Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XIII. Four new species of Zeugnomyia and Topomyia

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PHILIPPINE ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION
1946-1947

NOTES ON
PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES, XIII

Four New Species of Zeugnomyia and Topomyia

FRANCISCO E. BAISAS

AND

PABLO FELICIANO

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
VOLUME 33, NUMBER 3

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
MAY 13, 1963

PHILIPPINE ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION
1946-1947

NOTES ON
PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES, XIII

Four New Species of Zeugnomyia and Topomyia
FRANCISCO E. BAISAS

Department of Health, Manila, Philippine Islands

AND

PABLO FELICIANO

Third Medical General Laboratory, United States Army

THE LIBRARY OF THE

JUN261C5J
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY

VOLUME 33, NUMBER 3

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
MAY 13, 1953

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS

The Philippine Expedition: Mosquitoes

INTRODUCTION

While collecting zoological specimens for Chicago Natural His-
tory Museum and the Philippine Museum of Natural History, the
Philippine Zoological Expedition, headed by Captain Harry Hoog-
straal, also collected mosquito specimens for the Nineteenth Medical
General Laboratory of the United States Army. This laboratory
was later renamed the Third Medical General Laboratory.

Among the many mosquitoes collected by the expedition in Min-
danao were two new species of the little-known genus Zeugnomyia,
and two of Topomyia. Added to those previously discovered in the
Philippines and described by the senior author in 1946, these new
species bring to the credit of the Laboratory three of the four
known species of Zeugnomyia and five of the six known Philippine
species of Topomyia.

The senior author wishes to thank the officers and men of the
Third Medical General Laboratory mentioned in previous parts of
these Notes, and also his superiors and co-workers in the Philippine
Department of Health. For advice and help, the junior author is
greatly indebted to Colonel D wight M. Kuhns, Commanding Officer
of the Third Medical General Laboratory, and to the successive
chiefs of the Entomology Department: Captain Harry Hoogstraal,
Lieutenant S. Edgar, Major T. M. Moore, and Captain C. Bruck.
Full co-operation and assistance were also received from the rest of
the staff of the Entomology Department: Mr. F. Gutierrez, Mr. A.
Corcega, Mr. B. Escuadro, and Miss R. Trinidad. The illustrations
for this paper were drawn by Mr. Eliseo Enriquez, artist, of the
Malaria Division, Philippine Department of Health.

Genus ZEUGNOMYIA Leicester

The adults of the three species of Zeugnomyia herein treated
cannot be differentiated except by the characters of the male ter-
minalia and, in the case of one species, the pupa. The females are

161

162 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

not separable because they lack bucco-pharyngeal teeth and their
terminalia are alike. The different forms are also inseparable in the
larval stage. No specimen of Zeugnomyia gracilis Leicester, 1908,
is available for comparison. This species is supposed to be present
in the Philippines (Bohart, 1945). It differs from the other three
species in having dark scales on all lobes of the scutellum, and the
style of the male terminalia is said to be without a spine (Edwards,
1932, p. 95).

Very little is known about the habits of adult Zeugnomyia in
the Philippines. Captain Hoogstraal caught a number of females
in flight in three different spots and on three different dates on the
eastern slope of Mount Apo, Mindanao. The first capture totaled
eighteen specimens, the second eleven, the third fifteen. As men-
tioned above, the females cannot be specifically differentiated.
Seven male and 169 female Tripteroides (mostly of group B), one
female Armigeres, and eleven females of two species of Aedes were
caught with these Zeugnomyia. Leicester (1908) reported that Zeug-
nomyia gracilis in Malaya is a vicious biter of humans. The lone
female caught in the mosquito trap at Llavac, Infanta, Tayabas,
Luzon Island, in 1941, seems to indicate attraction to the pig-bait
of the trap. The specimen was tentatively determined as lawtoni.

There seems to be little tendency for the three species of Zeug-
nomyia found on Mount Apo to breed together. Captain Hoogstraal
once found aguilari sp. nov. associated with lawtoni, and once with
fajardoi sp. nov.1 Other mosquitoes associated with Zeugnomyia
in breeding were two or three species of Aedes, one or two of Ar-
migeres, and one of Ficalbia. The known breeding waters of Zeug-
nomyia in the Philippines are on fallen leaves of abaca and coconut;
in cut bamboo and in tree-hole; in tin can (in forest, Mount Apo;
collected by Captain Hoogstraal); and in axils of "anahaw" (in
forest, Sierra Madre, Tayabas, Luzon; collected by Mr. P. Sunico,
Bureau of Health) .

Zeugnomyia lawtoni Baisas. Figures 23, a; 24, a.

Zeugnomyia lawtoni Baisas, 1946, Bull. Philippine Bur. Health, 22: 27.

In order that comparisons can be made with the new species
described herein, the characters of the male terminalia of Z. lawtoni
are summarized as follows (based on four slide mounts) :

1 These determinations were made from males reared in the Third Medical
General Laboratory.

a

FIG. 23. Harpago of Zeugnomyia. (a) Z. lawtoni; (b) Z. aguilari; (c) Z. fajardoi.

163

164 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

Description: Male terminalia. — Harpago exceeding the combined
lengths of the coxite and style; stem definitely demarcated from the
coxite and springing from the harpagonal fold; with a small sub-
basal branch that bears a long narrow blade; apex of harpago mod-
erately expanded and divided into two short branches, the inferior
branch bearing four or five long, narrow, partly twisted blades, the
superior branch surmounted by a group of nine to fourteen narrow,
long blades. Sub-basal lobe of coxite divided into two separate pro-
cesses; only one long internal blade; median blades longer, tips bent,
seven in number, reaching the apex of the coxite, the seventh or
most external arising from a separate prominent tubercle; base of
outer long external blade far above (posterior to) that of the inner;
no rods beneath the median blades. A row of five or six golden
blades at the apex of the sternal surface of the coxite close to the
base of the style. On the tergal side opposite is another row of
about six very much shorter rods or blades. Style short, fairly
stout, dark, irregularly shaped, with a strong subterminal spine
that is flattened, dark, round-ended, and inserted obliquely, forming
an angle of about 45 degrees with the stem of the style (in mounted
preparations it often appears bent and pointed posteriorly); style
also bearing a few short stiff hairs. Tergite IX narrow at middle
and broad on either side; submedially, with from two to ten bristles
on each side. Sternite IX with a few scales and from eight to ten
bristles.

Zeugnomyia aguilari sp. nov. Figures 23, 6; 24, c; 25, a; 26, c and d.

Adult females indistinguishable from lawtoni and fajardoi.
Similar to lawtoni in the male terminalia in that both have: (1)
the sub-basal lobe of the coxite divided, or with a tendency to be
divided, into two separate processes; (2) a row of five or more
golden blades at the apex of the sternal surface of the coxite close to
the base of the style; and (3) a large number of harpagonal blades
(from nine to fourteen in lawtoni, from ten to fifteen in aguilari).
The male terminalia differ from those of lawtoni in that the harpago
is smaller, the stem arises directly from the inner surface of the
coxite, the apex is more expanded and is not twisted into branches,
and the longest three or four blades, in their natural position, are
twisted together like the strands of a rope; the median blades of
the sub-basal lobe of the coxite are five in number, and the external
blade is not so far above that of the inner as in lawtoni; and sternite
IX lacks scales. The larva is indistinguishable from that of lawtoni.

BAISAS AND FELICIANO: PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES

165

The pupa, in general, differs from that of lawtoni in having more
spicules scattered over the surface of the paddles and fewer branches
of tufts on abdominal segments VII to VIII, but these differences
are not definitely diagnostic.

FIG. 24. Sub-basal lobe of coxite. (a) Zeugnomyia lawtoni; (b) Z. fajardoi;
(c) Z. aguilari.

The following description of the adult is based upon five males
and thirteen females; that of the male terminalia is based upon
five slide mounts; those of the larva and pupa are largely based
upon skin mounts of the males. Since the color markings of the
adult are the same for lawtoni, aguilari sp. nov., and fajardoi sp.
nov., the adult description applies to all.

Description: Adult. — Head clothed with flat scales; a few upright
ones present posteriorly. In front of vertex, a triangular silvery
patch that extends as a fairly broad line on either side bordering
the eyes and widens into a patch lower down. The remaining parts
dark. Silvery, flat scales on torus; flagella and verticils of antenna
dark; plumose as usual in male, not in female. Clypeus dark,
bare. Palpi dark, hairy, somewhat variable in length, equal to

166 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

about \l/2 times the length of the clypeus. Proboscis dark, of the
usual type, also variable in length but longer than the front femur.

Scutal integument dark; scales narrow, dark, not very dense.
Two or three pairs of dorso-central bristles and two of pre-scutellars.
Numerous strong supra-alars. Immediately above and in front of
the supra-alar bristles a broad line of large, silvery scales, the
line continued downward through the paratergite, the post-spir-
acular area and the sterno-pleuron to mid-coxa. Scutellar scales
broad, flat, silvery on lateral lobes, with a mixture of one or
two dark scales; dark on the mid-lobe. Three or four dark bristles
and one or two weaker ones on the lateral lobe; usually four on
the mid-lobe. Postnotum dark, bare. Silvery patch of broad
scales and about half a dozen dark bristles on apn; dark, flat scales
and two or three brown or dark-brown bristles on ppn. Without spir-
acular bristle; one post-spiracular. One or two upper and two
or three lower sterno-pleural bristles. Five pre-alars. About five
upper and one strong, tawny, lower mesepimeral. A patch of
silvery scales and three tawny bristles on propleuron. A similar
patch on each coxa. Upper margin of meron slightly above level
of hind coxa. Prosternum with a small patch of silvery scales on
either side, this being partly a continuation of the silvery patch
on the propleuron. Besides, there are a few such scales on the
lower margin of the prosternum (a common character in the three
species). Legs dark; a pale line on under side of fore- and mid-
femora; that on the under side of the hind femur broader and
extending as a narrow basal band on the dorsal side. Claws of
fore- and mid-legs unequal in males, the larger with a tooth.
Abdominal tergites dark-scaled; silvery patches covering lateral
sides of I; similar but triangular and basal patch on sides of II
to VII; that on VII continued as a broad basal band on dorsal
surface. Those on IV to VI may also form complete basal bands
or with interruptions of dark scales at middle; VII dark. Sternites
(fresh specimens) I to VII dark, with broad white basal bands;
VIII dark. In dry specimens most of the sternites are infolded
within the tergites, thereby showing triangular median silvery
patches formed by the contact of the two sides of the tergites.
In males the group of golden blades at the apex of the coxite is visible,
in contrast to the dark tip of the abdomen. Female terminalia
retractile.

Male terminalia (figs. 23, b; 24, c; 25, a). — Stem of harpago
arising directly as a lobe from inner surface of coxite, though it

BJ

"S.S
-2*0

167

168 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

is also connected with the harpagonal fold. Apex more expanded
than that of lawtoni, but not divided into branches, bearing a single
row of ten to fifteen broad, twisted blades. In their natural po-
sition the longest three or four blades are twisted together like
a rope (fig. 23, 6 from isolated flat preparation). Sub-basal lobe
of coxite divided, similar to that of lawtoni (cf. a and c, fig. 24) but
with median blades, except one, very much shorter and base of
external blade not as far above that of inner as in lawtoni. No rods
beneath median blades. A row of golden blades at apex of sternal
surface of coxite close to base of style. Style as in lawtoni. Tergite
IX with five to ten bristles on either side (the number on one side
seldom the same as the count on the other in any of the three species
herein discussed). Sternite IX with three to eleven bristles; with-
out scales.

Pupa (fig. 26, c, d). — Respiratory trumpet moderately long and
stout, deeply notched. Metathoracic (metanotal of Rozeboom
and Knight, 1946, p. 128, pi. IV) hairs all simple. P much longer
than R and 0. Dendritic tuft on abdominal segment I moderately
developed, with eight to twelve subplumose branches. A tiny
and single on segments I to VI; subplumose tufts on VII and
VIII branched respectively into three or four, and five to ten.
B the longest hair on most segments, very similar to K-l, single,
sparsely and minutely frayed. C-II similar to B-ll, but C of other
segments much shorter, single or split into two branches, pro-
gressively increasing in length on each succeeding segment, that
on VII nearly as long as A -VI I, though single but sometimes
with two branches, frayed. Paddle with a double row of border
hairs, the secondary row being composed of shorter hairs, some
of which are reduced to fairly long spines. Paddle hair long, single,
mid-rib conspicuous.

Larva.1 — Head more or less rounded, brownish. Feeding brushes
thick, mostly pectinate. Preclypeal spines or the modified hair no.
1 fairly long, simple, brownish; no. 2 about as long but slender,
branched close to base into three to six; nos. 3 and 4 very tiny, as
usual for culicines, but no. 3 more forward in position ; no. 5 similar
to no. 1 but longer; no. 6 far behind no. 5, simple, longer but more
slender than no. 5; no. 7 like no. 2 but slightly weaker, branched
close to base into two or three; no. 8 much weaker, simple or split
into two; no. 9 similar to no. 8; no. 10 fairly stout, simple; no. 11

1 The larval hair designations used herein are the same as those proposed in
Part XVI of these Notes (in press).

BAISAS AND FELICIANO: PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES

169

arising well above the middle of the antennal shaft, simple, slightly
longer than no. 10; no. 12 fairly long, branched into two or three;
no. 13 weaker, simple, sometimes split near the apex into two; no.
14 like no. 13, simple; no. 15 similar to no. 12; no. 16 apparently
absent; no. 17 longer than no. 12, branched basally into four to six;
no. 18 most developed of the ventral hairs, branched into four to

FIG. 26. Parts of pupa, (a) Paddle and parts of segments VII and VIII, and
(b) enlarged portion of external border of paddle of Zeugnomyia fajardoi; (c and
d), same for Z. aguilari.

seven; no. 19 apparently absent; no. 20 weak, with about four or
more slender lateral branches.

Pro thoracic hair 0 weak, having three or four branches; nos. 1
to 3 arising from a small common plate; no. 1 much longer than
nos. 2 and 3, split basally into two or three branches, frayed; no.
2 simple; no. 3 shorter than no. 2, simple or two-branched; no. 4
about equal to no. 3, two-branched; no. 5 similar to no. 1; nos. 6
and 7 the longest of the prothoracic hairs, frayed; no. 6 simple; no.
7 split near the base into two subequal branches; hair 8 similar to
no. 4. Pleural hair group weak, much shorter than either the meso-
or the meta-hair groups; no. 9 the longest hair in the group, simple

170 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

or branched (shorter when branched) ; no. 10 about half as long as
no. 9, simple; no. 11 nearly one-third the length of no. 10, branched
sub-basally into two or three; no. 12 about one-half as long as no.
10, simple; no. 13 longer than no. 8, with three or four branches.
Mesothoracic hair 1 weaker than prothoracic no. 1, split basally
into about five branches; no. 2 much weaker, two-branched; no. 3
longer, simple; no. 4 less than half the length of no. 3, two-branched;
no. 5 very long, frayed, simple; nos. 6 and 7 arising from a common
plate; no. 6 about equal to no. 5, frayed, branched from base into
three or more; no. 7 a little shorter, simple, frayed; no. 8 like no.
6, with four or five branches. Mesopleural group much more de-
veloped than the pro-pleural group; no. 9 long, fairly stout, frayed,
split very close to the base into three or more equal branches; no.
10 nearly twice as long, simple, frayed; no. 11 very tiny, simple;
no. 12 similar to no. 10; no. 13 weak, with about five branches;
no. 14 like no. 13. Metathoracic hair 1 weaker than meso-hair
1, having from three to five branches; no. 2 slightly longer, two-
branched; no. 3 shorter, split into three or more branches; no. 4
similar to no. 2; no. 5 about as long as no. 4, simple or branched;
no. 6 slightly longer, simple; no. 7 well developed, frayed, having
about half a dozen equal branches; no. 8 short, with four or five
branches. Metapleural group: nos. 9 and 10 similar to mesopleural
nos. 9 and 10, but slightly longer; no. 11 very tiny, simple; no. 12
reduced to only about one-sixth the length of no. 10, slender, simple;
no. 13 similar to mesopleural no. 13, with four or five branches.

Abdominal hair 0 the most anterior of the dorsal hairs, tiny,
simple; no. 1 fairly developed, progressively increasing in length
on each succeeding segment, that on segment VII three or four
times as long as that on I, each split into two to four branches;
no. 2 short, anterior and external to no. 1 on segment I, anterior
and internal to no. 1 on succeeding segments, two-branched; no.
3 a little longer than no. 2, but slightly increasing in length on
each succeeding segment, each with three to five branches on seg-
ments I and II, with only two or three branches on the other
segments; no. 4 about as long as no. 3, with about four branches
on segment I, much longer on II and increasingly so on succeed-
ing segments, single or split into two; no. 5 a little longer than
no. 4, with about four branches on segment I, considerably longer
and with three or four branches on the other segments; no. 6
(Ih) moderately long, frayed, with four or five branches on segments
I to IV, with only two branches on V and VI, shorter on VII but
with three or four branches; no. 7 nearly as long as no. 6 on seg-

BAISAS AND FELICIANO: PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES 171

ments I and II, frayed, split from base into two, very much reduced
and farther down (ventral) on other segments, each with three
or four branches; no. 8 far anterior to no. 6, tiny, two- or three-
branched; no. 9 similar to no. 6 but shorter, ventral and closely an-
terior to no. 6 instead of posterior as usual, each with usually three
branches, frayed; no. 10 absent on segment I, tiny, with two
or three branches, variable in position on other segments; no. 11
absent on segment I, fairly long on other segments, single; no. 12
(absent on segment I) similar to no. 10; no. 13 present on segment
I, fairly developed, about as long as no. 1, each with four to six
branches, increasing in length on each succeeding segment; 14 appar-
ently absent. Comb of about eight to ten teeth in a row, each tooth
pointed, dark, with tiny, spicule-like serrations on either side of bul-
bous base. Anal segment short, largely but not completely enclosed
by plate with five to ten large and small teeth along the posterior
border on either side, between the osc and Ih, aside from tiny, grouped
spicules on lateral surface. Saddle teeth variously serrated. Isc long,
not frayed, split close to base into three or four branches. Osc longer,
not frayed, split into two. Lh somewhat shorter than isc, single,
coarsely frayed. Fan composed of four pairs of hairs (the shortest
may be unpaired) , not frayed, each with two to five branches. Papillae
longer than, but not quite as broad as, the siphon, and broadly lance-
olate at tips. Siphon stout and moderately long, the tuft arising
above middle, not frayed, with two to four branches. Five to eight
pointed pecten teeth, not serrated; a very small basal tooth some-
times present.

Holotype. — A male (Lot no. P1133-3), with larval and pupal
skin mounts, from the forest on the eastern slope of Mount Apo,
Davao Province, Mindanao, at about 2,900 feet elevation. Col-
lected as a larva in a tin can, September 11, 1946, by Captain H.
Hoogstraal and sent by air to the Third Medical General Lab-
oratory, where it was reared. To be deposited in the collection of
the United States National Museum.

Allotype. — A female (Lot no. P1133-5), with larval and pupal
skin mounts, same data as the holotype. To be deposited in the
collection of the United States National Museum.

Paratypes. — Four males and twelve females, one of the males
and three of the females with skin mounts. Several of the para-
types with the same data as the holotype. One male and certain
other of the females from the same locality, at about 3,000 feet
elevation, collected August 17, 1946, by Captain H. Hoogstraal.

172 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

One male and two female paratypes in the collection of the Phil-
ippine Department of Health, the rest to be deposited in the col-
lection of the United States National Museum.

Remarks. — A male lawtoni was associated with the specimens
collected on September 11, 1946; thus some of the females may
also be that species.

The new species is named in memory of Dr. Eusebio Aguilar,
Director of Health, who was one of the victims of the last war.

Zeugnomyia fajardoi sp. nov. Figures 23, c; 24, 6; 25, b; 26, a, 6.

The male terminalia of this species are easily distinguished
from those of aguilari and lawtoni by the small harpago and the
small number of harpagonal blades; the undivided sub-basal lobe
of the coxite; the strong bristles beneath the median blades of the
sub-basal lobe; the small number of golden rods at the apex of the
sternal surface of the coxite; and the presence of a short rod at
the apex of the tergal surface close to the base of the style. The
pupa is distinguished by the single row of border hairs (as opposed
to a double row) along the paddles. The basal half of the antenna
of the larva is dark.

Description: Male terminalia (figs. 23, c; 24, c; 25, b) (based on
two slide mounts). — Harpago not branched, much smaller than
that of either lawtoni or aguilari; bearing only five blades (from
thirteen to nineteen in lawtoni, from ten to fifteen in aguilari),
these blades much smaller than in the other two species; three of the
blades twisted; the most external blade (i.e., the most apical) the
longest, broad toward the base and toward the apex but narrow
at middle. Sub-basal lobe of the coxite definitely a single process,
bearing two long internal, two long external, and five short median
blades, and three strong bristles beneath the median blades. Only
two golden rods at the apex of the sternal surface of the coxite (as
opposed to five or more in lawtoni and aguilari), and in addition a
short rod with emarginate tip at the apex of the tergal side close to
the base of the style. Tergite IX with two to six bristles on either
side (two to ten in lawtoni and five to ten in aguilari). Sternite IX
without scales, with only four bristles (eight to ten in lawtoni, three
to eleven in aguilari).

Holotype. — A male (Lot no. P1108-3), with larval and pupal
skin mounts, reared from larva collected in a tree-hole in original
forest, about 3,600 feet altitude, on the eastern slope of Mount
Apo, Davao Province, Mindanao. Collected August 19, 1946, by

BAISAS AND FELICIANO: PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES 173

Captain H. Hoogstraal. To be deposited in the collection of the
United States National Museum.

Paratype. — A male (Lot no. P1136-y), without skin mounts,
reared from a larva collected in a trough in a log at about 3,500 feet
altitude, same locality as the type. Collected September 15, 1946,
by H. Hoogstraal. In the collection of the Philippine Depart-
ment of Health.

Remarks. — Among the females with associated skins that were
bred out of the same lots as the holotype and paratype, none shows
the pupal and larval characters of the holotype. A male aguilari
was also reared from the same lot as the paratype of fajardoi.
With the exception of the differences noted above, the descriptions
for the adult, pupa, and larva of lawtoni or aguilari are applicable
to fajardoi.

The species is named in memory of Dr. Jacobo Fajardo, the
second Filipino Director of Health.

Genus TOPOMYIA Leicester

If it were not for the broad apical band or patch on abdom-
inal tergite II in both sexes, the following new species would
appear to be Ludlow's Kingia gregoryi. If it were not for that,
too, and for the difference in two details of the male terminalia, it
would seem to be Leicester's Topomyia argyropalpis. Because the
male was unknown, Edwards in 1922 provisionally declared greg-
oryi to be a synonym of argyropalpis. Dyar and Shannon (1925)
agreed with Edwards' opinion.

Topomyia dejesusi sp. nov. Figure 27, a, b, e.

Very close to argyropalpis, but the male of that species as de-
scribed by Leicester (1908, p. 243) does not have white lateral spots
on the abdominal tergites (as does dejesusi) or a patch or band
on tergite II. The male terminalia of argyropalpis, as illustrated
by Edwards (1922, pi. 8, fig. 8), has both forks of the harpagonal
appendages pointed, and no large spine is shown on the tergal
surface, subapically, of the coxite. In dejesusi the lower fork of
the harpagonal appendage is broadened and round-ended, while
a prominent spine is located subapically on the tergal surface of
the coxite.

For the following information regarding these and other dif-
ferences, we are indebted to the respective authorities in the United

174 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

States National Museum and in the British Museum (Natural
History). Dr. A. Stone (letter of December 10, 1946) writes:
"Your Topomyia dejesusi does fail to agree with Kingia gregoryi
in that the latter lacks the apical white band on the second ab-
dominal tergite, just as you thought. The palpus of gregoryi is
also scarcely longer than the clypeus, whereas you write that it
is somewhat longer than twice as long as the clypeus in dejesusi."
Dr. P. F. Mattingly writes: "I have examined the terminalia of
the type male of Topomyia argyropalpis Leicester, and find them to
differ from those shown in your drawing in lacking the large tri-
angular spine on the inner face of the coxite, in having a small
basal lobe on the coxite in place of the long hairs which you show,
and in the shape of the appendage to the harpago which has one arm
bent almost through a right angle. The abdomen of the type male
of T. argyropalpis is missing except for a small portion which is
mounted with the terminalia. It appears clear to me that yours
is a different species from argyropalpis." Dr. Mattingly also sent
sketches to us which are reproduced here (fig. 27, c, d) . These were
drawn, according to him, after he re-mounted the terminalia.

In other details of the genitalia, argyropalpis and dejesusi are
remarkably similar, indicating close relationship though perhaps
they are not conspecific.

Description: Adult.- — A broad triangular silvery patch covering
anterior part of vertex, and a similar patch low down on either
side of head; no pale line bordering eyes between silvery patches.
Torus dark brown, bare; antennal flagella and verticils of similar
hue. About six to eight verticils on each flagellum in male, four
to six in female. Clypeus dark brown, bare. Palpi about twice
as long as clypeus in male, somewhat longer in female, silvery-
scaled except basal portion beneath clypeus. Proboscis dark, mod-
erately swollen toward apex, about as long as front femur in male,
somewhat shorter in female; a pale-golden line underneath, broader
and more conspicuous in male than in female, originating from base
of proboscis where the line is fairly broad, gradually tapering toward
the apex, and ending at about one-eighth of the distance from the
tip of the proboscis. Apn dark, covered with dense patch of broad
silvery scales, and about ten dark brown bristles. Ppn also dark,
with iridescent silvery scales; one strong bristle in male, detached
or absent in female. Prosternum dark brown, bare except that
on either side a narrow portion is overlapped by silvery patch
of flat scales originating from propleuron. A brown propleural

BAISAS AND FELICIANO: PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES

175

bristle in female, detached or absent in male. Scutal integument
dark; scales dark brown, narrow, with the usual silvery line of
broad, roundish scales at middle running from anterior border and
ending at level of wing root in both sexes. Without dorso-central
or pre-scutellar bristles; several rather short supra-alar bristles.
Scutellum dark brown, paler in male; scales broad, flat; silvery
on mid-lobe (the silvery patch encroaches on part of posterior

FIG. 27. Parts of male terminalia. (a) Tip of harpago, and (b) coxite and
style of T. dejesusi. (c) Basal lobe of coxite (shaded), and (d) tip of harpago of
T. argyropalpis as sketched by Dr. P. F. Mattingly. (e) Style of T. dejesusi.

border of scutum, particularly in the female, where the scales are
also broad), dark on lateral lobes, a few white ones mixed with
dark scales in female. Postnotum dark brown, bare. Pleurae dark
brown. A large triangular silvery patch of broad scales covering
entire post-spiracular and sub-spiracular areas, the sterno-pleuron,
(except the anterior of its lower half), and continuing to anterior
of mesepimeron. Small patch of similar scales on each coxa. Para-
tergite dark, bare. Pleural bristles mostly detached; only three
spiraculars and six to eight upper mesepimerals are left. Legs
dark; under sides of femora pale in male, that on mid-leg continued
to under side of tibia; that on hind leg continued through tibia to
last tarsal segment. Pale parts on under sides of legs in female
not conspicuous. Wings dark. Abdominal tergite I silvery-scaled
on sides, the white part extending slightly to the dorsal surface;

176 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

lateral sides of tergite II also silvery-scaled, but this extending as
a broad sub-apical band in the female, the dorsal patch on the male
not quite connected with the patch on the side. A few dark scales
at middle of apical border dorsally render the silvery band not
strictly apical. A broad silvery patch on either side of tergite III;
patches on IV to VI extend upwardly, forming narrow triangle,
probably with its tip visible above in fresh specimens (the dry
specimens have laterally compressed abdomen) ; VII and VIII dark
in female, only VIII dark in male. Sternites pale golden except
VIII, which is dark.

Male terminalia (fig. 27, a, b, e).— Tergite IX with fairly straight
posterior border (without lobes), having on either side a row of
five bristles which are bent and pointing outwardly, the outermost
being stouter and longer than the others. Harpago with a stout,
slightly bent stem, about two-thirds the length of the coxite; with
a terminal appendage which is split in two close to base, the upper
fork longer, pointed, bent, and the lower shorter and straight, its
tip expanded and round-ended. Coxite with a big cluster of long,
bent hairs springing from an ill-defined lobe at the base of its inner
surface. Numerous scales and long hairs on sternal surface. A
conspicuous spine subapically located on tergal surface; or, rather,
it seems a fusion of two strong spines. Style irregularly sculptured,
enlarged toward the base, where it bears many tiny hairs, and split
in two at apex; the external fork irregularly expanded at tip and
bearing several long hairs along its internal border; the internal
fork bearing a terminal spine which is dark, subapically expanded,
with a pointed, hooked tip; a few hairs on the fork. Paraproct dark-
brown, surmounted by a strong, dark, pointed tooth.

Pupa, larva, and egg. — Unknown.

Holotype. — A male (Lot no. P1334-x) from the eastern slope
of Mount Apo, Davao Province, Mindanao. Caught wild by
Captain H. Hoogstraal at about 3,500 feet altitude, October 26,
1946. To be deposited in the collections of the United States Na-
tional Museum.

Allotype. — A female, same locality as the type. Caught wild
by Captain H. Hoogstraal at about 3,100 feet altitude, October 2,
1946.

Remarks. — T. dejesusi is named in memory of the first Filipino
Director of Health, Dr. Vicente de Jesus, who succeeded the famous
Dr. Victor Heiser.

BAISAS AND FELICIANO: PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES 177

Topomyia hernandoi sp. nov. Figure 25, c, d, e.

Description: Adult male. — Head apparently marked as in the
other species of Topomyia, that is, with a silvery patch in front of
the vertex and another low down on either side.1 Torus, antennae,
clypeus, and palpi dark, of normal type for genus. Eight to ten
verticils on each flagellar segment of antenna. Proboscis somewhat
shorter than front femur, dark, moderately swollen toward apex;
base with a golden patch that narrows on under side, forming a
short line that terminates a little beyond level of palpal tip. The
golden patch not readily visible. Integument of scutum dark brown,
scales of similar color, narrow. The usual line of broad roundish
scales at middle, originating from anterior border and terminating
close to anterior border of mid-scutellar lobe. Three or four pairs
of dorso-central bristles; several pre-scutellars; several supra-alars.
Scutellar scales broad, flat, silvery on mid-lobe, dark on lateral
lobes; two strong bristles on each of lateral lobes, four on mid-lobe.
Apn dark brown, covered with the usual broad silvery scales and
dark bristles. Ppn dark brown, completely but not densely covered
with dark brown (reflecting changing hues), broad scales; one
strong bristle. Pleural integument brownish, the usual patch of
silvery scales covering post- and sub-spiracular areas, the larger
portion of the sterno-pleuron and the mesepimeron. A small patch
of silvery scales and two strong tawny bristles on propleuron.
Two or three spiracular bristles, and about half a dozen upper
mesepimerals, but other bristles detached or absent. Legs dark;
pale yellowish line underneath each femur, that on hind leg con-
tinued to tip of last tarsal segment. Wings dark. Outstanding
scales on stem of vein 2 long, blunt-ended. Base of af nearer root
of wing than that of pf. Abdominal tergites clad with dark brown
scales; sternites pale yellowish except VIII, which is dark.

Male terminalia (fig. 25, c, d, e}. — Tergite IX arch-like, with
a pair of sub-median strong spines arising from small tubercles.
External to the spine is a row of three bristles on the left side and
two on the right. Bristles about as long as spines. Harpago strong,
its stem about as long as coxite, its base bulbous, spiculed, its term-
inal appendage leaf-like. Coxite with a row of 15-16 very strong
hairs along external border; numerous scales on sternal surface.
A long, curved process with its tip divided into about a dozen deli-
cate, thread-like branches, arising a little below middle of internal

1 The holotype is a unique and a fairly good specimen, but the scales on the
head are affected by paraffin, which obscures the silvery patches. Only under
certain angles of lighting can traces of these silvery patches be seen.

178 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 33

surface. On tergal side an elongate apical lobe bearing many strong
spines and several bristles. Sub-basal lobe of coxite (basally located
in this species) bears two strong, unequal bristles and several weaker
ones. Basal half of style expanded, with short hairs on enlarged
portion; bent at about the middle from where it tapers to apex;
terminal spine short, dark; a few hairs near the spine. Paraproct
tapering toward its dark apex, which bears two teeth. Phallosome
with many small close-set teeth on lateral plates.

Holotype. — A male (unique) (Lot no. P1336) from the eastern
slope of Mount Apo, Davao Province, Mindanao, original forest,
about 5,750 feet elevation. Caught in flight by Captain H. Hoog-
straal and Lieutenant D. Heyneman, November 8, 1946. To be
deposited in the collection of the United States National Museum.

Remarks. — The name is in honor of Dr. Eugenic Hernando,
the third Filipino Director of Health.

REFERENCES

BAISAS, F. E.

1946a. Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, IX. A new species of Zeugnomyia.

Bull., Philippine Bur. of Health, 22: 27-35.
1946b. Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XII. Topomyia. Bull., Philippine

Bur. of Health, 22: 31-47.

BAISAS, F. E. and PAGAYON, A. U.

1950. Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XV. The chaetotaxy of the pupae and

larvae of Tripteroides. Philippine Jour. Sci., 78 (1949), pp. 43-72, 4 pis.
Notes on Philippine mosquitoes, XVI. Genus Tripteroides. Philippine Jour.

Sci., in press.

BOHART, R. M.

1945. A synopsis of Philippine mosquitoes, pp. 24-25.

DYAR, HARRISON G. and SHANNON, RAYMOND C.

1925. The types of Philippine mosquitoes described by Ludlow, and other notes
on the fauna. Insec. Insc. Menstr., 13: 66-89.

EDWARDS, F. W.

1922. A synopsis of adult Oriental culicine (including megarhinine and sab-

ethine) mosquitoes. Part II. Ind. Jour. Med. Res., 10: 437-443.
1932. Genera Insectorum. Diptera. Family Culicidae. Bruxelles.
1941. Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian region. Part III: Culicine adults and

pupae.

LEICESTER, G. F.

1908. The Culicidae of Malaya. Studies, Inst. Med. Res. F. M. S., 3.

LUDLOW, C. S.

1911. The Philippine mosquitoes. Psyche, 18: 125-133.

BAISAS AND FELICIANO: PHILIPPINE MOSQUITOES 179

PURI, I. M.

1931. Larvae of anopheline mosquitoes, with full descriptions of those of the
Indian species. Ind. Res. Mem., no. 21, p. 22.

ROZEBOOM, L. E. and KNIGHT, K. L.

1946. The punctulatus complex of Anopheles. Jour. Parasit., 32: 95-131.

Publication 706

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