Notes on the bibliography of Yucatan and Central America; comprising Yucatan, Chiapas, Guatemala (the ruins of Palenque, Ocosingo, and Copan), and Osxaca (ruins of Mitla.) A list of some of the writers on this subject from the sixteenth century to the present time

-

8

•HI

NOTES ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

YUCATAN AND CENTRAL AMERICA ;

YrOAIAX, CHIAPAS, (ilATF.MALA (TM'K ItUINS OF PALKXQl'K, Od >SIX< ;< >. A XI)

( Oi'A.N). AXU OAXAOA (Itrixs OF MITLA.)

A LIST OF SOMK Of TKK AVIMTKUS oN THIS sriiJKrT FROM THE
SIXTKKNTH fKNTl'lIY TO TIIK I'RKSENT TIME.

Wo II r EST E 11:

p ii E s s OF (HAS. HAMILTON;

.". 11 MAI x S T i; i: K r .
1881.

NOTES ON THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

OF

YUCATAN AND CENTRAL AMERICA ;

COMPRISING

YUCATAN, CHIAPAS, GUATEMALA (THE EUINS OF PALENQUE, OCOSINGO,AND
COPAN), AND OAXACA (Rums OF MITLA.)

A LIST OF SOME OF THE WRITERS ON THIS SUBJECT FROM THE
SIXTEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT TIME.

\? nr
BY AD. ' F.^BANDELIER.

FBOM PBOCEEDINGS OF THE AMEBICAN ANTIQUABIAN SOCIETY, OCTOBEK 21, 1880.

WORCESTER:

PRESS OF CHAS. HAMILTON,
311 MAIN STREET.

1881.

2

132

BANCROFT

NOTES

ON THE

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF YUCATAN AND CENTRAL AMERICA.1

BY AD. F. BANDELIER.

YUCATAN.

Writers of the Sixteenth Century.

JUAN DIAZ, chaplain to Juan de Grijalva. " Itinerario de 1* Armata
del Re Catholico in India verso la Isola de luchathan del anno M. D.
XVIII."— Printed first (in the Italian language) as an appendix to the
14 Itinerario de Ludovico VarthemV in the edition of 1520, and subse-
quently in the editions of 1522, 1526 and 1535 of the latter book. It was
also translated into the English language by Richard Eden, in the "His-
toric of Travayles," London, 1577, but I am not sure whether the re-
port of Diaz is contained in it. The most popular translation is that
by FI. Ternaux-Compans, in his first " Recueil de pieces relatives a
la conquete du Mexique," (Vol. X. of his " Voyages, Relations et Me-
moires originaux pour servir a P histoire de la dScouverte de P Ameri-
que,") and the latest and best reprint, together with a splendid Spanish
translation, is contained in Vol. I. of "Coleccion de Documentos para la
Histoda de Mexico," 1858, by Sr J. G. Icazbalceta, of Mexico.

PETRUS MARTYR AB ANGLERIA. " Enchiridion de insulis nuper reper-
tis simulatque incolarum moribus," Basel, 1521. (Separate print of the
4th Decade, which contains the first items about Yucatan ever published
in Europe after Diaz's report).

" De orbe novo decades Petri Martyris ab Angleria, Mediolaneusis,
protonotarii, Cesarei seuatoris. — Compluti apud Michaelem de Eguia,"
in December, 1530. Alcala.

"Opus Epistolarum Petri Martyris Anglerii, Mediolanensis, &c., &c."
Also printed by Miguel dn Eguia. Alcala.

Of further reprints, and of translations of Peter Martyr's works (the
reports on Yucatan are contained in the 4th and 5th Decades), I merely
quote: " Novus orbis regionum ac iusularum veteribus incognitarum,
&c." by Simon GrynaBUS, Basel, 1532, embodying Dec's 1, 2, 3, and 4.

!The absence of Mr. Bandelier in Mexico, precludes a submission of the
proof to his revision, and will account for any errors that may be discovered
in the text.

PUBLISHING COMMITTEE.

(Also the edition of 1536.)— A. French translation of the 4th Decade, by
Simon dc Colines, Paris, 1532.— A German version, by Honiger of
Konigshofen.— Hackluyt's reprint of 1587. " De orbe novo Petri Mar-
tyris Anglerii, &c., &c.," and finally the complete English translation by
Michael Lok and Richard Eden : " De novo Orbe, or the Historic of the
West Indies, &c., &c.," London, 1612. I need not dwell on the great
Importance of Martyr's book, for Yucatan.

HERNAN CORTES. (His first letter is lost : in place of it the letter of
the "Municipality of Vera Cruz," dated 10th July, 1519, contains a short
statement about Yucatan. This letter is printed in Vol. I. of "Coleccion
de Documentos ineditos para la historia de Espana," and in Vol. I. of
*' Historiaclores primitives de Indias," by Enrique de Veclia, Madrid,
1852. — Folsom's translation of 1843. " Despatches of Hernan Cortes,
the conqueror of Mexico, &c." substitutes an Introduction by the trans-
lator himself.— The earliest mention of this report is found in Robert-
son : "History of America," Vol. III., p. 289, Edition of 1800, and an
abstract is found in Prescott : "Conquest of Mexico," Appendix II., 3d
Vol.) " Fifth letter-to the Emperor Charles VII.," noticed by Robertson
and Prescott; contained, in full, in "Historiadores primitives de Indias,"
Vol. I., by Vedia. A full English translation, by Pascual de Gayangos,
was published in 1868, by the " Hackluyt Society," vol. 40.

JUAN CRISTOBAL CALVKT DE ESTRELLA. " De Rebus Gestis Ferdi-
nandii Cortesii," written betweu 1548 and 1560, and printed with a Span-
ish translation: " Vida do Cort6s," by Sr. Icazbalceta in Vol. I. of
"Col. de Documentos para la Hist, de Mexico."— Short and meagre.

ANDRES DE TAPIA. " Relacion hecha por el Senor Andre's de Tapia,
sobre la conquista de M6xico." (Icazbalceta's "Coleccion de Docuraen-
tos, &c." Vol. II. Mexico, 1866.)

BENEDETTO BORDONE. "Libro di Benedetto Bordone.— Nel qual si
ragione tutte 1'Isole del mondo con li loro nomi antichi e moderni,"
1528.— Later editions also.

GIROLAMO BENZONI. " Historia del Mondo Nuovo," Venice, 1565. —
Translated into German by Nicolaus Hoeniger: " Die Neue Welt und
Indianischen Konigreichs, neue und wahrhaffte geschichte, &c., &c.,'
Basel, 1579. —Incorporated in Theodore De Bry " Grosse Reisen,"
Parts 4, 5, and 6.— Of other prints I but mention the latest English trans-
lation, published by the Hackluyt Society in 1857 (Vol. 21,) under the title
of " History of the New World, by Girolamo Benzoni," edited as well as
translated by Rear-Admiral W. H. Smyth. There are Italian versions of
1572, French of 1587, and Latin of 1600.

BERNAL DIEZ DEL CASTILLO. " Historia verdadera de la Conquista de
Nueva Espuna," Madrid, 1632. (There may be two editions of the same

yeaif?]). Of the Spanish reprints I mention here (also contained in
" Historiadores primitivos cle Indias," Vedia, 1852, Vol. II.), the one
of 1837, Paris, 4 Vols. 12°, and the other of 1854, Mexico, 4 vols. also. —
Two English translations are known to me at present: "The True
History of the Conquest of Mexico, by Captain Bernal Diez del Cas-
tillo," translated by Maurice Keatings, London, 1800.— "The Memoirs
of the Conquistador, Bernal Diez del Castillo," translated by John In-
gram Lockhart, London, 1844. — There is also a German translation, by
P. J. Kelifuss, Bonn, 1838.— Bernal Diez (not Diaz) is very valuable as
eye-witness, having been to Yucatan with Cordoba (1517), Grijalva
(1518). Cortes (1519),— and finally with the latter to Honduras, passing
through Peten.

FRAY LORENZO DK BIENVENIDA. Letter to the Infanto Philip (II. J,
dated Yucatan, 10 February, 1548. Original in MS. French trans-
lation by H. Ternaux-Compans in " ler Eecueil de Pieces concernant le
Mexique," Vol. X. 1838, of his collection of "Me"moires et documents
Originaux, &c., &c."

GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE OVIEDO Y VALDES. "Historia General y
natural de las Indias," composed of 50 books.— The first 19 books, and
part of the 50th, were published by the author as early as 1535, — and
the first 20 books as early as 1557, — but the entire work has only been
printed in 1851, at Madrid, 4 Vols. folio.— It is full of details concerning
Yucatan:

FRANCISCO LOPEZ DE GOMARA. "Historia general de las Indias, y todo
lo acaescido en ellas dende que se ganaron hasta agora. Y la conquista
de Mexico, y de la nueva Espana, &c." Zaragoza, 1552. — Of this book I
quote — e. g — the following Spanish editions : Medina del Campo, 1553.
Antwerp, 2 prints, 1554 — Zaragoza, 1555, — and it is also contained in
"Historiadores primitivos de Indias," by Andres Gonzalez Barcia, Ma-
drid, 1749, Vol. II. — and in " Historiadores primitivos de Indias," by
Vedia, Madrid, 1852, Vol. I. — There is an Italian version, by Augustino
de Cravaliz, Rome, 1556, ("La Histoirie generate delle Indie Occiden-
tal!. &c., &c."), and French translations published respectively in 1578,
1587, 1597, and 1G05. — Finally, Juan Bautista de San Anton Munoz
Chimalpain Guauhtlehuanitzin made a translation into the Mexican, or
" Ntihuatl " language, which C. M. Bustamante published at Mexico,
in 1826. — I know of no English translation of the work. — It actually
consists of two parts, the " Historia General," and the " Conquista de
Mexico." — The former contains a short, but fair, description of Yuca-
tan, and the latter a report on CorteV doings there and matters relating
'thereto.

BARTOLOM& DE LAS CASAS. Of the numerous (over forty) writings of
the Bishop of Chiapas, I select only " Historia de las Indias," published

"at last," Madrid, 1875 and 1876, by the Marquis de la Fuensanta del
Valle and Don Jose Sancho Rayon, in 5 vols. The 5th Vol. contains
the famous "Apologetica Historia."— Another publication of the " His-
toria de las Imlias," though not as complete, has appeared in Mexico in
2 vols., as the first series of Sr. J. M. Vigel's "Biblioteca Mexicana,"
1877 and 1878.— It does not contain the "Apolog&ica."— Fragments of the
latter are found in Lord Kingsbo rough's "Antiquities of Mexico," Vol.
VIII.

" Brevissima relacion de la destrnycion de las Indias," Sevilla, 1552.
Of this polemic and strongly tinged memoir there aie innumerable ver-
sions.— I know of Spanish publications besides the above, and those of
London, 1812,— Philadelphia, 1821,— both due to Dr. De Mier.— Madrid,
J. A. Llorente, 1822, and Mexico, 1822. — Latin translations; Franc-fort,
1598; Oppenheim, 1614; Heidelberg, 1664. — French translations: Ant-
werp, 1579; Amsterdam, 1620; -Rouen, 1630; Lyon, 1642; Paris, 1697;
Amsterdam, 1698. (The last two contain each five papers of Las
Casas), and Paris, 1822. "Oeuvres de Don Bartolome de las Casas, "
by J. A. Llorente.— Of Italian Translations (with Spanish text). I allude
to those of 1626. Venice.— 1630, Id. :- 1643, Id., and also of 1645.—
There is a German translation of .1599. — Dutch translations : Amster-
dam, 1610 and 1621, and 1663. — I know of but one English translation,
which bears the title "A Relation of the first voyages and discoveries
made by the Spaniards in America, &c., &c." London, 1699, — although
Dr. Robertson mentions one of 1693. — Las Casas must be used with
great caution.

DIEGO DE LANDA. " Relacion de las cosas de Yucatan."
Bishop Landa was born in 1524, and died in 1579; his work must
therefore have been written between 1549 and the latter date. It was
published by the Abb6 Brassenr de Bourbourg. in 1860, with a French
translation opposite to the Spanish text, and under the title of " Rela-
tion des choses de Yucatan.'*— Republished again in 1864, with some
other matter.

The merits of Landa are certainly very great, but the real import of
his so-called "A. B. C." ("De sus letras forme aqui un a. b. c." pp. 316 —
319), has been misunderstood and correspondingly misrepresented. The
picture which Landa gives us of the customs and organization of the
Mayas is completely at variance with some of his other statements.
Much close attention is required.

" CARTAS DE INDIAS." Vol. I. Madrid, 1878.

These contain several letters and reports on Yucatan, from the 16th
century. I only refer to one, a complaint of four Indian "goberna-
dores," dated 12 April, 1567, against the Bishop Diego de Landa, desig-
nating him as "principal author of all these evils and troubles . . . ."

JOSEPH DE ACOSTA. "Historia natural y moral de Indias," Sevilla,
1590. I merely mention this author, without entering into further biblio-

graphical details about his work. It has been translated into many
languages, and — in part or wholly — incorporated in many general collec-
tions of "Americana." He says but little about Yucatan, still his book
is indispensable to any one studying Yucatecan antiquities, I also
advert here to his former publication, which is but little known : " De
promuigatione Evangelij apud Barbaros, sive de procuranda Indoruna
salute," Libros 6; printed in 1589.

GERONIMO DE MENDIETA. " Historia ecclesiastica Indiana," written
about 1590, but printed for the tirst time, by Sr. J. G. Icazbalceta, at
Mexico, in 1870 — Contains much and valuable information. — Mendieta
has been extensively copied by Torquemada.

FRAY TORIBIO PE PAREDKS, SURNAMED " MOTOLINIA." " Historia de
los Indios de Nueva-Espana," written about 1540, but published in full
only by Sr. Icazbalceta in Vol. I. of "Coleccion de Documentos, &c." —
Mentions Yucatan incidentally. — A large part of the work had been
printed before in the " Documentos ineditos, &c." under the title of
"Ritos Antiguos, Sacrificios 6 Idolatrias de las Indias de la Nueva-
Espana," — also in Vol. IX. of Lord Kingsborough. — A Latin version,
under the title of " De Moribus Indorum " may have existed once.

Yucatan is, furthermore, mentioned in many works of a more general
. character, embodying information gathered mostly from the sources
already referred to. I do not, therefore, enter into any lengthy biblio-
graphical sketches of them.

SIMON GRYNAEUS. "Novus Orbis," 1532. Already noticed under
Petrus Martyr.

PETRUS APIANDS. " Cosmographia," 1539, 1545, 1561 (Dutch ver-
sion), &c.

ABRAHAM ORTELIUS. "Theatrum orbis terrarum," 1571, 1588, &c.

THOMASO PORCACCHI. " L' isole pio famose del Mondo," 1572, 1576,
1590, &c., &c.

G. MERCATOR. "Atlas, six Cosmographical Meditations." Duisburg,
1594.

CONRAP LOEW. " Meer oder See-Ansicht Buch." Cologne, 1598.

SEBASTIAN MONSTER. " Cosmographey," 1575, &c.

ANPRE THEVET. "Les singularites de la France antarctique, autre-
ment nomm6 Amerique, et de plusieurs Terres et Isles decouvertes de
notre temps."— Paris, 1558; Antwerp, 1558; in Italian, at Venice, 1561.

I forbear further mention of the polemic works on the origin of the
! American Indians, — and now turn to some writers whose works are
i probably lost, or at least not accessible, although there is positive evi-
I dence of their former existence.

FRAY GERONIMO ROMAN. " Republica Indiana" — certainly existed as
late as 1630, or " Republica de las Indias Occidentales."

8

FRAY ALONZO SOLANA. "Noticias Sagradas y profanas de las Anti-
giiedacles y Conversion de los Indios de Yucatan." (Written before
1600).

DON FRANCISCO MONTEJO. "Cartaal Key sobre la fundacion de la
Villa de San Francisco de Campeche, y de la Ciudad de Merida," 14
June, 1543. (Still at Sevilla, leg. 7. " Cartas de Indias ").

In the above list I have not included any Grammar, Vocabulary,
Serraonary, " Doctriua," &c., &c., for the use of the Indians of Yucatan,
or written in the Maya language, of which several are known. In con-
clusion, I beg to add the Maya writing, entitled :

" SERIES OF KATUNES," published, with an English translation, by Mr.
J. L. Stephens, in "Incidents of travels in Yucatan," and by Brasseur
de Bourbourg, in "Rel. d. ch. de Y."

Writers of the Seventeenth Century.

ANTONIO DE HEURERA. " Historia general de los hechos de los Cas-
tellanos en las Islas y la Tierra firme del rnar Oeeano," Madrid, 1601,
1615, 4 vols. folio. There are two other editions in the original lan-
guage : Madrid, 1726 and 1730. and Antwerp, 1728.

Of this most important book, several translations have appeared, em-
bodying either the whole or only a part. — Thus a French translation of
the " Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales," appeared at Amsterdam
in 1622 twice, and a French translation of the 1st, 2d and 3d Decades, at
Paris, 1671. — A Latin version of the " Descripcion " was also published in
1622, by Colin, at Amsterdam, and a very unreliable English rendering
by John Stephens, in 6 vols. 8°, appeared at London in 1725. Herrera
is one of the most important authorities on every subject of which he
treats.

GREGORIO GARCIA. "Origen de los Indios del Nuevo Mundo e Indias
Occidentales." 1st Edition, 1606; Second Edition, Madrid, 1729, by
•Barcia. — A very important and valuable work.

JUAN DE TORQUEMADA. "Los veinte y uno Libros Ritualesy motiarchia
Indiana, con el origen y guerras de los Indios Occidentales." 1st
Edition, Madrid, 1613; 2d Edition, Madrid, 1723. Barcia.

AUGUSTIN DE VETANCOURT. "Teatro Mexicano." MSxieo, 1698. — 2d
Edition, in "Biblioteca de la Iberia," Mexico, 1870. — Treats of Yucatan
incidentally, speaking of Cortes, &c.

The work consists properly of three books : the " Teatro," the " Cro-
nica de la provincia del Santo Evangelio de Mexico," and the "Menolo-
gio franciscano."

ANTONIO DE REMESAL. " Historia general de las Indias Occidentales,
y particular de la gobernacion de Chiapas y Guatemala." — This book has

9

also another title : " Historia de la Provincia de San Vicente de Chyapa
y Guatemala de la Orden de San Domingo." — Madrid, 1619 and 1620. —
Treats of Yucatan also, following Las Casas generally. An important
work.

BERNARDO LIZANA. (Lizama or Lizaba?) " Devocionario de Nuestra
Seiiora de Itzmal, Historia de Yucatan e de conquista Espiritual," 1663,
according to the Abb6 Brasseur and Leon y Pinelo. — E. G. Squier
speaks of two works : one " Historia de la Provincia de Yucatan, y su
couquista Espiritual," Valladolid, 1633, and the other " Historia de
Nuestra Senora de Izamal." — Whichever way may be right, there remains
accessible as yet, but a fragment published in Spanish, with a French
translation by the Abbe Brasseur in his "Relation des choses de Yuca-
tan," 1864. The fragment is entitled : " Del principio y Fundacion cles-

tos cuyos omules deste Sitio y Pueblo de Ytzmal " — Lizana

is of the highest importance and value, and it is much to be regretted
that the entire book is of such difficult access.

DIEGO LOPEZ DE COGOLLUDO. "Historia de Yucatan." — 1st Edition,
Madrid, 1688; 2d Edition, Merida, 1842; 3d Edition, 1867.— Cogolludo
has always been regarded as the historian of Yucatan "par excellence."
He is indeed indispensable for any study of Yucatan antiquities, but,
like all other authors, he must never be implicitly followed. The closest
criticism possible is absolutely required.

GIL GONZALEZ DAVILA. " Teatro ecclesiastico de la primitiva Iglesia
de los Indies Occidentales." Madrid, 1649.

JUAN DIAZ DE LA CALLE. " Memorial y Resumen breve de Noticias
de las Indias Occideutales." Madrid, 1654.

These constitute the most important sources on Yucatan written dur-
ing the 17th century. Nearly all of them are of special value, and we
would call particular attention to Cogolludo, Liz,ana, Torquemada, Her-
rera, and Remesal. Among such authors, who wrote upou the subject
and whose writings are not now accessible, I name here :

PEDRO SANCHEZ AGUILAR. "Relacion de las Cosas de Yucatan, y In-
forme contra lo« Iclolatras del Obispado de Yucatan, &c." 1639.

FRANCISCO CAKDENAS. " Relacion de la Conquista y Succesos de
Yucattsn," 1639. (If existing, probably in Spain).

NICOLAS LIZARRAGA. " Represeutacion al Rey pidiendole la Conquista
de Itza y Lacandon, con unas Noticias y Mapa de dichas Tierras."

NICOLAS DE VALENZUELA. An account of the expedition against the
Lacaudones, written 1695, and comprising 402 pages.

I would further call attention to the land titles, such as Deeds,
Grants, donations, &c., &c., in Yucatan, some of which go back to the
2

10

17th century. , Those contain occasional references to the Indian settle-
ments, some of which are certainly of great value and importance.

Finally, I refer to some general works, treating of Yucatan :

SAMUEL PURCHAS. " His Pilgrimage, &c., &c." London, 1613, 1614
and 1617. (This forms the 5th volume of Pnrchas' great works).— The
great work of Purchas, also known as " Hackluytus Posthumous," ap-
peared in 1625, and treats also of Yucatan.

O. DAPPER. " Die unbekannte neue Welt, oder Beschreibung des
Welt-theils Amerikas, &c." Amsterdam, 1673. This is in factbut'a trans-
lation of the following :

ARIAS MONTANUS. " De Nieuvre en Onbekende Weereld : of Beschry-
ving van America en t' Zuid Lande." Amsterdam, 1671.

MATHIAS QUAD. *« Enchiridion Cosmographicum : Dass ist, Ein Hand-
biichlein, der gantzen Welt gelegenheit, &c." Cologne, 1604 and 1608.

JOANNES PETRUS MAFFEI. "... historiarum Indicarum libri XVI.,
&c." Antwerp, 1605 — frequently reprinted and translated.

JACOBUS VIVERUS. (Van de Vijvere). " Handbook : of Cort hegrijp
der Caerten Ende Beschryviughen van alien Landen des Werelds."
Amsterdam, 1609. (This is the 2d edition of an anonymous atlas).

CORNELIUS WYTFLICT ET ANTHOJNE MAGIN. " Histoire universelle
des Indes occidentales et orientates," Douay, 1611.

GASPARD ENS. " West und Ost>Indischer Lustgart. : " Co-
logne, 1618.

AUBKRTUS MIRAEUS. " De statu religioners christianae . . . ." Co-
logne, 1619.

ATHANASIUS INGA. "West-Indische Spiegel, &c." Amsterdam, 1624.

JOHANN PHILIPP ABELIN. (Gottfriedt). "Neue Welt und American-
ische Historien." Francfort. a. m. 1655.

A. O. EXQUEMELIN. ** De Amerikaensche Zee-Roovers," Amster-
dam, 1678. (Innumerable translations, &c. &c).

EBERHARD WERNER HAPPEL. " Thesaurus Exoticorum." Hamburg,
1688. (Indifferent compilation).

I do not include in this hasty bibliographical list any linguistical
works whatever, — or writings on the plants and medicinal herbs of
Spanish- America. Purposely I omit also Antonio de Solis, whose his-
tory of the conquest of Mexico has a great literary, but hardly any
scientific, value.

Writers of the Eighteenth Century.

JUAN DE VILLAGUTIERRE Y SoTOMAYOR. " Historia de la Conquista
y Reducciones de los Itzaes y Lacaudoues en la America Septentrional."
Madrid, 1701. The first part only, composed of 10 books, — the second
part may not have been completed,-^at least it has remained unknown
till now. Tl>e work }s of the highest importance, especially for that
part of Yucatap wljjcfr has since hardly been explored.

11

ABBATK FRANCESCO SAVERIO CLAVIGERO. S. J. " Storia antica del
Messico." Cesena, 1780, 1781. Spanish translations: London, 1826;
Mexico, 1844, id. 1853. English translation : London, 1787. German
version: Leipzig, 1789. (The English copy by Sir Charles Cullen),-<-
all these works mention Yucatan also.

ANTONIO DE ALCEDO. "Diccionario geografico-historico de las Indias
Occidentales 6 America " Madrid, 1786-1789. 5 vols. 4°.— Eng-
lish translation by G. A. Thompson. London, 1812-15.

JOSEPH ANTONIO DE VILLA-SENOR Y SANCHEZ. " Teatro Ameri-
cano." Mexico, 1746. — Of indirect value for Yucatan. (2 vols. folio).

J. LAFITAN. S. J. " Moeurs des sanvages americains, comparees aux
moeurs des premiers temps." Paris, 1724. (There is a Dutch transla-
tion : " De Zeden de Wildeu van Amerika," but I have no access to its
date at present). — The best ethnological work previous to 1850.

ABBE GUILLAUME THOMAS RAYNAL. "Histoire philosophique et politi-
que des etablisxements et du commerce des Europeens dans les deux
Indes." Paris, 1780, and other editions. English translation. Edin-
burgh, 1782.

WILLIAM ROBERTSON. "History of America." (Numberless editions
and translations, all too well known to require special mention here). —
Highly important.

CHEVALIKR DE PAUW. "Recherches philosophiques sur les Am6ri-
cains." London, 1771. A strongly negative, and through its exaggera-
tions in that direction, very injudicious work. Still it should be read
attentively, as well as the rejoinder to it by Dora Pernetty.

GEMELLI CARRERI. (Properly belongs to the 17th century). "Giro
del Mondo. . ." Naples, 1721. — French: " Voyage du Tour du Monde."
Paris, 1719.

In the Library of the Cathedral of Mexico there still exists :
ARTURO O'NEiL. " Descripcion, Poblacion, y censo de la Provincia
de Yucatan en la Nueva Espaiia." 1795.

We have also notice of the former existence of the following works,
by:

FRAY ANDRES AVENDANO. "Diccionario de nombres de personas,
idolos, danzas, y otras antiqiledades de los Indies de Yucatan."

"Explicacion de varios Vaticinios de los antiguos Indios de Yuca-
tan."

To take notice of all the geographical works, cyclopaedias, &c., &c.,
published in the 18th century, and which contain notices of Yucatan,

12

would he a task exceeding far the time and limits of this list. It can
easily be proved, however, that the works on especially Yucatecan
topics are not numerous. This may be due, in part, to the rigorous ex-
clusion of foreigners from Spanish America, and the consequent decline
of intellectual activity towards the close of Spanish domination. The
great collection of Juan Bautista Munoz contains hardly anything on
Yucatan.

Writers of the Nineteenth Century.

Here the number of publications increases so rapidly, that I cannot
attempt to notice all. Besides, many of the authors are so well known
that a mere mention of their names and the titles of their works will suf-
fice. Periodicals containing papers on Yucatan, will be mentioned
generally, but detailed reference to special articles can be given only
in a few exceptional instances. The latest works will only be alluded to.

ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT. " Essai politique sur le royaume de la
Nouvelle-Espagne." Paris, 1811, 2 vols. 4°. — Id. Paris, 1811, 5 vols. 8°. —
Paris, 1825-27, 4 vols. 8°. Spanish translation: Madrid, 1818. English
translation by John Black. London, 1811. Also translated into the
German. References to Yucatan and its inhabitants may also be found
in " Ansichten der Natur," (Notes), and even in "Kosmos."

FRIEDRICH VON WALDECK. "Voyage pittoresque et archSologique
dans la Province de Yucatan." Paris, 1838. Splendid, but the draw-
ings are mostly restorations, — therefore suspicious.

ANTONIO DEL Rio.

(The date of this report is: "Palenque 24 June, 1787," and I shall
refer to it more particularly under the heading of "Chiapas," — still, as
it contains the report of the Franciscan, Thomas de Soza, on Yucatecan
ruins, I place it here also).

"Description of the Ruins of an ancient City, discovered near Palen-
que, in the Kingdom of Gautemala, in Central America; translated from
the original manuscript report of Captain Don Antonio del Rio." Lon-
don, 1822. — There are two German translations : one " Huehuetlapallan,
Amerika's grosse Urstadt, &c." Meiningen, 1824, and v. Mirmtoli's
" Beschreibung einer alten Stadt in Guatemala." 1832. — A French
translation, by D. B. Warden, in "Antiquites Mexicaines." Vol. II.
and, finally, the Spanish original, in " Diccionario universal de Geo-
grafia, &c." Vol. VIII. — See also abstract in " Mosaico Mexicano."
Vol. II.

LORENZO DE ZAVALA. Report on Uxraal, published in Vol. I. of "An-
tiquites Mexicaines."

JOHN L. STEPHENS. "Travels in Central America, Chiapas, and
Yucatan." N. York, 1841,

"Incidents of travel in Yucatan." N. York, 1843.

13

F. CATHERWOOD. " Views of Ancient Monuments in Central America,
Chiapas and Yucatan." N. York, 1844.

B. M. NORMAN. "Rambles in Yucatan." N. York, 1843.

CHARLES ST. JOHN FANCOURT. " The History of Yucatan." London,
1854. — Not of great value.

EMMANUEL VON FRIEDRICHSTHAL. Letter of 21 April, 1841, in "Re-
gistro Yucateco," Vol. II., and " Diccionario Universal," Vol. X. — "Les
Monuments de 1' Yucatan, "in " Nouvelles Anuales des Voyages," 1841,
Vol. 92. — These papers are not very valuable.

JUAN GALINDO. Report on the antiquities of Lake Peten. "Antiqui-
tes Mexicaiues," Vol. I.

MODESTO MENDEZ. Report on Tikal. "Zeitschrift fur allgemeine
Erdkunde," Vol. I.; 1853; also in Siver's " Mittelamerika" and other
places. He is, as yet, the only authority on Tikal.

JULIUS FROEBEL. "Aus Amerika, Erfahrungen, Reisen, und Studien."
Leipzig. — English translation : " Seven years travel in Central America."
London, 1861.

CARL BARTHOLOMAUS HELLER. «* Reisen in Mexico." Leipzig, 1853.
— Rather fair and moderate.

DESIR£ CHARXAY, and VIOLLET LE Due. "Cites et Ruines ameri-
caines." Paris, 1863. — luvaluable for its photographs.

ARTHUR MORELKT. "Voyage dans 1* AmSrique centrale, 1' lie de
Cuba, et la Yucatan." Paris, 1857. English translation by Mrs. E. G.
Squier. " Itza, or the unexplored regions of Central America." Lon-
don, 1871. — A very attractive and valuable work.

CHARLES ETIENNE BRASSEUR DE BOURBOURG. " Histoire des Nations
Civilisees du Mexique et de 1' Amerique centrale." Paris, 1857-9. " Rap-
port sur les Ruines de Mayapan et d' Uxmal," in '' Archives de la Comis-
sion scientifique du Mexique," Vol. II.

"Relation des choses de Yucatan." Paris, 1864. (See Landa and
Lizana).

"Quatre Lettres sur le Mexique." Paris, 1868.

" Manuscrit Troano." Paris, 1869-1870.

The late Abbe Brasseur was certainly the greatest of all modern trav-
ellers in Mexico and Central America, as far as extent of travel and long
duration of stay are concerned. He knew those countries better, and
had easier access to the natives, than any other similar traveller of this

14

century. His works are therefore, actual mines of wealth so far as old
documents are concerned: he has collected and brought to light more
manuscripts than any other student. But his honest zeal and unre-
strained enthusiasm have led him into paths on which he has wandered
lamentably astray. His works are indispensable, though very little of
his own conclusions can be believed.

JUAN Pio PEKEZ. " Cronologia antigua de Yucatan," in "Relation
des choses de Yucatan." 1864. Diccionario de la Lengua haya.
Merida, 1877.

MANUEL OKOZCO Y BERRA. " Geografla de las Lenguas y Carta etuo-
grattca de Mexico." Mexico, 1864.

AMERICAN ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY, Worcester, Mass. Proceedings No.
44. Oct. 1865, page 63. Report of S. F. Haven, LL.D.

Proceedings No. 55. Oct. 1870, page 42. Report of S. F. Haven,
LL.D.

Proceedings No. 56. April, 1871, page 7. Report of S. F. Haven,
LL.D.

Proceedings No. 66. April, 1876, page 16. " The Mayas," by Stephen
Salisbury, jr.

Proceedings No. 69. April. 1877, page 70. "Dr. Le Plongeon in Yuca-
tan," by Stephen Salisbury, jr.

Proceedings No. 70. Oct. 1877, page 81). Report of S. F. Haven,
LL.D.

Proceedings No. 71. April, 1878, page 71. "Terra Cotta Figure from
Isla Mujeres," by Stephen Salisbury, jr. Page 91, "The Mexican Cal-
endar Stone," by Philipp J. J. Valentini, Ph.D.

Proceedings No. 72. Oct. 1878, page 65. " Archasological Communi-
cation on Yucatan," by Augustus Le Plongeou, M.D. Page 77, "Notes
on Yucatan," by Mrs. Alice D. Le Plongeon.

Proceedings No. 73. April, 1879, page 81. "Mexican Copper Tools,"
by Philipp J. J. Valentiui, Ph.D. Page 113, "Letter from Dr. Augustus
Le Plongeon."

Proceedings No. 74. Oct. 1879, page 71. "The Katunes of Maya
History," by Philipp J. J. Valentini, Ph.D.

Proceedings No. 75. April, 1880, page 59. " The Landa Alphabet,"
by Philipp J. J. Valentin!, Ph.D.

Proceedings No. 76. Oct. 1880, page 58. "Mexican Paper," by
Philipp J. J. Valentini, Ph.D. Page 82, "Notes on the Bibliography
of Yucatan and Central America," by Ad. F. Bandelier.

PHILIPP J. J. VALENTINI. "A new, and an old Map of Yucatan," in
"Magazine of American History," 1879.

ALBERT GALLATIN. "Notes on the semi-civilized nations of Mexico,
Yucatan, and Central America," in Vol. I. of " Transactions of the
American Ethnological Society." N. York, 1845.

15

A. AUBIN. " MSmoire sur la peinture didactiqtie et l'6criture figura-
tive des anciens in6xicaines." Paris, 1859-1861. (4 papers, published
also in the " Revue am6ricaiue et Orientale." 1st Series, Vols. III., IV.
and V.)

LEOX DE ROSXY. "Les Ventures figuratives et hi6roglyphiques des
peuples anciens et modernes." Paris, 1860.

" Memoire sur la Numeration dans la Langue et dans 1' 6criture sacree
des anciens Mayas." (Compte-Rendu du " Congr6s international des
americanistes." 1875, Vol. II.)

"Essaisur le dechiffrement de 1' Venture hieratique de 1* AmSrique
Centrale." Paris, 1876.— Still continued.

FRANCISCO PIMEXTEL. "Cuadro descriptive y comparative de las'
Lenguas Indigenas de Mexico." Mexico, 1862.

German translation, by Isidor Epstein. N. York, 1877.

HYACINTHE DE CHARENCY. " Recherches sur le Codex Troano."
Paris, 1876.

D. GEROXIMO CASTILLO. " Diccionario Historico, Biografico y Monu-
mental de Yucatan." M6rida, 1866. 2 vols.

SKRAPIO BAQUEIRO. " Ensayo Historico sobre las Revoluciones de
Yucatan, 1840—1864." Merida, 1870. 2 vols.

GUSTAV KLEMM. " Allgemeine Culturgeschichte der Menschheit."
10 vols. Leipzig, 1843 — 1852.

HEINRICH WUTTKE. "Die Enstehung der Schrift."

EDWARD KING, LORD KIXGSBOROUGH. " Antiquities of Mexico."
1831-1848, London, 9 vols. folio. Special value of plates.

DE LARENAXDIERE. " Mexique et Guatemala," in " Uuivers pittor-
esque." Paris, 1843.

WM. H. PRESCOTT. "History of the Conquest of Mexico." (Too
well known to need any remarks).

LEWIS H. MORGAX. " Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the
Human Family." 1871.

(No. 218 of " Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.")

" American aboriginal Architecture." Johnson's Encyclopedia, Vol. I.

" Ancient Society." New York, 1877.

HUBERT HOWE BAXCROFT. " The Native Races of the Pacific States."
5 vols. N. York, 1875.
JOHN D. BALDWIN. "Ancient America." New York, 1872.

JOSE M. MELGAR Y SERRANO. " Examen comparative entre los Sig-
nos simbolicos, &c." Vera Cruz, 1872.

GUSTAV BRUHL. " Die Culturvolker Alt-Amerika's." New York,
Cincinnati, and St. Louis, 1876, 1877, and 1878.

10

ADOLPH BASTIAN. "Die Culturlaender des alten America's." Berlin,
1878. 2 vols.

JOHN T. SHORT. "The North Americans of Antiquity." New York,

1879.

I further refer to papers in

"NOUVELLES ANNALES DES VOYAGES." 1843. By H. Ternaux-Com-
pans.

"REGISTRO YUCATECO." Vols. I. and II.

And to the publications of

CRESCENCIO CARRILLO, Licenciado. (I have but glanced at one of
his works).

ELIGIO ANCONA. " Historia cle Yucatan." Merida, 1875. 4 vols.

MANUEL LARRAINZAR. " Estudios sobre la Historia de America, sus
Ruinas y Autigiiedades." Mexico, 1875. 5 vols.

On most of the works like those of Prescott, Bancroft, Baldwin, and
others, I need not comment, having already expressed my opinion in
" Art of War and Mode of Warfare of the Ancient Mexicans," and
" Tenure and Distribution of Lands, and Customs with respect to Inheri-
tance among the Ancient Mexicans." — (10th and llth Reports of the
Peabody Museum). In regard to Yucatecan paintings and carvings, I
have expressed my convictions in "Sources for aboriginal history of
Spanish America," Vol. 27 of the "Proceedings of the American Asso-
ciation for advancement of Science." 1878.

I repeat it, this attempt at a bibliography on Yucatecan antiquities is
far from being complete, — many works of greater or less importance
having probably been overlooked.

CHIAPAS.

THIS district or State contains the well known ruins of Palenque and
Ocosingo. Still, but very few of the works hereafter mentioned relate
to these places. It is therefore a bibliography of Chiapas and of its
aborigines: — Zendal, Zoques, Zotzil, Chiapanecos, &c., and not a
special bibliography of Palenque, &c., which I intend to present, — con-
vinced that our lack of knowledge on the aborigines of Chiapas in gen-
eral is a chief cause of our ignorance about the past history of these
remains.

A large number of authors treating of Chiapas have already been
noticed in regard to Yucatan, and in such cases I merely give the
author's name, without the title or any other reference to his works,
except when there are special reasons for it.

17

Writers of the Sixteenth Century.

DIEGO DE GODOY. "Relacion a Hernando Cortez, en qne trata del
Descubrimiento de diversas Ciudades i Provincias, i Guerra que tuvo con
los Indies, &c., de la Provincia de Chamula." — First incorporated in the
"Historia general" of Oviedo y Valdes, again in Barcia's "Historia-
dores primitives de Indias," and in "Historiadores primitives de Indias "
of Vedia. — French translation by Ternaux-Compans, in 1st, " Recueil de
pieces concernant la Mexique, &c." — Also Italian in "Ramusio," Vol. III.

GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE OVIEDO Y VALDES.

HERNAN CORTEZ. — " Carta quinta."

FRANCISCO LOPEZ DE GOMAHA.

BEKNAL DIEZ DEL CASTILLO. (Eye-witness of the conquest of Chiapa.)

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS. (Especially the " Apologetica historia.")

GERONIMO DE MENDIETA. (Incidental mention.)

In the 2d " Recueil de pieces concernant le Mexique" of Ternaux-Com-
pans, there is a complaint or letter of an anonymous author against Las
Casas, dated Chiapas. — I also refer to " Cartas de Indias," Vol. I., con-
taining several letters of Las Casas himself.

There is, in fact, but very little published about the antiquities of
Chiapas, during the 16th century. I do not even mention any of the
general collections which have an occasional reference to the name. But
few vocabularies are noticed. Still we are informed of the following
works, which may yet be in existence, or ^hich at all events have
existed once, and were written during the 16th century.

FRAY TOMAS TORRE. " Historia de los principles de la Provincia de
Chiapas y Guatemala, del Orclen de Santo Domingo."

FRAY DOMINGO Vico. " Historia de los Indies,, sus fabulas, supers*
ticiones, costumbres, &c., &c."

The library of the " Museo Nacional " of the City of Guatemala, con*
tains a number of fragments of a " Histovia de la frovincia de San
Vicente Ferrer de Chiapas y Guatemala," the third book of which is super-,
scribed: "Isagoge historico apologetico general de todas las Indias."1— =
There is no date nor name of author, but it can be conjectured that it
was written in the 16th century,— Gregorio Garcia also quotes: Fray
Estevan de Salazar. " Discurs. Symb. apost." who in turn is said to
refer to a book entitled " Uistoria i Relacion de la Teologia de los Indios
Mexicanos," said book being lost in a shipwreck, 1564.

Writers of the Seventeenth Century.
GREGORJO GARCIA.
ANTONIO DE HERRERA.
JUAN DE TORQUEMADA.
ANTONIO DE REMESAL.
AUGUSTIN DE VETANCOURT.
GIL GONZALEZ DA VILA.
JUAN DIAZ DE LA CALLE.

18

AUGUSTIN DAVILA-PADILLA. "Historia de la Fundacion y Discurso de
la Provincia de Santiago de Mexico." 1st edition, Madrid, 1596; 2d
edition, Brussels, 1625. — Mentions Chiapas only in connection with the
biography of Las Casas. — The first edition has almost disappeared, so
that it is practically a book of the 17th century.

AUGUSTIN CANO. " Historia de la Provincia de Predicadores de San-
Vicente de Chiapas y Guatemala." — Fragment of a MS. at the "Museo
Nacional " of Guatemala.

The following books are known to have existed once :
FRAY JUAN ZAPATA Y SANDOVAL. " Cartas al Conde de Gomera .
. . . sobre los Indies de Chiapas."
" Cartas al Key sobre el Estado Dulce Diocesis de ChiapasY'

I make no mention of the compilations and general collections contain-
ing references to Chiapas. They are not numerous. — Gregorio Garcia
in his book, " Origen de los Indios," has probably the earliest mention
of the ruins of Ocosingo, and even^ perhaps, some indication about
those of Palenque. — Cortez who, accompanied by Bernal Diez, passed
very near Palenque in 1525, did not take any notice of the pueblo, —
which at that time was certainly not inhabited.

Writers of the Eighteenth Century.

NUNEZ DE LA VEGA. " Constituciones diocesanas del Obispado de
Chiapas." Rome, 1702.

Important for its reports on the idolatrous rites and the traditions of
the aborigines.

LORENZO BOTURINI BERNADUCCI. " Idea de una Nueva Historia Ge-
neral de la America Septentrional." Madrid, 1746.
Valuable for his mention of the Calendar of Chiapas.

MARIANO FERNANDEZ DE VEYTIA Y ECHEVERRIA. " Historia del
Origen de las gentes que poblaron la America Septentrional que Hainan
la Nueva-Espana, con noticia de los primeros que establecieron la mo-
narquia que en ella florecio de la nacion Tolteca." — This work has been
published as lately as 1836, at Mexico, by C. F. Ortega, under the title
of "Historia antigua de M6xico." — It contains notices of the calendar
of Chiapas.

F. X. CLAVIGERO. S. J. (ABB ATE.)

ANTONIO DE ALCEDO.

JOSEPH ANTONIO DE VILLA-SENOR Y SANCHEZ.

FRANCISCO XIMENEZ. " Cronica de la Provincia de Chiapas y Guate-
mala,"— of which part of the 7th book is at the " Museo ISTacional " of
Guatemala.

19

"Historia de la Provinciade predicadores de San Vicente de Chiapas
y Guatemala." Written about 1720,— and possibly the same work as the
above. — According to Brasseur de Bourbourg, 3 volumes which did not
suit or fit together and were the remnants of two MSS. copies of the
original, existed at the University of Guatemala in 1855.

TORIBIO Cosio. " Relacion historica de la Sublevacion y Paciflcacion
de la Provincia de los Tzendales." (May still exist at Mexico.)

FRANCISCO VASQUEZ. " Cronica de la Provincia del Ill'mo Nombre
de Jesus, del Ordeu de San Francisco de Guatemala." — Guatemala, 1714
and 1716, 2 vols. — The library of Guatemala ("Museo Nacional ") still
contains an anonymous MS. of 13 Leaves, "Notas y Advertencias"
to the above work. — Whether the " Cronica " itself is at Guatemala, I am
unable to say. The book is very scarce. Mr. Squier owned the first
volume only.

Anonymous. " Relacion de la Sublevacion de los Zendales, en el ano
de 1712." MS. Perhaps still at the city of Guatemala.

RAMON DE ORDONEZ Y AGUIAR. " Historia de la Creacion del Cielo
y de la Tierra, conforme al sistema de la gentilidad americaua." MS.
at the " Museo Nacional" of the city of Mexico. — Very important for
the traditions of Chiapas.

"Memoria relativa a las ruinas de Nachan, en las inmediaciones del
pueblo de Santo-Domingo del Palenque." MS. formerly belonged to
Brasseur de Bourbourg. It was written about 1784, and is the first
authentic report on the celebrated ruins.

D. NAXERA. " Vida portentosa del V. P. Fr. Antonio Margil de
Jesus." Mexico, 1753.

H. VILAPLANA. " Vida portentosa del americano septentrional apos-

tol Antonio Margil de Jesus " Mexico, 1763. (Margil was one

of the earliest missionaries in Chiapas.)

Documents relative to the explorations of Palenque.

Besides the "Memoria" of Ordonez already quoted, which first
directed attention to the ruined pueblo, there exist the following docu-
ments :

JOSE DE ESTACHERIA. " Expedientc sobre el descubrimiento de
una gran Ciudad en la provincia de Chiapas, distrito de Guatemala." 28
Nov. 1784. (Archives of the royal Academy, at Madrid).— It is directed
to the lieutenant "Alcalde mayor" of Chiapas, at Sto Domingo del
Palenque, directing him to survey the ruins.

JOSEF ANTONIO CALDERON. "Informe, fecho en 15 de Diciembre de
1784." Description of the rains. MSS. translated and published by
Brasseur in " Ruines de Palenque," 1866.

20

ANTONIO BERNASCONI. Other reports on the ruins, accompanied by
plans and drawings. MS. in Spain. Date, 13 June, 1578.

JUAN BAUTISTA MUNOZ. Letter to the Marquis de Sonora, written
1786. Translated by Brasseur: " Ruines de Palenque." 1866.

ANTONIO DEL Rio. " Descripcion del terreno y poblacion antigua
nuevaraente descubierta en las inrnediaciones del pueblo del Palenque."
— I have already referred to it under "Yucatan." Whether the plates
of the English edition are genuine, is yet doubtful.

I must add here, that until about 1820, the state of Chiapas pertained,
not to Mexico, but to the captain-generalcy of Guatemala, and conse-
quently all the authorities treating of the latter country may be sup-
posed to contain information about Chiapas also.

Writers of the Nineteenth Century.

(Explorations of Palenque.)

JUAN GARRIDO. [ ?] Said to have written about Palenque in 1805.

GUILLERMO DUPAIX AND LUCIANO CASTANEDA. " Relacion hecha al
Rey, sobre tres expediciones, &c." in 1805, 1806, and 1807. They visited
Palenque late in 1807. — Their reports and drawings were first published
in 1831, in Vols. IV. and V. of Lord Kingsborough's "Antiquities of
Mexico," and an English translation in Vol. VI. — A French and Spanish
version, together with all the plates, is contained in " Antiquit£s mexi-
caines." Paris, 1834. — The drawings of Castaneda are by far the most
complete which we have, although they disagree with many of those of
other travellers. This disagreement will be referred to hereafter.

JUAN GALINDO. "Palenque et autres lieux circonvoisins." Letter
dated 27 April, 1831, in "Antiquites mexicaines," Vol. I. — English
translation in the " Literary Gazette," No. 769, London, 1831.— Col.
Galiudo visited Palenque himself, but he is so enthusiastic that all his
statements and even measurements should be taken with many allow-
ances.

FRIEDRICH VON WALDECK. "Description des ruines de Palenque,"
with 56 large plates, in "Monuments anciens du Mexique." Paris,
1866.— M. de Waldeck had spent two years at Palenque (1832-1834,)—
his plates are magnificent, but they restore far too much.

JOHN L. STEPHENS. " Travels in Central America, Chiapas, and Yu-
catan." N. York, 1841.

" Incidents of Travel in Yucatan." 1843.

F. CATHERWOOD. (See Yucatan.)

ARTHUR MORELET. (See Yucatan.) Visited P. in 1846.

DESIKE CHARNAY. (See Yucatan.) In 1858.

CHARLES ETIENNE BRASSEUR DE BOURBOURG. "Ruines de Palen-
que," in "Monuments anciens du MSxique," 1866, Paris. — Valuable for the
historical introductions and for the numerous references to authorities.

21

The historical essay is a confused and disorderly jumble, barely read-
able.— The Abbe visited Palenque subsequently — in 1871.

To these reports I finally add :

CHARLES RAU. " The Palenque tablet in the United States National
Museum," Washington, D. C., 1879. (No. 331 of " Smithsonian Contri-
butions to Knowledge.")

Aside from the numberless historical, archaeological, and ethnological
works, several of which I have already noticed under "Yucatan," I
beg to refer to some specifically Central- American and Mexican sources
treating of Chiapas in general, with some occasional mention of Palen-
que and of Ocosingo, or even without any particular reference to them,

DOMINGO JUARROS. " Compendio de la Historia de Guatemala," 180S
—1818.— English translation by J. Bailly, London, 1823.

FRANCISCO DE PAULA GARCIA I*ELAEZ. "Memorias para la Historia
del antiguo Reyno de Guatemala." 3 vols. Guatemala, 1851. — An excel-
lent work, full of valuable and reliable information.

HYACINTHE DE CHARENCY. "LeMythe de Votan." Alen§on, 1871.
— Ingenious speculations.

FELIX CABRERA. "Teatro critico-americano." — Published with the
different editions of Del Rio. — Abstract from Nunez de la Vega,
with more or less hypothetical speculations about the origin, life, and
doings of "Votan" in Chiapas.

MARIANO ROBLES DOMINGUEZ DE MAZARIEGOS. " Memoria historica
de la provincia de Chiapas . . ." Cadiz, 1813.

EMILIO PINEDA. " Descripcion Geograflca del Departamento de Chia-
pas y Soconusco." In the "Boletin de la Sociedad de geografia y
Estadistica de Mexico." Vol. III. Also, Mexico, 1845.

Josis DE GARAY. "Reconocimiento del Istmo de Tehuantepec."
Mexico, 1844.

FRANCISCO PIMENTEL. " Cuadro descriptive de las Lenguas indige-
nas, &c." (See Yucatan.)

MANUEL OROZCO Y BERRA. "Geografia de las Lenguas." (See
Yucatan.)

In the imperfect list herewith submitted I have frequently included
works of which nothing is known save that they once existed. This
is done for the purpose of calling attention to them, should any one
of them be found in the hands of book owners and collectors here or
abroad. Libraries like those of Mr. Lenox or of Mr. John Carter-Brown

22

should be searched for such writings, and copies at least should be
secured. The plan of Palenque, made by Bernasconi, in 1785, should
also be copied without delay. A copy can be obtained from Madrid, by
application to the Royal Academy of Spain.

GUATEMALA. (Copan and Chiapas included.)

Writers of the Sixteenth Century.
HERNAN CORTES. (4th and 5th letter. Casual mention.)

PEDRO DE ALVARADO. Seventeen letters to Hernan Cortes, the
first of which is dated: Utlatlan, 11 April, 1524. Only two of those
letters were printed, the remaining fifteen are yet in MSS. Mr. E. G.
.Squier owned MS. copies of the whole, but whither they went at his
sale I do not know. The two which were published (11 April and 28
July), appeared in the following works : " Delle navigationi et viaggi,
&c." by Gian Battista Ramusio. Venice, Italian version. The "due
lettere de Pietro d' Alvarado," are contained in the 3d volume, editions of
1556, 1565, and 1606.

OviED6. "Historia y natural de las Indias." Vol. III. Written be-
tween 1535 and 1557, but printed only 1853. Madrid.

ANDRES GONZALEZ BARCIA. " Historiadores primitivos de Indias."
Madrid, 1749, Vol. I.

H. TERNAUX-COMPANS. " Premier recueil de pieces relatives a la con-
quete du Mexique." Paris, 1838. — French translation.

ENRIQUE DE VEDIA. "Historiadores primitivos de Indias." Madrid,
1852. (Vol. I.)

These letters, from the conqueror of Guatemala, are very important,
and the 15 unpublished ones should be printed at the earliest possible
moment.

FRANCISCO LOPEZ DE GOMARA. (Quite full, and mentions the earliest
author giving the etymology — or rather, an etymology — of the word
" Cuauhternallan." — This is the earliest printed notice about it.)

GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE OVIEDO Y VALDES. (Has other informa-
tion besides Alvarado's letters.)

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS. (Very important, particularly on the
interior provinces pertaining or adjacent to his bishopric of Chiapas.)

GIROLAMO BENZONI. (Visited Guatemala himself, and although brief,
he still is valuable.)

PETRUS MARTYR, AB ANGLERIA. (Brief notice, in connection with
the movements of Alvarado, in the last decade, Cap's V. audX. — earliest
reports on Guatemala in general, received in Europe.)

23

FRAY TORIBIO DE PAREDES, SURNAMED MOTOLINIA. (Not only the
" Historia de las Indias de Nueva-Espaiia," contains incidental reference
to Guatemala, — but there is a trace of a "Viaje a Guatemala." — Yet
the latter is still in doubt.)

FRAY GERONIMO DE MENDIETA.

BERNAL DIEZ DEL CASTILLO. (Although a citizen of Spanish Guate-
mala, his reports are not very full.)

" REQUETO DE PLUSIEURS CHEFS D' ATITLAN." Addressed, under date
of 1 Feb'y, 1571, to Philip II. Published in French, by H. Ternaux-
Compans, in 1st "Recueil de pieces concernant le Mexique," 1838. — It is
valuable.

PASCUAL DE ANDAGOYA. " Relacion de los sucesos de Pedrarias
Davila en las provincias de Tierra flrme 6 Castilla del oro, y de lo
ocurrido en el descubrimiento de la mar del Sur y costas del Peru y Nica-
ragua." About 1545. — Original at Sevilla, printed1 for the first time by
Don Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, in 1829. Vol. III. of " Coleccion
de los Viages y Descubrimientos, &c." — English translation, by C. R.
Markham, published under the title of " The Narrative of Pascual de
Andagoya," by the Hackluyt Society, Vol. 34, 1865.— Slight mention is
made of Guatemala.

ALONZO DE ZURITA. (Corita?) "Breve y Sumaria Relacion de los
Seiiores, y maneras y diferencias que habia de ellos en la Nueva-Espana.
. . . ." — This important official document, written about 1560, has been
published but once in Spanish, — in Vol. II. of "Coleccion de Documen-
tos Ineditos relatives al Descubrimiento, Conqaista y Colonizacion de
las Posesiones Espaiiolas en America y Oceania," 1865. — The text is,
however, imperfect. — A better original had been used by Ternaux-Com-
pans for his French translation : "Rapport sur les difflrentes classes de
la Nouvelle-Espagne.'' — Zurita is very important on the organization of
the QuichS tribes of Guatemala, and he has been almost verbally copied
by Herrera.

DIEGO GARCIA DE PALACIO. " Carta dirigida al Rey de Espana,"
1576, March 8th. — The chief importance of this report, in connection
with this list, consists in its being the earliest notice of the ruins
of Copan. Herrera made extensive use of Palacio's writings, but he
omitted that part which referred to Copan because it was not confirmed
(at his time) by any other testimony. The first publication of Palacio
was by Ternaux-Compans, in 1840, "Recueil de Documents et memoires
originaux sur 1' histoire des possessions espagnoles, &c." — French trans-
lation : fluent, but not always reliable. A Spanish copy appeared in

1806, in Vol. VII. of " Coleccion de Documentos Ineditos "—A

Spanish copy, with English translation, by E. G. Squier, in 1860, as Vol.
I. of his "collection of rare and original documents, relations, &c.,

24

<fcc." — Finally. Dr. Alexander von Frantzius published a German trans-
lation in 1873, under the heading of " San Salvador and Honduras im
Jahre, 1576," — which is particularly valuable on account of the notes by
the translator, as well as by Dr. C. H. Berendt. — Palacio must have visited
Copan about 1576, and the fact is established through him that its
buildings were in ruins at the time of the Spanish conquest, that is
about 1530, and no distinct traditions of their origin left.

Passing over all general collections and geographical works, &c., &c.,
of the sixteenth century, I will mention :

"CARTAS DE INDIAS." (See Yucatan.) and the miscellaneous col-
lections like " Coleccion de Documentos ineditos para la Historia de Es-
paiia," begun by Navarrete, Miguel Salva, and Pedro Saing de Barada, in
1842, and still continued.

" Coleccion de Documentos relativos al Descubrimiento, Conquista y Co-
lonization de las Posesiones Espanolas en America y Oceania." Com-
menced in 1864, and still continued.

(These collections contain chiefly documents from the *' Real Archivo
de Indias," and although they are of recent date, the papers are all from
the earlier times of Spanish conquest and settlement.)

The library of the " Museo Nacional " at the City »f Guatemala (la
Nueva), contains the following:

RAFAEL AKEVALO. " Libro de Actas del Ayuntamiento de la Ciudad
de Guatemala." (Town book or record, from 1524 to 1530.)

" Coleccion de Documentos antiguos del Archivo del Ayuntamiento de
la Ciudad de Guatemala." — (Both bound in one volume and published
in 1856 and 1857.)

MANUSCRIPTS. " Libro segundo del Cabildo de la Ciudad de Santiago
de la Provincia del Guatemala." (1530 to 1541.)

"Libro tercero de Cabildo." (1541 to 1543.)

" Historia de la Provincia de San Vicente de Chiapa y Guatemala."
(Fragmentary.)

FRANCISCO HERNANDEZ, CACIQUE OF SOLOLA. (FRANCISCO ERNAN-
DEZ ARANA XAHILA.) "Memorial," written about 1582. — Original
owned by Brasseur de Bourbourg, who quotes it under the heading of
" Memorial de Tec-Pan-Atitlan." — It is one of the most important and
valuable documents existing on aboriginal topics, — embodying, as it
does, a statement of the conquest of Guatemala, written by a native in
his own language.

•* Documentos antiguos de la casa de Ixcuinte-Nehaib."

In addition to these, I must lay particular stress on the " territorial
titles " land grants, cessions, leases, or deeds to lands, still held in Gua-
temala,— or to whatever (if anything) may be left of their records. —
Such papers contain frequently interesting, if not important references
to antiquities, traditions and historical facts, also to the customs and man-
ners of the Indians.

25

Among the other authorities still perhaps existing, or known to have
existed, though of difficult access, I refer to those below, avoiding, of
course, Linguistical works, unless they are of direct bearing on other
subjects also.

JUAN ESTRADA DE KAVAGO (or Juan Strada Salvago.) " Descrip-
cion de las Frovincias de Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
y Tierra-flrme y Cartagena, &c., &c." 6 May, 1572. (MS. copy of it
belonging to E. G. Squier.)

" Memorial de las advertencias i cosas que la C. Cath, R'l M. del Key
i su Re. Consejo de Indias manda hacer, &c., &c." (MS. of E. G.
Squier.) 1579.

FRANCISCO MONTERO DE MIRANDA. "Relacion dirigida al Ill'mo Senor
Palacio, &c., &c., sobre la proviucia de la Verapaz 6 Tierra de Guerra."
1575. (MS. of E. G. Squier.)

FRAYLES : FRANCISCO VIANA, LUCAS GALLEGO, and GUTLLERMO CADE-
NA. "Relacion de la provincia y tierra de la Vera Paz," 1574. (MS.
of Squier.)

FRAY TOMAS CARDENAS. "Representaciones al Rey sobre el Estado de
los Pueblos de la Vera-Paz."

FRAY TOMAS CASTELAR. " Tratado de los Idolos de Guatemala."

"Triunfos de los Martires del Orden de Predicadores en las Indias."
Printed 1580.

FRAY TOMAS TORRE. " Historia de los principios de la Provincia de
Chiapas y Guatemala, del Ordeu de Santo Domingo." — Written prior to
1567.

FRAY DOMINGO Vico. " Historia de los Indies, sus Fabulas, Supers-
ticiones, Costumbres, &c."

"Teologia para los Indies, en Lengua de Vera Paz." 4 vols. (Still
existing.)

GER6NIMO ROMAN. " Repiiblica Indiana." (See Yucatan.)

This list is certainly far from complete, and it may be that among
the vocabularies, grammars, and such works now lost, although we
know of their former existence, there were some, — perhaps even many, —
which contained historical and ethnological matter of great value.— It
is hardly possible to avoid all allusions to such subjects in any work on
linguistics. But the number of books of that class is too great for the
purpose of the present list.

Writers of the Seventeenth Century.

AUGUSTIN DAVILA-PADILLA. (See Yucatan. First edition appeared
in 1595.)

GREGORIO GARCIA. (Plain and well informed, though brief.)

JUAN DE TORQUEMADA. (Important on organization and government,
also myths.)

ANTONIO DE HERRERA. (Very full and important.)
4

26

ANTONIO DE REMESAL. (Not as full on antiquities as might be
expected.)

AUGUSTIN DE VETANCOURT. (Very slight mention.)
ENRICO MARTINEZ. (Casual mention.")
GIL GONZALEZ DAVILA.
JUAN DIEZ DE LA CALLE.

FERNANDO DE ALBA IXTLILXOCHITL. " Relaciones historicas." — Of
these, the thirteenth, " De la Venida de los Espai5oles," is of particular
interest for Guatemala, — since it relates in detail Cortes' trip to Hondu-
ras. The «« Relaciones " are printed in full in Vol. IX. of Lord Kings-
borough's Collection, — the 13th however, was published under the title
of "Horribles Crueldades de los Conquistadores de Mexico," as ap-
pendix to Sahagun's " Hist-general," Vol. III., in 1829. From this,
M. Ternaux made a French translation, published by him in 1838, as
"CruautSs horribles des Conquerants du Mexique," — in the first series of
his "Voyages et M6moires originaux, &c."

" Historia de los Chichimecos, o' reyes antiguos de Tezcuco." —
Casual mention of Guatemala. — Published in Kingsborough, Vol. IX.,
and translated by Ternaux and printed in French as " Histoire des
Chichimeques ou des anciens rois de Tezcuco," in 1840. — (2d Series.) —
Besides these, there are found references to Guatemala in the " Sumaria
Relacion, de los Toltecas." (Kingsb. IX.)— Ixtlilxochitl, though full
of details, is always a very suspicious source. — He is the representative
of one tribe exclusively.

FRANCISCO ANTONIO FUENTES Y GUZMAN. " Recorclacion florida;
Discurso historico, natural, material, militar, y- politico del reyno de
Guatemala." MS. of 1690. Original in the municipal archives of the
city of Guatemala. Copy at the ** Museo Nacional." — Fuentes is like
Ixtlilxochitl — both have the same tendency to extol their native tribes —
still both must be carefully studied and critically examined. — A publi-
cation of Fuentes, well and judiciously annotated, would be highly
useful.

FERNANDO ESPINO. " Historia de la reduccion y conversion de la
Provincia de Taguzgalpa, con la Vida de los tres Martires." — Printed at
Guatemala, 1674. — Whether and where it still exists I do not know.

LIONEL WAFER. " A new Voyage and description of the Isthmus of
America." — London, 1699.

FRAY THOMAS GAGE. " New survey of the West Indies." (A work
which is looked upon with great suspicion, because the author, although
he evidently went to Guatemala from Mexico, misrepresents a great many
facts. Still he cannot be overlooked.) — This book appeared first prior
to 1676.— Robertson quotes an Englishx edition of 1677, and that of 1699
is the fourth edition. There are French editions of 1676, 1694-5, 1699

27

1720, 1721. Dutch of 1682, 1700. German of 1693. Spanish, 1838.—
Yet this list is evidently still incomplete, as further material is out of
my reach.

ANTONIO DE LEON Y PINELO. " Tratado de Confirmaciones Reales de
Encomiendas, Oflcios, y casos en que se requieron para las Indias Occi-
dentales." Madrid, 1630.— This work is one of the best on many vital
points of Spanish administration, — and since the latter is so intimately
connected with the past and present condition of the aborigines as to
make its knowledge absolutely necessary, — it must be attentively
studied. — I shall, for this reason, add below the books of Sol6rzano :

" Epitome de la Biblioteca Oriental i Occidental, Nautica y Geogra-
fica." Madrid, 1629. 2d Edition, by Barcia, 1737 and 1738. (Important
bibliographically.)

" Reldcion que en el Consejo Real de las Indias hizo el Licenciado . . .
. . ., sobre la Paciflcacion de las Proviucias del Manche y Lacandon,"
1639. MS. of E. G. Squier.

JUAN DE SOLORZANO-PEREYRA. " Disputationem de Indiarum jure,
sive de mixta Indiarum Occidentalium inquisitione, acquisitione, et reten-
tione tribus libris compeheusam." (This is the title of the first volume
only, the second volume bears the heading " De Indiarum gubernatione,
&c.") Madrid, 1629-1639.— 2d edition, 1672.

"Politica Indiana." Madrid, 1648.— Subsequent editions, 1703, 1736-39,
1776.

The latter work is but a Spanish transcription or version of the first.
The importance of both is in their clear " expose " of the principles of
right and law, according to which the Spanish Indies were governed. —
We are thereby enabled to judge of the true relations existing between
the conquering and conquered races, and to detect, how far the original
condition of the latter was understood or misunderstood by the former
— (and misrepresented?;

The " Museo Nacional," at Guatemala, has the following manuscripts
besides those already mentioned :

"Historiade la Provincia de Predicadores de San Vicente de Chiapa
y Guatemala." — A fragment, possibly by Fray Augustin Cano.

" Solicited que el Padre Fray Augustin Cano hizo al Ill'mo Sr Obispo
de Guatemala .... que se hallaba de visita en el pueblo de Cajabon
pidiendo arnparo para reducir a los indios Choles."

" Informe dado al Rey por el Padre Fray Augustin Cano sobre la en-
trada que por la parte de la Verapaz se hizo al Peten en 1695."

" Suma de los Capitulos generales y principales, ordenaciones, &c.,
de la Provincia de Predicadores de Chiapa y Guatemala." by Fray Lope
de Montoya.

" Vidas de varios Padres de la Provincia de Chiapa y Guatemala del
Orden de Indicadores," by Fray Antonio de Molina.

28

Whether the " Noticia 6 Relacion de los Padres de la Orden de Predi-
cadores que florecian en la Proviucia de los Zoques " (anonymous
MS.), belongs to the 17th century, I am unable to say.

Notice of the following books or writings has been communicated to
me from various sources :

FRAY ANTONIO AROCHENA. " Catalogo y noticia de los Escritores
del Orden de San Francisco de la Provincia de Guatemala." (A very im-
portant bibliographical composition, to judge from its plan.)

FRAY ESTEVAN AVILES. " Historia de Guatemala desde los tiempos
de los Indies, hasta la fundacion de la provincia de los franciscanos ;
poblacion de aquellas tierras, propagacion de los Indios, sus ritos, cere-
monias, policia, y Gobierno." (Said to have been printed at Guatemala
in 1663.)

FRAY SALVADOR CIPRIANA. " Libro de los Idolos de la Provincia de
Zacatula."

" Hechos de los Padres Fray Levis Cancer, Fray BartolornS de las
Casas, y Fray Pedro de Angulo, en la predicacion del Evangelic."

" Historia de la Entrada de los Espanoles en Zacatula."

NICOLAS LIZARRAGA. (See Yucatan.)

FRAY MELCHOR DE JESUS LOPEZ. " Relacion de la Conversion a la Fe
de los Indios de Salamanca." 1690.

" Relacion de la Paciticacion de los Indios de Vera-Paz."

FRAY PEDRO SOTOMAYOR. " Informacion de los Varones Ilustres del
Orden de San Francisco del Reino de Guatemala."

DIEGO DE UNZUETA. "Relacion de Guatemala," — handed to Juan
Diez de la Calle in 1648.

NICOLAS DE VALENZUELA. (Wrote about the expedition against La-
candon, — in 1695.)

FRAY ESTEVAN VERDELETE. " Noticias de la Provincia de Teguzi-
galpa." (Written between 1593 and 1612.)

JUAN ZAPATA Y SANDOVAL. (See Chiapas.)

FRAY PEDRO DAZA. " Memorias historicas de la fundacion y predica-
cion de los Religiosos de la Merced de la Redencion de cautivos en Gua-
temala."

FRAY JOSE MORERA. "Noticias de la Provincia de Guatemala, con un
Tratado de la Mision y Martirio de los P. P. Misioneros, Verdelete y
Montragudo." (MS. said to be at Guatemala.)

FRAY PABLO REBULLIDA. " Informe a la Andiencia de Guatemala
sobre el estado actual de la Cristiandad de la Provincia de Talamanca."
1697.

" Cartas sobre el caracter de los Indios Terrabas, Talamancas, y
Changenes."

FRAY PEDRO DE URTIAGA. " Diario del Viaje de los cinco Misioneros
desde Queretaro hasta Guatemala." — Printed in 1694, at Guatemala.

ALONZO DUARTE. "Relacion de lo que Yo (A. D.J vecino desta ciu-
dad de Santiago de Guatemala entendi y vide quando D. Francisco Val-

.29

verde vino a sondar el puerto de Cavallos." 1605. MS. pertaining to
E. G. Squier.

These are certainly not all, — perhaps only a minority of the docu-
ments relating to Guatemala, — which originated during the 17th cen-
tury. In regard to the ruins of Copan, — Fuentes is perhaps (because a
number of the last enumerated authors I have not seen) the only one
who mentions its ruins, and even gives an enthusiastic description of
them,— but Torquemada as well as Herrera relates the tradition of Com-
izahual, which also relates to Copan. The latter place is, besides, com-
monly regarded as belonging properly to Honduras, and only of late has
been added to Guatemala. I add the following, although they are of
scarcely any value for the purpose in view:

Jos£ MONROY. " Estado del Convento de Guatemala, del Orden de
nuestra Senora de la Merced." Printed, 1667.

DIEGO RODRIGUEZ DE RIBAS. " Disertacion canonica sobre los justos
motives que representa el Reyno de Guatemala, para que el Consejo se
serva de erigir en Metropoli ecclesiastica la S. Iglesia Catedral, &c."
Printed, 1660.

Writers of the Eighteenth Century.

ANTONIO DE ALCEDO.

F. X. CLAVIGERO. (Very slight mention.)

The following MSS. are yet at Guatemala " Museo Nacional."

PEDRO CORTES Y LARRAZ. " Descripcion geografico moral de la Dio-
cesis de Guatemala." 1768-69.

FRAY FRANCISCO XIMENEZ. " Historia de la Provincia de San Vicente
de Chiapa y Guatemala de la Orden de los Predicadores." 5 vols.

JOSE SANCHEZ. " Apuntaciones para la Historia de Guatemala."

FERNANDO VELASQUEZ DE GUZMAN. " Kelacion de los Obispos de
Guatemala."

There is, besides, a MS. :

" Efemerides de Guatemala desde su fundacion hasta la ruina de 1773."
— Anonymous.

Printed works :

. FRAY ISIDRO FELIX DE ESPINOSA. " El Peregrine Septentrional
Atlante." (Life of Fray Antonio Margil.) Mexico, 1737.

FRAY CARLOS CADENA. " Breve descripcion de la Noble Ciudad de
Santiago de los Caballaros de Guatemala, &c." Mexico, 1774. — 2d Edi-
tion, Guatemala, 1858.

JUAN DE VILLAGUTIERRE Y SOTOMAYOR. (On Vera Paz.)
FRANCISCO NUNEZ DE LA VEGA. (On Chiapas.)

TORIBIO Cosio. (In the University Library of Mexico.)
FRAY Jos£ DIEZ. " Notlcia de las Misiones de Guatemala."
FRAY ILDEFONSO JOSEPH FLORES. " Teologia de los Indios."
FRAY FRANCISCO VASQUEZ. (See Chiapas.)

30

FRAY FRANCISCO XIMENEZ. (See Chiapas.)

It is said that Ximenez wrote two large historical works, one in
five volumes, of which but three were finished.— This is a mistake, the
entire edition of five volumes is still at Guatemala. The other work,
secured by Dr. Scherzer, bears the title " Las Historias del Origen de
los Indies de esta Provincia de Guatemala ....," and published by
him at Vienna in 1857. (Anonymous MS. said to exist at Guatemala.)

" Informe del Provincial de la Orden de Santo Domingo Guatemala,
tocante a los negocios de la Vera-Paz." 1724.

" Relacion de la Sublevacion de los Zendales." 1712.

ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ CAMPAS. " Diario Historico de Guatemala."
FRAY JUAN CARTAJENA. "La Sta Iglesia de Guatemala, madre fecun-
disima de hijos ilustrissimos." Mexico, 1747.
RAMON ORDONEZ Y AGUIAR. (See Chiapas.) At Mexico.
(A number of the above works may be lost.)

Writers of the Nineteenth Century.

All general works, archaeological, historical, and geographical, are
left out. I even omit, as abundantly known, Kingsborough, Bancroft,
Baldwin, Short, the " Antiquites Mexicaines," the "Cites et Ruines
Mexicaines " of Waldeck, — Brasseur de Bourbourg, &c., &c. — Reference
to these sources is self-understood.

DOMINGO JUARREZ. " Cornpendio de la Historia de Guatemala."
1808-1818, Guatemala. (Relies too much on Fuentes.) English trans-
lation by Bailey. London, 1823. " A statistical and Commercial His-
tory of the Kingdom of Guatemala, in Spanish America."— A second
Spanish edition appeared in 1857.

FRANCISCO DE PAULA GARCIA PELAEZ. (See Chiapas.).

" Memorias para la Historia del Antiguo Reyno de Guatemala." 1852.

CHARLES ETIENNE BRASSEUR DE BOURBOURG. " Popol Vuh. Le
livre Sacre et les Mythes de 1' Antiquite Amdricaine, avec les livres
Heroiques et Historiques des Quiches." Paris, 1861. ,

Hardly any work of this century has created such a " mixed " sensa-
tion of a serious nature, as this book. — It could be seen at a glance,
that no mystification was possible, — but there was a wide field open for
discussion on the point of origin, as far as the document itself, the
" Popol Vuh," was concerned. — Still the " sensation" has not resulted
in much active critical examination, and I think (If I may be per-
mitted to commit such a breach of modesty,) myself the only person
attempting a criticism of the "Popol Vuh" on the basis of docu-
mentary evidence. Unfortunately, I was unable to prepare my annota-
tions in time for the publication of the 27th Volume of Proceedings of
the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1878. —

31

Thus only the text of " Sources for aboriginal history of Spanish
America," appeared without any documentary evidence attached.

One thing, is evident, that the " Popol Vuh " was written. Now it is a
fact very easily proven, that the aborigines of Guatemala had no pho-
netic alphabet whatever, consequently that they did not write. — Therefore
the "Popol Vuh" must have been composed, as an instrument in
writing, since the conquest ; or after 1524. — This is developed utterly
independent of the fact that the document hints at two data (p. 343,)
indicating the time of its composition to have been after 1550, and prior
to 1600. — Therefore it was written in our letters, or perhaps with the
aid of the " five characters " invented by Fray Francisco de la Parra,
previous to 1560, to indicate sounds for which our alphabet had no
signs. — At all events, it was written in the native Quiche idiom, and
was only met with incidentally by Fray Francisco Ximenez at the town
of Chichicastenango, towards the close of the 17th century. — This
Dominican monk translated it into the Spanish language and incorpora-
ted both text and translation in the first volume of his " Historia de
la provincia de predicadores, &c." — according to Brasseur de Bour-
bourg's really silly and irritatingly confused bibliography — (p. XIII., "No-
tice Bibliographique.") Dr. Scherzer certainly deserves credit for hav-
ing published a Spanish text rendering approximative^ the "Popol Vuh,"
in 1857, and there is no doubt but that it is as correct a rendering of the
original Quiche as the French translation of Brasseur de Bourbourg.

The filiation of the text being thus established as far back as 1550 to
1600, it remains to investigate the question : how much of it was
originally Indian; — if all of it or not? There is no doubt but that the
greater part of it is Indian songs, preserved for centuries, and Indian
myths and tales — historical traditions — which were recorded by the com-
piler in the form now before us. But this compiler, or rather — recorder
— has given to these tales a chronological sequence, — at least in the first
part, — which may hereafter prove conjectural. — Actions are made to suc-
ceed to each other, which may yet prove to be without any connection
at all. — I do not insist upon this point — since a new translation of the
"Popol Vuh" should precede its investigation — but I particularly
insist upon a careful and critical study of its first so-called "Chapters."

.These first chapters give us cosmological Ideas and Notions, purport-
ing to be originally Indian, which, at their very inception, show a singular
admixture of foreign elements. The first sentences appear to be tran-
scriptions from the bojok of Genesis. They are not aboriginally Ameri-
can.— We are therefore led to investigate whether, prior to 1550, European
influences could have been brought to bear upon the recollection and
the imagination of the natives. — There is very positive evidence to that
effect. — The monks, at the earliest stages of conversion, used paintings
of their own, to impress upon the natives the notions of a creation of
the world, of the deluge and salvation of a single pair therefrom, &c.,
&c. — The Dominican Father Gonzalo Lucero travelled about with
painted charts representing such striking events, which he displayed in

32

confirmation of his teachings. Fray Jacobo Testera (he died Aug. 8, 1543)
used similar means. Fray Pedro de Angulo, who went with Las Casas
to Guatemala and was made Provincial of Chiapas in 1561, wrote three
dissertations in the Zutuhil language, one on the Creation of the World,
one on Adam's Fall, and one on the Expulsion of our first fathers from
Paradise. — Fray Luis Cancer wrote similar pages in the language of
Oajaca, previous to 1546. — Fray Domingo Vico, who was killed by the
Indians of Lacandon, in 1555, wrote his " Teologia para los Indios," in
the Quiche language, also a dissertation on the " Eternal Paradise," in
the language of Vera-Paz. — But there is also indisputable proof that
songs were composed on the subject of the creation of the world and other
parts of the Hebrew Genesis, in the Quich6 language, which songs
were used as the means of conversion of the natives of Vera-Paz in
1537. (Remesal. Lib. III., Cap. XL, p. 124.) They had been composed
by Las Casas, Fray Rodrigo de Ladrada, Fray Pedro de Angulo, and
probably Fray Luis Cancer. Many other similar ones were composed
afterwards.

Thus we see that, prior to 1550, ecclesiastics had commenced to write
upon cosmological subjects with our letters and in the languages of
Guatemala, and that, on the other hand, Christian cosmogony had
become a text for Indian songs. The " Popol Vuh " has therefore noth-
ing extraordinary in its origin; it is but a child of its time, like the
" Memorial de Tecpan-Atitlan," by the Chief of Solola, only anonymous,
— and preceded by a cosmological introduction made up of Christian
and Indian tales confusedly intermingled, and therefore apocryphal so
far. These criticisms, however, apply merely to the " first part," — the
rest of the " Popol Vuh " appears to be original, and therefore of the
greatest value. This however cannot be said of the translation, only of
the MS. A new translation, supervised by a native, should be ob-
tained at any price.

" Grammaire Quichee, et le Drame Rabinal-Ache." Paris, 1862.

Of the " Rabinal-Ache," a new translation is absolutely requisite.
Mr. Brasseur, like all translators of Indian songs, has so disfigured it
by the introduction of a foreign terminology, as to render it useless for
any one who has no access to vocabularies, &c.

JOHN L. STEPHENS. (See Yucatan), also FREDERICK CATHERWOOD.

JUAN GALINDO. (See Yucatan and Chiapas.)

What I have seen of his reports has left upon my mind the impression
that he means to be truthful, but in his zeal and eagerness saw " too
big," and again " too often."

"The Ruins of Copan in Central America." Transactions of the
American Antiquarian Society, Vol. II., pp. 545-550. 1836.

"Notions sur Palenque," &c., &c., "transmises & la Societe gSograph-
ique de France," in " Antiquites mexicaines," Vol. I., pp. 73-76. — Pub-

lishecl also in the "Bulletin" of the Frerch Geographical Society, and
in the " Literary Gazette " of London.

E. G. SQUIER. "The Serpent-Symbol, and the Worship of the Recip-
rocal Principles of Nature in America." N. York, 1851.

"The States of Central America: their Geography, Topography, &c.,
&c. Aborigines," N. York, 1858.

" Notes on Central America, particularly the States of Honduras and
San Salvador." N. York, 1855. — German translation, Leipzig, 1856.
— French version, Paris, 1855. — Spanish, Paris, 1856, (two different
translations.)

" Honduras, Descriptive, Historical and Statistical." London, 1870.

"Honduras and Guatemala." "The National Intelligencer." N.
York, 1854.

" The Ruins of Tenampua." Although in Honduras, they appear tra-
ditionally connected with Copan. N. York, 1853, in " Proceedings of
the Historical Society of New York."

" Monograph of Authors who have Written on the Languages of Cen-
tral America." Albany, 1861. — A very valuable and important contribu-
tion to bibliography.

CARL SCHERZER. "Wanderungen durch die mittel-amerikanischen
Freistaaten." Braunschweig, 1857. — English version, London, 1857.

" Narrative of the Circumnavigation of the Globe by the Austrian
frigate Novara." London, 1861. (The official reports on the results of
the circumnavigation, &c., are very rare.)

" Die Indianer von Ixtlahuacan." Vienna, 1856. P.jaf\crr\ft-

" Ein Besuch bei den Ruinen von Quirigua." Vienna. 1855.

I omit here his linguistical writings, and his publication of the " His-
toria del Origen de los Indios, &c.," \u 1857.— See Ximenez.

TS WAGNER, AND CARL SCHERZER. " Die Republik Costa-Rlee
in Central Amerika." Leipzig, 1857. — Describes the ruins of Quirigua.

MANUEL GAL VAN RIVERA, "Historia de Mexico, Guatemala, Estaclos-
.Unidos del Norte, Peru, &c." Mexico, 1852.

"GACETA DE GUATEMALA." (From 1797.) Contains interesting notices,
historical and ethnological.

" PERIODIOO DE LA SOGIED.AD EQONOMIOA DE GUATEMALA." (Only 24
numbers published in 1815, and 1816.) 1 May, 1815, to 15 April, 1816.

THE PADRES : CHJOA, ABELLA, AND ESCOTO, AND AGUILAR. "Informes,
al Ill'mo Seiior Arzobispo de Guatemala, tocantes a la Vera-Paz." 1819
and 1820. MSS.

DOMINGUEZ DE MAZARiEGOs. (See Chiapas.)
5

34

DOMINGO FAJARDO. "Iiiforme dirigido al Gobiorno Snpretno de M6xi-
co, relative a su Mision a Vera-Paz y Peten." Campeche, 1828.

ORLANDO N. ROBERTS. " Narrative of Voyages and Excursions on
the East Coast and in the Interior of Central America." Edinburgh,

1827.

CARL HERMANN BERENDT. " Report of Explorations in Central
America." Smithsonian Report, 1867.

" Collection of historical documents on Guatemala." Smithsonian
Report, 1876.

" Die Indianer des Isthmus von Tehuantepec." — Zeitschrift fiir Eth-
nologic. Berlin, 1873, Vol. V.

" Analytical Alphabet for the Mexican and Central American'Lan-
guages." Published by the American Ethnological Society. New York,
1869,

" Cartilla en Lengua Maya para la ensenanza de los ninos indigenes."
MSrida, 1871.

El Ramie. Tratado sobre el cultivo y algunas noticias de esta planta.
Merida de Yucatan, 1871. (Ed. de la ReVista de Merida.)

Los Escritos de D. Joaquin Garcia Icazbalceta. Ed. de la Revista de
Merida. T.omo II., 1870,

" Articulo sobre El Mexico'," se halla en el "Deutsch Amerikanisches
Conversations Lexicon, barbeitet von. Prof. Alex. I. Schem. Lieferung
64, Band VII., Seite 261, pp. 27. (N. Y. 1872.)

"Remarks on the Centres of Ancient Civilization in Central America, and
their Geograpical Distribution." Address read before the Am. Geogr.
Society, N. Y., July 10th, 1876, with map,

Zur Ethnologie von Nicaragua. Articulo publicado en Correspondenz-
Blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie, Ethnologie und
Urgeschichte. Redigirt von N. A. v. Frantzius in Heidelberg, No. 9,
September, 1874.

In " Geographische Mittheilungen" von A. Petermann, Gotha.

(The above makes no pretension to be a full list of the eminent lin-
guist's publications.)

ADEXANDER VON FRANTZIUS. (See Palacio.)

•' San Salvador and Honduras iin lahre, 1847."— Annotated also by
Berendt.

GUSTAV BERNOULLI. " Reisen in der Republik Guatemala." — In
" Petermann's Mittheilungen," 1874-75.

BARON DER THEIL. -** Le Guatemala." In ** 1' Explorateur," Vol. Ill,
1876,.

J. LAFERRIER. ?c Pe Paris au Guatemala." Paris, 1877.

35

GEORGE WILLIAMSON. " Antiquities in Guatemala.'' Smithsonian
Reports, 1876. (Very interesting and of great value for archaeological

studies.)

J. W. BODDAM-WKTHAM. "Across Central America." London, 1877.

ADOLPH BASTIAN. "Die Monumeuta in Santa Lucia Cozumalguapa. '
— " Zeitschrift fur Ethnologic," 1876.

" Die Culturlaender des alten Amerikas." (See Yucatan.)

GUSTAV BRUHL. (See Yucatan.)

H. W. BATES. "Central America, West Indies, and South America."
London, 1878.

A. BONCARD. " Le Guatemala." — In " L' explorateur," 1878. No. 23.

FRANCISCO PIMENTKL. (See Yucatan and Chiapas.)
MANUEL OROZCO Y BERRA. (See Yucatan, &c.)

S. HABEL. "The Sculptures of Santa Lucia Cozumalguapa." — Smith-
sonian Contributions, No. 269.— Washington, 1878.

In closing this list, I must again distinctly state, that it is very imper-
fect,— and that no one acquainted with the literature of Central America
can fail to notice many omissions. — But I had neither time, nor oppor-
tunity to do better, owing to the state of my health. In conclusion, I
wish to advert to a few book-* of an exclusively bibliographical tenor,
which every student of American history must at least attempt to con-
sult.— Some of them are, unfortunately, extremely rare:

NICOLAS ANTONIO. '"Bihliotheca Hispana Nova, &c." 1st edition,
Eome, 1672. 2d edition, Madrid, 1733-38.

JUAX Jos6 DK KGUIARA Y EGUREN. " Biblioteca Mexicana." Mex-
ico, 1755. Incomplete : only the first volume published.

ANTONIO DE ALCEDO. " Biblioteca americana." MS. Original be-
longed to Mr. Jared Sparks. Mexico, 1807.

J. MAHIANO BERISTAIN DE SOUZA. " Biblioteca Hispana Americana.
Septentrional." Mexico, 1816 and 1819, 3 volumes. (Exceedingly rare.)

BRASSEUR DE BOURBOUUG. "Bibliotheque mexico-guatemalienue."
Parts, 1871.

I forbear quoting here at length the bibliographical works of Har-
risse, Rich, Ludewig, Ternaux-Compans, Sabin, and others. — They are
deservedly well known, and of easy access to any student.

36

OAJACA. (" Huaxyacac.")

Writers of the Sixteenth Century.

HEHNAN CORTES. (2d letter.)

BERNAL DIEZ DEL CASTILLO. (Casual notice.)

FRANCISCO LOPEZ DE GOMAKA. (" Conquista de Mexico.")

FRAY TORIBIO DE PARADES, SURNAMED MOTOLIXIA. (" Historia de
los Indios de la Nueva-Espana." See bibliography of Yucatan.) — This
is probably the earliest mention of the ruins of Mitla, which wore, how-
ever, inhabited at that time. Motolinia has been entirely overlooked by
Bancroft, although his description of Mitla is truly excellent.

GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE OVIEDO Y VALDES. (Casual notice.)

CODEX CHIMALPOPOCA. Now in process of publication, in the "Annies
del Museo Nacional cle Mexico." Vol. II., by Mendoza, Sanchez Solis,
and Chavero.

JUAN DE TOBAR. " Codice Ramirez,"— published by Sr J. M. Vigil,
as an anonymous chronicle, in 1878. Also " Historia de los Indios
Mexicanos." Original in possession of the Estate of Sir Thomas Phillips,
at Cheltenham, England. Copy of a fragment, privately printed, at the
Lenox Library, New York. (Written between 1579 and 1589.)

DIEGO DURAN. " Historia de las Indias de Nueva-Espaiii, 6 Yslas de
Tierra h'rme." — (Written between 1579 and 1581, but only the first part
of it printed, at Mexico, 1867, by Sl Jo^6 Fr Ramirez.) — Very important;
mentions again Mitla as a settlement inhabited about 1450. "Apendice"
por Alfredo Chuvaro, Mexico, 1880.

FERNANDO DE ALVARADO TEZOZOMOC. " Cronica mexicana." — Writ-
ten 1598. Printed for the first time in Vol. IX. of Kingsborough, and
again (though not complete) in the " Biblioteca mexicana" of Sr
Vigil, with notes by Sr Orozco y Berra. — A French translation has been
made by Ternanx-Compans, under the title of " Histoire clu Mexiqne,
par Alvarado Tezozomoc," Paris, 1853, 2 vols. It is utterly unreliable.

FRAY GERONIMO DE MENDIETA. (Copies textually from Motolinia.)

FRAY BERNARDINO SAHAGUN. "Historia universal de las Cosas de
Nueva-Espana," in Vols. f> and 8 of Kingsborough. — The same book,
under the title of " Historia general, &c., &c." appeared at Mexico, in 3
vols., 1829, edited by C. M. de Bustamante. Only very slight and
casual mention of Oajaca.

Writers of the Seventeenth Century.

AUGUSTIN DAVILA-PADILLA.

JUAN DE TORQUEMADA. (Important.)

ANTONIO DE HERRERA. (Important.)

37

GREGORIO GARCIA. (Important.)

FRANCISCO DE BURGOA. "Palestra Historiale de Virtudes y Excm-
plares Apostolicos." M6xico, 1670.

" Geograflca Descripcion de la Parte Septentrional del Polo Artico de
la America." Mexico, 1674. This work is regarded (especially by such
as have not seen it), as the leading work on Oajaca. — I have never even
seen it — it is exceedingly rare.

Writers of the Eighteenth Century.

MARIANO VEYTIA.

F. X. CLAVIGEHO.

ANTONIO DE ALCEDO.

LORENZO BOTURINI BEKXADCCCI.

JOSEPH JOAQUIN GRANADOS Y GALVEZ. "Tardes americanas." M§xi-
co, 1778 —A work considerably over-estimated, — containing casual
mention of Oajaca, — fluently written.

Writers of the Nineteenth Century.

I forbear mentioning here all the writers on Onjaca, — more particu-
larly avoiding all the general works,— those excepted which contain
plates of special value. The first who called attention to Mitla was
certainly

ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT. " Vues des Cordilleres et monuments
des peuples indigenes de 1' Am6rique." Paris, 1810. Royal folio. — Same,
2 vols. 8° Paris, 1816. English version, by Helen M. Williams, London,
1814.

"Essai politique sur la Nouvelle-Espagne." (See " Yucatan.")

MATHIEU DE FOSSEY. " Le Mejique." Paris, 1857.— Very fair.

EDUAKD MUHLENPFORDT. "Versuch einer getreuen Schilderung dep
Itepublik Mejico." Hannover, 1844. 2 vols.

ARTHUR VON TEMPSKY. "Mitla, a Narrative of Incidents and Per-
sonal Adventures." London, 1858. — Of small scientific value.

GUILLERMO DUPAIX, AND CASTANEDA. (In " Antiquites Mexicaiues,"
also in Lord Kingsborouglfs " Antiquities of Mexico.")

DESIRE OHARNAY. (Saw the ruins in 1859. His photographs are
very important.)

JOSE MARIA GARCIA. (Visited Mitla in 1855, according to " Boletin
de la Sock-dad Mexicana de Geogratia y Estadistica." Vol. VII., pp. 271
and 272.)

38

BRANTZ-MAYER. " Mexico as it Was and as it Is." New York, 1844.
Very fair.

" Mexico, Aztec, Spanish and Republican." Hartford, 1853. Very
good.

" Observations on Mexican History and Archaeology." (Smithsonian
Contributions. No. 86, Washington, 1856.) Contains Sawkins' drawings
of Mitla. [?]

J. W. vox MULLER. "Beitrage zur Geschichte und Ethnographic
von Mexico." Leipzig, 1865.

" Reisen in den Vereinigten-Staaten, Canada, and Mexico." Leipzig,
1864.

CARLOS MARIA DE BUSTAMANTE. " Meinoria estadistica de Oajaca, y
descripciou del Valle del inismo nombre." Vera-Cruz, 1821.

MURGUIA. '• Estadistica antigna y moderna de la Provincia de
Guajaca." , " Boletin, &c." Vol. IF.)

JUAN B. CARRIEDO. The writings of this author are, unfortunately,
but little known.— In the " Ilustracion Mexicana," Vol. II., he has given
an essay on " Los Palacios Antiguos de Mitla."— But he has published
other papers and even books on the same subject.

" Estudios historicos, y estadisticos del estado Oaxaqueno." Oajaca,
1850.

The Astor Library of New York has an incomplete copy of a work of
Carriedo on Oajaca, with colored drawings by him, — nnfini*hed. Co-
pious notes by the author's own hand accompany the text. In historical
questions Carriedo mostly follows and cites Burgoa.

FRANCISCO PIMKNTEL. "Cuadro descriptive de las Lenguas Indigenas
de Mexico." (See Yucatan and Chiapas.)

MANUEL OROZCO Y BKRRA. In " Geografia de las Lenguas."— Refer-
ence is made to a number of very important papers on Oajaca, the title
of one, among others, " Estado que comprende el numero de Parro-
quias de la Diocesis de Oajaca, con expresion de sus nombres, Estado 6
Territorio en que estan situadas, niimero de pueblos, &c., &c."

Further, certain official reports are quoted, — the originals of which are
in the hands of my friend Sr J. G. Icazbalceta,— Sr Orozco mentions the
following:

PEDRO DE LEDESMA. " Relacion de Oajaca, por el alcalde . . ." 1579.

HERNANDO DE CERVANTES. " Relacion de Teotzacualco y Amoltepec.
. . . ." 1580.

AUGUSTIN DE SALAZAR. " Relacion del vicario de Chilapa."

JUAN LOPKZ. " Relaciou del Corregidor . . . ." 1579.

39

Finally, I must call attention to a linguistical work, known to me
only through Sr Orozco y Berra's citation, and through references given
by Sr Pimentel— to wit :

ANTONIO DE LOS REYES. " Arte en lengua mixteca." Mexico, 1593.

Numerous grammars, vocabularies, " doctrinas," sermonaries, &c.,
&c., were written in the course of the 16th century, of and in the lan-
guage of Oajaca.

EMILIO HERBRUGER. " Album de vistas fotograficas de las antiguas
Ruinas de los Palacios de Mitla." Oaxaca, 1875. Text and valuable
photographs.

In conclusion, I would merely beg to add, — that there can hardly be
any doubt as to the fact that Mitla was inhabited when the Spaniards
first visited the place. It therefore becomes a point of special interest.