  and  is  divided  into  five 
portions.  In  the  first,  Perseus,  equipped  with  the 
sword  and  winged  sandals  sent  by  Vulcan,  the 
shield  sent  by  Minerva,  and  the  helmet  sent  bj 


Pluto,  departs  on  his  expedition  against  Medusa. 
In  the  second,  "  the  comic  part  begins.''  In  the 
third,  Perseus  enters  the  Gorgon's  cave  and  de- 
stroys the  dreaded  Medusa,  from  whose  blood 
various  monsters  arise ;  in  the  fourth,  "  the  actions 
of  Harlequin  are  continued";  and  in  the  fifth, 
Perseus  encounters  the  sea  monster,  and  rescues 
Andromeda,  to  whom  he  is  united  in  the  palace 
of  Venus.  In  the  first  scene  of  the  comic  portion 
appear  the  words  of  a  recitative  and  air  sung  by  a 
magician  who  gives  Harlequin  the  sword  which 
is  to  aid  him  in  his  career ;  and  at  the  end  of  the 
piece  is  printed  a  ballad  (no  doubt  introduced  in 
one  of  the  comic  scenes)  of  which  I  transcribe  the 
first  verse : — 

''THE  SAIL0R*S  BALLAD. 


I. 


"  JIow  pleasant  the  sailor's  life  passes, 

Who  roams  o'er  the  wat'ry  main ; 
No  treasure  he  ever  amasses, 

But  clieerfully  spends  all  his  gain. 
We're  strangers  to  party  and  faction, 

To  honour  and  honesty  true ; 
And  would  not  commit  a  base  action 

For  power  or  profit  in  view. 

CftoruB, 
Then  why  should  we  quarrel  for  riches, 

Or  any  such  glittering  toy? 
A  light  heart  and  a  thin  pair  of  breeches 

Goes  thorough  the  world,  brave  boy." 

This  odd  combination  of  the  requisites.for  get- 
ting through  the  world  is  very  amusing.  If  the 
second  of  them  be  of  equal  importance  with,  or  at 
all  auxiliary  to  the  production  of  the  first,  sad 
indeed  must  be  the  fate  of  poor  mortals  at 
Christmas  time  when  the  severity  of  the  weather 
induces  them  to  incase  their  lower  limbs  in  gar- 
ments of  a  thick  texture.  One  half  of  their  means 
of  battling  their  way  through  the  world  is  gone, 
and  heaviness  of  heart  superadded.  This  song 
retained  its  popularity  for  a  long  period,  being 
found  in  several  of  the  collections  of  songs  pub- 
lished during  the  last  century ;  and  I  am  informed 
bv  a  lady  that  it  was  sung  to  her  during  her  early 
c^ldhood  in  tlie  first  decade  of  the  present  cen- 
tury. In  the  list  of  the  draniatis  persome  prefixed 
to  the  piece  as  printed  in  1730,  the  description  of 
the  '* comic  parts"  and  the  names  of  tne  per- 
formers who  sustained  them  are  thus  given : — 

A  Spanish  Merchant,  Father  to  Colom- 

bine Mons.  Nivelon. 

A  Petit-Maitre,  in  love  with  Colombine  .    Mons,  Poictier. 
Harlequin,  a  Wizard,  also  in  love  with 

Colombine Mr.  Lun. 

Colombine,    Daughter  to   the  Spanish 

Merchant Mrs.  Touiger. 

Valet  de  Cbambre  to  the  Petit-Maitre    .    Mr.  Ray. 

A  Spaniard,  Servant  to  the  Merchant    .    Mr.Hippealey*. 

Constable,  Ilay-makers,  Posse,  &c. 

The  Merchant  and  his  Servant  evidently  cor- 
respond to  the  Pantaloon  and  Clown,  and  the 
Petit-Maitre  to  the  Dandy  Lover  of  modem  pan* 
tomimes. 


602 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4a>  &  Vr.  Daa  11,  "89. 


On  Hicli*s  removal  to  Covent  Garden  Theatre^ 
he  revived,  in  February  1733,  Persetts  and  Andro" 
meda,  with  the  added  title,  or  The  Cheats-  of 
Sarleqttijif  describiug  the  piece  as  '*  a  Uramatic 
Pantomime  Opera/' 

3.  Oi'phetis  and  EurydicCy  with  the  Pantomime 
Entertain mcntf  written  by  Henry  Sommer  and 
brought  out  at  Lincohi's  Inn  Fields  Theatre  in 
1740,  is  of  the  same  kind  as  the  otliers ;  but  the 
pantomimic  part  is  much  lonjier,  consisting  of  no 
fewer  than  twenty-three  scenes,  the  '*  business"  (as 
it  is  technically  termed)  of  each  being  described 
at  some  length.  After  two  scenes  of  the  masque, 
in  which  Orpheus,  after  lamenting  his  lost  Eury- 
dice,  descends  to  the  Shades  in  search  of  her,  six 
scenes  of  the  harlequinade  are  exhibited;  then 
another  scene  of  the  masque,  after  which  come 
seven  more  scenes  of  the  harlequinade,  which  ore 
succeeded  by  a  scene  in  which  Euryaice  is  deli- 
vered over  by  Pluto  and  Proserpine  to  her  hus- 
band; then  follow  eight  scenes  of  the  harlequinade, 
and  after  another  scene  of  the  masque,  in  which 
Orpheus,  returning  to  earth  with  Eurydice,  turns  to 

fize  on  her  ere  tht-y  have  quite  left  the  domains  of 
Into,  and  she  disappears  from  his  sight,  leaving 
him  lamenting,  two  more  scenes  of  the  harle- 
quinade conclude  the  piece. 

It  will  bo  seen  that  there  is  this  striking  dif- 
ference in  the  construction  of  the  older  English 
pantomimes  and  those  of  later  date — that  whilst 
in  the  former  the  business  of  the  harlequinade 
vras  in  nowise  connected  with  the  story  which 
gave  title  to  the  pieces,  and  was  most  incongru- 
ously introduced  during  its  progress,  to  the  inter- 
ruption of  the  reguLir  action,  in  the  latter  it 
grows  regularly,  and  (if  the  dramatic  purists  will 
pardon  the  expression)  naturally  out  of  it,  and  is 
indeed  a  contmuation  of  it.  In  both,  what  may 
be  termed  the  legendary  part  is  made  a  vehicle 
for  the  display  of  scenery  and  machinery.  Had 
space  permitted  I  would  have  given  some  extracts 
uom  the  descriptions  of  the  comic  scenes  in 
Orjjhcus  and  lAn-ydice,  ioi  the  purpose  of  showing 
how  much  there  is  in  common  between  the  pan- 
tomime business  of  that  and  our  own  day.  I  may, 
however,  remark,  that  whilst  passing  events  were 
not  satirised  then  as  now,  popular  existing  places 
of  resort  were  introduced.  For  instance,  in  the 
sixth  scene  of  the  harlequinade  of  Orplwus  and 
Etirydicej  Harlequin  transforms  the  house  of  the 
Spanish  Don  (Pimtaloonj— who,  by  the  way,  is 
represented  as  the  husband  instead  of  the  father 
of  Columbine — into  Ashley's  Punch  House,  then, 
a  noted  place  of  entertainment  in  Maiden  Lane 
Covent  (jarden. 

About  the  same  period  that  Sommer's  Otyhcus 
and  Ewydice  was  represented  at  Lincoln's  Inn 
Fields,  Rich  brought  out  (on  February  12,  1740) 
mother  pantomime  under  the  same  title  at  Covent 
Garden.    This  was,  as  regarded  the  dialogue  and 


songs,  a  revival  of  a  former  production  of  Theo* 
bald's,  with  new  music  by  John  Frederick  Lampe, 
the  Harlequinade  being  newly  invented  by  Rich. 
This  pantomime  became  the  subject  of  a  dispata 
between  Rich  and  John  Hill,^  the  apothecary  and 
noted  empiric,  who  charged  Rich  wiui  plagiarising 
it  from  a  piece  of  his.  Rich's  pantomime  was 
^'performed  with  unbounded  applause;  it  was 
afterwards  revived  at  different  penods  with  equal 
success."  Rut  on  being  again  brought  forward 
at  Covent  Garden  on  October  16, 1787,  '*  it  had 
the  singular  fate  of  being  generaJly  disapproved 
of,  and  on  the  second  night  it  was  finally  con- 
demned." (See  Oulton's  Biitonj  of  the  J%eabm 
of  London^  ii.  11.) 

Of  Rich's  pre-eminence  as  Harlequin  there  is 
abundant  testimouv.  His  p^reat  merit  was  his  al- 
most unrivalled  skill  as  a  pantomimist ;  the  power 
he  possessed  of  distinctly  conveying,  despite  hia 
masKed  face,  his  meaning  by  action,  at  tne  same 
time  not  disdaining  the  exhibition  within  mod^ 
rate  bounds  of  feats  of  activity.  Modem  Harle- 
quins have,  with  few  exceptions,  degenerated  into 
mere  dancers  and  acrobats.  In  Rich's  time  and 
afterwards.  Harlequin  was  the  principal  pan- 
tomimic character,  and  it  was  not  until  the 
genius  of  Grimaldi  had  exalted  the  Clown  into 
importance  that  his  supremacy  was  questioned. 

W.H.Hn8K. 


TWELVE  BRETOX  PROVERBS. 

1.  It  is  the  worst  peg  in  a  ear  that  always  mahea 
the  most  noise. 

2.  What  is  gathered  with  a  rake  is  soon 
tered  bv  the  wind. 

3.  "SV  hatever  is  inlierited  from  a  priest  can 
be  converted  into  a  substantial  fortune. 

4.  It  is  not  by  beating  a  drum  you  can  indues 
a  runaway  horse  to  return  to  its  stable. 

5.  Listen  for  the  lark  that  sings  at  the  hreak  of 
day. 

0.  The  earth  is  too  old  a  witch  to  allow  any 
one  to  make  game  of  her. 

7.  It  is  not  at  every  dog  that  barks  you  onght 
to  throw  a  stone. 

8.  One  day  of   great   heat  never  yet   mads 
summer. 

0.  He  who  has  a  sharp  tongue  ought  to  havs  a 
dull  ear. 


• 

10.  A  fisherman  saw,  by  the  light  of  the  moon. 
a  barrel  floating  in  the  sea.  He  reached  it  vA 
found  it  filled  with  nail-heads.  He  took  ovt 
some  and  then  sent  the  barrel  adrift.  Upon  readi- 
ing  home  he  told  what  had  happened  to  his  wife, 
children,  and  neighbours,  and  tnen  threw  down 
the  nails  on  the  table,  and  they  pzoTed  to  ks 
bits  of  gold.    He  returned  to  the  ahoray  Imt  As 


4»8.1V.  Die.  li,'69.] 


KOTES  Ain>  QUEBXE& 


bftirel  was  no  longer  to  be  wen.    (dmill  ptofiti 
are  never  to  be  neslected). 

11.  A  vilUger  bad  often  noticed  *  white  bnU 
tutiongst  his  own  cattle.  Ha  went  np  to  i^  stnick 
it,  and  on  the  inatant  became  a  corpw.  (^vat 
jour  iieighboure'  herd  tenderlj,  even  t|ioi>gn  yon 
see  tliem  trespnasing.J 

12.  It  is  geueTallj  believed  tbat  when  ■  bee- 
hive is  robbed  the  bees  pne  ewaj,  end  no  lanm 
care  for  making  honey,  as,  in  accoMauee  with  tne 
Breton  proverb,  "Athiers  hand  leaveano  good 
luck  behind  it."  Wm.  B.  3lAa  Cam. 


ilACBETH. 

"  ScrciT  your  couiage  to  ths  atiddng-place." 
In  the  Ckrcndon  Press  edition  of  tiiia  tragedy 


Similar  figures  in  Coriolmuu  and  Tm^lk  Jt^jAt 
are  rvferccd  to,  and  the  following  ia  qnoted  firam 
Troiliis  and  Creigida  — 

"  Bntthia  Aatcnor, 
I  know,  it  inch  >  wreiit  in  their  aflhtn 
TlKLt  their  negotiaiioiu  all  nutt  ilad^ 
Waating  his  maniga." 
n  proceeds — - 


las 


I  <  nreat'  ia  ui  InatroauDt  for  tunisff  a  haip,tUl 
la  probability  toStNTens'  ln- 
'^-'-   as,  that  tt  I*  derired 


icil  passage  lendu  aotna  pi 


frura  ttie  screving  up  tbB  cbordj  crfatiiag  liutrmnentl  to 
their  proper  degree  of  teaaion." 

The  Cassell's  Staktptre  (with  nnwonted  pM- 
cipitaucy)  declares  this  to  be  the  meaning^  and 
Staunton  says  "  The  sticking  place,  i  •.  the 
abidiug  place," — 

ISutiD 

The  Gnrgani*  Galhry  of  GaUaat 
"Tlic  metaphor  may  have  beca  (alien  from  th«  wnw  - 
ing  U)>  the  I'liords  of  a  niuaieal  inBtmment." 

But  nothing  connected  with  mouc  or  flowen 
waa  tlien  in  the  mind  uf  that  cruel  woman.  Wiat 
was  there,  -tvas  iw  untreinbling  aim — was  what 
Malcolm  cdled  "  the  murderous  shaft" — was  dtatk. 
And  the  metaphor  used  wrti,  therefore,  more  pro- 
bably suggested  by  something  like  what  may  be 
seen  "in,  lor  instance,  tlio  ilinatcation  of  the  Earl  at 
Ilayuault  taliiug  and  destroying  Aubenton,  in 
Froi^^urt's  Chronielei,  namely,  two  soldien,  lept 
in  proof;  one,  ^th  his  crosdbow  planted  at  an 
Angle  ngninst  the  ground,  "screwing"  ly  mewii 
of  a  kind  of  windlass  its  cord  to  "  the  tHAiag- 

filace,"  or  catch,  by  wliich  it  will  be  hM  at 
urthest  stretch;  and  another  who,  havlBg  BO^ 
mounted  that  effort,  uma  at  one  of  the  biMigBl, 
with  attitude  and  expttwaoD  giting  aanauiM  OH* 
he  will  "  not  fail'* 


IntHpretad  thu  tBiMrWn  pM> 
ehaiged  wltli  donbk  flinote," 
inioB,  doe*  not  help  ne;  wl 


••  i«  wmMN  OTmbaiied  with  dqaUe  a 
■TheDaatoE" 

mkb,  fa)  my  opinionl'    _ 
Olaik  and  Wright  lay  — 

■"OvNcdursid  with  eradu'.  It  aa  awkward  phrni^ 
■uft  11  aTamnunla&i  dignUy  with  tht  title  metonenr. 
ThscA^iipatftrtbeoaBM,  'neaks'  tat  *  cfcsigMi'* 
But  I  think  "  cra^ "  atands  merely  tar  "  r|^ 
porta." 

SoKtwt  oTeTchajged-'~wttii  wnatcver  greater 
ehazaea  in  them  than  the  iiaual  oliarffea,  idifii 
eaoKina  wtmld  not,  an  ihr  aa  I  know,  ■&• 
ioMt  encka.  I  have  read  that,  in  war,  '— "— f 
often  load  witli  two  charsee  to  terri^  ttteit!  im^ 
miia  by  the  inateaaed  loodneaa ;  bat  from  a  adi^ 
ma,  aa  loaded,  there  wonU  not  be  a  dtniAU  eradt 
Then  wovldj  nowerer,  be  nich  from  a  donUe  or 
donUe-banetled  gno;  and  ao,  rfwWs  eammu 
wmdd  Buke  SatMi  eniek^  and  in  addition  to  tU^ 
asdt  dottbla  eaunooa  might  be  overcliarged. 

And  there  eeem  to  hare  been  doabb  caimou, 
In  FetnuKio  TJbaldino'a  Siieowtt  cmomtmji  tfa 
AwHuh  lUd  wpgdwo  Eit^atd,  the  tranalabon  of 
whidt,Ueaiaii>eltided  in  the  jaarMan  JfuMf- 
laiy,  thara  »  a  long  atatement  of  the  arma  ant 
ammnnitlni  In  the  Aimado,  and  in  it  are  ne** 
tiosed  "ioMt  tmmmt,  mortaw,  and  field  ^aoM 
for  a  oamp ";  and  Speed,  in  hie  Sidoiy  t(f  Orwat 
BrSaiu,  1611,  wlun  raomding  the  in<nw1on,  taUa 


tkeriiy  neeeee^ 
aae  BOUdag  ol 


of  anch  in  the  nottoee  of 
jlreeuer'e  (hmiurj/,i 
I  tUnk  flieie  ia  a  donUa-oannon  in  tae  F 
plate  I  have  joat  referred  b^  and  I  hare  been  tdIA 
*Ji»t  Boeh  artlelea  are  to  be  fonod  in  CoUectioiia  of 
Ordnance. 


Anddi 


*  Or,  ba  bUtb  again, 


h  thyti 


babyMagiri." 
TUa  hai  been  ona  of  the  toogheat  Uta  of  Shak. 
meratohiabditmBandcommentaton:  indeed,  at 
Umn.  Olark  and  Wiight  mj  in  their  notaa  to   . 
the  ClMUdon  Fiaaa  editio^  "  lliere   are  turn 
paaaagaa  «f  on?  aBlhoT  whleh  hare  glreti  liae  to  ift 
much  diaoowion  aa  thia" 
It  ataada  in  the  fliat  folio  tkoa — 
"  Or  b«  alioa  wda^ 
Aa^dan  ne  te  the  dtmrt  with  Ihy  mmi, 
irii^Hliig  I  inltiMt  thiMi.  nfnhai  iini» 
nibal^i/agbU- 
Popa  dianged  it  to— 
-Iff      "■ 


leit— 


KalaM  adopted  both  diangas  wUh  tUiBal»«* 

■  Ite  Mi^w  iAitw  WM  wit  Ir  lb  tmrn.  < 

fcwawfwlifli  llHlattaawiBiplii  W^l^ 


504 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«*>  S.  IV.  Dec  II.  *«•. 


other  plight  bnt  happy  emendation,  the  reading  thee  in- 
stead of  then,  which  was  proposed  by  Mr.  Steevens,  and 
to  which  I  have  paid  the  respect  that  it  deserved  by 
giving  it  a  place  in  the  text,  this  passage  is  rendered  clear 
and  easy." 

Valpy  and  other  editors  followed  Malone. 

Payne  Collier,  in  his  own  edition^  following  the 
flecond  and  later  folios,  kept  — 

**  If  trembling  I  inhabit,  then  protest  me." 
His  MS.  commentator,  however,  made  it  — 

**  If  trembling  I  exhUnt^  then  protest  me," 
a  solution  of  what  ho  calls  '^  a  passage  that  has 
lutherto  baflled  satisfactory  explanation,"   with 
which  Mr.   Collier  was  not  satisfied,   it  being 
**  too  prosaic" 

Home  Tooke,  in  his  Diversions  of  Purley,  came 

down  on  these  "  insipid  corrections  "  of  Tope  and 

Steevens. 

*•  But  for  these  tasteless  commentators,"  he  says,  **  one 
can  hardly  suppose  tliat  any  reader  of  Shakspearc  conld 
have  found  a  difficulty;  the  original  text  is  so  plain, 
easy,  and  clear,  and  so  much  in  the  author's  accustomed 
maimer:' 

**  Dare  mc  to  the  dcsart  with  thv  sworde, 
If  I  inhabit  then," 

t.  e.  "  If  then  I  do  not  meet  thee  there ;  if  trembling  I  stay 
at  home,  or  within  doors,  or  under  any  roof,  or  within 
any  habitation  ;  if  when  you  call  me  to  the  desart,  I  then 
house  me,  or,  through  fear,  hiue  myself  from  thee  in  any 
dwelling : 
"  If  trembling  I  do  house  me  then — Protest  me,"  &c. 

Charles  Knight  (to  whose  reverence  for  Shak- 
spere  all  his  students  must  bow)  and  others  agree 
with  this. 

"  The  elliptical  edition,"  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cowden 
Clark,  has  — 

"  If  trembling  I  inhabit  then,  protest  me  **; 

imd  says — 

"  The  phrase  appears  to  us  to  be  perfectly  in  Shake- 
speare's style,  forming  direct  antithesis  with  •  dare  mc  to 
toe  descrti'  Here  the  sense  is  '  remain  within  doors, 
stay  in  any  habitatiun  or  in  any  inhabited  place  when 
thou  challengest  me  forth.'" 

Clark  and  Wright,  Clarendon  Press  edition, 

incline  to  it.     They  say — 

**  It  is  j)os«il>le,  after  all,  that  the  reading  of  the  First 
Folio  may  be  rigiit,  und  *  inhabit '  be  used  in  the  senst 
of  *  keep  at  home,'  *  abide  under  a  roof,'  as  contrasted 
with  wandering  in  a  desert." 

But  thoy  suggest  that — 

**  Retaining  *  inhabit,'  a  more  satisfnctorj'  sense  would  be 
made  by  substituting  '  here '  for  *  then,'  an  easy  change  : 

,"  If  trembling  I  inhabit  ?iere,  protest  me." 
Henley  says — 

"  Shakespeare  here  uses  the  word  ^  inhabit '  in  a  neutral 
8ens(>,  to  express  continuance  in  a  given  situation," 

and  quotes  from  Paradise  Lost  — 

*•  Meanwhile,  inhabit  lax,  ye  ]K)wer8  of  heaven." 

Staunton  says  — 

••  We  concur  with  Henley  in  thinking  that  *  inhabit '  is 
here  used  in  u  neutral  sense,  and  that  the  original  affords 


a  better  and  more  forcible  meaning  than  the  altomtlcni 
(*  inhibit  thee')—*  Dare  me  to  an  encounter  in  the  desert, 
and  if  then,  trembling,  I  keep  house,  proclaim  me,* "  &c. 

Bullock  suggests  — 

**  If  trembling  I  unknight  me,  then  protest  me.** 

Theobald  — 

**  If  trembling  me  inhibit,  then  protest  me." 

The  Cambridge  Shakespeare  — 

"If  trembling  / inherit,  then  protest  me." 

Abbott,  in  the  notes  on  Macbeth  appended  U> 

his  Shakespearian  Orammar,  says—-  • 

"  *  If  trembling  I  inhabit,  then  protest  me.'  iVb  oCftsr 
instance  has  been  given  where  inhabit  means  '  linger  ml 
home.'" 

I  do  not  know  Dyce's  opinion,  but  the  Glonaij 
to  Bohn's  edition  (in  whicn  Dyce's  renutrks,  up  to 
that  time,  had  been  consulted,  and  the  text  of 
which  is — 

"  If  trembling  I  inhabit,  then  protest  me  **), 
says  "  Inhibit  for  inhabit,  or  to  forbid^  or  dedine^ 
as  a  person  refusing  a  challenge." 

Here,  then,  are  above  a  dozen  different  readings 
of  this  one  line,  and  there  may  be  more  existing. 

In  the  first  folio  it  stands :  — 

**  If  trembling  1  inJiabit  then,  protest  me,"  dc^ 

which  I  think  may  mean :  — 

"If  I  iNiiAnrr  tiikmbliko  then,  protest  me,** 

Not  a  trembling  man  inhabiting  any  ji/aes  or  Aomm^ 
but  a  man  inh^iting  tbehblixq  itself — ^the  state 
of  trembling. 

'*  If  I,  then,  inhabit  a  trembling  body  like  Mi*'i 
or, ''  If  then,  as  now,  my  spirit-  (inhabits)  lives  in. 


treftior ;  that  tremor  has  become,  as  it  wete,  th» 
body;  and  "trehbliitg  be  JSBAsraJ* 

If  there  is  any  authority  for  *^  inhabit "  being 
used  as  ''  to  be  clothed  mth,'^  it  must  give  ua 
pause. 

"  If  trembling  I  am  clothed  with  then,  protest  mey^fte; 

Allan  Pask  Patov. 

Watt  Monument,  Greenock. 


FOLK  IX)RE. 


A  ScoTTisn  WiTcn  Hhyme:  "DRiOHiiini" 
(4^**  S.  iv.  331.) — This  word  is  one  veiy  familiar 
to  the  student  of  Early  English,  from  its  con- 
tinual recurrence  in  Anglo-Saxon  poetry.  It  is 
the  A.-S.  drihtetif  a  chief,  which  is  used  in  the- 
secondary  but  more  usual  sense  of  Loidy  ss  ap- 
plied to  the  Almighty.  It  is  the  Old  Saxon  drok» 
tin,  Old  Friesic  drochten,  Old  High  German  trMmg 
Old  Icelandic  drdtiin,  and  means  a  chief  of  a. 
liousehold,  or  leader  of  a  retinue,  firom  A.-&L 
driht,  Old  Icel.  drdtt,  a  household,  people. 

Students  must  all  be  thankful  tot  the  apfpoi^ 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  11,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  Qr 


nnce  of  the  first  part  of  Mr.  Vigfiuson'B  editiim  of 
Cleasbj's  Icelandic  Lexicon^  now  compleited  up  to 
the  word  ''  hastr."  From  it  we  leun  that  the 
Icel.  drdtt  means  a  household  people,  ''  eep.  the 
king^s  body-guard ;  cf.  Goth.  gadrmthU,  by  whieh 
word  Ultilas  renders  the  Greek  (rrpaTii^f(dlr7ii^aii, 

5 ret  dratih  =  (rrporci/civ)  ;  A.-S.  driffhi  ;  ih^  SsttQ- 
inavian  drdtt  thus  answers  to  the  comUaius  of 
Tacitus,  Germ.  ch.  13^  14,  in  the  Saga  time  called 
AtrtS."  (In  this  quotation,  by  the  way,  I  look 
upon  the  A.-S.  dright  as  spelt  in  a  very  unnsoal 
manner.)  The  word  continued  to  be  need  in 
England  for  a  long  time,  and  occurs  in  Pien  thB 
Floxoman.  Wa^ltsr  W.  Skbat. 

1,  Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

Irish  Fole-Lore. — For  the  following  notes  I 
am  indebted  to  a  simple  serving-woman  in  Dab* 
lin : — 

1.  It  is  unlucky  to  take  a  cat  with  you  when 
removing.  In  consequence  of  this  belief  cats  often 
suffer  terribly  in  Dublin. 

2.  It  is  unlucky  to  meet  a  barking  dog  or  a 
barefooted  woman  early  in  the  morning.  Should 
you  meet  a  woman  with  bare  feet  and  red  haiTi 
turn  back  in  haste,  lest  some  evil  thing  ocmie 
upon  you. 

8.  If  a  pair  of  bellows  be  placed  on  a  table, 
there  will  be  a  fight  in  the  bouse.  (Vide 
''  X.  &  Q."  4"»  S.  iv.  213,  807,  423.) 

4.  If  a  candle  chance  to  be  snuffed  out^  there 
will  be  one  person  more  or  less  in  the  house  be- 
fore the  morrow. 

5.  On  Hallowe'en  many  curious  customs  are 
commonly  observed.  Some  women  take  Uie  yolk 
from  eggs  boiled  hard,  fill  the  eggs  with  salt^  and 
eat  eggf  shell,  and  salt  They  are  careful  not  to 
quench  their  thirst  till  morning.  If  at  night  tiiey 
dream  that  their  lovers  are  at  hand  with  water, 
they  believe  they  will  be  jilted. 

G.  At  new  moon  it  is  not  uncommon  to  point 
with  a  knife,  and  after  invoking  the  blessed 
Trinity,  to  say  — 

**  New  moon,  true  moon,  be  true  now  to  m9. 
That  I  ere  the  morrow  my  true  love  may  see.** 

The  knife  is  then  placed  under  the  pillow,  and 
silence  strictly  observed,  lest«the  charm  ahould  be 
spoilt, 

7.  On  May  Day,  or  on  the  preceding  nighty 

women  put  a  stocking  filled  with  yanow  under 

their  pillow  and  recite  the  following  lines  ^— 

"  Good  morrow,  good  yarrow,  good  morrow  to  thes  | 
I  hope  'gain  [by]  the  morrow  my  lover  to  aee^ 
And  that  he  may  be  married  to  me; 
The  colour  of  hia  hair,  and  the  clothes  he  docs  wiar  | 
And  if  he  be  for  me  may  his  face  be  turned  to  me{ 
And  if  he  be  not,  dark  and  surly  he  may  b«^ 
And  hia  back  be  turned  to  mi.** 

My  informant  hereupon,  thinldng  I  knew  quite 
enough,  exclaimed :  **  111  tell  you  no  moie.  An 
old  dog  for  the  hard  road,  and  a  pup  for  the 
path."  J.  G, 


NAnoor  SunBtmiov^— Id  a  soamst  of  Wilp 

liam  BmnuDODd  of  Hawthomdeiii  uw  00  (libnxy 

of  Old  Anthon'  ed.)  occun  the  xoQowiiig  pas- 

•■ge.— 

"  Ah !  napUo,  ominont  present  of  my  dear, 
Qift  miserable  which  doth  now  rsBMlii 
Ths  only  guerdon  of  ny  helpleii  pain.** 

Waa  a  nankin  eonsideied  an  ominous  gift  at 
that  time«  and  why  P  H.  J.  Alowzza. 

Brook's  Bar 

Thx  Ohbistmas  Knre  at  BowNazm  Col- 
UMBy  HBAB  Bats.  —  Upon  Christmas  Eve  the 
scholars  of  this  well-known  institution  prooeed  to 
the  election  of  their  king  and  other  offiesn  of  Us 
householdi  consisting  of  uie  mayor  of  the  palaoSi 
&e.  ]ffis  reign  lasts  fourteen  fkjBt  duzing  whidi 
period  there  are  many  good  |Msts.  A  room  of 
the  college  is  fitted  up  in  superb  style,  and  used 
by  his  nujesty  as  his  palace.  Hie  MUot  system 
is  resorted  to  at  the  period  of  election.  Thename 
is  k«)t  seeret  from  the  yery  junior  boys  untfl  af1»r 
the  first  act  upon  Easter  Monday,  when  he  is 
presented  in  form  to  his  suljects.  The  oolle^ 
records  of  the  Bumerous  kinps  since  1818  oontau 
the  naiwtt  of  manv  ^ii^timwiialiml  nenonaires  both 
in  Austria  and  Geimainr.  I  am  deaixous  m  some 
informatioii  whether  tua  custom  is  deriTed  from 
the  Contineiit  of  Europe  or  not  and  whether  thia 
custom  is  peculiar  to  Downside.  Periiaps  some 
of  your  many  contributors  would  inform  me  upon 
this  pokt.  J.  S.  MoBttAV. 

XKUCBODe 

Eeos.^ — ^People  in  the  northern  parts  of  Ger- 
many will  tell  you— half  in  eameet— that  to  eroH 
one'a  face  with  the  first  new-lud  esg  of  a  chidDen 
that  has  been  hatched  in  spring  and  negins  to  lar 
ahortlr  before  Christmas  of  the  same  yeary  u 
oonsideired  the  means  of  improving  and  MantiQr- 
ing  the  Gompleiion.  HmiAinr  Bjdtdx^ 

Geimaigr. 

Fbidat,  trm  Uhlvoet  Dat. — A  newapaper 
paragraphi  whidi  appeared  during  the  last  time 

« A  anioos  sUtittleBl  ftot  has  Juit  been  puhlMisd  by 
alLlOnaid.  FHdigr  Is  ognddend  loch  an  unlaskj^^ 
iaFnaoi^  that  not  only  it  the  number  of  tm?dl«s  1^ 
rtn  miMh  MBsller  on  that  than  on  othsr  dsy^bot  tas 
dilfennee  is  abo  smri^y  ftit  in  ths  rsedpts  of  As 
oanibiisak** 

W.P. 

Fonov  EzxmAozB)  bt  xBAn  or  a  Oszocnr* 
In  Clkmnhtr^9  MucOm^  (PtotlO)  it  is  statedL 
that  when  the  plagoa  was  lagbg  In  LoBdoriy  t&a- 
OoUega  of  Physlmans  dx«w  up  a  pamphlet  eon-- 
talwiwg  diieotioBs  for  nrefentlng  the  spnad  of  the* 
peatOenoeu  and  alao  lor  cving  penMia  laftatedL 
with  it  Amaog  tiia  rnedwds  of  one  naa  lh» 
foUowing:— 

"Fall  off  ths  iwftttwfrnm  the  taHs  sf  Mm  MbK 


NOTES  AND  QUEIUES. 


[4a3.ir.DK.ii.<a«. 


Uitm  hard  to  iho  botch  ur  BwelliiiK,  anil  >o  hwp  tliem  st 
that  part  till  tlivr  die,  and  l>y  tliii  ni-'iiu.-t  ilruw  out  Ibe 
piriaan.  It  iaRoal  a1.i(itoanp[vncup[uii|;-Kla«SDri9ub«rii 
In  a  dbh,  witli  ■  haniiriil  uf  s^irnO  iigjuii  Ibv  irmben." 
This  mndo  iif  cxtrnctiii"'  n.ii-<an  is  »inii1ar  t<'  tiint 
meiilionud  bv  Joski'HL-.s  in  "X.  &  l}."  4">  S.  iv. 
330.  '  W.  Wklls. 

Welsh  ItBi'iso.irn.— "Tlio  ilnvil  was  l>cim  iu 
Wftles,  and  ull  tliu  WuLiU  uro  rolaU«<iiii."    M.  I). 
A   TooiniCHB  SuPEiwTiTiiis. — A  Dftvi'npoit 
(lon's)  lu.-iTNpiipcr  jiultUahcB  the  r)llnwiiig; — 

"Cliattln^  Willi  nil  sjchI  loily  we  nntlmiil  tliR  wiiiidfirAit 
prwerrailiin  nnd  bvau^  nf  hut  ti'etb,  and  conlil  nut  ivfMii 
Arom  innDtiuiiiii;;  it.  *Vev'  nid  Hhi-<  >  I  never  luid  a. 
touUiacbr  iir  lost  >  tuuth,  bcvauw  I  bit  thv  andie.'  On 
innuiry,  iibu  statcil,  that  wliuu  uhiblrMi  at  bnnw  thvli 
Athcr  hail  mad*  thtiii  blto  a  raltl(!iiiialu\  lie  hidiliog  the 
leptilc  by  tlic  hiwl  ami  tail ;  >«nh  diibl  Int  aloni;  Ibv 
entircIiMi^h  of  the  backbone,  nut  viuhaitlv,  but  Jiut  no  .1: 
to  indent  the  skin ;  nn<l  thin  wa*  con%iJercil  nn  infallible 
recipe  aKninat  toi>tliachi'  aoil  decay,  and  wliivh  tlie  ulil 
lady  beliei-ea  up  to  thu  preuiit  huur." 

UXBDA. 
Phitnddphia. 

Dm'ONHniBB  SciT.EaxiTiON :  Parsi.ei.— Theca 
is  no  English  county  in  which  supcrslition 
still  lingers  moro  widely  tlian  in  Devon.  Uno 
of  the  lut  strongholds  of  the  Celtic  popula- 
tion in  the  aouth-weat,  it  still  retains  itiucb  uf  the 
old  Celtic  SfiffiSaiuaffa.  It  venerutu."  piit-litirba  ; 
and  we  may  almost  eaj  of  it,  aa  JuTcnal  aaid  of 
"  fanatic  Egypt "  — 

"  Porrum  vt  cwpo  netan  viul.irp,  aul  rranRinv  morsa. 

O  iiauctiu  Kcntvii,  quibni  lixc  uomaintur  in  bortis 

Numinat" 

It  ia  an  opinion  widely  spread  in  Bcvoiuihire 

that  to  transplant  parsley  is  an   ofTeiice  against 

the  guardian  genius  who   presides   over  parsley 

beds,  vhich  will  bo  punished  by  the  certain  death 

either  oF  the  otfendcr  himself,  or  of  somo  member 

of  bis  family,  within  tlie  course  of  a  year  after  the 

committal  of  the  olfence. 

Every  one  knows  how  sn[wrstiti( 
Ureeka  were  in  the  matter  of 
were  accustamed  to  bestrew 
dead  with  thi.t  herb,  the  herb  itself  acquired 
tunong  them  an  ominous  si^'nificnnce,  and  SiTo-Sat 
vtKtrov  became  a  common  saving  respecting  any 
one  who  appeared  on  the  point  of  death.  It  is 
recorded  by  I'lutnrch  that  a  few  mules  loaded 
with  porsley  threw  into  a  panic  fear  a  whole 
Greek  army  on  its  march  ti^ainst  an  i;iiemy. 

In  Devonshire  the  herb  ilself  is  eaten  without 
scruple ;  it  is  the  act  of  transplanting  it  which 


er  of  parsley.    .\a  they 
trew  the  tombs  of  the 


IlEyuv  Ckommlet.    ] 

ViRiiix  AXi>  (!iiiLi>.— I  bi'Iiuvii  it  is  slill  the  I 

custom  at  Newoasttu-Kn-Tyiiu  to  inuke  "  paste 

Virgiiw"   at   Christnins ;   nnd   I  well   R-inember  ' 

■'  - 1  when  I  was  a  tliild  a  kind  laily  fri.-n.l  used  | 


>  make  each  of  u 


pastry,  with  currants  for  eyes  and  the  onuman- 
tatiou  of  tho  dresses.  She  was  a  reUtiTe  of  tha 
late  Dr.  Hugh  Moines  of  Newcastle,  and  I  belisra 
had  been  brought  up  tliere.  Is  anything  pftrticoltr 
liiiown  a.1  to  the  ori^nu  of  the  cuatom  or  the 
extent  to  which  It  prevails  F  J.  T.  F. 

Tbo  Colluge,  Karat  iiierpoint. 
BlCKIXGlIAaMIIIll]]       SUPERSTITIOR :       CsABH 

ton  CkamI'.— On  the  Chiltems  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Triug  the  superstition  exists  thU  if  you 
wet  your  lln}Mr  and  pign  a  cross  on  your  foot  it 
immediately  cures  "  pins  ond  needles." 

J.  Bushax  Si^nntn 

Old  Customs  at  Dgddiicstox. — From  time 
iinmemoriHl.  on  November  '2'2,  a  fair  haa  baan 
held  annually  at  Dcddington,  formerly  k  market- 
town  in  the  north  of  Oxfordshire,  for  tbe  aola  of 
horses,  cows,  pigH,  &c,  and  a  number  of  atalU  and 
sliown  are  put  up  in  the  old  morliet-Titace.  The 
tradespeople  and  others  bad  tiscd  to  nave  all  bat 
open  liousekeoping  for  their  friends  tad  eat- 
tomers,  but  this  has  much  diminiahed. 

One  peculiarity  connected  with  it  ia,it  is  ckUed 
''  I'uddmg-14L'I'nir,"andwoebetidea  that  farmer, 
when  ho  ^'els  home  from  the  gathering,  if  he  liae 
not  brought  some  "pudding-pies"  I  Thebaken 
and  othiTB  set  to  wurK  a  week  or  ten  daja  before- 
haud  preparing  these  eatables;  and  tlthmi^  manj 
hundreds  arc  baked,  most  of  them  dii^^au  1^ 
the  evening  of  the  twenty-second. 

These  are  made  by  setting  up  a  cruet  oompowd 
of  Hour  mixed  with  milk  or  water,  and  mutton 
suet  melted  and  poured  into  it  hot  Tbaea  ouet^ 
which  nre  set  up  like  meat  pie-cmsts^  are  thm 
placed  in  the  sun  for  a  day  or  two  to  etifiD. 
They  vary  in  size  from  about  three  to  four  iiidNi 
in  diameter,  and  are  about  nne  inch  deep.  'WbM 
thoroughly  hard  ihey  are  filled  with  the  nma 
materials  ns  plum-puddings  are  made  of,  aad 
wtieii  baked  nve  sold  at  twopence,  threepence^  and 
fourpence  each. 

Ono  more  custom  which  used  to  be  obanred 
here  on  this  davl  will  mention.  Norember  SS  it 
St.  Cecilia's 'Day  ";  and  till  within  the  lait 
half  ceuturr  »  bmid  used  to  usher  iu  the  bit 
by  going  round  tlio  town,  about  four  o'clock  ia 
the  morning,  headed  by  an  old  mas  vho  earned 
a  largo  horn  lantern,  and  who,  after  a  time  had 
been  played  at  the  vicarage  and  at  varioua  other 
accustomed  halting-ploceii,  used  to  call  ant, 
"  I'list  fiiiir  o'clock  and  a  cloudy  (01  starlight 
moniiiig) ;  I  wish'o  a  merrv-  fiur."  The  d^  ntta 
tlie  fair  these  musicinni*  used  to  go  to  certain 
Imuses  to  amuse  the  viutors  who  remuoed  with 
their  melodies,  for  which  thev  were  revreided  with 
u  pisniifiil  snpply  of  the  "'Fair-tap."  Had  SL 
Cei'iiia  witnessed  the  proceedings  of  these  patiou 


Virgin  aiid  Child"  in  [  of  her  art,  particularly  after  they  had  1 


'»S.  IV.  Di-if 


II,  TS.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


fiiiisli'.'d  IlireH  roiiiidfl  on  l!ie  second 

certainly  would  nut  biive  folt  lieraclf  honoured  by 

tlicir  patron  ago. 

Cnii^ny  ol'  your  coiresp indents  state  wLetLet 

similnr  customs  aro    oluservc-d  in  «ny  other  pait 

of  l''nL-l!iad,  or  thron"  uuy  li"-lit  upon  tLeir  origin? 

U.  Pavlkslk. 

"  iiAriK-ovr.Hs  FOK  SlKnnT,i;rts."— An  old  nurse 
in  our  familj  often,  in  coiivcting  us  for  touching 
lliinpi  we  fiuftLt  not.  used  to  say,  "  Hwe-ovcrs 
for  iQt!<Idlera,"  a  snviiig  Ihc  e.vnct  meuniDg  of 
ivliiph  li:ifl  often  pMiixk'd  nii^  in  later  fcnrs ;  hut  at 
tho  time  it  npiwnreil  to  carry  witli  it  sonie  nwful 
mystery,  whii-lt  hnd  tho  desired  eSect  rerhnps 
wmo  of  your  iTndera  Termed  in  folk-lore  may  aujf- 
ge^t  nn  ansn-er.  A. 

[The  phrnin  is  iwrhsps  brtler  knoivn  an  "  L«rMivera 
r-<r  iUMleis,"  signifi-ln;;  a  tvaclicr  or  master  cn-cr  lliwe 
Willi  an-  continnnllv  meddliiii;  witli  wbat  thev  nuj-ht 
not.  Mile  "  X.  &  ()."  li"'!  S.  vi.  4S1 ;  vii.  3H,  I3B,  325.— 
Kd.] 

Dkvonsuibi:  Fot.k  Lor.B :  Uite  OF  AN  Aldbe. 
(4"-  S.  iv.  .'Vd .)— It  is  a  curious  thing  that  I  have 
observed  nearly  tho  samp  mode  of  cure  practifed 
amongst  the  Ilottentots  in  the  Kitt  Uiver  settle- 
men!,  on  tlie  ca.stem  frontier  of  the  Cape  Colony, 
for  the  Into  of.  a  snake.  A  few  feathers  are 
plHclced  from  the  breast  of  a  fowl,  and  a  small 
incision  made  in  tho  skiii,  to  whicli  the  wound  is 

plied ;  niter  some  time  tlic  pi'ocesB  ia  repeated, 
"  wis,  it  is  said,  dying  na  the  poi«on  extracted  I 
u  the  wound  opi-rales  on  them.  If  I  recollect 
nriffht,  I'ringle,  iu  liid  A'arraUce  of  a  Kcsidence  in 
Smith  Africa,  mcutious  the  gninc  thin^;  as  a  usual  j 
TonWy  amongst  the  Uutcli  boers.  On  scientific 
principles,  it  might  he  explained  that  the  vacuum  . 
cniiBed  by  the  dost'  adhesion  of  tho  wounda  may  I 
probably  withhold  the  poison  from  acting  on  the  I 
ciri'uiation  in  the  human  body,  until  it  became,  as 
it  were,  nentralisi'd  or  absorbed  iiitii  that  of  the 
fowl;  the  applicalion  of  a  cupping-glaiss  boin^  ' 
also  offen  found  effectual.  H.  Hall.     I 


boards  had  to  be  lifted  up.  The  bees,  however, 
nover  took  any  notice  of  this  seizure  of  property 
for  rent. 

Before  drinking  a  tumbler  of  cold  water  the 
otlier  day  iu  Folkestone  I  wished  the  donor 
"Good  health,"  and  was  astonished  at  being 
asked,  "What,  then,  do  you  wish  me  bad  luckP" 
'  chy  io  place  Beilows  or  Bunts  or  Shoes  o> 


Loc.vL  Hjitxes.— The  following  are  verv  old 
locnl  rhymes  relating  to  towns  and  villages  m  the 
neighbourhood  of  Dunstable,     Perhaps  you  may 
think  them  worthy  of  a  place  in  "  N.  &  Q-"  ;— 
"  Little  BrickhUI, 
Great  BrIckhiU, 
UrUkbUl  in  tha  Bow, 
There  atand  thrae  BrickhlUa 


I  also  append  an  old  saying; — 

"  B«dfaidBhIre  buU-dogi, 
HeTtrordshira  hedge-hogi, 
BackiDgbameblre  giut  foola." 

II,  Qkogtenob. 
The  REI1BSE.43T:  A  Breton  Lbqbbd  (4'"  S, 
iv.  300.)— I  have  been  familiar  with  this  beautiful 
legend  for  many  years,  and  for  the  lost  ten  or 
twelve  have  been  meditating  a  short  story  there- 
upon, which  I  hope  will  soon  see  the  light.  I  do 
not  know  the  author  of  the  pretty  lines  quoted  by 
C.  McC.  I  am  afraid,  however,  that  there  are 
no  redbreasts  to  be  found  at  this  day  in  Palestine. 
In  warm  countries  the  robin  baa  a  tendency  to 
become  yellowish  in  hue.  As  an  ardent  admirer 
of  "  the  household  bird  with  the  red  stomacher," 
I  shall  never  forget  the  horror  which  overcame 
me  when  my  eye  lighted  on  this  item  in  the  bill 
of  fare  at  Willard'a  Hotel,  Washington,  B.C. : 
"Robins  on  toast"  G.  A,  Sala. 


Kext  Folk  \.my..—  Tu  iumrc  a  Hou'e  from 
Fire  — Before  going  to  a  new  residence,  plant  tho 
day  previously,  a  root  of  house-leek ;  the  leaves, 
liio,  of  which  are  ri'-garded  as  a  remedy  for  burns.  1 

Aiiiioiinciny  toJIee.i  the  Death  of  their  Master. —  ' 
This  ii!  almo,«t  invariably  done  in  Kent,  and  I 
think  that  in  your  first  series  I  communicated  an  ! 
ncconnt  of  an  instance  at  liromley,  where  the  bees  I 
■were  not  informed  oJtflnUii,  or,  perhaps,  I  should 
write,  rererciitiallti,  of  the  decease  of  the  master  of  j 
the  liousc,  that  they  consequently  deserted  the 
premises,  and  have  never  i^nce  returned.  These  I 
bees  were  netually  residing  in  tho  farm-house 
between  the  ceiling  of  tho  parlour  and  the  floor  of 
the  bed-room.    To  obtain  the  honey,  the  flooring-  | 


--   - , J<1  in  Etaliih  Lyrici  (London,  1868), 

When  1  renubltab  it  (os  I  ^h■1l.  perhipa,  do  ere  long)  jn 

iTolumeofmy  own  (inoludinRolher  occaalonil  poems),! 

ihall  introduce  a  Blight  alteralion  that  ma  made  just  loo 

lata  for  the  printers  of  EnglM  Z^nci.    Tha  lost  Ikie 

nill  then  mn  thus  (' the '  being  EulwtiCuted  for '  that ')— 

'  All  sacred  deem  the  hird  of  ruddy  breast."  " 

On  the  subject,  see  the  quotation  in  "  N.  &  Q." 

I''  S.  iv.  600,  from  Cummumcaliam  jdth  the  Unitat 

World  (by  the  late  Rev.  J.  M.  NeaJe,  D.D.,  I 

believe),  p.  36;  and  also  "N  &  Q."  V  S.  ii,  184. 

John  HoeiTng-ABBAHALL. 

Combe  Vicarage,  near  Woodstock. 

I  send  a  copy  of  acme  veraea  which  I  extnct«d 
from  a  provinnal  newspaper  three  oi  foni  yean 


508 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[itt"  8.  lY.  Dbc.  11,  *89. 


ajfo,  referring  to  the  legend  mentioned  in  ''N.  &  Q." 

4«»S.iv.  390:— 

*'  Sweet  Robin,  1  have  heard  them  say, 
That  thou  wert  there  upon  the  day 
That  Christ  was  crowned  in  cruel  scorn. 
And  bore  away  one  bleeding  thorn — 
That  so,  the  blush  upon  thy  breast 
In  shameful  sorrow  was  imprest ; 
And  thence  thy  genial  sympathy 
With  our  redeenfd  humanity. 

"  Sweet  Robin  I  would  that  I  miffht  be 
Bathed  in  mj'  Saviour's  blood,  like  thee ; 
Bear  in  my  breast,  whatever  the  loss, 
The  bleeding  blazon  of  the  cross. 
Live  ever  with  thy  loving  mind. 
In  fellowship  with  humankind ; 
And  take  my  pattern  still  from  thee, 
In  gentleness  and  constancy." 

These  verses  are  attributed  to  "  Bishop  Doane.*' 
Can  any  of  your  correspondents  give  me  any 
information  as  to  wh^n  and  where  this  bishop 
lived?  Are  there  any  other  productions  of  his 
published  ?  W.  Wells. 

Latton,  Wilts. 

[The  above  lines  are  probably  by  Dr.  Georpre  Wash- 
ington Doane,  Bishop  of  Xew  Jersey,  bom  in  1799 ;  died 
April  27,  1859.  His  contributions  to  literature  and  theo- 
log}'  were  many  and  voluminous,  and  his  poems  Songs  by 
theJVay,  1824,  have  been  much  admired. — Ed.  J 


bo(;garts  and  feorin. 

Though  our  district  (Lees,  near  Oldham)  does  not 

appear  to  have  had  as  many  objects  of  terror  as 

some  others  a  few  miles  away,  yet  there  were  a 

few  haunted  places,  which  enjoyed  an  evil  fame, 

and  past  which,  with  hair  stood  up  (Job  iv.  15) 

nocturnal  wayfarers  ran  upon  tip-toe,  or,  as  the 

Saddle  worth  poet  expresses  it — 

"  The  nijjlit-lorn  hie. 
And  horror-struck  pass  by.** 

Dividing  our  parish  from  Oldham,  flows  Lees 
brook,  one  of  the  three  main  heads  of  the  river  Med- 
lock,  and  this  was  specially  the  gamboling  ground 
of  several  varieties  of  **  feorin.''  One  form  of  bog- 
gart displayed  itself  in  the  shape  of  headless 
trunks  or  "  men  'bout  ^yeads,"  as  the  villagers 
termed  tliem ;  and  another  in  the  semblance  of 
"  horses  'bout  yeads."  In  addition  to  these  un- 
couth travellers  along  the  bed  of  the  brook,  or 
rather  on  the  surface  of  its  waters,  was  the 
**  brook-rider,"  in  the  form  of  a  wild  white  horse, 
which  used  to  come  galloping  down  the  stream. 
Strangely  enough,  considering  its  name,  this  ter- 
rible horse  was  destitute  of  rider. 

One  of  our  thoroughfare:',  formerly  called  Sorcey 
Lane,  but  latterly  designated  Church  Street  by 
our  local  board,  "was  once  noted  for  the  many 
unearthly  forms  which,  after  dark,  flitted  along 
its  short  length.  One  of  the  old  dwellings  acquired 
the  name  of  ''  Boggart  House,"  in  consequence 
of  its  being  haunted  by  a  hobgoblin  having  the 


appearance  of  a  calf,  some  said  with  a  cap  on  iti 
head,  and  others  a  frill  round  its  neck.  A  cellar 
in  the  same  lane  was  occupied  by  an  old  jroman, 
who,  it  was  believed,  had  "  made  awa^^  with 
two  children,  whose  restless  spirits,  in  consequence 
of  non-interment  in  consecrated  giound,  were 
often  seen  wandering  about  the  spot  where  they 
dwelt  when  in  the  body. 

Occasionally  in  the  plashy  meadows  "Jack" 
or  "  Peggy- with-lanthom  "  was  yimble  after  dark, 
dancing  and  gamboling  away  in  impossible  jumpa, 
and  folks  there  were  who,  in  the  language  of  the 
poet  just  quoted  — 

'  '*  Had  been  kept  at  bay. 
By  Jack-with-lanthom  till  *twas  day.*' 

Within  a  short  distance  of  us,  just  within  the 
borders  of  Yorkshire — for  boggarts  neyer  trespass 
on  each  other's  domains — the  ^'  padfoot "  was  seen, 
but  the  spectator  was  safe  from  his  assaults  when 
gaining  the  Lai^cashire  side  of  the  border.    A 
boggart  of  some  description,  though  what  was 
not  clearly  defined,  once  infested  a  footpath  beside 
a  fence  in  Leesfield,  below  the  site  of  our  present 
church.    One  night  a  roistering  braggart  dedazed 
he  would  go  and  see  the  boggrart.    Something  he 
saw  which  acted  as  a  purgative,  but  what  it  was 
he  never  did  nor  could  tell — ^but  he  became  an 
dtered  man.    A  short  distance  away  lies  the  lull- 
side  hamlet  of  Hartshead,  and  there  a  auicids 
having  been  interred  at  a  '*  three  lane  endsy"  a 
boggart,  in  the  language  of  our  informanty  was 
ever  after  to  be  seen  or  dreaded.    Of  course  the 
march  of  education,  and  the  introdnction  of  finsh 
inhabitants  caused  by  commercial  enterprise,  hare 
blown  many  of  the  old  beliefs  to  the  winds,  yet 
su])erstition  is  not  extinct,  but  merely  modified. 
Spirit-rapping    and   table-turning,   and  nativity 
castings  are  not  the  only  forms  m  which  it  pre- 
sents itself.    Singularly  enough,  the  wom-horse 
is  still  to  be  seen  afiixed  to  stable  doors,  as  at 
Kound thorn,  in  order  to  insure  good  luck  and 
repel  all  evil  influences.    Finally,  we  will  con- 
clude with  a  story  showing  that  tne  rectors  of  the 
old  parish  of  Ashton  were  of  some  use  in  those 
davs,  and  not  like  the  present  rector,  who  has  not 
visited  his  curtailed  parish  for  a  generation  or 
more,  but  delegated  his  duties  to  curates.     Well 
then,  more  than  a  century  ago,  the  residents  in 
Hartshead  were  kept  in'  constant  alarm  by  a 
strange-looking  boggart  which  passed  that  way 
once  every  week  at  least,  until  they  dared  not  atir 
out  of  doors  after  dark.    At  length  a  consultation 
of  the  residents  was  held  in  the  daylight,  for  they 
durst  not  visit  each  other  after  nightftU,  and  it 
was  resolved  to  send  a  deputation  to  the  rector. 
After  listening  to  their  statements  and  a  abort 
consideration,  he  undertook  to  lay  the  apparition. 
Accordingly  on   the  eve  of  its  next  expected 
appearance  he  resorted  to  a  nanow  lane  wfidi  it 


!"■  S.  IV.  Due.  11,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


509 


usunlly  traversed,  and  carefully  concealed  himself 
ill  tlui  brambles  on  one  side.  Having, cut. a- lolJg 
hazel  rod  from  the  liedge,  he  held  it  k^u|^fiu|pht 
across  the  road,  arguing  that  if  the  n pf  n r|nM  J^ 
''  immaterial"  it  Avoiild  pass  by  withoili||^WP&^ 
liis  stick,  but  if  it  were  "  material "  it  would 
push  it  on  one  side  in  its,  progress.  The  night' 
was  dark,  but  after  waiting  some  time  he  not  only 
lieard,  but  actually  beheld  the  "  terror"  approach- 
in  g.  Its  form  was  that  of  a  huge  coffin,  draped 
ill  l)lack,  and  borne  on  the  shoulders  of  four  stal- 
wart fellows,  who  knocking  the  rod  on  one  side, 
were  astonished  at  the  parson  jumping  out  of  his 
hidiuiT  place  and  rushing  in  amongst  them.  Down 
went  their  burden,  and  as  soon  as  they  recovered 
from  their  fright,  oft'  took  they  to  their  heels, 
leaving  tlie  parson  in  possession.  A  few  moments 
conviuced  him  that  the  carriers  were  mortal  men, 
the  colIin  was  an  oblong  hamper  filled  with  sheep 
and  covered  by  a  sham  pall,  and  that  this  cajolery 
had  been  long  and  ellectually  employed  to  dis- 
guise habitual  sheep-stealing  on  the  adjacent 
lonely  moors.  John  Higson. 

Lees,  near  Oldham. 


OLD  WEATHER-WIT. 


In  paying  a  little  attention  to  the  weather,  I 
have  jotted  down  from  time  to  time  scraps  of  old 
weather-wit,  such  as  I  now  send  for  January  and 
February.  My  researches  have  not  extended  very 
far;  but  if  the  adages  are  considered  worthy  of 
reappearance  in  "  N.  &  Q./'  they  are  much  at  the 
Editor's  service :  — 

JANUARY. 

I.  In  general:  — 

*'  March  in  Janiveer, 
Janiveer  in  March  I  fear." 

"  Si  tonitruum  fucrit  significat  abundantiam  fruf?um 
anno." — Sarum  MSS.  XV.  Century ,  quoted  by  J.  C.  J.  in 
"  N.  &  Q."  Dec.  10,  1859. 

II.  In  respect  of  ceHain  days:  — 

1st.  Feast  of  Circumcision.     Kalends. 

*'  If  Janiveer  Calends  be  summerly  gay, 
'Twill  be  winterly  weather  till  the  Calendi  of  May." 

Oth.  Feast  of  Epiphany.     Twelfth  Day. 

•*  At  Twelfth  day  the  days  are  lengthened  a  cock's 

stride." 

25tli.  Conversion  of  St.  Paul. — Prognostics  of 
the  weather  were  in  former  times  drawn  very 
largely  from  the  appearances  of  this  day.   I  select 

the  following:  — 

"  Clara  dies  Pauli  bona  tempora  denotat  anni. 
Si  nix  vel  pluvia,  designat  tempora  chara. 
Si  fiant  venti,  designat  prsclia  genti. 
Si  fiant  nebula',  pereunt  animalia  qasequsc." 

Cole's  MS.,  B.  M. 

**  If  S.  Paul's  day  be  fair  &  clear, 
It  does  betide  a  liappy  year. 


'.  f  ^ ;  |Bjat  if  it  chance  to  snow  or  rain, 
*  '.*    .  ,j5pd  ^ill  be  dear  all  kind  of  grain, 
".^^^rr  clouds  &  mists  do  dark  the  sky, 
'  *  '"    Great  store  of  birds  &  beasts  shall  die. 
And  if  the  winds  do  fly  aloft, 
Then  wars  shall  vex  the  kingdom  oft." 

Willsford,  Nature's  SecreU,  p.  146,  quoted 
by  Brand,  i.  41. 

FEBRUARY. 

I.  In  general:  — 

"  February  fill  dike, 
Be  it  black  or  be  it  white, 
But  if  white  the  better  like." 

"  Si  tonitruum  fuerit  significat  maxime  mortem  diri- 
tum." — XV.  Century. 

"  Februeer 
Doth  cut  &  shear." 

II.  In  respect  of  certain  days : — 

2nd.  Purification  of  B.  V.  Mary.  Candlemas^ 
Day. — ^This  was  also  a  very  favourite  day  for  pre- 
dicting weather ;  I  select  a  few  out  of  the  maay 
forms  in  which  the  forecasts  were  expressed :  — 

**  Si  Sol  splendescat  Mari&  purificante 
Mtyor  erit  glacies  post  festum  quam  fait  ante." 

^  If  Candlemas  be  fair  &,  clear. 
There  '11  be  two  winters  in  one  year." 

'*  As  far  as  the  Sun  shines  in  at  the  window  on  Candle- 
mas day,  so  deep  will  the  snow  be  ere  winter  is  gone." 

The  day  is  particularly  noted  here  (in  Suffolk)^ 

as  indicative,    if  fair,    of  mishaps  in  lambing. 

Hence  we  have  this  adage :  — 

*'  If  Candlemas  be  fine  &  clear, 
The  shepherd  would  as  lief  see  his  wife  on  her  bier.*^ 

3rd.  :  — 

"  When  Candlemas  is  come  &  gone. 
Then  does  the  snow  lie  on  a  hot  stone." 

14th.  St.  Valentine. 

**  Saint  Valentine 
Set  thy  hopper  by  mine," 

[t.  e.  as,  I  suppose,  for  sowing.] 

24th.  St.  Matthias. 

*•  Saint  Matthi 
All  the  year  goes  by  " ; 

[**  Because,"  as  Kay  rather  mysteriouslpr  explains,  "  in 
leap  year  the  supernumerary  day  is  then  intercalated."] 

**  Saint  Matthew 

Get  candlesticks  new ; 
Saint  Matthi 
Lay  candlesticks  by." 


W.  H.  S. 


Yaxley. 


I 


CHAUCER'S  BOB-UP-AXD-DOWX. 

The  question  has  been  raised  in  TheAthenaum 
and  one  of  the  Kent  papers,  whether  the  place 
called  Bob-up-and-down,  in  the  Manctple^B  Pro- 
logue^  should  not  properly  be  identified  with  Than- 
nington  instead  of  Harbledown.  It  is  not  denied 
that  the  present  main  road  to  Canterbury  was  the 
same  as  uiat  used  by  the  pilgrims,  but  as  a  reason 


510 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  llf^^ppo,  U,  W. 


for  ayoiding  this  direct  course,  it  ifl  stated,  a 
number  of  questionable  cliaracters  resided  at  the 
foot  of  Boughton  Hill,  and  this  may  Lave  induced 
the  pilffrims  to  leave  the  main  thoroughfare  and 
go  to  the  southward,  following  a  circuitous  route 
by  small  country  lanes  to  Canterbury.  Another 
reason  given  is  that  the  badness  of  the  road  at 
the  foot  of  Boughton  Hill  is  mentioned  by  Lyd- 
gate,  and  on  that  account  the  hill  may  have  been 
avoided. 

For  the  sake  of  argument  I  will  assume  Boughton 
Hill  was  infested  with  thieves  in  Chaucer's  time. 
I  do  not  believe  they  would  have  been  able  to 
cope  with  such  a  strong  party  of  travellers  oe  our 
friends  the  pilgrims.  Supposing  a  doubt  existed, 
and  the  pilgrims  wished  to  avoid  these  cut- 
throats, surely  going  out  of  the  proper  course 
half  a  mile  to  the  southward  would  not  be  any 
use,  because  they  could  easily  be  followed.  I 
refuse  to  believe  the  locality  ever  had  a  Gad's 
Hill  repute,  and  I  challenge  any  one  to  produce 
a  speck  of  evidence  to  support  any  such  supposi- 
tion. Hasted  gives  an  account  oi  how  the  Ville 
of  Dunkirk  came  into  existence  in  his  own  time. 
He  states  a  lot  of  questionable  characters  took  up 
their  quarters  on  the  skirts  of  the  Blcan  woods 
near  Boughton  Hill,  and  they  could  not  be  dis- 
lodged. On  this  account  the  place  wi\h  called  Dun- 
kirk. Until  that  time  the  spot  was  a  wild  common 
and  uninhabited. 

The  badness  of  the  road  at  the  foot  of  Bough- 
ton EUill  proves  nothing.  I  am  quite  prepared  to 
admit  the  road  was  bad,  but  it  scorns  to  me  in- 
cumbent on  any  one  who  gives  this  as  a  reason 
for  avoiding  the  usual  route  to  give  some  sort  of 
evidence  that  other  roads  were  better.  It  would 
be  strange  if  a  grand  ])ublic  thoroughfare  was 
discarded  for  mean  little  country  lanes. 

I  assume  the  Thannington  theory  would  be 
unheard  of  were  it  not  for  the  name  of  Up-and- 
down  Field  at  that  place.  Ilarblcdown  is  ob- 
jected to  because  Chaucer  does  not  use  a  nickname 
to  denote  any  other  place  on  the  road.  To  this 
I  reply,  the  expression  yclept  Bob-up-and-down 
is  not  used  in  any  other  case :  for  this  reason  it 
seems  reasonable  to  suppose  the  popular  name 
only  is  intended.  Take,  as  an  example  of  this, 
the  "Prentys*'  mentioned  in  the  Cook\i  Talvj 
who  could  dance,  sing,  play  at  dice,  or  do  any- 
thing but  attend  to  his  master's  business  :  he  was 
yclept  Perkyn  Revellour :  I  presume  no  one  sup- 
poses anythinj»:  but  a  nickname  is  here  given. 
These  are  a  few  reasons  out  of  many  why  I  think 
the  old  theory  in  favour  of  Hjirbledown  does  not 
stand  a  ghost  of  a  chance  of  being  upset. 

Oeokge  Be  do. 

C,  Pulrosd  Tvoad,  Brixton. 


ZAKT :  A  FRAGMENT  ON  SHAKSPKBEAN 
GLOSSARIES.  (£tf.  Av.  N«  Mft.) 

BiRov.  '*  Some  carry-talc^  some  pleue-man,  some  sUglifi 
zany, — Low?M  labmtrt  wjf,  act  5  wene  2.    Ed.  Dyoa. 

sIalvOuo.  **I  protest,  I  take  thcM  wise  men,  that 
orow  BO  at  those  set  kind  of  fools,  no  better  than  thefooi^ 
zamea-^^—Twelfih-Hiffht,  act  1.  mxtu  5.   Ed.  ^yoe. 

The  last  of  the  tenna  said  to  be  imperfectly 
explained  is  sany.  The  leyiewer  devotes  to  it  two 
poffM  of  comment,  comprising  also  the  vaunt  of 
discovery,  which  is  fts  sure  to  come  out  on  eveiy 
occasion  as  the  whereas  of  a  royal  proclamatiaii. 

He  writes  about  sanies  with  as  much  familiarity 
as  if  he  had  lived  in  the  times  of  John  Stowe 
and  Edmond  Howes,  or  had  been  favoured  with  a 
sight  of  the  cryptic  treasures  of  Erancia  Donee 
esquire.  He  names  no  one  in  support  of  his  asser- 
tions) but  has  recourse  to  the  cneap  expedient  of 
a  wholesale  reference  to  the  EliKabethan  authors. 
I  cannot  compliment  him,  in  the  words  of  Shak- 
spere,  with  *'  thou  speakest  well  of  fools."  On  mt 
foolsj  alias  domestic  fools^  a  curious  theme^  he  is 
mute — but  on  tumblers  and  sanies  he  almost  reaches 
the  style  of  sir  Oracle.  I  must  quit  that  subject^ 
as  scarcely  within  my  design,  and  proceed  to  ex- 
amine some  particulars  of  more  urgency,  and  of 
a  more  tangible  nature. 

The  case  is  soon  stated.  The  northern  reviewer 
asserts,  1.  That ''  no  critic  has  yet  explained  what 
zany  really  means '' ;  and  2.  That  Mr.  Dyoa 
'^  misses  altogether  the  distinctive  tneaning  "  of  it 
The  southern  amateur-scribe  denies  boUi  asser- 
tions ;  and  submits  to  critics^  at  every  point  of  the 
compass,  the  evidence  which  justiiies  nis  conclu- 
sions. 

1.  '^  Xo  critic  has  yet  explained  what  sony  really 
means.** — Has  he  read  all  the  criticism  that  has 
been  printed  since  the  rise  of  that  class  of  beingsP 
Has  he  read  one  twentieth  part  of  the  mass  P  I 
doubt  it,  and  must  add  a  scrap  to  his  collections : 
^'11  faut  ctre  r6«crv6  surles  affirmations  ginirahs^ 
It  matters  not  whence  derived.  It  is  the  dictate 
of  common  sense.  Now  comes  my  evidence.  The 
substance  of  all  that  he  advances  appears  in  the 
English  Expositor  of  J.  Bullokar,  M.D.  m  two  Ones: 
^'  Zauie.  A  foolish  imitator  to  a  tumbler,  or  such 
like.'' — 1041 ,  and  so,  Gockeranii  1668.  Another 
definition  runs  thus :  ''  Zany,  1.  \lJtdUan\  a 
tumbler  who  procures  laughter  by  hia  mimiplr 
gestures,  &c. — E.  Coles,  1670.  I  shall  conclude 
with  an  instance  of  earlier  date :  ''  Zajts,  ih»  name 
of  lohn  —  Vsi'd  also  for  a  simple  vico,  downe^ 
foole,  or  Simple  felloice  in  a  plaie  or  comsdML-^ 
John  Florio,  1508." 

'2.  He  asserts  that  Mr.  Dyce  ''  misses  altoffether 
the  distinctive  fneaniny  "  of  amy.  The  evidence 
rer[uired  on  this  point  is  a  transcript  of  all  that 
relates  to  zatty  in  the  glossary.  This  I  shall 
give,  precisely  in  the  same  form,  but  with  the 
addition  of  br^^kets  to  point  out  the  small  per- 


4^  8.  !▼•  Dec  11,  '88J 


NOTES  AND  QT7ESIE& 


ill 


tion    of   it  which  it  pleased  the   xeTiewer  to 
quote :  — 

Foolfl'  zamu — The :  see  stamp, 

[Zany,  a  buffoon,  a  meny-andrew,  a  mimical  ii,  224 ; 
the  focis*  zanies  (wrongly  explained  by  Douce  tne  **fboi^ 
baubles,  which  had  upon  the  top  of  them  the  head  of  a 
/oo/")»iii.3S7. 

Can  any  comments  be  required  on  such  evidence 
of  the  fallacies  whidi  adhere  more  or  less  to  the 
art  and  mystery  of  anonymous  critidsmP  The 
facts  are  as  undeniable  as  a  geometric  axiom. 
The  reviewer  aspired  to  the  honour  of  a  discoven/. 
So  he  quotes  no  more  than  a  fragment  of  the 
glossary^  and  suppresses  the  portion  oi  it  which 
serves  to  refute  hia  pretensions  I  —  He  sets  at 
defiance  the  principles  of  literature,  the  principles 
of  equity,  and  the  claims  of  the  rev.  Alexander 
Dyce.  BoLTOK  Cobkbt, 

Barnes,  S.W.  3  Dec. 


Inedited  Lines  by  Btjrtok,  Authob  op  thb 

"  Anatomy  OP  Melancholy." — ^Having  found  a 

small  poem  by  this  lovable  old  worthy  that  m- 

nears  to  have  escaped  hia  biographera  and  the 

bibliographers,  it  may  find  a  place  in  ''N.&  Q.** 

It  is  one  of  the  memorial-Terses  prefixed  to  the 

following  tractate :  — 

*<  Death  Repealed  by  a  thankefyll  Memorial!  sent  flrom 
Christ  Church  in  Oxford,  celebrating  the  noble  deeerts  of 
the  Right  Honourable  Payle,  late  Lonl  Yisoount  Bayn- 
ing  of  Sudbury,  who  changed  his  earthly  honours  Inne 
the  11, 1638.    Oxford,  1638."  4to. 

I  give  the  lines — Latin  and  English — ^precisely 
as  they  appear  in  their  original  place,  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

**  In  obitum  lUustrissimi  Yiceoomitia  Bayning. 

'*  Quid  voveat  dulci  nutricnla  majua  Ainmno, 
Quam  bona  Fortunse,  Corporis  aU^^  Animi? 
£n  hsDc  Heroi  hoc  simul  omnia ;  quid  petat  ultra  ? 
Quid  potius  ?    Ccclum :  quod  novus  nospes  habet.** 
The  same  Englished. 

*'  Can  Nurse  choose  in  her  sweet  babe  more  to  find, 
Then  goods  of  Fortune,  Body,  and  of  Mind  ? 
Loe  here  at  once  all  this :  what  greater  blisse 
Can'st  hope  or  wish  ?    Heaven ;  why  there  he  is, 

Rob.  Bvrtox,  of  Ch.  Ch." 

AXEXANDEB  B.  GbOSABI. 

St.  George's,  Blackburn,  Lancashire. 

William  Cartwriqht  :  Sir  Johw  Dkhhax's 
'*  Cooper's  Hill." — 

"  Low  without  creeping,  high  w'thout  loss  of  wings ; 
Smooth,  yet  not  weak,  and  by  a  thorough  caie, 
Big  without  swelling,  without  painting  fair." 

These  lines  are  from  a  poem  "  On  the  Death  of 
Ben  Jonson,  Poet  Laureate."  That  Denham  had 
these  in  his  mind  when  he  composed  tho86|  too 
well  known  to  be  copied  in  '*N.  &  Q."  in  Ida 
'^  Cooper's  Hill/'  cannot,  I  think;  be  for  a  moment 
doubted ;  but  as  I  have  never  aeen  them  lefened 
to,  I  beg  to  direct  attenticn  to  them.    Ben  died 


1087,  and  I  auppoae  the  Eaes  w«ia  mttten  but  * 
Uttle  while  after.  Oartwrigiit  dkd  in  104S,  fhe 
aame  year  in  wlddi  BenluHn'a  poem  waa  pub- 
lished ;  but  that  the  latter  waa  the  oopieri  bad 
these  been  room  ibr  doubt  of  dats^ia  proved  by 
their  superior  elegance  of  eipnaadoiu 

X  A.G. 

Fbozt.— I  have  heaid  tlda  word  used  in  Hunt- 
ingdimshire  as  an  a^ectiye,  signifying  quicSttem- 
ymd,  nettleoome,  Adgefyi  and  applied  Doth  to  a 
man  and  a  home.  Oxttebsbt  Bmi. 

Si.  AHBBxwa  UxrinmsEzr  m>  ira  Rbgxobsw— 
By  the  old  chaxten  of  tlua  uniTerntgr,  confirfaed 
under  pi^  buUi^  the  reetor  was  to  ne  annuaUj 
chosen  br  the  profeasora  and  matriimkted  ata- 
denta.  But  the  choiee  of  the  eleetora  waa  nn 
strieted  to  four  persona  holding  jprofessorial  Mcm^ 
These  were  smed  ^vixi  muoiia  dignitatia  et 
nominis  "  and  ^vizi  rectoiales/'  It  ImoTed  the 
eleetoit  to  make  ehoiee  of  one  of  the  four  who 
haA  be^  three  jsaia  out  of  office,  so  that  the 
annual  election  of  reetor  waa  merely  a  fuoe.  But 
Ihose  in|[6nious  youtlia  who,  aa  Mrani$  of  tiie 
lour  eleetmg  naUSnSf  discharged  routine  duty  on 
the  ooeanan  'wereu  along  witii  their  propoaera  or 
pnemvimt,  invitsd  by  the  profiMsoia  to  a  zite- 
tion  of  wine  and  cake  at  tne  dose  of  the  oena- 
monial;  and  no  doubt  this  bestowal  of  hooonm 
aer?ed  to  perpetuate  the  abuse.  On  two  occ»« 
■ions  duruff  a  penod  of  four  centuries^  the 
electors  violated  the  lawa  of  the  univendty  by 
nominating  extrinsic  rectors.  Both  these  violfr- 
tions  took  place  witliin  the  last  half  centurr^  the 
persona  then  chosen  aa  rectors  being  Sir  Walftar 
Scott  and  Dr.  Thomaa  Chahnem. 

l^e  record  of  the  rector*a  annual  election  had 
for  a  coarse  of  centuries  been  couched  in  a  stereo- 
typed Latin  form,  but  a  deviation  was  demanded 
in  March,  1825,  when  1^  **  Senatus  Academicua'* 
assembled  to  annul  the  election  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott  I  subjoin  the  minute  as  recorded  in  the 
Ada  Jtedcrumf  or  Bectorial  Begister :  *- 

^Swtimo  dia  ifartia  xdcoczzv.  habitii  Aeadea^a 
Comitm  in  pablioo  ^nsdeni  anditorio  pro  NoH  Baetaris 
dectloiia,  hononUrfUs  pluimam  Domhrai^  Bsaiinas  Gad- 
tenis  Soott,  equat  aniatiu^  Jiuia  kgnoiqiw  peritM^  ae 
Seriptomm  Mi  toapoiii  prineapt  alaetas  Mfe  Baolot; 
Haeoa  antcni  alaotloiie  ligiibiit  Aoaoiaihi  V!lolati%  Dondnoa 
IntmatsB  rqgimtpnMB  atvir  a  Icglhaa  reeognttoi  reaaa- 
datns  ««et  Hi  antam  pn^wdti  tenaoea  abniMrant  at 
Ooaritie  aimt  dimiasa.  Die  poilva  Senatai  Aoadenioaa 
Seversndom  virom  Doetoram  Bobertimi  HaldanaPwaie* 
toran  sDonini  eopywitoip  praidflni*  etqaa  Aandinds 
nroBMwtMHa  "*  aaflaiB  saQesotaaB.  oooitttosEiSK. 

It  will  be  remarked  that  the  profoaieta  had 
no  heeitati(m  in  asngnhur  to  Sir  Walter  Seott 
the  authonhip  of  tito  Wmmiem  i^Teeata  Br. 
Ohalmers  waa  chosen  rector  in  1848,  tiba  year  of 
the  d&vimtioii  of  ih»  BoMA  daadu  On  Hat 
oceaaiflnlwaa  meamt  Byreeent  lugMatiim  m 
extriiaie  raetn  la  attowady  who  ia  ekM^not  If 


512 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4tt8.IY.  Du.li,<IB9. 


nations,  but  by  the  individual  votes  of  the  gowns- 
men. He  holds  office  for  three  years.  Mr.  Froudo 
the  historian  was  chosen  in  18GS  at  the  expiry 
of  Mr.  Stuart  Mill's  term  of  oflice. 

Charles  Rogers,  LL.D. 
Snowdonn  Yilla,  Lcwisham. 

BrnLiooRAPii Y  of  Punctuation. — Yourreadors 
may,  perhaps,  forgive  me  for  making  a  beginning 
towards  a  collection  of  separate  treatises  on  the 
rules  or  laws  of  punctuation.  Nos.  1  and  2  (of 
the  undemotcd  list)  are  unnoticed  by  Mr.  Bohn 
in  liis  excellent  edition  of  Lotvn<ic8.* 

1.  **  A  New  Essay  on  Panctuation  :  being  an  Attempt 
to  reduce  the  Practice  of  Pointing  to  the  Government  of 
Distinct  and  Explicit  Kales,  by  which  every  Point  may 
be  accounted  for  after  the  manner  of  Parsing.  Divide, 
distingue,  et  impera.  By  Thomas  Stackhouse.  Ijondon  : 
Printed  for  the  author,*^  by  T.  Bensley,  Bolt  Court,  Fleet 
Street ;  and  Sold  by  West  and  Ilug'hes,  40,  Paternoster 
Row.  1800." 

2.  **  A  Complete  System  of  Punctuation ;  founded  and 
established  upon  fixed  principles :  whereby  Authors, 
Literary  Men,  and  the  Heads  of  Classical  and  Domestic 
ICatablishments  may  become  Proficients  in  an  attain- 
ment which  is  indispensable  to  secure  Elegance  with  Per- 
spicuity of  Language.  By  Charles  James  Addison.  Lon- 
don :  Samuel  Bagster,  bookseller.  No.  15,  Paternoster 
Row.  Knight  and  Bagster,  Printers,  14,  Bartholomew 
Close.   ic.Dccc.xxvi." 

3.  "  Traite'  de  Ponctuation,  par  L.  Girault,  Prote  et 
Correcteur  d'Imprimcrie.  4*  edition.  A  Paris,  chez  Philip- 
part,  Jjibraire,  2  Boulevard  Montniartre,  et  chez  tons  les 
Libruires  de  la  France  [no  date].  Bibliothdque  pour 
tout  le  Monde." 

T.  S.  Criepp. 

More  New  Words. — An  Ohio  newspaper  now 
before  me  says,  that  **  Indiana  wants  to  be  called 
the  'Gridiron  State*  in  reference  to  the  nutuerosify 
of  railroads;''  and  it  quotes  another  Ohio  news- 

Saper  as  saying  that  Mr.  Pendleton  is  "  the  only 
emocrat  whose  nomination  to  the  highest  oflice 
of  the  state  could  enthuse  the  democracy  of  Ohio.- ' 

Uneda. 
Philadelphia. 

Early  Use  of  a  Proverb.— .The  Rev.  George 
Kendall,  in  the  epistle  dedicatory  to  his  work 
called  Sancti  Satuiti,  remarks  that  the  present 
time — 

**  Scome  to  look  on  any  doctrine  or  practise  in  religion, 
but  what  is  (if  I  may  have  leave  to  use  my  Idiom  of 
Cornwall,  before  your  Senate  of  Cambridge)  spack  and 
gpang  new." 

P.  W.  TREPOLrEN. 

Initials. — There  seems  to  be  a  growing  uncer- 
tainty in  the  use  of  initial  letters  as  indicative 
of  Christian  names.  Any  one  who  has  much  to 
do  with  names  and  would  bo  accurate — for  ex- 
ample, in  compiling  an  index  of  any  periodical 
or  in  forming  a  directory — finds  great  diiliculties 
set  in  his  way  by  an  indefinite  and  indiscriminate 
use  and  abuse  of  initials.     We  used  to  be  taught  / 

*  Of  course  No.  3  was  not  within  his  range. 


stands  for  John,  J  stands  for  Jamea^  E  for  Ed- 
ward, and  the  like ;  but  now-a-days  there  is  no 
systematic  use  of  initials.  It  is  Tery  deaizmble 
that  there  should  be  some  received  mode  of  notiiig 
individuality.  There  used  to  be  tables  of  initiaD 
in  books,  which  entered  into  the  curricaliuii  of 
education ;  but  many  things  useful  to  be  known 
are  now  unknown,  because  the  old  books  ar» 
superseded,  and  the  good  things  in  them  not  re- 
tained. Deo  Dttck 

Alsiee. — Whv  is  the  trifdium  hyhridmn  so 
called  ?  '  P. 

Artist's  Nake  wanted.  —  About  the  middle 
of  the  last  century  an  artist  who  modelled  small 
statuettes,  marked  them  with  the  letters  T* 
incised.  Is  the  owner  of  this  mark  known  or 
recorded  ?  U.  O,  N. 

Some  celebrated  Ciiristiav  Bubials. — 
Some  of  the  celebrated  funerals  of  sndent  tames 
are  the  following : — The  funeral  of  CsMsriiiSy  as 
related  by  his  brother  St.  Gregory  Naiiansen 
{OraL  10),  who  died  889;  that  of  St.  MacrinsL,  as 
related  by  her  brother  St  Gregory  Nyssen  (De 
Macrina),  who  died  396 ;  that  of  St.  AmbrasSy 
who  died  397,  as  related  by  Paulinas  (  VU,  AsHAr^\ 
that  of  St.  Paula,  at  Bethlehem  407,  as  related  Iqr 
St.  Jerom  (Epitaph.  Pauke,  ep.  27) ;  that  of  St 
Paul  the  Hermit,  buried  by  St.  Anthony,  as  related 
by  St.  .Terom  (J'ita  Pauu)f  and  who  died  4^; 
that  of  Fabiola,  as  related  by  the  same  {J^nU^k, 
FahioL  cap.  4)  ;  that  of  St  Monica,  as  related  in 
his  Confessions  by  her  son  St  Aug:ustino,  who 
died  430  a.d.  I  snould  be  very  thankful  for  early 
assistance  in  enlarging  the  list  with  referenoes  to 
funerals  in  the  middle  ages,  and  especially  to  cele* 
brated  English  funerals  down  to  the  year  of  cor 
Lord  17001  W.  H.  a 

Caldar. — What  is  the  precise  meaning  of  the 
word  caldar  as  applied  to  stones  P  The  Ord- 
nance map  of  Lancashire  indicates  the  locality  of 
some  ten  or  twelve  ancient,  upright,  and  weather- 
worn red  sandstones,  var}'ing  from  three  to  five 
and  a  half  feet  in  height,  which  are  enclosed  1^  a 
low  wall  or  the  foundation  of  an  iron  fence.  On 
the  outside  of  the  inclosure  there  is  a  stone  ^th 
an  inscription  stating  that  the  '*  caldar  stones 
were  inclosed  in  184--?  "  I  have  been  informed 
that  to  any  single  upright  stone  commemormtiTe 
of  any  event  may  be  applied  the  term  caXdar*  Is 
that  correct  ?  Q. 

Lewes. 

Price  of  Coals  in  1715. — Can  any  one  kindly 
direct  me  to  the  solution  of  this  question  P  Fepjs 
gave  5/.  10;?.  per  chaldron  in  the  Dutch  war,  lw7y 
and  sold  the  coals  from  one  of  his  prizes  at  about 
28«.  per  chaldron  a  short  time  afterwards.    WouUl 


■^S-IV.  Dec.  II, '69.3 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


513 


tliis  be  coal  or  ciarcoal  P  and  what  was  tlie  price 
both  of  cool  and  charcoal  in  1715  ? 

IIermextecde. 

Date  ov  Grant  of  Asms. — Will  some  of  your 
readers  Inform  me  what  stepa  I  can  take  to  fiuil 
out  at  what  date  atma  were  granted  to  our  family  'i 
"Wc  hear  aims  now,  but  I  have  no  idea  how  ion^' 
wo  hare  done  so,  as  ■ 
branch. 

Dklamain.— Tliere  w 
years  ftjo' called  Loce  i 
ill stinfTui shed  barrister  n 


a  hook  puhlished  many 
wil  HoiioKr,  written  by  ii 
led  Delamoin.  I  wish 
him  and  his  family  : 
also  about  a  lady  of  the  same  surname,  who  wa^ 
known  as  "  Queen  of  13ath  "  earlv  in  the  presen  t 
cv-nturj?  "  Y.  S.  M. 

Exnisg;  Co.  Suffolk. — Inl84i!i  a  pyx,  several 
altar  candlesticks,  and  belle,  were  found  near  tliL 
parish  church,  I  ani  anxious  to  know  where  thej- 
ate  deposited,  and  if  they  can  be  seen. 

W.  Ma  ion. 
FiRST-BORX  Son. — Can  any  inslancea  in  his- 
torical writings  bo  adduced  to  prove  that  the 
term  "  first-born  "  son  may  be  correctly  applied  to 
an  only  son  P  It  seems  to  imply  a  second  eon,  or  at 
any  rate  the  probabilitT  of  a  successor,  if  used  in 
spoakiu);  of  the  hirth  oif  a  first  child.  I  make  tiiis 
inquiry  in  consequence  of  havinfr  lately  heard 


filled  by  stalwart  AMcans  in  white  turbans  orna- 
mented with  large  blue  beads,  who  played  tiie 
big  drum,  cymbals,  tamborine,  triangle,  and  an 
instrument  of  which  I  know  not  the  correct  name, 
but  which  consisted  of  three  large  gilt  crescents 
hung  with  little  bells  and  mounted  on  a  pole, 
which  the  player  kept  jangling  up  and  down  in 
tune  with  the  other  instruments  ?         Old  Bor. 

Hales:  or  d'Hele, — I  remember  to  have  seen 
in  your  pages  reference  to  our  countryman  Hales, 
who,  under  the  name  of  d'Hele,  used  to  write 
hoolis  for  the  composers  whose  pieces  were  per- 
formed at  the  Grand  Opera  at  I'ans.  Eeeentfy,  I 
met  with  the  following  notice  of  d'Hele  in  the  old 
novel  of  Mimoiret  de  la  Jhicheite  de  Moihtim, 
puhlished  about  the  year  1783:^ 

"CequinnnqoBice  thealre  c'est  un  d'Hele  ;  e'wtun 
poete;  Sedaineeitvitujt,  Marmonleleat  peiant,  Desfon- 

The  theatre  referred  to  was  the  Italiens,  at 
which  the  performers  of  the  Opera  Comique  were 
playing.  W.  H. 

Henbt  IV.  OP  France.— Can  yon  or  any  of 
your  readers  inform  me  iu  what  book  a  /utf  de- 
scription of  the  first  meeting  of  Henry  IV.  of 
France  with  Gabrielle  d'Eatt^e  may  be  found  P 
U.  A. 
iNQUiaiTIOM  IN  POBTDOAL.  — While  perusing 
,  .  theinteresting  work  of  SenhorHencolano,  entitled 

clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England  assert  from  Do  Orir/em  e  EdabKdmento  da  Inquuico  em 
the  pulpit  that  tiie  church  from  the  earliest  timea  I  Portugal,  I  found  (vol.  iii.  p.  14)  the  following 
regardedoiir  Lord  as  the  on/y  son  of  his  mother—  |  curious  note.  The  note  referato  the  secretinstmc- 
an  expression  not  to  be  found  in  the  New  Testa-  tions  delivered  to  the  nuncio  lippimano  in  the 
ment  m  speaking  of  his  relation  to  her,  though  it  i  year  1642 : — 

-■-applied  to  the  son  of  the  widow  of  Nain  (Luke        "There  wwprinttd  in  EnRland  in  the  present  centarr, 
i.  12).   On  the  other  hand  "  first-horn      is  used  '  but  without  any  indic«tion  of  tha  j-ear  or  plac«  of  pob- 


nce.     It  is  of  su 


■ersion  of  the  instnn 
Uisb  op -coadjutor  of  BeDgama,  purporting  U 
pxtracled  from  a  library  i:    '"  ''  ' 

[reme  rarity  tliit  we  L&ve  seen  odit  one  copy  oi  it," 

Could  any  of  your  readers  contribute  aome 
ndditional  information  respecting  this  rare  pub- 
lication P  JT  S. 
"It  13  HARD  TO  Ehsi^te  A  Readd's  People." 
This  motto  was  afiixed  to  the  wall  on  the  occa- 
i^ion  of  the  inauguration  of  the  Free  Library  at 
N^orth  Shields  the  other  day.  Where  is  the  qao- 
tation  from,  or  is  the  motto  original  P  I  sbaU  be 
glad  to  know.  Will.  Wtke, 
Eniohtboos  asd  Foreiob  Obdeba. — An 
Englishman  has  an  order  conferred  upon  him  by 

^ ,  .. n  foreign  eover^ni.     I  will  say,  for  example,  the 

dillicully  to  determine  the  occupant  of  the  tomb.  !  Emperor  of  the  French  creates  him  Knight  of  the 
Perhaps  some  of  your  correspondents  will  kindly  '  I,«gion  of  Honour,  or  Knight  Grand  Cross  of  that 
■    ■'         ■■  ■"' " —      '  order;   the  recipient  obtams  the  sanction  of  the 


by  Matthew  (Matt.  i.  23),  and  Luke  (Luke  ii.  7). 
Thinking  that  the  expression  might  be  differently 
rendered  in  other  languages,  1  referred  to  the 
Greek,  Latin,  German,  Italian,  and  the  two  French 
translations,  hut  they  are  all  agreed  on  this  point. 

Ancient  Monl-meni  ix  FAVEitsnAM  Church. 
On  the  north  side  of  tlio  chancel  of  our  parish 
church  here  is  an  exceedingly  beautiful  perpen- 
dicular monument :  the  owner  I  am  most  anxious 
to  discover.  The  arms  on  the  front  of  the  tonib 
are  described  by  Zach.  Coiens  as  "  quarterly,  i 
1  and  4,  a  chevron  between  three  trefoils  ;  2  and  3,  , 
cross  potents,  across,  impaling,  on  afess  er.  three 
boars'  heads  er.ised  between  three  bugle  horns."  , 
As  the  colours  of  the  arms  are  gone,  "- 


9.— How  long  is  it  since 
"  barbaric  "  portion  of  the 
bands  of  the  three  regiments  of  Foot  Guards  was 


accept  and  wear  the  same.  I  should  be 
i^lad  to  know  whether  such  sanction  would  entitle 
ilie  recipient  to  the  title  of  "  Sir,"  the  aame  aa  if 
he  were  a  E.C.B. ;  and  if  not,  why  sot  F 

K.a. 


514 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*3.  IV.  Drc11.<6S. 


MiRRiAOE  iiT  A  Proiiiditer  Deoeee.— Look- 
ing over  Burke's  Peerage  and  Sarondage  I  find 
tbitt  theffTandfatherof  a  dulinpiiislied  man  of  the 
preecnt  any  nianied  (by  the  dispeaaation  of  the 
pope)  the  elder  daui:hCer  of  )iia  brother.    Ae  the 

ripe  does  notgot "  titlie  or  toll  in  our  dominions," 
wish  to  aali  whether  such  a  marriage  is  l^gBl, 
and  if  not,  liow  could  the  i»aue  of  aucti  mnrriago 
clium  and  be  entitled  to  the  hereditary  lionoura  of 
his  father  p  When  such  an  outcry  in  mEide  a^^ftinst 
marrying  the  siater  of  a  decuased  wife,  where  there 
is  no  blood  relationship,  it  does  appear  atranjre 
that  an  alliance  should  be  allowed  of  that  nature, 
which  is  expressed  by  a  word  that  haa  given  such 
a  sickening-  character  to  the  recent  diacuseion  of 
the  scandal  on  the  great  poet.  CLABnr. 

MonnuEXTAL  Brass.  —  Some  years  since  I 
bought  in  Loudon  a  shield  of  arms  which  had 
been  attached  to  a  monumental  alab.  The  arms 
are  ...  a  chev.  betw.  three  boara'  henda  coiiped 
.  .  .  impaling  ,  .  .  an  iocscocheon  .  .  .  within  an 
orle  of  martlets  .  .  .  Crest  a  hoar's  headcouped  ■  .  ■ 
Probably  aoma  reader  of  "  X.  &  Q."  may  be  able 
to  asugn  these  arms  to  the  families  to  w^om  they 
belonged,  and  thus,  perhaps,  it  may  be  discovered 
from  what  church  they  were  taken,  I  wish  to 
restore  the  shield  to  th")  rector  or  vicar  of  the 
parish,  so  that  it  may  again  occupy  the  original 
space  on  the  monumental  slab  from  which  it 
appears  to  have  been  violently  wrenched. 

R.  D,  DAwsos-DriTiELi),  LI^.D. 
Natueb  Paiwtwo  oy  Stokes,  etc. —I  am 
interested  in  hearing  all  that  can  be  Mud  on  the 
curious  subject  of  those  bizarre  or  beautiful  trac- 
ings which  are  occasionally  to  be  seen  limned 
by  no  earthly  hand  on  the  broken  or  the  poliahod 
pebble  or  marble.  The  moat  familiar  illnstrations 
are  the  simulnchra  of  trees  and  rocka  to  be  found 
in  the  so-called  land»ca{ic  stone*  and  the  vermi- 
culated  ramificntions  of  the  mocha  tione  or  t»ot> 
agate.  But  these  specimens  are  of  far  inferior 
interest  to  those  in  which  the  form  of  some  animal 
or  of  the  human  face  is  clearly  and  unmistakably 

Birtraycd.  I  desire  to  be  made  acquainted,  hv  the 
ndneji  of  some  of  your  correspondents,  witt  the 
titles  of  books  wherein  these  "prodigies"  are 
treated  of.  I  am  acquainted  with  the  relaljona  of 
Pliny,  and  I  have  read  the  curious  account  given 
by  Gaffarel  in  his  CurimiUf.  Inoiiien,  1550.  I 
have  also  the  elaborate  relations  of  Ilappel  (Jieht- 
tt'oitrt  CiaioKs)  IQSH,  and  Mr.  King's  notice  in  his 
Hnndhouk  of  Engrawd  Gemt.  1  shall  be  especially 
glad  to  be  informed  by  any  of  your  correspondents 
of  any  specimens  now  b  exiateoce  of  these  curious 
freaks  of  nature.  I  know  the  Hope  collection,  aa 
it  was  exhibited  in  the  Kensington  Museum,  and 
the  head  of  Chaucer  in  the  British  Museum,  but 
I  should  like  to  bear  of  other  examples. 

John  Er.ioT  IIodokin. 
West  Dcrbv,  Liverpool. 


Pirir's  Chaie.— Among  the  "  Legendary  Bd- 

lads  of  Englsnd  and  Scotland,"  compiled  br  Hi. 
'   ^.  Roberts,  is  one  entitled  "  Proud  Lady  &[»• 
it,"  in  vrhich  these  stanzas  occur: — 


t  chair  yon'U  ait,  I  say. 


The  editor  admits  his  inability  to  explain  "  tba 
mysterious  allusion "  to  Piriea  cKair.  Will 
'■  'X.  &  Q."  assist  ia  its  solution  ?  W.  T.  M. 

PROKuyCTATTOs  or  '■'Primer."  —  Yon  wonld 
greatly  oblige  me,  and  I  am  sure  others,  if  yon 
would  allow  the  following  question  to  be  dis- 
cussed in  ''X.  &  Q."  Should  Primer  be  pro- 
nnnnced  Pri'mer  or  Prim'er  F  This  hai  become 
of  importance  since  the  introduction  so  largely 
into  our  schools  of  the  new  Latin  Primer,  I  nne 
referred  to  all  the  dictionaries  I  could  find  (by  no 
means  a  few)  on  the  subject,  includiniir  JoliaHD, 
Walker,  and  Webster's,  and  they  all,  witli  the 
two  following  exceptions,  give  it  accented  thns 
Prim'er.  A  4to  Johnson,  1832,Hvea  an  adjectin 
anil  substantive  both  accented  Primer.  A  AA^• 
tionnry  of  the  Engluh  Language,  by  John  Grvf, 
184i>,  gives  Primer  also.  But  although  only  two 
have  the  t  long,  fully  half  the  persons  witli  wiiom 
I  have  discussed  the  question  aay  it  is  Primer. 
Of  course  it  comes  from  the  Latin  prlmariMs,  bnt 
that  does  not  decide  it,  as  it  is  not  at  all  nnuHul 
to  change  the  quantity  of  a  Latin  word  whoi 
introducing  it  into  Ene'lish.  Aa  fkr  as  I  nm 
myaeir  concerned,  considering  it  a  tme  £ngliah 
word  and  therefore  not  to  be  ruled  by  the  Lktin, 


I  call  it  Prim'ei 
Hasi 


DrUoritu. 


for  the  pronunciation  of  Welsh  in  the  English  edi- 
tion of  Camden's  Britannia,  this  sentence  ooonii  : 
"/  is  to  be  pronounced  as  the  English  in  ths 
words  win  and  kin,  but  never  as  in  wwd,  land," 
&c.  So  that,  but  comparatively  few  yeua  ago^ 
iHnd  was  pronoimced  in  prose  aa  we  now  ino- 
nounce  it  in  verse.  Da  M. 

TnK  Priso5T!r  ov  GiaoRs, — Though  the  qnee- 
tion  "who  was  the  prisoner  of  GisoiBp"  wu 
formerly  asked  in  your  columns,  perhapa  aa  it 
failed  in  eliciting  a  reply,  you  will  allow  me  to 
repeat  it  E.  8. 

Rafhael'h  Death  of  Abel, — Can  any  of  yonr 
readers  oblige  me  with  any  information  h  to  tlia 
present  abode  of  the  cabinet  picture  by  RaphMl 
of  the  "  Beath  of  Abel  F  "  It  is  aud  toluTelMea 
purchased  by  Cardinal  Fesch  in  1803,  of  Char. 


4*S.  IV.  Dec.  11, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


515 


Venz«5li,  and  to  have  been  given  by  the  Cardinal 
to  Marshal  Ney  in  1805 ;  to  have  been  sold 
amongst  the  Marshal's  other  efiects,  after  the 
capitulation  of  Paris,  and  to  have  been  bought  by 
a  Monsieur  Louis  Guerin:  and  again  sold  (but 
not  known  to  whom)  at  the  disposal  of  Louis 
Guerin's  collection  in  1819.  11.  li.  Forkest. 

Hegisteu  of  Cirkncestek  Abbet.  —  Some 
time  ago  Mr.  Fuller  a.sked  for  information  about 
this  register,  which  had  been  in  the  possession  of 
Collinsoii,  the  historian  cf  Somersetshire.  Can 
any  one  help  to  trace  it  ?  Deo  Duce. 

Arms  of  '^  Strang wa yes." — Some  years  ago  I 
was  staying  in  London — probably  about  the  year 
1840 — witli  one  of  the  Strangwayes.  I  remember 
that  he  had  a  very  handsome  topaz  seal  of  an 
extraordinary  size,  with  the  anna  of  his  family 
well  engraved.  The  seal  was  missed  some  time 
after  this  date,  and  I  imagine  it  may  have  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  a  collector.  If  any  one  has  seen 
or  is  possessed  of  such  a  seal  I  should  be  glad  to 
know.  The  motto  on  the  seal  was,  I  believe, 
*^  Ystf)yeau  et  ne  doubtero." 

What  is  the  interpretation  of  this  motto  ? 

Edward  Mortoh. 

Malton, 

*'  The  Sisters."— An  old  ballad,  "  The  Uncon- 
scious Kival,"  formed  the  subject  of  a  painting 
by  E.  M.  Cope,  R.A.,  which  was  exhibited  at  the 
lloyal  Academy  in  1851.  The  painting  was  called 
''  The  Sisters,"  and  I  saw  it  again  in  Manchester 
in  1852,  and  also  amongst  the  pictures  at  the 
Great  Exhibition  in  London  in  1862.  Has  an 
engraving  ever  been  published  of  it ;  and  if  so,  by 
whom  ?  Where  is  the  pretty  ballad,  '*  The  Un- 
conscious Ivival,"  to  be  found  j  and  who  is  sup- 
posed to  be  its  author  ?  for  I  have  searched  for 
it  in  vain  in  several  collections,  and  have  in  fact 
onlv  met  with  it  in  the  lloyal  Academy  Catalogue 
forl851.' 

John  Pickpord,  M.A. 

Bolton  Percy,  near  Tadcaster. 

TizARD. — Is  this  surname  of  English  origin,  to 
what  locality  can  it  be  traced,  have  arms  been 
granted  to  any  bearing  it,  and  are  any  of  the 
family  still  living  ?  W. 

Udall's  ^'  PiOisTER  DoiSTER."  —  In  going 
through  Arber's  reprint  of  this  early  comedy,  I 
have  been  puzzlod  by  the  following  dozen  pas- 
sages, and  shall  be  obliged  by  an  explanation 
from  some  one  better  read  in  old  English,  &c., 
than  mvself. 

l\  17.   "  Who  i^  this  ?  greate  Goliali,  Sampson,  or  Col- 
braiuk'  ?  *' 
Xo  (say  1)  but  it  is  a  brute  of  the  Alie  landc. 


*  TIii.<  ballad  is  printed  in  *•  N.     Q."  2'»<»  S.  iv.  3C«.— 
Ed.  1 


L 


Is  "xUie  lande  "  Holy  land  ? 

P.  20.  "  Whip  and  whurre. 

The  olde  proyerbe  doth  say,  never  made  good 
furre" 

Does  this  mean,  flogging  and  rating  never  made 
good  advance,  never  furthered  business  ? 
P.  23.    "  111  chieve  it  dotying  foole,  but  it  must  be  cusL** 

Query.  Ill  thrive  it ;  may  no  good  come  of  it. 
Is  "  cust "  kist  ? 

P.  26.    "  With  Nobs  nicebeceturtniserere  fonde. 

P.  28.    "  Yea,  Jesus,  William  zee  law,  dyd  he  zo  law  ?  " 

The  play  contains  no  character  called  "  Wil- 
liam.'* 

P.  29.    **  A  sore  man  by  zembletee,** 

„  "  Oh,  your  constrelyng 

Bore  the  lanteme  a  fielde  before  the  ^ozel3ai^." 
P.  52.    "  By  GossCf  and  for  thy  sake  1  defye  hir  in  de^e." 
P.  73.    "  The  kitchen  coUocauitj  the  best  hennes  to  grece." 

As  the  collocauit  is  wanted  for  a ''  hedpiece,''  is 
it  another  form  of  collock  P  but  would  a  pail  be 
used  '^  hennes  to  grece/'  supposing  ''grece  "  meanB 
to  grease  or  baste  ? 
P.  85.    "  I  am  no  usurer,  good  mistresse,  by  his  armet" 

Whose  arms  P 

P.  87.   "  Our  Lorde  Jesus  Christ  bis  soule  have  merci« 
upon: 
Thus  you  see  to-day  a  man,  to-morrow  John»** 

John  J.  A.  Boase. 

Alverton  Yean,  Penzance. 

The  Capital  op  Wales.  —  I  observe  in  the 
daily  papers  that  the  address  presented  to  the 
King  of^the  Bel^ans  is  enclosed  in  '*a  costly 
silver  casket ;  views  of  London,  Edinburgh,  DuIh 
lin,  and  St.  Asaph  being  en^ved  on  the  four 
sides."  Why  St.  Asaph  P  It  is  a  mere  cathedral 
village,  not  having  arrived  at  the  dignity  of  a 
borough  town,  and  therefore  not  a  city.  Surely 
Carnarvon,  although  not  a  city,  is  more  worthy^ 
both  historically  and  topographically,  of  being 
called  the  capital  of  Wales.  Josephus. 

The  White  Swan.  —  What  royal  arms  are 
supported  bv  the  white  swanP  As  a  badge  it 
belongs  to  the  house  of  Lancaster,  derived  from 
the  De  Bohims,  who  obtained  it  from  the  Tonis, 
one  of  whom  married  the  heiress  of  a  Belgian 
family,  wherein  a  legend  of  the  "  Ejiights  of  the 
Swan,  or  of  Seven  Brothers  transformed  into 
Swans,''  existed.  Edward  III.  seems  also  to  have 
borne  this  device,  and  it  is  also  connected  with 
the  arms  of  the  town  of  Buckinghara,  which,  I 
presume,  is  the  reason  of  its  being  represented  in 
Eton  College.  It  is  a  supporter  of  the  arms  of 
Archbishop  Chicheley ;  it  is  a  supporter  of  the 
arms  of  Henry  Prince  of  Wales  before  he  became 
King  Henry  v.,  and  it  is  a  supporter  of  Henry 
Prince  of  Wales,  son  of  Henry  \T[.,  who  was 
killed  at  Tewkesbury.  But  does  it  ever  appear  as 
a  supporter  of  a  king's  arms,  and  if  so,  where  P 

IIenbt  F.  Ponsokbt. 


516 


KOTES  AND  QlIERIEa 


L«*&IT.DBall,iltL 


Wabiitb  TDK  Bald. — Ordericus  Vitalis  (B.  iv. 
chap.  Tii.)  states  that  Ropn  de  ^rontgomcry, 
EmtI  of  Shrewsbury,  gove  hia  niece  Emerie  to 
WariDe  the  Bald,  "  a.  man  of  small  etature  hut 
great  couraffe."  A  note  to  p.  liW!,  Tol.  ii.,  of 
Bohn's  edition,  asserts  that  Warino  the  Bald, 
viscount  to  Earl  Roger,  waa  the  briilher  of  Reffi- 
nald  de  Batiol ;  but  in  the  same  edi^on,  vol.  iii. 
p.  4Ca,  it  is  slated,  also  in  a  note,  that  Reeioald 
de  Baliol  married  tlia  snme  Emerie,  aba  having 
been  first  married  (o  Warino  the  Bnld.  Were 
Warine  the  Bald  and  IVariiie  the  viscount  tho 
same  person,  and  is  it  true  that  Begiuald  married 
his  brother's  Tridow  ?  G.  B.  II. 

Yosn  AND  BE/iarE.  —  Can  any  one  give  an 
account  of  a  game  at  cards  called  yoiA?  Why 
-was  it  BO  called  ?  Is  the  game  itself  English, 
AmericaD,  or  otherwise  ?  la  posh  the  some  as  tbe 
game  now  called  btziijne,  as  they  are  played  some- 
what similarly?  Is  there  any  other  name  by 
which  either  of  them  is  known.  0.  8, 


BuTLMiiAs.i,  —  Can  anv  one  tell  roe  where 
Butler  prut  the  origin  o(  tbo  last  line  of  the  fol- 
lowing ? — 

"  And  make  on  uccnrHte  buivpv 
Of  dl  her  lands,  nml  how  lh»y  l.lv. 
As  true  lU  [hat  of  Iretnnd,  wbere 

It  is  the  tenth  line  in  his  satirical  poem  upon 

the  Royal  Society, ''  The  Elephant  in  the  Sloon." 

K.  Asinoxr-JonssTOX. 

Clifton. 

[Butler's  poem  is  a  satire  upon  the  Rnyal  Society^ 
■wliose  early  proccnlingj,  however  admirable  iteru  (he 
ultimate  aims  of  that  liodj',  suggested  abamUnt  materials 
for  ridicule.  Soino  of  the  FdEows  bad  so  implicit  a  fuilh 
in  the  cosmetic  virtues  of  Slaydev.  that  tliey,  like  Mrs, 
Pcpy?,*  w«rE  in  th«  haijit  of  ^inj;  out  to  collect  it  befiiro 
sunrise.  Butler's  allnidon  in  (he  lapt  line  is  to  Sir  Wil- 
liam Petty,  the  direct  ancestor  of  tlic  Marquis  of  I^uadowae, 
one  of  the  flrat  Fellows,  who  wni  employed  to  make  a  survey 
nf  Ireland  during  the  Commonwealth,  and  was  attcrwards 
impeached  Tor  mismanagement  in  the  dlsttihution  and 
allotment  of  land.  Here  is  Pelly'a  account  of  Iheaffair  as 
recorded  in  his  remarkable  will.  lletcUs  dii,  that  "upon  the 
lOtb  of  Sept.  lG5-i.I  landnl  at  Waterfonl  in  Ireland,  p!>y- 


•  "  Sly  wife  away  down  with  Jane  and  W.  Ilcwcr 
Woolwich,  in  order  to  a  little  air  and  (nlie  theni  (D-ni^^l 
and  so  to  gather  Mar-dew  to-morrow  morning,  whii 
Mrs.  Tnmer  hath  tangbt  her  is  the  only  thing  in  (I 


came  home  about  six.'— iii'ij:  May  10,  1G69. 


siciin  to  the  army  who  had  ■appreandtbanbdlioBbapn 
in  the  year  1C41,  andto  the  goieral  of  th*aaBc.aiidth> 
head-qnarten,  at  the  rate  of  iO*.  per  Htm,  at  «UA  I 
continued  till  June  IGu9,  gaining,  bf  mj  pnoda^  abont 
4001.  a  year  above  the  said  salair.  About  Sqit  16M,  I  pn^ 
ceiving  that  the  admeasurement  of  tbe  Unda  ftaiMlad  by 
the  aforementioned  retwltion,  andintaDdadtongiilBta  tta* 
satirifsction  of  the  soldiers  who  had  snpprMnd  tba  aaiat^ 
was  moat  insufficiently  and  abmrdlj  moaaged,  I  ob- 
tained a  contract,  dated  11th  Dec  1654,  Ibr  making  tlia 
said  admeasaremeni,  and,  by  God's  blssiing,  so  perfbnned 
the  same,  aa  that  I  gained  about  9,00<U.  OiaAy,  which, 
with  the  iOOL  atiovemenlioned.  and  my  salarj  of  10&  per 
diem,  the  bcnelit  of  mj'  piactiee,  tigttlur  with  600/. 
given  me  for  directing  an  after  sorrey  of  the  adrantDitfi^ 
lands,  and  80Q;.  more  for  two  yean'  salary  aa  daA  of 
the  council,  raised  me  an  estate  of  about  lajUIIOl.  ta  xmij 
and  real  money,  at  a  time  when,  without  or^  lntarcat,or 
authority,  men  bought  as  much  lands  fbr  lOi;  in  nal 
monei',  as  in  this  year,  1G35,  yields  lOi.  per  annam  rant, 
above  his  majesty's  quit-ients."] 

JIalbose,  the  PAixTEfL — Hawthome,  in  tlie 
bei;inning  of  the  second  chapter  ("The  Uttla 
Shop- Window  ")  of  his  eiquinte  Souta  of  tit 
Sei-en  Gables,  speaka  of  "  a  certain  miniatnra  dona 
in  Malbone's  most  perfect  style,  and  MpTeMntiD(r 
a  face  worthy  of  no  less  delicate  a  penoL"  Can 
any  of  your  American  correspondeuta  give  • 


biozmphicnl  nnd  artistic  account  of  him,  and  wm 
he  a  fnend  of  Hawthome'sP     The  diligent  Naglor 
.  but  a  few  words  relating  to  thia  amst: 

'.Malhon, 
A'Nn^A)'! 


painter  of  Xoith  America,  •  yonng  artirt 
ijoys  a  reputation  in  his  own  eoantrj.  Id 
of  lS3<i  he  is  called  one  of  the  sapcrUr 
aunlrr." —  Vidt  Nsglei's  Eiiiutltr-Lwct^ 


mitifn  (three  large  Tolumes,  embiadng  togatlwr 
^UDJ  articles,  have  been  published;  Mitndwn, 
li?o8-031,  which  was  left  unfinished  by  the  lato 
])r.  Nngler,  and  is  now  being  tMmtinaed  hy  Dr. 
Andre^en,*  well  known  as  an  art  ciitie  and  ib- 
vcstifnttor,  the  American  artist  will  find  a  plaoa, 
provided  he  signed  any  of  hu  works  with  anj  of 
the  "  mouogrammes,  marques  fignifcs,  letbw- 
initiale.%  noma  abrt<^,  etc,  menlioQed  Of  Bnil- 
lint  03  bestowing  a  right  upon  the  artiat  to  b« 
spoken  of  in  such  a  work.  BruUiot,ttoo,d(Ma  not 
mention  Malbone  in  his  Dictiomtaira  det  Mau- 
gra:iimes,  3  vols.     Munich,  I8-12-34. 

HsBiuinr  EnrsT. 

Germany. 

[Kdwaril  (S.  Malbone  w.os  bom  in  Newport,  B.  1.1b 
August,  IT77,  and  died  in  Savannah,  Go-,  Hiv  7,  INT. 


*  Tiifi  |iii  nf  hffln  fif  Ihr  Vwi I  fiiriTfiT|[Mi  ii|*rHaiii 

in  Art,  p.  ao. 

t  ride  proof  sheets  otthe  Unietnal  0 
in  Art,  p.  ISO. 


**  S.  IV.  Deo.  1 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


In'cnrly  life  ho  ciinccd  much  fondncM  for  pointing,  and 
at  Ihc  agflof  sovcnleoncftaliliiiliMlhimsdfin  Proridenci 
ns  a  portrait  psinler.  In  1801  lie  socompanied  his  frienil 
AVasliini^toii  Albion  lo  London,  where  he  ivaa  urged  by 
Bciilamin  Wot  to  srlllv  down,  but  he  relumed  lo  Charles- 
Ion  at  tbeendof  (hat  year.  OCMnlhone'smerit  aj  a  por- 
trait  painter,  All^ton  myi,  "IXohad  (he  liappy  talenti 
among  his  other  exKltcneica,  of  elevating  the  ciiaractCT 
Kidiout  impairing  the  likeness.  Tim  was  remarkable  in 
bis  male  lii'ads  ;  and  no  woman  ever  lost  beaut;  ander 
Lis  hand.  To  this  be  added  a  grace  of  execution  alt  bia 
own,"  He  painted  a  fetv  compositions,  distinguished  by 
i^^rceablc  style  and  warmth  and  delicacy  of  colouring,  anil 
eccasionally  altempteii  landscape  in  oil.  There  are  ei- 
eellnit  noliiM>s  of  him  in  Allen's  Amencaa  Bingraphieal 
DicfwrniTij,  IHJT,  p.  515,  and  in  Ripley  and  Dana's  AW. 
AmericuH  Cyclojiitdia,  18CI,  si.  103.] 

Leeb. — A  Ilompslilre-bom  woman  said  to  me 
a  few  days  since,  in  epeaking  of  lier  taby's  iUneas, 


[In  (he  neij;;hbDiirhood  of  Brighton  alto,  if  any  one  ia 
weak  and  fain(,  they  complain  of  feeling  leer.  It  is  said 
that  many  of  (he  peculiar  words  in  Sussex  and  Hamp- 
Ehirc  sre  derived  from  (lie  intercourse  between  the  lisber- 
men  of  this  coast  and  of  the  opposite  shores  of  XormBudj- 
and  BriKany.  For  other  uses  of  tbc  word  leer  consult 
Johnson's  Dlclionary -aail  Sara's  Glonary.l 

BlAcniATEL. — I  have  a  folio  book  containing 
i^iscuursca  against  Machiavel,  but  the  title  is 
missing.  The  dudieation  is  to  Francis  HaatinRB 
and  Edward  Bacon,  nod  is  dated  in  August  1577. 
Can  you  furnish  me  with  tho  author's  nameP 

H. 
[The  work  is  cntitleii  "  A  Discovrse  vpon  the  Meaaea 
of  vvel  Governing  and  Maintaining  in  good  Peace,  a 
Kiugdomc,  or  otliiT  Priiidimlilie.  Divided  into  tbi 
parts,  namely.  The  Counstli,  (he  Religion,  and  thePolieie, 
wiiicli  a  Prince  ought  to  hold  and  follow.  Against 
Kicholas  SiHchiavell  the  Florentine.  Translated  into 
Kngliih  by  Simon  Patcricko.  London,  Printed  by  Adam 
lolip.  1602."  It  is  usually  attributed  to  Innocent  Gen- 
tillet,  an  able  di^ftnder  of  tlie  Befomiation ;  but  ■  MS. 
note  in  the  Itritiih  Museum  copy  aacribei  the  authontup 
lo  Pedro  de  Ribadeneira.] 

RiFF-B.iFF.— One  is  always  glad  to  hb  enabled 
to  spot  the  date  of  our  vocabulai'j  bein^  enriched 
witlJ  a  new  and  expressive  worf.  Apparently, 
the  word  heading  this  iioUco  was  recently  com- 
posed about  the  year  l.-!12,  for  Miss  Mitford  used 
It  on  thol;)th  April  that  year,  -with  an  intimation 
that  she  had  juat  learnt  it  from  a  certain  Miss 

G .  W.  H. 

[The  words  arc  aa  old  as  the  time  of  Robert  de  Brnnn^ 
alias  Robert  Mannyng,  who  9ouriabed  In  the  foart«entli 


So  again  in  the  historical  plav,  Lord  Thomiu  CromatU, 
1602,  4to  ;— 

"There's  legions  now  of  beggars  on  the  earth 
That  Iheir  original  did  spring  from  kings  ( 
And  manv  monarchs  now,  whoso  fathera  wers 
The  riff-raff  „l  their  aEe."-Aet  i,  Sc.  1. 
The  words  are  also   to  be  found   in   Hncklnyt  aod 
Foie,]  

Scyltetf. 

"THERE  WERE   THREE   LADIES  PLATING  AT 
BALL," 
(1"  S.  vi.  63 ;  2'"'  S.  v.  171 ;  4'"  S.  iv.  806.) 
In   Aytoun's  Ballaih  of  Scolland  a  version  at 
this  ballad  is  given  under  the  name  of  "  Fine 
Flowers  i'  the  Valley."     Ho  says  in  the  introduc- 
tion, this  is  the  most  popular  of  all  the  Scottish 
ballads,  being  conjmonly  recited  and  sung  even  at 
the  present  day.    Sometimes  a  different  refrain  ia 
employed,  as  m  tbe  copy  riven  by  Mr.  Jamieson 
under  the  name  of  "  Tbe  Cruel  Brother,"  which 
commences  thus : — 

"  There  was  three  ladies  plav'd  at  the  ba', 
Withaheigh-lio!  andaiilyRay: 
There  cam  a  knight  and  play  d  o'er  them  a*. 
As  the  primrose  spreads  so  swceUj." 
It  appears  that  a  verMon  of  the  same  ballad  is 
popular  in  some  parts  of  England,  '•nkfiK  it  i» 
known  as  "  Tbe  Three  Knights."     In  it  also  th» 
refrain  differs ;  the  first  stanza,  according  to  Mr, 
Bell,  running  as  follows : — 

"There  did  three  knigbta  come  from  tbe  west. 
With  the  high  and  the  lily,  O  I 
And  these  three  knights  courted  one  lady, 
Aa  the  rose  was  so  sweetly  blown." 
The  balind  was  first  printed  in  Herd's  collection, 
though  in  rather  an  imperfect  form.    The  sub- 
Joined  version  is  taken  down  from  recitation : — 
"There  were  three  sislcn  in  a  ha'. 
Fine  flowers  i'  the  valley; 
There  came  three  lords  amang  them  a', 
The  red,  green,  and  the  yellow." 
See  Aytoun's  BaUada  of  Scotland,  vol.  i.  p.  324. 
I  should  be  glad  to  see  a  copy  of  W.  M.  T.'a  ver- 
sion. C.  W.  Barklbt. 


_  ^    .a  copy  of  the  ballad,  sungii 

Cheshire  amongst  the  people  in  the  last  cen- 

"  There  were  three  ladies  playing  at  bill, 
GiUiver,  Qentle,  and  Rosemary  : 
There  came  three  Knights  and  looked  aver  the  wall, 
mng,  0  tbe  Red  Rose  and  the  White  LiUy. 
"  The  first  young  Koigbt  ha  was  clothed  ia  Red, 
Gilliver,  Gentle,  and  Rosemary ; 
And  he  said,  ■  Gentle  lady,  with  me  will  yoa  wed  ? 
Sbg,  0  the  Red  Rose  and  the  While  LiUy. 
"  Tbe  second  yoong  Elnight  he  waa  clothed  in  BIoi^ 
GiUiver,  GentJtC  and  Rosemary : 
And  he  said,  ■  To  iny  love  I  aliall  ever  be  tnld,' 
Sing,  0  the  Red  Base  and  tba  White  Ully. 


618 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4a»  8.  IT.  Dk.  11,  W. 


••  The  third  young  Knight  he  was  clothed  in  Green, 
Gilliyer,'GenUe,  and  Rosemary : 
And  he  said,  *  Fairest  maiden,  vrUl  vou  be  my  queen  ?' 
Sing,  O  the  Red  Rose  and  the  Wliitc  Lilly. 

**  The  Lady  thus  spoke  to  the  Knight  in  Red, 
Gilliver,  Gentle,  and  Rosemary : 
*  With  you.  Sir  Knight,  I  never  can  wed.' 
Sing,  O  the  Red  Rose  and  the  White  Lilly. 

••  The  Lady  then  spoke  to  the  Knight  in  Blue, 
Gilliver,  Gentle,  and  Roscmr.rj' : 
And  she  said,  *  Little  faith  I  can  have  in  you.' 
Sing,  O  the  Red  Rose  and  the  Wliite  Lilly. 

"  The  La  dy  then  spoke  to  the  Knight  in  Green, 
Gilliver,  Gcntlo,  and  Rosemarj- : 
And  she  said,  *  'Tis  at  Court  you  must  seek  for  a  queen.' 
Sing,  O  the  Red  Rose  and  the  White  Lilly. 

"  The  three  young  Knights  then  rode  away, 
Gilliver,"'Gentlc,  and  Rosemary : 
And  the  ladies  they  laughed,  and  went  back  to  their 
play — 
Singingi  O  the  Red  Rose  and  the  White  Lilly." 

'r.  w. 


ARMORIAL  ROOK-PLATES. 
(4»»»  S.  iv.  401).) 

The  question  of  the  date  of  English  book-plates 
Las  lonj^  since  been  raised  in  *'  N.  &  Q,"  In  Aug. 
2,  1851,  a  book-plate  of  Sir  Edward  Dering  is 
mentioned  as  being  dated  1030.  In  Nov.  1, 1851, 
Mr.  KiNtt,  York  Herald,  stated  that  he  possessed 
Pepys's  book-plate.  In  the  same  number  ho 
said  — 

"  An  engraving  of  a  blank  shield  with  a  helmet  and 
lambrequins  and  a  compartment  for  the  motto,  the  whole 
surrounded  by  a  border  ornuniented  with  flowers ;  alto- 
gether well  engraved.  Tho  s^hicld  contains  six  quarter- 
in  gs  ver^'  neatly  itketchcd  with  pen  and  ink :  and  the 
helmet  is  surmounted  by  a  cre^t  also  neatly  skctche(L'' 

The  name  attached  to  this  book-plate,  if  my 
memoranda  are  right,  is  *' Joseph  Holand,  1586." 

I  have  not  at  Iiand  the  volume  containing  these 
notices,  and  am  quoting  from  memoranda  made  on 
reading  them.  I  do  not  therefore  know  whether 
Mr.  Kino  gives  Pepys's  book-plate  as  one  of  the 
same  kind  as  IIolaud*s,  nor  wliat  was  said  to  bo 
the  character  of  Sir  Edward  Dcring's.  But  I 
have  never  seen  an  English  book-plnte  dated  earlier 
than  1098.  I  have  some  of  that  year,  and  among 
the  many  which  I  have  (undated)  I  see  none 
which  I  believe  to  be  older.  One  exists,  and  may 
be  referred  to  easily,  which  I  believe  to  be  Eng- 
lish, and  possibly  earl i it  tlian  KV.).-^.  It  is  in  the 
Bodleian  copy  of  the  **lJuke  nf  St.  Alban's,"' pasted 
on  the  last  leaf  of  the  "  Treatyse  of  Fysshynge 
with  an  Angle.*'  It  shows  eix  quarterin^s  without 
tinctures.  The  first  quarter  is  a  fesse  vair  between 
two  lions  passant  giudant,  which,  with  tinctures, 
argent  a  fesse  vair  between  two  lions  passant 
gardant  sable,  would  be  the  coat  of  the  Pem- 
brokeshire family  of  Voyle.  It  shows  also  a 
helmet,  crest,  and  motto.  The  Bodleian  *'  Boke 
of  St  Alban*s "  in  which  I  saw  this  book-plate 


was  bound  in  vellum,  and  had  stamped  on  each 
cover  outside  a  shield  canyiiw  or,  three  lions  pas- 
sant sable,  armed  and  leagued  ffoieB,  which  is  the 
coat  of  Carew  of  Carew  Castle.  Pembrokeshire. 
I  have  once  seen  a  duplicate  of  tma  hook-plate  in 
a  private  collection, 

1  should  like  to  hear  more  about  those  blank 
shields  prepared  to  receive  anns.  They  went  on 
contemporaneously  with  the  trne  book-plates 
wholly  enmved.'  I  have  one,  not  filled  up,  of 
Stefano  Delia  Belt's  work,  who  was  bom  1610 
and  died  1604. 

But  there  is  no  doubt  as  to  the  earlier  pre- 
valence of  true  book-plates  on  the  Continent.  I 
have  one,  "Joannes  Praepositvs  Sanctae  Crvcis 
Augustae  Anno  Dni  mdovi."  It  is  exquisitely 
engraved.  Another  of  a  mitred  abbot,  1072; 
another  not  dated,  but,  as  it  seems  to  me,  of  the 
early  part  uf  ihe  last  half  of  the  sixteenth  centarr, 
if  not  older,  nine  inches  and  seven-eighths  highi 
seven  inches  and  one-eighth  wide,  the  whole 
surface  of  the  block  being  engraved.  The  name 
is  "  llieronymus  Ciiler." 

I  hope  at  last  in  a  short  time  to  put  together  a 
few  notes  on  book-plates  in  "  N.  &  Q."  with  the 
purpose  of  submittini^  what  I  have  to  saj,  after  a 
good  many  years  of  collecting,  to  the  judgment 
and  correction  of  those  who  have  been  engaged  in 

the  samo  pursuits.  1^«  *• 

Stuarts  Lodge,  JMulvcrn  Wells. 

I  have  a  small  volume  by  Thomas  Beard,  the 
Puritan  minister  at  Huntingdon,  schoolmaster  to 
Oliver  Cromwell,  entitled  — 

"Pedantivs.  Coma?di;i.  olim  CanUbrig.  acta  fai  ColL 
Trin.  nunnuam  antchau  Tvpis  evnicata.  Londini,  Ex- 
cudebat  W.  S.  Iinpensis  llohcrti  Mylboum  in  Coemeteiio 
Paulino  ad  in:*it,'ne  Canis  I^porarii.  1631." 

This  title  is  printed  in  a  book-plate,  time  of 
Queen  Elizabeth.  At  the  top  are  the  arms  of 
England  and  France  only,  with  the  lion  and  griffin 
for  supporters ;  on  each  side  a  horn  of  abundance 
held  Dy  two  children  j  below  them  a  crowned 
rose  and  crowned  lily,  then  two  cherubs  with 
four  wings ;  lower  dovm  two  baskets  of  fruity 
indicating  plenty;  they  are  supported  by  two 
caryatides,  under  which  m-e  E  and  R  crowned. 
In  the  centre  below  is  a  large  crown  with  a  phoenix 
in  flames,  and  underneath  tho  year  1581.  On  the 
other  leaf  are  two  of  the  dramatis  peraoHtt,  Dro- 
modotus  I'liilosophus  and  Pedantius  Pteda^fo- 
gus,  with  two  pupils  in  long  robes  behind  hun, 
looking  with  a  suspicious  eye  on  the  birch-rod 
which  he  holds  in  his  hand.  P.  A.  L. 


Book-plates  are  seldom  dated.  Many  foraca 
ones  exist,  however,  of  persons  who  flourished  m 
the  sixteenth  centunr.  I  have  before  me  tha 
book-plate  of  ''  Sir  Iraucis  Fust  of  Hill  Courts  ia 
the  county  of  Gloucester,  Baronet,  created  21st  of 
August,  1G02,  the  14th  year  of  King  Charles  2^.** 


t""S.IT.DEC.lI.'69.] 


KOTES  AUD  QUEBIEa 


It  ia  a  very  fine  eagraring,  and  ccmtidiui  (bt^ 
qaartei'inga.  There  can,  1  conceive,  be  little  donU 
Uiat  Sir  Francis  had  it  made  when  the  "bufOMltey 
was  conferred  upon  him.         Edvabii  F&jLOOOC 

BotlMfonl  MaDOT. 

I  hnvc  collected  irith  great  trouble  ■  veiy.  laiga 
number  of  armorial  hook'plates,  but  amongat 
thera  have  not  a  Bbgle  apecimon  wtecedeDt  to 
1700.  Jly  earliBst  ore  of  "The  Eiirht  Hon. 
Charles  Lonl  Ilalifai,  1703"';  "  The  BjfAt  Hon. 
John  Karl  of  Roxburgh e,  Lord  Ker,  CeeiRiTd,  and 
Cavertoun,  1703  " ;  and  "  Sir  Fulwar  SHpirith 
of  Newhold  Hall,  in  the  conntj  of  Warwick 
Baronet,  1704."  Cuablks  " 

81,  Derby  Street,  Rnlmi,  SIincliMUr. 


■titaiiniit;  ha  mota  irta  an  arUant  Uaa 
tha 


178; 


GUILD  OF  MASONS  AT  FAVERSIIAH  ASBXT. 
(4'"  S.  iv.  310,  374,  «0.) 

I  wrote  the  letter  which  haa  made  IIb.  Bim 
so  angiT.  Aa  it  did  not  appear  in  the  pasaa  of 
"K.  &  Q."  I  need  not  reply  to  it  here.  Bat  aa 
some  historical  quostioiia  are  raised,  I  will  malca 
a  fuw  remarks  upon  them. 

According  to  Jacob  (p.  24)  tha  abber  owned, 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  thirtj-two  fiOOiea  is 
Farershain,  but  of  twen^-eight  of  tbeaa  Ourj 
were  ignorant  altogether.*  jta  the  anowediog 
rci^n  another  survey  was  made,  when  it  ma 
aseirtnined  that  the  number  of  house*  balon^ng 
to  the  abbey  wai  forty  (p.  27),  tan  of  which  eaem 
to  have  been  built  between  the  abber  md  tha 
town  (p.  20). 

It  must  De  remembered  that  the  Statnta  of 
Mortmain  was  enacted  in  the  former  reign,  and 
thftt  it  prevented  the  abber  receiving  any  man 
lands  and  tenements  except  Dj  license  of  ttieldng. 
This  statute  seeme  to  have  been  obaerred  by  the 
abbots  of  Faverabam  (Lewie,  p.  34). 

In  1409  the  total  income  of  the  abbey  waa 
225/.  10#.  2d.  (SouthouM,  pp.  66,  68$  Lewi^p. 
87).  Of  this  amount,  SOL  Of.  Sif.  an«a  from  nart 
in  the  "  town  of  Faversham  "  (Sonthouae,  p.  SS). 
The  queaUon  now  arisea,  how  many  honaaa  an 
represented  fay  this  amount?  Southoose  (vp.W 
to  61)  gives  the  namea  of  "  divers  houaea  In  the 
town,"  and  the  annual  Tent  of  each.  The  liat 
comprises  twenty-three  houaea,  the  leota  otiMA 
vary  from  three  pounds  down  to  noMiff.  Tha 
total  annual  income  from  the  twenty-three  waa 
11/.  128.  Sd.,  averaging,  aay,  ten  ahilltnga  ahonaa; 
this  would  cive  forty  as  the  number  owned  In 
1400. 

I  am  quite  aware  that  Jacob  (p.  99)  aaya: 
"  Some  few  years  before  ita  disscdution  it  baouna 
poss'.'ssed  of  the  rente  of  342  mearaageL"  hot  (ba 
meTciful,  Mr.  Bedo)  he  gires  no  ant&Rify  far  the 


,  -  «diiit 

iabb^(p.  81),a]id,B8ljndge,Uso«n^nm 
againat  nim,    Thm  are  two  ttema  (m.  177, 
i)  which  bear  on  this  qneation,  and  1  moit 
oootetB  that  I  cannot  sea  why  they  -weie  diridad. 
Theynnthoa:— 

'It,  fiMdvedflirtlwAnneorSinennageiat tbatqgan- 
gata  of  FaTadum,  ud  fbr  other  raamiagw,  mD^  aad 
teaamsnti'tn  tha  Mid  town,  bekiiBtaK  to  the  aalil  prin* 
dpal  iii*iior,bj  catinMcion,  361.  ITi.  and  AMamof  bulay. 
"It,  B«cal*M(brthe7«rdf  rastof  Uncmenti  indn*. 
vages  In  the  uld  town.  Sit,  6*.  ll^d.  and  1  a  qnaitar 

Tlie  latter  item  ia  probably  for  the  same  honaee  aa 
thoae  which  yielded  SOi:  Oa.  Sd:  in  1«9.  If  va 
puttheaetwo  "  items  "  togeOiei,  and  bear  in  mind 
the  asoertidned  value  oT  tweu^-thiee  hoaaea,lt 
aeema  to  be  too  much  to  aak  ns  to  beUere  uw 
rente  of  813  h«aae>  yielded  only  47i  Betweaa 
1490  and  tha  dlMolutimi,  a  period  of  for^  7mb% 
the  unnal  income  Of  tha  aliDey  had  Incraaaed  bj 
only  8111  S&  4d.  (Lawia,  p.  S9),  natwithstar  "-  - 
the  additions  to  tiie  properW  during  the  ni 
Hewy  Vin. 

M&.  Brso  aeama  to  Imply  that  then  are  no 
wooden  houaea  in  FaTBTsham.  TLaUno"'' " 


e  idgniiS 


here,  so  aurdy  he  must  mean  ncme  but  wooden 
honaaa.  He  u  dngtilarly  imfbrtnnata  in  the  two 
to  vhich  ha  diiecta  my  attention;  that  at  Am 
eaat  nde  of  Hm  nteway  ia  wood  and  plaitet, 
except  a  email  porBim  of  atonawoA  which  aaatu 
to  have  formed  one  dde  of  the  gateway  {  wUk 
the  Globe  ia  alao  wood  and  plaatar  in  ita  nmr 

OOie  lower  being  bilo^  or  &ced  with  ha^ 
houaea  have  tiie  n^ter  atoiiaa  OTariiaii^«| 
the  lower  onea,  a  featore  well  known  In  old  towM 
whue  wood  hnildinc  was  in  vogue.  Thia  eou- 
mnnicatioii  ia  alreac^  too  Icngt  or  I  oooU  haT» 
added  other  pointi.  I  will  (mly  a^  that  I  atOl 
plead  isnonnoe  of  the  Uatory  of  Faveraham  f 
thoae  who  know  moat  are  moat  leady  to  ooiiKm 
how  Utile  they  know.  J.  M.  Oowns. 


K-ij,  p.  48,  Ufs  tl 

d  30Cb  Edward  L 


rOBTBATT  or  BTRON. 
(4«  GL  ir.  361,  837,  4S3.) 
"  What  taM  and  iJMaaai  and  gtalni  doaa, 
amaamn  sewtU^  paetM  than  tti  plaa^ 

That  «^nk  of  ftaUoa,"  tha  aoconpUahad  nadi 
iritty  Oonnt  AUnd  d'Onay,  waa  arac  atrivfaf 
Iih«  •iwthv''Adminibla  Chuiiton"  to  azoal  Ik 
vnrftUMt  he  odartook.  Ha  was  danr  wMl 
tbapao,  pandl,  aod  bndi ;  Hkewiaa  ae  ft  aMlfflDik 
a  good  iwoidainaii,  an  admimhlw  tmea,  a  T«r 
alqaat  rider,  afcrtar,  awimiMr,  daBear.    I  aMv. 


520 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


L4<k  S.  lY.  Daa  11,  '69. 


and  Lord  Bvron's  (Mr.  W.  M.  Rossetti  saw  at  , 
Captain  Trelawny's)  —  D'Orsay  made  a  series  of 
profiles  which  he  himself  drew  upon  stone,  many 
of  which  could  for  a  lonp  time  he  seen  at  Mr. 
Mitchell's  in  New  Bond  Street.  That  of  Lord 
Byron  I  perfectly  recollect  having  seen,  either  at 
Count  d  Orsay's  or  at  a  mutual  friend  of  ours, 
who  had  several;  amongst  others  Lord  George 
Bentinck,  and  that  other  distinguished  foreigner 
Count  Matuse witch. 

D'Orsay  was  in  Italy  with  Lord  and  Lady  Bles- 
sington.  It  was  there  he  knew  Lord  Byron,* 
who,  in  his  conversations  with  her  ladys?hip,  spoke 
very  favourably  of  the  Diary,  or  "  Impressions  do 
Voyage,*'  written  by  the  young  Frenchman,  *'  Le 
Compte  Alfred,"  whom  he  called  "  Uu  Cupidon 
d^chaind."  As  regards  the  dress  both  of  men 
and  women  of  high-life  in  those  days,  in  Captain 
Gronow*8  fimusin^ Hemi'/iiscences  (the  lirat  volume 
especially)  are  a  few  engravings,  evidently  from 
drawings  made  at  the  time,  which  give  one  a  very 
good  idea  of  what  people  looked  like  some  forty 
to  fifty  years  ago.  llie  Duchess  of  lUchmond 
and  Lady  Jersey,  the  Earl  of  Fife,  Lord  Hertford, 
Hughes  BaU  Hughes  ('*  the  Golden  Ball "),  Count 
d^Orsay,  Sec.  It  is  dilHcult  now-a-days  to  fancy 
to  one's  self  the  aristocratic  head  of  I-.ord  Castle- 
reagh  (the  first  Marquis  of  Londonderry),  of  whom 
Chantrey  has  made  a  bust  worthy  of  ancient 
Greece,  and  Lawrence  such  a  no\)lo  portrait, 
in  a  peer's  state  robes  (for  the  coronation  of 
George  IV.), — one  can  hardly,  I  say,  imagine  a 
Prime  Minister  of  the  crown  as  there  described, 
with  a  fashionable  blue  coat  and  gilt  buttons, 
fancy  waistcoat,  and  full  trowsers  a  la  Cosaque; 
buL  such  is  the  tyranny  of  fashion,  that  — 

"  New  customs, 
Though  tliey  be  ever  so  ridioulous. 
Yea,  lut  them  be  unmanly,  still  are  followed." 

And  so  it  seems  to  have  been  with  the  noble 
poet  too.  P.  A.  L. 

I  presume  it  is  almost  needless  for  me  to  sug- 
gest that  the  **  Lady  B.,"  inauired  about  at  p.  388 
IS  no  other  than  the  ''Lady  Burghersh"  men- 
tioned on  the  former  page.  W.  P. 


Hector,  Duke  of  Monteleone  (4***  S.  iv.  410.) 
Hector,  Duke  of  Monteleone  was  the  head  of  the 
great  Neapolitan  house  of  Pignatelli,  and  in  any 
genealogical  work  on  the  nobility  of  the  Two  Sici- 
lies J.  L.  F.  will  find  what  he  wants.  I  think 
Count  Spaur's  work,  to  bo  procured  at  Quaritch's 
in  Piccaailly,  includes  that  family.         C.  G.  H. 

Bentham's  *'CnrRCH  of  EyQLA^'DISM■'  (4***  S. 
iv.  451,  488.)  — I  am  perfectly  astounded  by  the 
ignorance — if  that  is  tne  right  word — displayed 
or  aflTected  by  Sir  John  Bowriug  about  Bentham's 
Church  of  Enghndism  and  its  Catechism,  If  Sir 
John  Bowriug  had  over  seen  that  book  he  must 


have  known  that  it  was  not  ''  published  anony- 
mously." If  he  never  saw  the  book,  he  ougnt 
not  to  write  about  it.  I  transcribe  the  title-page 
of  a  copy  which  has  long  been  in  my  poaflesnon. 
Xot  Paul,  but  Jesus,  1  know  nothing  about. 

"  Church  of  Knglandism  and  its  Catechism  examined  ; 
preceded  by  Strictures  on  her  Exclosionar}-  System,  aa 
pursued  in  the  National  Society's  Schools :  intersperaed 
-with  general  Views  of  the  Euglish  and  Scottish  Esta- 
blished and  Non-Established  Churches;  and  condudinff 
with  Kcnicdics  proposed  for  Abuses  indicated ;  and  an 
Examination  of  the  Parliamentaiy  S^'Stcm  of  Chnreh 
Refurni  lately  pursued,  and  still  pursninp;  indudin^:  the 
proposed  New  Churches.  By  Jeremy  Bcntham,  Elsq., 
licnohcr  of  Lincohi*s  Inn,  and  late  of  Queen's  CoUope^ 
Oxford,  M.A.  London :  Printed  1817;  published,  1818. 
by  Effingham  WiUon,  Roval  Exchange.    Trice  20i." 

w.  a 

Bell  Ixscriptioxs,  etc.  (4'**  S.  iv.  478). — 
At  a  committee  meeting  of  the  Eccleaiolog^cal 
Society  in  Ueceniher,  1863,  Messrs.  MearSt  of 
\Vhitechapel,  exhibited  a  volume  contalniDg  a 
collection  of  fac-sitniles  of  inscriptions,  &Cf  on 
many  of  the  ancient  bells  that  had  been  sent  to 
them  from  time  to  time  for  recasting.^  And  tho 
work  is,  of  course,  &till  in  the  possession  of  that 
well-kno^A-n  iirm.  Perhaps  a  few'  of  the  more 
remarkable  iriscriptions  may  some  day  be  pub« 
lished  by  the  writer  of  thb  note. 

Thomas  W^'alesbt 

Golden  Square. 

BoLTOx  Abjjey  :  The  Dogs  (4*>»  S.  iv.  888.)—. 
As  an  answer  to  the  query  of  the  Het.  Johh 
PiCKFORD,  M.A.,  I  beg  to  jrive  the  following 
extract  from  the  Stories  of  the  Craven  Dales,  bj 
Stephen  Jackson,  Esq.  Skipton  (Tasker  &  Son), 
1840  :— 

''Popular  tradition  says,  that  the  dooi  represent  the 
two  grcyhimnds  of  the  **  liby  of  Egrcmond."  The  does*  I 
may  remark  ennasmtttf  are  not  grcyhoundrs  but  old  Eng- 
lish ina<ti{fd  or  Dlooilhounils ;  and  iV  Prior  Moone  did  not 
intend  them  for  mere  ornaments,  he  may  have  adopted 
them  as  bein^  embk>matic  of  watchfuhicss,  fidelity»  and 
gratitude ;  or,  as  it  waa  the  custom  to  rdi6\'e  the  nckand 
lame  at  the  fi^reat  gates  of  a  ct^nvent,  the  dogs  may  repi^ 
pent  those  in  the  parable  of  Lazarus  and  Dives.  My 
belii  f  is  that  the  maiden  name  of  the  founder  fiimidies  a 
satisfactory  clue  to  the  enigma.    Meschines,  or  more  pro* 

J>erh'  Mezohienez,  signifies  mi/  dogs.  It  is  stated  in  an  old 
i>'rench  heraldie:i1  >vork,  that  a  Norman  family  called 
*  I)e  Meschines  *  btire  for  arms  a  dog :  the  bearing  being 
a  play  upon  the  name,  which  |>erhai>s  originated  from  the 
first  uf  the  family  having  been  a  huntsman.  Snch  anno* 
rial  bearings  arc'  by  no  means  uncommon,  and  are  called 
cantirtQ  arms.  AAer  what  I  have  stated,  it  will  reqniie 
ver\'  little  logic  to  explain  the  Uolton  doga^  whicn  an 
neither  more  nor  less  than  the /amZ/y  amu  tftkejimmdur 
of  the  abbey ^  and  therefore  arc  most  appropnately  plioad 
over  the  principal  entrance.*' 

S.& 

loxA  (4*»»  S.  iv.  325.)  —If  this  word  dffniff  % 
"  dove/'  may  not  the  name  of  St  CkiluniDa  (ao 
connected  Tvith  lona)  have  been  a  conTentul 
assumption;  and  suggested  by  the  Hebrew  iigai* 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


521 


fitntinn  of  lona  ?  I  know  nothing  of  llebreWj  but 
"W.  IJ.  C.'a  noto  ul  tiipra  suggests  such  nn  idea. 
Tiie  oriiiinnl  cliurcli  or  cell  was  probably  dodicftted 
to  Ibf  Holy  Obost=the  Holy  Dove.  S.  S. 

Fackkb  .TonN  G kkard,  S.  J.  (4"  S,  iv.  389.)— 
I  may  stntt)  that  the  -worli  of  Burtoli  in  wbicb 
he  usL's  FfttliiT  Oumrd'B  account  of  tbo  powder- 

51oti.=  LiB  Iiii/hilterra,  This  work  forms  pnrt  of  hia 
slon'ii  iMla  Comjmgnia  dl  Giesli,  ■which  he  never 
coiiiplittud,  Tbu  larjier  worl;  was  divided  according 
to  the  four  quortvn  of  the  world.  Under  Asia  he 
puhiislicd  two  parts,  Iiiilia  and  Japan ;  under Sirone 
also  two  parts,  Ilnli/  and  England.  Thia  is  all  ho 
publi-<bud  of  his  laloria,  as  far  as  I  know.  In  the 
Imjliillerrn  be  made  froe  use  of  another  MS.  of 
Father  Gerard's,  written  Vy  command  of  bis  supe- 
whicli  bo  relates  at  aomo  length  his  "'" 


havi!  been  twice  printed — first  by  Dr.  Oliver  in 
an  <A'\  ma^mzine,  long  dufuoct,  called  The  Catholic 
Sprcf-.ilvi;  and  again  last  ytnr  in  the  Month,  These 
lalt.T  extracts  were  advertised  aa  about  to  be 
publisiied  in  a  separate  form,  but  they  have  not 
jet  n;'pcared.  Father  Gerard's  MS.  on  the  plot 
IS  in  'l''ng-lish,  from  bis  own  band.  Now  that 
Mr.  Dixos  has  given  fresh  currency  to  all  the 
old  calumnies  about  the  participation  of  Jesuits 
in  tbn  plot,  there  is  perhaps  a  chance  of  Father 
Gerard's  uarralivo  being  given  to  the  public. 

G.R.K. 

Old  Pewter  (4'"  S.  iv.  303.)—!  believe  that 
fonniTlv  t!io  Pewtorers'  Company  exercised  the 
right  o£  testing;  the  quality  of  pewter  goods,  much 
as  nowadays  Uio  Qoldsnutba'  Company  assay  ma- 
nufucluros  in  the  precious  metals.  Every  pewterer 
had  til  register  his  trade-mark  with  the  company. 
Th{'.'<t>  marks  were  stamped  on  plates  called  "touch 
plate:","  four  or  five  of  which  still  exist,  each  con- 
taining some  four  hundred  to  jive  hundred  marks. 
A  few  months  ago,  desiring  to  gain  some  acquaint- 
ance with  the  subject,  I  was  courteously  permitted 
bv  the  Pewterers'  Company  to  inspect  these 
plates.  Tbo  marks  are  not  sufficiently  well  de- 
fined to  admit  of  rubbings  bsing  taken,  and  their 
number  is  so  great  that  I  haye  not  leisure  enoarh 
to  alictch  them.  Satisfactorj-  impressions  might, 
however,  be  made  in  gutta  perclia.  I  cannot  out 
think  that  n  qualilied  person,  with  time  at  dis- 
posal, might  publish  a  collection  of  these  pew- 
terers' marJis — after  the  fashion  of  Mr.  ChaflVra's 
Marks  and  Monogramt  on  Puttery  nnd  Porcelain — 
which  would  not  only  be  inatruciive  and  interest- 
ing, but  also  remunerative. 

As  for  the  best  method  of  cleaning  old  pewter 
when  very  much  inctusted  with  dirt,  my  expe- 
rience leads  mo  to  believe  that  washing  m  soda 
and  water  suffices,  Any  stronger  treatment  might 
be  damaging.  J.  W.  BaJLT. 


"  KBaTTB      LOI,      KEftUE     CBUS,      1TI9I     SOLUM 

'  CtlHKE' "  (4'"  S,  iv.  3;iO.)— Mr.  Arbcr  is  right  in 
the  word  clinke.  Bishop  Parker  writes  to  Fox 
of  the  burial  of  the  Duchess  of  Norfolk  :  — 

"  All  things  were  done  honourably,  sins  cnii,  fiioo  lax, 
tt  non  tine  linli![ry-~-thQra  n-as  neither  torcb,  ncilher 
ta]>er,  candle,  nor  any  light  elm  Ixi^des  the  light  of  tha 
Ban ;  ringing  thrrt  trot  enaugK' 

Sea  also  some  curious  entries  in  my  History  of 
Parish  Regiaert,  p.  133.  JonH  S.  BraK. 

Tho  Grove,  Henley. 

Hautboy  (4"^  S.  iv.  313.)— Tho  wind  instru- 
ments used  in  an  orchestra  are  by  luusiciani 
commonly  called  "the  wind"  when  spoken  of 
collectively,  and  "the  wood"  and  "tho  braw" 
when  mentioned  according  to  their  classes.  Tho 
hautboy,  hautbois,  oboe,  or  huboe  (as  it  is  severally 
called  in  English,  French,  Italian,  and  German), 
was  formerly  the  highest — i.  e.  the  acutest  sound- 
ing— wooden  wind  instrument  employed  for  or- 
chestral purposes,  and  hence  I  conceive  it  obtained 
its  Frencn  name  of  kaiit  bois  (or  "  high  wood  "J, 
of  which  our  English  name  hautboy  is  a  palpable 
imitation.  When  tho  tenacity  with  which  the 
terms  in  nw  amongst  members  of  all  arts  and 
professions  are  clung  to,  and  the  little  altt^ration 
made  in  them  by  tipie  ate  considered,  I  think  wa 
may  reaaonably  infer  the  antiquity  of  the  term 
employed  hymusicians  in  designating  the  wooden 
wind  instruments  of  an  orchestra;  and  I  there- 
fore hope  this  attempted  explanation  will  not  be 
deemed  too  conjectural.  W.  H.  HuSK. 

Bbb  StTPBiiflTiTioKB  (4'»  S.  iv.  23,  225,  28.1)— 
This  superstition  is  common  in  many  parts  of 
England ;  I  have  known  it  myself  in  Notts.  I 
knew  an  old  lady  in  Derbyshire  who,  whenever  a 
death  occurred  in  her  family,  went  formally  to 
her  bees  to  "  bid  them  to  the  funeral,"  and  iu  this 
part  of  Yorksbbe  I  have  aeen  hives  put  iu  mourn- 
ing. There  is  another  common  superstition,  that 
the  keeping  of  bees  is  more  successful  when  two 

Sersons  are  in  partnership ;  but  that  if  one  partner 
ies,  all  the  prosperity  is  over,  and  the  bees  die 
shortly.  Elmke. 

Vandalisit  (4*^  S.  iii.  303.)— In  Me.  Geobqi 
Lloid's  account  of  the  destruction  of  the  Rock- 
ingatone,  near  Meltham,  thero  are  several  erron 
\^ch  I  feel  aniioua  to  rectify.  The  stone  waa 
destroyed  not  on  Sunday  morning,  as  stated  br 
Mb.  Lmtb,  but  on  Whitmonday  morning;  and 
that  was  done,  not  "  about  five  years  or  so  ago," 
but  upwards  of  for^  years  ego,  namely,  io  1827 
or  1828.  I'hat  act  of  vandalism  is  narrated  in  tha 
recently-published   Siitory   of  J£eUhain  as   tol- 


522 


NOTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[4*  S.  IV.  Dsa  11,  W. 


mile  distant,  where  there  is  a  stone-quam'],  with  which 
they  (lrille«l  a  hole»  and  then  wedpfe<l  it,  when  the  stone 
fell'with  a  tromenJoiw  crash,  hardly  allowing  the  man  on 
its  suni:nit,  who  was  drivinjj  in  the  wedge,  to  escape 
without  injury." — P.  4. 

On  Tliiimlay  afternoon,  Aug.  18,  1864,  AIr. 
Lloyd  hirasjlf,  accompanied  by  four  other  archne- 
olo<nsts,  visited  the  spot  where  the  stone  stood 
and  inspected  the  ruins,  when  the  forej?oin{?  par- 
ticulars were  related  by  a  gamekeeper  who  acted 
as  their  guide.  C.  S. 

MiNKi'VL  Spring  at  Dulwicte  (4*'"-  S.  iv.  i?.'>3, 
284,  ;M7.)— Tl^e  doubt  of  NurEii  1)ev«)>-iexsis, 
as  to  tlui  existence  of  a  ''Green  Man**  and  a 
medicinal  spring  at  Dulwich,  may  perhaps  be 
removed  by  the  perusal  of  the  following  notes. 

Lysons,  in  his  Environs  of  London  {ilnd  edit. 
1811,  i.  Co;,  speaking  of  Dulwich,  says:  — 

"  In  the  year  1739  a  mineral  water  was  discovered  in 
digging  a  well  at  the  'Green  Man,'  in  this  hamlet,  then  a 
place  of  much  resort  for  parties  of  pleasure  from  London, 
now  a  piivate  house,  and  some  time  since  the  summer 
residence  of  the  late  Lord  Thurlow.  A  particular  account 
of  the  di-icovcry  was  sent  to  the  Royal  Socii'ty*  by  John 
Martyn,  I'Mt.S'.,  Profcs.-'or  of  TJotany  at  Cambridge?' 

He  adds  that  the  water  is  ''of  a  cathartic 
quality,  much  resembling  the  water  of  Sydenham 
Wells,  on  the  Kentish  side  of  the  hill.*'  And 
afterward*;,  in  noticing  Sydenham  (i.  571)  ho 
savs :  — 

"  This  pl?i«'e  is  celebrated  for  its  mineral  springs,  dis- 
covered in  I'Jlo  upon  Sydenham  or  Westwood  Common. 
....  Th oy  have  been  u-iually,  though  improperly,  called 
LcAvi.shani  (^r  Dulwich  Wells.  A  mineral  spring  has  been 
since  discovered  at  Dulwich,  in  1739." 

Dulwich  "Wells,  the  "  Green  Man,"  and  Syden- 
ham Wells,  are  all  marked  on  a  large  map  of 
"The  Country  Twent3--five  Miles  round  London" 
(.3rd  edit.  1802)  in  my  possession.  The  former 
two  aro  placed  a  little  to  the  south-eastward  of 
Dulwich  TiJlcgej  whilst  Sydenham  Wells  are 
placed  still  further  southward  on  Westwood  Com- 
mon, and,  as  Lyp.»ns  states,  on  the  Kentish  side  of 
the  hill.  Lord  Thurlow's  name  does  not  appear 
on  tlie  mjip  as  residing  in  the  neighbourhood  j 
but  us  ho  is  described,  in  the  eighth  edition  of  the 
AmhMoi\  170n  (a  different  one  from  that  from 
which  J.  A.  G.  quotes),  as  having  then  for  some 
time  occupied  the  house  formerly  the  "  Green 
Man,"  it  is  evident  the  map  represents  the  country 
as  it  appeared  at  an  earlier  period  than  the  date 
of  publication.  W.  IT.  IlrsK. 

Dr.  I^  'itty.  as  quoted  by  Dr.  Munro  ( Treatxw  on 
Minvral  Waters,  1770),  mentions  the  wells  of 
Duhvich,  Sydenhnm,  and  Streatham  separately. 
Gideon  Hnrvey  (108/5)  talks  of  the  purgative 
waters  of  Dulledge.  J.  MACPHERSOBr. 

J«-  ♦  Philoaophical  TranHtctwm,  xli.  836. 


CAnRTvoE  (4'»»  S.  iv.  387.)— Hic  et  rwauE 
will  find  that  ho  has  been  anticipated  in  his  re- 
marks on  this  word  by  Trench,  first  in  EngUah 
Past  and  Proven tj  and  again  in  his  Select  Ghssary, 
In  the  latter  of  these  works  Trench  refers  to  Acts 
xxi.  15,  which  he  had  previously  quoted  in  the 
former,  viz.  '*  We  took  up  our  carriages  and  went 
up  to  Jerusalem" ;  and  then  ho  quotes  three  other 
passages,  one  of  which  is  that  cited  bv  your  cor* 
respondent.  The  other  two  I  add  as  likely  to  be 
interesting  to  such  readers  of  '*  N.  &  Q."  as  may 
not  have  ready  reference  to  the  work  in  ques- 
tion :  — 

"  Si^artacus  charg&l  his  [Lentulus']  lieatenants  that 
led  the  army,  gave  them  battle,  overthrew  them,  and 
took  all  their  carriapf  Ir^ivAiroaictv^y  firoo-oir]."— yortfa, 
Plutarch* s  Lires^  p.  47i». 

"  An  index  is  a  r.occjtflary  implement,  and  no  imnedi- 
mcRt  of  :i  book,  except  in  'the  same  sense  in  which  the 
cnrrittnes  of  an  armv  are  tenned  trnpecf/meic/a.'*—- Fuller^ 
Worthks  of  England,  ••  Norfolk." 

w.  B.  a 

Deuivation  ofGlex  (4*»»  S,iv.  362.)— Q.  B.C. 
desires  an  explanation  of  the  vocable  glen  from  a 
Teutonic  point  of  view.  I  am  not  aware  that  the 
word  is  to  be  found  in  any  of  the  Gotho-Teutonic 
laniruages,  except  the  Anglo-Saxon  (^/eif,  otoie,  a 
glen,  valley — Boswoiih),  Neither  do  I  think  it 
occurs  in  any  geographical  name  on  the  Continents 
There  is  Glenstrup  in  Denmark;  but  that  name 
would  probably  translate  Glen  s  torp  or  village, 
from  the  name  of  the  owner — fflen,  for  a  Tale,  not 
being  found  in  the  Danish.  The  word  glen  can 
have  none  other  than  a  Celtic  origin.  It  comes 
from  the  Ancient  British  gl-/mi  (Welsh ^/w.  Cor- 
nish {fi,y  Gaelic  ylcanncy  glinne,  Irish  gfemm)^ 
Srimarily  a  deep  vale  through  which  a  river 
ows ;  probably  from  the  Celtic  /yif ,  Im^  len,  loHj 
Ion,  ///;i  =  water.  Owen  Pugho  renders  Ifyn,  that 
which  proceeds,  that  is  in  motion,  or  that  flows. 

E.  S.  CHABirocr. 

Grav's  Inn. 

TnE  AV(^RD  "Desire"  (4»>»  S.  iv.  2dd.>— li 
there  not  yet  a  different  sense  given  to  the  word? 
When,  for  instance,  you  say  to  a  child,  or  to  a 
subordinate,  "  I  desire  you  will  leave  off  and  he 
quiet";  ''I  desire  you  will  do  such  or  such 
thing  "  —  does  it  not  imply  an  order,  as  "  I  w 
on  vour  doing  so  and  so/'  not  merely  ZtPuhf 

P.  A.  L. 

The  Khidivb  (4*^  S.  iv.  275)  was  a  title  con- 
ferred some  months  ago  on  the  Mceroy  of  Egypt 
by  the  Sultan,  and  pves  him  the  same  rank  and 

J  privileges  as  are  enjoyed  bv  the  Prince  of  Wal- 
achia  and  ISIoldavia.  It  ^oes  not  in  any  waj 
absolve  him  from  his  duties  to  the  Sublime  F6rt8 
as  his  suzerain.  The  title  of  Mceroy  or  Vali  is 
that  of  Governor-General  of  a  province  acting 
under  the  direct  orders  of  the  Porte,  while  the 


4^  S.  IV.  Dec.  11,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


523 


position  of  Khidive  convejs  a  considerable  degree 
of  autonomy.  M.  D. 

Kustendjie. 

CouKciL  OF  Rathbreasil  (4^^  S.  iii.  629;  iv. 
184.) — The  following  extract  from  a  letter  of  one 
of  the  best  of  our  modem  Irish  scholars  and 
archajologistd,  the  author  of /nsA  Names  of  Places, 
would  show  that  the  locality  of  this  council  is  as 
shadowy  and  mysterious  as  Moore's  '*  Hy  Brea- 
sail."  The  liev.  M.  Nowlan,  P.  P.  of  Mountrath, 
also  informs  me  that  there  is  no  tradition  in  that 
neighbourhood  regarding  Rathbreasil.  The  name 
is  not  even  known,  although  he  thinks  Lanigan 
mentions  it  in  connection  with  St.  Aengns,  one  of 
the  abbots  of  Clonenagh.  H.  IL 

"  I  fear  your  search  after  Rathbrcasail  is  not  hkely  to 
be  successful  till  we  can  turn  up  more  authorities  than 
have  liitlierto  seen  the  light.  The  second  part,  Breasail, 
is  a  man's  name  very  usual  among  the  old  Irish^and, 
indeed  amon;^st  the  modern  too.  Kath  Breasail,  Brea- 
sal's  or  lirasiFs  Fort.  Even  if  it  were  Mountrath  (and  it 
may  be),  1  should  not  expect  the  tradition  to  be  preserved 
there  ;  for  the  local  traditions  have  to  a  great  extent  died 
out  in  that  locality. 

"  Clan  Breasil,  which  gives  a  title  to  Lord  Roden  and 
a  name  to  a  street  in  Dublin,  was  an  ancient  territory  on 
the  .-"otith  shore  of  Lough  Xeagh,  but  this  has  nothing  to 
do  with  liathbreasil.  Our  best  topographers  have  tried 
to  disco vtr  the  spot  where  this  synod  was  held,  and  all 
have  failed  so  far.  P.  W.  J." 

Seal  of  Ha  wise,  Lady  of  Ctveilioo  (4*** 
S.  iv.  2.U,  ^42.)— Hawise,  wife  of  Griffin  ap  Wen- 
wynwyn,  held  in  the  name  of  dower  the  manor 
of  J5(,>tinton  (Buttington),  where  she  had  a  capital 
mesauji^^^e  {Montgomeryshire  CoUections,  i,  49,  108). 
In  the  east  window  of  Buttington  church  there  is, 
amongst  some  fragments  of  stained  glass,  the  fol- 
lowing sliield  of  arms : — Quarterly,  1  and  4,  quar- 
terly 1  and  4  or.,  two  lions  passant  az.,  2  and  3  ar. 
a  cross  (?)  az. ;  2  and  3,  quarterly  1  and  4  or,  a 
lion  ramp.  gu.  2  and  3  .  .  .   a  saltire.  .  .  . 

It  will  be  observed  that  some  of  the  quarterings 
contain  the  same  charges  as  those  in  the  shields 
in  the  .seal  of  Ilawise  the  wife  of  Griffin  ap  Wen- 
wynwyn,  viz.  2  lions  pass,  (but  the  tinctures  are 
diif«  Ant  to  those  in  the  shield  of  the  Le  Stranges), 
and  a  lion  ramp.,  which  doubtless  is  the  armorial 
ensiu^u  of  the  Princes  of  Powis.  A  saltire  engr. 
was  boiii  by  the  Tiptopts.  I  should  bo  glad  to 
learn  whose  arms  this  shield  represents. 

Tliore  are  two  farmhouses  in  this  parish,  nearly 
adjoining,  and  each  called  Buttington  Ilall.  They 
at  ono  time  formed  part  of  one  large  building. 
In  Cfroijo's  Antiquities  of  England  and  Wales  (ed. 
17K)j,  vii.  02,  among  the  antiquities  in  Mont- 
goniorvshire  worthy  of  notice,  is  mentioned  **But- 
tinijUjn  Castle,"  but  nothing  further  is  said  about 
it.  It  w^as  probably  Buttington  Ilall.  Is  it  called 
^  ca>tle  anywhere  else  ?  M.  C.  J. 

20,  Abercromby  Square,  Liverpool. 

Ejjzel,  Enzie  (4'»»  S.  iv.  409.)— Edzell's  John 
was  the  old  name  of  a  landed  estate  in  Forfar- 


shire, now  called  Langly  Park.  It  is  situated 
about  two  miles  west  oi  the  town  of  Montrose. 
The  lands  of  Edzell^s  John  were  purchased  in  the 
beginning  of  the  century  by  James  Cruikshank. 
Esq.,  a  West  India  planter  (one  of  the  sons  of 
Cruikshank  of  Gorton,  Inverness-shire),  who  sup- 
pressed its  former  name,  and  substituted  that  of 
the  West  India  estate  of  his  brother  John.  The 
latter,  '^  in  his  last  will  and  testament ''  executed 
in  1810,  is  described  **of  Langly  Park,  Saint 
Vincent,  Esquire."  The  popular  edition  of  these 
names  is  AigUsjon,  Aigil.  Aingy,  The  patronymic 
of  the  clan  Mackenzie  (a  name  not  by  any  means 
limited  to  the  Gaelic-speaking  population)  in  cer- 
tain districts  of  Scotland  is  called  Macaingyf  the 
vulgar  pronunciation  of  another  Scotch  surname' 
(Menzies),  of  like  construction,  being  Matngns 
and  Meeng-is.  Edzell  and  Enzie  appear  to  be 
corrupt  forms  of  these  words  In  a  airectory  of 
land  estates  and  villages  relating  to  North  Britain, 
the  name  ^n^'oholm,  Dumfiies — at  one  place  so 
called — at  another  is  set  down  EnMiolva,  EigU 
is  a  Norse  proper  name,  from  which  Ferguson 
derives  the  Cumberland  local  name  Eaglesfield, 
from  which,  too,  doubtless  Eaglesfield,  Dumfries, 
and  Eaglesham,  Lanark.  The  Enzie  or  Aingy, 
a  low  lyinfi^  district  of  BanlTshire,  is  apparently 
identical  with  the  old  Danish  name  Eng,  used 
even  yet  in  Denmark,  according  to  a  correspon- 
dent of  "  N.  &  Q.,"  to  designate  level  marshy 
pasture  "lands  adjoining  rivers."  From  this  word 
the  same  writer,  with  much  probability  as  I  think, 
derives  the  name  England,  rather  thaii  from  the 
^Vngles,  an  inconsiderable  people  from  the  pro- 
vince of  Anglen,  in  Plolstein.  From  this  too  it  is 
not  impossible  to  conceive  we  have  the  name  of 
the  district  in  Scotland  called  Angus,  in  the  ver- 
nacular Aung-uSj  cognate  possibly  with  the  Pictish 
name  Ungus  or  Htmgus,  In  Orkney  and  the  Shet- 
land Isles  we  meet  with  such  names  as  Angus 
Magnusoi^  and  Magnus  Anguson.  The  prefix 
Mac  can  be  satisfactorily  traced  to  the  Gothic. 

J.  Cbuieshai^k  Hooeb. 

Middle  Temple. 

Neologism  (4***  S.  iv.  408.)  —  Mr.  Trepolpbht 
quotes  an  instance  of  the  use  of  the  word  ^^  bore  " 
in  its  special  signification,  in  a  re-cdition,  dated 
1821,  of  a  book  by  Charles  Butler.  I  presume 
there  are  many  earlier  instances.  One  is  to  be 
found  in  Shelley's  SweUfoot  the  Tyrant,  written  in 
1819.  In  this  satirical  drama  the  British  public 
fiffures  as  a  chorus  of  swine.  The  boars  meet  in 
fml  assembly  in  "the  public  sty,'*  and  lona  Tau- 
rina  (Queen  Caroline)  addresses  them  with  the 
words  — 

"  Yet  know,  great  Boars, 
TFor  such  whoever  hves  among  you  tluds  you. 
And  80  do  I),  the  innocent  are  proud." 

Here  the  pun  between  ''boars''  and  ''bores ''is 
unmistakable. 


624* 


'  NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«h  S.  IV.  Dsa  11,  *89. 


What  is  the  derivation  of  this  term  *'  bore  "  ? 
No  doubt  etymologists  will  have  had  something 
to  say  about  it  already,  a  good  deal  more  than  I 
am  aware  of.  In  lately  reading  TopselFs  History 
of  Beatfs  (a  work  dating,  if  I  remember  right, 
about  1610),  I  was  struck  with  a  passage  which 
says  that  the  sows  at  certain  seasons  are  wont  to 
follow  pertinaciously  after  the  boars,  teasing  and 
stimulating  them,  and  that  this  procedure  is  tech- 
nically termed  *'boaring."  We  thus  find  '*  boar- 
ing"  (or  ** boring")  in  a  sense  closely  analogous 
to  "  worrying,  pestering,"  whence  the  transition 
to  "bore,"  a  person  who  worries  or  pesters,  would 
be  easy.  Can  your  better-informed  correspond- 
ents tell  me  whether  there  is  anything  in  this 
beyond  a  mere  casual  affinity  P 

W.   M.   ROSSETTI. 
66,  Euston  Square,  N.W. 

Angels'  Music  (4*^  S.  iv.  450.)  —  There  is  a 
omilar  story  of  St.  Godric  the  hermit  of  Finchall, 
told  in  a  very  touching  way  in  the  Lihellus  de 
Vita  et  MiracuUs  S,  Gudnci  (Surtees  Soc.  vol.  xx.). 
In  this  case,  however,  it  was  the  Blessed  Virgin 
who  taught  the  saint.  When  ho  had  learned  the 
melody  (which  is  given  in  the  old  notation)  ho 
sang  it  to  these  words : — 

**  Seinto  Marie  Virgine  Moilcr  Jesus  Cristes  Xazarene 
onfoiig  schild  help  thine  (iodn'ch  onfouf; 
bring  hegliche  with  the  ine  godes  rich." 

J.  T.  F. 
The  College,  Ilurstpierpoint. 

Gnyve  (4»»»  S.  iv.  400.)  —  E.  M.  B.  will  find  a 
pedigree  of  the  Macarthys  of  Gleann-a-Chroim 
(or  the  Vale  of  Crom)  in  the  Life  and  Letters  of 
Iloretice  MacCarthy  Reaghf  MacCarthy  Mor, 
lately  published  by  Daniel  MacCarthy  (Glus)  of 
Gleann-a-Chroim.  He  may  also  consult  with  ad- 
vanta^  Laine*s  Gin6(dome  de  MacCarthy  and 
Irish  Family  History  by  the  late  Eichard  F.'Cron- 
nelly  (1864).  If  he  should  require  further  infor- 
mation, I  shall  be  happy  to  reply  to  «  private 
letter.  Joh^  Maclean. 

Hammersmith. 

^  Hun  (4*»»  S.  iv.  410.)— JTm5  or  hob  is  a  provin- 
cial name  for  anything  "knobby"  or  projecting,  a 
boss.  Ilonce  hub,  the  nave  of  a  wheel,  a  mark  to 
be  thrown  at  in  quoits,  the  hilt  or  pommel  of  a 
weapon;  hobnails,  nails  that  project.  In  the 
secondary  sense,  since  that  which  projects  also 
obstructs,  we  have  huh,  an  obstruction  of  any- 
thing ;  hobble,  to  obstruct  a  horse's  feet  to  prevent 
him  from  straying,  also  to  walk  lamely ;  nobbles, 
rough  stones;  hobbly,  rough,  uneven.  Of.  A.-S. 
hfmpa,  a  stud  or  brooch.  Evidently  related  to 
W.  cop,  A.-S.  copp,  a  rounded  top ;  whence  also 
cobbles  as  an  eqiiivalent  to  hobbles  in  the  sense  of 
rough  stones  j  Gael,  copan,  the  boss  of  a  shield. 
A  cup  is  the  same  thing,  but  reversed  in  position, 
being  hollowed  out;  yet  it  presents  a  rounded 
appearance  to  any  one  viewing  it  from  a  slight 


distance.    See  hub  in  Halliwell  and  cop  and  mp 
in  Wedgwood.  Waltbb  W.  Sxeaz. 

1,  Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

See  Zincke*s  Last  winter  in  the  Siatet,  p.  270 : — 

'*  The  hub  in  America  is  the  nave  or  centre-piece  of  tha 
wheel,  from  which  the  spokes  radiate,  and  on  which  the 
wheel  turns.  .  .  .  Massachusetts  has  been  the  wheel 
within  New  England,  and  Boston  the  wheel  within  Mas- 
sachusetts. Boston  is  therefore  often  called  '  the  hub  off 
the  world,'  since  it  has  been  '  the  source  and  fountain  of 
the  ideas  that  have  reared  and  made  America.* " 

JuxTA  Tubbul 

Your  correspondent  G.  R.  D.  inserts  a  qneiy  aa 
to  the  origin  of  the  word  hub,  and  also  of  tJi» 
proverb.  When  arriving  at  the  city  of  Boston,  in 
the  United  States,  last  spring,  a  fellow-trayeller 
told  me  with  great  pride  that  he  was  an  inhabi- 
tant of  the  place,  and  that ''  it  was  the  hub  of  the 
universe — you  bet."  This  I  afterwards  found  ta 
be  a  term  for  axle  or  centre,  and  is  still  veiy 
much* used  in  that  sense  in  the  United  States. 

F.W.R 

The  word  huh  seems  to  me  dearly  a  corruption 
and  abbreviation  of  the  word  u9nbikcHS, 

Chables  F.  Koinuu>a& 

Etiqttette  (4}^  S.  iv.  216,  421.)— If  Walker 

had  looked  a  little  more  carefully  he  would  have 

found  this  word  imder  his  nose.    I  have  before 

me — 

**  A  Supplement  to  Johnson^s  English  Dictionary :  of 
which  the  Pal|>able  Errors  are  attempted  to  be  rectified^ 
nnd  its  material  Omissions  supplied."  J3y  Geoxge  Mason, 
London,  4to,  1801. 

Here  the  word  in  question  is  defined  as  "  cere- 
monial/' and  a  reference  g^ven    from  Chester* 

field  :— 

"  Without  hesitation  kiss  the  slipper,  or  whatavsr  dsa 
the  etiquette  of  that  court  requires." 

See  also  the  Didionnaire  comique,  etc,,ci  Le 
Roux,  sub  voc,  WiLLlAlC  mzBS. 

Birmingham. 

Sundials  (4*»»  S.  iv.  76, 142.)— I  beg  to  add 
the  following  inscriptions  on   sundials  for  Mb. 
Gbosakt*s  information.  At  Lesnevin,  Brittany^ 
**  Me  lumen,  vos  umbra,  r^t." 

At  Cormayeur — 

"  Afflict  is  lentsB,  celcres  gaudentibos,  hone.** 
At  AU  Souls'  College,  Oxford— 

<*  Pereunt  et  imputantur."' 

On  an  ancient  watch  in   the  Philos.  Moaeumu 

York— 

"  Vigila,  nesds  qua  horl." 

On  a  new  church  at  Charlton  Kings — 

*'  Our  days  on  the  earth  are  as  a  ahadoWt  and  there  la 
none  abiding." 

D»>Di7(& 

Inflated  Box  (4^^  S.  iv.  335,  423.)— Retnm- 
ing  home  after  a  month's  absence  I  saw  and  ii 


i""8.iv.  DEc-n.-es.] 


270TES  AND  QUEBIES. 


tended  giving  tlie  correct  nAj  to  the  qiieij  on 
Oiia  expressioD  of  Drjden,  wneo  a  new  number 
came,  end  I  found  nijself  BUbBteotiellTaiiticip&ted 
bj  J.  H.  T.  Oaelkf.  I  would  aM,  howerer, 
that  Brjden  follows  the  uaage  of  the  La^  poet^ 
who  employ  tho  word  "box"  (buxat)  for  the 
pipe  or  flute  (tibia)  made  of  the  wood  of  the  box- 
tKe.  (SeeVir^l,  jEn.  ix.  619;  Ovid,  Mtlamorpk. 
iv.  30,  xii.  168,  liv.  637 ;  Propertins,  iv.  8,  42 ; 
StatiuB,  Theb.  ii.  77,  vii.  71 ;  Claudian,  A  Su- 
trop.  IL  286;  Dt  Jlaptu  Pivserp.  ii.  288. 

Josh  Hoieixb-Asrihall. 

Combe  Vioiriige, 


IIahoiko  OB  MARRTnra  (4"  S.  ir.  294,  417.) — 
I  have  henrd  a  different  version  and  interpreta- 
tion  of  tho  Manx  law  to  that  staled  by  Mb.  J.  M. 
jKFycoTT — viz.  that  the  woman  under  the  didun- 
stancea  alluded  to  had  the  choice  of  the  ling^  the 
knife,  OT  the  halter.  The  ring  in  order  that  the 
bnse  dncGiver  might  have  the  chnnce  of  making 
the  amatde  honorable  by  marrriDg  her,  i.  «,  ot 
course  it  he  were  either  a  bachelor  or  a  widowerj 
but  if  either  he  would  not  or  could  not  in  eonie- 
([uence  of  being  a  married  man,  then  aha  ndfAt 
choose  either  the  knife  to  punish  the  icoandrarby 
castration,  and  so  prevent  nim  erer  dtdng  tlie  like 
again,  or  the  halter  to  hang  him. 

Query,  Was  ever  any  one  under  the  degree  ot 
nobility  decapitated  even  in  the  Isle  oT  Man  P 

Jaxb8  B&TERUr,  Clihx. 

"  WnipPMo  THK  Cat  "  (4*  8.  it.  167,  432.)— 
I  beg  to  offer  another  meaning  to  the  abore 
phrase,  which  is  of  every-day  oecturence  amons 
the  diggers  and  labouring  clasaei  In  Australia  and 
New  Zealuid.  It  signifies  with  them  repentance; 
as,  for  example,  two  friends  having  immbed  too 
freelj[  of  liquor  on  the  previoua  night,  in  the 
morning  one  who  has  spent  more  than  be  oon- 
sidera  was  desirable  benns  to  repent,  exjaeedn^ 
his  regret  at  having  been  so  fooliah.  Thia  u 
termed  "  whipping  the  cat."  J.  H. 

There  ia  a  very  common  saying— Ti&  "That 
there  is  not  room  to  whip  a  cat  in  it,"  by  wUeh 
I  understand  that  if  you  attempt  to  whip  m  est  is 
a  small  room  it  will  most  assuredly  tnm  in  aelf- 
defeuce  and  spring  at  you. 

Jakes  Bbixblit,  OubXi 

Stkbb  (4*^  S.  iv.  330.)- In  the  Jfotittm  Voea- 
bulaire  franqaii,  par  M,  de  Wailly,  a  ittr*  (bom 
the  Greek  dereoi  toUde)  is  defined  "dana  le 
nouveau  Bystime,  unitd  dee  meaurei  de  bcria  de 
chauffage;  11  est  igaV  eu  m^tre  cube,"  And  from 
Hall's  Second  fVench  Coktm  I  leain  that  the  mUrt 
cube  contains  36-31668  cubic  feet. 

F.  C.  Wnxmov. 

Broidhixd  (4^  S.  iv.  421.)— Wni  yoa  Undlr 
allow  me  a  few  words  in  reply  to  W.  P.  F/i 


ootnmunicatlom  aa  to  itvUtd  t  He  wpean  tp  b» 
under  the  impreation  that  I  said  bwiiM  wai  Mid- 
Talent  to  "  embrmdered  "  oftktpnitmt  diy.  Wm 
I  dietincdy  denj,  as  I  hare  ahowa  finm  the  flnfc 
that  the  Greek  original  of  both  1  Tim.  U.  0  and 
1  PeL  iii.  3  ia  from  the  wne  loo^  whieh  lignifiii 
to  plait  or  weave. 

In  mj  assertion  that  broiJtrtd,  not  trotitd,  irm 
4ha  word  <ued  in  tiie  original  oofj  of  the  A.'  T^ 
perhaps  I  should  not  hsTe  been  so  dedded;  fcsL 
on  the  other  hand,  notldng  that  baa  yet  been  mu 
on  the  suMeot  makes  the  couttarr  certain.  Tb» 
most  that  baa  ao  &r  beeo  fonod  In  its  faTonr  to 
by  B.  v.,  who  atataa  that  broiAd  wMars  ia  aa 
edition  of  1611,  but  he  does  not  say  if  it  \m 
edition  of  the  present  A.  T.,  and  all  tbe  feUowtaf 
authoritiaa  he  quotes,  including  the  one  aa  eadj 
aa  1638,  haTO  brMrtd. 

To  n^  stKtement,  that  (rawbd  and  &n>Kfr«J  mn 
probably  exchangeable  terms,  I  atUl  adliera,  t% 
in  addition  to  wliat  I  brought  forward  In  mr 
laet  ererTthiog  «ud  both  byW.  P.  P.  and  S.  T. 
tends  to  oonflrm  it;  fbr  it  seems  n  most  marrel 
Ions  tbitig  that  a  mistake  fb'wl'l  ba  mads^  ao^ 
lected,  again  nude,  a|^  eeneeted,aad  anothw 
word  ^inqriU)  hdaig  eren  snMtimsa  nhstitDttd 
fbr  It,  not  only  in  England  bat  also  cir  the  Oooll- 
nent^  both  In  1  nmTo.  9  and  1  Pat  Iii.  a,  aa  ifffl 
be  eTident  to  any  one  irbo  will  nad  W.  P.  P.  , 
and  £.  V.'s  commmdeatiaos  (lAleh  I  would  qnot* 
were  it  not  for  occupying  spaoe) ;  and  tlils  oaa 
only  he  explained. by  anjppMUig  iniM,  bviiHdt 
and  6ng/£d  mn  ^sonrnuHU  terms.  'Psriufi 
some  ot  the  readers  of  "  N.  ft  Q."  wlio  am  Aaglo- 
Saxon  scholars  or  well  Tetaed  in  anch  anljaol^ 
which  I  am  not  myssU^  will  be  ao  good  aa  to 
refer  to  any  aathorlties  tlufy  may  possess  to  setda 
this  question.  Di  Uoxaru, 


Pluit  Naxxb  (4**  S.  It.  410.HU.  I  __ 
willfindndeBcripaMrof  OwteiiransBBtws^ha 
weed,  in  "  ^  Febms  of  ZtUtr*  from  IJr.  Bar^ 
kmlmdtohUaonata»Univernt9.  OamW^: 
Pilntad  by  J.  Aichdeacon,  Printer  to  the  nBlnr> 
dty,  tea  T.  Oadell,  Londoir,  XDOGxa"  9m.   It  b 

stylad  "CmOmrta  toMom,  giaat  1 "   ~ 

— *^"- "  (See ^  S88  andUl.) 


fllUcdInu0tu(. 
irom  OB  BOOKS,  src. 

miaHnMiiMiftlli  TThnihsiTriffiii     JmO^ 
Jhfr  XmBaMm  ^Jlt^aaJ  Etiit  m^m. 
ir  ■  Fbw  sT  Adim  Ulntwe  cEmm  «*  • 
Br  H»mt  Gtmm,  X.A.     Vm  ■■>— • 
IhikmfimiMtiiglmalAKlitn.    (T 


626 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE& 


[«kB.IT.Itaall,"i8L 


tare;  and  one  which  has  nerer,  we  believe,  been  treated 
with  the  fulness  and  knowledge  of  the  subject  here  dis- 
played by  Mr.  Green.  Shakespeare's  obligations  to  them 
again,  though  freqnently  mentioned  and  referred  to,  have 
certainly  never  been  fallowed  out  and  illostrated  as  in 
the  work  before  us.  It  is  greatly  to  the  credit  of  the 
editor,  and  proves  him  to  be  imbued  with  the  true  spirit 
of  a  scliolar,  that  having  commenced  the  book  as  the 
result  of  his  own  independent  study  of  Shakespeare  and 
the  Emblematists,  he  no  sooner  discovered  that  he  had 
been  anticipated  in  his  inquiries,  than  he  does  full  jnstio* 
to  the  merits  of  his  predecessors.  "  From  the  writings 
of  the  profoundly  learned  Francis  Douce,"  says  Mr.  Green, 
<*  whose  name  ought  never  to  be  uttered  without  deep 
respect  for  his  rare  scholarship  and  generous  r^ard  to 
its  interests,  I  first  became  aware  that  Shakespeare's 
direct  quotation  of  emblem  mottos,  and  direct  description 
of  emblem  devices,  had  in  some  degree  been  already 
polhted  out  to  the  attention  of  the  literary  public." 
That  the  curious  vein  of  information  reforred  to  had 
been  but  slightly  worked,  and  far  from  exhausted, 
however,  Mr.  Green's  handsome  volume  will  readily 
satisfv  each  of  the  several  classes  whom  it  is  specially 
calculated  to  interest.  In  the  first  place  the  earlier  por- 
tion of  the  book,  ^vitb  the  aid  of  the  indices,  supplies  to 
bibliographers  and  lovers  of  old  literature  an  amount  of 
faiformation  respecting  books  of  emblems  antecedent  to 
1616  not  to  be  elsewhere  obtained  but  at  a  cost  of  much 
time,  labour,  and  money.  In  the  second  place,  it  opens 
np  to  students  of  Sh^espeare  a  wider  and  fuller  view 
of  the  master's  reading  and  attainments  in  emblem 
literature.  .To  what  an  extent  these  reached  can 
only  1)e  understood  by  a  careful  examination  of  Mr. 
Green's  profusely  illustrated  volume.  These  illustra- 
tions form  no  essential  feature  in  the  book,  as  the  reader 
will  readily  perceive  when  he  learns  that  it  contains 
about  two'  hundred  examples  of  emblematic  devices 
and  desi^s,  exhibiting  so  full  a  representation  of  the 
various  styles  of  the  original  works  as,  in  the  absence  of 
such  originals,  may  well  serve  to  show  their  chief  attrac- 
tions. The  subject  will,  no  doubt,  prove  new  to  many 
itudents  of  literature,  and  as  curious  as  it  is  novel ;  and 
th^  will  share  the  satisfaction  which  we  have  received 
from  Mr.  Green's  interesting  notices  of  the  old  emblema- 
tists and  his  valuable  illustrations  of  the  writings  of 
Shakespeare. 

2%e  History  of  the  Life  of  Albrtcht  Durer  of  Niimherg. 
With  a  Translation  of  his  Letters  and  Joumaly  and 
some  Account  of  his  Works,  By  Mrs.  Charles  Ileaton. 
(Macniillan.) 

A  good  Tiifc  of  All)ert  Durer,  with  some  judicious 
notices  of  his  chief  works,  has  till  recently  been  a  desider- 
atum amon<^  English  lovers  of  art.  That  want  no  longer 
exists.  The  ink  with  which  we  wrote  our  notice  of  Mr. 
W.  B.  Bcott's  very  satisfactory  book  on  the  subject  is 
scarcely  dry ;  and  lo,  hero  is  another  and  kindred  book  to 
which  we  have  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers !  This 
is  from  the  j)cn  of  a  lady  who  has  obviouslv  made  the 
life,  writings,  and  works,  of  the  great  Nuremberg  master 
the  subjei^t  of  long-continued  and  loving  studv.  It  is 
fortunate,  in  one  respect,  that  these  two  biographies  have 
appeared  as  it  were  at  the  same  moment.  Had  the 
earlier  appeared  a  twelvemonth  since,  it  is  probable  that 
the  writer  of  a  second  Life  would  hove  found  the  book 
declined  by  everj'  publisher;  and  the  suppression  of 
either  wnuld  have  been  a  great  loss  to  the  admirers  of 
Durer.  Traverning  the  same  ground,  and  treating  neces- 
sarily the  same  incidents  and  the  same  art-work,  the 
books  bear  considerable  resemblance  to  each  other,  but 
Mrs.  Heaton's  is,  of  the  two,  more  full  and  more  com- 


plete.   It  is  certainly  the  handioiiier  book ;  and 

over  so  rich  in  Qliutration  that  a  tbtjt  eompetant 
knowledge  of  Durer  powers  as  an  artlit  mar  \m 
obtained  by  a  caxefiil  study  of  tha  tUitr-oiM  MBBir- 
able  copies  of  his  works  which  Mn.  HeatOB  makM 
the  subject  of  her  critidsm.  Ten  of  these  an  ron^ 
ductions  by  the  autotype  O^aibon )  jurocessa  piintca  in 
permanent  tints  by  Messrs.  Cundall  &  Fleming,  and  are 
most  wonderftilly  effective.  The  head  <tf  Pirueiniflr  la 
perfectly  wonderftil,  and  so  again  is  the  Knight,  Death, 
and  the' Devil,  familiar  no  donbt  to  rnaar  of  oar  zeaden 
as  the  origin  of  La  Motte  Fonqu^s  wonderfbl  ramanoe ; 
so  in  short  are  they  all.  Were  we  compelled,  tliawfoi% 
to  select  one  of  the  two  books,  we  should  assniedfy  make 
choice  of  Mrs.  Heaton's  handsome  and  most  iffttmfting 
Life  of  the  Great  Master;  but  at  the  same  tbie  we 
would  advise  all  who  are  in  a  position  to  do  what  la 
right — to  buy  both. 

il/tM  Killmansegg  and  her  PrechuB  Lta,  A  CkMtm 
Legend,  ht/  Thomas  Hood ;  with  Sixty  lUmitratiom  hm 
Thomas  l§.  Seccombe,  B.A.  JSngraoed  bjf  F,  JqsJmkL 
(Moxon.) 

Captain  Seccombe  has  two  ouslifieations  for  the  task 
he  has  undertaken  of  fumismng  appropriate  inustr^' 
tions  to  the  Golden  L^end  of  the  Nineteenth  Centoiv: 
he  has  a  skilful  pencil,  and  a  keen  perception  of  ue 
humorous,  and  of  what  is  often  the  veij  nivane  of 
humorous,  the  satiricaL  This  book  is  altogether  got  np 
in  a  very  original  manner.  It  is  engraved,  not  pratocU 
and  its  binding  is  at  once  novel  in  dedgn  and  stiuing  In 
effect,  and  shows  that  Blammon  Worship  Is  dearly  the 
subject  of  the  volume.  Its  chief  attraction  of  oonne  wfll 
be  found  in  the  many  admirable  iUastnitions  of  Hoodie 
remarkable  satire,  with  which  the  imagination  and  graphla 
power  of  Captain  Seccombe  have  enriched  it  It  is  im- 
possible, in  the  space  which  we  can  dev(^  to  the  Tolama 
before  us,  to  attempt  to  analyse  the  various  sketches  which 
are  scattered  over  its  pages, 

**  Thick  as  autumnal  leaves  that  straw  the  brooka 
In  Yallombroea." 

Several  of  the  more  ambitious  call  to  mind,  by  tbm 
extent  and  variety''  of  the  groups  represented  in  them,  and 
the  motley  yet  strongly  marked  characters  of  the  erowdp 
some  of  the  best  works  of  Richard  Doyle.  Nor  have  tha 
gallant  illustrator's  studies  (for  the  R.A.  appended  to  Ma 
name  means  not  Royal  Academician,  but  Royal  ArtilIefT> 
been  confined  only  to  varieties  of  humanity.  He  know* 
how  to  bring  out  the  good  points  of  a  hone,  and  there  la 
great  power  and  master^'  in  the  various  scenes  preceding^ 
and  in  that  which  represents,  the  ftarfhl  incident  whiS 
calls  the  "  precious  Leg  "  into  existence ;  while  nothing 
was  ever  more  effective  that  in  what  at  first  sight  ap- 

Seors  to  be  mere  trifling  sketches,  thededgnsin  whidi  the 
bowmen  invite  us  to  walk  up  and  see  what  is  to  be 
seen,  and  the  final  sketch  in  which  they  take  their  de- 
parture. Altogether  we  mav  say  of  Captain  Seccombe'b 
"  Miss  Kilmansegg  "  that  it  is  one  of  the  most  efiectiTelT 
illustrated  books  which  the  season  has  produced. 

Sussex  ArchtFoJyical  Ccilleetions,  voL  -g^,  Lewcs,  (S. P. 
Baron.) — This  society  still  shows  its  vigour  in  its  yearly 
volume,  which  has  appeared  notwithstanding  **  the  seriona 
indisposition  of  its  editor.**  It  discusses  the  parochial 
histor}'  of  Mayfield,  Burwash,  and  HoIIiiigton ;  the 
supposed  monastery  at  Beddingham,  the  churdi  of  Weat- 
hampnett;  the  church  and  college  of  Mailing^  Loid^ 
ington  Houx-e,  the  residence  of  the  fiither  of  Caidhial 
Pole,  and  by  some  the  assumed  place  of  his  birth;  and 
other  matters  of  general  as  well  as  local  interest.    Death 


4aS.IV.  DKC.lI,'«fl.] 


NOTES  AND  QUBBIB& 


nny  writers  of  the  locutr'B  pap«n  |  othan, 


of  Ihis, 

Books  Received. — 7b  H^utmiti, 
(Aurchti,  and  ladiatrut  M  Engbml 
Suoael  Smiles.  Third  Edition.  (Mnmy.)  It  la  attia- 
factory  to  find  that  the  (aTODrBbU  apinion  azpreisad  by 
a>  of  this  interesting  contribntion  to  our  Mstoi?  fs  con- 
firmed bj  the  ohII  toi  ■  tlard  edition, 

Sitltr  Ttoie  ;  or,  Sot'iil  BorMolMUiv'i  Ev*.    Bw  ZmOj 
Sarah  IIoU  (Sbaff)   is,  in  tlu  BnulmOO)  Opln&D  of  a 
Urge  part  r  of  Toung  pnpla  to  whom  it  iru 
iotereeting  storr. 

OciW;  A  Stiny 
jerae  B\6  -- 

Jy  Siitrt  and  El , ^ , — 

is  ■  simple  story  of  Norwegian  count^  lift,  told  in  •» 
unaffecleu  natural  uonncr  which  isTiiy  attneUve. 

TuE  Byros  Mtstbbi.— The  sicitament  whieh  Hn, 


,  _  mfry  Lift  ia  Ifnmag.  Sg 
lijtimsljeme  Bjijmson.  TranilatiJ  from  thi  Jferw^a* 
■    "■      ■      ■  Kiiubetb  Iljerldd  (SimpkiD  &  IbnUD), 


publication  stirred  up 


IS  snlisided.    We  have  received  a  fivsh  ^ ^ 

tlie  subject,  "TheTrne  Story  af  His.  Stowa,"  byOnUs. 
A  correspondent  of  the  JIfaAiuJfaif,  onder  ths  WgiWtMW 
of "  (Edipns,"  ettribates  the  sepuBtion  iMtweaoLoid  and 
Lady  Byron  totbefoet,  that  B71DD  WH  nd|r' ■  •■  dsrU 
incarnate''  with  rudimentary  horns  and  tail  andetoren 
feet,  after  the  tme  Satanic  type.  This  would  b«  Indkioiu 
if  it  were  not  sad.  And  lastly,  tlMn  Is  smnonnoad  SDotbar 
startling  pampliiet,  edibod  by  a  wall<known  man  al  tet- 
ters, calculated  we  tear  onlv  to  enoooisga  stfU 
prurient  curiosi^  of  the  pnbllc 


, .   _t   thdr   own   expnue   mgagad 

Poffcra.tlie  sculptor,  to  erect  a  suitable  monomont  over 
the  grave  of  Ridiard  Hiidreth,  tb*  aallMtof  "Tlia  His- 
tory of  the  United  States,"  and  several  Importsnt  works 
on  political  economy,  as  wdl  as  sevaral  lomaaoaa — eoa  of 
which  "  The  White  Slave,"  almost  rivalled  "  Unds  Tom's 
Cabin  "  in  popularity.  ll(r.  Hiidre^  who  was  tlM 
rican  CoDsul  at  Trieste,  is  buried  ia  the  PnteMant 
tery  at  FiorsDce. 

Thb  SijiuK  Fins  Akt  Pbovsssobshif  at  the  TTidTar- 
sity  of  Cambridge  was  filled  up  on  Tucaday,  by  the  alao- 
tionofSirDigt^-Wyatt. 

Messrs.  Hrnsr  and  Blaokbtt  amioaioa  Oat  flie 
widowed  young  Marchioness  of  '        ' 

proof  of  her  quality      ' 

■  -  ■-  called  "  Fairy 

ingB  by  thisaccompllthedla^.  And  that  Mr.  J«af- 
iresun'a  "Book  about  Docton,  and  anothsr  abotrt 
"  Lawyers,"  niU  shortly  be  fallowed  by  ths  natoral  and 
concluding  sequd  of.  such  a  series,  via.  "A  Bodi  about 
tho  Clergy,"  anil,  of  course,  by  the  same  aathor. 

New  Cut  LmiUBT^-Tbe  oammUtee  bavl^  tStmt 
of  all  matters  connected  with  tb«  oontamplated  Ofy 
Museum  and  Liliraiy  wiU,  it  is  raid,  in  all  piolablll^  b* 
ready  with  plans  and  pBrticniars  to  be  snbmtttsd  to  tb* 
Court  of  Common  Council  early  in  tha  new  v««r.  Vwi- 
ons  members  of  the  committee  have  boded  UwwidTea 
iu  examining  other  institutions  of  a  dmllar  duiactar, 
and  in  comparing  notes  as  to  the  lelaliva  narfts  al  aadb 
In  this  WSJ  much  valuable  InfoiaMtioa  has  btsa  m- 
quired,  of  which,  of  coune,  good  OM  wffl  bo  M*di>  SO 
that  there  is  a  fair  prospect  that  the  em>«M  of  IsBMI 
will  ere  long  poftsciu  a  Libraij  and  Mnsenn  of  tbdrowB 
worthy  of  this  great  metiqiolis. 


owed  young  Uarcbioness  of  HasUiwa  ia  aboat  to  gtra 
3f  of  her  quality  as  an  artiste,  t^  the  pnbUeatlai  irf  a 
k  called  •■  Fairy  Fsndaa ; "  it  wiU  beUhutiBtadfrasa 


A  HOW.    ni«»«MWMM«rJW««BlfMMf^BM« 


528 


N0T12S  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ttS.iy.  Diall,'6f. 


I    BOOKS  FOR  CHBISTKAS. 

Thil  dagr,  royal  Sro,  luudioinely  bonnd,  SU.  td. 

ALBRECHT  DtFRER  of  NCRXBERG:  the 

Iliitorr  of  hit  Lift,  with  Tnunilation  of  hln  letters  and  Journa], 
and  tome  Account  of  hii  Worka.  By  MRS.  CHARLES  HEATUN. 
With  upward*  of  30  Autotyiics,  Lithograph*,  and  Woodcuti. 

**  Compririnfc  by  far  the  larirer  part  of  recent  and  old  matter  connected 
with  Dttrer,  her  work— althoucn  that  iMrtion  of  it  which  !•  urigina]  it 
the  least  Taluable— ii  mure  •ernoeable  than  any  Mnsle  uublicatiun  <m 
the  MiUect  in  German  or  Eugliih.  It  ii  enriched  by  4:oou  indcxea.  and 
many  line  autotype  reproduction!  of  fkmuui  engravini^t  by  DUrcr." 

Athcnaum. 

TWELVE   PARABLES  of  OUR  LORD. 

Illuitrated  and  Illuminated.  Twelve  Picturei,  printed  in  Coluun 
fn)m  Skctchci  taken  in  the  Eait  by  McENIItV.  with  Coloured 
Fnmtippii-cc  from  a  Ticturc  by  JOHN  JELLICOP:.  Illuminated 
Borden  from  tlie  I'rcvuriu  tiriinani  in  St.  Mark*!  Library  at 
Vrnicc;  and  Illuminated  TixU  by  LEWIS  UIND.  Royal  4to, 
handMmely  bound,  4S«.  [.Thtt  day. 

**  One  of  the  moat  beautiAiI  of  modem  pictorial  worki.'*— rAc  Times. 

ETCHING  and  ETCHERS:   a  Treatise  Critical 

and  Practical.  By  V.  Q.  II AMERTON.    Roynl  8ro,  with  Orlirinal 
Plates  by  Rembrandt,  Callot,  Dujardin,  Paul  Putter,  ftc.,  half  mo- 
rocco, 3U.  6t/. 
**It  is  a  work  ofwhlch  author,  printer,  and  publiAher  may  alike  ftel 

I>roud.    It  is  a  work,  too,  of  which  none  butajrenuine  arnst  could  by 

poaiibility  have  been  the  author."— 5atMnlay  Rtvitw. 

STORIES  for  MY  CHILDREN.    By  E.  H. 

KN  ATCIIBULI^inJGESSEN,  M.P.  Extra  fbap.  8vo.  with  Illus- 
trations, price  6f.  6<i.  [.This  day. 

THE  WATER   BABIES :    a  Fairy  Tale  for  a 

lAn<l  Baby.  By  CANON  KINGSLEY.  With  Illustrations  bv 
Fir  Noel  Paton  and  P.  Skclton.  New  Edition,  crown  Hvo,  with 
additional  Illustrutions,  6s.  {.This  day. 


TALES    of   OLD  TRAVEL.      Re-narrated   by 

ITENRY    KINGSLEY,    F.R.G.S.     Crown   Rvo,    with    Vi|.'ncttc 
Title  and  B  full-pace  lUustratiunn  liy  Iluard,  cluth,  extra  (^It,  i\$. 

"  Exoctly  the  I)o<>k  to  interest  and  to  do  crood  to  intellifirvnt  and  hlRh- 
■piritvd  Iioys.  For  mere  instruction  it  is  valuable,  so  much  of  fkct  and 
history  is  incidentally  included  in  it;  for  its  high,  generous  tone  it  is 
■till  more  valuable."— ZiCerary  Churchman. 

CAST  UP  by  the  SEA.     By  Sir  Samuel  W. 

BAKER.    Seventh  Thousand,  crown  8yo.    Illustrated  by  Iluard, 
cloth  gilt,  price  Is.  6d. 

**  A  charming  Christmas  book  for  such  of  our  boys  as  have  a  taste  for 
adventure.    It  is  flill  of  incident,  aud  the  story  is  admirably  sustaiued." 

Times. 

RIDICULA    REDmVA:  being  Old  Nursery 

Rhvmcs,  illustrated  in  Cofburs  by  J.E.ROGERS.    Imiwrial  4to. 
with  Illuminated  Covers,  9f. 
"  The  inrwt  Kplenilid,  an<l  at  the  pnmc  time  the  most  really  merito- 
rious of  the  books  tfiieclally  intended  for  children,  that  we  liavu  seen." 

Spectator. 

THE  FIVE  DAYS^  ENTERTAINMENTS  at 

WENTWORTII     GKANGK:    a  Child's   Chrintma^   Book.     By 
FRANCIS   TURNER  PALGRAVE.    Small  4to.  Illustrated  by 
Arthur  lIuchoH,  ilx. 
"  If  you  want  a  really  p)o<l  book  fbr  youngsters  of  both  sexes  and  all 
ages  buy  this."— ^ltA4;ita:um. 

ALICE'S     ADVENTURES     in     WONDER- 

LANl).    By  LEWIS  CARROLL.    EUrhteenth  Thouwind,  crown 
Hvo.  with  42  Illustrations  by  Tvnnicl,  cloth  gilt,  65.    The  same  in 
Fn-nf'h  nnd  Oonnan,  each  f>s. 
'*One  iif  tliccleviTCnt  ami  must  charming  books  ever  composed  for  a 
child'ti  readiui;."— /'(c/{  if  all  Gazette. 

TOM  BKOWN\S  SCHOOL  DAYS.    With  00 

Illustrations  liv  Arth\iriri]};he4  and  Sydney  Hall,  and  Portrait  uf 
the  Author.    Square  cloth,  extra  ^ilt,  \is. 
"  Where  is  the  mrhool-boy  who  would  not  welcome  this  handsome 
Tolumc  as  one  of  the  most  acceptable  presents  he  could  receive  ?  " 

A'oncuTVbrmisr. 

ALFRED  the  GREAT.    Bv  Thomas  IlronES, 

M.P.,  Author  of  "  Tom  Brown's  School  Days,"  &c.  Crown  8vo, 
Illustrated  bv  Iluurd.  M.  ;  k'l'lt  edpt8,4«.  fx/.  Forming  Vol.  VIII. 
of  "THE  SUNDAY  LIBRARY."  IThisday. 

MACMILLAN  ft  CO.  London. 


ITEW  BOOKS  AND  HEW  EDIXIOHtL 


This  dajr,  8E00KD  EDITION. 

HENRY    CRABB     ROBINSON'S     DIARY, 

REMINISCENCES    and    CORRESPONDEITCS.     Scketad  ni 

Edited  bv  Dr.  T.  SADLER.   S  Tuls.  8vo.  with  Fortr^t,  Ma. 
**  Thete  delightftil  volumes, brixnminf  orer  with  nllenfe  ywi^jfutt  wad 
sagacious  rellectlon,  more  than  fblfll  the  wmfrtationi  with  whi^  w% 
looked  forward  to  their  publication  ....  AUy  nud  viHlj  editad?* 

"Rarely  has  so  bright,  various,  and  well-dlgMted  •  collwHon 
publisheu.  It  cannot  oe  epitomized.  It  musi  be  read,  and  will  be 
again  and  again."— if omia^  Star. 

"  A  work  teeming  with  anecdote  about  the  aiyingi  and  doinge  of  Ot 
literary  world  for  something  like  thxee-onulen  of  »eBntiif7.**~ 

JFbrtmSgkuif  Mevim. 

THE  HAMPTON  LECTimES  FOB  laSB. 

PROPHECY,  a  PREPARATION  for  CHRIST. 

Eight  Lectures  by  R.  PAYNE  SMITH,  D.D.,Bcgiiu  FnAwor  of 
Divinity,  and  Canon  of  Clirijt  Church,  Ozfind.    6fO.  Ufc 

CTMf 


PROFESSOR  MAURICE  oar    "SOCIAL 

MORALITY."    Twenty-one  Lectnxee  dellTered  In  the  Unlwiltr 
of  Cambridge   8to,14«.  iTki$da^, 

HEREDITARY  GENIUS:  an  Inquiry  into  ita 

JTiaws  and  CunsequencM.    Bf  FRANCIS  OALTON,  F.B.S.    With 


J  iaws  ana  Lunsequences.    isy  Jt  RAfi 
Two  Genealogical  Tablet.   8vo,lls. 


THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  INDIA,  from 

1RA9  to  iwn.  The  First  Ten  Yean  of  Administration  nnder  the 
Crown.  By  I.  T.  PRICILVRD  ^Gray's  Inn),  Banimitr-ml-LiKrl 
i  vols.  8VO,  with  Map,  sis.  ^  '•  ^[SSdnJ. 

CIIATTERTON:    a   BioOTaphical  Study.      By 

DANIEL  >VILSON,LL.D.    Crown  8w,e».«d.  Wfexlr      ' 


GALILEO'S  PRIVATE  LIFE.    Compiled  prin- 

d^ially  from  his  Correspondence  and  that  of  hi*  Eldnt  Dauhier. 
Sister  Maria  Celeste.    With  Ptortndt.   Crown  8to.  7m.  td.         »""^» 

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PROFESSOR   FAWCETT'S    MANUAL    OF 

POLIT IC A  L  ECONOMY.    With  Two  New  Chaptera  on  KntionL 

E<lucatinn  and  the  Pwr  Laws,  and  their  Influence  upon  *"  ■    " 


l<fcw  and  Cheaper  Edition,  revised  throughoat,  crown  Svo,  Uto.  "W_ 

INTRODUCTION  TO  GREEK  AND   LATIX 

ETYM0I/1GY.    Lectures  by  JOHN  PEILE,  M.A.,  S^Uov  nd 
AbBistant-TutorofChrijt's  College,  Cambridge.   8TO.lte.6d: 

ASPROMONTE,  and  other  POEMS.   Fcap.  8vo. 
price  o.w.  cr&cfar. 

THOUGHTS  ON  LIFE  SCIENCE.    By  Bmr- 

JAMIN  PLACE.    Crown  8vo,8».  iThisdag. 

REALMAH.     By  the  Author  of  "  Friends  in 

Council."   Cheap  Edition,  1  vol.  crown  8V0,  St.  CTUiday. 

A  SHAKESPEARIAN  GRAMMAR.    By  the 

REV.  E.  A.  ABBOTT.   Second  Edition,  with  n  new  IndexT  I^u. 
8vo,Ss.W.  [Tkia^kSr 

A  NARRATIVE  OF  A  YK\R'S  JOURNEY 

TIIROl'GIl  CENTRAL  and  EASTERN  ARABIA.  IflN^ 
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MACMILLAN  k  00.,Laitab 


4*kS.  rv.  Dec.  18, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE8. 


629 


LONDON,  fUTURDAT,  DECEMBER  18,  1869. 

CONTENTS— N«  108. 

NOTES: -Church-Bells.  829 -John  Wilkes  in  Italy.  1765, 
530  —  "  Three  Dialogues  on  the  Amusementa  of  Clerfof- 
roen,"  lb,  —  Rev.  A.  B.  Grosart's  Fuller  Worthies  Library 

—  Mirabeau  and  Bivarol  —  The  Sues  Canal  and  the  Bible 

—  A  Centenarian  —  The  Phrase  "Dear  Me"  — Captain 
Cuttle  — Linty.  530. 

QUERIES :  —  Anonvmous  —  *'  Barnardus  non  Tidet  omnia  " 

—  Campbell's  *«Lochiel's  Warning"  —  Combe  Water- 
Pipcs— Expunffing  of  Writing  >-  Speaker  Foley  —  Hewes : 
Pitra.ve  —  "Histoire  d'un  Peuple  nouveau"  —  Letters 
from  Royalists  —  Punch  —  *'  Pen  and  Ink  Society/'  Ac.  — 
Plant  —  Pretenders  —  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  —  Raphael : 
Troad way  —  Sciences  in  the  Sixteenth  Century  in  Eng- 
land —  Swift's  Vanessa,  Esther  Yanhomrigh  —  **  Tota 
natura  in  minimis  "  —  Weld  Family  —  Whipping  at  Unl* 
versities,  531. 

QuBBiES  WITH  A VBWXS8 :  —  Calvin  on  the  Psalmi  —  Poem 
admired  by  Charles  Lamb  —  Lambeth  Degrees  —  Alexan- 
der RhizoB  Rbankabes :  *'  The  Prince  of  Morea"— Gabriel 
Clarke— Joscphus  —  The  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer  and 
"  Hudibras."  534. 

REPLIES:  — Filius  Naturalis:  Borthwiok  Peerage^  185  — 
The  Stuarts  and  Freemasonry,  586— Fremasonry:  Gor- 
iiioeons,  538  —  Shakespeare  Glossaries  lb,  —  Charles 
Duko  of  Scbomberir  539— The  Man  in  the  Iron  Mask, 
610  — Old  French  Words,  541— Thomas  Rowlandson — 
"  The  Redbreast :  A  Breton  Legend  "—Inn  Signs  painted 
by  Eminent  Artiste  —  Amida.  Daughter  of  Ungh  Kere- 
lioc  — Bells  for  Dissenting  Chspels— "Still  waters  ran 
deep  "  —  Micah  Hall  —  ^'Violet:  or,  the  Danseuse"  — 
Major  Andre's  Letter  to  Washington— Portrait  of  Itobert 
Bums  —  Throwing  the  Shoe  —  A  Pope's  Boll.  Ac,  641. 

Notes  on  Books,  ftc. 


CHURCH  BELLS. 

That  would  be  a  ponderous  volume,  or  rather 
an  extensiye  series  of  tomes,  which  should  contain 
a  tithe  of  the  rhymes,  tales,  and  romances  written 
about  and  told  concerning  the  various  church 
bells  in  "  Merrie  England."  Almost  every  parish, 
nay,  every  village,  has  some  quaint  rhyme  or 
legend  respecting  its  church  bells.  Innumerable 
curious  items  of  this  kind  have  fallen  xmder  notice 
in  the  course  of  reading  and  inquiry,  and  a  goodly 
number  could  be  cited  did  time  and  space  permit. 
It  is  difficult  to  avoid  the  infection,  as,  whilst  we 
write,  merry,  merry  peals  are  issuing  from  our 
own  church  tower,  and  come  floating  in  md- 
lowed  cadences  through  our  chamber  window. 
Years  and  years  ago  we  recollect  listening  to  the 
not  very  sweet  sound  of  the  factory  bell  of  our 
native  village,  which  some  local  rhymester  had 
thus  apostrophised : — 


u 


Ting,  tinff,  toller 
Old  Joe  Roller." 


The  village  church  had  a  cracked  bell,  and  neither 
before  nor  since  has  it  ever  possessed  one  eccle- 
siastical in  tone.  It  had,  however,  its  simple 
traditions.  Frequently,  as  we  listened  to  it  we 
thought  how  we  should  like  to  hear  that  about 
which,  whilst  milking,  our  father  oft  sung  or 
chanted  the  following  snatch  of  a  song,  or  xefraiii| 
viz. : — 


"Fall  ten  mfles  roand 
Yon  may  hear  the  sound 
Of  the  big  Tom-o'-Linooln  0 !  ** 

Then  we  have  also  heard  him  jingle,  in  imita- 
tion of  a  peal  of  six  bells  at  Dean  ennrch,  near 
Bolton : — 

"  Shn,  pngh,  kid, 
Nol,  do],  joe." 

Or,  when  describing  to  us  the  merits  of  the  belli 
of  four  neighbouring  churches,  not  far  from  Man- 
chester:— 

*<  Northern  sweet  mnsie. 
And  Didsbnry  pans ; 
Cheadle  old  kettles, 
And  Stockport  dd  cans.* 

Again,  another  relative  now  and  then  chanta  for 
her  grandchildren,  as  aJie  did  years  ago  for  their 
fathers  and  mothers,  the  following  firagment  of  a 
bell  ioogy  which  she  learned  in  Iml^shire  when 
a  lassie:— 

**  Diner,  dong  for  TImington  I 
Ten  Dells  at  Btrmingfaam ; 
Two  dippers  and  a  trash, 
Bay  the  bells  of  Monetyatti. 
We  will  ring  'em  down. 
Say  the  belli  o*  Tideswell  town  [ocTiddfaigtQnJ ; 
We  will  ring  a  merry  peal. 
Say  the  bella  of  BakewtiL*^ 

Onoe  unoa  a  time,  when  speaking  on  the  anb- 
jeet  to  a  niend  long  lost  sight  oi^  and  probalilT 
now  renodng  "  beneath  the  doda  of  the  TaUej/' 
we  saia  we  had  just  been  reading  the  Life  of 
Dick  Whittinffton,  as  set  forth  in  a  htStfyaaj 
chap-boo^,  and  remarked  that  if  ever  fate  or  for- 
tune led  UB  to  the  "big  city,"  we  would  listen  to 
the  Bow  bells,  in  order  to  disoover  whether  tiiej 
retained  any  sounds  like  those  prophetic  tonei 
which  in  ancient  times  had  enoonraged  a  Tigap 
bond  to  return  and  amass  fame  and  fortune.  He 
told  ua  that  the  beUs  no  longer  said  — 

•<  Tom  again,  Whittingtoo, 
Thrice  Lord  Mayor  of  London,* 

bat  the  following  ^  nominy/  which  also  betnrfac 
an  attempt  at  rhyme — 

"Dfaig,  dong,  bell,  for  Bowmaaf 
Bowman  is  dead  and  gone : 

Left  seven  of  a  famfly» 

Abd  and  Anthony, 

Bidiard  and  Zachaiy , 
James,  Thomas,  and  John." 

In  answer  to  our  inquiries,  our  infotniiiif 
affirmed,  that  formerly  Bow  bells  were  rung  br 
a  man  named  Bowman  and  his  seven  scms.  He 
stated  that  his  emtaph  still  remained  in  the 
churchyard;  and  tnat  ever  since  his  lamented 
decease,  the  foithful  bells  had  continued  to  peal 
forUi  tiieir  sorrow  in  the  dirge  ^ven  above. 

What  truth,  if  any,  is  there  in  the  porlioa  con- 
oemingBowbellaP  JomrHrawnr, 

Oldham. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[«k&iT.  umi^ih 


JOIIS  WILKES  IN  IT,VLy,  1765. 

In  a  tetter  of  the  celebrated  Winckelmanu  to 
the  great  Greek  scholar  Hevoe  of  GiiltiDgen.dnted 
from  Rome,  March  30,  1765,  the  fonuer  nritfiB  :■ — 

"I  hare  bail  un  opporliinity  (>r  liccominf;  intiioatelv 
■equainlvd  with  the  celebrated  Wilkrs,  anil  as  he  wa.. 
here  diiriiig  the  Carnival,  1  have  had  dm?  to  be  much 
irilh  him.  II«  remained,  hnwivcr,  rcanvly  a  week  ut 
Jtame.  lie  travel!  about  with  a  beautiful  (;>')  (.Kind;), 
who  calls  heraelf  Corradini,  and  whq  cornea  from  Parma  ; 
'tia  only  a  pity  that  she  has  become  a  dancer.  He  ha., 
broaght  her  with  him  from  Paris,  and  as  she  keeps  her 
own  carriage  (out  of  her  lover's  pur*e,  of  course),  this  ii 
■  dear  fsDcy.  Thev  went  away  from  hero  to  Naple- 
with  fourteen  poet-horseH.  There  be  ha^  an  be  tells  mi^ 
inn  letter,  taken  a  cumfortahle  house  situated  on  a  hill, 
and  far  awav  from  all  woildlv  noise,  in  order  to  finisli 
hu/r/ifnrjin/£'<HfaBj'froni  the  llevolutiun.'  and  to  get 
a  newediuoaofCbarchiU's  If'orAt  ready.  He  ij  keeping 
rooma  ready  fui  me,  and  it  ia  possilile  that  I  am  going 
OD  a  visit  to  him  and  his  beauty  In  the  coming  autumn. 
He  has  bad  prioted  In  English  a  vindiealion  at  Paris. 
under  the  title  of  A  L^lrr  to  tht  irorAg  EUclort  of  Ihr 
BoroB^  of  Aglabiirii,  in  tht  Omul!/  of  Budu  (London, 
17G4),  which  most  probably  ii  not  known  lu  Uermanv, 
la  it  is  soiree  even  in  Kngland." — I 't<fe  I>«aador<'s  Col- 
lection of  (nncii/BiUHii'.  Britft  an  tit  Ftfiadt  (2  vols. 
Dresden,  1777-a)),  vol.  i.  pp.  liO,  16U. 

Thope  Bric/e  cont^most  interesting  matter  on 
»rt,  life,  nianuera,  people,  bibliogrHphy  (ind  anti- 
quities, depicted  Tnth  a  lively  pen.  Winckelmann. 
«aw  much  of  the  world  when  at  Borne.  Pope, 
cardinals,  printies  feted  him  nmcb,  and  he  became 
among  others,  personslly  and  intimately  known 
to  most  of  the  rich  and  celebrnted  Enpliah  travel- 
lers and  gentlemen  on  the  grand  tour  who  Tisited 
Kome  during  the  middle  of  last  century :  Sir 
Willifun  Hamilton,  John  Wilkes,  "the  celebrated  i 
Wortley  Montagu,"  Lord  Gruuville,  Ljrd  Stor-  | 
mont  (mc),  LonI  Baltimore   ("  the  most  extra- 


"  THREE  DIALOGUES  ON  THE  AMUSBHENTS 
OF  CLEKGTMES.- 
This  book^  vhich  excited  tome  intereot  at 
the  time  of  its  appearance,  and  which  U  noir 
flcarce,  has  been  uaually  attributed  to  a  Dr.  Jo- 
Biah  FVampton;  and  the  preface  to  it  itatea  that 
'  the  manuscript  of  the  work,  in  his  handwiiling, 
{  was  found  amon^t  his  divinity  books,  on  the 
'  disperuun  of  his  library,  by  a  Dr.  Edwaias.  This 
is  a  fiction,  from  first  to  last  The  real  author  wu 
the  Rev,  Wm.  Qilpin,  as  will  be  amn  from  tlw 
following  letter,  the  original  of  which  ia  in  my 

K»is9ion.     It  is  addrsased  to  Messrs.  Cadell  and 
vies.  Strand,  Loudon :  — 

'•  Vicai'a  Hill,  Ap.  11, 1797. 


"  Sir, 


iiin  ai 


m  Kind  to  find  my  ExpoB- 


"  A  little  before  yoa  and  I  inn  oonueclad,  I  pat  into 
Mr.  ^^'hitc's  hands,  through  Mr.  Giibunie,  S  little  dto- 
laeiK>.OnlhcAmnKnuf^o/aawMa,.  TtaedlUonh 
now  pretty  nearly  expended.  Wiia  I  bcaid  laat,  oolv 
60  copies  remained.  I  coald  with,  tbtntVt,  to  pot  a 
secondeditioninloy>hand8;w»willber«-'-  '      " 


,  I  do  not  care  to  pot 
UT  jjaiuc  LU  iLi  tho'  1  find  it  ia  meatioiied  Id  one  of  tiba 
eviewi.  But  il  is  oua  thing  to  on,  and  anotlWT  to  ha 
uipci-ltd.^^Tvo  or  S  of  my  particular  frienda  only,  CJ, 


Mitford,  Mr.Gisbome, 


---jrtaln^. 

"•'  ODg  them ;  and  job  will  be  ao  good  M 

ly  body  trouble  their  head  with  uking,  that 
-  '  ■  -^    -  icll,    YoQ  will  print  it  aa  wi 


ngieed  ab<  our  oChei  concemx. 

lai 


,  Bir, 


BO  many  [W.  highly  recommends  the  English], 
He  ia  tired  of  every  thing  in  the  world,  and  nothing 
bas  pleased  him  but  St.  Peter's  and  the  .\pollo. 
Out  of  sheer  desperation  he  wants  to  go  to  Con- 

Btantinople lie  has  .30,000/.  a  year,  which 

he  does  not  know  how  to  enjoy."'  (Srii/e,  i.  00) ; 
"a  Mr.  Adams"  (me;  not  Adams,  but  Robert 
Adam,  the  author  of  the  Riiiiia  of  tkf  Palm-c  of 
the  Emfieror  Diocletian  nt  Spalalro,  with  en- 
gravings by  Dartolozzi  and  others,  fol.  London, 
1704'),  "a  lover  of  nrcbitecture,  who  is  very 
rich,  and  keeps  on  his  own  account  an  architect, 
an  engraver,  and  several  dr;iughtsmen.  llo  ia 
editing  a  eplendid  work  on  the  I'alace  of  Diock- 
tiau  nt  Satoiui  in  Daimatia,"  &C.  (Urirfe,  t.  «7, 
08) ;  and  many  more.  I  recommend  ihefe  Ilriefe 
most  eameiitly.  IIeruank  Kikdt.    j 


■  lid 


"  of  the  Unil 


rtal  CalidiigKt 


Tr  mt*t  abad<  ktv*, 

WiLU  Giuix." 

Tho  Three  JHalotpiei  are  offennre  only  aa  amm- 

i..„j: —  /.u — ,|j  jjj  j[|g  jjjijjj  clsTgymanly  aad 

,  on  the  clerical  licouae  ot  tka 

lime  in  the  matter  of  sports.     The  writer  eon- 

demns  hunting  and  shootinj;  as  paslimel  for  tho 

i-lolh,  but  hesitates  over  Bailing,  ■nil  audi  br 

luivising  the  clericd  Fiscator  to  fish  Memid  hami 

and  be  satisfied  with  nettioK.    The  aeocnd  editioa 

uaa  published  by  Cadell  aiS  Dariei  in  17S7. 

T.  Wmtwoob. 

[Tlie  Tint  Dialogue!  an  also  attributed  to  tb«  Bar. 

\>m.  Uilpin  in  the  JUcmoir  of  him  pabliahgd  in  lUL 

p.  216.-1SO.]  '^  ^ 

Rev,  a,   B.   Qrobakt'b    Fullxb  Wobthih 

l.iBBART. — May  I  offer,  through  the  p^ea  ot 

■  N.  &  Q.,"  a  gentle  word  of  remonatrance  to  Oo 

excellent  editor  of  this  series,  which,  I  traa^  will 

be  as  well  received  aa  it  is  meant,  on  the  ftrr 

unanliafectory  manner  in  which  the  Latia  extraett 

I  and  quotations  are  given  in  the  rolumei  whlA 

i,j-     have  nitherto  been  issued  P     A  few  miatakea  m^ 

I  be  readily  passed  over,  but  when  the  Unnden  an 


4«»  S.  IV.  Dec.  18,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


ffSl 


incessant  it  amounts  to  an  absolute  disfigurement 
of  what  would  otherwise  be  a  very  attractive 
text.  Not  to  refer  to  back  volumes,  I  take  up 
"Joseph  Fletcher's  Poems"  just  issued,  and  on 
opening  the  memorial  introduction  (pp.  xxii.-iii.) 
I  observe  four  errors  in  a  Latin  elegiac  poem  of 
eighteen  lines,  amongst  which  "  postera  * '  assumes 
the  monstrous  form  of  "  postem."  It  is  in  vain 
to  charge  such  mistakes  to  the  account  of  that 
much-si#ering  race  of  men,  the  printers.  It  is 
the  editor's  business  to  revise  the  proofs,  and, 
where  numbers  of  such  blunders  occur,  he  is 
clearly  the  party  who  must  be  held  responsible. 
I  ought  perhaps  to  state  that  at  the  end  of  the 
volume  a  page  is  devoted  to  "  errata,"  which  Mb. 
Grosart  introduces  by  congratulating  himself 
that  **on  revision  of  the  volume,  the  'faultes 
escaped '  prove  neither  very  numerous  nor  oner- 
ous. Amongst  the  errata  not  a  single  mistake  in 
the  Latin  is  corrected ! 

Surely  Mr.  Grosart  might  avoid  the  occur- 
rence of  such  blemishes  in  future  in  his  very 
valuable  series,  which,  I  trust,  will  extend  to  a 
hundred  volumes  and  more,  by  delegating  to  some 
friend,  if  he  cannot  bestow  the  requisite  attention 
himself,  the  task  of  seeing,  as  the  proofs  pass 
through  the  press,  that  the  Latin  is  rightly 
printed.  A  Lover  op  corrbct  Tbxts. 

MiRAHEATJ  AND  RiVAROL. — ^Thc  rcviewer  of  the 
History  of  the  House  of  Cond6  in  The  Quarterfy  for 
.July  states  (p.  210)  that  "  it  was  said  of  Mira- 
beau's  brother  that  he  would  have  passed  for  a 
roitd  and  a  wit  in  any  family  but  his  own."  This 
reference  is  incorrect.  The  remark  was  made  by 
Rivarol — the  celebrated  wit  of  the  revolutionary 
times— of  his  own  brother,  and  not  of  Miiabeau's 

D.  BLinu 

Melbourne. 

The  SrEz  Canal  and  the  Bible.  —  Wo  read 
in  2  Chron.  viii.  17,  18  that  Solomon  went  to 
Ezion-Geber  and  to  Elath  at  the  head  of  the 
eastern  arm  of  the  Red  Sea;  and  also  that 
'^Iluram  sent  him  by  the  hands  of  his  servants 
ships,"  &c.  Now  how  did  Huram,  King  of  Tyre 
on  the  Mediterranean,  send  ships  into  the  Red 
Sea  P  Some  have  said  they  sailed  round  A£ricay 
and  others  that  they  were  conveyed  overland. 
The  problem  has  been  avowedly  a  difficult  one. 
But  the  recent  opening  of  the  Suez  canal  reminds 
me  of  an  idea  I  was  led  to  favour  when  investi- 
gating the  subject,  and  induces  me  to  publish  it 
in  the  hope  that  it  may  be  considered  by  some 
competent  authorities.  The  idea  is,  that  the 
rboenician  ships  reached  the  Red  Sea  by  nassing 
along  the  Nile  to  Bubastis,  and  thence  by  the 
canal  of  Sesostris  to  Suez.  That  such  a  route 
existed  is  well  known.  Traces  of  the  canal  still 
exist,  and  coincide  in  part  very  nearly  with  the 
southern  division  of  the  canal  of  M.  de  Leasepe. 


This  canal  is  Terr  ancient,  and  if  it  was  open  in 
Solomon's  time,  his  all^  might  have  used  it^  as 
he  himself  was  the  son-in-law  of  a  Pharaoh.  Li 
later  days  there  were  other  canals,  but  this  is  the 
oldest  I  remember  to  have  read  of.  If  my  sug- 
gestion proves  to  be  correct,  it  will  remove  a  very 
great  difficulty  from  a  curious  and  valuable  Id*- 
torical  allusion.  The  old  canal  is  described  by 
Herodotus^  Strabo,  and  others ;  but  they  do  not 
all  give  the  same  account  of  its  origin. 

B.H.O. 

A  Centenabiait. — 

*«0n  the  Ist  Oct  (her  birthday)  at  Now  9  Gibraltar 
Place,  Chatbam,  Mary  Walko*,  aged  104.*' 

I encbse tlds cuttingfirom  The  Timei, October, 
I860.  w.  J.  Bebhhabb  Siciib:. 

Tenqtle. 

[Will  any  Chatham  oorrefpoiideiit  take  the  tnmUaof 
investigating  this  case.— £d.  <*N  .  &  Q.**] 

The  Phsaib  "  Dbab  Mb."— I  have  heard  tids 
common  exclamation  explained  as  parallel  to  th* 
<<  me  miserom,"  wretched  man  that  I  am»  &e^  ke^ 
but  snrely  this  is  not  correet  The  fact  of  its 
being  untranslatable  is  enough  to  prove  it  When 
travelling  in  Italy  it  oceorred  to  me  that  it  might 
ver^  probably  be  a  phonetic  cocraption  of  the 
*'  dio  mio''  one  so  often  hears.  In  the  same  way 
our  **  dear !  dear ! "  seemsexactly  to  correBpond  to 
the  <' dio!  dio!''  TraveUers  abroad  flmenOly 
pick  up  the  interjections  of  a  foreign  1apg«it>g^, 
and  are  fond  of  exhibiting  their  ]aK>wle(%e  on 
their  return  by  tportma  any  little  phrase  the^  can 
find  a  chance  for.  I  should  be  glad  to  hear  if  any 
other  explanstion  has  beenpzopoBed,  or  if  my  own 
is  a  novelty.  C.  0.  P. 

Oaptaif  Cuttle. — It  was  reoentiy  remaiited 
in  <<N.  &  Q."  that,  in  Fhix's  mctoresy  the  captain 
has  the  hook  sometimes  on  tne  right  arm,  some- 
times on  the  left  When  hailing  the  '^cantiooa 
Clara,"  howeTer,  he  k  deseribed  as  without  a 
hook  at  all:  '<  Potting  a  hand  on  eaeh  side  of  his 
mouth."  Gbow 

Lnmr.— I  have  lately  met  with  the  woord  IMy, 
expressing  slowness  or  laziness.  Is  it  peculiar  to 
Essex  P  And  mar  it  not  be  derived  from  the 
Latin  word /Mm  f  RL.H.Tew^BJL 

Saili  Coliw,  Enez. 


AiroimoiTB. — I  hare  a  book  entitled  Th^ 
Youmf  Man's  CaUmg;  or.  The  Whole  Dufy  cf 
Toud.  less.  The  prefiuse  is  ngned  ""S.  C.^' 
Bound  with  the  same  is  The  Tmmg  MmCe  DMm 
MedHaUoM;  m  eome  Sacred  JPoenu,  t^NNi  Sded 
S¥if«ie  ami  Senptmee.  Who  la  the  autiiov^  and 
are  the  poeinsby  the  same  writer  P 

H.  AvxEOEirr-JoBinnNnr* 


532 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4<^  S.  IV.  Dm.  18,  *Ml 


"BiJBNAKDTJB   NOX  TIBET    OMNIA."  —  Tlie   not 

hftving  seen  an  act  done  is  no  proof  that  it  was 
not  done.    What  was  the  orinn  of  this  proverb  ? 

G.  A.  C. 

Campbell's  "Lochiel's  Warning." — 

"  Bouta-rimes  are  strings  of  rhyme  which  stupid  poets 
fill  up  to  make  verses  stupider  still." 

Disraeli  gives  on  account  of  them  in  the  Curt- 

osities  of  Literature,  and  Byron  notices  them  in 

Dan  Jtian  — 

**  But  of  all  verse,  "what  most  ensured  her  praise 
Were  verses  to  herself,  or  bouti-rimc*." 

At  best  the  composition  produced  by  this  means 
must  be  very  bald  and  the  versification  very  lame. 
But  what  authority  is  there  for  the  assertion 
which  appeared  in  AU  the  Year  Round  lately, 
that  Campbell  wrote  his  great  classic  LochieVs 
Warning  from  a  skeleton  of  bouts- rim^s.  There  is 
no  want  of  suite  or  consequence  in  the  matter. 
The  versification  is  smooth  and  agreeable.  In 
short  it  exhibits  none  of  the  symptoms  which 
efiusions  constructed  on  the  botUs-n'm^s  principle 
must  inevitably  exhibit.  If,  however,  the  asser- 
tion is  correct,  the  line — 

"  And  coming  events  cast  their  shado^vs  before  " 

had  a  double  significance. 

Julian  Shabman. 

5,  Qaeensborough  Terrace,  W. 

CooMDK  Wateb-Pipes. — Is  there  any  record 
of  the  amount  expended  by  Cardinal  Wolsey  in 
supplying  Hampton  Court  Palace  with  water 
from  Coombe  Warren  ?  The  pipes  conveying  the 
water  are  about  half  an  inch  thick,  of  lead,  and 
about  three  inches  in  diameter.  What  was  the 
value  of  lead  in  1515  as  compared  with  its  present 
value  ?  Hic  et  ubique. 

Expunging  of  Writing. — Perhaps  one  of  your 
correspondents  learned  in  such  matters  will  tell 
me  how  I  can  expimge  the  writing  of  letters 
without  injuring  or  discolouring  the  paper  in  any 
way.  Several  autographs  in  tne  collection  of  a 
friend  have  been  disfigured  by  some  notes  written 
underneath  in  another  person's  hand,  and  my 
friend  is  most  anxious  to  have  this  kind  of  writ- 
ing removed.  It  is  possible  that  suggestions 
having  reference  to  the  above  query  have  already 
appeared  in  the  pages  of  "N.  &  Q." ;  but  I  could 
not  refer  to  them,  as  I  am  one  of  those  unfor-  | 
tunate  ones  who  do  not  possess  all  the  series  of 
that  most  pleasant  and  most  learned  '^  Inquire  ' 
within  for  Everything."  IIebmann  Kindt. 

Germany.  i 

Speaker   Foley.  —  Is  there  any  portrait  ex- 
tant of  Speaker  Foley  ?     At  Stoke  Edith  there  is  , 
a  picture  of  a  middle-aged  man  in  black  gown 
and  long  bands,  holding  m  his  hand  a  letter  ad- 
dressed  <*Paul   Foley,  Esq.";   but  though  the  i 
costume  belongs  to  the  date  of  the  Speaker,  it  ' 


has  been  thought  unlike  that  which  lie  would 
have  worn.  G.  J.  R. 

Hewes:  Pitmte. — Anthony  Clyffe  or  Gliffii 
made  his  will  April  17^  1573 ;  it  wu  vrored  on 
June  24  following.  He  desires  to  be  oaiied  in 
the  church  haye  of  Hewes — leaves  legacies  to  Ids 
eldest  brother  John  Cliffe,  and  to  Anthony  and 
Maudlin,  son  and  daughter  of  John  his  biother; 
also  to  the  Rev.  Wuliun  Darbye,  panon  of 
Pitmye.  Where  are  Hewes  and  Pitmje  >yrishea  P 
Was  Anthony  Cliffe  of  the  family  ot  Minster  in 
Sheppy,  Kent,  descended  from  Wuliam  third  son 
of  James  Cliffe,  Clyffe.  or  Clive  of  Huzlej  and 
Styche  P  (See  HarL  MS.  1082,  ff.  60,  51).  I 
am  particularly  anxious  to  know  who  Anthony's 
father  was.  I  am  unable  to  say  whether  the  name 
above  is  Pitmye  or  Pitneye.  Y.  S.  M. 

"IIistoire  d*un  Peuple  nouteau."— I  have 
an  old  volume,  of  which  the  following  is  the  title- 
page:— 

"  Histoire  d*un  peuple  nouvean,  oa  d^convrte  d*ime 
isle  \i,  43  degr^s  14  minutes  de  latitude  m^dioiuUe^  par 
David  Tompson,  capitaine  da  vaisseaa  I«  Boitoiit  i^  son 
retour  de  la  Chine  en  1756.  OavriAe  tradidt  de  TAn- 
glois.  A  Londres,  aux  d^pens  d'one  Sod^  de  Ubfaina 
1757." 

Can  any  of  your  readers  give  me  any  iolbrma- 
tion  as  to  the  authorship  of  Ibis  woikP       J.  H. 

Letters  from  Botalisis. — Mrs.  Bray,  in  lier 
Banks  of  the  Tamar  and  Tavy,  alludes  to  a  trank 
of  letters  from  Royalists  in  Cornwall,  addzeHed 
to  Sir  Bevil  Granville,  having  been  discovered  at 
Stowe  in  that  county,  and  removed  by  Loid 
Carteret,  the  landowner,  I  conclude  to  JSawnea  in 
Bedfordshire.  I  can  imagine  no  more  interesting 
or  useful  record  of  the  affairs  of  the  time  in  the 
West  of  England,  and  I  hope  that  some  notice  of 
the  matter  in  ''  N.  &  Q.''  may  lead  tiie  present  pio- 
prietor  of  those  documents  to  a  knowtedge  of  the 
treasure  he  possesses,  and  may  indooe  him  to 
place  them  in  some  capable  hands  for  paUioation. 
in  whose  could  thev  be  better  placed  than  in 
those  of  the  archseologist  of  Trigg  Hundred,  the 
writer  of  the  life  of  the  Lord  Hi^  AdmiralSey- 
mour  ?  GoBHUB. 

Punch. — The  writer  of  an  article  in  the  Gom- 
hiU  for  November,  p.  540,  after  stating  in  a  foot- 
note that  the  wora  *'  Punjaub  means,  as  ia  irall 
known,  the    country  ot  five  waters,  and    that 
'punch,'  the  drink,  is  composed  of  Jhe  ingre- 
dients," proceeds — "  Punch,  the  play  otjtve  per- 
sonages: the  hero,  his  wife,  his  dog,  and  two 
othei^,*'  &c.  &c.    Will  some  one  tell  me  whether 
this  is  etymologically  correct  in  either  sense  in 
which  <<  Punch  '^  is  used  P    I  had  reason  to  believe 
that  ''Punch''  was   of  Italian  origin,  drawing 
his  name  ''Pemchinello'*  from  a  mystenv^y, 
wherein  figured  Pontius  Pilate,  Judas  (judj)^ 
and  perhaps  Tobias,    otherwise  Toby  the  dog. 


I'l-S-lV.  Dec.  18, '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


"  Pes  ANr  IsK  Soctett,"  Era — 1  shall  be  glad 
of  any  infurmation  with  regard  to  the  "Pen  aod 
Ink  Society,"  and  "The  Portfolio."  To  whom 
ought  one  to  apply  for  rulea,  4c.  P  H. 

pLiST. — When  did  the  word  "  plant "  begin  to 
ho  used  to  signify  the  machinery,  utenails  and 
general  "supellex"  of  a  manufactory  or  other 
ealabitahment  carried  on  for  purpoaeiB  of  gain  P 

PBETENDEEa. — Under  this  heading  there  is  a 
paper,  in  AU  the  Year  Bouitd  (Nov.  27),  in  which 
the  writer  relates  the  particulars  of  a  conversa- 
tion he  had  in  America  with  an  old  man  who 
claimed  to  be  "  the  son  of  Charles  Edward  Stuart 
....  unjustly  called  the  Pretender." 

This  worthy  stated  that  historians  are  in  error 
as  to  the  date  of  bis  alleged  father's  death,  which 
was  only  reported  in  order  that  he  might  emi' 
grate  to  America,  where,  according  to  this  new 
Tersion,  he  married  and  had  issue. 

WbeDier  the  old  man  was  an  impostor,  or 
whether  he  believed  hia  own  story,  the  writer  of 
the  article  leaves  in  doubt ;  wbicfi  is  much  to  he 
regretted,  as  the  following  unique  passage  shows 
how  eminentlr  he  was  Stted  for  investigating  this 

Senealogy.  After  examining  the  Touchers  ^- 
nced  in  support  of  the  claim,  he  tells  us  that  he 
made  this  extraordioary  remark:  — 

"  There  is  one  liuk  nantiog  in  Toar  golden  cbala,  and 
Ihnt  n  very  important  one  :  EAa  'hmk  which  pmm  ymr 
falh/r  fr.  be  the  nm  of  Jmui  iht  Stecmd,  M  ealM—thi  hi 
icho  fought  and  hit  the  battle  of  atUodat," 

One  is  not  surprised  to  read,  after  that,  the  old 
man  "  folded  up  his  papers  suddenly  "  and  took 
his  departure.  OoASLn  Wtlib. 

Sir  W4lt£R  Balbioh.  —  Can  any  of  yonr 
readers  explain  a  passage  in  MitcdUmit»,  Hitlori- 
cal  and  Philological,  printed  in  1703  ?  — 

"  Tlio  Lord  Treiuurei  hath  gotten  all  the  gnat  oSce* 
almost  of  the  court  and  coantrv,  and  how  plaring  the 
Hainan,&c.  Of Sii Walter Rawleigh'eaehoo] of Atheiunf?) 
and  of  the  connivcr  that  ia  masler  thereof  (?) ,  aod  of  dill- 
genee  used  to  get  young  gentlemen  to  hli  achool, 
wherein  the  Old  Testament  and  New  ate  jeated  at,  and 
scholars  are  taught  to  apeU  God  backwaida,  &a 

'■  IIuw  miserable  a  thmg  it  ia  that  Her  H^ertj  (Qnten 
Ktizsbeth),  descended  of  90  nobis  Prageniton,  ahonld 
niaiie  Laws  and  Proclamationg  aceording  to  tbaae  man'* 
senses  and  opiniom,"  &e. — Inttrcepttd  Lttltr  nftht  Lard 
Trtaiurtr  publithrd  aiul  cauaertd  if  the  Pipit*,  AJ). 


The  81 


me  document  gives  a  curious  ( 

'  Here  lies  the  worthy  warrior 

That  never  blooded  award ; 
Here  lies  the  royal  coortier 

That  never  kept  his  word ; 
Here  lies  the  noble  Exc«llenoe 

That  raled  all  the  States; 
Here  lies  the  Enrl  of  Leicester 

That  Earth  and  fleaven  halo.' 


ipiti^h :  — 


Raphael:  Tbeaswit. — Can  you  inform  ma  of 
any  play  printed  before  ^e  Bestotaiiou  in  whieh 
the  names  of  Haphael,  a  young  merchant,  and 
Treadway,  his  companion  and  Ueud,  occur  P 

H. 

Sciences  ts  the  Sixtbesth  Cuitukt  nr  £ifa- 
Lun>.  — In  a  letter  from  Archbishop  Cranmar  to 
Thomas  Cromwell  respecting  the  new  foundation 
of  Chriat  Chnrch,  Canterburv  (Bib.  CaU.  CIm- 
potm,  E.  \i.  fbl.  303),  which  I  printed  yeaia  ago 
m  HmtriiVXlL'»Sch«meofBiilt<^>nda{^.'IQ-7f), 
Cranmer  recommends  that  "  it  woll  better  stuje 
w*  the  mayntenance  of  Christian  religion,  fliat  in 
the  Btede  of  the  >aid  Aebendariea  were  nc**  dy- 
Tines  at  x"  a  pace  like  as  ft  ia  apoynted  to  ba  at 
Oxforda  &  Cambridge  and  zl  ntraeotee  in  the 
tonniea  and  teimet*.'' 

Can  yotii  readers  give  me  auOunitdea  of  the 
time  and  referencea  to  them,  showing  what  were 
BOoepted  as  the  anl^eets  lA  "adencea"  when 
Cranmer  wrote  hia  letter  ?  Hxrki  Cou. 

Swm'B  Vaxeua,  EarnXB  Vashoxxish. — Tlie 
Eail  of  Orrerr,  in  hia  LMwt  on  Bern  Aai^  pub- 
lished in  1763  (p.  79),  says  that  Vaneaaa,  or  Ettlwr 
Yanhonuig^,  waa  a  daughter  of  Barthtdomew 
Vanhonragh,  a  Dntch  merehaut'  of  Amstetdani, 
who  upon  tae  Berolotion  went  Into  Inland,  nl 
was  aj^ointed  a  Commiarioner  of  Bevenoe  bj 
Williamm.  Hia  wife  waa  bom  In  Ireland.  Ha 
bequeathed  \6fXf3t.  eqnaOy  to  Ua  wife  and  four 
children— two  aoos  and  two  dangbten.  The  two 
•ona  cUe^  and  tJie  whole  fell  to  the  two  ianA- 
ters,  Esther  and  Man.  Sbuj  aftvwtida  dia^ 
when  the  nmaina  of  tne  fertone,  whidi  liad  baaa 
moob  impaired  br  a  conrae  of  prodigality  in  Lon- 
don, centred  in  VanetaL  Lend  Orrery  goee  oo 
to  aay  that  she  Gsnoelled  ft  will  made  in  Sirifl^s 


0  exeontora,  Di.  'BtMsj,  Kdiop  of  Oloyn^ 

1  Hr.  Robert  Hardutll,  one  of  the  kteg'a  aer- 
geantft-at-Iaw  (aftenrarda  Justice  of  the  CommoB 
Fleas).  &a  had  chosen  Hr.  Marahall,  not  laikg 
aa  he  had  an  excellent  dianeter,  bitt  aa  he  wM 
herrelatico. 

Where  la  this  wiUF  As  it  was  made  Imme- 
dlatelr  alter  hei  laat  quarrel  witii  SwifL  it  ii 
probably  characteristic.  How  waa  Hr.  Jnatb» 
HsiahaU  related  to  Vaneaaa;  and  to  what  extent 
waa  ha  benefited  under  her  will  F  la  then  any 
pedigree  dt  the  Tanhamri^  f 

1^  neat-greftt-grandmotlier  waa  a  datm  ol 
Judge  Harahail*Si  and  my  mofliar  lu^da  a  freehoU 
ea^e  that  has  deaecmdad  to  her  f^<nuhim;  but  I  ' 
was  not  aware  that  he  had  been  Vaueaaa's  exam- 
tor  until  I  saw  it  in  Lord  Orreiy'a  IMtn. 

TniHU  ns  HaoHnr. 

ThtTim|ilr. 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4ttS.IT.I>n.l8,'M. 


"  TOTA  -ViTDKA  IS  MIN 

correspniidcntB  mform  m 
origin  nf  the  proverb  in  bi 


—Can  anjof  your 

i  the  author  and 

:  "  Tota  naturn  in 

Q.  W. 


Weld  Family.— Can  sny  reader  of  "  N.  &  Q." 
supply  iiirormation  sfanwint;  the  connection  be- 
tween tho  WeldB  of  Widbury  Hill,  Hi-rls  (aee 
Harl.  MSS.  1.W4,  fo.  112.  and  1547,  fo.  71b)  and 
the  VikUb  of  Lulworth  Gutle? 

R.  D.  Dawbon-Udffibld,  LL.U. 

Sqihton  Heetory,  Liverpool 

WmrpiSQ  AT  UyivEH-siTiEa,— I  have  in  more 
than  one  place  come  upon  tliia  osaertion  in  refer- 
ence to   the  educatiounl   practices   of  our   fore- 


One  id  inclined  to  apply  the  "  credo  quia  incre- 
dibilo  "  to  euch  a  story.  S'obody,  we  niny  suppoae, 
could  have  invented  it.  C!an  you  toll  me  on  whoao 
authority  this  atrango  illustration  of  the  old  lime 
reats^  Of  coune  there  would  be  no  point  in  the 
atory,  unless  the  whippinfr  wero  a  serious  one. 
Were  college  authorities  in  tlione  daya  (at  the 
commencement  of  the  ei(rhteenth  ceotury)  in  (he 
haUt  of  applying  the  rod  P  Is  it  true,  o«  J  hare 
been  rH/ornW,  thatat  Dublin,  wilhinnlniost  living' 
memory,  underfrraduatea  were  birched  by  the 
ptovoat  aa  the  alternative  of  rustication  ? 

Jaubs  K. 


PoEx  ADviKED  BT  CiiASL£S  Lajh.— I  dull  bo 
glad  to  know  something  about  the  poem,  alluded 
to  in  the  following  extnict  from  a  letter  addreHed 
by  Charles  Lamb  to  Mr.  Moxoa,  Angiut  1B31, 
and  published  in  Talfourd'a  Final  Meweriati  of 
I  CAarU  Lamb  (cd.  1850,  page  24S) ;  -~ 
I  •■  Tht  Alhemrvm  Las  b«cn  hoaxad  with  rams  azanidta 
no* t[]-,  that  wii,  two  ot  tbrra  mnnUia  ag^  la  '  Honi^i 
Book'.. .  aa  f«r  bai:k  u  April,  I  da  sot  know  who  wrola 
I  it ;  bat  'til  a  poem  I  envy — Hat  and  MontEoamy's  '  Lart 

I  ""^  J.  W.  W. 

[The  poem  U  entitled  "  Tlia  Ueadow*  of  Spring,"  and 
ai(;ucd  "Epailon."  It  fint  appeared  In  HoDa*s  Ttar- 
Boni,p.BlO:  iindiiga.iaiiiTluAaaunmotliSl,p.44S, 
where,  io  ■  Hole,  the  editor  statai  "  We  have  a  mipieiaB 
tljnt  wGcoulil  name  the  writer ;  if  bo.  we  an  nra  hli 
name  would  gihce  our  pages  •>  much  u  his  vcms.] 

Lavbrth  Deqkbes.  —  The  Tiaua  of  Uondftj, 
November  20,  contains  the  following  ■ 


"In 


cxaininitlun  for  Lambeth  digiMB  w 


CBurrfctf  Initti  ^iitflncrii. 
Calvijt  on  the  Psalms.— I  have  an  Enrfish 
translation  of  Calvin's  Commmtariet  on  the  Pmlmn, 
down  to  the  7.5th  Paalm— "  the  ends  of  the  first 
parte,"  by  Arthur  Qoldinpr,  London,  1571.  The 
Epistle  Dedicatorie  is  addressed  to  "  Lord  Edward 
de  Vero,  Erie  of  Osinford."     Was  the  concluding 

iiart  ever  published:'  \Miat  is  Iraown  of  the  trans- 
atorf  lie  "translated  into  English  tneeter  the 
sv  Bookes  of  P.  Ovidius  Naao,  entituled  Meta- 
morphom,  4to,  1684."  W.  M,  KiNGSurLL. 

[Tlitre  is  B.  Second  Part,  tonlsining  a  Commentary 
from  I'linlni  Ixxvi.  to  cl.  pp.  259,  rollovcil  by  "A  Table 
declaring  tlie  principal  matlcrN  eoalevnrd  in  Ibcsc  Com- 
mentiirivs  uppun  the  Pulmea,"  making  twenty  page:-. 
Arthur  Goliiiof,',  a  poet,  but  principally  known  ai  a 
t^an^]ulor  in  the  sixteenth  century,  wan  a  native  of 
London.  In  1663  he  Uveil  with  itcrMaiy  Cecil  at  hit 
hoiiao  in  llic  Strand,  and  in  J577  in  tlio  psriah  of  All- 
ballo1I^  London  WaU.  His  chief  poetical  tranalalion  ia 
that  of  Ovid'a  itHamorpliBKt.  He  iilw  translated  a 
diamn  uf  Iteia'a,  called  Abniham't  fvirrifirc.  I'or  bio- 
grapliical  notices  of  him  consult  Cooper's  Alhtna  CantO' 
hrigitnm,  ii.  431,  MS,  and  Warlon's  jrutury  i>f  EngJah 
Pottry,  cd.  1840,  ili,  38I-S?4.  ] 


acemins  the 

nature  of  the  exaniiimtion  referred  to,  ana  tha 
sulijecta  of  study  involved.  ■  D. 

[Ku  test  basaayct  been  applied  to  candldalwlbi  I^lft- 
beth  dei^reea ;  but  ire  believe  it  was  the  iDlantlaa  of  tha 
preaent  ArchbisLup  of  Canteibuij-  to  hsTS  inrtttntail  B 
nystem  of  examination,  and  that  only  his  Qraoa's  nMN 
illness,  from  which  he  is  happily  ntarmag,  hai  pm- 
vcnted  the  design  from  lieing  canied  oat  In  Its  datail*.] 

Alexander  Raizoe  Beahkabis  :  "  Txx 
PitiHcii  oy  MoREA." — I  ahould  like  to  know  if 
there  exists  an  Knj^lish  translation  of  "  Tha  Piuoa 
of  Morea,"  a  bistoricnt  romance  by  A.  ***■'»"* 
l-ibankabes,  lirat  published  in  the  ItaiMra  for 
1801.  O.  A.  ScHSuxn. 

Whilby. 

[There  is  no  English  translation  known  to  ol  of  21b 
rWHce  ofHIerea;  but  there  la  one  In  German  brDl-A. 
Rllissen,  Aiuteiten  muttel-  uiui  ntaffHtekaekM  Litmmlm\, 

Leipzig,  IBSii,  Ihcil  ii.] 

Gaiirikl  Clabee.  — There  was  «  natiob  lut 
year,  in  one  of  the  mriodicals,  of  Oabriel  Olaifca 
of  I^hum,  to  which  I  can  find  no  rafenneea 

B.8. 

[The  nuticc  of  Archdeacon  Gabriel  Claika  a| 
The  AtianMm  of  July  18, 1868.  for  Ai 
of  him  conmlt  Willis's  CaUrdml  Smntf,  i.  SSMtS; 
[[utchinson's  ifiXnry  ofD-riam.  0.  171,  UL  46  i  Wal- 
ker's Svffiriufft  ef  Ue  Oayf,  part  U.  p.  19;  and  La 
Xeve's  MoBumrata  Angliaimi,  ilL  9S.] 

JosEpnuJi. — I  should  be  obli^ad  for  toy  ia- 
fornintion  about  an  early  trsnaUbon  into  Gwmaa 
of  Josephus's  JewiiA  AntimrUiti,  folio ;  in  &> 
margin,  references  to  the  Bible,  datoi,  fte. ;  iriA 


4»»'  S.  IV.  Dec.  18,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIES. 


Has 


"woodcuts  of  great  merit,  which  exactly  fit  the 
breadth  of  the  text ;  printed,  I  should  fancy,  not 
much  after  1550  j  type  fine  and  clear.  Where 
•was  this  edition  published?  and  to  whom  are 
the  woodcuts  attriouted  ?  Sub.  Libb. 

[This  German  edition  of  Josephus  is  not  in  the  British 
Museum,  so  that  we  must  refer  our  correspondent  to 
Iloffniann's  BibUographisches  Lexicon  der  getammten  Lit' 
teratnr  der  Griechen,  Leipzig,  1839,  ii.  451.] 

The  Chancellor  of  the  ExcHEaiTBB  aitd 
"IIuDiBRAS."  —  Could  you  oblige  me  with  a 
notice  on  the  definition  of  the  intrinsic  value  of  a 
thinp^,  in  reply  to  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer's notion  of  it  on  the  currency  question? 
Did  Butler  in  his  HudibraSj  or  any  other  noted 
author,  give  the  definition  in  accordance  with  the 
Right  lion.  Robert  Lowe — "  that  we  did  not  know 
the  intrinsic  yalue  of  anything  "  P 

William  Parker. 

[\Ve  do  not  know  on  what  occasion  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer  made  the  speech  to  which  our  correspond- 
ent alludes,  but  we  presume  Mr.  Lowe  was  referring  to  the 
well-known  couplet  in  Iludibras,  part  it.  canto  i.  lines 

465-6  :— 

**  For  what  is  worth  in  anything. 
But  so  much  money  as  'twill  bring  ?**] 


FILIUS  NATURALIS:  BORTHWICK  PEERAGE. 

(4"'  S.  iv.  192,  280.) 

When  Anglo-Scottjs  attached  so  much  im- 
portance to  the  remarks  of  the  author  of  the 
Teerage  and  Consistorial  Law  of  Scc^kmd^  he 
probably  was  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  the 
writer  had  been  the  legal  adviser  of  the  grand- 
father and  father  of  the  present  Mr.  Borthwick  of 
Cruikston,  the  former  oi  whom  had  been  allowed 
to  appear  and  to  lodge  objections  to  the  case  of 
Archibald  Borthwick,  Esq.,  the  daimant  of  the 
honours  which  had  remained  dormant  after  the 
death  of  his  relative  Henry  Lord  Borthwick, 
whose  right  was  acknowledged  by  the  House  of 
Peers.  This  of  necessity  placed  Mr.  Hiddell  in 
the  awkward  position  of  bemg  the  counsel,  rather 
than  the  impartial  and  accurate  reporter  whea 
commenting  upon  the  facts  of  the  conflictiDg 
claims  to  the  barony  of  Borthwick. 

It  is  just  to  that  gentleman,  nevertheless,  to 
observe  that  when  he  penned  the  passages  re- 
ferred to  by  Anglo-Scottjs,  he  was  not  awaxe 
that  the  two  documents  exhibited  on  behalf  of 
Cruikston  were  fabrications,  which  had  been  irat 
in  evidence  without  proper  examination.  Taking 
for  granted  they  were  genuine,  he  biou^t  them 
to  bear  upon  an  entry  in  a  minute-boo^  wludi 
set  forth  that  in  1511  a  royal  signature  had  been 


obtained  for  a  precept  of  legitimatioii  in  faToar 
of  one  Alexander  Borthwick  m,  not  off  Johiukm, 
Who  the  concoctor  may  have  been  of  ihate 
writings  is  uncertain ;  but  tiie  fact  that  two  deed* 
purporting  to  be  executed  in  1489  were  writtmi 
witnout  uie  contractiona  mvarimUy  used  at  the 
time,  is  of  itself  positive  proof  of  modem  manu- 
facture. No  explanation  was  o£fored  b^r  the 
English  ooim«el  for  Cruikston,  when  givina;  in  the 
writings,  as  to  the  manner  in  which  these  deedB  of 
lands  which  mver  belonged  to  the  Borthwicka  of 
Cruikston  came  into  possession  of  that  family. 
Immediately  after  they  were  printed  they  mys* 
teriously  disappetted,  and  lunre  never  since  been 
heard  of.  The  prmted  cofdes,  aeeordingly,  mnit 
be  accepted  in  place  of  the  originals. 

A  precept  of  sasine  was  xeferred  to,  but  wae 
not  tendered  in  evidence,  although  it  was  the 
connecting  link  between  the  pntoided  charter 
and  the  pretended  infeftment.  It  had,  howerari 
been  recorded  aa  a  probative  writ  with  the  two 
other  fietitiona  docnmcoita,  all  of  wlueh  had  beoi 
presented  for  registration  upon  August  10, 1806. 
W  <'  Mr.  John  Borthwiek,  Writer  in  Edinbui^'' 
the  eldest  son  and  hetr-aq^parent  of  the  propnetar 
of*Craikston,  to  whose  estate  he  sdbseqneiithr 
succeeded.  As  certified  by  the  rseorder,  thift 
gentiemsn  recdved  back  the  ihrm  doeomeiitB  he 
had  given  in;  and  his  reosipt  still  fl(jfcttids,  whieh 
estabushes  the  fact  of  their  retom  to  him. 

The  death  of  Mr.  Arohibsld  Borthwwk  stopftd 
proceedings  for  some  time,  and  excepting  a  now 
petition  St  his  eldest  son,  under  which  nothiiig 
was  done,  the  claim  was  permitted  to  remain  otqv 
until  the  death  of  his  brother  without  issoe  nude 
enabled  Mr.  Cnnningham  Borthwick,  who  had 
been  abroad,  to  revive  it.  This  gentUanan  there- 
upon called  upon  the  representative  and  heir  of 
the  last  two  proprietors  of  Cruikston  to  exhihii 
these  ihrm  papers.  Having  been  wnsniwassftd  in 
tins  demand,  he  raised  a  snmmoos  of  redoctioiL 
aqd  improbatimi  agidnst  Cmikston,  to  set  aside 
^  mcMi^,  which  had  not  been  exhibited  before 
the  Lords,  it  being  unnecosiaiy  to  deal  with  tiie 
prmted  diarter  and  infeltmsnt^  the  £aUUj  of  whidt 
was  «r/eoM  established. 

Upon  servioe  of  the  summon^  Czoikston  ini- 
mediaitely  intimated,  tfanraah  kis  agents^  thai 
he  did  not  mtend  to  defend  the  action,  la  this 
way  decreet  ianttd,  and  the  fictitious  precept  wae 
set  aside  as  being  V^»  ^^  frngmd^fOm^ 

Thus  the  orighua  «r  fmm  fslxrications  printed 
in  1814  having  disappeared,  and  themidrlinl^  the 
precept,  having  been  reduced  in  this  jroossa  to 
which  tiie  Lord  Advocate  was  caUed,  as  mrged  and. 
f abrieatod.  it  weald  have  been  seaMwhat  snr- 
prising  if  the  Lords  ef  the  Ooanmttee  cl  P^ 
vileges  shoold  hmre oreilooked  theiSMt  YmmifiA 
nndsor  their  noiicei  thai  two  deeds  of  the  dale  ^ 


536 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[*»8.IT.DM>.l%'Wt 


1489,  at  printed,  could  nsTer  poiuibly  be  of  the 
date  ascribed  to  them,  and  thnt  the  emeatid  and 
indinwnsalile  mid-link  liad  been  nouulled  as  forged 
and  labricatcd,  by  the  euprcmo  tribunal  of  Scot- 

MoteoTeT,  these  documents,  even  if  genuine, 
weie  not  of  tA(4nw/i'«  evidence  of  baataid;,  and, 
even  if  not  fabricated,  could  not  have  affected 
Mr,  Cunningham  Bortliwick,  whose  descent  was 
precisely  the  same  as  that  of  the  previous  lord, 
their  comnion  ancestor  having'  been  Alexander 
Borthwick  of  Nenlhom.  The  Committee  declined 
to  receive  further  evidence  which  had  been  tendered 
on  the  subject  of  the  fabrication,  and  held,  without 
proceeding  further,  thnt  Iho  word  naturalU  did 
not^r  le  in  1480  denote  bastardy.  The  opinions 
of  all  the  L»w  Lords,  including  the  Lord  Chtin- 

The  only  point  consequently  which  could  be 
brought  to  control  the  ordinary  interpretation  of 
Jiliitt  naluralit  was  the  brief  entry  in  the  minute- 
book  in  February  1611  that  a  royal  si^atuie  bad 
issued  for  B  precept  or  charter  of  legitimation  in 
favour  of  Alexander  in  Johnston.  No  other  de- 
wgnatiou  was  given — a  curious  circumstance,  as 
the  name  of  the  father  is  almost  uniformly  given. 
It  would  require  a  very  clear  proof  indeed  to 
identify  an  obscure  man  living  in  a  village  or 
bamlet,  with  a  son,  even  if  illegitimate,  of  bo 
noble  and  potent  a'person  as  William  Jjord  Qorth- 
wick,  one  of  the  most  poweri'ul  and  influential 
magnates  of  Scotland.  Such  n  parentage  would, 
in  I6I1,  have  been  considered  as  an  honour  rather 
than  a  disgrace.* 

The  date  IGll  of  tbia  entrv  in  the  minute- 
book  of  the  Privy  Seal  Recortt  certainly  shows 
that  a  signature  had  issued  to  warrant  a  royal 
precept  (which  appears  never  to  have  been  done), 
but  it  is  important  because  it  shows  the  absurdity 
of  the  attempt  to  metamorohoae  Alexander  Borth- 
wick in  Johnston  into  Alexander  Borthwick  of 
Nentbom.  The  latternamed individual,  as  proved 
by  the  Rolls  of  Parliament,  upon  January  21, 
1486,  entered  a  protest,  with  hm  father  WiUiam 
Lord  Borthtnick,  to  arrest  proceedings  then  pend- 
ing before  the  Lords  Auditors,  The  entry  is  con- 
clusive, as  it  sets  forth  the  personal  appearance 
"  of  William  Ix>rd  Borthwick,''  and  Alexander 
Borthwick  "his  son."  Now  Alexander  could 
not  then  have  been  a  minor,  otherwise  his  father 
would  have  been  entered  as  his  tutor  or  curator. 
He  was  of  age  therefore  in  1488.  In  this  way 
be  must  have  been  about  fnrly-two  in  IflU.  Ho 
was  a  married  man  in  June  1405,  and  obtained  a 
charter  of  resignation   from  his  father,  who  was 

*  In  the  Itoxburglic  Icgilimaoy  case  Mr.  Itiddell  justly 
remsrka  ilmt  "it  ia  a  jest  to  speak  of  the  declaration  of 
baitardy  in  remote  progenitorB  as  my  [lainful  disgrace  to 
a  family ."—Pid'tHm /or  ihuk  nfRoxbvTght,  p.  2. 


superior  of  the  half  of  a  quarterland  of  Nentlioni, 
in  which  deed,  as  weU  hb  in  tiie  inBtrainvt  <K 
resignation  by  James  Wilson  the  former  pro- 
prietor, on  which  it  proceeded,  he  ii  spMully 
called  Alexander  Borthwick,  mm  of  William  Lord 
Borthwick. 

Ndtber  does  the  evidence  *top  here,  for  Wil- 
liam Lord  Borthwick,  in  the  charter  conv^iiw 
the  lauds  to  his  "said  son"  and  Uargaret  hu 
wife,  and  the  survivor  and  the  bnn  male  of  tktir 
body,  gives  a  remainder  "to  the  hein  mala  whom- 
soever of  the  said  Alexander."  Had  A1ht«iii1t 
been  illegitimate,  he  would  have  had  no  hein 
male.  Is  it  conceivable  that  the  bth«r  wonld 
have  inserted  this  substitution  if  Al^under  oS 
Nenthom  had  been  illegitimate  ?  He  had  no  oe- 
casion  to  do  more  than  give  the  right  to  Alex- 
ander and  his  wife  and  the  heirs  mala  of  tlis 
marriage.  If  they  failed,  then  as  a  matter  of 
course  the  lands  reverted  to  the  superior. 

William  the  father  died  in  1603,  and  waa  bdc- 
ceeded  by  his  eldest  son  TMUiam,  the  brother  cf 
Alexander,  who,  with  a  younger  brother  Adam, 
witnessed  a  charter  granted  by  their  father  to  the 
heir  at  law  in  1404.  In  all  the  Tarioua  deeda  tha 
authenticity  of  which  admits  of  no  qneBtion,  tha 
word ^iuf,  without  any  addition,  is  naed — a  dr- 
cumstance  always  denoting  legitimacy. 
iTobt  amcWded  n.  dv  wK.) 


THE  STUARTS  AND  FBEEMASOSBT. 
(4"'S.  iii.532i  iv.  20, 138.) 

Mr.  Sleigh  tells  us  that  a  warrant  for  a  lodge 
of  I'Veemaaona  was  signed  by  Charles  Edward,  aa 
Grand  Master,  at  Derby  in  1746.  Ma.  YAXKXsin- 
forma  us  that  "  Prince  Charles  was  elected  Oraad 
Master  of  the  Scotch  Order  of  the  Temple  at 
Holyroodin  1746."  And  again  he  further  infbrma 
us  that  "the  Duke  of  Athol  (m'c),  as  Bmn^ 
assembled  ten  Knights  at  Holynx>d  Honae,  Bept, 
1746,  and  admitted  Prince  Charles  Edwan,  who  ' 
was  at  once  elected  Grand  Master." 

It  is  said  that  the  celebrated  Col.  Crodet,  of 
Transatlantic  notoriety,  bequeathed  thia  well- 
known  adac«  to  his  counttymen — "Bs  aim  voa 
are  right,  then  go  ahead."  It  is  a  {nty  that  SLl 
Yareek  did  not  attend  to  the  first  [Mrt  of  thia 
saying,  for  it  can  be  most  easily  ptored  ihat  tha  ' 
Dake  of  Athole  was  not  in  ^inbnii^  when 
Charles  Edward  was  in  Holyrood  Home  in  1741 
To  anyone  who  knows  the  hiaton  d  thtiw  an- 
cient orders  of  chivalry,  the  Enig^ta  Templaia 
and  the  Knights  Hospitallers,  I  Deed  not  x^OBe 
word  of  the  unfounded  asaumptiona  of  the  !nw- 
masons  te  be  ever  so  distantly  comieeted  with 
them.  But  I  may  just  observe  here,  that  even  if 
it  were  possible  for  the  Duke  of  Athole,  and  vtj 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  18,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


637 


number  of  knights,  to  admit  Prince  Charles  into 
the  Order  of  the  Temple,  which  by  the  way  was 
suppressed  in  1312,  and  elect  him  Grand  Master 
thereof,  that  could  not  give  him  any  claim  what- 
ever to  be  the  Grand  blaster  of  the  JSnglish  Free- 
masons. 

After  Freemasonry  was  first  founded  in  Eng- 
land it  spread  rapidly,  through  reasons  which  I 
will  explain  in  another  place;  and  as  a  society 
that  taught  men  to  conceal  a  secret  could  not  be 
tolerated  by  a  church  whose  principal  dogma  was 
auricular  confession,  it  was  speedily  suppressed  by^ 
the  Pope.  The  Bull  of  !Ejccommumcation,  In 
JEmmeTiii,  was  issued  against  the  Society  of  Free- 
masons, by  Clement  XII.  in  1738,  just  twenty- 
one  years  after  it  was  established.  A  translation 
of  it  will  be  found  at  length  in  the  OetUieman's 
Magazine  of  the  same  year )  but  I  may  here  quote 
the  following  sentence  from  it : — 

'<  We  have  condemned  and  do  condemn  by  the  present 
Bull  the  societies  of  Freemasons  as  perverse,  contrary  to 
publick  order,  and  having  incurred  the  major  excommn- 
nication  in  its  utmost  extent,  forbidding  all  persona,  of 
what  rank,  Quality,  or  condition  soever,  who  profess  the 
Catholick,  Apostolick,  and  Roman  religion,  to  cause 
themselves  to  be  written  down,  or  received  into  that 
society,  to  frequent  any  of  its  meetings,  or  hold  corres- 
pondence with  them,  or  to  suffer  or  tolerate  any  aasemblios 
of  Freemasons  in  their  houses,  under  penalty  to  the  con- 
traveners  of  incurring  likewise  the  said  excommunica- 
tion." 

There  is  no  mistake  about  this  Bull;  itis  ao 
important  historical  document,  issued  forth  to  all 
the  world,  seven  years  before  Charles  Stuart,  a 
Eoman  Catholic  observe,  is  said  to  have  become  a 
Freemason. — Need  I  say  another  word  of  the  ab- 
surdity of  the  statement  ? 

In  almost  every  book  relating  to  Freemasoniy, 
mention  is  made  of  a  Chevalier  Andrew  Hamsay^ 
who,  as  Flindel,  in  his  History,  tells  us,  ''  endea- 
voured to  prove  the  connection  of  Freemasonry 
with  the  Order  of  St.  John,  and  to  collect  money 
in  favour  of  the  Pretender."  Hamsay  was  a  nar 
tive  of  Scotland.  In  1710  he  embraced  the  Roman 
Catholic  religion,  under  the  auspices  of  F^n^on^ 
Bishop  of  Cambray.  He  was  preceptor  to  the 
Duke  of  Burgundy,  then  heir  apparent  to  the 
throne  of  France,  also  to  the  Prince  oiTiurenne  j  and 
In  1725  he  was  appointed  to  superintend  the  edu- 
cation of  the  two  sons  of  the  Chevalier  St.  George 
at  Rome — Prince  Charles  Edward,  the  eldest,  being 
then  just  five  years  of  age ;  Henry,  the  youngest, 
about  as  many  months  old.  The  constant  intrigues 
of  the  exiled  family  so  disgusted  him  that  he  only 
remained  with  them  for  a  few  months.  He  sub- 
sequently came  to  England,  where  he  received 
the  degree  of  LL.D.  from  Oxford,  being  the  first 
and  probably  the  only  Roman  Catholic  who  re- 
ceived a  degree  from  that  university  since  the 
Reformation.  He  was  a  distinguished  scholar, 
author  of  many  learned  works,  and  died  in  1748. 


The  Bull  of  Clement  XH.^  just  quoted,  is  a  suffi- 
cient bar  to  him  ever  having  been  a  freemason; 
though  as  a  great  and  good  man  he  must  haye 
despised  their  silly  pueruities. 

Well  knowing,  that  during  the  space  of  160 
Tears  since  masonry  has  been  established,  thent 
has  not  been  one  man  amongst  them  who  has 
distinguished  himself  in  either  science,  literature, 
or  art,  I  took  especial  pains  to  discover  if  Ramsay 
had  been  a  Freemason,  or  if  he  was  only  a  victim 
to  that  love  of  annexation  so  prevalent  among  the 
society.  For,  like  the  fox  that  had  lost  his  tail, 
the  freemasons  claim  every  great  man  from  Adam 
down  to  the  late  Di^e  of  Wellington.  He 
certainly  must  have  been  a  bold  Freemason  who 
undertook  to  lead  the  Iron  Bnke  with  a  rope 
round  his  neck,  neither  naked  nor  clothed,  bare- 
footed nor  shod,  as  their  slang  terms  it,  into 
a  Masonic  lodge :  but  we  may  for  the  present  let 
that  pass.  One  of  their  rules  seems  to  have  been 
on  the  principle  of  omntf  ignotum  pro  maanffieo  eti, 
that  if  a  man  has  written  a  book  that  tihe  Masons 
could  not  understand,  he  £iust  have  been  one  of 
their  sodet^.  So  Fludd  and  many  other  of  the 
old  alchemists  have  been  thus  daimed }  the  Mys- 
tics have  been  served  the  same,  even  Emanuel 
Swedenborg  has  been  set  down  as  a  Freemason. 
A  translation  of  the  Sdhoa  of  the  Abb^  Terrason 
was  actoalljr  published  as  a  Masonic  book  in  a 
Masonic  penocucal  a  few  years  ago.  But  a  brother 
named  E^Uy  made  a  higher  flight  still;  he 
actually  printed  the  Orbis  Miraamm  of  Lee^ 
published  in  1665,  as  his  own,  under  the  title  of 
Sohnum^s  Tenydo  i^nriiwiKsM,  And  as  Lee's 
work  was  dedicated  to  the  wardens,  fellows,  and 
students  of  Wadham  College,  so  Kelly  con- 
verted the  dedication  to  all  free  and  accepted 
Masons.  Kelly  published  this  scandalous  theft  as 
a  Masonic  book  of  his  own  writing,  in  Dublini 
1808,  and  subsequenti^  in  America,  and  by  his 
list  of  sabscribers  this  worthy  brother  Mason 
seems  to  have  made  a  good  sum  of  money.  Ram- 
say's Travda  of  Cynu  has  earned  for  its  author 
the  same  distmction,  the  Freemasons  not  being 
able  to  perceiye  that  it  is  simply  a  system  of  edu- 
cation for  a  young  prince,  an  object  to  whieh 
Ramsay  had  practiouij  deyoted  his  attention  all 
his  life. 

The  result  of  my  researches  were  that  in  no 
authentic  or  imparnal  work  is  there  any  aooouit 
of  Ramsay  haymjg  been  a  Freemason.  The  stonr 
that  he  was  one  is  only  f onnded  on  a  speech  saia 
to  be  delivered  by  hmi  as  Grand  Oranir  at  the 
initiation  of  a  Mason.  No  such  title  as  GranjL 
Orator  is  known  among  the  Reemasons  of  eithar 
England  or  France.  1  have  seen  tiie  speech^  aojL 
I  sGuemnljr  declare  that  it  is  no  mcne  than  a  mtian 
upon  the  Ignorance  of  Freemasons  smd  the  alleand 
pedantiyaBamsay.  I  am  ashamed  in '^N.  A;  Q>^ 
to  name  the  woiktn  which  it  is  Ibandi  bat  I  fed 


638 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»8.IY.  0TC.18,-Ba. 


compelled  to  do  so,  and  it  is  in  tho  Ahuanach  des 
Coats,  a  periodical  published  in  Paris,  from  1741 
to  1748.  It  ifl,  as  its  title  implies,  a  iiltby  obscene 
publication  ;  eo  obscene  that  even  its  Parisian  pub- 
lisher dared  not  to  print  the  "word  Paris  on  the 
book;  the  imprint  on  the  first  two  volumes  is 
Co>'STAXTiNorLE,  on  the  third  Pekix.  We  may 
"be  sure  that  Kamsay  has  never  written  a  line 
published  in  the  disgusting  Almanack ;  and  I  feel 
truly  happy  that  I  have  at  last  rescued  his  name 
from  a  base  but  baseless  stigma. 

This  ver}'  satire  has  since  been  published  as  an 
important  historical  document  in  Lenning's  ffreat 
•work,  the  Encydopiidie  fiir  F/'eimaitrer,  "  This 
encyclopedia,"  says  Flindel  in  his  Histort/,  "  is 
one  of  the  richest  sources  of  Masonic  information, 
and  an  indispensable  book  of  reference  for  every 
inquiring  Mason,  and  now  appears  in  a  second  edi- 
tion, enlarged  and  revisecL  under  the  title  of 
Sandbuch  dcr  Freimaurerei. '  My  bookseller  in- 
forms me  that  a  new  edition  of  FlindeVs  History 
is  to  be  immediately  published.  I  would  humbly 
xecommend  these  passages  to  the  editor's  atten- 
tion. 

Thorey,  in  his  Ada  Latamorwn,  Paris,  1815, 
has  acted  in  a  precisely  similar  manner.  He  has 
published  the  whole  of  a  clever  satire  on  Free- 
masonry, entitled  Cm  Brevet  de  la  Calotte  accords 
enfaveitr  de  tous  les  hons  et  z4les  JFranc^-Ma^ons. 
An  association  of  wits,  during  the  Regency  of 
France,  sent  to  any  person  or  persona  who  might 
fail  in  good  manners  or  good  sense  a  brevet  or 
commission  entitling  them  to  bo  of  the  Regi- 
ment of  Calotte,  and  this  was  the  one  sent  to  the 
Freemasons.  Indeed  it  seems  that  the  Freemasons 
were  too  ridiculous  of  themselves  to  be  sensible  of 
the  shafts  of  ridicule  that  were  laimched  against 
them  on  every  side.  Tliorey  actually  speaks  of 
the  caricature  of  the  Scald  Sliserahle  Preemasotis 
as  if  it  wore  a  great  credit  to  the  society,  and  tells 
us  that  there  are  just  two  in  France.  One  of  them 
is  preserved  with  great  care  as  a  holy  relic  in  the 
Mother  Lodge  of  the  Philosophic  Rite  of  France, 
the  other  in  a  lodge  at  Pouai. 

William  Pinkerton. 

Hounslovr. 

FREEMASONRY :   GORMOGONS. 
(4»»>  S.  iii.  004 ;  iv.  441.) 

In  the  work  named  at  the  first  reference  I  find 
an  account  of  the  "  sublime  assemblde  des  Macons 
africaitiSj  ou  Gomerffons,^^  pp.  163  to  103.  The 
orthography  is  as  above,  and  not  Gormogons,  as 
in  the  note  of  Mr.  W^r.  Pixkertox.  As  tho 
word  is  "Gormogons"  in  the  advertisement 
jtioted  by  Mr.  Pixkerton,  and  is  also  the  same 
in  the  Dtinciad,  I  presume  that  tho  compiler  of 
Les  plus  secrets  Mysthres,  efc.y  has  made  a  mistake. 
But  what  is  the  meaning  of  "  Gormogons  "  ?    In 


the  old  book  the  '*  order  "  is  represented  as  one  of 
great  antiquity,  and  deriving  its  ori^^  from  the 
mystic  rites  of  ancient  IWpt;  and  a  qnotatioa  is 
given  from  Voyage  du  JSienr  Pmd  Imcom  oh  Z^ 
vanfj*  tome  premier,  pp.  92  and  101,  where  we 
have  an  account  of  two  "  lodpres,"  one  at  Naaase, 
in  Egypt,  and  the  other  at  lliebes !  As  I  have 
not  Lucases  work,  and  know  not  where  to  find  i1^ 
I  cannot  say  whether  the  references  are  real  or 
fictitious.  In  Les  plus  secrets  My^krtB^  He^  we 
have  a  very  minute  account  of  the  deoontionB  of 
the  grand  lodge,  or,  as  it  is  called,  ''La  salle  das 
assembl(5es,"  but  nothing  is  ''  d^voil^  "  aboat  the 
«  medal  "  inquired  about  by  M.  D.  (4*  a  vr.  2158) 
and  explained  by  Mb.  W.  PiNKEBTOir.  The^^rjom 
mystic  word  of  the  order  is  ''Sarcopcjay  mot 
dgyptien  qui  veut  dire  cercueil,"  and  uie  mem- 
bers ''  portent  une  petite  croix  sous  laqueUe  Mod 
une  petite  dtoile  dont  la  signification  est  9£mrwt 
1oK^\6ij  ce  qui  veut  dire,  fje  mmtr^  mi  moH," 
The  motto  of  the  Gomergons  is  ''Tiliae  sub  teg- 
mine  tutus,'*  and  this  legend  is  on  the  hierod^ 
phical  card,  which  is  sent  to  every  member  iraen 
a  lodge  is  summoned  by  the  seeretarj.  In  1774 
the  order  was  accounted  to  be  ancienl^  and  I  ymj 
much  doubt  that  it  was  founded  in  the  reign  of 
Queen  Anne,  or  that  it  is  of  English  origin.  Mr, 
Pjnkertox  is  certainly  in  error  as  to  the  origin  of 
"  The  free  and  accepted  Masons.'' 

That  the  Gormogons  or  African  masons  em  ex- 
tinct I  also  doubt.  Perhaps  Dr.  LiTingetone  mi^ 
have  something  to  say  on  that  head.  The  Gk»- 
mogons,  it  would  appear  from  Lea  pbu 
Myst^res,  etc.,  were  never  very  numerous : — 

"  Lenrs  membrcs  sont  trcs-rareM  d  trmiveri 
tons  des  gens  dc  quahtd,  dc  distinction,  dei  ailhlas  les 
phis  renomTO6(,  et^  ponr  la  plnpart,  ce  sont  des  per- 
sonnes  en  service,  qui  amt  de  Fargent" — p.  188. 

The  cross  is  a  prominent  feature  in  the  Gkmno- 

fon  mysteries,  and  it  is  always  ^*  la  cxoix  wrftL" 
am  not  a  Freemason  of  any  "  order."  bat  I  knoiw 
some  of  the  wisest  and  best  of  manKindwho  azei 
and  I  should  be  very  loth  to  class  them  as  "  any  ** 
people,  as  Mr.  Pineertox  so  rashlj  doee.  Hr. 
P.'s  note  is  veir  interesting  and  cnrioaS|and  thexie- 
fore  I  cannot  but  regret  that  such  an  epithet 
''silly"  should  be  applied  to  Freemasan:^! 
secret  societies  in  general. 

Stefhbk  Ja.cxbqk 


SHAKESPEARE  GLOSSABIES. 

(4">  S.  iv.  432,  &c) 

Mr.  Bolton  Cornet  seems  anxioas  to 
light  on  some  of  the  obscure  words  and 
discussed  in  the  Edinburgh  Eeview,  and' I 
only  regret  that  he  has  not  been  more 
But,  80  far  as  his  recent  contriholSoas  to 

*  What  is  known  of  this  author  ?    Was  baSniiu^  or 
French,  and  what  is  the  date  of  his  book  t 


4}^  S.  IV.  Dec  18,  '60.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIEa 


539 


pages  are  concerned,  lie  lias   really  elucidated 
nothing  at  all. 

With  regard  to  tlie  verb  balk,  I  have  given 
authoritative  examples  of  its  use  of  the  same  kind 
as  the  one  quoted  by  Mb.  Coeney  from  Wase, 
and  I  could  have  given  many  more  had  there 
been  the  least  necessity  for  multiplying  authori- 
ties. Mr.  Corney  introduces  Wase  with  a  flourish 
of  trumpets  as  a  new  Shakesperian  glossarist,  and 
parades  the  extract  from  his  dictionary  as  a  dis- 
covery. But  in  fact  Wase  has  no  distinctive 
merit  whatever  in  this  respect.  His  explanation 
of  balky  quoted  so  triumphantly  by  Mr.  Cobney, 
is  a  mere  commonplace  in  the  dictionaries  of  the 
time.  A  similar  entry  occurs  in  the  more  cele- 
brated, and  popular  as  well  as  in  the  more  obscure 
lexicons  of  the  same  class  for  at  least  a  hundred 
and  fifty  years ;  and  I  could  at  unce  give  from  them 
half  a  dozen  examples  of  the  verb,  some  of  which 
are  fuller  in  explanation  and  more  interesting  than 
the  solitary  one  quoted  by  Mr.  Corney. 

But  this  is  not  all.  The  meaning  of  balkf  as 
given  by  Wase  and  quoted  by  Mr.  Corney,  throws 
no  li<<ht  on  Shakespeare's  peculiar  use  of  the  verb 
in  The  Taming  of  the  Shreto,  This  meaning  was 
known  to  the  commentators,  and  rejected  by  them 
as  giving  no  intelligible  sense  to  the  passage. 
Apart  from  the  detailed  explanations  in  the  JE!c£t- 
but'gh  BevieiOj  which  connect  the  earlier  and 
generic  meaning  of  balk  with  its  rarer  figurative 
use  by  Shakespeare  and  others,  the  passage  re- 
mains as  unintelligible  as  before.  These  explana- 
tions have,  I  believe,  for  the  first  time  given  an 
intelligible  and  consistent  sense  to  uie  folio 
reading. 

For  an  explanation'  of  the  wofd  windlace,  Mb. 
Cornet  refers  me  to  Mason  and  Nares.  I  have 
Mason's  Sttpplement  to  Johnson,  but  the  word 
windlace  does  not  occur  in  it,  and  Nares  can  hardly 
with  j  ustice  be  excepted  from  the  statement  that 
our  lexicographers  have  not  clearly  understood  or 
accurately  explained  the  word.  His  attempted 
explanation  is  virtually  the  same  as  TodcTs,  and 
is  exposed  to  the  same  objection.  Windlace  does 
not  mean  art,  contrivance,  or  even  subtleties. 
These  are  evidently  mere  guesses  at  the  meaning 
of  the  word  from  the  context  in  the  examples 
given  of  its  use,  and  they  well  illustrate  the  looie 
and  inaccurate  explanations  which,  as  I  have 
shown,  are  often  found  even  in  the  best  Shake- 
sperian glossaries.  Windlace  means,  as  I  have 
said,  a  winding,  a  circuitous  course,  and  without 
this  knowledge  of  its  exact  literal  signification  it 
is  impossible  to  form  any  distinct  or  accorftte 
conception  of  its  figurative  use  in  Hamlet, 

With  regard  to  the  form  of  the  word,  Ms. 
Corney  is  so  hopeles<!>ly  astray  that  it  would  be 
useless  to  notice  his  statements  ezeept  to  eomet 
them.  He  says,  '^  It  seems  to  me  piobaUe  that 
winddaie,  as  used  by  Fairfax  towaras  the  dole  of 


the  uxteenth  oentory,  is  the  earlier  word.''   Fair- 
fax's translation  was  published  in  1600,  and  the 
examples  of  windlace  1  have  given  in  the  Edinburgih 
Review  are  taken  from  a  work  which  appeaiH^d 
exactly  thirty-tiiree  years  earlier.    Mb.  CoBiniT 
goes  on :  *'  What  we  now  call  a  windlass  is  printed 
windis  and  wmdas  in  the  Sea  Grammar  of  Captain 
Smith,  1627.    Mr.  Fox  Talbot  also  has  wyndae, 
but  he  does  not  five  any  reference  to  his  autho- 
rity."   It  need  hardly  oe  said  that  the  three 
examples  are  merely  different  spellings  not  only 
of  the  same  word  but  of  the  same  form  of  it,  ana 
the V  prove  nothing  except  that  the  form  existed, 
which  I  presume  every  one  at  all  acquainted  with 
archidc  or  provincial  JSnglish  knows  perfectly  well 
already,  as  it  is  given  in  the  commonest  reference- 
books  on  the  subject    But  firom  his  carefulness 
about  the  date,  Mb.  Coknet  apjpears  to  suppose 
that  his  reference  to  Captain  SmiUi  has  some 
chronological  value,  as  snowing  how  early  the 
word  was  used.    In  this,  however,  he  is,  as  usual, 
mistaken.    Chaucer  uses  windas,  and  vn^ndae  oc- 
curs nearly  a   centurv  earlier  in  the  metrical 
romance  of  JRkhard  Coeur  de  Lion,  while  windis, 
the  northern  form  of  the  same  word,  is  also  in 
very  early  use.    Again,  windas  and  windaoe  axe 
^ven  as  lutemative  forms  for  windlas  and  winddas' 
in  different  MSS.  of  the  Promptorium  Parvulontm, 
While  both  forms  occur  thus  early,  wmdlaoe  must 
be  regarded  as  the  older,  the  termination  laee 
being  the  Anfflo-Saxon  Idc,  one  of  the  suffixes  1^ 
whidi  nouns  denoting  a  state  or  action  are  foraiec^ 
and  which  is  represented  in  modem  Fjnglish  somie- 
limes  by  las,  sometimes  by  lodlt,  and  apparentlji 
in  one  case  i^  least,  by  leebe. 

As  the  article  on  '*  Shakesperian  GloaMries'' 
seems,  not  unnaturally  perhaps,  stimnliUing  a  good 
deal  of  minute  criticism,  I  may  take  this  oppcorta- 
nitv  of  correcting  two  verbal  errors  that  were  over- 
looked in  revising  the  proot  One  is  in  the  qno* 
tation  from  HanM  (p.  92),  <<  deductions  "  instead 
of  '*  directions,"  and  the  otiier  in  the  last  line  of 
p.  88,  «  folio  "  instead  of  "  quarto." 

The  Wbiibb  of  zse  Abhole  qs  ' 

SHAXBBPXBZAir  Ql.0B8aSIB8  HT  XHS '^  EDIHBimaH 

BSVXEW.^ 

[TUsaitkls  wasin  i«r  iMuids  Uim  the  wiUm^s  la* 
conmnnieatiMi  (printed  maii  0.457)  nadwd  as^— £d. 

CHABUB8  DUKK  OT  BCBOKBRRQ. 

(S-«  S.  X.  494;  ^  S.  it.  414.) 

I  do  not  dearij  understand  whether  P.  A.  "L. 
kiiowa  <tf  a  portrait  of  this  dnke  or  not  Thenanke 
was  doubtleas  Schlnherg  otidnally,  batFrederidc 
called  Idmaelf  Schomberff  when  he  came  to  TSxu^ 
land,  and  was  creiitod  Duke  of  S^omberg,  wia 
xemaiader  to  hia  joungest  and  favoame'eoB 
dusAoBf  and  after  mm  to  Meinhawti^  the ' 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


C4«>  B.  IT.  Dk  U,  t». 


by  being  created  Duke  of  Leingter.  DuJte  Charles 
bad  ier*ed  in  the  Franeli  and  Prussian  wmies 
with  bis  father,  and  was  major-general  in  the  Eng- 
liah  army  at  the  Bojne.  After  this  he  returned 
to  the  Ithina.  Wimftm  III.,  on  the  temporary 
B  of  his   devoted   follower   Lord   Sydnej 


(whj  was  he  direraced/)  gavo  inike  Uliariea  oi 
Scbomberff  the  1st  Foot  Guarda,  and  entrusted 
him  with  the  command  of  an  eipedition  to  Oalend. 
Some  accounts  attribute  this  command  to  Duke 
Meinhardt  of  Leinster.  In  1003  Duke  Charlee 
was  sent  to  command  the  English  auziliaries  in 
the  serriee  of  the  Duke  of  Sayoj,  and  gnye  offence 
by  the  rit[id  enforcement  of  discipline  in  an  army 
where  every  one  did  as  he  liked.  The  Duke  of 
Savoy  took  the  opportunity  at  the  beginning  of 
tiie  battle  of  Marsiglia  to  publicly  snub  the  Duke 
of  SchombetR  and  order  him  back  to  his  regi- 
ment, wbich  tot  the  rest  of  the  day  he  commanded 
as  a  simple  colonel.  His  warnings  to  the  Duke 
of  Savoy  were  unheeded,  and  the  army  was  de- 
feated.  He  then  entreated  Schomberg  to  com- 
mand the  retreat  and  restore  order,but  be  refused, 
saying  it  was  bis  duW  to  overcome  the  enemy  or 
die.  He  was  mortally  wounded  and  taken  pri- 
soner, and  died  on  wole  at  Turin,  on  October  7. 
1  have  portraits  of  Frederick  and  Meinhardt,  but 
none  oi  Charles. 

P.  A.  L.  asks  who  was  Frederick's  wife.  He 
married,  first,  his  cousin  Johanna  Schomberg, 
daughter  of  his  patemial  uncle,  and  secondly. 
Countess  Susanna  d'Harcourt. 

The  inscription  on  bis  tomb  ia  St  Patrick's 
contains  nnpteasant  allusions  to  his  descendants, 
who,  thougn  entreated  by  letters  and  friends, 
declined  to  erect  a  mooument  in  honour  of  their 
ancestor.  Is  anything  known  of  these  entreaties; 
bj  whom  and  to  whom  wore  they  addressed  P 

Henby  F.  FoNSONBr. 


details  respecting  this  beantifnl  apAcatiuii  of  ari^ 
and  valuable  historic  memoir  of  one  of 'WUliwDi'i 
principal  generals,  may  not  be  umntorMtillg.  I 
possess  a  very  fine  copy  of  it 

Maubici  Lm 


THE  MAN  IK  TUB  IBON  I 

(4'»  S.  iv.  378.) 
The  notice  of  M.  To^'s  "vei_ 
paper  "  in  £s  Cm-rc^tmdmt  relating  to  tbe  than 
mystery  has  reminded  me  of  it  bemg  mentiaoed, 
too,  in  a  volume  which  will  not  be  met  ■» 
much  bv  the  present  generation  tut  it  tued  to  be 
some  jilt^  or  sixty  years  ago.  I  am  ■tinging  to 
the  very  interesting  Mimoirti  Jkm  Fayagw  jwf 
te  repote  (3  vols.  Paris,  1606),  by  tbe  ■miulo  and 
clever  M.  Louis  Dutens.*  He  is  of  opinion  that 
this  "  Masque  de  Fer,"  who  died  at  tlie  BaatiHo 
on  November  10, 1708,  was  tbe  "ndiiiMn  d'nn 
prince  d'ltalie." 

"  imUnOr  d'ni 


k  ponvoit,  juiquo  j 
mu>  il  DC  voulut  jai 
de  toutes  ka  conjecl 


One  of  tbe  noblest  portraits  of  Frederic  Duke 
of  Schomberg  is  that  after  Sir  Godfrey  Kneller  by 
J.  n.  Smiti],  in  mezzotints.  It  represents  the 
duke  on  horseback  in  full  military  costume  of  tbe 

fariod,  with  flowing  head-dress,  attended  by  a 
lack  page  (who  in  wonder  looks  up  to  his  master) 
and  holds  bis  casque  or  helmet.  In  the  distance 
is  a  view  of  tbe  Iloyne,  and  tho  encampment  of 
King  James's  army.  Nearer  to  the  duke  are  the 
Icettle-drummers  and  trumpeters  of  tbe  William- 
iteQuards,  vigorously  beatmg  and  blowing  their 
respective  warlike  instruments.  It  is  a  most 
animated  and  admirably  executed  portrait ;  it 
represents  the  features  of  the  Duke  as  those  of  en 
old,  but  vigorous  and  exceedingly  thoughtful 
man;  and  there  can  be  very  little  doubt  that  it 
jsaa  admirable  likeneas.  It  is  referred  to  by  your 
correspondent  P.  A.  L.,  but  I  think  that  a  few 


Masqus  d(  

m  vet^re,  «t  s'avanoa  anlant  «1t 
!r  u  Hijdtttf  de  U  loi  dCnJWi 
is  loi  dire  rlea  da  plnii  itMB  fWL 
cs  qu'on  avdt  futai  lk-dMMi  S 
de  vruc  Hal*  qadow  tmift 
apris,  madame  de  Pompadour  jg-aDt  pKMd  U  Bof  sor 
ce  sujet,  il  lui  dit  que  le  ^awjne  de  Fer  Oidt  nn  minlrtrt 
d'un  prince  d'ltalie;  et  madams  de  Pompadoor  le  W k 
U.  le  due  de  Choiseol."— Vide  antt,  JEMMtrai,  wL  fl. 
pp.  2(H— 210. 

M.  Dutens  often  visited  Fatis  anteriov  to  tha 
French  Revolution  of  1789,  and  knew  moeh  about 
the  "  Msfqiie  de  Fer.''  His  MHiui-m  an  cqital 
reading,  and  his  detailed  account  of  Qie  "  iSmip» 
de  Fer  "  well  worth  noticing. 

Hssjumr  Knaa. 

Gennuij. 


*  Born  at  Toure,  17S0;  died  In  I 

French  Proteitant,  he  e«me  0V8rtoE.„. 

fricadslupoftbe  Dakeof  NorthmnberiaaJ bwtowed vpOB, 
him  the  fat  living  of  Eladon  in  NortliaiiibalaadL  JBa 
travetled  much  on  tbe  Continent,  and  baolm*  fmrnrntHf 
acquainted  willi  mint  of  tbe  bahimubl*  asd  of  mt 
literary  leadrrs  of  the  lost  century.  Bdng  p<MMMid  of 
fine  iHsle.  he  wrote  mnch  on  the  Fins  Art*  (sUt  ■  praal 
•beets"  of  tbe  UiiivtrMal  An  CUofdA*.  w.  174, 4TA), 
His  Tprtin  (Rome,  17G9),  which  he  aft«nraida  cilltd 
ApptI  au  ton  itni  (London,  1777), «« 
_^___.^, ,__.*. .^^ 


'patoffiquea  da  Hrrm  de»  Rot 


roIlalM.    HkVUte 
Somaiit  ibowB  U*  lUBHaM 
.  lere ;  but  he  ia  bert  kanwn  by  Ua 
J'inrci  prcciaua  and  bv  his  RtAtnhn  nr  FOrigim  im 

i>c»HGerfcia»n'£»<i!iauJlradr!rMa(t]ieEndMtnnida- 
tion,  London.  17(>9,  which  ia  not  mentkoMd  In  tli*''ftMf 
aheetfl,"  ia  dedicated  to  the  Bight  Bon.  J.  &  ll.|— 
Maekeniic?)    Ilia  ^Vt^iiunru  show  that  be  H * -" 

I  belonging  to  that  naUon  whiok, 

.li  tiie  greatest  tiprit,  coltlvatsd  ta 


4«»  S.  IV.  Dec.  18,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


641 


OLD  FRENCH  WORDS. 


(4»'»  S.  iv.  178, 341.) 

I  am  much  obliged  by  the  handsome  acknow- 
ledgment of  my  services  by  Balch  and  his 
friends  (p.  341)  ;  but  as  we  aU  equally  desire  to 
ascertain  the  truth,  may  I  be  permitted  snace  for 
a  few  words  of  comment  on  tne  points  of  differ- 
ence between  us  ?  I  am  sure  they  will  forgive 
my  freedom. 

Oure, — This  word  (from  Latin  oper-is)  was 
spelt  overCf  uvre^  oevre,  and  oure  in  Norman  texts 
of  the  thirteenth  century.  These  forms,  all  ex- 
cept the  second,  are  found  in  Qrosseteste's  Okas' 
teau  (T Amour :  the  last  in  — 

**  II  nu8  doint  see  oures  fere, 
£  nus  dcfende  de  contrere"; 

that  is,  "  May  He  (God)  grant  us  his  works  to 
do,  and  defend  us  from  evil."  It  survives  in 
English,  as  a  factor  in  manMre=.mancet<vre.  The 
old  verb  ctivrirj  covrir,  also  became  in  English 
coure  and  cttre  (Capgrave).  OuvrS,  then,  appears 
to  be  inadmissible,  and  oure  to  be  the  proper  form* 

Heuse, — I  do  not  see  the  difficulty  of  receivinff 
my  interpretation.  Sites  is  a  variant  of  kmSf  and 
?ieu8e  is  a  perfectly  allowable  variant  of  hues;  and 
moreover,  "  the  doors  of  the  new  apartment  or 
palace,''  as  it  might  be  translated,  gives  ^uite  m 
good  a  sense  as  the  "door-posts"  or  "jambs." 
To  refer  the  meaning  then  to  heuse^  hose  is  un- 
necessar}' — ^besides  that,  the  form  hmsses,  at  least 
in  old  French,  is  perhaps  doubtful.  I  have  never 
met  with  it  mysetf. 

JEscroitz  is  not  explained  to  my  satisfaction  by 
escroizezj  which  must  be  very  rare.  The  only 
other  word  with  which  escrcUz  has  even  a  resem- 
blance in  form  is  escroistre,  to  grow  larger;  but 
then  its  participle  is  escreu, 

Luk. — That  luquer,  regarder,  is  argot  of  Nor- 
mandy, though  it  maybe,  as  reluquer,  of  Paris 
as  well,  is  evident  from  "je  m*y  trainispoury 
luquer  "  (Muse  normandej  17Ui  century).  Mehtqm 
is,  however,  now  the  word  in  the  Norman  patois 
of  Pont-Audemer.  (See  Yasnier's  Ohssmyf  1862.) 

Oelez, — Balch  has  here,  I  believe,  hit  the  blot 
It  is  highly  probable  that  the  initial  n  has  been 
accidentally  oropped }  and  the  rather,  that  fweieTf 
noeillier,  are  founa  as  variants  of  nieler  (not  meUer). 
The  past  participle  would  be  noelezy  noeUez^  which 
is  just  the  word  wanted. 

Sorrez. — The  fact  that  the  MS.  has  the  Tarianti 
surorez  and  soriez  prevents  me  from  giving  up 
my  interpretation  ot  this  word.  The  word  sauf 
is  an  adjective,  not  a  participle,  connected  with 
the  verb  saurer,  to  dry  in  the  smoke,  and  hence 
means  properly  reddisn-brown.  A  hareng  sawr  is 
vulgo  a  red  herring — an  epithet  which  suits  the 
case  of  the  fish,  but  not  that  of  an  artide  i$ 
luxe.  We  have  a  derivative,  no  doubt,  in  ''a 
sorrel  horse  ";  but  here  again  we  see  the  referenoe 


to  the  meaning  of  the  verb  sourer,  Soch  a  gueaa 
as  iMa  seems  to  me,  I  confess,  to  coirapt  the  yeiy 
first  principles  of  etymology,  and  to  maintain  its 
traditional  uncertainty. 

Seule  dor, — ^This  expression  still  remainSi  I  yen- 
ture  to  say,  unexplained  by  w/  dor, 

Boirasse. — Batrasse  I  oo  not  know.  The  old 
word  is  boterd,  houteril,  which,  used  in  the  sab- 
ject  case,  would  be  boieraus,  hatmriaus  (seeBurgny). 
The  form  hotrasse  I  cannot  explain.  It  seems 
anomalonSjjMrhaps  corrupted. 

BeMe. — The  paaMse  is — ^^Une  boUe  daigent 
pour  la  cuywne.  What  a  **  bnllet''  has  to  do  in 
the  kitchen  I  do  not  see,  unless  intended  to  foim 
a  part  of  the  **baitene  de  cmsine'M  But  this  is 
quite  a  new  ide%  and  perhaps  haxdlj  to  be 
entertained. 

Mbf, — Mmds  is  the  original  form  from  mocfitff. 
This  appears  also  as  mms  and  tnui, 

J.PiLxn. 

4,  Kildaxe  Gardens. 


Thokas  RowLAirseoir  (4***  8.  iy.  89, 4O0.y-l 
have  in  my  possessioa  seyezal  impressions  of  a 
portrait  of  T.  Kowlandson,  the  cancaturist|  de- 
yerly  etched  by  T.  H.  Parker  of  LoodoiL  If 
W.  P.  will  send  me  his  address,  I  will  forward 
him  a  copy.  Johv  Szkhsqv* 

86,  Bridge  Bow  Werty.Battenoa,  aW« 

^Thb  Ridbbbast:  ABBBiovLBcnN])''  (4^8. 
iy.  S90, 607.)— I  should  like  to  be  kbdly  allowed 
to  state  that,  when  I  composed  the  little  poem 
that  bears  the  above  title,  the  only  writings  I 
was  acquainted  with  on  the  snlject  were  the  two 
I  have  referred  to.  By  the  bj,  the  printer  has 
by  nustake  set  up  the  preceding  part  <»  my  com- 
munication to  '<  N.  &  Q.''  in  quotation  tjrpe  (with 
inyerted  commas),  whfle  my  reference  to  mj  aa« 
thorities  b  duly  giyen  in  larffor  type.  Beaders 
may  infer  that  m  the  preceding  part  I  quote 
from  some  other  writer,  forgetting  to  add  his 
name,  &c 

I  haye  not  seen  tiU  now  the  little  poem  on  the 
same  snbject,  which  is  attributed,  in  all  probabi- 
lity correctly,  to  Bishop  Boane.  mthallnspeet 
to  the  lamented  author,  I  would  yentue  to  remade 
an  inconsistency  in  i^  which,  I  thinly  somewhat 
mars  its  chums.  The  first  stsnza  begms  thns : —> 

^SweetBobin!  I  have  heaxd  them  say, 
That  thou  wert  there  upon  the  day 
That  Christ  was  crownad  in  omil  ioom, 
And  bon  sway  one  UeediDg  thorn." 

And  the  second  stansa  begins,  conostently  eooogliy 

thus  — 

«SweetBobinl  wonld  that  I  mhAt  be 
Bathed  in  my  flavioar^  blood  like  thee ; 
Bear  hi  my  breast,  whatever  the  kM^ 
The  Ueed&g  UaaoB  of  the  eroai  t" 

Bat  the  fifth  and  sixth  lines  <tf  the  first  itaia 
giye  a  totaUj  diifannt  way  of  aoeoailiDg  tut  tiie 


542 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4«»  S,  IT.  Daa  18,  in. 


redness  of  the  bird's  breast ;  the  writer,  forgetting 

or  ignoring,  the  attribution  of  the  redness  to  the 

stain  of  Christ's  blood,  goes  on  with  the  tradition 

as  follows :  — 

"  That  so  the  blush  upon  thy  breast. 
In  shameful  sorrow  was  imprest." 

This  latter  notion  would  be  a  charming  variation 
enough  of  the  story,  but,  in  mv  humble  opinion, 
should  not  be  mixed  up  witL  that  form  of  it 
which  is  given  in  Communications  with  the  Unseen 
World  (p.  26),  and  which  is,  for  aught  I  know,  the 
only  traditional  version  of  the  touching  le";end. 

Before  Quitting  the  subject,  I  would  add  that  I 
should  feet  obliged  if  any  one  would  let  me  know 
of  any  publication  or  publications  in  which  my 
little  poem  has  been  honoured  with  reprinting. 
I  am  told  that,  a  short  time  since,  the  owner  or 
dispenser  of  a  circulating  library  at  Brighton 
pointed  out  the  poem,  with  some  eulogistic 
remark,  in  a  publication  wherein  my  name  was 
not  appended  to  it,  as,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  in 
Efiglish  Lyrics,  John  IIosKY>fs-ABR.\.nALL. 

Combe  Vicarage,  near  Woodstock. 

Inn  Signs  painted  by  Eminent  Artists  (2'*'* 
S.  iz.  291.) — At  Montmorency,  near  Paris,  famous 
for  its  good  cherries,  and  where  the  good  *'  bour- 
geois de  Paris  "  love  to  stroll  about  on  donkeys  in 
that  beautiful  valley  and  wood,  many  artists  are 
wont  to  go  and  take  some  rest  (if  rest  it  can  be 
called)  after  their  weekly  avocations.  One  day 
Carle  \'emet  and  Francois  GiSrard  went  there 
with  light  hearts  and  light  purses.  "When  night 
came  on  —  after  having  enjoyed  themselves  to 
their  hearts'  content,  and  had  a  good  dinner  at 
the  Hotel  du  Cheval  Blanc— at  the  end  of  the 
day,  too,  came  "Me  quart  d'heure  de  Kabelais,' 
toujours  si  difficile  a  digt^rer  '* ;  and,  to  their  great 
dismay,  they  found  tliat  they  had  not  where- 
with to  pay  the  bill  of  fare !  So  they  proposed 
by  way  of  remuneration  to  paint  each  ot  them  a 
white  horse,  to  put  on  each  side  of  the  sign  out- 
side the  inn.  Mine  host,  a  lover  of  artists  if  not 
of  art,  good-humouredly  acceded — and  he  was  in 
the  sequel  amply  rewarded :  for  many  were  the 
guests  who  were  for  years  attracted  to  his  inn,  in 
hopes  of  seeing  the  works  of  these  two  eminent 
artists,  which  after  a  short  while  he  took  into  the 
house,  that  they  might  not  be  injured,  but  be 
productive.  P.  A.  L. 

Amicia,  Daughter  of  IIugh  Kevelioc  (4*'*  S. 
iv.  334,  419.) — I  am  obliged  to  II££U£NTKUde 
for  the  reply  to  my  query ;  but  there  seems  to  be 
so  much  doubt,  and  I  can  find  so  little  satisfaction 
in  the  attempt  to  derive  the  descent  from  Amicia 
through  the  channel  of  Hugh  Audley,  first  lord 
of  the  younger  branch,  that  I  cannot  but  think 
that  Sir  Thomas  Mainwaring  must  have  referred 
to  some  otlier  link  of  connection.  Would  it  be 
through  a  Welsh  medium^  as  Bertred  the  daugh- 


ter of  Amicia  left  a  daughter  Emma,  who  mtmed 
GrifUn,  son  of  Madoc,  Lord  of  Bromefield  and  all 
the  territory  of  Mailour  Sacsoeg — a  person,  saya 
Dugdale  (Baronoffe,  title  Audley),  of  great  power 
in  Wales. 

I  am  not  sufficiently  acquainted  xnih  Welah 
genealogy  to  know  whether  this  line  would  con- 
nect iti^ehf  with  the  Tudors,  and  so  with  the  royal 
family.  It  is  certainly  singular  that  Sir  Thomaa 
Mainwaring  should  never  have  mentioned  this 
descent  in  any  of  the  tracts  published  in  the  lifin 
time  of  Sir  Peter  Leycester ;  and  equally  ao  that 
in  the  splendid  folio  now  at  Peover,  compiled  by 
Sir  William  Dugdale,  containing  a  most  elaborate 
genealogy  and  chartulary  of  the  Mainwaringa,  no 
reference  of  anv  kind  is  made  to  the  collateral 
line  of  the  roval  descent  from  Amida.  Withont 
impeaching  Sir  Thomas  Mainwaring's  accuracy  aa 
a  genealogist,  I  confess  I  should  have  been  better 
satisfied  as  to  the  reality  of  this  descent  if  the 
statement  had  been  made  in  Bir  Peter  Leyeeater^a 
lifetime,  who  would  at  once  have  rejected  and 
put  an  extinguisher  upon  it^  if  he  felt  that  it  dil 
not  rest  on  incontrovertible  grounds,  thoogb  the 
disclaimer  would  have  deprived  him  of  the  honoar 
of  being  collaterally  related  to  ^most  of  the 
great  families  in  England,  his  Gracious  Sorezeign 
Charles  the  2°<^,  and  many  other  great  Kinoa  and 
Queens.''  Sir  Peter  was  a  thoroughly  honflat 
and  single-minded  searcher  after  truth,  and  no 
personal  feelings  ever  interfered  with  his  atraight- 
lorward  pursuit  of  it  in  the  slightest  degree. 

P.O.  a 

Bells  for  Dissenting  Cqapeis  (4*^  S.  it. 
55,  82, 123,  267,  350, 370.)— Mr.  Murnhy  infonna 
me  that  the  weight  of  the  tenor,  or  la]^;eat  beQ 
cast  by  him  for  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral 
in  Thurles,  is  nearly  thirtv-two  hundredweight^ 
and  that  this  bell  is  considered  the  largest  in  tfen 
key  of  D  natural  ringing  in  peal  in  &e  United 
Kingdom— the  average  weight  of  bella  in  that 
key  1>eing  twenty-six  hundredweight.  The  peal 
of  eight  bells  at  Thurles  weighs  iive  and  three- 
quarter  tons.  J.  Q. 

HuU. 

'•  Still  Waters  run  beep"  (4**  8.  iv.  18S.)— 
Have  not  the  words  of  this  proverb  beoome  traiMi 
posed  P  Ought  it  not  to  be  —  "  Deep  mten  na 
still  *'  P  Waters  cannot  accurately  be  aaid  to  ^m 
deep";  they  may,  however,  "run  atilL**  The 
depth  is  the  cause  of  the  stillness,  not  the  effeet| 
as  the  present  wording  seems  to  convey. 

W.  0.  J. 

MicAH  Hall  (4'»»  S.  iv.  294,  870,  42I.)^Yoiir 
correspondents  G.  II.  S.  and  B.  do  not  agree  aa  to 
the  date  of  this  gentleman's  death:  the  fonnflBr 
giving  the  9th,  and  the  latter  the  14th  of  Miajj 
1304.  There  is  also  a  difference  in  the  inacnp- 
tion :  the  word  sum  in  the  quotation  of  one  flor* 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIEa 


leBpondent  Leiug  abii  in  that  of  the  other.  A^ 
to  both  points,  who  ia  correct?  J.  MiiTUEL. 

Ncwcdstlp-on-Tynp. 

"  VioLTTC :  OB,  Tiir  Dassbcsb  "  (4'"  S,  iv.  176, 
324,  397,  493, 41):.'.)— I  distinctly  remember  being 
told  hj  the  late  Mian  F.  Marryat  that  Violet  Ihf 
Daiuieaec  wns  writlco  by  her  father  the  cele- 
brated Capt.  Fradericlt  Marryat,  but  for  some 
reaaon  or  other  the  autiiorship  was  never  ackoow^ 
1  edged,  KoaE. 

If  Violet  was  published  about  forty  Teais  ago^ 
I  recollect  Iicaring  it  said  at  the  time  that  it  wot 
■written  by  the  present  Lord  Ijondondeiry.         E, 

It  has  long  been  well  understood  in  this  dty 
that  Ladv  Mnlet,  wife  of  Sir' Alex.  Malet,  Cormei 
auibasaaJor  heru  from  England  to  the  FedenJ 
Diet,  was  th'^  niithnr  of  the  same.  The  norel 
was  republished  in  Frankfort  by  Jugel,  a  book- 
seller.  I  "have  also  understood  that  Dion  Bon- 
cicault  wroti;  a  comedy  founded  upon  this  norel. 
Do  any  of  your  readers  know  whether  this  be  to 
or  not?  W.W.  M. 

Frankfort-on-Main,  Genainj. 

Major  AN'TiRfi'a  Letter  to  ■Wabhutotoii  (4* 
3.  iv.  3§7).— I  beg  to  refer  K.  T.  V.  to  the  foUow- 
ing  work,  of  which  one  hundred  copies  only  hkve 
been  printed  for  private  distribntion,  but  which 
may  be  seen  in  the  Library  of  the  Britiah 
Museum:— 

"  "  Hislorj-  of  West  Point  and  tl«  HlliCaTj  ImparUDee 
dnrin^r  (be  AToerioui  Revolallon  :  snd  the  Oiuiii  and 
PtogKia  "f  the  United  Ststen"  UilltaiT  Acidnny.  Bv 
Capldin  F.d»nrd  C.  Boj-nton.  A.M.,  A^JQtUit  of  Uu 
Milit.iri-  AcBdemy.  Kew  Tork,  18St"  [LarEa  Bto., 
pp.408.]  "■ 

Pp.  131-147  iDclusive  contaid  all  the  corretpond- 
ence  rebiting  to  the  trial,  or  rather  "  examination  " 
of  Major  Andr£,  includinfr  the  last  commuoicKticai 
which  he  addressed  to  Washington. 

From  tlie  gallant  author's  preface  I  gather  tliat 
his  compilation  is  based  partly  upon  the  publiahed 
writings  of  others,  and  partly  upon  original  papan 
and  documents  in  the  keeping  of  "  The  Custo&an 
of  the  Records  of  the  [U.  8.  Militaij]  Academy 
at  West  Point."  The  MS.  in  question  is  there- 
fore preserved  in  that  institution.  Z. 

The  original  of  Major  Andre's  lett«r  to  WMh- 
ington,  re.^pecUng  which  K.  T.  V.  inquirM  ia 
"  N.  &  Q."  of  the  6th  instant,  is  lodged  in  this 
department.         W.  HuHTEB,  Second  Awiat.  Be& 

DepaHment  of  SUtf ,  WuhiDgtwi,  Nor.  17, 186*; 

Portrait  of  Robert  Btrmrs  (4*  8.  It.  W4, 
318.)  — In  seTerai  numbers  of  "If.  k  Q."  jon 
have  inquiries  after  a  miniature  of  Robert  Bdru 
which  I  suspect  is  in  my  possession.  Itdiflhn 
from  Na^myth's,  and  the  numerona  RnaQ  copM' 
of  it,  in  havinc-  an  inclination  of  the  head  tuwiJi 
the  left  shoulder  instead  of  the  right,  w  veil  m 


in  being  more  intelleetnal,  and  atk  mndi  Uter 
I  period,  probably  when  he  was  thirty-fiTe  or  thir^- 
I  six  Tears  of  age.  It  is  set  in  goM.  witii  hair  at 
the  back,  whicb  seems  too  grey  to  osTe  been  bis 
own ;  is  glazed  on  both  sides,  and  on  the  frame  is 
engraved  "Robert  Bums."  I  bought  it  about 
,  dght  yean  ago  by  public  auction,  and  I  remem- 
her  that  it  was  svppoeed  to  hare  come  from  aooiB 
member  of  the  faimly  j  but  I  hare  not  been  able 
to  clear  np  its  history  or  mysterj.  Fonr  nf  the 
engraved  portiaita  happen  to  have  been  paUIahed 
br  me,  as  I  pnrehased  the  copyright  and  plates  <rf 
Carrie  and  Cromek's  edition,  including  that  i»* 
vised  b^  Gilbert  Buma  in  1890,  Allan  Camrii^ 
ham's  in  1834,  and  two  other  editions;  botl 
have  none  of  them  before  me.  H.  G,  BoHV. 

18,  HenrielU  StreM,  Comt  Gntl«a.  ' 

THBowiKa  THX  Shok  (4**  S.  il  SIS.) — 
"At  a  Javiih  marriage  I  wa*  Mandlu  bj  tb*  bnde- 
{rroum  when  the  brid*  antared.  As  Aa  [iiiiwl  the 
tbnafaold  haMoopad  and  ttmckhwiridillMliMloo  tiN 
nape  of  tba  Deeh.  I  at  OMtsawtb*  fnlenralaltoB  «(tha 
panan  of  SolplarMaueBtlaff  tbs  traarfar  «r  Iha  *ee  to 
aaotlMr,  ia  eaaa  the  bfuttiM^in-Uw  iU  Dot  azmiie  Uk 
prirflega.  Uu  allppar  la  the  Eaatbdag  taken  off  iadaan^ 
Is  at  band  ta  admlnlMar  eoneetioii,  and  b  bn  naal  to 
dgoUy  tha  obadiaQea  of  tbe  wib  and  oftlM  npremM*  «f 
the  buriMod.  The  Hlctalaad  iDstMi  to  to  atrlko  ftr  nod 
look,  aa  thv  lav,  wTtb  ao  oM  iboo.  LUllo  4a  tW 
nupMt  tb*  mmalmt  ImpUtd."— UrqabBf •  POmaSf 

The  poMagereftned  toisDeataioaomyxxr.Ot 

"Tb«o  (hall  bto  bntbw^  wife  naia  nto  hb  ialha 

pT»»eoc«  of  tb*  oldan  and  lonaa  btr  ihoa  ftoat  off  kv 

foot  and  ipft  In  bli  boa  sod  aoiwar  aad  aay :  So  sball  It 

bo  done  onto  that  man  that  wUI  not  bolld  ap  bto  bmlHrt 

Fhnn  these  lines  of  Heymod's : — 
"  And  homa  agdn  hlthwud  onlok  as  a  bea. 
Now,  for  gnod  lock,  cart  aa  old  aboe  at  m*. 
And  these  of  Bid  Jodmm  :— 
-  Bori  after  ma  aa  old  slM 
111  bo  manx  wbatovw  III  dSh" 
Throwing  a  shoe  fin  Indk  is  not  paenliir  tD 
mairiagea.  J.  WiLxnr^  SlOJL, 

,  A  PoTi's  BiTLL  (4*  a  !r.  437.)— lie  hb 
Adnbal  Bmyth,  in  hu  Cyefe  of  OMW  (Mmit, 
i.  281,  1844,  says,  when  spedtiDr  of  EUJay'i 


with  diKbtwUte  kjhM 

Iniwnv  of  A3P0MV  onb  ^^  n* 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[i«S.IT.  Dki.1S,«>1 


e  bull 

OlmBted'a  MechoHum  of  the  Jleasetis,  p.  206, 1850. 
Wm.  Pbhoellt. 

LamorDi,  Tortus j. 

Fall  of  Dtjnuae  Castle  (4"^  S.  iv.  408.)— 
H.  R.'h  note  must  cause  regret  to  many  that  no 

gotograph  or  reliable  drawing  seems  Ofer  to 
ve  been  taken  of  tbese  ruins,  truly  said  by  bim 
to  be  among  the  oldest  heraldic  memorials  in  tbe  | 
country.  BiUinj.'S  does  not  givo  them  in  his 
Saronial  Aniiqukiea,  though  he  figures  the  neigb-  i 
bouriag  ruin  of  Tantallon,  cortainly  not  superior  , 
in  historic  interest  (though  poasimy  in  size)  to 
Dunbar,  which  was  reckoned  in  its  palmy  davB 
one  of  the  kors  of  Scotland.  Since,  however,  the 
arms  of  the  Dunbars  pmbobly  now  lie  as  low  and 
shattered  as  their  power  in  the  Mcr*e,  and  beyond 
the  limner's  art,  my  object  is  to  c&ll  attention  to 
another  Bunbar  relic  in  the  West  of  Scotland,  the 
heraldry  of  which  is,  I  believe,  well  worthy  of 
notice.  This  ia  the  castle  of  Mochrum  in  Wig- 
townshire, on  the  ruined  gateway  of  which,  I  was 
CDce  informed  by  a  friend,  the  arms  of  Dunbar  and 
Bandolpb  may  be  tracod.  There  can  be  little 
doubt  that  these  are  of  nearly  equal  antiquity 
with  thoee  which  have  just  perished.  The  barony 
of  Mochrum  was  confirmed  by  David  II.  to  Earl 
George  in  1308,  and  had  previously  belonged  to 
his  father  Earl  Patrick  (Reg.  Mag.  Sig.).  It 
passed  to  a  cadet,  with  whose  female  descendants 
it  remained  till  last  century,  and  now  belongs  to 
th«  Marquess  of  Bute.  Perhaps  some  one  will 
favour  us  with  an  accurate  description  of  the  arms 
on  Mochrum  Castle,  and  thus  rescue  thorn  from 
oblivion.  They  are  not  given  in  Billings'  work 
or,  BO  far  as  I  am  aware,  in  any  other. 

Anolo-Scotts. 

WATLrao  OB  Waylakd  Family  (4"'  S.  iv. 
435.) — It  may  interest  your  correepondent  W.  C. 
to  be  informed,  that  some  years  since  there  was  a 
family  named  Wayland  connected  with  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Peldon,  Essex.  In  Peldon  church- 
yard ia  an  altar  tomb  in  memory  of  some  members 
of  the  family,  Unless  my  memory  misleads  me 
the  laat  inscription  on  the  tomb  refers  to  Kaehel 
Wavland,  who  married  Itobert  Tahrum  of  Apton 
Hall,'  Canewdon,  whose  cousin  Arthur  Tabrura 
married  Marv  Walford,  granddaughter  of  John 
Walford  by  his  wife  Jane,  daughter  of  Valentine 
IMsbrowe,  son  of  John  Itisbrowc  by  Jane,  sister 
of  Oliver  Cromwell  the  I'rotector. 

K.  U.  Dawsok-Duffield,  LL.D. 

Sephton  Rectoiy,  Liverpool. 

"  Recooxitio  FnnrEA  "  (4'"  S.  iv.  313,  419.)— 
Has  F.  M.  J.  consulted  the  "Catalogue  of  Works 
Telating  to  the  Nature,  Origin,  and  Destiny  of  the 
SouL"  by  Ezra  Abbot,  which  is  appended  to  W. 
E,  Alger's  Critical  Hittonj  of  the  Socfrine  of  a 


Future  Life,  Philadelphia,  1861  SroF  It  il  ODB 
of  the  most  complete  bibliographical  monogi^Iia 
ever  compiled ;  and  among  the  6300  titles  it  canp 
tains,  F.  M.  J.  wUl  no  doubt  find  that  of  th«  book 
he  seeks,  if  it  exist.  Moldti  &  UuxK, 

37,  KiBg  WillUm  Street,  Strand. 

Should  I  be  asking  too  great  a  fovour  firom  J.  H. 

if  I  crave  the  loan  of  the  maniucript  ha  man- 

tions  9     I  shall  take  the  utmost  care  <^  tho  aama. 

Fbasch  M.  Jackwut. 

Portland  Street,  Maachrater. 

SuoTGSLicii  (4>^  S.  ir.  40S.)— I  do  oot  tUuk 
that  the  word  tmoter  can  be  made  into  tmooUt  bj 
any  koown  ordinary  philological  piooeas.  Tha 
usual  meaning  of  smoterii  known  to  be  SKUd  or 
dirt,  and  Chaucer  is  himself  an  antbon^  tat  ^batf 
BB  he  says  the  knight's  "gepoun"  waa  "alby- 
smotered  with  his  habe^oun.'  Tyrwbitt  lo  ex- 
plains the  word,  and  evidently  intimatea  tbat  bia 
only  diiBculty  is  to  understand  the  general  drift 
of  the  passage — a  difficulty  under  which  tntty 
other  editor  has  also  laboured.  Now  the  ntMO- 
ing  which  I  believe  to  be  the  true  one  luu  boan 
suggested  to  me  by  reading  frequently  JjiotglaaHa 
pointed  remarks  upon  the  feeunga  tben  onmot 
m  England  about  illegitimacy.  So  hen  thfl  «x- 
planation  is,  tliat  the  miller's  wiCs  waa  imalmlieh, 
1.  e.  besmirched  or  tainted  in  her  good  &me,  b^ 
cause  she  was  illegitimate  in  birtb.  Tho  tuBm 
chose  her  because  she  was  of  "  DoUe  Idn  "•~ib, 
the  daughter  of  no  lesa  a  penonag«  than  tbt 
"  parson  of  the  town ; "  batitmoatbenmenibeMd 
that,  although  many  of  the  secular  cleigT  wan 
married,  their  maniagii  waa  alwa^B  caUiM  ecm- 
cubinage,  and  their  children  somewhat  ti*  '  '  '  ~ 
name,  or,  as  Chaucer  says,  "  somdel  anu 
This  explanation  is  the  only  one  that  will  e: 
the  whole  context,  from  hno  twentf-two  t 
forty-eight.  Observe  how  anxioot  toe  paiao 
to  get  the  miller  for  his  son-in-law,  for  ho  oBmi 


I  of  I 


)  tha 


wife  who  had  been  well  brought  Jif,  and  who 
I  was  a  maid,  The  girl  herself  guned  bf  tiia 
I  alliance ;  for,  after  her  marriage,  no  one  dniat  ClQ 
her  anything  but  inii:f(i»i«.  Before  tha^  no  donM* 
I  she  bad  ofteu  heard  whisperings  about  her  owb 
doubtful  claims  to  aocietv,  and  theae  rumoan  had 
Boured  her  temper,  and  made  her  "  dc^IM  •• 
water  in  a  dich,'  a  phrase  which  I  haveexpl^iMd 
in  my  notes  to  the  Oedt,  p.  44.  "  She  tbourtt 
ladies  ought  to  tpare  her,"  says  Chaucer,"  "W 
cause  of  her  kindred  and  her  irwumf  ip";  i.a, 
they  ought  to  forego  Uieir  remarlca  becwue  aba 
was,  after  all,  of  noble  kin,  and  hei  father  badtahaa 
pains  to  have  hereducatedinannnnarj.  loansot 
see  how  any  other  explanation  of  tmaUrVelt  cai 
Kive  the  least  point  to  the  phian  "hir  H 
ladies  oughten  oir  to  spate. 


*■»  S.  IV.  Dec.  I 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES.. 


Mb.  Addis  nddueea  the  word  smofer  in  another 
quolHtimi,  'which  Halliwell  does  Dot  eiplatn.  But 
tliifl  is  a  totally  different  word.  This  eecond  tmatfr 
is  tbo  same  ns  tho  provincial  imooti/foced,  ao 
irell  explained  in  Atkinson's  Cleveland  Glouary. 
It  means  hypocritically  baslirul  or  slily  modest, 
«Dd  is  of  Scandinavian  origin. 

Walier  W.  Skeat. 

I,  Cint™  Ti'rraco,  CuinbriJgt. 

Defoe's  "  IIibtobi  op  tee  Deyu.  "  (V*'  8.  iv. 
409.1 — For  the  sake  of  accuracv,  which  is  one 
of  tne  leading  principles  of  "T^.  &  Q.,"  may  I 
'enter  a  protest  against  any  work  of  Defoe's  being 
called  his  chef-3'ieuvre,  eicept  our  old  and  gene- 
tal  favourite  Robiiuon  Crusoe?  I  would  ask, 
what  conBtitutes  a  masterpiece  P  and  whether 
universal  recognition  of  merit  is  not  to  be  thrown 
into  the  scale  along  with  the  consideralious  that 
only  influence  the  uncritical  few  ?  But  even  sup- 
posing that  the  popular  voice  is  not  always  to  be 
relied  upon — a  queBtion  which  is  open  to  wide 
diflcussioQ — in  what  respect  can  the  Hislury  of 
/he  Dn-i!  be  pronounced  superior  to  Robinson 
Crusoe  f 

The  point  may  scarcely  be  worth  raising;  but 
leally  tbcre  are  so  many  newfangled  ideas  abroad 
just  now,  and  they  are  for  the  most  part  so  eagerly 
caught  at,  that  it  appears  to  me  desirable  at  times 
to  stand  up  and  do  Dattla  on  behalf  of  good  old 
Botiona  and  institutions.  J,  W.  W. 

Sir  WiLLiiu  Hober,  Km.  a'"  S.  It.  167, 
342.)— The  cbarteta  connected  witn  tho  Marywell 

Sroperty,  the  caets  from  the  seals  of  which  Ma. 
.  0.  Roger  furnished  to  Mb.  Laino,  were  pro- 
bably transferred,  with  other  title-deeds,  to  Air. 
Wees,  conformably  to  UMge,  on  the  Bale  of  the 
estate  by  the  last  Roger  proprietor.  A  reference 
to  Mr.  Meek  would  easily  ascertain  the  fact  of 
tbeir  existence. 

Desiring  to  make  the  inquiry,  I  turned  to  the 
last  Counti/  Bireetory  of  ScotUmd,  edited  by  Mr. 
Haliburton  of  the  General  Post-office,  Edinburgh, 
which  contains  the  address  of  every  place  to 
which  the  post  has  access  in  Scotland,  out  the 
name  of  Meek  does  not  appear  in  it,  and  the  only 
Marywell  is  the  village  of  that  name  near  Ar- 
broath. 

As  tho  inquiry  is  not  without  some  historic&l 
interest,  perhaps  Mb.  Roger  will  be  good  enough 
to  let  na  know  where  Mr.  Meek  or  bis  representa- 
tives are  to  be  found,  and  also  in  what  part  of 
Scotland  the  manor  of  Marywell  is  situated. 

Anolo-Scotps,  in  alluding  to  BamsJ^,  another 
favourite  of  James  III.,  whose  title  of  Earl  Both- 
well  and  Castle  of  Crichton  waa  conferred  on 
Patrick  Hepburn  Lord  Hales,  refers  to  him  as  the 
auctalor  of  the  Ramsavs  of  Balmain.  But  Run- 
say,  Ibe  favourite,  sunli  into  oblivion  at  an  early- 
date,  having,  according  to  Sir  Walter  Scott^  re- 


turned to  Scotland  after  his  deprivation  and 
banishment,  in  the  character  of  an  EoKlish  spy, 
and  died  in  obscurity  circa  1513.  W.  E. 

SsiB  tHE  Boob  (4*^  3.  iv.  336.) — Dean  Ramsay 
is  in  error  in  deecribing  taib  and  $neck  ea  synonym- 
ous, differing  only  in  the  one  being  the  patoui  (A 
the  other.  Both  terms  are  in  common  use  on 
tho  Borders,  and  haye  well-defined,  distinct 
meanings. 

In  Sihbald'a  Glossary  {Chronicia  of  ScottiA 
PoHrp,  iv.  1802),  an  excellent  philological  com- 
pendium, we  find — 

"Sntdi,  tvUt,  a  lock  or  rathu  aome  rode  faslsiing  of 

And  — 

"Sni/b,  Bob,  to  cut  off,  to  cbBck.  I  ibalt  Btih  you  frota 
tJiat,  i.  e.  cat  off  the  meana  hj  which  )-on  might  be  ablSi 
&C. ;  from  Teut.  ttnppen,  prKiddere,  pimecare." 

In  ordinary  parlance,  the  intck  of  the  door,  if 
the  usual  fastening  found  in  cotta^ea,  of  an  iron- 
bar  ,or  tongue,  mofing  rerticaUy  m  a  loop  inuda 
the  door,  vrtiich  falls  mto  a  not^  inserted  in  tho 
lintel,  and  opens  from  without  by  presong  on  « 
latch. 

The  mib  is  a  small  niece  of  wood,  by  inserting 
which  into  the  loop  the  meek  becomes  fast  anl 
cannot  be  raised  from  the  out^de ;  and  in  lal« 
and  more  civilised  times  the  term  has  been  ap- 
plied to  the  bolt  now  attached  to  all  door-locks. 

To  aneck  the  door,  therefore,  is  amply  to  clos* 
the  door,  leaving  it  free  to  any  one  to  enter :  but 
to  mib  the  door  is  to  fasten  it  securely,  and  bu 
tho  entrance  of  all  intruders.  W.  £. 

Pkppebhill  (i*  S.  iv.  300.)— Kr  John  Talbo^ 
Ent.  of  Orafton,  resided  at  Fepperhill  parish, 
Albrighton,  160S-1009;  interred  at  Albngbtoa 
30  Jan.  1610.  His  grandmother  was  Margaret 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Adam  Trontbeck.  Sha 
took  0)0  manor  of  Albrighton  into  the  Talbot 
family.  John  Troutbeck  died  possessed  of  i^ 
37  Hen.  VL  Hubbbt  Smith. 

Pom  OS  TKB  "Wte  (4*  S.  iv.  411.)— The  fol- 
lowingm»  probably  be  the  poem  inquired  after- 
byQ7R.D,  !— 

"The  Banks  oT  Wyaj  a  Poem  in  Foot  Books.  By 
Bobert  BJoomfldd,  Aatbor  of  The  Farmi^i  Bay,  Sok 
Seanid  ed.  Mmcted."    Bm.  Sva,  Loodoa,  1S13,  pp.  13B. 

A  sonnet  "Written  duing  an  Excursion  on 
the  Bivei  Wye,  by  MoonlighV'  will  be  found  in 

"  Tho  Eionndon  dawn  the  Wye  fVom  Rosa  to  Moo* 
month,  ^  By  Cbules  Heath,  Printer."  Svo,  Uon- 
moolh,  1799. 

Here  is  also  reprinted  a  "  Pastoral  BsUad  "  by 
Miss  Seward,  from  a  collection  of  the  poems  at 
that  lady,  called  LlangoBm  Vale,  pubbshed  i* 
1796.  WnjLiAU  HiXtM. 


546 


>;OTES  AND  QUEKIES. 


[4*SLir.  DKLlf^W. 


PnitPirRETT  MiLBOrRXE  (4*  S.  iv.  410.)—  I 
"Milbrtume,  Pontsfract.— A.  Tr.  I.L.B.  1083." 
Canfiib.  Graduati,  1787,  p.  205.  W.  C.  B. 

^GPniRTornELEa  os  tbe  Shoe  (4"'  3.  iv.  I 
254.) — (tf  the  notorious  General  John  Tuerclnec, 
Count  Tilli,  who  is  snid  tn  have  begun  by  being 
a  Ji'aiiit,  ADd  whose  memory  is  damncii  to  ever- 
losttnj;  fame  and  shame  for  Iiia  wanton  dereliction 
of  nil  honourable  feeling-  nnd  every  principle  of 
humnnity  in  the  atrocioui  three  dnya'  eack  of  i 
Mapli'burg  in  1631, 1  have  several  portraits,  ono  I 
of  whicli,  eBgraved  by  Cbovillet  after  Eilion,  i 
with  his  liair  stunding  on  end,  his  glassy  eyes,  I 
tumpd-u|i  eyebr()w8  and  moustachio,  stronfrly  re-  ' 
inind»  one.  ns  D.  Blaib  said,  of  Rvtzsch's  )'pirited  | 
outline  of  Mephistonheles  in  Ooethc's  Faiik,  and 
like  him  I  think  the  German  artist  may  very 
aptly  have  choeen  the  hero  of  Uagdebui^  for  a 
proper  type  of  the  carnal  fiend.  It  is  to  Tilli 
the  library  of  the  Vatican  ia  indubted  for  many 
of  its  most  valuable  MSS.  and  hookii,  ^'liich  he 
robbed  the  Palatinate  library  at  Heidelberg  of, 
and  presented  to  Pope  Gregory  XV.       P.  A.  L. 

Dinner  CcaTOSi  (4*  8.  iv.  40fl.)— I  am  not 
able  to  say  when  the  custom  of  goicp-  in  to  dinner 
arm-in-arm  began  in  England,  but  I  know  a 
house  in  Scotland  (the  owner  of  which  is,  per- 
haps, a  little  "old-fashioned"'  in  more  waja  than 
one)  where  the  lady  of  the  bouse— or,  in  her 
absence,  the  nenreat  female  relative  present  — 
lends  tbe  way  to  the  dining-room,  followed  by  the 
other  ladies  in  single  file,  the  gentlemen  bringing 
up  the  tear.  A.  SI.  8. 

It  was  in  my  mother's  "  come  out "  days — aay 
about  1790 — tliat  she  first  met  with  "  accept  my 
arm,"  which  shocked  her  sense  of  propriety  much. 
It  was  on  board  of  a  man-of-war  in  Leitli  lioada, 
and  she  spoke  with  indignation  of  the  officer's 
impudence.  It  was  a  custom  in  humble  life  in 
Scotland  for  man  and  wife,  the  fii-st  8unday  of 
wedlock,  to  enter  church  and  walk  to  their  seat 
arm  in  arm  (but  at  no  other  time).  Our  deaf 
Borvant  Girzy  got  leave  to  go  home  to  laver- 
keitliing  one  Simday  to  see  this  act,  and  came 
back  "quite  glum,"  saying,  "they  never  oiler'd." 
U.B.R. 

Dunfermline. 

Hrnbt  II. '8  Fits  of  Baqb  (4"-  3.  iv.  110.)— 
Almost  the  tptitiitna  verba  of  the  quotation  whose 
source  is  sought  for  by  IIziuiBNTauDE  occur  in 
Liogard,  Hui.  of  Ent/kiid,  ii.  107.  The  eiprea- 
sion   is  slightly  varied ;    so   the   panegyric   may 

essibly  1)G  meant  for  some  one  else.  Dean 
ilman  and  Dean  Hook  have  both  treated  of 
the  period  and  events  referred  to.  See  also 
Giraldiis  Cambrensis,  De  Rebu*  a  ne  Gesiii, 
lib.  i.  cap.  LI.  i  and  especially  Jlr.  Brewer's  in- 
troduction. R,  U,  S. 


IlEnALDtc  (4'*  S.  iv.  451.)— It  CBowixnnr  will 
turn  to  vol.  i.  of  Hobson's  BriliA  Shmli,  he  will 
find  that  "  Chequy  or  and  anire,  on  Kfemt  g*li^ 
three  cinqiiefuiU  argent,"  is  borne  dt  Cllflbi^ 
CO,  Hereford  ;  and  he  will  see  that  "  tTliaquj  or 
nnd  azure,  a  bfnd  gdles,"  was  boma  bj  ttaoQtm 
brunch  of  this  family.  They  appear  to  hftvo  Ot 
ferenced  their  coat  in  this  manner  talerablj&nalj, 
nnd  though  1  have  been  unable  to  find  ths  eimet 
bearing  bo  quotes,  I  hopel  havefonnd  himadM. 
FftAXK  RxDB  Fown 

74,  Wnrwick  Gnrdcna,  KmulngUa,  W. 

Tqe  Umiox  Jack  IIoisted  at  Hai:p-«uiv  &r 
Nkwfouxduiti.  IX  1867  (,4*  S.  ir.  448.)— IT 
my  memory  serves  me,  this  inddent,  ir~' — -^ 
by  Sir.  Peiecrval,  occurred  during  the  adi 
tion  of  Governor  Darling.  The  poddon  of  tha 
"  Union  "  was  down,  and  at  balf-at>ff  upon  Ai 

I  Legislative  Building.     The  morer  and  "HlWHiiff 

I  of  (his  Act  have  since  attainsd  hi^  jadieial  flk- 
pointmcnts  in  the  island ;  the  latter  ostalDed  mt 
highest  iMutiou  in  the  law.    £arl  Ghurilla  1 

j  even  advised  Her  Maj 

'  dignity  ol 

tt  the  .Newfoundland  indisnatioi 

has  been  the  first  instanee  on  neord  hi  Bihtt 


vised  Her  Majeaty  to  mnfer  upon  him  tl* 
^  of  knighthood.  I  believe  thia  ezhiUthH 
n  1867,  at  the  Newfoundland  indignatiOB  ^Mk 
ing,  of  flving  the  Jack  down  and  at  hittf-n 


history  of  a  Union  being  placed  in  anch  a 
in  one  of  its  island  dependenries. 
J'kbcf.val  win  pardon  my  correction  aa'to 
eiact  position  of  the  flag,       Jobv  " 


Spills  (4">  3.  Iv,  454.)— Miia  Bakei  m 
( yorthatnptonihire  OloiMory,  ii.  272^  that  fM^ 
tprll,  and  Apili,  are  all  "  dialectical  iiiialliaia  te 
a  long,  thin  slip  of  wood,  or  ndlad-Bp  ilbt  rf 
paper,"  and  quotas  the  Anglo-Suon  ^^i^  • 
torch,  spill  to  light  a  candle, '  ko.  'Hawaii  i> 
ly  used  about  bere  wilkiat  a* 
th  a  candle.  ThebeminMbeeltaft 
of  aspeloin  their  finger,  of  a  ■pUBtcroaioftlM 
form,  W.  D.  SwsRna. 

rutarborouBb. 

tymological    derivation    i  __     

choaderf  It  seems  to  hsTe  been,  or  to  b«M» 
sidcred  as  having  been,  a  favourite  disk  irift 
the  Americana  ever  since  their  Nttl«iBatt£«Z 
am  speaking  of  the  New  EnglandeiB.  Hawnon* 
opening  chapter  (|'Tba  OH 

ig  one 
wore  prepared  for  the  great  flsctiTat  1 
be  given  by  Colonel  Pri^cheon  aftv  the  pwfr 
house  had  been  built ; — "  A  ood-flah  of  au^ 
pounds,  caught  in  tbe  bar,  had  been  dla(4«af  a 
the  rich  liquid  of  a  chowder."    Thi 


A*h  s.  IV.  Dec.  18,  *69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIEB. 


547 


GiULio  Clovio  (P^  S.  iv.  487).— Your  cor- 
respondent may  be  glad  to  be  referred  to  the  fol- 
lowing sources  of  information^  in  addition  to 
those  which  you  point  out : — 

"  Giuli  Sonde,  De  Julii  Clovii  clari  admodam  Hctoris 
Operibus.    Londini,  1733."    Folio 

",Ca valieri.  Biblioteca  compendiosa  degli  uomini  illnstri 
della  Congr.  Canon.  Reg.  del  SS.  Salvatore  Lateranesi 
ncUe  Scienzo  e  Belle  Arti.  Vol.  I.  (all  published).  Vel- 
letri,  1836."     8vo. 

Some  interesting  notices  of  Giulio  Clovio  ap- 
peared in  a  recent  part  of 

"Atti  e  Memorie  della  R.  Deputazione  Patria  per  le 
Provincie  Modencsi  e  Parmensi.    Modenay    4to. 

MoLiNi  &  Greisn. 

Llandudno  (4"»  S.  iv.  434.)— As  a  Cymru,  I 
must  dissent  from  J.  C.  Roger  in  his  assertion 
that  "Llandudno  is  unmistakablv  one  of  those 
names  imposed  by  the  Northmen.  If  he  inquires 
a  little  closer  into  the  matter,  he  may  find  that 
there  was  an  oratory  dedicated  to  St.  Tudno, 
"Llan  Tudno"  (d  and  t  are  interchangeable), 
"  the  Church  of  St.  Tudno."  Also  on  Shan  Dinas, 
just  over  the  town,  he  would  find  within  the 
well-defined  traces  of  an  ancient  British  fort — 
there  are  several  on  the  hills  all  about — a  rocking- 
stone,  called  by  the  peasantry  '*Cryd  Tudno/* 
Tudno's  Cradle.  I  have  no  doubt,  or  rather  there 
is  perfect  certainty,  that  the  Norsemen  ravaged 
all  the  coasts  of  Wales,  but  it  is  not  necessair  to 
construct  a  name  for  Llandudno  from  their  lan- 
guage. The  Raven  Banner  of  the  Norsemen  was 
called  "  Landedia,"  "  Land  Destroyer."  Perhaps 
Mb.  Roger  was  thinking  of  this. 

N.B.  On  visiting  Llandudno  about  a  year  ago, 
after  ten  years'  absence,  I  was  diaguated  to  find 
that  the  rocking-stone,  which  I  often  moved  with 
one  finger,  had  been  thrown  off  its  balance,  of 
course  by  some  of  the  fast  young  ''  gents,"  many 
of  whom  I  saw  exhibiting  their  graces  on  the 
Esplanade.  It  is  no  credit  to  the  ''Llandudno 
Improvement  Company  "  that  such  a  wanton  piece 
of  mischief  should  have  occurred,  or,  having  oc- 
curred, that  means  were  not  taken  to  replace  the 
stone,  as  in  the  case  of  the  fiunoua  Comisn  Logan. 

Cywbx. 

Porth  yr  Aur,  Carnarvon. 

In  my  former  communications  under  this  head- 
ing, I  explain  the  terminal  letter  o  in  thia  name 
as  a  corrupt  form  of  the  Icelandic  4= water.  The 
author  of  an  account  of  the  Isle  of  Man  derivea 
the  name  Ramsey,  which  he  says  ''was  andently 
written  Uamso^'^  from  the  Norsk  Ram^t-vUe  (Ram^ 
Bay).  It  is  not  impossible  that  the  final  o  in 
the  name  Llandudno  may  be  from  the  same 
source.  Llandudno  being  a  bay,  this  latter  is 
perhaps  the  more  probable  solution. 

J.  C.  BoexB. 

Appbenticbs  Whippbd  (4"'  S.  iv.  196.) — I 
have  not  met  with  any  account  of  Tiondoii  m^ 


prentices,  except  Mrs.  Biownrigge's  trial;  but 
Hatton,  in  his  Midwy  of  Deri^^  p.  102,  thus 
describes  how  apprentices  were  nogged  for  ''in- 
advertencies  ''  at  Derby.  SpeaMng  of  his  own 
apprentice  days,  he  writes :  — 

*<  Hoisted  upon  the  back  of  Bryan  Barkar,  a  giaoft 
approaching  sevdn  feet,  was  like  bemg  hoisted  to  the  top 
of  a  precipice,  when  ^e  wicked  inttrument  of  atBiction 
was  wielded  witii  pleasure ;  but,  alas,  it  was  only  a  plea- 
sure to  one  tide.** 

In  some  play,  I  think  ti  Ben  Jonson's,  there  axe 
two  apprentices  represented,  evidently  the  proto- 
types of  Hogarth's  contrasted  pair.  In  the  play 
(I  really  cannot  reeall  its  name)  the  indostnoiuK 
says  to  the  idle,  ''Well  have  thee  whipped"^ 
and  the*idle  mockingly  answers,  ''  Untnua  me  I ' 

I  suppose  that  word,  out  of  date  now,  plainly 
implies  that  the  apprentLee,  if  whipped,  would 
receive  his  flogging  on  that  part  of  his  perscn 
which  it  WM  easief  to  name  then  than  now* 
Modem  delicacy  has,  I  think,  done  harm  in  throw- 
ing discredit  on  that  wholesome,  safe,  and  efieo- 
tive  punishment,  which  xaqnires  ''  ontrussing  "  as 
a  preliminary.  B.  E. 

HsNBT  Thomas  BuoKia  (4*»»  S.  iv.  412.)--A 
photographic  earte-de-^risite  portrait  of  tMs  writer 
IS  in  existence,  manifestly  from  life,  but  showiiw 
its  fuU  proportion  of  retouchings.  I  used  not 
long  ago  to  see  a  copy  of  the  photog^raph  in  the 
window  of  Mr.  Spooner,  at  tile  eomer  of  Bonth- 
ampton  Street  ana  tiie  StmadL 

W.  M.BOHtSRX. 

66^  Eoston  Square. 

A  correspondent  of  ^  N.  &Q."  OjKiiiiig  himself 
Lavazesxav/'  Nov.  18,  asks  for  xenrenoe  to  bio- 
graphical notiees  of  Ebenry  Thomas  Buckle,  and 
also  for  any  accessible  portrait  of  lum.  A  paper 
appeared  in  the  Aikmi%c  MwMy  not  long  after 
Buckle's  death^  containing  reminiscences  ot  inter- 
conrse  with  faim  while  he  was  in  the  £ast.  I 
cannot  give  the  volmne  aad  pa^  at  this  moment^ 
as  any  set  of  this  magazine  m  at  present  not 
accessible.  I  have  a  portrait  of  Buckle,  and  nught 
be  able  to  procure  another  for  LAVATKRiAJf ^  if  he 
wiU  oommuaicate  his  Address. 

ALxxAinmB  Ibblaxsu 

NsoLoemx:  Bobx  (4.^  8.  iv.  406.)— In  ihe 
OmUlemm's  MtuKosiMf  Feb.  1786,  p.  186^  am 
some  lines  <m  "  The  Buiii  of  Twaddle/'  to  which 
is  appended  this  note : — 

'<ltif«liMMitsaperflooiis  to  aqrtbat  tUs  is  now  the 
fashioaable word  to  tssfonrnwhat  was foroNrly  eaUed  a 
Bore.** 

W.O.B. 

DirxB  ov  MsDnri.  BaoviA  asp  xhb  Spaihk 
Abmabjl  (4*^  &  iv.  09.>>In  the  eariiflr  toIb.  oI 
the  1«  8.  of  "^  N.  &  Q.'^I  mentioned  the  &ct  thai 
acnne  of  the  fhipa  of  the  Armada  were  wiMkad 
on  tin  ooadkof  COav^  Irelaikifiiear  IGUawm  Ma^ 


548 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


i^B.lY.Dmo.lB^'m. 


bay^  where  a  reef  of  rocks  running  out  into  the 
sea  is  called  ''  Spanish  Point ''  in  memory  thereof. 
I  often  heard  that  old  carred  coffers  of  strange 
woods  were  occasionally  to  be  found  in  the  farm- 
houses derived  from  the  same  source ;  and  I  lately 
heard  that  a  gentleman  who  has  a  summer  residence 
at  Miltown  has  got  some  old  brass  girns  that 
were  fished  up  and  are  belieyed  to  hayo  belonged 
to  the  lost  ships.  This,  however,  I  cannot  abso- 
lutely vouch  for.  The  wreck  of  the  Duke's  ship  on 
one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  and  his  enforced  resi- 
dence for  a  winter  there,  I  have  often  read  of 
and  heard.  It  seems  to  be  a  positive  fact.  I 
remember  it  having  been  stated  that  he  spent  the 
vnnter  in  the  house  of  the  clergyman  of  the  island. 

CrwRM. 
Forth  y  Aur,  Carnarvon. 

Old  Ballad  :  "  Digbt's  Lament  "  (4"»  S.  iii. 
83.) — An  old  farm-servant  amused  us  youngsters 
with  a  doleful  ditty,  in  which,  among  other  gib- 
berish, was  this : — 

**  1*11  court  the  proud  dolphins  that  gathers  so  strong ; 
In  a  shaidricashiishol  we'll  wheel  him  along.'* 

In    one    of   your    recent   numbers  I  noticed 

"  Digby's  Lament,"  and  I  saw  at  a  glance  that 

the  English  of  the  unknown  tongue  was  simply 

this:  — 

"When  we]  croke,  the  kind  dolphins  around  us  shall 
throng, 
And  a  chariot  of  sea-flhells  shall  bear  us  along." 

In  many  an  old  song  the  burden  is  gibberish ; 
but  it  is  ijrobably  language,  English  or  foreign, 
transmogrified,  W. 

[A  late  friend  of  ours,  not  less  in  his  profession  as  a 
medical  man  than  distinguished  for  his  taste  in  art  and 
love  of  music,  was  some  thirty  years  since  anxious  to 
recover  an  old  ballad  which  he  heard  as  a  boy  in  Dur- 
ham, and  which  he  used  to  hum  to  a  beautiful  and  plain- 
tive air  in  the  minor  key.  The  only  words  he  could 
recollect  were — 

"  I'll  go  down  to  the  deep  where  the  fishes  do  dwell, 
And  ask  for  my  true  love  whom  I  loved  so  well. 

•  *•.«.. 

The  tritons  and  mermaids  will  sing  him  a  song. 
In  a  chariot  of  coral  as  they  bear  him  along.'* 
It  would  seem  that  the  ballad  was  a  vcrv  popular  one, 
and  retained  its  popularity  ;to  the  close  of  the  last  cen- 
tury.] 

Serfs  or  Cerps  (4»»'  S.  iv.  254,  302.)— The 
following  paragraph  is  cut  out  of  a  Melbourne 
paper  of  this  summer  (about  June).  I  hesitated 
to  send  it  at  the  time  I  received  the  paper,  but 
lately  turning  over  the  pages  of  some  bact  num- 
bers of  "N.  &  Q."  I  observed  the  notice  of 
Carlyle's  French  Revolution-,  and  now  send  the 
extract  to  show  how  the  slip  (?)  of  a  writer  of 
eminence  extends,  as  no  doubt  Mr.  C.  E.  Jones  took 
his  materials  from  the  above-named  work :  — 

**  A  correspondent  of  the  Bendigo  Advertiier  calls  at- 
tention to  what  he  alleges  was  a  very  curious  statement, 
made  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Jones  at  his  recent  lecture  on  the 


French  Revolution.  Mr.  Jones  gifve  an  tnatim^  of  tihe 
cruel  tyranny  exercised  by  the  nobiM  of  tbe  time  of 
Louis  XV,,  by  stating  that  they  were  eviu  pennittod  to 
*  kill  serfs '  on  their  estate,  either  fbr  tlisir  amnaeiiifliit 
or  convenience.  The  correspondent  states  that.  acc(»diiic 
to  the  existing  law,  the  nobles  were  certainly  permitted 
to  kill  a  cerf  (or  a  stag,  as  it  woold  be  interiuneted  in 
England^ ;  but  that  two-footed  Merfa  were  priTil^ged 
from  such  a  sacrifice." 


Velocipede  (^"^  S.  iv.  434.)-- 1  thmk  flut 
''lorry''  is  a  northern  provinaaliam.  I  littTft 
never  heard  it  used  in  the  Bouth,  but  in  tcywiu  on 
the  west  coast  of  Scotland  I  have  ulirayB  heazd 
a  dray  that  is  used  to  cany  rag^boothetdi 
between  the  ships  and  the  xefinezieB  eallad  a 
''  lorry."  R  AiriHoirT-JoHiraiov. 

George  VmcENT  (4»^  S.  iv.  384.)  —  I  hATB  • 
small  painting  (24  X  18)  by  this  esteemed  ards^ 
which  I  much  prize.  The  subject  is  "PBrensej 
Bay  and  Beechy  Head^  from  Fairlight  near  Hiut- 
ings."  It  has  the  artist's  neat  monogxim^and  is 
remarkable  as  having  the  same  dood  (obsoanaff 
the  sun)  which  characterises  his  lan»r  nainting  S 
Greenwich^  in  the  International  £z£ibifioii  of 
1862.  I  much  regret  that  although  I  laanud 
some  particulars  respecting  this  arast  fiam  tlie 
late  .Joseph  Murray  Ince  (a  fayonrite  pupl  of 
David  Cox),  they  have  escaped  my  memoiy;  A 
critic  of  the  day  (The  Times,  1  beueve)  obaarrad 
that  to  make  the  public  more  famiUar  with  the 
works  of  Vincent  and  Crome  was  anffioiflnt  to 
entiUe  the  Exhibition  of  1862  to  lasting  difltiiift- 
tion  in  the  annals  of  art.  J«  a  Datibl 

Longton  Hall,  Stoke-npon-TrenL 

George  Vincent  was  bom  at  the  latter  end  of  Ilia 
last  century.  He  was  educated  at  the  Norwich 
Grammar  School,  the  Bev.  Edward  Valpy  heiag 
head-master,  and  studied  painting  nnoer  ''Oia 
Crome."  I  hoped  to  have  obtained  better  iiH 
formation,  but  the  friend  in  Norwich  to  whom  I 
sent  the  No.  of  "  N.  &  Q."  is  ill.  IL  O. 

[There  is  a  short  notice  of  George  Yinosnt  in  Ottlev^ 
Supplement  to  Bryan's  Dictionary  of  PauttmrSt  from  wUflii 
we  Icam  that  the  artist  died  about  1880  or  1881w^Ei>.} 

BACCALAT7BET7S  (4^^  S.  iv.  334^  466.)— I  ndiher 
'^ cherish  "  nor  have  expressed  anjMk^  "fond" 
or  otherwise,  'Hhat  baccalaureus  meaaa  Luuel 
berry."  My  words  were,  in  the  fullest  aenae. 
hypothetical,  and  Mr.  Oaixst  ''should  know" 
that  belief  and  hypothec  are  two  things.  The 
hypothesis,  even,  was  not  my  own,  but  hoirowed 
from  old  Bailey.  He  says,  sub  voce,  "  tA  Laurel- 
berry.  A  bachelor  in  the  UniversitT."  Whaterec 
it  may  mean,  it  does  not  mean  laurel  henimt, 
unless  laureus  and  laureatus  can  be  proved  to  be 
synonyms.  I  was  not  unaware  of  the  fiilae 
concord,  but  knowing  well  the  QaEfbrd  Statute 
Book,  felt  no  difficulty  as  to  that  I  pat  the 
question  simply  for  information.    The  object  haa 


9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUERIEa 


been  gained,  and  I  am  content  As  fia  as  I  can 
see,  the  repl;  ia  quite  to  the  point,  and  entiielj 
satisfactory. 

As  to  the  neat  quotation  from  Dr.  Johnson,  it 
is  applicable  neither  to  mj  age  nor  qualitj.  I 
trust  it  may  he  more  so  to  those  of  your  contri- 
butor. Few  "good  hopes  "hBTO  fallen  to  my 
lot,  and  now,  on  the  eve  of  my  eleventh  lustre, 
fewer  are  to  he  looked  for  bv  me. 

EDjnTHD  Tbw,  M,A, 

ratching  Bector/, 

P.S.  I  obaerre  that  Mr.  Oakley  is  a  new 
contributor  to  "  N.  &  Q."  As  an  "  old  hand,"  I 
may  he  permitted  to  remind  him  that  though, 
now  and  then,  the  correspondents  of  this  admir- 
able periodical  are  betrayed  into  a  little  sharp 
writing,  they  but  rarely  descend  to  a  style  that 
may  justly  he  called  flippant  or  discourteous. 
From  this  gentleman's  opening  sentence — B  (Hu>* 
tatioD— one  might  almost  suspect  that  he  looks 
upon  himself  as  "a  Daniel  come  to  judgment" 
If  so,  I  would  say  to  him, "  Cave  canem,"  or  again. 
"  Touch  not  the  nettle,  lest  it  should  bum  ye." 
For  let  any  one  of  us  rest  assured  that  there  is 
many  on  one  who  has  access  as  a  writer  to  these 
pa^es  who  is  fully  prepared  to  vindicate  the  old 
adage  "  Nemo  me  impune  lacessib"  £.  T. 

YOKKSHIEE  BiLLAB;    "NOTBBOWITB  MaIHE" 

(4'"  S,  iv.  323,  488.) — I  poaaess  a  small  volume 
entitled  — 

"  Proluaions  ;  OT,  Select  Piscu  of  Anticnt  Poeti7,  tam- 
pil'd  with  great  con  ftom  their  Hnral  Origliiils,  and 
olTer'd  to  the  Publick  as  Spedmeaa  of  the  lategriC}'  that 
AouLd  be  foond  in  the  Editions  of  Worthy  Aathon,  in 
Three  Parts,  containiog:  I.The  NotbrownB  H«de,  M«»- 
ter  Saekvik'9  IndactioD,  Overbury's  Wife.*    IL  Edward 


Is  this  play  of  Edward  III.  still  attributed  to 
Shakespeare  P  P.  A.  L. 

ItiUDOM  (4""  S.  iv,  435.)— If  this  word  is  de- 
rived from  the  Dutch  and  Flemish  rondom,  round 
about,  as  H.  W.  H.  thinks,  it  must  have  con- 
siderably altered  its  meaning  unce  being  intro- 
duced into  England,  for  HalUwell  says  in  the 
North  it  means ''a  straight  line,"  which  I  conwder 
quite  vice  versd  to  "  round  about." 

B.  AKTEOHT-JOHireiOII. 

t'lifton. 

Stephen  Duck  (4*  S.  iv.  347.)— The  following 
e\lracta  from  the  registers  of  Charlton,  neat- 
I'ewsey,  Wilta,  may  be  acceptable  additions  to 


-  AV'ilh  Sir  Thomaa  Overbary's  F*  Wifi  I  hare  a 
voodciit  or  Anne  Tdftibt,  the  iafimona  widov  of  a  pbrri- 
cian,  who  procnred  poiaon  for  the  purpose  of  decpatcUnc 
him  in  tbs  Tower,  for  which  ahe  wu  exacnted  at  Tyboin, 
Nov.  15,  1615.  It  is  an  necarate  copy  tnm  a  nolqiu 
print  in  the  littrary  of  the  Society  of  ADtiqurlea. 


the    notices  whiob    have    alrettdr   appeared  J 


•■Steplien  Onok  snd  Ann  biswlft  married  21<  Jon^ 
1734. 
Eraey  Duck  baptlisd  17SS. 
W-  buck  baptlitd  1736. 
Ami  Dock  baptlMd  1739. 
Ann  Duck  bimed  17S0." 

In  1733  we  find  (I  believe  in  Omt'i  Mag.) 
"tit.  Stephen  Duck,  the  famous  thresher  wtd 
poet,"  made  one  of  the  Yeomen  of  the  Guard. 

A«dn:  "1733,  married  in  July,  Mr.  Stephen 
Duck,  the  bmona  thrasher  ^oet,  to  Hra.  Saiali 
Big,  honaekeepei  to  her  Uqeatj  at  Sew  Qreen, 
who  gave  her  a  purse  of  gnineu  and  a  fine  (town ' 

gio  doubt  this  was  his  aecond  wife) ;  ana  A 
uc'    "     ■  '    '™     '■      '™"  "'   "    ■     "    ' 

then 

is  yet  found  in  this  locality. 

As  renids  tbe  Thrwher's  Foist,  it  i*  itiU 
celehntted  1^  an  f"""»^  dinner  at  the  viUaoe  innu 
The  rent  of  the  land  giren  b;  ^acoiut  Palmar- 
aton  for  this  use,  and  ntuated  in  the  Mljramng 
pariah  of  BnihaU.  if  now  21.  St.  9dl  per  aonDin. 
The  whole  population  of  adult  male*  are  per- 
mitted to  partake  of  the  dinner,  and  the  Amd 
recaivet  Mine  addition  from  the  donation*  of  the 
parishionen  tmplo^n^  labovr.  The  faaditioo  ia 
that  Duckdrownea  hunaelf  In  the  Thames  neat 
Beading.  Tour  correeptmdent  may  have  bettu 
anthorinr  for  stating  that  it  happened  at  Byfleet, 
1706.  Hemuat  then  have  been  aged  about  flfty- 
sis,  allowing  him  to  have  been  twenty-four  at  us 
first  matiiage.  I  have  not  aacertaioed  the  date  of 
his  oidination,  nor  of  hia  institution  to  Byfleet 
E.W. 

EoumanoAL  on  OBCuimnoAL  F  (4**  B.  Ir. 
460.)  — By  all  meant  the  former.  The  Greek 
diphthong  w  ie  tepteaented  in  modem  Enyliah,  in 
words  coming  more  or  less  directly  from  the 
Greek,  by  o>  m  BoaotMi,  Okfyut,  FkoOmt,  Pkoe- 
luaa,  £c. ;  by  >  io  omMSt,  «etmomjf,  oAmix  (w 
lAotmx),  etlttlial  (throogb  walwn),  MtMf  (OaaaA 
'  °  '  -  ■-  jj^g^M^  ptMt  (tiiroivh  podS), 
ion  waa  to  tue  m  (mmmomw, 
X),  out «  fans  mpplantM  it  except 
in  proper  notms;  it  beii»  donbuese  Eelt  that,  aa 
oe  and  •  were  prononnoea  alike,  it  was  better  to 
use  the  ^mplm  a.  A  diphOtoi^  ought  to  lepre- 
■ent  a  aound  between  the  totmtli  of  two  vowefs  at 
which  it  is  eompoeed.  The  German  as,  e«,  tM 
are  true  diphthraiga,  repreaentuig  neitiier  the 
sound  of  a,  0^  w  on  tlie  one  hand,  noi  <rf  «  on  the 
other.  Wuo  then  ia  no  diphtlmigBl  aoond 
nothing  bnt  eonfiulon  ii  "Skdj  to  remit  from  piie- 
:_.;  fiiQ  .ai_vn.__t  ^__       T_   lh__k  il.. 


"hit^ 


tendency  im  been  th«  a 


650 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4^  &  lY.  Dkc.  18;  VR. 


the  Greek  ot  is  represented  in  almost  all  words  by 
S  {phSnix,  FhSnicterUf  &c.) 

Then  as  to  the  practice  of  writing  a  for  a^,  and 
oe  for  oc'f  it  has  led  to  much  confusion,  and  the 
sooner  we  all  give  it  up  the  better.  These  signs 
are  undistinguishable  in  MS.  and  are  a  source  of 
bother  to  the  learner.  The  best  English  editors 
of  Latin  books,  following  the  example  of  the  best 
German  editors,  now  print  coelum,  Caesar,  muaaef 
&c.  Benjamin  Dawson,  B.A. 

"  Not  PxrL,  but  Jesus  "  (4'*"  S.  iv.  451.)  — 
My  friend  Richard  Doane,  barrister-at-law,  who 
died  about  twenty-five  years  ago,  was,  when  a 
youth,  an  inmate  of  Bentham's  house.  lie  de- 
scribed to  me  the  way  in  which  the  scraps  of 
Not  Paul,    but  Jesus,   were    put   together    and 

Easted  on  cartridge  paper  for  the  printer.  In  this 
e  assisted;  but  from  what  he  said,  I  have  no 
doubt  that  the  composition  was  entirely  Ben- 
tham's.  An  Inneb  Templar. 

Cornish  and  Welsh  (4"»  S.  iv.  467.) — Surely 

your  correspondent.  The  Colt,  labours  under  a 

mistake  when  he  writes  as  follows :  — 

*•  That  dd  is  a  perfect  crux  to  Englishmen.  They 
generally  give  the  dd  the  th  sound ;  and  it  is  really  hope- 
lees  to  -write  a  pronunciation  of  it — it  must  be  heard.  I 
can  only  say  it  is  not  th. 

If  they  give  it  the  same  sound  as  they  give 
thus,  this,  thatf  these,  themselves,  they  can  pro- 
nounce as  easily  as  Welshmen  any  syllable  with 
dd,  as  ddu,  ddaer,  ttewydd,  EisteddfOd  (not  JEisteth" 
fat),  I  see  nothing  hopeless  in  it ;  without  further 
remark  — 

Equo  nb  credite,  Teucri. 

ToMMASi :  "  Life  op  CiESAR  Borgia  "  (4'*»  S.  iv. 
410.) — A  Tommaso  Tommasi  really  existed  in  the 
first  half  of  the  seventeenth  century.  According 
to  a  reference  given  by  Melzi,  your  correspondent 
will  find  some  information  about  him  or  his  family 
in  vols.  xiv.  and  xviii.  of  Colucci,  Antichttd  Picene. 
The  Vita  del  Duca  Valentino  is  not  included  by 
Gregorio  Leti  in  his  own  list  of  his  anonymous 
or  pseudonymous  publications,  but  has  been 
ascribed  to  liim  on  the  authority  of  the  Farsetti 
Catalogue,  in  the  compilation  of  which  the  well- 
known  bibliographer  Morelli  was  concerned.  The 
mistake  may  have  arisen  from  the  fact  that  Leti 
did  write  an  "  Aggiunta"  to  the  Life,  which  was 
printed  with  the  later  editions  of  it. 

MoLiNi  &  Green. 

27,  King  William  Street,  Strand. 

LuRRT  (4***  S.  iv.  434.) — Skinner  says :  — 

"  Lurry,  ni  fallor,  Acervus  rerum  confusaneua,  ali- 
quantuin  deflexo  sensu;  a  Belg.  /ei/re,  leurery ;  mcrx 
vilis;  res  frivola  et  futulis  ;  i.  e.  rerum  vilium  cumulus; 
nierccR  cnim  prctiosae  ordine  disponi  solent." 

An  easy  transition  from  the  things  piled  up 
gives  the  name  of  the  vehicle  upon  which  they 
are  piled  for  removal  from  place  to  place.     In 


Lancashire  the  word  lorry  is  also  used  aa  a  tbA^ 
and  is  applied  to  a  person  who  is  euryinfr  m  hgge 
burden  of  goods  in  a  confused  and  irregiUKr] 


ner:  ''He  lorried  away  with  a  whole  pile  of 
things,  and  cheated  the  {bailifib ";  ''It's  no  iiae 
lorrying  that  child  this  hot  day — ^let  it  walk.*' 

T.  T.  W. 
Heraldic  Query  (4**  S.  iv.  451.) — ^The  name 
belonging  to  the  arms  of  which  Cbowdowv  giYes 
the  blazon  is  evidently  Wycherly.  The  gxeateat 
assistance  would  be  afforded  to  such  inquifeit 
were  that  most  valuable  work  BritM  Armoriab^ 
commenced  some  years  since  by  Mr.  Papwoit^ 
brought  to  a  conclusion,  with  the  same  attentm 
revision  which  appears  in  the  thirfawn  aamlnBi 
issued  up  to  the  end  of  1865.  £.  W. 

Families  of  Strellet  akd  Vayasoub  (4^  & 
iv.  363.)— There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  thna 
different  statements  given  by  Lupua  xeler  to  one 
match  of  Strelley  with  Vavasour,  »Qd  that  Use  flxaly 
Dr.  Thoroton's,  only  is  correct.  William  le  Vav^ 
sour,  of  Shipley,  was  probably  a  member  of  one 
of  several  branches  of  the  old  stock  then  aubu^ 
ing,  and  Elizabeth  his  daughter  and  hazea%  aa 
stated.  This  ''  Robert  de  Stredley  oImu  StreUe'' 
was  twenty-three  on  the  feast  of  Si  MattheW| 
1302  {Cat,  Gen.,  ii.  626).  Sir  Bobert  Varaaoar 
of  Haslewood,  the  baron — who  is  genemlhr  nade 
to  be  the  father  of  Elizabeth— dying  IllS2-4l^ 
Henry  (a>t.  forty)  his  brother  was  fonnd  to  be 
his  next  heir  by  two  inq^uisitions  ^see  also  note  \n 
CourUiope  in  his  edition  of  Nicolas's  SSdane 


Peerage).  This  Henry  is  considered  the 
of  the  later  Vavasours  of  Haslewood ;  and  mom* 
over  Walter,  their  eldest  brother^  who  died  9*p^ 
was  only  thirty  in  1313.  A.  8.  BujiL 

Brompton. 

Prior*8  Poems:  "Haits  Cabykl"  (4**  &  rr. 
255,  346,  375.)— When  Goldsmith  wae  emploTed 
by  the  booksellers  to  make  ''A  Selection  ftom 
the  Best  British  Poets  for  the  Instruction  of  the 
Youth  of  both  Sexes/'  he  included  in  his  coUinai 
from  Prior  both  ^'Hans  Carvel"  and  ''BnSo 
Purganti,"  probably  without  having  read  them. 
Johnson  on  one  occasion  defends  jPrior :  ''  N0| 
sir,"  he  says,  '^  Prior  is  a  lady's  book ;  no  ladr 
is  ashamed  to  have  it  standing  in  her  libvaiy'^ 
(Croker's  BosweU,  p.  559).  Croker,  however,  nune 
thin-skinned,  '^  regrets  such  sad  laxity  of  talf 

Portsmoath. 

The  Couragh  (4"»  S.  iv.  3890  —  In  Joyce'a 
Names  of  Irish  Places,  the  modem  Irish  foim  €Sr^ 
rach  has  two  meanings :  the  first, ''  a 
(which  may  be  of  the  same  root  as  the 
cwTO) ;  and  in  a  second  sense,  which  ia  the 
general  form,  ''a  morass.''  Ia  the  first  it 
names  to  the  world-renowned  Corra^h  of 
in  the  latter  to  a  number  of  localitiea 


V  S.  ir.  Deo.  1 


9.] 


NOTES  AKD  QUEBIsa 


through  Irolaad,  as  Curraglunore,  Ciumgh,  Cur- 
rabeen,  &c,  Joyce  saja  there  are  mora  than 
thirty  places  in  Munater  alone  of  the  latter  name, 
signii'jing  the  "  Littla  Marah."  The  well  in  ques- 
tion may  Lie  classed  with  the  Curiagha  of  Uie 
second  meaning ;  and  its  propel  Irish  name  would 
bo  probably  Tubbei'  Currach,  or  "  The  Well  of  tho 
Marsh."'  H.  H. 

I'ortsmauth. 

Ub.  IIbnky  Sachevbbell  (i""  8.  ir.  478.) — 
Though  I  cannot  give  IIeriiehtscdb  "  a  detuled 
description  of  the  personal  appearance"  of  thi« 
celebrated  divine,  your  correspondent  may  find 
some  use  from  the  following  note. 

In  my  collection  of  autographs,  occauoually 
illustrated,  I  have,  in  addition  to  his  autograph, 
an  engraving  of  the  rector  of  St.  Andrew's,  where 
or  when  procured  I  do  not  recollect  It  ia  en- 
graved by  J .  Nutting,  and  represents  the  doctor  in 
lull  canonicals,  lobee,  and  band,  with  a  ma^- 
ticent  wig  falling  to  the  shouldNS.  His  face  has 
no  very  reverend  aspect,  but  ia  rather  agreeable, 
and  expressive  of  good-tempered  self-conceit. 

D.8. 

Blbwitt,  Parbt,  Whitakbb  (4*  S.  iv.  460.) 
In  answer  to  Mb.  Wkbibbooe,  John  Blewitt  died 
SepL  1853,  iBt.  seventy-two  j  John  Panr  died 
April  S,  1851,  cet.  seventy-siz;  John  Whitaker 
died  Dec.  4, 1S48,  et.  seventy-one. 

B.  St.  J.  B.  JoTOB. 

M4DA1IE  DE  POMFADOUB  (4*^  8.  ii.  364.^  — 
Have  we  not  proof  evident  that  this  notonous 
"  favourite"hBjl  not  the  title  of  Ducheai,  although 
she  enjoyed  "les  memes  honneun,  range,  pt^- 
Bt^ance  et  antrcs  avantages  dont  les  ducheBsea' 
jnuisflent,"  in  the  heartless  eiclaniation  of  Lewia 
XV.,  when  her  coffin  was  being  carried — during  a 
pouring  rain— from  Veraailles  to  Paris :  "  La  mar- 
qauu  n'aura  pas  beau  tempe  pour  son  Toyage"  P 
P.A.L. 


inddnitj  into  a  poado  wbola.    ThU  Dr.  AUbid  Iw*  done 
with  eonddanbls  fStct,  so  that  the  rolnne  Is  ana  «ml- 
DeBtljr  caloilated  to-  gratUy  the  Ucgi  eliui  of  boTers  lta( 
wbom  ■  book  of  tliu  cbacKMi  hu  Mpedal  chunu. 
Butoriool  OHinaUn:  T^fraid,  MoMilaA,  OoIAM, 

Onmmg.  £^  tb*  Uriit  Htm.  Bir  Hour  Lvtton  Bnlirar, 

G.C.B.    NaitS^at.    (BtDtltr.) 


NOTES  OS  B00K8,  ETC 
Thr  LnnT,  Prayer,  llhitlraird  by  F.  R.  PickeragilJ,  R.A., 
and  llmny  Heniy  AJford,  D.D.  (Longmsm) 
Thrrc  are  Diany  good  and  kiadl;r  penile  irho  lovo  the 
time-honoured  omtom  of  present  giving,  and  who  whan 
Christmna  reluni*,  desire  that  their  giils  ahoold  bear 
!<ime  reference  to,  oral  least  harmonise  with,  the  hallownl 
season.  For  nianj-  years  the  ereat  hooae  in  Pat«iUMt«r 
Row  has  taken  sUps  to  proviile  for  thia  want,  and  the 

work  before  us  m  their  selection  for  the  prewnt 

Terr  effbeti  ve  iUurtrstiona  of  the 

■■"' '  I'-'-'-r,  designed  by  Mr.  Pickare- 


iibed  whom  Sir  Heaiy  Bolmr 
aalject  of  lifa  ilnt  oontilbatioa 

than  th«sa  pleasant  and  admii 


oroauarn 
tabUTVoi 


.    •aporai*  hiato^ 

bhrexaoutcd  hiatoriea 
ien^  tha  book  wHI  be  found 
>  glad,  tbsKlbn^  le  wdoena 
of  It,  and  to  lean  that  Ita 


forUnr  ikatchn  "ettuOy  tUiMiatire  «f  pertooal  cba- 
raeter  and  political  ano^'  aa  soon  a*  ha  has  eoinpletsd 
his  pnaent  important  taak— nnn*^,  that  of  prapaiing  a 
moiK^  of  Lord  FalmoiBtai,  wfai^  will  conalit  malnlj' 
of  that  geoiil  and  aocomplf  '    ~ 


Xattbke.    (LoDgmaiis.) 

Iddy  EMtlaka,  at  the  dailie  of  mutj  mntaal  friMdi, 
and  with  the  ■■Jataima  af  Mr.  Hwr  Saadbaoh  •( 
HaMuno^  of  IUh  liaiT  Ltard  of  Bkuait,  of  Jlr.  pMUT 
WilUau  and  of  H  iai  Horaur,  baa  prodnoed  a  new 
Tohimaaf  atUdogMfbr,  wUeh  will  add  «v«ai  to  her  w^ 
e^aWhhrf  lltMHT  wpitaWaa,  aad  ba  nuat  wdooow  t» 
antheadayNnafJohBOihaats.  few  wiU  iv  down  the 
Tduma  wiUMM  Mi«  the  Jnttloa  at  UAj  SaatlOA 
Mam  I  ail  af  the  oataai  «f  the  gnat  aeolptor :  "  It  ia  a 
pan  aadbaaatlMiaad  above  ^  a  hw  life  to  dwall 
•a.  wtthoot  aaa  ^ifc  ooar  !•  aanBaat^Iha  nn  baao- 
Ideal  of  (he  artiat-earatr  aateaa  and  wtenBtftl,  jat 
forming  a  oooriateot  whole.  In  which  the  nadei  wtll 
ratkarlod  rapoae  tbaoezdtamant'*  \  and  the  eAot  pro- 
duoed  \ij  a  penia]  of  Gibaan's  lift  li  a  Mmgsle  between 
our  reapeot  lot  the  man  and  our  admiraUonM  tba  artist. 
It  ia  a  boak  above  all  othna  to  ba  plaead  ia  the  bands  of 
arti*n4anta,ai  at  oa««  an  azaaipte  and  a 


ts  of  nine  i 


hich  hi 


le  Lord's 


aiti  aaat  rf  Wtniu-M  Oiarattmt, Mm-rin, mmd  jbmc- 
drtaaaf  AaBKM&aHtAaiitfrwt  Amu  >■  all  Agm 
mmdaLitnm,M^ftmHktTat  of  Bmry  mSam 
^d  JammOmf/M  OmUratti  wiA  fiwly-ow  /Ul 
yytAyaaiy.    (HetteK.) 

A  wdl-ocnddsed  and  oanfbDj-prepaired  serin  of  Lira 
at  Benarkabla  Cbancten  has  vet  to  ba  written.  The 
work  bafiiie  ni  onlj  prohaMa  to  be  "  abteflj  Ihmi  the  teat 
of  Henrjr  WOaon  and  James  CaaUdd,"  and  with  its 
>iitj-ooe  plate*  wHl  bo  daabt  pUitj  tb*  earloritr  td ' 
manrreaden;  bat  aome  paina  beatowad  npon  identiMor 

tba  finnw-"-' ' ■■'-•■  "■-  '-' ' 

ahiadin      __ 

. _.  Lsna,  Sua,  &  Co.have  tewarded  to  asa 

SDudl  paAet  of  variooa  "  DlUiHes "  hi  tfao  shape  ef  a 
Shilllu,  Bizpsan7,  and  HadlealDlari  a  Iwxe  Print 
Sheet  Almanack;  and  QMwad  Labels— all  oF  wbldt 
'    '.  to  aaUsiy  the  ^eeial  ranalnneatB  thsy 


S92 


NOTES  AND  QUEHIES. 


[tfC'a.lT.  OKbis 


*1 


lated  to  do  jiutics  to  the  mb[ect,  bat  be  had  better  be 
quick  about  It  or  the  labject  wiU  croir  too  liiss  for  him. 
There  »re  Club*  ud  Clabi— "  Club<  tjpic«l  of  Mrlft,"  la 
we  think  Cowper  phnuea  it,  and  the  modem  more  ueial 
Club  which  daily  mcreasea  in  namberi.  A  new  Coaser- 
vative  Club  la  talked  of,  and  s  Metaphygicat  Clab,  orlgi- 
nating,  we  are  told,  aodei  the  ahadow  of  the  Tenerable 
Abbey  of  Westminiter,  and  meetiuB  for  the  present  at 
the  Grosrenor  Hotel ;  a  new  Club,  of  the  ordinary-  clnb 
chacBcter  in  Curutor  Street,  mora  especially  intended  foi 
the  "men  of  the  gown,"  as  Granger  styles  them;  and, 
laill)-,  a  Social  Progresi  Association,  with  a  periodical 
devoted  to  ita  proc«e3iagi  nnder  the  title  of  The  Idtalitl. 


"  As  the  autiior  is  a  Beecher,"  says  Thr  New  YSrk  TVi- 
bmte,  "it  is  olmoit  unnecessary  to  say  that  she  stands  to 
her  ^m  in  alt  the  esaenllal  statementa  and  theoria  abe 
baa  advanced.  She  makea  a  very  IhoroDgh  examiaatlod 
of  (he  case  in  all  ita  aspecta,  and  thoae  who  have  read  the 

ihroofd  of  her  Tolume  think  she  baa  made  out  an  exe«ed- 
ngly  Blntng  caae."  Horace  Watpole  apoke  of  "  men, 
women,  and  llerveya,"  and  it  would  seem  from  this  that 
America  also  boasta  of  a  third  race — "  man,  womeo,  and 
Bceohers." 

We  can  no  lODjnr  pat  any  trust  la  the  proverb  which 
speaks  of  the  wortblessneas  of  an  old  aong.  A  large  sale 
of  mnaical  copyrights,  coddocted  by  Mesiiu.  PdtTICK 
6.  SiupsoN,  at  their  looms  In  Leicester  Square,  realised 
between  eleven  and  twelve  thousand  pounds.  Mr.  Joseph 
Williama.  of  Berners  Street  and  Cheapside, ■-  "-  — 


Alll-,  for  "Eli,"  an  oratorio,  l,600f.  It  would  31 
low-a^ays  at  least,  Ihot  Hugh  Rebeck  is  right,  and 
ic  say  "  music,  with  ita  silver  sound — becnuio  music 
ouud  for  eilvcr." 


Mn,  Dickrhb'  new  Serial  Story  will  be  completed  ii 
Twelve  Numbers,  and  illustrated  after  the  good  old  style 
The  First  Number  will  be  pnblished  In  March. 

Mr.  Bi.ahchard  JzitnoLD  announces  an  important 
work,  und  one  which  is  likely  to  thi 
upon  the  present  state  of  affairs  aero 
(iHvrocbe  I'arty ;  Iwing  Literary  1 


Thi 


iClieht 
the  channel   "The 
of  Political 


^n  ablo 


„   .  Ltly  in   Paris, 

idy  the  movement  now  going  forward 

ich  Capital.    It  will    be  published  by  Mr. 


on  Pxivimq  FLAHAiriia,  holluiui^  mupv  E*Bfe 


■trChalnt.  tralh 


^ttHtti  to  ConTXpanBctitf. 

IrarrTii/   nlarira  fti  An  rork  The  Ndui  13^^.  ^^S  m^M 


■DOOKWORM,   edited  and  iUnjtratod   by  J    Pi 
lJ*«?Sw«VdSh™.=uESSSSli.''fiJ'Ad    ""TjSg—  ***** 


1   FOREIGN   LITEBATUBB.- 


pWO  ALTI  RILIEW  by  FLiixiK  tn  Sa^Tb 

RARE  COUNTY  H1ST0BIE8.— THOMAS  bSt 
]<u.»»..  a,..!,.  I "a ™.  ^'^Slto^'TSSSiSiSS 


I   CAT.4L0GUE  of  SECONDHASD  STAHBABD 


4*  8.  IV.  Dig.  25, '69.] 


If OTBs  Ajsix  qjjwaj&8. 


fisa 


COSTENTa— N*  101, 
ES:  — 'William  Bnrlck,  born  OoMnr  K  IMi  Htd 
wB,lS«S,  EU  — CbiguDDi,  Ua—Tlw  Doka  of  lUdlna 
Dnia  aiiil  IliB  Spamxh  AriDiiU,  No.  S,  A.— Prtosof  Job- 
o^lii  Loiidon  111  171B— TbeSua:  lu  Gmider— Lord 
nulay  -  Dependable —  Dr.  PnnUia  —  TIm  ToAUi 


"Rue  with  a  DlSereuoe"  In  "Hamlst" 


-Dr. 


R     1  —  JerPMtlve  —  Birla  ol 


Egbert  Ni-T<llis'B 


BEPLIKSi  — 'Iha  Bt!t.  Georga  Beni 


Mi  —  Flliui  Natumlti 


Si 

Bcoltl 


Georn  Ben  net,  MS  —  Cambrl^t^ 
■  :  Bortbwlak  »mm»,  A— Bn> 
Qamlniu.  EOI  —  Dld^Dntke  tntn- 


DI  health  vm  tha  eaoaa  of  his  withdnwin;  ttota 
«  scene  when  he  had  addered  noinH  tataof^  to 
antitie  bim  to  the  greatoat  cxpectillani  m  nt 
krtut.  Hie  Ideea  and  conoeptioiu  of  art  ■•  anoh 
weKj  from  hi«  very  flnt  ontaet  as  a  painter,  u 
fir  atmre  the  commoo  level  that  ontj  111  h^ljh 
and  ciicuinBtancea  arinng  ont  of  thia  have  pn* 
vented  him  from  teaching  the  higheat  ponticn  of 
an  artist  in  his  natirs  connbr, 

"HidltHtbem  tot  the  naanMclid  dmhef  aa««to< 
laddM>wnlilin«lftobeliklHMd,WIUIuaBMrl«k..  . 
mif^  have  been  PndiknC  of  tlie  Bi^al  AcadMir.  It  la 
jeidbia,  iui  tlili  bMs  the  eiat,  tbat  tMtnd  at  Ua 
Tasuiiu  natlsg  ■*  tb«r  do  in  oai  quirt  ofanit^ri  tbn 
might  have  netitti  b  Um  Abbn  of  8L  PMer**,  W«a£> 
miniter  .  .  .  Bat  jcan  ago,  it  pMaMd  tba  Almigli^  to 
deprira  Mm  of  hl»  fiaellh,  and  eneatqawtly  ot  the  wiwut 
ofadiivriDKthatemiaMM  In  hltpdMadaa  (a  Uilattw 
lUbofoUohUKariiarcaiMr  hadgiTeo  en^rprooika. 
Had  it  not  ban  oidand  oth■rwl•^  Hoh  jmr  tlut  ha 
j  lived  voold  donbtloa  bare  brouffU  aa  lacnan  of  tbrt 


•Cl\a\i  Witch  iUuix 


Diiohttne"  — Hatthla*  Oorrl- 

^npoBnpWoal  Nimea-    ~         ■'       " 
GraiiddaDBhtrr - 


WILLIAM  BEWICK,  BORK  OCTTOBEB  »,*17Mi 
DIED  JU^E  8,  1886. 
Fetr  pfuntera  who  have  lived  all  tfa«r  Uvea  in 
the  country  huve  ever  attained  a  high  degree  of 
KDown  and  celebrity,  vdtb  the  exception  of  some 
landscape  paictera  and  depicton  of  rural  life. 
The  like  fnithi'ul  delineatoia  of  natore  as  Jacob 
Thompson  and  John  Linnell,  for  instance,  would, 
one  might  feel  inclined  to  sbt,  be  out  of  their 
element  ia  the  metropolis,  while  the  ooOBeinal 
life  thej  kad  not  far  from  the  lonelv  Imt  lovelv 
Hawea  Water  — that  Ptritentio  of  the  Eogjiab 
lakes — or  amidst  the  woodlands  and  meadows  of 
Sun'ej,  conveys  to  our  minds  the  idea  of  men  in 
their  right  sphere.  The  painter,  of  whom  I  irish 
to  note  down  a  few  Uomphical  inddante,  tome 
of  which  are  known  but  to  mjself,  mlHam 
Bewick,  waa  '•  moulded "  for  another  field  of 
action  than  wooda  and  lakes.  Fat  slthon^  he 
spent  tnaaj  of  those  most  important  jeara  of  an 
artist's  life  in  the  country,  where  the  ideal  to 
which  the  artist  has  aapired  becomes  a  reali^, 
'  by  means  of  which  a  aabjact 
, ,( ,  ...■,...     ,1 


Htln  talBd."— (Aa  Lf  ijf  IM  aad  At  Ltm  i^  0^ 
Foitenl  tenoi^  t^r  Edward  Chiaae,  ILA,  pieacbed  M 
Ha^hloi-U^kania,  Juoa  17,  IMB.) 

^mUam  Bavriek  waa  bom  at  Darlingtati,  Oet. 
90,1796.  He  died  on  Juia  8, 1866,  after  a  ki^ 
and  painfal  illnaaa,  which  ha  bore  whh  maeh  fte- 
tatode  and  redgnalion^  and  was  buried  at  Uaogbr 
t«n-l»-8ken^  DMrhiaiiatinAhoa.  Ebwaaao 
relation  of  the  bmoiia  dnugbtaDieB  and  wood 
engzavan  at  that  nam^  thoagji  dti^  prohaUj' 
cameoftheaunestock.  u  early  boyhood  William 
Bewiiifc  ahowed  Dtat  talent  for  drawing  and  avan 
'  iting,  aaa  tiiia  talant  baeame  developed  to. 
degne  tlut  Ui  fiieodt,  being  in  pmt^ 


n  objsct,'  he  was  qftati  forced  to  do  it 
He  spent  these  years,  it  is  true,  amidat  thoae 
innocent  pleasures  which  endear  a  qniet  £ie  at 
retirement  among  books  and  object*  of  art  ao 

Ctly  to  the  congenial  mind,  bat  th^  kept  him 
ly  far  from  his  high  aquattoBa  ai  as  arttot 


„,^     ^  .   jg  nan  of  tweuty,  hv 

attracted  the  attentimi  aa  well  aa  the  interart  ef 
Hwdan,  who  noticed  the  yonth  while  enguti 
jB  dmIAiiig  bem.  tha  Blgin  Hariika  then  sm> 
bitedat&iriii "        •■    " 


Dimyi- 


it&iriingtonHaua.    We  iwd  inHi^donl* 


n  to  atiidr  the  bMMr  sTthe  Harblw  te 
pal^tiiwwtai  lft»d  a  jMwn^raaan. 
diawJM  aaiWst  fee  ftai— la  with  gnat  tmth.  iMkad 
Umtfhaw«anaAL  Ha  n|iSd,  ba  wtriisd  lo  bfc 
1  toU  Ub  if  ha  iraoU  jlae*  Unaair  mdar  MT  t«dll«  I 
wDBldiMtnat  Uaa.  Hedid  aa.  I  edoMMl  Ub  IM 
thre*  yean  wtlboat  awiaiar  laaailatepJad  Ua  ataaa 
dona  at  ab  a  IMll  gaw  19  aqr  Ua>*  to  htaa  t  m* 
wImb  he  waa  iwdr,  am  Maa  aod  Iha  Laaiaawi  to  tt* 
Biitirii  Hnnam  [lAhbsrtha  aaUtalKMln  qiiMllM  ta4 
bMB  rtMoved},  «bem  tkar  aada  fteaiAe  UiiB  MaiblM 
the**  eridnatad  diewliVH  ikaaMoMbe  i^ri^nak,  wiMi. 
nva  Unmao  maoh  npotatloo  that  Goethe  orlbradaarft 
Ar  Wrimai,  wbars  thsr  aM  aUU  abom  U  Ua.tewe,  mI 
to  iriiIah,jMtbiftmU  death,  b«  anndri  laTlltMr 
to  B».--tn«eJtaiiri«r-A.A.JBpiNi;ad;iTT«ii 
Tl7l8r,f<nlfclNfc   TAfilii^W© 


654 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE&  in^  8.  it.  dm.  si,  w- 


According  to    another,    but    similar   version, 

Bewick  executed,  after  the  Marbles  had  been  re- 

moTed  to  the  British  Museum,  some  full-sized 

studies  of  them  under  the  immediate  care  and 

supervision  of  Haydon,  which  studies  were  highly 

eulogised  by  Sir  &njamin  West : — 

**  On  the  exhibition  of  these  studies  in  the  Musenm, 
West  came  and  delivered  an  address  to  the  students  pre- 
sent, eulogising  the  drawings  and  course  of  studv.  They 
indeed  excited  much  interest,  and  were  purchased  by 
Wiiliam  Hamilton,  £8q.*'— (Vide  Lougstafte's  U'utory  of 
JJarlinfftotif  p.  343.) 

When  Goethe,  who  was  most  anxious  to  have 
at  least  a  plastic  idea  of  these  marbles,  the  exhi- 
bition of  which  to  the  eyes  of  civilised  Europe 
created  a  new  era  in  the  higher  and  more  ideal 
conceptions  of  artists ;  when  Goethe,  as  we  know 
from  his  Annalenf  expressed  an  urgent  desire  to 

see  some  sketches  or  cartoons  executed  from  these        „ 

antiquities,  Bewick  was  chosen  to  draw  these  {  for  historical  pictures,  but  that  he  finialied  only 


**  The  following  letter  of  Goethe'a  U  an  immortal  hommr. 
Think  of  this  great  man  saying,  his  tool  is  dovated  b^ 
the  contemplation  of  the  drawings  of  mv  pupib  fVom  Um 
Elgin  Marbles— drawings  which  wen  the  ridicnle  of  tiha 
whole  body  of  Acadeimcians." — (Vide  Mmminf  aal^ 
vol.  iii.  p.  *29d.) 

Goethe  himself  had  written :  — > 

**  The  letter  which  yon  have  had  the  Undnesi  to  addriai 
to  me  has  afforded  me  the  greatest  pleasure^  for  ■■  my 
soul  has  been  elevated  for  many  yean  by  the  oontempla* 
tion  of  the  important  drawings  fommy  asnt  to  me, 
which  occupy  an  hononnUe  place  in  myhonso  [flnmn 
which  they  wen  removed  after  his  death,  llllSJ,it  ouiimI 
but  be  highly  gratifying  to  me  to  leam  that  you  aCill 
remember  me,  and  embnoe  this  opportunity  of  coawingiaff 
me  that  you  do  so." — (Written  December  1, 1881,  aoiiie 
months  before  his  death.  Vide  Mtmoin,  ant^  toL  UL 
p.  296.) 

Such  was  William  Bewick's  start  as  sn  artist. 
I  have  heard  that  he  made  some  lavve  sketdhea 


large  cartoons  for  the  great  German  poet.  They 
are,  however,  no  longer  at  his  house ;  but,  as  Pro- 
fessor Ernst  Forster  of  Munich,  the  celebiated 
painter  and  art- historian,  was  kind  enough  to 
inform  me,  at  a  place  where  they  are  of  greater 
use — at  the  Grand  Ducal  Public  School  of  Art  at 
Weimar.  In  a  letter  of  the  famous  Carl  August 
of  Saxe- Weimar,  to  Goethe,  the  former  writes  (in 


few.  It  is  most  probable  that  an  aooount  of  taem 
and^f  his  life  in  London  at  that  time  will  be 
given  to  the  world  by  the  publication  of  a  memoir 
which  the  artist  left  In  manuscript,  sod  which  his 
widow  intends  to  have  printed.  Meanwhile  hm 
became  known  to  almost  all  the  celefamted  artist* 
of  the  day.  He  got  into  difficultiefl|,  as  we  know 
from  Haydon's  Diary^  but  Haydon  wu  alwaja 


1820)  that  the  cartoons  have  arrived,  but  some-  .  kind  to  him  and  a  true  and  faithful  fiiend.    Tto 
what  damaged.    They  were  first  exhibited  at  the     president  Benjamin  We<t  took  an  interastinhim  ;~ 


painter  Jagemann's  atelier, — (Vide  Briefwcchsel,  ■.  iSir  Thomas  Lawrence  still  greater.    He  inteo- 
vol.  ii.  p.  138.)    In  another  letter,  written  by  Mr.     ''"'»-''  *•'-*  *--  ®'-  ^a^-'*—  o^^*.*  — i  —  a^j  *i.^ 
Bewick  in  May  1868,  he  gives  an  account  of  these 
cartoons :  — 


*'  I  have  pleasure,**  he  writes,  **  in  affording  you  the 
information  you  wish  respecting  the  cartoons  I  had  the 
honour  of  executing  for  the  great  poet  of  Germany, 
Goethe.    Much  curiosity  and  interest  were  excited  in  Ger- 


duced  him  to  Sir  Walter  Scott,  and  we  find  tli» 
vouug  artist  on  several  visits  at  Abbotsford  in 
1824  and  1825.  Here  he  drew  the  portrait  of  Sir 
Walter,  and  made  a  copy  of  that  strange  picture  oC 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  painted  by  Amias  Cawood 
at  Fotheringay,  which  represents  the  head  of  tba 

....       r   -      /^     1        ^  4.        .1.    1.M  •    I  Queen  in  a  silver  salver  covered  with  black  cran. 
many  about  those  famous  Greek  sculptures,  the  hlinn  '  c-    wt  i*      x  i  j  xr     -n      •  i-  xi,  x  *l    i/j^  mIl 
Martles,  and  the  poet  sent  for  drawings  to  be  made  of  !  Sir  Walter  told  Mr.  Bewick  that  the  body  of  &» 
some  of  the  principal  figures  and  groupfi,  to  be  made  \  unhappy   Queen   was   locked   up   m  a  rtNMn   aft 
suflSciently  large  to  give  an  ade(|uate  i<lea  of  the  peculiar  j  Fotheringay  Castle  for  three  dajTS  after  the  eze- 

merits  of  these  wonderful  sculptures  of  antiquity.    And  !  cution,  and  that  it  was  supposed  that  the  paiDtse 

as  I  had  distmguished  myself  as  the  firnt  draughtsman  to  |  made  the  picture  during  thirtimo.    It  seematliat 
make  large  cartoons  from  these  works  for  Mr.  Hamilton  i  xu  *^    _*•  j.  •*        ^i      •  x       V  %  .     "  . 

of  the  Foreign  Office,  and  which  were  the  onlv  works  of  I  ^^^  y®?"fi^   ^^  ^^  greatly  interested  m  thl» 
the  kind  ever  exhibited  in  the  BriUsh  Museum,  I  was  |  nivstenous  and  sad  portrait;  for  we  find  that  Sir 

Walter  Scott  wrote  to  him  on  the  sahject  Qn, 
May  1824^,  and  that  Mr.  Bewick  made  aerenl 
drawings  from  it--one  for  Mr.  Edward  Shipperd- 
son  of  Durham.    Sir  Walter  wrote  to  him :  — 

**  I  have  pleasure  in  aflfording  yea  all  the  infonnatioii  L 
possess  concerning  the  picture,  but  it  is  not  mncfa.    Ur. 
Bullock,  the  naturalist,  brought  me  a  massage  ftoni  a 
gentleman  going  abroad  and  disposiiig  of  a  eMketioa  oT 
pictures,  expressing  a  wish  that  I  ahoald  be  ponesMd  ef" 
this  one,  either  by  gift  or  purchase,  namins  a  modaiaia* 
German  artists,  should  be  conveyed  to  me,  with  many  i  price  (10/1 1  think,  but  am  not  oertahi),  if  I  prtftmd  the 
other  courteous  expressions  to  myself  should  I  visit  Ger-     latter  arrangement    He  stated  that  the  gentleman  wbor 
man  v.**  had  so  kindly  thought  of  me  had  reedved  the  pieseat 

from  a  friend  in  Pnusia,  and  thereftne  did  not  wWi  te 
expose  it  to  public  sale.    This  is  idl  I  knew  of  it." 


selected  to  make  those  cartoons  for  the  great  poet,  to  give 
the  (lerman  artists,  and  Germany  in  general,  some  idea 
of  the  style  and  perfection  of  the  Elgin  Marbles.  These 
cartoons,' when  finished,  were  forwanled  to  the  great  poet, 
who,  when  he  received  them,  desired  through  the  consul 
that  his  great  admiration  and  thanks  should  be  conve^'ed 
to  me  for  *  the  fine  drawings  so  ably  executed,'  and  that 
the  poet  had  thought  them  worthy  of  giving  them  to  the 
Grand  Duke  for  presentation  to  the  Academy  of  Arts. 

**  He  likewise  desired  that  the  admiration  of  the  style 
and  power  of  these  cartoons,  as  expressed  by  the  great 
"     ,  should  be  oonve) 
expressions  to  myi 


How  highly  Goethe — and  we  need  no  better 
authority — ^thought  of  these  cartoons,  we  leam 
from  his  letter  to  Haydon,  of  which  the  latter 
observes :  — 


Miss  Scott  mentions  in  a  letter  addreand  ia 
Mrs.  Surtees  of  Mainsforth  that  the  pletme 


•»  a  IT.  Dec.  2B,  '89.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIBa 


Sfifi 


liougbt  in  Germauf,  and  Iron^t  "  to  ^pft  bf  a 
Terj  Strang  old  man,  who  wuhed  to  give  it  to 
papa.  ThiH  papa  reftuied.  He  then  oSwed  tawll 
it,  and  named  fortr  or  fifty  gubeu,  aa  he  alwava 
said  no  one  else  snould  have  it  hat  him.  All  tne 
aiUsU  admire  the  paintinr  very  mnch." 

Until  his  death  Sir  W^ter  took  a  deep  interest 
in  Mr.  Bewick  as  an  artiat  as  well  as  a  gentleman  i 
for  he  was  possesaed  of  maaj  Dofale-miuded  and 
fine  qualities  that  endear  na  to  others ;  and, 
neveTtheless,  nothing  could  be  more  simple  than 
his  life,  nor  more  innocent  than  his  pleasures— 
but  are  these  not  the  finset  qualities  of  an  artiit  ? 
His  ereat  delight  was  to  meet  with  thoae  who 
could  recall  the  aunnj  memories  of  the  past,  or 
who  could  enter  into  and  enjo;  a  love  for  art 
To  these  friends  we  may  reckon  the  I^uidaeera, 
and  Lance  the  great  fruit-painter,  whom  Hajdon, 
too,  "  advised  to  take  to  fruit" 

In  1830  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  then  president 
of  the  Royal  Academy,  selected  Mr.  Bewick  for 
the  purpose  of  sending  him  to  Rome  to  oopy  the 
frescoes  of  the  Prophets  and  Sybils  in  tbe  Sixtius 
Chapel.  These  works  of  HicbHl  Angelo  ar«  of 
coloBsal  size,  as  is  well  known,  and  are  eapecially 
remarkable  for  the  accuracy  of  their  anatinnicu 
details.  It  was,  therefore,  necessary  (or  tiieir 
copyist  to  be  a  man  of  the  highest  akill  as  an 
anatomical  draughtsman.  Tlwy  were  all  to  be 
copied  upon  paper  and  then  transfeired  to  camrna. 
It  was  the  intention  of  ^  Thomas  lAWttaioa  to 
have  these  works  placed  in  a  room  spedallr  set 
Bpnrt  for  them  in  the  National  Gallery.  This 
plan  was  frustrated  by  the  deatb  of  Sir  Thomas 
in  1830,  and  Bewick  had  copied  only  four  of  the 
frescoes  in  oil,  although  All  of  them  bad  been 
finished  by  him  as  cartoons.  These  works  there- 
fore, instead  of  becoming  the  properly  of  the  nation, 
were  thrown  upon  the  artist's  nands.  What  be- 
came oF  them  ultimately  I  am  not  able  to  say. 
That  they  are  eiceodingly  dever  we  leam  bma 
Haydon's  Diary,  June  IMO:— 


d  opportonitT 


sit  and  moBe — tnch  a  (^lorioiu  opportnDitj  tor  ibe,  andi 
■  patron,  inch  a  oambinatioa  of  gBiiiu  and 
rarely  happens  on  eutb." — (Tide 
pp.  136, 187.) 

When  at  Rome,  Bewick  made  many  important 
acq^uiuntances,  and  was  petted  mnchj  amoacr 
others,  by  the  still  handsome  "  Reine  aotUam/' 
then  Duchesae  de  Saint-Leu.  Bewick  oftra 
visited  her|MiJins,  and  drew  hei  likeneas  aa  well  m 
that  of  ber  younger  son,  the  prMcnt  Empanr  et 
the  French.  It  may  be  mentioned  htm  Out  Mr. 
Bewick  was  extremely  handeome,  bis  boa  nadnd- 

' e  of  ^e  well-lmown  Ukaneaa  Ot  Van  Tfjtic 

J  handsome  portrait  of  " 
at  the  Royal  Academy  In  1 


fine  Una  sngraTiDg— fet  FMjes'a 
Hitloiy  of  the  Cotml^  ef  Dvlittm.  Haydoo  took 
bis  head  for  a  model  of  his  Laiania  inhis  dttddeilj 
best  {actnre, "  The  Baisingof  lAsama,"  ao  Imwum 
so  well  known  on  the  stairesse  at  tlie  Puv£m^ 
Oxford  Street,  now  at  the  Natimikl  Qallerv, 

After  bis  letom  fhim  Rome,  Mr.  fiewidi  pnt^ 
tised  hia  profession  tbr  some  yean  in  LondoB,  asA 
resched  tne  first  rank  aa  a  portnit  painter.  H^ 
alao  drew  in  obalk  or  penal  a  great  nnmbar  of 
the  celebrated  men  and  vromen  be  came  in  oontact 
with ;  and  I  find  I  have  noted  down  a  fine  aonoat 
by  Sheridan  Knowles,  which  he  wrote  to  aneh  k 
portrait  of  Hailitt :  -~ 

I 


jokidt  nm-atUklneve^ltau 
Sool,  laaniK  flrs  that  eolMnieoald  bM  itiu. 
on  Uatbmr  hew  pak^ebad  Uwoghld 


8c«l  on 
Ahl  talhai 


palHobad  UwoghidlTlne 
«MSMtgHv<>r 
Ahl  fathaweofthatNlraMUir*! 
Rnmld,  jret  bnning;  thus  bMmi  pairina's  flaass, 
IMitlnc  the  cbssk  sad  q^vwinc  thnoih  thaftaw  » ' 
mOaeBtlMltasUMedewof  asfgh 
Tst  bnvM*  fboAy,  aod  Ua  shadow  sUa 
BwMth  lbs  dianul  of  ^  gkwiv  thoagfat 
Andllra  alawi  tioqasme,  wlitdi  OMMs  In  flt» 
Uln  PjrtUan  ioMiialiim  l-A-M,  unght 
By  IbM,  In  nlB  doth  daiidw*i  Twna'd  dart 
Do  Iti  ftol  work  'galaat  Urn.    Tbi*  bnd  mnt  awn  « 

taMttt" 

The  lifk  In  London  amidst  eongv^  P*°P^ 
seeniB  to  bare  been  liked  In  bim :  odlbrtaBataCTt 
however,  the  efieota  of  malaiia  ferar,  eaagU  u 
Rom^  afteir  %  time  bann  to  abow  thenuBhaa, 
and  Vx.  Bewick  wu  obligad  to  leare  the  towm 
and  to  retire  to  liia  pnparly  at  Hanghtnnle 
SkemeinllieooantTorDmliua,  numneipaat 
IT  jaan  a  qdet  Ufb  of  rrtiwn»eat  amoogat 
in  and  ^etoia^  of  which  be  had  a  toij 
le  and  la^  collection.  He  died,  aa  I  ban 
.  1  the  Hit  of  June,  1606,  after  a  long  and 
jwnful  iUnsaa,  wUdi  be  ban  with  mnen  fbt- 
titnde  aad  dem  naifpatku.  V»  was  of  «  Uid 
dimoatian,  Ibna  of  simph  pleaanrei^  banendaot 
and  amiaUa:  Tirtnaa  wbkb,  togelbar  witfa  ^ 
natnnd  gontaa,  laias  liim  aboro  uie  Ural  of  otdi' 
naiT  men,  sod  wU  keep  «  ammy  mamon  anmiC 
bisnama.  Tbos  ba  died— '  Ml  of  tba  Mnmnga* 
of  the  peso*  ooBaagnent  npon  terant  WtUtal 
pRyer,  and  dmpla  tmat  ia  tbe  BadeenMr." 

Theae  are  tbe  fewdetsdlalamablo  to^nof 
tbe  Ufa  of  an  artist  wbo  daaenraa  to  be  remam- 
bernd  as  aaeb,  and  aa  m  moat  gesdal,  U^-miadad 
mao.  Asnnids  tbesnnaerationof  Usartfalfo 
woalgL  aad  tbiaa  anata  of  bis  pablio  and  grinte 
HA  irtlehm»beof  iBtansttothe  BoUiaat  lain 
tbe  "Hamolr^  Ml  I7  Hr.Bawic*^  snd  wU^ 
ba*«  maatiaaad  u  brag  OB  tba  era  of  pobliadka* 
win  aaoat  pmlMbly  #TC  an  tba  aasM^daMa. 
Aad  M  regHda  tSa  Ijft  of  a  faiaty^  IH  m 
ahrna  MBMBbw  IhaflM  WMdt  off  aa  HiiliiWiib 
Bninnc:— 


566 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIE& 


[4*  &  IT.  Dm  16^ 


<<We  may  peop  and  pry  into  the  ordinary  life  of 
pAinlers,  but  it  will  not  do  to  strip  them  stark-naked. 
A  speaking  portrait  of  them — an  anecdote  or  two ;  an 
ezpresslYe  sayinp:  dropped  by  chance ;  an  incident  mark- 
ing the  bent  of  ^nius,  or  its*  fate,  are  delicious;  but  here 
we  riiould  draw  the  curtain,  or  we  shall  profane  this  sort 
of  image-wox»hip.  Lea^t  of  all  do  wo  wiith  to  be  enter- 
tained with  private  brawls,  or  professional  squabbles, 
of  multifarious  pretensions.  '  The  essence  of  genius,*  as 
Lady  Morgan  observes,  '  is  concentration.'  So  is  that  of 
enthusiasm."    (Vide  Edinburgh  Review,  July  1824.) 

Hermann  Kindt. 
Germany. 

CniGNONS. 

The  present  number  (October  1,  1800)  of  La 
Revue  aes  Deftr  Motides  has  two  articles  in  which, 
curiously  enough,  this  unsightly  head-dress  is 
mentioned.  It  seems  singular  that  such  an  un- 
couth object  should  be  described  in  a  romance 
intended  to  depict  the  actual  condition  of  the 
most  fashionable  society  in  France,  and  a  few 
pages  on,  in  an  article  about  Lch  Prisons  de  PariSy 
should  be  described  its  fabrication  as  seen  at 
Sainte-P^lagie,  where  the  magistrate  found  '*  ce 
que  la  d^bauche  a  He  plus  hideux."  (P.  018.) 
And  yet^  if  that  society  be  so  corrupted  and  can- 
cerous as  the  novelist  presents  it,  then  there  seems 
a  grim  sort  of  justice  which  eends  it  to  seek  its 
most  distinctive  ornaments  in'^cloaquesou  IVgout 
social  semble  avoir  d(5gorg(5  toutes  ses  immon- 
dices."    (P.  018.) 

The  first  extract  is  from  "  Autourd'unc  Source" 
(pp.  644,  645)  by  the  sarcastic  Gustave  Droz,  and 
makes  part  of  the  scene  where  the  young  wife 
comes  to  the  curd  to  seek  some  relief  in  telling 
him  how  drearily  drags  her  existence,  and  to  what 
wretched  falsehoods  and  trickeries  she  has  yielded 
herself  to  please  her  ftithcr  and  husband. 

The  dialogue  commences  with  the  curd : — 

— Comment !  M.  votro  p^re  et  M.  Ic  comte  aont  les 
premiers  u  vous  cntralucr  dans  ces  dissipations,  pauvre 
dame? 

—  Vous  ne  connaisscz  done  pas  Ics  hommes,  mon  cfaer 
card  ?  Si  je  vous  disais  que,  sans  papa  et  sans  mon  man, 
jamais  je  ne  me  serais  fait  teindro  les  chcveux,  jamais ! 
J'ai  pleure  avant  de  nic  dcfrider !  Ah !  J'ai  bien  pleurd. 
Vous  allez  croire  que  je  plaisante,  et  bien !  c'cst  ^  la 
lettre,  je  ne  me  scraiM  jamais  ddcidde. 

—  Vous  teindro  Iw  chi'voux !  Comment !  que  dites- 
vous  ?  Pourquoi  teiudrc  les  rlieveux  ?  On  pcut  done  ae 
teindre  les  chevfux  V  Parlez-vous  sericusetnent  ?  Pauvre 
jeunefemme!  nialheureu^i  jounc  fcmmc  !  Quel  pouvait 
ctro  le  but  de  ces  mej)>ieur8  ? 

—  Lc  but,  le  but  .  .  .  lis  snppoFOient  que  cela  m'iralt 
bien,  et  puis  c*est  la  mode.  Papa  me  disait : — Ma  petite 
chdrie,  il  ne  faut  pas  se  singulariser ;  puisque  toutes  ces 
dames  se  font  teindre.  .  .  .  D  ailleurs  tu  seras  gentille, 
comme  un  cwur !  £t  dans  le  fait  cela  est  extremement 
joli ;  mais  \k  n'est  pas  la  question. — Mon  mari  de  son  cotd 
ajoutait : — Mh  chbre,  voum  avczlides  pudcnrs  de  petite 
meroi^re :  M">*  de  Blaiserne  a  depuis  avant-hicr  lea  che- 
Teux  rouges,  c'est  adorable.  Essaycz-en  done,  vous 
charBiante.^Cependant  je  pleurais  toujoura. 

•^  Ah  I  mon  Dieu  I  et  ils  insistaient  ? 


lis  faristaiwit.    J*aTaitbMalciirdliii 
brfth  mes  pauTna  dnveux. 


—  Oni,  oni, 
Mais  si  I'on  me 
affreosea  drogues !— Ha  v^pondaieDt :  Celt  ionoHMM 

—  Voos  avec  rMttd,  vmu  n'a?«i  paaoMtf  & .  .  •  ■• 

—  II  faut  bien  croire  que  J*ai  eMd,  poisqiaa  J«  ti 
le  quart  d'heure  blonde,  comme  lea  hm,  et  q«.1n 
an  monde  j'dtaia  brune,  oomroe  I'aila  da  corbeaa. 

—  Quoi !  ces  chevenx  .  .  .  • 

—  lis  sent  h  moL    Ah!    n^exaginma 


•uprind  te 


tms  pMi  IX 
Mevant  sont  ^  mot  Quand  4  la  parde  pomrim%  ■)•  u*m 
dis  rien ;  maia  11  fkutqaeTOoa  saeMfs.  manii— r  mam^ 
qu*il  n'est  pas  de  femme  aa  monda  puniWeiit  mmb  ahs^ 
velure  asMz  prodigieuae  pour  ez^catar  la  mnnnmwif  qpi 
a  Thonnenr  de  a^offrir  i^  voa  regards. 

Kile  retoumait  la  tfite  en  dlsant  eda,  uwte 
de  coqnetterie  et  dlngitfmuttf  toat-4-lUt 

—  Ma  coiffure  vona  parelt  loufda  jpaiee  qa^eDaMt^nBta* 
mineuae;  maia  cela  n^eat  que  gonM»  tAtas  ^m^^intbt 
.  .  .  .  je  plaisante.  Le  fait  que  licn  n'eit  plm  Mea  ct 
plus  commode.  Cela  8*accroche  aa  uied  de  aoo  Ut  le  adli^ 
et  on  le  retrouve  intact  le  lendemaui  inatiii.  Gda  aVU 
pas  de  la  coqnetterie,  c'est  da  eonfortabla. 
done,  mon  bon  monsieor  la  car^  tt 
saviez  que  j'^tais  teinte  ? 

—  Moi  ?    Seigneur  I 

—  Comment !  vous  n*aves  paa  va  oda  toot  da 
Cela  n*e8t  pourtant  pas  difficile ;  on  darlna  las 
blondes  sans  lunettes.    II  y  a  toi^oan  qoalqaa 
dMtrange  dans  la  ooalenr  de  oea  ehavcox-li^  qadqa»4 
de  pasnatnrel,  ....  et  c'est  prfaja^mant  ea  fa  i 
qui  donne  le  piquant,  le  cacbet." 

After  this  scene,  one  is  not  maeh 
find  (p.  661  et  »eq.)  the  countesa 
the  cur^ — this  time  with  a  talo  of  Imt  liwhiwAti 
misdeeds,  such  as  ought  to  conaigB  lun,  if  b»  ImA, 
his  deserts,  to  the  prison  which  wa  find  diaaihiHl 
in  the  article  from  which  the  aeeond  fislmot  li 
taken — Les  Prisons  de  Poru,  p«r  Ma^iiw'ifc  ^ 
Camp,  pp.  619,  620  :— 

"  Je  voudrais  bien  qoe  les  ftmmei,  J^adtaada 
donnent  le  ton  et  fixent  la  mode,  puaent  vldfeBr 
Pelagie;  elles  y  verraient  comment  on  ftbriqna  oaa 
chignons  qu^elles  se  suspendent  impudemiMBt  k  la 
on  qu'dles  laissent  flotter  ear  lean  ^paulea.  Tftt\ 
est  occup^  h  ce  genre  de  beeogne,  qai  n'laalaia  qa>M 
apprentissage.  Tons  les  cberaox  adMtdi 
douteuses,  ramass^  an  pea  partoat,  arnwMi  da 
roul^s  sur  une  carte  jetA  k  la  borne  et  piqadi  par  !■ 
crochet  du  chiffonnier,  sont  assemble  d^prta  las  ■OAaeal^ 
divis^  selon  les  longaeurs,  et, aprfea an  nattaqraflvajd M 
les  rend  gu^re  plus  ragoAtanta,  envqydi  it  8aMte-Hu|^ 
oil  des  detenus  passent  la  Joum^  h  ka  fixer  ear  «■  fUqa 
soie.  De  Ik,  loraquHIa  auront  4t6  maaaft  d'aprto  laa  i^^M 
de  Tart,  ils  s*en  iront  me  Notre-Daaia-dA-Loietta  os  anL 
faubourg  Saint-Germain." 

These  two  notes  are  perhaps  worthy  of  a  plMK 
in  '^  N.  &  Q./'  not  only  to  its  present  xeaden  bat 
to  some  future  moralist  or  antiqi 

Paris. 


m 


THE   DUKE  OF  MEDINA   SIDONIA  AHD 
SPANISH  ABMADA^UL 

Since  writing  my  last  letter  I  bsTa  been  mtUM^tf 
by  Mr.  Froude  with  the  nwurance  that  be  tar 
distinct  evidence  firam  the  Spanidi  ansbHaa 
Simancas  that  tbe  Doka  jwtumad'tp  Splhi ' 


.4 


4«>  8.  IV.  Dec.  !B,  119.) 


NOTES  AND  QlTEBIEa 


007 


the  end  of  September  lfi88.  With  thii  my  ai- 
cuiation  of  the  pomibility  of  his  hsriiiR  Mifbred 
shipwreck  on  Fair  lale  (anU,  p.  472)  faUa  to  the 
ground.  But  unexpected  li^t  has  been  thrown 
on  the  quesdon  from  two  aourcea. 

The  first  is  tlie  Aidobiograp/is/  md  Diary  of 
Mr.  James  Mdoili  [in  ir.88,  niiniatw  of  Anatruthei> 
Wester],  edited  by  Bobart  Pitoiin,  Esq.  [for  the 
Wodrow  Societal,  Edinbor^  1842,  to  vhieh 
Mr.  Froude  kindlv  referred  me.  On  pp.  S81-4 
(year  1538)  Mr.  Mehiira  diary  contuns  the  fid- 
lowing  account : — 

"  Wltbia  Ctfi  or  Ihrie  monetlia  ihainfter  [iftsr  Lara- 
mas  or  Aufc.  1  J,  esiiie  in  Ihe  moining,  be  bnk  of  dar,  ' 
ane  of  our  bailvies  cam  to  mv  bed^^  >a7iDg(bat  noefat 
with  rrey},  -t  haiff  lo  tall  jow  newaa,  Sir.  Tber  is 
arrvvU  wiihin  our  berbne  Ihla  iDaniing  a  aoUpa  iUl  of 
Spainjarts,  bot  nncht  tu  i^  menle  bot  to  («k  I '  And 
3a  schnwe?  me  that  tbe  Cummandars  bald  laodit,  and  be 
haid  coiniiiiinait  tham  to  thdt  sohipe  anlne  till  tb* 
UiiKis<''»ta3  nf  tbe  town  baid  advyalt,  aad  Um  SpsioyaMa 
haiil  hurnblie  i>\Kjit :  Therfor  desyiit  me  to  rtm  and 
heir  thsir  ptylition  uritb  tbam.  Upe  1  got  with  diUgmca, 
and  aiMmblinK  the  honest  men  Of  tbe  town,  OHD  lo  tlw 
TolbDthe;  anu  efler  eonanllation  Ukan  to lidr  tha^  ud 
what  atinwer  U>  niak,  tlur  preaentea  na  a  varie  nnMOd 
man  of  bif;  nalnre,  and  grave  and  (tout  GOnataaaaML 
grev-hearcd,  and  verie  humble  Ijh,  wha,  after  mikls  and 
verie  law  couneui?,  bowing  down  with  bis  tiee  ndr  tha 
ground,  and  twitching  my  acbo  with  bia  band,  b^aa  hii 

subsuincf ;  and  being  about  to  answer  in  Latina,  h< 
baiSiug  onlie  aroung  man  with  him  to  be  hisinteiprater, 
began  and  taold  ower  afniine  Co  na  in  gold  £logUi.    The 


S  Phili, 
o  land  in 


lingland  for  joai 


receavii  of  that 
againat  Uiame,  and  be  itonne  af  wathar  halddiTVan  tba 
navieby  the  cost  of  Elnglaud,  and  him  with  a  oaitMn  of 
Capteanes,  being  Ihe  General]  of  tweatia  hnlksi  upon  an 
yll  of  Scotland,  called  lbs  Fear  YU,  wbn  they  maid 
adiipewrak,  and  whar  sa  mouie  aa  bald  Mofaaplt  tbe 
mercilu  ties  and  rokeg^  baid  malr  noiaaxor  Mnda  ooka 
euffreil  grait  bnnger  and  caald,  till  eoDdudiu  that  baric 
out  of  Urkney,  (hey  war  com  hither  as  lo  thafr  qiadsll 
fiinda  and  confederats  . . .,  and  to  find  releiff  and  MnDAiH 
tbairby  \o  hioi  eellT,  thcae  gentiimen  CapteasM,  and  tbe 
pooresonldarCe,  wbaaecondllloQ  waa  fbrtbe  praaantmalat 
miserable  and  piiifull The  namea  of  the  Com- 
manders war  Jan  Gomea  ds  Medina,  OeoeraU  of  twaotle 
honlkc",  CapiUui  Patricio,  Capitan  de  Legoittto,  O^itan 
de  LulTura,  CapiUa  Mauritio,  and  ■S^''y"'  Seciano  ■  .  . 
"Tbia  JanGomiB  Bcbew  gialc  kjndiifBto  Badite««f 
e  fund  anestHl  at  CaDai  at  hta  hlM- 
onrtfbrhlr,  and  maid  g*alt  n»  [ntalM} 
or  acouana  lo  oia  King,  Ink  the  bontat  MOi  to  fib  baas, 
andinquriit  for  tbe  Lard  of  Anatnubar.fortha  MintotOT, 
and  bii  hone,  and  land  hanw  mania  commandatknaa 
Bot  vn  tbanked  God  with  our  hartas  that  w«  btld  a^ 
Ihem  Binsnga  na  in  that  forme." 

I  then  consulted  a  full  list  of  the  ihipa  of  Uio 
Armadft,  published  at  Liabon  bafdn  it  rtntad, 
entitled  — 

.a  Armada  qis  al  nf  daa  Fll^  .... 


town,  mihilk 


of  wUdi  tha  Britiah  Mneaiim  yon—w  a  Papj, 
nndend  iDTalnablAbj  Locd  BuEuiiih'sJK,  uotM 
on  the  fate  of  the  wndced  twioU  od  otiur 
mattan  of  intereit  Here  I  flod  tho  flwt  of 
twenty  (or  nther  twen^-thifc)  hnllD  m  itinfr- 
ship*,  which  Jnan  Gomes  de  Medina  hid  iapi»> 
sauted  himself  as  comntsnding,  all  ewbotad  1^ 
name,  headed  by  the  "  Oairftaoa  "  or  oUafa  ddp^ 
aa  fbllowa.  The  US.  notes  in  bmdeta  are  u 
BurlmAh'a  hand ;  - 


t  o«  *i*o  7  leidde  an  eadia.]  £1  Qma  QiiAa 
[US.  «r  Boatoeh]  [MS.  tUa  laaa*  *hip  waa 
n  ta.  in  r  U>  of  'an  n«an  nnithiiil] 


"  Estmn  ds  Lagomta." 

The  tooth  of  Gomes'a  statemenit  to  Helrill  as 
to  his  name  and  fhncUon  fas  general  of  the  vxett, 
uUb.  or  hoiks),  and  his  ihipwieok,  an  thns  folly 
astibliahed:  wd  bwo  of  the  ogttsina  who  wiM 


wtth  him  at  Anamrther  an  here  wMad  aa  b»< 
loiunng  to  hii  ihlp, "  El  Qrao  Qrifon." 

The  same  list  alterwards  mentims  Oomes'a 
name  again  (cometly  written),  to  whlrh  Bnriaigh 
adds  the  note  ["tUs  man  cam-ni  'bj  Soodand  and 
iMod  into  Spmie]." 

The  ShetlMi&n  han  thate&m  emfoaidad  Al- 
fonso Bern  de  Otisnan,  Dnke  of  Hedina  ^t^-^^ 
with  Joan  Giunei  de  Medina,— «  nittake  tto 
more  natnral  rince  the  former  waa  oomntlr 
called  nm^y  tha  Dnln  of  Uedina.  Monteitt 
imngly  said  that  the  slii^wiecied  crew  vmitni 
on  Fair  Isle;  and  mr  omjeetnre  tliat  tha^  wen 
only  about  a  month  thwe  prores  to  be  nniA 
neam  the  tnith.  Oomsa's  atatemetit  that  thqr 
had  "  coadnoed,"  i.  *.  hind  a  \mA  fraai  OHmmh 
U  leas  likaly  Hbm  Honlaith'a  van  detailad  ao- 
oowt  of  than  biiiV  taken  to  Bhetlaad  Mainland, 
and  obtuniBff  a  Jiof  Hun.  flaally,  BaMA 
onnaot  ba  wAt  in  dte  date  of  the  aUDwiaak  i  n« 
BapMmbar  17  mub.t  be  man  pnbaHy  tiia  dnia 
of  Aeir  lebasTfeHD  the  isbnd.  Bat  titeae  an 
minctr  anon;  and  the  main  Ihat  of  tho  Stetlaal 
traditiflo  ia  now  prared  to  be  tba  tno  UMocy. 
Itisoi'        '   ■  ■'^"' 

thcyh 


FVUB  ««  Jo>-B 


The  ftdUiwing  00^  of  anaRV 
Tandan  Baa^da  and  a  jobHW 
in-tha-Sidia  ehMfa  bow  piii 


iob-«uatein  BtMaiUiA- 
piioaa  nibdisLaadaB 


*-n  nil  iii|liwltiim»it,a»iii«nsalH,1,^F«» 
batwoM  Cbaa.  HodMS,  of  tbapsriah  of  81.  Hsrtli*)l»«M- 
lUI^  kn  >>Mst,  rftba«>*>ai^nad*hnTaalm 
BMpd^  <tf  tha  puU  of  St.  JaMi^  k,  <r'lha.aa« 
part, that b te  w, Oad** HodcM  awEr  Umsm;  **. 


658 


NOTES  AND  QUERIEa 


[4*  S.  IT.  Dig.  SS^  W. 


covenant,  promiM,  and  agree  to  and  with  the  said  John 
Vanden  Bconpde  to  keep  his  coach  and  charriot  and  har- 
neM  neat  and  clean,  and  in  all  manner  of  repair,  at  his 
own  chaise  not  including  wheeln ;  and  in  case  the  coach- 
man Shan  break  the  gla8$e8  of  either,  then  empty,  the 
said  Charles  Hodge^  shall  be  answerable  lor  and  make 
good  the  same ;  To  serve  him  with  a  pair  of  good  strong 
serviceable  handsome  well-matched  horses,  to  be  valued 
between  fifty  and  sixty  pounds  to  his  good  liking  and 
approbation,  and  also  a  good  hcmest  sober  creditable 
coachman,  who  with  the  horses  shall  attend  as  often  as 
lie  or  his  ladv  shall  think  fit,  either  into  the  city  of 
London,  the  liberties  of  Westminster,  or  places  adjacent. 
And  if  the  said  John  B.  or  his  family  shall  have  occasion 
to  go  into  the  countrey,  the  same  Charles  Hodges  obliges 
iiimself  by  these  presents  to  find  him  or  them  with  one 
or  more  pair  of  horses  after  the  same  rate  per  diem  with 
tlie  others,  the  said  J.  B.  allowing  the  said  Charles 
Hodges  half-a-crown  a  day  more  extraordinary  expenses, 
every  day  he  shall  travel  on  the  road  and  set  up  at  an 
inn,  the  said  C.  Hodges  finding  the  horses  on  such  journey 
at  his  own  charges :  And  in  case  the  coachman  runs 
away  with  his  livery,  or  loses  his  cloak,  hammerdotbes, 
sent  covers,  the  seats  in  the  coach,  or  toppings  of  the 
same,  the  said  C.  H.  shall  and  will  be  answerable  for  and 
make  good  the  same;  All  the  which  premisses  being 
performed  on  the  part  and  behalf  of  the  said  Chs.  Hodges, 
the  said  J.  B.  does  promise  and  agree  to  pay  the  said 
Hodges  the  sum  of  one  hundred  pounds  of  lawful  British 
money,"  d:c.  &c.  &c 

Mr.  Bempde  subjoins  in  his  own  writing  the 
following  memorandum :  — 

£    «.   </. 

**  A  pair  of  horses,  at  5«.  6d,  per  diem,  per 

week 1  18    6 

The  charge  of  keeping  a  pair  of  horses  in 
Yorksliire  a  week la    6 


The  clear  profit  of  a  pair  of  horses 


1    3    0" 


At  once  the  wild  alanun  dAshed  ftmn  all  ho-  ndi^f 

spires. 
As  ftst  Arom  tTeiy  Tillage  roud  tlie  hone  emie  av- 

lingin." 

Compare  these  lines  with  the  JinUpury,  dufi 

xlv. :  — 

"  The  yeomanry,  pouring  firom  thdr  dUhrant  Am^ 
came  galloping  throagh  the  street  ....  The  obbi 
and  fifes  or  the  voliuiteen  weie  blended  with  •  •  •  . 
the  sound  of  the  buglee  and  the  tolUng  of  beOa  ftea  the 
steeple.  ....  Two  or  three  light  ▼ewsia  had  ahea^y 
slipped  their  cables  and  stood  ont  to  sea  hi  ocdv  to  di^ 
cover  the  supposed  enemy.** 

The  motto  to  this  chapter  of  the  ^toftfuij^  li 

taken  from  Hogg,  and  begins  — 

**  Red  glared  the  beaeoo  on  Powaell  i 
;.0n  Skiddaw  there  were  threes" 

Macaulay's  ballad  ends  — 

**  The   red  glare  on  Skiddaw  roused  the  hunihaM  sf 
Carlisle.^ 

These  are  plagiarisms,  not  eoinoide&cea. 

J.  WiLKnra^  BbCXL. 

Dependable.—"  N.  &  Q."  has  t^^^^^^ 

paragraphs  about  the  word  nUaik,     I 

to-day  lor  the  first  time  a  aster-woid|  whieh  it  Is 
as  well  to  mark  while  fresh  from  the  ndnt,    A 
writer  in  7%«  Academy  of  Not.  IS^  pi  86,   _ 
of  a  certain  person  as  ''never  hATing  hean'a 
pendMe  partisan."  *" 


which  is  G2/.  \2s,  per  annum  interest  for  50A 
(t.  e,  the  assumed  price  of  the  horses).         E.  P. 

The  Sun  :  its  Gender,— I  have  not  seen  the 
sxLTL  described  as  feminine  In  any  English  writer, 
80  far  as  I  remember^  except  Mede,  where  the  fol- 
lowing passages  occur  in  the  fifty-third  Discourse 
<^pp.  307  and  309,  folio  edition  of  his  works)  :  — 

"  We  know  that  though  the  sun  be  risen  upon  the  earth 
$he  doth  not  always  shew  henelf  in  full  brightness,  but 
sometimes  is  overcast  with  clouds  and  shadowed  from  our 
sight,  and  yet  »he  always  giveth  so  much  light  as  thereby 
we  may  discern  the  day  from  the  night;  even  so,"  &c. 

"  For  though  it  be  necessary  the  sun  should  be  risen 
before  »he  can  he  seen,  yet  she  niay  be  long  up  before  we 
see  Arr,  and  ultcu  clouded  after  the  hath  shined.*' 

E.  II.  A. 

Loud  MACAUL^T.—If  the  principle  of  "suuni 
cuique  "  was  applied  to  the  writings  of  Macaulay, 
the  residuum  of  original  matter  would  be  but  ! 
small.  The  facility  with  which  he  adapted  the 
ideas  of  another  was  mnrvellous.  Witness  the 
following  extracts  from  his  ballad  of  "  The  Ar- 
mada " :  — 

<*  Many  a  light  fishing  bark  put  forth  to  pn^  along  the 
coast. 

Then  bugle's  note  and  cannon*s  roar  the  death-like 
silence  broke. 


Dr.  Franklin. — In  1801  and  18QSy  irUls 
keeping  my  terms  in  the  Temple,  I  ynm  m  alinost 
daily  yieitor  at  the  chambers  of  my  ftieiid«  Mr. 
Kelly  Bellew,  in  Mitre  Buildings^  where  I  fre- 
quently met  Uie  literaiy  oelebrities  of  tht  timsu 
Among  them  was  Temple  Franklin,  a  fnatoML  M 
I  imderstood)  son  of  the  renowned  pmloao^sr, 
and  governor  of  some  place— I  foiget  irhtt  In 
America.  I  heard  him  relate  an  anecdote  of  Ui 
father,  which  may  be  worthy  of  oonsenralioB'  it 
'»N.&Q." 

He  was  set  one  day  to  work  an  deetrieal 
machine  on  which  his  father  was  intending  an 
experiment  with  a  live  dock.  IndinSng  forwanj^ 
and  holding  the  creature's  head  towad  the  ma- 
chine, it  struggled  violently  to  escape,  and  tlw 
experimentalist  s  head  meeting  the  shocA  ffnitftad, 
he  fell  senseless  to  tiie  floor,  and  was  with  gvoaft 
difficulty  restored  to  animation.  I  cannot  give  tlia 
governor's  detail  of  this  paribus  ™*««^^»imi*ft,  ov 
the  comments  of  its  sdentific  heanta ;  bat  I  wall 
remember  the  general  reflecticms  on  tha  political 
as  well  as  the  philosophical  coosequenoea  of  its 
fatal  result.  For  myself  I  was  too  joong  to  ba 
anything  more  than  a  hnmUo  listener. 

E.L.& 

The  Turkish  Bath.^1  have  a  tzaet  Mbn 
me  entitled  — 

**  Blutiffes  Treffen,  Welches  b^  Barokan  wo 
Kiiyseilichen  und  Pohiisehen  '  -    -     _ 


4*  S,  IV.  Dbc.  25,  '69.] 


170TES  AND  QUEBIfiS. 


659 


.  .  .  zweymahl  gehalten  .  .  .  Gredraekt  in  cUeMm  1688 
Jab  re.  HUrbey  iit  zu  hekonmten  die  TUrcMi9^  Bad* 
Stube." 

The  place  of  printingi  which  is  not  giyen,  is 
most  probably  Augsburg,  Nuremberg,  or  one  of 
the  chief  South  German  cities.  Hence  it  appears 
that  the  Turkish  bath  was  described  to  the  people 
of  South  Germany  in  1683,  nearly  two  hundred 
years  before  its  reintroduction  to  Western  Europe. 

Russell  MABTnrBir. 

British  Museum. 

"Rue  with  a  Difference "  in  "Hahlbt."  — 
In  explaining  Shakespeare*s  phrases,  I  think  that 
many  commentators  refine  too  much.  If  he  indeed 
<'  had  in  his  mind ''  all  the  intricate  allusions  he  is 
said  to  have  had,  his  mind  must  have  been  even 
greater  than  we  most  of  us  grant  it  to  have  been.  In 
Ophelia's  speech — "  there's  rue  for  you ;  and  here*s 
some  for  me :  we  may  call  it  hero-grace  on  Sun- 
days ;  O,  you  must  wear  your  rue  with  a  differ- 
ence '' — there  is  no  difficulty  if  we  do  not  force  the 
words  *'  with  a  difference  "  into  some  **  heraldic  " 
phrase.  It  merely  means  this :  "  I  offer  you  rue, 
which  has  two  meanings ;  it  is  sometimes  called 
herb  of  grace,  and  in  that  sense  I  take  some  for 
myself;  but  with  a  slight  difference  of  sp&Uing,  it 
means  ruth,  and  in  that  respect  will  do  for  you." 
This  explanation  is  not  mine ;  it  is  Shaketpeare^s 
men, 

**  Here  did  she  fall  a  tear ;  here,  in  this  plaee^ 
I'll  set  a  bank  of  rue,  sour  herb  of  grace  ; 
Rue,  even  for  ruth^  here  shortly  shall  be  seen, 
In  the  remembrance  of  a  wearing  qmeen," 

mchard  21.  Act  lU.  So  4. 

Some  wrongly  explain  the  word  cranta  by  gar-' 
lands,  whereas  it  is  a  garland,  in  the  singular 
number.  Long  notes  have  been  written  about  it, 
but  no  one  seems  to  have  noticed  that  Shake- 
speare not  only  understood  the  word,  but  knew  it 
to  be  singular.  Otherwise  he  would  hardly 
have  used  the  name  of  Rosenkrantz  as  that  of  one 
of  his  characters.  What  need  of  search  for  explain- 
ing a  word  which  is  under  one's  nose  aU  tiie 
while  P    Surely  Rosenkrantz  is  a  rose-garland. 

Waltsb  W.  Skiat. 

l,Cintra  Terrace,  Cambridge. 

Dr.  Temple. — At  the  late  confirmation  held 
in  Bow  church  of  the  election  of  Br.  Temple  to 
the  see  of  Exeter,  the  opposers  required  proof  c^ 
the  bishop-elect  having  been  ''biom  in  lawful 
wedlock,^'  and  also  that  he  was  "a  prudent  and 
discreet  man,  and  eminent  for  his  knowledge  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  for  his  life  and  morala 
deservedly  commended."  According  to  the  xe- 
cords,  says  the  Guardian,  of  the  Archbishop's 
Court,  ]^roof  on  these  points  has  never  been  re- 
quired since  the  confirmation  of  Matthew  Ftoker. 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  who  died  in  1676|  and 
whose  brother  filed  an  affidavit  of  his  having  been 


bom  in  lawful  wedlock.  In  Br.  Temp's  ease 
the  desired  proof  was  alRraded  by  his  sister  and 
Mr.  linsen,  the  new  permanent  Uader-aeewitary 
of  tlie  l^reasory.  H.  T. 


*'  Atoib  le  iovb  bt  le  poira." — ^M.  Victor 
Hugo,  in  L*tromme  gim  rU,  part  n.'chap.  xiL 
01182),  writes:  — 

**  Ls  vioomte  de  Saint-John— prononoes  Boliogbroke— 
tferivsit  it  Thomas  Lenaard,  oomte  de  Sussex :  '  Deux 
choses  liDDt  qu*on  est  graod.  En  Angleterrs  avoir  le 
tour:  en Franos avoir m pour.' 

«•  Le  poiir» en  Franos^  o'^tait  oed:  Qnand  le  id #elft 
en  voyage,  le  fimrrier  de  la  conr,  le  soir  vena,  an 
d^botte  4  r^pe  asskmait  leur  logement  aiuc  peraooaes 
suivant  sa  nunsstA  Panni  oes  sek;neiir&  qaeiqma-iins 
avaieat  on  pnviMge  immense.  '  lb  ont  le  ptmr,  dlt  le 
Jmamti  kiMMqm  £  Tami^  1 694^  page  6,  e*est  ii-dire  qne 
le  foarrier  qui  marone  les  logis  met  Pamr  avant  lenr  nom« 
comma :  Poicr  Mi.  teprmet  de  Sambite.  aa  lien  que  qoand 
il  marqoe  le  logis  d*ane  personne  qui  n*ett  poiat  prinoe^ 


Favorl,  c*est  pire  one  prince.    Le  roi  accordait  le  pomr 
comma  le  oordon  bfen  on  la  pairie. 

**  *  Avoir  le  tour'  en  Angleterrs  tftalt  moins  vanitenz, 
roais  plus  tM.  C^tait  an  eigne  de  vMtabSe  approebe 
de  la  per^tane  r^ante.  Qoiooooaeitaity  par  nalssanes 
on  fkvear.  en  postoie  da  reoevoir  das  oommanleatkiBS 
direetes  de  sa  nui^tlU,  avaU  dans  le  mar  da  sa  chambre 
de  lit  an  tear  oh  ^tait  ^nsU  on  timbre.  Ls  timbie  soBr 
nait,  le  toor  s'ouvrait,  one  missive  royale  apparsJssitt 
sor  one  assiette  d'or  oa  sar  nn  coossin  de  vdoars,  pals 
le  toar  se  refennait.  Ctftait  intime  et  solenneL  Le 
myst^deox  dans  le  familiar.  Le  toor  ne  servait  4  aneon 
autre  osageu  La  sonnerie  annon^t  on  message  rpjaL 
Oa  ne  vqyait  pas  qol  Tapportait  C^tait  da  rsMe  toot 
simpkanentonpaffedslarehieoadaroL  Leieester  avalt 
le  tear  sons  Klnabeth  et  Buckingham  soos  Jaoqaes  I*'. 

'Avoir  le  toor/  eela  se  disait  en  Ihm9aia;  ee 

detail  d'^oette  angUdsa  tftait  probableBMnt  one  aa- 
denne  platitiidefraii^ise.'' 

Is  there  any  foundation  in  fact  for  these  state- 
ments, or  are  tiiiey  merely  fiction^  like  mMbj 
others  of  M.  Bogota  historic  narratirea  ? 

HnErosDmran. 

BiBUonoA  ViairncBaoiAVii. — I  porchaaed  le- 
centlj  at  Brighton  an  Aldine  editioa  of  Enriniiee 
(1603),  on  the  moeocoo  bmdingof  which  laJSftiJo- 
teea  VUmtrwekmtL  Can  any  of  your  eonwfond- 
enti  tell  me  where  that  libnuy  la^and  to  whom 
it  belonged?  THoicia  K  WDnmreioH. 

^  Cakok  Bqvatbvtvki  wBrmre  hu  Msmoim 
AREB  Hn  DiAXB." — Among  the  intereatlng 
ooUection  of  pietaies  now  in  the  Soath  EfBodog^ 
ton  Mnaeaiiii  I  reeently  notioed  one  with,  the 
above  ezplaaatoiy  label.  la  the  aabjeet  ol  the 
painting  conoeeted  with  any  legend,  and  If  w^ 
whfttP  To  an  erdinary  obaenrer  the  eaqilamtiim 
appioeehea  the  aheoid.  althon^  the  eedftwoos 
aspect  of  the  ecdeeiaatic  in  qaestioii  aad  the 


660 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIEa 


[4*  8.  lY.  I>sa  85^  "61. 


peculiar  hue  of  the  whole  paintiog  would  favour 
the  idea  that  the  artist  did  not  intend  to  repre- 
sent a  sublunary  transaction.  J.B, 

Manuscripts  of  Fulk  Gkkvillb,  Lord 
Brooke.— At  the  Brijiht  ealo  of  MSS.  (1844), 
lot  107  consisted  |^  certain  MS.  transcripts,  with 
autopfraph  corrections,  of  the  works  of  the  above 
worthy.  From  the  named  and  priced  copy  of  the 
catalofrue  in  the  British  Museum,  it  appears  that 
Mr.  Thorpe,  bookseller,  purchas'cd  the  whole.  I 
am  anxious  to  trace  the  present  owner  of  these 
manuscripts.  Engnged  in  preparing  a  complete 
collection  of  Lord  Jirnokes  works  (vei-se  and 
prose)  for  my  Fuller  Worthies*  Library,  I  should 
be'^lad  of  an  opportunity  to  compare  the  original 
editions  with  the  Bright  MSS.  By  the  kindness 
of  Mr,  W.  A.  Wright  of  Cambridge,  I  am  secur- 
ing a  collation  of  the  Trinity  MS.  of  the  Life  (?) 
of  Sidney ;  and  I  shall  collate  the  known  MS.  of 
"  Mustapha."  Any  aid,  biographic  or  elucidatory, 
most  welcome  to  *        Alexander  B.  Grosart. 

St.  George's,  Blackburn. 

BoBERT  Forster,  THE   Flytno  Barber  of 

CAaiDRiDGE.  —  I  should  like  to  buy  or  to  borrow 

for  a  few  days  the  print  of  the  above  odd  chai*ac- 

ter,  which  is  thus  described  in  Wilson's  Eccentric 

Mirror y  vol.  ii.  No.  14,  p.  oO  :  — 

"  A  humorous  carioatJire  print,  pjibli^hed  at  Cam- 
bridge [about  1800].  This  jirint  consists  of  two  compart- 
ments ....  Mie  one  represent  in;;  him  scuddin;^  the 
streets,  and  the  other  as  in  the  attitude  of  levelling  the 
first  stroke  at  a  gf^ntlemun^s  beard.'* 

Can  any  obliging  reader  favour  me  ? 

140,  Lower  Mo*3  Lane,  Hulmo.        C.  W.  Sftton, 

Hindoo  Secret  Bites.  —  la  Mr.  Ilepworth 
Dixon's  New  America  rofereuce  is  made  to  certnin 
secret  rites  of  the  Hindoos  nauu^d  "  Baa  Mandala,'* 
"  Kamchulayas,"  and  *'  the  Lottery  of  the  Vest." 
In  what  work  on  Hindoo  mythology  is  there  an 
account  given  of  these  rites  Y  D,  Blair. 

Melbourne. 

Jeres-give.  —  In  an  old  book  called  Pj-ivihgia 
Londiniy  by  W.  Bc^hun,  of  the  Middle  Temple, 
1723,  is  the  following:— 

"  Jeres-jfivo  is  a  toll  or  fine  taken  by  the  king's  oflficera 
on  a  person's  entcrin.:?  into  an  ottice  ;  or.  rather,  a  sum  of 
money,  or  bribe,  given  to  them  to  connive  at  extortion 
or  other  oflenco  in  him  that  gives  it.  (See  Chart.  Hen. 
II. ;  fourth  Chart.  Ilcn.  ill.,  and  ninth  Chart.  Hen.  HI." 

My  object  in  sending  this  quotation  is  to  ascer- 
tain the  derivation  of  the  word  Jeres-tfivc. 

Ed3H:nd'Tew,  M.A. 

Earls  op  Lancaster. — Can  any  one  refer  me 
to  any  work  which  mentions  the  illegitimate 
descendants  of  the  Earls  of  Lancfister — more  par- 
ticularly of  Tliomas,  the  earl  who  was  beheaded 
at  Pontefract?  I  fancy  I  have  seen  in  your 
columns  some  mention  of  the  unrecognised  off- 
shoots of  the  family,  who^  it  seems,  had  descend- 


ants among  the  gentry  of  a  later  period.  Of  Jolm 
of  Gaunt's  descendants  we  have  an  apple  inriw^ 
because  his  marriage  with  Catherine  Swiaionl 
was  legitimatiaed;  but  the  same  recovd  dote  not 
appear  to  have  been  kept  of  Thomas  of  Lancaster'a 
descendants  of  a  similar  kind. 


MEDiiGVAL  'Ingbnuitt.  —  Where  am  I  find 
an  account  of  a  curious  specimen  of  mediSBTil 
ingenuity  which  was  diseorered  in  an  old  oon* 
vent  near  Florence  some  ^-ears  ago,  and  sub- 
sequently exhibited  in  Paris.  It  was  a  confes- 
sional box,  on  the  principal  panel  of  which  was 
seen  a  very  beautiful  picture  representing  the 
Saviour  of  the  world,  itut  on  touching  a  BpuV 
this  picture  was  replaced  by  one  of  the  Dbtu 
with  horns,  eyes  of  fire,  and  hair  standing  on 
end.  The  ^ame  Bprin,^  ^t  an  organ  in  mo^on, 
which  played  the  most  lugubrious  music. 

H.W.B. 

Montrose  Family.  —  Francis  Qraham,  horn 
about  the  year  1700,  and  married  in  ITSS^at 
Westerkirk  in  the  co.  of  Dumfries,  was  constantly 
said  by  his  granddaughter,  bom  aibout  1700^  to 
have  been  the  son  of  a  first  cousin  of  a  Marquis  of 
Montrose.  Query,  was  there  any .  connection 
between  Lord  Robert  Graham,  son  of  the  gzeat 
marquis,  and  this  Francis  P  Until  the  discoyery 
of  a  third  son  of  the  great  marqms  sneh  a  con- 
ncction  seemed  inc>;pable  of  proof,  the  old  peer- 
ages giving  only  one  son  of  the  great  mazqniS|  who 
lived  to  manhood ;  one  son  of  tne  second  marquiSj 
besides  that  I/ord  Charles  Graham,  who,  as  Craw- 
ford says,  ''died  a  young  man  of  great  hopes  and 
courage ; ''  while  James  the  fourth  marquis  and 
first  duke  is  expressly  said  to  hare  been  his 
father's  only  child.  M«  A. 

HoBERT  Neville's  Dattgstbbs.  —  At  p.  SS^ 
table  V.  of  the  account  of  the  Neville  family  in 
Drummond's  Noble  British  FamUieB  it  is  staled 
that  Robert  Neville  (son  and  heir  of  Sir  Thomas 
Neville  of  Liversedge),  who  married  EUen,  daugh- 
ter of  Sir  William  MoKneux  of  "  Sefton,**  left 
''several  daughters."  Can  any  reader  of  *•  N.&Q." 
give  the  names  of  these  ^  several  dan^tersi*'  sand 
state  to  whom  any  of  them  were  mamed  P 

H.  D.  DAWBON-DVFFIBLDy  LLJ). 

The  Non-hatural  Sense. — Bishopnti^Rmddy 
in  his  verv  excellent  "Life  of  Bishop  Bntler'* none- 
fixed  to  tegff's  (8vo)  edition  of  7^  Am&f^^ 
speaks  of  '*the  non-natund  sense  in  wfalsh  the 
Dominicans  accept  the  decisions  of  the  Oomoil 
of  Trent."  I  wish  to  know  if  this  nfc 
warranted,  and  in  what  book  of  nolemh 

lo^y  I  can  find  a  verification  of  itr    In  the 

"Life  of  Bishop  Butler"  allusion  is  mads  to 
"  Mons.  Romberg's  method  of  ntuhing  gold  hy 
injecting  light  into  the  porss  of  mersniy/'  Be- 
quired  to  know  the  source  ot  this  allusiottf 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  25,  •69,] 


KOTES  AND  QnESIE& 


The  Old  Style  Hottsb,  Ohiswiok. — This 
house  at  a  yery  comer  of  Chiswiek  paiiah  uid 
Ealing,  near  to  Brentford  and  Kew  Kid^,  has 
recently  been  pulled  down,  and  the  land  adjomiog 
is  offered  to  be  let  for  building.  Can  any  eorre- 
spondent  of  '*  N.  &  Q.''  inform  me  the  origin  or 
meaning  of  the  name  of  this  place  P  I  can  find 
notliing  concerning  it  in  Faulkner's  Hisiory  vf 
Brentford,  Ecding,  and  Chisivick.  Quite  recently 
tlio  new  proprietor  of  a  manaion  close  by  haa 
named  his  iiouse  Stile  Hall. 

G.  W.  Sbpukvs  Piessb. 

Quotations  wanted.  —  There  was  printed  in 

1710  a  singular  octavo  tract,  entitled — 

**  The  Wonders  of  England,  oontminiiig  Dogget  and 
Penkethman's  Dialogue  with  Old  Nick,  on  the  Suppvoi- 
sion  of  Bartholomew  Fair  in  SmithMd." 

The  singularity  consists  in  theve  not  being  a  svagle 
line  in  Sue  tract  respecting  the  auppreanon  of  tna 
fair.  My  query  is  not  with  respect  to  tiba  tract, 
but  to  know  where  is  to  be  found  the  oft-quoted 
sentence  (supposed  to  be  the  head-line)  and 
beginning    oi    a    chapter  —  the   former,    "  The 

venomous  reptiles  of " :    the   chapter 

beginning    with    tbe    avowal,    "There   are   no 

venomous  reptiles  in " 

Habrt  Sandabs. 

Oxford. 

"  As  vacant  as  tbe  face 
Of  some  lost  dial  in  a  sunless  place.*' 

The  words  have  the  tone  of  Keats  or  Shelley. 

U.  6.  N. 


"Fortior  est  qui  seyqulun  qui  UtitkaiauL  vinoit 
Oppida." 

QUJBSTOB. 

•  *'Xown<x4EDor« 

Laughter  Within  we  hear  or  woodnotes  wild, 
As  of  a  mother  singing  to  her  child.** 

W.  C.  B. 

*'  Fles  viator  me  sepoltam  ? 
Flente  sum  fdicior." 

Inqtubbb. 

Scottish  Eelzoious  Houasa.— In  BuaaeU's 
edition  of  Keith's  Scottish  Bishops  there  is  a  liat 
( f  religious  houses  prior  to  the  Reformation. 
Could  any  of  your  readers  direct  me  wheie  to 
iind  any  account  of  the  destination  or  diatributioii 
of  tlie  incomes,  many  of  them  very  large,  of  Ibeaa 
houses?  Were  they  assigned  specially  by  Act  of 
Parliament,  or  did  they  become  pnzea  to  the 
nearest  great  man  ?  What  of  those  ritutttod  in 
corporate  towns — as  Aberdeen,  Perth,  StirHngi 
Elgin,  Edinburgh;  Glasgow,  &c.  J.  G. 

Stirling. 

The  Scrape  of  Caslislb.  —  This  tenn  k 
used  in  a  letter  of  last  century  deeeribin^  the 
manor  of  the  soccage  of  the  Cfaatle  of  Ooinialep 
held  by  the  Duke  of  Portland  from  the  erown.  I 
have  consulted  Boaworth,  HidKirell,  Nirca,  and 


Wright,  In  tiidr  aafferal  gloaaniea,  wltlioat  ano- 
oeaa.  lathe  term'' 0eiftpe''known| oris it.ft=dl^ 
of  the  pen  for  "^me  "  P  U.  O.  N. 

TxHmrsoK.^Who  ia  the  anthor  Mfened  to  by 
Tennyson  in  the  following  lines  of  his  Jwi 
Memoriamt^^ 


H.B. 


•<  I  held  H  tmHi  wMl  hfan  who  sings 
To  one  el«ir  barn  In  divers  Umm, 
That  oMo  naj  ris*on  tttppiiMp-itoMs 
Of  (heir  dead  atlTM  to  higher  thbgs.** 


HisTOBT  ov  TrbkbImtootobs. — ^Itt  the 
logue  of  a  colonial  fibvary  not  i«inediataljy 
siWe  I  find  an  ontary  of  the  IbUowing  inoik— 
JOutaryofike  Tkns  LgUFamou$Immodot!$,  IMv 
Ottamano,  Mahomed  Bei,  ondSabaiaLevifBfOtl'&ISB^ 
Can  any  of  your  readers  inform  me  wnere  I  mMj 
find  any  account  of  these  worthies,  who  fromtliflir 
names,  woald  appear  to  be  Jesuit,  Turk,  and  Jew  P 

W»  R 

''  Thb  Too  Oomtnous  Kkioht." — Can  mff 
one  explain  the  third  line  in  the  following  pessuM 
from  '<The  Too  Courteous  Knight,"  toL  u.  p.  KQ^ 
Bltsott's  JnamU  Sonffs  and  Bailatk  t — 

«*  Has  koht  north,  80  did  he  iooth ; 
Haa  oould  not  find  a  privy  phMBb 
Por  all  Jay  in  tbe  devil't  moidh. 
Then  she  sang,**  Ac 

WlfiLXAK  J.  GaVBK. 
40,  Augustas  Stistt,  If  aasbsAter. 

VocABiTLABT  OF  Slavo.— I  hayo  aceimuikM 
upwards  of  forty  thousand  cant,  alaag,  figiwl^ 
and  fancy  words  and  phrases  in  eunrent  vse,  wltik 
notes  and  qnotationa  explanatory  and  amusing. 
Will  any  oiTour  readen>  assist  me  by  purchaslBg 
tbe  same  eitner  for  private  reference  or  puUioft- 
tion  P  Hbnbt  O.  Mavxov,  Nowsreaditr. 

Ulk  Watodoo  Bsad,  S. 


diterM  >i(Q  flMtoci* 

Vmb  (8^  S.  ix.  1S8)~ 

**  WhUa  the  piottd  Tlea  yoartaophin  bsait, 
AadjBBMViQCsd  walks  rWallar*s1  d^ost" 

ITiMiiftrai^Fart  I.  OutoiL  497. 

What  is  the  OMsnittg  of  this  exIoMtP  aalbiv 
doeftttiUnslnta^  if  at  aU,  the  Ubss  — 

*  I  aannet  Mag  aiy  mms  to  drop  yim 
Twist  OolapaU  ad  the  O^ymfki  wmdmJ* 

J.  WxzxnM,  BiaL. 

[Tba  word  vks  in  the  qaotalloiis  girsn  by  a«r 
reipoiidanthas  olsatly  dlArsBt  meanhigt.  DuIIm^  i 
tion  to  to  the  dsftat  of  Sir  WiBiam  WaBer  at  DevlBW  In 
WiHshfae— moia  oorrsetly  fft«  Derian,  er  alibisHaUd 
Dt  VUt  and  A*  Vim,  called  Ditmiaby  flewnss-^ 
WofSMtir,  Dkim  by  IStirbrigeBMi,  FiMbrWallsr^ 
Hfaiagfofd,  and  nikiek  appears  to  hanralalNftr 
from  Its  MriHaasiMr  aafliontly  It  was  -dlHiB^i 
the  kiBf  and  tiia  BMep  sfBalUvT.  (afi#Ba 


662 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  &  lY.  DuL  U,  "St. 


ed.  1781,  yl.  130.)  Sir  John  Denhain,  speaking  of  the 
banting  of  eight  barrels  of  gunpowder,  whereby  the 
famous  Sir  Ralph  Hopton  was  nearly  killed,  tells  us  that 

"  It  blew  him  to  the  Via,  without  beard  or  eyes, 
But  at  least  three  heads  and  a  half.*' 

Loyal  Song*  agaimt  the  Rump,  i.  107. 

The  word  vies,  as  used  by  lien  Jonson,  in  allusion  to 
the  Cotswold  Sports,  is  still  in  use  as  a  verb,  with  the 
sense  of  compete  or  challenge.  Mr.  Gifford  thus  defines 
it:  *'Tov/>,"  be  sayi*,  **was  to  hazard,  to  put  down  a 
certain  sum  upon  a  hand  of  cards  ;  to  revie  was  to  cover 
it  with  a  larger  sum,  by  which  the  challenged  became 
the  challenger,  and  was  to  be  revied  in  his  turn,  with  a 
proportionate  increase  of  stake."  See  his  note  on  Every 
Man  in  hu  Humour,  Act  iv.  Sc.  1.  Vide  <•  N.  &  Q." 
3«*  S.  vi.  299.] 

Suffragan  Bisuops. — A  discussion  has  arisen 
in  these  pages  on  the  term  ''  Metropolitan,"  as 
applied  to  episcopal  sees.  May  I  suggest  an 
inquiry  about  suiVragan  bishops,  which,  if  the 
rumour  be  correct  as  stated  in  the  public  journals^ 
will  be  a  subject  of  practical  importance,  as  well 
as  of  historical  interest  at  the  present  time  ?  When 
was  the  last  appointment  under  the  Act  of  Parlia- 
ment it  is  proposed  to  revive  P  Is  there  any  list 
of  suffragan  bishops,  and  if  so,  where  can  it  be 
found  ?  Were  they  appointed  on  the  nomination 
or  only  with  the  consent  of  the  crown  ?  Did  they 
not  take  their  titles  from  certain  towns  within 
the  dioceses  of  which  they  were  appointed  suf- 
fragans P  If  it  is  true  that  in  the  case  of  the 
diocese  of  Lincoln  the  order  is  to  be  revived,  it 
will  probably  extend  to  other  sees  ;  and  any  refer- 
ence to  works  on  the  subject  will  be  useful. 

ThOS.  E.  WllTNINGTON. 

[The  office  of  suflfragan  bishops  in  England  at  the  time 
of  the  Reformation  much  resembled  that  of  the  cliorepis- 
copi,  or  country  bishops  of  the  primitive  church.  The 
application  of  the  name,  however,  was  new ;  for  in  earlier 
times  in  England,  all  the  city  bishops,  under  their  metro- 
politan, were  called  suffragans.  The  Act  of  2G  llenry 
YIII.  c.  11,  restored  the  order  of  chorepiscopi  under  the 
name  of  suffragan  bishops.  The  bishop  of  each  diocese 
by  petition  presents  two  persons  to  the  sovereign,  who 
directs  a  mandate  to  the  archbishop  to  consecrate 
the  one  elected.  The  suffragan  thus  consecrated  was  to 
have  no  greater  authority  than  what  was  limited  to  him 
by  commission  from  the  bishop  of  the  diocese,  and  was  to 
last  no  longer.  This  Act  was  repealed  by  1  and  2  Philip 
and  Mary,  cap.  viii.,  but  was  revived  by  1  Elizabeth. 
Bishop  (ribson  mentions  Dr.  Sterne,  Suffragan  of  Col- 
chester, about  IGOG,  as  among  the  last  of  these  suffragans. 
But,  although  the  law  has  uut  been  acted  ou  in  later  times, 
it  is  still  unrepealed. 

A  valuable  tract  relating  to  this  order  will  be  found  in 
the  BibUoUieca  Topographlca  Jiritannica,  vol.  vi.  art.  15. 
It  is  entitled  **Somo  Account  of  Suffragan  Bishops  in 
England,"  Lond.  4to,  1785.    The  essay  is  by  the  Rev. 


John  Lewis  of  Margate^  and  the  list  of  ioibagani  bj  Dr. 
Ducarel,  extracted  ftom  Wbarton*a  MSS.  at  T^mbtth, 
Danaey,  in  his  /TofwJ^eoainMBAmilsi^  part  n.  Mot.!,  hat 
learnedly  discussed  the  history  of  this  order  viidar  tha 
name  of  GhorepiscopL  Consult  also  the  Ber.  William 
Stubbs^s  Regi9trMm  Sacrum  AngHeamm^  pw  14St  and 
*'N.  &  Q."  !•>  S.  v.  894;  tL  200  ;  ix.  85 ;  3»<  S.  ii.  1.88, 
91, 136.] 

SiccABDiAv  Laws  (4*^  S.  iv.  481.)  —  The 
Editor  of  ''N.  &  Q."  has  been  misled  bj  his  own 
learning  in  his  explanation  of  this  phrase.  I 
doubt  whether  any  journalist  has  eyer  heaxd  of 
Joannes  Sichardus  and  his  collection  of  the  NovtUm 
Constitutiones,  The  Nadone  alludes  to  the  anti- 
catholic  laws  enacted  by  the  pariiament  of  Tnrin 
on  the  motion  of  Siccarai,  the  ODlleague  of  OamnVy 
which  subjected  their  author  and  supportento 
papal  excommunication ;  and  Siccaidi  waa  is  con- 
sequence refused  the  sacraments  of  the  chnreh  on 
his  death-bed^  to  the  great  indignation  of  Italian 
Liberals.  TiWABa.  ' 

[Foremost  amongst  the  manifold  uses  of"  N.  &  Q.*  it 
tliat  of  determining  the  true  aoorce  of  abj  partieolBr 
iufonnation  inquired  after;  and  this  belog  so^  we  aie 
prepared  at  all  times,  along  with  oar  ftkuBQj  eon- 
tributors,  to  submit  with  thankfnlneii  to  nucfSiaiji 
correction  when  guilty  of  manifest  error,  or  be  fband 
occasionally  <*  nodding/'  like  one  infinltelj  BWie  Uliu- 
trious  than  ourselves,  and  more  especiaUy  whn  80  valued 
a  correspondent  as  Tewaks  comes  to  oar  reseiML  Upon 
maturer  reflection,  or  now  that  our  eyes  axe  mora  widdy 
opened,  we  perceive  it  is  just  possible  that  the  wriler 
in  the  Nazione  alludes,  not  to  the  medieral Jariatt  Joannes 
Sichardus,  but  to  the  modem  statesman  SiocanlL  Of  tUs, 
however,  we  are  not  absolutely  assured.  The  ilnt«MB- 
tioned  individual,  whose  labours  are  Bodoed  in  erary 
literar}'  history  of  note,  was  the  greater  personage  of  tlw 
two,  and  therefore  is  Just  as  likely  as  not  to  hare  bsca 
in  the  mind  of  the  journalist  in  quesUou  at  the  moowBt  bo 
referred  to  **  the  Siccardianlaws,**  and  which  laws  ftnther- 
more  are  still  in  force  in  many  parts  of  Soatheni  Enmpai 
VVo  are  willing  to  concede,  however,  that  the  point  in 
debate  can  be  satisfactorily  determined  only  b/  Um  who 
has  unwittingly  occasioned  it] 

Battle  at  Tbrouenne. — The  town  and  neigh- 
bourhood of  Terouennc,  or  Turwen,  in  Artoiay  WM 
the  scene  of  various  engagements  between  the 
English  and  French  in  the  reign  of  Henrr  VllJ. 
Can  any  of  your  readers  refer  me  to  any  inlbnn- 
ntion  concerning  one  which  took  plaoe  so  lata  aa 
1528  P  F.  H. 

[The  most  memorable  battle  at  Teroaenna  waa  that  ia 
which  llenry  VIII.  of  England,  the  Emperor  Masimillana 
and  the  Swiss,  entered  into  an  offensive  •m^wiyit  ■g««ait 
France.  They  invested  Terouenne  with  an  aiiqj  cf 
50,000  men ;  and  the  Dae  de  Longueville^  m^wM^  |q 
ite  relief,  was  signally  defeated  on  Angost  22. 16UL  A 
few  days  before  (Augost  16)  a  Freneh  annj. 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  25,  '69.1 


NOTES  AND  QU^B^Bip^ 


to  relieve  the  town,  was  put  to  flight  so  pred^tatdy  at 
Guinegate,  that  the  affair  ia  oommonly  known  as  tha 
Battle  of  the  Spurs,  because  the  French  used  their  ^mn 
more  than  they  did  their  noord*.  This  battle  is  noticed 
bj  Holinshed,  Chronicle  of  England,  ed.  1587,  p.  822.] 


THE  REV.  GEORGE  BENNET. 

(4'»»  S.  iv.  409.) 

Your  correspondent  is  right  in  supposing  that 
fbe  Kcv.  George  Bennet  was  a  Presbyterian 
clergyninn  in  Carlisle  towards  the  end  of  the  last 
and  the  beginning  of  the  present  century.  He 
was  a  distinguished  Hebrew  scholar,  and  one  of 
the  principal  contributors  to  the  British  Critic^ 
in  which  he  reviewed  from  time  to  time  the  works 
of  the  celebrated  English  divines.  This  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  heads  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land, and  he  became  at  an  early  period  of  his  life 
acquainted  with  many  of  their  most  eminent  men 
— with  Milner,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  and  his  brotheri 
the  historian — with  Markham,  Archdeacon  of 
Carlisle — with  Paley,  Porteus,  Nares,  and  Hors- 
ley — with  all  of  whom  he  corresponded  on  inti- 
mate t4jrms.  It  was  the  learning  which  he  dis- 
played in  his  reviews  of  their  works  that  induced 


Chriitian  fiunilj  Arom  my  own,  and  who  eeenii  to  hava  • 
different  notion  from  ihme  o^  the  propliedeB  rdatingv  as 
I  eonedve^  to  the  final  ireetonition  of  the  Jewiah  natfcn." 

Your  correspondent  inquires  whether  Mr,  Ben-" 
net  has  published  any  otber  works.    I  haye  oner 
lying  before  me,  entiUed  A  Diaplay  of  ike  SpirH 
andjDesiffHS  of  tho9e  who,  under  pretext  of  a  JKa- 
form,  mm  at  ^  Subvereum  of  the  Conetituiion  and 
Oovemment  of  this  KtngdomfVfith  a  DefeiMe  ofEe^^ 
deeiadicalEstahUshmenU.  (Carlisle,  1796.)  It  was 
published  at  the  moment  wat  we  were  threatened 
with-  a  reyolution,  such  as  had  taken  place  in 
France,  and  it  brought  him  at  once  into  the  coon- 
cila  and  friendship  of  all  who  were  supporters  of 
the  British  Gonstitntion.   His  friends  in  the  Kd^ 
lish  Church  were  anxious  that  he  should  jom 
them,  but  he  preferred  a  settlement  among  hUr 
o\m  countrjrmeui  and  Archdeacon  Markbam  then 
applied  to  his  brother-in-law,  the  Earl  of  Mans- 
field, who  appointed  him  to  the  parish  of  Stmtli* 
mifflo  in  File,  where  he  passed  many  years,  dyin^ 
in  1836  in  his  eighty-fifUi  year. 

Cbavfurd  Tait  RAiuea: 


In  answer  to  the  query  of  Mb.  Johx  Badoi^ 


I  q[u 
respecting  the  Rer.  John  Bennet,  author  of  a 
learned  work  on  the  Intermediate  State,  I  anL 
enabled  to  supply  certain  particnlars  of  infomuK 
lion.  Mr.  Beimet  ministered  for  maanr  years  at 
Bishop  Ilorsley  and  other  eminent  men  of  the  j  Carlisle,  in  a  chiqpel  connected  with  tne  Church. 
Church  of  England  to  inquire  of  Archdeacon  of  Scotland ;  he  was  aftcorwuds  translated  to  the* 
Nnres,  the  editor  of  the  British  Critic,  to  whom  parish  of  Strathmigk),  in  the  PMbytery  of  Oupttv 
thej  were  indebted  for  such  luminous  articles,  Fifeshire.  He  died  in  October,  I8w ;  and  nia 
and  they  were  surprised  to  find  that  it  was  to  one  funeral  sermon  was  preached  by  the  Bot.  John 
who  laboured  in  a  small  Presbyterian  congregation    Anderson,  minister  ofr^ewbnigh,  afterwards  D.D.^ 


in  Carlisle. 

Bishop  Horsley,  in  his  learned  work  entitled 
Hoseoy  translated  from  the  Hebrew,  with  notes 
explanatory  and  critical  by  Samuel,  Lord  Bishop 
of  Rochester  (London,  1801),  has  recorded  the 
following  strong  testimony  to  the  merits  of  the 
work,  to  which  your  correspondent  refers,  On  the 
Intermediate  State : — 


and  anthor  of  ne  Couree  of  Qreation.  That  dis- 
course was  printed,*  a  copy  is  now  before  me. 
Dr.  Anderson  describes  his  deceased  friend  a* 
liaying  been  a  contributor  to  the  leading  Reyie  wi^ 
and  as  haymg  eijoyed  the  friendship  oi  Blahop»^ 
Horsley  and  Porteoi^  Bean  lliClner,  Archdeacon 
Marsham,  and  other  dignitaxies  of  the  Church  ot 
England.    I)r.  Anderson  also  lunts  that  if  he  had 


*^  I  have  the  satiafaction  to  find  that,  with  respect  to  !  chosen  to  desert  his  prindj^es,  he  would  hjive 
tiio  distinct  proper  senses  of  the  words  Sheol  and  iSe&M,  ,  obtained  prefisrment  inthe  English  ChuTOh.  lllif 
nnd  in  the  interpretation  of  the  mysterions  text  of  St.  .  is  Strictly  correct.  Such  WIS  the  high  Opinioa 
ivtpr'8  First  Epistle,  as  far,  at  least,  as  the  general  pcin-  !  entertained  of  Ml*  Bennet  by  Bishop  EUxiaLsrn 
dple  is  concerned,  I  have  the  concurrence  of  ajrery  ^j^^  ^j^^  ^^^  offered  to  seoure  hun  a  hidl 
karned  writer,  the  Rev.  Geoiige  Bennet,  rohiister  of  the  ^^^  .  ..  f  A««1^-«  nkn^t.  K«*  1.i^  Mvmj^tsLvmJrtn. 
CJospel  at  Carlisle,  in  a  book  entiUed,  Oiam  HamiMhemoih  ;     office  in  the  Anglican  OhUTCh,  bttt  he  PTOferied  tj 

nr  a  View  of  the  Intermediate  State,  which  was  published    dwell  among  biaowtt  people.   Ason  ofthiaMmea' 


about  the  very  time  these  sheets  were  committed  to  the 
press.  It  is 'a  work  of  various  erudition  and  deq>  re- 
search ;  and  a  reader  must  bo  veiy  learned  who  finds  not 
much  in  it  to  instruct  him;  very  dull,  if  he  ia  not  de- 
lighted with  the  ingenuity  that  is  dL>plaved  even  in  those 
parts  in  which  he  may  see  reason  to  doubt  the  sdUdi^  of 
the  autlior*s  argument  and  the  truth  of  his  interpreta- 
tions ;  and  very  captious,  if  in  a  variety  of  novel  ex- 
positions, many  of  which  he  may  think  inadmianble^  ha 
tends  anything  to  give  him  offence.  I  take  a  partlovlar 
pleasure  in  bearing  this  testimony  to  the  moita  of  an 
author  whom  I  suspect  to  be  of  a  diifcmii  brandi  of  the 


derffyman,  the  Bey,  Andrew  Bennet^  D  J>.,  is* 
minister  of  Clofiebam^  Domfrieashire,  and  hiatwo. 
grandsoDSi  George  and  Richard,  are  proepeiaiiB' 
merchanta  In  the  City  of  London. 

Chabibs  BoffiBBS,  LL.D. 
Snowdonn  TiUa,  Lewlaham,  8.E. 

This  genflaman  was  a  Pkeabyterian  ministiriii 
Cailiale,  m  eonneetion  with  the  ehuich  of  Seodeadt 
at  the  ti— hepttblishcdOfam  JgiwsiHeMistfl ;  sr, » 


664 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4*  S.  IT.  Daa  S6^  "WU 


View  of  the  Intermediate  State.  He  subsequently 
became  minister  of  the  parish  of  Strathmiglo,  in 
Fifeshire,  and  died  there  in  October,  1835.  From 
a  funeral  sermon  preached  on  the  occasion  of  his 
death  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Anderson,  minister  of 
Newburgh;  and  afterwards  published,  I  learn  that 
Mr.  Beunet  was  author  of  a  shorter  work  entitled 
A  Defence  of  the  Monarchy  and  Beliginue  Eetalh' 
ishmentSf  as  well  as  of  articles  on  biblical  criticism 
II  the  British  Critic.  From  the  same  authority 
I  learn  that  he  was  on  terms  of  intimacy  with 
Milner,  the  historian,  with  Paley,  Porteus,'Nares, 
and  Horsley,  more  than  one  of  whom  urged  him 
by  letter  to  follow  out  the  subject  of  his  first  and 
largest  work.  The  llev.  Dr.  Bennet,  minister  of 
Cloeebum,  D  umfriesshire,  is  his  eldest  son.  A.  L. 
Newburgh-on-Tay. 


Here  is  the  root  of  Gtranta  j  the  livw 
or  nearly  so,  the  modem  comitieB  of  Hmti^ 
Cambs,  and  Sofiblk ;  t.A, it  does  not  aetiiAUypD 
round  them,  but  it  is  situated  jiufc  wlMie  wm 
comers  join. 

If  this  be  admitted,  it  follows  that  Cam  ntUf 
is  the  older  word. 

Cam  I  adopt  as  the  poper  name  for  ihejamt 
stream ;  it  takes  its  origin  from  the  remarnUe 
twists  taken  by  this  stream  just  where  Camhridy 
is,  where  are  two  or  three  backwatera  that  tw&t 
around  :  Cam,  "  bendinff.  twisting."  Hera  w» 
find  Cambo-itum ;  the  ford  at  the  bend  of  tiha 
river,  when  as  yet  the  bridge  was  not.  Ouar 
bori^um  and  Camboricum  may  be  conTertihlaf 
Dugdale  calls  Canrium,  Cancium.  A.  TfATJii 

2,  Brmuwick  Terrace,  Brixton  HBL 


CAMBRIDGE. 
(4'»»  S.  iv.  401.) 

I  differ  with  Mr.  Chakce  in  his  laboured  con- 
clusion that  Cambridge  is  a  corruption  of  Granta- 
bridge,  and  respectfully  request  his  attentive  con- 
■ideration  of  Camden's  words : — 

"  Nor  am  I  apt  to  believe  that  Cam  was  ever  fonned 
out  of  Grant,  for  tliis  is  a  change  too  forced  and  strained, 
where  all  the  letters  are  lost  but  one." 

In  spite  Sf  the  learning  and  industry  of  the  pre- 
sent day,  we  have  not  many  Camdens. 

Mb.  (JiiAXCE  seeks  to  throw  u]>on  his  opponents 
the  burden  of  proof  that  Cam  is  an  olaer  river 
name  among  us  than  Granta.     Be  it  so. 

The  river  in  question  is  a  confluent  of  the  Ouse, 
and  has  three  important  heads  or  sources.  One, 
which,  for  the  sake  of  argument,  I  will  venturo  to 
call  the  Cam  proper,  rises  at  or  near  Ashwell,  near 
Baldock,  in  Herts ;  it  is  locally  called  the  Khee, 
and  flows  directly  on,  past  Camorid^,  to  the  Ouse. 
On  its  way,  near  Grantchester,  it  receives  an 
affluent,  which  I  will  call  the  Granta ;  this,  the 
second  source  of  the  entire  stream,  rises  at  or  near 
Newport,  near  Saffron- Walden,  in  Essex.  At  or 
near  Shelford,  in  Cambs,  it  receives  an  affluent, 
which  I  will  venturo  to  call  the  Len,  because  it 
appears  to  have  given  a  name  to  Lintou,  a  small 
place  in  Cambs ;  this,  the  third  head  or  source  of 
the  entire  river,  rises  near  Ashdon,  the  ancient 
Assanduno  in  Essex. 

Cam,  Ilhec,  and  Len  may  all,  I  think,  bo  called 
Celtic  words ;  Cam  having  given  a  name  to  Cam- 
boritum  or  Camboricura,  otherwise  Cambridge; 
but  Granta  is,  1  think,  a  Saxon  word,  applied  by 
the  Saxons,  and  used  by  them  to  supersede  the 
older  Celtico-Roman  names. 

What,  then,  is  Granta?  I  consider  it  to  be 
the  Anglicised  form  of  a  common  Teutonic  word ; 
we  have  grdnze  in  German  for  "  bound,  border, 
limit,  confine,  frontier ; "  in  Swedish  it  is  grtens ; 
in  Danish  it  is  grtendse. 


FILIUS  NATUBALIS :  BOETHWICK  PKKRAffR* 


In  the  conrse  of  the  proceedings  in  tha  OMa  of 
the  Duke  of  Roxburghe  itf unat  Qenaral  Kvy  b 
which  Mr.  Riddell  fruiUeesly  endeaTOOXad  to 
persuade  the  Court  of  Session  and  Houae^f 
that^itM  camalia  meant  a  bastaid 
amination  of  the  whole  charters  in  tha 
of  the  Great  Seal  from  June  1488  to  Angnst  161A 
was  made,  and  the  result  was  that  toaie  van- 
found  665  instances  ''of  persons  daMgBedJUMB or 
/ilia,  either  as  granterS|  grantees,  oonsentoiai  wifr- 
nesses,  or  as  mentioned  narratiye  in  the  chaitwi 
wheroof — 

'*  The  instances  of  fliiu  or  fiHa  with  the  acUmet 
of /ueres  tqiparemt,  amounted  to         .        ,        • 

and  of  filiut  ov  filia  simply,  withoat  any  sndl 
addition  or  a4)unct     ...... 


But,  adds  the  roporter,  not  one  single  ii 
occurs  oifiUus  or,/ma  with,  the  adjunct  of  ~ 
or  legitima. 

Does  not  this  prove  to  demonstration  tlut  whoft 
Alexander  is  called  in  deeds  the  eon  of  WiHuun 
Lord  Borthwick  from  1488  to  1513,  he  moat  have 
been  understood  in  Scotland  as  bom  in  wedlock; 

As  Alexander  was  married  and  liad  a  aon  t» 
heir  his  estate,  what  benefit  was  it  for  lum  to^ 
apply  for  and  get  a  precept  or  charter  of  legitiai^ 
tion,  as  under  his  fathers  charter  the  Nenthom 
lands  wero  entailed  on  his  issue  male  P  It  wi% 
moreover,  not  letters  of  legitimation  to  paaa  nunr* 
able  effects  that  were  proposed  to  be  imied^  list 
a  precept  or  charter  to  enable  the  benefioiaij  to^ 
disinherit  his  son — an  act  which  the  entaO  pro- 
Tented  him  from  doing. 

That  one  Alexander  Borthwiok  m  J6baattm 
made  such  an  application  is  nndonblsd;  iviflAsr 
any  Crown  precept  foUowed  does  not  jqppaar.  'H» 

^  CoQclnded  ftom  pi.  606. 


4«»S.1V.  D«c.26,'6».l 


NOTES  AND  QUBBIES. 


666 


IB  not  described  except  as  living  in  Jdhnstoo,  un- 
doubtedly in  1511  a  small  Tillage  upon  the  eatftte 
oow  called  Johnstonburn,  at  no  great  diatanee 
from  Edinburgh.  The  Borthwioka  having  many 
Alexanders  amongst  them,  some  undoubtedly  ille- 
ffitimate,  there  is  a  nrobability  that  the  application 
for  a  precept  may  nave  been  made  by ''  Maister 
Alexander  JBorthwick,"  burgess  of  lEkUnburgh, 
who  upon  July  23, 1511,  became  bound  before 
the  Lords  of  Council  to  make  payment  of  the 
''  Maills  of  the  Mylne  "  of  Reidhall  to  Sir  Wil- 
IdBm  Cunoinghame  of  Glencaim,  who  appears  to 
have  been  his  landlord.  He  ia  more  likely  to 
have  been  the  real  Simon  Pure  than  any  illegiti- 
mate son  of  a  Lord  of  BorthwicL 

What  was  the  meaning  in  the  fifteenth  and 
sixteenth  century  of  the  word  to  which  the  Laird 
of  Cruikston  and  his  advisers  attached  so  much 
importance  ? 

The  adjective  naturaUs  has  been  asserted  by  a 
reverend  and  learned  gentleman  to  have  been  tmi^ 
jformly  used  in  Scotland  to  indicate  bastaxdjr. 
From  this  allegation  we  beg  to  dissent,  and  posi- 
tively to  assert  directly  the  reverse.  At  the  very 
period  to  which  the  fictitious  Cruikston  docu- 
ments were  intended  to  refer,  it  meant  lawful 
birth  both  in  England  and  Scotland. 

In  Cooper's  Thesaurm  Latinae  LmgtUB  dedicated 
to  Robert  Dudley  Earl  of  Leicester,  the  favourite 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  like  her  majesty  on  excel- 
lent Greek  and  Latin  scholar, ^fSlnis  naturaUi  ia 
thus  translated :  ''  One's  lawftJ  or  nahtral  tonne 
of  his  owNE  BOBYE  BEOOTTBN."  This  work  was 
one  of  general  authoritv,  and  continued  for  more 
than  a  century  to  be  the  authorised  dictionarv  of 
the  Latin  tongue.  Filius  naturalis  was  used  in 
<iontradi9tinction  to  JUius  adoptivus,  "son  by 
adoption" ;  JiUua  spiritualise  '^son  in  the  spirit/'  but 
naturalis  occurred  only  when  legitimacy  waa^  in- 
dicated. The  Romans  had  a  particular  and  fixed 
term  to  denote  a  bastard,  who  was  by  them  called 
nothus. 

In  Scotland  hastarduSj  at  the  time  mentioned 
and  long  before,  was  the  ordinary  deaiflnation  of 
an  illegitimate  son.  Alexander,  Earl  of  Mar^ 
vrhojjxire  uxoris,  became  possessed  of  that  title 
by  his  marriage  with  Isabella  Counteaa  of  Mar 
in  her  own  right,  was  the  illegitimate  son  of 
the  Wolf  of  Badenoch,  and  is  called  l^  Bower 
(the  continuator  of  Fordun)|  not  NaturaHM.  but 
Bagtardus ;  Ilector  Boethius,  the  eulogist  ot  tills 
very  remarkable  man,  in  like  manner  calls  him 
''  ane  hastart  son  of  Alexander  Earl  of  BuchaiL"* 

In  the  year  1518  certain  proceedingi  took  plaea 
showing  that  the  word  naiuraUs  waa  used  in  the 
same  sense  as  rendered  by  Cooper  in  his  2%#- 
saurus.  Alexander  Duke  of  Albany  had  miiiifld 
the  Lady  Catherine  Sindair,  a  daughter  of  the 

^  See  Bellenden's  Tnmslaiitm  ofJEUeea,  v«L  il.  p»  M7. 


Earlof  Oaithneaa,  After  the  birth  of  a  son.  Alas- 
ander,  aftervraxds  made  Commendator  of  Inoh" 
a&ay,  the  royal  dulra  found  out  that  the  dueihesB 
waa  within  the  forbidden  degreeaof  conaaogiilnitj'y 
and  thus  waa  able  to  diflsolve  the  conneofciAtt^  tte 
did  so,  and  thereafter  espoused  ik»  Ladjr/'  A^fnts 
of  Bulloigne/'  by  whom  ha  had  Johny,  who  be- 
came Begent  of  Sontland  duxing  tibe  miDODigp;  of 
James  V. 

The  piooeedings  xelatiT^  to  the  divoree  ware 
brought  befbre  and  ratified  by  ParliMaent,  and  itt 
an  Ajot passed  for  the purpnaeof  vaUdating what 
had  been  done^  the  Begent,  tiiea  next  heir  of  the 
down,  was  descnbed^  as  the  otdy  mhtral  and 
kn^td  son  of  the  deceased  Alexiodar  Duke  of 
Albany.  On  the  other  hand,.the  son  of  theOold 
by  the  Lady  Katherine  Sinclair  was  styled^  a 
basUund  ''Sone  of  the  saidis  umquhile  Ales- 
ander  and  Katherine  and  8a4%  (should)  be  repot 
bora  hadard  and  mdegUimaU  he  ony  maniaMb" 
In  this  way  the  yomaer  child  is  represented  as 
the  ffoters/ and  UnpMimtimmK^HkgUimmjaUi 
son  of  the  deeessed  Duke  Aleocsoder,  whilst  tiM 
epithet  fMtev/ is  Moe  applied  to  Ins  elder  brothei^ 
who  is  termed  a  **  basteid  "  and  illegitimate. 

Aooording  to  your  OQmspondcnty,''N.  k  Q." 
p.a24,  <'Inthe  popular  phraseolo«y of  SeotkadL 
bastards  have  m  Sootlaod  been  dengnated  iM«Mraii 
childrnifiromlMieMMiMMrM"  Kovifthisha 
oonect^  then  tha  Duke  of  Albeny  was  bjs  ActoC 
Pariiaaient  dedaied  at  onoe  to  be  illegitlteeiteeai 
lawful— a  most  eaEtnordineij  conditun  of  sMm 
sssuredlj.  If  in  1618  nwimaU§'  aean^  as  Ooonev 
rendds,  the  legitimate  issue  of  a  nuHiWoim  bedif^ 
how  came  the  meaning  to  be  ohaaged  neiKt  oen« 
tunrP 

It  ne?er  wis  so  chsnged^  and  the  reiBwnce  lb 
the  entiy  in  the  QtntJt  oesl  reoord  quoted  piofna 
directly  tha  opponte  of.  what  the  learned  wiitee 
pnmoeea  to  eeteUishi  The  Queen  grente  letteoir 
of  legitimalien  to  Watter  Galhraitib,  ahuimd, 
the  naftirsl  son  of  his  oiAi  body  bipitten  br 
the  deoeased  Andrew  of  Sihmuch.  OaUmW 
WIS  evidantl^  tha  mother's  nemei  and  ha  wisn 
''basterdy"  although  bsfotten  hg^  Andiaer  aC 
yjlemneii.  If  wajarstt  had  beenengnentto  pwifa 
Hkgitimsny,  what  nofekm  wis  tlMD»  te  di» 
flignatiaf  Widter  as  a '' hMteri  "  P 

If  tha  WMtewtandingi  in  the  reign  of  Qtwin 
Ifaiy.  waa  thnt  julii  lifi  wm  indieativn  of  ~ 
taidy,  itaonld  asl^^aiBr  the  oasa  of  Alhsny. 
been-  aensiiiiid  so  in  tha  xeign  q£  her  f^ 
AalitllaeonldU  be  so  held  in  tfas  reign  oC 
son,  wIm>  in-  tha  Onnend  eentowiaer 
wwdpecieeiy  in  the  sensanwen  to  hrb; 
As  hia^msMf  waa  an>aMh«Ua  Sbi 
Latin  sshefM^.Ma  nsMS  el  tha  wad 
tha  sense  In  wldak  ha  did,  W9  a»  iMlly^ifc^ 
dined  to  thinl^is  <^aT«»^V  eBttdad-io. 
ildsntfony^aaMeUfa  ea^  iImi 


5«6 


NOTES  AND  QUERIE& 


[4*  a  1 V.  Dbcs.  15^ 


mittee  haT6  recently  conatraed  uahuxiltt  in  the 
same  way  as  his  majesty  had  done. 

The  quotation  by  Mb.  Bates  is  condusiTe  as 
to  the  UAe  in  1480  of  the  word  natwal  when  ap- 
plied to  a  son  or  daughter  in  the  south.  In  the 
Koxburghe  legitimation  cause,  carnalis — a  more  j 
suspicious  word — was  apnlied  to  General  Ker*s  j 
ancestor,  Mark  Ker  of  Dolphington ;  but  all  the  i 
research  even  of  Riddell  was  insufficient  to  con-  I 
yince  the  judges  in  Scotland  or  England  that  it 
meant  illegitimacy.  In  truth,  until  a  compara-  . 
tively  modem  time,  children  bom  out  of  wedlock  ; 
were  uniformly  denominated  bastards.  Not  one  j 
of  the  older  law  authorities,  in  treating  of  ille- 
gitimacy, uses  any  other  term. 

Where  letters  of  legitimation  issue,  it  matters 
not  how  the  party  is  designated,  for  the  fact  of 
applying  for  them  is  per  se  proof  of  bastardy.    It 
signifies  nothing  whether  the  grantee  is  or  is  not 
called  naUtraUs  or  carnalis,    K  so  denominated,  it 
only  marks  distinctly  that  he  was  begotten  by 
the  man  named  as  his  father.     In  these  letters  of  | 
legitimation — for  the  ancient  charters  or  precepts  j 
Are  obsolete — the  patemity  was,    and  probably  j 
now  is,  regularly  mentioned. 

At  the  Reformation  almost  all  the  records  of  I 
the  proceedings  before  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts  | 
perished,  or  at  least  cannot  now  be  traced,  with 
the  exception  of  the  book  of  Saint  Andrews  *,  from 
which  the  late  Lord  Medwyn,  one  of  the  Judges 
of  the  Court  of  Session,  extracted  the  most  in- 
teresting entries.  There  bastardtts  and  hadardice 
are  the  legal  expressions  invariably  employed  to 
^denote  bastardy. 

It  may  be  remarked  that,  amongst  the  deeds 
on  record  of  the  Borth wicks,  one  named  Gavin 
-Borthwick,  of  Fenton,  in  his  letters  of  legitima- 
tion dated  in  1537,  is  called  bastardus  naturalis 
of  the  decea£ed  William  Lord  Borthwick,  mean- 
ing thereby  that,  although  he  was  begotten  of  the 
body  of  his  lordship,  he  was  notwithstanding, 
illegitimate.  KJUius  naturalis  had  the  meaning 
uttached  to  it  by  your  correspondent,  where  was 
the  necessity  of  adding  bastardus  to  fix  Gavin 
Borthwick  with  illegitiiuacy  P 

In  fine,  we  believe  that  Jilins  or  JUiOy  during 
the  iifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries,  uniformly 
denoted  children  of  lawful  birth  ;  that^^W  car- 
tudis  indicated  a  son  of  the  fiesh,  and  did  not 
denote  bastardy ;  that  Jilius  natttralis  meant,  as 
Cooper  translates  it,  '^  one's  lawful  or  natural  son 
of  his  own  body  begotten  " ;  and  that  during  the 
same  period  the  proper  designation  of  an  illegiti- 
mate child  was  bastardus  or  badarday  according  to 
the  sex.  When  a  person  is  termed ^/m«  tiatttralis 
et  legitimes,  as  occurs  in  the  instance  of  the  Duke 
of  Albany,  the  words  mean  the  natural  and  law- 
fully begotten  issue  of  the  parent. 

*  See  Uber  OJicialii  Semcta  Andree,  Edinburgh,  18 15. 


The  Mwrtion  by  Avaio-Soonm  tlwft  tijfc 
Cniiktton  family  were  desoeodantB  of  the  LQvd» 
Borthwick  is  erroneous.  They  are  ^mnjljvBKh 
derstood  to  have  derived  their  origin  fram  •* 
brother  or  uncle  of  the  first  baron  of  the  uaii^ 
and  thus  are  not  in  the  line  of  the  peerage. 

J.IL 


If  Dr.  Roosbs  is  able  to  subatantiete  thfttAiir 
naturaiis  during  the  reign  of  Mary  Qoeen  of  8oot% 
that  is  about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  centmrf^ 
was  the  ''  usual  designation ''  of  a  beatudi  he  hat 
been  very  unfortunate,  to  say  the  least,  in  the  eis- 
ample  cited  in  1558,  because  the  uae  there  of  tihe 
word  battardo  applied  to  William  Gelhndth  WM 
necessary  to  show  in  terms  that  he  wis  bom  out  of 
lawful  wedlock,  besides  or  beyond  the  use  cijUA 
naturali  which  followed ;  otherwise  batUrda  was 
an  absolute  and  palpable  redandancy,  not  to  be 
presumed.  The  use,  as  it  seems  dear,  of  nafMrwIii 
Jilius  did  not  and  was  not  intended  to  denots 
whether  the  ofiVpring  was  legitimate  or  the  xeTeiM^ 
all  the  meaning  conveyed  being  that  the  son  wee 
*'  descended  of  the  body"  of  the  parent  mentiioned. 
Many  examples  might  be  cited  whereTUws  tudm 
raids  was  applied  to  a  son  lawfaL  dnring  the 
fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries.  In  the  other 
example  (p.  374),  Lady  Latimer  had  two  eons. 
between  whom  she  desired  her  body  to  be  in- 
terred ;  but  the  one  was  described  se  futharai  ham 
that  is,  descended  of  her  body,  whether  lawfully 
or  unlawfully— and  the  other  e  son  te  low,  or  one 
by  afiinity.  EenDAU* 

EMPLOTEE. 
(4«»  S.  iv.  40a) 

The  suggestive  query  of  Uneda.  of  Philndelphis^ 
if  it  be  not  time  that  this  word  should  be  fully 
adopted  into  English  and  spelt  thosi  instead  of  in 
the  f'rench  form  with  an  accent^  appears  deeaffing 
of  an  affirmative  answer.  To  his^  list  of  donee^ 
grantee,  mortgagee,  as  corresponding  to  donor, 
grantor,  mortga^r,  we  may  add  the  word  payee 
as  having  been  introduced  through  the  powerfid 
infiuence  of  the  Post  Office,  its  money-oraer  fonna 
having  made  it  familiar  to  the  world  as  any  other 
household  word. 

At  the  fourth  session  of  the  Intematioiial  Sta- 
tistical Congress,  held  in  London  in  1860,  the  late 
Sir  K.  Bromley,  Accountant-General  of  tiie  Naryi 
had,  as  well  as  mveelf,  to  propose  certain  reeohE- 
tions  {vide  n.  370  of  Bepwi,  printed  for  H.  M7a 
Stationery  Office,  1861)  as  to  the  classifieatioii|  in 
similar  categories,  of  the  naval  mnplofi9  under  al 
governments.  Upon  this,  the  president  of  our 
section.  Lord  Stanhope,  observed: — 

*•  If  you  will  not  think  me  hypercritioal,  aa  I  toofc 
I  objection  to  something  as  to  Englian,  now  I  will  take  aa 
i  objection  to  something  as  to  foreign.    Why  shodd  we 


i^-aiV.  D«;.«i,'B.] 


HOTES  AX(J>  QUEBIE8. 


nNlhctermciiviIdywr    ItMnk  It  would  iM  b«t  ti>s*ll 
Ihcni  Hnoni  uuplttTtil  in  tb«  TuiOBi  d^utmuU  of  tb* 

Hia  lotdBbip'a  sua^esdon  wu  wilUnglT  adopted 
(yui«  p.  168  of  S^orC)  \  but  still  »a  unpreMion 

was  left  on  our  miada  that  we  ahould  be  glad  to 


THOMAS  OUltIID& 

{4*S.iT.391.) 

Lon  of  fntb  and  of  aoonrm  so  tliorongUT 

infloanoea  Aa  manHement  of  "  K.  ft  Q."  that.! 

beliare  I  iball  be  padotMd  if  I  reatnn  to  intndt 

a  few  eoneotiau  avanwithin  the  aacaad  dn 


I  of  the  round'about  phraae  of  "penoiu 
emplojed,"  particularly  as  the  word  "peison*" 
here  seems  to  conTe^  a  Dotion,  fanciful  thoughit 
maj  be,  of  depredatioa  in  the  social  scale. 

A  foreigner  who  was  present  on  the  occaaian 
above  referred  to  was  good  euougb  to  send  me,  in 
writing,  his  own  reflections  upon  the  diacuadon 
on  this  word,  and  more  espedallj  with  reference 
to  the  alternatiTB  that  had  occurred  to  me  of  the 
term  "salaried  officers"  instead  of  mmloj/ii.  It 
appears  from  what  he  stated,  that  so  far  as  cod- 
cema  countries  which  use  the  French  Unguage, 
les  employii  (clerks)  of  the  goTernment,  or  of 
public  or  private  administrations,  would  feel  rather 
offended  by  the  word  taiariS,  to  eipress  what  they 
aro  paid.  Their  salary  is  called  appoadtmentt,  so 
mucn  a  year.  Les  ouvrier*  (workmen)  have  a 
aalaire,  so  much  a  day.  Lei  domatiqutM  (servants) 
have  de$  gagtt,  so  much  a  year  or  a  month.  Lta 
perionna  rtokuet  ttun  emphi  kwu>r\fiqne,  <m 
exer^tU  une  fondion  on  tm  emploi  graimt  (un- 
paid),  are  generally  called  fonoHimnnire*,  or  alM 
the  word  employi  ia  not  used  in  general  for  them. 

Appruprintely  to  this  topic,  it  may  be  intereat- 
ing  to  note,  that  at  the  same  CongTMS  one  of  our 
most  honoured  scientific  veterans,  Mr.  Babbage 
(whom,  by  the  way,  I  saw  two  days  ago  at  the 
meeting  of  an  important  sodety  of  whi^  be  was 
one  of  the  founders  thirty-five  years  since),  recom- 
mended (bat  England  ihould  invite  the  United 
States,  and  our  own  coloniea  jointly,  to  undertake 
the  following  taaka : — 

"  1.  A  completa  Engluh  diclionary  of  aU  words  ia 
geoers]  use  in  uch  district. 

"3.  Unt  or  Ibli  collection  ■  grtat  Eitgliih  dictionary 
in[(rbt  be  lormei  irith  two  supplcmenu.     Thi  fint  *np- 

Element  to  conniit  of  irordi  becoming  obsolete  or  now 
llle  VKi  ;  the  Mcotid  of  voidi  coining  into  ow,  bat  not 
ytt  euKcicntly  established  to  Joitify  insertion  in  thi  lint 
editioD  oF  tbe  threat  dictionary. 

*■  3.  Td  lay  down  Uwa  for  the  adaption  of  new  Isrmi 
wlien  rfouiretl,  and  for  Ihe  fonnation  Dfall  tlwIrdeTlva- 
it  inquii7  would  be  the  moat  important,  and 

u.  c^..  ..  1 ^dertaken. 

twenty  years,  aaiendsd  edtUou 
of  Iheie  dictinnariet  ahoold  be  prepared  and  paljUabad." 
(  Rtport  of  iMemiUiinal  Staiittieal  Omgrtu,  p,  8»1.) 

Had  this  scheme  of  Mr.  Babbage's  bean  acted 
upon,  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  wind 
"employee"  would  by  this  present  timo  Itan 
passed  from  the  second  of  the  suggested  anpjda- 
inentfi  into  tbe  body  of  the  dictionary,  and  tana 
have  received  its  full  letters  of  naturafiaalMn. 

Fkedx.  Hsrsxin. 

Kenaington. 


of  the  editorial  Igndata.  The  titia  of  \ 
7VM^s*a^.Jwrfom»BlMii>g  printed  in  italici,  ft* 
nadn  might  be  led  to  aamxiM  that  the  oripaal 
wo  A  waa  an  EngUdi  tmatiaa,  whereM  it  was  fink 
pobliabed  in  LaSn  at  Basel  jnot  Padua*)  ia  IMS. 
A seoMid  edition appaand  nom  the aame pniia- 
that  of  Opcrinns  (HeibatF)  in  1666,  and  ft  tUid 
in  1663.  Tbe  work  waa  reprinted  at  many  other 
placaa,  and  in  variou  languagea ;  but  I  neod  not 
j  now  ^  larthar  into  thia  matter.  In  the  laiiia 
year  m  wUcb  tha  flnt  edition  waa  pnbliahe^ 


acopT  of  thia  abritoneot,  vliich  ia  now  ■>  __ 
me ;  it  ia  a  nrj  uin  folio,  of  onljr  tweutj-on* 
pages,  ■"'•'"■<'Tig  tlia  wood-out  title,  and  it  ha» 
01^  nine  anatomical  figures.  The  titla-patM^  lika 
that  of  the  larger  work,  temaenta  Veaaliua  in 
the  act  of  leetinng  on  a  dean  bodjr  to  a  erawd  of 
aiiditiiri,andacHtondMBBar  the  bottom  of  Oo 
angnnu  bsan  the  following  wtnda :-  ~ 

Ves^ii  ^qxcUmiml  aobolv  mediomtn 
ntobsaorii^  aooium  do  humaid  coiporia  1 
ubramm  opitoina."     ^Dimi  fiiUoira  n  dedj 
to  Prince  ^i^datad  "  Patorii,  1S41I."    AtAt 
and  of  tha  Tohmi»— **  Banlea^  «x  offioina  Joamda 
Opfnini,  anno  1648,  manse  Junio." 

I  now  pioeead  to  anawer  a  queatlon  of  Bib  T.  K 
Winn>fln»'a;  and  will  ooiMlnde  by  piopoug 
ooeof  my  own. 

The  wtA  of  Qeminna  is  not  an  original  tmm 
noi  is  it  a  flill  teprint  of  Teaalins'a  voluma  of 
164SL  but  a  oompandinm  of  it,  aa  Qeniiw  az* 
prsasly  atalM  in  his  pnEue  and  im^iee  in  Ua 
titla.  I  ban  n  copy  of  thia  mj  me  book 
which  ii  ivtanatiiv  aa  affording  an  ezamida  of 
the  flrat  lolliog-preaa  printing  over  exaentad  In 
England ;  imlnss.  indaad,  an  ttriin  inataiw  mta 
bo  found  in  BanoUo's  SfiA  mf  Mrnkfrnft. 
Geminns  '™'T''r'  the  worir,  and  eagmfM  tta 

a  tea,  but  d2  not  execute  tha  piiating  of  Aa 
tx^nm.    ^nia  title,  which  is  aagnTO* 


UbiU  in  tiw  onti*  th«  lojal 
and  aroond  thMO  an  amblemati 


ffratata  pei  Thontaoi  Qamnuin,  Loadini.  -  XM 
dedication  to  KiwHauT  VIU-  following  Ac 
litl^  is  signed  •^Thomaa  OemiDna,  I^Meorfit 
La^lni,iwito  ctfendM  Octobiti,  anw  UU." 


[•  Wsvsniddsdlnr  Bryan (iW* nrJWfcSwi ■*< 
Jjyartltwfco  stales  ttsfVt^lW  .Initio  was  tot 
priitod  atMaa  la  IMt.-— Bp.] 


568 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


[4»  &  IV.  Daa  S6,  W. 


At  the  end  of  the  volume — "  L#ondiiii  in  officina 
Joanni  [sic]  Ilerfordie,  anno  Domini  1546,  menae 

Octobri." 

I  conclude  with  two  queries: — What  is  the 
English  of  Lysiensis  ?  what  nationality  does  it 
imply?  **G«minu8"  of  the  Latin  edition  be- 
comes in  the  English  ones  "  Gemini ;  "  so  I  sup- 
pose he  was  an  Italian.  Where  can  I  find  any 
notice  of  him,  beyond  such  as  relates  to  his  being 
the  engraver  of  these  plates  after  Vesalius  P  He 
was  probably  a  physician  as  well  as  an  artist. 

J.  DiXOH. 

DID  DRAKE  INTRODUCE  POTATOES? 

(4»«»  S.  iv.  430.) 

Tradition  is  not  history,  because  history  may  be 
deilned  to  be  a  record  of  facts ;  nevertheless  tra- 
dition is  not  to  be  entirely  ignored,  as  it  is  often 
bnsed  upon  a  great  deal  of  truth.  Both  the  Drakes 
and  the  Kaleighs  had  property  in  the  south  of 
Devon.  Ashe,  an  estate  a  few  miles  north  of 
Seat  on,  pertained  to  the  Drakes,  and  it  was  here 
that  the  great  Duke  of  Marlborough  was  bom. 
Colyton.  or  Colaton,  three  miles  west  of  JSid- 
mouth,  belonged  to  the  Kaleighs ;  and  the  parish 
has  ever  since  been  called  Col^-ton  Rawley  (it  is 
now  commonly  spelt  Kawley)  m  remembrance  of 
the  name.  Sir  Walter  was  born  at  Hayes,  a 
house  now  known  as  Hayes  Form,  in  the  adjoining 
manor  of  Budleigh,  or  East  Budleigh,  a  house 
which  liis  father  then  rented.  I  think  ho  had  the 
remainder  of  on  eighty  years'  lease  of  it.  When 
Sir  Walter  grew  up  bo  was  anxious  to  purchase 
this  house,  old  association  having  endeared  the 
place  to  him  ;  as,  to  quote  the  words  ho  made  use 
of  to  Mr.  Duke,  the  owner  in  1584,  when  he  applied 
to  him  on  the  subject,  he  said :  **  I  will  most  wil- 
lingly give  whatever  in  your  conscience  you  deem 
it  worth."  And  again :  "  I  am  resolved,  if  I 
cannot  entreat  you,  to  build  at  Colleton,  but  for 
the  natural  disposition  1  havo  to  that  place,  being 
borne  in  that  house,  I  had  rather  soate  myself 
there  than  anywhere  els."  This  request  was  not 
successful,  and  so  we  may  infer  that  Sir  Walter 

*  —  ■ 

was  content  to  be  at  Colleton  or  Colyton.  At 
the  time,  however,  that  the  family  was  at  Hayes, 
they  occupied  a  seat  on  the  north  side  of  the  nave 
in  Budleigh  church.  On  the  old  oak  seat-end  are 
the  iigures  1537,  and  tradition  points  this  out  as 
the  place  they  frequented.  For  this  reason  a 
scrupulous  care  ought  to  have  been  exercised  in 
preserving  this  date  perpetually  in  the  same  spot. 
But  in  June  1860  the  oak  seats  in  the  nave  were 
cleared  away,  and  were  replaced,  I  am  sorry  to 
say,  by  stained  deal ;  and  I  am  Htill  further  sorry  to 
say  that  the  bench-end  with  the  date  on  it  was 
fixed  to  another  seat  nearer  the  north-east  comer 
of  the  buildinff.  Shall  we  ever  have  either  clergy 
or  churchwardens  capable  of  taking  proper  care  of 


the  buildings  entrusted  to  their  cnstod j  P  In  ISkm 
pavement  of  the  passage  thruuffh  the  middle  itf 
the  nave,  there  lies  a  slab  marking  the  site  of  A 
vault  belon^ng  to  the  Raleighs.  In  the  centnitf 
the  slab,  simply  incised  in  ontliney  then  !•  a 
Calvnry  cross  flory.  Round  the  margin  there  ii 
an  inscription  in  these  words — obatb  pbo  Jdk 

lOHANITE    RALBGH    YZB*    WALTXEI    SALSOK    QTI 

OBiiT  x^  DIE  UTOXB  AY   .    .    .    The  rest  is  olill- 
torated.    The  Johanna  here  recorded  waa  the  ilafe 
wife ;  the  second  wife,  and  Sir  Walter's  mothti 
was  Catherine,  daughter  of  Sir  Philip  ChaoH 
pcmowne  of  Modburj.    (Deo.  JPedfgrmM^  hj  J. 
Tuckett,  p.   131.)    But,  like  a  ship  beiiiiig  ta 
windward,  lam  mdually  working  mj  wajtotha 
potatoes.  With  this  view  we  must  steer  again  te 
Colyton.   About  two  hundred  yards  weatet  Golj^ 
ton  church  there  is  an  old  house  built  of  the  dl& 
red  stone  of  the  neighbourhood.    The  abbots  of 
Dunkeswell  once  had  a  palace  in  this  manor,  and 
the  Dean  of  Exeter  had  a  rectory  here.  The  honsa 
13  called  Place,  and  perhnps  this  word  is  mere^ 
a  contraction  of  Palace,  just  as  the  remaios  of  the 
old  palace  of  the  Bishops  of  Exeter,  Ijipg  below 
Chudleigh  (near  the  Kock,  and  occupied  aome 
thirty  years  ago  by  the  Balcombes)  is  now  alwaja 
callccl  and  written  Place.    The  hood  monldinga 
round  the  windows  of  the  house  at  Gdlton  favfe 
a  Perpendicular  character ;  and  if  this  were  sH, 
we  might  perhaps  be  disposed  to  think  Sir  Walte 
built  hero  after  he  was  disappointed  in  gettiitt 
Hayes ;  but  there  is  a  small  room  over  the  poru 
on  the  east  side  of  the  house,  the  two-light  stfloa 
window  of  which  is  Decorated,  and  this,  if  okI- 
ginal,  would  make  the  building  much  older  thsn 
his  time.    This  room  was  probably  the  chapel,  te 
there  is  a  piscina  in  the  south  wall.    Two  men 
working  in  the  garden  (one  rented  the  iMrasa) 
willingly  entered  into  conversation.    They  saidu 
was    generally  believed  in  that  neighhourhood 
that  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  was  the  first  to  hdng 
potatoes  to  England ;  and  further,  that  he  flm 
planted  them  in  that  garden,  along  thenovthMde 
of  the  house,  when  he  lived  there — a  apai  ta 
which  they  particularly  directed  attention.    Theaa 
circumstances  are  sufficiently  minute ;  at  the  i 
time,  I  merely  offer  them  as  a  ttadidon  alill 
viving  in  the  locality. 

I  cannot  add  anything  to  the  Editor^  i 
respecting  the  introduction  of  this  root  into 
land,  but  content  myself  with  cnlleeting  on  the 
spot  a  tradition  respecting  its  first  planting  b 
England.  F.  HirroHunav. 

Apropos  to  the  Editor's  reply,  I  may  add  te 
following  from  the  Oemum  NoUm  iihuh^tim  ^ 

Inmig'8  Cokimbua: — 

<«The  potato  iSoknmm  n^fmi)  is  still  c 
eaten  like  spinach.  Nearly  related  to  the  eom 
U  the  recently  diaoovered  [I8S9J  Ameriesa  sort 


»  s.  IV.  Dec.  sa.  ts.]    ^         NOTES  AND  QUEBIE& 


gim  and  uaanum  is  eitcn  by  Uie  Indluii  (IiiMt»)  »idi 
siwar  anil  aiiei>C  beihi  (gcmin);  lo  alio  tha  lonnappb 
(SoJimm  Ivcoperiimia),  nhlch  la  ertjayed  by  AdClicaiiB 
Bnd  South  EunipL'ann.  It  it  kooira  tliat  Diake  Brat  aent 
to  England  Ibc  potato  as  food ;  bat  by  ■  misDndcntanil- 
iog  Uie  fniil  (iiolatn-appli!)  was  Gnt  tued,  irhicb,  ilona, 
huavcn  bad  table,  butafter  the  fall  of  the  fruit  Kcanru 


Gkebk  Riso  Inscrtptiok  (4""  S.iv.470,)— The 
inaeriptioQ 'Hi^oi  ia,  I  conceive,'HIii!,  written  with  9 
forthBdigmumaf;  say 'Hlfoi='Hr^i," skilled  in 
throwing  tliu  dart,''  aa  epitbet  both  of  Apollo  and 
Bftcchiia.  (Homer,  II.  iv.  366).  Hejoe  anya  it 
waa  pronounced  or  written  fijior  in  this  paasftge, 
and  ill  11.  M.  163.  (JErair.  iii  Horn.,  p.  183);  but 
such  criticism  is  purelj  conjectural;  mine  appears 
to  be  supported  by  ita  fitousB,  llie  ainnUiTBt  oeAng 
aufficientlv'  hard  to  give  fire  with  ateel  aod  to 
•cratch  glara.  (Penni/  Ct/c.  i.  450.) 

t.  j.  bucktos. 

"Act  C^iar  attt  svllvs"  (4**  8.  it.  435,) — 
Tha  author  of  thia  phrasj  ia  unknown  to  me;  it 
doea  not  nppenr  to  be  in  Suetonius  or  Valerius 
Mflxinius,  out  the  subject-matter  of  it  ia  to  be 
found  in  tlia  Li/n  of  Tiberius  Caiw,  bj  Mo  Caa- 
■ius  (lyii.  8) :  — 

KfilBp^  Tfc.jn  Toil  ffTpnTiiirdil,  JtaAiil'  lipiu  •  ri  Tt  tbu 

•nv  tiinoiHmo  tiSm  iwiSiro  /iiv  (suit  yipi^^iatTivaiiroTt 
ffas-i),  \c7i(^f>'iii' S'  iutoitar,  Hal  ypaipiitmr  irarrimia*i»r, 
Aptp.  ■  Kal  d<r<i«ii  y,  $^,kival  Tiff,..  WirrfAA.,  k=1 
Jmiro  Tfrnritiypa^i.  t1>  S  t\ar  K^aap,  ttrri  S'  Et(  aal 
TipiiiaiHii,  in  Tur  unb  rau  rfpttcaiKm  irpaxSii^if,  Ilpit- 
KficrS!  T(  T^i  rtjHiairliis,  Kari  -rh  ipxiiuir,  Kol  uip'  imrtou 
aii'a/iijfrrii.  rol  woWdxit  yt  t\eytr  Kti,  A(fnr<iTi]i  filr 
Twn  iotaui',  BuionpiTiup  3l  tit  vrpmurviir,  rir  Si  **( 

Nor  would  he  suffer himseif  to  be  called  "Lord" 
b J  a  free  m.in,  nor  "  Imperalor"  except  by  the 
■oldiera ;  lie  oltogethet  repudiated  the  title  "Fa- 
therof  hiacountty;"  even  thatof  Augustushodid 
not  usurp  (for  be  did  not  concede  that  epithet  to 
himaelF),  aud  did  uot  admit  it  in  coDTersutiou  oc 
in  writiup:  when  addreeiied  by  or  addressing  sore- 
ToigTifl.  Bi:  confined  Mmsel/to  the  title  "  Caear : "  and 
in  German  all'ura.  after  the  ancient  practicB,  he 
took  the  title  of  Oerinauicus  and  "  Pnnce  of  the 
Senate,"  often  flHjing  that  he  was  Lord  of  tlie 
elavea,  Iinperator  of  the  soldiers,  and  Piincfl  of 
the  rest  of  the  people. 

Tacitus  (Ann.  i.  80)  concun  genentllr  wttli  tliia 
etfttement.  T,  J,  BcCKTOir. 

"  Aut  Cffiaar  aut  nihil,"  was  Uie  motto  adopted 
by  that  diagrace  to  buioanitr  Obbht  Borgia  (more 
properly  Borja,  the  Spanish  family  aouie).  At 
the  beginning  of  a  Fieneb  translation  (published 


at  L«ide  by  Tbeod.  Hnak,  1713)  of  Thomas  Tho- 
maai'a  Life  of  this  execrable  son  of  an  execrable 
father  is  Csesar  Boi^n's  portrait,  with  the  motto 
"  Aot  Oresar  aut  nihil";  the  epigram  on  whom 
was  so  aptly  translated  by  F.  G.  H. :  r- 

"  Borjjia  nu  Ciesar.  both  in  deed  and  name, 
■  Chit  ot  nDiight,'  he  aaid :  be  Iwlh  became." 

P.A.  L. 


France,  Loir-el-Gher;  and  Frofeasor  la  Oarriqua, 
of  Pans,  telJa  me  that  their  pedigree  shows  ibat 
David,  who  fled  to  EoglRnd,  waa  an  offshoot.  A. 
dificrence  in  the  mode  of  writing  the  name  is  ta> 
be  noted.  Hbuumtilul 

Poria, 

ZeccA  {V"  S.  iv.  267,  468.)— The  derivation  of 
calafato  is  doubtful.  It  may  be  from  calcfactum, 
adefacere,  at  from  ^sJj ,  Uabifa,  deoorUTit» 
whilst  (%iuu  aeema  to  be  derived  from  ttj^, 
injci,  &om  iixpiiBi.  The  Italian  fondaco  ia  iw 
doubt  ftom  the  Arabic  ^jj ,  fmiduk  (whe^B 
the  Spanish  aOimd^,  jmda,  an  inn,  tnvem)^ 
but  the  Ap  " 


Laskna  (4*  S.  iv.  313,  465.)— It  is  right  to 
add,  that  unce  the  dalo  of  my  formar  oommuniok- 
tion  1  have  met  with  thia  word  in  frequent  use  in 
the  Liber  Cutlnmarvm,  as  edited  from  the  City 
rwoids  by  Mr.  Riloy,  who  calls  it  uniformly  "  • 
gallon"  (see  p.  811).  Among  the  references  I 
6nd  "  uha  lagena  do  oyatres,"  p.  110 ;  this  should 
perhaps  mean  "  a  barrel,"  in  coaforoiity  with  Mb. 
Shirlbi's  suggestion.  It  occurs  also  as  a  measurtt 
for  wine;  thus  we  have  " quod  lagena  cervisija" 
at  p.  383,  which  seems  exactly  to  meet  Ain»- 
worth's  detinition,  "  a  fiagon,  flask,  or  tlont  bottled 
At  p.  425  WD  have  "  quod  potellus,  quarta  «t 
kgena ; "  thia  may  do  for  a  pint  or  half-pint  wt 
a  quart  pot,  and  a  gallon  measure,  such  as  are  stUl 

The  word  is  Tery  old ;  it  appean  aa  Aiywwt  I» 
Greek,  and  J^,  ameaauroofcapftcity,  called  "log" 
in  A.  v.,  LOT.JtiT.  lOt  IS;  alaoM  I'J*?,  "»bottlo 
or  jatcbar,"  in  Habraw.  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  the  ^  is  k  «otitnctioii  of  the  definite  artiida 
o^  or  <^  wliidi  in»y  point  to  a  aaioectioii  wilh 
the  Arabic  word  i^ ,  kimuinth,  abo  "  bottle^" 
sod  serre  to  remind  us  of  "  the  fisherman  and 
the  gin"  in  the  Arabian  Nighti,  where  the  JfnM> 
on  esceiung  from  the  bottle  in  which  he  had  baen 
corked  up,  tiireateiis  to  prove  miechievous.  It  is 
curious  to  find  this  old  root  so  welded  into  GaeSB 
and  ^sk :  I  do  not  find  tba  same.  aiwfcfT  in 
Welah.  *«• 


670 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[4»  a.  IV.  0Ba  S9i» 


])iBLior.RAFnY  OF  AscHEBr  (4^  S.  IT.  330, 403.) 
Sir  W.  Wood  wa«  Marshal  of  the  Fraternity  of 
Fiiisbiiry  Archers,  and  was  knighted  by  Charles  II.,  ' 
whose  queen,   Catherine  of  Portugal,  presented  ' 
liiin  with  fi  silver  badge  or  shield,  which  was  | 
afterwards  in  the  charge  of  the  oldest  members  of 
the  fraternity.     This  shield  is  now  in  the  posses-  ' 
tton  of  the  lloyal  Toxophilite  Society,  which  also 
posscfisefl  two  curious  portraits  of  Sir  William, 
■who  is  represented  as  wearing  on  his  breast  this  , 
«hield.     Sir  William  was  buned  at  Clerkenwell,  ■ 
where  can  be  seen  the  monument  erected  to  his  ' 
memory  by  the  Royal  Toxophilite  Society  in  1781.  . 
Tho  filiield  or  badge  weighs  about  twenty-five 
ounces,  is  fourteen  and  a  half  inches  high  and  ' 
twelve  inches  broad,  and  has  various  figures  on  it;  ; 
and  at  the  top  is  "  Regino)  Catherine  Sagitarij," 
and  the  arms  of  England  and  Portugal   1  ne  date 
is  107C.    The  Royal  Toxopliilite  Society  pos- 
sesses also  other  valuable  and  antique  pieces  of 
plate  and  some  interesting  portraits. 

Toxophilite. 

MooxRAKERs  (-!»»»  S.  iv.  76,  105.)— The  tale 
cny  old  uncle  used  to  tell  in  relation  to  this  was: — 
Two  Wiltshire^  haymakers  were  returning  home 
(perhaps  rather  fou)  with  their  rakes  over  their 
shoulders,  when  they  Bpied  the  reflection  of  the 
moon  in  a  pond,  and  tliought  it  was  a  lump  of 
gold.  One  of  them  immediately  took  off  his  boots 
nnd  stockings,  and  began  to  wade  for  it,  but 
linding  the  water  too  deep,  he  seized  hold  of  his 
rake,  and  was  trying  to  rake  it  towards  himself 
when  a  party  of  Somersetshire  mowers  came  along, 
who,  when  thev  snw  what  he  was  doing,  of  course 
began  to  chaif  the  two  Wiltshire  worthies  for 
their  foolishness,  and  call  them  moonrakers. 

R.  Aj^TnoNY-JonNSTOw. 

Clifton. 

Bogie  Carriage  (4»»»  S.  iv.  407.)— In  Scotland, 
in  the  engineering  works,  they  have  a  small 
carriage  about  :J  ft.  0  in.  long  and  2  ft.  broad,  on 
wheels  about  8  ins.  in  diameter,  used  for  drawing 
about  variouH  parta  of  an  engine,  &c.  from  one 
shop  to  another,  which  they  call  a  '*  bogie." 
From  inquiry  I  find  that  it  has  been  known  by 
that  name  for  fully  sixty  years. 

R.  A XTHONY- Johnston. 

A  ScoTTisn  WiTcn  Rhyme:  "Drichtine" 
(4'»»  S.  iv.  .3;31.)  — Dr.  Rogers  may  like  to  be  re- 
ferred to  the  Did  English  Homilies  (twelfth  cen- 
tury) lately  put  forth  by  the  E.  E.  T.  S.  He  will 
there  iind  *'  drihtcn  "  passim,  e.  g.  p.  3,  "  heo  duden 
heore  claj^es  huppon  |>e  asse  fole  and  are  drihten 
eoodfan  rad  per-on."  Edwd.  II.  Knowles. 

Kenil  worth. 

MATTniAs  CoRvixus(4*^  S.  iv.  434.)— This  dis- 
tinguished man  was  by  the  free  choice  of  the 
Hungarian  nation  elevated  to  the  throne  as 
Matthias  I,  in  1458  before  he  had  attained  the  age 


of  sixteen.  Emnloua  of  his  fatheri  the 
John  Honyades.  he  waa  the  terrar  of  the  Tarib 
daring  the  whole  of  his  reign.  He  held  "Bn— 1»^ 
Transylvania,  Walachia,  MoldftTia,  SUTanifl|  nd 
Servia,  in  despite  of  the  inceesant  atUeka  oi  ^ 
Turks.  Moravia,  Sileda,aiid  Liuaiia  wen  tab- 
dued  by  him,  and  he  conquered  the  EmpaiBt 
Frederick  III.  of  Austria,  fixing  his  residenee  at 
V^iennain  1485,  where  his  brilliant  career  waa  tar- 
minated  in  14AX)  in  the  forty-eighth  year  of  hb 
age.  This  great  prince  joined  to  the  arte  of  irar 
the  love  of  literature,  of  which  be  was  the 
protector  at  its  resuscitation.    His  predt 


the  throne  of  Hungary  was  Ladialas  V.  called  the 
Posthumous  (1463-1467),  and  his  suooeaaor  irai 
Wladislas  (=Uladisla8)  II.  (1490-1616),  who  had 
been  elected  King  of  Bohemia  in  1471. 

T.  J.  BvcKioir. 


Crumble  ts  TopoeEAPHiCAL  Namxb  (4*^  &  It. 
885,  401.)  —  This  word  is  probahly  nom  the 
Celtic  crzrm,  crom,  crooked.  Crom-ai  would  sig- 
nify the  crooked  water.  Crumble  would  also  cat" 
rupt  from  cncm-Md,  t)ie  crooked  dwelUng.  As 
a  surname,  Crumble  might  be  the  same  as  Gxim- 
ble  and  Grumell^  corrupted  from  QrMbM  or 
Grimicald, 

J.  Ck.  K.  says  the  Norse  (Norsk  .^)  name  SmB^ 
hibrn  is  found  m  the  name  of  Holbom.  The  lunal 
derivation  of  Holbom  is  from  OldBaum\  hot  the 
name  is  rather  from  Ol-Boum,  the  01  rivulet.  The 
primitive  meaning  of  &/,  al,  d,  U,  kali,  fonad,  hi 
many  geographical  names,  is  water 

R.  S.  CHARirOCK. 

Gray's  Inn. 

Education  in  Scotland  (4^*  S.  iv.  476.) — Am 
some  proof  of  the  popularity  of  the  FVeneh  lan- 
guage in  Scotland,  I  may  mention  that  fa&  nj 
boyhood^  at  a  large  school,  the  master  over  my 
division  of  it  put  it  to  the  vote  among  the  hoya 
thirty-iive  in  number — whether  they  wonld  prefer 
being  taught  Latin  or  French,  llie  Totes  wen 
carried  in  favour  of  French ;  and  I  lemember  one 
of  the  first  exercises  for  translation  in  that  Ian- 
gruage  was  a  birthday  ode  by  some  Parisian  oonr- 
tier  in  honour  of  the  infant  son  of  NapoleoQ  L 
Latin  was  taught  afterwards,  together  with  nnuiG 
and  drawing.  In  addition  to  rVench,  the  Qer- 
man  language  is  now  widely  studied  in  Scotland^ 
and  particularly  by  students  at  the  uniTerrities^ 

It  ought  to  be  mentioned  that  one  of  the  boya— 
if  not  more — was  brought  up  in  the  family  tzadi* 
tions  of  the  exiled  French  HuguenotSi  who  made 
their  escape  from  death  and  persecution  to  all  the 
Protestant  countries  of  Europe  at  the  time  of  the 
revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes.      J,  Magbat. 


Milton's  Granddauohtkb  (4*^  S.  !▼•  IM^ 
32G.) — Your  corresnondents  do  not  appear  to  have 
observed  the  mistaJke  in  the  name  of  the  Hfiytir 
of  Milton's  Cotnui  for  the  stage.   It  was  aotJ&Ml 


4<*S.1V.  Dec.!5,'6>.] 


NOl     i  AND  QO     9U 


671 


Dutlon,  but  John  Dalton.  Dalton'a  adftpUtloa 
was  oriduallf  produced  in  1738,  with  the  mnaicor 
Arne,  lUtboiigh  it  waa  not  autil  17fiO  tbftt  ha 

frocured  the  performance  for  the  benefit  of  Hn, 
'oratur,  Wilton's  granddaughter, 
llalton  has  Boiiietimes  been  charged  withpre- 
su motion  in  associating  bis  own  Tenea  with  tooae 
of  Milton.  Doubtless  the  vigorous  and  beautiful 
language  of  the  preat  poet  has  had  the  effect  of 
making;  that  of  hia  humble  imitator  appear  weak 
beade  it,  but  nevertheless  Dalton's  venes  have 
tlwHfg  struck  me  aa  being  far  superior  to  the 
generality  of  aucli  performancea.  There  ia  one 
■ong  which,  as  it  hna  been  for  many  years  omitted 
in  the  representation  of  Cumut,  I  may  perhaps  be 
excused  for  tranacribing,  aa  affording  a  fair  aped- 
luen  of  bis  powers :  — 

"  Nor  on  beds  of  fading  flowers, 

Sheddin),'  aoun  their  gaud;  pride ; 
Nor  with  gvralns  in  syreD  bowers. 
Will  true  I'leasure'long  rcdde. 
"  On  awful  Virtue's  biJl  aubiime 

Entlironed  «b  lb'  immortal  fair ; 
Who  wina  her  heietit  must  patient  climb, 
The  steps  are  peril,  toil  and  care. 
"  So  from  the  first  did  Jovb  ordain 
Eternal  bliss  for  traoiiant  paia," 

W.  H.  Hnsr. 

Peoff-^sop.  Masbon's  "  Lira  of  Milios  "  (4" 
S.  iv.  47G.)— -In  addition  to  Hb.  OBoSjUtT'fl  ezprea- 
ston  of  a  "  wistful  look "  for  the  appeannce  of 
Prof.  Maasoii's  s«cond  volume,  vill  yon  permit 
me  to  add  another  evidence  of  the  same  demre  on 
the  part  of  a  well-knonn  German  author,  Rein- 
hold  Pauli  (the  continuator  of  Lappenberg'a  Sit- 
tory  of  England),  who,  in  hia  new  work,  Aufiiita 
aur  englitchen  Getchichte,  writes  as  follows  in  a 
note  to  his  article  on  Milton  when  quoting  Pnrf. 
Hasan's  Ia/c  :  — 


a  Werkes  geblleben." 


J.  Macbat. 


DiBDis"9  SoNoa  {4"  S.  iv.  350,  488J— That 
Quotlier  ballad  of  our  vaurmraiViii,  combining  hie 
forecftfitle  cbeerinexs  with  bis  inland  observation, 
may  not  bo  brought  into  question,  I  wish  to  put 
itn  record  the  history  of  his  "  Lamplighter." 

One  evening  in  1700,  my  father  (himself  a 
versemaker  and  vowed  disciple  of  the  Twicken- 
linm  school,  di»parnging  even  Homer's  AoElidoed 
muse  if  not  arrayed  in  lace  rufflee  and  hooped 
petticoata)  took  me,  then  a  lad  of  thirteen,  to 
Charles  Uibdin's  lodgings  in  the  Strand,  intend- 
ing to  accompany  him  to  his  entertainment — the 
"  Oddities  "  I  think  it  was — when  wa  fband  hlin 


men  In  ths  world  to  mako  ft  popoUr  hit,  Mt  pui- 
■lin^  U*  biaine,  •>  I  mppoM,  for  some  olaiiiMl 
notioDf  when  the  lamplighter*!  Iwlilftr  made  iti 
uaaal  thod  against  the  lamp-poat  over  the  alreet- 
door.  "  I  have  it,"  said  old  Charley  and  began 
tabouring  on  his  knees,  and  humming  snateliea  of 
muuc  till  the  nephelegerio  bad  oaaaed,  when  li* 
walked  oTer  to  hie  [dano,  and  pUjad  and  tKOg, 
stopping  everf  now  and  then  to  jot  down  wonw 
or  notea  till  it  was  time  to  attend  hia  auditoir, 
before  whom  he  inboduead  hia  new-bom  "\MDf- 
lighter":— 

"  1*010117  Didi  the  lampllKbter, 

They  *aj  the  bid'i  my  dad ; 
And  tnaly  I  beUave  tl,  sir, 

Foi  I'm  a  pretty  lad,"  fte.  Ac 
The  queaticm  being  of  fact,  and  not  of  coqjeo* 
tun  or  of  critioiam,  I  append  mj  name  rathec 
than  my  initiala.       EoKViu  'Uestkai,  Swirs. 

Amra  Antvw  {V^  S.  iv.  4S3.)— Let  not  Hnt- 
XHirTRUOi  be  content  with  anything  leaa  tiian 
John  Foxe'a  own  acconnt  of  Anne  Askew,  It 
well  repaya  penuaL  An  edition  of  Foze  without 
it  must  be  a  poor  one.  It  oceura  in  the  elghtli 
bo^  t«gn  cf  Haimr  TIIL,  event*  of  A.o.  IS46. 
In  the  edition  of  Foxe  pnbliahed  bj  Sealer  in 
1888  it  ia  to  be  found  at  p.  637  of  the  fifth 
Tolnme.  Hiai  Sfatickland  telle  the  atoiy  yvrj  wiU 
under  "  Catharine  Pair,"  but  Foze  ia  d«  aatli»- 
Atj.  P.  P. 

In  the  AMoeiaUd  ArdtOMtMrol  SoMin'  Sf 
porit  for  1863,  Hskxhttbihii  will  find  a  paper  00 
the  marUidom  of  Anne  Aakew,  i«ad  before  the 
Liucoln  Sodety  bj  Archdaacoo  Trolley  In  the 
notea  at  the  end  iBference  is  made  to  the  fbllow- 
ingwoAs:— 

Foxe'a  Aett  and  MomttamU,  ed.  168^  U. :  Ifar- 
rativet  of  Ot  JD<v4of  a»  St/iirmaiiim,  edited  1^ 
J.  G.  I4ieholB;  A  Hidory.  ^o.  \j  Edward  Aafcn, 
1607:  Bale^wo^inPukerSodetTi  HaHad. 
«9,  W.  8.  W.  T.  T.  D. 

'WmiHun:  BuvoRAiu.x(4<*S.iv.31L)  — 
I  CmI  confident,  though  I  can  riva  no  retenDoe^ 
that  I  have  read  a  statement  Dy,  I  think,  Hr, 
Buokland,  that  whitebait  ia  a  collectimi  of  the  fij 
of  at  leaat  half  a  doien  fishes ;  if  ao,  "  the  Oiean- 

■-     -  -  [  the  didi 


powder-cloud.      After  awl 

to  my  father  "  I  want  a  new  aongi  help  me  to  r 

■ubject."     iiy  father,  who  waa  one  of  the  laat 


UaMAoOb. 
Ifavlomsgiia. 

Bmoinni  Honms  ax  Ozvobs  (4<*  S.  It. 
344.)  —Since  I  wrote  the  notice  to  whioh  I  mw  . 
rafn,  I  have  Tiatad  the  remaina  of  what  waa  tha 
afeW  diuroh  of  VtaAxm.  Dmiog  ^m  lapdw 
whicn  have  l^ely  been  made,  aome  tilea  wws 
dug  1^  wbidt  BN  BOW  laid  in  tba  floor  of  tka 
■otitk  aide  jut  ovtrida  the  eliw.  I  waa  t» 
glad  to  diaeorar  amoag  thain  osie  beaiJDA  «itk 
gnat  dlrtinetMai,  the  thiea  daUeea.  lliialijitt 


372 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES- 


[4>k&IV.  DBaSa^llL 


tlie  coat  home  to  Pershore.    Tho  other  heraldic 
tiles  are  — 

2.  Three  covered  cups.  This  is  probably  for 
Boteler.  It  is  to  be  seen  on  a  tile  in  Gloucester, 
also  a  Benedictine  abbey,  in  tho  Chapel  of  the 
Apostles  at  tho  foot  of  the  reredos. 

3.  Ten  roundlets.  This  might  l>c  the  see  of 
Worcester ;  but  possibly  it  was  given  for  Zouche. 
William  Lord  Zouche,  who,  by  paternal  descent, 
was  a  Mortymer,  married  for  his  first  wife  Alice 

.  de  Toni,  widow,  first,  of  Thomas  do  Leyborne,  but 
secondly  of  Guy  de  Beauchamp,  Earl  of  War- 
wick. He  married  for  hb  second  wife  Eleanor 
de  Clare,  sister  and  heiress  of  Gilbert  de  Clare, 
Earl  of  Gloucester.  She  died  1337 ;  Lord  Zouche 
died  13S5,  and  was  buried  in  another  Benedictine 
church,  Tewkesbury,  in  the  Lady  Chapel,  which, 
like  the  Lady  Chapel  at  Pershore,  has  long  since 
been  destroyed. 

4.  A  fcsse  between  six  cross- crosslets.  Beau- 
champ  of  Warwick.  D.  P. 

Stuarts  Lodge,  Malveni  Wells. 

Low  Side  Windows  (3'«  S.  xi.  3i)0 ;  4»»»  S.  iv. 
345.)  —  Tho  theory  that  this  peculiarly  placed 
opening  was  the  one  out  of  which  the  sacristan 
rang  tho  sanctus  bell  at  the  moment  of  the  mani- 
festation of  the  host,  as  urged  in  the  Constitu- 
tions of  1281,  was  put  forward  by  Messrs.  Neale 
and  Webb  in  1843,  in  their  translation  of  Du- 
randus,  Si/7nboh'87n  of  ChurcheSf  and  further  by  the 
architect,  Mr.  J.  J.  Cole,  in  1848,  in  a  communi- 
cation to  the  Journal  of  tJie  Arch{eolo(fical  Indi- 
Uite,  V.  70.  Therefore  J.  S.  must  not  imagine 
that  his  contribution  in  18G1,  and  again  lately, 
is  a  novelty.  A  succinct  account  of  tlio  many 
attempts  to  account  for  this  feature  in  a  church  is 
g^ven  s.  V,  in  the  part  of  the  Dictionary  of  Archi- 
tecture }uat  issued  by  the  Architectural  Publica- 
tion Society.  It  also  states  in  what  publications 
illustrations  of  the  examples  are  to  bo  found. 

W.  P. 

Sir  Thomas  Lombe  (4***  S.  iv.  451.)— A  gen- 
tleman connected  with  tho  Lombc  family  enables 
me  to  reply  to  one  of  tho  queries.  Alderman  Sir 
Thomas  Lombc  married  Mary  Turner.  My  in- 
formant knows  nothing  of  her  history.  The 
daughter,  bom  173;5,  whom  James,  seventh  earl 
of  Lauderdale,  married,  was  named  Mary  Turner 
Lombe.  Sir  Thomas  and  his  half-brother  John 
built  the  silk  mills  at  Derby,  and  introduced 
orgaozine  silk  into  England — a  trade  before  con- 
fined to  the  Italians.  John  Lombe  was  supposed 
to  have  been  poisoned  by  somo  Italians,  and  Sir 
Thomas  had  14,000/.  granted  to  him  by  Parlia- 
ment, 6  Geo.  IL  S.  W.  Rix. 

Beccles. 

De  Scotenat  (4**"  S.  iv.  491.)— The  remarks  of 
Tewabs  on  the  Willoughby  d*Eresby  pedigree 
have  severely  *'  exercised  "  me.    There  is  some- 


thing serioufilj  wrong  about  diher  liiii  pedJgBBft 
or  mine,  and  I  hope  that  he  inll  allow  ma  to 
compare  notes  with  him  on  the  aubjeot.  If  nSaB 
be  80  far  wrong,  I  ahall  be  happy  to  liaTa  tha 
opportunity  of  correcting  it  The  sentence  wblcb 
perplexes  me  most  runs  as  follows : — 

**  It  has  been  proved,  however,  flpom  the  m^.  miC 
mortem  of  Maud,  Countess  of  Oxford  in  1412.  to  WAom 
her  grandson  Robert,  sixth  Lord  Wllloiwhbj,  warn  f 
hdr,  that  Alice  [wife  of  the  foarth  lord]  waa  tkm 
sister  of  the  mother  of  the  eonnteee,  ana  was  thai 
one  of  the  two  dangliters  and  oobeiis  of  John  .l4id 
Botetourt  by.  Maud  his  second  wife." 


Now  I  dare  say  the  fault  is  mine,  bat 
referring  to  the  pedigrees  of  Willouglibyy  Ven^ 
and  Botetourt,  I  cannot  undeiatand  thu.  The 
only  Maud  Countess  of  Oxford  to  wkcna  TamUM 
can  refer  appears  to  mo  to  be  Maud,  daiu^htor  of 
Ralph  de  UfTord  and  his  second  infe  Hand  or 
Matilda  of  Lancaster,  who  had  no  leas  fhan  fire 
sisters,  not  ono  of  whom  married  a  fiotetmnti 
Again,  my  Botetourt  pedigree  reveals  to  me  no 
John  Lord  Botetourt  who  left  two  danglitaiEB  and 
coheirs,  and  the  only  barons  of  that  name  whose 
wives  were  Mauds  married  daughten  of  Thoraia 
Fitz-Otho  and  of  John  Lord  Grey  de  Butlierfield, 
the  former  leaving  an  array  of  sons,  and  the  lattar 
one  daughter  and  heir,  Jocose  Lady  BnmelL 

To  return  to  Willoughby :  I  find  in  nqr  MS. 
book  the  wives  of  Robert  the  fomth  Vnd  ftlwi 
as— I.  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Earl  of  SaUa- 
bury;  2.  Margaret,  daughter  of  Lord  Zonebi 
[qy.  which  lord] ;  3.  Elizabeth  Baraneas  LatisMl^ 
bom  1303,  inq.  taken  1306-8.  I  do  not  diaeofW 
Alice  at  all ;  and  William,  eldest  son  of  thia  firaitii 
lord,  I  find  to  have  been  bom  in  1873. 

I  hope  Tbwars  will  understand  that  I  anftaafc 
making  an  assault  upon  his  accuracy ;  I  think  It 
very  likely  that  I  am  the  defaulter,  and  I  shall  %a 
much  obliged  to  him  if  he  will_  kindly  aet 
right. 


PoBTiLviT  OF  Sachevebbll  (4?^  S.  i^.  478^  WKL) 
There  is  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Sacheverell  at  Mag- 
dalen College,  Oxford.  There  would  thevafoia 
be  no  diiRcult^  in  Hebxentrvdx  obtaininr  a 
"  detailed  description  "  of  the  doctor.  H.  fi. 

TuE  WoBD ''  Metropolis''  (4^  &  ir.  335,488^ 

Mb.  Tew  says: — 

**  Strictly  sneaking*  and  looking  to  aadeat  aaalSBir 
the  Bishop  of  London  t«  tho  metropolitan  biiihAp»«Bd-Ua 
uioce.'rc  tlio  metropolitan  sec.  The  true  title  of  the  Anfc* 
bishop  of  Canterbiuy  is  the  Patriarch  of  OuiterbaiyH 
the  Patriarch  of  Alexandria,   CoBstantlnople^   &&«  k 

iipxi  irar^p,  chief  father  of  all  the  iatben  of  the 

At  what  period  of  English  histoiyis 
described  as  the  metropolitan  seeP   The  _ 
archates  of  Christendom  are  aa  well  knoim 
the  bishoprics.    The  Holy  See  made 
an  archbishopric,  but  never  erected  it 
patriarchate.     But  Canterbory  and  Yock 


4«»»S.IV.  DEC.25/C9.] 


NOTES  AND  QUEEIES. 


573 


always  tLo  title  of  metropolitical  sees  of  thdr 
provinces.  In  Catholic  countries  the  avehieflB- 
copal  churcli  is  called  the  metropolitan  dmich ; 
for  instance,  at  Paris  and  Malines,  where  the 
cathedral  is  described  usually  as  la  MHropoh, 
It  is  possible  to  assent  to  the  lanffuage  (ATh$ 
Times  and  the  London  yestries  as  distinctljr  re- 
cognised modem.  But  London  was  neyer  the 
metropolitan  see  after  the  time  of  St.  Augnstine 
of  Canterbury.  As  it  exists  now,  it  may  be  con- 
Tenient,  for  reasons  with  which  I  am  not  ac- 
quainted, to  describe  it  as  Mb.  Tew  suggests. 
But  upon  this  point  I  hare  no  opinion  to  oflbr. 
Mr.  Tkw  further  says :— • 

**  The  view  is  not  correct  that  cveir  metropolitan  is  an 
archbishop.  The  Bishop  of  Montreal  is  metropolitaa  of 
Canada  ;  the  Bishop  of  Calcutta  is  metropolitan  vf  India, 
but  neither  of  them  are  archbishops,  or,  at  all  eyentt,  ao 
Btyled." 

The  examples  given  by  Mr.  Tbw  are  modem, 
and  arc  recent  institutions  of  the  British  Govern- 
ment. Before  Canada  became  a  British  possession 
it  was  a  French  Catholic  colony.  The  present 
archbishop  and  metropolitan  of  Quebec  is  the 
fifth,    lie  succeeded  to  the  primacy  in  1867. 

D.  P. 

Staarts  Lodge,  Malvern  Wells. 

WniPULTRE  (4"»  S.  iv.  462.) — There  is  some 
misapprehension  here,  for  two  editions  of  Chaucer 
now  before  me  both  include  the  ash ;  they  read 
as  follow  [*'  Knight's  Tale,"  2924.6]  :— 

"...  oke,  fir,  birch,  aspe,  alder,  holm,  poplere, 
Wilow,  elm,  plane,  asA,  box,  cbestein,  lind,  laorere. 
Maple,  thorn,  beche,  hasel,  ew,  whipaltre." 

Edit.  Tyrwhitt,  Lond.  1866. 

"...  ook,  frr,  birch,  asp,  alder,  holm,  popler, 
Wilw,  elm,  plane.  <u«cA,  box,  chestejn,  lynd^  lanrer, 
Mapul,  thorn,  beech,  hasil,  eir,  wyppvltre." 

l!rdit.'Robert  Bell,  n.d. 

This  tale  is  a  translation.    On  turning  to  the 

Teseide  of  Boccaccio,  bk.  xi,  I  find  mention  of — 

"Cipresso,  the  cypress;  tasso,  the  yew;  cedns  the 
cedar ;  abete,  the  fiV ;  pin,  the  pine ;  corilks  the  baiel ; 
mirto,  the  myrtle ;  auno,  the  alder  (?) ;  palma,  the  pshn ; 

olmo,  the  elm." 

Chaucer,  in  translating,  or  rather  adapting^  has 
omitted  the  cypress,  cedar,  pne.  and  palm ;  and 
he  appears  to  have  substituted  the  lanr^  for  the 
myrtle. 

In  attempting  to  explain  this  word  wfUfml^  I 
shall  make  a  distinction  between  the  two  mote 
of  spelling  here  shown,  and  adopt  wyppyUre  as 
the  true  form.  It  stands,  I  think,  for  ^*  Christ's 
thorn  tree  ; ''  and  my  argument  is  founded  upon 
the  notion  that  tcyppyl  means  a  W}rthe-<baiid^  or 
garland.  The  root  is  w^  exfdaiiied  in  J«Bue» 
son's  Scot.  Did.,  where  we  have  **  To  wip,  wjiL 
to  bind  round '' ;  and  *'  Wyp,  a  wreath,  a  gadaaiO* 
such,  apparently,  as  is  described  Ivjr  Braad,  mTS, 
"  a  garland  of  prickles/'  similar  to  Christ's  enmm 
ofihoms.    The  word  '^  thorn,"  as  used  hy  Ciuiiwet, 


may  stand  for  CraUBgui  oxf^aeatUka,  the  commim 
hAwthen^  the  <^wyppylti«"  is  JRkmum^  tlM 
buckthorn.  We  must  rememher  that  the  JBhwn 
tuiMm  indude  Zixtfpkua  tpma-C^Hsti :  and  bnek- 
thom  is  oalled  Chiist's-thom  in  Tarioas  dialsets; 
ex.  gr.  Korsbaert^m,  Danish,  £remion^  German:; 
the  word  used  is  cross,  Imt  it  means  Ohiistte 
cross.  A.HAUb 

BncL  iHsaBtFTtoin^  etc.  (4*^  S.  iv.  476, 520.>— 
Mr.  Stainhank*  onoe  lent  me  his  fine  collection 
of  fao-aimiles  of  bell  inscriptions,  and  in  retam  I 
consented  to  lend  him  a  collection  of  my  own, 
containing  mbhings  of  hells  from  two  handled  and 
fifteen  places.  In  many  cases  there  were  two  or 
three,  or  even  more,  from  one  church :  most  of 
them  were  medisoTal,  and  all  in  some  way  curious 
or  interesting.  They  wers  carefully  mounted 
on  cartridge  paper,  mid  labelled,  liie  bi^  of 
theni  were  taoen  by  myself  in  Lincolnshire  audi 
elsewhere :  bat  a  groat  many  wero  giyen  ni*  hf 
Mr.  Dudei-Tyssen  and  other  Mends.  I  hoped  to 
go  on  inereasfaig  the  collection,  which  was-  aria 
of  my  most  cherished  possession^  and  I  looked 
forwnd  to  its  sometime  finding  a  permanent 
home  in  the  library  of  the  Society  of  ^^tiqaariea 
or  of  the  BritishM  usenm.  I  am  snro  many  of 
your  readers  wiU  be  sorry  to  hear  that  somejpevr 
smi  unknown  obtained  Munioas  possession  of  the 
parcel  ccmtaining  the  whole  collection,  and  that  I 
naTC  never  seen  or  heard  of  it  since.  This  was  in 
Jvlj  1868,  and  I  have  not  had.  the  heart  to  bim 
again.  J.  T.  F. 

Ths  CoQfligs,  Hnratpisrpolnt 

Hie  Tolnme  oontaining/arc-SMmZfli  of  insoriptioos 
mi  ancient  bells  is  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Jdbn 
Ifean^  of  1€L  Approach  Road,  Vietorin  Park,  who 
wonld  no  donnt  allow  Mk.  Waxjbbvt  or  mt 
other  gentieman  to  see  it,  judging  horn  the  kiat 
courtesy  with  which  he  lately  lent  the  Tolame  to 
me.  l3ie  celebMitod  bell  foundry  at  Whitaohnisl 
is  nofw  Mt  called  on  by  Mr.  Stalnbanlc,  the 
Mean  fMBuy  hsfing  retired  ftom  the  bosineaa. 

H.  T.  BzxiAOOMBn. 

BsglSiy,Glyit  St  Geoige. 


(4*  S.  ir.  6ia.)-*Ilio  MlaeHnff 

piecea  of  infbrmation  may  prove  interoatinf  ana 
naeful  to  Y.  a  M. 

In  the  jpariahi  rmatar  of  Donnybrook,  near 
Dnb^  this  entiy  of  borial  appeam :  — 

'*rm,kpA7.    OldMfcnsltomala" 


OMm 


674 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


l*>aiT.  Dw.at.'SR 


pannt,  aod  dncera  fiiand,)  continued  it  with  neb  ad-  j 
raalnite  M  tlie  purcliaaen  u  to  prevent  the  further  im-  : 
portauoD  of  fbreiga  •nres,"  Ac.  I 

Pbohhsciatiom  of  /  is  Wstan  (4'"  S,  It. 
514).  —  Hh  nnt  De  Mor&tia  too  hastily  con- 
daded  that  the  noun  wind  nas  meant  in  Camdea's  | 
Britannia,  and  not  rnther  the  verb  to  wind,  when  ' 
he  placed  it  alongside  of  the  word  kindt  I  by  j 
no  means  Bubaciib<i  to  the  concluuoa  that,  in  ' 
Terw,  we  now  pronouace  wind  a«  we  do  kind. 
I  for  one  do  not,  unless  it  appears  evident  that  it 
was  tbe  uoel's  intention  that  it  should  be  so  pro- 
nomiced  in  an^  particulnr  instance.  To  my  eat  , 
the  other  practice  sounds  like  affectation.  I 

F.C.  II.    I 

"PEEion  Cohugrcr!  let  the  Constitution  | 
Live"  (3"  S.  xil.  535.)  — It  was  Dupont  do  , 
Nemours  who,  in  1701,  speaking  of  St.  Domingo,  . 
said — ''Si  celto  scission  devait  avoir  lieu,  s'il  . 
fallait  sacrifier  I'lntL-rt't  ou  la  justici.>,  il  vaudrait 
inienx  sacrifier  les  colonies  qu'un  principe."  (Ed. 
Fournier,  L'E'prit  Jam  rilittoii-e,  376.) 

P.  A.L. 

MABrE-LoriHE-JCLisABEXH  d'Orl^aks, 
DucHRflBR  DE  BtUHY  (4"  S.  iv.  478.) — Your  very 
erudite  correspondent  IIbemesiruue  is  no  doubt 
noiuunted  with  Saint- Si uion'a  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  the  personal  apoi'ni'ance  of  the  Duchess  of 
Iterry.  Still,  as  she  Hcks  for  it,  I  venture  to  tran- 
Bcritie  part  of  it ; — 

"Celte  prtn<:e!se  t'tait  f^randc,  belle,  liien  faite,   ivec  , 
touleroii    a«wz  dvu  de  nmce.  et  queli|ue  chose  dnns  lea 
iju'ellG  dtait.    Elle  n'svait 


fCDX  qui  raisait  c 


a  parole,  d'une 


toot  ce  qu'elle  voulail,  et  comma  elle  le  voulait  dire,  avec 
one  Dedet^,  UQC  pr^tsion,  una  ju9te»e,  an  choix  dc 
tcriDGs  a  line  niocularllo  dc  toun  qui  turprcnait  toi^oura. 
Timide  d'un  cul^  en  tuiijatetlcii,  bardic  d'un  autre  juiqu'jt 
effVaycr;  haute  juK|u'a  la  fo]'-   ' '  ' '^  '- 


(die  e' 


■ce.    11  R 


IS  lei  vi 


&  I'avarii 
ui  ^taiec 


■a  prfes, 


lant  p(u9  dangi  ,  ,  .  ,   , .... 

d'art,   ni  plus  d'e^iprit.     Mndame  de   lierry  eat  KLoiiie, 
maU  elle  a  de  Leiica  chnircs  ct  beeucoup  de  fraicliciii. 

See  likewise  tbs  Soiii-entrt  de  M""  de  Caylus. 
P.  A.  L. 

TimiD  (4'"  S.  iv.  515.)  — Tiiard  beats— Paly 
of  six  or  end  gules,  a  bend  counterchangcd,  on  a 
canton  ainiater  aable,  a  bugle-horn  strmgvd  or. 
Crest,  on  a  ducal  coronet  or,  between  two  wings 
expanded  gules,  a  bugle-hom  stringed  of  the  first. 
(8ee  Burke's  General  Armory,  where  the  name 
occurs  aa  "  Tizard  Hawkins  of  Winterbourae,  St. 
Martin,  Dorsetshire ;  present  repcesentatiTe  .lames 
Hawkins  Tizard  of  jVabton,  Esq."')      Nbeiiritb. 

This  name  may  have  been  at-lzod.  (See  under 
"lHltd"in  iMwei'i  Palrfiiii/mica  Srilannica.)  1 
only  find  one  coat  awigned  to  it — viz.  Paly  of  six 


or  and  gnlet,  a  bend  connterchanged,  on  ft  taatoa 
nnister,  aaUe,  n  bugle-hom  atriuged  or. 

G.  W.  It 

For  the  information  of  your  eoiTMpoadant  W. 
I  beg  to  say  that  many  of  this  nuue  and  of 
varying  sodal  condition  are  reudent  in  Donet- 
shire,  and  nay  be  found  in,  and  in  lh«  localitj  of, 
the  county  town,  and  of  Weymouth.  Amu  ua 
used  by  some  of  the  name,  vii..  Paly  of  dx  or 
and  gules,  a  bend  countercban^jed ;  on  n  riniilet 
canton,  Kible,  a  bugle-hom^  atnnged,  or.  Cmt: 
between  two  wings,  gulea,  issning  out  of  ft  donl 
coronet  or,  a  bugle-hom  as  in  armi. 

Whether  a  grant  whs  ever  made  Cftn  perlups  ba 
ascertuned  by  a  search  at  the  Heralda'  CuUam 
on  payment  of  the  usual  fees,  but  wfainh,  bj  W 
way,  are  heavy  when  compared  with  the  Umot 
of  Vhe  officials  and  the  value  of  the  iafomialioH 
ordinarily  obtnined.  EL  Q. 

I  beg  to  refer  your  correspondent  W,  to  tlit 
London  Directory,  where  he  will  fiDd  (p.  180^ 
ed.  1808)  at  least  two  families  beaiia;  tba  iiaaa 
Tizard.  0. 

Dr.Fowke  (4*  S.  iv.  389.)— F.  R.  F.  wiU  find 
a  brief  account  of  Dr.  Fowlce  in  OrMml  ZtUtrt 
edited  bff  Sebeeca  Warner  o/Steeh  OoUmt,  mtar 
Bath,  1817.  W.  B. 

I'IsoLisa  Winks  (4<^  S.  iv.  393.}— CbM-Bouk 
Smith,  in  liis  Collectanea  Antiqua,  hu  I,  long  uid 
enhauative  paper  upon  the  miunfaetaia  of  winai 

England  during  the  raediEBTal  epoeh.    Hb  hu 

'■' —  irds  in  England. 

Al? kbh  ^mt  Dnrnz. 

Qod'b  Srrieani  Death  (4'^  S.  it.  480.)— iSaa 
also  Quarles's  Emb/etm,  iL  IS  (Oilflllwi'a  ad.  Edin. 
1857) : — 
"The  slender  debt  to  nature's  quickly  paid. 

Discharged,  perchance,  vilh  greater  rasa  than  nudaj 

But  if  Ibat  pair-faced  tergtaul  male  arml 

Ten  thousand  actions  irauld  (wherMf  the  laaat 

Is  more  than  all  this  lower  irorld  can  baili 

Be  enler'd,  and  condemn  me  to  the  Jail 

or  Stygian  darkness." 

Shakespeare  nay  havebeen  indebted  to  tba  Kble 
for  the  ideo:  see  Psalms  Iv.  16,  EccL  TiiL  S. 

In  the  Elder  Brother  (Act  iv.  Sc.  4),  a  ^j  1^ 
TIeaumont  and  Fletcher  (or  rather  Iletcnar)  «a 
find  the  following  eimtle :  — 
"  The  quartann,  tertians,  and  qnoUdiaDS 

Tliat    will     hang,    like    terjmaiU,    so    Ua    WMAIp'a 
Bhouhlers"!  ' 

Tbm.  MgOuis. 
Wynne  (4"'  S.  iv.  480.)— T.  S.  M.  wiU  find  ia 
Cassan'e  Livm  of  the  BiAi^  cf  BiA  tmd  Wtik 
a  brief  account  of  the  life  of  Bishop  WymiB,  txam 
which  it  appears  be,  in  1720,  married  Anii^  Aa 
daughter  of  Robert  or  Kichard  Fugli,  of  Bann^tk 
in  the  co.  of  CamarTon,  and  OtA-f'tmo^  go. 
Merioneth.  W.  B. 


4*  S.  IV.  Dec.  25,  '69.3 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


1S7S 


Old  Sayings  (4»'»  S.  iv.  409,  &c)— Of  the  old 
saying  mentioned  by  J.  W.  H.,  I  have  ffequentlT 
heard  one  repated  (with  a  slight  difference  and 
and  an  additional  Terse)  by  an  old  lady  still  living 
in  south-east  ComwalL  The  version  was  as  fol- 
lows : — 

**  *  Whose  little  pigs  are  these,  these,  these. 

And  whose  little  pigs  are  these  ? ' 
'They  are  Johnny  Cook*s,  I  know  by  their  looks, 

And  I  found  them  among  the  peas.* 
*  Go  pound  them,  go  pound  them.* 

*  1  dare  not  for  my  life ; 
For,  though  I  don't  love  Johnny  Cook, 

1  dearly  love  his  wife.'  " 

Wm.  Penoellt. 

Torquay. 

Your  correspondent  J.  W.  H.  (see  ."  N.  &  Q." 
p.  500)  may  like  to  know  that  the  old  song  about 
John  Cook's  pigs,  part  of  which  his  grandfather 
used  to  repeat,  was  current  in  Sussex  aa  well  aa 
in  Yorkshire.  My  mother  used  to  sing  it  to  my 
children  when  they  were  infants  more  than  forty 
years  ago.  I  know  the  tune  auite  well ;  I  consider 
the  song  as  a  duet,  and  subjoin  a  version  of  the 
words  as  I  have  heard  them  sung  by  my  mother— 

Ui  voice,  **  Whose  three  pigs  are  these? 

Whose  three  pi^'S  are  these  ? 
2/t  fi    „        They  are  John  Cook's,  I  know  by  their  looks, 

Aud  I  found  them  in  the  peas. 
\st     „       Go  pound  them !    Go  poona  them ! 
2nd    „  I  dare  not  for  my  life  ; 

For  he  that  ponndeth  John  Cook's  pigs 

Must  never  kiss  liis  wife." 

There  was  an  old  song  which  used  to  amuse  me 
when  a  child,  called  ''The  Irishman*s  Journey  to 
Town ;  or,  the  New  Langolee/'  of  which  I  recol- 
lect only  scraps : — 

/*  Why  then,  sir,  says  I,  may  I  make  bold  to  ask  it, 
If  the  coach  goes  at  six,  pray  what  time  goes  the 
basket?" 

At  that  time  the  accommodation  for  outride 

passengers  was  a  basket-work  seat  at  the  back  of 

the  coach,  as  may  be  seen  in  Hogarth's  picture. 

The  song  goes  on :  — 

''  Then  he  made  up  his  mouth,  and  says  he.  Sir,  the 
basket 
Goes  after  the  coach  a  full  hour  or  two." 

If  I  remember  rightly  Paddy  waits  the  hour  or 
two,  and  finds  the  basket  went  wUh  the  coach. . 
There  are  many  verses,  of  which  I  only  remember 

the  following :  — 

'*  Good  luck  to  the  moon !  for  a  noble  sweet  erator 
That  gives  us  her  light  each  night  in  the  dariE. 

'T^vould  save  the  whole  nation  a  great  many  poondi^ 
sir, 
To  subscribe  for  to  light  her  all  the  year  nrandf  sir." 

There  was  another  old  song,  the  burthen  of 
which  was  — 

**  Needles  and  pins,  needles  and  pins^ 
When  a  man  marries  his  trouble  begina."    . 

M*  P.  M« 


mbprints  owing  to  my  bad  writing:  — 

1.  <«  Fastis,  fbi^  qm  [not  asils],  oapii^"  Ae. 

3.  *  Fve  normd  it,  says  Madam  Downs." 
[Of,  the  dertratlon  of  aorv.] 

XW.tt 
Beckenhsm. 

Skvev  AesB  OT  Mak*8  Lifb  (d''  8.  z,  S38.)— 
It  may  interest  some  of  your  readers  if  I  describe 
a  little  volume  which  I  recently  met  with,  mora 
particularly  aa  it  to  some  eztmt  corresponds  with 
one  deecribedbyMB.CoB8BEin^N.ftQ."(tilji9i.) 
It  ia  in  24mOy  and  was  stall-aoqidredy  at  one  pennTi 
like  many  auch  aoquiritionsy  it  is  wi^ont  titWy 
and  hopelessly  tattered.  A  running  dtle,  **  TbB 
Pious  Sool'a  Divine  Breathings"  ccntiniiea  to 
p.  81;  from  82  to  196^  <' Meditatiooe  on  the  Seven 
Ages  of  Man*8  life  " :  after  which  come  ^  Bules 
fat  Ghxiitian  Walking ''  <<  A  Threefold  Alnhabet 
of  Rules  lior  Ohxistian  Practice/  and  a^'  Momiqg 
Pkayer  for  Private  FamOiee.'^  The  Meditatiow 
appear  to  be  the  same  as  those  said  to  be  br 
Bunvan,  contained  in  the  edition  of  1701  deeeribea 
by  MB.  CoBSBB.  They  are  in  proee:  each  age 
haa  A  rude  emblematical  woodcut,  and  is  preceded 
by  A  text  and  eight  Unes  of  verse,  except  the  flnly 
which  has  dix ;  and  the  whole  condimea  with  a 
poetical  abstract  of  eighteen  lines.  Thf  first 
portion  of  the  volume  is  not  the  same  as  JhraeUetd 
Omten^OaUotu  (see  <'N.  &  Q.''8«>  a  iiL  4S9), 
which  waa  reprinted  in  1808  under  the  title  of 
DiwM  BrtMmgM.  W.  0.  B, . 

ObLBBBAXBD    CHBXBTIAir  BVBIAKS    (4^  S.  £▼• 

512.)— Will  the  following  references  oe  (^  any 
service  to  W.  H.  S.  P— 

Edward  IV.,  Arekaoiogia,  I  875. 

Edward  VI.,  tft.  xii.  884. 

Mary  Queoi  of  Scots,  •&.  i  8. 

Anne  of  Olev^  JBxemptm  ffidonoa^  p.  808. 

Isabel  of  Warwick^  Duchess  of  Clarence,  Doff- 
dale*a  Mcmadiem  (8-voL  ed.),  L  160,  fkom  MB. 
Ootti  Gleop.  0.  XXL 

BiehaidntYevilK  Eail  of  Salisbnij  (fiitfaer  of 
the  Kixtthmaker),  Arnqdel  MS.  96. 

AnneUyde^  Duchess  of  Toik,  andher  ehildm-r* 
atjles.  ineeription  on  ooflbM^ktea^  necoweriea 
TOOvided  fbr  Ihike  of  Oambridge'a  ftmoral,  1661, 
&a,  Addit  M&  1%6I4^  IbL  188,  180, 108, 19^ 
197, 190,  S2a  HxBiODrzBVBii. 

Edzbl,  Evzzb  (4»>  a  Iv.  400,  5S8.)-rM7 
answer  to  ihia  qnery  eontsins  a  mismhit  -  V& 
JSSi^jfMiolm,  Ifaie  twenty-thiid^  read  AgMiMa. 
The  nanie  AjMpioiMnmced  AMngg^  on^tmcffadj 
to  have  been  derived  from  the  leelandie  m^L  a 
meadow,  fmenilly  near  a  low  river,  whenee  ne 
kwri  Bfffliph  wOTBft  ^Itnur  end  Thirilih  Tfhi 

J,0. 


576 


THBWnrTBSwiN  (4">  S.iv.  516.)— Henry  IV. 
vaed  tlie  swan  and  autelnpe  aa  hu  supportera. 
HcDTj  V.  rumoTed  bis  father's  swan  in  favour  of 
t,  lioa  The  swan  appears  hs  b  supporter  on  the 
seal  of  Tfaouias  Plaoiagsnet,  Duke  of  Gloucester, 
youngest  ann  of  Edward  III. ;  hU  father  often 
used  it  u  a  bBd(ie,  nod  appeared  st  the  tourna- 
ment at  Canterbury  in  l^JO  in  a  tunic  emblazoned 
with  white  swans,  with  the  motto  — 
"  H«y  1  h«v  ;  the  BjlhB  snan  • 
By  God't'soul  I  am  tliy  man  !  " 

Ilcnry  IV,  married  Mary  de  Bohun,  Toungeat 
daughter  of  Iluuphrey  de  Uohun.  Mr.  Flanchf, 
in  a  paper  on  "  TIjo  Biuliies  of  the  House  of  Lan- 
uater,  in  the  Journal  of  the  BrUish  Aix-htrohffical 
Aiaadation  (vi.  38.5),  says  ths  swan  was  the  badge 
of  the  De  Bubuns,  not  as  Llarla  of  Hereford,  hut  of 
Esaex,  thuv  having  received  it  from  the  Maude- 
(Villes  Earl4  of  £asex.  These  Msndavilles  and 
also  the  Nevils  bad  a  common  ancestor  in  Adam 
Rti-Swanne  (perhaps  corrupted  from  SweyoJ,  who 
had  large  eatatee  in  EQi;ltuid  temp.  Wilham  I. 
Thus  we  have  tlie  origin  of  this  badge.  The 
antelope  waa  the  immediate  cognizance  of  the 
Bohuna,  and  is  frequently  found  associated  with 
the  swan  as  a  badge.  It  became  a  supporter  of  the 
arms  of  their  pnucipal  descendants— Katharine 
queen  of  Henry  V.,  of  their  eldest  aon  Henry  VI., 
of  John  Duke  of  Bedford,  and  Humphrey  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  hia  brother. 

Jons  Pioooi,  Jus. 

If  your  correspondent  refers  to  Hnrleian  BISS. 
No.  1073  and  3740,  he  will  sea  that  Henry  IV. 
is  aaid  to  have  borne  as  supporters  on  the  dexler 
side  an  anlclopo  argent,  ducally  collared,  lined, 
and  armed  or,  snd  on  the  ainiatcr  side  a  swan 
argent.  For  further  information  see  Willement's 
Seffol  Jleraldry,  p.  27.  Geo.  J.  Armtiaoe. 

KiiklHS  Park,  Brlgboustt. 

OfiLD  OP  Masoxb  at  Favbrsham  Abbey  (4"' 
S.  iv.310,  374,400, 5la)—LewisBBya  tho statutes 
of  mortmain  were  enacted  in  tha  reign  of  King 
Henry  III.,  nnd  that  tlie  monks  of  Faversbiun 
were  affected  b^  them :  both  slalemente  are  erro- 
neous. This  historian  contradicts  himself  on  the 
Utter  point. 

If  Jacob  is  wrong  in  saying  342  houses  only 
produced  48/.  in  l-'i.te,  Mn.  Cowper  is  as  far  out 
tha  other  way  in  giving  10«.  as  the  average  rental 
of  houses  in  1488:  the  sum  is  outrageous.  Jacob 
says  bisfiguresai«basedon''a  record  remaininc"; 
if  this  were  not  eo,  clearly  he  had  the  unblushioK 
impudence  to  fabriuile  the  figures.  The  record 
may  easily  be  among  the  corporation  papers  at 
Faversham  and  be  unknown. 

I  cannot  see  that  I  am  unfortunate  in  pointing 
to  the  old  houses  in  Abbcv  Street.  Mk.  Cowfeb 
fully  admits  all  I  eaid  about  them,  viz,  that  a 
maaoD  would  be  wanted  in  repairing  them. 


NOTES  AND  QUEBIEa 


[4»8.1T.  1 


Mb.  Cowpkb  argues  as  fbllovfl : — if  in  IttS  a> 
given  number  of  bouses,  viz.  33,  produced  a  natal 
of  11/.  IS*.  M.  {nU  Sd.),  anASfiI.Ot.Sd.  hgiag 
the  lamp  sum  of  at!  the  honse^  it  fbllom  diat  a* 
10s.  is  the  average  rental  of  the  tweutj-ihtte 
houses,  the  total  number  at  the  date  in  qnwtioa 
was  forty.  M^  I  be  allowed  to  put  the  cue 
another  way  P  Richard  Drylond  belonged  to  on« 
of  the  best  families  in  Favenliain,  yet  ba  anniiw 
to  have  lived  in  one  of  Uie  twantr-thrae  hooaa^ 
the  rental  of  which  waa  4d,  only.  Now  if  ttgaod 
house  onlv  cost  4d.  per  annum,  surely  Uie  *"'f^ff' 
between  toe  two  above  sums,  viz.  6£  7$.  lOdL,  mmt 
represent  more  than  seventeen  houses.  Monorer 
Southouse  only  gives  a  detailed  aeooont  t£  Oi» 
important  housea — that  is  U)  say,  tboae  held  faj* 
leases.  He  aays,  "Thus  have  we  iofonaed  jam 
of  tbeir  rents  reserved  upon  leases." 

In  conclusioD,  I  will  ask  what  guild  met  at  tha 
oncient  Guild  Hell  in  Tonnerfl'  Street  P  I  know 
of  three  for  certain,  viz.,  the  "  Brotherfaede,"  to 
which  the  barons  of  Faveraham  belonged ;  nexL 
a  "  Brotherhood  of  the  Maas  of  8t  Anne",-  atM 
lastly,  the  Guild  of  Fishers,  dating  certaintj  aaCv 
back  as  temp.  Hen.  IL,  perhaps  earlier. 

GxoB&xBzDO. 

G,  Pulrou  Itoact,  Drixton. 

"The  Sistebs  "  (4"  S.  iv.  516,)— Pbrmit  m» 
to  supplement  my  queries  in  reference  to  Hat  aob- 
ject  byaekingin  whBtcollection,jaubBeoTpriTate, 
IS  the  original  painting  "  The  ^tei^"  by  E.  IL 
Cope,  R.  A.,  to  be  found  F 

Jomr  PiczroBit,  M.A, 

Bolloa  Percy,  am  Tadcaiter. 

Date  of  Grakt  op  Abjm  (4**  8.  iv.BlS.)  — 
Given  the  name,  we  may  find  the  anna ;  girea  tha 
arms,  wemayfindthename.  A.  F.H.doeenntJur, 
yet  inouirea  what  steps  be  can  take  to  find  out  at 
what  dale  arms  were  granted  to  onr  iamfly,  ad^ 
ing  that  they  bear  arms  now.  We  refer  idm  to 
auy  slphnbct  of  arms  under  letter  H;  tkara  Ilia 
date  mav  he  given  of  the  amu  which  be  baa 
neglectca  to  describe,  and  which  may  flMra  b» 
identified  by  him  as  those  now  used  by  tbe  H. 
family.  The  circumstance  of  their  b^ng  a  jonDgar 
branch  does  not  annul  ^eir  right  to  naa  the  pa- 
ternal cost  with  the  due  difference;  denatingfrooi 
which  junior  beat  son  of  the  parent  atook  tliev 
derive  their  descent.  If  no  date  is  Riren  fai  Iba 
alphabet  of  arms,  A.  F.  H.  will  obtain  tha  baat 
inl'ormation  by  pihibitinv  the  arma  tha  hmi^ 
now  bears  at  tho  Heralds^  College.  £.  W. 

The  Redbreast  (4'»  S.  iv.  607.)  —  Had  Hb. 
Sala's  scruples  not  interfered  with  hia  appatil^ 
he  would  have  discovered,  fVom  their  iba,  tluS 
tbe  "  Robins  on  toast"  at  Willard'a  Hotal  WM 
no  relations  of  bis  and  our  fdend  tbe  ww&nmiL, 
The  American  robin  is  a  kind  of  thnub,  wbid^ 
save  in  the  matter  of  a  red  breast,  hM  no  Ra«B- 


A^  S.  IV.  Dec.  25,  '69.] 


NOTES  AND  QUESIES. 


677 


blance  either  in  size,  voice,  or  manners  to  our 
well-known  winter  favourite.  P.  E.  N. 

Old  Wbathbr-Wit  (4**  S.  iv.  509.)  —When, 
at  the  bej^inning  of  this  year,  I  ventnred  to  send 
to  the  Editor  a  few  old  proverbs  rolatinjg  to  the 
weather,  I  was  aware  of  no  work  in  v^hioh  such 
weather-wit  was  classified.  But  since  then,  I 
think  in  April,  an  admirable  little  book  has  been 
published,  with  the  title  :— 

"  Weather  Lore  :  a  collection  of  Proverbs,  Sayingi,  and 
Rules  concerning  the  Weather,  compiled  and  arranjred  by 
R.  Inwanls,  F.R.A.S.,  Fellow  of  the  Britiah  Meteoro- 
logical Society.    W.  Twcedie,  Strand." 

I  beg  therefore  to  recommend  those  xeadert 
who  may  desire  to  study  the  weather  of  the  other 
months  and  seasons  of  the  year,  to  procure  Pro- 
fessor Inwards'  comprehensive  and  well-arranged 
book  of  weather- wisdom,  ancient  and  modern.^  I 
constantly  refer  to  its  pages,  and  very  seldom  with- 
out finding  what  I  want ;  but  often  regret  the 
brevity  of  its  table  of  contents,  and  the  absence 
of  an  index.  W.  H.  S, 

Yaxley. 

Geeek  Epitaph  (4}^  S.  iv.  253.)  — 

«  Here  in  sweet  sleep  the  son  of  Nlcon  lies; 
He  sleep»~for  who  shall  say  the  good  maa  ditt  ?  " 

Your  correspondent  M.  A .  may  refer  his  afflioted 
clerical  friend  to  an  epitaph  written  by  Callima- 
chus,  who  flourished  about  266  years  B.a,  vi«. — 

Koifiarai  *  OviiffKtiv  fi^  \4y*  robs  &7a00^f« 

I  should  bo  glad  to  learn  where  the  music  of 
the  ''  old  English  glee  or  part  song  "  may  be  ob- 
tained. T.  S.  NOBGAZB. 

Sparhara  Rector}-,  Norwich. 


NOTES  ON  BOOKS.  STa 

Supplement  to  First  and  Second  EiBthm  ofBUUrUai 
Memorials  of  IFestminster  Abbey,  by  Arthur  PeDThyn 
Stanley,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Westminstwr.  Wiih  IlUtttra^ 
tions.     (Murray.) 

Since  Dean  Stanley  first  published  his  graphto  and 
interesting  Memoriais  of  the  venerable  Abbev  ovtrwbieh 
he  presi  les,  two  editions  of  it  have  been  called  for.  The 
third  edition  has  been  so  enriched,  not  only  by  the 
Dean's  own  personal  researches,  bat  fay  the  commimiea> 
tions  of  his  friends,  and  as  the  result  of  many  investigations 
made  in  various  parts  of  the  Abbev  itself,  that  the  book 
almost  takes  the  character  of  a  new  book ;  mors  especially 
since  advantage  has  been  taken  to  comet  in  it  tm  over- 
sights almost  inseparable  firom  the  first  issna  of  a  work, 
«verv  page  of  which  is  crammed  with  namss^  datei^  and 
facts'.  The  skilful  pencil  of  Mr.  Soharf  has  alie  bmtt 
called  into  requisition,  to  furnish  pietorial  illnrtraHsBS  of 
many  objects  of  peenllar  interMt  Tbsn^  wlifsb  suss— 
twentv  in  number,  and  tba  additions  and  correetlont  te 
vhichwe  have  referred,  Hwm  tbuttan  a  vsty  tospsst— t 


Supplement  to  the  former  editions  of  the  **  Historieal 
M flOMMrisls.''  We  wish  the  pabUshers  oTall  books  orwUdh 
enlarged  and  improved  editions  tie  called  ftr^  wooAd 
more  fireciiMntly  ibUoir  the  liberal  exami^  thus  set  by 
Ifr.  MuiraT* 

We^mu  of  War ;  bebig  a  SUtory  of  Ann  andJhmesm 
Jrim  the  SarUeH  Period  to  the  Pre&nst  Time,  B§ 
Augoste  Demmin.  With  mearfy  T\oo  Thaummd  nk»* 
tniSotu,  JVmukUei  by  CC  Blaek,  M.A^  Asristtn^ 
Keeper,  South  Keaaington.    (BeU&DaUy.) 

We  gather,  fh>m  the  Introduetion  t^  this  volnme^  that 
tbe  Engibh  translation  is  published  contempofsneomly 
with  tbe  Frenoh  or^lnaL  end'  a  version  whiefa  has  been 
ptepared  fbr  the  use  of  German  antiiittaries.  Bnt  notln 
Pans,  not  in  Berihii,  or  Yienna,  can  its  pid)Iieatlmi  be 
80  wdl  tiflMd  as  in  London,  where  students  of  arms  and 
armonr  have  inst  now  the  advantage  of  examining- the 
fjMued  Meyxiek  Collection  at  South  Ksnthigteo  and  tha 
national  oellaetion  at  the  Tower,  reeantly  re-ananged  bgr 
Mr.  Planehtf.  M.  Demmin  has  devoted  many  yean  to 
invntigating  the  hitioiy  of  weapons  of  war;  not  meiilj 
as  reoordad  by  antkon  who  have  written  o»  the  sal^iee^ 
but  by  a  carefhl  penenal  iaspoetion  of  all  tho  cieal  eol- 
leotions  scatteved  over  Enrope.  Tbe  mult  or  hia  m- 
■earohes  we  bavein  tiie  volume  befora  us,  wtafoh  oonlaiM 
in  one  Une  of  its  title  a  statement  aniteient  to -siampiti 
value.  It  is  illustrated  with  nearly  two  thousand  wood* 
cuts.  When  it- Is  remembered  that  these  Ulustimtloos 
have  been  seleoted  by  so  eomplete  a  master  of  his  art  at 
M .  Demmin,  our  readers  will  tee  how  graat  claims  Us 
volume  has  to  be  oonsldend  as  at  once  a  aeisntifle,  eoA- 
nlete,  and,  what  is  searDely  lisi  valaable^  a  compact  haiido 
book  on  ams  and  annear. 

The  Foeme  ofJbeepk  Fhietmr,  M.jL,  Btettr ^  WWhff^ 
8s0Vh:  nr  the  ^rsi  Ueee  edited  easd  rtfrutitd  imn 
MoHerim-Isitredmetiem  and  iW4w,  wsd  oHgkml  iUns- 
trtthm  and  Fae-^htik.  By  At  Ber.  Alarancfair 
Qnsart    iFfimiedfiwpriwaH  efrcwfaliba) 

BearL,  jihr  Aejhwl 


The  i^PMit  ef  Sir  John  B 
tkm  nilittiitd  emd  edited: 


tnth 


4md Notee, md Bnynseimy t^ Ormet^Bmu    ^thoBi&f. 
Alwrtndtr  Qroaart*    (JTiiittedfu  pfietste  oireedidkM»^ 

In  the  ifavt  of  these  two  new  vdnmss  of  Mr.  Orosartni 
/Ubr  Worthkt^  Library  the  editor  picsento  us  with  tha 
writlngi  of  a  poet,  Joseph  Fletcher  (eonneeted,  as  It 
would  seem,  ooinr  in  name  with  (Hies  and  Fhlneas  Hat- 
cher), who  Is  almoat  aa  entlrdy  ibigotten  aa  hia  woiter 
There  Is  no  aentlon  of  him  to  be  found  in  any  coonlgp 
hlrtoiy ;  and  aeeoidlnff  to  Mr.  Grasart,  MMfognpinca 
know  litfle  more  of  him  and  of  his  poema  Ineaa^  as 
wfli  be  asM  fkon  their  titka— «'Tha  Peilbot-Guaai* 
Bleaaed  Man.**  and  «'Ghiiat^  Bloodle  Sweat,"  are  tf  » 
UgUirdevoaoQal  charaetar;  and  aa  tha  worthy jiaiiott 
of  Wllbye  ezhlbits  a  good  deal  of  ppatia  iM&qft.  tha 
poems  Of  Joseph  Fletaher  will  aaanradly  be  walaumo  to 
wvon  of  aaetfd  poetnr.  The  aaeend  volume  oontaina 
tha  collaetad  poema  or  one  better  known  to  iutm  Sk 
John  Beanmont,  Bart,  the  braChar  of  the  waitkBowft 
tlramaUat  JncaDciiL  and '  whoae  obni  poaaa,  Boawartit 
TIMr  ilrBt_pnhIlshed  In  16S9,  has  ben  snrenl  tIaMS 
rented,  ffia  «Metamoiphoaiaof  Tahaeoo^^'diMlieMl 
to  iJim^uMifjm  Qwy  nowu^Dy  CM  00^^  naBNiy  uias 


In  tha  BJQgli  LIbnrr  la  tim  Brithh  MtMenm, 
whkii  il  wai  aomo  ttae  ainna  lapillad  fayMhOollitf. 
Tbtm,  witlialatgBiMi^bT-af  Bwiailhieini^  ofBoyal 
andOowrtiy  Faooaa  aMaoT  BlateMariporidaof  Wortibai 

itrifUMr Xt*  QtlMrt 


NOTES  AND  QUERIES. 


[1»8.IT.  Dh).S6,YIl 


ladndad  th«p<MauoranT«uthDT*s«>ii,  the  second  biroiicl, 
mill*  op  >  volama  not  inftrior  in  inttrat  to  any  irtucb 
tiM  ftt  tfpeani  in  th«  Fuller  Worlhiti'  Library, 

Tba  late  raeetion*  and  KCCOmpIiBbrd  Fathrr  Front 
little  thou^bt,  when  he  published  in  Btntlafi  Uagotiint 
his  clever  French  pardv  on  Woire's  "  Monodr  on  tbo 
Death  of  Sir  John  Moore,"  and  preteniied  it  had  been 
•rritteD  on  Lallr  Tolleodal,  and  was  (o  bo  found  in  the 
Appendix  to  hia'Uemotm,  how  mdurln);  the  huax  would 
prove.  Twenty  j-eara  tgo  the  true  atoiy  of  thin  boix 
and  of  another,  atlrihuling  Wolfe's  Ode  la  a  Dr.  Marshall 
of  Durham,  was  toU  in  "N.  &  Q."  But  the  Lsllv 
Tollendal  theory  has  cropped  up  again  in  our  eKclleiit 
rontemporsry  L'tnta-mediart,  where  a  writer  Bigning 
lihoseli  ^cAcdf  grarelj  Inquiree  whether  Wolfe  was 
"  trududtore  o  tntditore."  It  is  cleii  that  Aehtti  has 
been  iM. 

The  fine  ohi  church  of  St.  Clement's.  Sandwich,  which 
is  very  fully  dncribed  in  Murray's  HawOoci  of  Sml, 
where  it  is  said  that  ••  it  well  denrvea  a  visit,"  standi  in 
need  orthoroUKh  restorstion.  The  vicar,  churchwardens, 
and  inhalritants  are  makinf;  every  effort  to  accomplish 
this  i  hut  it  is  qnite  beyond  their  mennx,  and  they  are 
compelled  to  aib  as^iatance  fmm  without.  We  cnm- 
mena  their  ■ppeal,  which  will  be  found  in  onr  adrertising 
Folnnina,  to  tJie  attention  of  our  readers. 

Thb  Billed  Societt  will  issue  to  its  members  next 
week  Fart  I.  of  the  Roi[bur(;he  Uallads.  with  short  notes 
by  Wm.  Chappell,  E/<[.  author  of  Pnpular  .Vuic  nf  the 
Oldtn  Time ;  aai  with  copies  uf  the  original  woodcuts  by 
Mr.  Sndotr  Blind  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Hooper. 

Tii£  EARi.r  ENaunii  Tsx-r  Society  will  next  week 
begin  to  issue  to  its  sobscribers  the  following  five  Tests. 
In  iUUriglnal  Series:  I.  TextB,  TrDm  tbe  LandMS-of 
WUUsm'sVisicnofFiersFlowman,  edited  by  the  Rev.  W. 
W.  Slieat.  2.  The  AUiteralive  Romance  of  Trov,  from 
Uuido  de  Colonna,  edited  from  the  unique  M3.  by  the  Re*. 
U.  Puiton  and  D.  Donaldson,  E>iq.— For  the  Society's 
Extra  Series,  S.  Chancers  Frose  1'rsnslation  of  Boethini 
de  Cjnsolaliona,  edited  {torn  the  two  oldest  MSS.  by 
Richard  Morris,  Esq.  i.  Queene  £11izabethes  Achademy 
(by  Sir  Humphrey  Gilbert),  a  Book  of  Precedence,  and 
several  poenss  and  tracts  on  manners  and  conrtear,  edited 
by  F.  J.  Faroivall,  Esq.  with  a  Second  Part  containing  an 
account  of  Early  Italun  Courtesr-Booka  by  W.  M,  Ro^ 
setli,  F.8q.,  and  sn  account  ofThomasin  von  Zirclario's 
WBUchc  y<irt,  and  other  early  German  books  on  courtesy. 
B.  Four  early  tracts  on  Vsgabonds  and  Thieves:  Auds- 
ler's  Fritemitye  of  Vacabondes.  Harman't  Caveat,  or 
Warning  for  Cinnmen  Cnrsetors,  Farson  llabere'e  Sermon 
in  Praise  of  Thievery,  The  Groundwork  of  Conny  Catching, 
For  next  yesr  the  Society  has  nearlv  ready  these  texts  : 
"English  GildH,"  "IlestiarA-  and  Passion  Poems,"  ed. 
Morris;  "Ratting.  Rsving,"  Ac,  ed.  Lumby  ;  "Scotch 
Moral  Poems,"  ed.  Lumby ;  "  Poems  on  the  lloly  Rood." 
ed.MoTTia;  "  Supplication  of  the  Beggars,"  &c.,ed  Fumi- 
vail  and  Denton  ;  Sir  D.  Lyndcaay"B  Works,  Fart  T.,  ed. 
Murray,  &c  Several  other  works  are  In  the  press,  and 
an  early  alliterative  fragment  of  the  ■■  Itomsnce  of  Joseph 
of  Arimathea,  or  the  nistory  of  the  Holy  Graal,"  will  be 

Sroduced  eariv  in  187U,  under  the  editorship  of  the  Itev.  i 
r4ltcr  W.  Sk'eat.  I 

Tub  Si-AuiiHu  Societt,  one  of  the  numerous  pub-  ! 
lisliing  societies  founded  on  the  principle  of  the  Camden 
Society,  which  was  instituted  at  Aberdeen  in  1839,  "  for 

frinting  the  Historical,  Ecclesiastical,  Genealogical, 
opographicsl,   and   Literary    Remains  of   the   North- 


BOOES   AND    ODD  VOLUUSB 

TAKIED  TO  FUBCOISB. 
irtlankn  efrrlca.  •(..ottts  ftnawtaf  Bosks  •■  la  as«t  dfaaal 
mileiiHa  br  wbgn  ihsj  US  fstalied,  irtoH  iuuh  ui  mSttm 


AotErrt  td  Corrctfjicmarntt. 


(t.~BBrkskaatfai 

"Snrm  Km  Quiuu-liggblMialal 
iHutd  In  Mnmn.T  pihth.    Ths  Butaer 

Alt  Sli  Uonlbi  *icniilad  dltwAinlks  I . 

jMrLr  ISDWi  1,  iij  W..  i^if  mu  laiaMW  AwtJI 
witis  u  Ids  gtmnil  lV»t  tMim.  hjIfaBmnr  WlUJaii^ 


ill  »r«uf  ibn  wuild.  las'smMiMliicBiairf  atlkilr  En>iiitliib'7*nv 
inwjrsnipftoiB  Sto  IW  [UlMH.  IThnwuils  oTtUlbi  an  naaalte- 


HinnfketDied  and  icdd  onlf  tf 
PARTRroGE   AND   000^^ 
192,  FleK  StTMt,  comM  ot  Cta 
MAicuoroaaD  lawsiilj  le  issst  in  nhaa 
:,  c.  >  pamr  whldi  £10118  IMlFagadlM  a  h 


INDEX. 


FOXIBTH  SEBIES.— VOL.  IV. 


AbhU  «i  J.  BuTklat,  ■nirt,  3>S 

DtUmnin  fumilj,  STS 

Entntice-npilrj,  Tiiuitj  OtUtC*,  6* 

Si.  D  111  lag  b«,  376 

"  Viudiciciun  oT  tht  Pdmirin  Oborab,'  SH  j 
Ackemunn  (Rii<lol|di),  pnbliilHr,  tOB,  IM 
Addia  (J^hn)  on  "  A  littk  Urd  (uU  «•,*  IM 

B«illtm  betEi:*ra  >Dd  natmmrj,  ItS 

BicciUorwu,  467 

■'C«ll«inlh«ur,')S4 

Chmnnr,  faaid  wonli  b,  t4;  -amataWs"  406 

Dxiai  (Sir  JoLd)  ud  tbt  "AntlNl  ttriw 


>,S42 


332 

Five  tfp.  1l 


UutHih,  383 
PjlbiKorun  htlu,  IM 
Simikc,  its  incinit  muningi,  IH 
SnatT— to  Ukcindudg*Da,8l 


Adi-i.1 


Win 


I  (J.«.pl.),  f, 


11,316 


Q  TJie  ^wrta/m-, 
A.  (E.  H.)  OD  Aciwi  dc  Cutn^  74 
BtwrUoa  (UicbMl).  T4      ' 
Shrrlffa  of  diffareni  ooutia,  (0 
Sun,  iu  f^radu,  S9B 
Air  cash  i  Dim,  9S 

A.  (J.  E.)  OD  Andnn  bmilj,  431 
A.  (L.)  op  -..Kr-colour  punlen,  SOS 
Aibirt  tower,  Ramwj  B«7,  71 
Alci'il  (H.  J.)  OD  upkin  •ap«WltiN,  SOS 

Wuirrn  ia  Kii|rluid,  199 
Akuin  (Fluiu  Albinui),  Uuslo^o,  IM)  kk  8M 

115,  181 
Aldermen  of  London  in  1B23,  T3 
Aldijdge  (R.  W.)  on  ■  fieam  qany,  ITI 
Ahika,  Ihe  Iri/vUiaa  ijbriJmm,  Bli 
Al»r,  »  xicicnt  i>Une.  at  Stou.  in  KMt,  ST^  MT 
AUsn,  vlnraiitr  in  cbaivbn,  IU 
Ammtcar  Anthi^'  einb,  41S 
Ambnaian  lilirmrj,  Milui,  473 
Amctk*,  iU  ducorei;  bj  Ua  flMnt.  SSI 


Andn<  (Major  Julm),  MtK  to  WuhlngUiD,  387,  B43 
'    '  (John),  poet  u*d  diviat,  4S3 

lamiJt,  434 
An^ili'  siuia  aanK  to  St.  DomUn,  4M^  SM 
Angmn.  worth  of  ■  poand,  1 16 
Anglo-SiKiliu  on  tho  Burthwlck  pHngr,  UO 

Butila  of  Biegir  uid  Blind  Bmkj,  S9T 

Dunbu  ciuilo,  JU  fall,  S44 

Kawark  pHri(tt,  38,  176 

Rofno-  (Sir  Wiliiam),  kaL,  16T 

Saderafs,  SOO 
"  ADBOali,'  tbg  t*rir,  130 

AaonTinoxu  Work*; — 
All  ifae  Talenti,  IS 
An  »f  Making  Lon,  74 
Cbarchtg  and  Chnrdi  Sirrim,  4S9 
Drnp  of  tba  Red  fir  Ihoai  irho  lore  ■  drsm,  406 
Ephsmsrla  Firtliinnilaria,  437 
EatDnxdi^  bj  the  Hon,  Hn.  W.  and  Ladj  U, 

389 
Eaaay  (br  ■  OaMml  Bapihtlott  rf  A*  Lnr,  4N 
FmmUm  and  Ti«w,  It* 
ratal  BmU;  «r  Aim*  d*  OMtav  74 
Bolknd'a  Lngaar,  9»4 

LoaJa  XUL,  a  IraRiidj,  373 

Umm  Cirdeii,  136,  SOS 

Kew  Tnck  'a  Cli«t  ll»  Devil,  IBT 

Nan  Tear'a  Gift.  273 

an!  BuDtiM,  b;  Tlieophiliu  BuunliU,  479 

Saol,  a  Diainalic  Sketch,  387 

Snni  Binuir;  «f  iko  Praaant  Inlriinaa,  4M 

Tha  Wiii-ht  af  a  CtMtn,  173 

Vii.ai.-.ii .r  lU  p.  liNiii...  Clinrdi,  »S7 


580 


INDEX. 


Anti-GalHcnn  Society,  83 

Autiphonarium  found  in  Springfield  church,  387 

Appleton  fainilj  pedigree  267 

Apprentices  whipped,  196,  283,  349,  r)47 

Archery,  bibliography  of,  330,  463,  570 

Argos :  Argeios,  446 

Armada,  the  Spanish,  427,  471,  547,  556 

Armorial  book-plates,  409,  518 

Arms,  canting,  134 

Anns,  date  of  grant  of,  513,  577 

Arms,  difiercnces  in,  96 

Arms,  printed  grants  of,  350 

Arms,  trefoils  in,  and  mount  forcre^t,  117,  187, 

Anns  and  armour,  hibtory  of,  577 

Annytage  (Sir  G.  J.)  on  the  Wiiite  Swan,  576 

Arnold  (Samuel),  oratorio,  "The  Prodigal  Son,"  271, 

339 
Artist's  monogram  T«,  512 
Arval-bread  and  supper,  115 
Arron  on  Abp.  Williams's  monument,  453 
A.  (S.)  on  Grinling  Gibbons,  106 

St.  Joim's  day  and  St.  Swilhin,  159 
Ascension-day  custom  in  Florence,  9 
A^hpitel  (Arthur),  disposal  of  his  library,  88 
A>kew  (Anne),  martyrdom,  453,  571 
Aymonean,  origin  of  the  word,  448 
Atkinson  (J.  C.)  on  old  Cleveland  words,  154 

Howse  =  housing,  147 

Vandela  or  Wundailes,  1 1 7 
Australian  prcxs,  398 
Austria,  founder  of  the  monarchy,  45,  87 
Audley  family,  44 

Auldjo  (John)  on  the  ascents  of  Mnnt  Blunc,  261 
A.  (W.)  on  cliap-book  Uterature,  215 
A.  (W.  E.  A.)  on  Golhe's  '•  Faust,"  English  versions, 
259 

Juliana  the  anchorite,  365 

Printer's  apology,  449 
Axon  (W.  £.  A.)  on  Cagliostro,  409 

Dieath-wound  of  Charles  XII ,  17 

Gibbons  (Grinling),  carving,  43 

Jasmin,  the  Barber  poet,  31 

Saltero  (Don),  portrait,  420 
Astell  family,  478 
Aysshelers  =  Obhlar,  96,  147 

B. 

\U.  on  Dr.  Thomas  Fuller,  364 

Uitalbek,  inscriptions  at,  156 

li.accalaureus,  as  used  in  universities,  334,  4G6,  548 

ii.idinguet  (Saint),  a  sobriquet,  197,  246 

ll-tdlesineie  and  Wyvell  arms,  290  | 

It.-is^shawe  (\V.  II.  G.)  on  portrait  of  Prince  Charles 

Edward  Stuart,  84 
Itniley  (J.  E.)  on  Dr.  Wm.  Fuller,  bishop  of  Limerick, 

435 
Fuller  (Dr.  Thomas)  and  Westminstor  petition, 

4G6 
Rothwell  crypt,  441 
liiiily  (Johi.fcoii)  on  tlic  lirst  railway  time-table,  332 
JJaily  (J.  W.)  (Ill  ('M  pewter,  f/Jl 
IJ.iker  family.  478 
U<«ker  (Thoiniis),  .^focius  eject us^  207 
Bolch  on  old  Frt-nch  words,  34 1^ 
ISilch  querits,  233,  285 


Batch  (W.  L.)  on  Balch  queries  233 

Balk,  as  used  by  Shakspearv,  332,  432,  487,  539 

Bally,  origin  of  tlieword,  10.  66,  127 

Bandusia,  the  fountain  of,  458 

Bannister  (J.)  on  Cornish  and  Welsh,  456 

Park  »  a  field  or  close,  146 
Barbier  (A.  A.),  "  Dictionnaire  des  oavimgsa  AiioiiTnwt,* 

227 
Barham  (Francis)    on    Psalm  Ixxz^-ii.  newl/  traat- 

lated,  7 
Barklev  (G.  W.)  on  an  old  ballad,  517 

«' Little  John  Elliott,"  186 

Local  rhymes,  330 
Barlow,  qUm  Walters  (Lucy),  271 
Barnardiston  (Arthur),  master  iu  chancery,  337,  492 
Bamet-by-Ie-Wold,  early  graves  at,  10 
Bar-Point  an  eologium  on  Chatham,  55 

Goldsmith,  parody  on  his  stanxu  on  Wonum,  75 

Marriage  announcements,  407 

Pope's  bull  against  a  comet^  437 
Barralet  (J.  J.),  artut,  293,  395 
Barricades  first  used,  208 
Barrie  (John),  on  the  Rev.  John  Bennett.  409 
Baskerville  (John)  letter  to  Horace  Walpole,  141 
Bates  (Wm)  on  the  bibliography  of  arclwij,  330 

Combe  (William),  201 

Duck  (Stephen),  423 

Engraved  portrait  by  J  Payne,  116 

Etiquette,  524 

Fastiginm,  347 

Filius  naturalis,  374 

Gothe*s  *'  Faust,"*  English  versions,  S58 

La  Salette,  203,  302 

Milton's  "Paradise  Lost,"  ed.  1688,  96 

Poem  on  the  Wye,  545 

**  Pursuit  of  Pleasure ''  quoted,  344  ! 

Rinder-pe&t,  or  cattle  plague,  54 

Bowlandson  (Thomas),  artist,  278 

Schiller,  <'  The  Song  of  the  Bell,"  349 

Smoke,  its  ancient  meaning,  285 

"  Toujours  perdrix,"  464 

Velocipedes,  121  « 

W^ilkie:  **  Beading  the  Will,"  306 
Baynes  (T.  S.)on  Mac^th  the  murderer  of  Bauqno,  376 
B.  (C.  C.)  on  Montpellier  hood,  313 
B.  (C.  T.)  on  error  in  Robinson's  Diary,  360 
B.  (D.)  on  Byron  and  Douglas  Jerrold,  53 
B.  (E.)  on  the  ascents  of  Mont  Blanc,  261 

English  verdiins  of  Golhe's  "  Faosty"  286 

Gibbons  (Grinling),  carving,  43 

Hogarth's  **  Laughing  audience,"  206 

La  Trappo,  246 

Paper,  enrlv  specimen,  145 

Payne  (Wil'lium),  artist,  245 
Beale  (J.)  on  the  Albert  Tower,  Ramsey,  71 

Erse  words  denoting  the  moon,  303,  458 

Inflated  box,  423 

Neither,  rhyme  to,  387 

Peli,  the  Hawaiian  goddess,  116 

Plant  names,  525 

Singular  text,  "  Boys  and  girls,"  387 
Beard  (Air.).  Cinut  newsman,  224 
Beaumont  (Sir  John),  "  Bosworth  Field,**  197 

Poems,  577 
Bebingtonon  kidnapping,  31 
Becker  (Fridricus  Crist<  fferus),  portrait,  334 


INDEX. 


68t 


Bede  (Cutlibert)  on  Miss  Benger,  113 

Dacking.stool,  144 

Lang  (John).  Esq.,  373 

Mammvjag:  lecture,  231 

Proxy  =  quick  tempered^  51 1 

Slift  of  beef,  33 
Bedlam  beggars  and  rosemaxy,  55,  123 
Bedo  (George)  on  assheler,  147 

Cartularies  of  FaTeraham  Abbej,  &e.,  56,  124 

Cbancer'a  bob-ttp-and-down,  509 

Guild  of  masons  at  Faversham  abbej,310, 460, 576 

Houselling  towels,  174 

Monument  in  Faveriiham  clinrch,  513 

Macdonald  and  the  beggar*8  daughter,  499 

Plants,  popular  namej  of,  142 

Stone  altar,  347 

Svrord  of  the  Black  Prince,  363 

Uflfkin,  its  etymology,  76 

Watling  Street  in  Kent,  158,  265 
Beds  and  cushions,  inflated,  95 
Bees  informed  of  their  master's  death,  28,  225 
Behn   (Mrs.  Apbra),  **  Oxenstiema'i  Lettera  |o  her 

Son,"  73,  126 
Beisly  (Sidney)  on  Bedlam  beggars  and  roitmarr,  55 

Popular  names  of  plants,  66 
Belfast  on  medals,  22,  65 
Belgian  postage  stamps,  495 
Bell  emblems  and  inscriptions,  478,  520«  573 
Bells  and  bell-ringing,  41 
Bells  and  spears,  30,  82,  145 

Belli,  the  ditttance  they  may  be  beard,  29;  among  dis- 
senters, 55.  350:   for  dissenters*  ohapeli,  55«  82, 
123,  267,  370,  542;  peals  of  twelTtt  in  England,  9; 
rhymes  on  church,  529 
R.  (E.  M.)  on  Gnyre  of  land,  409 
Bemond  explained,  474 
Benedictionnl  queries,  294,  365,  442 
Benger  (Eliz.  O^iky),  biography,  118, 221,  800 
Bennet  (Rev.  George)  of  Carlisle,  409,  563  ^ 

Bentbam  (Jeremy),  **  Not  Panl,  bat  Jesns,**  451,  488, 

550;  "  Church  of  Enghmdism,"  488,  620 
Beresford  (Emma)  on  Edzel,  Euie,  409 
Beroadntte  (M.),  cousin  to  the  King  of  Stredtn,  172 
Bern  (Dnchess  de),  described,  478,  574 
Berwick  (lUnehgh).  portrait,  362 
B.  (E.  S.)  on  Stafford  family,  234 
Bcsiqne,  a  game,  516 
Hess  of  Ilardwicke,  anns,  409 
Bethel  (Isaac  Btirke),  anecdote,  372 
Bewick  (Wm.),  draughtsman,  biography,  38»553 
B.  (F.  W.)  on  the  meaning  of  "hab,*'  524 
Bible  animal:!,  127 
Biblioteoa  Visniersciand,  559 
Bibliothecar.  Chetham  on  Alcoin's  BiMe,  115 

Decretals  of  Isidore,  490 

General  Literary  Index,  230 
Bickham  (George),  his  works,  100 
Bicycle  in  a  stained  glass  at  Stoke  Pogis,  215 
Bi.c:  (John),  the  Dinton  hermit,  174 
Biggar  victory.  99, 140, 203,  297 
Biileheust.  cheraliers  de  la  Jarretike,  178 
Bingham  (C.  W.)  on  Camel,  the  ship  of  the  dCMTt,  t67 
Fastigium,  274 
'•  Gave  out,"  346 
Miiton^s"  Paradise  Lottt,"  1691,  226 


Bbghwn  (a  W.)  on  Pwiinaiishipb  101 

Pknt  mrncs,  845 

Steer  of  wood,  886 

Sandiab,  247 
Birds'  eggs  nnliidEy  to  Iteep,  1 14 
Bishopt,  ■offbgan,  562 
Bitton  court  nils,  157 
B.  (J.)  on  Sir  W.  Bftkighls  kImo!  of  itbtisn,  688 

Shaw,  the  life  gtumismsn,  176 
B.  (J.  A.)  on  Limerick  treaty,  886 
B.  (K.  H.)  on  Valladolid  potteiy,  410 
B.  (L.^  on  copyright  kw,  18 
BUckMan  Bridge  op«iedi'^78 
Blades  (Wm.)  on  Thomas  Baker,  207 

Gaston's "  Game  and  PUye  of  tht  Chcfse,"  84 
Blair  (D.)  on  **  braided  hair,"  251 

<'  Caramaniaa  Etile,**  825 

Hindoo  stent  rites,  560 

Uephistoplieles  on  the  stagey  254 

Minbean  and  BiTardl,  581 

Kon*natanil  sense,  560 

Tennyson  (A.),  nnieknowMgsd  poem,  276 
Blair  (Bobirt)and  tbs  tinaen  "angel  Ti^iits,"  88,120^164 
Bhuwhf  d'Aitols,  burial  plaes,  176,  226 
Blan^yek  at  Stonyhnnt  ooUega^  116,  165       « 
Blsnldnsopp  (B  L)  so  Bogls-oiniaga,  407 

**  Oram  a  boo^'  826 
Blswitt  (JohnX  nnuloal  wmpossr,  dsatb,  450,  551 
Blight  and  Patefa,  827.  421 

BUnd  Harry  and  the  ^ggar  Hetey,  99, 140^  10%  897 
Bliss  (W.  H.)  so  John  Mathei^s  Isttar,  114 
Blsont  (Ed.)  bsoka  nrintsd  by  bin,  409 
Bloont  (Eliasbsth)^  bir  fflstofy,  198 
Blnebsll,aplant,42,66 
Boass  (a  0.)  on  Oovnt  ds  BomMn,  487 
DanUtt  (Bubeft)  and  UOtflB,  478 
Ptalea  (BosafamX  ^Mention,  487 
TbaopUlos  BoUnlatn.  479 
Udalfls  "  Baistir  Doislsr/  515 
Boggarts  and  Fesrbi,  508 
Bflgb-earriags,  407,  570 
Bohn  (H.  G.)  so  portndt  of  Bobcrt  BnrM^  548 
Bsltsn  Abbey  dsssribsd.  8ML  520 
BsltoB  Ftevy,  tstTMla  from  its  ngistsn,  49 
Bsltoo  (LsYinU  VMsn,  Daabsm  sQ,  217 
BMsparta  (Manolssb)  and  an  asnenatsd  Tillag«i  BTSt 

sseond  umabmt,  81,  105;  tntsrrlsir  with  WislMl» 

51;  IsttMr  to  Uiik  tVUL,  485 
Bsnaftntam  (Oaid.)  wiliiag  bii  msmsin  after  Ui 

dsatb,550 

Beoc(J.W.)sothsdsslraetion«riiindal  MBS,  171 
Cmmbls,  a  kcal  name,  885 
Stags  asaafa  trnvolllng  droi  1810, 860 

Bonoml  (JoMnb)  oo  tha  camsl,  168 

Book  Inaarhtisn,  114 

'*  Book  of  ^^*  a  Tmaisa  of  Irish  kings,  888 

Bonk-platss,  armorial.  409.  518 

Booka,  laifs  pi^sr  aoflsi^  868 

Boiki  TMiatly  yaUUkna :  ^ 

Abbottfis  Sbakoqptrian  Grammar,  168 
Aoadamy,  306 

AndrswiA  Lift  of  OBfsr  Oramwall,  481 
Annnnl  it^^tir.  87 

ArnMs  btaieal  BtaniBiKtneM  flf  iMtopSS 


682 


INDEX 


Books  recently  published : — 

Atkii:i»ou't)  Iil^tu^y  uf  the  Wonderful  Derby  Earn, 

188 
B^ker'M  History  of  St.  John's  College,  376 
Baniti.stcr's  Cii<>ss:iry  i>f  Cornii-h  names,  287 
Barinii-Goulii  on  the  Origin  of  Religious  Belief,  208 
Butty'tf  Cat.-iloL'ue  of  Ci)p|M'r  Coinage,  208 
Beiioiiioiit  (Sir  J«ilm),  PiHjms,  577 
Beinrii>e'M  Guide  to  Derbyshire,  377 
Birks's  IVntutcuch  am!  its  Anatomists,  424 
Boi.k  «f  Wortl.ifs,  88 
Boi)kwonn,  88 

Bntbrcok  on  Indiistri.-il  and  Friendly  Societies,  443 
Brand'b  PopMiar  Antiiiuitics,  by  Hazlitt,  4G8 
Briiwue  (Sir  rimMui.s),  lielitrio  Medici,  &c  ,  268 
Browne  (\Vm.).  Works,  by  Ilaziitt,  351 
Bulwer'.s  IIi>torical  Charucicrs,  551 
Burtoii'.x  Vikiani  i«nd  tlie  Vampire,  469 
Byron  (Lord  and  Lady).  Tiie  True  Story,  308; 

PainttMl  liv  iii.-*  Com[)eerK,  328 
Cse^ar  (Juiius)  Did  lie  crobsthe  Channel?  287 
Calendar   of  State    Papers,   Domestic   Series  : — 
Carew  Manust'iipts,  148;  Ciiurles  I.,  1G37-8, 
148:  Foiviin  Series.  Elizabeth,  1563,  148 
Camden  S«Kii-ty  :  Nurrative  of  the  Spanish  Mar- 
iPlage  Treaty,   148;  Charles  I.  and  the  Cove- 
nanters of  Scotland,  248 
Chronicles  and   Meiiioiials  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland: — U<»irer   of    Hoveden;    Rdlpir  Hidden; 
Annals    of     Osoiiey:     Chronicle    of    Thonms 
"Wykes;  AnnaN  of  tbe  Priory  of  Worcester;  In- 
de.\  to  VHrions  ClinKiicles,  23 
Cobiies  Uiotorv  of  the  Nor:nan  Kings,  350 
Coleri.lce(S.  t.),    l*<'Pms.  307 
Common    l*raver-Dook   of   the    English    Church, 

the  lir.-^t,  307 
Debrett'b  Titled  Men,  377 
Deedes'  Sketches  of  the  South  and  West,  128 
De  La  Kiie*s  Diaries  and  Calendars,  377 
Demmin'a  Weapons  of  War,  577 
Doyle's  Fairy  Lrind,  398 
Duier  (Albert)  Life  and  Works,  424 
Eastlake's  Lite  of  John  Gibson,  551 
Edmunds'  History  of  the  Names  of  Places,  377 
Edwards  on  Fiee  Town  Libraries,  48 
epitaphs  and  Epic  rams,  352 
Evehham,  Heveuitions  to  the  Monk  of,  377 
Fifteen  O's  and  other  Prayers,  469 
Fletcher  (Joseph),  Poems,  577 
Fletcher  (Phinens).  Poems,  268 
Gaskin's  Iri>h  lli.story,from  original  documents,  494 
Gibson's  Fo.k-Speech  of  Cumberland,  88 
Gladstone:  Juventus  Mnndi,  107 
Haverpal's  Fasti  llcreforilienses,  424 
Hailstone's  Portrait>  of  York -hire  Worthies,  351 
Ilazlitt's  Lectures  on  the  English  Poets,  494 
Heaton's  L'f**  of  Albert  Durcr,  526 
Herald  anil  fienenloLMst,  248 
H».od*s  Works,  268;  Tllu.-trHted,  494,  5-20 
Horace's  Odes,  translated  by  Yardley,  67 
Hosatk's  Mary  Quf'^n  of  Scots,  88 
Holt's  Sist.>r  Unx',  527 
Ince  :ii-.d  (liih'-rt's  Eni'li'^h  History,  460 
Larkir.g's  Dome  ('ay  nf   K«-!:t,  47 
Logan's  Words  of  Cumfort,  248 


Books  reoently  published : — 

Lord's  Prayer  Illustrated,  551 

Mackay  on  Sacred  and  Profane  Histoiy,  351 

Macleans  Life  of  Baron  Seymour  of  Sudelej,  188 

Martin's  History  of  Leeds  Castle,  377 

Mercer,  Under  the  Peak,  287 

Murray's    Handbook    for  Wiltsbire,  DoneUhlfV, 
and  Somersetshire,  188 

Nature,  an  Illustrated  Journal  of  Science,  495 

Oliphant's  Beign  of  George  tiie  Second,  424 

Ollier's  Tale  for  a  Christmas  Corner,  443 

Patraiias,  or  Spanish  Stories.  424 

Pearson's  Historical  Maps  of  England,  494 

Peyton's  Oyer  the  AUeghanies,  424 

Pouchet  on  the  Universe,  443 

Prehistoric  Arcliaeolofi^y,  Transactions  of  the  Con- 
gress, 442 

Price's  History  of  Wales,  443 

Quarteriy  Review.  352 

Kae's  Stotutes  of  Henry  VII.,  351 

Begister  and  Magazine  of  Biography,  107,  248 

Riitermaster's  Shropshire  Arms  and  Lineagss,  877 

Rogers's  Scotland,  Social  and  Domestic,  168 

Rogers's  Outlines  of  Bible  Uistory,  469 

Routledge's  Christmas  Annual.  425 

Roxliurghe  Library:  The  English  Drama,  1543- 
1664,  107 

Ryiner's  Foedera,  Syllabus  of,  268 

School  History  of  England,  494 

Seafield's  Literature  of  Dreams.  469 

Seebohm's  Oxford  Reformers,  24 

Shakespeare  and  the  Emblem  Writers,  525 

Shrewsbury  Free  Grammar  Scliool,  188 

Shropshire,  Notes  on  the  Geolo^^^of  Korth,  248 

Smiles's  Huguenots,  527 

Spensei's  Works,  by  Morris,  351 

Stanley's  Supplement  to  Memorials  of  WestmiiuUr 
Abbey,  577 

Sussex  ArchoBoIogical  Collections,  526 

Syrian  Christians  of  Malabar,  268 

Tennyson  (A  ),  Concordance  to  his  Works,  828 

Theocritus,  with  Notes  by  Snow,  287 

Timins's  Family  Readings,  268 

Udall's  Roister  Doister,  248 

Valentine's  Knight's  Ilunsom,  377 

Walford's  Extracts  from  Cicem,  351 

Weld's  Notes  on  Burpnndy,  425 

Wilson's  Book  of  Wonderful  Chancters,  551 

Wood's  Bible  Animab,  127 

Wright's  Clinrchwardent'  Accounts  of  Ludlow,  898 
Border  ballad  scraps,  185,  186,  226 
Bores  =  boars,  408,  503,  547 
Borthwick  peerage,  192,  280,  535,  564 
Bourbon  family,  existing  members.  435 
Boiirnon  (Count  de),  biography.  437 
Bowring  (Sir  John)  on  Bentham's  works,  488 
Box  =  a  musical  instrument,  335.  423,  524 
Boyle  (E.  M.)  on  Benedictine  hc^stels  at  Oxford,  847  > 

Bess  of  Hardwicke,  arms,  409 

Natural  inheritance,  182.  344 

Parker,  (Abp.),  his  arms,  216 
"  Boys  and  girls,"'  a  singular  text,  387 
Bradshaw  (John),  the  rejjicidc,  1C6 
Bradwardine  fiunjly,  125,  244 
Brayley  (E.  W.),  "Ambulator.'*  284,  420 


INDEX. 


583 


Breton  pn.vtrbs,  502 

Brierh'V  (.T.iu.e.-)  on  Whippinp  the  cat,  525 

Brinkli  y  (Dr.  J..lin).  Mshop  of  Cloync,  parentage,  58 

Brin-lfV  (Jnlm),  f:itli»T  and  son  411 

Bristo'.v  (J.  Svi'r).  date  of  his  death,  362 

Britons,  their  national  deities,  255,  316 

Britten  (Jaine>>),  on  Barnham  beeches,  274 

Mistletoe  on  tlip  oak,  330 

riant  namt'.s,  42.  254,  410,  467 
B.  (R.  M.)  on  Franking  new>papers,  216 
Brodie  (Wiliiani),  noticed,  312 
"Brnided   hair,"  in  1   Tim.  ii.  9,251,301,348,421, 


525 


BrouL'liam  (Lord)  and  tlie  Duke  of  Bnckinpham,  146 
Brown  (Franii>),  of  Hulland  Ward,  8 
Brown  (IJ.)  o:i  Can-ick  families,  95 

Ii«'i^.'nt'.s  Canal  and  Fleet  river,  304 
Browi.c  (Sir  Tiiomas),  "  Relijrio  Medici,"  268 
Browne  (Wiilimi)  of  Tavistock,  Workn,  351 
Bruce  (dolm).  Km].,  F.S.A.,  his  death,  398;  tribute  to 

his  nit'inory,  443 
Brudencll  (Franci-).  alias  ^Mira,  411 
Bryant's  )»riv  ite  plates  of  views  in  Sunvy,  435 
B.'(  r.)  on  "  F.naticiMn  and  Treason,"  159 
Bucliaii.m  ((leorj**).  Latin  Psalms,  178 
Buckit'  (II.Muy   Thomas),  bioffraphy,  412,  547 
Buckl»'y  (\V.  F.),  on  Zamariel, /j.'.rM//.,  4S0 
Buckton  (T.  .1.)  on  "  Aiit  Cscsar  aut  nullus,'*  569 

C.innd  —  ship  of  the  desert,  323 

('urvinus  (Matthias),  570 

'Ett  uv(Tit)5,  299 

Drake  (Sir  F.),  introduction  of  potatoes,  568 

Grerk  rin^'  inscription,  569 

lli^^tnrical  evidence,  490 

Joseph  of  N  izaretb,  246 

Loiid>ard  capital,  264 

MeAos,  46") 

Fyth.iijorean  letter,  490 

Riohel  weepiniT  for  her  children,  493 

Iveremou-e,  305 

K'l-ri.ond  (the  Princess),  263 

Sti'cr.  its  me.iiiinp,  420 
Bufr.il...'>i.  Itoyal  Antediluvian  Order  of,  124,  372 
Bull  air.iin.st  a  comet,  437,  543 
BuM.bl'-liH*,  its  derivation,  55,  107,  207,  285,  344 
Bunhnry  (II<'nry  Wm.),  biography,  337 
Bunhury  (  Thomas)  on  Iloneychild  manor,  56 
Buns»n  (Cluvalicr).  Ilumboldfc'a  letter  to  him,  381 
Bunlett    (Sir  Francis),  his  opponent  at  Westminster, 

312 
Burti'indy,  notes  on,  425 
Buri.il   in    churthes,  the  first  opponent,  294;   on  the 

b-ryh  ^i.!e,  43 
liurii.s  SOI  e  ct-l.'brated  Christian,  512,  575 
Biiikt'.  (Mi.ti-r).  a»t<»r  and  musician,  370 
Barn  (.F.  II.),  .iipersion  of  his  collections,  128 
Burn  {.].  S.),  on  llie  word  CHnke,  521 
Burnhani  Ij.-.'ches  274 

Burn.s.  (K')!)«'rt).  lullad^'John  Barleycorn,"  274;  por- 
trait ^    274,    3 IS,    392,    395,    543;    review  of  his 
'•  l'...-:n.s;' 2.V2,  ;J26;    poem,  " To  the  Potato,"  371, 
404 
Burt  n  (J.  M.).  on  John  Knox,  435 
Burt"!!  ( l{i)}»frt).  int'dited  lines,  511 
Buabcl  (^Thomas),  biography,  159,  244,  368 


Basino'rt  Diarj,  410 

Butler  (Lady  Eleanor)  of  Llangollen,  12,  220 

Butler  (Samuel),  poem,  "The  Klephant  in  the  Moon," 

516;  "Hudibras"  quoted,  535 
Buttery  (Albert)  on  biblical  heraldry,  46 
Buxton  (F.  W.)  on  Fraser  river,  478 

Hanging  or  marrying,  525 
B.  (W.  C),  on  anonymous  works,  434 

Bishop  Brmkley,  58 

Civil  War  tract,  55 

Milbourne,  (Pomphrett),  546 

Neol«>gism;  Bore,  547 

Proverbs  and  phrases,  132 

SeviMi  ages  of  a  man's  life,  575 

Sijuele,  a  Cotswold  man,  359 

B.  (W.  H.).  on  "  Libellus  de  Modo  Confiteodi  et  Peni- 
tendi,"  276 

By.  (W.)  on  John  Lang,  Esq.,  490 

Byeriey  (G.  H.),  noticed,  188 

Byron  (Lord)  and  Miss  Clermont,  333;  at  Banff,  29; 
"Sequel  to  Don  Juan,"  157,  244:  anecdote  of  liig 
^  Dm  Juan,"  350;  unpublished  letters,  850.  291; 
annotati-d  copy  of  "  Engli.sh  Bard-,"  495;  portrait^ 
251,  327,  375,  423,  519;  hioirraphical  notes  on  him, 
385;  his  daughter,  386;  "  Memoirs  of  the  Countess 
Guiccioli,"  388;  Mrs.  Store's  .ncandal,  250,  293,  308, 
328,  357,  378,  470,  527,  552 

C. 

C.  on  the  etymology  of  lunch,  182 

Appientices  whipped,  283 
Bumblebee,  285 
Inflated  box,  423 
Caesar  (Julius),  did  he  cross  the  Channel?  287 
Cat;liostro  (Count),  Life,  and  "  De'masqud  k  Varsorie,*' 

409 
Cahill  (W.  J.)  on  "  The  too  courteous  Knight,"  561 
Ciike  =s  an  unwise  person,  74,  127 
Caldar  stones,  512 
Caledonian  forests,  335,  481 

Calveley  (Sir  Hugh),  ancestor,  217,  265,  280,  343 
Calvin  (John).  "Commentaries  on  the  Ps.dms,*'  534 
Cambridge,  origin  of  the  name,  401.  564 
Cambiidge,  History  of  St.  Jolnrs  College,  376 
Cambridge  tig,  a  silver  cup,  74,  144 
Camden  (Wm.),  ancestry,  30 
Camel,  by  whom  first  called  "  the  ship  of  tlie  desertj" 

10,  168,  267,  323 
Campbell  (Thiimas)  "  Lochiers  Warning,"  532 
Campbell  (Thomas)  on  plant  names,  467 
Campkin  (Henry)  on  Prior**  "  Hans  Carvel,**  375 
Cana,  miracle  at,  198 
Canada,  Christianity  in,  95,  267 
Candidate  Jobs,  1 57 

Cunsick,  origin  of  the  name,  95,  286,  305,  466 
Canting  arms,  134 
Capell  (Richard),  noticed,  387 
Canls,  history  of  playing,  225 
Cards  without  queens.  157,  225,  324 
Carew  manuscripts,  148 
Caricatures  and  satirical  prints,  494 
Camac,  oji:;in  of  the  structure,  1, 58,  77,  98,  138,  IGl, 

202,  242,  283,  302,  324 
Carre  (W.  H.)  on  Gaiosboroagh^s  *"  Blue  Buy,"  41 


584 


INDEX. 


Carnap:e,  oriprinal  use  of  the  word,  387,  522 

Carringtnn  (Evelyn)  on  gohl  finding,  155 

Gartwright  (Win.)  and  Sir  John  Denhnm,  oil 

Castleton  steeple,  315 

Cattle  plague,  remedy  for,  54 

Canteles,  i\H  moaiiing,  13G 

Carallier  (Jean),  the  Camisanl  cliiuf,  53 

Caxton  (Wm.),  "  Game  and  Playe  of  the  Chesae,"  3  4 

C.  (B.  H.)  on  r.othwell  crypt  and  Nascby  battle,  295 

Suez  canal  and  the  Bible,  531 
C.  (C.)  on  the  register  of  Sa^ine8,  172 
Ccntcniii  ianiam.     See  Longevity 
C.  (F.  W.)  on  ancient  prophecies,  273 
C.  (II.)  on  "  The  Pursuit  of  Pleasure,"  254 
ChMlicrs.  wooden,  46 

Chaikliiil  (John),  "  Thcalma  and  Clcarchus,"  93 
Ciialnicis  (Dr.  Thomas),  memoiial,  495 
Chanibol.iin  of  London,  365        * 
Chamill.irt  (M.)f  letter  respecting  Jean  Cavallier,  53 
ChHnipprnowne  family,  65,  206 
Chaijcf  (F.)  on  Byron's  memoirs,  398 
C.iiibritlge,  origin  of  the  name,  401 
IIii8<-ar,  its  derivatinn,  434 
Chancery  CI  w-e  IJolls  in  Irrlnnd,  435 
Cliandieu  (Antoine  do  la  Itoche),  poet,  480 
Chap-b-Mik  literature,  215 
Chapt'l,  a  meeting  of  printers,  192,  247 
Chajisi.an  (GiNirge),  hymns  of  Homer,  IGG 
Cha]<pcil  (Win.)  on  angels'  music,  450 

Mf'Aof,  its  meaning,  4S9 
Cbailes   I.   and    the   Scottihh   cownanters,   248;    the 

Spanisii  Marriage  Treaty,  148;  medal,  156 
Charles  XII..  his  death- wound,  17 
Cliarno«.k  (R.  S.)  on  Crumble  in  lopcgriphioal  name?-", 
570 
Gazette,  257 
Glen,  itii  derivation,  522 
Gough,  a  surname,  371 
Steer,  its  meaning,  420 
Wig,  its  derivation,  468 
ZeccH,  its  <!erivHtion,  569 
Chatham  (Ut  Earl  of),  eulogised,  55 
Chattan  dan,  103.  322 
Chancer  [Cliam-y],  Elizabeth,  anno  1331,  173,  226, 

267 
Chancer   (GofTivy)   and   Boccaccio,   292  ;  "  Sclsippes 
Hoppc^tcH's,"  114;  "Bob-up-and-down."  50S;  thro- 
nolov'v,  305;  "  Col-fox,"  and  "  Gattothed,"  3;>8 
Chaulieu  (B  iron  dc)  on  the  Billehcu>t  family,  173 
Chemitype,  tlic  process  described,  115.  183 
Cherry  (J.  L.)  o:i  trefoils  in  ann^,  137 

Hut  h".  ell  cry  fit  and  Naseby  battle,  374 
Chester  c-jMI.-,  196,  247 

Ciicsier  (Hu:li,  Earl  of),  his  o.iughter  Aniicia,  "34, 
419,  .')42 
hignoiis.  556 
Chikott  (.1.  G.)  on  Sir  Orlando  G^-e,  21 
Chi^w:ck,  the  Old  Style  house,  561 
Chittehln.O:,'  «m  portraits  cf  Burns,  318;  of  Byron,  375, 
394 
Covvi.ei's  mother's  picture,  373 
Wilki-.,  -  Ke-.ding  the  Will,"  371 
Chowder  p.iity,  157,  244,  306,  546 
Christian  naiues  and  miti.ils,  512  * 

Christmas  king  at  Downside  college,  505 


Christmas  times  in  Biittany,  498 

Church-building  phrases,  173,  288 

Church-doors,  human  skin  on,  56,  101 

Cigars,  early  notice,  SO 

Cirencester  Abbej  register,  515;  seal  of  the  abbot,  890-, 

490 
C.  (J.  H.)  on  inflated  box,  335 
Nursery  jingles,  27 
Scottish  ballad,  273 
C.  (J.  L.)  on  Hunt's  "  Christ  in  the  Temple,**  33S 

Sinzinincx,  its  derivation,  863 
Clarke  (Archdeacon  Galiriel),  biograplij,  584 
Clarke  (Hyde)  on  G.  H.  Byerlej,  188 

Kiobe,  the  statue  of,  218  ; 

Stuarts  and  freemasonry,  137 
Yoghoort,  166 
Clarry  on  Lecky's  '*  History  of  Morals,"  9 
Marriage  in  a  prohibited  degree,  514 
Wilkie,  •*  Reading  the  Will,"  234 
Clermont  (Miss)  and  Lord  Byron,  333 
Cleveland  words,  154 

Clifford  family,  125,  244;  arms,  451,  546 
Clock  striking  thirteen,  213,  325,  343 
Clovio  (Don  Giulio),  the  illuminator,  437,  547 
C.  (N.)  on  Sir  Wm.  Wallace's  statue,  106 
Coach-travelling  circa  1820,  360 
Coals,  their  price  in  1715,  512 
Cohham  family  pedigree,  197,  247,  804,  S4B 
Cob's  Hall,  187 

Cocker  (Edmund),  his  works,  100 
Cockney  rhyme,  29,  87,  124,  208,  325,  461 
C<  inage,  copper,  of  Great  Biitain,  208 
Coke  (Sir  Edward),  engraved  portrait,  116,  184 
C-ldstream  Guards,  badges,  190 
Cole  (Henry)  on  sciences  in  the  1 6th  centary ,  583 
Coleridge  (Hartley),  parody  on  Wordsworth*!  "  Lucy,** 

85 
Coleridge  (S.  T.)  "  Poems."  307 
Colet  (John),  history  of,  24 
Col-fox,  as  used  by  Chaucer,  858 
Collier  (J.  Payne)  on  Henry  Crabb  BoUnson,  165 
Collycr  (Lieut-Col.)  of  Jersey,  157,  349 
(Jombo  (C.  F.)  on  Burdett  election,  318 
Combe  (William),  life  and  works,  14,  15,  86,  90,  111, 

129,  201 
Cotnb^,  leaden,  232,  326,  419 
Comet,  pope's  bull  against  one,  437,  543 
Co<riie-alities,  works  on,  47.8,  494 
ComP'.on  Prayer-Buok  of  the  English  Church,  th«  firat. 

307 
Coiifii-hionil  box,  a  medieval  curiasitj,  660 
Consfils  lie  Prud'hommes,  125,  183 
Coi'^talih  (Arch.)  letter  to  David  Hunter,  355 
Co.  k  (W.  B.)  on  Robert  Blair,  120 
Co:>k(!  (Chr.)  on  Grantham  custom,  85 

Joseph  of  Nazareih,  174 
Co)];«  (Matthew)  ou  fice-masonry,  47 
Cnoinbe  water-pipes,  532 

CiMij»er  (W.  Durrant)  on  punishment  by  drovninr.  9S2 
Coik;  (E.  M  ),  painting  *'  The  Sisters,"  515,  576 
C-)plc^toue  family  arms,  75,  147 
C'  i.yright,  the  law  of,  13,  65 

Coritey  (Bohon)  on  balk,  a  fragment  on  Shaktpviaa 
glossaries, 332, 432 ;  windlace,  886:lareh, 447; mr. 
510  ^^' 


INDEX. 


585 


Cornish  and  Welsli,  406,  456,  530 
Cornish  Mystery  pliy,  114 
Cornish  n.inies,  local  anJ  f;inii!y.  237 
Cornub.  on  Dui'  !i  tr.irJenint::  book,  274 

Fiiirfax  pclijjrei?,  176 

Gascoi^nc  (Tiios  ).  "  Dictionariism,"  218 

Grcsinaii,  174 

Letters  from  Royali>t',  532 

Nous,  a  slansj  word,  272 

Sheffi''Id  (Sir  Thomas),  175 

Van  Leniiep's  tales  in  Eni;li.-h,  277 

Wauton  (Col.  Valentine),  216 
Corvlnus  (Matthia.s).  434.  570 
Cosa  in  Aijro  Thurino,  269 
Cottell,  (W.  H.)  on  Rnsby,  or  Rushi.y,  11 
Couch  (T.  Q  )  on  church-huil  in^  jilirase.-*,  173 

riilarv  at  Kast  Looe,  1S7 
Covilard  Ci'iutoau,  157 
Coura-^h,  a  holv  well,  389,  550 

Courayer  (P.  F.  le),  '•  0:d. nations  of  the  Enslish,"  496 
Court  frorsij)  and  scandal  in  1784,  55,  106 
Court  n.'wsmen,  224 
Court  or  inanyr  house,  175  , 

Courtney  (\V.  P.)  on  Sir  T.  Ovorbury^s  "  Wife,"  396 
Cuw,  milk  of  the  black,  362 
Cowj)or  (B.  II.)  on  Tauchnitz  Testament,  301 
Cowper  (J.  M.)  on  legend  of  Our  Saviour,  234 

Guild  at  Faversham  abbey,  519 

R  Uhwell  crypt  and  Naseby  battle,  440 
Cowpcr  (Wm.),  his  mother's  picture,  290,  373 
Cpl.  on  Bryant's  views  in  Surrey,  435 
C.  (Q.  B.)  on  deiivation  of  glen,  362 
Crasliuw  (Richard),  lines  on  the  miracle  at  Cuna,  198, 

244;  his  patrons,  450 
Crawford,  (C.  E.  G.)  on  "  The  Oaks,"  Woodmansterne, 

85 
Crickets,  singinir,  9 

CrietF(T.  S.)  on  l)i!)li()j;raj.hy  of  p'l'.ctnallon,  512 
"  Croiii  a  bo..,"  Leinsler  motto,  247,  326 
Cromwell   (Oliver),    intended   flight    to    A^nerica,   11; 

medal    158;   his  Life,  469 
CrOi[ue!,  it  J  derivation,  141 

Cro-ics,  f-t  )ne  pillar  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  97,  204 
Cro-sley  ('li'nry)  on  Asmonean,  448 

D<'v  Kisliire  supersliti :»n,  506 

Modern  Keuiies  in  Palestine,  309 
Crossley   (James)  on  F.tz-IIarry's   *'  Promised  Seed," 
445 

Pej)ys  (Samui'l)  and  Thomas  Firmin,  433 
Crumble,  a  local  name,  335,  491,  570 
Cuvkins  stol,  61,  62,  144,  205 
Cucki.openners,  a  crii  ket  club,  233,  305 
Culverkeys,  its  derivation,  86 
Cu'.nberlanl  diak-ets,  88;  saying,  133 
Cunninf:li:im.  origin  of  the  surname,  63,  179 
Cu>hnie  (Kw.  Patrick),  the  last  n  .njunr,  214 
C.  (W.)  on  Parliament,  a  legal  council,  185 

Wi.yiii.g  or  Wayland  familv,  435 
C.  (W.  B.)  on  humble-bee,  55  ' 

Cainac,  its  derivation,  324 

Cockney  rhyme,  325 

Galatiaiis  iv.  18,  84 

H;Uiyard  motto,  371 

lona: I m,  325 

Lace  of  ground,  324 


C.  (W.  B.)  on  Martial  expurgated,  350 
Misou  and  Campbell,  9 
M6'Aos=  misery,  294 
Piessis,  22 
Quotation,  314 
Subsidence,  22 
To  lie— under  a  mistake,  56 
Wig,  its  derivation,  463 

C.  (W.  S.)  on  the  Rev.  Dr.  Fellowes,  118 
Cyril  on  dandepratt,  an  old  coin,  173 

Junius  and  Francis,  195 
Legal  fiction,  148 

**  Sing  Old  Rose  and  bum  the  bellows,"  148 
Cywrm  on  Llandudno,  547 
Spanlsli  armada,  547 

D. 

D.  on  sonnet  :  "  Let  no  gainsaying  lips,*'  134 
A.  on  Cowper's  mother's  picture,  290 

Milton's  belief  in  astrology,  295 

Population  of  London,  tewp.  Henry  II.,  143 
Dalton  (John),  dramatist,  571 
D'Alion  (John),  his  manuscripts,  19,  65 
Dalton  (Rev.  Jolm),  on  lTrtov<rios,  299 

Mai  (Caid.)  and  the  Ambro^kn  library,  472 

Vatican  library,  383 
D' Alton  (Wm.)  on  the  D'Alton  MSS.,  65 
Dalziel  (Messrs.)  "  Illustrated  Bible,"  294 
Dame  as  a  title,  136 
Dandepratt,  a  silver  coin,  173,  246 
Dan  vers  family,  296 

Dart,  the  river,  derivation  of  the  word,  407 
Davenport  (J.  M.)  on  Brunetto  Latiui,  174 
Davies  (Alexander)  of  Ebury,  478 
Davios  (E.  C.)  on  the  Danmow  fiitch,  194 

National  debts  of  Europe,  74 

Bobinson  Crusoe's  island,  214 
Davies  (James)  on  "  Slift  of  beef,"  87 
Davies   (Sir  John)   "Orchestra"   and    the  "Ancient 

Mariner,"  232 
Davington  priory,  engravings  of  its  refectory,  56,  104, 

124 
Davies  (J.  E.)  on  George  Vincent,  artist,  548 
Davis  (M.  D.)  on  the  Sabl^th  Epistle,  132 
Davors  (John)  and  "  Tbo  Secrets  of  Angling,"  91,  177 
Dawson  (Benj.)on  ecumenical  or  oecumenical,  549 
Dawson-Duffield  (Dr.  R.  D.)  on  family  hiitory,  197 

Holland  sleeves,  451 

Monumental  brass,  514 

Neville  (Robert),  daughters,  560 

Ripon  spurs,  346 

St.  Alkelda,  297 

Simpson  family  pedigree,  11 

Wayling  or  Wayland  familv,  544 

Weld  family,  534 

Wyvell  and  Badlesmere  arms,  290 

Yorkshire  folk-lore,  212 
Day  family,  215 

Day  (Dr.  George),  Bishop  of  Chichester,  453 
Day  (M.  D.)  on  Baker  family,  478 

Troutbeck  family,  276 
D.  (D.  W.)  on  "  Tiie  Lady's  Last  Stake,"  349 
Dean  (J.  W.)  on  Cromwell's  intended  flight  to  Ameriea, 

n 


.» 


586 


INDEX. 


"  Dpar  me,**  use  of  the  phrase,  531 

Dei'orntion  of  honour,  253,  441 

I)ce  (Dr.  John)  noticed.  C3 

De  F.>iJ  (Diiiui'l).  fifit   puhlioa'i.n«,  252,  307,  477; 

"  History  of  thu  Devil,"  409,  515 
Di>f<irincil  tran^f•lrII!i>a,  133,  20G,  2G6 
De^iriviTS  (IVter  ,  inedioal  quiirk,  311 
D.  (K.  II.  W.)  on  (Iiinliii;:  (iitilhrtw,  IOC 

Cornish  iny&tcry  |,lay,  115 

Dii('k:ii(:;-.st<Hil,  144 

Pilli^ry  at  Eii.'-t  Loop,  Cornwall,  116 

Wo.hl-rut^  ill  thiily  papi'r.-*,  327 
Delainain  (Mr.)  auiiior  of  "  J.uve  ami  Honour,**  513,  573 
Delainare  family,  4.VJ 
Drl.'inu  (.T.iiiii'.-.)  nil  S:iniU(l  SjHieii,  305 
Dciany  (Mrs.)  nutici'*!,  o75 
Delepiorre  on  Paroiiii's,  11 

Poli.sli  wivos,  371 
Do  Moravia  on  broi'irrcil,  301,  525 

Coin  of  tlMnirs  II..  389 

ProMuneiiition  cf  piiiner,  514 
Dennys  (John),  "  Tiie  SSt^crcis  of  An^jling,"  91,  177 
Deu  Duce  on  initial  Cliristun  muncs,  512 

l{ogi-.t»T  of  Cire:;ci»sti'r  abbey,  515 

Sundial.*',  524 
Depondnble,  a  new  word,  558 
Derby  (Edward  Geoffrey  Smith  Slauley,  14th  Earl  oQ, 

deatli,  378 
Derby  d-iy,  rnlc  f.-r  fixinj;  it,  20 
Derby  Ram,  its  ballad  history,  loS,  247 
Derby. shiri.',  /ruidtt  t«»,  377 
Desire,  its  liilfiiifnt  n  raii:n«;s,  293,  522 
Devonshire  folk-Kire,  330 

Dewiik  (E.  S.)  on  etynn,lo;ry  of  Whit- Sunday,  266 
De  Wilde  (G.  J.)  por'trait  of'a  lady,  45 
D.  (F.)  on  filins  naturaJi^  280 
D.  (G.  F.)  on  chemityje,  184 

S.r  Tiiouius  Moiieu.x,  327 
D'Hclo  (M.)  inusival  compober,  513 
D.  (H.  II.)  on  Bishop  Geste,  90 
Dibdin  (Charle.s).  son.cj.s.  359,  488,  571 
Dinner  cu.-*tom.  arm-in-arm,  409,  540 
Ditchfield  on  lIo^'urth>i  *' Lady's  L.vit  Stak-?,*'  304 

Litii.i  (Bninetlo)  lettora,  304 
Dives  family,  ,"12 
Dixon  (J.)  on  co(  knoy  rhymc»  87 

Geminus  (riiomaj*),  507 

Swaddler.s.  370 
Dixon  (J.  J I  )  on  Ascpiiaiun-ii^y  en^^tom,  9 

Cli.ii-.el,  a  printer'.s  term,  182,  247 

"  Dsrby  Kain,'  a  ballad,  247 

York^hiro  ballad,  488 
Dixon  (K.  W.)  on  /j;la.ss  i.:iintinp,  332 
D.  (.1.)  on  Shake <p:Mre's  "  Meayure  kr  Moasnrc,"  94 
D.  (M.)  on  omen  of  ill-luck,  213 

"  Slift  of  beef,"  87 
D.  (M.  E.)  on  St.  John  the  Evan«:clist,  452 
Doano  (Mr.)  c  art  newsirau,  'x*2  t 
D«)ctors'  Commons,  litt-rary  rote:»vc.!;es  at.  352 
Dodo  portraits,  100,  201,303,  397 
Donkeys,  fate  of  d.-ad,  134,  26:5 
Donne  (Dr.  John)  and  tlio  More  family,  294 
Doranfje  on  livre  Toumnis,  485 

Lieut.  Wade  .ir.d  Ensign  Mavleni,  114 
Dorihlaus  (I.viac)  ancestry,  40 ;  and  the  Wliitc  Swan 
IDD,  253 


Dorsetshim  handbook|  188 

Dor>etshire  pedigrees,  168 

Douce  (Francis),  coUectioD  of  prints,  470 

Dougbs  (Janet),  executed,  125 

D'Oy ley  (Wm.).  his  wife,  116 

D.  (K.)  on  lUphaern  *'  Death  of  Abel,*'  262 
Drake  (Sir  Francis),  descendants,  160;  and  tk«  intro- 
duction of  potatoes,  436,  568 

DrapiT  (H.  K.)  on  pronunciation  of  liare  and  hair,  S74 
D.  (R.  E.)  on  Hikca  liuee,  449 
Dreams,  literature  and  curiosities  of,  469     , 
Driehtine  explained,  331,  504,  570 
Drowning,  punishment  by,  160,  222, 340 
Drum  s=:  an  assembly,  292 
Dryden  (Hobert),  cylindrical  niachinee,  215 
I).  (T.)  on  plioto^raplier's  adage,  114 
Ducan;;e*s  ^lediteval  Latin  Dictionary,  425 
Duck  (Stephen),  thresher  poet,  347,' 423,  549 
i  Duckin^-btool  at  Leominster,  61,  144,  205 
Dulwlch,  its  medicinal  spring,  233,  284,  347,  522 
Dunbar  (Cattle,  its  fall,  408,  544 
Dundas  (General),  poem  on,  233 
Dunino  rock-basin,  19 
Dunkin  (A.  J.)  on  finst  book  printed  bj  staam,  S86 

Englibh  wines,  574 

Fi^'  Sunday,  286 

Lace  of  ground,  253 

Whitebait  :  blanchuillc,  571 
Dunkin  (E.  H.  W.)  on  Gibbons's  carvings,  260 
Dunkin  (Hobert) and  John  Milton,  478 
Dunmow  iiitch,  194,  262,  344 
Dunrobin  Castle,  derivation  of  ilie  name,  487 
Durcr  (Albert),  Life  and  Works,  424,  526 
Dutch  hpinning-houscs,  391 
Dutens  (Louis),  noticed,  540 
Dutton  (John),  Cumberland  poet,  326,  493 
I).  (W.  T.  T.)  on  epigram  by  Dr.  Haw  trey,  44 
Dyer  (T.  T.)  on  ducking  and  cueking-stool,  205 

Punishment  by  drowning,  340 

E. 

Enster-day  in  1367,  34 
Eburacum  on  Isabel  Scrope,  42 

E.  (D.  C.)  on  Scrope  family,  42 

Ed«n  (Kichard),  circa  1553-1576,  277 

Edgehill,  battle,  329 

"  Edinburjrh  Review  "  and  Shake^pea^e,  249,  382, 

338, 367,  432,  487,  510,  538 
Edtication  in  Scotland  in  1549,  475,  570 
Edward  the  Black  Prince,  hia  sword,  363,  490 
Edzel.  Enzie,  origin  of  the  names,  409,  528,  C75 
EJzcl.^john,  its  locality,  409,  623,  575 
Ej:.i:k  :  the  phrase  "  five  eggs,"  242,  826 
E.  (II.  D  )  on  Henry  de  Elreton,  274 
Einfiiltitj  =  simple,  253,  327 
E.  (J.  D.)  on  Miss  Monk,  116 
E.  (K.  P.  D.)  on  Lucy  Barlow,  or  WaUt-rs,  271 

Chronique  du  Roy  Richard  II ,  295 

Lceuwenhoek*8  epitaph,  292 

Warwickshire  folk-lore,  212 
Elizabeth  and  Isabel,  the  same  name,  84 
Ellaconibc  (H.  T.)  on  rin;:  of  twelve  bella  at  Toi^  9 

Bell  inscriptions,  573 

Bulls  and  spears,  30 

Bells,  model,  and  bell- ringing,  41 


INDEX. 


687 


Ellaconibe  (II.  T.)  on  liitton  court  rolls,  157 

Elcee,  oil  b»e  .sujHM'stioiis,  521 

Ellis  (A.  S.)  on  C.ihliain  family,  348 

8oi)t(Mi:iy  t;iinilv,  319 

Strt'llt'V  aiiii  Vav.isoiir  ^ami!i^^■5,  5"iO 
Elmes  (I).  (J.)  (»n  CAindcir.s  ancivslry    30 
Elroton  (ilciii-y  <lc),  arcliUert,  274.  375 
E.  (M  )  PhilniU'Iphia,  on  London  aldermen,  73 
Eml)k".n  littTaluio,  G'if) 
Enibleiiis,  sacred,  2:53.  300 
Empiovie  as  an  Kii<;lisl»  word,  4()S,  "jTiG 
p]np;li,'lieart  ((ie.>.),  miniiiurc-j-aint-.M-,  31 
En_i;iih  ii:  .-raturt;  in  Cifruiaiiy,  47.") 
Engravers,  living;  Kiii^ii.sli,  l.')7 
Enf;ravint;s  .ihi-' ad  and  in  tiip  co!onio.-«,  173 
Eninii.  ori^.ii  of  rlio  word,  172,  223 
Entlm>o,  a  new  word,  512 
'ETTiot'nnoy,  its  raeanini,',  215,  243,299,  420 
Epiocojial  amis,  197 

Epitaphs : — 

An  Apiiitect  in  Walton  cliurcli,  271 

Bri:;kh'v  (lOliz.ib.-tl))  a'  Woodbridi;.',  58 

IJirtli  IS  a  pain;  lite,  1  ab  )nr,  cHro,  toil,  tbrall,  450 

Eairf;tx  (Thomas  Lord)  and  his  wife,  50 

Foster  (John),  head-master  of  Eton,  466 

Geo  (Sir  Orlando)  at  Isleworlh,  21 

Gn-y  (William),  194 

Greek  :  "  Here   in  sweet  sleep  the  son  of  Dikon 
lies,"  2.-i3,  023,  577 

Leenwonhotk  (A.  A.)  at  Delft,  292 

J^eydon,  iii.-.cr:;.t:o  .s  at,  333 

ra'ter.on  (liobiM),  "Old  ^I-  rtality,"  495 
Epitaphs  as  advorlisemcnts,  45,  105 
Erasmus,  his  career  at  Oxford,  24 
Ercilla's  "  Araucana,"  116 
Ercstein   (Carl  \o\\)  on  quotations  from   Shakspcare, 

277 
Ernest-Angu>tn.s,     Dako      of      Branswick-Luneburg, 

medals  «)f  him  and  his  father,  53 
Erse  words  dcnotiuir  the  moon,  229,  303 
Espedare  on  the  derivation  of  Cuningham,  62 

Carnac  :  Rlies- Raise,  202 

Filins  naturalis,  566 

Scott i.s!i  les>er  haronu,  70 
Estcourt  (Sir  Win.)  duel  with  Ilenry   bt.  John,  275. 
•  418 
Ebte  on  liyroniana,  157 

Chowd'.T  party,  157 

Modern  gipsies,  21 
Etiquette,  ori^^in  of  the  word,  215,  285,  421,  &z4 
Evesham,  the  Revelation  to  the  monk  of,  377 
E.  (W.)  on  Rorder  ballad  scraps,  185 

runi>hmt'nt  by  drowning,  340 

Rom-r  (Sir  Wilham),  knt.,  545 

Snib  the  d')or,  545 

Youart  :   Yo<i^hoo:t,  187 
Exhibition  of  tiie  works  of  the  Old  Masters,  469 
Exhibition  of  Works  of  Fine  and  Industrial  Art,  128 
Exning,  co.  Siffolk,  church  relica  foaad  there,  513 


F. 


Fabyan's  "  Chronicles,"  an  erratum,  152 
Fairfax  family,  49  ;  pedigree,  176 


Fairholt  (F.  W.),  collection  of  pageants,  425 

Fairies  of  Yorkshire,  132 

Falconer  (A.)  on  Caledonian  forest}^,  335 

Scottish  refjalia,  363 
Falkner  (T.  F.)  on  Whittington's  shield  of  arms  and 

Kione,  57 
Fallon  (J.  iM.)  on  the  "  Book  of  Ri-hts."  338 
Family  of  Love,  works  on  the.  356,  404,  430,  442 
Fastigium,  an  inscription,  274,  346 
Faulkner  (C.)  on  DoddiuL'ton  customs,  506 
Fauntleroy  family  arms,  56,  125 

Faversham  Abbey,  cartularie>«,  &c.,  56,   124;  its  ma- 
sonic guild,  310,  374,  460,  519,  576 
Faversham  church,  its  ancient  monument,  513 
Fawcett  (Henry)  on  Giles  Lawrence,  123 
F.  (C.  P.)  on  flinter- mouse,  2:')4 
Fecamp  abbey,  Normandy,  116,  205,  247 
Fellowes  (Dr.  Robert),  biography,  118 
Fenton  (Lavinia),  Duchess  of  B^>iton,  217 
Fernio  (T.  P.)  on  burial  of  gipsies,  47 

Kimholton  tokens,  365 
Fernyhalgh  chapel,  its  old  chalice,  478 
Ferrar  (Robert),  Bishop  of  St.  David's  and  martyr,  10 
Ferrey  (Benj.)  on  two  cartularies,  104 
V.  (F.  li.)  on  Dr.  Fowke,  389 
Fiij  Sariday,  or  Palm  Sunday,  286 
Firmin  (Thomas)  and  Chn^t  Hospital,  433 
Fish,  as  used  in  ''Cbeualere  Assigne,'*  47,  123,  204 
Fitzgunne  on  "Vicar  of  Bray,'*  12 
Fitz-Harry  (Ph.),  "The  Promis«*d  S»»ed,"  445 
Fiizhopkins  on  journalistic  history,  361 
Fitz-Stralhern  (Mr.),  204 
F.  (.T.)  on  the  sword  of  the  Black  Prince,  490 
F.  (J.  L.)  on  Hector,  Duke  of  Montelione,  410 
F.  (J.  T.)  on  angels'  music,  524 

Bell  inscriptions,  573 

Low  side  windows,  464 

Virgin  and  child,  506 
Flatman  (Thomas),  inedited  poem,  251 
Fleet  River,  234,  304 
Fleet  Street,  memorials  of,  225 
Fletcher  (Joseph), Poems,  577 
Fletcher  (Phineas),  *'  Poems,"  268 
Flimer  (Sir  Thomas),  his  murder,  335 
Flint  instruments  found  in  S<mth  Africa,  160 
Flinter-mouse  =  the  bat,  45,  167 
Foley  (I-ord),  his  death,  470 
Foley  (the  Speaker),  portrait,  532 

Folk  Lore : — 

Bees  informed  of  their  master*d  death,  S3,  225, 

285,  521 
Bite  of  an  adder,  330,  507 
Boggarts  and  Feorin,  50H 
Christmas  ere  cnstoms,  498,  505 
Cramp  charm,  506 
DeddingtCQ  old  costoms,  506 
Devonshire,  330 
Egg  of  a  chicken  beautifying  the  complexioa, 

505 
Friday,  an  unlucky  day,  505 
Irish,  212.  505 
Kent  folk  lore,  23,  507 
Lare-oyers  for  meddlers,  507 
Local  rhymes,  331 


588 


INDEX. 


Folk  Lore : — 

May-day  castom,  505 

New  moon  pointed  at  witli  :i  knife,  505 

North-coantrj  legend,  212 

Omen  of  ill-luck,  213,  307,  423 

Poison  extracted  by  means  of  a  cliicken,  505 

Parsley,  a  Devonshire  superbtiiion,  506 

Renfrewtthire,  212 

St.  Cecilia's  day,  506 

Scarborouf;h,  131 

Scottibli  witch  rhyme,  331,  501,  570 

Twelfth-night  cake,  498 

Tootliacbe  su{.erstitiun,  506 

Virgin  and  Child,  506 

Warwickbbire,  212 

Weather  wit.  509 

York^hire,  212 
Fonseca,  one  of  the  West  India  Islands,  10 
Font  at  Duninn,  Fifeshire,  19 
Fontt^vraud,  list  of  the  abbesses,  116 
Forests  of  North  Britain,  335,  481 
Forrest  (H.  R)  on  Raphaels  Death  of  Abel,  514 

PoUtical  squib,  216 

Shakespeare  illustrated,  197 
Forster  (Robert),  6y ing  barber  of  Cambri«lgo,  print,  560 
Fuss  (Edward)  on  Sir  Thomas  More,  147 

Pemberton  (Sir  Francis),  122 
Foster  (John)  of  Eton  college,  epitaph,  466 
Foster  (John  £.)  on  Sir  Thomas  Flimer,  335 
Foster  (P.  le  Neve)  on  '<  Conseilsde  Prud'i-.ommes/  125 

Slifcofbeef,  125 

Thames  Tunnel,  166 
Fowke  (Dr.),  his  murder,  389,  574 
Fowke  (F.  K.)  on  the  Clifford  arms,  546 
Fox  (George),  the  quaker,  dafe  of  his  death,  364 
Francis  (Sir  Philip)  and  Junios,  195 
Franking  newsjMipcrs,  216,  267,  348 
Franklin  (Dr.  Beuj.)  on  the  voyage  of  Admiral  Bartho- 
lomew dc  Funte,  406;  anecdote  of  his  father,  558 
Fraser  river  in  Br^ti^h  Columbia,  478 
Freemasonry,  "A  Kitual  and  Illustrations  of,'*  47 
Freemasonry  and  the  Stuart  family,  20,  66,  136 
Freemasonry,  history  of,  389,  441, 454,  536,  538 
Free  trade,  143 

French  kings,  their  burial  before  the  Rcvulution,  55 
French  literature,  anonymous  workfl,  227 
French  mediaevul  words,  96,  178,  341,  420,  462,  541 
Friday,  an  unlucky  day,  505 
F.  (R.  J.)  on  Jenner  families,  452 
F.  (S.)  on  Marie  Taglioni,  453 
F.  (T.  p.)  on  Cake  =  an  unwise  person,  74 
Harvest  cart,  253 

London  token,  256 
Fuller  (J.)  on  Pl're  Hyacinthe,  363 
Fuller   (Dr.  Thomas)  and   the  Westminster   pf:tiiion, 

364,  466 
"  Fuller  Worthies  Library,"  criticiscil,  500 
Fuller  (Dr.  Wm.).  bishop  of  Lincoln,  4:J5 
Fuller  (Wm.)  of  Beckeiihnm,  294 
Furnivall  (F.  J.)  on  ineditcd  MS.  j)ieces,  6,  94, 194 
Furze  at  a  banquet,  157 
F,  (W.)  on  Garrison  Chai>el,  Portsmouth,  197 
Hihtory  of  Three  Impostors,  561 
Stone  |iillar  crosites,  97 
F.  (W.  E.)  on  Watling  Street,  225 
FjBh-hole,  47,  123,  204 


G. 


G.  Edinburgh,  on  hautboy,  its  doable  meaning,  313 

Ilor^arth's  "  Laughing  Aodienoe,"  134 

Kidnapping,  83 

Patcrsou  (Dr.),  205 

Swelterer,  its  meaning,  46 

Who  threw  the  stool?  207 
G.  (Stirliwj)  on  whipping  the  cat,  422 
G.  (A.)  on  ducking  and  cacking-stool,  205 
Gaiubboruogh  (Thomas),  *"  Blue  Boy,"  23,  41,  SQi  204^ 

237 
Gairdncr  (James)  on  John  llardyng,  446 
Galutians  iv.  18.  a  new  reading,  22,  84 
Gallimatias  =  nonsense,  294 

Galton  (J.  C.)  on  the  pelican  feeding  its  joung,  361 
Game,  seven  sorts  of,  153 
Games,  identity  of  Indian  and  European,  93.  186 
Gantiilon  (P.  J.  F.)  on  the  meaning  of  pupillas,  74 

Sundry  querie.-*,  255 
Gardening  book  in  Dutch,  274,  370,  492 
Gardiner  (Sir  Tiiomas),  arms,  21 
Gardner  (J.  D.)  on  Elizabeth  and  Isabel,  84 
Garrick  (David),  his  ancestry,  198,  264.  569 
Gascoigne  (Thomas)  "  Dictionarium,**  818 
Gaspey  (Wsn.)  on  Meriao  and  Kraose,  451 
Gattothed,  as  used  by  Chaucer,  358 
Gatty  (Alfred),  D.I).,  journals  of  Joseph  Ilantcry  41 
'>  Gave  out "  =  deficient,  253,  346 
GazetU,  a  penny,  191,  256,  468,  569 
G.  (E.)  on  the  Tizard  family,  674 
Geddes  (Jenny)  and  her  memorable  stool,  135,  S07 
Gee  (Sir  Orlando),  inscription  on  his  monument^  21 
Geminus  (Thomas),  "  Ana^)mip,"  391,  567 
(Genealogical  queries,  326 
Genesis  iii.  19,  frequently  mlsqaotcd,  75,  186 
George  II.,  sketches  of  his  reign,  424 
Gerard  (Father  John),  account  of  the  gunpowder  plofc^ 

389,521 
German  languages,  high  and  low,  74,  127,  207»  281 
German  names  of  days  of  the  week,  13 
Germany,  English  literature  in,  473 
Gesenios  (Prof.  F.  II.  W.)  at  Oxford,  478 
"  Gesta  Romanorum,*'  the  tiiree  letters,  391 
Geste,  or  Gheast  (Bp.  Edmund),  works,  96 
Qm  (F.  N.)  on  bell-ringing  for  Divine  senrice,  267 

Christianity  in  India,  267 

Franking  newspaj^crs,  343 

*'  Leaves  from  my  Log,"  294 
G.  (G.  M.)  on  ennui,  325 
G.  (H.)  on  Euiblems  wanted,  300 
Ghost  stories,  10,  80 
G.  (H.  S.)  on  Hall  families,  145 

Worrall  family,  123 
Giannone  (Pietro),  ezcommanication,  451 
Gibbons  (Grinling),  life  and  works,  43,  63,  106,  259,. 

327 
Gibson  (John),  sculptor,  biography,  551 
Gigmanity,  a  new  word,  65 
Gilpin  (Wm.),  "  Three  Dialogues  on  the  AmoMnMntV 

of  the  Clergy,"  530    - 
Gipsies,  modem,  21,47,  206 
Gisors,  the  prisoner  of,  514 
G.  (J.)  on  belb  for  dib&enting  chapels,  350,  542 

Gough,  a  Bumame,  304 


INDEX 


£99 


G.  (J.)  ou  Hildvard  fainiij  motto,  297 
Hood  and  Sir  Walter  Scott,  272 
Labouring  under  a  miatake,  462 
Kostrum,  origin  of  the  word,  412 
Scottiiih  religious  hooMs,  561 
G.  (J.)  jun.  on  M.  Molza,  313 
G.  (J.  A.)  on  air  cushions,  95 
Brinsley  (John)  411 

Cartwright  (Win.)  and  Sir  J.  Denbam,  51 1 
Dniwicb  medicinal  spring,  284 
God's  Serjeant  Death,  480 
Khedive,  275 

Lady  Mayoress  of  York,  77 
London  population  tenq>,  Henry  IL,  75 
Natural  =  leeitimatd,  418 
Sun-dials,  IS8 

"  To-day  a  man,  to-morroir  John,"  390 
"  Violet,  or,  the  Dansense,"  492 
G.  (K.)  on  knighthood  and  foreign  orders,  513 
Gladstone  (Rt  Hon.  W.  E.)  and  the  laws  of  maniagi^ 

433 ;  *'  inventus  Mundi,"  209 
Glass  painting  in  modem  days, 332, 487 
Gleaning  in  various  districts,  216, 286 
Glen,  a  local  name,  its  derivation,  362,  522 
Glwysig  on  Lawrence  family,  148 
G.  (M.)  on  George  Vincent,  artist,  548 
Gnyve,  its  extent  of  land,  409,  524 
Goddam,  its  derivation,  173 
Godefi-oi  (Denys),  fanul/,  13 
Gold-finding  in  a  country  coort-ynrd,  155 
Goldsiniih  (Oliver),  parody  on  his  stanza  on  Womao, 

75;  *'  Elegv  on  Madame  Blaise,**  176 
Goles,  a  term  in  bwearing,  335 
Goodman  (Nicholas),  •*  Holland's  Leaguer,"  294,  424 
Gordon  (John)  on  medal  of  Gen.  Washington,  176 
Gurnsogons,  the  Order  of,  441,  538 
Gort  (Lord),  on  the  reasons  of  Irish  peers,  25 
Gothe  (J.  W.  von),  English  versions  of  ''  Fatut,"  79, 

199,  257,  28G,  345 
Gough,  a  buniame,  304,  371 

G.  (R.),  ou  English  versions  of  G6tbe*s  "Fanst,"  257 
Graham,  (Lord  Robert),  biography,  295,  373 
Grammar,  a  plea  for,  449,  488 
Gray  (Geo.)  on  Con:ieiki  des  Pmd'hommes,  183 
Gray  (Thomas),  and  Juvenal,  359 
Greek  painting  of  St.  Mark,  St.  Maiy,  &C.,  479 
Greek  ring  inscription,  479,  569. 
Greenfield  (B.  W.),  on  Cobham  family,  304 

Genealogical  queries,  326 
Grenadier  Guards,  badges,  *189 
Gresman,  what  was  he  ?    174 
Grevilie  (Fulk),  Lord  Brooke,  MS.  transcripts,  560 
Grey  (Wiliium),  his  epitaph,  194 
Griddlc-cako,  85 

Grcsart  (A.  B.)  on  Sir  John  BeanmoDt,  10,  197 
Andrews  (John),  453 
Bluir  (Robert),  Campbell,  and  Norris,  28 
Burton  (Robert),  ineidited  lines,  511 
Croshaw:  miracle  at  Cana,  244;  his  patrODa^  450 
Grevilie  (Fulk),  manuscripts,  560 
Melton  (John),  commendatocy  vefses,  476 
Speed  (Samuel),  author  of  **  Prison-Pietle,*  11 
Sun-dials,  76  • 

Withers,  Barksdale,  and  Smith,  362 
Grodvenor  (H.),  on  local  rhymes,  507 


Gnaidf,  tha  Foot»  oompanj  badges,  189 

Gnarda*  baodi^  513 

Gooners  of  Hlbiiry  Fort,  158 

G.  (W.)  on  natoriiig  lost  ihaep,  370 

H. 

H.  on  Amateur  Authors*  Club.  412 

**  Hermann  von  Unna,"  452 

Maehiavel,  work  against,  517 

Pen  and  Ink  Society,  &&,  533 
H.,  PortamotUh,  on  Hri.  Apbra  Behn,  73 
H.  (A.),  on  Elisabeth  Ghaocer,  226 

Copyright  Uw,  65 

Dnrt,  the  river,  407 

Deformed  tsansfonned,  133 

Guild  at  FaTerOiam  Abbey,  374 

LagMia,  465,  569 

Mortimer,  Earb  of  March,  336 

Origbi  of  new^^en,  257 
Hadleigh  CaetK  Eseez,  217, 284,  825 
Hadley  (Wm.),  on  Hadleigh  Oaatle,  217 
H.  (A.  F.)^  en  date  of  grant  of  arms,  513 
Halhed  (Nathaniel  BrMaeyX  noticed,  70, 105 
Hailstone  (Edw.)  on  Mother  Shipton,  213 
Hall  iSunilieB,  145;  as  swordbeawn,  86 
Hall  (A.X  en  nn  aaeient  carol,  146 

Gamae,324 

Cambridgei  iU  derivation,  564 

Culverk^86 

De  Foe^e  iiiat  |wMiealtoiii|  477 

Mere  (amilj,  61 

WhipnUre^  578 
Hall  (JEL%  on  Devooehire  ielk4oii^  507 

FUnt  inetrumenta  in  South  AB^  lie 

Hone  tdk  at  the  Cape,  125 

Johnson  (Dr.),  and  Lord  Cbnrteriield,  156 

Shakmpeare  (Wm.)  of  Fertameuth,  275 

Mlor  atarioi  and  Mne,  126 
H^  (Mieah)  of  Mam  Tor,  294, 87(^  421, 512 
Halter-DerU  chapel,  DerMiiri,  8 
HamelB,  the  pied  piper  ^  864 
Hanging  or  mnRTm|^  224,  417,  525 
H.  (Anna>  en  Mocth  eountij  kfMd,  212 
Hardwid^armeof  Bern  ei;  409 
Har^ynf  (John),  the  ehronider,  446 
Hare  ani  hair,  thefar  pwntincfaitlon,  274 
Harebell,  u  phttt,  42. 66 
Harhrae  (a  H.)b  en  Baleh  fiunUy,  285 


Fdnmp  Abboj,  805 

"  Yahr  Tndmieiflmio* 
HaneM  (Ber.  Wm.)^  death,  448 
Hariiir«Dik884 
Hanitoft  (TVL),  es  ThoDM  BHhel,  868 

Warwiflk  (Eari  nf),  plaee  ef  baniahment|  2 18 
HarvMt  eart  deeeralloi,  258 
BHmf(Wm.%MJ^dM\MM»Biii9Mditf  255 
H.  (A.  T.),  m  Orownelt  medal,  158 
HrtlOQ  flunqjr.  889 

HMtfaey,  Hi  MmOar  mnian,  818, 521 
Hamid  te4f,  461 

Hawiee  de  KmiK  ^  mbI,  284, 848, 688 
Bnnrtfa  (B.  B.X  «  Qmmtm  iwea  ef  di^n  ia  te 
18 


590 


INDEX. 


Haworth  (H.  H.)  on  High  anil  low  (iprman  languages,  74 
Hftwtrey  (Dr.  E,  C.)  epigram  on  Bishop  Plunket,  44, 

104 
H.  (B.  C),  on  Greek  ring  inscription,  479 
H.  (C.  G.),  on  Hector,  Duke  of  Monleltono,  520 
H.  (D.),  on  Sherbourne  missal,  146 
H.  (E.)  on  Knight's  temp,  Charles  I.,  277 
Heard  (Lady),  portrait,  362,  418 
Helsby  (T.),  on  Hatton  family,  389 
Hendriks  (F.),  un  the  MontroKe  family,  489 

Employee,  as  an  English  word.  C66 
Henkin  (J.  B.),  arti«t,  195 
Henry  II.,  his  occa^ioual  fury,  1 16,  546 
Henry  IV.  of  France  and  Gabrieilo  trEbtnV,  513 
Henry  VI. 'a  royal  baJpea,  479 
Henry  VII.,  his  statutes,  351 
Heraldic:  change  of  coat  armour,  64,  127,  181 
Heraldry,  biblical,  46,  145,  418 
Herd  (Johti),  biography,  337 
Hereford  diocese  and  cathedral,  424 
*  Hermann  von  Uima,"  a  romance,  452 
Hermanville  on  chignons,  556 

Garrick  family,  569 
Hennentrude  on  Anne  Askew,  453 

Boroughs,  ancient,  247 

Bradwardino  family,  125 

Calveley  (Sir  Hugh),  265 

Cansick  family,  466 

Cardinal  of  York,  143 

Carol,  an  ancient,  1 46 

Chaucer  (P:iizubeth),  173,  267 

Cobham  family,  197,  247 

Celebrated  Christian  burials,  575 

Crowned  heads  marrying  sisters,  180 

De  Audley  family,  44 

De  Scotenay,  672 

Descriptions  wanted,  478 

Explanations  of  old  wunls,  96 

French  words,  mediajval,  420 

Herrings,  148 

Historical  queries,  116 

Kevelioc  (Hugh),  his  daughter  Amicia,  419 

Kirton  manor,  in  Lindhey,  127 

Leer  =  weak,  faint,  517 

Lie — under  a  mistake,  200 

Martin  (Margaret),  216 

Metrical  prediction,  144 

Morieux  (Sir  Thomas),  233 

Murlimer,  Earl  of  March.  397 

Kief  or  nies,  1 34 

Natural  inheritance,  245 

Plea  for  grammar,  449 

Price  of  coals  in  1715,  512 

St.  Alkelda,  420 

Scottish  martTrs,  479 

Scrope  (Isabel),  42 

Stuart  (Prince  Joseph),  265 

Vache  (Sir  Philip  le),  165 

Wyvell  family,  464 
Heron  in  Kent,  134 

Herrings,  earliest  notice  of  them,  98,  148 
Herringthorpe,  co.  Y«»rk,  233,  286 
Herschell  (Sir  John)  at  the  Cape,  114 
HerM,  its  etvmnlogy,  51,  144 
HoBBela  (J.  H.),  on  the  Family  of  Lore,  356,  404,  430 


Houses  s=2  housing,  96,  147 

Hewes,  its  locality,  532 

lieweison  (Michael),  archdeacon  of  Armagh,  74 

Heyre  =  hair-cloth,  9.  85,  143 

II.  (F.),  on  battle  at  Teruuenne,  563 

H.  (F.  D.),  on  JcHse  windows,  66 

May-day  carol,  65 

Popular  names  of  plants,  65 
II.  (F.  C.).  on  Benedictional  querieti,  3f:5 

Blandyck,  a  day*s  recreation,  165 

Byron  (Lord),  unpublished  letter,  250 

Cake  =  an  unwise  person,  127 

Einfultig,  its  meaning,  387 

Emblems,  religions,  301 

Fecamp  abbey,  247 

Franking  newspapers,  267 

German  languages,  high  and  low,  127 

Illuminated  books,  200 

Kiss  of  ])eace,  40 

La  Salette,  alleged  apparition  of  tlie  Blened  Vir- 
gin, 45,  264 

La  Trappe,  205 

Lunch,  its  etymology,  182 

Mackonochie,  rhyme  to,  416 

Mithraism,  16 

Notched  'prentices,  349 

Nun's  discipline,  205 

Parrots,  their  habits,  344 

Pronunciation  of  /  in  Wel-h,  574 

St.  Alkelda,  349 

Velocii)e(les,  307 
U.  (G.),  on  William  Fuller,  294 
n.  (G.  A.)  on  Henry  St.  John,  275 
H.  (G.  B.),  on  Warine  the  Bald,  516 
H.  (H.),  on  Robert  Burns,  252 

Couragh,  550 

Duck  (Stephen),  347 

Gardening  book,  492 

Gold  n.edal,  1602.480 

Hogarth's  "  Lady's  last  Stake,"  11 G 

Holland's  Leaguer,  424 

Misapprehensions.  86 

Prior's  Poems:  "Hans  Carvel,"  550 

Rathbrcnsil  council,  184,  523 

Sacheverell  (Dr.),  portrait,  572 
Higson  (John),  on  Boggarts  and  Feorin,  508 

Church  bells,  529 
Hildyard  family  motto,  297,  371 
Hill  (T.  D),  on  the  Island  of  FoDseca,  10 
Hills  (Erato),  on  Felix  Austria,  87 

Macbeth,  282,  484 
Ililsea  lines,  449 
Hilton  Castle,  313,  375,  419 
Hindoo  devilry,  469 
Hindoo  secret  rites,  560 
Hippesley  (Sir  J.  C),  and  a  atato  pfovision  for  tlw 

Roman  clergy,  314 
Historical  evidence,  works  on,  410,  490 
"  History  of  Three  Impoaton,**  561 
H.  (J.),  on  the  Journals  of  Joseph  Hantor,  10 
Recognitio  futura,  419 
Whipping  the  cat,  525 
H.  (J.  A.),  on  Kean's  ascent  of  Mont  Bbine,  31 
H.  (J.  C),  on  Bishop  Robert  Ferrar,  10 
H.  (J.  0.),  on  Businu's  Dinry,  410 


INDEX. 


591 


II.  (J.  W.).  on  Miltoni  ma.  195 

Kpilaih  (in  an  arcliitoct,  271 

Ol.i  .saviiiirs,  499,  r)75 
II.  (M.)j  *'"  Milton's  auto:;raj)h,  2G'> 
IIoili:kin,  (J.  K.)  on  dtrivation  of  lunch,  182 

N':ituiv  paiii'.inf:  <)n  stones,  514 
Ildi^'.son  (M.irhhal  StUilliohn),  arms,  174 
Il-.-arth  (\Vm.),  "I>:>Jv''>^  l-iat  Stake,"  1 IG,  304,  349^ 

"  Lau-liiiit;  AuaieiK-e,"  134,  200 
llollu'ln  portrait,  74.  147 
Iloli'jnl  (Sir  Ilii-liard),  parpnta;»e.  K3 
lloll.inJ  (IL'nrv  Fux,  L(trii),  his  first  witV,  312 
ll..i:.ir..l  (IIivli).  nuticod,  497 
Holland  slccvtM,  451 
Ilonu;  of  IJiMiloii  barunoti-y,  31,  18!i 
II  'niiii.ic,  la  \s  01%  IGO,  244 
lIoiM.'yihlld  manor,  co.  Kent,  56 
Hood,  the  Montpcllier,  313,  375 
Hood  (Thonia),  Complete  Works,  2GS;    VVurks,  illu'5- 

iratL'd  l)y  Gii^tive  Doro,  494 
Hooker  (Sir  Win.),  journey  to  Iceland,  3S2 
Hoj)-Scoich,  a  panie,  94,  186 
Huracv,  Carm.  i.  28:   112,  181,  230,   297,  341,414, 

4vS(;;  lil..  ii..  ode  iv.,  paraphrased,  97,  16S 
Horse  talk  at  the  Oa))e,  125 
Hordes,  })rice  of  job,  in  London  in  1718,  557 
Horde's  head  in  acustics,  66 
Hoikyns-Al-rahall  (John),  on  inflated  box,  :j24, 

i'y[ha;:..rean  letter.  199 

liobin  redbreast,  507,  54 1 

Stone  pdlur  crosses,  204 

Van.i«  la,  or  Wandailes,  186 
Hostels,  Denedicline,  at  Oxford,  172,  244,  347 
Hoiindling  toweN,  174,  245 
Hub,  a  proverb,  410,  524 
Uu^' .  (Victor),  on  Enj;lish  proper  name.--,  8 
Hu<:uenot8  in  En;:land  and  Ireland,  527;   French,  at 

th.«  Cape,  142,  247 
Hull  (I'lioinas),  oratorio,  '^  The  Prodigal  Son,**  271 
Humboldt  (Alex,  von),  letters  to  Chevalier  Bunscn,  381 
Hu:idr. ,  (J.  F.),  on  the  oak  and  the  ash,  53 
Hum'  hrey  (Duke),  of  Gloucester,  313,  397 
Hui:t,  masters  i»f  the  Common,  53 
Hunt  (.I.in.cs  Henry  Leii^h),  niemonAl,  3.52 
Hu;.t  (Will,   lluluian),  "  Cliri..t  in  the  Temple,"  338, 

4i;7 
Hi..tir  (Alex.  G.),  and  Sir  Walter  Scott,  S,').*) 
Hunrr  (.)  .eih),  liis  Diary,  &c.,  10,  41 
Hui.tluLii  u  !-ayin^8,  20 
Hu.-k  (\V.  H.),  on  the  hautboy,  521 

Duhviih  well-5,  522 

Miiicn's  pranddauL'hter,  570 

••  My  Poll  and  mv  Partner  Joe,"  ballad,  3.59 

•'  Froii^Ml  S^n,"  an  oratorio.  271,  339 

Ti;ree  early  pantomimes,  500 
Hustar,  its  derivation,  341,  434 
Hut-!: in  "U  (P.)  on  bells  and  spears,  145 

Champt-rnon  family,  C5 

Drake  (Sir  F.)  introduction  of  potatoes,  568 

(ilass  ])aintin^%  487 
II.  (\V.)(.:i  lilies,  or  d'Hele,  513 

Kiir-iatT.  not  a  m>dern  word,  517 

WatiiMieii's  C(;:npany,  392 
Hyaciiitue  (P;  .c).  speamens  of  bis  style,  363 
Hyarii  (S.  J.)  on  Jem  the  lenman,  422 


I. 

Hluminatin^  in  tjpography,  1 33,  200 

Inches  at  Perth,  comb.itant8  at  the  battle,  102,  321, 

438 
Index,  a  {general  literary,  230 
Inglis  (R.)  on  anonymous  works,  273 

Bristofv  (J.  S.)  date  of  his  death,  362 

"  Entomology,"  its  authors,  389 

Etonian  periodical,  294 

Mallock  (David).  451 

Rees  (James)  American  writer,  295 

Saul,  a  Dramatic  Sketch,  387 
Initials  indicative  of  Christian  names,  512 
Inn  signs  painted  by  eminent  artijits,  542 
Inquisition  in  Portugal,  513 
lona  =  the  dove,  325,  520 
Ireland,  Close  Rolls  of  Chancery,  435 
Ireland,  map  of,  1567,  96;   names  of  settlers  teoip. 

Henry  IL,  479 
Ireland  (Alex.)  on  Henry  Thomas  Buckle,  547 
Irish  history  from  original  documents,  494 
Irish  liturgical  fragments,  390 
Irish  peers,  their  reasons  for  rejectin;;  the  "  Bill  for  the 

security  of  his  Majesty's  person,  1697,"  25 
Irish  rivers  named  in  the  "  Faerie  Queene,"  169 
Iron  Mask,  man  with  the,  378,  540 
Irvine  (Aiken)  on  Sir  J.  C.  Uippe^ley's  tracts,  314 

Record  Commission,  390 

*'  True  Relation  of  the  Faction  at  Wisbech,"  3U 
Irving  (George  Vere)  00  the  battle  of  Biggar,  99 

Carnao,  98 

Cuningham,  179 

Epitaph  at  Montmurtrc,  45 

Fish  =  a  joint,  47 

Landor  (Walter  Savage),  193 

Nunnery,  a  farm-iiouse  so  named,  32 

Scottish  lesser  barons,  142 

Stirling  peerage  case,  1 19 

Sudereys,  101 
Irving  (Geo.  Vere),  Esq.,  F.S.A.  Scot.,  hu  death,  398 
Isidore,  false  decretals  of,  389,  490 
Isis  on  Sir  William  Roger,  Knt,  222 


J. 


Jackson  (Charles)  on  Thomas  Bushel,  159 

Von  Valkenburuh,  336 

Walbanck  family  arms,  468 
Jackson  (J.  FI.)  on  Carnac,  its  origin,  1, 160 

St.  John  (Henry),  418 
Jackson  (Stephen)  on  an  ancient  costom,  232 

Cockney  rhyme,  29 

Freemasonry:  Gormogans,  538 

Kean  on  Mont  Blanc,  202 

Velocipedes,  240 

Warm  ::=at  band,  near,  489 
Jackson  (William)  on  the  Dodo,  303 
Jacolliot  (Louis),  "U  Bible  dans  Ilnde,"  157 
Jaggard  (W.),  books  printed  by  him,  409 
James  II.,  coin  of,  389, 468 
James  (Thomas),  D.D^  of  the  Bodleian,  236 
Japygian  promontory,  137 
Jasmin,  the  barber  poet,  31,  87 
Jaj>Cee  on  Printer's  qoery,  224 


592 


INDEX. 


Jaydee  on  the  Dunmow  flitch,  2G2 

Jujtea  on  Earls  of  Lnncaster,  /jno 

Jeffoott  (J.  M  )  on  Erbe  wonl^  donating  the  moon,  229 

Hanging  or  niarrjin/r,  418 
Jem  the  [.enman,  277,  349,  422 
Jenkins  (J.)  on  law  on  homicide,  244 
Jeoner  families,  452 
Jenner  (Edward),  M.IX,  monument,  193 
Jerdan  (Wm.),  alias  "  Buhhey  Ileullj,"  his  de«th,  67 
Jerea-givp,  its  derivation,  5G0 
Jerrold  (Douglas)  and  Lord  Byron,  53.  12G,  244 
Jcs!>c  >viuduws,  66 
Jews  in  Jerubalcni,  03 
J.  (F.  M.)  on  recognition  in  heaven,  313 
J.  (J.  C.)  en  a  b.'oadsido  query,  253 

lienedictiunal  queries,  294 

**  Ephcmeri:}  rurliamentaria,"  437 

Greek  painting,  479 

I^tin  hymns,  275 

^lilton  (John),  portrait  \>hen  ir.ind,  5C 

Portrait  of  the  Young  Pretender,  45 

Toitrait  of  Dr.  Watts,  452 
J.  (J.  H.)  on  being  "  hauled  over  the  coals,"  57 
J.  (L.  K.)  on  St.  E'.ino,  218 

Cuckoopeimers,  300 
J .  (M.)  on  Brad>haw  the  regicid",  1  CO 
J.  (M.  C.)  on  the  kcal  of  Hawise,  523 
Jn.  (J.  G.)  on  Da- us  Muguir,  478 
Johnson  Club,  379 

Johnson  (Dr.  Samuel)  and  Lord  ChcsterfieM.  156 
Juking,  practical,  360 
Jones  (Samuel),  poem,  "  Whitby,"  346 
Jones  (Thomas)  on  Halhed's  notes  on  Dr.  Dee,  105 
Jones  (Sir  Wni.)  and  Nath.  Brnsi^cy  Hallied,  69 
Joseph  of  Niizarith  a  stononiason,  174,  246 
Josephus  on  Devonshire  folk  lore,  330 
Josephos'tf  "Jewish  Antiquities"  in  German,  534 
Joule  (B.  St.  J.  B.)  on  three  musical  cumpobers,  551 
Journalistic  history,  361 
Joyce  (Comet  George),  biography,  174 
Juan  Fernandez  Ljland.  214 
Judges  at  St.  Paul's,  58 
Juliana  the  ancnositp,  h<  r  "  i;cvel:<t:one,**  36.") 
Junius  and  Sir  riill!p  Francis,  195 
Junius,  his  suppa^ed  discovery,  352 
Jazta  Turrim  tn  a  card  query,  324 

Dunmow  fiitch,  344 

Hub  explained,  524 
J,  (W.)  on  gen«Ml'^gical  queries,  65 

Jonson  (Ben)  and  Sir  B.  Kudycrd,  77 
J.  (W.  0.)  on  George  Fox,  304 

"  Still  waters  run  deep,"  542 


K. 

**  Kaleidoscope,"  its  writers,  294 

K.  (C.  S.)  on  Irish  pjimphlet  circa  1703,  31 

Parker  (J.ihn),  iibp.  of  Tuau',  anns,  110 
K.  (E.)  on  tJKi  n»can-ng  of  IIi)C0C'>.  241 
Kran  (Edmnml)  at  ICton,  82;    did  he  ascend   Munt 

Blanc?  31,  202,  201 
K^'ightlcy  (Thomas)  on  *'  Faerie  (^uion,"  its  plan,  211 

Horace,  Canii.  i.  28:   112,  239,  341,  486 

Irish  rivers  named  in  the  *•  Faerie  Queen,"  169 

Ladies  travelling  on  horseback,  158 


Eeightley  (Thomas)  on  Tartar  king,  418 

Wig,  its  deriTation,  333 
Kemp  (Jolm),  archbishop  of  Ganterbnrj,  314,  419 
Kenites,  the  mulem,  in  PaleBtine,  309 
Kennedy  (H.  A.)  on  hanging  or  marrjing,  417 

Laudanam  introdnced  into  England,  3G0 

Khyme  to  Ralph,  208 
Kent  Domesday,  47 
Kentish  words,  SI ;  folk  lore,  23 
Kewe  =  honie-shoe  cloister,  158 
K.  (F.  H.)  on  melodies  to  Newman's  Song.*,  175 
K.  (G.  R.)  on  Father  John  Gerard,  581 

GDcumenlcal  or  ecumenical,  450 
Khedive,  origin  of  the  word,  275,  582 
Kidnapping  at  Kdinbargh,  31,  83,  125 
Kilgour  (H.)  on  Argos:  Argeios,  446 

Battle  of  the  Inches,  103 
Kinibolton  tokens,  365 
Kindt  (Hermann)  on  Willinm  Bewick,  38,  £63 

Bonaparte's  interview  with  Wieland,  51 

Chowder  party,  546 

Crowned  heads  marrying  sisters,  180 

Ducking  and  cncking  stool,  62 

Dunmow  flitch,  262 

Eggs  beautify ing  the  complexion  550, 

English  literature  in  Germany,  473 

Kngravers,  living  English,  157 

Flinter-ni<»u>e,  167 

Giithe's  "  Fau^t,"  English  rersiooa,  79,  199 

Humboldt's  letters  to  Chcv.  Hansen,  381 

Kent  folk  lore,  23 
•Ladies  of  Llmgollen,  220 

Low  German  language,  231 

Mulbone,  the  painter,  516 

Man  in  the  Iron  M:isk,  54U 

Misitpprehcnsions,  245 

Peterman  von  Westenviiie  (Mark),  410 

Renaissance,  origin  of  the  word,  134 

Ruffini  (Jaseph).  270,  463 

Saint  Badinguet,  197 

Sopranonii  of  Italian  painters,  232 

Vel(K'ipe<les,  57 

Wilkes  (John)  in  Italy,  530 

Writing  expunged,  532 

Yuuart:  Vooghoort,  91 
King  (Dr.  Wm.),  author  of  "  The  Tuast,"  411 
King  (W.  W.)  on  DalzieFs  lilu^traled  Bible,  S94 

"  Nut.brown  maid,"  a  ballad,  323 
King's  evil  temp,  the  Georgian  era,  313 
Kingsmill  (W.  M.)  on  Calvin  on  tiie  Pcalms,  634 
Kirtnn  manor  in  Lindsey,  127 
Kiss  of  peace,  39,  40 
Klupjcs  in  Holland,  54 
K.  (N.)  on  female  sovereigns  among  the  Gotbs,  S16 

La  Trappe  and  the  Duchesse  de  Montbargon   158 

Lombard  Castle,  197 

Political  pri-ioners  in  Ptdrnd,  153 

Primogeniture  in  Poland,  234 

Princess  Rosamund,  197 
Knellcr  (Sir  G*>.l.''rey),  bart.,  77 
Knighthood  and  foreign  ordeni,  513 
Knights  temp.  Charles  L,  277 
Kiiivcton  church,  Derbysiiire,  8,  83 
Knowlcs  (E.  IL),  on  drichtine,  570 
Knox  (John)  and  the  siege  of  Edinbni^h  caaU«,  435 


L.  on  Nenark  peeragp,  39 

L.  (A.)  on  tlie  licv.  Gtotge  Bennot,  561 

GarJiner(SlrTboina9),  SI 

MtduloF  CbiTles  I.,  ISC 
UccofEruiina,  £53,334 
Ijoye'a  ■■  Kobililie,"  228 

L.  (A.  C.)  on  Mira,  i.e.  Frances  Brmleiiell,  411 
l.arlLu  training  nn  l)or>i«WclE,  1^3 
L.  (A.E.)<KitheSaderDyB,  13 
Jjclius  on  )vi  Roger  Fciduui  and  Klu.  ClilTtfrd,  344 

Tupliiiij'a  "  Bock  of  Apat, '  368 
Li;;ena,  a  iHitltF,  313,4G5,  9C!) 
Lamb  (Cliarlfs).  pwin  admired  bj  liim,  034 
Ijnib  (J.  J.)  on  •'  Catllea  in  tlie  lur/   13 
I.ambetli  rinminitiiui  degreps,  534 
Limolb*  <Ca1.).  inquired  afler,  335 
LancnsUico  fEUtntr's  rhjme.  2|3;  song:  "  Tbe  Coaiilry 

G«br     72 
I.anMslcr    Earin  nQ,  illr[:'<<'>">''>  d«sccndant«,  560 
LanJiir  OVnlicr  Snvnge),  193 

I.ani;  (Juhn),  lilerarj  worka,  324,  373,  337,  490,  492 
LmgeDiijcl:  (Tbierj),  arti.t,  32 
Laiieford  {RicburdJ,  wrilinH-inistcr,  100 
Lareovera  for  mcJUIers,  507 


Lm  (J  j,  "  Mjcbcib  newly  aduptcd  for  tlio  lUgc,"  73 
I.M  (Wjii.)  uii  Defift'a  first  publicHlloii,  252 
'      ■         ,ll.v  Krnt.ilsliatorj,  377 


L«iiwenhocl[  (A.  A.)  epilaph,  202 
J^|:alEcth>iu,  148,  137 

U;;iLimatinn  b;  royal  precept  or  cbaiter,  192,280,374, 
41li,  535,  3G4 

Q  (Ahp.),  hia  irorks,  399 


limoer  (Luke)  ontllghtandPntch,  421 

Lindwy  (Robert),  "  Croniclai  of  Scollaiid,"  SI8 

UiK  (p.)  Dfi  ■■  Jealoua  as  n  coaj.li-  of  biirdresscra,"  206 

Liolj  c=>  laziness,  S31 

Lioui  F.  on  tha  meanrag  of  Baliy,  127 

CnslomDrg1eaiiin!r,  286 

"  My  Poll  and  my  P.niitr  J,.*,"  483 

St.  Uoulongh,  304 

Sonnet  about  a  Nose,  44 
LUter  (JoBeph),  "  Account  of  tlio  Taking  of  Bradford, ' 

S5 
LilUe  <Janet),  tbe  Scotch  milkmaid,  56,  1 19 
Livra  TonniDiie,  iU  value,  410,  485 
Llandoilnn,  irs  deriTatioa,  434,  547 
Llangollen,  Ibe  Ladies  of,  12.  220 
Lloyd  <G.}  an  ibe  lubiia  of  jiarrot^.  2BG 
Logan  (W.  a.)  on  Cutedotii.n  forests,  481 
Lombard  rnpit.il,  107,264 


Henry  IL,  75,  143,  183;  the  Cbanber  of,366;  ireit- 
ecd  tesidencea,  272 
oniiiin  aldeiman  in  1823,  73 


las,  518 


Luw  title  wiaduHa,  345,  4G4,  5 
L.  (P.  A.)  CD  UDioriul  bwik-pli 

"  Ant  C3^9ar  aut  nullut,"  aou 

Barricadeg,  208 

Borti  (Dncbejae  d-),  574 

Bama'a  p'Jttrait,  327 

Byron  (L^n-d),  unjiublialieJ  letter,  291  ;p«TtT,ii 

CiTallier  (Jeao),  53 

Deaire,  its  ditTcreat  luaaniii^  5S2 

Dnnmoir  flilcb,  314 

EnKat-AngaatUB,  Duke  of  Bninawick,  83 

Etiquette,  481 

"       ckC&i.Ld),  a" 


GotbeV 


r,  345 


Harrard  fnmilj.  Ifil 


I^.>:;i 


!■,  204 


...ice)  en  the  P'Alion  IISS.,  19 

Schoinbert;  tFnHlerirk,  Dnke  of),  portrait,  540 
Lonii^p  (Van),  "  Tulea  in  liiiglisb,'  277 
Lcuuiina-.cr,  its  anliqoilie.i,  61,  205;  registiy  of  irilta, 

233 
Lcssm  (C.  .U)  .in  Crom  a  boo,  247 

S!^ak«speare  linea,  360 
L'E'rtranRc  (TLmiiaa)  on  a  found  quotation,  449 
Lewin  (Junlinian),  raaBter  in  chancery,  337 
Lenin  (Win.)  D.C  L.,  iioiiccJ,  337,  492 
Lenis    (Jluitbeir  Gregory),  anecdote  of  Eiia   roin 

271,  3S0 
I^yJen,  monumental  inscnption.^  at.  333 
"Libellus  da  Mo.1d Con R tend i  ct  Penilandi,'  276 


Mi. 


minent  arlbla,  MS 
e  liarlif  r  poet,  87 
ir  Godfrey),  baronetage,  77 
niba,  41!l 
tofAu><ria,SO 
belea  on  the  ilage,  546 


ippret 


I 


Librari 


,  fre«  t(i 


18 ;  rights  of  public,  93 


«  (U.),  461 
Napoleon  I.  and  hia  aecond  namiga,  109 
PBDlioei.in  boliHariFuberE  (Priuieea),  292 
"Periab  i'umitiercr!  let  ibe  UonaUlution  lite!"  6T4 
Pouipadour  (MaiUmo  Je):  651 
Sibonibure  (Charles  Duka  of),  portrait,  414 
Tuke,orii'      '  ■ 
Yorkahire 


a<  tbe  n> 


1^,  4S9 


L.  (R.  C.)  OT 

Dead  dwiaeyn,  1.14 
Dcioe'a  ■'  Hj=l.^iy  of  llie  Devil,"  409 
Uelii>polie,  il9m»nir:>;,416 
K.I«;»)n  and  lU  se.ouJ  marriage,  33 
KepoleoQ  IlL  wf  ing, "  The  enpire  ia  p 
189 


594 


INDEX, 


L.  (B.  G.)  on  Parliamnit:  Pension,  226 
L.  (B.  £.)  on  Milion'tf  granddaaghter,  134 

Verkolje'b  p»iiitii1{pt,  135 
L.  (R.  G.)  en  the  Lawnnce  family,  31 

Parupbratie  from  Horace,  97 
L.  (S.)  on  a  curioas  old  paying,  133 

Otlinna,  in  Estiox,  318 

Bipon  bpurx,  265 
Lt.  (M.  C.)  on  Ml.'is  Elizabeth  Bender,  231 
Lucas  (John),  abbat  uf  Waltliam,  451 
Ludlow,  church wurdeiui'  accounts,  398 
Lnmbard  (liuRh)  of  Loudon,  Ids  token,  256 
Lnmby  (.1  R)  on  a  metrical  prediction,  81 
Lunch,  its  etymology,  118,  182 
Lupus  on  Strelley  and  Vavasour  familia?,  363 
Lurch,  M  used  by  Shakspcare,  447 
Lusher,  family  name,  its  deri ration,  32,  147 
Lyra  (Nicholas  de),  lo&ility  of  his  birth  place,  34 
Lyttelton  (Bp.  ClmrlPK)  and  Bi'.  Osbaldoston,  149 
Lyttelton  (Lord)  on  Beutham's  urorks,  488 

Galatians  iv.  18,  85 

McAo;,  349 

Plea  for  grammar,  488 

Bogers  (Samuel),  date  of  his  death,  187 

Snsuex  earldom,  412 

McG.  (A.)  on  John  Barleycorn,  274 
Macaulay  (Lord),  plngiiirism^s,  558  I 

Macbeth',  was  he  the  third  murderer  at  Banquo's  death  ?  I 
211,  282,  376,  412,  484;  notes  on  the  play,  384;  i 
apparitions,  432 
McC.  (C.)  on  iMap  of  IreUnd,  96 

Bed-bre.tbt  legend,  390 
Mac  Cabo  (W.  B.)  un  Camac,  77,  138 

Chriatm  IS  times  in  Brittany,  498 

Kiopjua  in  Holland,  54 

Stuart  (Prince  Jobeph),  214 

Taurobolium  and  Kriobollum,  6 

Twelve  Bieton  proverbs,  502 
Macdonald  and  tliu  be^'i;ar's  daughter,  499 
Mc  Grath  (T.)  un  Gud'b  Serjeant  Death,  574 

**  Our  end  linked  to  our  beginning,"  47,  60 
Machiavel  (Niciiolos),  a  work  against  him,  517 
M'C.  (J.)  on  the  Tuurobolium  and  Kriubolium,  304 
Mackay  (Eiic),  7th  Lord  Beaj,  marriage,  175 
Mackay  (John)  on  Eric  Mackay,  175 

Home  baronetcy,  183 
Mackay  (Ivubert),  English  version  of  his  "  Gaelic  Songs," 

454 
Mackenzie  (Sir  George),  "  Cielia's  Country  House,"  296 
Mackenzie'  (John)  on  the  Union  Jack,  546 
M'Kie  (Jume..)  tm  Janet  Little,  119 
Mackonochii',  rhyme  to,  311,  4I6| 
Macky  (John),  *' Journey  through  Scotland,*'  135,  185 
Maclean  (John)  on  the  Kiss  (f  {H>ace,  'lO 

Macarthy  family  pe<ligree,  524 
Macphail  (D.)  on  Janet  Little,  119 

Local  ^ayings,  20 

Paraphrase  from  Horace,  168 

Benfrew^^hirc  folk  lore,  212 

^uib  the  door,  467 
Mac]»aerson  (J.)  on  tiie  battle  on  t^e  Inch  of  Perth,  438 

PurlUns  cat,  97 


lil'Qnhan  (Michael),  founder  of  Magdakn  Gfaapd,  SSS 
MC.  (R.)  on  Prior's  Poems,  326 
j^lacray  (J.)  on  education  in  Scotland,  570 
*'  Gave  ont,"  an  Americanism,  853 
Gibbons  (Grinling),  carvings.  63 
Latini  (Brunette),  letters,  245 
Low  German  langaage.  207 
Mas!(on*s  *«Life  of  Milton,"  571 
Sheriffs  of  Oxfordshire,  83 
"  ToDJours  perdrix,"  464 
Mag]>ie  superfitiiion,  331 
Mnguir  (Dosus).  inquired  after,  478 
Mai  (Card.  Angelo)  and  the  Ambrauan  BVimiy,  479 
M.  (A.  J.)  on  an  omen  of  ill-luck,  807 
Makrocheir  on  William  Combe,  86 

Wordsworth's  **  Lucy,"  85 
Malbone  (Edward  G.)  tlie  artist,  516 
Mallock  (David),  noticed,  451 
Mammyjag,  a  local  word,  231 
Manor-house  or  court,  175 
Manuel  (J.)  on  a  coin,  206 

Hall  (Micah),  date  of  his  death,  542 
Hyhon  castle,  419 
Indian  and  European  games,  186 
Kythe,  early  n>e  of  the  word,  183 
Penmanship,  167 
Itothwell  cliarnel  vault,  441 
lilanuscript  pieces  inedited,  6,  94,  146.  194 
Manuhcripts,  destruction  of  official,  178 
Manzoni,  English  translations  of  <'  I  FtanmA  8p0i^* 

228 
Maps,  cAfly  historical,  494 
March  (Mortimer,  Earhi  of),  336,  397 
Marehand  family,  390 
Marguerite  of  Austria,  30,  86 

Mai  riase  announcements,  407 ;  in  a  PreshvlcriaB  dkvnfc, 
477:  in  a  prohibited  degree,  514;  wiui  a  iWiMlanMd 
criminal,  294,  417,  525 
Marsh  (W.)  on  bell  emblems  and  inscriptisn*!  478 

Church  relics  at  Ezninc,  SuiKdk,  613 
Marshall  (G.  W.)  on  the  city  swordbearers,  86 
Martial's  "  Epigrams,"  expurgated  edition,  850 
Martin  (Mar^'aret)  n^  Arcetlekne,  816 
Martin  (S.  E.)  on  Chapman's  hymns  of  HanMr,  166 
^lartinejiu  (Russell)  on  the  Spanish  Armada^  487i  471| 
556 
Turkish  bath,  558 
^lary  I.  (Queen),  her  marriage,  77;  forbad  praycn  fiw 

the  Koul  of  her  father,  854 
M:iry  Queen  of  Scots  and  her  accosers,  88 
Miisey  (P.  E.)  on  St.  Paul's  cathedral  dook,  385 
Mason  (Charies)  on  La  Salettc  123 

Paddington  almshouse!),  407 
Mason  (\Vm.)  and  Thomas  Campbell,  pafmllel  pmagaigS 
Musnnic  guild  at  Faversham  Abbrf,  310^  874,  4Mb 
519 

I  Musson  (Gnstave)  on  anonymous  French  litoimtiirt,  887 
i  St.  B:idinguet,  246 

Mas^on  (Prof.)  "  Life  of  Milton,"  476,  571 
Mather  (Jo.),  letter  respecting  John  Wealey,  114 
Mat  hew  (Abp.  Tobiis),  ancestry,  164 
Maurice  (ilenry),  D.  D.,  "  Viiidioatioa  of  P!piinO|ay* 

337 
May-dew,  its  cosmetic  virtues,  516 
Mayer  (S.  B.  J.)  on  WilUam  Contba,  14 


INDEX. 


Mayer  (S.  R.  J.)  on  Defoe'i  flnt  publicfttiao,  807 

Ladies  of  Llangolleo,  13 
Maylem  (Ensign  John),  deaceodaott,  114 
M.  (C.)  on  Milton's  Tartar  king,  391 
MedaU  of  George  III.,  22  ;  Charles  L,  156  ;  Orootwal], 
158  ;  masonic,  44  ;  of  the  landing  of  Prince  Gharlei, 
1754,  65  ;  of  gold,  1B02,  inscription,  480 
Medallic  querie:;,  56 

Medina  Sidonia  (DukeoQ.  his  fate,  427,  471,  547,556 
Meikle  (R.)  on  Geo.  Buchanan's  Latin  hjnuiB,  178 
M4\os,  its  meaning,  294,  349,  465,  489 
Melton  (John),  conimendatofj  verses,  476 
Mephibtopheles  on  the  st.nge,  254,  546 
Meriadoc  (Coiian),  king  of  Armoriea,  4 
Merian  (Matthew),  engrarer,  451 
Meschin  (Thomas  de)  on  Esther  Vanbomrigh,  58S 
Metropolis,  its  civil  and  ecclesiastical  nse^  335,  416, 

485,  572 
M.  (G.)  on  Napoleon  Bonaparte,  435 
M.  (G.  W.)  on  coat  armour,  127 
Court  or  manor  hoose,  1 75 
Gunner  of  Tilbnrj  Coart,  158 
Mackay  (Eric),  seventh  Lord  Bcaj,  S44 
Noble's  History  of  Eliiabeth  BkNint,  198 
Old  pewter,  363 
Printed  grants  of  arms,  550 
Proverb  :  "A  pin  a  daj,  a  groat  a  jrev,"  863 
Tizard  familjr  name,  574 
"  To  dine  with  Duke  Hampfanj,"  313 
Wraxall  pedigree,  216 
M.  (H.)  on  "  Viulet,  or  the  Dansense,"  324 
Milbourn  (T.)  on  Pomphrett  MUhoome,  410 
Delamare  and  Milbonrue  familice,  450 
Marc  hand  and  Milbonrne  familiet,  890 
Milbourne  fainilj,  390,  450 
Milbourne  (Pomphrett),  noticed,  410,  546 
Miller  (Josiah)  on  bells  among  dissenters,  128 
Milton   (John),  portrait  when  blind,  56;  **JhgmBm 
Loi>t,"  ed.  1688, 96, 146, 184,  S26 ;  gniiid-dMighter, 
134,  326,  493,  571  ;  lines  relating  to  bias,  190^ 
370,  421  ;  handwriting,  232,  268,  808,  876,  416  ; 
his  belief  in  astrologj,  295  ;  use  of  tbe  pnfix  **  j,* 
.331  ;  and  John  Dunkin,  478 
Minerva  temple  on  the  Ji&pjgiao  prunsntor/,  187 
Mira,  alia^  Frances  Brudeneil,  411 
Mirabean  and  Rivaroi,  531 
Miracle  pUjs,  239 
Misapprehensions,  86,  245,  421 
Mistletoe  on  the  oak,  330 
Mithraism,  16 

M.  (J.),  iiWin6iir^A,  on  Bortbwick  peencs^  585,  864    . 
Caution  to  rioters  }■  1736,  173 
Education  in  Scotland  in  1549,  475 
Fitz-Strathem  :  Leman  semce,  204 
Legitimation  bj  rujal  precept,  1931 
"  M:icbeth  **  newly  adapted,  73 
M.  (J.  F.)  on  Gladstone  and  the  law  cf  iniRia|l^  488 
Milton's  granddaughter,  493 
Velocipede  =  speed  lorrj,  434 
Will.iie  (John),  493 
M.  (J.  P.)  on  Lord  Byron  at  Banff,  99 
M.  (L.)  on  Pellico's  "^  Francesca  da  Btninl,*  116 
M.  (M.  P.)  on  old  savings,  575 
Moliui  and  Green  on  Prior's  "  Han  OmtiI,*  316 
Clovio  (Ginlio),  bkgraph/,  547 


Momn  mi  ufMB  OS  JrfUMrB  ^iMij,  sn 

BnogBitioFiitiiia,044 

ToomiaBi,  **  life  of  Qmw  Borgia,*  550 
Molsa  (11)  inquirsd  after,  818, 461 
Mflotna  (John).  Ueatenant  of  Dover  Cfautle,  847 
Monk  (HissX  wile  of  Wm.  D'Qylejr,  1 16 
Mobtagae  (John  Doke  of),  gnund-master  of  the  iiimoii% 

454 
Moot  Bkuw,  aieeniknisti,  961,  861, 896,  475 
Mflotaleoiie  (Hector,  Doke  of),  410^  520 
Ifoofticoineiy  (Georgs)  oo  Bkcdjke^  115 

Father  John  Gsmrd,  889 
MbotroM  haOlj,  995»  878,  489,  560 ;  marfdntt» 

948 
HaponMntal  hcwi»  514 
Moon,  Eno  words  denoting  It,  999,  808^  458 
Moonnkm  in  WUtsUrs^  76, 165,  570 
Mordannt  fiunilj  geneiiaigr,  18 
Mora  fiunify,  61, 88, 104»  147 
Mbct  (Sir  Tboowa)  at  Oifoid,  94 
Moigan  (J.  8.)  on  Gfarietmaa  kiog  at  Downridf^  800 
Mofgan  (Ootaviu)  on  Antigalliean  Soeiet j,  88 
Morknz  (Sir  Thomas),  conMiUe  of  the  Tew«,t88k  897 
Monit  (Geoi|e)  on  the  bnrial  of  the  kings  of  Wmm, 
55 

Horn  Sflolift  baronets,  11 
Monis  (J.  P.)  on  OoIqboI  Fksderiok,  186 

Hngiaf  or  mnnyiiif,  418 

Taflor  storisB  and  io&H,  184 
Mbrtcn  (E.)  on  arms  or  Suaogwajos,  515 
Monntfod  (W.)  on  tnMb  in  arms,  1 17 
Monmh^  IsttHNpmr^  its  origin,  890 
Mbwth,  a  prorhidi&ai,  75 
M.  fB.)  on  MUton's  us  tf  ths  pntfz  «7,*  8n 
M.  (T.  F.)  on  Pnneh,  589 
Mnnn  (?.  &),  wntar-oDlonr  psinlar,  906 
Mnsie-books  of  the  smntSMth  eontwy,  497 
M.  (W.  M.)  on  SniUa'b*' JUnnoana,*  116  ^ 

Lisis  of  tnnslstod  noilGi,  185 
M.  (W.  T.)  on  cnntkn  is  noff•&^  996 

Ohomkr  part  j,  944' 

Goddam,*178 

Hqgs  (VIetir)  nd  B^rii  foftr  aasMHO 

Mskhsr  ornssthsr,  46 

PfiMohsi^dl4 

M.  (W.  wC)  on  His  faMndwtbn  sT  polntnsi^  4ii 

**  Vfalst,  or  ths  r^iwii »  84S 
14m ( Jehn>  " Ftalsh  Piimt* the  vori •  IFbt^* 67 
M.  (T.  &)  on  Axtall  of  BsMMnpstad,  478 

Nsmsin  nir.)^  n  banirtsr,  518 

Hsmrnt  Iten%589 

Lombs  (8b  TImbss>  451 

Snitfa  (Sir  Wm.  aUMT),  pw«nti«t,  488 
.    Wilwn  fcmijy  of  Bwoiwhisi,  480 

W;7ans  (Bp^  John>  Us  «i^  480 
Ujtkuj  jiy,  >  flwiii,  114 


K.  (A.)  on  n  mnf^ 
Ibpolion  XIL,  sB|iB^  • 


m»i 


199|  981)^  814^  618^ 


596 


INDEX. 


Kaiartl  inheritance,  182,  245,  344,  422 
Nature  piunting  on  btouey,  514 
N.  (E.)  on  leaden  coiiib3«  326 
Neether,  tr  neither,  46,  387 
Nephrite  on  Tizard  familv,  574 

Vambrace,  364 
Neville  (Robert),  his  daughters,  560 
Newark  peerage,  38,  104,  176 
Newcastle-nnder-Lyme,  196 
Newman  (Dr.  Henry),  melodies  to  his  songs,  175 
Newsome  (W.)  on  HcninKthorpe,  286 
Newspapers,  origin  of,  191,  256;  franked,  216,  267, 

348 

Newton-Pascal  correspondence,  248 
Nichols  (J.  G.)  on  Sir  Hugh  Calveley,  280 

Hawise,  Lady  of  Cyveilioc,  her  seal,  312 
Nicholson  (B.)  on  books  printed  by  Jaggard,  409 
Nicholson  (Jam  cs)  on  "  The  Country  Gaby,"  72 
Nicholson  (Jane),  the  Scarboiough  witch,  132 
NicUes  (Uenrick)  and  the  Family  of  Love,  356,  404, 

430 
Nief  or  nees  =  niece,  134,  245 
Niobe,  the  statue  of,  170,  218 
N.  (J.)  on  Master  Durke,  370 
N.  (J.  G.)  on  Reynold's  portrait  of  Ijidy  Sunderlin,  333 

Bipon  Spurs,  265 
Noble  (Mark),  "  History  of  Elizabeth  Blunt,"  198 
Noble  (T.  C.)  on  "Memoriahi  of  Temple  Bar,"  225 
Nonjuror,  the  last,  214 
Non-natural  sense,  560 
Norgate  (F.)  on  '*  De  Comitiis  Atheniensium/'  181 

Kemp  (John),  Abp.  of  Canterbury,  314 
Norgate  (T.  S.)  on  Greek  epitaph,  577 
Norman  kings,  their  history,  350 
Norton  (Thomas),  author  of  **  Gorboduc,"  233 
No6e,.poem,  *'  To  my  No^V  44 
Nose-fdittiug  and  the  Coventry  Act,  348 
Nous,  a^g  word,  272,  370 
Nova  oiootia  baronets,  siitiric^l  lines  on,  1 1 
Novelists,  cautioned,  156,  226 
K.  (E.  0.)  on  Christianity  in  Canada,  95 

Robin  reJbreast,  576 
Nnllus,  nse  of  the  Latin  word,  387 
Nnmcrosity,  a  new  word,  512 
Nuniicry,  a  farm-house  bo  named,  32 
Nun's  discipline,  134,  20.) 
N.  (U.  0.)  on  large  paper  copies  of  books,  363 

Artist's  name  wanted,  512 

Kean  (Edmund)  abcent  of  Mont  Blanc,  31 

Scrope  of  Carlisle,  561 
Nursery  jingles,  27 
N.  (W.)  on  Cornish  and  WeUh,  457 


0. 


Oak  and  the  ash,  53,  106 

Oakley  (J.  H.  T.)  on  baccnlaureus,  466 

InfUtcd  box,  423 
«<  Oaks,"  and  E\^om  races,  20,  85 
(Ecumenical  or  ecumenical.  450,  549 
Oglethorpe  (Gen.  Jan^.es),  medal,  44 
0.  (I.  N.)  on  medallic  queries,  44 
0.  (J.)  on  poem  on  the  Put>tto,  464 

"Prison  Piety,"  395  462 

Smith's  *'  Poems  of  Controversy,"  320 


0.  (J.)  on  Who  threw  the  btool?  259 

'<  Orpheus  and  Eurydioe,"  a  pautomime,  502 

Osbtildeston  (Bp.  Bichard)  and  Bfi  Lyttdton,  149 

0.  (S.  M.)  00  old  coins,  S46 

Osphal  on  Jaoolliot'a  '*  U  Bible  dana  nnde^*  157 

Oswald  on  Heating's  *<Ubtory  of  Ireland,"  479^ 
Patent  Bolls  in  Ireland,  435 

Othona,  in  Essex,  255,  317,  318 

Outii  on  origin  of  the  word  Bally,  10 

Burying  on  the  south  uds  of  ehuthcii  43 

Overbury  (Sir  Thomas),  vtnm  prefixed  to  "  Thi  WIV 
386 
'  Oxford  reformers,  S4 

Oxford.  Benedictine  hostels  at,  17S,  S44,  347.  671 
!  Oxley  (W.  E.  U.)  on  the  Order  of  BnffidM^  114 
!  Oxney,  its  derivation,  276,  371  • 

I  Oxoniensis  on  a  stone  in  Wensky  dmrcb,  916 


P.  on  Albike,  tr\folwm  kjfbridum^  513 
>  Wiltshire  moonrakers,  76 

i  P.  (A.),  on  the  Dodo  portraita,  263 

*'  Our  end  linked  to  oor  beginning,"  2G7 
Paddington  alnkihonses,  407 
Palacologi,  emperors  of  Constantinople^  armii  16 
Palestine,  the  modem  Kenitet  in,  309 
Pantomhnes,  three  early,  500 
P.  (A.  0.  v.),  on  David  Garrkk's  anceatij,  198 
Inscriptions  at  Leyden,  833 
India,  superstition  in,  252 
Lancashire  farmer's  rhyme,  S13 
Mary  (Queen)  and  De  Thoo,  254 
I  Bipon  spurs,  216 

-  Paoli  (Gen.  Pascal),  his  son  CdL  Frederick,  166 
,  P.  (A.  P.),  on  "  Snakes  here,"  252 
I  Paper,  the  earliest  specimen,  96,  144,  463 
.  Pargetting,  or  plaster- work,  363 
j  Purk  =  pleitris,  22,  83,  124,  146 
i  Parker  (John),  Ab^^  of  Taam,  anm,  116,  216,  966 
'  Parker  (Wm.),  on  quotation  from  "Hndibni^"  535 
!  Parliament,  or  legal  council,  118,  185,  226 
j  Parodies  in  Bon  Ganltiei^s  **  Book  of  Ballads,"  11 
•  ParroU,  their  habits,  286,  344 
I  Parry  (John),  musical  compoier,  death,  450^  5S1 
'■  Pars  (Henry),  noticed,  110 
\  Parsons  (William),  anecdote,  372 
;  Parthenias,  two  rare  mosic-booksi  497 
j  Pass  plaques,  452 
Paterson  (Dr.  Nathaniel),  author  of  "  Tha  ManM  Gar* 

den,"  136, 205 
Paterson  (Bobcrt),  "  Old  Hortality,"  tomhrtOiM^  49S 
I  P.  (A.  T.  F.),  on  biblical  heraldry,  145 
j  Paton  (A.  P.),  on  notes  on  Ifaobith,  884, 489,  909 

Macbeth,  the  third  murderer  at  fianqiio'a  dvtl^ 
211,412 
PauU  (M.  A.),  on  Sir  Fraucia  Drake,  160 
Riding  the  Stang,  160 
Yorkshire  custom,  216 
Paz,  or  osculstorium,  39 

Payne  (J.),  on  French  mediffval  words,  178,  541 
Layamon's  Bmt,  26 
Milton's  "  Paradise  Lost,"  1688,  184 
Payne  (William),  water>coloiir  painter,  56, 908,  946 
P.  (C.  C),  on  the  phrue  **  Dear  nwb"  581 


■^ 


INDEX. 


P.  (D.),  on  armorial  book-plates,  518 

Benedictine  bosteld  at  Oxford,  844,  571 

Gre^t  Kebellion,  329 

Metropolitan  see,  572 
P.  (£.),  on  tl)c  price  of  job-horses  in  1718,  557 
Peacock  (Eilward),  on  armorial  book-plates,  518 

Dori  laus  (Isaac),  40,  253 

Kiss  of  }<eace,  39 

Puni^ilimcnt  bj  drowning;,  222 

Kawsun  (Wiiliam),  of  Bradford,  32 

Kegicidcs  in  Delft,  363 

Sanderson's  Lincolnshire  collections,  33 
Pearson  (Alfred),  on  Arval-bread,  115 
Peeress  wanted,  292 
Peli,  liie  Hawaiian  goddess,  116 
Pelican  feeding  its  yoang  with  its  blood,  SCI 
Pellico  (Silvio),  "  Francesca  da  Rimioi,"  116 
Peniberton  (Sir  Francis),  date  of  his  death,  122 
Pen  and  Ir.k  Souietr,  533 
Pengelly  (Win.),  on  Cornish  and  Wels'i,  457 

Ball  against  the  cotnet^  543 

Old  sayings,  575 

Pillory  and  £ast  Looe,  Cornwall,  168 
Penlez  (Bosavem),  executed  437 
Penmen,  early,  35,  IdO,  167 
Pentatench  and  its  anatomi&ts,  424 
Pepper  Iliil,  a  mansion  in  Siiropshire,  390,  545 
Pepys  (Samuel),  and  Thomas  Firmin,  433 
Perceval  (Edward),  on  the  Union  Jack,  449 
"  Percy  Anecdotes,'*  authorship,  118,  221 
Perrot  (Sir  John),  lines  on  him,  252 
'*  Pereeus  and  Andromeda,**  a  pantomime,  501 
Pessar  (T.).  on  "  Do  Comiliis  Atheniensiam,*'  157 
Peterman  (Murk)  von  Weatenrille,  410 
Petty  (Sir  Wm.),  surveyor  of  Irish  lands,  516 
Pewter,  date  of  old,  363,  521 
P.  (H.),  on  French  lluguenoU  at  the  Cape^  247 
Philip  and  .Mary,  their  marriage,  77 
Philippe,  (King),  tomb  and  statue<<,  116 
Phillips  (Sir  T.),  on  Giannone's  excommttnicntioiii  451 
Philpotts,  (Bp.  Henry),  disposal  of  his  library,  495 
Phccnix  Island,  ita  discoverer,  410 
Photograpliers  adage,  114 
Pickford  (John),  on  Sir  Hugh  Calveley,  217 

Bolton  Abtx-y,  388 

Cope's  ]!ainting  "  The  Sisters,"  515,  576 

Fairfax  family,  49 

Fentun  (Luvinia),  Duchess  of  Boltoii,  217 

Joyce  (Cornet  George),  174 

Kemp  (Abp.  John),  419 
Pictun  (J.  A.),  on  EinmiUg,  327 

Gladstone's  "  Juventus  Mundi,**  209 
Picture  query,  272 
Pied  piper  of  Hamein,  364 

Pies.-e  (G.  VV.  S.)  on  the  old  style  house,  Chiswidk,  561 
Piggot  (John),  Jan.,  on  Balch  queries,  285 

Bicycle,  215 

Bumble-bee,  107 

Cambridgeshire  tig,  144 

Cards,  playing,  225 

Cucking  and  ducking  stool,  61 

Church  building  phrases,  238 

Effigy  of  Blanche  d*Artois,  226 

Gibbons  (Grinling),  carviugi,  259 

Hadleigh  castle,  284 


Pfggot  (JohB)  JoiL,  iQ  Hkwise  dt  Kmdloe^  btr  Mft],  184 

Jtwt  In  Jtfmiiltin,  95 

Klnflf  ptifit,  89 

Othooft  and  Britiah  deities,  816 

P^per,  the  eerUsat  spedaMO,  96 

Paifettiog,  or  plMter  work,  863 

PlnnUit/  of  altan,  105 

PopiTa  Tencf  to  ICn.  Hgott,  75 

Popnktioii  of  LoodoD,  fMy.,Hen.  II.,  188 

Pertnui  of  Bjnn,  251 

SuEOB  caticle  on  a  ohnreh  door,  101 

Seel  ef  an  abbot  of  CinneeBter,  390,  490 

Sprin^ki  chnreh,  anUphooarinin  in,  387 

Tttke  (Sir  Brian),  818 

White  awan  m  eapporten,  576 

Wooden  dialieee,  46 
Pigot  (George),  on  Nicholae  de  Ljra,  34 
PIU017  at  East  Looe,  Cornwall,  1 16,  168,  187 
Pinkertan  (Wm).  on  Cwmak,  242,  802 

DaTora  (Ja),  and  Isaak  Walton, 

Germoigonst  Freemasons,  441, 454 

Stnarta  and  Freemasoniy,  586 
Piriira  dmir,  514 
Pitmya,  Ua  kcalitx,  582 

Pitt  (TlMinae),  Gofernor  of  Fort  St.  Geoige,  286 
Platlbnn  ■•  gnnnd  plan,  467 
Pkcee,  treiM  of  bUtorjr  in  the  namea  of,  877 
Plant  ■«  mnriiineiy,  ntenatis,  Jec,  588 
PluitB,  popalar  namee  of,  42,  65, 142,  254,  845, 410^ 

467.585 
PlajiairfiunnY,  11 
Pleads  —  ptfir,  22,  88, 124, 146 
Poieon  eztnetad  bj  a  diieken,  505 
Poland,  polttieal  priionen  in,  158 
Ptifigoao  (Gvdinal),  **  Anti-Loereaos,''  412 
Ftofieh  wivee,  295»  871 
Pditied  eqdb,  216 
Pombna  (P^terX  Dntch  painter,  1 1 
Ftaipadonr  (Madame  de^  n  dueheee,  651 
Ponaenhj  (GoL  H.  F.),  on  badgee  ef  tbe  Foot  Gnard^ 
189 

Henrj  VL'e  Mgei^  479 

llont  Blano  eernnrinnlsti,  861 

Sdiembeif  (Gfauka  Dnke  of),  589 

WUte  awan  ■•  mppoden,  518 
Pteeonbgr  (Ibi  SudiX  o^  IlwgoUMi  IS,  820 
Pbofolair  Mi^^  876 
Pope  (AkB>  T«Mi  ie  Mnk  P^t,  75} "  Sir  Bdaun,* 

886 

Pepnlatkn  ef  Londiai  fe^k  Hiniy  IL,  75, 148, 188 

PtetMb  Saddgr,  688 

PtetaamUh,  tablet  kmmlj  In  the  Block-bove^  I97i 

land  fatiflentfaoib  419 
Pertna  AteaL  In  SnaMS,  866^  818 
Pdateee  imrodneid  into  Keglaad,  486»  568 
Piinr  (a  WA  on  henedWM  doth,  845 
P^wer  (Jdtail  <'Han4rBoek  atat  Beoke  *  194, 86$ 
P.  (PO.  m  Amm  Admw,  671 

Died  takiyai  886 

GkMifilnriHg,46y 
■  eTflUndc,  488 

(Ab^), 


P,  (E.  BL)  ea  Olwd^fpi^  181 


598 


INDEX. 


P.  (R.  B.')  on  *•  Kv^. St  rings  breaking  in  deaih,"  141 

Henicin  (J.  li.)  195 

Leaile'i  ci>:iil>>,  232 

Miiuriiin'^  K'ttt-r  |i:»i.er,  3IK» 

Platform  =  {Mrry,  4i>7 

Sun  {lUttiii^  tli«>  fiio  out,  467 

W<n>;KMr>  in  tlaily  jnf-r.^,  232 
Predict i- 11,  im-truiil.  81.  1-14 
Prehih^orn:  jinLic  ilry.  442 

Prenderi:-j-t  (.M.  (.'.)  «>n  Milsnn's  «jriimM;i:i:rli!cr,  320 
Prideaux  (.Sir  UuIuimI).  I.i^  fn  nily.  207.  344 
Primff,  its  pninin'.CMti'.in.  514.  574 
Primo;;t'i.ituri»  in  l'»  ..iii-.l,  234 
Printer's  aiHiI^-ry  t«)r  frr.it.i,  449 
Printinir,  mmi.  t,  117.  2-J4 
Printin^r  l>v  .'ttMui,  li.e  llrst  !»•>  •k.286 
Prior  (Mat.).  "  Hans  Cirvei,"  255,  326,  346,375,  550 
Prior  (11.  C.  A.)  u;i  cnniuel,  141 
"  Prcxlipal  J^om,"  an  (iriiti>rio,  271,  339 
Prophecies,  ancient,  273;  nittrical,  r«'sj)^ji:njr  an  Eng- 
lish primate,  IIG 

Proverbs  and  Phrases : — 

A  little  i»inl  ti>]  I  me,  292 

A  pin  a  <!:iy  Is  a  p-oat  a  year,  363 

An  ijiioiant  as  a  carp,  134 

As  proud  as  a  tln^r  witii  two  taiN,  20 

As  je.ilous  as  a  c-'Upic  of  hairdresspftf,  196,  266 

Aut  i'ac^^.dr  aut  niillus,435 

Barnunlus  U'-n  viiict  omnia,  532 

Bles>fd  is  he  iliiit  t-specieth  notliing,  277 

Breton  pr.iverh-,  502 

Castles  ill  ti.e  air,  13,  116,  184 

Ccals:  •*  Hauled  owr  the  cuals/'  57 

Copy  of  your  countenance,  133 

Corrupt io  opiimi  pessima,  133 

Frencli  wcatlier,  159 

God's  Serjeant  Dea'li,  480,  574 

His  bark  i.t  wor.»c  than  his  bite,  196 

Hub  of  tI.e  world.  410 

Laibrurinj;  un«ii*r  a  mistake,  3G3,  462 

Leading  upt-.s  in  h- II,  132 

Lie;  "  To  lie  under  a  nistake,"  56,  123,  206,  363, 
462 

Like  aii^'el  visits,  few  and  far  between,  23 

No  iov  lo^t,  133 

Our  end  linked  to  our  beginnin;:,  47,  60,  147,  267 

Out  of  GimI'.s  bll•^^in^  into  the  warm  sun,  132 

Peri.-h  c«jmmerce!  let  the  oonhti'ulion  livyl  574 

St.  J'llin's  ilay  and  St.  Swithin,  159 

Slinj;iii^  the  h.itchet,  2.')4 

Spick  iMiti  sj»an  new,  512 

Still  waters  run  deep,  133,  420,  542 

Tiiy  wi>h  was  fstlier,  Harry,  to  that  thou;:ht,  435 

To  day  a  man,  tj-moiMw  .Jnim,  390,  521 

To  dm.!  with  Diike  Humphrey,  313.  397 

To  have  a  goixi  time  =  enjoy  one's  >elf,  73 

Tread  upon  a  worm,  it  will  turn  again,  135 

Toujour.-.  piM-drix,  336 

Tota  natur.i  in  minimis,  534 

When  mv  eyc-slriiigs  break  in  death,  57,  106,  141, 
369 
Prowett  (C.  G.)  on  the   "Edinburgh  Review"   and 

Sbakspeaie,  249 
Proxy  =  quick-temiicrcJ,  fidgety,  511 


Psalm  Ixxxvii.  newly  translated,  7,  86 

Punch,  itA  etymolojry,  532 

Pnnctuation,  its  bibiioi;raphr,  512 

Pnpillus,  its  bignification.  74,  123 

"  PuriUn*8  cat,"  a  Bali  re,  97 

P.  (\V.)  on  Rudolph  Aeker;nann,  109,  129 

Barralet  (T.).  artist,  293 

Combe  (Wiliiarn).  15 

Comical  works,  478 

DtMlo,  397 

Drum  r=  an  assembly,  292 

Freemasonry,  455 

Friday,  an  unlucky  day,  505 

Gallii.atias  :=  nonsense,  294 

Goles,  a  term  in  swearin^^  335  * 

Uadleigh  cattle,  325 

Henry  dc  Elreton.  375 

Lace  of  gronnd,  324 

Larking  or  pnicttcal  joking,  360     * 

Liberal  arts,  the  seven,  296 

Low  side  windows,  572 

Poor  law  song,  276 

Pie<l  Piper  of  Hameln,  364 

Residences  in  London,  272 

RowlandAon  (Thomas),  artist,  89,  490 

St.  Duilech's  church,  near  Dublin,  325 

Serfs  or  cerfs,  548 

Wind,  the  name  of  a  wine.  276 
P.  (W.  H.)  on  medallic  qneriea,  56 
P.  (W.  P.)  (.n  broiderod,  421 

Chaucer's  "Schippes  H-'Ppmteres,'*  114 

Pridcaux  (Sir  Richard),  207      • 
Pythagorean  letter,  Y,  75,  198,  422,  490 

Q. 

Querard  (J.  M.),  "  Les  sapercheries  litt^nsxres  dtffoi- 

lees,"  227 

Quotations : — 

.Age  is  the  heaviest  burden  man  can  bear,  3S6, 

465 
At  {<u.iito  se  apcrire  solom.  1 75 
Aut  Cxsar  aut  null  us,  435,  5C9 
De  male  quaositis  gaudet  nun  tcrtias  lieres,  266 
Each  moss,  each  shell,  218 
Fles  viat>«r  mc  sepultam?  561 
Fortior  est  qui  se,  qaam  qui  fortissioda  vincit  op- 

pida,  561 
Hope  nfivcr  comes  that  comes  to  all,  SI 5 
It  is  hard  to  enslave  a  re:Kling  people,  513 
Learn  to  relish  calm  delight,  450 
Let  no  gain:>aying  lips  despise  ihy  yoath,  135        ! 
Our  acts  our  an<:els  are.  or  goml  or  ill,  218 
Should  he  u{)braid  I'll  own  that  he  pn*Tail,  392 
So  when  heaven's  lamp,  that  rules  tlia  gpuial  daj, 

117,347 
Sounds  wliich  addrei^s  the  ear  are  lost,  117 
That  land  eternally  sh.iil  bloom,  336 
The  sacred  tai)en}'  lights  are  g^me,  336 
Unfathomable  sea  whose  wave;!  are  year«,  254,  344 

B. 

R.  on  Cockney  rhyme,  87 

R.  (A.)  on  portrait  of  Raifelagh  Berwick,  362 


Rucbel  w»[}inj!  for  bcr  childm, 
RMlclifT'^  (Jaiii»).  wriiinn-nuuK 
RiaclllT«  (N.k1)  on  -  Vi.ilal,  or  Ui'e  DuHOMt*  3U,  4*9 

Railway  lime-Uble,  iLe  fir  ' 

Kukieli  (Sir  W.ll<r)  tiid 

436,  5G8 
It<un>E*  (C.  TO  on  Mi^  siid  ipoin,  8S 

B«iinet  (Km.  Geisge),  563 

"  Vt  ninlc  quRwris  triudat  DdO  totiw  Im 

Fun*  BiiulD>ite,  4.'>8 

Foratiof  Nutrli  nritaia,4BS 

Ma<-k«izie  (ISir  G^.rvc),  penii,  SK 

Maxim  aiinbuicd  lu  l^H;llcfoac■uU,  IBS 

Poem  ■■  'io  tbo  iBrtato."  37! 

SjbHrJs.  Tliu'it,  mi  Coaa,  cItiM,  S69 

Trmpla  of  Minerva  03  tba  Japjgian 

"Till  »isb  wu  fulber,  Hinr,  to  tlat  llMtigbt,' 
435 

Vbiioi'a  maiJm,  35u 
lUniMT  (Cbrvilier  Aflilnw)  noticed,  al 
Rmdinn,  ilx  atf  niobigT,  435,  549 
Kaoiil  on  oil  FrencJi  wotiIh,  4S3 
"  Rapt  of  PiiuariHne,''  a  pantnmiDN,  Ml 
Itaphael,  >■  D«ib  of  Al-ol,"  SGa,  514 
Bipbael:  TR^dny.  clisnelen  In  as  «U  |bqr,  S8* 
lt>thbrea.-il,  it*  UhmIIij.  184.  SSS 
ttaltnr  (J.  S.)  i>n  iiisrri|ilioi»  at  B^mOiA,  106 
BawJel^b  (Sif  Waltr),  M-bool  nf  Athmm,  53S 
Rawson  tjimil]>  of  York^bire,  3S 
Ray  (MiM  Jl.rib.).  buri^.l-plut,  14T 
Rajer  (Wi.i.)  oi>  ilio  curt  lUKnniian,  814 
R.  (a  A.)  mi  Robfrt  BiiriK,  3!6 

Duiwicb  iiKdwiiDil  •prini.  138 
R.  (C.  J.)  ■■a  diR^mcn  in  anna,  96 

I}>vk«  (Alaaiider)  ot  EbuT.  476 

Folrjr  (S|<ealu[),  |ionnII,5Sa 

Halte^deril  ebipri,  Dn-bjihira,  8 

Prorerb,  '■  A»  iciiuniMaa  a  t«rp,"  IM 

Vaibr  (Sir  Pl.ilJp  fc),  B7 

Viu^lian  (Wm.).  Tinr  of  LtondidK',  U 

Vaugli»n  bniili-s,  en.  HtnCjid,  117 
R.  (E.)  ..n  Ki.haid  Edm,  ST7 
Rcidini!.  ii.-.  iatn  nbk.iH,  453 
Raij  (Erie  Ma.  Ii,.j,  Ti  b  Lod),  ntius*,  175,  M« 
Kebelbon,  Ibe  cml,  3t9 
Racogniiioii  in  bwivpi..  313.  419,  M4 
Bsrard  Cmiimi.'tion,  Iri  b  litarcieal  fbwfl 
Red-brrut  IreeiKl,  A90  fiU7,  641,  876 
Daw  (Jarnn),  Amcri.an  anthor,  M& 
B«e«n('aC<iiBl  and  Flwt  Kteh,  9S4,  KM 
B^iddn  of  (be  C.<:Mn,«*ea1tb  in  DtU,  SO 
Broiiuianiv,  wbrn  fint  nard,  134 
Repieiientulion  in  tnediicval  limta,  143 
Renmoua",  ii>  d'liraiiun,  167,  S54,  905 
RnUr  (Frill),  l.i,  wriiinp^  IBl 
Reraabl-i  (tiir  Jg.O]ua),  prlrail  of  Ladf  SmImI  . 
R.  (G.)  i>a  ii<iirri,ice  i»  h  pmbvtRi*n  drank,  477 
R  <H.)  <«  the  fall  «l  Dnnbar  cutle,  406 
Rl^kab.'-  (A.  UiMio,),"  Tho  Piton  «f  Ma 

Hhes  =  riii-r,  99.  303 
R.  (H.  W.)on.c.in,  134 
Encli-b  winw,  893 


B.  (K.  W.)  « I«r  «f  hsUai,  IW 


SUdkIiv  Ibi  hitelMt,  SM 
RhjBti,  ke^  S30,  asij  al  DmatiUi,  N7 
Rich  (J<An),  pra  amlBMWi  h  Bariaqoin,  (OS 
Biebaid  II.,  "ChnoiqM,''  896 
Btdinf  tliaStmg,160 
Riff-n^uoldir^,  B17 
KiitaU  (■.),  oa  pMtnita  of  Bdcdi,  174 
Binhu]i<Or.  B.  P.)  n  UUd  toM,  671 

Brajlq^  "  Jbnbakta-,"  480 

KIIMiiaM,  4St,  4>S 

PutbMk^  two  tan  maie  boaki,  497 

Boral  AotadHaifaD  Ordar  of  Bnfilon,  S79 

Siaid(8mBri)aiid  -  Prlaaa  Fktw,-»7J 
BBdn>pat,  or  «aU)»fla(a*,  64 
Bhxtn,  a  taOtt  tia,  fa  17M,  176 
BipM«pai%SI<,SdS,S4a 
mx  (JpMph),  H.D.  OD  a  camUarlan  qaoUtfaw,  U6 

WMbn  (CoL  TalanliM),  907 
Riz  f  &  W.)  en  Sir  Tbnui  iMnba,  678 
R,  (J.  Ck.)  to  OramUt  Io  topi^rapbiwl  a*aMi,49l 
R  (H.)  od  Ohaaeti'a  oslJm  and  ftftoifaid.  SSB 
B.(lLH.)MiGin>g,«9 

Q>rtiiihudWalah,406 

HfltM  Oartk,  6:^6 
..-.wnMB  (F.)  on  HooUm  baQf,  873 
BobvlMa  (T.  B.)  oa  tba  BMrboa  fandlr,  486 
BobinaOD  (0.  J.)  OD  tba  right*  of  pnblto  libntka,  98 
BbUmob  (burr  OrMi,   wHeJ,  lU;mmtmm 


BabiDMo  CtMoa^ 


•it),  ■artpwl 
tako^SU 


>iU,Ui 


[T|»  amital*!  ta  Un,  »«,  1« 


IC-tk  <.U.'.  Uu^j  w  Alc4iii'a  BiU*.  IB4 

BoK>r  (F.  B.  N.)  m  Wllkio,  -  Baadiac  th*  Wn,"  B7I 

Bogar  (J.  a)  «  BdMl,  Enta,  Bit,  67* 

Boger  (J.  a)  ON  Sir  Wm.  B«r,  bi^  848 

Llaoda^  Hi  ArintiM.  4*4,  M7 
Boear  {8b  WiUam),  Ent.  1«7,  883.  842,  »tB 
Bopn  (Dr.  Cbatta)  ta  BoWt  Blair,  IM 

B«HM  (B«v.  OaovX  MS 

ITAIlea       - "     '|- .  IS 

FIHMDMimlkSM 

HanwrfMNlBtaiM  .. 

Hmut  (A.  a)  and  Sir  WalMr  Baatl,  *M 

Haa^pMnir- 


600 


INDEX. 


Bossctti  (W.  SI.)  on  Byron  (Lonl),  his  portrait,  423 

"  Edinburph  lleview  '*  aud  Sliakspeare,  3C7 

Family  of  Love,  442 

Hunt's  "Christ  in  tho  Temple,"  497 

Neologism,  523 

Shakspoare  criticism,  487 

Wigs  in  ancient  times,  4(38 
Bostram,  origin  of  tho  word,  412 
Roth  well  castle  and  Nxsebv  buttle,  295,  374,  440 
Rowlandson  (Thomas),  artist,  89,  224,  278,  490,  541 
Boyalihts  in  Cumwall,  their  letters,  532 
R  (R.)  on  "Rattlin  R.arin  Willie,"  286 
R.  (S.)  on  Geortro  EngK-iioart,  artist,  31 

Gibbons  (Griiiliiii:).  liis  works,  43 

Rowlandson  (Thomas),  arti>t,  224 

Vincent  (George),  artist,  364 
Ra:ljerd  (Sir  Benjainin).  lines  on,  77 
*'  Rae  with  a  diflcrcnce,"  in  Hamlet,  559 
Ruffini  (Joseph),  authi)r  of  *'  Doctor  Antonio,"  270,  463 
Rosby  or  Rusliby  Taniily,  11 
Ra^hlights  or  ru>listic-k^,  43 
Rust  (J.  C.)  on  tho  Decretals  of  Isidore,  490 

Nullus,  387 
R.  (T.)  on  Gardening  book.  370 
R.  (T.  W.)  on  tuch  or  touch,  77 
Rymer's  Foedcra,  syllabus  of  documents,  26S 


S. 


S.  on  dissenting  bolls,  55 

Miltoniana,  370 
S.  (A.)  on  weather  prognostications,  37 
S.ibbath  epistie,  132 

Sacheverell  (Dr.  Henry),  described,  478,  ool,  572 
Sackyille  (Sir  Thomas),  an  1  freema%onr}',  389,  441,  455 
Safibrd  (J.  B.)  on  a  charm  for  cramp.  50G 
S.  (A.  G.)  0!i  closing  the  Thames  tunnel,  94 
St.  Ailfeah,  294,  366 
St.  Alkelda,  297,  349,  420 
St.  Andrew*s  Univer>ity  and  its  rectors,  511 
St.  Bcrhtinus,  294,  305.  3G6 
St,  Bride's  church.  Fie,t  Street,  225 
St.  Byrinus,  294,  3C5,  366 
St.  Doulogh'h  church,  235,  304,  32.>.  376 
St.  Dun.-.tiin.  kviie  sung  to  liim,  450 
St.  Dunstan's  Church,  Vlcet  Srrcot,  225 
St.  Edelflod,  294,  366 

St.  Elmo,  or  Enno,  that  is,  St.  IlrAsmus,  218 
St.  Erasmus,  alias  Ehno,  Ermo.  218 
St.  Ennenil.la,  294,  366 

St.  John  (Henry),  duel  with  Sir  Ytin.  Erilcou.l,  275,  418 
St.  John  the  Evancelist.  his  de*^.tii,  452 
St.  Jadocu-*,  294, 36.'),  3C6 
St.  Juvenalis,  253 
St.  Paul's  cathedral:  jndc:«^s'  attonvlanco.  58;  cl''ck,213, 

325  J  the  old  clock,  3C6.  396 
St.  Petroik,  294,  365 
St.  Sidwel),  294,  366 
St.  Swithin  tm  a  bltck  cow's  milk,  362 

King's  evil,  313 
St.  Synjphorianus,  or  Saphorin,  84 
Sala  (G.  A.)  on  Mrs.  Afra  Bchn,  126 

Ncw^pap.•rs,  tiieir  origin,  191 

Redbreast,  a  Breton  legend,  507 


Sila  (G.  A.)  on  Steamsliipa  predicted,  144 

Salette,  apparition  of  the  Virgin  SUryat,  45, 123,  909^ 

264.  302 
Salfcro  (Don),  portrait,  420 
S.  (A.  &I.)  ou  tiie  derivatiou  of  Dallj,  66 
Border  ballad  scraps,  226 
Dinner  custom,  546 
Lind.^y*s  '' Cronicles  of  Scatlana,**  SIS 
Metropolis,  its  ecclesiastical  moaning,  485 
Sandalium  on  Thiery  Langendyck,  painter,  Zi 
Sandars  (Henry)  on  a  caution  to  nuvedsts,  156 
Paper,  earliest  specimen,  463 
Steam-8hi|«  prcdi«.:ed,  462 
Sanderson  (Bp.),  Lincolushire  cullections,  32 
Sandwich,  St.  Clement's  church,  itj  restoraiton,  578 
Sandys  (J.  E.)  on  a  Greek  epitaph,  323 
Hnrd  (John)  and  I>ocrate>,  337 
Sundry  queries,  315 
San  lys  (R.  H.)  on  smiting  the  tliiglrt,  S3 
Sarum  Breviarj",  reprint.-:,  527 
Sasines,  Register  of,  Edinburgh,  172 
.Savilo  (H.  W.)  on  **  Jealous  as  two  bairdniMH/'  196 
Saviour,  legend  of  Our,  234 
Saward  (James  Townsliend),  alitu  Jem  tbe  Pcnmn, 

277,  349,  422 
Sawceflcm,  as  used  by  Chaucer,  61 
Siy  and  Svle  (Viscountess),  Le,  Mry.  Pigott,  75 
Sayings  of  olden  time.  499,  575 
S.  (B.)  on  early  graves  at  Barnel-hy-le-WoM,  10 
S.  (B.  C.)  on  Scutones:  SkyiC!«,  31 1 
.S.  (C.)  on  besiquc  and  yosh,  516 

Vandalism,  521 
Scarborough  fulk  hire,  131 
Scarr  (W.  S.)  on  York.shiro  ballad,  S96 
Schiller  (J.  C.  F.),  "  Song  of  the  Bell,"  277,  349 
S.i.omann  (G.  F.),  "  De  Comitils  AUieiii«i*lain,-  157, 

181 
Si-homberg  (Charles,  Duke  oQt  portrait,  414.  539 
Schrumpf  (G.  A.)  on  Jasmin  the  Barber  poet,  88 
Origin  of  newspapers,  257 
Rhizos  Rhankahes,  *•  Prince  of  Slorea,"  534 
Tennyson's  nnacknowledgAd  poein„345 
Schwarzenberg  (Prince^^s  Pauline  to»),  105,  252 
Scotenay,  or  Scotney  family,  319,  491,  572 
Scotland,  educaMon  in  1549,  475,  570  ;  foreate  of,  335 

481  ;  social  and  domestic,  168 
Scots  Fu^ilicr  Guards,  191 
Sjott  (Sir  Waiter),  genealogical  chart  of  hu  aaeMtan^ 

32  ;  and  Alex.  G.  Hunter,  355 
Scottish  families  extitct^  133 
Scottish  leaser  barons,  aliag  lairds,  senricn  ezactod,  70^ 

142 
Scottish  martyrs  at  the  Reformation,  479 
Scottish  regalia,  363 
Scottish  religious  houses,  561 
Scotus  on  Blind  Harry's  Life  of  Wallace,  140 
Scrape  of  Carlisle,  561 
Scrope  (Isal>el),  42 

Scrutator  on  steam-ships  predicted,  S4 
Scutones  :  skytcs,  semi-students,  31 1 
S.  (C.  W.)  on  judges  at  St.  Paul's,  58 

Relations  of  kings,  172 
S.  (D.)  on  Dr.  Henry  Sacheverell,  551 
Sects  in  England,  444 
S.  (E.  L.)  ou  Dr.  Franklin,  558 


INDEX 


601 


S.  (?:.  L.)  .m  Fivo  e-£:»,  32G 

Iri.«.h  j;'.»'f<inf.«,  271 

Mticl.oili,  283 

Puni-liiiiciit  by  drowninp,  341 

Tiiret*  iii.|>ecunii>ns  barrUten,  372 
Scrfa  or  ceifs  254,  302,  548 
Seven  a.:<s  <.t'  n.an,  303,  575 
S«*yriio»r  (Sir  TIioiikls,  baron),  Life,  188 
S.  (F.  M.)  on  the  court  in  1784,  55 

Bibl:o^'ra[iIiical  queries,  115 

Clieiiiitype.  115 

Dp^'ravers  (iVtcr).  portrait,  311 

Fraser  (Sin. on),  of  Nirss  Castle,  74 

r!luiiiiiiutiii<:  :  a  suggestion,  133 

M.t<r(i:i!en  Ci.n}^ol,  Edinburgh,  233 

"  Man>c  Garden,"  136 

Printing  qtury,  117 

Stracliane  (CM.  Archibald),  234 
S.  (G.  11.)  on  M;(.ih  Hall,  370 
Shakers  in  America,  76 
ShaksjH'are  (William),  of  Portsmouth,  275 
Shakspcaio  (William),  autograph,    107,   187,  378 ; 
P]ay».  fi^^t  edition,  1623, 188  ;  illustrated  by  Thonai 
Wilson,  197  ;  criiicisma  in  the '*£diubargh  Review,* 
249,  338,  3G7.  432,  447,  487,  510,  538 
Shak^poure  "  Bill  uf  Fare "  at  the  Stratford  bftoqaet, 

412 
Sliaksperian  grammar,  168 

Shakspeariana :  — 

Curi-»!anu.s,  Act  IL  8C  2:  **He  /iirdl*<{  all  iwozds," 

447 
Uai.lct.  Act  I.  fc  4:  "The  drmm  of  mIs,"  250, 
339,  3<>7,  487;  Act  II.  se.  1:  WmtBae^,  886; 
Aa  lil.  .^c.  2:  ''Miching  nuUicko,"*  99Bi  •e.4s 
•♦  I'll  tei  a  bank  cf  rtte^*  559 
King  llem'y  IV.  Part  II.   Act  III.  ie.2t  '^Will 

Squele,  a  Cutswold  mao,"  359 
Macbt'ili,  notes  on,  384,  502;  newlj  adapted  ibr  IJm 
bta^'c,  73;  was  he  the  third  morderer  at  Baa*' 
qu..'.  daii?  211,  282,  376,  412,484;  appari^ 
tion.s.  432 
M  a.suii!  f  r  Measure:  the  "pranzie  Angekk,"  94 
Sharman  (JulMa),  on  Campbeirs  "Lochier*  Waroia^* 
532 
H;ii:L'i;  ;:  <  r  i:-.arrying,  417 
Ju:n  1..0  }.2;.man,  277 
Labonrj);;  nnder  A  Uiistak^  462 
N)u^,  hi  (lenvati')n,  370 
Sharjie  (If.),  on  J.  Newton  Yooog,  197 
Shaw  l..:nily,  102,  321,  439 
Sha-.v  (A.  M.),  on  the  battle  of  the  Inchcf,  108 
Shan-  (Mr.),  tlie  life- guardsman,  138,  176 
Shaw  (Samuel),  on  Hylton  castle,  419 

Jinirs  11.,  his  coin,  468 
S!ia\T  (W.  G.),  01)  the  battle  of  the  locbtf,  321 
Shears  (G.  J.),  on  Chowder  party,  306 
Sheep,  tlioii-  tatailiy  on  Huly  Island,  216;  tht  caitani 

of  re^stonnt;  lo»t,  232,  370 
Sheffifl.l  (S:r  Tlio  nas),  knt.,  175 
Shelly  (Jui.n),  on  the  old  meaning  of  "Uae,*47 
Shelves  in  Wistshire,  283,  802 
Shem  on  heraldic  query,  64,  181 
Sherbourne  Mi.v.->al,  19,  146 
Sheriffs,  h^t  of  county  high,  20,  83 


Sbipb  mno  topmbk  a,  158 

Sblpuio(llolfaer},218 

Shirlcj  (B-  P0»  <»  the  Dodo  portiaits,  265 

Fraoklia  od  Uia  TOTage  flf  Adm.  Barthokniifir  dt 
Footer  406 

Lageoa  of  battor,  813 

Soakao,  a  trap,  284 

UptoD,  •*  De  Studio  Ifilitari,"  eatra  pbtet,  477 
Shoe-throwiog  for  lack  at  widdiogi,  643 
Shrevabory  Bojal  Free  Grammar  Schod,  188 
Shropshire  arroa  and  Uneaget,  377 
Shropshire,  north,  its  gool^,  248 
SicGardiaii  laws,  481,  562 
bikes  (J.  C),  oo  swaddlen,  272 
SimpsQii  fuidiiiis,  11 

SimpsoD  (W.  SparrovX  oa  liejra  ■•  hair  olotb,  '85 
S.  (J.),  oa  Oowper's  motho^  portrait,  373 

Oainsboroofl^'s  **  Bias  B^,"  80^  237 

loqoisitfon  la  Fortoga),  518 

Low  skto  wiadows,  345 
S.  (J.  &),  oo  London  and  Oxford  tokoos,  479 
Skmt  (W.  W.X  on  Ohaoosr'a  ehroiiology,  805 

Gbaocer'a  psralMs,  292 
.   Dodking-stool  and  onoking-stool,  144 

£nnai.  Us  doriration,  223 

Fabyan's  ''Chfoaioloi^*  an  enatnm,  152 

F>sb.hols,  128 

HsafN^  its  otjmologjr,  51 

Utynmrn  haircloth,  148 

Hob  agplainod,  524 

IMisrist  paik,  124 

«*Bos  with  a  dUfcraies^"  la  Bamlot.  559 

Soottash  whefa  rfajms^  "Driebtlns^*  504 

Serft -•  tlBgB,  302 

Sivan  agss  (if  man,  808 

Smolsrltah  axplaiasd,  544 
SkfanmortoB,  on  nml  pistfmiL  105 
8kj-ladk,liaiB«itha,45 
Skjtss:  seotoDBs,  ssmj-atndsnti^  811 
Slug  Toeabokix,  581 

Sloi(^  (JobaX  «  Scaarts  and  frannaMur,  60 
•SUAof  bosf*82,87, 125 
ShMna-EnoM,  (W.  &),  oo  Ofaappmowna  fiuni^,  80S 
SmaUwood  (W.  WX  watar-aobor  pslntir,  208|  442 
Smirka  (B.X  €■  lUM  Biafv,  800 

St.  Sspborin,  84 
Smith (Albmt), mmdI  olHimt  Blami^  861, 881, 898, 

475 
Sodth  (HabmtX  on  F^ppstUD,  546 
Smith  (fiobmX  '*Ptema  ol  Osminniij,*880 
Smith  (W.  J.  B.),  on  a  asntMufaa,  581 

**  to  lia-^mdor  a  alHah^"  188 
Smith  (Sb  WilUnm  fllydmif)^  aamrti^Bi^  458 
Smoka,  its  andtnt  mnni^ji,  155,  S85 
SmotorUsh,  to  miirini,  408,  544 
SaalDM,  or  mmMnffi^  S68, 888 
Snib,  irnob  tha  door,  881^  487, 545 
Snair »  gmfc  didgiflB,  88 
a  (O-X  on  a  mlaor  l^yimi  aiilHy,  888 


^iniyX  «  OiyiNBs  and  luTdlei/' 508 
Sun,  tha  fat  how,  omwefi  ol  tha  jhfm^  818 


BaBitekiS 


602 


INDEX. 


Songs  and  Ballads : — 

Ballad  tiiue^.  176.  372 

DiiiKy's  Farcwi'li,  176,  372,  548 

Ft>recastlc  S.iiior.  374 

G'^^^il)  Lowiv,  273 

John  IJarleycorn,  274 

John  Cotik's  piL'S.  575 

Little  J.-hii  Elliott,  186,226 

May-tiity  carol,  65 

My  Poll  an'l  iny  Partner  Joe,  359,  488 

I'our-Uw,  276 

Katiin  Roarin  AVillio.  185,  286 

Sin<r  Old  K'tse  and  burn  tho  beIlowi>,  148,  396 

The  Coiintrv  Gahv.  72 

The  I)»-rbv  kini,  lijS.  247 

The  Scarf  uf  G«ild  and  Blue,  127 

The  Siiilor's  ballad,  501 

The  Turiicotit,  u  >atiriral  ballad,  12 

The  TtH)  Courteous  Knight,  561 

The  Uncon^^'iollS  llival.  515 

There  were  Thicv  Ladies  I'layinjj  at  ball,  396,  517 

York-hire;  "  The  Nut-Biowu  Sfaid,"  296,  323, 374, 
488.  549 
Sopran.i'.ni  of  Itali:in  painters,  232 
Sorp  (Aiuhoni).  "  Coiicilium  Buch,"  115,  167 
Sotheran  (Charle>).  on  annoiial  book- plate.-:,  519 

Wo.it by  pedigrees,  411 
SoTereipn.s,  t'emale,  anion^;  the  Goths,  216 
Sp.  on  cnirravinps  uf  foreitn  lodginf;-hcuso5,  173 

Ancient  Ummghs,  196 
Sp:ildin^  SK.'iety,  its  di.ssolution,  578 
Spani.sli  {-torii's.  legendary  :ind  tnditional,  424 
S.  (P.  C),  on  Amicia,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of  Chester, 

334,  542 
Speed  (Samuel),   author  of  "Prison  Piotie,'*  11,  305, 

372.  395,  462 
Spenser,  (KduiMnd),  Iiish  rivers  named  in  the  "  Faerie 
Queen.'    169;    plan  of    the  "Faerie  Queen,"  211; 
Works,  351 
Spilsbury  family.  145 
Spills  =  sli]>s  of  japer,  454,  546 
Spinnin<;-hou.>ies  in  Holland,  391 
Spotlit  wo.  vie  (x\bp.  John),  diatli,  38,  104,  176 
Sprinu'liild  Cnun h,  antiphonurium  tound  in  it,  387 
S.  (P.  \V.)  on  Phoenix  Islun-i,  410 
S.  (K.  M.),  on  Anerica  dij^civered  by  tho  Chinese.  231 

Henry  II.'.s  fits  <f  ra^ro,  .546 

Pythairoican  K-ttfr,  l'.)8 
S.  (P.  F.  \V.),  on  camiiiate  jot.s,  157 
S.  (S.).  on  B.'iton  Al»b.v.  5-JO 

Clark- (r.:i'jrirl).  .VI4 

I»iia  =-1=  a  Ji'-.e,  5-0 
S.  (T.),  in  Maeky'd  "Journey  through  Scotland.'*  135, 

185 
Stan'ord  iauiilv,  234 
Slajo-CMcli  tr.iVfiiinc:  circa  1820,  360 
S.  (T.  C.)  oil  L«»rd  Byro!i  .nid  his  daughter,  386 
Steain->hip-^  I-redicted.  L>9,  84.  144.  462 
Stet-r  of  w.M  d,  330,  4iM>.  525 
Stenon  (.Ii'hii)  i-n  T.  Kiwlat.d.son's  portrait,  541 
Steviiis  (Kdward)  on  Castleton  f«teeple,  315 
Still:nj:liiet  (Benj.),  naturali>t,  218 
SlirlinLT  pt'i.-r.tue.  38,  119 

Sloneln-nu'e.  account  of  the  structure,  1,58,  98,  161,  242 
Stool:  Who  threw  the  ttol?   135,  207,  259 


_    I 


Straclian  family  of  Thornton.  54 

Strachane  faiidly  of  InTere>k,  234 

Siranjiwayes  family  of  Well:i,  254;  anus,  515 

Strelley  family,  363,  465,  650 

Strickland  family  of  Sizergh,  30 

Strong  (Alfred)  on  the  meaninj;  of  Bocoeo^  241 

EiufeltifT,  its  meaninjr,  253 
Stuart  family  and  freemasooTT.  SO,  66,  136,  537 
Stuart  (Charles  Edward),  giandson  of  Jainei  IL,  psr- 

traits,  45,  84 ;  his  supposed  son.  533 
Stuart  (Prince  Joseph).  214,  255 
Stnbbs  (Wm.).  carat«ir  of  the  Bodkutt  Ubmy,  4t5 
Sul^idcnce,  or  8Qb>Ideiice,  23 
Sudcrey  islands  Ii>t  of,  12,  10%  200 
SufZ  canal  and  the  Bible,  531 
Suffragan  bishops,  562 
Sun,  its  gender,  558 
Sundeiliii  (Lady),  portrait,  333 
Sun-dialo,  works  on,  76,  142,  188,  247,  624 
Suu  s  lays  putting  out  the  fire,  467 
Sussex  earldom,  41*2 

Sutton  (C.  W.)  on  Forster,  the  flyinK  barber,  5M 
S.  (W.)  on  Bent  ham's  ^  Chuirh  of  Eoglandam/*  fiS> 
Svraddler,  its  meaning,  273,  370 
Sweet infT  (W.  D.)  on  the  Deformed  TrmntfjcilMdy  9M 

Spills,  a  slip  of  wixhI  or  papir,  546 
Swcltcrvr,  a  provincialism,  46,  206 
S.  (W.  II.)  on  an  anonymous  work,  273 

Celebrated  Christian  buriala,  512 

Emblems  wanted.  233 

Old  weather  wit,  509,  577 

Shakspeare  autograph,  187 

"  The  empire  is  peace,"  185 

Tyrrel  (Sir  James),  58 
Swift  (Dean)  and  Vanessa,  533 
Swifte  (E.  Lenthal)  on  Dibdin*s  songs,  571 
Swurd  inscriptiou:  *' Anspacber  .  Jager  .  Gwpii*  312 
Swurdbearers  of  the  City  of  London,  3A 
S.  (W.  W.)  on  an  Uulbelan  portrait,  74 
Sybari.'i.  the  city  and  port  of,  369 
Syrian  ctiristians  of  Malabar,  268 

T. 

Taglioni  (Marie),  her  early  days,  453 

Tailor  stories  and  Jokes,  126,  184 

Tailors  of  Tooley-street,  255,  372 

Tait  (Abj).  A.  C).  metric:il  prophecy  reapeotinrp  116 

T.  (A.  J.)  on  SS.  Juvenalis,  253 

Tartar  King  in  Milton  s  *'  11  Penseroeo,"  391,  41S 

Tauchnitz  Testament,  251,  301 

Taurobolium  and  Kriobolinm,  6,  304 

Taylor  (John)  on  Mordaant  &mily,  18 

T.  (C.  B.)  on  Douglas  Jerrold  and  Bjroiiy  126 

Caivings  by  Grinling  Gibbtms,  327 

Epitaph  on  John  Foster,  466 

Kerve  :=  a  horse-shoe  cluibter,  158 

Shakspeare  bill  of  fare,  412 
Temple  (Bp.  Frederick),  incident  at  bla 

.'^59 
Temple  Bar,  memorials  of,  225 
Tenplc  =s  chnrch,  29 
Tennyson  (Alfred),  allosion  in  his  **In 
561;  unacknowledged  poem,  276,  345; 
to  his  works,  338;  Welsh  moUo^  378 


INDEX. 


603 


Terouennc,  battle  of.  r)62 

Tew  (Ediiiuiui)  en  antt'cessnr,  306 

Baccal.uuc'us.  3-'i4.  548 

Bet's  and  tin-  (lp.i;li  of  their  master,  285 

BmiiMt^  l>t't',  207 

^Eiriovaios,  it.s  iiieaiiin^,  21.0,  243,  420 

Etiquefi',  its  original  meaning,  215 

ru-tiuiuiii,  34 G 

Gi|'>ie-,  2i)0 

llorar.',  (^mn.  I.  x:iviii.,  181,  297,  414 

Jcr<->i:iv»',  5(>t) 

Mt'Aoy.  349 

Metropolis,  its  ccclcaiaslical  meaning,  484 

"  Our  (Mi«l  linked  to  our  beginning,"  61 

rr«'Vtrb:  "  His  bark  is  wori-o  than  his  bite,"  196 

rupillus,  it.s  me.tninjr,  123 

rvtliaj,')reaii  letter  Y,  75,  422 

Reiemouse,  305 

SmilT  =  to  take  in  dudgeon,  36 

*'  ^till  waters  run  deep,"  133 

St<»:M'  altar  at  Sloiie,  iji  Kent,  275 

Sul)>i  leiiro,  2*2 

Warm        wealthy,  255 
Tew  (E.  L.  H.)  on  Imty  =  laziness,  531 
Tewans  ou  A'tlnir  Bariiaidiston,  337,  492 

Bu>liel,  Th..inas  244 

Dive.-,  f.iiiiiv,  31'^ 

G.d.i'ian-,  iv.  28.  22 

Gai diner  (Sir  'Ihouias),  21 

Lewin  (Wni.).  D.C.L.,  337,  492 

Metropolis,  its  civil  and  cccle»ia8lical  use,  335 

Mtiidi.s  (.loiin),  347 

Kort(.!i  (Th)s.),  author  of  '•  Gorboduc,"  233 

Puns  (liuhar.i),  called  CJiflord,  244 

Sc^»ten  ly  family,  491 

Siic.'irdian  laws,  562 

Swoni bearers  of  the  city  of  London,  33 

Tuke  (Sir  Brian),  489 

Va  piian  (William),  20 

We.-ton  family,  246 
T.  (II.)  on  Giiddle,  85 

llor-vc's  hea.l  in  acoustics,  66 
T.  (II.  ]■'.)  oil  inscription  on  the\Vci.tiaiiii.ter  clock,  422 
Thames  iiimiel  cl-sevl,  94,  166 
Theobald  (I/w:-.),  *'  The  Kape  of  Proserpine,*'  501 
Theopiii::..-,  B  .t  mi.-.ta,  "  Uural  Beauliea,"  47y 
Thicknc.-M'  (tiovcrr.or  Phili];),  bi.^graphy,  228 
Thisjlis,  s'..i  inix  t!i'.',  23 
ThirioM  (Charles)  on  Austria:  Prasiiia,  45 

Frio  tradr,  143 

Smb.  cr  i^neb  the  door,  336 
Thorns  (\V.  J.)  on  c<ntenarianism,  289 
Thorne}crup  (T.)  on  Pep^jer  UiU,  390 
Thorntt/ii  biroiiotcy,  54 
Three  black  cr»\v.s,  391 
Thurii,  tb'j  ndiisof,  209 
Tilbury  fort,  irs  fxunner.s  158 
Timbs  (Joim)  on  Mi  s  E  izabeth  Ben;:fr,  221 
Timmins  (S.)  o  i  Puskcrvdle's  Letter,  141 
Tip-cat,  a  p.i  i:e.  93 

Tito  (Sir  \Vm.)  o-i  Milton's  wri:!!)^',  263,  376 
Tizard  t'.imilv,  ol.').  574 
T.  (J.)  nv.  \..u.\  fm.dy,  4S0 
T.  (J.  W.)  on  II.  ••:!  i-e  !  f  Philip  and  Mary,  77 

WiiiM'U  ot  (.):;ii;irc.  76 


Tobin  (W.  B.)  on  a  remarkable  trio,  325 

Todd  (Rev.  James  Henthorne),  D.D.,  his  death,  24; 

sale  of  his  library,  498 ;  memorial,  470 
T(  ken  of  Hu(;h  Lumbard,  256 
Tokens,  London,  of  seventeenth  century,  479;  Oxford, 

"  Mallia  Cadreene,"  479 
Tolmie  (R.)  oii  GeMnias  at  Oxford,  478 
Tomkins  (H.  B.)  on  the  Dennys  family,  177 

Dodo  poi  traits,  166 
Tomkins  (Thomas),  writing-master,  100 
Tomlinson  (G.  D.)  on  Gainsborough's  ^  Bloo  Boy,**  23, 

204 
Tomlinson  (G.  W.)  on  camel,  "  the  ship  of  the  deiert," 

10 
Tommasi  (Tommaso),  Italian  writer,  410,  550 
Tompson  (David),  "  Histoired'un  peuple  nouveau,**  539 
Tootal  (C.  F.)  on  illuminated  books,  200 
Touch,  a  kind  of  black  marble,  77 
"  Toujours  perdrix,"  origin  of  the  saying,  336,  464 
T.  (R.)  on  "  All  the  TalenU,"  15 
Trades,  the  seven,  153 

TregfUes  (Dr.  S.  P.)  and  the  Vatican  library,  383 
Trench  (Franci.n)  ou  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  407 

Gray  and  Juvenal,  359 
Trepolpen  on  an  early  use  of  a  proverb,  512 
Tretane  on  deiivation  of  Oxney,  371 
Trevelyan  (VV.  C.)  on  Sir  Hugh  Calveley,  343 
Trinity  College,  Dublin,  entrance  registry,  83 
Trio,  a  remarkable,  325 
Troutbeck  family,  276,  369 
T.  (S.)  on  fysh-hole,  204 
Tuckye  (George)  and  **  natural  son,"  280 
Tuke  (Sir  Brian),  family,  313,  489 
Ture,  a  provincialism,  75 
Turkish  bath  in  1683,  558 
Turner  (R.  S.)  on  Sir  Thomas  More,  147 
T.  (W.  M.)  on  Tommaso  Tommasi,  410 
Tylliol  family  pedigree,  65 
Tyrrel  (Sur  James)  of  Gipping,  co.  Suffolk,  58 

U. 

Udal  (J.  S.).  on  biblical  heraldry,  418 

Udull  (John  and  Nicholas).  479 
Udall  (John),  "Key  to  the  H.dy  Tongue,*»  479 
Udall  (Nicholas),  noticed,  391, 479;  pass-igcs  in  "  Rois- 
ter Doi.-»ter,  '515 
Uffkins,  a  kind  of  mu£Sn,  76 
Ulphilas,  its  pronunciation,  117 
Undertaker's  hammer,  its  folk-lore,  276 
Uneda.  on  an  Ameiicanisni,  73 

Employee,  ia  an  English  word,  408 

More  new  words,  512 

Parallel  passages,  73 

''  Sing  Old  Rose  and  burn  the  bellow^/*  395 

Sky.Iark,  45 

"  Still  waters  run  deep,"  420 

Toothache  snperstiti'in,  506 
Union-Jack  hoisted  at  half-staff,  449,  546 
Upthorpe  on  biblical  heraldry.  146 

Desire,  its  different  meanings,  293 

Proverb,  "  A  toad  don't  want  side  pockets,"  147 
Upton,  "  De  Studio  Militari,"  additional  plates,  477 
Ursula  and  the  eleven  thousand  viri^ins,  4,  60,  77, 138 
243 


V. 

VmIk  <Sir  Philip  le),  tnt.,  97, 147,  16S 
VdbabnrKli  (Vua),  f««ilj,  330 
VnlUdolid  pMlerv,  410 
-  V«lot  E«:lwi«.lica%"  1680,  395 
Vainbme,  a  pirt  of  plale-annmr,  :IG4 
Vindeir  or  WnoilulM,  meinins  of,  1 1 7,  I  SB 
Vane  (H.  M),  on  Hiltou  hirilits,  375 

Vaobo  (Mt  Pliilip  it  U),  147 
VuihBmrfith  (EitliM),  "  V.nMsa,'  633 
Vatlcu  library  ilHcribcd,  3S3 
ytaffma  bmirm,  ce.  Hcnfurd.  117 
Vaaghan  (Willium),  phjiki.n,  fimilr,  SO,  83 
Vaus  htaih,  480 
VaniDur  hmilj,  363,  465,  550 
V.  (E.),  OD  "  Broiiltd  biir,"  34B 

"Cutluiolhttir,''  116 

Drfonn*d  trar,sfonned.  306 

Fuctiun  Ht  Wisbtch,  421 

I  rub  iDKduto,  350 

Labouring  ander  a  miilalip,  383 

'■NotP.ulbntJ™F;,"4!il 

Kucliel  *M>)Hne  (or  licr  cbildran,  363 
V.bns  on  Englisb  winM,  465 
Vddi  (J.  Van  it),  on  bomble-bM,  £85 

FlintK-mmut,  4S 

Ktnlifb  noidi,  31 

Wbitobut  =  blanqoottf,  311 
Vflda  (Jiin  Tan  dor).  writinK-nuuler,  100 
Vclodptdo  =  simd  lonr,  434,  548,  550 
VeIodi*k3,  their  origin,  56,  131,  340,  307 
V(ni>™  boiled,  20 
Vorkolo  (Jolin  and  Sicbolas).  ^•^  "  """  pamlings, 

135i  493 
Vita,  iti  liifTemit  mwiiinp.,  5151 
Vincml  (Genrge),  liindacape  painler,  364,  548 
Violet  CP-)-  "I'"'.  *^ 
'l^aitor'a  maxim,  S73,  350 
Viilan  (Cbartfa),  on  SinaHwood  and  Webator,  443 


Diiy  (Bishop  Goorge).  *S3 
V.  (K.  T.),  on  Slajor  Andrifi  luttor,  387 
Voltaire  (M.  F.  A.),  medal  of  God.  Wailiingloo,  175 


Wiiddell,  (P.  110.  on  Bums'd  family  portraits.  393 
Waio  (Lieut.  Simon),  ilracendanH,  114 
Wallianrlt  family  arm-,  336.  4Gf 
Walcolt  (M.  K.  CO.  «n  bells  hoiirrl  at  ■  diatance,  39 
Bentdictiii*  boHcla  at  Oifinil,  172 
Confessional  and  clicliaril  of  St.  I'anl's,  390 
EfGur  of  an  ecrleninstic  at  Filey,  467 
Slaiim  attrihnltd  to  RocligfuuciiiiUI,  56 
Sleam-obip:-  pnrdictrd,  39 
Wooden  clialicea,  46 
Walea,  its  biiitnrj,  443;  it<  n|^til,  515 
>Vu>ibj  (lliiHiiaK),  on  bell  inicripltons,  530 
Belli  and  bell-riiiEin;r.  43 
Bell*  for  diwentin^  rlia|>elj<,  83,  370 
ClnckofoblSt.ranri,  336 
Clock  alrikina  lhirte<'n,  343 
Oraluri",  '■  Tlic  Prodigal  S-n,"  340 


I  WaleabT(TbamaOoiiSi.Fa<il-»o>Uitdralci««telaA,ni 
Walkn  (HaT),  a  eantauriu,  SSI 
Wallace  (Si  Wm.),  atain*  at  Abn^MO,  106 
Waller  (Edmnnd),  iin)[,  19 

Walpola  (Horace),  notai  on  Pinunt'*  ■■  Londiai,'  ITS 
Wilter^  aliai  Barlow  (Lurj),  871 
Walton  (Iiaak),  and  Jo.  DaTora,  91 ;  T.  Flatmaa't  Ehi 

tabini.33)  editiona  oFUa  "Anjclar,"  9S 
Waoavr  (Henry),  and  Stoebnific,  58,  Ifll 
Ward  (Paul),  on  portraita  of  Bumi,  819 
Warine  the  Bald,  516 
Warm,  moaning  wealtbj,  355,  3SS,  MS 
Wannlng-puii,  oolleetion  of,  470 
Warrii'k  (Riebard  Nerill,  16lh  Eari  ■/),  ktbc^  407 
Warwick  (Thomu  de  Beauchamp,    lllb  Eul  ^  Ui 

plare  oF  baniabment,  313 
WaalduKton  (Gen.  Geor^),  medal  hj  VdUirc,  ITS 
Walliag  alreet,  in  Kent,  138,  395,  9S9 
WataoD  (Ansb.),  OD  "  Holland'i  Lcajpier,"  SO* 
Wataon  (WmO,  "  Traa  Itclation  af  tht  FBctka  rt  VW 

bM:)i,''314,  433] 
Waits  (Dr.  I>»ic),  portnit,  453 

Watia  (Tbonui),  bii  diatli,  348;  nMDiarUI.  BTl  • 

Wanton  (Col.  Valentitu),  "  HialiFy  of  tba  Chrtl  UtO^ 

916,307 
Wajland  or  Wajtisg  familr,  435,  KM 
W.  (B.).  •>"  e'>°*t  Honca,  10 
W.  (B.  LO.onUlj.hibii.lIT 
W.  (  B.  R  ),  00  niabliEbta  and  raahilL'kii,  43 
W.  (C),  on  Canac,  383 
W.  (C.  A.)  00  tbe  word  "  HetrnpoHa,'*  417 
W.  {E.)  on  Dr.  Fallerand  (ba  Wattiiiln»t«r  IHUlm,  *M 

nutti  (Staphen),  the  pn*t,  S49 

"  Ejastringa  breskinit  in  dtath,"  141 

Fannlhn>r  arma,  135 

Grant  of  arma,  data  of,  678 

Heraldic,  147 

"  Our  end  linkad  to  oar  baKumins,"  147 

Wjeherly  family  arma,  550 
Weapona  of  war,  liidui;  of,  577 
Weather  pmgnoiticationa,  97  -i  witty  njliigi,  SO.  Si7 
Webster  (Tli'inru),  artiht,  908,  44:1 
Weld  familj,  534 
Wells  (W.)  on  poiiiin  rxtraelod  by  ■  cliicken,  SOS 

Itotun  redbnaat,  linea  on,  507 
Welah  repmacb,  506 

Weniley  cburch,  atone  In  the  reatiy,  9  If 
WuIey(John),aloo11ffa,  114 
Weatbrook  (W.  J  ),  on  Blewltr,  Pan;,  ftfl ,  490 

Utidertaker'a  hammer,  377 
:  Wcatby  pedigree,  411 
Westminaler,  inamplion  on  tlia  giwt  clock,  9M,  4a 
Weatminster  petit  ton,  466 
Weatmi  lister  play,  444 
West  Nab  in  Yorkihira,  Taodallim  at,  SSI 
Wntun  family,  346,  36S 
Waatwood  (ThomaO.  pMtand  annlcr.  99 
Wealwood  (T.)  on  Gilpin'a  •'  lliraa  Di»IapMi,'  SM 
WbamcliBi)  (Lord),  noticed,  325 
Wbijipin^  at  univcrailiea,  534 
Whipping  the  cat,  ita  meaning,  107,  432,  SSS 
Whipultrp,  the  asb,  453,  573 

^Vhitaker  (John),  mnaical  oimpnaer.  daatb,  4S0,  Sll 
Whitebait,  ita  tme  appellation,  3)1,  571 
White  awBti  aa  mpporteiK,  619,  57G