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CONTENTS.
-Our Ninth Volume -
NOTES :
Page
A Strawberry-Hill Gem, by Bolton
Corney - - - - - 3
The "Ancren Riwle," by Sir F. Madden 5
Order for the Suppression of Vagrancy, '
A. D. 1650- .M, by John Bruce - - 6
Letters of Eminent Literary Men, by
Sir Henry Ellis- - - 7
Burial-place of Archbishop Leighton,
by Albert Way .... 8
MIXOR NOTKS: Grammars. &c. fr
Public Schools "To captivate"
Bohn's Edition of Matthew of West-
minster French Season Rhymes
and Weather Rhymes Curious Epi-
taph in lilliugham Church, Essex 8
Domestic Letters of Edmund Burke - 9
MINOR QirKutES ; Farrant's Anthem
Ascension Day Custom Saw-
bridge and Knight's Numismatic
Collections "The spire whose silent
/!Uiger points to heaven " Lord
Fairfax Tailless Cats Saltcellar
Arms and Motto granted to Col.
"William Carlos Naval Atrocities
'Turtehydes Foreign Orders: Queen
of Bohemia Pickard Family Irish
Chieftains General Braddock - 9
MINOR QUKRIFS WITH ANSWERS :
Lawless Court, Bochford, Essex
Mot>o on old Damask Explanation
of the Word " Miser " " Acis and
Galatea " Birm-bank General
Thomas Gage - - - - 11
REPLIES :
Rapping no Novelty, by Key. Dr. Mait-
land ..... 12
Occasional Forms of Prayer, by John
Macray - - - - - 13
Oltic and Latin Languages - - 14
-Geometrical Curiosity, by Professor De
Morsnn - - - - - 14
The Blftck-gUftTd, hy P. Cunningham - 15
The Calves' Head Club, by Edward
Peacock - ... 15
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : _
The Cnlotype Process Hockin's
Short Sketch- Photographic Society 'a
Exhibition - - , - - 16
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES: "Firm
was their faith," .tc. Vellum-clean-
ing Wooden Tombs Solar Eclipse
in the Year 1203 Lines on Woman
Satin " Quid fades," &c. So-
tatles _ The Third Part of " Chris-
tabel" Attainment of Majority
Lord Halifax and Mrs. C. Barton
The fifth Lord Byron Burton Fa-
mily Provost Hodgson's Transla-
tion of the Atys of Catullus, &c. - 17
MISCELLANEOUS :
Notes on Books, &c. - - -21
Books and Odd Volumes wanted , - 21
A otiees to Correspondents - - 22
VOL. IX. No. 219.
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
3
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 7, 1854.
OUR NINTH VOLUME.
THE commencement of a New Year, and of our Ninth
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our interest.
A STRAWBERRY-HILL GEM.
" Pour qui se donne la peine de chercher, il y a tou-
jours quelque trouvaille a fair e, meme dans ce qui a ete le
plus visite." Henry PATIN.
I take up a work of European celebrity, and
reflect awhile on its bibliographic peculiarities
which may almost pass for romance.
It is a Scottish work with regard to the family
connexion of its author : it is an Irish work
with regard to the place of his nativity. It is an
English work as to the scenes which it represents ;
a French work as to the language in which it was
written ; a Dutch work as to the country in
which it came to light. It was formerly printed
anonymously : it has since borne the name of its
author. It was formerly printed for public sale :
it has been twice printed for private circulation.
It was formerly classed as fiction : it is now be-
lieved to be history.
But we have too many enigmas in the annals
of literature, and I must not add to the number.
The work to which I allude is the Memoires du
comte de Grammont par le comte Antoine Hamilton.
The various indications of a projected re-im-
pression of the work remind me of my portefeuiUe
Hamiltonien, and impose on me the task of a
partial transcription of its contents.
Of the numerous editions of the Memoires de
Grammont as recorded by Brunet, Renouard, or
Querard, or left unrecorded by those celebrated
bibliographers, I shall describe only four ; which
I commend to the critical examination of future
editors :
1. " Memoires de la me du comte de Grammont; con-
tenant particulierement Vhistoire amoureuse de la cour
d'Angleterre, sous le regne de Charles II. A Cologne,
chez Pierre Marteau, 1713. 12, pp. 4 + 428.
" Avis DU LIBRAIRE. II seroit inutile de recorn-
mander ici la lecture des memoires qui composent ce
volume : le titre seul de Memoires du comte de Gram-
mont reveillera sans doute la cutiosite du public pour
un homme qui lui est deja si connu d'ailleurs, tant par
la reputation qu'il a scu se faire, que par les differens
portraits qu'en ont donnez Mrs. de Bussi et de St.
Evremont, dans leurs ouvrages; et Ton ne doute nul-
lement qu'il ne re^oive, avec beaucoup de plaisir, un
livre, dans lequel on lui raconte ses avantures, sur ce
qu'il en a bien voulu raconter lui-meme a celui qui a
pris la peine de dresser ces memoires.
" Outre les avantures du comte de Grammont, ils con-
tiennent particulie[re]ment 1'histoire amoureuse de la
cour d'Angleterre, sous le regne de Charles II; et,
comme on y decouvre quantite de choses, qui ont ete
tenues cachees jusqu'a present, et qui font voir jusqu'a
quel exces on a porte le dereglement dans cette cour,
ce n'est pas le morceau le moins interessant de ces
memoires.
" On les donne ici sur une copie manuscrite, qu'on en
a recue de Paris : et on les a fait imprimer avec le plus
d'exactitude qu'il a ete possible."
The above is the first edition. The imprint is
fictitious. It was much used by the Elzevirs, and
by other Dutch printers. The second edition,
with the same imprint, is dated in 1714 (Cat. de
Guyon de Sardiere, No. 939.). The third edition
was printed at Rotterdam in 1716. The avis is
omitted in that edition, and in all the later im-
pressions which I have seen. Its importance as a
history of the publication induces me to revive it.
There is also an edition printed at Amsterdam in
1717 (Cat. de L-amy, No. 3918.); and another at
La Haye in 1731 (Cat. de Rothelin, No. 2534*).
Brunet omits the edition of 1713. Renouard and
Querard notice it too briefly.
2. " Memoires du comte de Grammont, par monsieur le
comte Antoine Hamilton. Nouvelle edition, augmentee (Cun
discours preliminalre mele de prose et de vers,par le meme
auteur, et d'un avertissement contenant quelques anecdotes
de la vie du comte Hamilton. A Paris, chez la veuve
Pissot, Quay de Conti, a la croix d'or. 1746." 12. pp.,
24 + 408.
" AVERTISSEMENT. Le public a fait un accueil si
favorable a ces Memoires, que nous avons cru devoir en
procurer une nouvelle edition. Outre les avantures du
comte de Grammont, tres-piquantes par elles-memes,
ils contiennent 1'histoire amoureuse d'Angleterre sous
le regne de Charles II. Ils sont d'ailleurs ecrits d'une
maniere si vive et si ingenieuse, qu'ils ne laisseroient
pas de plaire infiniment, quand la matiere en seroit
moins interessante.
*' Le heros de ces Memoires a trouve* dans le comte-
Hamilton un historien digne de lui. Car on n'ignore
plus qu'ils sont partis de la meme main a qui Ton doit
encore d'autres ouvrages frappes au meme coin.
" Nous avons enrichi cette edition d'un discours mele
de prose et de vers, ou 1'on exagere la difficulte qu'il y
a de bien representer le comte de Grammont. On re-
connoitra facilement que ce discours est du meme au-
teur que les Memoires, et qu'il devoit naturellement en
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
orner le frontispice. Au reste il ne nous appartient
point d'en apprecierle merite. Nous dirons seulement
que des personnes d'ungout sur et delicat le comparent
au Voyage de Chapelle, et qu'ils y trouvent les memes
graces, le meme naturel et la meme legerete.
" II ne nous reste plus qu'a dire un mot de M. Hamil-
ton lui-meme, auteur de ces memoires, et du discours
qui les precede.
" Antoine Hamilton dont nous parlons, e"toit de 1'an-
cienne et illustre maison de ce nom en Ecosse. II
naquit en Irlande. II cut pour pere le chevaliei
Georges Hamilton, petit-fils du due d'Hamilton, qu
fut aussi due de Chatelleraud en France.
" Sa mere etoit madame Marie Butler, sceur du due
d'Ormond, viceroi d'Irlande, et grand maitre de la
maison du roi Charles.
" Dans les revolutions qui arriverent du terns de
Cromwel, ils suivirent le roi et le due d'Yorck son
frere qui passerent en France. Ils y amenerent leur
famille. Antoine ne faisoit a peine que de naitre.
" Lorsque le roi fut retabli sur son trone, il ramena
en Angleterre les jeux et la magnificence. On voit
dans les memoires de Grammont combien cette cotir
etoit brillante ; la curiosite" y attira le comle de Gram-
mont. II y vit mademoiselle d'Hamilton, il ne tarda
pas a sentir le pouvoir de ses charmes, il 1'epousa
enfin ; et c'est la tendresse qu 1 Antoine avoit pour sa
soeur, qui 1'engagea a faire plusieurs voyages en France,
ou il etoit eleve, et ou il a passe une partie de sa vie.
" M. Antoine Hamilton etant catholique, il ne put
obtenir d'emploi en Angleterre ; et rien ne fut capable
d'ebranler ni sa religion, ni la fidelite qu'il devoit a
son roi.
" Le roi Jaques etant monte sur le trone, il lui donna
un regiment d'infanterie en Irlande et le gouvernement
de Limeric. Mais ce prince, ayant ete oblige de quit-
ter ses etats le comte Hamilton repassa avec la famille
royale en France. C'est -la et pendant le long sejour
qu'il y a fait, qu'il a compose les divers ouvrages qui
lui ont acquis tant de reputation. II mourut a S.
Germain le 21 Avril 1720. dans de grands sentimens
de piete, et apres avoir reu les derniers sacremens.
II etoit age alors d'environ 74 ans. II a merite les
regrets de tous ceux qui avoient le bonheur de le con-
noitre. Ne serieux, il avoit dans 1'esprit tous les
agremens imaginables ; mais ce qui est plus digne de
louanges, a ces agremens, qui sont frivoles sans la
vertu, il joignoit toutes les qualitez du cceur."
If the above avertissement first appeared in 1746,
which I have much reason to conclude, this is
certainly a very important edition. The biogra-
phical portion of the advertisement is the found-
ation of the later memoirs of Hamilton. In the
Moreri of 1759, we have it almost verbatim, but
taken from the (Euvres du comte Antoine Hamilton,
1749. Neither Brunet, nor Renouard, nor Que-
rard notice the edition of 1746. The copy which
I have examined has the book-plate G. III. R.
3. ' Memoires du comte de Grammont, par le C. An-
toine. Hamilton. 1760." [De 1'imprimerie de Didot,
rue Pavee, 1760.] J2. I. partie, pp. 36 + 316. II.
partie, pp. 4 + 340.
This edition has the same avertissement as that
of 1746. The imprint is M.DCC.LX. The type re-
sembles our small pica, and the paper has the
water-mark Auvergne 1749. At the end of the
second part appears, De Timprimerie de Didot,
rue Pavee, 1760. This must be M. Francois
Didot of Paris. I find the same colophon in the
Bibliographic instructive, 1763-8. v. 631. This
very neat edition has also escaped the aforesaid
bibliographic trio !
4. " Memoires du comte de Grammont, par monsieur
le comte Antoine Hamilton. Nouvelle edition, augmentee
de notes et d'edaircissemens necessaires, par M. Horace
Walpole. Imprimee a Strawberry- Hill. 1772." 4.
pp. 24+294. 8 portraits.
[Dedication.] "A madame
" L'editeur vous consacre cette edition, comme un
monument de son amitie, de son admiration, et de son
respect ; a vous, dont les graces, 1'esprit, et le gout re-
tracent au siecle present le siecle de Louis quatorze et
les agremens de 1'auteur de ces memoires."
Such are the inscriptions on the Strawberry-
Hill gem. Much has been said of its brilliancy
and so, for the sake of novelty, I shall rather dwell
on its flaws.
The volume was printed at the private press of
M. Horace Walpole at Strawberry- Hill, and the
impression was (.limited to one hundred copies, of
which thirty were sent to Paris. So much for its
attractions now for its flaws. In reprinting the
dedication to madame du Deffand, I had to insert
eight accents to make decent French of it ! The
avis is a mere medley of fragments : I could not
ask a compositor to set it up! The avertissement
is copied, without a word of intimation to that
effect, from the edition of 1746. The notes to
the epitre are also copied from that edition, except
L'abbe de Chanlieu ; and two of the notes to the
memoirs are from the same source. The other
notes, in the opinion of sir William Musgrave,
are in part taken from an erroneous printed Key.
Where are the eclaircissements ? I find none ex-
cept a list of proper names of which about one-
third part is omitted !
In quoting Brunet, T have used the fourth edi-
tion of the Manuel du libraire, 1842-4; in quoting
Renouard, I refer to the avis prefixed to the
(Euvres du comte Antoine Hamilton, 1812 ; in,
quoting Querard, to La France litteraire, 1827-39.
The other references are to sale catalogues. The
titles of the books described, and the extracts, are
given literatim, and, except as above noted, with
the same accentuation and punctuation.
To revert to the question of a new edition : I
should prefer the French text, for various reasons,
o any English translation that could be made.
That of Abel Boyer is wretched burlesque !
The chief requirements of a French edition
ould be, a collation of the editions of 1713 and
1746 the rectification of the names of persons
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
and places a revision of the punctuation and
a strict conformity, as to general orthography and
accentuation, with the Dictionnaire de VAcademie
franqaise, as edited in 1835. The substance of
the avis of 1713 might be stated in a preface; and
the avertissement of 1746, a clever composition,
would serve as an introduction and memoir of the
author. Those who doubt its value may consult
the Grand dictionnaire historique, and the Bio-
graphie universclle. As one hundred and sixty
persons are noticed in the work, brevity of anno-
tation is very desirable. It would require much
research. The manuscript notes of sir William
Musgrave would, however, be very serviceable
more so, I conceive, than the printed notes of M.
Horace Walpole.
As the indications of a projected re-impression
may be fallacious, I shall conclude with a word of
advice to inexperienced collectors. Avoid tliejolie
edition printed at Paris by F. A. Didot, par ordre
de monseigneur le comte d'Atlois, in 1781. It is
the very worst specimen of editorship. Avoid also
the London edition of 1792. The preface is a
piratical pasticcio ; the verbose notes are from
the most accessible books ; the portraits, very un-
equal in point of execution, I believe to be chiefly
copies of prints not d'apres des tableaux origi-
naux. The most desirable editions are, 1. The
edition of 1760 ; 2. That of 1772, as a curiosity;
3. That edited by M. Renouard, Paris, 1812, 18.
2 yols.; 4. That edited by M. Renouard in 1812, 8.
with eight portraits. The latter edition forms part
of the GEuvres du comte Antoine Hamilton in 3 vols.
It seldom occurs for sale. BOLTON COKNEY.
THE "ANCREN RIWLE.
The publication of this valuable semi-Saxon or
Early English treatise on the duties of monastic
life, recently put forth by the Camden Society,
under the editorship of the Rev. James Morton,
is extremely acceptable, and both the Society and
the editor deserve the cordial thanks of all who
are interested in the history of our language. As
one much interested in the subject, and who many
years since entertained the design now so ably
executed by Mr. Morton, I may perhaps be al-
lowed to offer a few remarks on the work itself,
and on the manuscripts which contain it. Mr.
Morton is unquestionably right in his statement
that the Latin MS. in Magdalen College, Oxford,
No. 67., is only an abridged translation of the
original vernacular text. Twenty-three years ago
I had access to the same MS. by permission of the
Rev. Dr. Routh, the President of Magdalen Col-
lege, and after reading and making extracts from
it*, I came to the same conclusion as Mr. Morton.
* At p. viii. of Mr. Morton's preface, for "yerze"
(eye), my extracts read "yze."
It hardly admits, I think, of a doubt ; for even
without the internal evidence furnished by the
Latin copy, the age of the manuscripts containing
the Early English text at once set aside the sup-
position that Simon of Ghent (Bishop of Salisbury
from 1297 to 1315) was the original author of the
work. The copy in Corpus Christi College, Cam-
bridge, I have not seen, but of the three copies in
the British Museum I feel confident that the one
marked Cleopatra C. vi. was actually written be-
fore Bishop Simon of Ghent had emerged from the
nursery. This copy is not only the oldest, but
the most curious, from the corrections and alter-
ations made in it by a somewhat later hand, the
chief of which are noticed in the printed edition.
The collation, however, of this MS. might have
been, with advantage, made more minutely, for at
present many readings are passed over. Thus, at
p. 8., for unweote the second hand has congoun;
at p. 62., for herigen it has preisen; at p. 90., for
on cheajfte, it reads o mufre, &c. The original hand
has also some remarkable variations, which would
cause a suspicion that this was the first draft of
the author's work. Thus, at p. 12., for scandle,
the first hand has schonde ; at p. 62., for baldeliche
it reads bradliche ; at p. 88., for nout for^ it has
anonden, and the second hand aneust ; at p. 90., for
sunderliche it reads sunderlepes, &c. All these,
and many other curious variations, are not noticed
in the printed edition. On the fly -leaf of this
MS. is written, in a hand of the time of Edward L,
as follows : " Datum abbatie et conventui de Leghe
per Dame M. de Clare" The lady here referred
to was doubtless Maud de Clare, second wife of
Richard de Clare, Earl of Hereford and Glou-
cester, who, at the beginning of the reign of Ed-
ward I., is known to have changed the Augus-
tinian Canons of Leghe, in Devonshire, into an
abbess and nuns of the same order ; and it was
probably at the same period she bestowed this
volume on them. The conjecture of Mr. Morton,
that Bishop Poore, who died in 1237, might have
been the original author of the Ancren Riivle^ is
by no means improbable, and deserves farther
inquiry. The error as to Simon of Ghent is due,
in the first place, not to Dr. Smith, but to Richard
James (Sir Robert Cotton's librarian), who wrote
on the fly-leaves of all the MSS. in the Cottonian
Library a note of their respective contents, and
who is implicitly followed by Smith. Wanley is
more blamable, and does not here evince his usual
critical accuracy, but (as remarked by Mr.
Morton) he could only have looked at a few
pages of the work. The real fact seems to be
that Simon of Ghent made the abridged Latin
version of the seven books of the Riivle now pre-
served in Magdalen College, and this supposition
may well enough be reconciled with the words of
Leland, who says of him,
"Edidit inter cetera, libros scptem de Vita Solitaria,
6
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.,
ad Virgines Tarentinas, Duriae cultrices." Comment.,
p. 316.
A second copy of the Latin version was formerly
in the Cottonian collection (Vitellius E. vii.), but
no fragment of it has hitherto been recovered from
the mass of burnt crusts and leaves left after the fire
of 1731. I am happy, however, to add, that within
the last few months, the manuscript marked Vitel-
lius F. vii., containing a French translation of the
Riwle, made in the fourteenth century (very
closely agreeing with the vernacular text), has
been entirely restored, except that the top margins
of the leaves have been burnt at each end of the
volume. This damage has, unfortunately, carried
away the original heading of the treatise, and the
title given us by Smith is copied partly from
James's note. This copy of the French version
appears to be unique, and is the more interesting
from its having a note at the end (now half ob-
literated by the fire), stating that it belonged to
Eleanor de Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester, whose
motto is also added, " Plesance. M [mil], en vn"
The personage in question was Eleanor, daughter
of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and
wife of Thomas of Woodstock, who ended her
days as a nun in the convent at Barking in 1399.
Is any other instance known of the use of this
motto ? Before I conclude these brief remarks, I
may mention a fifth copy of the Ancren Riwle,
which has escaped the notice of Mr. Morton. It
is buried in the enormous folio manuscript of old
English poetry and prose called the Vernon MS.,
in the Bodleian Library, written in the reign of
Richard II., and occurs at pp. 37l b> 392. In the
table of contents prefixed to this volume it is
entitled "The Roule of Reclous;" and although
the phraseology is somewhat modernised, it agrees
better with the MS. Cleopatra C. vi. than with
Nero A. xiv., from which Mr. Morton's edition is
printed. This copy is not complete, some leaves
having been cut out in the sixth book, and the
scribe leaves off at p. 420. of the printed edition.
It is very much to be wished that Mr. Morton
would undertake the task of editing another vo-
lume of legends, homilies, and poems, of the same
age as the Ancren Riwle, still existing in various
manuscripts. One of the homilies, entitled " Sawles
Warde," in the Bodley MS, 34., Cott. MS. Titus
D. xviii., and Old Royal MS. 17A. xxvii., is very
curious, and well deserves to be printed.
F. MADDEN.
British Museum.
ORDER FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF VAGRANCY,
A. D. 1650-51.
At a time when the question of " What is to be
done with our vagrant children ? " is occupying
the attention of all men of philanthropic minds, H
may be worth while to give place in your pages to
the following order addressed by the Lord Mayor
of London to his aldermen in 1650-51, which ap-
plies, amongst other things, to that very subject.
It will be seen that some of the artifices of beg-
gary in that day were very similar to those with
which we are now but too familiar. The difference
of treatment between vagrant children over and
under nine years of age, is worthy of observation.
" By THE MAYOR.
" Forasmuch as of late the constables of this city
have neglected to put in execution the severall whol-
some laws for punishing of vagrants, and passing them.
to the places of their last abode, whereby great scandall
and dishonour is brought upon the government of this
city ; These are therefore to will and require you, or
your deputy, forthwith to call before you the several
constables within your ward, and strictly to charge
them to put in execution the said laws, or to expect
the penalty of forty shillings to be levyed upon their
estates, for every vagrant that shal be found begging
in their several precincts. And to the end the said
constables may not pretend ignorance, what to do with
the several persons which they shal find offending the
said laws, these are further to require them, that al
aged or impotent persons who are not fit to work, be
passed from constable to constable to the parish where
they dwel ; and that the constable in whose ward they
are found begging, shal give a passe under his hand,
expressing the place where he or she were taken, and
the place whither they are to be passed. And for
children under five years of age, who have no dwelling, or
cannot give an account of their parents, the parish where
they are found are to provide for them ; and for those
which shall bee found lying under stalls, having no habit-
ation or parents (from five to nine years old"), are to be
sent to the Wardrobe House*, to be provided for by the
corporation for the poore ; and all above nine years of age
are to be sent to Bridewel. And for men or women who
are able to work and goe begging with young children,
such persons for the first time to be passed to the
place of their abode as aforesaid ; and being taken
againe, they are to be carryed to Bridewel, to be cor-
rected according to the discretion of the governours.
And for those persons that shal be found to hire children,
or go begging with children not sucking, those children are
to be sent to the several parisltes wher they dwel, and the
persons so hiring them to Bridewel, to be corrected and
passed away, or kept at work there, according to the go-
vernour's discretion. And for al other vagrants and
beggars under any pretence whatsoever, to be forthwith
sent down to Bridewel to be imployed and corrected,
according to the statute laws of this commonwealth,
except before excepted ; and the president and go-
vernours of Bridewel are hereby desired to meet twice
every week to see to the execution of this Precept.
And the steward of the workehouse called the Wardrobe, is
* I suppose this to have been the ancient building
known by the name of The Royal, or The Tower
Royal, used for a time as the Queen's Wardrobe. It
will be seen that it was occupied in 1650 as a work-
house.
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
authorised to receive into that house such children as are
of the age between five and nine, as is before specified and
limited and the said steward is from time to time to
acquaint the corporation for the poor, wh.at persons are
brought in, to the end they may bee provided for.
Dated this four and tvventyeth day of January, 1650.
SAULEU."
JOHN BRUCE.
LETTERS OF EMINENT LITERARY MEN.
I send you, as a New Year's Gift for your " N. & Q.,"
transcripts of half-a-dozen Letters of Eminent Literary
Men, specimens of whose correspondence it will do
your work no discredit to preserve,
Yours faithfully,
HENRY ELLIS.
British Museum, Dec. 2G, 1853.
I.
Dean Swift to
[MS. Addit, Brit. Mus., 12,113. Orig,']
Belcamp, Mar. 14th.
Sir,
Riding out this morning to dine here with
Mr. Grattan, I saw at his house the poor lame boy
that gives you this : he was a servant to a plow-
man near Lusk, and while he was following the
plow, a dog bit him in the leg, about eleven weeks
ago. One Mrs. Price endeavored six weeks to
cure him, but could not, and his Master would
maintain him no longer. Mr. Grattan and I are
of opinion that he may be a proper object to be
received into Dr. Stephen's Hospital. The boy
tells his story naturally, and Mr. Grattan and I
took pity of him. If you find him curable, and it
be not against the rules of the Hospitall, I hope
you will receive him.
I am, Sir,
Your most humble Servt.
JONATH. SWIFT.
II.
The Rev. Thomas Baker to Mr. Humphry Wanley.
[Harl. MS. 3778, Art. 43. Or/>.]
Cambridge, Oct. 16th [1718].
Worthy Sir,
I am glad to hear Mrs. Elstob is in a condition
to pay her debts, for me she may be very easy :
tho' I could wish for the sake of the University
(thp' I am no way engaged, having taken up my
obligation) that you could recover the Book, or at
least could find where it is lodged, that Mr. Brook
may know where to demand it. This, I presume,
may be done.
If you have met with Books printed by Gutten-
berg, you have made a great discovery. I thought
there had been none such in the world, and began
to look upon Fust as the first Printer. I have
seen the Bishop of Ely's Catbolicon (now with us),
which, for aught I know, may have been printed
by Guttenberg; for tho' it be printed at Ments,
yet there is no name of the Printer, and the cha-
racter is more rude than Fust's Tuliie's Offices,
whereof there are two Copies in 1465 and 1466,
the first on vellum, the other on paper.
May I make a small enquiry, after the mention
of so great a name as Guttenberg ? I remember,
you told me, my Lord Harley had two Copies of
Edw. the Sixth's first Common Prayer Book. Do
you remember whether either of them be printed
by Graf'ton, the King's Printer ? I have seen four
or five Editions by Whitchurch, but never could
meet with any by Grafton, except one in my cus-
tody, which I shall look upon to be a great liarity,
if it be likewise wanting to my Lord's Collection.
It varies from all the other Copies, and is printed
in 1548. All the rest, I think, in 1549. One
reason of my enquiry is, because I want the Title,
for the date is at the end of the Book, and indeed
twice ; both on the end of the Communion Office,
and of the Litany. But I beg your pardon for so
small an enquiry, whilst you are in quest of Gut-
tenberg and Nic. Jenson. My business consists
much in trifles. I am,
Sir,
Your most ob. humble
Servant,
THO. BAKER.
To the worthy Mr. Wanley, at
the Riding Hood Shop, the
corner of Chandois and Bed-
ford Streets,
Covent Garden,
London.
A note in Wanley's hand says, "Mrs. Elstob
has only paid a few small scores."
III.
Extract of a Letter from Win. Bickford, Esq., to
the Rev. Mr. Amory of Taunton, dated Dunsland,
March 7, 1731.
[MS. Addit., Brit. Mus., 4309, fol. 358.]
I cannot forbear acquainting you of a very
curious passage in relation to Charles the Second's
Restoration. Sir Win. Morrice, who was one of
the Secretaries of State soon after, was the person'
who chiefly transacted that affair with Monk, so
that all the papers in order to it were sent him,
both from King Charles and Lord Clarendon.
Just after the thing was finished, Lord Clarendon
got more than 200 of these Letters and other
papers from Morrice under pretence of finishing
his History, and which were never returned. Lord
Somers, when he was chancellor, told Morrice's
Grandson that if he would file a Bill in Chancery,
he would endeavour to get them ; but young
Morrice having deserted the Whig Interest, was
s
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 219.
prevailed upon to let it drop. This I know to be
fact, for I had it not only from the last-mentioned
Gentleman, but others of that family, especially
a son of the Secretaries. As soon as I knew this,
J took the first opportunity of searching the study,
and found some very curious Letters, which one
time or other I design to publish together with
the account of that affair. My mother being Niece
to the Secretary, hath often heard him say that
Charles the Second was not only very base in not
keeping the least of the many things that he had
promised ; but by debauching the Nation, had
rendered it fitt for that terrible fellow (meaning
the Duke of York) to ruin us all, and then Monk
and him would be remembred to their Infamy.
(To be continued.)
BURIAL-PLACE OF ARCHBISHOP LEIGHTON.
On a visit this autumn with some friends to
the picturesque village and church of Horsted-
Jeynes, Sussex, our attention was forcibly ar-
rested by the appearance of two large pavement
slabs, inserted in an erect position on the external
face of the south wall of the chancel. They
proved to be those which once had covered and
Erotected the grave of the good Archbishop
eighton, who passed the latter years of his life
in that parish, and that of Sir Ellis Leighton, his
brother. On inquiry, it appeared that their re-
mains had been deposited within a small chapel
on the south side of the chancel, the burial-place
of the Lightmaker family, of Broadhurst, in the
parish of Horsted. The archbishop retired
thither in 1674, and resided with his only sister,
Saphira, widow of Mr. Edward Lightmaker.
JBroadhurst, it may be observed, is sometimes in-
correctly mentioned by the biographers of Arch-
bishop Leighton as a parish ; it is an ancient
mansion, the residence formerly of the Light-
makers, and situated about a mile north of the
village of Horsted. There it was that Leighton
made his will, in February, 1683 ; but his death
occurred, it will be remembered, in singular ac-
cordance with his desire often expressed, at an
inn, the Bell, in Warwick Lane, London.
The small chapel adjacent to the chancel, and
opening into it by an arch now walled up, had for
some time, as I believe, been used as a school-
room ; more recently, however, either through
its becoming oufc of repair, or from some other
cause, the little structure was demolished. The
large slabs which covered the tombs of the good
prelate and his brother were taken up and fixed
against the adjoining wall. The turf now covers
the space thus thrown into the open churchyard ;
nothing remains to mark the position of the graves,
ivhich in all probability, ere many years elapse,
will be disturbed through ignorance or heedless-
ness, and the ashes of Leighton scattered to th&
winds.
In times when special respect has been shown,
to the tombs of worthies of bygone times, with the
recent recollection also of what has been so well
carried out by MR. MARKLAND in regard to the
grave of Bishop Ken, shall we not make an effort
to preserve from desecration and oblivion the
resting-place of one so eminent as Leighton for
his learning and piety, so worthy to be held in
honoured remembrance for his high principles and
his consistent conduct in an evil age ?
ALBERT
Grammars, SfC. for Public Schools. Would it
not be desirable for some correspondents of " N".
& Q." to furnish information respecting grammars,
classics, and other works which have been written)
for the various public schools ? Such information
might be useful to book collectors; and would
also serve to reflect credit on the schools whose-
learned masters have prepared such books. My
contribution to the list is small : but I remember
a valuable Greek grammar prepared by the Rev.
Hook, formerly head master of the College
School at Gloucester, for the use of that establish-
ment ; as also a peculiar English grammar pre-
pared by the Rev. R. S. Skillern, master of St.
Mary de Crypt School, in the same place, for the
use of that school. I also possess a copy (1640)
of the Romance Histories Anthologia, for the use of
Abingdon School, and Moses and Aaron, or the
Rites and Customs of the Hebrews (1641), both
by Thos. Godwin, though the latter was written
after he ceased to be master of the schools.
P. H. FlSHEB.
Stroud.
" To captivate" Moore, in his Journal, speak-
ing of the Americans (January 9th, 1819), says i
" They sometimes, I see, use the word captivate thus :
' Five or six ships captivated,' Five or six ships cap-
tivated.'"
Originally, the words to captivate were synony-
mous with to capture, and the expression was used
with reference to warlike operations. To capti-
vate the affections was a secondary use of the
phrase. The word is used in the original sense in
many old English books. It is not used so now
in the United States. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
Bolms Edition of Matthew of Westminster.
Under the year A.D. 782, the translator informs usr
that " Hirenes and his son Constantine became
emperors." Such an emperor is not to be found
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
in the annals of Constantinople. If Mr. Yonge,
who shows elsewhere that he has read Gibbon, had
referred to him on this occasion, he would pro-
bably have found that the Empress Irene, a name
dear to the reverencers of images, was the person
meant. The original Latin probably gives no clue
to the sex ; but still this empress, who is considered
as a saint by her church, notwithstanding the
deposition and blinding of her own son. was not a
personage to be so easily forgotten.
J. S. WARDEN.
French Season Rhymes arid Weather Rhymes.
*' A la Saint- Antoine (17th January)
L,es jours croissent le repas d'un mohie."
" A la Saint-Barnabe (llth June)
La faux au pre."
" A la Sainte- Catherine (25th November)
Tout bois prend racine."
" Passe la Saint- Clement (23rd November)
Ne seme plus froment."
*' Si 1'hiver va droit son chemin,
Vous 1'aurez a la Saint-Martin." (12th Nov.)
*' S'il n'arreste tant ne quant,
Vous 1'aurez a la Saint- Clement." (23rd Nov.)
*' Et s'il trouve quelqu' encombre*e,
Vous 1'aurez a la Saint- Andre." (30th Nov.)
CEYREP.
Curious Epitaph in Tillingham Church, Essex.
*' Hie jacet Humfridus Carbo, carbone notandus
Non nigro, Creta sed meliora tua.
Ciaruit in clero, nulli pietate secundus.
Caelum vi rapuit, vi cape si poteris.
Ob'. 27 Mar. 1624. JEt. 77."
Which has been thus ingeniously paraphrased by
a friend of mine :
" Here lies the body of good Humphry Cole,
Tho' Black his name, yet spotless is his soul ;
But yet not black tho' Carbo is the name,
Thy chalk is scarcely whiter than his fame.
A priest of priests, inferior was to none,
Took Heaven by storm when here his race was run.
Thus ends the record of this pious man ;
Go and do likewise, reader, if you can."
C. K. P.
Newport, Essex.
DOMESTIC LETTERS OF EDMUND BURKE.
In the curious and able article entitled " The
Domestic Life of Edmund Burke," which appeared
in the Atheneeum of Dec. 10th and Dec. 17th (and
to which I would direct the attention of such
readers of " N. & Q." as have not yet seen it),
the writer observes :
" There is not in existence, as far as we know, or
have a right to infer from the silence of the biographers,
one single letter, paper, or document of any kind
except a mysterious fragment of one letter relating
to the domestic life of the Burkes, until long after
Edmund Burke became an illustrious and public man ;
no letters from parents to children, from children t
parents, from brother to brother, or brother to sister.'*
And as Edmund Burke was the last survivor of
the family, the inference drawn by the writer, that
they were destroyed by him, seems, on the grounds
which he advances, a most reasonable one. But
my object in writing is to call attention to a
source from which, if any such letters exist, they
may yet possibly be recovered ; I mean the col-
lections of professed collectors of autographs. On
the one hand, it is scarcely to be conceived that
the destroyer of these materials for the history of
the Burkes, be he who he may, can have got all
the family correspondence into his possession. On
the other, it is far from improbable that in some
of the collections to which I have alluded, some
letters, notes, or documents may exist, treasured
by the possessors as mere autographs ; but which
might, if given to the world, serve to solve many
of those mysteries which envelope the early history
of Edmund Burke. The discovery of documents
of such a character seems to be the special province
of " N. & Q.," and I hope, therefore, although
this letter has extended far beyond the limits I
originally contemplated, you will insert it, and so
permit me to put this Query to autograph col-
lectors, " Have you any documents illustrative of
the Burkes ? " and to add as a Note. " If so, print
them ! " N. O.
Farranfs Anthem. From what source did
Farrant take the words of his well-known anthem,
" Lord, for thy tender mercies' sake?" C. F. S,
Ascension Day Custom. What is the origin of
the custom which still obtains in St. Magnus and
other city churches, of presenting the clergy with
ribbons, cakes, and silk staylaces on Ascension
Day? C.F. S.
Sawlridge and Knight's Numismatic Collections.
In Snelling's tract on Pattern Pieces for English
Gold and Silver Coins (1769), p. 45., it is stated,
in the description of a gold coin of Elizabeth, thafc
it is " unique, formerly in the collection of Thomas
Sawbridge, Esq., but at present in the collection
of Thomas Knight, Esq., who purchased the whole
cabinet." Can any of your readers inform me
who this Mr. Knight was, and whether his collec-
tion is still in existence ; or if it was dispersed,
when, and in what manner ? I am not aware of
any sale catalogue under his name. J. B. B*
" The spire whose silent finger points to heaven'*
I have met with, and sometimes quoted, this line.
10
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
Who is its author, and in what poem does it
occur ? J. W. T.
Dewsbury.
Lord Fairfax. In the Peerage of Scotland I
find this entry :
" Fairfax, Baron, Charles Snovvdon Fairfax, 1627,
Baron Fairfax, of Cameron ; sue. his grandfather,
Thomas, ninth baron, 1846. His lordship resides at
Woodburne, in Maryland, United States."
Fairfax is not a Scotch name. And I can find
no trace of any person of that family taking a part
in Scotch affairs. Cameron is, I suppose, the
parish of that name in the east of Fife.
I wish to ask, 1st. For what services, or under
what circumstances, the barony was created ?
2ndly. When did the family cease to possess
land or other property in Scotland, if they ever
held any ?
3rdly. Is the present peer a citizen or subject
of the United States ? if so, is he known and ad-
dressed as Lord Fairfax, or how ?
4thly. Has he, or hns any of his ancestors, since
the recognition of the United States as a nation,
ever used or applied for permission to exercise the
functions of a peer of Scotland, e. g. in the elec-
tion of representative peers?
5thly. If he be a subject of the United States,
and have taken, expressly or by implication, the
oath of citizenship (which pointedly renounces
allegiance to our sovereign), how is it that his
name is retained on the roll of a body whose first
duty it is to guard the throne, and whose exist-
ence is a denial of the first proposition in the
constitution of his country?
Perhaps UNEDA, W. W., or some other of your
Philadelphia correspondents, will be good enough
to notice the third of these Queries. W. H. M.
Tailless Cats. A writer in the New York
Literary World of Feb. 7, 1852, makes mention
of a breed of cats destitute of tails, which are
found in the Isle of Man. Perhaps some generous
Manx correspondent will say whether this is a
fact or a Jonathan. SHIRLEY HIBBERD.
Saltcellar. Can any of your readers gainsay
that in saltcellar the cellar is a mere corruption
of saliere f A list of compound words of Saxon
and French origin might be curious. H. F. B.
Arms and Motto granted to Col. William Carlos.
Can any reader of "N. & Q." give the date of
the grant of arms to Col. William Carlos (who
assisted Charles II. to conceal himself in the
" Royal Oak," after the battle of Worcester), and
specify the exact terms of the grant ? /*.
Naval Atrocities. In the article on " Wounds,"
in the Encyc. Brit., 4th edition, published 1810,
the author, after mentioning the necessity of a
surgeon's being cautious in pronouncing on the
character of any wound, adds that " this is parti-
cularly necessary on board ship, where, as soon as
any man is pronounced by the surgeon to be mor-
tally wounded, he is forthwith, while still living
and conscious, thrown overboard," or words to
this effect, as I quote from memory. That such
horrid barbarity was not practised in 1810, it is
needless to say; and if it had been usual at any
previous period, Smollett and other writers who
have exposed with unsparing hand all the defects
in the naval system of their day, would have
scarcely left this unnoticed when they attack
much slighter abuses. If such a thing ever oc-
curred, even in the worst of times, it must have
been an isolated case. I have not met elsewhere
with any allusion to this passage, or the atrocity
recorded in it, and would be glad of more inform-
ation on the subject. J. S. WARDEN.
Turlehydes. During the great famine in Ire-
land in 1331, it is said that
" The people in their distress met with an unex-
pected and providential relief. For about the 24th
June, a prodigious number of large sea fish, called
turlehydes, were brought into the bay of Dublin, and
cast on shore at the mouth of the river Dodder.
They were froqti thirty to forty feet long, and so
bulky that two tall men placed one on each side of the
fish could not see one another." The History and
Antiquities of the City of Dublin from the Earliest
Accounts, by Walter Harris, 1766, p. 265.
This account is compiled from several records of
the time, some of which still exist. As the term
turlehydes is not known to Irish scholars, can any
of the readers of " N. & Q." say what precise
animal is meant by it, or give any derivation or
reference for the term ? U. U.
Dublin.
Foreign Orders Queen of Bohemia. It is
well known that in some foreign Orders the
decorations thereof are conferred upon ladies.
Can any of your correspondents inform me
whether the Order of the Annunciation of Sar-
dinia, formerly the Order of the Ducal House of
Savoy, at any time conferred its decorations upon
ladies ; and whether the Princess Elizabeth, after-
wards Queen of Bohemia, ever had the decoration
of any foreign order conferred upon her ? In a
portrait of her she is represented with a star or
badge upon the upper part of the left arm.
S. E. Gr.
Pickard Family. Is the Pickard, or Picard,
family, a branch of which is located in Yorkshire,
of Norman origin ? If so, who were thQjirst settlers
in England ; and also in what county are they most
numerous ? ONE OF THE FAMILY.
Bradford.
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
11
Irish Chieftains. Some account of the following,
Historical Reminiscences of O' Byrnes, O'Tooles,
O'Kavanaghs, and other Irish Chieftains, privately
printed, 1843, is requested by JOHN MARTIN.
Woburn Abbey.
General Braddock. Can any of your readers
furnish me with information relative to this
officer? His disastrous expedition against Fort
Du Quesne, and its details, are well known ; but
I should like to know something more of his pre-
vious history. Walpole gives an anecdote or two
of him, and mentions that he had been Governor
of Gibraltar. I think too he was of Irish extrac-
tion. Is there no portrait or engraving of Brad-
dock in existence ? SERVIENS.
Lawless Court, Rochford, Essex. A most
extraordinary custom exists, in a manor at Roch-
ford, in the tenants holding under what is called
the " Lawless Court." This court is held at mid-
night, by torch-light, in the centre of a field, on
the first Friday after the 29th Sept., and is pre-
sided over by the steward of the manor, who,
however, appoints a deputy to fulfil this part of
his duty. The tenants of the manor are obliged
to attend to answer to their names, when called
upon, under pain of a heavy fine, or at all events
have some one there to respond for them. All
the proceedings are carried on in a whisper, no
one speaking above that tone of voice ; and the
informations as to deaths, names, &c. are entered
in a book by the president with a piece of charcoal.
I may add, the business is not commenced until
a cock has crowed three times, and as it is some-
times a difficult matter to get Chanticleer to do
his duly, a man is employed to crow, whose fee
therefor is 5s.
Now Morant, in his History of Essex, merely
cursorily mentions this most singular custom, and
has nothing as to its antiquity or origin ; I should
therefore feel much obliged for any information
concerning it. RUSSELL GOLE.
[The singular custom at Rochford is of uncertain
origin : in old authors it is spoken of as belonging to
the manor of Rayleigh. The following account of
" The Lawless Court," at that place, is printed by
Hearne'from the Dodsworth MSS. in the Bodleian,
vol. cxxv. : " The manor of Raylie, in Essex, hath a
custome court kept yearly, the Wednesday nexte after
Michael's day. The court is kept in the night, and
without light, but as the skye gives, att a little hill
without the tovvne, called the King's Hill, where the
steward writes only with coals, and not witli inke.
And many men and mannors of greate worth hold of
the same, and do suite unto this strange court, where
the steward calls them with as low a voice as possibly
he may ; giving no notice when he goes to the hill to
keepe the same court, and he that attends not is
deepely amerced, if the steward will. The title and
entry of the same court is as followeth, viz. :
' Curia de domino rege,
Dicta sine leye,
Tenta est ibidem,
Per ejusclem consuetudinem,
Ante ortum solis,
Luceat nisi polus,
Seneschallus solus,
Scribit nisi colis.
Clamat clam pro rege
In curia sine lege :
Et qui non cito venerit
Citius poenitebit :
Si venerit cum lumine
Errat in regimine.
Et dum sine lumine
Capti sunt in crimine,
Curia sine cura
Jurata de injuria
Tenta est die Mercuriae
prox. post festum S. Michaelis.' **
Weever, who mentions this custom, says, that he
was informed that " this servile attendance was im-
posed, at the first, upon certaine tenants of divers
mannors hereabouts, for conspiring in this place, at
such an unseasonable time, to raise a commotion. **]
Motto on old Damask. Can your correspon-
dents furnish an explanation of the motto herewith
sent ? It is taken from some damask table napkins
which were bought many years back at Brussels ;
not at a shop in the ordinary way, but privately,
from the family to whom they belonged. I presume
the larger characters, if put together, will indicate
the date of the event, whatever that may be, which
is referred to in the motto itself.
The motto is woven in the pattern of the
damask, and consists of the following words in
uncials, the letters of unequal size, as subjoined :
"slGNUM PACIs DATUR LoRlC^E."
the larger letters being IUMCIDULTC. If the C7"'s
are taken as two F's, and written thus X, it
gives the date MDCCLXIII. Perhaps this can be
explained. EL
[The chronogram above, which means " The signal
of peace is given to the warrior," relates to the peace
proclaimed between England and France in the year
1763. This event is noticed in the Annual Register,
and in most of our popular histories. Keightley says,
" The overtures of France for peace were readily
listened to; and both parties being in earnest, the
preliminaries were readily settled at Fontainebleau
(Nov. 3rd). In spite of the declamation of Mr. Pitt
and his party, they were approved of by large majori-
ties in both Houses of Parliament, and a treaty was
finally signed in Paris, Feb. 18, 1763." The napkins
were probably a gift, on the occasion, to some public
functionary. For the custom of noting the date of a
great event by chronograms, see " N. & Q.," Vol. v. r
p. 585.]
12
1TOTES AND QUERIES.
[> T 0. 219.
Explanation of the Word " Miser" Can any
of your readers explain how and when miser came
to get the meaning of an avaricious hoarding man ?
In Spenser's Faerie Queene, u. 1. 8., it is used in
its nearly primary sense of " wretch :"
" Vouchsafe to stay your steed for humble miser's sake."
Again, Faerie Queene, n. 3. 8. :
" The miser threw himself, as an ofifall,
Straight at his foot in base humility."
In Milton's Comus, which was written about
fifty years after the first three books of the Faerie
Queene, the present signification of the word is
complete :
" You may as well spread out the unsunn'd heaps
Of miser's treasure by an outlaw's den,
sAnd tell me it is safe, as bid one hope
Danger will sink on opportunity," &c.
J. D. GARDNER.
Bottisham.
[The modern restricted use of the word miser is
subsequent to Shakspeare's time ; for in Part I. King
Henry F/., Act V. Sc. 4.,
" Decrepit miser ! base ignoble wretch !"
Steevens says has no relation to avarice, but simply means
a miserable creature. So in the interlude of Jacob and
Esau, 1568:
" But as for these misers within my father's tent."
Again, in Lord Stirling's tragedy of Croesus, 1604 :
" Or think'st thou me of judgement too remiss,
A miser that in miserie remains."
Otway, however, in his Orphan, published in 1680,
uses it for a covetous person :
" Though she be dearer to my soul than rest
To weary pilgrims, or to misers gold,
Rather than wrong Castalio, I'd forget thee."
So also does Pope :
" No silver saints by dying misers given,
Here brib'd the rage of ill-requited heaven."]
" Ads and Galatea." Is there any good evi-
dence in support of the commonly received opinion
that the words to Handel's Acis and Galatea were
written by Gay ? Hawkins merely states that
they " are said to have been written by Mr. Gay."
I have no copy of Burney at hand to refer to ;
but I find the same statement repeated by various
other musical historians, without, however, any
authority being given for it. The words in ques-
tion are not to be found among" the Poems on
several Occasions^y Mr. John Gay, published in
1767 by Tonson and others. Have they ever
been included in any collective edition of his
works ? G. T.
Reading.
[In the musical catalogue of the British Museum,
compiled by Thomas Oliphant, Esq., it is stated that
the words to Acis and Galatea "are said to be written,
but apparently partly compiled, by John Gay." This
sercnata is included among Gay's Poems in Dr. John-
son's edition of the English Poets, 1790, as well as in
Chalmers's edition of 1810, and in the complete edi-
tion of British Poets, Edinburgh, 1794.]
Birm-banL TkQ bank of a canal opposite to
the towing-path is called the birm-banh. What
is the derivation of this ? UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
[The word lirm seems to have the same meaning as
berme (Fr. berme), which, in Fortification, denotes a
piece of ground of three, four, or five feet in width,
left between the rampart and the moat or foss, designed
to receive the ruins of the rampart, and prevent the
earth from filling the foss. Sometimes it is palisaded,
and in Holland is generally planted with quickset
hedge.]
General Thomas Gage. This officer com-
manded at Boston at the breaking out of the
Revolution, and served under General Braddock.
Where can I find any details of the remainder of
his history ? SERVIENS.
[An interesting biographical account of General
Gage is given in the Georgian JEra, vol. ii. p. 67.]
RAPPING NO NOVELTY.
(VoLviii., pp. 512. 632.)
The story referred to is certainly a very curious
one, and I should like to know whether it is ex-
actly as it was told by Baxter, especially as there
seems to be reason for believing that De Foe
(whom on other grounds one would not trust in
such a matter) did not take it from the work
which he quotes. Perhaps if you can find room
for the statement, some correspondent would be
so good as to state whether it has the sanction of
Baxter :
" Mr. Baxter, in his Historical Discourse of Appa-
ritions, writes thus : ' There is now in London an un-
derstanding, sober, pious man, oft one of my hearers,
who has an elder brother, a gentleman of considerable
rank, who having formerly seemed pious, of late years
does often fall into the sin of drunkenness ; he often
lodges long together here in his brother's house, and
whensoever he is drunk and has slept himself sober,
something knocks at his bed's head, as if one knocked
on a wainscot. When they remove his bed it follows
him. Besides other loud noises on other parts where
he is, that all the house hears, they have often watched
him, and kept his hands lest he should do it himself.
His brother has often told it me, and brought his wife,
a discreet woman, to attest it, who avers moreover, that
as she watched him, she has seen his shoes under the
bed taken up, and nothing visible to touch them. They
brought the man himself to me, and when we asked
7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
13
liim how he dare sin again after such a warning, he
had no excuse. But being persons of quality, for some
special reason of worldly interest I must not name
him.' " De Foe's Life of Duncan Campbell, 2nd ed.
p. 107.
After this story, De Foe says :
" Another relation of this kind was sent to Dr.
Beaumont (whom I myself personally knew, and
which he has inserted in his account of genii, or fa-
miliar spirits) in a letter by an ingenious and learned
clergyman of Wiltshire," &c.
But he does not say that the story which he has
already quoted as from Baxter stands just as he
has given it, and with a reference to Baxter, in
Beaumont's Historical, Physiological, and Theo-
logical Treatise of Spirits, p. 182. Of course one
does not attach any weight to De Foe's saying
that he knew Dr. Beaumont " personally," but
does anybody know anything of him ? Nearly
four years ago you inserted a somewhat similar
inquiry about this Duncan Campbell, but I be-
lieve it has not yet been answered.
S. R. MAITLAND.
OCCASIONAL rORMS OP PRAYER.
(Vol. viii., p. 535.)
From a volume of Forms of Prayer in the
library of Sir Robert Taylor's Institution, I send
you the follow 3 nor list, as supplementary to MR.
LATHBURY'S. This volume forms part of a col-
lection of books bequeathed to the University by
the late Robert Finch, M. A., formerly of Baliol
College :
A Form of Prayer for a General Fast, &c. 4to.
London. 1762.
In both the Morning and Evening Services of
this Form "A Prayer for the Reformed Churches "
is included, which is omitted in all the subsequent
Forms. This is a copy of it :
"A Prayer for the Reformed Churches.
" O God, the Father of Mercies, we present our
Supplications unto Thee, more especially on behalf of
our Reformed Brethren, whom, blessed be Thy Name,
Thou hast hitherto wonderfully supported. Make
them perfect, strengthen, 'stahlish them : that they may
stand fast in the Liberty wherewith Christ hath made
them free, and adorn the Doctrine of God our Saviour
in all things. Preserve the Tranquillity of those who
at present enjoy it : look down with compassion upon
such as are persecuted for Righteousness' sake, and
plead Thy cause with the oppressors of Thy people.
Enlighten those who are in Darkness and Error ; and
give them Repentance to the Acknowledgment of the
Truth : that all the Ends of the World may remember
themselves, and be turned unto the Lord ; and we all
may become one Flock, under the great Shepherd and
Bishop of our Souls, Jesus Christ, our only Mediator
and Advocate. Amen."
Form, &c. Fast. 1776.
Form, &c. Fast. 1778.
Form, &c. Fast. 1 780.
Form, &c. Fast. 1781.
Form, &c. Fast. 1782.
A Prayer to be used on Litany Days before the
Litany, and on other days immediately before the
Prayer for all Conditions of Men, in all Cathedra],
Collegiate, and Parochial Churches and Chapels,
&c., during his Majesty's present Indisposition.
1788.
The following MS. note is inserted in the hand-
writing of Mr. Finch, father of the gentleman who
bequeathed the collection :
"Mrs. Finch accompanied my Father (Rev. Dr.
Finch, Rector of St. Michael's, Cornhill) to the Ca-
thedral, where he had a seat for himself and his lady
assigned him under the Dome, as Treasurer to the
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, the
original patrons of the Charity Schools. Mrs. F. was
so fortunate as to obtain a seat in the choir, and saw
the procession from the choir gate. Myself and
Robert saw the cavalcade (which was extremely grand,
and continued for the space of more than three hours,
both Houses of Parliament with their attendants pre-
ceding their Majesties) from Mrs. Townsend's house
in Fleet Street." April 23, 1789.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the King's
Recovery. 1789.
Form, &c. Fast. 1793. ;
Form, &c. Fast. 1795.
Form, &c. Fast. 1796.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for many signal and
important. Victories. 1797.
Form, &c. Fast. 1798.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Victory of
the Nile, &c. 1798.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the Victory over
the French Fleet, Aug. 1. 1798.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for the safe Delivery
of H. R. H. the Princess of Wales, and the birth of
a Princess. 1796.
Form, &c. Fast. 1799.
Form, &c. Fast. 1800.
Form, &c. Fast. 1801.
Form and Thanksgiving for the Harvest. 1801.
Form and Thanksgiving for putting an End to the
War. 1802.
Form, &c. Fast. 1803.
Form, &c. Fast. 1804.
Form, &c. Fast. 1805.
Form of Prayer and Thanksgiving for Lord Nelson's
Victory. 1805.
Form, &c. Fast. 1 806.
Form, Sec. Fast. 1807.
Form, &c. Fast. 1 808.
Form, &c. Fast. 1809.
Form, &c. Fast. 1810.
Form, &c. Fast. 1812.
Form, c. Thanksgiving for the Peace. 1814.
Form, &c. Thanksgiving for the Peace. 1816.
JOHN MACRAT.
Oxford.
14
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES.
(Vol. viii., p. 174.)
There was a Query some time ago upon this
subject, but though it is one full of interest to all
scholars, I have not observed any Notes worth
mentioning in reply. The connexion between
these two languages has only of late occupied the
attention of philologers ; but the more closely they
are compared together, the more important and
the more striking do the resemblances appear ;
and the remark of Arnold with regard to Greek
literature applies equally to Latin, " that we seem
now to have reached that point in our knowledge
of the language, at which other languages of the
same family must be more largely studied, before
we can make a fresh step in advance." But this
study, as regards the comparison of Celtic and
Latin, is, in England at least, in a very infant
state. Professor Newman, in his Regal Rome,
has drawn attention to the subject; but his in-
duction does not appear sufficiently extensive to
warrant any decisive conclusion respecting the
position the Celtic holds as an element of the
Latin. Pritchard's work upon the subject is sa-
tisfactory as far as it goes, but both these authors
have chiefly confined themselves to a tabular view
of Celtic and Latin words ; but it is not merely
this we want. What is required is a critical ex-
amination into the comparative structure and
formal development of the two languages, and this
is a work still to be accomplished. The later
numbers of Bopp's Comparative Grammar are, I
believe, devoted to this subject, but as they have
not been translated, they must be confined to a
limited circle of English readers, and I have not
yet seen any reproduction of the views therein
contained in the philological literature of England.
As the first step to considerations of this kind
must be made from a large induction of words, I
think, with your correspondent, that the pages of
" N. & Q." might be made useful in supplying
"links of connexion" to supply a groundwork for
future comparison, I shall conclude by sug-
gesting one or two "links" that I do not re-
member to have seen elsewhere.
1. Is the root of felix to be found in the Irish
fail, fate ; the contraction of the dipththong a i
or e being analogous to that of ama'imus into
amemus ?
2. Is it not probable that Avernus, if not cor-
rupted from &opvos, is related to iffrin, the Irish
infer* ? This derivation is at any rate more pro-
bable than that of Grotefend, who connects the
word with 'Ax^pav.
3. Were the Galli, priests of Cybele, so called
as being connected with fire-worship ? and is the
name at all connected with the Celtic gal, a flame ?
The word Gallus, a Gaul, is of course the same
as the Irish gal, a stranger. T. H. T.
GEOMETRICAL CURIOSITY.
(Vol. viii., p. 468.)
MR. INGLEBY'S question might easily be the
foundation of a geometrical paper ; but as this
would not be a desirable contribution, I will en-
deavour to keep clear of technicalities, in pointing
out how the process described may give something
near to a circle, or may not.
When a paper figure, bent over a straight line
in it, has the two parts perfectly fitting on each
other, the figure is symmetrical about that straight
line, which may be called an axis of symmetry.
Thus every diameter of a circle is an axis of
symmetry : every regular oval has two axes of
symmetry at right angles to each other : every
regular polygon of an odd number of sides has an
axis joining each corner to the middle of the
opposite sides : every regular polygon of an even
number of sides has axes joining opposite corners,
and axes joining the middles of opposite sides.
When a piece of paper, of any form whatsoever,
rectilinear or curvilinear, is doubled over any
line in it, and when all the parts of either side
which are not covered by the other are cut away,
the unfolded figure will of course have the creased
line for an axis of symmetry. If another line be
now creased, and a fold made over it, and the
process repeated, the second line becomes an axis
of symmetry, and the first perhaps ceases to be
one. If the process be then repeated on the first
line, this last becomes an axis, and the other (pro-
bably) ceases to be an axis. If this process can
be indefinitely continued, the cuttings must be-
come smaller and smaller, for the following rea-
son. Suppose, at the outset, the boundary point
nearest to the intersection of the axes is distant
from that intersection by, say four inches ; it is
clear that we cannot, after any number of cuttings,
have a part of the boundary at less than four
inches from the intersection. For there never is,
after any cutting, any approach to the intersection
except what there already was on the other side of
the axis employed, before that cutting was made.
If then the cuttings should go on for ever, or
practically until the pieces to be cut off are too
small, and if this take place all round, the figure
last obtained will be a good representation of a
circle of four inches radius. On the suppositions,
we must be always cutting down, at all parts of
the boundary ; but it has been shown that we can
never come nearer than by four inches to the
intersection of the axes.
But it does not follow that the process will go
on for ever. We may come at last to a state in
which both the creases are axes of symmetry at
once ; and then the process stops. If the paper
had at first a curvilinear boundary, properly
chosen, and if the axes were placed at the proper
angle, it would happen that we should arrive at a
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
15
regular curved polygon, having the two axes for
axes of symmetry. The process would then stop.
I will, however, suppose that the original bound-
ary is everywhere rectilinear. It is clear then
that, after every cutting, the boundary is still
rectilinear. If the creases be at right angles to
one another, the ultimate figure may be an irre-
gular polygon, having its four quarters alike, such
as may be inscribed in an oval ; or it may have
its sides so many and so small, that the ultimate
appearance shall be that of an oval. But if the
creases be not at right angles, the ultimate figure
is a perfectly regular polygon, such as can be in-
scribed in a circle ; or its sides may be so many
and so small that the ultimate appearance shall be
that of a circle.
Suppose, as in MR. INGLEBY'S question, that
the creases are not at right angles to each other ;
supposing the eye and the scissors perfect, the
results will be as follows :
First, suppose the angle made by the creases to
be what the mathematicians call incommensurable
with the whole revolution ; that is, suppose that
no repetition of the angle will produce an exact
number of revolutions. Then the cutting will go
on for ever, and the result will perpetually
approach a circle. It is easily shown that no
figure whatsoever, except a circle, has two axes
of symmetry which make an angle incommensur-
able with the whole revolution.
Secondly, suppose the angle of the creases com-
mensurable with the revolution. Find out the
smallest number of times which the angle must
be repeated to give an exact number of" revolu-
tions. If that number be even, it is the number
of sides of the ultimate polygon : if that number
be odd, it is the half of the number of sides of the
ultimate polygon.
Thus, the paper on which I write, the whole
sheet being taken, and the creases made by join-
ing opposite corners, happens to give the angle of
the creases very close to three-fourteenths of a
revolution ; so that fourteen repetitions of the
angle is the lowest number which give an exact
number of revolutions ; and a very few cuttings
lead to a regular polygon of fourteen sides. But
if four-seventeenths of a revolution had been
taken for the angle of the creases, the ultimate
polygon would have had thirty-four sides. In an
angle taken at hazard the chances are that the
number of ultimate sides will be large enough to
present a circular appearance.
Any reader who chooses may amuse himself by
trying results from three or more axes, whether
all passing through one point or not.
A, DE MORGAN.
THE BLACK-GUARD.
(Yol. viii., p. 414.)
Some of your correspondents, SIR JAMES E. TENNENT
especially, have been very learned on this subject, and
all have thrown new light on what I consider a very
curious inquiry. The following document I discovered
some years ago in the Lord Steward's Offices. Your
readers will see its value at once ; but it may not be
amiss to observe, that the name in its present applica-
tion had its origin in the number of masterless boys
hanging about the verge of the Court and other public
places, palaces, coal-cellars, and palace stables ; ready
with links to light coaches and chairs, and conduct,
and rob people on foot, through the dark streets of
London ; nay, to follow the Court in its progresses to
Windsor and Newmarket. Pope's "link-boys vile"
are the black-guard boys of the following Proclam-
ation. PETER CUNNINGHAM.
At the Board of Green Cloth,
in Windsor Castle,
this 7th day of May, 1683.
WHEREAS of late a sort of vicious, idle, and
masterless boyes and rogues, commonly called the
Black-guard, with divers other lewd and loose
fellowes, vagabonds, vagrants, and wandering men
and women, do usually haunt and follow the Court,
to the great dishonour of the same, and as Wee
are informed have been the occasion of the late
dismall fires that happened in the towns of Wind-
sor and Newmarket, and have, and frequently do
commit divers other misdemeanours and disorders
in such places where they resort, to the prejudice
of His Majesty's subjects, for the prevention of
which evills and misdemeanours hereafter, Wee do
hereby strictly charge and command all those so
called the Black-guard as aforesaid, with all other
loose, idle, masterless men, boyes, rogues, and
wanderers, who have intruded themselves into His
Majesty's Court or stables, that within the space,
of, twenty- four houres next after the publishing
of this order, they depart, upon pain of imprison-
ment, and such other punishments as by law are
to be inflicted on them.
(Signed) ORMOND.
H. BULKELEY.
H. BROUNCKER.
RICH. MASON.
STE. Fox.
THE CALVES' HEAD CLTJB.
(Vol. viii., pp. 315. 480.)
The Calves' Head Club existed much earlier
than the time when their doings were commemo-
rated in the Weekly Oracle (Yol. viii., p. 315.)
of February 1, 1735, or depicted in the print of
1734 (Vol. viii., p. 480.). There is a pamphlet,
16
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
the second edition of -which was published in
small 4to., in 170-3, entitled :
" The Secret History of the Calves' Head Club,
or, the Republican Unmasqu'd, wherein is fully
shewn the Religion of the Calves- Head Heroes in
their Anniversary Thanksgiving Songs on the Thir-
tieth of January, by their Anthems," &c. &c.
We are told in the latter part of the long title-
page that the work was published " to demonstrate
the restless, implacable spirit of a certain party
still among us," and certainly the statements
therein, and more than all the anthems at the end,
do show the bitterest hatred so bitter, so intense
and malignant, that" we feel on reading it that
there must be some exaggeration.
The author professes to have at first been of
opinion " that the story was purely contrived on
purpose to render the republicans more odious
than they deserv'd." Whether he was convinced
to the contrary by ocular demonstration he does
not tell us, but gives us information he received
from a gentleman
" Who, about eight years ago, went out of meer
curiosity to see their Club, and has since furnish'd me
with the following papers. I was inform'd that it was
kept in no fix'd house, but that they remov'd as they
saw convenient ; that the place they met in when he
was with 'em was in a blind ally, about Morefields ;
that the company wholly consisted of Independents
and Anabaptists (I am glad for the honour of the
Presbyterians to set down this remark) ; that the
fa -nous Jerry White, formerly Chaplain to Oliver
Cromwell, who no doubt on't came to sanctify with
his pious exhortations the Ribbaldry of the Day, said
Grace; that after the table-cloth was removed, the
anniversary anthem, as they impiously called it, was
sung, and a calve's skull fill'd with wine, or other
liquor, and then a brimmer went about to the pious
memory of those worthy patriots that kill'd the tyrant,
and deliver' d their country from arbitrary sway ; and
lastly, a collection made for the mercenary scribler, to
which every mm contributed according to his zeal for
the cause, or the ability of his purse.
" I have taken care to set down what the gentleman
told me as faithfully as my memory wou'd give me
leave; and I am persuaded that some persons that
'frequent the Black Boy in Newgate Street, as they
knew the author of the following lines so they knew
this account of the Calves' Head Club to be true."
The anthems for the years 1693, 1694, 1695,
1696, and 1697, are given; but they are too
long and too stupidly blasphemous and indecent
to quote here. Xliey seem rather the satires of
malignant cavaliers than the serious productions
of any Puritan, however politically or theolo-
gically heretical. EDWARD PEACOCK.
Bottesford Moors.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
The Calotype Process. 1 have made my first essay
in the calotype process, following DR. DIAMOND'S
directions given in " N. & Q.," and using Turner's
paper, as recommended by him. My success has been,
quite as great as I could expect as a novice, and sa-
tisfies me that any defects are due to my own want of
skill, and not to any fault in the directions given. I
wish, however, to ask a question as to* iodizing the
paper. DR. DIAMOND says, lay the paper on the solu-
tion ; then immediately remove it, and lay on the dry
side on blotting-paper, &c. Now I find, if I remove
immediately, the whole sheet of paper curls up into a
roll, and is quite unmanageable. I want to know,
therefore, whether there is any objection to allowing
the paper to remain on the iodizing solution until it
lies flat on it, so that on removal it will not curl, and
may be easily and conveniently laid on the dry side to
pass the glass rod over it. As soon as the paper is
floated on the solution (I speak of Turner's) it has a
great tendency to curl, and takes some time before the
expansion of both surfaces becoming equal allows it to
lie quite flat on the liquid. May this operation be per-
formed by the glass rod, without floating at all ?
Photographers, like myself, at a distance from prac-
tical instruction, are so much obliged for plain and
simple directions such as those given by DR. DIAMOND,
which are the result of experience, that I am sure he
will not mind being troubled with a few inquiries rela-
tive to them. C. E. F.
ffockin's' Short Sketch. Mr. Hockin is so well known
as a thoroughly practical chemist, that it may suffice
to call attention to the fact of his having published a
little brochure entitled How to obtain Positive and.
Negative Pictures on Collodionized Glass, and copy the
latter upon Paper. A Short Sketch adapted for the Tyro
in Photography. As the question of the alkalinity of
the nitrate bath is one which has lately been discussed,
we will give, as a specimen of Mr. Hockin's book, a
quotation, showing his opinion upon that question :
" The sensitizing agent, nitrate of silver in crystals,
not the ordinary fused in sticks, is nearly always con-
fessedly adulterated ; it is thus employed :
" The silver or nitrate bath. Nitrate of silver five
drachms, distilled water ten ounces; dissolve and add
iodized collodion two drachms.
" Shake these well together, allow them to macerate
twelve hours, and filter through paper. Before adding
the nitric acid, test the liquid with a piece of blue
litmus paper; if it remain blue after being immersed
one minute, add one drop of dilute nitric acid *, and
test again for a minute ; and so on, until a claret red is
indicated on the paper. It is necessary to test the
bath in a similar manner, frequently adding half a
drop to a drop of dilute acid when required. This
precaution will prevent the fogging due to alkalinity
of the bath, so formidable an obstacle to young hands."
Photoaraphic Society's Exhibition. The Photo-
graphic^Society opened their first Exhibition of Pho-
* " Dilute nitric acid. Water fifty parts, nitric acid
one part."
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
17
tographs and Daguerreotypes at the Gallery of the
Society of British Artists, in Suffolk Street, with a
soiree on Tuesday evening last. Notwithstanding the
inclemency of the weather, the rooms were crowded
not only by members of the Society, but by many of
the most distinguished literary and scientific men of
the metropolis. The Queen and Prince Albert had,
in the course of the morning, spent three hours in an
examination of the collection ; and the opinion they
expressed, that the exhibition was one of great interest
and promise, from the evidence it afforded of the ex-
traordinary advance made by the art during the past
year, and the encouragement it held out to the belief
that far * greater excellence might therefore still be
looked for in it, was a very just one, and embodied that
given afterwards by the most competent authorities.
We have not room this week to enter into any details,
but can confidently recommend our readers to pay an
early visit to Suffolk Street.
to ifHCncrr
" Firm was their faith" frc. (Vol. viii., p. 564.).
These lines are to be found in a poem called
"Morwennae Statio, hodie Morwenstow," pub-
lished by Masters in 1846, with the title of Echoes
from Old Cornwall, and written by the Vicar of
Morwenstow. I agree with D. M. in the judg-
ment he has announced as to their merits ; but
hitherto they have been but little appreciated by
the public. A time will come, however, when
these and other compositions of the author will
be better known and more duly valued by the
English mind. SAXA.
These lines were written on " the Minster of
Morwenna," May, 1840, and appeared in the
British Magazine under the anonymous name
Procul. Of the eight stanzas of which the poem
consists^ P. M. has quoted the second. The
second line should be read " wise of heart," and
the third "jtfrw and trusting hands." With your
correspondent, I hope the author's name may be
discovered. F. R. R.
Vellum-cleaning (Vol. viii., p. 340.). In the
Polytechnic Institution there are specimens of old
deeds, &c., on vellum and paper, beautifully
cleaned and restored by Mr. George Clifford,
5. Inner Temple Lane, Temple, London.
J. M'K.
Shoreham.
Wooden Tombs (Vol. viii., p. 255.). In the
church at Brading, Isle of Wight
" There are some old tombs in the communion place,
and in Sir William Oglander's chapel, or family burial-
place, which is separated from the rest of the church
by an oak screen. The most ancient legible date of
these monuments is 1567. Two of them have full-
length figures in armour of solid elm wood, originally
painted in their proper colours, and gilt, but now dis-
figured by coats of dirty white." Barber's Picturesque
Guide to the Isle of Wight, 1850, pp. 28, 29.
J. M'K.
Shoreham.
Solar Eclipse in the Year 1263 (Vol. viii.,
p. 441.). In the Transactions of the Antiquarian
Society of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 350., there are
" Observations on the Norwegian Expedition
against Scotland in the year 1263," by John
Dillon, Esq. ; and at pp. 363-4., when speaking of
the annular eclipse, he says :
" The eclipse above mentioned is described to have
occurred between these two dates [29th July and 9th
August]. This being pointed out to Dr. Brewster,
he had the curiosity to calculate the eclipse, when he
found that there was an eclipse of the sun on 5th
August, 1263, and which was annular at Ronaldsvo,
in Orkney, and the middle of it was twenty-four
minutes past one."
These " Observations " contain much curious
information ; but are deformed by the author
attempting to wrest the text of the Norwegian
writer (at p. 358. and in note I.) to suit an absurd
crotchet of his own. Having seen that essay in
MS., I pointed out those errors ; but instead of
attending to my observations, he would not read
them, and got into a passion against the friend
who showed the MS. to me. J. M'K.
Shoreham.
Lines on Woman (Vol. viii., pp. 292. 350. &c.).
The lines on Woman are, I presume, an altered
version of those of Barret (Mrs. Barrett Brown-
ing ?) ; they are the finale of a short poem oa
Woman ; the correct version is the following :
" Peruse the sacred volume, Him who died
Her kiss betray'd not, nor her tongue denied';
While even the Apostle left Him to His doom,
She linger'd round His cross and watch'd His tomb.' r
I would copy the whole poem, but fear you
would think it too long for insertion. MA. L.
[Our correspondent furnishes an addition to our
list of parallel passages. The lines quoted by W. V.
and those now given by our present correspondent can
never be different readings of the same poem. Besides,
it has been already shown that the lines asked for are
from the poem entitled Woman, by Eaton Stannard
Barrett (see ante, pp. 350. 423.).]
Satin (Vol. vii., p. 551.). In a note just re-
ceived by me from Canton, an American friend of
mine remarks as follows :
" When you write again to ' N. & Q.' you can
say that the word satin (Vol. vii., p. 551.), like the
article itself, is of Chinese origin, and that other
foreign languages, in endeavouring like the En-
glish to imitate the Chinese sz-tun, have approxi-
18
KOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
mated closely to it, and to each other. Of this
the answers to the Query given in the place re-
ferred to are a sufficient proof; Fr. satin,
W. sidan, &c. &c."
I suspect that he is right, and that Ogilvie and
Webster, whom you quote, have not got to the
bottom of the word. I may add that the notion
of my Canton friend receives approval from a
Chinese scholar to whom I have shown the above
extract. W. T. M.
Hong Kong.
" Quid fades" fyc. (Vol. viii., p. 539.).
" BIERVK, N. Marechal, Marquis de, a Frenchman
well known for his ready wit and great facetiousness.
He wrote two plays of considerable merit, Les Re-
putations and Le Seducteur. He died at Spa, 1789,
aged 42. He is author of the distich on courtezans :
Quid facies, facies Veneris cum veneris ante ?
Ne sedeas ! sed eas, ne pereas per eas.' "
Lempriere's Universal Biography, abridged from the
larger work, London, 1808.
C. FORBES.
Temple.
Sotades (Vol. viii., p. 520.). Your correspon-
dent CHARLES REED says that Sotades was a
Roman poet 250 B.C. ; and that to him we owe the
line, " Roma tibi subito," &c. Sotades was a native
of Maroneia in Thrace, or, according to others, of
Crete ; and nourished at Alexandria B.C. 280
(Smith's Dictionary of Biography, Clinton, F. H.,
vol. iii. p. 888.). We have a few fragments of his
poems, but none of them are palindromical. The
authority for his having written so, is, I suppose,
Martial, Epig. n. 86. 2. :
" Nee retro lego Sotaden cinaedum."
ZEUS.
The Third Part of " Christabel " (Vol. viii.,
pp. 11. 111.). Has the 7mA Quarterly Review
any other reason for ascribing this poem to Maginn
than the common belief which makes him the sole
and original Morgan Odoherty ? If not, its evi-
dence is of little value, ns^ exclusive of some pieces
under that name which have been avowed by
other writers, many of the Odoherty papers con-
tain palpable internal evidence of having been
written by a Scotchman, or at least one very fa-
miliar with Scotland, which at that time he was
not ; even the letter accompanying the third part
of Christabel is dated from Glasgow, and though
this would in itself prove nothing, the circum-
stances above mentioned, as well as Dr. Moir's
evidence as to the time when Maginn's contribu-
tions to Blachwood commenced, seems strongly
presumptive against his claim. Some of the
earliest and most distinguished writers in Black-
wopd are still alive, and could, no doubt, clear up
this point at once, if so inclined. J. S. WARDEN.
Attainment of Majority (Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250.).
In my last communication upon this subject I
produced undeniable authority to prove that the
law did not regard the fraction of a day ; this, I
think, A. E. B. will admit. The question is, now,
does the day on which a man attains his majority
commence at six o'clock A.M., or at midnight?
We must remember that we are dealing with a
question of English law ; and therefore the evi-
dence of an English decision will, I submit, be
stronger proof of the latter mode of reckoning than
the only positive proof with which A. E. B. has
defended Ben Jonson's use of the former, viz.
Roman.
In a case tried in Michaelmas Term, 1704,
Chief Justice Holt said :
" It has been adjudged that if one be born the 1st of
February at eleven at night, and the last of January in
the twenty-first year of his age at one o'clock in the
morning, he makes his will of lands and dies, it is a
good will, for he was then of age." Salkeld, 44. ;
Raymond, 480, 1096 ; 1 Siderfin, 162.
In this case, therefore, the testator was ac-
counted of age forty-six hours before the com-
pletion of his twenty-first year. Now, the law
not regarding the fraction of a day, the above
case, I submit, clearly proves that the day, as
regards the attainment of majority, began at mid-
night. RUSSELL GOLE.
Lord Halifax and Mrs. C. Barton (Vol. viii.,
pp. 429. 543.). In answer to J. W. J.'s Query, I
beg to state that I have in my possession a codicil
of Mrs. Conduit's will in her own hand, dated
26th of January, 1737. This document refers to
some theological tracts by Sir Isaac Newton, in
his handwriting, which I have. On referring to
the pedigree of the Barton family, I find that
Colonel Robert Barton married Catherine Green-
wood, whose father lived at Rotterdam, and was
ancestor of Messrs. Greenwood, army agents. His
issue were Major Newton Barton, who married
Elizabeth Ekins, Mrs. Burr, and Catherine Robert
Barton. I find no mention of Colonel Noel
Barton. The family of Ekins had been previously
connected with that of Barton, Alexander Ekins,
Rector of Barton Segrave, having married Jane
Barton of Brigstock. The writer of this note
will be obliged if J. W. J., or any correspondent
of " N. & Q.," will inform him if anything is
known respecting an ivory bust of Sir Isaac
Newton, executed by Marchand or Marchant,
which is said to have been an excellent likeness.
S. X.
[The ivory bust referred to by our correspondent
is, we believe, in the British Museum.]
The fifth Lord Byron (Vol. viii., p. 2.). I
cannot but think that MR. HASLEDEN'S memory
has deceived him as to the " wicked lord " having
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
19
settled his estates upon the marriage of his son ;
how is this to be reconciled with the often pub-
lished statement, that the marriage of his son with
his cousin Juliana, daughter of the admiral, and
aunt of the late and present lords, was made not
only without the consent, but in spite of the oppo-
sition, of the old lord, and that he never forgave
his son in consequence ? J. S. WARDEN.
Burton Family (Vol. iv., pp. 22. 124.). In
connexion with a Query which was kindly noticed
by MB. ALGOR of Sheffield, who did not however
communicate anything new to me, I would ask
who was Samuel Burton, Esq., formerly Sheriff of
Derbyshire ; whose death at Sevenoaks, in October,
1750, I find recorded in the Obituary of the Gen-
tleman's Magazine for that year ? I am also de-
sirous to ascertain who was Sir Francis Cavendish
Burton of St. Helens, whose daughter and heiress,
Martha, married Richard Sikes, Esq., ancestor of
the Sikes's of the Chauntry House near Newark.
She died since 1696. Both Samuel Burton and
Mrs. Sikes were related to the Burtons of Kilburn,
in the parish of Horsley, near Derby, to whom my
former Query referred. E. H. A.
Provost Hodgson s Translation of the Atys of
Catullus (Vol. viii., p. 563.). In answer to MR.
GANTILLON'S inquiry for the above translation, I
beg to state that it will be found appended to an
octavo edition of Hodgson's poem of Lady Jane
Grey.
In the same volume will be found, I believe
(for I have not the work before me), some of the
modern Latin poetry respecting which BALLIO-
LENSIS inquires. The justly admired translation
of Edwin and Angelina, to which the latter refers,
was by Hodgson's too early lost friend Lloyd.
The splendid pentameter is slightly misquoted
by BALLIOLENSIS. It is not
" Poscimus in terris pauca, nee ilia diu."
but
" Poscimus in vita," &c.
THOMAS ROSSELL POTTER.
Wymeswold, Loughborough.
Wylcotes 1 Brass (Vol. viii., p. 494.). I should
hardly have supposed that any difficulty could
exist in explaining the inscription :
"In on is all."
To me it appears self-evident that it must be
" In one (God) is my all."
H. C. C.
Holy, Family of ; their Portraits, Sfc. (Vol. viii.,
p. 244.) 1 would refer J. B. WHITBORNE to
The Antiquities of Berkshire (so miscalled), by
Elias Ashmole; where, in treating of Bisham, that
learned antiquary has given the inscriptions to
the Hoby family as existing and legible in his time.
It does not appear that Sir Philip Hoby, or
Hobbie, Knight, was ever of the Privy Council ;
but, in 1539, one of the Gentlemen of the Privy
Chamber to King Henry VIII. (which monarch
granted to him in 1546-7 the manor of Wil-
loughby in Edmonton, co. Middlesex), Sir Thomas
Hoby, the brother, and successor in the estates of
Sir Philip, was, in 1566, ambassador to France ;
and died at Paris July 13 in that same year (not
1596), aged thirty-six. The coat of the Hobys of
Bisham, as correctly given, is " Argent, within a
border engrailed sable, three spindles, threaded in
fesse, gules." A grant or confirmation of this coat
was made by Sir Edward Bysshe, Clarenceux, to
Peregrine Hoby of Bisham, "Berks, natural son of
Sir Edward Hoby, Nov. 17, 1664. The Bisham
family bore no crest nor motto. H. C. C.
The Keate Family (Vol. viii., pp. 293. 525.)
Should the Query of G. B. B. not be sufficiently
answered by the extract from Mr. Burke's Extinct
and Dormant Baronetcies of England relating to
the Keate family, as I have a full pedigree of that
surname, I may perhaps be able, on application,
to satisfy him with some genealogical particulars
which are not noticed in Mr. Burke's work.
H. C. C.
Sir Charles Cotterell (Vol. viii., p. 564.). Sir
Charles Cotterell, the translator of Cassandra,
died in 1687. (See Fuller's Worthies, by Nuttall,
vol. ii. p. 309.) 'AAieus.
Dublin.
Hue's Travels (Vol. viii., p. 516.). Not having
seen the Gardener's Chronicle, in which C. W. B.
says the travels of Messrs. Hue and Gabet in
Thibet, Tartary, &c. are said to be a pure fabri-
cation, concocted by some Parisian litterateur, I
cannot know what degree of credit, if any, is to
be given to such a statement. All I wish to com-
municate at present for the information of your
Querist C. W. B. is this, that I have read an
account and abstract of Messrs. Hue and Gabet's
Travels in one of the ablest and best conducted
French reviews, La Revue des Deux Mondes ; in
which not the least suspicion of fabrication is
hinted, or the slightest doubt expressed as to the
genuineness of these Travels. Mr. Princep, also,
in his work on Thibet, Tartary, &c. quotes largely
from Hue's Travels, and avails himself exten-
sively of the information contained in them with
reference to Buddhism, &c.
Should the writer in the Gardener's Chronicle
have it in his power to prove the Travels to be a
fabrication, he will confer a benefit on the world
of letters by unmasking the fabricator. J. M.
Oxford.
Pictures at Hampton Court Palace (Vol. viii.,
p. 538.). In reply to <J>.'s question when the
review of the 10th Light Dragoons by King
20
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
George III., after the Prince of Wales assumed
the command of that regiment, I beg to state that
the Prince entered the army as brevet-colonel,
Nov. 19, 1782; that the regiment received the
title of " The Prince of Wales's own Regiment of
Light Dragoons" on Michaelmas Day, 1783: that
the regiment was stationed in the south of England
and in the vicinity of London for many years,
from 1790 to 1803 inclusive; and that King
George III. repeatedly reviewed it, accompanied
by the queen and the royal family. That the
Prince of Wales was appointed Colonel-command-
ant of the corps in 1793, and succeeded Sir W.
A. Pitt as colonel of it in July 18, 1796. That
the regiment was reviewed on Hounslow Heath
by the King in August, 1799 ; and the Prince of
Wales (who commanded it in person) received
his Majesty's orders to convey his Majesty's ap-
probation of its excellent appearance and per-
formance. Perhaps the picture by Sir William
Beechey was painted in 1799, and not 1798. I
did not find the catalogue at Hampton Court free
from errors, when I last visited the palace] in
October, 1852. M. A.
Pembroke College, Oxon.
John Waugh (Vol. viii., pp. 271. 400. 525.).
Does KARLEOLENSIS know whether John Waugh,
son of Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle, was married,
and to whom ?
Farther information of the above family would
be most acceptable, and thankfully acknowledged,
by George Waugh, of the family of the Waughs
of Oulton and Lofthouse, Yorkshire.
Exeter.
Daughters taking their Mothers' Names (Vol. viii.,
p. 586.). When BURIENSIS asks for instances of
this, and mentions " Alicia, daughter of Ada," as
an example, is he not mistaking, or following some
one else who has mistaken, the gender of the
parent's name ? Alicia JiL Ada would be ren-
dered ** Alice Fitz-Adam," unless there be any-
thing in the context to determine the gender
otherwise. J. SANSOM.
*' Service is no Inheritance" (Vol. viii., p. 586.).
This proverbial saying has evidently arisen from
the old manorial right, under which the lord of
the manor claimed suit and service and fealty
before admitting the heir to his inheritance, or
the purchaser to his purchase. On which occasion,
the party admitted to the estate, whether pur-
chaser or heir, "rfecit fidelitatem suarn et solvit
relevium;" the relief being generally a year's
rent or service. ANON.
Sir Christopher Wren and the young Carver
(Vol. viii., p. 340.). If your correspondent A. H.
has not already appropriated the anecdote here
alluded to, I think I can confidently refer him to
any biographical notice of Grindling Gibbons to
whom the story of the "Sow and Pigs" relates.
Gibbons was recommended to Sir Christopher by
Evelyn, I think ; but not having " made a note of
it," I am not sure that it is to be found in his
Diary* If there be any monograph Life of
Gibbons, it can scarcely fail to be found there.
M. (2)
Souvaroff's Despatch (Vol. viii., p. 490.).
Souvaroff's doggerel despatch from Ismail, im-
mortalised by Byron, is, as usual, misspelt and
mistranslated. Allow me to furnish you with what
I have never yet seen in English, a correct version
of it:
" Slava Bogou, slava Vam ;
Krepost vziala, ee ya tarn."
" Glory to God, glory to You,
The fortress is taken, and I am there."
DMITRI ANDREEF.
Detached Church Towers (Vol. viii., p. 63.).
In the lists I have seen no mention is made of the
fine tower of West Walton Church, which stands
at a distance of nearly twenty yards from the
body of the church. W. B. D.
Lynn.
Queen Anne's Motto (Vol. viii., p. 174.). The
Historical Society of Pennsylvania is in possession
of an English coat of arms, painted on wood in
the time of Queen Anne, having " Anna R." at
the top, and the motto Semper eadcm on the scroll
below. It probably was in one of the Philadelphia
court-rooms, and was taken down at the Revo-
lution. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
Lawyers' Bags (Vol. vii. passim). The
communication of MR. KERSLEY, in p. 557., al-
though it does not support the inference which
COL. LANDMAN draws, that the colour of lawyers*
bags was changed in consequence of the unpopu-
larity which it acquired at the trial of Queen
Caroline, seems to show that green was at one
time the colour of those professional pouches.
The question still remains, "when and on what
occasion it was discontinued ; and when the pur-
ple, and when the crimson, were introduced ?
When I entered the profession (about fifty
years ago), no junior barrister presumed to carry
a bag in the Court of Chancery, unless one had
been presented to him by a king's counsel ; who,
when a junior was advancing in practice, took an
opportunity of complimenting him on his increase
of business, and giving him his own bag to carry
home his papers. It was then a distinction to
carry a bag, and a proof that a junior was rising
[* See Evelyn's Diary, vol. ii. pp. 53, 54., edition
1850. ED.]
JAN. 7. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
21
in liis profession. I do not know whether the
same custom prevailed in the other courts.
CAUSIDICUS
In this city (Philadelphia) lawyers formerly
carried green bags. The custom has declined of
late years among the members of the legal pro
fession, and it has been taken up by journeymen
boot and shoe makers, who thus carry their work
to and from the workshop. A green bag is now
the badge of a cordwainer in this city. 2!2H.
Philadelphia.
Bust of Luther (Vol. viii., p. 335.). MR. J. G.
FITCH asks for information respecting a bust of
Luther, with an inscription, on the wall of a house,
in the Dom Platz at Frankfort on the Maine. I
have learned, through a German acquaintance,
who has resided the greater part of his life in that
city, that the effigy was erected to commemorate
the event of Luther's having, during a short stay
in Frankfort, preached near that spot ; and that
the words surrounding the bust were his text on
the occasion. He adds that Luther at no period
of his life " lived for some years" at Frankfort, as
stated by Ma. FITCH. ALFRED SMITH.
Grammar in relation to Logic (Vol. viii.,
pp. 514. 629.). H. C. K.'s remarks are of course
indisputable. But it is a mistake to suppose that
they answer my Query. In fact, had your cor-
respondent taken the trouble to consider the
meaning of my Query, he could not have failed to
perceive that the explanation I there gave of the
function of the conjunction in logic, is the same
as his. My Query had sole reference to grammar.
I would also respectfully suggest that anonymous
correspondents should not impute " superficial
views," or any other disagreeable thing, to those
who stand confessed, without abandoning the
pseudonym. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
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22
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
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Knowledge. No. XLI1I. (December, 1835), containing Adam
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to
Among other interesting communications intended for our
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space to postpone until next week, are MR. GUTCH'S Paper on
Griffin and his Fidessa, MR. D'ALTON'S on James II. 's Irish
Army List, and DR. DIAMOND'* on The Advantages of Small
Photographs.
CESTRIENSIS. We have a letter for (his Correspondent; where
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EIRIONNACH. The letter for this Correspondent has been for-
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W. J. L. The Merry Llyd or Hewid has already formed the
subject of some notices in our columns: see Vol. i., pp. 173. 315. ;
Vol. vi., p. 410. We should be glad to have any satisfactory ex-
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J. E. (Sampford) is informed that there is no charge for the
insertion of Queries, S;c. Will he oblige us by describing the com-
munications to which he refers ?
F. S. A., who asks the origin of tick,
pp. 357. 409. 502.
referred to Vol. iii.,
IGNORANT. The Staffordshire Knot is the badge or cognizance
of the Earls of Stafford ; see Vol. viii., p. 454.
J. S. A. will find the information he desires respecting the
Extraordinary North Briton in a valuable communication from
MR. CROSSLEY, " N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 432.
INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH. This is in a very forward
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MONDAY, January 9, 1 854, and Three follow-
ing Days, at 1 o'clock precisely, an Important
COLLECTION of RARE BOOKS, Books of
Prints, Illuminated and Historical Manu-
scripts, from the Library of a distinguished
Amateur, deceased : comprising, The Grand
Work on Egypt, executed under the munifi-
cent direction of Napoleon I., the original
edition on vellum paper, 23 vols. ; The Beau-
tiful and Interesting Series of Picturesque
Voyages by Nodier, Taylor, and De Cailleux ;
Barker, Webb et Berthelot, Histoire Naturelle
des lies Canaries, a magnificent work, in 10
vols. with exquisitely coloured plates ; Algerie,
Historique, Pittoresque et Monumentale,
5 vols. in 3 ; Le Vaillant, Histoire Naturelle
des Oiseaux, on vellum paper, the plates beau-
tifully coloured, 3 vols. ; Melling, Voyage
Pittoresque de Constantinople, 2 vols. in 1 ;
Montfaucon, Antiquite Expliqute, avec Sup-
ple"ment et les Monumens de la Monarchic
FranSoise, 20 vols., a most beautiful copy, in
morocco, of the best edition, on large paper ;
Sebse Rerum Naturalium Thesaurus, 4 vols.,
an exceedingly choice copy in rich French
morocco ; Museum Worsleyanum, 2 vols., on
large paper ; Shaw, Illuminated Ornaments,
on large paper, the plates exquisitely illu-
minated in gold and colours ; Beroalde de
Verville, Le Moyen de Parvenir, a very fine
copy of the rarest Elzevir edition ; Cieza,
Historic del Peru, 1560-64, rare ; Boccaccio, II
Decamerone, Ven. 1492, extremely rare ; Con-
solat dels Fets Maritime, very rare ; Denyaldi,
Rollo Northmanno-Britannicus, fine copy,
and very scarce ; Henninges. Theatrum Gene-
alogicum, 4 vols. in 5 ; Le Merre, R. cueil des
Notes concernant les Affaires du Clerg de
France, 13 vols., a beautiful copy ; Mandeville,
Le Grande Lapidaire, 1561, an extremely rare
edition ; Renversement de la Morale Chn'-
tienne, rare ; Verheiden in Classem Xerxis
Hispani Oratio, very rare ; Rare Works re-
lating to England ; Books of Emblems ; A
curious and interesting Volume in German,
giving an Account of the Crusades against the
Turks by the Christians, printed byBamler,
in 1482 ; Some highly interesting Historical
and other Manuscripts ; Finely illuminated
Horaj and Missals ; and an interesting Frag-
ment in the Autograph of Rousseau.
To be viewed Two Days prior, and Cata-
logues had ; forwarded Free on receipt of Six
Postage Stamps,
PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARA-
1 PURE CHE -
KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue,
containing Description and Price of the best
forms of Cameras andother Apparatus. Voight-
lander and Son's Lenses for Portraits and
Views, together with the various Materials,
and pure Chemical Preparations required in
practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded
free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
Instructions given in every branch of the. Art.
An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and
other Photographic Specimens.
GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane,
London.
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 219.
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NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
FOR
LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC,
M When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
No. 220.]
SATURDAY, JANUARY 14. 1854.
("Price Fourpence.
I Stamped Edition, 5<f,
CONTENTS.
.NOTES : _ Page
Griffin's "Fidessa," and Shakspeare's
" Passionate Pilgrim" - - -27
Caps at Cambridge - - - - 27
Letters of Eminent Literary Men, by
Sir Henry Ellis - - - - 28
Newspaper Folk Lore - - - 29
King James's Irish Army List of 1689-90,
by John D'Alton - - - - 30
MINOR NOTES : Authors and Publishers
Inscriptions on old Pulpits Recent
Curiosities of Literature Assuming
Names False Dates in \Vater-inarks
of Papers ..... 31
'QUERIES !
Ca plain Farre - - - - 32
Marriage Ceremony in the Fourteenth
Century - - - - - 33
Manuscript Catena - - - - 33
MINOR QUERIES ; Jews and Egyptians
Skin-flint - Garlic Sunday Custom
of the Corporation of London G na-
ral Stokes Rev. Philip Morant The
"Position of Suffragan Bishops in Con-
vocation Cambridge Mathematical
Questions Crabbe MSS. Tilly, an
Officer of the Courts at Westminster
Mr. Gye Three Fleurs-de-Ly a The
Commons of Ireland previous to the
Union i n 1 801 " Al 1 Holyday at Peck-
ham " Arthur de Vere Master of
the Nails Nattochiis and Calehanti
" Ned o' the Todding " - - - 34
MINOR QCFRIES WITH ANSWERS :
Bridget Cromwell and Fleetwood
Culet ..... 36
The Asteroids or recently discovered
Lesser Planets, by the Rev. H. Walter 36
Emblematic Meanings of Precious Stoi es
Planets of the Months symbolised by
Precious Stones, by W. Pinkerton - 37
Non-recurring Diseases -
Milton's Widow, by J. F. Marsh - -
Table-turning, by J. Macray - -
Celtic Etymology - - - -
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : The
Calotype Process : curling up of Paper
Turner's Paper A Practical Photo-
graphic Query - - - -
IREPLiKS TO MINOR QOERIES : "Service
is no Inheritance" Francis Browne
Catholic Bible S >ciety _ Legal Cus-
toms Silo Laurie on Finance _
David's Mother Anagram Passage
,in Sophocles -B.L.M.-" The For-
lorn Hope " Two Brothers of the
snme Christian Name Passage in
Watson Derivation of " Mammet "
Ampers and -Misapplication of Terms
Belle Sanvage Arms of Geneva
Arabian Nights' Entertainments"
Richard I. Lord Clarendon and the
Tnbwoman Oaths _ Double Chris-
tian Names Chip in Porridge Cla-
rence Dukedom Prospectuses, &c. -
31 JSCELLANEOT'S :
Notes on Books, Jfec. -
Books and Odd Volumes wanted
.Notices to Correspondents -
VOL. IX. No. 220.
. 45
- 46
-45
SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL
SOCIETY.
PRESIDENT His Grace the Duke of Norfolk.
Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are
informed that Copies of the Rules, List of
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On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee
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GEORGE BISH WEBB,
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stitution, Hofwyl, Switzerland.
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26
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
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Continuation of his Historj of the urand Re-
bellion.
*** In these editions the Original Manu-
script of the noble author, rleiionited in the
Bodleian Library, has been followed through-
out, the suppre.-ised asi'ages have been restored,
and the interpolations made by the first editor
have been rejected. The public, therefoie, are
now in possession of the genuine text of this
important work.
OXFORD: AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Sold by JOHN HENRY PABKKR, Oxford,
and 377. Strand : and E. GARDNER, 7. Pa-
ternoster Row, London.
Now ready, in 12mo., price 3s.
THE IPHIGENIA in TAURIS
of EURIPIDES, explained by F. G.
SOIGNE. Translated from the Grrman by the
REV. HENRY BROWNE M.A.. Canon of
Chichester. (Forming a New Volume of
ARNOLD'S SCHOOL CLASSICS.)
Lately published, in this Series,
the following PLAYS of EURIPIDES, edited,
with ENGLISH NOTTS, by the REV. T. K.
ARNOLD, M. A., and the RE V.H. BROWNE,
M.A.
1. MEDEA. -2. BACCHJE
3. HIPPOLYTUS. - 4. HECUBA. Price 3s.
each.
RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.
PULLEYN'S COMPENDIUM.
One Volume, crown 8vo., bound in cloth,,
price f.s.
THE ETYMOLOGICAL COM-
L PENDIUM : or. PORTFOLIO OF
ORIGINS AND INVENTIONS: relating to
Language, Litera'ure. and Government.
Architecture ami Sculpture.
Drama, Music, Painting, and Scientific Disco-
veries.
Articles of Dress, &c.
Titles. Dignities, &e.
Names, Trades, Professions.
Parliament, Laws, &-c.
Universities and Religious Sects.
Epithets and Phrases.
Remarkable Customs.
Games. Field Sports.
Seasons, Months, and Days of the Week.
Remarkable Localities, &c. &c.
By WILLIAM PULLEYN.
The Third Edition, revised and improved,
By MERTON A. THOMS, E>Q.
"The additions to this book indicate the
editor to be his father's own son. He deals in
folk lore, chronicles old customs and popular
sayincrs, and has an eye to all things curious
and note-worthy. Thp book tells every thing.' r
Gentleman's Magazine.
" The book contains avast amount of curious
information and useful memoranda." Lite-
rary Gazette.
" An invaluable manual of amusement and:
information." Morning Chronicle.
" This is a work of great practical usefulness.
It is a Notes and Queries in mi' iature. . . .
The revision which the present edition of it has
undergone has greatly enhanced its original
value. -Era. -
London : WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
85. Queen Street, Cheapside.
JAX. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
27
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 14, 1854.
GRIFFIN'S " FID ESS A," AND SIIAKSPEARE'S " PAS-
SIONATE PILGRIM."
I am the fortunate possessor of a thin volume,
entitled Fidessa, Collection of Sonnets, by
B. Griffin, reprinted 1811, from the edition of
1596, at the Chiswick Press; I presume, by the
monogram at the end, by Mr. S. W. Singer.
The title of the original edition is Fidessa, more
Chaste then Kinde, by B. Griffin, Gent, at London,
printed by the Widdow Orwin, for Matthew
Lownes, 1596.
The advertisement prefixed by Mr. Singer to
the reprint states, that the original is one of the
rarest of those that appeared at the period in which
it is dated ; that he is not aware of the existence
of more than two copies, from one of which the
reprint is taken, and that the other was in the
curious collection of the late Mr. Malone.
Besides the rarity of Fidessa, Mr. Singer states
that it claims some notice from the curious reader
on account of a very sti iking resemblance between
Griffin's third sonnet, and one of Shakspeare's, in
his Passionate Pilgrim (Sonnet ix.).
I will transcribe both sonnets, taking Griffin's
first, as it bears the earliest date.
" Venus, and yong Adonis sitting by her,
Under a myrtle shade began to woo him :
She told the yong-ling how god Mars did trie her,
And as he fell to her, so fell she to him.
4 Even thus,' quoth she, 'the wanton god embrac'd
me,'
And then she clasp'd Adonis in her armes.
'Even thus,' quoth she, 'the warlike god unlac'd
me,'
As if the boy should use like loving charms.
But lie, a wayward boy, refusde her offer,
And ran away, the beautious Queene neglecting:
Showing both tolly to abuse her proffer,
A nil all his sex of cowardise detecting.
Oh ! that I had my mistris at that bay,
To kisse and clippe me till I ranne away !"
Sonnet in., from Fidessa.
41 Fair* Venus, with Adonis sitting by her,
Under a myrtle shade, began to woo him ;
She told the youngling how god Mars did try her,
And as he fell to her, she fell to him.
4 Even thus,' quoth she, 4 the warlike god embrac'd
me,'
And then she clipp'd Adonis in her arms :
4 Even thus,' quoth she, ' the warlike god unlac'c
me,'
As if the hoy should use like loving charms :
* The early copies read " Venus, with Adonis sitting
by her ; " the defective word was added at Dr. Farmer'
suggestion. Had he seen a copy of Fidessa, the tru
reading might perhaps have been restored. (Note by
Mr. Singer.)
Even thus,' quoth she, 'he seized on my lips,'
And with her lips on his did act the seizure ;
And as she fetched breath, away he skips,
And would not take her meaning nor her pleasure.
Ah ! that I had my lady at this bay,
To kiss and clip me till I run away !"
Sonnet ix., from Shakspeare's Passionate Pilgrim.
That the insertion of Griffin's sonnet in the Pas-
ionate Pilgrim was without Shakspeare's consent
>r knowledge, is in my opinion evident for many
easons.
I have long been convinced that the Passionate
Pilgrim was published surreptitiously ; and al-
though it bears Shakspeare's name, the sonnets
and ballads of which it is composed were several
of them taken from his dramas, and added to by
selections from the poems of his cotemporaries,
Raleigh, Marlow, and others ; that it was a book-
seller's job, made up for sale by the publisher,
W. Jaggard.
No one can believe that Shakspeare would have
been guilty of such a gross plagiarism. Griffin's
Fidessa bears date 1596 : the first known edi-
tion of the Passionate Pilgrim was printed for
W. Jaggard, 1599. It has no dedication to any
patron, similar to Shakspeare's other poems, the
Venus and Adonis, the Rape of Lucre ce, and the
Sonnets; and why it bears the title of the Pas-
sionate- Pilgrim no one has ascertained.
But I am losing sight of the object I had in
view when I took up my pen, which was, through
the medium of "N. & Q.," to request any of its
readers to furnish me with any particulars of
B. Griffin, the author of Fidessa.
Mr. Singer supposes him to have been of a
Worcestershire family : as he addresses his " poore
pamphlet" for patronage to the gentlemen of the
Innes of Court, he might probably have been bred
to the law.
Perhaps your correspondents CUTHBERT BEDE,
or MR. NOAKE, the Worcestershire rambler, might
in their researches into vestry registers and parish
documents, find some notice of the family. I am
informed there was a gentleman of the name
resident in our college precincts early in the
present century, that he was learned and respected,
but very eccentric. J. M. G.
Worcester.
CAPS AT CAMBRIDGE.
At the congregation in the Senate House at
Cambridge, Nov. 23, presided over by the Prince
Chancellor, it was observed that the undergra-
duates in the galleries (for want I suppose of an
obnoxious Vice-Chancellor or Proctor upon whom
to vent their indignation) poured it forth in yells
and groans upon those members of the senate who
kept on their hats or caps. The same has been
done on several former occasions. It probably
28
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
arises from a mistake, in ascribing to the gaucherie
of individuals what is really the observance of a
very ancient custom. The following extract, from
an unpublished MS. of the middle (I think) of
the seventeenth century, in which the custom is
incidentally noticed, will serve for a confirmation
of what I say :
" When I was regent, the whole house of congre-
gation joyncd together in a petition to the Earle of
Pembroke to restore unto us the jus pileorum, the
licence of putting on our cappes at our publicke meet-
ings ; which priviledge time and the tyrannic of our
vicechancellours had taken from us. Amongst other
motives, we use the solemne forme of creating a M r in
the Acte by putting on his cappe, and that that signe
of libertie might distinguish us which were the Regents
from those boyes which wee were to governe, which
request he graciouslie granted."
This was written by an M.A. of Oxford. At
Cambridge we have not hitherto had such haughty
despots in authority, to trample upon our rights ;
but we seem to be in danger of losing our jus pile.-
orum through "the tyrannic," not of our Vice-
Chancellors, but " of those boyes which wee are
to governe." A REGENT M.A. OF CAMBRIDGE.
Lincoln's Inn.
LETTERS OF EMINENT LITERARY MEN.
(Continued from p. 8.)
IV.
Dr. John Ward, Professor of GresJiarn College, to
Dr. Gary, Bishop of Clonfert.
[MS. Donat., Brit. Mus., 6226, p. 16.]
My Lord,
While there was any expectation of your Lord-
ship's speedy return to England, I forbore to con-
gratulate you on your late promotion. For though
none of your friends could more truly rejoice at
this news than I did, both on your own account,
and that of the public ; yet in the number of com-
pliments which I was sensible you must receive on
that occasion, I chose rather to be silent for fear
of being troublesome. But as I find it is now-
uncertain, when your affairs may permit of your
return hither, I could not omit this opportunity
by your good Lady to express my hearty congra-
tulation upon the due regard shown by the Govern-
ment to your just merit ; and shall think it an
honour to be continued in your esteem as ultimus
amicorum. fc
I doubt not but* your Lordship has seen Mr.
Horsley's Britannia Romano, advertised in some of
our public Papers ; but I know not whether you
have heard that the author died soon after he had
finished the work, before its publication. When it
was hoped that the credit of this book might have
been of some service to him and his large family,
he was suddenly and unexpectedly taken off by
an Apoplexy. Such is the uncertainty of all
human affairs. That your Lordship may be long
preserved in your high station for the good of the
Protestant Religion, and the support of public
liberty, are the sincere wishes of,
My Lord,
Your Lordship's obed* Serv*.
JOHN WARD.
Gresham College,
April 24, 1732.
V.
Mr. Michael Mattaire to the Earl of Oxford.
1736, Oct. 21. Orange Street.
My Lord,
After my most humble thanks for the continu-
ation of Westminster Elections' you was so kind
as to give me, I must acquit myself of my promise ;
and therefore I herewith send your Lordship a
copy transcrib'd exactly from the MS. given me
by Dr. South himself of his verses upon West-
minster School, with his name, and the year sub-
scribed at bottom. They were indeed publish'd
among his Opera Posthuma Latina Anon. 1717, by
Curl, after his impudent way of dealing with dead
authors' works ; and sometimes also with those of
the living.
Curl's printed copy differs from the MS. in these
following places :
Curl MS.
Vers. 5. Multum. Late.
16. Et. dum.
21. ubi regnat. quod regnet.
23. aemula. scmula, but over it ardua.
25. dirigit. digerit.
26. nitent. micant.
29. studiosae. studiosa.
30. ilia. ipsa.
33. lumen. Lucem.
Your Lordship by this may see how much this
sawcy fellow has abused this learned man's fine
copy of verses ; and how justly he deserved the
correction which was inflicted on him at that
school.
By the tenth Distich it appears that the School
(containing then Tercentum juvenes) was managed
by three Masters onely : and, for aught we know,
might flourish pretty well, though it had not twice
that number.
Give me leave, my Lord, to subscribe myself
with profound respect,
Your Honor/ 1 s
most oblig'd, most obedient,
and most humble Serv*.
M. MAITTAIRE.
"IN INCLYTAM SCHOLAM REGIAM WESTMONASTERIENSEM.
Reginne funclata manu, Regina scholarum ;
Quam Virgo extruxit, Musaq; Virgo colit.
JAN. H. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
29
Inconfusa Babel, linguis et mole superba j
Celsior et fama, quam fuit ilia situ.
Gentibus et linguis late celebrata ; tacere
De qua nulla potest, nee satis ulla loqui.
Opprobria exuperans, pariterq; encomia : Linguis
Et tot laudari digna, quot ipsa doces.
Haebranis Graecusq; uno cernuntur in Anglo ;
Qui puer hue Anglus venerat exit Arabs.
Tercentum hie florent juvenes : mihi mira videtur
Tarn numerosa simul, tam quoque docta cohors,
Sic numero bonitas, numerus bonitate relucet j
Ut Stellas pariter lux numerusq; decet.
Arte senes, annis pueros mirabitur hospes ;
Dtim stupet, in pueris nil puerile videns.
Consurgit, crescitq; puer, velut Hydra sub ictu;
Florescitq; suis saspe rigatus aquis.
Stat regimen triplici fasces moderante magistro ;
Doctaq; Musarum regna Triumvir habet.
Scilicet has inter sedes quod regnet Apollo,
Optime Apollineus comprobat ille Tripos.
ardua
Sic super invidiam sese effert asmula ; nullis
Invida, sed cunctis invidiosa scholis.
Inde in septenas se digerit ordine classes;
Disposit^, septem, qua? velut Astrae, mi cant.
Discit et Authores propria inter mcenia natos ;
Et generosa libros, quos legit, ipsa parit.
Instar Araneolai Studiosa has exhibet artes;
Quas de visceribus texuit ipsa suis.
Literulas docet hie idem Preceptor et Author,
Idem discipulis Bibliotheca suis.
Accipit hie lucem, non ultra caecus, Homerus :
Hue vcnit a Scythicis Naso reversus agris.
Utraq; divitijs nostris Academia crescit ;
Hajc Schola ad implendas sufficit una duas.
Sic Fons exiguus binos excurrit in Amnes :
Parnassi geminus sic quoque surgit Apex.
Huic collata igitur, quantum ipsa Academia prccstat :
Die, precor ; Ha?c doctos accipit, Ilia facit.
ROB. SOUTH.
Ann. Dom. 1652,
aut 1653."
[MS. Harl. 7025, fols. 184, 185.]
VI.
The Earl of Orrery to Mr., afterwards Dr.
Thomas Birch.
[Addit. MS., Brit. Mus., 4303, Art. 147.
Caledon, Sept. 21, 1748.
Dear Sir,
It either is, or seems to be, a long time since I
heard from you. Perhaps you are writing the
very same sentence to me ; but as the loss is on
my side, you must give me leave to complain.
This summer has passed away in great idleness
and feasting : so that I have scarce looked into a
book of any sort. Mrs. Pilkington and Con.
Philips, however, have not escaped me. I was
obliged to read them to adapt myself to the con-
versation of my neighbours, who have talked upon
no other topic, notwithstanding the more glorious
subjects of Peace, and LordAnson's voyage. The
truth is, we are better acquainted with the stile of
Con. and Pilky, than with the hard names and
distant places that are mentioned in the Voyage
round the World.
I have not peeped into the Anti-Lucretius : it
is arrived at Caledon, and reserved for the longest
evenings. Carte's voluminous History is weighing
down one of my shelves. He likewise is postponed
to bad weather, or a fit of the gout. Last week
brought us the first Number of Con's second
volume. She goes on triumphantly, and is very
entertaining. Her sister Pilkington is not so for-
tunate. She has squandered away the money she
gained by her first volume, and cannot print her
second. But from you, I hope to hear of books of
another sort. A thin quarto named Louthiana is
most delicately printed, and the cuts admirably
engraved : and yet we think the County of Louth
the most devoid of Antiquities of any County in
Ireland. The County of Corke is, I believe, in
the press ; and I am told it will be well executed.
I have seen the County of Waterford, and approve
of it very much. These kind of Books are owing
to an Historical Society formed at Dublin, and of
great use to this kingdom, which is improving in
all Arts and Sciences very fast : tho' I own to you,
the cheapness of French Claret is not likely to
add much at present to the encrease of literature.
If all true Hibernians could bring themselves to be
of your opinion and Pindar's, the glorious memory
of King William might keep the head cool, and
still warm the heart ; but, alas, it sets both on fire :
and till these violent fits of bacchanalian loyalty
are banished from our great tables, I doubt few
of us shall ever rise higher in our reading than
the Memoirs of that kind I first mentioned.
I am, Dear Sir, and so is all my family, truly
Yours,
ORRERY.
To the Rev. Mr. Thomas Birch,
at his House in
Norfolk Street,
London.
Free (Boyle).
NEWSPAPER FOLK LORE.
The following paragraph is now going the round
of the newspapers without reference to the source
of information. I copy it from the Morning
Chronicle of Friday, December 9.
" Escape of a Snake from a Man's Mouth. An ex-
traordinary circumstance occurred a few days ago to
Jonathan Smith, gunner's mate, who was paid off at
Portsmouth on the 6th of May last, from her Majesty's
ship Hastings, 72 guns, on her return to England from
the East Indies. He obtained six weeks' leave. On
the expiration of that time, after seeing his friends at
Chatham, he joined the Excellent, gunnery-ship at
Portsmouth. After some time he was taken unwell,
30
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 220.
his illm-ss increased, and he exhibited a swelling in his
stomach and limbs. The surgeon considering that it
arose from dropsy, he was removed into Haslar Hos-
pital, and after much painful suffering, although he had
every attention paid to him by the medical officers of
the establishment, he died. Two hours before his
death a living snake, nine inches in length, came out of
his mouth, causing considerable surprise. How the
reptile got into his stomach is a mystery. It is sup-
posed that the deceased must have swallowed the
reptile when it was young, drinking water when the
Hastings was out in India, as the ship laid for some
time at Trincomalee, and close to a small island called
Snake Island. The crew used very often to find snakes
on board. The way they used to get into the ship was
by the cable, and through the hawsers into the fore-
castle. The deceased was forty years of age. He was
interred in Kingston churchyard. His remains were
followed to the grave by the ship's company of the
Excellent."
The proverbial wisdom of the serpent is here
clearly exemplified. It lias long been well known
among sailors that rats have the sense to change
their quarters when a vessel becomes cranky ;
whence I believe arises the epithet " rat," which
is sometimes scurrilously applied to a politic man
who removes to the opposition benches when he
perceives symptoms of dissolution in tl*e ministry.
The snake, in the simple narrative above quoted,
was evidently guided by some such prudential
motive when he quitted the stomach of the dying
sailor, which could not continue for any great
length of time to afford protection and support to
the cunning reptile.
I have an amiable friend who habitually swallows
with avidity the tales of sea-serpents which are
periodically imported into this country on American
bottoms, and I have sufficient credulity myself to
receive, without 'strict examination into evidence,
the account of the swarming of the snakes up the
cables into a ship ; but I cannot so readily believe
that " considerable surprise " was caused in the
mind of any rational biped by the fact that a
living snake, which had attained to the length of
nine inches, took the very natural precaution to
come out of a dying man's mouth.
How the reptile got into his stomach is a
mystery which the newspaper writer lias attempted
to clear up, but he has not attempted to explain
how the reptile managed to live during many
months in so unusual a habitation as a man's
stomach.
Some obliging correspondent of " N. & Q." will
perhaps have the kindness to explain this remark-
able fact in natural history. A LONDONER.
KING JAMES S IRISH ARMY LIST OP 1689-90.
In last September I undertook a literary pro-
ject, which I think could be greatly aided through
the medium of " N. & Q.," as there 'are few families
in the empire that are not connected with its de-
tails, and who might therefore be expected to feel
interested in them. The project I allude to is a
publication of King James's Irish Army List of
1689.-90. King I must call him in reference to
that list. Those that appear upon it were many
his creedmen, and all his devoted adherents. The
list, of which I have a copy in MS., extends over
thirty-four pages octavo. The first two are filled
with the names of all the colonels ; the four en-
suing are rolls of the regiments of horse ; the four
next, of the dragoons; and the remaining twenty-
four record the foot : each regiment being ar-
ranged, with the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and
major at head, and the captains, lieutenants, cor-
nets or ensigns, and quarter-masters, in columns,
on each respectively. To every regiment I pro-
posed to append notices, historic and genealogical,
to the extent of, perhaps, eight hundred pages or
more, for the compilation of which I have ample
materials in my own MS. collections. These no-
tices I propose to furnish under him of the name
who ranks highest on the list ; and all the scat-
tered officers of that name will be collected in that
one article.
After an especial and full notice of such officer,
to whom the family article is attach jd, his parent-
age, individual achievements, descendants, &c.,
each illustration will briefly glance at the gene-
alogy of that family, with, if an Irish sept, its
ancient localities ; if an English or Scotch, the
county from whence it branched, and the period
when it settled here.
I would next identify each family, so illustrated,
with its attainders and forfeitures in 1641 ;
With the great Assembly of Confederate Ca-
tholics at Kilkenny in 1646 ;
With the persons denounced by name in Crom-
well's ordinance of 1652, "for settling Ireland ;"
With the declaration of royal gratitude to the
Irish exiles who served King Charles II. "in parts
beyond the seas," as contained in the Act of Ex-
planation of 1665 ;
With (if space allowable) those advanced by
James II. to civil offices, as sheriffs, &c., or mem-
bers of his new corporations ;
With those who represented Irish counties or
boroughs in the Parliament of Dublin in 1689 ;
With the several outlawries and confiscations of
1691, &c.;
With the claims that were subsequently (in
1703) preferred as charges on these forfeitures,
and how far allowed or dismissed ;
And, lastly, as far as attainable, their achieve-
ments in the glorious engagements of the Spanish
and French Brigades :
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
31
All statements throughout being verified by
authorities.
Already have I compiled and arranged the ma-
terials for illustrating the eight regiments of horse
upon this roll, viz. Tyrconnel's, Galmoy's, Sars-
field's, Abercom's, Luttrell's, Sutherland's, Par-
ker's, and Purcell's ; a portion of the work in
which, according to my plan, the illustrations will
be appropriated to the families of
Aylmer. Lawless. Prendergast.
- Barnewall. Luttrell. Purcel.
Butler. Matthews. Redmond.
Callaghan. M'Donnell. Rice.
Cusack. M'Namara. Roche.
De Courcy. Meara. Sarsfield.
Dempsey. Morris. Sheldon.
Everard. Nagle. Synnott.
Gernon. O'Sullivan. Talbot.
Hamilton. O'Kelly. c. &c.
Kearney. Plunket.
And this section (about 100 pages) is open to
inspection on appointment.
The above is but a tithe of the surnames whose
genealogical illustrations I propose to furnish.
The succeeding portions of the work, comprising
six. regiments of Dragoons, and upwards of fifty
of Foot, will offer for notice, besides numerous
septs of the O's and Mac's, the Anglo-Irish names
of
Barry.
Bellew.
Bermingham.
Burke.
Cheevers.
Cruise.
D'Alton.
Daly.
D'Arcy.
Dillon.
Dowdall.
Eustace.
Fagan.
Fitz Gerald.
Fitz Maurice.
Fitz Patrick.
Fleming.
Grace.
Keatinge.
Lacy.
Nangle.
Netterville.
Nugent.
Power.
Preston.
Russell.
Savage.
Segrave.
Taaffe.
Trant.
Tyrrel.
Wogan.
Cum multis aliis.
My inquiry touching Lord Dover, who heads
the List, has heretofore elicited much curious in-
formation ; and 1 confide that all who can afford
literary assistance to the undertaking, by let-
ters, inspection of documents, or otherwise, will
promptly communicate on the subject.
JOHN D'ALTON.
48. Summer Hill, Dublin.
Authors and Publishers. As " N. & Q." is,
I believe, much read by booksellers as well as
authors, would not both parties find great advan-
tage by the latter advertising in your pages the
completion and wished-for publication of any work
on which they may have been engaged ? Pub-
lishers, in this way, might hear of works which
they would be glad to bring before the public, and
authors be spared much unnecessary and often
useless trouble and correspondence. Authors, I
know, may feel some delicacy in coming before the
world in this manner before publication, although
after that rubicon is passed, their names and pro-
ductions are blazoned on all the winds ; but as a
previous announcement in " N. & Q." may be
made anonymously, as respects the name of the
writer, although not of course as regards the nature
of his work, there seems no just reason why honor-
able and beneficial arrangements may not be made
in this way as well as by any other. To nie this
plan seems to offer some' advantages, and I throw
out the hint for the consideration of all whom it
may concern.* ALPHA.
Inscriptions on old Pulpits. "N. & Q." has
given many kinds of inscriptions, from those on
Fonts and Door-heads down to those on Watch-
papers ; perhaps, therefore, it may not be without
its use or interest to make a beginning for a list
of inscriptions on old pulpits. The first inscrip-
tion I quote is from Richard Baxter's pulpit, of
which 1 have given a full description in Vol. v.,
p. 363. :
1. Kidderminster. Baxter's pulpit (now pre-
served in the vestry of the Unitarian Chapel).
On the panels of the pulpit :
"ALICE . DAWKX , WIDOW . GAVE . THIS."
On the front of the preacher's desk :
" PRAISE . THE . LORD."
Round the sounding-board :
" O . GIVE . THANKS . UNTO . THE . LORD' . AND . CALL
UPOX . HIS . NAME . DECLARE . HIS . WORSHIP
AMONG . THI . PEOPLE."
At the back of the pulpit :
"ANNO . 1621."
2. Suckley, Worcestershire; round the sound-
ing-board (apparently of very old date) :
"BLESSED . ARE . THEY. THAT . HEAR . THE . WORDE . or
GOD . AND . KEEPE . IT."
3. Broadwas, Worcestershire ; on the panels :
" WILLIAM . NOXON . AND . ROGER . PRINCE . C . W . 1632."
Round the sounding-board, the same text as at
Suckley. CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Recent Curiosities of Literature. Thackeray,
in the second number of The Newcomes, describes
an old lady's death as being caused from her head
having been cut with a bed-room candle. N. P.
Willis, in his Health Trip to the Tropics, speaks
[* Any assistance which we can afford in carrying
out this suggestion, which we may remark cotnes from
one who has had practical experience on the subject,
we shall be most happy to render.
32
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
of being waited on by a Carib, who had " no beard
except a long moustache." Professor Spalding,
of St. Andrew's, in his History of English Litera-
ture, says that the sonnets of Wordsworth " have
a perfection hardly to be swpassed." And J.
Stanyan Bigg (the "new poet"), in the December
number of Hogg's Instructor, exclaims :
"The winter storms come rushing round the wall,
Like him who at Jerusalem shriek'd out ' Wo ! ' "
CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
Assuming Names. Last Term, in the Court of
Exchequer, application was made by counsel to
add a surname to the name of an attorney on the
roll; he having been left property with a wish
expressed that he should take the surname in
addition to his own, which he had done, but not
by royal license. The court granted the applica-
tion. (Law Times, vol. xxii. p. 123.) ANON.
False Dates in Water-marks of Papers. Lately,
in cutting up some paper for photographic pur-
poses, I found in one and the same quire two
sheets without any mark, two of the date 1851,
nine bearing the date 1853, and the remaining
eleven were 1854. I can imagine a case might
occur in which the authenticity of a document
might be much questioned were it dated 1853,
when the paper would be presumed not to have
been made until a year afterwards. I think this
is worth making a note of not only by lawyers,
but those interested in historical documents.
H. W. D.
Jan. 2, 1 854.
duertal.
CAPTAIN FARRE.
I send you a Note and a Query respecting the
fame person. Many years since, I passed a few
days in one of the wildest spots in the south of
England Hawkley, in the neighbourhood of Sel-
bourne. On a visit to the church of Emshott or
Empshot, I heard that the screen had been pre-
sented by a Captain Farre, whose memory was in
some way connected with the days of the republic ;
and on farther inquiry tradition, it appeared, had
come to the conclusion that Farre had been one
of the regicides who had retired into the neigh-
bourhood, and lived and died there in a sort of
concealment. I found out, also, the house in which
be had lived : a pretty modest cottage, in which
a small farmer resided. I was struck, on ap-
proaching it, by the beauty of the brick- work of
the little porch, which appeared to have been an
addition to the original building. On entering
the cottage, I found that the kitchen and bed-room
only were occupied by the family ; the one room,
which had been the sitting-room, being used as a
granary. The ceiling of this room was ponderous,
with a deep rich sunken panelling. The little
porch-entrance and the ceiling of this room were
so out of character with the cottage, and indeed
with all around, that I caused search to be made
in the Registers of the parish to see if I could
find some trace of this Captain Farre ; and I now
eend you the result. There was no regicide of
that name ; but Col. Phaer was one of those to-
whom the warrant for the execution of Charles
was addressed : and he certainly was not one of
the twenty-nine subsequently tried for the high
treason as it was called. What became of him I
know not. Whether he reappeared here as Capt.
Farre, or who Capt. Farre was, I shall leave to-
the speculation of the better informed. There
were many Farrs and Phaers out in the great
Revolution, and the name is sometimes spelt one
way, sometimes the other. Empshot, under Nore
Hill or Noah Hill, was certainly an excellent place
for concealment. The neighbourhood was, and is,,
as White said, " famous for its oaks, and infamous
for its roads."
Extract* from the Parish Registers.
" Captaine Farre of Nore, when our church was
repaired, gave the new silke cushion and pullpit cloath,
which was first use^ on Christmas Day, Anno Domini:
1664."
" 1683, Feb. 5. Anne Baker, kinswoman of Capt.
Farre, was buried, and that very day the moone was
new, and the snow thawed ; and the frost broke, which
had lasted from Nov. 26, 1683, to that day, which is
1 weeks. The ponds were frozen 2 feet, and that little
water which was, was not sweet ; the very grave wherein
she was buried in the church was froze almost 2 feet
over, and our cattel were in a bad case, and we fared
worse : and, just in our extremity, God had pitty on>
us, and sent a gracious raine and thaw. She was
buried in linnen ; and paid 50*. to the poore, and 6s. 8d.
for being buried in the church."
" 1685, April 1. Mrs. Farre was buried in linnen,
and p d 505. to the poore."
"1694. John, son of Mr. John Palmer and Eliza-
beth his wife, was born Tuesday, May the 1st, and
baptized at home May the llth; y e Captaine died
Thursday last, y* day before."
" An Account of the Briefe for the Relief of the French
Protestants, read May 16th, at Newton, 1686.
At Noare in Newton.
Capt. Mr. Robert Farre gave 1 lib. for himself, and
his kinswoman Mrs. Elizabeth Farre.
His man Roger - Is.
His maid Anna - - 6d."
" Gathered towards the relief of the French Pro-
testants, May 11, 1688 :
Captain Far and Mrs. Elizabeth Far, 5s."
C. F.
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
33
MARRIAGE CEREMONY IN THE FOURTEENTH
CENTURY.
Will some one of your correspondents (learned
in such matters) refer me to a work treating of
the marriage ceremony as performed in this
country during the fourteenth century, in order
to the explanation of the following passages, which
refer to an event in English history the mar-
riage of Edward I.'s daughter with the Count of
Holland ? The king's writ to the Bishop of Lon-
don speaks of the marriage as about to be cele-
brated on the day after the Epiphany, upon which
day (as shown by the Wardrobe Account) the ring
was put on ; but it was on the next day (the 8th)
that the princess " desponi fuit," as shown by the
same account.
In Rymer's Fcedera, vol. i. p. 850., will be found
a writ directed to the Bishop of London (and
others) as follows :
"Quia inter Comitem Holandiae et Elizabethan^
filiam nostram carissimam, matrimonium hac proxima
die Lunse, in crastino Epiphania, apud Gyppesivicura
solempnizari proponimus. Domino concedente," &c.
In the Household Book of King Edward I. for
the same year (Add. MS. 7965.) will be found
the following entries, p. 6. :
44 Oblat p'ticipdt. Terco die Januar in oblat pti-
cipatis ad Missam celebratam ad magnu altare ecclla
priorat' bi Pet in Gippewico die Nupciar Alienore de
Burgo vij.
" Pro Comitessa Holland. Eodem die (vij Januar)
in denar tarn positis sup libru qin jactatis iter homines
circumstantes ad hostium in introitu ecclle Magne Pri-
oratus predci ubi comes Hollandie sub .... vit D7iam
Elizabethan, filiam Regit cii anulo auri 1x5.
" Fratribus predicatoribus de Gippewico p . . . . sua
unius diei videltz viij diei Januar quo die D~na Eliza-
beth filia R. despons fuit, p M. de Cauford, xiijs. iiijc/."
R.C.
MANUSCRIPT CATENA.
About four years ago I purchased, at the sale
of the museum of Mr. George Bell of Whitehaven,
a folio vellum MS. in Latin, written apparently
in the fourteenth century : containing a Catena,
or a series of notes on the Epistles to the Romans
find Corinthians, selected from the Fathers of the
Church, viz. Origines, Ambrosius, Gregorius, Je-
ronimus, Augustinus, Cassianus, Beda, Lambertus,
Lanfrancus, Anselmus, and Ivo Carnotensis. As
many of those authors were English, I infer that
the volume was compiled in England for some
English monastery.
The beginning of each chapter is noted on the
margin, but there is no division into verses. The
sentences, or short paragraphs of the text, are
written in vermillion, and the comments upon them
in black : those comments are generally taken from
one, but often from two or three authors; the names
of each being stated. There are large handsome
capitals at the beginning of each book, and the
initials to the paragraphs are distinguished by a
spot of red, but there are no illuminations. Two
leaves have been cut out at the beginning of the
volume ; a few at two or three places throughout
the volume, and at the end, by some former pos-
sessor. As the style of binding is very uncom-
mon, I will describe it. It was bound in oak
boards of half an inch thick ; the sheets were
sewed on thongs of white leather, similar to what
cart harness is stitched with. Instead of the
thongs being brought over the back edges of the
boards (as in modern binding), they are inserted
into mortices in the edges of the boards, and then
laced through holes, and secured with glue and
wedges. The boards were covered first with al-
lumed leather, and over that seal-skin with the hair
on. The board at the beginning of the book had
four feet, placed near the corners, of nearly an
inch in height, half an inch in diameter at the
base, and about a quarter of an inch at the point.
Each was cast in one piece, with a circular base of
about an inch and a quarter in diameter, and rising
towards the centre ; and they were each fastened
on by three pins or nails. The board at the end
of the book was ornamented with four circular
brass plates about the size of a halfpenny, placed
near the corners ; having in the centre of each a
stud, the head of which represented a prominent
close flower of four petals. And in the centre of
the board, there had been a stud or button, on
which to fasten the strap from the other board to
keep the book shut. Only one stud and one foot
remained ; but the places where the others had
been were easily seen. I presume that the volume
was meant to lie on a lectern or reading-desk,
resting on its feet; and when opened out, the
other board rested on its studs, as both were worn
smooth with use.
The binding being loose, and the cover torn to
shreds (part of which was held on by the stud),
I got the book rebound as nearly as possible in
the same manner as the first, only substituting
Russia leather for the unsightly seal-skin ; and the
remaining stud and foot afforded patterns, from,
which others were cast to supply the places of
those deficient.
Nothing is known of the history of this volume,
except that it was purchased by Mr. Bell from
Alexander Campbell, a bookseller in Carlisle. I
am inclined to think, that it had belonged to some
monastery in Cumberland ; and the seal-shin cover
would seem to indicate Calder Abbey (which is
near the coast, where seals might be caught) as its
original owner.
Can any of your correspondents inform me, from
the marks which I have given, whether this is a
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 220.
copy of some known work or an original com-
pilation ? And if the former, state where the
original MS. is preserved ; and if printed, the par-
ticulars of the edition ?
If my MS. can be ascertained to have formerly
belonged to any library or individual, I shall be
glad to learn any particulars of its history.
J. M. K.
Sh or eh am.
iHtnar
Jews and Egyptians. Has any writer ever
started the idea that the early colonisers of some of
the Grecian states, who are commonly stated to
have been Egyptians, may have been, in fact,
Jews ? It seems to me that a good deal might be
said in favour of this hypothesis, for the following
reasons, amongst others :
1. The Egyptian tradition preserved by Heca-
tceus, and quoted from him by Diodorus, that
Danaus and Cadmus were leaders of minor
branches of the great emigration, of which the
main body departed under the guidance of Moses.
2. The near coincidence in point of time, as far
as can be traced, of the appearance of Danaus,
Cadmus, and Cecrops, in Greece, with the Jewish
exodus.
3. The letter, preserved by Josephus, of Areus,
king of Sparta, to the high-priest of the Jews,
claiming a common descent with the latter from
Abraham, and proposing an alliance. It is difficult
to explain this claim on any other supposition than
that Areus had heard of the tradition mentioned
by Diodorus, and, as he and his people traced
their descent from Danaus through Hercules,
they consequently regarded themselves as sprung
from a common stock with the Hebrews.
I throw out this theory for the consideration
of others, having myself neither leisure nor oppor-
tunity for pushing the subject any farther; but
still I think that a distinguished statesman and
novelist, who amused the world some years ago
by endeavouring to trace most of the eminent
men of modern times to a Jewish origin, might,
with at least as much reason, claim most of the
glories of ancient Greece for his favourite people.
J. S. WARDEN.
Skin-flint. Is the word skin-flint, a miserly or
niggardly person, of English or foreign derivation?
and where is the earliest instance of the term to
be met with ? J. W.
Garlic Sunday. The last Sunday of summer
has been heretofore a day of great importance with
the Irish, as upon it they first tried the new po-
tato, and formed an opinion as to the prospects
of the future harvest. The day was always called,
in the west in particular, " G-arlie Sunday," per-
haps a corruption of Garland Sunday. Can any
one give the origin of this term, and say when
first it was introduced ? U. U.
Dublin.
Custom of the Corporation of London. In the
evidence of Mr. Bennoch, given before the Royal
Commissioners for inquiring into the corporation
of the city of London, he stated that there is,,
amongst other payments, one of 133/. "for cloth
to the great ministers of state," the city being
bound by an old charter to give a certain amount
of cloth annually to them. He subsequently
states that this custom is supposed to be connected
with the encouragement of the wool manufacture
in its early history ; and that four and a half
yards of the finest black cloth that the country
can produce are annually sent to the First Secre-
tary of State, the Second Secretary of State, the
Lord Chancellor, the Chamberlain of the House-
hold, the Vice- Chancellor of the Household, the
Treasurer of the Household, the Lord Steward,
the Controller,' the Lord Chief Justice of the
Queen's Bench, the Lord Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, the Chief Baron of the Exche-
quer, the Master of the Rolls, the Recorder of
London, the Attorney-General, the Solicitor-
General, and the Common Sergeant.
Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." give a
more particular account of this custom ?
CERVUS.
General Stokes. Can any of your readers give
me any information respecting the parentage of
General Stokes ? In the historical table of re-
markable events in the Jamaica Almanack for
1847 it says: "General Stokes, with 1600 men
from Nevis, arrived and settled near Port Mo-
rant, anno Domini 1655." And in Bryan Ed-*
wards' work on Jamaica and the West Indies,
mention is made of General Stokes in the follow-
ing words :
" In the month of December, 1655,. General Stokes,
with 1600 men from Nevis, arrived in Jamaica, and
settled near Port Morant. The family of the Morants
of Vere (in Jamaica) are the lineal descendants of
General Stokes, who took the name of Morant from
the port at which he landed. General Stokes was
governor of Nevis; and on his arrival in Jamaica was
appointed one of the high commissioners for the
Island."
H. H. M.
Rev. Philip Morant. I shall be obliged by
any information respecting the linenge of the
Rev. Philip Morant, who wrote a History of
the County of Essex; and whether he was an
ancestor of the Morants of Brockenhurst Park,
Hants. He was born at St. Saviour's, in the
Isle of Jersey, Oct. 6, 1700; entered, 1717, Pem-
broke College, Oxford. He was presented to
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
35
the following benefices in the county of Essex,
viz. Shallow, Bowells, Bromfield,Chicknal,Imeley,
St. Mary's, Colchester, Wickliam Bishops, and to
Oldliam in 1745. He died Nov. 25, 1770; and
his only daughter married Thomas Aslle, Esq.,
F.R.S. and F. A.S. He was son of Stephen Morant.
If any of the sons or daughters of that eminent
antiquary Thomas Astle will give me any inform-
ation relative to the pedigree of Philip Morant,
M.A., they will greatly oblige me. H. H. M.
Malta.
The Position of Suffragan Bishops in Convo-
cation. In Chamberlayne's Magnce Britannia
Nntitia, or The Present State of Great Britain,
1729, p. 73., it is said:
- " All suffragan bishops and deans, archdeacons,
prebendaries, rectors, and vicars, have privileges, some
by themselves, others .by proxy or by representatives,
to sit and vote in the lower house of convocation."
Is there authority for this statement as regards
suffragan bishops ? There is no writ or mandate
that I have seen for their appearance.
W. ERASER.
Tor- Mob un.
Cambridge Mathematical Questions. Can any
of your readers inform me whether the University
of Cambridge puts forth, by authority, a collection
of all the questions proposed to candidates for the
B. A. degree?
If not, how can one obtain access to the ques-
tions which have been asked during the last forty
or fifty years ? IOTA.
Crabbe MSS. In some second-hand book
catalogue the following is inserted, viz.,
" 1"53. Crahbe (Rev. Geo., Poet), Poems, Prayers,
Essays, Sermons, portions of Plays, &c., 5 vols. entirely
autograph, together with a Catalogue of Plants, and Ex-
tracts from the. second Volume of the Transactions of the
Linncan Society, 1795 (this volume only contains a few
Autograph Verges in pencil at the end). An Autograph
tetter of 4 pa</es to the Dean of Lincoln, dated TROW-
BRiDGE, March 31, 1815. A curious Anonymous letter
from * Priscian ' to Mr. Murray, dated Dec. 8th, 1833,
on the Orthography of the name of the Birthplace of
the Poet, and which the writer observed in the View of
the Town of Ahlebiirgh in the frontispiece to the Prospectus
Mr. M. has jimt issued, fyc., interspersed with some por-
traits and scraps, in 6 vols. 4to. and 8vo., dated from
1779 to 1823, 8/. Ss."
This is a note underneath :
" The following portion of a Prayer, evidently al-
luding to h s troubles, occurs in one of the volumes
bearing date Dec. 31, 1779 : A thousand years, most
adored Creator, are in thy Sight as one Day. So con-
tract in my Sisrht my Calamities ! The Year of Sorrow
and Care, of Poverty and Disgrace, of Disappointment
and wrong, is now passing on to join the Eternal.
Now, O Lord ! let, I beseech thee, my Afflictions and
Prayers be remembered ; my Faults and Follies be
| forgotten.' O ! Thou who art the Fountain of Hap-
I piness, give me better Submission to thy Decrees,
! better Disposition to correct my flattering Hopes,
j better Courage to bear up under my State of Op-
' pression,' " &c.
Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." tell me
who possesses this ? I should very much like to
know. H. T. BOBART.
Ashby-de-la-Zouch.
Tilly, an Officer of the Courts at Westminster.
What office did one Tilly hold in one of the
Courts at Westminster, circa 8 William III. ?
Was he Warden of the Fleet ? What were his
connexions by birth arid by marriage ? Was he
dispossessed ? and if so, why ? J. K.
Mr. Gye. Who was Mr. Guye, or Gye, who
had chambers in the Temple circa 8 Wni. III. ?
J. K.
Three Fleurs-de-Lys. Some of your heraldic
contributors may perhaps be able to say whether
there is any instance of an English coat of arms
with three fleurs-de-lys in a line (horizontal), in
the upper part of the shield ? Such are said to
occur in coats of arms of French origin, as in that
of the celebrated Du Guesclin, and perhaps in
English coats in the form of a triangle. But
query whether, in any instance, in a horizontal
line ? DEVONIENSIS.
The Commons of Ireland previous to the Union
in 1801. I have understood there was a work
which contained either the memoirs or sketches
of the political characters of all the members of*
the last " Commons of Ireland ; " and I have heard
it was written by a Rev. Dr. Scott of, I believe,
Trinity College, Dublin. Can any reader of
" BT. & Q." inform me if there be such a work ?
and if there be a biographical account of the
author to be met with ? C. H. D.
" All Holyday at Peckham" Can any of your,
correspondents inform me what is the origin of
the phrase " All holyday at Peckham ? " *
R. W. B.
Arthur de Vere. What was the after history
of Arthur (Philipson) de Vere, son of John, Earl
of Oxford, and hero of Sir Walter Scott's novel
[* Probably some of our correspondents may know
the origin of this phrase ; and as many of them, perhaps,
are not acquainted with its meaning among the slang
literati, we may as well enlighten them with a quo-
tation from the Lexicon Balatronicum et Macaronicum
of Master Jon Bee : " Peckham, going to dinner.
' All holiday at Peckham,'' no appetite. Peckish, hun-
gry." ED.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
A mm of Giderstdn ? Was Sir Walter Scott justi-
fied in saying, " thu manners and beauty of Anne
of Gdurstein attracted as much admiration at the
English Court as formerly in the Swiss Chalet?"
2.
Mast fir of the Nails. It appears from the 77/5-
torical Register, January, 1717, " Mr. Hill was
appointed Master of all the Nails at Chatham
Dock." Can any of your readers favour me by
stating the nature of the above office ? W. D. II.
Nattochiis and Calchanti. A few days since an
ancient charter was laid before me containing a
-grant of lands in the county of Norfolk, of the
date 1333 (temp. Edwr. IL), in which the follow-
ing words are made use of:
" Cu' omnib; g'nis t natthocouks adjaccntib; " &c.
In a later portion of the grant this word is spelt
natthociis. Probably some of your learned readers
can throw some light on what is meant by the
words granis et nattochiis as being appurtenant to
marsh lands.
In a grant I have also now before me of Queen
Elizabeth
" Decimas, calchanti, liquor, mineral, metal," &c.
are given to the grantee for a term of twenty-one
years : probably your readers can also enlighten
my ignorance of the term calchanti; the other
words are obvious. If any authorities are to be
met with, probably in the answers to these queries
your correspondents will have the goodness to
cite them. F. S. A.
" Ned o' the Todding." May I beg, through
the medium of your excellent publication, to ask
if any of your correspondents can inform me in
which of our English authors I may find some
lines headed " Ned o' the Todding ? " W. T.
ftlfnar Aliened
Bridget Cromwell and Fleetwood. Can you
inform me whether Bridget, daughter of Oliver
Cromwell, who was first married in 1651 to Ireton,
Lord Deputy of Ireland (and had by him a large
family), and secondly, to General Fleetwood, had
any family by the latter ?
And, if so, what were tfie Christian names of
the children (Fleetwood) ?
A NEW SUBSCRIBER OF 1854.
[Noble, in hit Memoirs of the House of Cromwell,
vol. ii. p. 3G9., says, " It is most probable that Fleet-
wood had issue by his second wife Bridget, especially
as he mentions that she was in an increasing way in
several of his letters, written in 1654 and 1655. It is
highly probable Mr. Charles Fleetwood, who was
Iniriird at Stoke Newington, May 14, 1676, was his
son by the Protector's daughter, as perhaps was Ellen
I'Kctwood, buried in the same place in a velvet coffin,
July 23, 1731 ; if so, she must liavc hern, at the time
of her death, upwards of seventy years of age."]
Culct. In my bills from Christ Church, Ox-
ford, there is a charge of sixpence every term for
culct. What is this ? B. R. I.
[In old time there was a collection made every year
for the doctors, masters, and beadles, and this \va*
called collecta or culet : the latter word is now used for
a' customary fee paid to the beadles. "I supp
says Hearnc, " that when this was gathered for the
doctors and masters it was only for such doctors and
masters as taught and read to scholars, of which sort
there was a vast number in old time, and such a col-
lection was therefore made, that they might proceed
with the more alacrity, and that their dignity might
be better supported." Appendix to Hist. llol. dc Aves-
bury.']
THE ASTEROIDS OR RECENTLY DISCOVERED LESSER
PLANETS.
(Vol. vii., p. 211. ; Vol. viii., p. 601.)
QU;ESTOR has asked me a question to which I
will not refuse a reply. If he thinks that the
breaking up of a planetary world is a mere fancy,
he may consult Sir John Ilerschers Astronomy,
434., in Lardner's series, ed. 1833, in which the
supposition was treated as doubtful, and farther
discoveries were declared requisite for its con-
firmation ; and Professor Mitchell's Discoveries
of Modern Astronomy, Lond. 1850, pp. 163 171.,
where such discoveries are detailed, and the pro-
gress of the proof is narrated and explained. It
may be briefly stated as follows : In the last cen-
tury, Professor Bode discovered the construction
of a regular series of numbers, in coincidence
with which the distances of all the known planets
from the sun had been arranged by their Creator,
saving one exception. Calling the earth's solar
distance 10, the next numbers in the series arc
16, 28, 52. The distances answering to 16 and
52, on this scale, are respectively occupied by the
planets Mars and Jupiter ; but the position of 28
seemed unoccupied. It was not likely that the
Creator should have left the methodical order of
his work incomplete. A few patient observers
agreed, therefore, to divide amongst themselves
that part of the heavens which a planet revolving
at the vacant distance might be expected to tra-
verse; and that each should keep up a continuous
examination of the portion assigned to him. And
the result was the discovery by Piazzi, in 1801,
of a planet revolving at the expected solar dis-
tance, but so minute that the elder Ilcrschrl com-
puted its diameter to be no more than 163 miles.
The discovery of a second by Olbers, in the ibl-
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
37
lowing year, led him to conjecture and surest
that these were fragments of a whole, which, at its
first creation, had occupied the vacant position,
with a magnitude not disproportionate to that
assigned to the other planets. Since then there
Lave been, and continue to be, discoveries of more
and more such fragmental planets, all moving at
solar distances so close upon that numbered 28,
as to pass each other almost, as has been said,
within peril ; but in orbits which seem capriciously
elevated and depressed, when referred to the
planes assigned for the course of the regular
planets; so that, to most minds capable of appre-
ciating these facts, it will seem that Olber'a con-
jecture has been marvellously confirmed.
As to the theological conjecture appended to
it in my previous communication, about which
QUJESTOB particularly questions me, I can only
say, that if he deems' it rash or wrong, I have no
right to throw the blame of it on any other man's
shoulders, as I am not aware of its having been
hazarded by any one else. But I hope he will
agree with me, that if there has been a disruption
<f a planetary world, it cannot have arisen from
any mistake or deficiency in the Creator's work
or foresight, but should be respectfully regarded
as the result of some moral cause.
HENRY WALTER.
EMBLEMATIC MEANINGS OF PRECIOUS STONES
(Vol. viii., p. 539.). PLANETS or THE
MONTHS SYMBOLISED BY PRECIOUS STONES
(Vol. iv., pp. 23. 164.).
The Poles have a fanciful belief that each
month of the year is under the influence of a
precious stone, which influence has a correspond-
ing effect on the destiny of a person born (luring
the respective month. Consequently, it is cus-
tomary, among friends and lovers, on birth-days,
to make reciprocal presents of trinkets orna-
mented with [the natal stones. The stones and
their influences, corresponding with each month,
are supposed to be as follows :
January - - Garnet. Constancy and fidelity.
February - Amethyst. Sincerity.
March
Bloodstone.
Presence of
April- Diamond.
May - Emerald.
June - Agate.
July - Cornelian.
August Sardonyx.
September Chrysolite.
October - Opal.
November Topaz.
December Turquoise.
The Rabbinical writers describe a system of
onornancy, according to the third branch of tin:
Cubula, termed Notaricon, in conjunction with
Courage,
mind.
Innocence.
Success in love.
Health and long life.
Contented mind.
Conjugal felicity.
Antidote against madness.
Hope.
Fidelity*
Prosperity.
lithomancy. Twelve anagrams of the name of
God were engraved on twelve precious stones, by
which, with reference to their change of hue or
brilliancy, the Cftballft was enabled to foretcl
future events. Those twelve stones, thus en-
graved, were also supposed to have a mystical
power over, and a prophetical relation to, tho
twelve si^ns of the Zodiac, and twelve angels or
good spirits, in the following order :
Anayramt. Stonei. Signi. Angel*.
mrP Ruby. Aries. Mulchediel.
1HJV ' Topaz.' Taurus. Asmodel. ,
Carbuncle. Gemini. Ambriel.
Kmerald. Cancer. Muriel.
Sapphire. Leo. Verchel.
Diamond. Virgo. Humatiel.
Jacinth. Libra. Zuriel.
Agate. Scorpio. liarbiol.
Amethyst. Sagittarius. Adnachiel.
Beryl. Capricornus. Humiel.
Onyx. Aquarius. Gabriel.
Jasper. Pisces., Barchiel.
These stones had also reference to the twelve
tribes of Israel, twelve parts of the human body,
twelve plants, twelve birds, twelve minerals,
twelve hierarchies of devils, &c. &c. usque ad
nauseam.
It is evident that all this absurd nonsense was
founded on the twelve precious stones in the
breast-plate of the High Priest (Exodus xxviii.
15. : see also Numbers xxvii. 28., and 1 Samuel
xxviii. 6.). I may add that in the glorious de-
scription of the Holy City, in Revelation xxi., the
mystical number twelve Is again connected with
precious stones.
In the Sympathia Septem Metallorum ac Septem
Selcctorum Lapidum ad Plane tas, by the noted
Peter Arlensis de Scudalupis, the following are
the stones and metals which are recorded ai
sympathising with what the ancients termed the
seven planets (I translate the original words) :
Saturn - Turquoise. Lead.
Jupiter - Cornelian. Tin.
Mars - - Emerald. Iron.
Sun - - Diamond. Gold.
Venus- - Amethyst. Copper.
Mercury - Loadstone. Quicksilver.
Moon - - Chrystal. Silver.
N. D. inquires in what works he will find the
emblematical meanings of precious stones de-
scribed. For a great deal of curious, but obso-
lete and useless, reading on the mystical and
occult properties of precious stones, I may refer
him to the following works: Lea Amour* et
noveaux Eschanges dcs Pierre* Precieuxet, Paris,
1576 ; Curiofiitez inouyc* sur la Sculpture Talis-
manique, Paris, 1637 ; Occulta Natures Miracula,
Antwerp, 1567; Speculum Lapidi, Aug. Vind.,
1523 ; Les (Euvres de Jean Belot, Rouen, 1569.
W. PlNKERTOIC.
38
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
NON-RECURRING DISEASES.
(Vol.viii., p. 5 16.)
To give a full and satisfactory answer to the
questions here proposed would involve so much
professional and physiological detail, as would be
unsuited to the character of such a publication as
" N. & Q." I will therefore content myself with
short categorical replies, agreeable to the present
state of our knowledge of these mysteries of the
animal economy. It is true as a general rule that
the infectious diseases, particularly the exanthe-
mata, or those attended by eruption the measles
for example occur but once. But there are
exceptional cases, and the most virulent of these
non-recurrent diseases, such even as small-pox,
are sometimes taken a second time, and are then
sometimes, though by no means always, fatal.
Why all the mammalia (for, be it observed, these
diseases are not confined to the human race) are
subject to these accidents, or why the animal
economy should be subject to such a turmoil at
all, or, being so subject, why the susceptibility to
the recurrence of the morbid action should exist,
or be revived in some and not in others ; and
why in the majority of persons it should be ex-
tinguished at once and for ever, remain amongst
the arcana of Nature, to which, as yet, the physi-
ology of all the Hunters, and the animal chemistry
of all the Liebigs, give no solution.
Those persons who take note of the able, and
in general highly instructive, reports of the Re-
gistrar of Public Health, will observe that the
word zymotic is now frequently used to signify
the introduction into the body of some morbific
poisons, such as prevail in the atmosphere, or
are thrown off by diseased bodies, or generated in
the unwholesome congregation of a crowded popu-
lation, which are supposed to act like yeast in a
beer vat, exciting ferments in the constitution, in
the case of the infectious diseases, similar to those
which gave them birth. But this explains no-
thing, and only shifts the difliculty and changes
the terms, and is no better than a modification of
the opinions of our forefathers, who attributed all
such disorders to a fermentation of the supposed
" humours " of the body. The .essence of these
changes in the animal economy, like other phe-
nomena of the living principle, remain, and perhaps
ever will remain, an unfathomable mystery. It
is our business to investigate, as much as in our
power, and by a slow and cautious induction, the
laws by which they are governed.
Non-recurrence, or immunity from any future
seizure in a person who has had an infectious
disease, seems derivable from some invisible and
unknown impression* made on the constitution.
* This word is used for want of a better, to signify
some unknown change.
There is good reason to suppose that this im-
pression may vary in degree in different indivi-
duals, and in the same individual at different
times ; and thence some practical inferences are
to be drawn which have not yet been well ad-
vanced into popular view, but to which I cannot
advert unless some reader of " N. & Q." put the
question. M. (2)
MILTON S WIDOW.
(Vol. viii., p. 594. &c.)
GARLICHITHE'S apologies to MR. HUGHES are
due, not so much for neglecting his communica-.
tions as for misquoting them. We all owe an
apology to your readers for keeping up so perti-
naciously a subject of which I fear they will begin
to be tired.
MR. HUGHES has not stated that Richard Min-
shull of Chester, son of Richard Minshull, the
writer of the letter of May 3, 1656, was born in
1641. What MR. HUGHES did state (Vol. viii.,
p. 200.) was, that Mrs. Milton's brother, Richard
Minshull of Wistaston, was baptized on April 7
in that year ; and the statement is quite correct,
as I can vouch, /rom having examined the bap-
tismal register. Richard Minshull of Chester was
aged forty or forty-one at the date of his father's
letter, as shown below ; but even if he had been
aged only fifteen, as supposed by GARLICHITHE, I
do not see that there is anything in the language
of the letter to call for observation. He had con-
veyed to his father a communication from Randle
Holmes, and the father writes in answer, "Deare
and loveing sonne, my love and best respects to
you and to my daughter [GARLICHITHE may read
daughter-in-law if he likes, but I see no necessity
for it], tendered w th trust of y r health. I have
reaceived Mr. Alderman Holmes his letter, to-
gether with y, wherin I understand that you
desire to know what I can say concerning our
coming out of Minshull House ;" and he proceeds
to give the information asked for.
GARLICHITHE, in his former communication,
confounds Randle the great-grandfather with
Randle the great-grandson, and in his present
one he confounds Richard Minshull of Chester,
the uncle, with Richard Minshull of Wistaston,
the nephew. I agree with GARLICHITHE that
" he, 'Richard, the writer of the said letter, must
be fairly presumed to have been married at the
date of such letter," which he addresses to his
"Deare and loveing sonne;" but what of that?
Whom he married, your readers are informed at
p. 595. He died in the year following his letter,
at the ripe age of eighty-six.
The misquotations noticed above would, if not
pointed out, lead to inextricable confusion of
facts ; and I am compelled therefore again to
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
39
trouble you. In order, if possible, to set the
matter at rest, I will put together in the form of
a pedigree, compressed so as to be fit for insertion
in your columns, the material facts which have
been the subject of so much discussion ; but, be-
fore doing so, permit me a word of protest against
some of the communications alluded to, which are
scarcely fair to " K & Q."
is correct, suggests as new evidence the very do-
cuments to which MR. HUGHES had furnished a
reference ; ami a third, T. P. L. (quoting an ano-
nymous pamphlet), jumps at once to the conr
elusion that "tliere can be little doubt" the
author derived his information from an authentic
source, "and, if so, it serins pretty clear"-- that
all the evidence supplied by lier aids' visitations*
A correspondent (Vol. vii., p. 596.) asks for in- j wills, and title-deeds is to be discarded as idle
formation as to Milton's widow, and MR. HUGHES
(Vol. viii., p. 12.) refers him to a volume in which
will be found the information asked for, and gives
a brief outline of the facts there stated. On this
GARLICHITHE (Vol. viii., p. 134.), misquoting MR.
HUGHES, calls his attention to Mr. Hunter's letter,
which, if GARLICHITHE had availed himself of the
reference furnished to him, he would have found
duly noticed. A second correspondent, MR. SIN-
GER, whose literary services render me unwilling
to find fault with him (Vol. viii., p. 471.), heading
his article with five references, of which not one
fiction. Such objections as the-e, and the replies
which they have rendered necessary, are, with
the exception of the valuable contribution of
MR. ARTHUR PAGET, the staple of the contribu-
tions which have filled so much of your valuable
space.
I conclude with my promised pedigree, the
authorities for which are the Cheshire Visitation of
1663-4, and the Lancashire Visitation of 1664-5,
confirmed by the letter to Handle Holmes, and
the legal documents published by the Chetham
Society :
John Mynshull, fourth and youngest son of John Mynshull of Mynshull, married the daughter
and co-heiress of Robert Cooper of Wistaston, and founded the family subsequently settled
there, as stated in his great-grandson's letter.
Handle Mynshull of Wistaston married the daughter of Rawlinson of Crewe, as stated in his grandson's letter.
Thomas Mynshull of Wistaston married Dorothy Goldsmith of Nantwich, as stated in his son's letter.
Richard Mynshull of Wistaston married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Goldsmith of Bos worth,
in co. Leic. (who was probably maternal aunt or great-aunt to the John Goldsmith men-
tioned in Dr. Paget's will) He was the writer of the letters in 1656, and died in 1657, aged
eighty-six. He had two daughters and three sons, viz.
Randle Mynshull of Wistaston married
Ann Boot, and had seven children, of
whom it will be necessary to mention
three only, viz.
Thomas Mynshull, the apothecary of
Manchester, mentioned in Thomas
Paget's will, aged fifty-one in 1664,
had five sons and four daughters.
Richard Mynshull, alderman of Chester,
to whom his father wrote the letter of
May 3, 1656, aged forty-seven in 1663.
Bichard Mynshull, baptized April 7,
1641. On June 4, 1680, he executed
a bond, by the description of Richard
Mynshull of Wistaston, frame-work
knitter, to Elizabeth Milton of thecity
of London, widow, who, though not
itated to be his sister, was evidently
a near relative, as appears from the
contents of the bond.
Warrington.
John Mynshull appears to
have resided in Manchester,
where he was buried, May 18,
1720, and administration was
granted at Cheshire to Eliz-
abeth Milton of Nantwich,
widow, his lawful sister and
next of kin.
Elizabeth, baptized December 30, 1638, married
Milton in 1664, is described as of London in the
bond from her brother, on the occasion of her
purchase of" an estnte at Brindley in Cheshire ; is
described as of Nantwich in three legal documents
from 1713 to 1725; by ilie same descriiition, ad-
ministered to her brother John in 1720, and made
her will on August 22, 1727, which was proved on
October 10 in the same year.
J. F. MARSH.
TABLE-TURNING.
(Vol. viii., pp. 57. 398.)
One of the most distinguished men of science
in France, M. Chevreul, the editor (late or
present) of the Annales de Chimie, &c., has com-
menced a series of articles in the Journal des
Savants on the subject of the divining-rod, the
exploring pendulum, table-turning, &c., his inten-
tion being to investigate scientifically the pheno-
mena presented in these instances. Having
formerly written much on the occult sciences,
and being a veteran in experimental science,
M. Chevreul was generally deemed better quali-
fied than most men living to throw light on the
intervention of a principle whose influence he
thinks he hns proved by his own proper experi-
ence. It will be better to quote his own lan-
guage :
" Ce principe concerne le devdnppement en nous d'une
action musculaire qui n'est pas le proditit d'une vo'onte,
ma is le resnltat d'nne pensee qui se porte sur nn pheno-
mene du monde exterieur sans preoccupation de faction
musculaire indispensable d la manifestation du phenon ene.
Get enonce sera developpe lorsque nous 1'appliqnerotis
a Pexplication des faits ob i erv('s par nous, et deviendra
parfaitement clair, nous 1'esperons, lorsque le lecteur
verra qu'il est 1'expression precise de ces memes faits."
A farther quotation (if it should not prove too
long for " N. & Q.") from M. Chevreul's prelimi-
40
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No, 220.
nary remarks will be thought interesting by many
persons :
" En definitive, nous esperons montrer d'une maniere
precise comment des gens d'esprit, sous 1'influence de
1'amour du merveilleux, si naturel a 1'homme, fran-
chissent la limite du connu, du fini, et, des lors, com-
ment, ne sentant pas le besoin de soumettre a un
examen reflechi 1'opinion nouvelle qui leur arrive sous
le cachet du merveilleux et du surnaturel, ils adoptent
oudainement ce qui, etudie froidement, rentrerait dans
le domaine des faits aux causes desquels il est donne
a 1'homme dc remonter. Existe-t-il une preuve plus
forte de 1'amour de 1'homme pour le merveilleux, que
J'accueil fait de nos jours aux tahles tournantes ?
Nous ne le pensons pas. Plus d'un esprit fort, qui
accuse ses peres de credulite en rejetant leurs traditions
xeligieuses contemporains de Louis XIV., ont repousse
comme impossible un traite de chimere. Ce fait con-
firme ce que nous avons dit de la credulite a propos de
YEssai sur la Magie d'Eusebe Salverte, car si 1'esprit
fort qui repousse la revelation ne s'appuie pas sur la
methode scientifique propre a discerner 1'erreur de la
verit<?, Uncertain du fait demontre, il sera sans cesse
expose a adopter comme vraies les opinions les plus
bizarres, les plus erronees, ou du moins les plus con-
testables."
The two articles hitherto published by M.
Chevreul in the Journal des Savants for the months
of October and November, extend only to the first-
mentioned subject of these inquiries, the divining-
rod. The world will probably wait with some
impatience to learn the final views of so eminent
a scientific man. J. MACRAT.
Oxford.
CELTIC ETYMOLOGY.
(Vol.viii., pp. 229. 551.)
Your correspondent is a very Antaeus. He has
fallen again upon uim, and he rises up from it to
-defend the Heapian pronunciation with renewed
vigour. But I cannot admit that he has proved
the pedigree of humble from the Gaelic.
But, even if uim were the root of a Sanscrit
word, and not itself a derivative, still the many
stages through which the derivation undoubtedly
passes, without any need of reference to the
Oaelic, are quite enough to establish the exist-
ence and continuance of an aspirate, until we
arrive at the French; and it has already been
proved, that many words which lose the aspirate
in French do not lose it in English. The pro-
gress from the Sanscrit is very clear :
Sanscrit. Kshama.
Pracrit. Khama.
Old Greek. Xcfyta ; whence -x.dp.ai, X^fo X da ~
jj.a\6s.
Latin. Humus, humilis.
Italian. Umile ; because there is in Italian no
initial aspirate.
French. 'Humble ; because in words of Latin
origin the French almost always omit the aspirate.
English^ 'Humble.
And here it may be observed, that humilis never
had, except in the Vulgate and in ecclesiastical
writers, the metaphorically Christian sense to which
its derivatives in modern tongues are generally
confined, and to which I believe the Gaelic umhal
to be strictly confined. But the original words
for humble are iosal and iriosal, cognate with the
Irish iosal and iriseal, and the Cymric isel ; and
the olden and more established words for the
earth are, both in Gaelic and Irish, talamh and
lar, cognate with the Cymric llawr.
All these facts lead to a reasonable suspicion
that uim, umhal, and umhailteas (an evident na-
turalisation of a Latin word) are all derived from
Latin at a comparatively recent date, as certainly
as umile, humilde, 'humble, and 'humble are, and in
the same Christian sense. The omission of an
aspirate in the Gaelic word is then easily ac-
counted for, without supposing it not to exist in
other languages, and for this very simple reason,
that no Gaelic word commences with h. There
are some Celtic roots undoubtedly in the Latin
language. It would be difficult, for example, to
derive mcenia, munire, gladius, vir, and virago from
any other origin, but much the larger number of
words, in which the two languages resemble each
other, are either adoptions from the Latin or de-
rivatives from one common source, e. g. mathair
and mother, brathair and brother, as well as the
Latin mater and frater, from the Sanscrit matri
and bhratri, &c., as all comparative philologists
are well aware. Would your correspondents call
it the 'Ebrew language, because a Gael calls it, as
he must do, Eabrach f E. C. H.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
The Cdlotype Process : curling up of Paper. I am
happy in having the opportunity of replying to your
correspondent C. E. F. (Vol. 5x., p. 16. ), because, with
himself, I have found great annoyance from the curling
up of some specimens of paper. In the papers recently
sold as Turner's, I find this much increased upon his
original make, so much so that, until I resorted to the
following mode, I spoiled several sheets intended for
negatives, by staining the back of the paper, and which
thereby gave a difference of intensity when developed
after exposure in the camera.
I have provided myself with some very thick extra
white blotting-paper (procured of Sandford). This
jeing thoroughly damped, and placed between two
pieces of slate, remains so for many weeks. If the
laper intended to be used is properly interleaved be-
tween this damp blotting-paper, and allowed to remain
there twelve hours at least before it is to be iodized, it
will be found to work most easily. It should be barely
as damp as paper which is intended to be printed on.
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
41
This arrangement will be found exceedingly useful for
damping evenly cardboard and printed positives when
they are intended to be mounted, so as^to ensure their
perfect flatness.
It is quite immaterial whether the paper is floated
on a solution or applied with a glass rod. If a very
few sheets are to be manipulated upon, then, for eco-
nomy, the glass rod is preferable; but if several, the
floating has the advantage, because it ensures the most
even application. I sent you a short paragraph
(Vol. ix., p. 32.) showing how we may be deceived
in water-marks upon paper; and when we are suppos-
ing ourselves to be using a paper of a particular date,
in fact we are not doing so.
I would also caution your photographic correspon-
dents from being deceived in the quality of a paper by
the exceeding high gloss which is given it by extra
hot-pressing. This is very pleasing to the eye, and
would be a great advantage if the paper were to remain
dry ; but in the various washings and soakings which
it undergoes in the several processes before the per-
fect picture is formed, the artificial surface is entirely
removed, and it is only upon a paper of a natural firm
and even make that favourable results will be procured.
H. W. DIAMOND.
Turner's Paper. There is great difficulty in pro-
curing good paper of Turner's make ; he having lately
undertaken a contract for Government in making
paper for the new stamps, the manufacture of paper
for photographic purposes has been to him of little
importance. In fact, this observation, of the little im-
portance of photographic compared to other papers,
applies to all our great paper-makers, who have it in
their power to make a suitable article. Mr. Towgood
of St. Neots has been induced to manufacture a batch
expressly for photography ; but we regret to say that,
although it is admirably adapted for albumenizing and
printing positives, it is not favourable for iodizing,
less so than his original make for ordinary purposes.
All manufacturers, in order to please the eye, use
bleaching materials, which deteriorate the paper che-
mically. They should be thoroughly impressed with
the truth, that colour is of little consequence. A bad-
coloured paper is of no importance ; it is the extraneous
substances in the paper itself which do the mischief.
ED.
A Practical Photographic Query I have never had
a practical lesson on photography. I have worked it
put as far as I could myself, and I have derived much
information in reading the pages of " N. & Q.," so that
now I consider myself (although we are all apt to
flatter ourselves) an average good manipulator. Inde-
pendently of the information you have afforded me, I
have read all the works upon photography which I
could procure; and as the most extensive one is that
by Mr. Robert Hunt, I went to the Exhibition of the
Photographic Society just opened, thinking I might
there see his works, and gain that information from
an inspection of them which I desired. My disap-
pointment was great on finding that Mr. Hunt does
not exhibit, nor have I been able to see any of his
specimens elsewhere. May I ask if Mr. Hunt ever
attempts anything practically, or is it to the theory of
photography alone that he directs his attention ?
I begin to fear, unless he lets a little of each go
hand-in-hand, that he will mislead some of us ama-
teurs, although I am quite sure unintentionally ; for
personally I much respect him, having a high opinion of
his scientific attainments.
A READER OF ALL BOOKS ON PHOTOGRAPHY*
to $ff{u0r
"Service is no Inheritance" (Vol. viii., p. 587. ;.
Vol. ix., p. 20.). P. C. S. S. confesses that he is
vulgar enough to take great delight in Swift's
Directions to Servants, a taste which he had once
the good fortune of hearing avowed by no less a
man than Sir W. Scott himself. G. M. T., who
(Vol. viii., p. 587.) quotes the Waverley Novels for
the use of the phrase " Service is no inheritance, 1 '
will therefore scarcely be surprised to find that it
occurs frequently in Swift's Directions, and es-
pecially in those to the " Housemaid," chap. x.
(quod vide). P. C. S. S.
Francis Browne (Vol. viii., p. 639.). It is not
stated in the general pedigrees when or where he
died, whether single or married. His sister Eliza-
beth died unmarried, Nov. 27, 1662 ; and his elder
brother, Sir Henry Browne of Kiddington, in
1689. A reference to their wills, if proved, might
afford some information if he, Francis, survived
either of these dates. The will of Sir Henry
Knollys, of Grove Place, Hants, the grandfather,
might be referred to with the same view, and
the respective registers of Kiddington and Grove
Place. G.
Catholic Bible Society (Vol. viii., p. 494.).
MR. COTTON will find some account of this So-
ciety (the only one I know of) in Bishop Milner's
Supplementary Memoirs of the English Catholics^
published in the year 1820, p. 239. It published
a stereotype edition of the New Testament with-
out the usual distinction of verses, and very few
notes. The whole scheme was severely reprobated
by Dr. Milner, on grounds stated by him in the
Appendix to the Memoirs, p. 302. The Society
soon expired, and no tracts or reports were, I
believe, ever published by it. The correspondence
between Mr. Charles Butler and Mr. Blair will
be found in the Gentleman s Magazine for the year
1814. S.
Fitzroy Street.
Legal Customs (Vol. ix., p. 20.). The custom,,
related by your correspondent CAUSIDICUS, of a
Chancery barrister receiving his first bag from
one of the king's counsel, reminds me that there
are many other legal practices, both obsolete and
extant, which it would be curious and entertain-
42
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
ing to collect in your pages, as illustrative of the
habits of our forefathers, and the changes that
time has produced. I recognise many among
your coadjutors who are well able to contribute,
either from tradition or personal experience,
something that is worth recording, and thus by
their mutual coimnunications to form a collection
that would be both interesting and useful. Let
me commence the heap by depositing the first
stones.
1. My father has informed me that in his early
years it was the universal practice for lawyers to
attend the theatre on the last day of term/ This
was at a period when those who went into the
boxes always wore swords.
2. It was formerly (within fifty years) the cus-
tom for every barrister in the Court of Chancery
to receive from the usher, or some other officer of
the court, as many buns as he made motions on
the last day of Term, and to give a shilling for
each bun. EDWARD Foss.
Silo (Vol. viii., p. 639.). The word silo is de-
rived from the Celtic siol, grain, and omh, a cave ;
siolomh, pronounced sheeloo, a " grain cave."
Underground excavations have been discovered
in various parts of Europe, and it is probable that
they were really used for storing grain, and not
for habitations, as many have supposed.
FRAS. CROSSLEY.
I have no doubt but that MR. STRONG'S Query
respecting silos will meet with many satisfactory
answers ; but in the mean time I remark that
the Arab subterranean granaries, often used by
the French as temporary prisons for refractory
soldiers, are termed by them silos or silhos.
G. H. K.
Laurie on Finance (Vol. viii., p. 491.).
" A Treatise on Finance, under which the General
Interests of the British Empire are illustrated, com-
prising a Project for their Improvement, together with
& new scheme for liquidating the National Debt," by
David Laurie, 8vo., London, 1815.
ANON.
David's Mother (Vol. viii., p. 539.). The fol-
lowing comment on this point is taken from vol. i.
p. 203. of the Rev. Gilbert Burrington's Arrange-
ment of the Genealogies of the Old Testament and
Apocrypha, Lond. 1836, & learned and elaborate
work :
" In 2 Sam. xvii. 25., Abigail is said to be the
daughter of Nahash, and sister to Zeruiah, Joab's
mother; but in 1 Chron. ii. 16., both Zeruiah and
Abigail are said to be the daughters of Jesse ; we must
conclude, therefore, with Cappell, either that the name
>nj. Nahash, in "2 Sam. xvii. 25., is a corruption of
*6J^, Jesse, which is the reading of the Aldine and
Complutensian editions, and of a considerable number
of MSS. of the LXX in this place; or that Jesse had
two names, as Jonathan in his Targum on Ruth iv. 22.
informs us ; or that Nahash is not the name of the
father, but of the mother of Abigail, as Tremellius and
Junius imagine; or, lastly, with Grotius, \ve must be
compelled to suppose that Abigail, mentioned as the
sister of Zeruiah in 2 Sam., was a different person from
Abigail the sister of Zeruiah, mentioned in 1 Chron ,
which appears most improbable."
Dublin.
Anagram (Vol. vii., p. 546.). Some years
since I purchased, at a book-stall in Cologne, a
duodecimo (I think it was a copy of Milton's De-
fensio), on a fly-leaf of which was the date 1653,
and in the neat Italian hand of the period the
following anagram. The book had probably be-
longed to one of the English exiles who accom-
panied Charles II. in his banishment. I have
never met with it in any collection of anagrams
hitherto published. Perhaps some of your nu-
merous readers may have been more fortunate,
and can give some account of it.
" Carolus Stuartus, Anglise, Scotia?, et Hiberniae Rex,
Aula. statu, regno exueris, ac hostili arte necaberis."
JOHN o' THE FORD.
Malta.
Passage in Sophocles (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478. 631 .).
Your correspondent M. is quite right in trans-
lating irpdffo-sii' fares, and referring it not to eoy,
but to the person whom the Deity has infatuated ;
and he is equally right in explaining bxiyoarov
Xpovov for a very short time. Tipdcraei, the old read-
ing restored by Herman, is probably right ; but it
must still be referred to the same person : Jlle
vero versatur, &c. MR. BUCKTON explains ,
which is the relative to vow, to signify when, and
translates povAtvcrai as if it were equivalent with
jSo&Verai. Tbv vow w tfouAeverat is the mental power
with which he (6 /3\a</>0eis, not ebs) deliberates.
"Art] is, as M. properly explains it, not destruction,
but infatuation, mental delusion; that judicial blind-
nets which leads a man to his ruin, not the ruin
itself. It is a leading idea in the Homeric theo-
logy (//. xix. 88., xxiv. 480., &c.).
Though the idea in the Antigone closely re-
sembles that which is cited in the Scholia, it seems
more than probable that the original source of
both passages is derived from some much earlier
author than a cotemporary of Sophocles. As to
the line given in Boswell, it is not an Iambic
verse, nor even Greek. It was probably made
out of the Latin by some one who would try his
hand, with little knowledge either of the metre or
the language. MR. BUCKTON says, that to trans-
late bxi-yoffrov very short, is not to translate agree-
ably to the admonition of the old scholiast. Now,
the words of the scholiast are oi5e 0X170;', not even
a little, that is, a very little : so ov5e rvrfloy, ov8*
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
43
ovSe
kind.
and many forms of the same
E. C. H.
B.L.M. (Vol. viii., p. 585.). The letters
B. L. M., in the subscription of Italian correspond-
ence, stand for bacio le mani (I kiss your hands),
a form nearly equivalent to " your most obedient
servant." In the present instance the inflection
baciando (kissing) is intended. W. S. B.
" The Forlorn Hope" (Vol. viii., pp. 411. 569.).
For centuries the "forlorn hope" was called,
and is still called by the Germans, Verlorne Posten;
by the French, Enfans perdus ; by the Poles and
other Slavonians, Stracona poczta : meaning, in
each of those three languages, a detachment of
troops, to which the commander of an army assigns
such a perilous post, that he entertains no hope
of ever rescuing it, or rather gives up all hope of
its salvation. In detaching these men, he is con-
scious of the fate that awaits them ; but he sacri-
fices them to save the rest of his army, i. e. he
sacrifices a part for the safety of the whole. In
short, he has no other intention, no other thought
in so doing, than that which the adjective/or/orw
conveys. Thus, for instance, in Spain, a detach-
ment of 600 students volunteered to become a
forlorn hope, in order to defend the passage of a
bridge at Burgos, to give time to an Anglo-
Spanish corps (which was thrown into disorder,
and closely pursued by a French corps of 18,000
men) to rally. The students all, to the last man,
perished ; but the object was attained.
It much grieves me thus to sap the foundation
of the idle speculation upon a word the late Dr.
Graves indulged in, and which Mr. W. R. Wilde
inserted in the Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical
Science for^ February, 1849; but, on the other
kand, I rejoice to have had the opportunity of
endeavouring to destroy the very erroneous sup-
position, that Lord Byron had fallen into an error
in his beautiful line :
" The full of hope, misnamed forlorn." 1
What the late Dr. Graves meant by haupt or
pe^ for head, 1 am at a loss to conceive. Haupt,
in German, it is true, means head ; but in speak-
ing of a small body of men, inarching at the head
of an army, no German would ever say Haupt,
but Spitze. As to hope (another word for head)
I know not from what language he took it; cer-
tainly not from the Saxon, for in that tongue head
was called heafod, hefed, or heafd ; whilst hope was
called hopa, not hope. C. S. (An Old Soldier.)
Oak Cottage, Coniston, Lancashire.
Two ^ Brothers of the same Christian Name
(Vol. viii., p. 338.). I have recently met with
another instance of this peculiarity. John Upton,
of Trelaske, Cornwall, an ancestor of the Uptons
of Ingsmire Hall, Westmoreland, had two sons,
living in 1450, to both of whom he gave the
Christian name of John. The elder of these
alike-named brothers is stated by Burke, in his
History of the Landed Gentry, to have been the
father of the learned Dr. Nicholas Upton, canon
of Salisbury and Wells, and afterwards of St.
Paul's, one of the earliest known of our authors
on heraldic subjects. The desire of the elder Up-
ton to perpetuate his own Christian name may
in some way account for this curious eccen-
tricity. T. HUGHES.
Chester.
Passage in Watson (Vol. viii., p. 587.). Your,
correspondent G. asks, whence Bishop Watson
took the passage :
" Scire ubi aliquid invenire posses, ea demum maxima
pars eruditionis est."
In the account of conference between Spalato
and Bishop Overall, preserved in Gutch's Collec*
tanea Curiosa, and printed in the Anglo- Catholic
Library, Cosin's Works, vol. iv. p. 470., the same
sentiment is thus expressed :
"By keeping Bishop Overall's library, he (Cosin)
began to learn, ' Quanta pars eruditionis erat bonos
nosse auctores ; ' which was the saying of Joseph
Scaliger."
Can any of your correspondents trace the words
in the writings of Scaliger ? J. SANSOM.
Derivation of"Mammet" (Vol. viii., p. 515.).
It may help to throw light on this question to
note that Wiclif's translation of 2 Cor. vi. 16.
reads thus : " What consent to the temple of God
with mawmetis f " Calf hill, in his Answer to
Martiall (ed. Parker Soc., p. 31.), has the follow-
ing sentence :
" Gregory, therefore, if he had lived but awhile
longer ; and had seen the least part of all the miseries
which all the world hath felt since, only for mainte-
nance of those mawmots ; he would, and well might,
have cursed himself, for leaving behind him so lewd a
precedent."
And at p. 175. this, -
" That Jesabel Irene, which was so bewitched with
superstition, that all order, all honesty, all law of na-
ture broken, she cared not what she did, so she might
have her mawmots.""
See also the editor's note on the use of the word
in this last passage. In Dorsetshire, among the
common people, the word mammet is in frequent
use to designate a puppet, a doll, an odd figure,
a scarecrow. J. D. S.
Ampers and, & or Sf (Vol. viii., p. 173.).
Ampers $-, or Empessy fy, as it is sometimes called
in this country, means et per se Sf ; that is to say,
8f is a character by itself, or sui generis, represent-
ing not a letter but a word. It was formerly an-
44
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
nexed to the alphabet in primers and spelling-
books.
The figure ff appears to be the two Greek
letters e and - connected, and spelling the Latin
word et, meaning and. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
Misapplication of Terms (Yol. viii., p. 537.)-
The apparent lapsus noticed by your correspondent
J. W. THOMAS, while it reminds one that
" Learned men,
Now and then," &c.,
Is not so indefensible as many instances that are
to be met with;
I have been accustomed to teach my boys that
legend (& lego, to read) is not strictly to be con-
fined to the ordinary translation of its derivative,
since the Latin admits of several readings, and
among them, by the usage of Plautus, to hearken ;
whence our English substantive takes equal license
to admit of a relation = a narrative, viz. " a thing
to be heard ; " and' in this sense by custom has re-
ferred to many a gossip's tale.
Having thus ventured to defend the use of le-
gend by your correspondent (Vol. v., p. 196.), I
submit to the illuminating power of your pages
the following novel use of a word I have met with
in the course of reading this morning, and shall be
gratified if some of your correspondents (better
Grecians than myself) can turn their critical
bull's-eye on it with equal advantage to its em-
ployer.
In the poems of Bishop Corbet, edited by Oc-
tavius Gilchrist, F.S.A., 4th edition, 1807, an edi-
torial note at p. 195. informs us that John Bust,
living in 1611, "seems to have been a worthy
prototype of the Nattus of Antiquity." (Persius,
iii. 31.)
Our humorous friend in the farce, -who was
" 'prentice and predecessor " to his coadjutor the
'jjothecary whom he succeeded, is the only sole-
cism at all parallel, that immediately occurs to
SQ.UEERS.
Dotheboys.
P.S. It would not be any ill-service to our
language to pull up the stockings of the tight-
laced occasionally, though I have here rushed in
to the rescue.
Belle Sauvage (Vol. viii., >p. 388. 523.). Mr.
Burn, in his Catalogue of the Beaufoy Cabinet of
Tokens presented to the Corporation of London,
just published, after giving the various derivations
proposed, says that a deed, enrolled on the Glaus
Roll of 1453, puts the matter beyond doubt :
" By that deed, dated at London, February 5,
31 Hen. VI., John Frensh, eldest son of John Frensh,
late citizen and goldsmith of London, confirmed to
Joan Frensh, widow, his mother ' Totum ten' sive
hospicium cum suis pertin' vocat' Savagesynne, alias
vocat' le Belle on the Hope ;' all that tenement or inn
with its appurtenances, called Savage's Inn, otherwise
called the Bell on the Hoop, in the parish of St.
Bridget in Fleet Street, London, to have and to hold
the same for term of her life, without impeachment of
waste. The lease to Isabella Savage must therefore
have been anterior in date ; and the sign in the olden
day was the Bell. ' On the Hoop' implied the ivy-
bush, fashioned, as was the custom, as a garland."
P. 137.
ZEUS.
Arms of Geneva (Vol. viii., p. 563.). Berry's
Encyclopedia and Robson's British Herald give
the following :
" Per pale or and gules, on the dexter side a demi-
imperial eagle crowned, or, divided palewise and fixed
to the impaled line : on the sinister side a key in pale
argent, the wards in chief, and turned to the sinister ;
the shield surmounted with a marquis's coronet."
Boyer, in his Theatre of Honour, gives
" Party per pale argent and gules, in the first a
demi-eagle displayed sable, cut by the line of partition
and crowned, beaked, and membered of the second.
" In the second a key in pale argent, the wards
sinister."
BROCTUNA.
Bury, Lancashire;.
" Arabian Nights' Entertainments " (Vol. viii.,
p. 147.). There is a much stranger omission in
these tales than any MR. ROBSON has mentioned.
From one end of the work to the other (in
Galland's version at least) the name of opium is
never to be found ; and although narcotics are
frequently spoken of, it is always in the form of
powder they are administered, which shows that
that substance cannot be intended ; yet opium is,
unlike tobacco or coffee, a genuine Eastern pro-
duct, and has been known from the earliest period
in those regions. J. S. WARDEW.
Eichard I. (Vol. viii., p. 72.). I presume that
the Richard I. of the " Tablet " is the " Richard,
King of England," who figures in the Roman Ca-
lendar on the 7th February, but who, if he ever
existed, was not even monarch of any of the petty
kingdoms of the Heptarchy, much less of all Eng-
land. However, not to go farther with a subject
which might lead to polemical controversy, surely
MR. LUCAS is aware that a new series of kings
began to be reckoned from the Conquest, and that
three Edwards, who had much more right to be
styled kings of England than Richard could have
possibly had, are not counted in the number of
kings of that name ; the reason was, I believe,
that these princes, although the paramount rulers
of the country, styled themselves much more fre-
quently Kings of the West Saxons than Kings of
England. J. S. WARDEN.
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
45
Lord Clarendon and the Tubwoman (Vol. vii.,
p. 211.). I regret having omitted " when found,
to make a note of," the number of Chambers'
Edinburgh Journal in which I met with the anec-
dote referred to about Sir Thomas Aylesbury,
which is given at considerable length ; and having
lent my set of " Chambers " to a friend at a dis-
tance, I cannot at present furnish the reference
required; but L. will find it in one of the volumes
between 1838 and 1842 inclusive. I do not re-
collect that the periodical writer gave his authority
for the tale, but while it may very possibly be
true as regards the wife of Sir Thomas Aylesbury,
it is evident that his daughter, a wealthy heiress,
could never have been in such a position ; and it
is not recorded that Lord Clarendon had any other
wife. J. S. WARDEN.
Oaths (Vol. viii., p. G 05.). Archbishop Whit-
gift, in a sermon before Queen Elizabeth, thus
addresses her :
" As all your predecessors were at this coronation, so
you also were sworn before all the nobility and bishops
then present, and in the presence of God, and in His
stead to him that anointed you, ' to maintain the
church lands and the rights belonging to it;' and this
testified openly at the Holy Altar, by laying your hands
on the Bible then lying upon it. (See Walton's Lives,
Zouch's ed., p. 243.) "
I quote from the editor's introduction to Spel-
man's History of Sacrilege, p. 75., no doubt cor-
rectly cited. H. P.
DouUe Christian Names (Vol. vii. passim}.
The earliest instances of these among British sub-
jects that I have met with, are in the families of
James, seventh Earl, and Charles, eighth Earl, of
Derby, both of whom married foreigners ; the
second son of the former by Charlotte de la Tre-
mouille, born 24th February, 1635, and named
Henry Frederick after his grand-uncle, the stadt-
holder, is perhaps the earliest instance to be found.
J. S. WARDEN.
Chip in Porridge (Vol. i., p. 382. ; Vol. viii.,
p. 208.). The subjoined extract from a news-
paper report (Nov. 1806) of a speech of Mr.
Byng's, at the Middlesex election, clearly in-
dicates the meaning of the phrase :
" It has been said, that I have played the.game of
Mr. Mellish. I have, however, done nothing towards
his success. I have rendered him neither service nor
disservice." [" No, nor to anybody else," said a person
on the hustings; "you are a mere chip in porridge."]
W. R. D. S.
Clarence Dukedom (Vol. viii., p. 565.). W. T.
M. will find a very interesting paper on this sub-
ject, by Dr. Donaldson, in the Journal of the Bury
Archaeological Society. Q-.
Prospectuses (Vol. viii., p. 562.). I have seen
a very curious volume of prospectuses of works
contemplated and proposed, but which have never
appeared, and wherein may be found much in-
teresting matter on all departments of litera-
ture. A collection of this description would not
only be useful, but should be preserved. A list
of contemplated publications during the last half
century, collected from such sources, would not
be misplaced in " 1ST. & Q.," if an occasional
column could be devoted to the subject. Gr.
" I put a spoke in his wheel" (Vol. viii., pp. 464.
522. 576.). This phrase must have had its origin
in the days in which the vehicles used in this
country had wheels of solid wood without spokes.
Wheels so constructed I have seen in the west of
England, in Ireland, and in France. A recent
traveller in Moldo-Wallachia relates that the
people of the country go from place to place
mounted on horses, buffaloes, or oxen ; but among
the Boyards it is " fashionable " to make use o*?
a vehicle which holds a position in the scale of
conveyances a little above a wheelbarrow and a
little below a dung-cart. It is poised on four
wheels of solid wood of two feet diameter, which
are more or less rounded by means of an axe. A
vehicle used in the cultivation of the land on the
slopes of the skirts of Dartmoor in Devonshire,
has three wheels of solid wood; it resembles a
huge wheelbarrow, with two wheels behind, and
one in front of it, and has two long handles like
the handles of a plough, projecting behind for the
purpose of guiding it. It is known as " the old
three-wheeled But." As the horse is attached to
the vehicle by chains only, and he has no power
to hold it back when going down hill, the driver
is provided with a piece of wood, " a spoke," which
is of the shape of the wooden pin used for rolling
paste, for the purpose of " dragging " the front
wheel of the vehicle. This he effects by thrusting
the spoke into one of the three round holes made
in the solid wheel for that purpose. The operation
of " putting a spoke in a wheel by way of impe-
diment " may be seen in daily use on the three-
wheeled carts used by railway navvies, and on the
tram waggons with four wheels used in collieries
to convey coals from the pit's mouth. N. W. S.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Every lover of Goldsmith and who ever read one
page of his delightful writings without admiring the
author, and loving the man
'* . for shortness call Noll,
Who wrote like an angel, but talk'd like poor Poll?"
must be grateful to Mr. Murray for commencing his
New Series of the British Classics with the Works of
46
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 220.
Oliver Goldsmith, edited by Peter Cunningham, F.S.A.
The Series is intended to be distinguished by skilful
editorship, beautiful and legible type, fine paper, com-
pactness of bulk, and economy of price. Accordingly,
these handsome library volumes will be published at
7s. 6d. each. If Mr. Murray has sho\vn good tact in
choosing Goldsmith for his first author, he has shown
equal judgment in selecting Mr. Cunningham for his
editor. Our valued correspondent, it is well known,
and will be proved to the world when he gives us his
new edition of Johnson's Lives of the Poets (which by
the bye is to be included in this Series of Murray's
British Classics), has long devoted himself to the his-
tory of the lives and writings of the poets of the past
century. But in the present instance Mr. Cunning-
ham has had peculiar advantages. Beside.5 his own
collections for an edition of Goldsmith, he has had the
free and unrestricted use of the collections formed for
the same purpose by Mr. Forster and Mr. Corney :
a liberality on the part of those gentlemen which de-
serves the recognition of all true lovers of literature.
With such aid as this, and his own industry and ability
to boot, it is little wonder that Mr. Cunningham has
been able to produce under Mr. Murray's auspices the
best, handsomest, and cheapest edition of Goldsmith
which has ever issued from the press.
Of all the critics of Mr. Dod's Peerage, Baronetage,
and Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland, Mr. Dod
is himself at once the most judicious and unsparing;
and the consequence is, that every year he reproduces
his admirable compendium with some additional fea-
ture of value and interest. For instance, in the volume
for 1854, which has just been issued, we find, among
many other improvements, that, at a very considerable
cost, the attempt made in 1852 to ascertain and record
the birthplace of every person who is the possessor, or
the next heir, of any title of honour, has been renewed
and extended with such success, that many hundred
additional birthplaces are now recorded ; and the un-
known remnant has become unimportant. These
statements are perfectly new and original, acquired
from the highest sources in each individual case, and
wholly unprecedented in the production of peerage-
books.
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to
We are compelled to postpone until next week several NOTES ON
BOOKS and NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.
If MR. KF.RSLAKE will send the extract from liis catalogue which
illustrates the corrupted passage in Childe Harold, " Thy waters
wasted them," &c., we will give it insertion in our columns.
J. W. T. Thanks. Your hint shall not be lost sight of.
E. R. (Dublin). Erastianism is so called from Erastus, a
German heretic of the sixteenth century. (See, for farther par-
ticulars, Hook's Church Dictionary, s. v.)
A PRIEST. We do not like to insert this inquiry without being
able to give our readers a specific reference to some paper con-
taining the advertisement ; will he enable ns to do so ?
A. B. (Glasgow). This Correspondent appears to have fallen
into an error ; on reference he will find ether not washed is re-
commended ( Vol. vi., p. 277. ) , 'Indly, if he varnishes his pictures
with amber varnish (Vol. vii., p. 562.) previous to the application
of the black varnish, which should be Mack lacquer and not Bruns-
wick black, then he will succeed. Courtesy demands a reply ;
but we must beg a more careful reading of our recommendations,
which will save him much disappointment.
PHOTO-INQUIRER. Restoring Old Collodion. The question
was asked in a late Number. Mr. Crookes being a practical ns
well as scientific photographer, we hope to receive a solution of the
Query
INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH. This is in a very forward
state, and will be ready for delivery with No. 221. on Saturday
next.
"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. to vii., price Three Guineas
and a Half. Copies are being made up and may he had by order.
" NOTES AND QUERIES " is published at noon on Friday, so that
the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels
and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.
JAN. 14. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
47
WESTERN LIFE ASSU-
T RANGE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.
Directors.
H.E.Bicknell,Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jim. Esq.
M.P.
G. H. Drew, Esq.
W. F.vans.Esq.
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SATURDAY, JANUARY 21. 1854.
f With Index, price 1(X-
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CONTENTS.
SOTES : Page
A Plea for the City Churches, by the
Rev. R. Hooper - - - - 51
Echo Poetry - - - - - 51
Ambiguity in Public Writing - - 52
ACaroloftheKinss - - - 53
Sir W. Scott and Sir W. Napier - - 53
MINOR NOTES : Sign of Rain Commu-
nications with Iceland Starvation, an
Americanism Strange Epitaphs - 53
Buonaparte's Abdication - - - 54
Death Warnings in Ancient Familie* - 55
The Scarlet Regimentals of the English
Army ..... 55
.MINOR QUERIES : Berkhampstead Re-
cords " The secunde personne of the
Trinetee" St. John's, Oxford, and
Emmanuel, Cambridge " Malbrough
'en va-t-en guerre " Prelate quoted
in Procopius The Alibenistic Order
of Freemasons Saying respecting An-
cient History An Apology for not
speaking the Truth Sir John Morant
Portrait of Plowden Temperature
of Cathedrals _ Dr. Eleazar Duncon _
The Duke of Buckingham Charles
"Watson _ Early (German) coloured
Engravings - - - - 56
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS : _
History of M. Oufle Lysons' MSS. _
"Luke's Iron Crown " Horam
coramDago" - - - -57
Hoby Family, by Lord Braybrooke -
Poetical Tavern Sisrns - - -
Translation from Sheridan, &c. - -
Florins and the Royal Arms - -
Chronograms, by the Rev. W. Sparrow
Simpson - - - - -
Oaths, by James F. Ferguson, - -
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : Split-
ting Paper for Photographic Purposes
Curling of Iodized Paper How the
Rod is t "
Glass !
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES: Wooden
Tombs and Effiuies Epitaph on Poli-
tian Defoe's Quotation from Baxter
oil Apparitions Barrels Regiment
Sneezing Does " Wurm," in modern
German, ever mean Serpent ? Long-
fellow's Reaper and the Flowers
Charge of Plagiarism against Paley
Tin John Waugh Rev. Joshua
Brooks Hour-glass Stand Teeth
Superstition Dog-whipping Day in
Hull Mousehunt St. Paul's School
Library German Tree Derivation
of the Word "Cash" - - - 62
^MISCELLANEOUS :
Notes on Books, &c. - - 66
Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 66
-Notices to Correspondents - - 67
VOL. IX. No. 221.
A CATALOGUE of CURIOUS
J\. and ENTERTAINING BOOKS, just
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PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION.
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T
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obt
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
51
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 21, 1854.
A PLEA FOR THE CITY CHURCHES.
When a bachelor is found wandering about, he
cares not whither, your fair readers (for doubtless
such a " dealer in curiosities " as you are has
many of that sex who, however unjustly, have the
credit of the " curious " bump) will naturally ex-
claim " he must be in love," or " something hor-
rible has happened to him." Let us, however,
disappoint them by assuring them we shall keep
our own counsel. If the former be the cause,
green lanes and meandering streams would suit
his case better than Gracechurch Street, London,
with the thermometer five or six degrees below
freezing point, and the snow (!) the colour and
consistency of chocolate. Such a situation, how-
ever, was ours, when our friend the Incumbent of
Holy Trinity, Minories, accosted us. He was
going to his church; would we accompany him ?
We would have gone to New Zealand with him, if
he had asked us, at that moment. The locale of
the Minories was nearly as unknown to us as the
aforesaid flourishing colony. On entering the
church (which will not repay an architectural
zealot), while our friend was extracting a burial
register, our eye fell on an old monument or two.
There was a goodly Sir John Pelham, who had
been cruelly cut down by the hand of death in
1580, looking gravely at his sweet spouse, a dame
of the noble house of Bletsoe. Behind him is
kneeling his little son and heir Oliver, whom, as
the inscription informs us, " Death enforced to
follow fast " his papa, as he died in 1584.
And there was a stately monument of the first
Lord Dartmouth, a magnanimous hero, and Master
of the Ordnance to Charles II. and his renegade
brother. We were informed that a gentleman in
the vestry had come for the certificate of the
burial of Viscount Lewisham, who died some
thirty years ago ; that the Legge family were all
buried here ; that after having dignified the aris-
tocratic parish of St. George, Hanover Square,
and the salons of May Fair, during life, they were
content to lie quietly in the Minories ! Does not
the high blood of the " city merchant " of the
present day, of the "gentleman" of the Stock
Exchange, curdle at the thought ? Yes, there lie
many a noble heart, many a once beautiful face ;
but we must now- a- days, forsooth, forget the
City as soon as we have made our money in its
dirty alleys. To lie there after death ! pooh, the
thought is absurd. (Thanks to Lord Palmerston,
we have no option now.)
Well, we were then asked by the worthy In-
cumbent, " Would you not like to see my head ?"
Did he take us for a Lavater or a Spurzheim ?
However, we were not left in suspense long, for
out of the muniment closet was produced a tin
box ; we thought of Heading biscuits, but we were
undeceived shortly. Taken out carefully and
gently, was produced a human head ! No mere
skull, but a perfect human head ! Alas ! its
wearer had lost it in an untimely hour. Start
not, fair reader ! we often lose our heads and
hearts too, but not, we hope, in the mode our poor
friend did. It was clear a choice had been given
to him, but it was a Hobson's choice. He had
been axed whether he would or no ! He had been
decapitated ! We were told that now ghastly
head had once been filled with many an anxious,
and perhaps happy, thought. It had had right
royal ideas. It was said to be the head of Henry
Grey, Duke of Suffolk, the father of the sweet
Lady Jane Grey. We could muse and moralise ;
but Captain Cuttle cuts us short, " When found,
make a Note of it." We found it then there, Sir ;
will you make the Note ? The good captain does
not like to be prolix. Has his esteemed old re-
lative, Sylvanus Urban (many happy new years to
him !), made the note before ?
We came away, shall we say better in mind ?
Yes, said we, a walk in the City may be as in-
structive, and as good a cure for melancholy, as
the charming country. An old city church can
tell its tale, and a good one too. We thought of
those quaint old monuments, handed down from
older churches 'tis true, but still over the slum-
bering ashes of our forefathers; and when the
thought of the destroying hand that hung over
them arose amid many associations, the Bard of
Avon's fearful monumental denunciation came to
our aid :
" Blest be the man that spares these stones,
And curst be he that moves these bones."
EICHARD HOOPER.
St. Stephen's, Westminster.
ECHO POETR3T.
" A Dialogue between a Glutton and Echo .
Gl. My belly I do deifie.
Echo. Fie.
GL Who curbs his appetite's a fool.
Echo. Ah fool !
Gl. I do not like this abstinence.
Echo. Hence.
GL My joy 's a feast, rny wish is wine.
Echo. Swine !
GL We epicures are happie truly.
Echo. You lie.
GL Who's that which giveth me the lie?
Echo. I.
Gl. What ? Echo, thou that mock'st a voice ?
Echo. A voice.
GL May I not, Echo, eat my fill?
Echo. 111.
52
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 221.
Gl Will't hurt me if I drink too much ?
Echo. Much.
GL Thou mock'st me, Nymph ; I'll not believe it.
Echo. Believe't.
GL Dost thou condemn then what I do ?
Echo. I do.
GL I grant it doth exhaust the purse.
Echo. Worse.
GL Is't this which dulls the sharpest wit?
Echo. Best wit.
GL Is't this which brings infirmities ?
Echo. It is.
GL Whither will't bring my soul ? canst tell ?
Echo. T hell.
GL Dost thou no gluttons virtuous know ?
Echo. No.
GL Wouldst have me temperate till I die ?
Echo. I.
GL Shall I therein finde ease and pleasure ?
Echo. Yea sure.
GL But is 't a thing which profit brings?
Echo. It brings.
GL To minde or bodie ? or to both?
Echo. To both.
GL Will it my life on earth prolong ?
Echo. O long !
GL Will it make me vigorous until death? j
Echo. Till death.
GL Will't bring me to eternall blisse ? '
Echo. Yes.
Gl. Then, sweetest Temperance, I'll love thee.
Echo. I love thee.
Gl. Then, swinish Gluttonie, I'll leave thee.
Echo. I'll leave thee.
GL I'll be a belly-god no more.
Echo. No more.
GL If all be true which thou dost tell,
They who fare sparingly fare well.
Echo. Farewell.
S. J."
* l Hygiasticon : or the right Course of preserving Life
and Health unto extream old Age : together with
soundnesse and integritie of the Senses, Judge-
ment, and Memorie. Written in Latine by
Leonard Lessius, and now drfne into English.
24mo. Cambridge, 1634."
I send the above poem, and title of the work it
is copied from, in the hope it may interest those
of your correspondents who have lately been
turning their attention to this style of composi-
tion. H. B.
Warwick.
AMBIGUITY IN PUBLIC WRITING.
In Brenan's Composition and Punctuation, pub-
lished by Wilson, Royal Exchange, he strongly
condemns the one and the other, as used for the
former and the latter, or the first and the last.
The understood rule is, that the one refers to the
nearest or latter person or thing mentioned, and
the other to the farthest or former ; and if that
were strictly adhered to, no objection could be
raised. But I have found, from careful observation
for two or three years past, that some of our
standard writers reverse the rule, and use the one
for the former, and the other for the latter, by
which I have often been completely puzzled to
know what they meant in cases of importance.
Now, since there is not the slightest chance of
unanimity here, I think the author is right in con-
demning their referential usage altogether. A
French grammarian says, " Ce qui n'est pas clair
n'est pas FranQais;" but though French is far
from having no ambiguities, he showed that he
fully appreciated what ought to be the proudest
boast of any language, clearness. There is a
notable want of it on the marble tablet under the
portico of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, which says :
" The church of this parish having been destroyed
by fire on the 17th day of September, A. D. 1795, was
rebuilt, and opened for divine service on the 1st day of
August, A.D. 1798."
The writer, no doubt, congratulated himself on
avoiding the then common error, in similar cases,
of " This church having," &c. ; for that asserted,
that the very building we were looking at was
burned down ! But in eschewing one manifest
blunder, he fell /into ambiguity and inconclusive-
ness equally reprehensible. For, as it never was
imperative that a parish church should be always
confined to a particular spot, we are left in doubt
as to where the former one stood ; nor, indeed,
are we told whether the present building is the
parish church. Better thus : " The church of
this parish, which stood on the present site, having,"
&c.
Even with this change another seems necessary,
for we should then be virtually informed, as we
are now, that the church was rebuilt, and opened
for divine service, in one day ! * Such is the care
requisite, when attempting comprehensive brevity,
for the simplest historical record intended to go
down to posterity. It is no answer to say, that
every one apprehends what the inscription means,
for that would sanction all kinds of obscurity and
blunders. When Paddy tells us of wooden panes
of glass and mile-stones ; of dividing a thing into
three halves ; of backing a carriage straight for-
wards, or of a dismal solitude where nothing
could be heard but silence, we all perfectly under-
stand what he means, while we laugh at his un-
conscious union of sheer impossibilities. CIARUS.
* The following arrangement, which only slightly
alters the text, corrects the main defects : " The church
of this parish, which stood on the present site, was de-
stroyed by fire on [date] ; and, having been rebuilt,
was opened for divine service on [date],"
JAN. 21. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
53
A CAROL OF THE KINGS.
According to one legend, the three sons of Noah
were raised from the dead to represent all mankind at
Bethlehem. According to another, they slept a deep
sleep in a cavern on Ararat until Messias was born, and
then an angel aroused and showed them The Southern
Cross, then first created to be the beacon of their way.
When the starry signal had fulfilled its office it went
on, journeying towards the south, until it reached its
place to bend above The Peaceful Sea in memorial of
the Child Jesu.
I.
Three ancient men, in Bethlehem's cave,
With awful wonder stand :
A Voice had call'd them from their grave
In some far Eastern land 1
IT.
They lived : they trod the former earth,
When the old waters swell'd :
The ark, that womb of second birth,
Their house and lineage held !
in.
Pale Japhet bows the knee with gold ;
Bright Shem sweet incense brings :
And Ham the myrrh his fingers hold
Lo ! the Three Orient Kings !
IV.
Types of the total earth, they hail'd
The signal's starry frame :
Shuddering with second life, they quailM
At the Child Jesu's name !
v.
Then slow the patriarchs turn'd and trod,
And this their parting sigh
" Our eyes have seen the living God,
And now, once more to die ! "
H. or M.
SIR W. SCOTT AND SIR W. NAPIER.
Some short time ago there appeared in The
Times certain letters relative to a song of Sir
Walter Scott in disparagement of Fox, said to have
been sung at the dinner given in Edinburgh on
the acquittal of Viscount Melville. In one letter,
signed " W. Napier," it is asserted, on the au-
thority of a lady, that Scott sang the song, which
gave great offence to the Whig party at the time.
Now, I must take the liberty of declaring this
assertion to be incorrect. I had the honour of
knowing pretty intimately Sir Walter from the
year 1817 down to the period of his departure for
the^ Continent. I have been present at many con-
vivial meetings with him, and conversed with him
times without number, and he has repeatedly de-
clared that, although fond of music, he could not
sing from his boyhood, and could not even hum a
tune so as to be intelligible to a listener. The
idea, therefore, of his making such a public ex-
hibition of himself as to sing at a public meeting,
is preposterous.
But in the next place the cotemporary evidence
on the subject is conclusive. An account of the
dinner was published in the Courunt newspaper,
and it is there stated " that one song was sung,
the poetry of which was said to come from the
muse of ' the last lay,' and was sung with ad-
mirable effect by the proprietor of the Ballantyne
It is perhaps unnecessary to explain that the
singer was the late John Ballantyne, and I have
my doubts if the song referred to in the contro-
versy was the one sung upon the occasion. This,
however, is merely a speculation arising from the
fact, that this was a song not included in Sir
Walter Scott's works, which upon the very highest
authority I have been informed was sung there,
but of which Lord Ellenborough, and not Charles
Fox, was the hero. It is entitled " Justice Law,"
and is highly laudatory of the Archbishop of Can-
terbury. It has been printed in the Supplement
to the Court of Session Garland, p. 10., and the
concluding verse is as follows :
" Then here's to the prelate of wisdom and fame,
Tho' true Presbyterians we'll drink to his name ;
Long, long may he live to teach prejudice awe,
And since Melville's got justice, the devil take law."
Again I repeat this conjecture may be erroneous ;
but that Sir Walter never sung any song at all
at the meeting is, I think, beyond dispute. J. M.
Sign of Rain. Not far from Weobley, co.
Hereford, is a high hill, on the top of which is a
clump of trees called " Ladylift Clump," and thus
named in the Ordnance map : it is a proverbial
expression in the surrounding neighbourhood, that
when this clump is obscured with clouds, wet
weather soon follows ; connected with which, many
years since I met with the following lines, which
may prove interesting to many of your readers :
When Ladie Lift
Puts on her shift,
Shee feares a downright raine ;
But when she doffs it, you will finde
The raine is o'er, and still the winde,
And Phcebus shine againe."
What is the origin of this name having been given
to the said clump of trees ? J. B. WHITBORNE.
Communications ivith Iceland. In the summer
of 1851 1 directed attention to the communications
with Iceland. I am just informed that the Danish
government will send a war steamer twice next
summer to the Faroe Islands and to Iceland,
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 221.
calling at Leith both ways for passengers. The
times of sailing will probably be announced to-
wards spring in the public prints. This oppor-
tunity of visiting that strange and remarkable
island in so advantageous a manner is worthy of
notice, as desirable modes of getting there very
rarely occur.
The observing traveller, in addition to the
wonders of nature, should not fail to note there
the social and physical condition, and diseases of
the inhabitants. He will there find still lingering,
fostered by dirt, bad food, and a squalid way of
living, the true leprosy (in Icelandic, spelalshd)
-which prevailed throughout Europe in the Middle
Ages; and which now survives only there, in Nor-
way, and in some secluded districts in central and
southern Europe. He will also note the remark-
able exemption of the Icelanders from pulmonary
consumption ; a fact which seems extraordinary,
considering the extreme dampness, inclemency,
and variability of the climate. But the con-
sumptive tendency is always found to cease north
of a certain parallel of latitude.
WM. E. C. NOUBSK.
8. Burwood Place, Hyde Park.
Starvation, an Americanism. Strange as it may
appear, it is nevertheless quite true that this
word, now unhappily so common on every tongue,
as representing the condition of so many of the
sons and daughters of the sister lands of Great
Britain and Ireland, is not to be found in our own
English dictionaries ; neither in Todd's Johnson,
published in 1826," nor in Richardson's, published
ten years later, nor in Smart's Walker remo-
delled published about the same time as Ri-
chardson's. It is Webster who has the credit of
importing it from his country into this; -and in a
supplement issued a few years ago, Mr. Smart
adopted it as "a trivial word, but in very common,
and at present good use."
What a lesson might Mr. Trench read us, that
it should be so !
Our older poets, to the time of Dryden, used
the compound " hunger-starved." We now say,
, starved witli cold. Chaucer speaks of Christ as
" He that star/ for our redemption," of Creseide
"which well nigh starf for feare;" Spenser, of
arms " which doe men in bale to sterve." (See
Starve in Richardson.) In the Pardoneres Tale,
v. 12799:
" Ye (yea), sterve he shall, and that in lesse while
Than thou wilt gon a pas not but a mile ;
This poison is so strong and violent."
And again, v. 12822 :
*' It happed him
To take the hotelle there the poison was,
And dronke ; and gave his felau drinke also,
For which anone they storven bothe two."
Mr. Tyrwhit explains, " to die, to perish ; " and
the general meaning of the word was, "to die, or
cause to die, to perish, to destroy." Q.
Strange Epitaphs. The following combined
" bull " and epitaph may amuse your readers. I
copied it in April, 1850, whilst on an excursion
to explore the gigantic tumuli of New Grange,
Dowth, &c.
Passing through the village of Monknewtown,
about four miles from Drogheda, I entered a
burial-ground surrounding the ivy-clad ruins of a
chapel. In the midst of a group of dozen or more
tombstones, some very old, all bearing the name
of "Kelly," was a modern upright slab, well
executed, inscribed,
" Erected by PATRICK KELLY,
Of the Towii of Drogheda, Mariner,
In Memory of his Posterity."
" Also the above PATRICK KELLY,
Who departed this Life the 12th August, 1844,
Aged 60 years.
Requiescat in Pace."
I gave a copy of this to a friend residing at
Llanbeblig, Carnarvonshire, who forwarded me the
annexed from a tombstone in the parish church-
yard there :
" Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven.
Here lie the Remains of THOMAS CHAMBERS,
Dancing Master ;
Whose genteel address and assiduity
in Teaching,
Recommended him to all that had the
Pleasure of his acquaintance.
He died June 13, 1765,
Aged 31."
R. H. B.
Bath.
tterfetf.
BUONAPARTE'S ABDICATION.
A gentleman living in the neighbourhood of
London bought a table five or six years ago at
Wilkinson's, an old established upholsterer on
Ludgate Hill.
In a concealed part of the leg of the table he
found a brass plate, on which was the following
inscription :
" Le Cinq d'Avril, dix-huit cent quatorze, Napoleon
Buonaparte signa son abdication sur cette table dans
le cabinet de travail du Roi, Ie2me apres la chatnbre a
coucher, a Fontainebleau."
The people at Wilkinson's could give no account
of the table : they said it had been a long time in
the shop ; they did not remember of whom it had
JAN. 21. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
been bought, and were surprised when the brass
plate was pointed out to them.
The table is a round one, and rather pretty
looking, about two feet and a half in diameter,
and supported on one leg. It does not look like
a table used for writing^but rather resembles a
lady's work-table. The wood with which it is
veneered has something the appearance of beef
wood.
Wilkinson's shop does not now exist : he used
to deal in curiosities, and was employed as an
auctioneer.
The gentleman who bought this table is de-
sirous of ascertaining at what time the table still
shown at Fontainebleau, as that on which the ab-
dication was signed, was first exhibited : whether
immediately after the restoration of the Bourbons,
or later, in consequence of a demand for shows of
that sort ? Whether it is a fact that the Bourbons
turned out the imperial furniture from Fontaine-
bleau and other palaces after their return ?
The date, "cinq d'Avril," is wrong; the abdi-
cation was signed on the 4th. This error, how-
ever, leads one to suspect that the table is genuine :
as any one preparing a sham table would have
been careful in referring to printed documents.
From the tenor of the inscription, we may infer
that it is the work of a Royalist.
The Marshals present with Napoleon when he
signed his abdication were Ney, Oudinot, and
Lefevre ; and perhaps Caulincourt. A CANTAB.
University Club.
DEATH WARNINGS IN ANCIENT FAMILIES.
I marvel much that none of your contributors in
this line have touched upon a very interesting
branch of legendary family folk lore, namely, the
supernatural appearances, and other circumstances
of a ghostly nature, that are said to invariably pre-
cede a death in many time-honoured families of the
united kingdoms.
We have all heard of the mysterious " White
Ladye," that heralds the approach of death, or
dire calamity, to the royal house of Hohenzollern.
In like manner, the apparition of two gigantic
owls upon the battlements of Wardour is said to
give sad warning to the noble race of Arundel.
The ancient Catholic family of Middleton have
the same fatal announcement made to them by
the spectral visitation of a Benedictine nun ;
while a Cheshire house of note, I believe that of
Brereton, are prepared for the last sad hour by
the appearance of large trunks of trees floating in
a lake in the immediate vicinity of their family
mansion. To two families of venerable antiquity,
and both, if I remember right, of the county of
Lancashire, the approaching death of a relative is
made known in one case by loud and continued
knockings at the hall door at the solemn hour of
midnight ; and in the other, by strains of wild
and unearthly music floating in the air.
The " Banshee," well known in Ireland, and in.
the highlands of Scotland, is, I believe, attached
exclusively to families of Celtic origin, and is
never heard of below the Grampian range ; al-
though the ancient border house of Kirkpatrick
of Closeburn (of Celtic blood by the way) is said
to be attended by a familiar of this kind.
Again, many old manor-houses are known to
have been haunted by a friendly, good-natured
sprite, ycelpt a " Brownie," whose constant care
it was to save the household domestics as much
trouble as possible, by doing all their drudgery
for them during the silent hours of repose. Who
has not heard, for instance, of the "Boy of
Hilton ? " Of this kindly race, I have no doubt,
many interesting anecdotes might be rescued from
the dust of time and oblivion, and preserved for
us in the pages of " N. & Q."
I hope that the hints I have ventured to throw
out may induce some of your talented contri-
butors to follow up the subject.
JOHN o' THE FORD.
Malta.
THE SCARLET REGIMENTALS OF THE ENGLISH
ARMY.
When was the English soldier first dressed in
red ? It has been said the yeomen of the guard
(vulgo Beef- eaters) were the company which ori-
ginally wore that coloured uniform ; but, seventy
years before they were established, viz. termo.
Henry V., it appears the military uniform of his
army was red :
" Rex vestit suos rulro, et parat transire in Nor-
maniam." Archceolog. Soc. Antiquar., Lond., vol. xxi.
p. 292.
William III. not only preferred that colour, but
he thought it degrading to the dignity of his
soldiers that the colour should be adopted for the
dress of any inferior class of persons ; and there is
an order now extant, signed by Henry, sixth Duke
of Norfolk, as Earl Marshal, dated Dec. 20, 1698,
" Forbidding any persons to use for their liveries scar-
let or red cloth, or stuff; except his Majesty's servants
and guards, and those belonging to the royal family
or foreign ministers."
William IV., who had as much of true old
English feeling as any monarch who ever swayed
the English sceptre, ordered scarlet to be the
universal colour of our Light Dragoons ; but two
or three years afterwards he was prevailed upon,
from some fancy of those about him, to return to
the blue again. Still, it is well known that dress-
ing our Light Dragoons in the colour prevailing
56
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 221.
with other nations has led to serious mistakes in
time of action. A.
Serkhampstead Records. Where are the re-
cords of the now extinct corporation of Great
Berkhampstead, co. Herts, incorporated 1618?
And when did it cease to exercise corporate rights,
and why ? J. K.
" The secunde personne of the Trinetee "
(Vol.viii., p. 131.)- What does the "old En-
glish Homily" mean by "a wornanne who was the
secunde personne of the Trinetee ?" J. P. S.
St. Johns, Ox ford, and Emmanuel, Cambridge.
Can your readers give me any information re-
specting Thomas Collis, B.A., of St. John's Col-
lege, Oxford, ordained priest by Richard (Rey-
nolds), Bishop of Lincoln, at Buckden, 29th May,
1743 ? What church preferment did he hold,
where did he die, and where was he buried ?
Also of John Clendon, B.D., Fellow of Em-
manuel College, Cambridge, who was presented to
the vicarage of Brompton-Regis, Somerset, by
his College, in or about the year 1752 ? His cor-
respondence with the Fellows of Emmanuel is
amusing, as giving an insight into the every-day
life of Cambridge a century ago. You shall have
a letter or two ere long as a specimen.
THOMAS COLLIS.
Boston.
*' MalbrougTi s'en va-t-en guerre." Some years
ago, at a book-stall in Paris, I met with a work in
one volume, being a dissertation in French on the
origin and early history of the once popular song,
'\Malbrough s'en va-t-en guerre." It seemed to
contain much information of a curious and inte-
resting character ; and the author's name, if I
remember rightly, is Blanchard. I have since
made several attempts to discover the title of the
book, with the view of procuring a copy of it, but
without success. Can any of your readers assist
me in this matter ? HENRY H. BREEN.
St. Lucia.
Prelate quoted in Procopius. In the 25th
note (a), chap, xl., of Gibbon's Decline and Fall,
there is a quotation from Procopius. Can any of
your readers conjecture who is meant by the
" learned prelate now deceased," who was fond of
quoting the said passage. 2.
The Alibenistic Order of Freemasons. Can
any of your readers, masonic or otherwise, inform
me what is meant by this order of Freemasons ?
The work of Henry O'Brien on the Round Towers
of Ireland is dedicated to them, and in his preface
they are much eulogised. H. W. D.
Saying respecting Ancient History. In Nie-
buhr's Lectures on Ancient History, vol. i. p. 355. r
I find
" An ingenious man once said, ' It is thought that at
length people will come to read ancient history as if
it had really happened,' a remark which is really excel-
lent."
Who was this "ingenious man" ?
J.P.
An Apology for not speaking the Truth. Can any
of your correspondents kindly inform me where
the German song can be found from which the
following lines are taken ?
" When first on earth the truth was born,
She crept into a hunting-horn ;
The hunter came, the horn was blown,
But where truth went, was never known."
W. W.
Malta.
Sir John Morant. In the fourth volume of
Sir John Froissart's Chronicles, and in the tenth
and other chapters, he mentions the name of a
Sir John Morant, Knight, or Sir John of Chatel
Morant, who lived in 1390-6. How can I find
out his pedigree ? or whether he is an ancestor
of the Hampshire family of Morants, or of the
Rev. Philip Morant ? H. H. M.
Malta.
Portrait of Plowden. Is any portrait of Ed-
mund Plowden the lawyer known to exist ? and if
so, where ? P. P. P.
Temperature of Cathedrals. Can any of your
readers favour me with a report from observation
of the greatest and least heights of the thermo-
meter in the course of a year, in one of our large
cathedrals ?
I am informed that Professor Phillips, in a
geological work, has stated that the highest and
lowest temperatures in York Minster occur about
five weeks after the solstices ; but it does not ap-
pear that the altitudes are named. T.
Dr. Eleazar Duncon. Dr. Eleazar Duncon
was of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, D.D., anno
1633, Rector of Houghton Regis same year, Chap-
lain to King Charles I., Prebendary of Durham.
He is supposed to have died during the interreg-
num. Can any of your correspondents say when,
or where ? D. D.
The Duke of Buckingham. Do the books of the
Honorable Society of the Middle Temple disclose
any particulars relating to a " scandalous letter,"
believed to have been written by "a Templar 1 *
to George Villiers, the Great Duke of Bucking-
ham, in 1626, the year before his grace was assas-
sinated by Felton ; which letter was found by a
servant of the inn in a Temple drinking-pot, by
JAN. 21. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
whom it was handed over to the then treasurer of
the Society, Nicholas Hide, Esq. ? and was the
author of such scandalous letter ever discovered
and prosecuted ? CESTRIENSIS.
Charles Watson. Can any of your readers give
me any account of Charles Watson, of Hertford
College, Oxford, author of poems, and Charles the
First, a tragedy ?
I believe a short memoir of this author was
to have appeared in BlackwoocCs Magazine (the
second volume, I think) ; it was never published,
however. A. Z.
? Early (German) coloured Engravings. I have
six old coloured engravings, which I suppose to
be part of a series, as they are numbered re-
spectively 1, 2. 4. 11, 12, 14. They are mounted
on panels ; and on the back of each is a piece
of vellum, on which some descriptive verses
in old German have been written. The ink re-
tains its blackness ; but dirt, mildew, and ill usage
have rendered nearly all the inscriptions illegible,
and greatly damaged the pictures ; yet, through
the laborious colouring and the stains, good draw-
ing and expression are visible. Perhaps a brief
description may enable some of your readers to
tell me whether they are known.
Nos. 1. and 11. are so nearly obliterated, that I
will not attempt to describe them. No. 2. seems
to be St. George attacking the dragon. The in-
scription is :
" Hier merke Sobn gar schnell und bald,
Von grausam schwartzeu Thier im Wald."
No. 4. A stag and a unicorn :
" Man ist von Nothin dass ibr wiszt,
Im Wald em Hirsch und Eikhorn ist."
No. 12. An old man with wings, and a younger
wearing a crown and sword. They are on the
top of a mountain overlooking the sea. The sun
is in the left corner, and the moon and stars on the
right. The perspective is very good. Inscription
obliterated.
No. 14. The same persons, and a king on his
throne. The elder in the background ; the
younger looking into the king's mouth, which is
opened to preternatural wideness :
" Sohn in dein Abwesen war ich tod,
Und mein Leben in grosser Notb ;
Aber in dein Beysein thue icb leben,
Dein Widerkunff't mir Freudt thut geben."
The inscription is long, but of the rest only a
word here and there is legible. Any information
on this subject will oblige, H.
History of M. Oufle. Johnson, in his Life of
Pope, says of the Memoirs of ScriUerus :
" The design cannot boast of mucb originality : for,
besides its general resemblance to Don Quixote, there
will be found in it particular imitations of the History
of M. Oufle."
What is the History of M. Oufte
L.M.
[ The History of the Religious Extravagancies of Mon-
sieur Oufle is a remarkable book, written by the Abbe
Bordelon, and first published, we believe, at Amster-
dam, in 2 vols., 1710. The Paris edition of 1754, in
2 vols., entitled L? Histoire des Imaginations Extrava-
gantes de Monsieur Oufte, is the best, as it contains some
curious illustrations. From the title-page we learn
that the work was " Occasioned by the author having"
read books treating of magic, the black art, demoniacs,
conjurors, witches, hobgoblins, incubuses, succubuses,
and the diabolical Sabbath ; of elves, fairies, wanton
spirits, geniuses, spectres, and ghosts ; of dreams, the
philosopher's stone, judicial astrology, horoscopes,
talismans, lucky and unlucky days, eclipses, comets,
and all sorts of apparitions, divinations, charms, en-
chantments, and other superstitious practices ; with
notes containing a multitude of quotations out of those
books which have either caused such extravagant ima-
ginations, or may serve to cure them." If any of our
readers should feel inclined to collect what we may
term " A Diabolical Library," he has only to consult
vol. i. ch. iii. for a catalogue of the principal books in
Mons. Oufle's study, which is the most curious list of
the black art we have ever seen. An English trans-
lation of these Religious Extravagancies was published
in 1711.]
Ly sons' MSS. Is the present repository of
the MS. notes, used by Messrs. Lysons in editing
their great work, the Magna Britannia, known ?
T. P. L.
[The topographical collections made by the Rev.
Daniel Lysons for the Magna Britannia and the En-
virons of London, making sixty-four volumes, are in
the British Museum, Add. MSS. 94089471. They
were presented by that gentleman.]
"Luke's Iron Crown" (Goldsmith's Traveller,
last line but two). To whom does this refer, and
what are the particulars ? P. J. (A Subscriber).
[This Query is best answered by the following note
from Mr. P. Cunningham's new edition of Goldsmith :
" When Tom Davies, at the request of Granger,
asked Goldsmith about this line, Goldsmith referred
him for an explanation of ' Luke's iron crown' to a
book called Geographie Curieuse ; .and added, that by
' Damiens' bed of steel ' he meant the rack. See
Granger's Letters, 8vo., 1805, p. 52.
" George and Luke Dosa were two brothers who
headed an unsuccessful revolt against the Hungarian
nobles at the opening of the sixteenth century : and
George (not Luke) underwent the torture of the red-
58
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 221.
hot iron crown, as a punishment for allowing himself
to be proclaimed King of Hungary (1513) by the
rebellious peasants (see Biographic Universelle, xi.
604.). The two brothers belonged to one of the native
races of Transylvania called Szecklers, or Zecklers
(Forster's Goldsmith, i. 395., edit. 1854)."]
" Horam coram Dago" In the first volume
of Lavengro, p. 89. :
" From the river a chorus plaintive, wild, the words
of which seem in memory's ear to sound like ' Horam
coram Dago/ "
I have somewhere read a song, the chorus or
refrain of which contained these three words.
Can any of your readers explain ? 2.
[Our correspondent is thinking of the song " Amo,
amas," by O'Keefe, which will be found in The Uni-
versal Songster, vol. i. p. 52., and other collections.
We subjoin the chorus :
" Rorum coram,
Sunt divorum,
Harum scarum
Divo 1
Tag rag, merry derry, per ri wig and hat-band,
Hie hoc horum genitivo ! "]
HOBY FAMILY.
(Vol. ix., p. 19.)
Many years have passed away since I went over
Bisham Abbey ; but I was then informed that any
family portraits belonging to the old House had
been taken away by the widow of Sir John Hoby
Mill, Baronet, who sold the property to Mr. George
Vansittart in 1780, or shortly afterwards. I am
not aware that there are any engraved portraits
of the Hobys, excepting those mentioned by your
correspondent MR. WHITBORNE, which form part
of the series of Holbein's Heads, published in
1792 by John Chamberlaine, from the original
drawings still in the royal collection. In the
meagre account of the persons represented in that
work, Lady Hoby is described as " Elizabeth, one
of the four daughters of Sir Antony Cooke, of
Gidea Hall, Essex," and widow of Sir Thomas
Hoby, who died in 1566, a v t Paris, whilst on an
embassy there. The lady remarried John Lord
Russell, eldest son of Francis, second Earl of
Bedford, whom she also survived, and deceasing
23rd of July, 1584, was buried in Bisham Church,
in which she bad erected a chapel containing
splendid monuments to commemorate her husbands
and herself. The inscriptions will be found in
Ashmole's Berkshire, vol. ii. p. 464., and in Wot-
ton's Baronetage, vol. iv. p. 504., where the Hoby
crest is given as follows ; " On a chapeau gules
turned up ermine, a wolf reerreant arsrent." The
armorial bearings are described very minutely in
Edward Steele's Account of Bisham Church,
Gough MSS., vol. xxiv., Bodleian, which contains
some other notices of the parish. BRAYBROOKE.
POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.
(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452. 626.)
I send two specimens from this neighbourhood,
which may, perhaps, be worth inserting in your
columns.
The first is from a public-house on the Basing-
stoke road, about two miles from this town. The
sign-board exhibits on one side "the lively
effigies " of a grenadier in full uniform, holding in
his hand a foaming pot of ale, on which he gazes
apparently with much complacency and satisfaction.
On the other side are these lines :
" This is the Whitley Grenadier,
A noted house for famous beer.
My friend, if you should chance to call,
Beware and get not drunk withal ;
Let moderation be your guide,
It answers jvell whene'er 'tis try'd.
Then use but not abuse strong beer,
And don't forget the Grenadier."
The next specimen, besides being of a higher
class, has somewhat of an historical interest. In
a secluded part of the Oxfordshire hills, at a place
called Collins' s End, situated between Hardwick
House and Goring Heath, is a neat little rustic
inn, having for its sign a well-executed portrait of
Charles I. There is a tradition that this unfor-
tunate monarch, while residing as a prisoner at
Caversham, rode one day, attended by an escort,
into this part of the country, and hearing that
there was a bowling-green at this inn, frequented
by the neighbouring gentry, struck down to the
house, and endeavoured to forget his sorrows for
awhile in a game at bowls. This circumstance is
alluded to in the following lines, which are written
beneath the sign-board :
" Stop, traveller, stop ; in yonder peaceful glade,
His favourite game the royal martyr play'd ;
Here, stripp'd of honours, children, freedom, rank,
Drank from the bowl, and bowl'd for what he drank ;
Sought in a cheerful glass his cares to drown,
And changed his guinea, ere he lost his crown."
The sign, which seems to be a copy from Van-
dyke, though much faded from exposure to the
weather, evidently displays an amount of artistic
skill that is not usually to be found among common
sign-painters. I once made some inquiries about
it of the people of the house, but the only inform-
ation they could give me was that they believed it
to have been painted in London. G. T.
Reading.
JAN. 21. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
59
TRANSLATION FROM SHERIDAN, ETC.
(Vol. viii., p. 563.)
I cannot furnish BALLIOLENSIS with the trans-
lation from Sheridan he requires, but I am ac-
quainted with that from Goldsmith. It is to be
found somewhere in Valpy's Classical Journal.
As that work is in forty volumes, and not at hand,
I am not able to give a more precise reference.
I recollect, however, a few of the lines at the
beginning :
" Incola deserti, gressus refer, atque precanti
Sis mihi noctivagas dux, bone amice, viae ;
Dirige qua lampas solatia luce benigna
Praebet, et hospitii munera grata sui.
Solus enim tristisque puer deserta per agro,
JEgre membra trahens deficiente pede,
Qua, spatiis circum immensis porrecta, patescunt
Me visa augeri progrediente, loca."
" Ulterius ne perge," senex, "jam mitte vagari,
Teque iterum noctis, credere, amice, dolis :
Luce trahit species certa in discrimina fati,
Ah nimium nescis quo malefida trahat !
Hie inopi domus, hie requies datur usque vaganti,
Parvaque quantumvis dona, libente tnanu.
Ergo verte pedes, caliginis imminet bora,
Sume libens quidquid parvula cella tenet . . ."
No doubt there is a copy of the Classical Journal
in the Bodleian ; and if BALLIOLENSIS can give me
volume and page, I in turn shall be much obliged
to him. HYPATIA.
The lines to which your correspondent BALLIO-
LENSIS refers
" Coriscia ni dextram dextera pressa premat."
are a translation of the song in Sheridan's Duenna,
Act I. Sc. 2., beginning
" I ne'er could any lustre see," &c.
They were done by Marmaduke Lawson, of St.
John's College, Cambridge, for the Pitt Scholar-
ship in 1814, for which he was successful :
" Phyllidis effugiunt nos lumina. Dulcia sunto.
Pulcra licet, nobis baud ea pulcra micant.
Nectar erat labiis, dum spes erat ista tenendi,
Spes perit, isque simul, qui erat ante, decor.
Votis me Galatea petit. Caret arte puella,
Parque rosis tenero vernat in ore color :
Sed nihil ista juvant. Forsan tamen ista juvabunt.
Si jaceant, victa marte, rubore genee :
Pura manus mollisqne fluit. Neque credere possum.
Ut sit vera fides, ista premenda mihi est.
Nee bene credit amor (nara res est plena timoris),
Conscia ni dextram dextera pressa premat.
Ecce movet pectus suspiria. Pectora nostris
Ista legenda oculis, si meus urat amor.
Et, nostri modo cura memor nostrique caloris
Tangat earn, facere id non pudor ullus erit."
I have not sent the English, as it can be easily
got at. The other translation I am not acquainted
with. -D
FLORINS AND THE ROYAL ARMS.
(Vol. viii., p. 621.)
The placing of the royal arms in four separate
shields in the form of a cross first occurred upon
the medals struck upon the nativity of King
Charles II., anno 1630 ; and adopted upon the
reverse of the coins for the first time in 1662,
upon the issue of what was then termed the im-
proved milled coin, where the arms are so placed,
having the star of the Garter in the centre ; the
crowns intersecting the legend, and two crowns
interlaced in each quarter. The shields, as here
marshalled, are each surmounted by a crown ;
having in the top and bottom shield France and
England quarterly, Ireland on the dexter side
(which is the second place), and on the sinister
Scotland.* But on the milled money which fol-
lowed, France and England being borne separately,
that of France, which had been constantly borne
in the first quarter singly until James I., and after-
wards in the first place quarterly with England,
is placed in the bottom shield or fourth quarter.
Mr. Leake, in his Historical Account of English
Money f, after remarking that this irregular bear-
ing first appeared upon the nativity medals of
Charles II. in 1630, where the shields are placed
in this manner, adds, that this was no doubt
originally owing to the ignorance of the graver,
who knew no other way to place the arms circu-
larly than following each other, like the titles,
unless (as I have heard, says he) that the arms of
each kingdom might fall under the respective title
in the legend; and this witty conceit has ever
since prevailed upon the coin, except in some of
King William and Queen Mary's money, where the
arms are rightly marshalled in one shield. That
this was owing to the ignorance of the workman,
and not with any design to alter the disposition
of the arms, is evident from the arms upon the
great seal, where France is borne quarterly with
England, in the first and fourth quarters, as it was
likewise used upon all other occasions, until the
alteration occasioned by the union with Scotland
in 1707.
In reference to the arrangement consequent
upon the union with Scotland, he observes that,
how proper soever the impaling the arms of the
two kingdoms was in other respects, it appeared
with great impropriety upon the money. The four
escocheons in cross had hitherto been marshalled
in their circular order from the left, whereby
the dexter escocheon was the fourth ; accord-
ing to which order the united arms, being quar-
tered first and fourth, would have fallen together ;
therefore they were placed at the top and bottom,
* Evelyn's Discourse, edit. 1696, p. 121.
f London, 8vo., 1745, 2nd edit., then Clarenceux
60
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 221.
which indeed was right : but then France by the
same rule was then in the third place, and Ireland
in the second ; unless to reconcile it we make a
rule contrary to all rule, to take sinister first and
dexter second.
In the coinage of King George I., the re-
presentation of the armorial bearings in four
separate shields, as upon the milled money of
King Charles II., was continued. In the upper-
most escocheou, England impaling Scotland ; the
dexter the arms of his Majesty's electoral domi-
nions ; sinister France ; and in the bottom one
Ireland, all crowned with the imperial crown of
Great Britain. The marshalling of the four esco-
cheons in this manner might and ought to have
been objected to by the heralds (has it been
brought under their cognizance ?), because it ap-
pears by many instances, as well as upon coins and
medals of the emperors and several princes of the
empire, that arms marshalled in this circular form
are blazoned, not in the circular order, but from
the dexter and sinister alternately ; and thus the
emperor at that time bore eleven escocheons round
the imperial eagle. In like manner, upon the
money of Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick, we
see the crest with a circle of eleven escocheons in
the same order. The same order is observed in
marshalling the escocheons of the seven provinces
of Holland; and there is a coin of the Emperor
Ferdinand, another of Gulick, and a third of
Erick, Bishop of Osnaburgh, with four escocheons
in cross, and four sceptres exactly resembling the
English coins. That it was not altered therefore
at that time, the mistake being so evident, can be
attributed only to the length of- time the error
had prevailed ; so hard is it to correct an error in
the first instance whereby the arms of his Majesty's
German dominions, which occupy the fourth quar-
ter in the royal arms, do in fact upon the money
occupy the second place ; a mistake however so
apparent, as well by the bearing upon other oc-
casions as by the arms of Ireland, which be-
fore occupied the same escocheon, that nothing
was meant thereby to the dishonour of the Bother
arms ; but that being now established, it is the
English method of so marshalling arms in cross or
in circle, or rather that they have no certain
method. v
Until the union with Scotland, the dexter was
the fourth escocheon ; from that time the bottom
one was fourth; now the dexter was again the
fourth. Such is the force of precedent in per-
petuating error, that the practice has prevailed
even to the present time : and it may be inferred,
that fancy and effect are studied by the engraver
before propriety. No valid reason can be ad-
vanced for placing the arms in separate shields
after their declared union under one imperial
crown. J.
CHRONOGRAMS.
(YoLviii., p. 351. &c.)
The banks of the Rhine furnish abundant ex-
amples of this literary pleasantry: chronograms
are as thick as blackberries. I send you a dozen,
gathered during a recent tour. Each one was
transcribed by myself.
1. Cologne Cathedral, 1722 ; on a beam in a
chapel, on the south side of the choir :
P!A VlRGlNls MAB!^ soDALIiAS ANKOS s^CV-
LAR.I RENO VAT."
2. Poppelsdorf Church, near Bonn. 1812 :
"pARoCnlALIs TEMpLI nVlNls jEDIrlCABAR." ;
3. Bonn ; on the base of a crucifix, outside the
minster, on the north side. 1711 :
"GLORlFlCATE
ET
PORTATE DfiVM
IN CORPORE VESTRO.
1 Cor. 6."
4. Bonn; within the minster. 1770:
PATRON Is P!E
DICAVlT."
5. Aix-la-Chapelle ; on the baptistery. 1660 :
"SACRVM
PARoCnlALE DIVI JOHANNls
BAPTlSTJE."
6. Aix-la-Chapelle. St. Michael ; front of west
gallery. 1821:
sVM P!A CIVlTAiTs
LlBERALIlATE RENoVATA DzCoRATA."
7. Aix-la-Chapelle, under the above. 1852 :
"ECCE
MICHAELIs
AEDES."
8. Konigswinter ; on the base of a crucifix at
the northern end of the village. 1726 :
!N VNlVs VER! AC IK
CARNAT! DE! HONORED!
POsVERE.
JOANKES PETRUS MUMRER ET
MARIA GENGERS CONJUGES
2 DA SEPTEMBRIS."
9. Konigswinter ; over the principal door of the
church. 1828:
"ES IST SE!KES MEN CHER WOHN!JNG SONDEM E!N
HKRRLICHES HAUSZ UNSERES GOTTES, I. B. D. KEtt.
ER. 29. C. V. I."
10. Konigswinter ; under the last. 1778 :
"VNl sANOrlssIMo DEO, PATR!
trrT.Tn C T>TnTTVTVE SAxOro''
JAN. 21. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
61
11. Konigswinter ; under the last. 1779 :
ERlGOR sVB MAX. FftlDERlCo KONlGSEGG AH-
COLONIENSI plfi GVfiERNANTE."
12. Coblenz. S. Castor; round the arch of the
west door. 1765 :
" D!RO MAR!A
LAS COBLENZ AUBEFOHLEN SE!N.'*
Of these, Nos. 9, 10. and 11. are incised on one
stone, the letters indicating the chronogram being
rubricated capitals ; but in No. 10. the second I
in " filio," and the first I in " spirituique," though
capitals, are not in red. I shall be much obliged
to any of your correspondents who can supply a
complete or corrected copy of the following chro-
nogram, from the Kreutzberg, near Bonn. The
height at which it was placed, and its defective
colour, prevented me from deciphering the whole ;
nor do 1 vouch for the correctness of the subjoined
portion :
"sCALA IESV PR
NOBIS PASSI . A . .
CLEJVlENTE AVGVSTO
AVGVST
PRElIoSI
EXSTRV."
Some parts of this inscription might be conjec-
turally supplied ; but I prefer presenting it as I
was able to transcribe it. The staircase in question
was erected by the Elector Clement Augustus, in
or about 1725, in imitation of the Scala Santa at
Home. (See Murray's Handbook.}
W. SPARKOW SIMPSON.
OATHS.
(Vol. viii., pp. 364. 471.)
In Primate Colton's Metropolitan Visitation of
the Diocese of Derry, A.D. 1397, edited by the
Rev. William Reeves, D.D., it is stated, at p. 44.,
that several persons therein mentioned took their
oath "tactis sacrosanctis Evangeliis;" and in a
note Dr. Reeves says that
^ Until the arrival of the English the custom of swear-
ing on the holy evangelists was unknown to the Irish,
\vho resorted instead to croziers, bells, and other sacred
reliquaries, to give solemnity to their declarations.
Even when the Gospels were used, it was not uncom-
mon to introduce some other object to render the oath
doubly binding. Thus in a monition directed by
Primate Prene to O'Neill, he requires him to be sworn
' tactis sacrosanctis Dei evangeliis ad ea, et super Ba-
culum Jesu in ecclesia cathedrali Sanctae Trinitatis
Dublin.' (Reg. Prene, fol. 117.)"
The following lines upon the subject in ques-
tion will be found in the Red Book of the Irish
Exchequer :
" Qui jurat super librum tria facit.
" Primo quasi diceret omnia que scripta sunt in hoc
libro nunquam mihi perficiant neque lex nova neque
vetus si mencior in hoc juramento.
" Secundo apponit manura super librum quasi di-
ceret numquam bona opera que feci michi proficiant
ante faciem Jeshu Christ! nisi veritatem clicaiu quando
per inanus significentur opera.
" Tercio et ultimo osculatur librum quasi diceret
numquam oraciones neque preces quas dixi per os
meum michi ad salutem anime valeunt si falsitatem
dicam in hoc juramento michi apposito."
Judging by the character of the handwriting,
I would say that the above-mentioned lines were
written not later than the time of Edward I. ; and
as many of the vellum leaves of this book have
been sadly disfigured, as well by the pressure of
lips as by tincture of galls, I am inclined to think
that official oaths were formerly taken in the
Court of Exchequer of Ireland by presenting the
book when opened to the person about to be
sworn in the manner at this day used (as we are
informed by Honore de Mareville) in the Eccle-
siastical Court at Guernsey.
It appears by an entry in one of the Order
Books of the Exchequer, deposited in the Exche-
quer Record Office, Four Courts, Dublin, that in
James I.'s time the oath of allegiance was taken
upon bended knee. The entry to which I refer is
in the following words :
"Easier Term, Wednesday, 22nd April, 1618.
Memorandum : This day at first sitting of the court, the
lord threasurer, vice threasurer, and all the barons being
present on the bench, the lord chauncellor came hither
and presented before them Thomas Hibbotts, esq., with
his Majesty's letters patents of the office of chauncellor
of this court to him graunted, to hold and execute the
said office during his naturall life, which being read
the said lord chauncellor first ministred unto him the
oath of the King's supremacy, which hee tooke kneel-
ing on his knee, and presently after ministred unto
him the oath ordayned for the said officer, as the same
is contayned of record in the redd booke of this court;
all which being donn the said lord chauncellor placed
him on the bench on the right hand of the lord threa^
surer, and then departed this court."
JAMES F. FERGUSON.
Dublin.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Splitting Paper for Photographic Purposes If the
real and practical mode of effecting this were disclosed,
it would be (in many cases) a valuable aid to the
photographer. I have had many negative calotypes
ruined by red stains on the back (but not affecting the
impressed side of the paper) ; which, could the paper
62
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 221.
have been split, would in all probability have been
available, and printed well.
I was sorry to see in " N. & Q." (Vol. via., p. 604.)
an article under this head which went the round of
the papers several months ago. Anything more im-
practicable and ridiculously absurd than the directions
there given can hardly be imagined : " cylinders of
amber !" or " cylinders of metallic amalgam ! !" " excited
in the usual manner," &c. I presume electrical excita-
tion is intended. Though, how cylinders of metal are
to receive electrical excitation, and to have sufficient
attractive power over a sheet of paper as to rend it
asunder, would be a problem which I believe even a
Faraday could not solve : neither would excited glass
cylinders effect the object any better; or if they could,
it would be erecting a wheel to break a fly upon.
The whole proposition must originally have been a
hoax : in fact, we live in a day when the masses of the
people are easily induced to believe that electricity can
do everything.
Another, and far more feasible plan has been pro-
posed (" N. & Q,.," Vol. viii., p. 413.), viz. to paste the
paper to be split between two pieces of calico or linen ;
and when perfectly dry, part them. One half, it is
said, will adhere to each piece of the linen, and may
afterwards be obtained or set free from the linen by
soaking.
I have tried this with partial, but not satisfactory
success. It will be remembered that the results of the
true process were some years ago exhibited before a
scientific company (I think at the Royal Institution),
when a page of the London Illustrated News was first
exhibited in its usual condition, printed on both sides ;
and was then taken to an adjoining apartment, and in
a short time (perhaps a quarter of an hour) re-exhibited
to the company split into two laminae, each being per-
fect. Neither the pasting plan, nor the electrical gam-
mon, could have effected this. I hope some of your
readers (they are a legion) will confer on photogra-
phers the favour of informing them of this art.
COKELY.
Curling of Iodized Paper. The difficulty which
your correspondent C. E. F. has met with, in iodizing
paper according to DR. DIAMOND'S valuable and simple
process, may be easily obviated.
I experienced the same annoyance of "curling up"
till it was suggested to me to damp the paper pre-
viously to floating it. I have since always adopted
this expedient, and find it answer perfectly. The
'method I employ for damping it is to leave it for a
few hours previously to using it upon the bricks in my
cellar : and I have no doubt but that, if C. E. F. will
try the same plan, he will be equally satisfied with the
result. W. F. W.
How the Glass Rod is used. Would you be kind
enough to inform me how paper is prepared or excited
with the glass rod in the calotype process ? Is the
solution first poured on the paper, and then equally
diffused over it with the rod ? DUTHUS.
[The manner in which the glass rod is to be used
for exciting or developing is very simple, although
not easily described. The operator must provide him-
self with some pieces of thin board, somewhat larger
than the paper intended to be used ; on one of these
two or three folds of blotting-paper are to be laid, and
on these the paper intended to be excited, and which is
to be kept steady by pins at the top and bottom right-
hand corners, and the forefinger of the left hand. The
operator, having ready in a small measure about thirty
drops of the exciting fluid, takes the glass rod in his
right hand, moves it steadily over the paper from the
right hand to the left, where he keeps it, while with
the left hand he pours the exciting fluid over the side of
the glass rod, and moving this to and fro once or twice
to secure an equal portion of the exciting fluid along
the whole length of the rod ; he then moves the rod
from left to right and back again, until he has ascer-
tained that the whole surface is covered, taking care
that none of the exciting fluid runs over the side of
the paper, as it is then apt to discolour the back of it.
When the whole surface has been thoroughly wetted,
the superfluous fluid is to be blotted off with a piece
of new blotting-paper.]
to ^Itnor
Wooden Tombs and Effigies (Vol. viii., p. 604.).
In addition to that mentioned by J. E. J., there
is a wooden chest 'in the centre of the chancel of
Burford Church, in the county of Salop, with a
figure in plated armour on the top; the head
resting on a helmet supported by two angels, and
at the feet a lion crowned. An ornament of oak
leaves runs round the chest, at the ed^e. This
effigy is supposed to represent one of the Corn-
wall family, the ancient, but now extinct, barons
of Burford. As I am preparing, with a view to
publication, a history of this very ancient family,
with an account of the curious and interesting
monuments in Burford and other churches, I
should esteem it a favour if any of your corre-
spondents could furnish me with authentic in-
formation relative to any members of the family,
or of any memorials of them in other churches
than those of Worcestershire and Shropshire.
J. B. WHITBOBNE.
Epitaph on Politian (Vol. viii., p. 537.). Har-
wood's Alumni Etonenses, A.D. 1530, Hen. VIII.,
p. 22. :
" Edward Bovington was born at Burnham, and was
buried in the chapel. Some member of the College
made these lines on him :
* Unum caput tres lingjuas habet,
(Res mira !) Bovingtonus.' "
This member must have seen Politian's epitaph.
J. H. L.
Defoe s Quotation from Baxter on Apparitions
(Vol. ix., p. 12.). The story copied by DR. MAIT-
LAND from Defoe's Life of Duncan Campbell, is
to be found nearly word for word in pp. 60, 61. of
JAN. 21. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
63
The Certainty of the Worlds of Spirits fully evinced
by the unquestionable Histories of Apparitions, Sfc.,
by Richard Baxter, London, 1691. I can trace
no mention of the Dr. Beaumont, author of the
Treatise of Spirits, unless he be the " eminent
apothecary in Henrietta Street, Go vent Garden,"
stated by Nichols (Literary Anecdotes, vol. ix.
p. 239.) to be the father of Mr. Beaumont, Regis-
trar of the Royal Humane Society. 'AAieus.
Dublin.
Barrels Regiment (Vol. viii., p. 620.). If the
song referring to Barrel's regiment was written
about 1747, it was not original, but a parody or
adaptation of one in The Devil to Pay, performed
as a ballad opera in 1731 ; and which still main-
tains its place, if not on the stage, in recent edi-
tions of the " acting drama." 1 have not an old
edition of the play, but quote from a collection
of songs called The Nightingale, London, 1738,
p. 232. :
" He that has the best wife,
She's the plague of his life ;
But for her that will scold and will quarrel,
Let him cut her off short,
Of her meat and her sport,
And ten times a day hoop her barrel, brave boys,
And ten times a day hoop her barrel."
May I append a Query to my reply ? Was The
Nightingale published with a frontispiece? My
copy is mutilated, but has belonged to some per-
son who valued it much more highly than I do, as
he has neatly repaired and replaced torn leaves
and noted deficiencies. Prefixed is a mounted
engraving of a bird in the act of singing, which,
if intended for a nightingale, is really curious; as
it is of the size and shape of a pheasant, with cor-
vine legs and beak, and a wattle round the eye
like that of a barb pigeon. The book is " printed
and sold by J. Osborn," and shows that the post
assigned to him in The Dunciad was not worse
than he deserved. H. B. C.
Garrick Club.
[Our correspondent seems to have the veritable
original engraving; the nightingale or pheasant, or
whatever it may be, is mounted on a branch over a
stream near to three houses, and a village on its banks
is seen in the distance.]
Sneezing (Vol. viii., pp. 366. 624.). To the
very interesting illustrations given by Mr. Francis
Scott of the ancient superstitions associated with
sternutation, I should like to add one not less
curious than any which he has given. It is re-
corded in Xenophon's Anabasis, lib. iii. cap. 2.
At the council of Greek generals, held after the
death of Cyrus, Xenophon rose and made a speech.
He set before his comrades the treachery of their
late associate Ariseus ; the serious difficulties
attendant upon the position of the Greeks ; and the
necessity for immediate and vigorous action. Just
as he had alluded to the probability of a severe con-
flict, and had invoked the aid of the gods, one of
the company sneezed. He paused for a moment
in his harangue, and every one present did reve-
- to Jupiter. The circumstance
seemed to give new spirit and fortitude to the
whole assembly ; and when Xenophon resumed,
he said, " Even now, my comrades, while we were
talking of safety, Zeus the saviour has sent us an
omen ; and I think it would become us to offer to
the god a sacrifice of thanksgiving for our pre-
servation." He then, in the manner of a modern
chairman at Exeter Hall, invited all of that opinion
to hold up their hands. This appeal having met
a unanimous response, they all made their vows,
sung the paean, and the orator proceeded with his
discourse.
The adoration of the god, or the use of some
auspicious words or religious formulary, appears to
have been designed to avert any evil which might
possibly be portended by the omen. It seems by
no 'means certain that it was always regarded as
favourable. Xenophon, in the case referred to,
contrived very adroitly to turn the incident to
good account, and to interpret it as a sign of the
divine favour. The form of one of the sentences
I have translated
" 'ETrel TTfpl (rurripias -f]/j.wv \ey6vTtav olwvbs TOU
Atbs rov 2&>T7jpos ecpai'Tj."
affords a little illustration of the benediction in
current use among the Greeks on such occasions,
"Zew erwcroj/." J. G. F.
Does " Wurm," in modern German, ever mean
Serpent? (Vol. viii., pp. 465. 624.). F. W. J. is
quite right as regards his interpretation of the
word Wurm, used by Schiller in his Wallenstein
in the passage spoken by Butler.
Wurm is not used in German to mean a ser-
pent. Serpents (Schlangen) are vertebrata, and
are therefore not confounded with Wiirmer by the
Germans. The language of the people frames
proverbs, not the language of science. The Ger-
mans apply the word Wurm to express pity or
contempt. The mother says to her sick child,
" Armes Wiirmchen!" signifying poor, suffering,
little creature. Man to man, in order to express
contempt, will say " Elender Wurm ! " meaning
miserable wretch ; an application arising out of
the contemplation of the helpless state and in-
ferior construction of this division of the animal
kingdom. The German proverb corresponds to
the English. C. B. d'O.
Longfellow's Reaper and the Flowers (Vol. viii.,
p. 583.). This charge of plagiarism, I think, is
not a substantial one. To compare Death to a
reaper, and children to flowers, is a very general
idea, and may be thought by thousands, and ex-
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 221.
pressed in nearly the same words which Long-
fellow, and before him Luisa Reichardt, have
used. The first line of the two respective poems
are certainly word for word the same, but that is
all ; although the tendency of both poems is the
same. Longfellow's poem is much superior to
that of L. Reichardt ; for, while the former has a
beautiful clothing, colouring, and harmony, the
latter is very crude, poor, and defective. Long-
fellow's long residence in Germany has indeed
rendered him very susceptible to the form and
spirit of German poetry, and hence there exist in
Lis poems frequently affinities as to general forms
and ideas : still, affinities arising from such causes
cannot justly be termed plagiarism, much less the
accidental choice of a very widely existent, natural
thought. When Byron wrote his opening line to
The Bride of Abydos, he did not probably think
ofGothe's
" Konnst du das Land wo die Citronen bliihen ?"
Byron was not a German scholar ; and as the
opening line is the only analogy between the two
poems, we may justly believe it natural for any
one who has lived in southern lands, to ask such
a question. The charge of plagiarism, I think,
ought to rest upon grounds which evince an actual
copying. C. B. d'O.
Charge of Plagiarism against Paley (Vol. viii.,
p. 589.). As a personal friend of the gentleman
v/ho, under the name of VERITAS, brought, about
five years ago, a charge of plagiarism against
Paley, I feel called upon to say a few words to
FIAT JUST.
Truth cannot be refuted ; and F. J. may look
at the translation of the old Dutch book of Nieu-
wentyt's, which he will find in the British Mu-
seum library, the same place where VEBITAS made
the discovery while examining the works of some
continental metaphysicians : and FIAT JUST, will
then no doubt regret having made the rash and
illogical observation, " that the accusation be re-
futed, or the culprit consigned to that contempt,"
&c. The character of VERITAS as man, moralist,
and scholar, does not deserve so unjust and rash
a remark.
The Dutch book, as well as the translation, are
rery scarce. Five and six copies of the latter
could only be found at the time of the discovery
in London. C. B. d'O.
Tin (Vol. viii., p. 593.). The suggestions of
your correspondent S. G. C. are ingenious re-
specting the etymology of Cassiteros, but a slight
examination will show they are erroneous. The
Cassi was only one of the many tribes inhabiting
Britain in the time of Csesar, and it is by no
means probable that it was able to confer its name
upon the entire country, to the exclusion of all
the rest; such as the Iceni, the Trinobanti, the
Coritani, the Belga?, and various others too nume-
rous to mention. We must bear in mind that the
Phrenicians gave the name of Cassiterides to the
British Isles ; and that in naming places they in-
variably called them after some known or sup-
posed quality possessed by them, or from some
natural appearance which first arrested their
notice : and such was the case in this instance.
We learn that it was the common belief in ancient
times, that the islands to the west of Europe were
shrouded in almost perpetual gloom and darkness :
hence the British Isles were called Cassiterides,
from Ceas, pronounced Kass, i. e. gloom, dark-
ness, obscurity ; and tir, i. e. lands, plural Ceasi-
terides, i. e. " the islands of darkness." And the
tin which the Phrenicians procured from them
received the appropriate name of Cassiteros, z. e.
the metal from the islands of darkness.
FRAS. CROSSLET.
John Waugh (Vol. viii., pp. 271. 400. 525. ;
Vol. ix., p. 20.). The Rev. John Waugh was of
Broomsgrove, Worcester, and died unmarried and
intestate. Letters of administration of his estate
in the province of York were granted Oct. 28,
1777, to his five sisters and co-heiresses, Judith,
Isabella, Elizabeth, Mary, and Margaret, spinsters,
who all were living at Carlisle ; and were unmar-
ried in August, 1792. WM. DURRANT COOPER.
Rev. Joshua Brooks (Vol. viii., p. 639.).
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine for March, 1821,
contains a paper entitled a " Brief Sketch of the
Rev. Josiah Streamlet." Under this sobriquet, a
few incidents in the life of the Rev. Joshua
Brooks are related, which may interest C. (1).
G. D. R.
Hour-glass Stand (Vol. viii., p. 454.). There
is an hour-glass stand attached to the pulpit of
Nassington Church, Northants. Nassington is
bout six miles from the town of Oundle.
G. R. M.
There is an hour-glass stand in Bishampton
Church, Worcestershire. CUTHBERT^BEDE, B.A.
Teeth Superstition (Vol. viii., p. 382.). My
wife, who is a Yorkshire woman, tells me that,
whenever she lost a tooth as a child, her nurse
used to exhort her to keep her tongue away from
the cavity, and then she would have a golden
tooth. She speaks of it as a superstition with
which she has always been familiar. OXONIENSIS.
Walthamstow.
Dog-whipping Day in Hull (Vol. viii., p. 409.).
This custom obtains, or used to do, in York on
St. Luke's Day, Oct. 18, which is there known by
the name of " Whip-dog Day." Drake considers
the origin of it uncertain ; and though he is of
opinion that it is a very old custom, he does not
JAN. 21. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
65
agree with those who date it as far back as the
Romans.
In the History of York, vol. i. p. 306., respecting
the author of which a Query has appeared in
" N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 125., the traditional ac-
count of its origin is given :
" That in times of Popery, a priest celebrating mass at
the festival in some church in York, unfortunately
dropped the pix after consecration, which was snatched
up suddenly and swallowed by a dog that lay under
the table. The profanation of this high mystery occa-
sioned the death of the dog ; and a persecution began,
and has since continued on this day (St. Luke's), to be
severely carried on against all the species in the city."
A very curious whipping custom prevails ^ at
Leicester, known by the name of "Whipping
Toms," on the afternoon of Shrove Tuesday. It is
thus described in Hone's Year Book, p. 539. :
" In this space (the Newark) several (I think three)
men called ' Whipping Toms,' each being armed with
a large waggon whip, and attended by another man
carrying a bell, claim the right of flogging every per-
son whom they can catch while their attendant bell-
inan can keep ringing his bell."
Perhaps some one of your correspondents will
be able to afford an origin for this odd usa^e.
R. W. ELLIOT.
2 Clifton.
'" A Spanish lady now resident in England, a mem-
ber of the Latin Church, mentioned to me, some
months since, a custom prevailing in her native land
similar to that in Hull described by MR. RICHARD-
SON. It arose on this wise : Once upon a time, on
a high festival of the Church, when there was an
exposition of the blessed Sacrament, a dog rushed
into the church when the altar was unguarded, and
carried off the Host. This deed of the sacrilegious
animal filled the Spaniards with such horror, that
ever after, on the anniversary of that day, all
dogs were beaten and stoned that showed them-
selves in the streets. EDWARD PEACOCK.
Bottesford Moors.
Househunt (Vol. viii., pp. 516. 606.). I think
the inquiry relative to this animal may be satis-
factorily answered by the following quotation from
a very excellent and learned work, entitled A
Natural History of British and Foreign Quadru-
peds, containing many Original Observations and
Anecdotes, by James H. Fennell, 8vo., London,
1841:
" The Beech Marten is the Maries folna of modern
zoologists, the Maries Fagorum of Ray, the Maries
Saxorum of Klein, the Mustela Maries of Linnams, and
the Mustela foina of Gmelin. Its English synonymes
are not less numerous; for, besides Beech Marten, it
is called Stone Marten, Martern, Marteron, Martlett,
and Mousehunt. The last name I insert on the authority
of Henley, the dramatic commentator, who says it is
the animal to which 'charming Willie Shakspeare' thus
alludes in Romeo and Juliet :
' Capulet. I have watch'd ere now-
All night
Lady Capulet. Ay, you have been a mouse-hunt in
your time.' Act IV. Sc. 4.
'< In Knight's Pictorial Edition of Romeo and Juliet
(1839), this and many other terms equally requiring
explanation are left quite unelucidated ; though one
picture of the said mouse-hunt would doubtless have
been more assistant to the professed object of the work
than the two unnecessary pictures it contains of certain
winged monstrosities called Cupids." P. 106.
Mr. Fennell goes on to state, that the Beech
Marten (alias Mousehunt) inhabits the woods and
forests of most parts of Europe, seldom quitting
them except in its nocturnal excursions ; and he
adds that
" The Beech Marten does sometimes, in the Highlands
of Scotland, where it is common, and called Tugyin t
take to killing lambs, and makes sad havoc. Luckily,
however, it is nearly exterminated in the south of that
country. In Selkirkshire, it has been observed to de-
scend to the shore at night time to feed upon mollusks,
particularly upon the large Basket Mussel (Mytilus
modiolus). But the ordinary prey of both this and the
Pine Marten appears to be hares, rabbits, squirrels,
moles, rats, mice ; game birds ; turkeys, pigeons, and
other domestic poultry, and also the wild singing
birds." P. 109.
In the above work Mr. Fennell has given many
other interesting zoological elucidations of Shak-
speare, and of various other ancient poets.
G. TENNYSON.
Rickmansworth.
St. Pauls School Library (Vol. viii., p. 641.).
A catalogue of the library was privately printed
in 1836, 8vo. It is nominally under the care of
the captain of the school, who, having his own
duties to attend to, cannot be expected to pay
much attention to it : this readily accounts for the
disorder said to prevail.
It is believed to contain the copy of Vegetius
de re militari, the perusal of which by Marl-
borough, when a pupil at the school, imbued him
with that love for military science he in after-life
so successfully cultivated.
It would be a good deed on the part of the
wealthy company, the trustees of Colet's noble
foundation, to enlarge the library and pay a salary
to a librarian ; it might thus become a useful
appendage to the school, and under certain regu-
lations be made accessible to the vicinity. W. A.
German Tree (Vol. viii., p. 619.). In answer
to the inquiry of ZEUS, who wishes to be informed
whether this custom was known in England pre-
vious to 1836, I beg to refer him to Coleridge's
Friend, second landing-place, essay iii. (vol. ii.
66
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 221.
p. 249.), entitled " Christmas within doors in the
north of Germany." The passage (apparently
from Coleridge's journal) is dated " Ratzeburg,
1799." It is, I think, also extracted in Knight's
Half -hours with the best Authors. Coleridge went to
Germany in 1798 {Biog. Lit^ vol. i. p. 211. note) ;
but I imagine the passage I refer to did not appear
till 1818, when The Friend was published in
three volumes (Biog. Lit., vol. ii. p. 420.). As
the book is so common, I do not think it worth
while to copy out the account. ZEUS has by this
time, I hope, had a Christmas Yggdrasil in his
Olympus. ERYX.
Derivation of the Word " Cash " (Vol. viii.,
p. 386.). May not the word cash be connected
with the Chinese coin bearing that name, which
Mr. Martin, in his work on China (vol. i. p. 176.),
describes as being
"..The smallest coin in the world, there being about
1000 to 1500 (cash) in a dollar, i. e. one-fifth to one-
seventh of a farthing."
If I am not mistaken, the coin in question is
perforated in the centre to permit numbers of
the pieces being strung together, payments being
made in so many strings of cash. W. W. E. T.
66. Warwick Square, Belgravia.
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CONTENTS.
NOTES : Page
Prophets : Francis Dobbs, by Henry II.
Breen - - - - - 71
Sir Walter Scott and his Quotations
from Himself - - - -72
The. inns Campbell - - - - 73
FOLK LOUR : Legends of the Co. Clare
Slow-worm Superstition - - 73
The Vellum-bound Juuius, by Sir T.
Metcalfe 74
MINOR NOTKS: The Scotch Grievance
AYalpole and Macaulay Russian
"Justice" False Dates in Water-
marks of Paper - - - - 74
QUERIKS :
Mr. P. Cunninghame, by ,T. Macray - 75
Was Bhakapeare descended from a
Landed Proprietor '( by J. O. Halliwell 75
MINOR QUERIES : " To try and get "
Fleet Prison Colonel St. Lexer
Lords' Descents Reverend Robert
Hall " Lydia, or Conversion " Per-
sonal Descriptions ' One while I
think," &c. Lord Bacon Society for
burning the DeadCui Bono -The
Stock Horn -Lady Harington De-
scendants of Sir M. Hale A Query
for the City Commission Cross-legged
Monumental Figures Muffins and
Crumpets - - - - - 76
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS :
" Behemoth " " Dens ex M nchinil "
Wheelbarrows Persons alluded to by
Hooker 77
. UEW.IKS :
Longfellow's Originality, by Wm. Mat-
thews - - - - - 77
Queen Elizabeth and Queen Anne's
Motto 78
T3ooks burnt by the Common Hangman 73
Stone Pulpits - - - - 79
Antiquity of Fire-irons, by Wm. Mat-
thews, &c. - - - - - 80
Order of St. John of Jerusalem, by Wm.
Wintlirop - - - - - 80
Grammars, c., for Public Schools, by
Mackenzie Walcott, M. A., &c. - - 81
Derivation of Mawmet Came, by J.W.
Thomas - - - - - 82
The Gosling Family, by Honors de Mare-
ville- - - - - - 82
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : Tent
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Photographic Copies of Ancient Manu-
scripts Fox Talbot's Patents Anti-
quarian Photographic Society - - 83
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES : "Firm
was their faith," &c. Attainment of
Majority Three Fleurs-de-Lis
Newspaper Folk Lore _ Nattochiis
and Calchanti Marriage Ceremony
in the Fourteenth Century Clarence
" The spire whose silent finger," &c.
Henry Earl of Wotton Tenth (or
the Prii'ce of Wales's Own) Regiment
of (Light) Dragoons, &c. - - - 83
MISCELLANEOUS :
Notes on Books, &c. - - - 90
Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 90
Notices to Correspondents - - 91
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
71
LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 28, 1854.
PROPHETS : FRANCIS DOBBS.
Among the characters introduced to the readers
of " N. & Q-," under the name of prophets, there
are few that deserve so distinguished a place as
Mr. Francis Dobbs. Not only has he a claim to
that title, in the derisive sense in which it is ap-
plied to all modern enthusiasts, but also on the
higher grounds of political sagacity and practical
wisdom. Some men have exhibited this double
character successively, and at different periods of
their lives ; but none have displayed it in such
happy union as Mr. Dobbs. Indeed, in that re-
spect, he is perhaps one of the most striking
instances on record of what is called the " duality
of the human mind."
The information I am able to furnish respecting
this remarkable man, is derived from a pamphlet,
publi>hed "by authority" (probably himself), by
J. Jones, Dublin, 1800, and entitled, Memoirs of
Francis Dobbs, Esq. ; also Genuine Reports of his
Speeches in Parliament on the Subject of an Union,
and his Prediction of the Second Coming of the
Messiah, with Extracts from his Poem on the
Millennium.
Mr. Dobbs was born on April 27, 1750 ; and
was the younger son of the Rev. Richard Dobbs,
who was the younger brother of Arthur Dobbs of
Castle Dobbs, co. Antrim, formerly Governor of
North Carolina. His ancestor, an officer in the
army, came from England in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth ; and by a marriage with the great-
granddaughter of Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, got the
estate of Castle Dobbs, with other estates in the
Co. Antrim. His great-grandfather was Mayor of
Carrickfergus at the time King William landed,
and was the first subject in Ireland that paid him
allegiance.
Mr. Dobbs devoted himself for some years to
literary pursuits. In 1768 he purchased an en-
signcy in the 63rd Regiment, in which he con-
tinued till 1773. Having sold his commission, he
turned his attention to the study of the law, and
was called to the bar. He then married Miss
Stewart of Ballantroy, in the county of Antrim,
the daughter of a gentleman of considerable pro-
perty, niece of Sir Hugh Hill, and descended from
the Bute family. He afterwards joined the
Volunteers under Lord Charlemont, was appointed
Major to the Southern Battalion, and acted as
exercising officer at the great reviews held at
Belfast in 1780, 1781, and 1782. He took an
active part, in conjunction with Lord Charlemont,
Mr. Grattan, Mr. Flood, and others, in the poli-
tical agitation of that period ; was the mover of an
address to the King, approving of the proceedings
of the Irish Parliament, and was a member of the
deputation appointed to present it to his Majesty,
on which occasion he refused the honour of a baro-
netcy. At a later period, the Earl of Charlemont
brought him into the Irish Parliament ; and it
was while occupying a seat in that assembly,
that he delivered the " Speeches " already re-
ferred to.
Mr. Dobbs's Speech on the Legislative Union is
one of the most remarkable ever pronounced then
or since, on that fertile topic. He descants in
forceful language on the evils, real or imaginary,
likely to arise from that measure ; and points out,
with a striking minuteness of detail, some of the
consequences which have actually resulted there-
from. Indeed, the repealers of a subsequent
period did little more than borrow Mr. Dobbs's
language ; nor were they able, after thirty years'
experience of the practical working of the Union,
to add a single new grievance to the catalogue of
those so eloquently expatiated upon by him in the
year 1800. As, however, we have to deal with
Mr. Dobbs chiefly as a religious prophet, I shall
confine my extracts from his speeches to the illus-
tration of his character in that capacity.
The speech on the Legislative Union was de-
livered on February 5, 1800. On June 7 follow-
ing (the Bill having been carried in the mean
time), Mr. Dobbs pronounced in the Irish Par-
liament a speech in which he predicted the second
coming of the Messiah. This speech, the most
extraordinary that was ever made in a legislative
assembly, presents a singular contrast to the
sagacity which characterises his political perform-
ances. A few short extracts will show the change
that had come over his prophetic vision :
" Sir, from the conduct pursued by administration
during this Session, and the means that were known to
be in their power, it was not very difficult to foresee
that this Bill must reach that chair. It was not very
difficult to foresee that it should fall to your lot to
pronounce the painful words, That this bill do pass.'
Awful indeed would those words be to me, did I con-
sider myself living in ordinary times : but feeling as I
do that we are not living in ordinary times feeling
as I do that we are living in the most momentous and
eventful period of the world feeling as I do that a
new and better order of things is about to arise, and
that Ireland, in that new order of things, is to be highly
distinguished indeed this bill hath no terrors for me.
" Sir, I did intend to have gone at some length into
history, and the sacred predictions ; but as I purpose,
in a very few months, to give to the public a work in
which I shall fully express my opinion as to the vast
design of this terrestrial creation, I shall for the pre-
sent confine myself to such passages as will support
three positions : The first is, the certainty of the
second advent of the Messiah ; the next, the signs of
the times of his coming, and the manner of it ; and the
last, that Ireland is to have the glorious pre-eminence
of being the first kingdom that will receive him."
72
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
After dwelling at some length on his first two
positions, he thus proceeds :
" I come now, Sir, to the most interesting part of
what I have to say ; it is to point out my reasons for
thinking this is the distinguished country in which the
Messiah is now to appear. The stone that is to be
cut out of the mountain without hands, is to fall on the
feet of the image, and to break the whole image to
pieces. Now, that would not be true, if Christ and
his army was to appear in any country that is a part
of the image ; therefore, all the countries that were
comprised in the Babylonish and Assyrian empire, in
the Medo- Persian empire, in the Greek empire, and
in the Roman empire, are positively excluded. There
is another light thrown on this question by a passage
in the 41st chapter of Isaiah : ' I have raised up one
from the north, and he shall come ; from ths rjsing of
the sun shall he call upon my name, and he shall come
upon princes as upon mortar, and as the potter treadeth
clay.' This is manifestly the Messiah ; and we are
therefore to look for a country north of Judea, where
the prophecy was given. The New World is out of
the question, being nowhere a subject of prophecy ;
and as the image is excluded, it can only be in the Rus-
sian empire, or in the kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden,
or Ireland.
" The army that follows the Messiah, we are told,
amounts to 144,000; and there are a few passages in
the Revelation of St. John, that denote the place
where they are to be assembled. One is, ' I saw them
harping with their harps.' Another, ' I saw them stand-
ing on a sea of glass, having the harps of God.'
Another is, 'That they were clothed in fine linen,
white and clean.' Another is, ' And he gathered them
together in a place, in the Hebrew tongue, called
Armageddon.' Now, what respects the harp and the
fine linen, peculiarly applies to Ireland; and not at all
to Russia, Denmark, or Sweden. The sea of glass I think
must be an island. And I believe the word Armaged-
don in the Hebrew tongue, and Ardmah or Armagh
in the Irish, mean the same thing. At all events,
there is great similitude in their sounds ; and St.
Patrick thought proper to make the city of Ardmagh,
which is the old name, the seat of the church govern-
ment of Ireland. But besides these sacred passages of
Scripture, there are some very particular circumstances
attending Ireland. She has never had her share in
worldly prosperity, and has only since 1782 begun to
rise ; and I know no instance in history of any nation
beginning to prosper, witlibut arriving at a summit of
some kind, before it became again depressed. The four
great empires rose progressively west of each other ;
and Great Britain made the fcist toe of the image, being
the last conquest the Romans made in the west. Now,
Ireland lies directly west of it, and is therefore in
exactly the same progressive line, and it never was any
part of the image, nor did the Roman arms ever pene-
trate here. The arms of Ireland is the harp of David,
with an angel in its front. The crown of Ireland is
the apostolic crown. Tradition has long spoken of it as
a land of saints ; and if what I expect happens, that
prediction will be fulfilled. But what I rely on more
than all, is our miraculous exemption from all of the
serpent and venomous tribe of reptiles. This appears
to me in the highest degree emblematic, that Satan,
the Great Serpent, is here to receive his first deadly
blow."
I had an idea of sending you some extracts from
Mr. Dobbs's poem on The Millennium, but I fear I
have already trespassed too far on your valuable
space. HENRY H. BREEN.
St. Lucia.
SIR WALTER SCOTT AND HIS QUOTATIONS FROM
HIMSELF.
Your correspondent A. J. DUNKIN (Vol. vlii.,
p. 622.) asks who was the author of the couplet,
" Oh ! for a blast of that dread horn,
On Fontarabian echoes borne."
In reply to which Query you refer him to the
juvenile efforts of Frank Osbaldiston in the de-
lightful novel of Rob Roy.
You might have referred him likewise to a cor-
responding passage in the sixth canto of Marmion,
sec. xxxiii., from which the accomplished poet and
novelist repeated inadvertently his own verses :
" O for a blast of that dread horn,
On Fontarabian echoes borne,
That to King Charles did come," &c.
I say " inadvertently " from my own knowledge.
A few months after the well-known occurrence at
a public dinner in Edinburgh, when Sir W. Scott
openly declared himself the author of the Waverley
Novels, the writer of these lines was staying at
Abbotsford on a visit. On one occasion, when
walking with Sir Walter about his grounds, I led
the conversation to his late revelations ; and while
expressing some wonder at the length of time
during which the secret of the authorship had
been kept, I ventured to say that I for one had
never felt the smallest doubt upon the matter, but
that the intrinsic evidence of these several works,
acknowledged and unacknowledged, had long ago
convinced me that they were written by one and
the same author. Among other points I quoted
the very lines in question from the elegy on the
death of the Black Prince in Rob Roy, which I
reminded Sir Walter might also be found in the
sixth canto of Marmion. " Ah ! indeed," he re-
plied, with his natural expression of comic gravity,
" that was very careless of me ! I did not think I
should have committed such a blunder ! "
We kept up the like strain of conversation
during the whole ramble, with a good deal ot
harmless pleasantry. In the course of our walk
Sir Walter stopped at a particular point, and
leaning on his staff like his own " Antiquary," he
pointed out some ancient earth-works, whose un-
dulating surface indicated the traces of a Roman
or Pictish encampment. " There," said he, " you
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
73
will perceive the remains of a very good camp."
" Yes, Sir," said I, in the words of Lovel, " I do
see something like a ditch indistinctly marked"
Sir Walter burst into a hearty fit of laughter,
saying, " Ay, my friends do call it the Kairn of
Kimprunes."
I trust your readers will forgive me for record-
ing these trivialities ; but MR. DTJNKIN'S Query
recalled them to my mind so forcibly after the
lapse of many years, that I venture to obtrude
them upon your notice.
Before I conclude this paper, I may be per-
mitted to make reference to a series of letters
addressed to Richard Heber, Esq., M.P., by Mr.
Adolphus, son of the historian of the reign of
George III. In the conversation referred to, Sir
Walter Scott mentioned these letters in terms of
high approbation, terms not undeserved ; for
a more elegant, ingenious, and convincing piece of
literary criticism never issued from the press.
At that time I had not seen it ; but in reference
to the passage in question, the coincidence of
which in the poem and the romance has not es-
caped the critic's acuteness, Mr. Adolphus makes
the following remarks :
" A refined speculator might perhaps conceive that
so glaring a repetition could not be the effect of inad-
vertence, but that the novelist, induced by some tran-
sient whim or caprice, had intentionally appropriated
the verses of his great cotemporary. I cannot, how-
ever, imagine any motive for such a proceeding, more
especially as it must appear somewhat unhandsome to
take possession of another man's lines for the mere
purpose of exhibiting them in a ridiculous light. Nor
does it seem to me at all unlikely that the author of
Marmion, supposing him to be also the author of Rob
Roy, should have unconsciously repeated himself in this
instance, for we find him more than once apologising
in his avowed works for having, in the haste of com-
position, snatched up expressions, and even whole lines,
of other writers."
The anecdote above recorded proves the justice
and refinement of the critic's speculation.
A BORDERER.
THOMAS CAMPBELL.
In a small 8vo. volume before me, entitled The
History of the Stage : in which is included the
Theatrical Characters of the most celebrated Actors
who have adorned the Theatre, frc. ; with the The-
atrical Life of Mr. Colly Ciller (Lond. 1742), I
notice a very remarkable similarity of thought and
expression between its author and the late Thomas
Campbell. The dramatic author writes thus :
" But with whatever strength of nature we see the
poet show at once the philosopher and the hero, yet
the image of the actor's excellence will still be imper-
fect to you, unless language could put colours into
words to paint the voice with.
" The most that a Vandyke can arrive at is to make
his portraits of great persons seem to think ; a Shak-
speare goes farther yet, and tells you what his picture
thought ; a Betterton steps beyond them both, and
calls them from the grave to breathe and be themselves
again, in feature, speech, and motion. When the skil-
ful actor shows you all these powers at once united,
and gratifies at once your eye, your ear, your under-
standing, to conceive the pleasure arising from such
harmony you must have been present at it ; 'tis not to
be told you."
Now compare this passage with the following
lines from Mr. Campbell's " Valedictory Stanzas
to J. P. Kemble, Esq.," composed for a public
meeting held June, 1817 :
" His was the spell o'er hearts
Which only acting lends,
The youngest of the Sister Arts,
Where all their beauty blends :
For ill can Poetry express
Full many a tone of thought sublime ;
And Painting, mute and motionless,
Steals but a glance of time.
But by the mighty actor brought,
Illusion's perfect triumphs come,
Verse ceases to be airy thought,
And Sculpture to be dumb." 9
SERVIENS.
FOLK LORE.
Legends of the Co. Clare (Vol. viii., p. 436.).
The Lake of Inchiquin, one legend of which has
been already published in "N. & Q.," is said to
have been once a populous and flourishing city,
and still on a calm night you may see the towers
and spires gleaming through the clear wave. But
for some dreadful and unabsolved crime, a holy
man of those days whelmed all beneath the deep
waters. The " dark spirit " of its king, who ruled
also over the surrounding country, resides in a
cavern in one of the hills which border the lake,
and once every seven years at midnight he issues
forth mounted on his white charger, and urges
him at full speed over hill and crag, until he has
completed the circuit of the lake ; and thus he is
to continue, till the silver hoofs of his steed are
worn out, when the curse will be removed, and the
city reappear in all its splendour. The cave ex-
tends nearly a mile under the hill ; the entrance is
low and gloomy, but the roof rises to a consider-
able height for about half the distance, and then
sinks down to a narrow passage, which leads into
a somewhat lower division of the cave. The
darkness, and the numbers of bats which flap their
wings in the face of the explorer, and whirl round
his taper, fail not to impress him with a sensation
of awe. FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
Slow-worm Superstition (Vol. viii., pp. 33. 479.).
I believe that the superstition alluded to is
74
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
not confined to one country, nor to one species of
reptile. I remember to have heard some country-
men in Cornwall, who had killed an adder, say
that it would not cease to writhe until the sun had
gone down. Like many other so-called super-
stitions, it is probably founded on a close observa-
tion of a natural phenomenon ; and I feel quite
sure that I have seen in print, although I cannot
now call to mind where, that it is to be accounted
for by the fact, that in these cold-blooded animals
the nervous irritability does not cease until checked
or destroyed by the chilling dews of evening.
HONORE DE MAREVILLE.
Guernsey.
THE VELLUM-BOUND JUNIUS.
(Vol. v., pp. 303. 333. 607. ; Vol. viii., p. 8.)
I have no doubt that it will be satisfactory to
some of your readers to know that I have in my
possession a copy, " vellum bound in gilt," of
Junius, printed for Henry Sampson Woodfall,
1772, 2 vols. This copy has been in the family
library for about sixty years. There are no
marks by which it can be traced to its original
owner. I imagine it must have been purchased
by my grandfather, Sir Thomas Metcalfe, after his
arrival from India about 1788 ; this is, however,
merely a conjecture, in default of any more pro-
bable theory. Of the authenticity of this copy I
have no doubt ; I mean that it is now in the same
condition as when it was first issued by the book-
seller. The binding is evidently of an old date,
the gilding is peculiar, and the books correspond
exactly with the orders of Junius as given to
Woodfall in Note No. 47., Dec. 1771, and although
neatly bound, are, as Woodfall mentions in No. 64.,
not highly finished. Are there many copies of
this edition, or may I congratulate myself upon
possessing the one ordered by Junius? It is
quite possible that my grandfather possessed this
copy some years before his return from India; and
I may mention that I also have a great many
political pamphlets and satires, chiefly in poetry,
of different dates, from 1760 to 1780, such as Ca-
tiline's Conspiracy; The Didboliad; Ditto, with
additions, dedicated to the worst man in the king-
dom (Rigby), and containing allusions to all the
most celebrated characters of Junius ; The Se-
nators, La Fete Champetre^&nd many miscellanies.
These, however, are perhaps well known. I have
also a pamphlet containing an alleged unpublished
canto of the Faerie Queene of Spenser, and a great
many religious tracts from 1580 to 1700. Some
of the political poems are published by Almon.
Among other curious stray sheets, is a list of all
the gentlemen and officers who fell in the cause
of Charles I., and Mr. Richard Brown appears
amongst the number- I hope to communicate
more fully upon some future occasion, and must
conclude with an allusion to the claims of Francis
as the author of Junius. Strong as the proofs
may be in his favour in England, I believe that in
India there is testimony no less important ; and I
have been informed, by one who spoke with some
authority, that the letters of Francis upon record
in this country bear no resemblance whatever to
those of Junius. This assertion, however, is far
too vague to satisfy any of your readers. I hope
some day to be able to confirm it by examples.
The India House might furnish the private cor-
respondence between Francis and Hastings, which
would be extremely interesting.
T. METCALFE.
Delhi.
The Scotch Grievance. Can the demand of
Scotchmen, with respect to the usage of the royal
arms, be justified by the laws of Heraldry ? I
think not. They require that when the royal
arms are used in Scotland, the Scotch bearings
should be placed in the first quarter. Surely it is
against all rules that the armorial bearings, either
of a person or of a nation, should be changeable
according to th'e place where they are used. The
arms of the United Kingdom and of the sovereign
are, first and fourth, England ; second, Scotland ;
third, Ireland. The Scotch have therefore the
option of using these, or else the arms of Scotland
singly ; but to shift the quarterings according to
locality, seems repugnant to the principles of the
science. Queen Anne and George I. bore, in the
first quarter, England impaling Scotland : is it to
be supposed that, for Scotch purposes, they bore
Scotland impaling England? Can any coin be
produced, from the accession of James VI. to the
English throne, on which the royal arms are found
with Scotland in the first quarter and England in
the second ?
A DESCENDANT FROM SCOTTISH KINGS.
Walpole and Macaulay. That well-known and
beautiful conception of the New Zealander in some
future age sitting on the ruins of Westminster
Bridge, and looking where London stood, may
have been first suggested by a thought in one of
Walpole' s lively letters to Sir H. Mann :
" At last some curious native of Lima will visit
London, and give a sketch of the ruins of Westminster
and St. Paul's."
ANON.
Russian " Justice" Euler, in his 102nd letter
to a German princess, says :
" Formerly there was no word in the Russian lan-
guage to express what we call justice. This was cer-
tainly a very great defect, as the idea of justice is of
very great importance in a great number of our judg-
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
75
ments and reasonings, and as it is scarcely possible to
think of the thing itself without a term expressive of
it. They have, accordingly, supplied this defect by in-
troducing into that language a word which conveys the
notion of justice."
This letter is dated 14th February, 1761. Statue
nominis umbra ? An answer is not needed to this
Query. But can nothing be done to rescue from
destruction the previous analytical treasures of
Euler, now entombed in the archives of St. Pe-
tersburgh ? T. J. BUCKTON.
Birmingham.
False Dates in Water-marks of Paper. Your
correspondent H. W. D. (Vol. ix., p. 32.) on the
subject of the water-mark in paper, is, perhaps,
not aware that, within the last few years, the will
of a lady was set aside by the heir-at-law, her
brother, on account of the water-mark, she having
imprudently, as it was surmised, made a fairer
copy of her will on paper of a later date. The
case will be in the recollection of the parties em-
ployed in the neighbourhood of the Prerogative
Court. L.
MR. P. CTJNNINGHAME.
Can any of your correspondents communicate
information respecting a Mr. P. Cunninghame, who
was employed in the Heralds' Office in the years
1768-69, and who appears to have left his situation
there in order to enter the church ? Mr. Cun-
ninghame, from a MS. volume of his letters now
before me, had friends and correspondents of the
names of Towne, Dehane, Welsh, Cockell, Bawd-
wen, Wainman, Haggard, Hammond, Neve, Ga-
thorne, Lines, Connor, &c., and relations of his
own name resided at Deal. One of his letters is
addressed to his cousin, Captain George Cun-
ninghame, General Marjoribanks' regiment, in
garrison at Tournay, Flanders.
Two gentlemen of the names of Bigland and
Heard (probably Sir Isaac Heard, who died a few
years since at a very advanced age) were his su-
periors in the Heralds' Office at the time of his
being there. A former possessor of this MS. vo-
lume has written in it as follows ; and so warm a
tribute of praise from a distinguished scholar and
late member of this university, has induced me to
send you his remarks, and to make the inquiry
suggested by them.
" I esteem myself fortunate in having purchased this
volume of letters, which I met with in the shop of
Mr. Robins, bookseller, at Winchester, in January,
1808. They do credit to the head and the heart of
the author. He seems to have been a man whose
imagination was lively, and whose mind was capacious,
as well as comprehensive. His remarks on different
subjects betray reading and reflection. His mental
powers, naturally vigorous, he appears to have culti-
vated and improved by as much reading as his employ-
ments and his agitation of mind would allow. I wish
that he had committed to this volume some specimens
of his poetry, as it would have been more than me-
chanical, or partaking of common-place, for he writes
in a style at once vigorous, lively, and elegant, and
gives proofs of a correct taste. He had a manly spirit
of independence, a generous principle of benevolence,
and a prevailing habit of piety. The first of these
qualifications did not in him (as it is too frequently apt
to do) overleap the bounds of prudence, or the still
more binding ties of duty, as is exemplified in the ex-
cellent letters to his father, and Mr. Dehane. It is to
be hoped that he entered into that profession from
which he was so long and so perversely excluded; a
profession suited to his genius and inclination, which
would open an ample field for his benevolence, and
which would receive additional lustre from the example
of so much virtue and so much industry exerted in the
cause of truth. It is to be hoped that he gained that
competence and retirement to which the wishes of the
interested reader must follow him, regretting that he
knows not more of a man, who, from those amiable
dispositions and those eminent talents, pourtrayed in
this correspondence, would indeed
' Allure to brighter worlds, and lead the way.'
R. F."
J. MACRAY.
Oxford.
WAS SHAKSPEARE DESCENDED FROM A LANDED
PROPRIETOR ?
MR. KNIGHT has on two occasions, the latter in
his Stratford Shakspeare just published, called at-
tention to what he concludes is an oversight of
mine in not drawing any conclusion from a deed
in which certain lands are mentioned as " hereto-
fore the inheritance of William Shakspeare, Gent.,
deceased." These words are supposed by MR.
KNIGHT to imply that the lands in question came
to Shakspeare by descent, as heir-at-law of his
father. This opinion appeared to me to be some-
what a hasty one : believing that no conclusion
whatever is to be drawn from the phrase as there
used, and relying on the ordinary definition of in-
heritance in the old works on law, I did not hesi-
tate, some time since, to declare a conviction that
the lands so mentioned were bought by Shak-
speare himself. As the question is of some im-
portance in the inquiry respecting the position of
the poet's ancestry, perhaps one of your legal
readers would kindly decide which of us is in the
right. I possess an useful collection of old law-
books, but there are few subjects in which error is
so easily committed by unprofessional readers. In
the present instance, however, if plain words are
to be relied upon, it seems certain that the term
inheritance was applied, to use Cowell's words, to
76
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
" every fee simple or fee taile that a man hatli by
his purchase." (See The Interpreter, 1637.)
J. O. HALUWELL.
ffttturr
" To try and get'' 1 The word and is often used
instead of to after the verb to try : thus, in Moore's
Journal (June 7, 1819), "Went to the theatre to
try and get a dress." What is the origin of this
erroneous mode of expression ? UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
Fleet Prison. Where can a list of the officers
of the Fleet Prison, especially the under officers,
and more especially the tipstaffs, A.D. 1696, and
shortly previously and subsequently, be seen ?
J. K.
Colonel St. Leger. Where can I find an ac-
count of the celebrated Colonel St. Leger, the
friend and associate of George IV. when Prince of
Wales? In what year did he die? What age
was he when his picture, now in Hampton Court,
was painted by Gainsborough ? W. P. M.
Dublin.
Lords' Descents. Is a MS. collection of Lords'
Descents, by Thomas Maisterson, Esq., made about
the year 1705, now extant ? T. P. L.
Reverend Robert Hall. Who was Robert
Hall, a preacher of some celebrity in the time of
James II. ? P. P. P.
"Lydia, or Conversion." Can any of your corre-
spondents inform me who is the author of the follow-
ing excellent drama, published nearly twenty years
since : Lydia, or Conversion ; a Sacred Drama,
inscribed to the Jews by a Clergyman of the Church
of England: London, 8vo., 1835, published by
itivingtons, and Hatchard & Son ? A. Z.
Personal Descriptions. Is Sir Walter Scott's
description of Saladin taken from any ancient
writer, or is it a fancy sketch ? If the latter, I
think he has fallen into error by describing in
Saladin the features of a civilised Arab, rather
than the very peculiar and unmistakeable charac-
teristics of the Koordish frace.
In a novel now publishing in Ainsiuorfli s Maga-
zine, styled the " Days of Margaret of Parma,"
the celebrated Duke of Alva is described as a
very tall man. I have never seen a portrait or
read a description of his person, but had formed
a very different idea of it from the circumstance
that Count Tilly, who was certainly a short man,
was said to be a striking counterpart of him in
face, figure, and dress, a resemblance which added
not a little to the terror and aversion with which
'Tilly was regarded by the Protestants of Ger-
many. Can any of your correspondents refer me
to a description of A'lva? J. S. WARDEN.
" One while I think" ^c. Whence are the fol-
lowing lines :
" One while I think, and then I am in pain,
To think, how to unthink that thought again."
W. M. M.
Lord Bacon. Has the very discreditable at-
tack made on the moral character of the great
Lord Chancellor Bacon, by his cotemporary Sir
Simon D'Ewes, and related by Hearne the his-
torian at the end of his Life and Reign of King*
Richard II., been investigated, and either esta-
blished or disproved by later historians ?
CESTRIENSIS.
Society for burning the Dead. Wanted in-
formation as to the " Society for burning the
Dead," which existed a few years ago in London.
A reference to any reports or papers of them
would oblige D. L.
Cui Bono. What is the true rendering of the
Latin phrase Cui Bono ? Most text-books say it
means " For w t hat good ? " or, " What use was
it ? " But Francis Newman, in p. 316. of Hebrew
Monarchy, says it means " who gained by (the
crime)," and quotes Cicero pro Milone, xii. 32.,
in favour of his meaning. T. R.
Dublin.
The Stock Horn. Can any of your readers or
friends tell me where I can see a specimen of the
musical instrument called the "Stock Horn?"
Or any musical instrument of primitive form,
similar to that which Wilkie has represented in a
subject from the " Gentle Shepherd," entitled
" Roger and Jenny." It seems to be a kind of
hautboy, or oboe, and often appears in musical
devices of the last century, especially by Scotch
printers. J. GORDON SMITH,
Lady Harington. Can any of your readers
give the pedigree of the late Lady Harington,
mother of the lamented Principal of Brasenose
Coll. Oxford ? The writer of this, who was dis-
tantly related to her, recollects, though very
young, being struck with her beauty when he saw
her in 1787. One of her brothers died in India;
and another was curate of the lower church in
Guildford in 1806 ; he was probably Thomas
Philpot, of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, M.A. in 1798.
Her mother was daughter or granddaughter of
the celebrated mathematician Abraham de Moivre,
and had a sister, or aunt, housekeeper of Windsor
Castle. Her mother, the writer believes, was re-
lated to the Gomms, a branch of the family de-
scended from Eustache de St. Pierre. ANAT.
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
Descendants of Sir M. Hale.-A.YC there any of
the descendants of Sir Matthew Hale, the famous
judge of the seventeenth century, living either in
England or Ireland ? W. A.
A Query for the City Commission. In the
London Gazette of January 23, 1684-5, we read
that King Charles II. sent to the Lord Mayor, in
a silver box sealed up with his majesty's seal, the
receipts of the several cements used by the pa-
tentees for making sea- water fresh ; as also the
receipt of their metallic composition and ingre-
dients, certified under the hand of the Hon. Robert
Boyle, to be kept so sealed up by the present and
succeeding lord mayors, lest a secret of so great
importance to the public might come to be lost, if
lodged only in the knowledge of a few persons
therein concerned.
It is to be hoped that the commissioners who
are now engaged in investigating the affairs of
the Corporation of London, will not fail in making
inquiry of the present Lord Mayor after this silver
box, committed so carefully to City preservation.
H.E.
Cross-legged Monumental Figures. Are any
instances of the cross-legged figures, so common
in England, to be seen in the churches of France,
Italy, or Spain ? and if so, where may engravings
of them be found ? J. Y.
Muffins and Crumpets. Can any of your
readers tell me the origin of the names " muffins
and crumpets," and by whom and when intro-
duced at the English breakfast-table ?
OLD FOGIE.
Athenaeum.
to iff)
"Behemoth" Does any one know a book called
Behemoth, an Epitome of the Civil Wars from
1640/01660? G.W.B.
[This was the last work written by the celebrated
Thomas Hobbes of Malmsbury. " This history is in
dialogue," remarks Bishop Warburton, "and full of
paradoxes, like all Hobbes' other writings. More phi-
losophical, political or anything rather than historical ;
yet full of ^ shrewd observations." The editions are,
1679, 8vo.; 1G80, 12mo. ; 1682, 8vo.]
" Deus ex Machina." From what author is
the phrase " Deus ex machina" taken? and what
was its original application ? T. R.
Dublin.
[" Deus ex machina, " was originally a Greek pro-
verb, and used to denote any extraordinary, unex-
pected, or improbable event. It arose from the cus-
tom or stage-trickery of the ancient tragedians, who,
to produce uncommon effect on the audience, intro-
duced a deity on special occasions : "Eirl TUV irapa-
6&v KOI Trapa\6j(oi', " it is spoken of marvellous and
surprising occurrences," as the German commentator,
F. Smeider, thus explains the words of the passage in.
which the adage is to be found, viz. Lucian's Hermo-
timus, sub finem. The words are, -rb rui> rpay^wv
TOVTO, ebs e/c fjajxavris eirityaveis. To this custom Ho-
race alludes in his Ars Poetica, 1. 191. :
' Nee Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus
Incident."
Conf. Gesneri Thesaurus, in Machina.]
Wheelbarrows. Who invented the wheel-
barrow ? It is ascribed to Pascal. ALPHA.
[Fosbroke seems to have investigated the origin of
this useful article. He says, " Notwithstanding Mont-
faucon, it is not certain that the ancients were ac-
quainted with the wheelbarrow. Hyginus, indeed,
mentions a single-wheeled carriage, but it may apply
to a vehicle of conveyance. Some modern writers
ascribe the invention to Pascal, the famous geometer.
The one- wheeled carriage alluded to was, perhaps, the
Pabo of Isidore. As to the invention by Pascal, we
find berewe, a barrow, rendered by Lye, a versatile ve-
hicle ; but if more than the hand-barrow had been
meant, the addition of wheel would perhaps have been
made to the world." Encyclopaedia of Antiquities,
vol. i. p. 349.]
Persons alluded to by Hooher. Who was the
ancient philosopher to whom Hooker alludes in
Eccles. Polity, b. in. ch. xi. (iii.) ? and the Puritan
champion of the Church Service, cited b. v.
ch. xxvii. (1.) ? MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. ,
[The ancient philosopher is Philemon : see the
passage quoted by the Rev. John Keble, edit. Hooker,
1836, vol. i. p. 496., from Fragm. Incert., xliii., ed. Cler.
The Puritan champion is Edward Dering : see his
work against Harding, entitled A Spariny Restraint of
many lavish Untruths, fyc., 4to. 1568.]
LONGFELLOW'S ORIGINALITY.
(Vol. viii., p. 583.)
J. C. B. has noticed " the similarity of thought,
and even sometimes of expression," between " The
Reaper and the Flowers " of this popular writer,
and a song by Luise Reichardt. But a far more
extraordinary similarity than this exists between
Mr. Longfellow's translation of a certain Anglo-
Saxon metrical fragment, entitled " The Grave "
(Tegg's edit, in London Domestic Library, p. 283.)
and the literal translation of the same piece by
the Rev. J. J. Conybeare, transcribed by Sharon
Turner in Hist. Aug. Sax., 8vo. edit. 1823, vol. iii.
p. 326. With the exception of a few verbal
alterations, indeed, which render the fact of the
plagiarism the more glaring, the two translations
are identical. I place a few of the opening and
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 222.
concluding lines of each side by side, and would
ask if the American poet has the slightest claim to
the authorship of that version, to which he has
affixed the sanction of his name.
Conybeare's Translation.
" For thee was a house built
Ere thou wert born,
For thee was a mould shapen
Ere thou of mother earnest.
" Who shall ever open
For thee the door
And seek thee,
For soon thou becomest loathly,
And hateful to look upon."
Longfelhiv''s Translation.
" For thee was a house built
Ere thou wast born,
For thee was a mould meant
Ere thou of mother earnest.
" Who will ever open
The door for thee
And descend after thee,
For soon thou art loathsome,
And hateful to see."
WM. MATTHEWS.
Cowgill.
QUEEN ELIZABETH AND QUEEN ANNE S MOTTO.
(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 255. 440.)
I was not aware that the Query at page 174.
was not fully answered by me in page 255., but
the following may be more satisfactory.
Camden, in his Life of Queen Elizabeth (Annals
of Queen Elizabeth, p. 32.), says her first and
chiefest care was for the most constant defence of
the Protestant religion as established by the au-
thority of parliament. " Her second care to hold
an even course in her whole life and in all her
actions, whereupon she took for her motto (1559),
Semper eadem (Always the same)."
In his Remains (p. 347. 4to. 1637), Camden
says, "Queen Elizabeth upon occasions used so
many heroical devices as would require a volume :
but most commonly a sive without a motte for
her words Video, Taceo, and Semper eadem, which
she as truly and constantly performed."
Sandford is silent as to her motto.
Leake says this motto, Semper eadem, was only
a personal motto ; as queen, the old motto, Dieu et
mon Droit, was used, and is so given in Segar's
Honour, Military and Civil, dedicated to her ma-
jesty in 1602, and which is also on her tomb. In
some churches where there are arms put up to
her memory, it is probable the motto Semper
eadem may sometimes have been seen as being a
personal motto to distinguish it from her brothers.
Queen Anne, before the union with Scotland, bore
the same arms, crest, and supporters as her father
King James II., but discontinued the use of the
old motto, Dieu et mon Droit, and instead thereof
used Semper eadem. The motto ascribed to Queen
Elizabeth she took for the same reason to express
her constancy ; but this, which was personal as to
Queen Elizabeth, was then made the motto of the
royal achievement, and seems the first instance
of discontinuing the old motto of Dieu et mon
Droit, from the first assumption of it by King
Edward III. ; for as to the different ones attri-
buted to Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, and
King James L, they were personal only.
The motto is indeed no part of the arms but
personal, and therefore is frequently varied ac-
cording to the fancy of the bearer ; nevertheless,
when particular mottoes have been taken to per-
petuate the memory of great events, either in
families or kingdoms, and have been established
by long usage, such should be esteemed as family
or national mottoes, and it is honourable to con-
tinue them.
In 1702 (Gazette, No. 3874) Queen Anne com-
manded the Earl Marshal to signify her pleasure
that wheresoever her royal arms were to be used
with a motto, that of Semper eadem should be
used ; and upomthe union with Scotland in 1707,
by her order in council it was ordered to be con-
tinued.
King George I., upon his accession, thought
proper to discontinue it, and restored the old
motto, Dieu et mon Droit. G.
BOOKS BURNT BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.
(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.)
The Histoires of Theodore Agrippa d'Aubigne
were condemned, by an arret of the parliament of
Paris, to be burnt by the common hangman. The
charge against the works was, that D'Aubigne had
spoken too freely "of princes ; and it may be added,
too freely also of the Jesuits, which was probably
the greatest crime. D'Aubigne said upon the oc-
casion, that he could not be offended at the treat-
ment given to his book, after having seen the Holy
Bible ignominiously hanged upon a gibbet (for
thus some fiery zealots used the Bible which they
had taken from the Huguenots, to show their pious
hatred to all translations of that book into their
native tongue), and fourscore thousand innocent
persons massacred without provocation.
The Histoire of James Augustus de Thou (a
Roman Catholic, though a moderate one) met
with the same fate at Rome that D'Aubigne's had
at Paris, and it was even debated in council
whether the like sentence should not pass against
it in France. D'Aubigne, however, spoke strongly
in its favour, affirming that no Frenchman had
ever before given such evident proofs of solid
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
judgment and steady application, qualities not
generally allowed to be the characteristic of the
nation. (Scott's Life of Theodore Agrippa $Au-
ligne, p. 419.)
In 1762 the Emilie of Jean Jacques Kousseau
was burnt at Geneva by the common hangman.
Le Contrat Social had soon afterwards the same
fate. (Biographie Universelle, article " J. J. Rous-
seau.")
On June 17th, 1553, nearly the whole of the
edition of the De Cmstianismi llestitutione of
Servetus, which had been seized at Lyons, was
cast into the flames, and Servetus burnt, in effigy
at Vienne in Dauphine. (Biographie Universelle,
art. " Servetus.")
In 1538 the English Bible, printed by Grafton
at Paris, was (with the exception of a few copies)
burnt by the order of the Inquisition. During
the reign of Henry VIII. (observes Mr. D'ls-
raeli in Amenities of Literature, vol. iii. p. 358.),
the Bishop of Durham had all the unsold copies
of Tindal's Testament bought up at Antwerp and
burnt. In this age of unsettled opinions, both
Roman Catholic and Protestant books were burnt.
In the reign of Edward VI. Roman Catholic works
fed the flames.
" All red-lettered illuminated volumes were chopped
in pieces with hatchets, and burned as superstitious.
The works of Peter Lombard, Duns Scotus, and
Thomas Aquinas, carried on biers, were tumbled into
bonfires. In the reign of Mary pyramids of Protestant
volumes were burnt. All the Bibles in English, and
all the commentators upon the Bible in the vernacular
idiom (which we are told from their number seemed
almost infinite), were cast into the flames at the
market-place, Oxford." D'Israeli's Amenities of Lite-
rature, vol. ii. pp. 164, 165.
In Strype's Memorials (3rd part, 2nd ed., p.
130.) is a proclamation of Philip and Mary, " that
whoever finds books of heresy and sedition, and
does not forthwith burn the same, shall be executed
for a rebel"
The Stationers' Company (who were granted
a charter of incorporation during the reign of
Philip and Mary) had power to seize, take away,
and burn books which they deemed obnoxious to
the state or to their own interests.
" When Elizabeth was upon the throne, political
pamphlets fed the flames, and libels in the reign of
James I. and his son." D'Israeli's Curiosities of Li-
terature, " Licensers of the Press."
" In the first year of the reign of King William III.,
A.D. 1688, a grand auto-da-fe was performed by the
University of Oxford on certain political works.
Baxter's Holy Commonwealth was amongst those con-
demned to the flames." D'Israeli's Amenities of
Literature, vol. iii. p. 325.
Perhaps some correspondent of " N. & Q." may
furnish other instances of books burnt. L. A.
STONE PULPITS.
(Vol. viii., p. 562.)
To MR. KERSLEY'S list I can add, from my own
county, St. John the Evangelist, Cirencester,
used ; SS. Peter and Paul, Northleach, used ;
Staunton, All Saints, in the Hundred of St.
Briavell's, Dean Forest, not used.
The last has a curious double arrangement in
two storeys, like a modern reading-desk and pul-
pit, projecting west from the north side of the
chancel arch, or rather (if I recollect rightly, for
I took no notes on visiting the church) of the
west tower arch, and to both which there is
access from the newel leading to the ancient rood-
loft.
To the above might be added those of Coombe,
Oxon ; Frampton, Dorset ; and Trinity Church,
Coventry : and if any other than those in churches,
the angular one in the entrance court in Magda-
lene College, Oxford, from which, formerly, the
University Sermon used to be preached on the
festival of St. John the Baptist, when the court
was strewed with rushes for the occasion (vide
Glossary of Architecture, in verb.) ; that in the
refectory of Tinterne Abbey, Monmouthshire ;
and the well-known exquisite specimen of the
later First Pointed period, occupying a similar
locality in the Abbey of Beaulieu, Hants, so ela-
borately illustrated by Mr. Carter in Weale's
Quarterly Papers. BROOKTHORPE.
A collection of English examples alone would
make a long list. Besides the well-known one
(A.D. 1480) in the outer court of Magdalene Col-
lege, Oxford, the following are noted in the last
edition of the Oxford Glossary, viz. : Beaulieu,
Hants (A. n. 1260) ; Beverley ; Chester ; Abbey
Garden, Shrewsbury: these are in refectories of
monasteries. In churches at Cirencester ;
Coombe, Oxon (circa A. D. 1370) ; Frampton,
Dorset (circa A.D. 1450) ; Trinity Church, Co-
ventry (circa A.D. 1470) : the latter appears from
the cut to be stone.
In the second edition of the Glossary is also
St. Peter's, Oxon (circa 1400).
Devonshire abounds in good samples : see
Trans, of Exeter Architectural Society, vol. i., at
table of plates, and the engraved plates of three
very rich specimens, viz. Harberton, Chittlehamp-
ton, North Molton, each of which is encircled by
canopied niches with statues.
At North Petherton, in Somersetshire, is a
curious grotesque human figure of stone, crouched
on the floor, supporting the pulpit (which is of
wood, as I think) upon his shoulders, Atlas-like.
J. J. R.
Temple.
MR. KERSLEY desires a list of ancient stone pul-
pits. I can give him the following, but cannot
80
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
describe their positions, nor certify which of them
are still used: Bedfordshire, St. Paul's, Bed-
ford ; Cheshire, Nantwich ; Cornwall, Egloshayle ;
Devonshire, Chittlehampton, Harberton, Totnes,
South Wooton ; Dorsetshire, Frampton ; Glou-
cestershire, North Cerney, Cirencester, Cold Ash-
ton, Northleach, Pitchcomb, Winchcorab, Glou-
cester Cathedral ; Hampshire, Beaulieu Abbey
(fine Early Decorated), Shorwell, Isle of Wight ;
Oxfordshire, Coombe (1395), Oxford, Magdalene
College (1480), Oxford, St. Peter's; Somerset-
shire, Chedder, Kew Stoke, Nailsea, Stogumber,
Wrington ; Sussex, Clymping ; Warwickshire,
Coventry, Trinity Church ; Worcestershire, Wor-
cester Cathedral. C. R. M.
The Glossary of Architecture supplies the fol-
lowing examples: Beaulieu, Hampshire, c. 1260
(plate 166.), in the refectory; Combe, Oxford-
shire, c. 1370 (plate 166.) ; Magdalene College,
Oxford, c. 1480 (plate 166.), in the outer court ;
Frampton, Dorset, c. 1450 (plate 167.); Holy
Trinity, Coventry, c. 1500 (plate 167.), restored
by Mr. Rickman.
Are, or were, the pulpits in the refectories of
"the monasteries of Beverley, Shrewsbury, and
Chester, referred to in the Glossary sub voc. PUL-
PIT, of stone ? W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
There are ancient stone pulpits still existing at
Beaulieu Abbey Church, now in use, A.D. 1260 ;
Wells Cathedral, in the nave, A.D. 1547; Magdalene
College, Oxford, A.D. 1480, in the south-east angle
of the first court, formerly used at the Univer-
sity Sermon on St. John Baptist's Day; Combe
Church, Oxon., Perp. style : Frampton Church,
Dorset, A.D. 1450; Trinity Church, Coventry,
A.D. 1500. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
To the list may be added that of Holy Trinity
Church, Coventry, which is a very fine specimen,
and furnished with bracket for the book. It ad-
joins the south aisle piers, and is in use.
G. E. T. S. R. N.
ANTIQUITY OF FIRE-IRONS.
(Vol. viii., p. 587.)
The Invention of these domestic instruments,
called " tongs, fireshovels, and prongs " by Sir
T. Browne, dates from a v^ry early period. The
"shovel" is the A.-S. fyr-sceofl. Lye refers to
" the fire-sholve " of the sixteenth century, which
he tells us was " made like a grate to sift the sea-
cole with," exactly as we see it constructed now.
(See Gage's Hengrave, p. 23.) The " poker" (see
Du Cange, v. Titionarium) is mentioned by Johan.
de Janua in the thirteenth century. It had
formerly two massive prongs, and was commonly
called the " fire-fork." There is a poker of this
description, temp. Hen. VIII., in Windsor Castle,
which is figured in Britton's Arcldt. Antiq., vol. ii.
p. 99. (See also Strutt's Horda Angelcynn, vol. ii.
pp. 62. 64., and Fosbrooke's Encyc. Antiq., pp.264.
305. 340.) The " tongs," A.-S. fyr-tang (see Du
Cange, v. Tenalea, Tenales, Tenecula), with which
Swift mischievously directs us to stir the fire " if
the poker be out of the way," are of the remotest
antiquity. They are frequently spoken of in the
sacred records, as by Isaiah, vi. 6. ; and we all
know to what purpose a similar weapon was ap-
plied by holy St. Dunstan. In fact, they are
doubtless coeval with fires themselves. The word
" tongs " is the old Icelandic, Norraena, or Donsk-
tunga, taung, pi. tdngir, the Dan. tang, Scot, and
Belg. tangs, taings, Belg. tanghe, Alem. zanga,
Germ, zange, Gall. tenaiUe, Ital. tenaglia, c. The
most ancient of the mytho-cosmogonic poems of
the elder Edda attribute to this implement an
origin no less than divine ; for in the Volo-spa,
st. vii., it is stated that when the mighty CEsir
assembled on Idavb'llr to regulate the courses of
the stars, to take counsel for the erection of tem-
ples and palaces, and to build furnaces, amongst
other tools, by them also then fabricated, tdngir
scopo, " they made tongs," for the use and delecta-
tion of the volundr a jam, or skilful blacksmith
(the Weyland smith of " Kenilworth ") and care-
ful housewife of future days. WM. MATTHEWS.
. Cowgill.
ALIQUIS will perhaps find his question satis-
factorily answered by a visit to Goodrich Court,
Herefordshire, where the late Sir Samuel Meyrick,
with the industry and exactness which distinguished
that indefatigable antiquary, had arranged a series
of rooms illustrative of the domestic habits of the
twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth,
and seventeenth centuries.
It is so long ago since I saw these rooms (and
then but very cursorily), that I will not undertake
to say the series was complete from the twelfth
inclusive ; and when, recently, last there, the
family were at home, and nothing but the armoury
shown ; but from the evident care taken of that
unrivalled and magnificent collection by the present
proprietor, the series of appropriate furniture,
each genuine specimens of the period they repre-
sent, is doubtless preserved intact, though I un-
derstood that the chambers had been since fitted
up more consistently with the requirements of the
nineteenth century. BROOKTHORPE.
ORDER OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM.
(Vol. vii., p. 407.)
R. L. P. asks " What members of the British
language were present, when, in 1546, the English
commander Upton attacked and defeated the
famous corsair Dra.gut at Tarschien, in Malta ?"^
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
81
In answer to the above question I would beg to
remark, that in September, 1536, John d'Omedes
ascended the Maltese throne on the decease of
Didier de Saint Jaille ; and his reign continued
seventeen years, i. e. to 1553. In looking through
several histories of the order, I am unable to
find any mention made of a Turkish descent on
the island in 1546. Had such an occurrence taken
place, it doubtless would have been recorded ; but
as it is not, it would have been impossible for the
Commander Upton to have distinguished himself
in any such conflict as your correspondent sup-
poses.
R. L. P. then asks, What members of it were
present (that is, the British language) when the
Chevalier Repton, Grand Prior of England in
1551, was killed, after signally defeating the Turks
in another attack on the island ? "
With all due deference I would beg to state,
that there was not in July, 1551, when Dragut
made an attack on Malta, any English knight of
the name of Repton ; and it can be satisfactorily
shown by the following extract, that at the period
referred to by R. L. P., Nicholas Upton was Grand
Prior of England, and was not "killed" after sig-
nally defeating the Turks, but died from the effects
of a coup de soleil :
" L'isola del Gozzo fu presa da Sinam Bassa, a per-
suasione di Dragutte, il 1551, essendosi renduto a
cliscrezione F. Galaziano de Sesse Aragonese, Governa-
tore, che vi rimase schiavo. Ma poco dopo il Cavaliere
F. Pietro d'Olivares, la ristauro da danni patiti e vi
richiamo nuove famiglie a ripopolarla. Sinam, prima
di andare al Gozzo, fece una discesa in Malta, ma fu
rispinto da Cavaliere :. neUa quale azione pel molto caldo
sofferto, mori Nicolas Vpton, Gran Priore cT Inghilterra."
Vide Codice Dip., vol. ii. p. 573. ; as also Vertot's
History of the Order, vol. iv. p. 144., date July, 1551.
That Sir Nicholas Upton was Grand Prior of
England in 1551, is sufficiently shown in the above
extract ; and that he was Commander of Repton,
or Ripston, will be as readily seen by the follow-
ing lines translated from the Latin, and to be
found in a book of manuscripts of the years 1547,
1548, 1549, now in the Record Office. (Vide Lib.
Bull. M. M. F. J. Homedes.)
" On the 15th November, 1547, Nicholas Upton was
appointed by the Grand Master Omedes Commander
of Ripston in the language of England. And on the
5th of November, 1548, he was exalted to the dignity
of Turcopolier, in place of the knight Russell de-
ceased."
I am unable to inform R. L. P. what English
knights were present in Malta in 1551 ; but enough
has already appeared in " N. & Q." to show that
they were few in number, and poor as regards
their worldly effects. The Reformation had de-
stroyed the British language, and caused the ruin
of its members. The first severe blow against the
Order of St. John of Jerusalem was given by
Henry VIII., and the last by Queen Elizabeth in
the first year of her reign. (Vide " N. & Q.,"
Vol. viii., pp. 189. 193.) WILLIAM WINTHROP.
La Valetta, Malta.
GRAMMARS, ETC., FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
(Vol. ix., p. 8.)
St. Mary's College, Winchester (publisher,
D. Nutt). Novum Florilegium Poeticum ; Car-
mina qucedam elegantissima ; De Diis et Heroibus
poeticis libellus ; Homeri Ilias (Heyne) et
Odyssece ; Interpretatio Poikiles Istorias ; Ovidii
Fasti, librivi.; HoiKiXr) Iffropia; Selectee Histories
ex Ccesare, Justino et Floro ; Notes on the Diates-
saron, by the Rev. Frederic Wickham, now Second
Master ; Gr&ca Grammatices Rudimenta, by Bi-
shop Wordsworth, late Second Master ; Greek
and Latin Delectus, by the Rev. H. C. Adams, late
Commoner Tutor.
Of Eton books there were in use the Latin and
Greek Grammars ; Pindar's Olympian and Pythian
Odes ; Scriptores Grceci et Romani. A complete
list of Eton and Westminster school-books will be
found in the London Catalogue, which enrols Vidce
de Arte Poetica ; Trapp's Preelections Poetica,
and the Rise, tyc. of Poetry and Fine Arts in An-
cient Rome, as Winchester school-books.
In 1512, Winchester and Eton had a common
grammar. Hugh Lloyd, D.C.L., Head Master,
A.D. 1580 1602, wrote Dictata and Phrases Ele-
gantiores for the use of the school. William
Herman, M.A., Head Master of Winchester,
14951502, and Eton, 14891495, wrote Vul-
garia puerorum.
Hugh Robinson, D.D., Head Master, wrote
Prayers and Latin Phrases for the school. It is
almost superfluous to name Bishop Ken's Manual
for Winchester Scholars, edited by Dr. Moberly,
the present excellent Head Master, some years
since. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M. A.
In pursuance of the hint of MR. P. H. FISHER,
I will describe an old school-book in my possession,
which is bound up with Godwyn's Romance His-
torice Anthologia. It contains, l.Preces ; 2. Gram }
maticalia qucedam; 3. Rhetorica Irevis, and was
printed at Oxford in 1616 by Joseph Barnes.
Though there is nothing in the title-page to in-
dicate that it was for the use of Winchester Col-
lege, this sufficiently appears from the " Thanks-
giving for William of Wiccham " in the grace after
dinner, and also from the insertion of William of
Wykeham's arms before the Rhetorica brevis. It
bears abundant marks of having been used in the
school, and contains, on the blank pages with
which it was furnished, several MS. Wykehamical
memoranda, some of them well known, and others,
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
perhaps, the exercises of the original owner. All
are in Latin, except the following verses, which I
transcribe :
" On Queene Anne, Queene of the Scots.
March with his winds hath strooke a cedar tall,
And morning April weeps the cedar's fall,'
And May intends noe flowers her month shall bring,
Since shee must lose the flower of all the spring ;
Thus March's winds have caused April showers,
And yet sad May must lose her flower of flowers."
C.W.B.
DERIVATION OF MAWMET, CAME.
(VoLviii., pp.468. 515.)
That the word mawmet is a derivation from the
name of Mahomet, is rendered exceedingly pro-
bable by two circumstances taken in connexion :
its having been in common use to signify an idol,
in the age immediately following that of the Cru-
sades ; and the fact, that in the public opinion and
phraseology of that time, a Saracen and an idolater
were synonymous. In the metrical romances of
the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Maho-
metanism is described as " hethenesse," and Sara-
cens as "paynims," "heathens," and "folks of
the heathen law." The objects of their faith and
worship were supposed to be Mahomet, Jupiter,
Apollo, Pluto, and Termagaunt. Thus, in the
romance of Richard Cceur de Lion :
" They slowe euery Sarezyn,
And toke the temple of Apolyn." L. 4031-2.
" That we our God Mahoun forsake." L. 4395.
" And made ther her (their) sacryfyse,
To Mahoun, and to Jupiter." L. 4423.
" But to Termagaunt and Mahoun,
They cryede fast, and to Plotoun." L. 6421-2.
Weber's Metrical Romances, vol. ii.
The editor says :
" There is no doubt that our romance existed before
the year 1300, as it is referred to in the Chronicles of
Robert de Gloucester and Robert de Brunne." Vol. i.
Introd., p. xlvi.
In the same poem, the word mawmettes is used
to signify idols :
" Sarazynes before hym came,
And asked off hym Crystendame.
Ther wer crystend, as I find,
More than fourty thousynd.
Kyrkes they made off Crystene lawe,
And her (their) Mawmettes lete down drawe."
L. 582944.
In Wiclif's translation of the New Testament
also, the word occurs in the same sense : maw-
metis, idolis, and false goddis being used indiffer-
ently where idola or simulacra are employed in
the Latin Yulgate : thus
" Fie ghe fro worschipyng of mawmetis."
1 Cor. x. 14.
" My litel sones kepe ye you fro mawmetis."
1 John v. 21.
And in Acts vii. 41., the golden calf is designated
by the same word, in the singular number :
" And thei maden a calf in tho daies, and ofFriden a
sacrifice to the mawmet."
In the first line of the quotation last given
from Richard Cceur de Lion, your correspondent
H. T. G. will find an early instance of the word
came ; whether early enough, I cannot say. In
Wiclif s version, cam, came, and camen are the
usual expressions answering to' "came" in our
translation. If above five hundred and fifty years'
possession does not give a word a good title to
its place in our language, without a conformity
to Anglo-Saxon usage, the number of words that
must fall under the same imputation of novelty
and "violent infringement" is very great indeed.
J. W. THOMAS.
Dewsbury.
THE GOSLING FAMILY.
(Yol.vi., p. 510.)
ONE or THE FLOCK asks for information re-
lative to the antiquity of the name and family of
Gosling. The Norman name of Gosselin is evi-
dently the same as that of Jocelyn, the tendency
of the Norman dialect being to substitute a hard
g for the./ or soft g, as gambe forjambe, guerbe for
gerbe. As a family name it is far from uncommon
in Normandy, and many of your antiquarian
readers may recognise it as the name of a pub-
lisher at Caen of works on the antiquities of that
province. A family of the name of Gosselin has
been established for many centuries in the island
of Guernsey. William Gocelyn was one of those
sworn upon the inquest as to the services, customs,
and liberties of the island, and the laws established
by King John, which inquest was confirmed by
King Henry III. in the year 1248. In the year
1331 an extent of the crown revenues, &c. was
made by order of Edward III., and in this docu-
ment the name of Richard Gosselin appears as
one of the jury of the parish of St. Peter-Port.
A genealogy of the Guernsey family of Gosselin
is to be found in the appendix to Berry's history
of that island, and it is there stated that
" The first on record in Jersey is Robert Gosselin,
who greatly assisted in rescuing the castle of Mont
Orgueil from the French in the reign of Edward III.,
and was, for his gallant services, not only appointed
governor of the castle by that monarch, but presented
with the arms since borne by that family (viz. Gules, a
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
83
chevron between three crescents ermine), as appears by
the original grant under the great seal of England,
supposed to be upon record in the Tower of London, |
or among the archives at Winchester. This Robert |
Gosselin some time after settled in Guernsey, where j
he married Magdelaine, daughter of William Mai- j
travers, his majesty's lieutenant in that island."
On referring to Burke's Armory, I find that !
families of the name of Gosselin, Gosling, and
Gooseling all bear arms similar to those described j
above, or but slightly differing, which affords a
strong presumption that they are all descended ;
from the same stock. The arms of Gosselin of j
Normandy are quite different.
HONORS DE MAREVILLE. j
Guernsey.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Tent for Collodion Purposes. Some time ago, I saw
in " N. & Q." a slight notice of a tent for the collodion
process : I think it is called " Francis' Collodion
Tent." Would you, or some of your photographic
correspondents, oblige me by giving a short description
of this tent, or any other form, so that I may be able to
operate with collodion in the open air?
I am of an opinion, with a portable tent, so that we
could expose paper in a damp state, the process might
be done nearly as quick as collodion. All that need
be done for a paper negative, would be to expose and
develop ; it can be fixed at home. But after being
developed, it should be well washed and dried.
JAMES O. CLAZEY.
Multiplying Negatives and Collodion on Paper. As j
I am desirous of printing a large quantity of copies of
a glass negative in my possession, I shall be obliged by
any hints as to the best method of multiplying such
negative, so as to guard against an accident from
breakage.
I should also feel obliged for any hints upon the
use of collodion applied to glass, paper intervening ;
so that the paper may be afterwards removed from the
glass, and used as a negative. I have heard of much
success in this way, but am at a loss to know the best
mode of operation. M. N. S.
Photographic Copies of Ancient Manuscripts Might
not photography be well employed in making fac-
similes of valuable, rare, and especially of unique
ancient manuscripts ? If copies of such manuscripts
could be multiplied at a moderate price, there are
many proprietors of libraries would be .glad to enrich
them by what, for all purposes of reference, would
answer equally well with the originals. A.
[This subject, which has already been touched upon
in our columns, has. not yet received the attention it
deserves. We have now before us a photographic j
copy of a folio page of a MS. of the fourteenth or
fifteenth century, on which are inscribed a number of
charters ; and, although the copy is reduced so as to
be but about 2 inches high and H broad, it is perfectly
legible ; and the whole of the contractions are as dis-
tinct as if the original vellum was before us.]
Fox Talbofs Patents. Would the Editor of" N. &
Q." have the kindness to inform A. B. whether a pho-
tograph (portrait), taken from a black cutting made by
an amateur, and inserted in a published work, would
infringe on Mr. F. Talbot's patent ? Also, whether
collodion portraits come within his patent, as it was
understood it could only apply to the paper process?
(The cutting would be taken on albumenised paper.)
A. B. would also be glad to know where Towgood
of St. Neot's positive paper can be procured, and the
price? A. B.
Mr. Fox Talbot having thrown open the whole of
his patents, with the exception of the taking of por-
traits for sale, on which it is understood that gentle-
man claims a royalty which may, in some cases, be
considered a prohibition, I should be glad to know
under which of Mr. Talbot's patents such royalty can
be enforced, and when the patent in question expires?
H. H.
Antiquarian Photographic Society. We believe that
most of the difficulties which have stood in the way of
the organisation of this Society have at length been
got over ; and that we shall, in the course of a week or
two, be enabled to state full particulars of its rules,
arrangements, &e. Our readers are aware that its
main object is the interchange of photographs among
the members ; each contributing as many copies of his
own work as there are members of the Society, and
receiving in exchange as many different photographs.
Thus, if the Society is limited to twenty-five or fifty
members, each member will have to furnish twenty-five
or fifty copies, as the case may be, of the photograph
he presents to the Society ; and, in return, will receive
one photograph from each of his fellow members. The
difficulty, or rather trouble of printing, must neces-
sarily limit the number of members ; and as a conse-
quence will, we doubt not, lead to the formation of
many similar associations.
ta Minor
" Firm was their faith" frc. (Vol. viii., p. 564. ;
Vol. ix., p. 17.). I am utterly unable to account
for the reserve shown by SAXA in withholding the
name of Robert Stephen Hawker, Vicar of Mor-
wenstow, author of the beautiful volume of poems
entitled Echoes from Old Cornwall : especially as
the author's name appears on the title-page, and
SAXA appears so desirous that his merits should
be better known to the world. 'AAtetfe.
Dublin.
Attainment of Majority (Vol. ix., p. 18.). I
cannot, in courtesy, omit to notice MR. RUSSELL
GOLE'S obliging efforts to assist the investigation of
this subject. I must, however, refer him to the
first paragraph of my last communication (Vol. viii.,
p. 541.), on the reperusal of which he will find
84
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
that what he states to be " the question " has not
been at any time questioned. He has apparently
mistaken my meaning, and imagines that " about
the beginning of the seventeenth century" means
1704 (that being the date of the case cited by him).
I beg to assure him that I intended the expres-
sion, " beginning of the seventeenth century," to
be understood in the ordinary acceptation.
A. E. B.
Leeds.
Three Fleurs-de-Lis (Vol. ix., p. 35.). I have
by me a MS. Biographical History of the English
Episcopate, complete from the foundation of every
See, with the armorial bearings of the several
bishops : the whole I have collected from the best
sources. I find among these, in the arms of Tril-
leck of Hereford, three fleurs-de-lis in chief; Stil-
lingfleet of VYorcester, Coverdale of Exeter, North
of Winchester, three fleurs-de-lis, two in chief
and one in base ; Stretton of Lichfield, three fleurs-
de-lis in bend. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M. A.
Sir John Egles, who was knighted by King
James II. in the last year of his reign, and was
Lord Mayor of London in 1688, bore : Argent, a
fess engrailed, and in chief three fleurs-de-lis sable.
The family of France, now represented by
James France, Esq., of Bostock Hall, co. Cheshire,
bear : Argent, on a mount in base a hurst proper,
a chief wavy azure, charged with three fleurs-de-
lis or. (The last are probably armes parlanles.}
Halford of Wistow bears : Argent, a greyhound
passant sable, on a chief azure, three fleurs-de-lis
or. LEWIS EVANS.
DEVONIENSIS is informed, that the family of
Saunders bear the following coat of arms: viz.
Argent, three fleurs-de-lis sable, on a chief of the
second three fleurs-de-lis of the first. Also, that
the families of Chesterfield, Warwyke, Kempton,
&c., bear : Three fleurs-de-lis in a line (horizon-
tal) in the upper part of the shield. See Glovers'
Ordinary, augmented and improved in Berry's
Encyclopcedia Heraldica, vol. i. H. C. C.
, Newspaper Folk Lore (Vol. ix., p. 29.).
Although (apparently unknown to LONDONER) the
correspondent of The Times, under "Naval In-
telligence," in December last, with his usual accu-
racy, glanced at the " snaka lore " merely to laugh
at the fable, I have written to a gallant cousin of
mine, now serving as a naval officer at Portsmouth,
and subjoin his reply to my letter ; it will, I
think, amply suffice to disabuse a LONDONER'S, or
his friend's, mind of any impression of credence to
be attached to it, as regards the snake :
" H.M.S. Excellent. Jonathan Smith, gunner's
mate of the Hastings, joined this ship from the
Hastings in July ; went on two months' leave,
but came back in August very ill, and was imme-
diately sent to the hospital for general dropsy, of
which he shortly after died, and he was buried
in Kingston churchyard, being followed to the
grave by a part of the ship's company of the
Excellent.
" Shortly before his death a worm, not a snake,
came from him. It was nine inches in length ;
but though of such formidable dimensions, such
things are common enough in the East Indies,
where this man must have swallowed it, when
very small, in water. They seldom are the cause
of death, and, in the present instance, had nothing
whatever to do with it. The story of the snake
got into some of the papers, but was afterwards
contradicted in several."
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
Nattochiis and Calchanti (Vol. ix., p. 36.).
Your correspondent F. S. A. asks what " cum
g a nis et nattochiis" means, in a charter of the date
of Edward II. At that time nattes signified
reeds, and possibly withies : and the words quoted
I believe to mean, " with all grass and reeds (or
reed-beds)." He also inquires what is meant, in
a deed of grant of the time of Queen Elizabeth, by
a grant of " decimas calchanti," &c. ? It signifies
" tithes ways," &c. The original law Latin for
the modern phrase " all ways," &c., was calceata,
signifying " raised ways."
This word has (at different periods) been
written, calceata, calcata, calcea, calchia, chaucee,
and chausse; all of them, however, meaning the
same thing. JOHN THRUFP.
11. York Gate.
Marriage Ceremony in the Fourteenth Century
(Vol. ix., p. 33.). If R. C. will refer to Palmer's
OriginesLiturgicce (Rivington,1845, vol. ii. p. 214.),
he will find that the first part of the matrimonial
office was " anciently termed the espousals, which
took place some time before the actual celebration
of marriage." Palmer explains :
" The espousals consisted in a mutual promise of
marriage, which was made by the man and woman
before the bishop or presbyter, and several witnesses.
After which, the articles of agreement of marriage
(called tabulae, matrimonlales), which are mentioned by
Augustin, were signed by both persons. After this,
the man delivered to the woman the ring and other gifts ;
an action which was termed subarrhation. In the latter
ages the espousals have always been performed at the
same time as the office of matrimony, both in the
western and eastern churches ; and it has long been
customary for the ring to be delivered to the woman
after the contract has been made, which has always been
iii the actual office of matrimony.".
Wheatly also speaks of the ring as a " token of
spousage" He tell us that
" In the old manual for the use of Salisbury, before
the minister proceeds to the marriage, he is directed to
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
85
ask the woman's dowry, viz. the tokens of speusage : and
ly these tokens of spousage are to be understood rings, or
money, or some other things to .be given to the woman by
the man ; which said giving is called subarration (i. e.
wedding or covenanting), especially lohen it is done by
the giving of a ring" A Rational Illustration of the
Book of Common Prayer, Sfc. (Tegg, 1845), p. 408.
Perhaps the word subarration may suggest to
E. C. a clue, by which he can mend his extract ?
J. SANSOM.
Clarence (Vol. viii., p. 565.). I made no note
of it at the time, but I remember to have read, I
think in some newspaper biography of William IV.,
that the title of Clarence belonged to the Plan-
tagenets in right of some of their foreign alliances,
and that it was derived from the town of Chia-
renza, or Clarence, in the Morea. As many of the
crusaders acquired titles of honour from places in
the Byzantine empire, this account may be correct.
Lionel Plantagenet's acquisition of the honour of
Clare by his marriage with Elizabeth de Burgh,
may have induced his father Edward III. to re-
vive the dormant title of Clarence in his favour.
HOJJORE DE MAREVIULE.
Guernsey.
" The spire whose silent finger" 8fc. (Vol. ix.,
p. 9.). -
" And O 1 ye swelling hills and spacious plains !
L Besprent from shore to shore with steeple-tow'rs,
And spires whose silent finger points to heav'n."
Wordsworth, Excursion, vi. 17.
Coleridge uses the same idea in his Friend,
No. xiv. p. 223. :
" An instinctive taste teaches men to build their
churches in flat countries with spire-steeples ; which,
as they cannot be referred to any other object, point
as with silent finger to the sky and stars ; arid some-
times, when they reflect the brazen light of a rich
though rainy sunset, appear like a pyramid of flame
burning heavenward."
F. R.M., M.A.
The following lines conclude a pretty little
poem of Rogers's, entitled A Wish. They furnish
at any rate a parallel passage to, if not the correct
version of, the above :
" The village church, among the trees,
Where first our marriage vows were given,
With merry peals shall swell the breeze,
And point ivith taper spire to heaven"
C. W. B.
Henry Earl of Wotton (Vol. viii., pp. 173.
281. 563.). In reply to the editors of the
Navorxcher I have to state
1. That neither of the Lords Stanhope mentioned
died childless, the letters s.p. being a misprint for
v. p. (vita patris} ; Henry having died during the
lifetime of his father: and it was "in regard
that he did not live to enjoy his father's honours "
that his widow was afterwards advanced to the
dignity of Countess of Chesterfield.
2. It was Charles Stanhope's nephew (of the
half-blood), Charles Henry van der Kerckhove,
who took the name of Wotton. The insertion of
the word "thereupon" between "who" and "took,"
on p. 281., would have made the sentence less
obscure.
3. Philip, first Earl of Chesterfield, had, besides
Henry Lord Stanhope, two daughters and ten
sons. These were John, who died a student at
Oxford; Ferdinando, M.P. for Tamworth, 1640,
killed at Bridgeford, Notts, 1643 ; Philip, killed
in defence of his father's house, which was a gar-
rison for the king, 1645 ; Arthur, youngest son,
M. P. for Nottingham in the parliament of
Charles II., from whom descended the fifth earl ;
Charles, died s.p. 1645 ; Edward, William, Tho-
mas, Michael, George, died young.
The earldom descended in a right line for three
generations to the issue of Henry, Lord Stanhope,
viz. Philip, his son, second earl ; Philip, third earl,
his grandson ; and Philip, fourth earl, his great-
grandson.
The Alexander Stanhope mentioned by the
editors of the Navorscher was the only son of
Philip, first Earl of Chesterfield, by his second
marriage. His mother was Anne, daughter of
Sir John Pakington, of Westwood, co. Worcester,
ancestor of the present baronet, late Secretary of
State for the Colonies. BROCTUNA.
Bury, Lancashire.
Tenth (or the Prince of Wales' s Own) Regiment
of (Light) Dragoons (Vol. viii., p. 538. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 19.). The monarch of this realm reviewing a
regiment, of which the heir apparent was not only
Colonel, but took the command, and directed all
the military evolutions on the occasion, was such
a particular event as to merit being commemo-
rated by the splendid picture at Hampton Court
Palace. Your correspondent $., who desires to be
informed on what particular day that review took
place, will find that it was on Thursday, Aug. 15,
1799. In the daily paper, The True Briton, of
Aug. 16, 1799, he will find some details, of which
the following is an abridgment :
" The Prince of Wales's regiment (the 10th Light
Dragoons) was yesterday reviewed by his Majesty on
Winkfield Plain. The troops practised their man-
oeuvres through Cranbourne Woods, &c. His Royal
Highness gave the word of command to his regiment,
and wore in his military helmet ' an oak bough.' The
Prince of Wales gave an entertainment afterwards to
the officers at the Bush Inn, at Staines."
The general officers in attendance upon his
Majesty, and represented in the picture, were the
Commander-in-Chief, Field-Marshal II. E. H. the
86
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
Duke of York, K.G. and K.B., Colonel 2nd Foot
Guards; Lieut.-Gen. and Adjutant- Gen. Sir Win.
Fawcett, K. B., 3rd Dragoon Guards ; Lieut.-
Gen. David Dundas, Quarter-niaster-General,
7th Light Dragoons; Major-Gen. Goldsworthy,
First Equerry, 1st Royal Dragoons. NARRO.
Lewis and Sewell Families (Vol. viii., pp. 388.
521.). C. H. F. will find M. G. Lewis's ances-
tors, his family mausoleum, the tomb of his ma-
ternal grandfather, &c., incidentally mentioned in
" M. G. Lewis's Negro Life in the West Indies,"
No. 16. of Murray's Home and Colonial Library,
1845. The pedigrees of the Shedden and Lush-
ington family would probably afford him some
information upon the subject of his Query.
The Right Hon. Sir Thos. Sewell's second wife
was a Miss Sibthorp, daughter of Coningsby
Sibthorp of Canwick, Lincolnshire. By her he
had one child, which died young. The Rev.
George Sewell, William Luther Sewell, Robert
Sewell, Attorney- General of Jamaica, and Lieut. -
Col. Thomas Bailey Heath Sewell, were sons of
the Right Hon. Sir Thos. Sewell by his first wife.
Thomas Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell, son of
the above Lieut. -Col. Thomas Bailey Heath Sewell,
died March 20, 1852, aet. seventy-eight; and was
buried in Harold's Cross Cemetery, near Dublin.
Two daughters, the Duchess de Melfort, and Mrs.
Richards, wife of the Rev. Solomon Richards, still
survive him. (See Burke's Commoners, Supple-
ment, name COLE of Marazion ; and Burke's Die.
of Peerage and Baronetage, 1845, title WEST-
MEATH.) W. R. D. S.
Blue Bell and Blue Anchor (Vol. viii., p. 388.).
Your correspondent 2K9. inquires the origin of
the sign-boards of the "Blue Bell" and the "Blue
Anchor ? " I have always understood that the
sign of the Bell, painted blue, was intended as a
substitute for the little Scotch flower bearing the
name of the blue-bell. I believe it is either the
blue flower of the flax, or that of the wild blue
hyacinth, which in shape much resembles a bell.
It was probably much easier to draw the metallic
figure than the flower, and hence its use by the
primitive village artists. As to the " Blue Anchor,"
the anchor is the well-known symbol of Hope,
and blue her emblematic colour. Hence this
adaptation is less a solecism than that of the bell
for the hyacinth. W. W. E. T.
66. Warwick Square, Belgravia.
Sir Anthony Wingfield : Ashmans (Vol. viii.,
pp. 299. 376.). The portrait of Sir Anthony
Wingfield, " with the hand on the girdle," was, a
few years ago, in the collection of Dawson Turner,
Esq., at Yarmouth. A private etching of it was
made by Mrs. Turner. The original was rescued
from among the Letheringham pictures at Ash-
mans, where they appear to have been sadly neg-
lected.
The late Robert Rede, Esq., whose father,
Thomas Rede, purchased of Sir Edwin Rich,
Bart., in 1805, the manor of Rose Hall and Ash-
mans, erected upon that estate the mansion called
Ashmans. The place is not styled Ashmans Park,
nor does its extent warrant such a designation.
This property, on the death of Mr. Robert
Rede in 1822, passed to the late Rev. Robert
Rede Cooper, who assumed the surname of Rede';
and on his death, without male issue, the estate
devolved upon his four daughters, Louisa Char-
lotte, wife of Francis Fowke, Esq. ; Anne Cooper,
wife of Robert Orford Buckley, Esq.; Mary Anne
Sarah Bransby, wife of Charles Henry Tottenham,
Esq. ; and Miss Madeline ISTaunton Leman Rede.
The property has not been sold. Its most in-
teresting antiquarian feature is the old house
called Rose (or more properly Roos) Hall, which
belonged successively to the Colly, Suckling, Rich,
and finally the Rede, families.
The pictures which remained at Ashmans were
removed from thence within the last year; but
whether any of those from the Letheringham gal-
lery were among them, I know not. S. W. Rix.
Beccles.
Derivation of theWord "Celt" (Vol. viii., pp.344.
651.). Job xix. 24. In the Cologne (Ely) edi-
tion of the Vulgate, 1679, the word is Celt. In
Mareschal's Bible (Ludg. 1525), the word in the
text is Celte, but the marginal note is " al s Certe."
In the Louvain (or Widen's) Bible (Antw., apud
Viduam et Haeredes Joannis Stelsii, 1572, cum
priv.), the word in the text is Certe. This latter
being an authorised edition of the Vulgate, it
seems probable that Celte, or Celt, must have
been an error. R. I. R-
The Religion of the Russians (Vol. viii., p. 582.).
Your correspondent J. S. A. has mentioned
under the above head the worship of " gods," as
he calls their pictures or images, by the Russians.
I am sure he will find no such name or meaning
given to them by the Russians in their writings :
for an account of what they really believe and teach
I would refer him to Mouravieff's History of the
Russian Church; The Catechism of the Russian
Church Translated; Harmony of their Doctrine
with that of the English Church ; all translated by
Mr. Blackmore, late Chaplain to the Russian Com-
pany.
G. W.
French T?*anslation of the " London Gazette"
(Vol. vi., p. 223.). A correspondent describes a
French edition of the London Gazette, which he
had met with of the date of May 6, 1703; and
considering it as a curiosity, he wishes some reader
would give an account of it. It has occurred to
me to meet with a similar publication, which ap-
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
87
peared twenty years antecedent to the time above
specified. It is entitled La Gazette de Londres,
publiee avec Privilege, depuis le Jeudi 11, jusqriau
Lundi 15, Mai, 1682 (vieux style}, No. 1621. It
gives a very circumstantial detail of the loss of
the "Gloucester" frigate, near the mouth of the
Humber, in the night of Friday, May 5, 1682,
when she was conveying the Duke of York (post-
quam James II.) to Scotland. Sir John Berry,
who commanded the vessel, managed to remove
the duke to another ship ; but the Earl of Rox-
burgh, Lord O'Brien, the Laird of Hopetoun,
Sir Joseph Douglas, Mr. Hyde (Lord Claren-
don's brother), several of the duke's servants, and
about 130 seamen, were lost in the " Gloucester,"
The pilot was either deficient in skill, or obstinate,
and was to be brought to trial.*
With regard to the reason of publishing a French
version of the Gazette, might it not be judged ex-
pedient (as the French was then spoken in every
Court in Europe, and the English language almost
unknown out of the British dominions) to publish
this translation in French for foreign circulation ?
It is to be remarked that the copy I have met
with is styled privileged? D. N.
" Poscimus in vita,'" Sfc. (Vol. ix., p. 19.).
Allow me to correct a double error in this line into
which MR. POTTER has fallen, though he has im-
proved upon the line of BALHOLENSIS. The true
reading of it is
" Poscimus in vitam pauca, nee ista diu."
In vitam (for life) is better Latin than "in vita ;"
and ista is more appropriate than " ilia," in refer-
ence to things spoken unfavourably of.
C. DELAPRYME.
Pickard Family (Vol.ix., p. 10.). The Pickard
family are not from Normandy, but from Piccardy.
Doubtless, many a Le Norman, Le Gascoign, and
Le Piccard settled in this country during the
Plantagenet connexion with those provinces. P. P.
" Man proposes, but God disposes" (Vol. viii.,
pp. 411. 552.). Piers Ploughman's Vision, quoted
by your correspondent MR. THOMAS, proves that
the above saying was used prior to the time of
Thomas^a Kempis ; but in adding that it did not
originate with the author of the De Imitatione,
your correspondent overlooked the view which
attributes that wonderful work to John Gerson, a
Benedictine Monk, between the years 1220 and
1240; and afterwards Abbat of the monastery of
[* It will be remembered that Pepys accompanied
the Duke of York on this excursion to Scotland, and
was fortunately on board his own yacht when the
" Gloucester" was wrecked. His graphic account of
the disaster will be found in the Correspondence at
the end of his Diary. ED.]
St. Stephen. (Vide De Imit. curd Joh. Hrabieta,
1847, Praefat., viii. et seq.)
Can any of your correspondents give other early
quotations from the De Imitatione ? The search
after any such seems to have been much over-
looked in determining the date of that work.
H. P.
Lincoln's Inn.
General Whitelocke (Vol. viii., p. 621.). In
reply to G. L. S., I well remember this unfortu-
nate officer residing at Clifton, near Bristol, up
to about the year 1826 ; but as I then removed
to a distant part of the kingdom, I cannot say
where the rest of his life was spent. Although I
was then but young, the lapse of years has not
effaced from my memory the melancholy gloom of
his countenance. If the information G. L. S. is
seeking should be of importance, I cannot but
think he may obtain it on the traces which have
been given him. To which I may add, that up
to a late period a son of the General, who was
brought up to the church, held a living near Mai-
ton, Yorkshire ; indeed, I believe he still holds it.
D. N.'s information, that General Whitelocke
fixed his residence in Somersetshire, may probably
be correct; but it has occurred to me as just
possible that Clifton was the place pointed to, in-
asmuch as it is a vulgar error, almost universal,
that Bristol (of which Clifton may now be said to
be merely the west end) is in Somersetshire;
whereas the fact is, that the greater part of that
city, and the whole of Clifton, are on the Glouces-
tershire side of the Avon, there the boundary
between the two counties.
I may mention, that in a late number of Taifs
Magazine (?), there was a tale, half fiction and
half fact, but evidently meant to appear the latter,
in which the narrator states that he was in the
ranks in General Whitelocke's army ; and in that
fatal affair, in which he was engaged, the soldiers
found that the flints had been removed from all
the muskets, so as to prevent their returning the
enemy's fire ! And this by order of their General.
Is not this a fresh invention ? If so, it is a cruel
one ! M. H. K.
Non-jurors' Motto (Vol. viii., p. 621.)." Cetera
quis nescit" is from Ovid, Amorum, lib. i., Elegia v.
v. 25. W. J. BERN HARD SMITH.
Temple.
" The Red Cow " Sign, near Marlborough
(Vol. viii., p. 569.). Being informed that Crom-
well's old carriages, with the " Red Cow" on them,
were some years ago to be seen as curiosities at
Manton near Marlborough ; Cromwell being a
descendant of a Williams from Glamorgan, and
the cow being the coat of arms of Cowbridge ; and
the signs of inns in that county being frequently
88
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
named " The Red Cow ;" will any of your readers
oblige with some account of the origin of " The
Red Cow" as a sign ; and what family has now a
claim to such as the family arms ? GLYWYSYDD.
Emblematic Meanings of Precious Stones (Vol.
viii., p. 539.; Vol. ix., p. 37.). To the list of
works on the mystical and occult properties of
precious stones given by_ MR. W. PINKERTON,
allow me to add the following, in which the means
of judging of their commercial value, and their
medicinal properties, are chiefly treated of :
" Le Parfaict loaillier, ov Histoire des Pierreries:
ov sont amplement descrites, leur naissance, juste prix,
moyen de les cognoistre, et se garder des contrefaites,
Facultez medicinales, et proprietez curieuses. Cora-
pose par Anselme Boece de Boot, &c. : Lyon, 1644,
12mo., pp. 788."
WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
Calves'-head Club (Vol. viii., p. 480. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 15.). A correspondent of the Cambridge
Chronicle of Dec. 31 says, that in the churchyard
of Soham, Cambridgeshire, there is "a monster-
tomb surrounded by a lofty iron railing," with the
following inscription in letters of a large size :
ROBERT D'AYE, Esquire, died April, 1770. Also
MARY, Wife of Robert D'Aye, Esquire, Daughter of
William Russell, Esquire, of Fordham Abbey, and
Elizabeth his Wife, who was the only surviving
Daughter of
HENRY CROMWELL,
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Son of
OLIVER CROMWELL,
Protector; died November 5, 1765, aged 73 years."
After stating that in the same tomb lie the
bodies of the daughter of D'Aye, and his wife
(ob. 1779), their grandson (1803), and great-
grandson (1792), the writer adds that there is a
tradition in Soham that, during the lifetime of
Mrs. D'Aye, out of respect to the doings of Oliver
Cromwell, on the anniversary of King Charles's
martyrdom, a calf's head besmeared with blood
was hoisted on a pole in front of the cot of the
husband. P. J. F. GANTILLON.
Burial in an erect Posture (Vol. viii., pp. 5. 59.
233. 630.) ; Eulenspiegel (Vol. vii., p. 357., &c.).
The German rogue Eulenspiegel (or Howleglass,
as Coplande renders it), of whose adventures "N.
& Q." has had several notices, is another example
of upright burial, as the following passage, trans-
lated by Roscoe, shows :
"Howleglass was buried in the year 1350, and his
latter end was almost as odd and as eccentric as his
life. For, as they were lowering him again into the
grave, one of the ropes supporting the feet gave way,
and left the coffin in an upright position, so that
Howleglass was still upon his legs. Those who were
present then said : ' Come, let us leave him as he is,
for as he was like nobody else when he was alive, he is
resolved to be as queer now he is dead.'"
Accordingly, they left Howleglass bolt upright,
as he had fallen ; and placing a stone over his
head, on which was cut the figure of an owl with
a looking-glass under his claws, the device of his
name, they inscribed round it the following lines :
HOWLEGLASS's EPITAPH.
" Here lies HOWLEGLASS, buried low,
His body is in the ground ;
We warn the passenger that so
He move not this stone's bound.
In the year of Our Lord MCCCL."
His tomb, which was remaining thirty years ago,
and may be now, is under a large lime-tree at
Mollen, near Lubeck.
In Roscoe's German Novelists, vol. i. p. 141. et
seq., there are references to several editions in
various languages of the adventures of Thyll
Eulenspiegel. J. R. M., A.M.
Siting the Thumb (Vol. vi., pp. 149. 281. 616.).
The lower orders in Normandy and Bribanny,
and probably in other parts of France, when wish-
ing to express the utmost contempt for a person,
place the front teeth of the upper jaw between
the nail and flesh of the thumb, the nail being
turned inwards : and then, disengaging the thumb
with a sudden jerk, exclaim, " J don't care that
for you," or words of similar import. Is not this
the action alluded to by Shakspeare and other
writers, as " biting the thumb ? "
HONORE DE MAREVILLE.
Guernsey.
Table-turning and Table-talking in Ancient
Times (Vol. ix., p. 39.). I have received from
a correspondent in Berlin the subjoined transla-
tion of an article which was published in the Neue
Preussische Zeitung of January 1 :
" We have been informed that Professor Ranke has
found out a passage in Ammianus Marcellinus by which
it is unquestionably proved that table-turning was
known in the east of the Roman Empire.
" The table-turners of those days were summoned as
sorcerers before the Council, and the passage referred
to appears to have been transcribed from the Protocol.
The whole ceremony (modus movendi hie fuit) is very
precisely described, and is similar to what we have so
often witnessed within the last month ; only that the
table-turners, instead of sitting round the table, danced
round it. The table-oracle likewise answered in verse,
and showed a decided preference for hexameters.
Being asked Who should be the next emperor?' the
table answered ' Theod.' In consequence of this reply,
the government caused a certain Theodorus to be put
to death. Theodosius, however, became emperor.
" The table oracle, in common with other oracles,
had a dangerous equivocal tendency."
JAN. 28. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
89
I learn from my correspondent, that the pas-
sage in Ammianus Marcell'mus, though brought
into notice by Professor Ranke, was discovered by
Professor August at this place (Cheltenham). I
am unable to verify the following reference : see
Ammianus Marcellinus, Eerum Gestarum, lib.xxix.
(p. 177., Bipont. edit.), and Ib. lib. xxxi. (p. 285.)
JOHN T. GRAVES.
Cheltenham.
The Bell Savage (Vol. vii., p. 523.). MR.
JAMES EJDMESTON is correct in rejecting the
modern acceptation of the sign of the well-known
inn on Ludgate Hill, as being La Belle Sauvage.
Its proper name is " The Bell Savage," the bell
being its sign, and Savage the name of its pro-
prietor. But he is wrong in supposing that
" Bell " in this case was the abbreviation of the
name Isabella, and that the inn " was originally
kept by one Isabella Savage." In a deed enrolled
on the Close Roll of 1453, it is described as
" Savage's Ynne, alias Le Belle on the Hope."
The bell, as in many other ancient signs, was
placed within a hoop. (See the Gentleman s Ma-
gazine for November last, p. 487.) N.
Door-head Inscriptions (Vol. viii., p. 652.).
About the year 1825, I remember an old house
known by the whimsical name of " Wise-in-Time,"
at Stoke-Bishop, near Bristol ; over the front door
of which there was the following inscription,
carved on a stone tablet :
" Ut corpus ammo,
Sic Domus corpori."
The house had the reputation of being haunted.
I cannot say whether it is still in existence.
M. H. R.
Over the door of a house in Alnwick, in the
street called Bondgate :
" That which your father
of old hath purchased and left
you to possess, do you dearly
hold to show his worthiness.
M. W. 1714."
CEYREP.
Funeral Customs in the Middle Ages (Vol. vi.,
p. 433.). In answer to your correspondent MR.
PEACOCK, as to whether a monument was usually
erected over the burial-place of the heart, &c. ? it
is mentioned in Miss Strickland's Life of Queen
Mary Stuart, that
" An elegant marble pillar was erected by Mary as
a tribute of her affection, to mark the spot where the
heart of Francis II. was deposited in Orleans Cathe-
dral."
L. B. M.
Greek Epigram (Vol. viii., p. 622.). The epi-
gram, or rather epigrams, desired by your corre-
spondent G. E. FRERE are most probably those
which stand as the twelfth and thirteenth in the
ninth division of the Anthologia Palatina (vol. ii.
p. 61., ed. Tauchnitz). Their subjects are iden-
tical with that quoted by you, which stands as the
eleventh in the same collection. The two best
lines of Epigram XIII. are
" 'Avepa Tty \nr6yviov inrep vdroio
^Hye, TrbSas %p-ii<Tas, o^a
P. J. F. GANTILLON
Macheys "Theory of the Earth" (Vol. viii
pp. 468. 565.).
" Died, on Saturday se'night, at Doughty's Hospi-
tal in this city, Samson Arnold Mackey, aged seventy-
eight years. The deceased was born at Haddiscoe,
and was a natural son of Captain Samson Arnold of
Lowestoft. He has been long known to many of the
scientific persons of Norwich, and was remarkable for
the originality of his views upon the very abstruse sub-
ject of mythological astronomy, in which he exhibited
great sagacity, and maintained his opinions with extra-
ordinary pertinacity. He received but a moderate
education ; was put apprentice to a shoemaker at the
age of eleven, served his time, and for many years after-
wards was in the militia. He did not again settle in
Norwich until 1811, when he hired the attic storey ot
a small house in St. Paul's, where he followed his
business and pursued his favourite studies. About
1822 he published his first part of Mythological Astro-
nomy, and gave lectures to a select few upon the science
in general. In 1825 he published his Theory of the
Earth, and several pamphlets upon the antiquity of the
Hindoos. His room, in which he worked, took his
meals, slept, and gave his lectures, was a strange
exhibition of leather, shoes, wax, victuals, sketches of
sphinxes, zodiacs, planispheres ; together with orreries
of his own making, geological maps and drawings, illus-
trative of the Egyptian and Hindoo Mythologies.
He traced all the geological changes to the different
inclinations of the earth's axis to the plane of its orbit,
and was fully persuaded that about 420,000 years
ago, according to his theory, when the poles of the
earth were last in that position, the geological pheno-
mena now witnessed were produced. From his sin-
gular habits, he was of course looked upon with wonder
by his poor neighbours, and those better informed were
inclined to annoy him as to his religious opinions. He
had a hard struggle of late years to obtain subsistence,
and his kind friend and patron the late Mr. Money-
ment procured for him the asylum in which he died.
He held opinions widely different to most men; but it
must not be forgotten that, humble as he was, his
scientific acquirements gained him private interviews
with the late Duke of Sussex, the Duke of Somerset,
and many learned men in the metropolis."
The above is taken from the Norwich Mercury
of August 12, 1843. TRIVET ALLCOCK.
Norwich.
"Homo Unius Libri" (Vol. viii., p. 569.). D'la-
raeli devotes a chapter, in the second series of his
90
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 222.
Curiosities of Literature, to " The Man of One
Book." He says :
" A predilection for som'e great author, among the
vast number which must transiently occupy our atten-
tion, seems to be the happiest preservative for our
taste .... He who has long been intimate with one
great author will always be found a formidable anta-
gonist The old Latin proverb reminds us of
this fact, Cave ab homine unius libri, Be cautious of the
man of one book."
and he proceeds to remark, that "every great
writer appears to have a predilection for some
favourite author," and illustrates it by examples.
ElBIONNACH.
Muffs worn by Gentlemen (Vol. viii., p. 353.).
In the amusing quarrel between Goldsmith's old
friend and his cousin in St. James's Park, "Cousin
Jeffrey," says Miss, " I knew we should have the
eyes of the Park upon us, with your great wig so
frizzled and yet so beggarly." " I could," adds
Mr. Jeffrey, " have patiently borne a criticism on
all the rest of my equipage ; but I had always a
peculiar veneration for my muff." (Essays, p. 263.,
edit. 1819.) MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
If, as we believe, the first and greatest qualifications
for an editor of Shakspeare be love for his author and
a thorough appreciation of his beauties, Mr. Charles
Knight may well' come forward once more in that
character. And, as he well observes, the fact of his
having laboured for many years in producing a body of
Commentary on Shakspeare, so that he was, out of the
necessity of its plan, compelled not to miss any point,
or slur over any difficulty, renders him not the less
fitted for the preparation of an edition which is intended
to be " The People's Shakspeare." The first volume
of this edition, which he calls The Stratford Shakspeare,
is now before us. It comprises the " Facts connected
with the Life and Writings of Shakspeare," and the
" Notice of Original Editions," and a most valuable
shilling's worth it is. And there can be little doubt
that, if Mr. Knight realises his intentions of suiting the
present work to the wants of the many, by his endea-
vours, without any elaborate criticism, to unravel the
difficulties of a plot, to penetrate the subtlety of a cha-
racter, and to show the principle upon which the artist
worked, the present will be the crowning labour
of his many praiseworthy endeavours to place a good
edition of the works of our great dramatist within the
reach of all
" Who speak the tongue
That Shakspeare spake."
We cannot better show the utility and interest of
The Autograph Miscellany ; a Collection of Autograph
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British Museum, and other sources Public and Private,
than by stating the contents of the first number, which
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I. Queen Elizabeth's Letter to the House of Com-
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FACTORY. 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12
guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases. 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva I/evers, in Gold
Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Sunerior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance. Gold. 27, 23. and 19
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BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument
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92
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[No. 222.
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PHOTOGRAPHY. Reduction
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Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tri-
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New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order
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Celtic Literature, Welsh Dictionaries, ISrcton
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B. QUARITCH,
16. CASTLE STREET, LEICESTER
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1. Zeuss, Grammatica Celtica, 2 vols. 8vo.,
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glott, 21s. [,853.
2. Pughe's Welsh-English Dictionary, 2 vols.
impl. 8vo. (best edition), cloth, 27. 8s. [ 1832.
. 3. Walter's English-Welsh Dictionary, 2 vols.
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panion to Pughe, only 18s.
4. Barzaz-Breiz, Chants de la Bretagne,
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5. Rostrenen.Dictionnaire Francais-Celtioue,
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6. Spurrell's Welsh-English and English-
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7. The Cambro-Briton, 3 vols. 8vo., half-hd.,
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containing: upwards of
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PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR
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MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The
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fusical World.
' A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together
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haracter to any which has hitherto appeared."
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London : GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
Also, lately published,
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" When found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
Jtfo. 223.]
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 4. 1854.
f Price Fourpence.
i Stamped Edition,
CONTENTS.
JToiEs:- Page
Dryden on Shakspeare, by Bolton Corney 95
Party Similes of the Seventeenth Cen-
tury: No. 1. "Foxes and Fire-
"brands." No. 2. " The Trojan Horse " 96
Dutch East India Company. Slavery
in England, by James Graves - - 98
Original Royal Letters to the Grand
Masters of Malta, by Wm. Winthrop 99
iEnareans - - - - - 101
MINOR NOTES: Russia and Turkey
Social Effects of the severe Weather,
Jan. 3 and 4, 1854 Star of Bethlehem
Origin of the Word " Cant " Epi-
gram on Four Lawyers - - 103
'QUERIES :
Contributors to "Knight's Quarterly
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MINOR QHERIFS : John Bunyan
Trajredy by Mary Leapor Repairing
old Prints Arch-priest in the Dio-
cese of Exeter Medal in honour of
the Chevalier de St. George Robert
Bloet Sir J. Wallace and Mr.
Browne Robert Dudley, Earl of
Leicester Abbott Families Author-
hip of a Ballad Elias Petley Ca-
naletto's Views round London A
Monster found at Maidstone Page - 1 04
MINOR QCERIES WITH ANSWERS : _
The Fish " Ruffins " Oiigin of the
Word Etiquette Henri Quatre
" He that complies against his will,"
&c., and " To kick the bucket " St.
Nicholas Cole Abbey - - - 106
"REPLIES :
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Margoliouth - - - - 107
Inscriptions on Bells - - - 109
Arms of Geneva .... 110
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE: Mul-
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ver no
REPLIES TO MTNOR QCERIKS : Passage
of Cicero Major Andrd Catholic
Bible Society Cassiterides Wooden
Tombs and Effigies Tailless Cats
Warville Green Eyes _ Came _
" Epitaphium Lucretiai " Oxford
Commemoration Squib "Imp"
False Spellings from Sound "Good
wine needs no bush " Three Fleurs-
de-I.ys Portrait of Plowden St.
Stephen's Day and Mr. Riley's " Hove-
den" Death Warnings in Ancient
Families _" The Secunde Personne
in the Trinitie " - - - - 111
MISCELLANEOUS :
Notes on Books, fcc. ... 114
Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 115
Kotices to Correspondents - 115
VOL, IX. No. 223.
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IV. M. GUIZOT.
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[No, 223.
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50. MipesdeNugisCurialium.
51. Pilgrimage of Sir R. Guyl-
ford.
Successors, HURST & B
Great Marlborough Street.
In 8vo., 6s. 6c?., bound in cloth, with many
Woodcuts.
A
E LAWS OF THE HE-
BREWS relating to the POOR. By the
BBI MAIMONIDES. Now flrit translated
into English, with an Introduction upon th
Rights and upon the Treatment of the Poor,
the Life of Maimonides, and Notes. By J. W.
PEPPERCORNE, ESQ.
" Deeply learned and of inestimable value."
_ Church of England Quarterly Review.
London : PELHAM RICHARDSON, 23. Corn-
hill i and E. LUMLEY, 126. High Holborn.
COMPLETION OF THE CATHOLIC
HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
By WM. BERNARD MAC CABE, ESQ.
In the Press.
THE THIRD AND LAST VOLUME OF
A CATHOLIC HISTORY OF
\. ENGLAND. Price 18s.
Orders to complete Sets can be addressed to the
Publisher, T. C. NEWBY, 30. Welbeck
Street, Cavendish Square, London.
N.B Only a limited number of Copies of
this Edition will be published. It will he
therefore necessary for intending purchasers
to give their orders as early as possible.
" Carefully compiled from our earliest re-
cords, and purporting to be a literal translation
of the writings of the old Chroniclers, miracles,
visions, &c., from the time of Gildas; richly
illustrated with notes, which throw a clear,
and in many instances a new light on what
would otherwise be difficult and obscure pas-
sages." Thomas Miller, History of the Anglo-
Saxons, p. 88.
Works by the same Author.
BERTHA ; or, The POPE and
the EMPEROR.
THE LAST DAYS OF
O'CONNELL.
A TRUE HISTORY OF THE
HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION.
THE LIFE OF ST. ETHEL-
BERT, KING of the EAST ANGLES.
A GRANDFATHER'S
STORY-B' )OK ; or, TALES and LEGENDS,
by a POOR SCHOLAR.
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1854.
DRYDEN ON SHAKSPERE.
" Dryden may be properly considered as the father of
English criticism, as the writer who first taught us to
determine upon principles the merit of composition,"
Samuel JOHNSON.
No one of the early prose testimonies to the
genius of Shakspere has been more admired than
that which bears the signature of John Dryden.
I must transcribe it, accessible as it is elsewhere,
for the sake of its juxtaposition with a less-known
metrical specimen of the same nature.
" He [Shakspere] was the man who of all modern,
and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most
comprehensive soul. All the images of nature were
still present to him, and he drew them not laboriously,
but luckily : when he describes any thing, you more
than see it, you feel it too. Those who accuse him to
have wanted learning, give him the greater com-
mendation : he was naturally learned ; he needed not
the spectacles of books to read nature ; he looked in-
wards, and found her there. I cannot say he is every
where alike ; were he so, I should do him injury to
compare him with the greatest of mankind. He is
many times flat, insipid ; his comic wit degenerating
into clenches, his serious swelling into bombast. But
he is always great when some great occasion is pre-
sented to him : no man can say he ever had a fit sub-
ject for his wit, and did not then raise himself as high
above the rest of poets,
' Quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi.' "
John DRYDEN, Of dramatich poesie, an essay.
London, 1668. 4to. p. 47.
The metrical specimen shall now take its place.
Though printed somewhat later than the other, it
has a much better chance of being accepted as a
rarity in literature.
Prologue to IULIUS CAESAR.
" In country beauties as we often see
Something that takes in their simplicity,
Yet while they charm they know not they are fair,
And take without their spreading of the snare
Such artless beauty lies in Shakespear's wit ;
'Twas well in spite of him whate'er he writ.
His excellencies came, and were not sought,
His words like casual atoms made a thought ;
Drew up themselves in rank and file, and writ,
He wondering how the devil it were, such wit.
Thus, like the drunken tinker in his play,
He grew a prince, and never knew which way.
He did not know what trope or figure meant,
But to persuade is to be eloquent ;
So in this Ccesar which this day you see,
Tully ne'er spoke as he makes Anthony.
Those then that tax his learning are to blame,
He knew the thing, but did not know the name ;
Great lohnson did that ignorance adore,
And though he envied much, admir'd him more.
The faultless lohnson equally writ well ;
Shakespear made faults but then did more excel.
One close at guard like some old fencer lay,
T'other more open, but he shew'd more play.
In imitation Johnson's wit was shown,
Heaven made his men, but Shakespear made his own.
Wise Johnsons talent in observing lay,
But others' follies still made up his play.
He drew the like in each elaborate line,
But Shakespear like a master did design.
lohnson with skill dissected human kind,
And show'd their faults, that they their faults might
find;
But then, as all anatomists must do,
He to the meanest of mankind did go,
And took from gibbets such as he would show.
Both are so great, that he must boldly dare
Who both of them does judge, and both compare j
If amongst poets one more bold there be,
The man that dare attempt in either way, is he."
Covent Garden drolery, London, 1672. 8 p. 9.
A short historical comment on the above ex-
tracts is all that must be expected. The rest shall
be left to the critical discernment of those persons
who may be attracted by the heading of this Note
Dryden on Shakspere.
When Johnson wrote his preface to Shakspere,
he quoted the first of the above extracts to prove
that the plays were once admired without the aid
of comment. This was written in 1765. In 1769
Garrick placed the same extract at the head of his
collection of undeniable prose-testimonies to the
genius of Shakspere. Johnson afterwards pro-
nounced it to be "a perpetual model of enco-
miastic criticism ; " and Malone quoted it as an
admirable character of Shakspere. Now, admir-
able as it is, I doubt if it can be considered as
expressive of the deliberate opinion of Dryden.
The essayist himself, in his epistolary address to
lord Buckhurst, gives a caution on that point.
He observes, " All I have said is problematical."
In short, the essay Of dramatick poesie is in the
form of a dialogue and a dialogue is "a chace
of wit kept up on both sides."
I proceed to the second extract. Who wrote
the Prologue to Julius Ccesar ? To what master-
hand are we to ascribe this twofold specimen of
psychologic portraiture ? Take up the dramatic
histories of Langbaine a^d Baker ; take up the
Theatrical register of the reverend Charles Burney ;
take up the voluminous Some account of the
reverend John Genest ; examine the mass of com-
mendatory verses in the twenty-one-volume edi-
tions of Shakspere ; examine also the commenda-
tory verses in the nine-volume edition of Ben.
Jonson. Here is the result : Langbaine calls
attention to the prologue in question as an excel-
lent prologue, and Genest repeats what had been
said one hundred and forty years before by
Langbaine. There is not the slightest hint on
its authorship.
96
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
I must therefore leave the stronghold of facts
and advance into the field of conjecture. / ascrib
the prologue to John Dryden.
It appears by the list of plays altered from
Shakspere, as drawn up by Steevens and Reed
that Julius Ctesar had been altered by sir William
D'Avenant and Dryden jointly, and acted at the
Theatre-royal in Drury-lane. It would therefore
seem probable that one of those poets wrote the
prologue on that occasion. Nevertheless, it does
not appear in the works of either poet.
The Works of sir William D'Avenant were
edited by Mr. Herringman, with the sanction oi
lady D'Avenant, in 1673 ; and its exclusion so
far decides the question.
The non-appearance of it in the Poems of
Dryden, as published by Mr. Tonson in 1701, is
no disproof of the claim which I advocate. The
volume contains only twenty prologues and epi-
logues but Dryden wrote twice that number !
I shall now produce some circumstantial evi-
dence in favour of Dryden. It is derived from an
examination of the volume entitled Covent Garden
drolery. This small volume contains twenty-two
prologues or epilogues, and more than fifty songs
all anonymous, but said to be written by the
refinedest wits of the age. We have, 1 . A prologue
and epilogue to the Maiden queen of Dryden
not those "printed in 1668 ; 2. A prologue and
epilogue to the Parson's wedding of Thomas Killi-
grew ; 3. A prologue and epilogue to the Mar-
riage a la mode of Dryden printed with the
play in 1673 ; 4. The prologue to JULIUS CAESAR ;
5. A prologue to the Wit without money of Beau-
mont and Fletcher printed in the Poems of
Dryden, 1701 ; 6. A prologue to the Pilgrim of
Fletcher not that printed in 1700. These pieces
occupy the first twelve pages of the volume. It
cannot be requisite to give any further account of
its contents.
I waive the question of internal evidence ; but
have no misgiving, on that score, as to the opinion
which may henceforth prevail on the validity of
the claim now advanced in favour of Dryden.
Sir Walter Scott observes, with reference to
the essay Of dramatick poesie, " The contrast of
Ben. Jonson and Shakspere is peculiarly and
strikingly felicitous." He could have said no less
whatever he might have said as to its author-
ship had he seen the Prologue to Julius Caesar.
BOLTON CORNET.
PARTY SIMILES OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY !
NO. I. " FOXES AND FIREBRANDS.
TROJAN HORSE."
NO. ii. "THE
(Continued from Vol. viii., p. 488.)
The following works I omitted to mention in
my last Note from want of room. The first
is by that amiable Nimrod, John Bale, Bishop of
Ossory :
" Yet a Course at the Romyshe Foxe, &c. Com-
pyled by Julian Harrison. Zurich. 1543. 4to."
The four following are by William Turner,
M.D., who also wrote under an assumed name :
" The Huntyng of the Romishe Foxe, &c. By
William Wraughton. Basil. 1543."
" The Rescuynge of the Romishe Foxe, &c. Win-
chester. 1545. 8vo."
" The Huntyng of the Romyshe Wolfe- 8vo.
1554 (?)."
" The Huntyng of the Foxe and Wolfe, &c. 8vo."
The next is the most important work, and I
give the title in full :
" The Hunting of the Romish Fox, and the Quench-
ing of Sectarian Firebrands. Being a Specimen of
Popery and Separation. Collected by the Honourable
Sir James Ware, Knight, out of the Memorials of
Eminent Men, both in Church and State: A. B.
Cranmer, A. B. Usher, A. B. Parker, Sir Henry
Sidney, A. B. Abbot, Lord Cecil, A. B. Laud, and
others. And now published for the Public Good. By
Robert Ware, Gent. Dublin. 1683. 12tno. pp. 248."
The work concludes with this paragraph :
" Now he that hath given us all our hearts, give
unto His Majesties subjects of these nations an heart of
unity, to quash division and separation ; of obedience, to
quench the fury of rebellious firebrands : and a heart
of constancy to the Reformed Church of England, the
>etter to expel Popery, and to confound dissention.
Amen."
The last work, with reference to the first simile
of my note, which I shall mention, is that by
Zephaniah Smith, one of the leaders of the En-
glish Antinomians :
" The Doome of Heretiques ; or a Discovery of
Subtle Foxes who wer tyed Tayle to Tayle, and crept
nto the Church to doe Mischiefe, &c. Lond. 1648."*
* The titles of these books remind one of " a merry
isport," which formerly took place in the hall of the
nner Temple. " At the conclusion of the ceremony,
huntsman came into the hall bearing a fox, a purse-
et, and a cat, both bound at the end of a staff, attended
>y nine or ten couples of hounds with the blowing of
uinting-horns. Then were the fox and cat set upon
nd killed by the dogs beneath the fire, to the no small
)leasure of the spectators." One of the masque-names
n this ceremony was " Sir Morgan Mtimchance, of
Much Monkery, in the county of Mad Popery."
In Ane Compendious Sake of Godly and Spiritual
Songs, Edinburgh, 1621, printed from an old copy, are
the following lines, seemingly referring to some such
pageant :
* The Hunter is Christ that hunts in haist,
The Hunds are Peter and Pawle,
The Paip is the Fox, Rome is the Rox
That rubbis us on the gall."
See Hone's Year-Booh, p. 1513.
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
97
With regard to the second simile, see
" The Trojan Horse, or the Presbyterian Govern-
ment Unhowelled. London. 1646. 4to. By Henry
Parker of Lincoln's Inn."
" Comprehension and Toleration Considered, in a
Sermon on Gal. ii. 5. By Dr. South."
" Remarks on a Bill of Comprehension. London.
1684. By Dr. Hickes."
" The New Distemper, or The Dissenters' Usual
Pleas for Comprehension, Toleration, and the Re-
nouncing the Covenant, Considered and Discussed.
Non Quis sed Quid. London. 1680. 12mo. Second
Edition. Pp. 184. (With a figurative frontispiece,
representing the * Ecclesia Anglicana.') "
The first edition was published in 1675. Thomas
Tomkins, Fellow of All Souls' College, was the
author ; but the two editions are anonymous.
As to the Service Book, see the curious work
of George Lightbodie :
" Against the Apple of the Left Eye of Antichrist ;
or The Masse-Booke of Lurking Darknesse ( The
Liturgy*), making Way for the Apple of the Right
Eye of Antichrist, the Compleate Masse-Booke of
Palpable Darknesse. London. 1638. 8vo."
Baylie's Parallel (before referred to) was a
popular work ; it was first printed London, 1641,
in 4to. ; and reprinted 1641, 1642, 1646, 1661.
As to " High Church " and " Low Church," see
an article in the Edinburgh Review for last Oc-
tober, on " Church Parties," and the following
works :
" The True Character of a Churchman, showing the
False Pretences to that Name. By Dr. West." (No
date. 1702?) Answered by Sacheverell in "The
Character of a Low Churchman. 4to. 1702." "Low
Churchmen vindicated from the Charge of being no
The symbolism of the brute creation is copiously
employed in Holy Scripture and in ancient writings, and
furnishes a magazine of arms in all disputes and party
controversies. Thus, the strange sculptures on mise-
reres, &c. are ascribed to contests between the secular
and regular clergy : and thus Dryden, in his polemical
poem of The Hind and the Panther, made these two
animals symbolise respectively the Church of Rome
and the Church of England, while the Independents,
Calvinists, Quakers, Anabaptists, and other sects are
characterised as wolves, bears, boars, foxes all that is
odious and horrible in the brute creation.
" A Jesuit has collected An Alphabetical Catalogue of
the Names of Beasts by which the Fathers characterised
the Heretics. It may be found in Erotemata de mails
ac bonis Lilris, p. 93., 4to., 1653, of Father Raynaud.
This Lst of brutes and insects, among which are a
variety of serpents, is accompanied by the names of the
heretics designated." (See the chapter in D'Israeli's
Curios. Lit. on " Literary Controversy," where many
other instances of this kind of complimentary epithets
are given, especially from the writings of Luther,
Calvin, and Beza.)
Churchmen. London. 1706. 8vo. By John Hand-
cock, D.D., Rector of St. Margaret's, Lothbury."
" Inquiry into the Duty of a Low Churchman.
London. 1711. 8vo." (By James Peirce, a Noncon-
formist divine, largely quoted in The Scourge : where
he is spoken of as " A gentleman of figure, of the most
apostolical moderation, of the most Christian temper,
and is esteemed as the Evangelical Doctor of the Pres-
byterians in this kingdom," &c. P. 342.)
He also wrote :
" The Loyalty, Integrity, and Ingenuity of High
Churchmen and Dissenters, and their respective
Writers, Compared. London. 1719. 8vo."
See also the following periodical, which Lowndes
thus describes :
" The Independent Whig. From Jan. 20, 1719-20,
to Jan. 4, 1721. 53 Numbers. London. Written by
Gordon and Trenchard in order to oppose the High
Church Party; 1732-5, 12mo., 2 vols. ; 1753, 12mo.,
4 vols."
Will some correspondent kindly furnish me
with the date, author's name, &c., of the pam-
phlet entitled Merciful Judgments of High Church
Triumphant on Offending Clergymen and others in
the Reign of Charles J;f *
I omitted Wordsworth's lines in my first note :
" High and Low,
Watchwords of party, on all tongues are rife ;
As if a Church, though sprung from heaven, must
owe
To opposites and fierce extremes her life ;
Not to the golden mean and quiet flow
Of truths, that soften hatred, temper strife."
Wordsworth, and most Anglican writers down
to Dr. Hook, are ever extolling the Golden Mean,
and the moderation of the Church of England. A
fine old writer of the same Church (Dr. Joseph
Beaumont) seems to think that this love of the
Mean can be carried too far :
" And witty too in self-delusion, we
Against highstreined piety can plead,
Gravely pretending that extremity
Is Vice's clime ; that by the Catholick creed
Of all the world it is acknowledged that
The temperate mean is always Virtue's seat. 1
Hence comes the race of mongrel goodness; hence
Faint tepidness usurpeth fervour's name ;
Hence will the earth-born meteor needs commence,
In his gay glaring robes, sydereal flame ;
Hence foolish man, if moderately evil,
Dreams he's a saint because he's not a devil."
Psyche, cant. xxi. 4, 5.
[* We are enabled to give the remainder of the title
and the date: " Together with the Lord Falkland's
Speech in Parliament, 1640, relating to that subject :
London, printed for Ben. Bragg, at the Black Raven
in Paternoster Row. 1710." ED.]
98
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
Cf. Bishop Taylor's Life of Christ, part i.
sect. v. 9. JARLTZBERG.
' Nov. 28, 1853.
P.S. Not having the fear of Sir Roger Twisden
or MR. THOMAS COLLIS before my eyes, I ad-
visedly made what the latter gentleman is pleased
to term a "loose statement" (Vol. viii., p. 631.),
when I spoke of the Church of England separating
from Rome. As to the Romanists " conforming "
for the first twelve (or as some have it nineteen)
years of Elizabeth's reign, the less said about that
the better for both parties, and especially for the
dominant party.*
MR. COLLIS'S dogmatic assertions, that the Ro-
man Catholics " conformed " for the twelve years,
and that Popes Paul IV. and Pius IV. offered to
confirm the Book of Common Prayer if ^Elizabeth
would acknowledge the papal supremacy, are evi-
dently borrowed, word for word, from Dr. Words-
worth's f Tkeophilus Anglicanus, cap. vii. p. 219. A
careful examination of the evidence adduced in
support of the latter assertion, shows it to be of
the most flimsy description, and refers it to its
* See the authorities given by Mr. Palmer, Church
of Christ, 3rd ed., Lond. 1842, pp. 347^349. ; and
Mr. Percival On the Roman Schism : see also Tierney's
Dodd, vols. ii. and iii.
A full and impartial history of the " conformity " of
Roman Catholics and Puritans during the penal laws
is much wanting, especially of the former during the
first twelve years of Elizabeth. With the Editor's per-
mission I shall probably send in a few notes on the
latter subject, with a list of the works for and against
outward conformity, which was published during that
period. (See Bp. Earle's character of " A Church
Papist," Microcosmography, Bliss's edition, p. 29.)
f It is painful to see party spirit lead aside so
learned and estimable a man as Dr. Wordsworth, and
induce him to convert a ridiculous report into a grave
and indisputable matter of fact. The more we know,
the greater is our reverence for accuracy, truthfulness,
and candour ; and the older we grow in years and
wisdom, the more we estimate that glorious motto
Audi alteram partem.
What are our ordinary histories of the Reformation
from Burnet to Cobbett but so many caricatures ?
Would that there were more Maitlands in the English
Church, and more Pascals and Pugins in the Roman !
Let me take this occasion to recommend to the
particular attention of all teandid inquirers a little
brochure, by the noble-minded writer last named, en-
titled An Earnest Address on the Establishment of the
Hierarchy, by A. Welby Pugin : Lond. Dolman, 1851.
And let me here inquire whether this lamented writer
completed his New View of an Old Subject; or, the
English Schism impartially Considered, which he adver-
tised as in preparation ?
I should mention, perhaps, that Sir Roger Twisden's
book was reprinted in 1847 : I have, however, met
with the original edition only.
true basis, viz. hearsay : the reasoning and infer-
ences which prop the evidence are equally flimsy.
Fuller, speaking of this report, says that it
originated with " some who love to feign what
they cannot find, that they may never appear to
be at a loss." (Ch. Hist., b. ix. 69.)
As the question at issue is one of great his-
torical importance, I am prepared, if called on, to
give a summary of the case in all its bearings;
for the present I content myself with giving the
following references :
" Sir Roger Twisden's Historical Vindication of the
Church of England in point of Schism, as it stands
separated from the Roman. Lond. 1675." P. 175.
"Bp. Andrewes' Tortura Torti. Lond. 1609."
P. 142.
" Parallel Torti et Tortoris." P. 241.
" Abp. Bramhall ag. Bp. Chal." Ch. ii. (vol. ii.
p. 85., Oxf.ed.)
" Sir E. Cook's Speech and Charge at- Norwich
Assizes. 1607."
" Babington upon Numbers. Lond. 1615." Ch.vii.
2. p. 35.
'' Servi Fidelis subdito inndeli Responsis, apud
Johannem Dayum. Lond. 1573." (In reply to
Saunders' De Visibili Monarchia.}
" Camd. Annal. an. 1560. Lond. 1639." Pt. I.
pp. 47. 49.
(See also Heylin, 303.; Burnet, ii. 387.;
Strype, Annal. ch. xix. ; Tierney's Dodd, ii. 147.)
The letter which the pontiff did address to
Elizabeth is given in Fuller, ix. 68., and Dodd,
ii. app. xlvii. p. cccxxi.
N. B. In the P. S. to my last note, " N. & Q.,"
Vol. viii., p. 156., was a misprint for Vol. v.
DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY. SLAVERY IN
ENGLAND.
Having come across an old Daily Post of Thurs-
day, August 4, 1720, I send you the following
cuttings from it, which perhaps you may think
worth insertion :
" Hague, August 9.
" It was on the 5th that the first of our East-India
ships appear'd off of the Texel, four of the ships came
to an anchor that evening, nine others kept out at sea
till day-light, and came up with the flood the next
morning, and four more came in this afternoon ; but
as they belong to the Chambers of Zealand, and other
towns, its thought they will stand away for the Maese.
This fleet is very rich, and including the single ship
which arriv'd about a fortnight since, and one still ex-
pected, are valued at near seven millions of guilders
prime cost in the Indies, not reckoning the freight or
value at the sale, which may be suppos'd to make
treble that sum."
" We have an account from Flanders, that two ships
more are come in to Ostend for the new East India
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
99
Company there; it is said, these ships touch no where
after they quit the coast of Malabar till they come
upon the coast of Guinea, where they put in for fresh
water ; and as for those which come from China, they
water on the bank of the Island of Ceylon, and again
on the east shore of Madagascar; but that none of
them touch either at the Cape de bon Esperance, or
at St. Helena, not caring to venture falling into the
hands of any of the Dutch or other nations trading to
the east. These ships they say are exceedingly rich,
and the captains confirm the account of the treaty
which one of their former captains made with the
Great Mogul, for the settling a factory on his do-
minions, and that with very advantageous conditions ;
what the particulars may be we yet know not."
" Went away the 22d of July last, from the house
of William Webb in Limehouse Hole, a negro man,
about twenty years old, call'd Dick, yellow complec-
tion, wool hair, about five foot six inches high, having
on his right breast the word HARE burnt. Whoever
brings him to the said Mr. Webb's shall have half a
guinea reward, and reasonable charges."
JAMES GRAVES.
Kilkenny.
ORIGINAL ROYAL LETTERS TO THE GRAND MASTERS
OF MALTA.
(Continued from Vol. viii., p. 558.)
I arn now enabled to forward, according to my
promise, literal translations, so far as they could
be made, of three more letters, which were
written in the Latin language, and addressed by
Henry VIII. to the Grand Masters of Malta. The
first two were directed to Philip de Villiers L'Isle
Adam, and the last to his successor Pierino Du-
pont, an Italian knight, who, from his very ad-
vanced age, and consequent infirmity, was little
disposed to accept of the high dignity which his
brethren of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem
had unanimously conferred upon him. The life
of Dupont was spared "long enough," not only for
him to take an active part in the expedition which
Charles V. sent against Tunis at his suggestion,
to reinstate Muley Hassan on the throne of that
kingdom, but also to see his knights return to the
convent covered with glory, and galleys laden
with plunder.
No. IV. Fol. 6th.
Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and
France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of
Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ,
Dominus F. de Villiers L'Isle Adam, our most
dear friend - Greeting :
For a long period of time, Master Peter Vanes, of
Luca, has been serving as private secretary ; and
as^we have always found his service loving and
faithful, we not only love him from our heart,
and hold him dear, but we are also extremely de-
sirous of his interest and advancement. As he
has declared to us that his most ardent wish is by
our influence and favour to be in some way in-
vested with honour in his own country, we have
most willingly promised to do for him in this mat-
ter whatever lay in our power ; and we trust that
from the good offices which your most worthy
Reverence has always received from us, this our
desire with regard to promoting the aforesaid
Master Peter will be furthered, and the more
readily on this account, because what we beg for
may be granted without injury to any one. Since,
then, a certain Dominus Livius, concerning whom
your Reverend Lordship will be more fully in-
formed by our same Secretary, is in possession of
a Priory 'in the Collegiate Church of SS. John
and Riparata in the city of Luca, we most earnestly
desire that the said Livius, through your Reverend
Lordship's intercession, may resign the said Priory
and Collegiate Church to our said Latin Secretary,
on this condition, however, that your Reverend
Lordship, as a special favour to us, will provide
the said Dominus Livius with a Commandery of
equal or of greater value. We therefore most
earnestly entreat that you will have a care of this
matter, so that we may obtain the object of our
wishes ; and we shall be greatly indebted to your
Reverend Lordship, to whom, when occasion offers,
we will make a return for the twofold favour, in a
matter of like or of greater moment.
May all happiness attend you.
From our palace of Greenwich,
13th day of January, 1526,
Your good friend,
HENRY REX.
No. V. Fol. 9th.
Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and
France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of
Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ,
Dominus F. de Villiers L'Isle Adam, our most
dear friend Greeting :
Although, by many proofs, we have often before
been convinced that your Reverend Lordship,
and your venerable Brethren, after the loss of
Rhodes, have had nothing more to heart than that
by your actions you might deserve most highly of
the Christian republic, and that you might some-
times give proof of this by your deeds, that you
have zealously sought for some convenient spot
where you might at length fix your abode ; never-
theless, what we have lately learnt from the let-
ters of your Reverend Lordship, and from the
conversation and prudent discourse of your vener-
able Brother De Dentirville has caused us the
greatest joy ; and although, with regard to the
recovery of Rhodes, complete success has not an-
sw^ered your intentions, nevertheless we think that
this your Order of Jerusalem has always wished
to seek after whatever it has judged might in any
100
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
manner tend to the propagation of the Catholic
Faith and the tranquillity of the Christian Re-
public. But that his Imperial Majesty has granted
to your Order the island of Malta, Gozo, and
Tripoli, we cannot but rejoice ; places which, as we
hear, are most strongly fortified by nature, and
most excellently adapted for repelling the attacks
of the Infidels, should have now come into your
hands, where your Order can assemble in all
safety, recover its strength, and settle and con-
firm its position.* And we wish to convince you
* H. M. Henry VIII. was certainly labouring under
an error, when supposing that the islands of Malta and
Gozo " were strongly fortified by nature, and excel-
lently adapted for repelling the attacks of the infidels ;"
as in truth nature had done nothing for their defence,
unless it be in furnishing an abundance of soft stone
with its yellow tinge, of which all their fortifications
are built.
When L'Isle Adam landed at Malta in October,
1530, it was with the rank of a monarch ; and when,
in company with the authorities of the island, "he
appeared before its capital, and swore to protect its
inhabitants, the gates of the old city were opened, and
he was admitted with the knights ; the Maltese de-
claring to them their fealty, without prejudice to the
interests of Charles V., to whom they had heretofore
been subject." Never, since the establishment of the
Order, had the affairs of the Hospitallers appeared
more desperate than at this period. For the loss of
Rhodes, so famed in its history, so prized for its sin-
gular fertility, and rich and varied fruits ; an island
which, as De Lamartine so beautifully expressed it,
appeared to rise "like a bouquet of verdure out of the
bosom of the sea," with its groves of orange trees, its
sycamores and palms ; what had L'Isle Adam received
in return, but an arid African rock, without palaces or
dwellings, without fortifications or inland streams, and
which, were it not for its harbours, would have been
as difficult to hold as it would have been unworthy of
his acceptance. (Vertot.)
A person who has never been at Malta can, by read-
ing its history, hardly picture to himself the change
which the island underwent for the better, under the
long and happy rule of the Order of St. John. Look
whither one will, at this day, he sees some of the most
perfect fortresses in the world, fortifications which it
took millions of money to erect ; and two hundred and
fifty years of continual toil and labour, before the work
on them was finished. As a ship of war now enters
the great harbour, she passe^ immediately under the
splendid castles of St. Elmo, Ricasoli, and St. Angelo.
Going to her anchorage, she "comes to" under some
one of the extensive fortifications of the Borgo, La
Sangle, Burmola, Cotonera, and La Valetta. In all
directions, and at all times, she is entirely commanded
by a line of walls, which are bristling with cannon
above her. Should the more humble merchantman be
entering the small port of Marsamuscetto, to perform
her quarantine, she also is sailing under St. Elmo and
Florianna on the one side, and forts Tigne and Manoel
on the other ; from the cannon of which there is no
that fresh increase is daily made to the affection
with which we have always cherished this Order
of Jerusalem, inasmuch as we perceive that your
actions have been directed to a good and upright
end, both because these undertakings of your
Reverend Lordship, and of your venerable Bre-
thren, are approved by us as highly beneficial and
profitable ; and because we trust that your favour
and protection will ever be ready to assist our
nation, if there be any need ; nor shall we on our
part be ever wanting in any friendly office which
we can perform towards preserving and protect-
ing your Order, as your Reverend Lordship will
gather more at length of our well affected mind
towards you from Dominus Dentirville, the bearer
of these presents.
May all happiness attend you.
From our Palace at Hampton Court,
The 22nd day of November, 1530.
Your good friend,
HENRY REX^
No. VI.
Henry by the Grace of God, King of England and
France, Defender of the Faith, and Lord of
Ireland, to our Reverend Father in Christ,.
Don Pierino de Ponte, Grand Master of Jeru-
salem, t-
Our most dear friend Greeting :
We had conceived so great a hope and opinion
of the probity, integrity, and prudence of your
predecessor, that, from his care and vigilance, we
securely trusted that the business and affairs of
this your Order, which hitherto has always wont
to be of no slight assistance to our most Holy
Faith, and to the Christian name, would as far
as was needful have been amended and settled
most quietly and effectually with God and his
Holy Religion. From the love then and affection
which we have hitherto shown in no ordinary
manner to your Order, for the sake of the pro-
pagation of the Christian Faith, we were not a
little grieved at the death of your predecessor,
because we very much feared that serious loss
would in consequence be entailed on that Religion.
But since, both from your letters and from the
discourse of others, we now hear that your vener-
able Brethren agreed by their unanimous voice
and consent to choose your Reverence as the
escape. But besides these numerous fortifications, the
whole coast of the island is protected by forts and bat-
teries, towers and redoubts. We name those of the
Red Tower, the Melleha, St. Paul, St. Julien, Marsa
Sirocco, and St. Thomas ; only to show how thoroughly
the knights had guarded their convent, and how totally
different the protection of the Maltese was under their
rule, from what it was when they first landed ; and
found them with their inconsiderable fort, with one
cannon and two falconets, which, as Boisgelin has men-
tioned, was their only defence.
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
101
person to whom the care and government of so
weighty an office should be intrusted, considering
this dignity to be especially worthy of you and
your spirit of Religion, we cannot but sincerely
be glad ; and rejoice especially if, by your eminent
virtues, it shall be effected that only such matters
shall be undertaken, and presided over by the
strength and counsels of the Order of Jerusalem,
as are most in accordance with the True Religion
of Christ our Redeemer, and best adapted to the
propagation of his doctrine and Faith. And if
you shall seriously apply your mind to this, as
you are especially bound to, we shall by no means
repent of the favours which we have bestowed
neither seldom nor secretly upon this your Order,
nay rather this object shall be attained that you
shall have no reason to think that you have been
foiled in that your confidence, and in our protec-
tion and the guardianship which we extend over
your concerns through reverence for the Almighty
God. And we shall not find that this guardian-
ship and protection of your Order, assumed by us,
has been borne for so long a period by us without
any fruit.
Those things which the Reverend Prior of our
Kingdom, and the person who brought your Re-
verend Lordship's letter to us, have listened to
with attention and kindness, and returned an
answer to, as we doubt not will ba intimated by
them to your Reverend Lordship.
May all happiness attend you.
From our Palace at Westminster,
The 17th day of November, 1534.
HENRY REX.
From the date and superscription of the above
truly Catholic letter, it will be seen that it was
written about the" period of the Reformation in
England, and addressed to the Grand Master of an
Order, which for four centuries had been at all
times engaged in Paynim war ; and won for itself
among the Catholic powers of Europe, by its many
noble and daring achievements, the style and title
of being the "bulwark of the Christian faith."
Bound as the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
were in all ages to pay a perfect obedience to the
Roman Pontiffs, it is not surprising that this should
be the last letter which we have found filed away
in the archives of their Order, bearing the auto-
graph of Henry VIII. WILLIAM WINTHROP.
La Valetta, Malta.
ENAREANS.
When Psammeticus turned back the conquering
Scythians from their contemplated invasion of
Egypt, some stragglers of the rear-guard plun-
dered the temple of Venus Urania at Ascalon.
The goddess punished this sacrilege by inflicting
on the Scythian nation the "female disease."
Herodotus, from whom we learn this, says :
" The Scythians themselves confess that their coun-
trymen suffer this malady in consequence of the above
crime ; their condition also may be seen by those who
visit Scythia, where they are called Enareae." Beloe's
Translation, vol. i. p. 112., ed. 8vo.
And again, vol. ii. p. 261., Hippocrates says :
" There are likewise among the Scythians, persons
who come into the world as eunuchs, and do all the
work of women; they are called Enarasans, or wo-
manish," &c.
It would occupy too much space to detail here all
the speculations to which this passage has given
rise ; sufficient for us be the fact, that in Scythia
there were men who dressed as, and associated
with, the women ; that they were considered as
victims of an offended female deity ; and yet,
strange contradiction ! they were revered as
prophets or diviners, and even acquired wealth by
their predictions, &c. (See Universal History^
xx. p. 15., ed. 8vo.)
The curse still hangs over the descendants of
the Scythians. Reineggo found the " female dis-
ease " among the Nogay Tatars, who call persons
so afflicted " Choss." In 1797-8, Count Potocki
saw one of them. The Turks apply the same
term to men wanting a beard. (See Klaproth's
Georgia and Caucasus, p. 160., ed. 4to.) From
the Turkish use of the word " choss," we may infer
that Enareans existed in the cradle of their race,
and that the meaning only had suffered a slight
modification on their descent from the Altai. De
Pauw, in his Recherches sur les Americains, without
quoting any authority, says there are men in Mo-
gulistan, who dress as women, but are obliged to
wear a man's turban.
It must be interesting to the ethnologist to
find this curse extending into the New World,
and actually now existing amongst Dr. Latham's
American Mongolia 1 . It would be doubly in-
teresting could we trace its course from ancient
Scythia to the Atlantic coast. In this attempt,
however, we have not been successful, a few
isolated facts only presenting themselves as pro-
bably descending from the same source. The re-
lations of travellers in Eastern Asia offer nothing
of the sort among the Tungusi, Yakuti, &c. The
two Mahometans (A.D. 833, thereabout), speaking
of Chinese depravity, assert that it is somehow
connected with the worship of their idols, &c.
(Harris 1 Collection, p. 443., ed. fol.) Sauer men-
tions boys dressed as females, and performing all
the domestic duties in common with the women,
among the Kodiaks ; and crossing to the American
coast, found the same practised by the inhabitants
of Oonalashka (ed. 4to., pp. 160. 176.). More
accurate observation might probably detect its
existence amongst intermediate tribes, but want
102
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
of information obliges us here to jump at once
over the whole range of the Rocky Mountains,
and then we find Enareanism (if I may so term it)
extending from Canada to Florida inclusive, and
thence at intervals to the Straits of Magellan.
Most of the earlier visitors to America have
noticed the numerous hermaphrodites everywhere
met with. De Pauw (who, I believe, never was
in America) devotes a whole chapter to the sub-
ject in his Recherches sur les Americains, in which
he talks a great deal of nonsense. It assisted
his hypothesis, that everything American, in the
animal and vegetable kingdoms, was inferior to
their synonymes in the Old World.
The calm and more philosophical observation of
subsequent travellers, however, soon discovered
that the so-called hermaphrodites were men in
female attire, associating with the women, and
partaking of all their labours and occupations.
Pere Hennepin had already mentioned the cir-
cumstance (Amstel. ed. in 12mo., p. 219.), but
he seems to have had no idea of the practice being
in any way connected with religion. Charlevoix
went a step farther, for speaking of those he met
with among the Illinois, he says :
" On a pretendu que cet usage venait de je ne sals
quel principe de la religion, mais cette religion avait,
comme bien d'autres, prit sa naissance dans la corruption
du cceur," &c.
Here he stopped, not caring to inform himself as
to the real origin of the usage. Lafitau says these
so-called hermaphrodites were numerous in Loui-
siana, Florida, Yucatan, and amongst the Sioux,
Illinois, &c. ; and goes on,
" II y a de jeunes gens qui prennent 1'habit de femme
qu'ils gardent toute leur vie, et qui se croyent ho-
norez de s'abaisser a toutes leurs occupations ; ils ne
se marient jatnais, ils assistent a tous les exercises ou
la religion semble avoir part, et cette profession de vie
extraordinaire les fait passer pour des gens d'un ordre
superieur et au-dessus du commun des homines," &c.
Are not these, he asks, the same people as those
Asiatic worshippers of Cybele ? or those who, ac-
cording to Julius Firmicus, consecrated them-
selves, the one to the Phrygian goddess, the others
to Venus Urania? priests who dressed as women,
&c. (See Moeurs des Sauvages americains } vol. i.
p. 52., ed. 4to., Paris, 1724.) He farther tells us
that Vasco Nunez de Baltfao met many of them,
and in the fury of his religious zeal had them torn
to pieces by dogs. Was this in DarSen ? I be-
lieve neither Heckewelder, Adair, Golden, nor
J. Dunn Hunter, mention this subject, though
they must all have been aware of the existence of
Enareans in some one or more of the tribes with
which they were acquainted ; and I do not re-
member having ever met with mention of them
among the Indian nations of New England, and
Tanner testifies to their existence amongst the
Chepewa and Ottawa nations, by whom they are
called A-go-kwa. Catlin met with them among
the Sioux, and gives a sketch of a dance in honour
of the I-coo-coo, as they call them. Southey
speaks of them among the Guayacuru under the
name of " Cudinas," and so does Von Martius.
Captain Fitzroy, quoting the Jesuit Falkner, says
the Patagonian wizards (query priests) are dressed
in female attire : they are chosen for the office
when young, preference being given to boys
evincing a feminine disposition.
Lafitau's conjecture as to the connexion between
these American Enareans and the worshippers of
Venus Urania, seems to receive some confirmation
from our next evidence, viz. in Major Long's
Expedition to St. Peter's River, some of these
people were met with, and inquiry being made
concerning them, it was ascertained that
" The Indians believe the moon is the residence of a
hostile female deity, and should she appear to them in
their dreams, it is an injunction to become Cina?di,
and they immediately assume feminine attire." Vol. i.
| p. 216.
i Farther it is stated, that two of these people whom
j they found among the Sauks, though generally
held in contemp^, were pitied by many
" As labouring under an unfortunate destiny that
they cannot avoid, being supposed to be impelled to
this course by a vision from the female spirit that
resides in the moon," &c. Vol. i. p. 227.
Venus Urania is placed among the Scythian
deities by Herodotus, under the name " Artim-
pasa." We are, for obvious reasons, at liberty to
conjecture that the adoption of her worship, and
the development of " the female disease," may
have been contemporaneous, or nearly so. It
were needless entering on a long story to show the
connexion between Venus and the moon, which
was styled Urania, Juno, Jana, Diana, Venus, &c.
Should it be conceded that the American Mon-
golidce brought with them this curse of Scythia,
the date of their emigration will be approximated,
since it must have taken place subsequently to
the affair of Ascalon, or between 400 or 500
years B.C.
The adoption of female attire by the priesthood,
however, was not confined to the worshippers of
Venus Urania ; it was widely spread throughout
Heathendom; so widely that, as we learn from
Tacitus, the priests of the Naharvali (in modern
Denmark) officiated in the dress of women. Like
many other heathenish customs and costumes,
traces of this have descended to our own times ;
such, for example, may have been the exchange
of dresses on New Year's Eve, &c. : see Drake's
Shakspeare and his Times, vol. i. p. 124., ed. 4to.
And what else is the effeminate costume of the
clergy in many parts of Europe, the girded
waist, and the petticoat-like cassock, but a re-
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
103
lique of the ancient priestly predilection for female
attire ? A. C. M.
Russia and Turkey. The following paragraph
from an old newspaper reads with a strange signi-
ficance at the present time :
" The last advices from Leghorn describe the genius
of discord still prevailing in the unfortunate city of
Constantinople, the people clamouring against their
rulers, and the janissaries ripe for insurrection, in con-
sequence of the backwardness of the Porte to commence
hostilities with Russia." English Chronicle, or Uni-
versal Evening Post, February 6th to 8th, 1783.
J. LOCKE.
Social Effects of the severe Weather, Jan. 3
and 4, 1854. The daily and local newspapers
have detailed many public incidents of the severe
weather of the commencement of 1854: such as
snow ten yards deep ; roads blocked up ; mails
delayed ; the streets of the metropolis, for a time,
impassible ; omnibuses with four horses ; Hansom
cabs driven tandem, &c. The effects of the storms
of snow, socially, were not the least curious. In
the neighbourhood of Manchester seventy persons
were expected at an evening party, one only
arrived. At another house one hundred guests
were expected, nine only arrived. Many other
readers of your valuable paper have, no doubt,
made similar notes, and will probably forward
them. ROBEET RAWLINSON.
Star of Bethlehem. Lord Nugent, in his Lands,
Classical and Sacred, vol. ii. p. 18., says :
" The spot shown as the place of the Nativity, and
that of the manger, both of which are in a crypt or
subterraneous chapel under the church of St. Katherine,
are in the hands of the Roman Catholicks. The former
is marked by this simple inscription on a silver star
set in the pavement :
' Hie de Virgine Maria Jesus Christus natus est.'"
The Emperor of the French, as representative
of the Latin Church, first raised the question of
the sacred places, now likely to involve the Pent-
archy of Europe in a quasi civil war, by attempt-
ing, through the authority of the Sultan of Turkey,
to restore the above inscription, which had been
defaced, as is supposed, by the Greek Christians ;
and thereby encountering the opposition of the
Emperor of the Russias, who claims to represent
the Eastern Church. T. J. BUCKTON.
Birmingham.
Origin of the Word " Cant" From the Mer-
curius Publicus of Feb. 28, 1661, Edinburgh :
" Mr, Alexander Cant, son to Mr. Andrew Cant
(who in his discourse De Excommunicate trucidando
maintained that all refusers of the Covenant ought to
be excommunicated, and that all so excommunicated
might lawfully be killed), was lately deposed by the
Synod for divers seditious and impudent passages in
his sermons at several places, as at the pulpit of
Banchry ; ' That whoever would own or make use of
a service-book, king, nobleman, or minister, the curse
of God should be upon him.'
" In his Grace after Meat, he praid for those phana-
ticques and seditious ministers (who are now secured)
in these words, ' The Lord pity and deliver the precious
prisoners who are now suffering for the truth, and close
up the mouths of the Edomites, who are now rejoicing ; '
with several other articles too long to recite."
From these two Cants (Andrew and Alexander)
all seditious praying and preaching in Scotland i
called " Canting." J. B.
Epigram on Four Lawyers. It used to be
said that four lawyers were wont to go down from
Lincoln's Inn and the Temple in one hackney
coach for one shilling. The following epigram
records the economical practice :
" Causidici curru felices quatuor uno
Quoque die repetunt limina nota 'fori.'
Quanta sodalitium prsestabit commoda ! cui non
Contigerint socii cogitur ire pedes."
See Poemata Anglorum Latina, p. 446. Lemma,
" Defendit numerus." Juv. J. W. FARRER.
CONTRIBUTORS TO " KNIGHT* S QUARTERLY
MAGAZINE."
I shall feel exceedingly obliged if you or any of
your correspondents will inform me who were the
writers in Knighfs Quarterly Magazine, bearing
the following fictitious signatures: 1. Marma-
duke Villars ; 2. Davenant Cecil ; 3. Tristram
Merton ; 4. Irvine Montagu ; 5. Gerard Mont-
gomery ; 6. Henry Baldwin ; 7. Joseph Haller ;
S.Peter Ellis; 9. Paterson Aymer ; 10. Eustace
Heron; 11. Edward Haselfoot ; 12. William
Payne ; 13. Archibald Frazer ; 14. Hamilton
Murray; 15. Charles Pendragon ; 16. Lewis
Willoughby ; 17. John Tell ; 18. Edmund Bruce ;
19. Reginald Holyoake ; 20. Richard Mills; 21.
Oliver Medley ; 22. Peregrine Courtenay ; 23.
Vyvyan Joyeuse ; 24. Martin Lovell ; 25. Martin
Danvers Heaviside.
I fear I have given you so long a list as to deter
you from replying to my inquiry ; but if you can-
not spare time or space to answer me fully, I have
numbered the writers in such a way as that you
may be induced to give the numbers without the
names, except you think that many of your readers
would be glad to have the information given to
them which I ask of you.
Tristram Merton is T. B. Macaulay, who wrote
several sketches and five ballads in the Magazine ;
104
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223,
indeed, it was in it that his fine English ballads
first appeared.
Peregrine Courtenay was the late Winthrop
Mackworth Praed, who was, I believe, its editor.
Henry Nelson Coleridge and John Moultire
were also contributors, but under what signatures
they wrote I cannot tell.
Knight's Quarterly Magazine never extended
beyond three volumes, and it is now a rather
scarce book. Any light you can throw upon this
subject will have an interest for most people, and
will be duly appreciated by E. H.
Leeds.
THE STATIONERS COMPANY AND ALMANACK.
Having recently had occasion to consult the
Lansdown MSS., No. 905., a volume containing
documents formerly belonging to Mr. Umfreville,
I observed the following :
" Ordinances, constitutions, rules, and articles made
by the Court of Star Chamber relating to Printers and
Printing, Jan. 23, anno 28 Eliz."
Appended to these ordinances, &c. is a statement
from which I have made the following extracts :
" Via Januarii, 1583.
" Bookes yeilded into the hands and disposition of
the Master, Wardens, and Assistants of the Mysterie
of the Stationers of London for the releife of y c poore
of y e saide companie according to the discretion of the
Master, Wardens, and Assistants, or the more parte of
them.
" Mr. Barker, her Ma ties printer, hath yeilded unto
the saide disposition and purpose these bookes follow-
ing : viz.
" The first and second volume of Homelies.
" The whole statutes at large, w th y e pamble as they
are now extant.
" The Paraphrases of Erasmus upon y e Epistles and
Gospells appoynted to be readd in Churches.
" Articles of Religion agreed upon 1562 for y a
Ministers.
" The Several Injunctions and Articles to be en-
quired of through y e whole Realme.
" The Profitt and Benefite of the two most vendible
volumes of the New Testament in English, commonlie
called Mr. Cheekes' translation : that is, in the volume
called Octavo, w th Annotaciops as they be now : and
in the volume called Decimo Sexto of the same trans-
lation w th out notes, in the Brevier English letter only.
" Provided that Mr. Barker himselfe print the sayde
Testaments at the lowest value by the direction of the
Master and Wardens of the Company of Stationers for
the tyme being. Provided alwaye that Mr. Barker
do reteyn some small number of these for diverse ser-
vices in her Ma ties Courtes or .... [MS. illegible]
and lastlye that nothing that he yeildeth unto by
meanes aforesaide be preiudiciall to her Ma tles highe
prerogative, or to any that shall succeed in the office
of her Ma tlef printer."
The other printers named are, Mr. Totell, Mr.
Watkins, Mr. John Daye, Mr. Newberye, and
Henrie Denham.
I wish to raise a Query upon the following :
" Mr. Watkins, now Wardein, hath yeilded to the
disposcion and purpose aforesaide this that followeth :
viz.
" The Broad Almanack ; that is to say, the same to
be printed on one syde of a sheete, to be sett on walls
as usuallie it hath ben?."
Query 1. Is this Broad Almanack the original
of the present Stationers' Almanack ?
2. When was this Broad Almanack first issued ?
3. When were sheet almanacks, printed on one
side of a sheet, first published ? B. H. C.
P. S. The books enumerated in this MS.,
under the other printers' names, are some of them
very curious, and others almost unknown at the
present time.
John Bunyan. The following advertisement is
copied from the Mercurius Reformatus of June 11,
1690, vol. ii. No 1 27. :
" Mr. John Bunyan, Author of the Pilgrim's Pro-
gress, and many other excellent Books, that have found
great Acceptance, hath left behind him Ten Manu-
scripts prepared by himself for the Press before his
Death : His Widow is desired to print them (with
some other of his Works, which have been already
printed, but are at present not to be had), which will
make together a Book of 10*. in sheets, in Fol. All
persons who desire so great and good a Work should
be performed with speed, are desired to send in 5s. for
their first Payment to Dorman Newman, at the King's
Arms in the Poultrey, London : Who is empower'd to
give Receipts for the same."
Can any of your readers say whether such a
publication as that which is here proposed ever
took place : that is, a publication of " ten manu-
scripts," of which none had been previously
printed ? S. R. MAITLAND.
Gloucester.
Tragedy ly Mary Leapor. In the second
volume of Poems by Mary Leapor, 8vo., 1751,
there is an unfinished tragedy, begun by the
authoress a short time before her death. Can
you give me the name of this drama (if it has
any), and names of the dramatis personce ? A. Z.
Repairing old Prints, N. J. A. will feel
thankful to any one who will give him directions
for the cleaning and repairing of old prints, or
refer him to any book where he can obtain such
information. He wishes especially to learn how
to detach them from old and worn-out mountings.
N.J.A.
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
105
Arch-priest in the Diocese of Exeter. I am
informed that there is, in the diocese of Exeter, a
dignitary who is called the Arch-priest, and that
he has the privilege of wearing lawn sleeves (that
is of course, properly, of wearing a lawn alb), and
also precedence in all cases next after the Bishop.
Can any of your Devonian readers give addi-
tional particulars of his office or his duties ? They
would be useful and interesting. W. FKASER.
Tor-Mohun.
Medal in honour of the Chevalier de St. George.
It appears that Prince James (styled the Che-
valier de St. George) served in several campaigns
in the Low Countries under the Marquis de Torcy.
On one occasion, when the hostile armies were
encamped on the banks of the Scarpe, medals
were struck, and distributed among the English,
bearing, besides a bust of the prince, an inscription
relating to his bravery on a former occasion. Are
any of these now in existence ? They would pro-
bably be met with in those families whose an-
cestors served under Marlborough. A. S.
Robert Bloet. Can you certify me whether it
is received as an undoubted historical fact that
"Robertas, comes Moritoniensis," William the
Conqueror's uterine brother, was identical with
Robert Bloet, afterwards Chancellor and Bishop
of Lincoln? J. SANSOM.
Sir J. Wallace and Mr. Browne. I inclose an
extract from The English Chronicle or Universal
Evening Post, February 6th to February 8th, 1783.
Can any of your learned correspondents state the
result of the fracas between Mr. Browne and Sir
J. Wallace ?
" Yesterday about one o'clock, Sir J s W e
and Lieutenant B e, accidentally meeting in Par-
liament Street, near the Admiralty Gate, Mr. B e,
the moment he saw Sir J s, took a stick which a
gentleman he was in company with held in his hand,
and, after a few words passing, struck Sir J s, and
gave him a dreadful wound in the forehead ; they closed,
and Sir J s, who had no weapon, made the best de-
fence possible, but being a weaker man than his anta-
gonist, was overpowered. Mr. B e, at parting, told
Sir J s, if he had anything to say to him, he would
be found at the Salopian Coffee House. An account of
this transaction being communicated to Sir Sampson
"Wright, he sent Mr. Bond after Mr. B e, who found
him at the Admiralty, and delivered the magistrate's
compliments, at the same time requesting to see him
in Bow Street. Mr. B e promised to wait upon Sir
Sampson, but afterwards finding that no warrant had
issued, did not think it incumbent on him to comply,
and so went about his avocations.
" Sir J s's situation after the fracas very much
excited the compassion of the populace ; they beheld
that veteran bleeding on the streets, who had so often
gloriously fought the battles of his country! The
above account is as accurate as we could learn j but
should there be any trivial misstatement, we shall be
happy in correcting it, through the means of any of our
readers who were present on the spot.
" Sir James Wallace has not only given signal proofs
of his bravery as a naval officer, but particularly in a
duel with another marine officer, Mr. Perkins, whom,
he fought at Cape Fran 90 is ; each taking hold of the
end of a handkerchief, fired, and although the balls
went through both their bodies, neither of the wounds
proved mortal ! The friars at Cape Francois, with
great humanity, took charge of them till they were
cured of their wounds."
J. LOCKE.
Dublin.
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. I should be
glad if any of your correspondents would refer
me to an authentic account of the death of Robert
Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Queen Elizabeth's
favourite. He is said by some to have been ac-
cidentally poisoned by his wife ; by others pur-
posely, by some of his adherents. This affair,
though clouded in mystery, appears not to have
been particularly inquired into. Likewise let me
ask, on what authority is Stanfield Hall, Norfolk
(the scene of a recent tragedy), described as the
birthplace of Amy Robsart, the unfortunate first
wife of this same nobleman ? A. S.
Abbott Families. Samuel Abbott, of Sudbury,
in the county of Suffolk, gentleman, lived about
1670. Can any of your genealogical contributors
inform me if he was in any way connected with the
family of Archbishop Abbott, or otherwise eluci-
date his parentage ? It may probably be interesting
to persons of the same name to be acquainted that
the pears worn by many of the Abbot family are
merely a corruption of the ancient inkhorns of
the Abbots of Northamptonshire, and impaled in.
Netherheyford churchyard, same county, on the
tomb of Sir Walt. Mauntele, knight, and his wife
Elizabeth, daughter of John Abbot, Esq., 1487,
viz. a chev. between three inkhorns. The resem-
blance between pears and inkhorns doubtless
occasioned the error. I believe the ancient bottles
of Harebottle were similarly corrupted into icicles.
J. T. ABBOTT.
Darlington.
Authorship of a Ballad. ID. the Manchester
Guardian of Jan. 7, the author of a stanza, writ-
ten on the execution of Thos. Syddale, is desired ;
as also the remainder of the ballad. From what
quarter is either of these more likely to be ob-
tained than from "N. & Q. ? "
P. J. F. GANTILLON-.
Elias Petley. What is known of the life or
works of Elias Petley, priest, who dedicated to
Archbishop Laud his translation of the English
Liturgy into Greek. The book was published at
the press of Thomas Cotes, for Richard Whitaker,
106
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
at the King's Arms, St. Paul's churchyard, in
1638. Is it remarkable for rarity or merit ?
J. O. B.
Wicken.
Canaletto's Views round London. Antonio
Canaletto, the painter of Venice, the destruction
of one of whose most powerful works has been of
late the subject of so much agitation, was here
amongst us in this city one hundred years since ;
as seen by his proposal in one of the journals of
1752:
" Signior Canaletto gives notice that he has painted
Chelsea College, Ranelagh House, and the River
Thames ; which, if any gentleman, or others, are pleased
to favour him with seeing the same, he will attend at
his lodgings at Mr. Viggans, in Silver Street, Golden
Square, from fifteen days from this day, July 31, from
8 to 1, and from 3 to 6 at night, each day."
Here is that able artist's offer in his own terms, if,
not his own words.
I have to inquire, are these pictures left here to
the knowledge of your readers ? did he, in short,
find buyers as well as admirers ? or, if not, did he
return to Venice with those (no doubt) vividly
pictured recollections of our localities under his
arm ? GONDOLA.
A Monster found at Maidstone. In Kilburne's
Survey of Kent, 4to. 1659, under " Maidstone," is
the following passage :
" Wat Tiler, that idol of clownes, and famous rebell
in the time of King Richard the Second, was of this
town; and in the year 1206 about this town was a
monster found stricken with lightning, with a head
like an asse, a belly like a man, and all other parts far
different from any known creature, but not approach-
able nigh unto, by reason of the stench thereof."
No mention of this is made by Lambarde in his
Perambulation of Kent. Has this been traditional,
or whence is Kilburne's authority ? And what
explanation can be offered of the account ?
H.W.D.
Page. What is the derivation of this word ?
In the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,
'edited by Dr. W. Smith, 1st edit., p. 679., it is
said to be from the Greek TraiSaywybs, pcedagogus.
But in an edition of Tacitus, with notes by^ Box-
horn (Amsterdam, 1662), ifris curiously identified
with the word boy, and traced to an eastern
source thus : Persian, bagoa; Polish, pokoigo;
Old German, Pagie, Bagh, Bai ; then the Welsh,
lachgen , French, page ; English, boy ; and Greek,
ircus.
Some of your correspondents may be able to
inform me which is correct. B. H. C.
(Sumerf toftfj
The Fish " Ruffins" In Spenser's Faerie
Queene we read (book TV. canto 11.), among the
river guests that attended the nuptials of Thames
and Medway came " Yar, soft washing Norwitch
walls ; " and farther on, that he brought with him
a present of fish for the banquet called ruffins,
"whose like none else could show." Was this
description of fish peculiar to the Tare ? and is
there any record of its having been esteemed a
delicacy in Elizabeth's reign ? A. S.
[This seems to be the fish noticed by Izaak Walton,
called the Ruffe, or Pope, " a fish," says he, " that is
not known in some rivers. He is much like the perch
for his shape, and taken to be better than the perch,
but will grow to be bigger than a gudgeon. He is an
excellent fish, no fish that swims is of a pleasanter taste,
and he is also excellent to enter a young angler, for
he is a greedy biter." In the Faerie Queene, book i.
canto iv., Spenser speaks of
" His ruffin raiment all was stain'd with blood
Which he had spilt, and all to rags yrent."
To these lines Mr. Todd has added a note, which gives
a clue to the meaning of the word. He says, " Mr.
Church here observes, that ruffin is reddish, from the
Latin rufus. I suspect, however, that the poet did
not intend to specify the colour of the dress, but rather
to give a very character istical expression even to the
raiment of Wrath. Ruffin, so spelt, denoted a swash-
buckler, or, as we should say, a butty : see Minsheu's
Guide into Tongues. Besides, I find in My Ladies'
Looking- Glasse, by Barnabe Rich, 4to. 1616, p. 21., a
passage which may serve to strengthen my application
of ruffin, in this sense, to garment: "The yong
woman, that as well in her behaviour, as in the manner
of her apparell, is most ruffian like, is accounted the
most gallant wench." Now, it appears, that the ruff,
or pope, is not only, as Walton says, " a greedy biter,"
but is extremely voracious in its disposition, and will
devour a minnow nearly as big as itself. Its average
length is from six to seven inches.]
Origin of the Word Etiquette. What is the
original meaning of the word etiquette ? and how
did it acquire that secondary meaning which it
bears in English ? S. C. G.
[Etiquette, from the Fr. etiquette, Sp. etiqueta, a
ticket ; delivered not only, as Cotgrave says, for the
benefit and advantage of him that receives it, but also
entitling to place, to rank ; and thus applied to the
ceremonious observance of rank or place ; to ceremony.
Webster adds, " From the original sense of the word,
it may be inferred that it was formerly the custom to
deliver cards containing orders for regulating cere-
monies on public occasions."]
Henri Quatre.^ What was the title of Henry IV.
(of Navarre) to the crown of France ? or in what
way was he related to his predecessor ? If any
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
107
one would be kind enough to answer these he
would greatly oblige W. W. H.
[Our correspondent, will find his Query briefly and
satisfactorily answered by Renault, in his Abrege
de THistoire de France, p. 476. His words are :
"Henri IV. roi de Navarre, ne a Pau, le 13 Decern-
bre, 1553, et ayant droit a la couronne, comme de-
scendant de Robert, Comte de Clermont, qui etoit fils
de St. Louis, et qui avoit epouse 1'heritiere de Bourbon,
y parvient en 1589." The lineal descent of Henri
from this Count Robert may be seen in IS Art de
verifier les Dates, vol. vi. p. 209., in a table entitled
" Genealogie des Valois et des Bourbon ; St. Louis IX.,
Roi de France."]
"He that complies against his will" frc.; and
" To kick the bucket" Oblige T. C. by giving
the correct reading of the familiar couplet, which
he apprehends is loosely quoted when expressed
" Convince a man against his will," &c.
or,
" Persuade a man against his will," &c.
Also by stating the name of the author.
Likewise by giving the origin of the phrase
" To kick the bucket," as applied to the death of
a person.
[The desired quotation is from Butler's Hudibras,
part in. canto iii. 1. 547-8. :
" He that complies against his will,
Is of his own opinion still."
As to the origin of the phrase " To kick the bucket,"
the tradition among the slang fraternity is, that " One
Bolsover having hung himself to a beam while stand-
ing on the bottom of a pail, or bucket, kicked the vessel
away in order to pry into futurity, and it was all UP
with him from that moment Finis ! " Our Querist
will find a very humorous illustration of its use (too
long to quote) in an article on " Anglo- German Dic-
tionaries," contributed by De Quincy to the London
Magazine for April, 1823, p. 442.]
St. Nicholas Cole Abbey. There is a church
in the city of London called St. Nicholas Cole
Abbey : what is the origin of the name or deriva-
tion ? ELLFIN AP GWYDDNO.
[This Query seems to have baffled old Stowe.
He says, " Towards the west end of Knight Rider
Street is the parish church of St. Nicolas Cold Abby,
a comely church, somewhat ancient, as appeareth by
the ways raised thereabout ; so that men are forced to
descend into the body of the church. It hath been
called of many Golden Abby, of some Gold (or Cold)
Bey, and so hath the most ancient writing. But I
coulc! never learn the cause why it should be so called,
and therefore I will let it pass. Perhaps as standing
in a cold place, as Cold Harbour, and such like." For
communications on the much-disputed etymology of
COLD HARBOUK, see " N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 60. ; Vol. ii.,
pp. 159. 340. ; and Vol. vi., p. 455.]
TRENCH ON PROVERBS.
(Vol. viii., pp. 387. 519. 641.)
The courteous spirit which generally distin-
guishes the communications of your correspon-
dents, renders the " N. & Q." the most agreeable
magazine, or, as you have it, " medium of inter-
communication for literary men," &c. I was so
much pleased with the general animus which
characterised the strictures on my proposed
translation of Ps. cxxvii. 2., that I was almost
disposed to cede to my critics, from sheer good-
will towards them. But the elder D'Israeli speaks
of such a thing "as an affair of literary conscience,"
which consideration prescribes my yielding in the
present instance ; but I trust that our motto will
always be, " May our difference of opinion never
alter our inter-communications ! "
I must however, at the outset, qualify an ex-
pression I made use of, which seems to have in-
curred the censure of all your four correspondents
on the subject ; I mean the sentence, " The trans-
lation of the authorised version of that sacred
affirmation is unintelligible." It seems to be per-
fectly intelligible to MESSRS. BUCKTON, JEBB,
WALTER, and S. D. I qualify, therefore, the
assertion. I mean to say, that the translation of
the authorised version of that sacred affirmation
was, and is, considered unintelligible to many in-
telligent biblical critics and expositors ; amongst
whom I may name Luther, Mendelsohn, Heng-
stenberg, Zunz, and many others whose names
will transpire in the sequel.
Having made that concession, I may now pro-
ceed with the replying to my Querists, or rather
Critics. MR. BUCKTON is entitled to my first con-
sideration, not only because you placed him at the
head of the department of that question, but also
because of the peculiar mode in which he treated
the subject. My replies shall be seriatim.
1. Luther was not the first who translated
fcWS? HH^ f JV p " Denn seinen Freunden gibt
er es schlafend." A far greater Hebraist than
Luther, who flourished about two hundred years
before the great German Reformer came into
note, put the same construction on that sacred
affirmation. Rabbi Abraham Hacohen of Zante,
who paraphrased the whole Hebrew Psalter into
modern metrical Hebrew verse (which, according
to a P. S., was completed in 1326), interprets the
sentence in question thus :
spa hx jrv p ^D
: epn xh injD irmn I'JPTO
" For surely God shall give food
To His beloved, and his sleep shall not be withheld
from him."
2. It is more than problematical whether the
eminent translator, Mendelsohn, was influenced by
108
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
Luther's error (?), or by his own superior know-
ledge of the sacred tongue.
3. I do not think that the phrase, " the proper
Jewish notion of gain," was either called for or
relevant to the subject.
4. The reign of James I. was by no means as
distinguished for Hebrew scholarship as were the
immediate previous reigns. Indeed it would ap-
pear that the knowledge of the sacred languages
was at a very low ebb in this country during the
agitating period of the Reformation, so much so
that even the unaccountable Henry VIII. was
forced to exclaim, " Vehementer dolere nostra-
tium Theologorura sortem sanctissime linguae
scientia carentium, et linguarum doctrinam fuisse
intermissam." (Ilody, p. 466.)
When Coverdale made his version of the Bible
he was not only aided by Tindale, but also by
the celebrated Hebrew, of the Hebrews, Emanuel
Tremellius, who was then professor of the sacred
tongue in the University of Cambridge, where
that English Reformer was educated ; and Cover-
dale translated the latter part of Ps. cxxvii. 2. as
follows : " For look, to whom it pleaseth Him, He
giveth it in sleep."
When the translation was revised, during the
reign of James I., the most accomplished Anglo-
Hebraist was, by some caprice of jealousy, forced
to leave this country ; I mean Hugh Broughton.
He communicated many renderings to the re-
visers, some of which they thoughtlessly rejected,
and others, to use Broughton's own phrase, " they
thrust into the margin." A perusal of Brough-
ton's works * gives one an accurate notion of the
proceedings of the revisers of the previous ver-
sions.
* Lightfoot, who edited Broughton's works in 1662,
entitled them as follows : The Works of the great
Albionen Divine, renowned in many Nations for rare
Skill in Salem's and Athens' Tongues, and familiar
acquaintance with all Rabbinical Learning," &c.
Ben Jonson has managed to introduce Broughton
into some of his plays. In his Volpone, when the
" Fox " delivers a medical lecture, to the great amuse-
ment of Politic and Peregrine, the former remarks,
" Is not his language rare ? "
To which the latter replies,
" But Alchemy,
' I never heard the like, or y Broughton's books."
In the Alchemist, " Face " is made thus to speak of a
female companion :
" Y* are very right, Sir, she is a most rare scholar,
And is gone mad with studying Broughton's works ;
If you but name a word touching the Hebrew,
She falls into her fit, and will discourse
So learnedly of genealogies,
As you would run mad too to hear her, Sir."
(See also The History of the Jeivs in Great Britain,
vol. i. pp. 305, &c.)
5. Coverdale's translation is not " ungramma-
tical" as far as the Hebrew language is concerned,
notwithstanding that it was rejected in the reign
of James I. Dfta " bread," is evidently the ac-
cusative noun to the transitive verb jnS " He shall
give." Nor is it " false," for the same noun, Df"6>
" bread," is no doubt the antecedent to which the
word it refers.
6. Mendelsohn does not omit the it in his He-
brew comment ; and I am therefore unwarrantably
charged with supplying it " unauthorisedly." I
should like to see ME. BUCK-TON'S translation of
that comment. If any doubt remained upon MR.
B.'s mind as to the intended meaning of the word
1HJJV used by Mendelsohn, his German version
might have removed such a doubt, as the little word
es, " it," indicates pretty clearly what Mendelsohn
meant by ^njJV. So that, instead of proving Men-
delsohn " at variance with himself," he is proved
most satisfactorily to have been in perfect harmony
with himself.
7. Mendelsohn does not omit the important word
p ; and if MR. B. will refer once more to his copy of
Mendelsohn (we are both using the same edition),
he will find two different interpretations proposed
for, the word p, viz. thus and rightly. I myself
prefer the latter rendering. The word occurs
about twenty times in the Hebrew Bible, and in
the great majority of instances rightly or certainly
is the only correct rendering. Both Mendelsohn
and Zunz omit to translate it in their German
versions, simply because the sentence is more
idiomatic, in the German language, without it
than with it.
8. I perfectly agree with MR. B. " that no
version has yet had so large an amount of learn-
ing bestowed on it as the English one." But
MR. B. will candidly acknowledge that the largest
amount was bestowed on it since the revision of
the authorised version closed. Lowth, Newcombe,
Home, Horsley, Lee, &c. wrote since, and they
boldly called in question many of the renderings
in the authorised version.
Let me not be mistaken ; I do most sincerely
consider our version superior to all others, but it
is not for this reason faultless.
In reply to MR. JEBB'S temperate strictures, I
would most respectively submit
1. That considerable examination leads me to
take just the reverse view to that of Burkius,
that fcOGP cannot be looked upon as antithetical
to surgere, seder e, dolorum. With all my search-
ings I failed to discover an analogous antithesis.
I shall be truly thankful to MR. JEBB for a case
in point. Moreover, Psalms iii. and iv., to which
Dr. French and Mr. Skinner refer, prove to my
mind that not sleep is the gift, but sustenance and
other blessings bestowed upon the Psalmist whilst
asleep. I cannot help observing that due reflec-
tion makes me look upon the expression, " So He
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
109
giveth His beloved sleep," as an extraordinary
anticlimax.
2. MR. JEBB challenges the showing strictly
analogous instances of ellipses. He acknowledges
that there are very numerous ellipses even in the
Songs of Degrees themselves, but they are of a
very different nature. I might fill the whole of
this Number with examples, which the most scru-
pulous critic would be obliged to acknowledge as
being strictly analogous to the passage under re-
view ; but such a thing you would not allow. Two
instances, however, you will not object to ; they
will prove a host for MR. JEBB'S purpose, inas-
much as one has the very word ,tJ> elliptically,
and the other the transitive verb jJV, minus an
accusative noun. Would MESSRS. BUCKTON, JEBB,
WALTER, and S. D. kindly translate, for the bene-
fit of those who are interested in the question, the
following two passages ?
?w antnr
Psalm xc. 5.
imn
rv
Isaiah xli. 2.
The REV. HENRY WALTER will see that some of
his observations have been anticipated and al-
ready replied to. It remains, however, for me to
assure him that I never dreamt that any one would
suppose that I considered NJK> anything else but
a noun, minus the ^ preposition. The reason why
I translated the word " whilst he [the beloved]
is asleep," was because I thought the expression
more idiomatic.
S. D. attempts to prove nothing; I am exempt
therefore from disproving anything as far as he is
concerned.
Before I take leave of this lengthy and some-
what elaborate disquisition, let me give my ex-
planation of the scope of the Psalm in dispute,
which, I venture to imagine, will commend itself,
even to those who differ from me, as the most
natural.
This Psalm, as well as the other thirteen en-
titled "A Song of Degrees," was composed for
the singing on the road by those Israelites who
went up to Jerusalem to keep the three grand
festivals, to beguile their tedious journey, and
also to soothe the dejected spirits of those who
felt disheartened at having left their homes, their
farms, and families without guardians. Ps. cxxvii.
is of a soothing character, composed probably by
Solomon.
In the first two verses God's watchfulness and
care over His beloved are held up to the view of
the pilgrims, who are impressed with the truth
that no one, "by taking thought, can add one
cubit to his stature." The best exposition which
I can give of those two verses I have learned from
our Saviour's u Sermon on the Mount" (Matt. vi.
25-33.). The third and following verses, as well
as the next Psalm, are exegetical or illustrative.
To whom do you attribute the gift of children ?
Is it not admitted on all hands to be " an heritage
of the Lord ?" No one can procure that blessing
by personal anxiety and care : God alone can con-
fer the gift. Well, then, the same God who gives
you the heritage of children will also grant you all
other blessings which are good for you, provided
you act the part of " His beloved," and depend
upon Him without wavering.
The above is a hasty, but I trust an intelligible,
view of the scope of the Psalm.
MOSES MARGOLIOUTH.
Wybunbury, Nantwich.
INSCRIPTIONS Olf BELLS.
(Vol. viii., p. 443.)
The inscription on one of the bells of Great
Milton Church, Oxon. (as given by MR. SIMPSOX
in " N. & Q."), has a better and rhyming form
occasionally.
In Meivod Church, Montgomeryshire, a bell
(the " great " bell, I think) has the inscription
" I to the church the living call,
'And to the grave do summon all."
The same also is found on the great bell of the
interesting church (formerly cathedral) of Llan-
badarn Fawr, Cardiganshire. E. DYER GREEK.
Nantcribba Hall.
I beg to forward the following inscription on
one of the bells in the tower of St. Nicholas
Church, Sidmouth. I have not met with it else-
where ; and you may, perhaps, consider it worthy
of being added to those given by CUTHBERT BEDB
and J. L. SISSON :
* Est michi collatum
Ihc istud nomen amatttm."
There is no date, but the characters may indicate
the commencement of the fifteenth century as the
period when the bell was cast. G. J. R. GORDON.
At Lapley in Staffordshire :
" I will sound and resound to thee, O Lord,
To call thy people to thy word."
G. E. T. S. R. N.
Pray add the following savoury inscriptions to
your next list of bell-mottoes. The first disgraces
the belfry of St. Paul's, Bedford ; the second, that
of St. Mary's, Islington :
" At proper times my voice I'll raise,
And sound to my subscribers' praise 1"
" At proper times our voices we will raise,
In sounding to our benefactors' praise 1"
The similarity between these two inscriptions
favours the supposition that the ancient bell-
no
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
founders, like some modern enterprising firms,
kept a poet on the establishment, e.g.
" Thine incomparable oil, Macassar ! "
J. YEOWELL.
A friend informs me, that on a bell in Durham
Cathedral these lines occur :
" To call the folk to Church in time,
I chime.
When mirth and pleasure's on the wing,
I ring.
And when the body leaves the soul,
I toll."
J. L. S.
AEMS OF GENEVA.
(Vol. viii., p. 563.)
Your correspondent who desires the blazon of
the arms of the " town of Geneva," had better
have specified to which of the two bearings assigned
to that name he refers.
One of these, which I saw on the official seal
affixed to the passport of a friend of mine lately
returned from that place, is an instance of the
obsolete practice of ditnidiation ; and is the more
singular, because only the dexter one of the shields
thus impaled undergoes curtailment.
The correct blazon, I believe, would be: Or,
an eagle double-headed, displayed sable, dimidi-
ated, and impaling gu. a key in pale argent, the
wards in chief, and turned to the sinister; the
shield surmounted with a marquis' coronet.
The blazon of the sinister half I owe to Ed-
mondson, who seems, however, not at all to have
understood the dexter, and gives a clumsy descrip-
tion of it little worth transcribing. He, and the
Dictionnaire de Blazon, assign these arms to the
Republic of Geneva.
The other bearing would, in English, be bla-
zoned, Checquy of nine pieces, or and azure : and
in French, Cinq points d'or, equipolles a quatre
tfazur. This is assigned by Nisbett to the
Seigneurie of Geneva, and is quartered by the
King of Sardinia in token of the claims over the
Genevese town and territory, which, as Duke of
Savoy, he has never resigned.
With regard to the former shield, I may just
remark, that the dimidiate^ coat is merely that of
the German empire. How or why Geneva ob-
tained it, I should be very glad to be informed ;
since it appears to appertain to the present inde-
pendent Republic, and not to the former seignorial
territory.
Let me also add, that the plate in the Diction-
naire gives the field of this half as argent. Mr.
Willement, in his Regal Heraldry, under the arms
of Richard II.'s consort, also thus describes and
represents the imperial field ; and Nisbett alludes
to it as such in one place, though in his formal
blazon he gives it as or.
Nothing, in an heraldic point of view, would be
more interesting than a " Regal Heraldry of Eu-
rope," with a commentary explaining the historical
origin and combinations of the various bearings.
Should this small contribution towards such a
compilation tend to call the attention of any able
antiquary to the general subject, or to elicit
information upon this particular question, the
writer who now offers so insignificant an item
would feel peculiarly gratified. L. C. D.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Multiplying Negatives. In reply to M. N. S.
(Vol. ix., p. 83.) I would suggest the following mode
of multiplying negatives on glass, which I have every
reason to believe would be perfectly successful :
First, varnish the negative to be copied by means of
DR. DIAMOND'S solution of amber in chloroform ; then
attach to each angle, with any convenient varnish, a
small piece of writing-paper. Prepare a similar plate
of glass with collodion, and drain off all superfluous
nitrate of silver, by standing it for a minute or so on
edge upon a piece of blotting-paper. Lay it flat upon
a board, collodio^ side upwards, and the negative pre-
pared above upon it, collodion side downwards. Ex-
pose the whole to daylight for a single second, or to
gas-light for about a minute, and develope as usual.
The result will be a transmitted positive, but with re-
versed sides ; and from this, when varnished and treated
as the original negative, any number of negatives simi-
lar to the first may be produced.
The paper at the angles is to prevent the absolute
contact and consequent injury by the solution of ni-
trate of silver ; and, for the same reason, it is advisable
not to attempt to print until the primary negative is
varnished, as, with all one's care, sometimes the nitrate
will come in contact and produce spots, if the varnish-
ing has been omitted. Should the negative become
moistened, it should be at once washed with a gentle
stream of water and dried.
I have repeatedly performed the operation above
described so far as the production of the positive, and
so perfect is the impression that I see no reason why
the second negative should be at all distinguishable
from the original.
I am, indeed, at present engaged upon a similar
attempt ; but there are several other difficulties in my
way : I, however, entertain no doubts of perfect suc-
cess. GEO. SHADBOLT.
Towgood's Paper. A. B. (Vol. ix., p. 83.) can pur-
chase Towgood's paper of Mr. Sandford, who frequently
advertises in " N. & Q." With regard to his other Query,
I think there can be no doubt of his being at liberty
to publish a photographic copy of a portrait, Mr. Fox
Talbot having reserved only the right to paper copies
of a photographic portrait. Collodion portraits are not
patent, but the paper proofs from collodion negatives
are. GEO. SHADBOLT.
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
Ill
Adulteration of Nitrate of Silver. Will any of your
chemical readers tell me how I am to know if nitrate
of silver is pure, and how to detect the adulteration?
If so with nitrate of potash, how ? One writer on
photography recommends the fused, as then the excess
of nitric acid is got rid of. Another says the fused
nitrate is nearly always adulterated. I fear you have
more querists than respondents. I have looked care-
fully for a reply to some former Queries respecting
Mu. CROOKES'S restoration of old collodion, but at
present they have failed in appearance.
THE READER OF PHOTOGRAPHIC WORKS.
to jHttiflr
Passage of Cicero (Vol. viii., p. 640.). Is the
following what SEMI-TONE wants ?
" Mira est enim quasdam natura vocis ; cujus qui-
dem, e tribus omnino sonis, inflexo, acuto, gravi, tanta sit,
et tarn suavis varietas perfecta in cantibus." Orator,
cap. 17.
B. H. C.
Major Andre (Vol. viii., pp. 174.604.). The late
Mrs. Mills of Norwich (nee Andre) was not the
sister of Major Andre ; she was the only daughter
of Mr. John Andre of Offenbach, near Frankfort
on the Maine, in Germany ; where he established
more than eighty years ago a prosperous concern
as a printer of music, and was moreover an emi-
nent composer : this establishment is now in the
hands of his grandson. Mr. John Andre was not
the brother of the Major, but a second or third
cousin. Mrs. Mills used to say, that she remem-
bered seeing the Major at her father's house as a
visitor, when she was a very small child. He
began his career in London in the commercial
line ; and, after he entered the army, was sent
by the English ministry to Hesse-Cassel to con-
duct to America a corps of Hessian hirelings to
dragoon the revolted Americans into obedience :
it was on this occasion that he paid the above-
mentioned visit to Offenbach.
^ Having frequently read the portion of English
history containing the narrative of the trans-
actions in which Major Andre was so actively
engaged, and for which he suffered, I have often
asked myself whether he was altogether blameless
in that questionable affair. TRIVET ALLCOCK.
Norwich.
P.S. This account was furnished to me by
Mr. E. Mills, husband of the late Mrs. Mills.
Catholic Bible Society (Vol. ix., p. 41.). Be-
sides the account of this society in Bishop Milner's
Supplementary Memoirs of the English Catholics,
many papers on the same will be found in the
volumes of the Orthodox Journal from 1813, when
the Society was formed, to 1819. In this last
volume, p. 9., Bishop Milner wrote a long letter,
containing a comparison of the brief notes in the
stereotyped edition of the above Society with the
notes of Bishop Challoner, from whose hands he
mentions having received a copy of his latest edi-
tion of both Testaments in 1777. It should be
mentioned that most of the papers in the Orthodox
Journal alluded to were written by Bishop Milner
under various signatures, which the present writer,
with all who knew him well, could always recog-
nise. That eminent prelate thus sums up the fate
of the sole publication of the so-called Catholic
Bible Society :
" Its stereotype Testament was proved to
abound in gross errors ; hardly a copy of it could be
sold ; and, in the end, the plates for continuing it have
been of late presented by an illustrious personage, into
whose hands they fell, to one of our prelates [this was
Bishop Collingridge], who will immediately employ
the cart-load of them for a good purpose, as they were
intended to be, by disposing of them to some pewterer,
who will convert them into numerous useful culinary
implements, gas-pipes, and other pipes."
F. C. H.
Cassiterides (Vol. ix., p. 64.). Kassiteros; the
ancient Indian Sanscrit word Kastira. Of the dis-
puted passage in Herodotus respecting the Cas-
siterides, the interpretation* of Rennell, in his
Geographical System of Herodotus ; of Maurice,
in his Indian Antiquities, vol. vi. ; and of Heeren, in
his Historical Researches ; is much more satisfac-
tory than that offered by your correspondent
S. G. C., although supported by the French acade-
micians (Inscript. xxxvi. 66.)
The advocates for a Celtic origin of the name
of these islands are perhaps not aware that
" Through the intercourse which the Phoenicians, by
means of their factories in the Persian Gulph, main-
tained with the east coast of India, the Sanscrit word
Kastira, expressing a most useful product of farther
India, and still existing among the old Aramaic idioms
in the Arabian word Kasdir, became known to the
Greeks even before Albion and the British Cassiterides
had been visited." See Humboldt's Cosmos, "Prin-
cipal Epochs in the History of the Physical Contem-
plation of the Universe," notes.
BlBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
Wooden Tombs and Effigies (Vol. ix., p. 62.).
There are two fine recumbent figures of a Lord
Neville and his wife in Brancepeth Church, four
miles south-west of Durham. They are carved in
wood. A view of them is given in Billing's An-
tiquities of Durham. J. H. B.
Tailless Cats (Vol. ix., p. 10.). In my visits
to the Isle of Man, I have frequently met with
* His want of information in this matter can only
be referred to the jealousy of the Phoenicians depriving
the Greeks, as afterwards the Romans, of ocular ob-
servation.
112
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
specimens of the tailless cats referred to by your
correspondent SHIRLEY HIBBERD. In the pure
breed there is not the slightest vestige of a tail,
and in the case of any intermixture with the
species possessing the usual caudal appendage, the
tail of their offspring, like the witch's " sark," as
recorded by honest Tam o' Shanter,
" In longitude is sorely scanty."
In fact, it terminates abruptly at the length of a
few inches, as if amputated, having altogether a
very ludicrous appearance. G. TAYLOR.
Heading.
The breed of cats without tails is well known in
the Isle of Man, and accounted by the people of the
island one of its chief curiosities. These cats are
sought after by strangers : the natives call them
" Rumpies," or " Humpy Cats." Their hind legs
are rather longer than those of cats with tails, and
give them a somewhat rabbit-like aspect, which
has given rise to the odd fancy that they are the
descendants of a cross between a rabbit and cat.
They are good mousers. When a perfectly tail-
less cat is crossed with an ordinary-tailed indi-
vidual, the progeny exhibit all intermediate states
between tail and no tail. EDWARD FORBES.
Waroitte (Vol. viii., p. 516.).
*' Jacque Pierre Brissot was born on the 14th Jan.,
1754, in the village of Ouarville, near Chartres."
Penny Cyclo.
If your correspondent is a French scholar, he
will perceive that Warville is, as nearly as pos-
sible, the proper pronunciation of the name of this
village, but that Brissot being merely the son of a
poor pastry cook, had no right whatever to the name,
which doubtless he bore merely as a distinction from
some other Brissot. It may interest your Ame-
rican friend to know, that he married Felicite
Dupont, a young lady of good family at Boulogne.
A relation of my own, who was very intimate with
her before her marriage, has often described her
to me as being of a very modest, retiring, religious
disposition, very clever with her pencil, and as
.having received a first-rate education from mas-
ters in Paris. These gifts, natural and acquired,
made her a remarkable young person, amidst the
crowd of frivolous idlers who at that time formed
" good society," not only in Paris, but even in
provincial towns, of which Boulogne was not the
least gay. Perhaps he knows already that she
quickly followed her husband to the scaffold. Her
sister (I believe the only one) married a Parisian
gentleman named Aublay, and died at a great
age about ten years ago. N. J. A.
W is not a distinct letter in the French alpha-
bet ; it is simply double , and is pronounced like
v, as in Wissant, Wimireux, Wimille, villages be-
tween Calais and Boulogne, and Wassy in Cham-
pagne. W. R. D. S.
Green Eyes (Vol. viii., p. 407.). The follow-
ing are quotations in favour of green eyes, in ad-
dition to MR. H. TEMPLE'S :
" An eagle, madam,
Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye."
Romeo and Juliet, Act III. Sc. 5.
And Dante, in Purgatory, canto xxxi., likens
Beatrice's eyes to emeralds :
" Disser : fa die le viste non risparmi :
Posto t' avem dinanzi agli smeraldi,
Ond' Amor gia ti trasse le sue armi."
" Spare not thy vision. We have station'd thee
Before the emeralds*, whence Love, erewhile,
Hath drawn his weapons on thee."
Gary's Translation.
I think short-sightedness is an infirmity more
common among men of letters, authors, &c., than
any other class ; indeed, one is inclined to think
it is no rare accompaniment of talent. A few ce-
lebrated names occur to me who suffered weakness
of distinct vision to see but the better near. I
*am sure your correspondents could add many to the
list. I mark them down at random : Niebuhr,
Thomas Moore 1 , Marie Antoinette, Gustavus
Adolphus, Herrick the poet, Dr. Johnson, Mar-
garet Fuller, Ossoli, Thiers, Quevedo. These are
but a few, but I will not lengthen the list at
present. M A S.
Came (Vol. viii., p. 468.). II. T. G. will find
this word to be as old as our language. Piers
Ploughman writes :
" A cat
Cam whan hym liked."
Vision, 1. 298.
" A lovely lady
Cam doun from a castel."
76. 1. 466.
Chaucer :
Till that he came to Thebes."
Cant. T. 1. 985. ']
Gower :
" Thus (er he wiste) into a dale
He came."
Conf. Am. b. i. fol. 9. p. 2. col. 1.
Q.
" Epitaphium Lucretia " (Vol. viii., p. 563.).
Allow me to send an answer to the Query of BAL-
LIOLENSIS, and to state that in that rather scarce
little book, Epigrammata et Poematia Vetera, he
will find at page 68. that "Epitaphium Lucretise"
is ascribed to Modestus, perhaps the same person
who wrote a work de re militari. The version
* Beatrice's eyes.
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
113
there given differs slightly from that of BALLIO-
LENSIS, and has two more lines ; it is as follows :
" Cum foderet ferro castum Lucretia pectus,
Sanguinis et torrens egereretur, ait :
Procedant testes me non favisse tyranno,
Ante virum sanguis, spiritus ante deos.
Quam recte hi testes pro me post fata loquentur,
Alter apud manes, alter apud superos."
Perhaps the following translation may not be un-
acceptable :
" When thro' her breast the steel Lucretia thrust,
She said, while forth th' ensanguin'd torrent gush'd ;
From me that no consent the tyrant knew,
To my spouse my blood, to heaven my soul shall
show ;
And thus in death these witnesses shall prove,
My innocence, to shades below, and Powers above.' "
C S.T.P.
Oxford Commemoration Squib, 1849 (Vol. viii.,
p. 584.)- Quoted incorrectly. The heading stands
thus :
" LIBERTY ! EQUALITY ! FRATERNITY !"
After the name of " Wri^htson" add "(Queen's) ;"
and at the foot of the bill " Floreat Lyceum." I
quote from a copy before me. W. P. STOKER.
Olney, Bucks.
"Imp" (Vol. vlii., p. 623.). Perhaps as amus-
ing a use of the word imp as can be found any-
where occurs in old Bacon, in his " Pathway unto
Prayer" (see Early Writings, Parker Society,
p. 187.) :
" Let us pray for the preservation of the King's
most excellent Majesty, and for the prosperous success
of his entirely beloved son Edward our Prince, that
most angelic imp."
P.P.
False Spellings from Sound (Vol. vi., p. 29.).
The observations of MB. WAYNES deserve to be
enlarged by numerous examples, and to be, to a
certain extent, corrected. He has not brought
clearly into view two distinct classes of " false
spelling" under which the greater part of such
mistakes may be arranged. One class arose solely
from erroneous pronunciation ; the second from
intentional alteration. I will explain my meaning
by two examples, both which are, I believe, in
MR. WAYLEN'S list.
The French expression dent de lion stands for a
certain plant, and some of the properties of that
plant originated the name. When an Englishman
calls the same plant Dandylion, the sound has not
given birth " to a new idea " in his mind. Surely,
he pronounces badly three French words of which
he may know the meaning, or he may not. But
when the same Englishman, or any other, orders
sparrow-grass for dinner, these two words contain
" a new idea," introduced purposely : either he, or
some predecessor, reasoned thus there is no
meaning in asparagus; sparrow-grass must be
the right word because it makes sense. The name
of a well-known place in London illustrates both
these changes : Convent Garden becomes Covent
Garden by mispronunciation ; it becomes Common
Garden by intentional change.
Mistakes of the first class are not worth record-
ing ; those of the second fall under this general
principle : words are purposely exchanged for
others of a similar sound, because the latter are
supposed to recover a lost meaning.
I have by me several examples which I will
send you if you think the subject worth pursuing.
J. O. B.
Wicken.
" Good wine needs no bush " (Vol. viii., p. 607.).
The custom of hanging out bushes of ivy,
boughs of trees, or bunches of flowers, at private
houses, as a sign that good cheer may be had
within, still prevails in the city of Gloucester at
the fair held at Michaelmas, called Barton Fair,
from the locality; and at the three "mops," or
hiring fairs, on the three Mondays following, to
indicate that ale, beer, cider, &c. are there sold,
on the strength (I believe) of an ancient privilege
enjoyed by the inhabitants of that street to sell
liquors, without the usual license, during the fair.
BROOK.THORPE.
Three Fleurs-de-Lys (Vol. ix., p. 35.). In
reply to the Query of DEVONIENSIS, I would say
that many families of his own county bore fleurs-
de-lys in their coat armour, in the forms of two
and one, and on a lend; also that the heraldic
writers, Robson and Burke, assign a coat to the
family of Baker charged with three fleurs-de-lys
on a fesse. The Devon family of Velland bore,
Sable, a fesse argent, in chief three fleurs-de-lys of
the last ; but whether these bearings were ever
placed fesse-wise, or, as your querist terms it, in a
horizontal line, I am not sure. J. D. S.
If DEVONIENSIS will look at the arms of Mag-
dalen College, Oxford, he will there find the three
fleurs-de-lys in a line in the upper part of the
shield. A. B.
Athenaeum.
Portrait of Plowden (Vol. ix., p. 56.). A por-
trait of Plowden (said to have been taken from
his monument in the Temple Church) is prefixed
to the English edition of his Reports, published in,
1761. J. G.
Exon.
St. Stephen's Day and Mr. Rileys " Hoveden "
(Vol. viii., p. 637.). The statement of this feaafe
being observed prior to Christmas must have
114
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 223.
arisen from the translator not being conversant
with the technical terms of the Ecclesiastical Ca-
lendar, in which, as the greater festivals are cele-
brated with Octaves, other feasts falling during
the Octave are said to be under (infra) the
greater solemnity. Thus, if MR. WARDEN will
consult the Or do Reciiandi Ojficii Divini for 1834,
he will see that next Sunday, the 8th inst., stands
" Dom inf. Oct.," i. e. of the Epiphany, and that
the same occurs on other days during the year.
May I point out an erratum in a Query inserted
some time since (not yet replied to), regarding a
small castle near Kingsgate, Thanet, the name of
which is printed Aix Ruochim ; it should be Arx
Ruochim. A. O. H.
Blackheath.
Death Warnings in Ancient Families (Vol. ix.,
p. 55.). A brief notice of these occurrences, with
references to works where farther details may be
met with, would form a very remarkable record
of events which tend to support one's belief in
the truth of the remark of Hamlet :
" There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,
Than are dreamt of in our philosophy."
A drummer is stated to be heard in C
Castle, the residence of the Earl and Countess of
A., "going about the house playing his drum,
whenever there is a death impending in the
family." This warning is asserted to have been
given shortly before the decease of the Earl's first
wife, and preceded the death of the next Countess
about five or six months. Mrs. Crowe, in her
Night Side of Nature, observes hereupon :
" I have heard that a paper was found in her (the
Countess's) desk after her death, declaring her convic-
tion that the drum was for her."
Whenever a little old woman visits a lady of the
family of G. of R., at the time of her confinement,
when the nurse is absent, and strokes down the
clothes, the patient (says Mrs. Crowe), " never
does any good, and dies." Another legend is, that
a single swan is always seen on a particular lake
close to the mansion of another family before a
death. Then, Lord Littleton's dove is a well-
known incident. And the lady above quoted
speaks of many curious warnings of death by the
appearance of birds, as well as of a spectral black
dog, which visited a particular- family in Cornwall
immediately before the death of any of its mem-
bers. Having made this Note of a few more
cases of death warnings, I will end with a Query
in the words of Mrs. Crowe, who, after detailing
the black dog apparition, asks : " if this pheno-
menon is the origin of the French phrase bete
noire, to express an annoyance, or an augury of
evil ? " JAS. J. SCOTT.
Hampstead.
" The Secunde Personne of the Trinitie" (Vol.ix.,
p. 56.). I think it is Hobart Seymour who
speaks of some Italians of the present day as con-
sidering the Three Persons of the Trinity to be
the Father, the Virgin, and the Son. J. P. O.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
Mr. Wright's varied antiquarian acquirements, and
his untiring zeal, are too well known to require recog-
nition from us. We may therefore content ourselves with
directing attention to his Wanderings of an Antiquary,
chiefly upon the Traces of the Romans in Britain, which
has just been published, and of which the greater part
has appeared in a series of papers under the same title
in the Gentleman's Magazine. It is intended to fur-
nish, in a popular form, a few archaeological truths
which may foster a love of our national antiquities
among those who are less likely to be attracted by dry
dissertations : and its gossiping character and pretty
woodcuts are well calculated to promote this object.
This endeavour to make the study of antiquities
popular, naturally calls our attention to a small and
very agreeable volume on the subject of what Brand
designated Popular Antiquities. We refer to the last
volume of Bohn's Illustrated Library. It is from the
pen of Mary Hfowitt, and is entitled the Pictorial
Calendar of the Seasons, exhibiting the Pleasures, Pur-
suits, and Characteristics of Country Life for every
Month of the Fear, and embodying the whole of Aik'nCs
Calendar of Nature. It is embellished with upwards
of one hundred engravings on wood ; and what the
authoress says of its compilation, viz. that it was " like
a walk through a rich summer garden," describes
pretty accurately the feelings of the reader. But, as
we must find some fault, where is the Index ?
We have received from Birmingham a work most
creditable to all concerned in its production, and which
will be found of interest to such of our readers as
devote their attention to county or family history. It
is entitled A History of the Holtes of Aston, Barontts,
with a Description of the Family Mansion, Aston Hall,
Warwickshire, by Alfred Davidson, with Illustrations
from Drawings by Allan E. Everitt ; and whether we
regard the care with which Mr. Davidson has executed
the literary portion of the work, the artistic skill of
the draughtsman, or the manner in which the publisher
has brought it out, we may safely pronounce it a
volume well deserving the attention of topographers
generally, and of Warwickshire topographers in especial.
BOOKS RECEIVED. Folious Appearances; A Con-
sideration, on our Ways of lettering Boohs. Few lovers
of old books and good binding will begrudge half a
florin for this quaint opuscule Indications of Instinct,
by T. Lindley Kemp, the new number of the Tra-
veller's Library, is an interesting supplement to Dr.
Kemp's former contribution to the same series, The
Natural History of Creation. We record, for the in-
formation of our meteorological friends, the receipt of
a Daily Weather Journal for the Year 1853, kept at Is-
lington by Mr. Simpson.
FEB. 4. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
115
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.
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Russell.
Of SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOVELS, without the Notes, Constable's
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Dangerous, Count Robert of Paris, Fair Maid of Perth, High-
land Widow, Red Gauntlet, St. Ronan's Well, Woodstock,
Surgeon's Daughter, and Talisman.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free,
to be sent, to MR. BELL, Publisher of " NOTES AND
QUKR1ES." 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent
direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose
names and addresses are given for that purpose :
Vol.
Edited
THE ACTS AND MONUMENTS OF JOHN FOXE.
by Rev. S. Cattley. Seeley and Burnside.
VOLTAIRE'S WORKS. Vol.1. Translated by Smollett. Francklin,
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ECCLESIOLOGIST. Vol. V. In Numbers or unbound.
Wanted by E. Hailstone, Horton Hall, Bradford, Yorkshire.
PKNNY CYCLOPEDIA, from Part CVII. inclusive, to the end.
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fortunate gentleman. London : printed for the Proprietor, and
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Wanted by Mr. Douglas, 16. Russell Square, London.
ta
COL. CHARTERIS or CHARTRES. Our Correspondent who in-
quires for particulars respecting this monster of depravity is
referred to Pope's Works, edit. 1736, vol. ii. p. 24. of the Ethic
Epistles. Also to the following works: The History of Col.
Francis Charteris from his Birth to his present Catastrophe in
Newgate, \to. 1730; Memoirs of the Life and Actions of Col.
Ch - s, 8vo. 1730 ; Life of Col. Don Francisco, with a wood-cut
portrait of Col. Charteris or Chartres, 8vo.
N. On the " Sun's rays putting out the fire," see Vol. vii.,
pp. 285. 345. 439.
R. V. T. An excellent tract may be had for a few pence on
The History of Pews, a paper read before the Cambridge Cnmden
Society, 1841 : see also " N. & Q.," Vol. iii., p. 56., and Vol. viii.,
p. 127.
C. K. P. (Bishop's Stortford). We candidly admit that your
results upon waxed paper are much like our own, for no certainty
has at present attended our endeavours. If the paper is made
sensitive, then it behaves exactly as yours has done ; and if fallow-
ing other formulae, we use a less sensitive paper, then the exposure
is so long and tedious that ire are not anxious to pursue Photo-
graphy in so "slow a phase." Why not adopt and abide by the
simplicity of the caloti/pe process as given in a late Number f In
the writer's possession we have seen nearly a hundred consecutive
negatives without a failure.
W. S. P. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne). Filtered rain-water is far
the best to use in making your iodized paper. The appearances
which you describe in all probability depend upon the different
sheets resting too firmly upon one another, so that the water has
not free and even access to the whole sheet.
H. J. (Norwich). Turner's paper is now quite a precarious
article ; a specimen which has come to us of his recent matte is
full of spots, and the negative useless. Towgood's is admirable for
positives, but it does not appear to do well for i >dizing. We hope
to be soon able to say something cheering to Photographers upon
a good paper !
Errata. MR. P. H. FISHER wishes to correct an error in his
article on " The Court-house at Painswick," Vol. viii., p. 596.,
col. 2., for " The lodge, an old wooden house," read " stone
house." Also in his article in Vol. ix., p. 8., col. 2., for " Rev.
Hook," read " Rev. Stock."
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NOTES AND QUERIES:
A MEDIUM OF INTERCOMMUNICATION
FOE
LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC,
* WHea found, make a note of." CAPTAIN CUTTLK.
No. 224.]
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11. 1854.
f Price Fonrpence.
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CONTENTS.
NOTES : Page
Eliminate, by C. Mansfield Ingleby - 119
Cranmer's Bible - - - - 1 19
Sovereigns Dining and Supping in
Public - - - - 120
Parallel Ideas from Poets, by Norris
Deck 121
The great Alphabetic Psalm, and the
Songs of Degrees, by T.J. Bucktoh - 121
.MINOR NOTES : Inscription on a
Grave-stone in Whittlebury Church-
yard, Northamptonshire Epitaph
on Sir Henry St. George Newton
and Milton _ Eternal Life Inscrip-
tions in Books Churchill's Grave - 122
QUERIES:
Coronation Stone - - - - 123
Old Mereworth Castle, Kent - - 121
MINOR QUERIES : " I could not love
thee, dear, so much" Leicester as
fRanger of Snowdeu Crabb of Tels-
ford Tolling the Bell while the
Congregation is leaving Church
O'Brien of Thosmond _ Order of St.
David of Wales Warple-way
Purlet Liveries, Red and Scarlet
Dr. Bragge Chauncy, or Chancy
Plaster Casts 2ip Dogs in Monu-
mental Brasses - 125
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS :
Marquis of Granby " Memorials
of English Affairs," &c. Standing
when the Lord's Prayer is read
Hypocrisy, &c. - - - - 127
HE PLIES :
" Consilium Novem Delectorum Cardi-
nalium," &c., by B. B. Woodward - 127
John Bunyan, by George Offor - - 129
The Asteroids, &c., by J. Wm. Harris - 129
Caps at Cambridge, by C. II. Cooper - 130
Russia, Turkey, and the Black Sea, by
John Macray - 132
High Dutch and Low Dutch, by Pro-
fessor Goedes de GrUter - - 132
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE: The
Calotype on the Sea-shore - - 134
HEPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES: Ned 0*
the Todding Hour-glasses and In-
scriptions on Old Pulpits Table-
turning "Firm was their faith"
The Wilbraham Cheshire MS. _
Mousehunt Begging the Question
Termination " -by " German
Tree Celtic Etymology Recent
Curiosities of Literature _ D. O. M.
Dr. John Taylor Lines attributed
to Hudibras " Corporations have no
Souls," &c Lord Mayor of London
a Privy Councillor Booty's Case
"Sat cito, si sat bene " Celtic and
Latin Languages Brydone the Tour-
ist's Birth-place - 135
MISCELLANEOUS :
Notes on Books, &c. - - - 138
Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 138
Is otices to Correspondents - - 139
VOL. IX ISTo. 224.
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TJETROSPECTIVE REVIEW
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Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s.
ready.
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JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
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A LL WORKS published under
I\. the Title SCOTT'S POETICAL
WORKS are IMPERFECT and INCOM-
PLETE, unless they bear the Imprint of
ROBE HT C ADELL, or ADAM & CHARLES
BLACK, Edinburgh.
AUTHOR'S EDITION OF
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gravings, cloth, gilt edges, 5s.
A. & C. BLACK, Edinburgh.
HOULSTON. & STONEMAN, London,
118
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
PUBLISHED BY
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PLAIN SERMONS. By the
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fcap. 8vo., cloth, 7s. 6d. Each sold separately.
" Their style is simple ; the sentences are
not artfully constructed : and there is an utter
absence of all attempt at rhetoric. The lan-
guage is plain Saxon language, from which
"the men on the wall ' can easily gather what
it most concerns them to know.
"Again, the range of thoiight is not high
and difficult, but level and easy for the way-
faring man to follow. It is quite evident that
the author's mind was able and cultivated ;
yet, as a teacher to men of low estate, he
makes no display of eloquence or argument.
" In the statements of Christian doctrine,
the reality of Mr. Blencowe's mind is very
striking. There is a strength and a warmth
and a life in his mention of the great truths of
the Gospel, which show that he spoke from the
heart, and that, like the Apostle of old, he
could say, 'I believe, and therefore have I
spoken.'
" His affectionateness too is no less conspi-
cuous ; this is shown in the gentle, earnest,
kind-hearted tone of every Sermon in the
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NOTES AND QUERIES.
119
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1854.
ELIMINATE.
(Vol. v., p. 317.)
" N. & Q." has from time to time done much
good service by holding up to reprobation modern
and growing corruptions of the English language.
I trust that its columns may be open to one more
attempt to rescue from abuse the word which
stands at the head of this article.
Its signification, whether sought from Latin
usage and etymology, or from the works of English
mathematicians, is "to turn out of doors," "to
oust," or, as we say in the midland counties, "to
get shut of." In French it may be rendered as
well by se defaire as by eliminer. Within the
last seven or eight years, however, this valuable
spoil of dead Latinity has been strangely per-
verted, and, through the ignorance or carelessness
of writers, it has bidden fair to take to itself two
significations utterly distinct from its derivation,
viz. to " elicit," and to " evaluate." The former
signification, if less vicious, is more commonly
used than the latter. I append examples of both
from three of the most elegant writers of the day.
In the third extract the word under consideration
is used in the latter sense ; in the other extracts it
carries the former.
Lectures on the Philosophical Tendencies of the
Age, by J. D. Morrell, London, 1848, p. 41. :
" Had the men of ancient times, when they peopled
the universe with deities, a deeper perception of the
religious element in the mind, than had Newton, when
having eliminated the great law of the natural creation,
his enraptured soul burst forth into the infinite and
adored ? "
I take one more illustration (among many
others) from pp. 145, 146. of this work :
" It would not be strictly speaking correct to call
them philosophical methods, because a philosophical
method only exists when any tendency works itself
clear, and gives rise to a formal, connected, and logical
system of rules, by which we are to proceed in the
elimination of truth."
The Eclipse of Faith, by Professor Rogers,
London, 1852, p. 392. :
" They are now at college, and have imbibed in
different degrees that curious theory which professedly
recognises Christianity (as consigned to the New Tes-
tament) as a truly divine revelation, yet asserts that it
is intermingled with a large amount of error and ab-
surdity, and tells each man to eliminate the divine
element ' for himself. According to this theory, the
problem of eliciting revealed truth may be said to be
indeterminate, the value of the unknown varies through
all degrees of magnitude ; it is equal to any thing,
equal to every thing, equal to nothing, equal to in-
finity."
Theological Essays, by F. D. Maurice, Cam-
bridge, 1853, p. 89. :
" Let us look, therefore, courageously at the popular
dogma, that there are certain great ideas floating in
the vast ocean of traditions which the old world ex-
hibits to us, that the gospel appropriated some of
these, and that we are to detect them and eliminate
them from its own traditions."
But for the fact that such writers hav^ given
the weight of their names to so unparalleled a
blunder, it would seem almost childish to occupy
the columns of a literary periodical with exposing
it. It is, however, somewhat singular that it
should be principally men of classical attainments
who perpetrate it. In my under-graduate days at
Cambridge, the proneness of " classical men " to
commit the blunder in question was proverbial.
In conclusion, then, let it be remembered that
the word " eliminate " obtained general currency
from the circumstance of its being originally ad-
mitted into mathematical works. In such works
elimination signifies the process of causing a
function to disappear from an equation, the so-
lution of which would be embarrassed by its pre-
sence there. In other writings the word " elimi-
nation " has but one correct signification, viz. "the
extrusion of that which is superfluous or irrele-
vant." As an example of this legitimate use of the
word, I will quote from Sir William Hamilton's
accurate, witty, and learned article on " Logic,"
published in the Edinburgh Review, April, 1833 :
" The preparatory step of the discussion was, there-
fore, an elimination of these less precise and appropriate
significations, which, as they could at best only afford
a remote genus and difference, were wholly incompe-
tent for the purpose of a definition."
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
CRANMER'S BIBLE.
Queries which I have heard at various timesr
lead me to think that a Note on this interesting
volume may be acceptable to many readers who
possess or have access to it; and especially to
those whose copies may be (as too many are)
imperfect at the beginning and end. Under this
impression I send you an extract from the late
Mr. Lea Wilson's catalogue of his unrivalled Col-
lection of English Bibles. As very few copies of
this curious and beautiful work were printed, and
not one, I believe, has been sold, it is probable
that few of your readers are aware of the criteria
which that gentleman's ingenuity and industry
have furnished for distinguishing between the
120
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[No. 224.
various editions which are known under the title
of The Great Bible, or Crammer's Bible. He
begins his description of the edition of April,
1539, thus:
" As this volume is commonly called the First Edi-
tion of Cranmer's or the Great Bible, I class it with
the Six following; although in fact the Archbishop
had nothing whatever to do with either the translation
or publication. It was put forth entirely by Thomas
Lord Cromwell, vide Herbert's Amen, p. 1550. vol. iii.,
who employed Coverdale to revise the existing trans-
lations. The first wherein Cranmer took any part is
the large folio of April 1540, the text of which differs
from this edition materially. The pages of this volume
and of the four next following begin and end alike ;
and the general appearance of the whole five is so very
similar that at first sight, one may be mistaken for
another by those ignorant of the fact that they are all
separate and distinct impressions : the whole of the
titles, of which there are five in each Book, and every
leaf of kalendar, prologue, text, and tables being en-
tirely recomposed, and varying throughout in ortho-
graphy, &c. The desire to make perfect copies out of
several imperfect, has also caused extreme confusion, by
uniting portions of different editions without due re-
gard to their identity. These remarks apply equally
to the editions of Nov. 1540, and Nov. 1541, of which,
in like manner, each page begins and ends with the
same words. Although the distinctive marks are
very numerous, yet being chiefly typographical orna-
ments or arrangement, it is impossible to give here suf-
ficient guides to ensure the integrity of each volume."
Page 12.
On the next page but one is added :
" The following lines of the forty-first chapter of Job
differ in composition in all the seven volumes, and for
the purpose of distinguishing the edition I have given
them to each."
No. 1. April, 1539.
n<& ma te $Q cruel!, tljat
to tere I) tin bp. * Wqa
toStanfcejbefore me?
Ijatf) geue me angtljing afore
fjaitite, tljat 3 mawe reuiarUe
Stmagagne?
No. 2. April, 1540.
n man f3 crucll, g*
to stere f)t bp. *
to statte Before me?
f)atl) geuen we aug tljiwg a
fore Ijaae, g 1 mawe refcoar*
tie f)tm agawte ?
aBIe
aBIe
aBIe
aBIe
II
No. 3. July, 1540.
B man te cruell, w 4 te aBIe
to stere Ijmn bp. ~*tof)0 ig
aBIe to ta >tfe Before me ? <&r
J to 1)0 Ijatf) geuen me ang
tljguge aforeijanoe, tfjat 3E
mage retoarae I) tin agagne?
No. 4. .Mn/, 1541.
rC9 man i cruell, tljat fc Ija-
M Ble to stgrre fjgm bp. *S2IOo te
w I;aBIe to itan%r Before me? c9r
1 tirjljo Ijatlj geuc me ang tl)tng
i aforeljantfr, tljat 3E mage re^
iuartfe Ijgm agagne ? 11 i
.ZVb. 5. December, 1541.
'%T<& ma i $a cruel, tljat
1 to atgrre Ijgm bp.
W IjaBIe to ^tantr Before me? <9r
I t ^-1)0 ljatl)c gmten me ange
tljiwge afare pantJe, tfjat S
mane retoarfte tym agamic?
No. 6. November, 1540.
| man t^ ^o cruell tljat te aBIe to
1| Ijgm bp. * iOTjo t^ aBIe to ^tantfe Be-
a fore me? C9r ^ to^o Ijatlj geuen me ang
tf)!?iiQ afore Ijantfe, tljat mage re*
JVy. 7. November, 1541.
man itf s'o cruell tfjat i$ JjaBIe to
tftgrre fjgjn bp. *iiIH^o te ftaBle ta
jStanoe Before me ? (9r J toljo l;atlj gg-
ueii me ang tljgng afore ijanoe, tiit
i mage retoaroe ggm agagne? ^11
I believe the foregoing to be an exact copy of
Mr. Wilson's catalogue, but, of course, I cannot
be responsible for the accuracy of his transcripts.
Perhaps none but those who were admitted to his
library ever had an opportunity of comparing to-
gether all those editions ; and nobody would have
done it with more care and fidelity than himself.
S. Pv. M.
SOVEREIGNS DINING AND SUPPING IN PUBLIC.
In some observations which I made upon two
or three pictures in Hampton Court Palace, in
Vol. viii., p. 538 , I specified two worthy of notice
on the above subject, and which are the first
instances of such ceremony I have met with. It
has been supposed to have been a foreign custom,
but I do not find any traces of it upon record.*
[* The custom was observed at a much earlier
period; for we find that King Edward II. and his
queen Isabella of France kept their court at West-
minster during the Whitsuntide festival of 1317 : and
on one occasion, as they were dining in public in the
great banqueting-hall, a woman in a mask entered on
horseback, and riding up to the royal table, delivered
a letter to King Edward, who, imagining that it con-
tained some pleasant, conceit or elegant compliment,
ordered it to be opened and read aloud for the amuse-
ment of his courtiers ; but, to his great mortification,
it was a cutting satire on his unkingly propensities,
setting forth in no measured terms all the calamities
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
121
One can easily imagine that the fastueux Louis
XIV. would have no objection to such display,
and that his mistresses, as well as queen, would
be of the party, when we read, that in the royal
progresses two of the former were scandalously
paraded in the same carriage with his queen. To
this immoral exhibition, indeed, public opinion
seemed to give no check, as we read, that " les
peuples accouraient 'pourvoir,' disaient-ils, 'les
trois reines,' " wherever they appeared together.
Of these three queens, the true one was Marie-
Therese: the two others were La Marquise de
Montespan and Mme. de la Valliere. But. to re-
turn to my subject. I find by the London Gazette,
No. 6091. of Sept. 4, 1722, that Geo. I., in his
progress to the west of England, supped in public
at the Bishop's (Dr. Richard Willis) palace at
Salisbury on Wednesday, Aug. 29, 1722 ; and
slept there that night.
The papers of the period of George II. say :
" There was such a resort to Hampton Court on
Sunday, July 14, 1728, to see their Majesties dine,
that the rail surrounding the table broke ; and causing
some to fall, made a terrible scramble for hats, &c., at
which their Majesties laughed heartily."
And,
" On Thursday, the 25th of the same month, it is
stated, the concourse to see their Majesties dine in
public at Hampton Court was exceedingly great. A
gang of robbers (the swell-mob of that day?) had
mixed themselves among the nobility and gentry;
several gold watches being lost, besides the ladies'
gown tails and laced lappets cut off in number."
And again :
" On Sunday, 15th September, 1728, their Majesties
dined together in public at Windsor (as they will con-
tinue to do every Sunday and Thursday during their
stay there), when all the country people, whether in or
out of mourning, were permitted to see them."
Besides those three occasions of George II. and
Queen Caroline dining in public, we have another
recorded attended with some peculiar circum-
stances!, as mentioned in the London Gazette,
No. 7623. of Tuesday, Aug. 2, 1737 :
" The 31st ult. being Sunday, their Majesties, the
Prince and Princess of Wales, and the Princesses Amelia
and Caroline, went to chapel at Hampton Court, and
heard a sermon preached by the Rev. Dr. Blomer.
Their Majesties, and the rest of the royal family, dined
afterwards in public as usual before a great number of
which his misgovernment had brought upon England.
The woman was immediately taken into custody, and
confessed that she had been employed by a certain
knight. The knight boldly acknowledged what he
had done, and said, " That, supposing the King would
read the letter in private, he took that method of ap-
prising him of the complaints of his subjects." Strick-
land's Queens of England, vol. i. p. 487 ED.]
spectators. About seven o'clock that evening, the
Princess of Wales was taken with some slight symptoms
of approaching labour, and was removed to St. James's ;
where, a little after eleven, she was delivered of a
princess."
This was the Princess Augusta, who was married
to the Prince of Brunswick Wolfenbiittel. J>.
Richmond.
PARALLEL IDEAS FROM POETS.
Longfellow and Tennyson :
" And like a lily on a river floating,
She floats upon the river of his thoughts."
Spanish Student, Act II. Se. 3.
" Now folds the lily all her sweetness up,
And slips into the bosom of the lake ;
So fold thyself, my dearest, thou, and slip
Into my bosom and be lost in me."
Princess, Part vii.
Wordsworth and Keble :
" A book, upon whose leaves some chosen plants
By his own hand disposed with nicest care,
In undecaying beauty were preserved ;
Mute register, to him, of time and place,
And various fluctuations in the breast;
To her, a monument of faithful love
Conquered, and in tranquillity retained !"
Excursion, Book vi.
" Like flower-leaves in a precious volume stor'd,
To solace and relieve
Some heart too weary of the restless world."
Christian Year : Prayers to be used at Sea..
Moore and Keble :
" Now by those stars that glance
O'er Heaven's still expanse,
Weave we our mirthful dance,
Daughters of Zea ! "
Evenings in Greece.
" Beneath the moonlight sky,
The festal warblings flow'd,
Where maidens to the Queen of Heaven
Wove the gay dance."
Christian Year ; Eighth Sunday after Trinity.
NORRIS DECK.
Cambridge.
THE GREAT ALPHABETIC PSALM, AND THE SONGS
OF DEGREES.
In attempting to discover a reason for the di-
vision of Psalm cxix. into twenty-two portions of
eight verses each, instead of seven or ten, the more
favourite numbers of the Hebrew, I have thought
that, as the whole Psalm is chiefly laudatory of the
Thorah, or Law of Moses, and was written alpha-
betically for the instruction mainly of the younger-
people, to be by them committed to memory, a
122
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 224.
didactic reason might exist for making up the
total number of 176 verses, peculiar to this Psalm.
Adverting then to the necessity, for the purposes
of Jewish worship, of ascertaining the periods of
the new moons, to adjust the year thereby, I find
that a mean lunation, as determined by the latest
authorities, is very nearly 29'5306 days (29d. 12h.
44m.) ; and as the Jewish months were lunar, six
of these would amount to 177d. 4h. 24m., being
somewhat more than one over the number of
verses in this Psalm. As lunations, from ob-
servation, vary from 29d. 7h. 32m. to 29d. 18h.
50m., the above was a very close approximation
to the half-year. The other half of the year would
vary a whole lunation (Veadar) betwixt the or-
dinary and the intercalary year.* This was, at
least, the best possible combination of twenty-two
letters for such purpose. This Psalm might then
have answered some of the purposes of an almanac.
It is a very important one in fixing the Hebrew
metres, the initial letter being the same for every
eight verses in succession.
The words at the commencement of Psalms cxx.
to cxxxiv., rendered " Song of Degrees," appear
to me to signify rather " song of ascents" in re-
ference to the Jewish practice of ascending to the
house-top to watch and pray, as well as to sleep.
If it be assumed that these fifteen Psalms were ap-
propriated for domestic use on the Jew retiring,
by ascending the ladder or stairs, to the upper
part or top of the house (Ps. cxxxii. 3.), the
meaning of several passages will be better appre-
hended, I conceive, than by supposing that they
were composed solely for temple use, or, as Eich-
horn thinks, to be sung on a journey. Standing
on the house-top, the praying Jew, like David and
Solomon, would have in view heaven and earth
(cxxi. 2., cxxiii. 1.), the sun and moon (cxxi. 6.),
the surrounding hills (cxxi. 1.) and mountains
(cxxv. 2.), the gates and city of Jerusalem
(cxxii. 2. 3. 7.), Mount Zion (cxxv. 1.), the watch-
men on the walls (cxxvii. 1., cxxx. 6.), his wife
and children at home (cxxviii. 3., cxxxi. 2.), the
mower bringing in his sheaves, compared with the
grass on the house-tops (cxxix. 68.), all subjects
especially noted in these fifteen Psalms. The
number eight appears to be a favourite one in
these, as well as in Psalm cxix., but there is no
reason to believe that such number refers to the
octave in music. It mayv refer, however, to the
number of stairs or steps of ascent. I am not
aware that the above views have been previously
taken, which is my reason for calling attention to
this interesting and well-debated subject.
T. J. BUCKTON.
* Their shortest ordinary year consisted of 353, and
its half of 176^ days. The Mahometan ordinary half-
year consists of 177 days. The calendar months of
both Jews and Mahometans consist of 29 and 30 days.
Inscription on a Grave-stone in Whittlebury
Churchyard, Northamptonshire.
" In Memory of John Heath, he dy'd Dec br y e 17 th ,
1767. Aged 27 years.
While Time doth run from Sin depart ;
Let none e'er shun Death's piercing dart ;
For read and look, and you will see
A wondrous change was wrought on me.
For while I lived in joy and mirth
Grim Death came in and stop't my breath:
For I was single in the morning light,
By noon was marri'd, and was dead at night."
H. T. WAKE.
Epitaph on Sir Henry St. George, Garter
Principal King of Englishmen [sic in MS.], from
a MS. in the Office of Arms, London (see Bal-
lard MSS., vol. xxix.) :
" Here lie a knight, a king, a saint,
Who lived by tilt and tournament.
His namesake, George, the dragon slew,
But, give the herald king his due,
He could disarm ten thousand men,
And give them arms and shields again.
But now the mighty sire is dead,
Reposing here his hoary head ;
Let this be sacred to the mem'ry
Of Knight St. George and of King Henry."
BALLIOLENSIS.
Newton and Milton. Has it been observed
that Sir Isaac Newton's dying words, so often
quoted,
" I am but as a child gathering pebbles on the sea-
shore, while the great ocean of truth still lies undisco-
vered before me."
are merely an adaptation of a passage in Paradise
Regained, book iv. :
" Deep versed in books and shallow in himself,
Crude or intoxicate, collecting toys
And trifles for choice matters, worth a sponge,
As children gathering pebbles on the shore."
ANON.
Eternal Life. In the Mishna (Berachoth,
ch. ix. s. 5.) the doctrine of a future eternal state
is clearly set forth in a passage which is rendered
by De Sola and Raphali :
" But since the Epicureans perversely taught, there
is but one state of existence, it was directed that men
should close their benedictions with the form [Blessed
be the Lord God of Israel] from eternity to eternity."
A like explicit declaration of such future state
occurs again in the Mishna, (Sanhedrin, ch. xi. s. 1.).
T. J. BUCKTON.
Birmingham.
Inscriptions in Books. The following are taken
eratim from the margins of an old black-letter
literatim
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
123
Bible. From the numerous errors we may sup-
pose they were copied from dictation by a person
unacquainted with Latin.
" Quanto doctiores tanto te gesas submiseias."
Forasmuch as y u art y e better learned,
By so much y u must carry thy self more lowly."
" Si deus est animus nohis ut carmina dicunt,
Sic tihi pricipus (bus?) sit pura mente colendus."
" Seing y* God is, as y e poets say,
A liveing soul, lets worship him alway."
" Tempora (e?) felici multa (i?) numerantur amici,
Cum fortuna pent nulus amicus erit."
" In time of prosperity friends will be plenty,
In time of adversity not one among twenty."
On the title-page, " John Threlkeld's Book : "
" Hujus in dominum cupius (as?) cognescere libri,
Supra prospiscias, nomen habebis ibi."
" Whose booke I am if you would know,
I will to you in letters show."
On the other side :
" Thomas Threlkeld is my name, and for to write . .
. . ing ashame,
And if my pen had bene any better, I would have
mended it every letter."
This last example closely resembles some others
given in a late Number of " N. & Q." J. R. G.
Dublin.
ChurchiWs Grave. It is not perhaps generally
known, that the author of The Rosciad was buried
in the churchyard of St. Mary, Dover. On a
small moss-covered head-stone is the following
inscription :
" 1764.
Here lie the remains of the celebrated
C. CHURCHILL."
" Life to the last enjoy'd,
Here Churchill lies.
CANDIDATE."
The notice is sufficiently brief ; no date, except
the year, nor age being recorded. The biogra-
phers inform us, that he died at Boulogne of a
fever, while on a visit to Wilkes.
The cemetery where his remains are deposited
is in the centre almost of Dover ; and has recently
been closed for the purposes of sepulture, with
the exception of family vaults. Adjoining it is a
small retired burial-place, containing at the most
but two or three graves, and originally belonging
to the Tavenors. Here is the tomb of Captain
Samuel Tavenor, an officer of Cromwell, and,
during his ascendancy, one of the governors of
Deal Castle. Tavenor was a man distinguished
for his courage, integrity, and piety. J. BRENT.
CORONATION STONE
A few years ago the following tradition was re-
lated to me by a friend, and I should be glad if
any of your correspondents can inform me whether
it is current in any part of Great Britain or Ire-
land, and whether there are any grounds for it.
As it is connected with one of our most interest-
ing national relics, the coronation stone, it may
not prove beneath notice ; and I here give it in.
full, shielding myself with the Last Minstrel's
excuse :
" I know not how the truth may be,
But I tell the tale as 'twas told to me."
I must allow that its extreme vagueness, if not
improbability, hardly warrants an inquiry ; but
having failed in obtaining any satisfactory proofs
among my own friends, as a last resource I apply
myself to the columns of your well-known and
useful journal.
When Jacob awoke after his wonderful dream,
as related in Genesis (chap, xxviii.), he said,
" Surely the Lord is in this place, and I knew it
not;" and he was afraid, and said, "How dreadful
is this place. This is none other but the house
of God ; and this is the gate of heaven." He
" took the stone that he had put for his pillow
and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the
top of it. And Jacob vowed a vow, saying, If
God will be with me, and will keep me in this
way that I go, and will give me bread to eat and
raiment to put on, so that I come again to my
father's house in peace, then shall the Lord be my
God : and this stone, which I have set for a pillar,
shall be God's house ; and of all that Thou shalt
give me I will surely give the tenth unto Thee."
That stone (so runs the legend) is supposed to
have been taken away from Bethel by the House
of Joseph, when they destroyed the city and its
inhabitants (Judges i.); and a tradition, that who-
soever possessed that stone would be especially
blessed, and be king or chief, was current among
the Jews ; the stone itself being guarded by them
with jealous care.
On the first destruction of Jerusalem, some of
the royal family of Judah are supposed to have
escaped, and to have gone in search of an asylum
beyond the sea, taking this precious stone with
them. Their resting-place was Ireland, where
they founded a kingdom. Many centuries after-
wards, a brother of the king descended from these
exiles, named Fergus, went, with his brother's
permission, to found a kingdom in Scotland. He
said, however, he would not go without the sacred
stone. This his brother refused to give him ; but
Fergus stole it, and established a kingdom in
Scotland. His descendants became kings of all
Scotland, and were crowned sitting on that stone,
124
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
which was taken away by Edward I., and is now
in Westminster Abbey.
These are the outlines of this tradition. My
object now is to ask whether any of your corre-
spondents can inform me, first, Whether the Jews
bad, or have, any like superstition concerning
Jacob's pillar ; and whether the royal family of
Judah possessed such a stone among their trea-
sures ? Secondly, Whether any Jews are sup-
posed to have settled in Ireland at so early a
period ; and whether (that being the case) there
are now, or were once, proofs of their having done
so, either in the Irish language or in any of the
ancient laws, customs, buildings, &c. of the coun-
try ? Thirdly, Whether the Scotch believe that
stone to have come from Ireland ; and whether
that belief in the owner of it being king existed
in Scotland ? and, lastly, Can any of your corre-
spondents, learned in geology, inform me whether
the like kind of stone is to be met with in any
part of the British Isles ? or whether, as the le-
gend runs, a similar kind of stone is found in the
Arabian plains ? The story has interested me
greatly ; and if I could gain any enlightenment
on the subject, I should be much obliged for it.
AN INDIAN SUBSCRIBER.
[Several of our historians, as Matthew of West-
minster, Hector Boethius, Robert of Gloucester, the
poet Harding, &c.. have noticed this singular legend ;
but we believe the Rabbinical writers (as suggested by
our Indian correspondent) have never been consulted
respecting it. Sandford, in his valuable History of the
Coronation of James II. (fol., 1687, p. 39.), has given
some dates and names which will probably assist our
correspondents in elucidating the origin of this far-
famed relic. He says, "Jacob's stone, or The Fatal
Marble Stone, is an oblong square, about twenty-two
inches long, thirteen inches broad, and eleven inches
deep, of a bluish steel-like colour, mixed with some
veins of red ; whereof history relates that it is the
stone whereon the patriarch Jacob is said to have lain
his head in the plain of Luza. That it was brought
to Brigantia in the kingdom of Gallacia in Spain, in
which place Gathal, King of Scots, sat on it as his
throne. Thence it was brought into Ireland by Simon
Brech, first King of Scots, about 700 years before
Christ's time, and from thence into Scotland, by King
Fergus, about 330 years before Christ. In the year
850 it was placed in the abbey of Scone in the sherif-
dom of Perth by King Kenneth, who caused it to be
inclosed in a wooden chair (jiow called St. Edward's
Chair), and this prophetical distich engraven on it :
* Ni fallat Fatum, Scoti hunc quocunque locatum
Inveniunt lapidem, regnare tenentur ibidem.'
' If Fates go right, where'er this stone is found,
The Scots shall monarchs of that realm be crown'd.'
Which is the more remarkable by being fulfilled in the
person of James I. of England." Calmet, however,
states that the Mahometans profess to have this relic
in their custody. He says, " The Mahometans think
that Jacob's stone was conveyed to the Temple of Jeru-
salem, and is still preserved in the mosque there, where
the Temple formerly stood. They call it Al-sahra, or
the stone of unction. The Cadi Gemaleddin, son of
Vallel, writes, that passing through Jerusalem, in his
way to Egypt, he saw Christian priests carrying glass
phials full of wine over the Sakra, near which the
Mussulmcn had built their temple, which, for this
reason, they call the Temple of the Stone. The wine
which the Christian priests set upon the stone was no.
doubt designed for the celebration of mass there."]
OLD MEREWORTH CASTLE, KENT.
Among your subscribers there are doubtless
many collectors of topographical drawings and en-
gravings. I shall feel specially obliged if any of
them could find in their collections a view of old
Mereworth Castle (as it stood prior to the com-
paratively modern erection of Lord Westmore-
land), and furnish me with a long desiderated
description of it. Local tradition represents it as
having been a baronial castle rising from the
middle of a small lake, like that of Leeds, though
of smaller dimensions, with the parish church at-
tached. I should rather conjecture it to have
been an ancient moated manor-house, magnified,
in the course of t tradition, into a baronial castle
and lake.
Whatever the old building was, it was pulled
down by John, seventh Earl of Westmoreland,
during the first half of the last century. Had it
been of the character of Leeds Castle, as the re-
presentative of a long line of baronial ancestry, he
would hardly have levelled such a structure, with
all its inspiring associations, merely for the purpose
of gratifying his passion for Palladian architecture
by the erection of the present mansion.
The ancient building seems to have been the
residence of the knightly family of De Mereworth
during the twelfth, thirteenth, and part of the
fourteenth centuries, and from that time, till near
the end of Elizabeth's reign, it ceased to be a
family residence; for, after passing through va-
rious hands (none of whom were likely to have
resided there), it descended in 1415 to Joan, wife
of the Lord Burgavenny, sister and coheir to the
Earl of Arundel. The Burgavennys of that day
resided always at their castle of Birling, which
circumstance would intimate that it was a grander
and more baronial residence than Mereworth
Castle (for they had come into possession of both
estates very nearly at the same period) ; and
afterwards Mereworth by settlement passed to
Sir Thomas Fane of Badsell, in marriage with
Mary, daughter and sole heiress of Henry Lord
Burgavenny, and "jure suo" Baroness Despencer,
in 1574. From that time till its dismantling in
the last century, Mereworth Castle was again a
family residence, the seat of the Earls of West-
moreland ; Francis, eldest son of said Sir Thomas
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
125
Fane and Mary Baroness Depencer, having been
advanced to that earldom. As the seat of a
noble family for more than a century and a half,
it is hardly likely that no view should have been
taken of it ; I have searched, however, in vain for
it in Harris, Buck, and other published collections.
It would be a matter of special interest to many
besides myself, to obtain some information re-
specting it.
John, seventh earl, the builder of the present
Pall ad i an mansion, died in 1762, when the earldom
passed to a distant cousin, and the barony of De-
spencer was called out of abeyance in favour^ of
Sir Francis Dashwood, the son and representative
of Mary, sister and eldest co-heir of John, seventh
Earl of Westmoreland, and heir to his estates.
On his death s. p., Sir Thomas Stapleton, sole
heir to the Barony of Despencer (as lineal de-
scendant and heir of Catherine, the younger sister
and co-heir of the said John, seventh earl), suc-
ceeded to the estate ; and from him it has lineally
descended to Mary, Viscountess Falmouth, and
"jure suo" Baroness Despencer, the present
representative of the family. At Mereworth
Castle itself, where the Viscount and Viscountess
Falmouth reside, there is no view of the old
"building ; but it is very possible that some drawing
or engraving of it may exist in some of the resi-
dences of the Earls of Westmoreland subsequent
to the seventh earl, or at the seat of the Dash-
woods, or in the British Museum.
I trouble you with this Query, in the hope that,
.among your numerous readers, some one may be
..placed in a position to give us information on the
subject. In doing so they would greatly oblige
CANTIANUS.
" I could not love thee, dear, so much" Where
-are the following lines to be found ? what is the
.context ?
" I could not love thee, dear, so much,
Loved I not honour more."
H.
Leicester as Ranger of Snowden. In the reign
of Queen Elizabeth, Leicester was made Ranger
>of Snowden Forest, and using violent means to
-extort unjust taxes from the people, under cover
of this appointment, he was opposed and resisted
fcy eight Welsh gentlemen, under the leadership
of Sir Richard Bulkeley, of Baron Hill, in Angle-
sey. Among these was a Madryn of Madryn, a
Hugh ap Richard of Cefnllanfair, a Griffith of
Cefn Amlwch, c. These patriotic gentlemen
met with imprisonment in the Tower of London
as their only recompense ; and there are extant
poems by Guttyn, Peris, and other bards, ad-
dressed to them on the subject. I should be
obliged to any of your correspondents to give me
any farther information on this subject, or refer-
ence to documents which bear upon it.
ELFFIN AP GWYDDNO.
Crcibl of Telsford. Any information respect-
ing the settlement of the family of Crabb, or
Crabbe, at Telsford, county of Somerset, together
with the names of the present representatives of
that family, would be most thankfully received
through the medium of your valuable pages, or in
any other way, by ONE or THE NAME.
Tolling the Bell while the Congregation is leav-
ing Church. Can you inform me why this is
done at Richmond Church ; and whether the cus-
tom is adopted in any other ? * J. H. M.
O'Brien of Thosmond. In the Calendar of
Inquisitions post mortem, there appears one taken
on the death of Alicia, wife of Nicholas Thos-
mound, in the second year of King Henry IV.
The estates were in Somersetshire. From the
appearance of this name, I suspect it is not^an
English one ; but rather an old form of spelling
the name of the province of Tothmound or Tho-
mond (South Munster), Ireland ; and that this
Nicholas was an O'Brien, who called himself from
his family's principality, for it was not uncommon
in England formerly to take names from estates.
Perhaps some of your correspondents having ac-
cess to the Inquisition would ascertain more on
the subject, and give it to the public. The name
of Nicholas O'Brien occurs in the Irish rolls of
Chancery about that very period. A. B.
Order of St. David of Wales. In the reiojn of
Queen Elizabeth there -was an order of knight-
hoodthe Order of St. David of Wales. When
was that Order created ? Who was the first
knight ? Who was the last knight ? What pre-
late was the chaplain to the Order ? Why was it
dissolved ? Why is it not revived again ? We
have several Welsh peers, noblemen, knights ; four
bishops, men of science and learning, Welshmen.
I hope the good Queen Victoria will revive this
ancient order of knighthood, and the Prince of
Wales be created the first knight. The emblem
of Wales is a red dragon.
Can any of your readers give an account of this
ancient order ? Some years ago there were several
letters in The Times, and other papers, respect-
ing it and the Welsh motto. Wales should have
its knight as well as Ireland, Scotland, and Eng-
land. W.
Warple-way. The manor of Richmond, in
Surrey, has been the property of the crown for
many hundred years, I may say from time imme-
[* This custom is observed in many of the London
churches. ED.]
126
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
did he live ? He appears, from various inscrip-
tions round an engraved portrait, to have been a
great duping dealer in pictures. E. H.
Chauncy, or Chancy. Any reference to works
containing biographical notices of Charles Chauncy,
or Chancy, M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, circa 1620, will oblige J. Y.
Plaster Casts. RUBY would be thankful for a
good receipt for bronzing plaster casts.
morial : and in all the old records and plans, the
green roads are called " warple-ways." Some of
the old plans are marked " worple way," some
" warple way." Can any of your readers tell me
the derivation and meaning of the word, and refer
me to an authority ? WM. SMYTHE.
Purlet. Nelson, and the subsequent historians
of Islington, relate a marvellous story on the
authority of Purlet de Mir. Nat. x. c. iv. :
" And as to the same hearings, or tremblements de
terre, it is sayde, y* in a certaine fielde neare unto y e
parish church of Islingtoun, in like manner, did take
place a wondrous commotion in uarious partes, y e
earthe swellinge, and turninge uppe euery side towards
y e midst of y c sayde fielde ; and, by tradycion of this,
it is obserued y* one Richard de Clouesley lay buryed
in or neare y 4 place, and y* his bodie being restles, on
y e score of some sinne by him peraduenture committed,
did shewe or seeme to signifye y 1 religious obseruance
should there take place, to quiet his departed spirit ;
whereupon certaine exorcisers, if wee may so term y m ,
did at dede of night, nothing lothe, using divers diuine
exercises at torche light, set at rest y e unrulie spirit of
y e sayde Clouesley, and y e earthe did returne aneare
to its pristine shape, neuermore commotion procedeing
therefrom to this day, and this I know of a verie cer-
taintie." Nelson's Islington, 4to. 1811, p. 305., or 8vo.
1823, p. 293.
The spelling of this extract seems at least as
old as the time of Cloudesley's death (1517), al-
though it would appear to be a translation ; and
though the exorcism is apparently spoken of as
having taken place long before the time of the
writer. From these and other circumstances, I
am led to suspect that Nelson was the victim of
a cruel hoax, particularly as I am unable to find
any such book as Purlet de Mir. Nat. in the
British Museum.
Query, Does any such book exist ; and if so,
where ? FRIDESWIDE.
Islington.
Liveries, Red and Scarlet. In a provincial
paper, I noticed a paragraph dating the origin of
wearing red coats in fox-hunting from a mandate
' of Henry II., who it appears made fox-hunting a
royal sport, and gave to all distributors of foxes
the scarlet uniform of the royal household : this
also would involve another question as regards
the origin of scarlet being the colour of the royal
livery. Can any of your sporting or antiquarian
correspondents give me any authority for the
former, and any information about the latter ?
W. E. W. RUMBOLD.
Dr. Bragge. I shall be much obliged to any
of your correspondents who will give me inform-
ation respecting Dr. Bragge, who flourished about
the year 1756. Who was he? Where did he get
his degree ? Who were his chief dupes ? Where
" In the prophecy regarding the
birth of John the Baptist (Luke i. 15.) the angel
says :
" Kal olvov KO-l ffiKepa ov fj.rj irir)."
This is in the authorised version (I quote from
the original 1611 edit.) rightly rendered:
" And shal drinke neither wine nor strong drinke."
Now, in the Golden Legend, fol. cxl. (Wynkyn
de Worde's edition, London, 1516) is this account:
" For he shal be grete, and of grete meryte tofore
our Lord : he shall not drinke wyne, ne syder, ne
thynge wherof he myght be dronken."
I need hardly remind your readers that o-iwepa
was often used t by the LXX translators for an
intoxicating liquor, as distinguished from wine,
viz. Levit. x. 9., Numbers vi. 3., &c., and in about
nine places ; but I do not remember " syder" as
the " thynge wherof he myghte be dronken." Can
any of your philological friends call to mind a
similar version? I do not want to be told the
derivation of (n'/cepa, for that is obvious ; nor do I
lack information as to the inebriating qualities of
" syder," for, alas ! an intimate acquaintance with
Devonshire has often brought before my notice
persons "dronken" with that exhilarating be-
verage. RICHARD HOOPEB.
St. Stephen's, Westminster.
Dogs in Monumental Brasses. Is there any
symbolical meaning conveyed in the dogs which
are so often introduced at the feet of ladies in
brasses, and dogs and lions at the feet of knights ?
One fact is worthy of notice, that while the omis-
sion of the dog is frequent in the brasses of ladies
(e.g. in that of Lady Camoys, 1424, at Trotton,
Sussex, and Joan, Lady Cobham, 1320, Cobham,
Kent, and several others), the lion or dog, as the
case may be, of the knight is scarcely ever left
out ; indeed, I have only been able to find two or
three instances. But again, in brasses later than
1460, the dogs and lions are seldom, if ever, found
either in the brasses of knights or ladies. Can
you afford me any information on these points ?
B. H. ALFORD.
Tonbridge, Kent.
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
127
im'tf)
Marquis of Grariby. In a late number of
Chambers s Journal it is stated that there are eigh-
teen taverns in London bearing the sign of the
Marquis of Granby. How did this sign become
so popular ; and which marquis was it whose
popularity gained him immortality ; and when
lived he ? J. M. WHARTON.
[This sign is intended as a compliment to John
Manners, commonly called Marquis of Granby, eldest
son of John, third Duke of Rutland, who appears to have
been a good, bluff-brave soldier active, generous^
careful of his men, and beloved by them. Mr. Peter
Cunningham (Handbook, p. 398., edit. 1850) informs
us, that " Granby spent many an happy hour at the
Hercules Pillars public-house, Piccadilly, where Squire
Western put his horses up, when in pursuit of Tom
Jones." He died, much regretted, on October 19, 1770,
Avithout succeeding to the dukedom.
" What conquests now will Britain boast,
Or where display her banners ?
Alas ! in GRANBY she has lost
True courage and good MANNERS."
His popularity is shown by the frequent occurrence of
his portrait as a sign-board for public-houses, even of
late years ; a fact which at once testifies in favour of
his personal qualities, and indicates the low state of
our military fame during the latter half of the last
century. ]
"Memorials of English Affairs " SfC. Can you
inform me who was the author of a folio volume
entitled
" Memorials of the English Affairs ; or an Historical
Account of what passed from the beginning of the
Reign of King Charles I. to King Charles II. his
happy ' Restauration ; ' containing the Public Trans-
actions, Civil and Military, together with the Private
Consultations and Secrets of the Cabinet. London :
printed for Nathanael Conder, at the Sign of the
Peacock in the Poultry, near the Church, MDCLXXXII."
I have never seen any other copy than the one
in my possession. L. R.
[This work is by Sir Bulstrode Whitelocke. The
edition of 1682, possessed by our correspondent, was
published by Arthur, Earl of Anglesea, who took con-
siderable liberties with the manuscript. The best
edition, containing the passages cancelled by the Earl,
is that of 1732, fol. " This work," says Bishop War-
burton, " that has been so much cried up, is a meagre
diary, wrote by a poor-spirited, self-interested, and
self-conceited lawyer of eminence, but full of facts."
At p. 378. (edit. 1682) occurs the following entry:
" From the council of state, Cromwell and his son
Ireton went home with Whitelocke to supper, where
they were very cheerful, and seemed extremely well-
pleased ; they discoursed together till twelve o'clock
at night, and told many wonderful observations of
God's providence in the affairs of the war, and in the
business of the army's coming to London, and seizing
the members of the house, in all which were miracu-
lous passages." To this sentence in the copy now be-
fore us, some sturdy royalist has added the following
MS. note : " Whitelocke reports this of himself, as
being well pleased with it ; and the success of their
villany they accounted God's providence !"]
Standing when the Lord's Prayer is read. On
Sunday, January 8, the second lesson for morning
service is the sixth chapter of St. Matthew, in
which occurs the Lord's Prayer. When the offi-
ciating clergyman began to read the ninth verse,
in which the prayer commences, the congregation
at Bristol Cathedral rose, and remained standing
till its conclusion. Is this custom observed in other
places ? and (if there is to be a change of position)
why do the congregation stand, and not kneel, the
usual posture of prayer in the Church of England?
CERVUS.
[The custom, we believe, is observed in the majority
of churches. The reason for standing rather than
kneeling seems to be, that when the Lord's Prayer
comes in the course of the lessons it is only read his-
torically, as a part of a narrative, which indicates that
the whole sacred narrative should be treated, as it was
anciently, with the like reverence. The rubric says
nothing about sitting ; standing and kneeling being
the only postures expressly recognised. In the curious
engraving of the interior of a church, prefixed to
Bishop Sparrow's Rationale upon the Book of Common
Prayer, 1661, there is not a seat of any kind to be seen,
pews not having become at this time a general ap-
pendage to churches; probably a few chairs or benches
were required for the aged or infirm. The only in-
timation of the sitting posture in our present Common
Prayer- Book occurs in the rubric, enjoining the people
to stand when the Gospel is read, which Wheatly tells
us was first inserted in the Scotch Common Prayer-
Book. See N. & Q.," Vol. ii., pp. 246. 347.]
Hypocrisy, frc. Can you inform me with whom
originated the following saying : " Hypocrisy is
the homage which vice renders to virtue" ?
A. C. W.
[The saying originated with the Duke de la Roche-
foucault, and occurs in his Moral Maxims, No. 233.}
" CONSILIUM NOVEM DELECTORUM CARDINALIUM,
ETC.
(Vol. viii., p. 54.)
The Note of your correspondent Novus upon
this Consilium ought to have been answered
before ; but as none of your contributors who can
speak as " having authority " have undertaken to
do so, I beg to offer to your readers the following
statements and extracts, collected when my sur-
prise at the assertions of Novus was quite fresh.
128
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No, 224.
The first point on which jSTovus requires cor-
rection is, the name of the pontiff to whom the
Consilium purports to be addressed. N"ovus says
Julius III., but the date of this document is un-
questionably not later than the beginning of 1538,
for Sleidan tells us that editions of it were printed
at Rome, at Cologne, at Strasburg, and at another
place, in the course of the year 1538 ; and in the
title it is distinctly stated to have been presented
to Paul III., who was pope in that year, whilst
Julius III. was not elected till 1550.
When Novus says that this Consilium " has just
been once more quoted, for the fiftieth time,
perhaps, within the present generation, as a ge-
nuine document, and as proceeding from adherents
of the Church of Rome," he falls short of the fact.
For every writer of the least mark, or likelihood,
whose subject has led him that way, has quoted it :
thus, e.g., Ranke, who in his great work on The
Popes and the Papacy, book ii. 2., refers to it as
indicative of no dishonourable design on the part
of the supreme pontiff.
Amongst the writers of the time when the Con-
silium is said to have been drawn up, who regarded
it' as genuine, we may mention Luther, who, soon
after it found its way into Germany, published a
translation, with one of his biting caricatures pre-
fixed ; and Sturm, who prefaced his translation
with a letter to the cardinals to whom it was as-
cribed, for which reason alone his edition was put
in the " Index," no other edition being similarly
honoured ; and this sufficiently refutes a statement
of Schelhorn, in his letter to Cardinal Quirinus,
upon which much reliance has been placed by
those whom Novus would regard as sharers of his
opinion.
The appearance of the editions at Cologne and
Strasburg in 1538, testifies to the speed with
which the Consilium reached Germany. Sleidan
-asserts that, when it was published there, some
fancied it to be fictitious, and intended to ridicule
jboth the Pope and the Reformation ; but others,
that it was a device of the Pope to gain credit for
not being hostile to the correction of certain con-
fessed abuses. In the next year, on July 16th,
Aleander wrote to Cochlaeus thus :
" Multa haberem scribere de Republica, sed mail
custodesestis rerum arcanarum, Consiliis Cardinalium
promulgatis, cum invectiva Sthrmii, manibus hominum
teritur, antequam vel auctoribus edita, vel execution!
fuerit demandata."
Which passage might be regarded as decisive of
the question of genuineness, since Aleander was
one of the Cardinales delecti whose names are ap-
pended to the Consilium.
That Le Plat should insert a copy in his Monu-
ment, ad Hist. Condi. Trident, potius illustr. spect.,
may, perhaps, be considered an unsatisfactory ar-
gument ; and the same will certainly be thought
of the use of it by Sarpi. But Pallavicini is a
witness not obnoxious to objections which apply
to them, and he says :
" It happened by Divine Providence, that this Con-
silium was published, since it showed what were in fact
the deepest wounds in the discipline of the Church, as-
certained with great diligence, and exposed with the
utmost freedom by men of incomparable zeal and know-
ledge. And these were neither falsity of dogmas, nor
corruption of the Scriptures, nor wickedness of laws,
nor politic craft beneath the garb of humility, nor im-
pure vices, as the Lutherans asserted ; but too great
indulgence towards violations and abrogations of the
laws, which Luther far more licentiously abrogated,"
&c. Vide book iv. ch. v., at the end.
But Ranke's note upon a casual reference to
this document in book i. ch. ii. 2. of his History
of the Papacy, completely disposes of the question
of its genuineness, and therefore of its " serious-
ness " (to use one of Novus' phrases), when taken
in conjunction with what has gone before.
" Consilium, fyc.; printed more than once even at the
time, and important as pointing out the evil, so far
as it lay in the administration of discipline, precisely
and without reserve. Long after it had been printed,
the MS. remainec^ incorporated with the MSS. of the
Curia. "
Were it not that the assertion of !N"ovus is so
roundly made, and in a form that is sure to adhere
in the memories of readers sufficiently interested
in the subject to notice his communication, it
would have been enough to quote from one of the
works he refers to, as containing copies of the
Consilium, to expose the origin of his error ; and
this, now that I have shown it to be an error, I
crave your permission to do. This, then, is what
Brown says in his Appendix ad Fascicul. Rer.
Expetend. et Fugiend. (commonly cited as Fascicul.
vol. ii.}, ed. 1690, pp. 230, 231. :
" Saepius excusum est Consilium sequens, cum alibi,
turn hie Londini, A. n. 1 609, ex bibliotheca Wilh.
Crashavii, qui in Epistola dedicatoriu ad Rev mum D.
Tobiam Matthaeum Archiep. Eboracen. citat quaedam.
e Commentariis Espenca?i in Tit. cap. i. ad hoc Con-
silium ab omni fraudis et fictionis suspicione liberandum ; .
quasi prcesensisset Crashavius fore aliquando ut pro re,
omnino ficta et falsa censeretur ; cum id in novissimis
Conciliorum editionibus desiderari, et astute sup-
pressum esse viderat, ut cst in admonitione sua ad
Lectorem. Sed longe aliter res habebit ; suo cnim se
sorex prodidit indicia ; et Cochlceus ipse (qui nesciit pro
nobis mentiriy quantumvis in causa sud parum probus
aliquando), hujusce Consilii fidem ab omni lobe impro-
bitatis vindicavit et asseruit in historia sua de Actis et
Scriptis Lutheri, ad annum 1539, fol. 312. &c. edi-
tionis Colonien. 1568. editum est prasterea, hoc idem
Consilium, Parisiis, publica authoritate, una cum
Guliel. Durandi tractatu de rnodo Generalis Concilii
celebrandi ; Libello Clamengii de corrupto Ecclesiae
statu; Libello Cardinalis de Alliaco, de emendatione
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
129
Ecclesire ; et Gentian! Herveti oratione de reparanda.
Ecelesiastica disciplina (qua? omnia, excepto primo,
huic appendici inserentur), A.D. 1671. In hac nostra
editions sequimur viruni doctissimum et pium Her-
mannum Conringium ; adhibitis inultis aliis exem-
plaribus, qua? omnia simul in hoc uno leges. FiV
autem, Lector, ah'quid penilius de hoc Consilio rescire ?
adisis [c] P. Paulum Vergerium (invisum aliis sed cha-
rum nobis nomen), illiusque annotationes, in Catalogum
hzereticorum consule, fol. 251. tomi primi illius operum
Tubings editi, A.D. 1563, in 4to., et siquid noveris de
reliquorum tomorum editione, nos Anglos fac, qua?so,
certiores. [It would seem that the need of your
"N. & Q,." was felt long before any one thought of
supplying it.] Audi vero, interea, vel lege, Hermannum
Conringium."
And this is what that " learned and godly " man
says :
" Libellus ipse Cardinalis Capuani [Nicholas Schom-
berg], ut creditur, cura ad amicuoi in Germaniam
missus, mox anno 1539, et populari nostra et sua est
lingua per Lutherurn et Sturmiurn editus. Eundem
post vulgavit, cum acri ad Papam Paulum 17. (qui olim
fuerat auctoruni) praafatione, Petrus Paulus Vergerius,
postquam Protestantium partibus accessisset."
I will not add to the length of this Note by any
farther quotations ; but I am bound to say that if
those I have given do not satisfy Novus, he may
expect to be overwhelmed by confirmations of
them. B. B. WOODWARD.
Bungay, Suffolk.
JOHN BUNYAN.
(Vol. ix., p. 104.)
A highly respected correspondent, DR. S. R.
MAITLAND, has seen an advertisement in the Mer-
curius Reformatw of June 11, 1690, announcing
the intention of Bunyan's widow to publish ten ma-
nuscripts which her husband had left prepared for
the press, together with some of his printed treatises
which had become scarce. He inquires whether
such a publication took place. In reply I beg leave
to state that they were published in a small folio,
containing "ten [and two fragments] of his excel-
lent manuscripts, and ten of his choice books for-
merly printed." The volume bears the title of
" The Works of that eminent Servant of Christ
Mr. John Bunyan, late Minister of the Gospel
and Pastor of the Congregation at Bedford. The
first volume. London, by Wm. Marshall, 1692."
It h?.s the portrait by Sturt, and an impression
from the original curious copper-plate inscribed,
" A Mapp, showing the order and causes of Sal-
vation and Damnation." In addition to the Mer-
curitts, John Dimton and others noticed, in terms
of warm approval, the intended publication, which
became extensively patronised, but has now be-
come very scarce.
To the lovers of Bunyan it is peculiarly inter-
esting, being accompanied by a tract called " The
Struggler," written by one of his affectionate and
intimate friends, the Rev. C. Doe, containing a
list of Bunyan's works, with the time when each
of them was published, some personal character-
istic anecdotes, and thirty reasons why all decided
Christians should read and circulate these invalu-
able treatises. A copy presented to me by my
worthy friend the late Mr. Creasy of Sleaford,
which is in remarkably fine condition, has on the
title to the Index a printed dedication to Sir John
Hartop of Newington, the patron and friend of
Dr. Watts. This volume was to have been fol-
lowed by a second, to complete Bunyan's works,
but difficulties arose as to the copyright of the
more popular pieces, which prevented its publi-
cation. The original prospectus is preserved in
the British Museum, which, with " The Strug-
gler" and a new index to the whole of these truly
excellent treatises, is reprinted in my edition of
Bunyan's whole works for the first time collected
and published, with his Life, in three volumes im-
perial 8vo., illustrated with fac-similes of all the
old woodcuts and many elegant steel plates.
GEORGE OFFOR.
Hackney.
THE ASTEROIDS, ETC.
(Vol. ix., p. 36.)
It is certainly an uncomfortable idea to sup-
pose that the asteroids are the fragments of a former
world, perhaps accompanied with satellites which
have been scattered either by internal convulsion
or external violence. By looking into the con-
stitution and powers contained within our own
earth, we know that the means are not wanting
to rend us asunder under the combined effects of
volcanic action, intense heat, and water, meeting
deep within the substance of the earth under great
pressure.
However, there is much to be said against the
theory of Olbers, notwithstanding its plausibility.
The distance between the internal asteroid Flora,
and the external one Hygeia, exceeds ninety mil-
lions of miles ; or nearly the distance between the
earth and the sun. The force which could shatter
a world into fragments, and drive them asunder
to such an extent, must indeed be tremendous.
Mr. Hind has drawn attention to the singular
fact, that the asteroids "appear to separate the
planets of small mass from the greater bodies of
the system, the planets which rotate on their axes
in about the same time as our earth from those
which are whirled round in less than half that
time, though of ten times the diameter of the
earth ; and," he continues, " it may yet be found
that these small bodies, so far from being portions
130
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
of the wreck of a planet, were created in their
present state for some wise purpose, which the
progress of astronomy in future ages may even-
tually unfold."
One thing I think is certain, that no disruption
of a world belonging to our system could take
place without producing some perceptible effect
upon every other member of the system. The
single centre of attraction being suddenly diffused
and spread abroad into many smaller ones, at
variable distances, must produce a sudden sway
and alteration of position in all the other planets,
and, to a certain extent, derange their respective
economies. From this some striking changes
would necessarily arise, such as in the length of
their respective periods of revolution, the amount
of light and heat, and other physical conditions.
Certain geological phenomena should be found to
confirm such a change, if these suppositions be
true.
As far as the theological part of the question is
concerned, it is, I should think, opposed to Gibers'
theory. Human intellect can scarcely conceive
the necessity for the utter breaking up of a globe,
even for the most grievous amount of sin. A
more merciful dispensation was granted to our
earth in the deluge ; and the Power which removed
all but eight lives from the earth could have
equally removed the eight also, without destroy-
ing the integrity of the globe. It is as easy, and
far more reasonable I think, to suppose, that the
same Power which gave to Saturn a satellite nearly
equal in size to Mars, should throw a cluster of
minute planetoids into the space which, according
to Bodes' empirical law, should have been devoted
to one planet of larger dimensions.
Whilst addressing you on astronomical subjects,
I would beg leave to offer a few remarks upon
Saturn, which I have not observed in any work
on astronomy which I have yet consulted. This
planet, with its satellites, appear to exhibit a close
resemblance to the solar system, just as if it were
a model of it.
Besides his rings, Saturn is attended by eight
satellites, so far as is at present known. The names
of the satellites in their order from the body of
the planet, are : 1. Mimas, 2. Euceladus, 3. Tethys,
4. Dione, 5. Rhea, 6. Titan, 7. Hyperion, 8. Ja-
petus. If we place them in a list in their order,
and overagainst each place^he names of the planets
in their order from the sun, certain parallelisms
will appear :
1. Mimas - - 1. Mercury.
2. Euceladus - -2. Venus.
3. Tethys - 3. Earth.
4. Dione - - - 4. Mars.
5. Rhea - - 5. Asteroids.
6. Titan - -6. Jupiter.
7. Hyperion - - 7. Saturn.
8. Japetus - - - 8. Uranus.
The relative magnitudes and relative positions
of these bodies correspond in many points, I be-
lieve, so far as is at present known. Titan, like
Jupiter, is the largest of his system ; being but
little less in size than the primary planet Mars.
The next in magnitude is Japetus. Rhea is sup-
posed to be of considerable size. The four inner
ones are smaller than the others. Sir William
Herschell considered that Tethys was larger than
Euceladus, and Euceladus larger than Mimas.
Dione and Hyperion have not yet been well esti-
mated. These dimensions, if correct, correspond
in many points with those of the planets. The
first three satellites revolve in orbits of less dia-
meter than that of our moon. The orbit of Dione,
the fourth satellite, is almost precisely at the same
distance from its primary as the moon is from the
earth. As if to carry out the parallelism to the
utmost, the zodiacal light of the sun has often
been compared to the ring of Saturn.
One remark it would appear arises out of these
observations, viz. that the laws of attraction and
gravitation seem to require, for the proper regu-
lation of the whole system, that where a number of
bodies of various sizes revolve round one common
centre, the larger body should revolve at a cer-
tain relative distance from that centre. Thus
Titan, like a huge pendulum, seems to sway and
maintain the regularity of the minor system, just
aa Jupiter may be imagined to do in the great one.
I must not intrude too far on your valuable
space, but there remain some interesting point*
for discussion in the Saturnian system.
JOHN WILLIAM HARRIS.
Exon.
CAPS AT CAMBRIDGE.
(Vol. ix., p. 27.)
The extract from an unpublished MS. given by
A REGENT M.A. or CAMBRIDGE refers to the year
1620, as will appear from the following passages
in Anthony a Wood's Hist, and Antiq. of Univ. of
Oxford.
" 1614. In the latter end of the last and beginning
of this year, a spirit of sedition (as I may so call it)
possessed certain of the Regent Masters against the
Vicechanc. and Doctors. The chief and only matter
that excited them to it was their sitting like boys, bare-
headed, in the Convocation-House, at the usual assem-
blies there, which was not, as 'twas thought, so fit, that
the Professors of the Faculty of Arts (on which the
University was founded) should, all things considered,
do it. The most forward person among them, named
Henry Wightwicke, of Gloucester Hall, having had
some intimation of a statute which enabled them to be
covered with their caps, and discovering also some-
thing in the large west window of St. Mary's Church,
where pictures of Regents and non- Regents were sit-
ting covered in assemblies before the Chancellor, clapt
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
131
on his cap, and spared not to excite his brethren to
vindicate that custom, now in a manner forgotten ;
and, having got over one of the Regents to be more
zealous in the matter than himself, procured the hands
of most, if not all, of them to be set to a petition (in
order to be sent to the Chancellor of the University),
for the effecting and bringing about the matter. But
the Vicechancellor, Dr. Singleton, having had timely
notice of the design, sends a full relation of the matter
to the Chancellor; whereupon answer was returned,
that he should deal therein as he should think fit.
Wightwicke, therefore, being called into question for
endeavouring to subvert the honour and government
of the University, whereby he ran himself into perjury
(he having before taken an oath to keep and maintain
the rites, customs, and privileges of the University),
was banished, and his party, who had proved false to
him, severely checkt by the Chancellor.
" At length Wightwicke's friends, laying open to him
the danger that he would run himself into, if he should
not seek restauration and submit, did, after his peevish
and rash humour had been much courted to it, put up
a petition (subscribed in his behalf by the Bishop of
London and Sir John Bennett) to the Chancellor of
the University for his restauration, which being with
much ado granted, but with this condition, that he
make an humble recantation in the Convocation, sent
to his Vicechancellor what should be done in the
matter, and among other things thus : ' For the
manner of his submission and recognition which he
is to make, I will not take upon me to direct, but
leave yt wholy unto your wisdomes, as well for manner
as for the matter ; only thus much generally I will in-
timate unto you, that the affront and offence com-
mitted by Whittwicke in the Congregation House by
his late insolent carriage there was very great and
notorious, and that offence afterwards seconded and
redoubled by another as ill or worse than the former,
in his seditious practizing and procuring a multitude of
handes, thereby thinking to justifie and maintain his
former errors, and his proud and insolent disobedience
and contempt. I hold yt therefore very requisite that
his submission and recognition, both of the one fault
and of the other, should be as publique and as humble
as possibly with conveniencye may bee. Which being
thus openly done, as I hope yt will bee a good example
to others, to deter them from committing the like of-
fence hereafter, so I do also wishe this his punishment
may be only ad correctionem et non ad destructionem.'
" This being the effect of the Chancellor's mind,
Wightwicke was summoned to appear to make his
submission in the next Convocation, which being held
25 June this year, he placed himself in the middle of
St. Mary's chancel, and spoke with an audible voice as
followeth :
"' Ornatissime Domine Procancellarie, vosque Do-
mini Doctores pientissimi, quotquot me vel bannien-
dum vel bannitionem meam ratam esse voluistis ut
vobis omnibus et singulis innotescat discupio : me
Henricum Whitwicke pileum coram Domino Vice-
cancellario Thoma Singleton capiti baud ita pridem
imposuisse, quod nemini Magistrorum in Congrega-
ione yel Convocatione [in presentia Domini Vicecan-
cellarii aut Doctoris alicujus] licere fateor. Scitote
quaeso praeterea, me supradictum Henricum a sen-
tentia Domini Vicecancellarii ad venerabilem Domum
Congregationis provocasse, quod nee licitum nee
honestum esse in causa perturbationis pacis facile con-
cedo. Scitote denique me solum, manus Academi-
corum egregie merentium Theologia Baccalaureorum
et in Artibus Magistrorum in hac corona astantium
Collegiatim et Aulatim cursitando rescripto appo-
nendas curasse, in quibus omnibus Praefectis [summe]
displicuisse, in pacem almae hujus Academia? et in dig-
nissimum nostrum Procancellarium deliquisse, parum
nolenti ammo confiteor, et sanctitates vestras humillime
imploro, ut qua? vel temere et inconsulto, vel volenter
et scienter feci, ea, ut deceat homines, condonentur.
HENRICUS WIGHTWICKE.'
Which submission or recognition being ended, he
was restored to his former state, and so forthwith re-
assumed his place. But this person, who was lately
beneficed at Kingerbury in Lincolnshire, could never
be convinced, when he became Master of Pembroke
College, forty-six years after this time, that he made
any submission at all, but carried the business on and
effected it against all the University ; as to his young
acquaintance that came often to visit him and he them
(for he delighted in boyish company), he would, after
a pedantical way, boast, supposing perhaps that, having
been so many years before acted, no person could re-
member it ; but record will rise up and justify matters
when names and families are quite extirpated and for-
gotten among men. Pray see more of this cap-business
in the year 1620."
" 1620. In the beginning of Michaelmas Term fol-
lowing, the cap-business, mentioned an. 1614, was re-
newed again : for some disrelishment of the former
transactions remaining behind, the Regent Masters
met together several times for the effecting their de-
signs. At length, after much ado, they drew up a
petition subscribed by fifty-three of the senior Masters
for this year, and presented it to one whom they knew
would not be violent against them, as Dr. Singleton
was before. The beginning of it runs thus :
" ' Reverendissimo Viro Domino Doctori Prideaux
ornatissimo hujus Academia? Vicecan. digniss, &c.
" ' Multa jamjudum sunt (reverendissime Vicecan-
cellarie) qua? ab antiquis hujus Academiae institutis
salubriter profecta, mala tandem consuetude, et in
pejus potens aut abrogavit penitus aut pessime corru-
pit, &c/
" Among those that subscribed to it were these fol-
lowing, that afterwards became persons of note, viz.
Gilbert Sheldon, Alexand. Gill, jun., and Anthony
Farndon, of Trinity Coll. ; Pet, Heylin of Magd.
Coll. [Robert Newlin of C. C. Q, &c.]. The chief
solicitor of the business was Rous Clopton of Corpus
Ch. Coll., a restless, busy person, and one afterwards
as much noted for his infamy as any of the former for
their learning or place. This petition, I say, being
presented to Dr. Prideaux the Vicechancellor, and he
considering well their several reasons for their sitting
covered (one of which was that they were Judges in
Congregations and Convocations), sent it to the Chan-
cellor to have his consent, who also, after he had con-
sidered of it, wrote a letter to the Vicechancellor, to
132
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
be communicated to the Convocation : the chief con-
tents of which are these :
" < After my very harty commendations, I doe take
this manner of proceeding by the Regent Masters (for
their sitting covered at Congregations and Convo-
cations) in soe good part, that although I might well
take some time to advise before I give answer, espe-
cially when I consider how long that custom hath con-
tinued, how much it hath been questioned, and that
upon a long debate it hath been withstood by so grave
and wise a Counsellor of State as your late Chancellor,
my immediate predecessor ; yet, when I weigh their
undoubted right, their discreet and orderly proceedings
to seek it, not to take it, the chief, if not the only,
cause why it was formerly denied ; the good congruity
this doth beare, not with Cambridge alone (though
that were motive enough), but all other places, it
being no where seen that those that are admitted
Judges are required to sit bare-headed ; I cannot
choose but commend and thus farre yield to theire
request as to referre it to the Convocation House. I
hope no man can have cause to think that I have not
the power to continew this custom as well as some
others of my predecessors, if I had a mind to strive ;
nor that I seek after their applause in yielding them
that now, which hath been so long kept from them,
but the respect I have to their due, to the decency of
the place, and honour of the University, which I can-
not conceive to bee anyway diminished, but rather in-
creased, by their sitting covered, are the only reasons
that have moved me, and carried me to so quick a
resolution, wherewith you may acquaint the Convoca-
tion House with this also, that what they shall con-
clude I shall willingly agree to. And soe I doe very
hartely take leave, and rest
Your assured loving friend,
PEMBROOKE.
Baynard's Castle,
this 4 of December, 1620.'
Which letter being publickly read in a Convocation
held 20 Dec., it was then agreed upon by the consent
of all there present, that all Masters of what condition
soever might put on their caps in Congregations and
Convocations, yet with these conditions : That in the
said assemblies the said Masters should use only square
caps, and not sit bare, or without cap. And if any
were found faulty in these matters, or that they should
bring their hats in the said Assemblies, they should
not only lose their suffrages for that time, but be
punished as the Vicechancellor should think fit.
Lastly, it was decreed, under the said conditions and
no otherwise, that in the next Congregation in the
beginning of Hilary Term, and so for ever after, all
Masters, of what condition soever, whether Regents or
not Regents, should, in Congregations and Convoca-
tions, put on and use square caps.
" All that shall be said more of this matter is, that
the loss of using caps arose from the negligence of the
Masters, who, to avoid the pains of bringing their caps
with them, would sit bare-headed ; which being used
by some, was at length followed by all, and so at length
became a custom."
It would seem, from Lord Pembroke's letter,
that the right of the senate of this university to
wear their caps had not been questioned.
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
RUSSIA, TURKEY, AND THE BLACK SEA.
(Vol. ix., p. 103.)
Statements and complaints have often been made
respecting the imperfect knowledge possessed by
English navigators of the shores and coasts of the
Black Sea, and of the great danger thence arising
to ships and fleets from England, which would
thus seem to be without the charts necessary for
their guidance. The Guardian newspaper reite-
rates these complaints in its number for Jan. 11.
This deficiency of charts, however, ought not to
exist, and probably does not ; since, no doubt,
the English and French Governments would take
care to supply them at the present time. As
respects England, Dr. E. D. Clarke, in his well-
known Travels in Russia, 8fc. (see vol. i. 4th edit.,
8vo., London, 1816, Preface, p. x.), states that he
brought
" Certain documents with him from Odessa, at the
hazard of his IHe, and deposited within a British
Admiralty."
These documents, we are led naturally to infer,
were charts ; for he adds :
" They may serve to facilitate the navigation of the
Russian coasts of the Black Sea, if ever the welfare of
Great Britain should demand the presence of her fleets
in that part of the world."
Happening to meet with this passage, in con-
sulting Dr. Clarke's Travels, at the beginning of
December, when the Fleets of Great Britain and
France were on the point of entering the Black
Sea, and having read in many quarters fears ex-
pressed for the fleets from the want of charts, I
ventured to copy out the passage relating to these
remarkable documents, and sent it to Lord Aber-
deen ; in case, from the alleged poverty of charts
in the Admiralty Catalogues (see The Guardian,
Jan. 11.), Dr. Clarke's "documents" should have
fallen out of sight, and were forgotten. No notice,
however, was taken of my communication ; from
which I concluded that it was wholly valueless.
JOHN MACRAY.
Oxford.
HIGH DUTCH AND LOW DUTCH.
(Vol. viii., pp. 478. 601.)
If "N. & Q." were the publication in which
questions were cursorily settled, the answer of
JAMES SPENCE HARRY (p. 478.) might suffice
with regard to the Query of S. C. P. (p. 413.) ;
but your correspondent E. C. H., who seems also
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
133
to know something about the matter, wishes for
German evidence.
Should your correspondents JAMES S. HARRY
and E. C. H. be acquainted (and I doubt not but
they are) with the song, in which a German in-
quires "What is his native land?" and having
called over some of the principalities, as Prussia,
Suabia, Bavaria, Pomerania, Westphalia, Swit-
zerland, Tyrol, he cries disdainfully, " No ! no !
no ! my fatherland must be greater :" at last,
despairing, he asks to name him that land, and
is answered, " Wherever the German tongue is
heard:" should JAMES S. HARRY and E. C. H.
recollect these words, they will conceive that such
a people must have several tribes, and each tribe
their peculiar dialect, founded on prescribed rules,
and to which individually equal justice is due.
The dialects of the Deutsche Sprache, the
German language, are the Ober Deutsche and
Nieder Deutsche, Upper German and Low Ger-
man : from the former dialect has, in course of
time, proceeded the Hoch Deutsche Sprache, the
High German language, now used exclusively as
the book language by the more educated classes
throughout Germany.
The principal dialects of the Ober Deutsche
are the following :
1. The Allemanic, spoken in Switzerland and
the Upper Rhine.
2. The Suabian, spoken in the countries be-
tween the Black Forest and the River Lech.
3. The Bavarian, spoken in the South of Ba-
varia and Austria.
4. The Franconian, spoken in the North of
Bavaria, Hessen, and the Middle Rhine.
5. The Upper Saxon or Misnian, spoken in the
plains of Saxony and Thtiringia.
These dialects differ from each other, and parti-
cularly from the High German language, with
regard to their elements.
The Ober Deutsche dialects differ from each
other by the introduction of peculiar vowels.
The Nieder Deutsche is distinguished from the
Ober Deutsche by the shifting of consonants:
ex.gr. :
OBER DEUTSCHE DIALECTS.
NIEDER DEUTSCHE DIALECTS.
High
German.
Allem.
Suab.
Bavar.
Franc.
Upper
Saxony.
Lower
Saxony.
Hollandisch.
English.
wein.
wi.
wai.
wai.
wein.
wein.
win.
wein.
wine.
stein.
stein.
stoi.
stoa.
staan.
steen.
steen.
steen.
stone.
weit.
wit.
wait.
wait.
weit.
weit.
wet
weid.
wide.
breit.
breit.
broit.
broat.
braat.
breet.
breet.
breed.
broad.
haus.
hus.
haus.
haus.
haus.
haus.
hus.
huis.
house.
kaufen.
kaufen.
koufen.
kafen.
kafen.
koofen.
koopen.
koopen.
to buy.
feuer.
Kir,
fuir.
foir.
fair.
foier.
fiir.
fur.
fire.
kirche.
chilche.
kieche.
kirche.
kerche.
kerche.
kerke.
kerk.
church.
herz.
herz.
heaz.
herz.
harz.
harz.
hart.
hart.
heart.
I grosz.
grosz.
grausz.
grusz.
grausz.
grusz.
groot.'
groot.
great.
buch.
buech.
buacb.
buech.
bouch.
buch.
book.
boek.
book.
I have introduced here, as a dialect of the
Nieder Deutsche, the Dutch = Hollandisch, the
language spoken by the people of the Neder-
landen == Niederlande = Netherlands.
The Nieder Deutsche dialect is also spoken in
Westphalia, and along the river Weser, &c.
All these dialects have also their own words, or
at least their peculiar meanings of words, as well
as particular modes of expression, and these are to
be considered as provincialisms.
PROFESSOR GOEDES DE GRUTER.
134
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Da. MANSELL having forwarded to me for publication
the accompanying account of his mode of operation, I
have much pleasure in laying it before the readers of
" N. & Q. ; " because my friend DR. MANSELL is not
only so fortunate in his results, but is one of the most
careful and correct manipulators in our art. The pro-
portions which he recommends, and his mode of ope-
rating, are, it will be seen, somewhat different from
those hitherto published. In writing to me he says :
" I make a point of making a short note in the evening
of the day's experiments, a plan involving very little
trouble, but of great service as a reference." If all
photographers would adopt this simple plan, how much
good would result ! DR. M. complains to me of the
constant variation he has found in collodion ; (with
your permission, I will in your pages furnish him, and
all your readers, with some plain directions on this
point) ; and he has given me some excellent observ-
ations on the " fashionable " waxed-paper process, in
which he has not met with such good results as he had
anticipated ; although with much experience which
may some day turn to good account. DR. MANSELL
concludes with an observation in which I entirely con-
cur, viz. " That the calotype process is by far the most
useful ; and I find the pictures it gives have better
effect than the wax ones, which always to me appear
flat, even when they are not gravelly."
H. W. DIAMOND.
The Calotype on the Sea-shore. The great quan-
tity of blue light reflected from the sea renders calo-
typing in its vicinity much more difficult than in the
country ; the more distant the object, the greater depth
has the blue veil which floats over it, and as a conse-
quence of this disproportion, if time enough is given
in the camera to bring out the foreground, the sky be-
comes red, and the distance obscured. After constant
failures with papers iodized in the usual manner, I
made a number of experiments to obtain a paper that
would stand the camera long enough to satisfy the
required conditions, and the result was the following
method, which gives an intensity of blacks and half-
tones, with a solidity and uniform depth over large
portions of sky, greater than I have seen produced by
any other process. Since I adopted it, in the autumn
of 1852, I have scarcely had a failure, and this success
induces me to recommend it to those who, like myself,
work in highly actinising localities.
The object of the following plan is to impregnate
the paper evenly with a strong body of iodide of silver.
I prefer iodizing by the single process, and for this
purpose use a strong solution, of iodide of silver, as the
paper when finished ought to have, as nearly as pos-
sible, the colour of pure iodide of silver.
Take 100 grains of nitrate of silver, and 100 grains
of iodide of potassium *, dissolve each in two ounces of
* Having lately prepared this solution according
to the formula given by DR. DIAMOND (Vol. viii.,
p. 597.), in which it required 650 grains to dissolve
the 60-grain precipitate, we were inclined to think our
correspondent had formed a wrong calculation, as the
difference appeared so little for a solution more than
distilled water, pour the iodide solution into the nitrate
of silver, wash the precipitate in three distilled waters,
pour off the fluid, and dissolve it in a solution of iodide
of potassium, about 680 grains are required, making
the whole up to four ounces.
Having cut the paper somewhat larger than the
| picture, turn up the edges so as to form a dish, and
| placing it on a board, pour into it the iodide solution,
abundantly, guiding it equally over the surface with a
camel-hair pencil ; continue to wave it to and fro for
five minutes, then pour off the surplus, which serves
over and over again, and after dripping the paper, lay
it to dry on a round surface, so that it dries equally
fast all over ; when almost dry it is well to give it a
sight of the fire, to finish off those parts which remain
wet longest, but not more than just to surface dry it.
Immerse it in common rain-water, often changing it,
and in about twenty minutes all the iodide of potash
is removed. To ascertain this, take up some of the
last water in a glass, and add to it a few drops of a
strong solution of bichloride of mercury in alcohol, the
least trace of hydriodate of potash is detected by a pre-
cipitate of iodide of mercury. A solution of nitrate of
silver is no test whatever unless distilled water is used,
as ordinary water almost invariably contains muriates.
The sooner the washing is over the better. Pin up
the paper to drip, and finish drying before a slow fire,
turning it. If hung up to dry by a corner, the parts
longest wet are always weaker than those that dry first.
When dry pass a nearly cold iron over the back, to
smooth it ; if well made it has a fine primrose colour,
and is perfectly even by transmitted light.
To excite the paper, take distilled water two drachms,
drop into it four drops (not minims) of saturated so-
lution of gallic acid, and eight drops (not minims) of
the aceto-nitrate solution; mix. Always dilute the
gallic acid by dropping it into the water before the
aceto-nitrate ; gallate of silver is less readily formed,
and the paper keeps longer in hot weather. If the
temperature is under sixty degrees, use five drops of
gallic acid, and ten of aceto-nitrate ; if above seventy
degrees, use only three drops of gallic acid, and seven
of aceto-nitrate. The aceto-nitrate solution consists of
nitrate of silver fifty grains, glacial acetic acid two
drachms, distilled water one ounce.
Having pinned the paper by two adjacent corners
to a deal board, the eighth of an inch smaller on each
side than it is, to prevent the solutions getting to the
back, lay on the gallo-nitrate abundantly with a soft
cotton brush (made by wedging a portion of fine cotton
into a cork) ; and keep the solution from pooling, by
using the brush with a very light hand. In about two
minutes the paper has imbibed it evenly, and lies dead ;
blot it up, and allow it to dry in a box, or place it at
once in the paper-holder. For fear of stains on the
one-third stronger. We found upon accurately follow-
ing DR. MANSELL'S instructions, that it required 734
grains of iodide of potassium to effect a solution, whilst
we have at the same time dissolved the quantity recom-
mended by DR. DIAMOND with 598 grains. This little
experiment is a useful lesson to our correspondents,
exhibiting as it does the constantly varying strength of
supposed pure chemicals. ED. * N. & Q."]
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
135
back, it is better to place on the board a clean sheet of
ordinary paper for every picture. It is very important
to have the glass, in which the gallo-nitrate is made,
chemically clean ; every time it is used, it should be
washed with strong nitric acid, and then with distilled
water.
To develop : Pin the paper on the board as before ;
rapidly brush over it a solution of gallo-nitrate, as
used to excite. As soon as the picture appears, in
about a minute, pour on a saturated solution of gallic
acid abundantly, and keep it from pooling with the
brush, using it with a very light hand. In about ten
minutes the picture is fully developed. If very slow
in coming out, a few drops of pure aceto-nitrate brushed
over the surface will rapidly bring out the picture ;
but this is seldom required, and it will sometimes
brown the whites. It is better, as soon as the gallic
acid has been applied, to put the picture away from
the light of the candle in a box or drawer, there to
develop quietly, watching its progress every three or
four minutes ; the surface is to be refreshed by a few
light touches of the brush, adding more gallic acid if
necessary. Many good negatives are spoiled by over-
fidgetting in this part of the process. When the pic-
ture is fully out, wash, &c. as usual ; the iodide of
silver is rapidly removed by a saturated solution of
hyposulphite of soda, which acts much less on the
weaker blacks than it does if diluted.
If the picture will not develop, from too short ex-
posure in the camera, a solution of pyrogallic acid, as
DR. DIAMOND recommends, after the gallic acid has
done its utmost, greatly increases the strength of the
blacks : it slightly reddens the whites, but not in the
same ratio that it deepens the blacks.
After the first wash with gallo-nitrate, it is essential
to develop these strongly iodized papers with gallic
acid only ; the half-and-half mixture of aceto-nitrate
and gallic acid, which works well with weaker papers,
turns these red.
The paper I use is Whatman's 1849. Turner's
paper, Chafford Mills, if two or three years old, an-
swers equally well. M. L. MANSELL, A.B. M.D.
Guernsey, Jan. 30, 1854.
to
Ned o" the Todding (Vol. ix., p. 36.). In an-
swer to the inquiry of W. T., I beg to say that he
will find the thrilling narrative of poor Ned of
the Toddin in Southey's Espriellcts Letters from
England, vol. ii. p. 42. ; but I am not aware of any
lines with the above heading, by which I presume
W. T. to be in search of some poetical rendering
of the tale. j\ Q. jj.
Hour-glasses and Inscriptions on old Pulpits
(Vol. ix., pp. 31. 64.). In St. Edmund's Church,
South Burlingham, stands an elegant pulpit of the
fifteenth century, painted red and blue, and re-
,
i With gildin ' On ft there still remains an
a hour-glass, though such appendages were not
introduced till some centuries probably after the
erection of this pulpit. The following legend goes
round the upper part of this pulpit, in the old
English character :
" Inter natos mulierum non surrexit major Johanne
Baptista."
F.C.H.
Table-turning (Vol. ix., pp. 39. 88.). I have
not Ammianus Marcellinus within reach, but, if I
am not mistaken, after the table had been got into
motion, the oracle was actually given by means of
a ring. This being held over, suspended by a
thread, oscillated or leaped from one to another of
the letters of the alphabet which were engraved on
the edge of the table, or that which covered it.
The passage would not occupy many lines, and I
think that many readers of " 1ST. & Q." would be
interested if some one of its learned correspondents
would furnish a copy of it, with a close English
translation. N. B.
11 Firm was their faith" (Vol. ix., p. 17.).
Grateful as I am to all who think well enough of
my verses to discuss them in " N. & Q.," yet I
cannot permit them to be incorrectly quoted or
wrongly revised. If, as F. R. R. alleges, I had
written in the third line of the stanza quoted
" with firm and trusting hands" then I should
have repeated the same epithet (Jtrni) twice in
three lines. Whereas I wrote, as a reference to
Echoes from Old Cornwall, p. 58., will establish,
stern. R. S. HAWKER.
The Wilbraham Cheshire MS. (Vol. viii.,
pp. 270. 303.). With regard to this highly curious
MS., I am enabled to state that it is still preserved
at Delamere House, the seat of George Fortescue
Wilbraham, Esq., by whom it has been continued
down to the present time. Mr. Wilbraham has
answered this Query himself, but from some acci-
dent his reply did not appear in the pages of
" N. & Q." I therefore, having recently seen the
MS., take this opportunity of assuring your
querist of its existence.
W. J. BERNHABD SMITH.
Temple.
Househunt (Vol. viii., pp. 516. 606. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 65.). This animal is well known by this name
in Norfolk, where the marten is very rare, if not
entirely unknown. The Norfolk mousehunt, or
mousehunter, is the Mustela vulgaris. (Vide Forby's
Vocab. of East Anglia, vol. ii. p. 222., who errs,
however, in calling it the stoat, but says that it is
the "smallest animal of the weasel tribe, and
pursues the smallest prey.") It would be of much
use, both to naturalists and others, if our zoological
works would give the popular provincial names of
animals and birds ; collectors might then more
easily procure specimens from labourers, &c. I
have formed a list of Norfolk names for birds,
136
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
which shall appear in " N. & Q." if desired. The
Norfolk Mustelida in order of size are the " poll-
cat," or weasel; the stoat, or carre; the mouse-
hunt, mousehunter, or lobster. A popular notion
of gamekeepers is, that pollcats add a new lobe to
their livers every year of their lives ; but the dis-
gusting smell of the animal prevents examining
this point by dissection. E. G. R.
If Fennell's Natural History of Quadrupeds be
correctly quoted, as it is stated to be " a very ex-
cellent and learned work," Mr. Fennell must have
been a better naturalist than geographer, for he
says of the beech marten :
" In Selkirkshire it has been observed to descend to
the shore at night time to feed upon mollusks, particu-
larly upon the large basket mussel (Mytilus modiolus)'*
Selkirkshire, as you well know, is an inland
county, nowhere approaching the sea by many
miles : I would fain hope, for Mr. Fenneli's sake,
that Selkirkshire is either a misprint or a misquo-
tation. J. Ss.
Begging the Question (Vol. viii., p. 640.). This
is a common logical fallacy, petitio principii ; and
the first known use of the phrase is to be found in
Aristotle, rl tv apxrj aiVe?<r0ai (Topics Jo. vin. ch.xiii.,
Bonn's edition), where the five ways of " begging
the question," as also the contraries thereof, are set
forth. In the Prior Analytics (b. u. ch. xvi.) he
gives one instance from mathematicians
"who fancy that they describe parallel lines, for
they deceive themselves by assuming such things as
they cannot demonstrate unless they are parallel.
Hence it occurs to those who thus syllogise to say that
each thing is, if it is ; and thus everything will be
known through itself, which is impossible."
T. J. BUCKTON.
Birmingham.
Termination " -ly n (Vol. viii., p. 105.). On
going over an alphabetical list of places from A
to G, I obtained these results :
Lincoln -
Leicester -
York
Northampton -
Cumberland
Norfolk -
Westmoreland -
Lancashire
Derby -
Nottingham
Sussex
65
21
24
9
7
6
3
2
2
2
Total
- 142
Results of a similar character were obtained in
reference to -thorp, -trop, -thrup, or -drop; Lin-
coln again heading the list, but closely followed
by Norfolk, then Leicester, Notts, &c. B. H. C.
German Tree (Vol. viii., p. 619. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 65.). ERYX has mistaken my Query owing to
its vagueness. When I said, " Is this the first
notice of a German tree in England?" I meant,
" Is this the first notice of a German-tree-in-Eng-
land ? " and not " Is this the first notice-in-Eng-
land of a German-tree ? " as ERYX understood it.
ZEUS.
Celtic Etymology (Vol. ix., p. 40.). If the h
must be "exhasperated" (as Matthews used to
say) in words adopted into the English language,
how does it happen that we never hear it in hour,
honour, heir, honest, and humour ? Will E. C. H.
be so kind as to inform me on this point ? With
regard to the word humble, in support of the h
being silent, I have seen it stated in a dictionary,
but by whom I cannot call to mind, in a list of
words nearly spelled alike, and whose sound is
the same :
" HUMBLE, low, submissive."
" UMBLES, the entrails of a deer."
Hence the point of the sarcasm " He will be made
to eat humble pie ;" and it serves in this instance
to show that the h is silent when the word is pro-
perly pronounced.
The two words isiol and irisiol, properly uirisiol t
which E. C. H. has stated to be the original Celtic
words signifying humble, have quite a different
meaning : for isiol is quietly, silently, without
noise ; and uirisiol means, sneaking, cringing,
crawling, terms which could not be applied with-
out injustice to a really humble honest person.
The Iberno-Phcenician umal bears in itself evi-
dence that it is not borrowed from any other
language, for the two syllables are intelligible
apart from each other; and the word can be at
once reduced to its root urn, to which the Sanscrit
word hshama, as given by E. C. H., bears no re-
semblance whatever. FRAS. CROSSLEY.
Recent Curiosities of Literature (Vol. ix., p. 31.).
^-Your correspondent MR. CUTHBERT BEDE has
done well in directing Mr. Thackeray's attention
to the error of substituting " candle" for " candle-
stick," at p. 47. of The Newcomes ; but it appears
that the author discovered the error, and made a
clumsy effort to rectify it ; for he elsewhere gives
us to understand, that she died of a wound in her
temple, occasioned by coming into contact with
the stone stairs. See H. Newcome's letter.
The following curiosity of literature lately ap-
peared in the London papers, in a biographical
notice of the late Viscount Beresford, which is
inserted in the Naval and Military Gazette of
January 14, 1854 :
" Of honorary badges he had, first, A cross depen-
dent from seven clasps : this indicated his having
been present in eleven battles during the Peninsular
War. His name was unaccountably omitted in the
FEB. 11. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
137
return of those present at Ciudad Rodrigo. When
Her Majesty gracefully extended the honorary dis-
tinctions to all the survivors of the great war, Lord
Beresford received the Peninsular medal, with two
clasps, for Egypt and Ciudad Rodrigo."
The expression should have been " the silver
medal," not "Peninsular; 1 ' as, among the names
of battles engraved on the clasps attached to the
silver war-medals, granted in 1849, will be found
the words " Martinique," " Fort Detroit," " Cha-
teauguay," " Chrystler's Farm," and " Egypt.
JUVERNA.
D. O. M. (Vol.iii., p. 173.). I am surprised
that there should be the least doubt that the
above are the initials of " Datur omnibus mori."
Dr. John Taylor (Vol. viii., p. 299.). There
are several errors in the communication of S. R.
He states that " Dr. John Taylor was buried^at
Kirkstead, Lancashire, where his tomb is distin-
guished by the following simple inscription."
1. Kirkstead is in Lincolnshire.
2. Dr. John Taylor lies interred in the burial-
ground attached to the Presbyterian Chapel at
Chowbent, near Bolton, in Lancashire.
3. The inscription on the tombstone is as
follows :
" Here is interred the Rev. John Taylor, D.D., of
Warrington, formerly of Norwich, who died March 5,
1761, aged 66."
4. The inscription given by S. R. is on a slab in
the chapel at Chowbent. I may add that this
inscription was drawn up by Dr. Enfield.
THOMAS BAKER.
Manchester.
Lines attributed to Hudibras (Vol. i., p. 211.).
** For he that fights and runs away,
May live to fight another day."
In so far as I can understand from the various
articles in " "N. & Q." regarding the above quo-
tation, it is to be found in the Musarum Delicice,
12mo., 1656. There is a copy of this volume now
lying before me, the title-page of which runs thus :
" Musarum Deliciae, or the Muses' Recreation ; con-
taining severall pieces of Poetique Wit. The second
edition, by S r J. M. and Ja. S. London : Printed by
J. G. for Henry Herringman, and are to be sold at his
Shop, at the Signe of the Anchor in the New Ex-
change, 1656."
This copy seems to have at one time belonged
to Longmans, as it is described in the Bib. An.
Poetica, having the signatures of " Orator Henly,"
"Ritson," and " J. Park." I have read this vo-
lume over carefully twice, and I must confess my
inability to find any such two lines as the above
noted, there. As I do not think Mr. Cunningham,
in his Handbook of London, or DR. RIMBATJLT.I
would mislead any one, I am afraid my copy,
being a second edition, may be incomplete ; and as
I certainly did not get the volume for nothing^
will either of these gentlemen, or any other of the
readers of " N. & Q.," who have seen other editions,
let me know this ?
There is a question asked by MELANION re-
garding the entire quotation, which I have not yet
seen answered, which is,
For he that fights and runs away,
May live to fight another day ;
But he that is in battle slain,
Can never hope to fight again."
Are these last two lines in the Musarum Delicice ?
or are these four lines to be found anywhere in
conjunction ? If this could be found, it would in
my opinion settle the question.
S. WMSON.
" Corporations have no Souls? frc. (Vol. viii.,
p. 587.). In Poynder's Literary Extracts, under
the title " Corporations," there occurs the follow-
ing passage :
" Lord Chancellor Thurlow said that corporations
have neither bodies to be punished, nor souls to be
condemned ; they therefore do as they like."
There are also two long extracts, one from Cow-
per's Task, book iv., and the other from the Life
of Wilberforce, vol. ii., Appendix, bearing on the
same subject. ARCH. WEIR.
Lord Mayor of London a Privy Councillor
(Vol. iv. passim). Mr. Serjeant Merewether,
Town Clerk to the Corporation of London, in his
examination before the City Corporation Com-
mission, said that it had been the practice from
time immemorial, to summon the Lord Mayor of
London to the first Privy Council held after the
demise of the crown. (The Standard, Jan. 13,
1854, p. i. col. 5.) L. HAKTLY.
Booty's Case (Vol.iii., p. 170.). A story re-
sembling that of " Old Booty " is to be found in
St. Gregory the Great's Dialogues, iii. 30., where
it is related that a hermit saw Theodoric thrown
into the crater of Lipari by two of his victims,
Pope John and Symmachus. J. C. R.
" Sat cito, si sat bene" (Vol. vii., p. 594.). St.
Jerome (Ep. Ixvi. 9., ed. Vallars) quotes this as
a maxim of Cato's. J"- C* R.
Celtic and Latin Languages (Vol. ix., p. 14.).
Allow me to suggest to T. H. T. that the word
Gallus, a Gaul, is not, of course, the same as the
Irish Gal, a stranger. Is it not rather the Latin
form of Gaoithil (pronounced Gael or Gaul), the
generic appellation of our Erse population? In
Welsh it is Gwydyl, to this day their term for an
Irishman.
138
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 224.
Gaoll, stranger, is used in Erie to denote a
foreign settler, e. g. the Earl of Caithness is Mor-
phear (pronounced Morar) Gaoll, the stranger
great man ; being lord of a corner of the land in-
habited by a foreign race.
Galloway, on the other hand, takes its name
from the Gael, being possessed by a colony of that
people from Kintyre, &c., who long retained the
name of the wild Scots* of Galloway, to distinguish
them from the Brets or British inhabitants of the
rest of the border. FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT, M.A.
Holy Trinity, Tewkesbury.
Brydone the Tourists Birth-place (Vol. vii.,
p. 108.). According to Chambers's Lives of Scots-
men, vol. i. p. 384., 1832, Brydone was the son of
a clergyman in the neighbourhood of Dumbarton,
where he was born in the year 1741. When he
came to England, he was engaged as travelling
preceptor by Mr. Beckford, to whom his Tour
through Sicily and Malta is addressed. In a copy
of this work, now before me, I find the following
remarks written in pencil :
These travels are written in a very plausible style,
but little dependence is to be placed upon their veracity.
Brydone never was on the summit of ^-Etna, although
he describes the prospect from it in such glowing
colours."
It is right to add, that the writer of these re-
marks was long a resident in Italy, and in constant
habits of intercourse with the most distinguished
scholars of that country. J. MACRAY.
Oxford.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The second volume of Murray's British Classics,
which is also the second of Mr. Cunningham's edition
of The Works of Oliver Goldsmith, fully justifies all we
said in commendation of its predecessor. It contains
Goldsmith's Enquiry into the State of Polite Literature
in Europe, and his admirable series of letters, entitled
The Citizen of the World. Mr. Cunningham tells us
that *' he has been careful to mark all Goldsmith's own
notes with his name ; " his predecessors having in
Some instances adopted them as their own, and in
others omitted them altogether, although they are at
times curiously illustrative of the text. We are glad
to see that Mr. Murray announces a new edition, re-
vised and greatly enlarged, 01* Mr. Foster's valuable
Life of Goldsmith, uniform with the present collection
of Goldsmith's writings.
Memorials of the Canynges Family and their Times ;
Westbury College, Reddiffe Church, and Chatter ton, by
George Pryce, is the somewhat abbreviated title of a
goodly octavo volume, on which Mr. Pryce has bestowed
* Scot or Scott is applied only to the men of Gaelic
extraction in our old records.
great industry and research, and by which he hopes to
clear away the mists of error which have overshadowed
the story of the Canynges family during the Middle
Ages, and to show their connexion with the erection
or restoration of Westbury College and Redcliff
Church. As Mr. Pryce has some few inedited memo-
randa relating to Chatterton, he has done well to in-
corporate them in a volume dedicated in some measure
to the history of Bristol's " Merchant Prince."
Poetical Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey,
Minor Contemporaneous Poets, and Thomas Sackville,
Lord Bttckhurst, edited by Robert Bell, forms the
second volume of Parker's Annotated Edition of the
British Poets. Availing himself, very properly, of the
labours of his predecessors, Mr. Bell has given us very
agreeable and valuable memoirs of Surrey and Buck-
hurst ; and we have no doubt that this cheap edition
of their works will be the means of putting them into
the hands of many readers to whom they were before
almost entirely unknown.
The Library Committee of the Society of Anti-
quaries, having had under their consideration the state
of the engraved portraits in the possession of the So-
ciety, consulted one of the Fellows, Mr. W. Smith, as
to the best mode of arrangement. That gentleman,
having gone through the collection, advised that in
future the Society should chiefly direct its attention to
the formation of a series of engraved Portraits of the
Fellows, and with great liberality presented about
one hundred and fifty such portraits as his contribu-
tion towards such collection. Mr. Smith's notion is
certainly a very happy one : and we mention that and
his very handsome donation, in hopes of thereby ren-
dering as good service to the Society's Collection of
Portraits, as we are glad to learn has been rendered
to their matchless Series of Proclamations by our
occasional notices of them.
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to
J. D. (Cheltenham). The work you allude to is Wace's
Roman de Brut, which was published under the editorship of
M. Le Roux de Lincy in 1836.
B. O. The paginal references are omitted to the extracts from
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R. The print of a bishop burnt in Smilhfield cannot be identi-
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CONTENTS.
'NOTES: Page
Remarkable Imprints - 143
legends of the Co. Clare, by Francis
Robert Davies - - - - 145
Canting Arms - - - - 1 16
MINOR NOTES : Selleridge Tombs
of Bishops Lines on visiting the
Portico of Beau Nash's Palace, Bath-
Acrostic in Ash Church, Kent A
Hint to Publishers _ Uhland, the
German Poet Virgilian Inscription
for an Infant School - - - 1 46
QUERIES:
The Shippen Family John White, by
Thos.Balch - - - - 147
Books issued in Parts and not completed 147
MINOR QUERIES : _ " Hovd Maet of
Laet " _ Hand in Church Egger
Moths The Yorkshire Dales Ciss,
Cissle, &c. Inn Signs, &c. Smiths
and Robinsons Coin of Carausius
Verelst the Painter Latin Treatise
on whipping School-boys White-
washing in Churches Surname
" Kynoch " Dates of published
Works Saw-dust Recipe - - 148
MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS :
<Bnmks, or Gossips' Bridles Not
^caring a Fig for anything B. C. Y.
Earl Nusrent's Poems Huntbach
MSS. Holy Loaf Money St.
Philip's, Bristol Foreign Univer-
sities - - - - 149
.REPLIES :
Death-Yearnings in Ancient Families,
by C. Mansfield Ingleby - - 150
Starvation, by N. L. Melville, &c. - 151
Osinotherley in Yorkshire, by T. Gill - 152
Echo Poetry, by Jas. J. Scott - - 153
Blackguard - - - - - 153
" Wurm," in Modern German Pas-
sage in Schiller's " Wallenstcin " - 154
"Was Shakspeare descended from a
Landed Proprietor j? by R. Gole, &c. - 154
Lord Fairfax - - - - 156
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : Mr.
Lyte on Collodion Dr. Diamond on
Sensitive Collodion - - - 156
REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES: Portrait
of Alva Lord Mayor of London
not a Privy Councillor Ne\v Zea-
lander and Westminster Bridge
Cui Bono Barrels Regiment Sir
Matthew Hale Scotch Grievance
- " Merciful Judgments of High
'Church," &c. Robert Dudley, Earl
of Leicester Fleet Prison The
Commons of Ireland previous to the
"Union " Les Lettres Jui ves " _ Sir
Philip Wentworth General Fraser
Namby-Pamby The Word "Mi-
ser " The Forlorn Hope Thornton
Abbey " Quid facies," &c. Christ-
Cross-Ro \v_Sir Walter Scott, and his
Quotations from himself, &c. - - 158
MISCELLANEOUS :
Notes on Books, &c. - - - 1C2
Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 163
Notices to Correspondents - - 163
ToL.IX. No. 225.
-PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY.
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142
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 225.
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Petition to Parliament from the Borough of
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Courtenay, co. Dorset ; Mudford and Hinton,
West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset ;
Rolleston, co. Stafford i and Gorton, co.
Wilts.
Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp.
A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir
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FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
143
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1854.
REMARKABLE IMPRINTS.
More than one pen has considered titles, dedi-
cations, and imprints worth a Note, and as there
are still gleanings in their track, I take the liberty
of sending you a few of the latter ; some from my
common-place book, others from the fountain-
heads on my own shelves, but all drawn at random,
without much regard to classification or chrono-
logical arrangement.
The horrors of the Star Chamber and the Ec-
clesiastical Courts produced many extraordinary
imprints, particularly to those seditious books of
the Puritans, better known as the Marprelate
Family ; works which were printed by ambulatory
presses, and circulated by unseen hands, now under
the walls of Archiepiscopal Lambeth, and presto !
(when the spy would lay his hands upon them)
sprite-like, Martin re-appeared in the provinces !
This game at hide and seek between the brave old
Nonconformists and the Church, went on for
years without detection : but the readers of " N.
& Q." do not require from me the history of the
Marprelate Faction, so well told already in the
Miscellanies of Literature and elsewhere ; the
animus of these towards the hierarchy will be
sufficiently exhibited for my purpose in a few of
their imprints. An Almond for a Parrot, for
example, purports to be
;< Imprynted at a place not farre from a place ; by
the Assignes of Signior Some-body, and are to be soulde
at his shoppe in Trouble- Knave Street."
Again, Oh read ouer D. John Bridges, for it is a
worthy work, is
"Printed ouer sea, in Europe, within two forlongs
of a Bouncing Priest, at the Cost and Charges of
Martin Marprelate, Gent, 1589."
The Return of the renowned Cavalier o Pasquill
has the following extraordinary imprint :
" If ray breath be so hote that I burne my mouthe,
I suppose I was printed by Pepper Allie, 1589."
The original "Marprelate" was John Penri,
who at last fell into the hands of his enemies, and
was executed under circumstances of great bar-
barity in Elizabeth's reign. "Martin Junior,"
however, sprung up, and The Counter- Cuffe to
him is
" Printed between the Skye and the Grounde, wythin
a Myle of an Oake, and not many Fields off from the
unpriuileged Presse of the Ass-ignes of Martin Junior,
1589."
The yirulency of this theological warfare died
away in James's reign> but only to be renewed with
equal rancour in that of Charles, when Marpre-
latism was again called into activity by the high-
church freaks of Archbishop Laud. Vox Borealis,
or a Northerne Discoverie by way of Dialogue be-
tween Jamie and Willie, is an example of these
later attacks upon the overbearing of the mitre,
and affords the imprint
" Amidst the Babylonians. Printed by Margery
Marprelate, in Th \vack- Coat Lane, at the Signe of the
Crab- Tree Cudgell, without any privilege of the
Cater- Caps, 1641."
Others of this stamp will occur to your readers :
this time the Puritans had the best of the struggle,
and ceased not to push their advantage until they
brought their enemy to the block.
When the liberty of the press was imperfectly
understood, the political satirist had to tread
warily ; consequently we find that class of writers
protecting themselves by jocular or patriotic im-
prints. A satirical pamphlet upon the late Sicke
Commons is " Printed in the Happie Year 1641."
A Letter from Nobody in the City to Nobody in the
Country is " Printed by Somebody, 1679." Some-
body's Answer is " Printed for Anybody." These
were likely of such a tendency as would have ren-
dered both author and printer amenable to some-
body, say Judge Jeffries. During the administra.-
tion of Sir Robert AValpole, there were many
skirmishing satirists supported by both ministry
and people, such as James Miller, whose pamphlet,
contra, Are these things so ? is " Printed for the
perusal of all Lovers of their Country, 1740."
This was answered by the ministers' champion,
James Dance, alias Love, in Yes, they are ! alike
addressed to the "Lovers of their Country."
What of That ? was the next of the series, being
Miller's reply, who intimated this time that it was
" Printed, and to be had of all True Hearts and
Sound Bottoms."
When there was a movement for an augmenta-
tion of the poor stipends of the Scots Clergy in
1750, there came out a pamphlet under the title of
The Presbyterian Clergy seasonably detected, 1751,
which exceeds in scurrility, if possible, the famous,
or infamous, Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence Dis-
played; both author and printer, however, had so
much sense as to remain in the background, and
the thing purported to be "Printed for Mess
John in Fleet Street." Under the title of The
Comical History of the Marriage betwixt Hep-
tarchus and Fergusia, 1706 *, the Scots figured the
union of the Lord Heptarchus, or England, with
the independent, but coerced, damsel Fergusia, or
Scotland; the discontented church of the latter
* G. Chalmers ascribed this to one " Balantyne."
| In Lockhart's Memoirs, Lond. 1714, Mr. John Balan-
j tyne, the minister of Lanark, is noticed as the most
i uncompromising opponent of the Union. I shall
I therefore assign the Comical History to him until I find
I a better claimant.
144
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 225.
finding that the former broke faith with her, could
not help giving way to occasional murmurings,
and these found vent in (among others) a poetical
Presbyterian tract, entitled Melancholy Sonnets, or
Fergusias Complaint upon Heptarchus, in which
the author reduced to rhyme the aforesaid Co-
mical History, adding thereto all the evils this ill-
starred union had entailed upon the land after
thirty-five years' experience. This curious pro-
duction was " Printed at Elguze ? for Pedaneous,
and sold by Circumferaneous, below the Zenith,
1741."* Charles II., when crowned at Scone,
took the solemn league and covenant ; but not
finding it convenient to carry out that part of his
coronation oath, left the Presbyterians at the
^Restoration in the hands of their enemies. To
mark their sense of this breach of faith, there was
published a little book f describing the inaugura-
tion of the young profligate, which expressively
purports to be " Printed at Edinburgh in the Year
of Covenant-breaking." The Scots folk had such
a horror of anything of a deistical tendency, that
John Goldie had to publish his Essays, or an At-
tempt to distinguish true from false Religion (popu-
pularly called " Goldie's Bible"), at Glasgow,
"Printed for the Author, and sold by him at Kil-
marnock, 1779;" neither printer nor bookseller
would, apparently, be identified with the unclean
thing. Both churchmen and dissenters convey
their exultations, or denouncements, upon political
changes, through the medium of imprints ; and
your correspondents who have been discussing
that matter, will see in some of these that the
" Good Old Cause " may be " all round the com-
pass," as Captain Cuttle would say, depending
wholly upon the party spectacles through which
you view it. Legal Fundamental Liberty, in an
epistle from Selburne to Lenthal, is " Reprinted
in the Year of Hypocritical and Abominable Dis-
simulation, 1649 ; " on the other hand, The Little
Bible of that militant soldier Captain Butler is
"Printed in the First Year of England's Liberty,
1649." The Last Will and Testament of Sir John
Presbyter is "Printed in the Year of Jubilee,
1647." A New Meeting of Ghosts at Tyburn, in
which Oliver, Bradshaw, and Peters figure, ex-
hibits its royal tendency, being " Printed in the
Year of the Rebellious Phanatick's Downfall,
1660." "Printed at N., with Licence," is the
cautious imprint of a republication of Doleman's
V
* This resembles in its dpggrel style Scotland's
Glory and her Shame, and A Poem on the Burgess Oath.
Can any of your correspondents, familiar with Scottish
typographical curiosities, tell me who was the author,
or authors, of these ?
f A Phoenix, or the Solemn League and Covenant, 8fc.,
12mo. pp. 168, with a frontispiece representing Charles
burning the book of the Solemn League and Covenant,
above the flames from which hovers a phoenix.
Conference in 1681. A proper Project to Startle
Fools is " Printed in a Land where Self's cry'd
up, and Zeal's cry'd down, 1699." The Impartial
Accountant, wherein it is demonstratively made
known how to pay the National Debt, and that with-
out a New Tax, or any Inconveniency to the People,
is " Printed for a Proper Person," and, I may add,
can be had of a certain person, if Mr. Gladstone
will come down with an adequate consideration
for the secret! These accountants are all mys-
terious, you would think they were plotting to
empty the treasury rather than to fill it ; another
says his Essay upon National Credit is " Printed
by A. R. in Bond's Stables ! " Thomas Scott, the
English minister at Utrecht, published, among
other oddities, Vox Ccelis ; or Newesfrom Heaven,
being Imaginary Conversations there between
Henry VIII. (/), Edward VI., Prince Henrie, and
others, "Printed in Elysium, 1624." Edward
Raban, an Englishman, who set up a press in the
far north, published an edition of Lady Culros'
Godlie Dreame, and finding that no title com-
manded such respect among the canny Scots as
that of Laird, announced the book to be "Im-
printed at Aberdene, by E. R., Laird of Letters,
1644." The Instructive Library, containing a list
of apocryphal books, and a satire upon some theo-
logical authors qf that day, is " Printed for the
Man in the Moon, 1710." The Oxford Sermon
Versified, by Jacob Gingie, Esq., is " Printed by
Tim. Atkins at Dr. Sacheverell's Head, near St.
Paul's, 1729." "Printed, and to be had at the
Pamphlett Shops of London and Westminster,"
was a common way of circulating productions of
questionable morals or loyalty. The Chapmen, or
Flying-Stationers, had many curious dodges of
this kind to give a relish to their literary wares :
The Secret History of Queen Elizabeth and the
Earl of Essex derived additional interest in the
eyes of their country customers by its being
"Printed at Cologne for Will- with- the- Wisp, at
the Sign of the Moon in the Ecliptic, 1767." The
Poems of that hard-headed Jacobite, Alexander
Robertson of Struan, are "Printed at Edinburgh
for Charles Alexander, and sold at his house in
Geddes Close, where Subscribers may call for their
Copies, circa 1750." * The New Dialogues of the
Dead are " Printed for D. Y., at the foot of Par-
nassus Hill, 1684." Professor Tenant's poem of
Papistry Stormed imitates the old typographers,
it being " Imprentit at Edinbrogh be Oliver and
Boyd, anno 1827." A rare old book is Goddard's
* I have not met with the name of such a bookseller
elsewhere, and would like to hear the history of this
book ; it was again published with the addition of
The Martial Achievements of the Robertsons of Strnan,
and in imitation of the original is printed at Edinburgh
by arid for Alexander Robertson, in Morison's Close,
where subscribers may call for their copies (1785?).
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
145
Mastiffe Whelpe, " Imprinted amongst the Anti-
podes, and are to be sould where they are to be
bought." Another, by the same author, is a Sa-
tirical Dialogue, " Imprinted in the Low Coun-
treyes for all such Gentlemen as are not altogether
idle, nor yet well occupyed." These were both, I
believe, libels upon the fair sex. John Stewart,
otherwise Walking Stewart, was in the habit of
dating his extraordinary publications " In the
year of Man's Retrospective Knowledge, by As-
tronomical Calculation, 5000 ; " " In the 7000 year
of Astronomical History in the Chinese Tables ; "
and " In the Fifth Year of Intellectual Existence."
" Mulberry Hill, Printed at Crazy Castle," is an
imprint of J. H. Stevenson. The Button Makers'
Jests, by Geo. King of St. James', is " Printed for
Henry Frederick, near St. James' Square;" a
co:irse squib upon royalty. One Fisher entitled
Lis play Thou shalt not Steal; the School of Ingra-
titude. Thinking the managers of Drury Lane
Lad communicated his performance, under the
latter name, to Reynolds the dramatist, and then
rejected it, he published it thus : " Printed for the
curious and literary shall we say ? Coincidence !
refused by the Managers, and made use of in the
Farce of ' Good Living,' " published by Reynolds
in 1797. Harlequin Premier, as it is daily acted,
is a hit at the ministry of the period, " Printed at
Brentafordia, Capital of Barataria, and sold by all
the Booksellers in the Province, 1769." " Printed
Merrily, and may be read Unhappily, betwixt
Hawke and Buzzard, 1641," is the satisfactory
imprint of The Downefall of temporising Poets,
unlicensed Printers, upstart Booksellers, tooting
Mercuries, and bawling Hawkers. Books have
sometimes been published for behoof of particular
individuals ; old Daniel Rogers, in his Matrimo-
nial Honovr, announces " A Part of the Impression
to be vended for the use and benefit of Ed. Min-
sheu, Gent., 1650." How full of interest is the
following, " Printed at Sheffield by James Mont-
gomery, in the Hart's Head, 1795!" A poor
man, by name J. R. Adam, meeting with reverses,
enlisted, and after serving abroad for a period,
returned but to exchange the barrack-room for
the _ Glasgow Lunatic Asylum. Possessing a
poetical vein, he indulged it here in soothing his
own and his companions' misery, by circulating his
verses on detached scraps, printed by himself.
These on his enlargement he collected together,
and gave to the world in 1845, under the title of
the Garlnavel Minstrel, a neat little square vo-
lume of 104 pages, exceedingly well executed, and
bearing the imprint " Glasgow, composed, printed,
and published by J. R. Adam;" under any circum-
stances a most creditable specimen, but under those
I have described "a rara avis in literature and art."
The list might be spun out, but I fear I have
exceeded limits already with my dry subject.
J. 0.
LEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE.
In the west of Clare, for many miles the country
seems to consist of nothing but fields of grey lime-
stone flags, which gives it an appearance of the
greatest desolation : Cromwell is reported to have
said of it, " that there was neither wood in it to
hang a man, nor water to drown him, nor earth
to bury him ! " The soil is not, however, by any
means as barren as it looks ; and the following
legend is related of the way in which an ancestor
of one of the most extensive landed proprietors in
the county obtained his estates.
'Twas on a dismal evening in the depth of
winter, that one of Cromwell's officers was passing
through this part of the country ; his courage and
gallantry in the " good cause" had obtained for
him a large grant of land in Clare, and he was now
on his journey to it. Picturing to himself a land
flowing with milk and honey, his disappointment
may therefore be imagined when, at the close of a
weary day's journey, he found himself bewildered
amid such a scene of desolation. From the in-
quiries he had made at the last inhabited place
he had passed, he was led to conclude that he
could not be far distant from the "land of pro-
mise," where he might turn his sword into a prun-
ing-hook, and rest from all his toils and dangers.
Could this be the place of which his imagination
had formed so fair a vision ? Hours had elapsed
since he had seen a human being ; and, as the soli-
tude added to the dismal appearance of the road,
bitterly did the veteran curse the folly that had
enticed him into the land of bogs and " Papistrie."
Troublous therefore as the times were, the tramp
of an approaching steed sent a thrill of pleasure
through the heart of the Puritan. The rider soon
joined him, and as he seemed peaceably disposed,
they entered into conversation ; and the stranger
soon became acquainted with the old soldier's
errand, and the disappointment he had experi-
enced. Artfully taking advantage of the occasion,
the stranger, who professed an acquaintance with
the country, used every means to aggravate the
disgust of his fellow-traveller, till the heart of the
Cromwellian, already half overcome by fatigue
and hunger, sank within him ; and at last he
agreed that the land should be transferred to the
stranger for a butt of Claret and the horse on
which he rode. As soon as this important matter
was settled, the stranger conducted his new friend
to a house of entertainment in a neighbouring ham-
let, whose ruins are still called the plaret House
of K . A plentiful, though coarse, entertain-
ment soon smoked on the board ; and as the eye
of the Puritan wandered over the " creature com-
forts," his heart rose, and he forgot his disappoint-
ment and his fatigue. It is even said that he
dispensed with nearly ten of the twenty minutes
which he usually bestowed on the benediction ;
146
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No, 225.
but be this as it may, ere he retired to his couch
-"vino ciboque gravatus" the articles were
signed, and the courteous stranger became pos-
sessed of one of the finest estates in the county !
FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
CANTING ARMS.
In the introduction to a work entitled A Col-
lectio?i of Coats of Arms borne by the Nobility and
Gentry of the County of Gloucester, London,
J. Good, 159. New Bond Street, 1792, and which
| I believe was written by Sir George Nayler, it is
asserted that
" Armes parlanies, or canting arras, were not common
till the commencement of the seventeenth century,
when they prevailed under the auspices of King
James."
Now doubtless they were more common in the
seventeenth century, but I am of opinion that
there are many instances of them centuries pre-
vious to the reign of King James ; as, for example,
in a roll of arms of the time of Edward II.
(A.D. 1308-14), published by Sir Harris Nicolas
from a manuscript in the British Museum, there
are the following :
" Sire Peres Corbet, d'or, a un corbyn de-sable.
Sire Johan le Fauconer, d'argent, a \\ifaucouns de
goules.
Sire Johan Heroun, d'azure, a iii herouns d'argent.
Sire Richard de Cokfeld, d'azure, a une crois e
iiii coks d'or.
Sire Richard de Barlingham, de goules, a iii ours
(6ears) d'argent.
Sire Johan de Swyneford, d'argent, a un cheveroun
de sable, a iii testes de cenglers (swines 1 heads) d'or."
Sire Ammon de Lucy bore three luces ; Sire
William Bernak a fers between three barnacles,
&c. There are many other examples in the same
work, but as I think I have made my communica-
tion quite long enough, I forbear giving them.
CID.
Selleridge. The story of the author who was
charged by his publisher for selleridge, and thought
it for selling his books, whereas it was storing
them in a cellar, is given by Thomas Moore in his
Diary, lately published, upon the authority of
Coleridge. It is to be found, much better told,
in Coleridge's Biographia Literaria. UNEDA.
Philadelphia.
Tombs of Bishops. The following bishops,
whose bodies were interred elsewhere, had or have
tombs in the several cathedrals in which their
hearts were buried : William de Longchamp,
William de Kilkenny, Cardinal Louis de Luxem-
bourg, at Ely ; Peter de Aqua Blanca, at Aqua-
blanca, in Savoy ; Thomas Cantilupe, at Ashridge,
Bucks (Hereford) ; Ethelmar (Winton), at Win-
chester ; Thomas Savage (York), at Macclesfield ;
Robert Stichelles (Durham), at Durham.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
Durham.
Lines on visiting the Portico of Beau Nash's
Palace, Bath.
And here he liv'd, and here he reign'd,
And hither oft shall strangers stray ;
To muse with joy on native worth,
And mourn those pleasures fled for aye.
Alas ! that he, whose days were spent
In catering for the public weal,
Should, in the eventide of life,
Be destin'd sad distress to feel.
An ever open heart and hand,
With ear ne'er closed to sorrow's tale,
Exalts the man, and o'er his faults
Draws the impenetrable veil.
L. M. THORNTON.
Bath.
Acrostic in Ash Church, Kent. The following
acrostic is from 2^ brass in Ash Church, Kent. It
is perhaps curious only from the fact of its being
unusual to inscribe this kind of verse on sepul-
chral monuments. The capital letters at the
commencement of each line are given as in the
original :
" H John Brooke of the parish of Ashe
O Only he is nowe gone.
tlj His days are past, his corps is layd
t^ Now under this marble stone.
W Brookstrete he was the honor of,
pd Robd now it is of name,
O Only because he had no sede
O Or children to have the same ;
ft Knowing that all must passe away,
fj Even when God will, none can denay.
" He passed to God in the yere of Grace
One thousand fyve hundredth ffower score and two
it was,
The sixteenthe daye of January, I tell now playne,
The five-and-twentieth yere of Elizabeth rayne."
FRAS. BRENT.
Sandgate.
A Hint to Publishers. The present period is
remarkable for its numerous reprints of our poets
and standard writers. However excellent these
may be, there is often a great drawback, viz. that
one must purchase an author's entire works, and
cannot get a favourite poem or treatise separately.
What I would suggest is, that a separate title-
page be prefixed to every poem or treatise in an
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
147
author's works, and that they be sold collectively
or separately at the purchaser's option. Thus few
would encumber themselves with the entire works
of Dryden, but many would gladly purchase some
of his poems if they could be had separately.
These remarks are still more applicable to
encyclopaedias. The JZncycl. Metropol. was a step
in the right direction ; and henceforth we may
hope to have each article sold separately in octavo
volumes. Is there no chance, amid all these re-
prints, of our seeing Heyvvood, Crashaw, Southwell,
Habington, Daniel, or Drummond of Hawthorn-
den ? MARICONDA.
Uhland, the German Poet. Mr. Mitchell, in
his speech at New York, is said to have stated that
Uhland, the German poet, had become an exile,
and was now in Ohio. This is a mistake ; for
Uhland is now living in his native Wurtemberg,
and is reported in the papers to have quite recently
declined a civic honour proposed to be conferred
on him by the King of Prussia at the suggestion
of Baron Humboldt. J. M.
Oxford.
Virgilian Inscription for an Infant School.
". . Auditae voces, vagitus et ingens,
Infantumque animas flentes, in limine primo."
Mn. vi. 426.
ANON.
Omtrfe*.
THE SHIPPEN FAMILY JOHN WHITE.
The Historical Society of Pennsylvania having
requested me to edit certain MSS., I should be
very much indebted to any one for information,
either through your columns, or addressed to me
directly, concerning the following persons or their
ancestry.
Edward Shippen, son of William, born in York-
shire, near Pontefract or Wakefield, as supposed,
1639 ; emigrated to Boston 1670, was a member
of the Ancient and Honourable Artillery Com-
pany, afterwards turned Quaker, was publicly
whipt for his faith (see Thomas Story's Journal,
quoted in Southey's Common-Place Book}, re-
moved to Philadelphia, elected Speaker 1695, first
mayor 1701, &c., died 1712. His son's family
Bible entries (now in possession of Colonel Jno.
Hare Powel) say that his (the son's) relations in
England were his "uncle William's children,"
viz. Robert Shippen, Doctor of Divinity; Wil-
liam Shippen, Doctor of Laws and a parliament
man ; Edward, a physician ; John, a Spanish mer-
chant.
The uncle William thus mentioned is conjec-
tured to have been the Rector of Stockport, and
the "parliament man" to have been his son,
" downright Shippen " (Lord Mahon's Hist. Eng.,
three vols.) a conjecture strengthened by an-
other mem., " John, son of the Rector of St.
Mary's parish, Stockport, was baptized July 5,
A.D. 1678."
Edward Shippen's daughter, Margaret, married
John Jekyll, collector of the port of Boston, said
to have been a younger brother of Sir Joseph ;
and a descendant, daughter of Chief Justice
Shippen, married General Benedict Arnold, then
a distinguished officer in the American army.
Mr. Shippen lived in great style (Watson's
Annals, &c.), and among his descendants were,
and are, many persons of consequence and dis-
tinction.
Besides information as to Mr. Shippen's an-
cestors, I should be glad to learn something of
his kinsfolk, and of the Jekyll and Arnold
branches. Sabine's (Loyalists} account of the
latter is imperfect, and perhaps not very just.
John White, Chief Justice Shippen, whilst a
law student in London, writes, 1748-50, as though
Mr. White was socially a man of dignified position.
He was a man of large fortune ; his sister married
San. Swift, who emigrated to this state. His
portrait, by Reynolds, represents a gentleman
past middle age, whose costume and appearance
are those of a person of refined and elegant edu-
cation. His letters were destroyed by fire some
years since. The China and silver ware, which
belonged to him, have the following arms : " Gules,
a border sable, charged with seven or eight es-
toiles gold ; on a canton ermines a lion rampant
sable. Crest, a bird, either a stork, a heron, or
an ostrich." The copy inclosed is taken from the
arms on the china ; but our Heralds' College (i. e.
an intelligent engraver, who gave me the foregoing
description) says, that on the silver the crest is
"o of/->T.L- /->l/-vct/- " TTT^CS "R A T /-ITT
a stork close.'
Philadelphia.
THOS. BALCH.
BOOKS ISSUED IN PARTS AND NOT COMPLETED.
From time to time various productions, many
valuable, others the reverse, have issued from the
press in parts or numbers ; some have been com-
pleted, while others have only reached a few num-
bers. It would be desirable to ascertain what works
have been finished, and what have not. I have
therefore transmitted a note as to several that
have fallen in my way, and should be happy for
any information about them :
; ' 1. John Bull Magazine, 8vo., London, 1824. Of
this I possess four numbers. A friend of mine
has also the four numbers, and, like myself,
attaches great value to them, from the ability
of many of the articles. One article, entitled
" Instructions to Missionaries," is equal to any
thing from the pen of T. Hood. May it not
have been written by him ?
148
NOTES AND QUEBIES.
[No. 225.
2. Portraits of the Worthies of Westminster Hall,
with their Autographs, being Fac-Similes of
Original Sketches found in the Note- Book of
a Briefless Barrister. London : Thomas and
William Boone, 480. Strand. Small 8vo.
Part I. Price Twenty Shillings. Twenty
Sketches (very clever).
3. Dictionary of Terms employed by the French
in Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, &c., by
Shirley Palmer, M. D. 8vo., 1834. Bir-
mingham : Barlow. London : Longman &
Co. Two Parts. Stops at the letter H.
4. Quarterly Biographical Magazine, No. I., May,
1838. 8vo. London : Hunt & Hart.
5. Complete Illustrations of the British Fresh-water
Fishes. London: W. Wood. 8vo. Three
Numbers.
6. New and Compendious History of the County of
Warwick, &c. By William Smith, F.R. S.A.
4to. Birmingham : W. Evans. London :
J. T. Hinton, 4. Warwick Square. 1829.
Ten Numbers, to be completed in Twelve.
On my copy there is written, " Never finished."
Is this the case ?
7. Fishes of Ceylon. By John Whitchurch Ben-
net, Esq., F.H.S. London : Longman & Co.
1828. 4to. Two Numbers. A Guinea each.
J. M.
" Hovd Maet of Laet." Will you kindly give
me a translation of the above, which is in the
corner of an old Dutch panel painting in the
style of Ostade and Teniers, jun., in my posses-
sion ? READING.
Hand in Church (Vol.viii., p. 454.). What is
the hand projecting under chancel arch, Brighton
old church ? A. C.
Egger Moths. What is the derivation of the
word "egger," as applied to several species of
moths ? MOUNTJOY.
The Yorkshire Dales (Vol. ii., p. 220.). Is the
Guide to the above by J. H. Dixon published ?
E. W. D.
Ciss, Cissle, tyc. Can any of your readers give
me any authority for a written usage of these
words, or any one of them : ciss, siss, cissle or
cizzle ? They are often heard, but I have never
seen them written, nor can I^fiud them in any dic-
tionary. A.
Inn Signs, frc. Can any reader of "N. & Q."
supply information respecting inn and other signs ;
or refer to any printed books, or accessible MSS.,
relating to the subject^? ALI>HEGE.
Smiths and Robinsons. Could any of your
correspondents inform me what are the arms of
Miles Smith, Bishop of Gloucester, those of the
Smiths of Willoughby, those of the Smiths of
Crudely, in Lancashire, and those of the Robinsons
of the North Riding of Yorkshire? Also, in
what church, and in what year, did Lady Eliza-
beth Robinson, otherwise known as Betty of the
Boith, serve the office of churchwarden ?
JOHN H. R. SMITH, Jun.
Coin of Carausius. A brass coin has lately
come into my possession, bearing on the obverse-
the head and inscription :
" IMP. CARAVSIUS. P. P. AVG."
And on the reverse, a female figure, with spear
and a branch :
" PAX. AUG. S. P. MLXXI."
I believe it to have been struck by Carausius, an
usurper of the end of the third century, and my
Query is as to the meaning of the letters MLXXI.
Some friends assert them to be the Roman nu-
merals, making the year 1071, and conclude it to
have been struck at that date. C. G*
Paddington.
Verelst the Painter. Can any of your readers
inform me who was Jo. Verelst ? I have in my
possession a picture bearing the signature, with
the addition of ]?. 1714. The celebrated artists of
that name mentioned in the Dictionary of Painters
cannot be the same. CELCRENA.
Latin Treatise on whipping School-boys.
What is the name of a modern Latin author, who
has written a treatise on the antiquity of the prac-
tice of whipping school-boys ? The work is alluded
to in the History of the Flagellants, p. 134., edit-
1777, but the author's name is not given.
BETULA.
Dublin.
WJiitewashing in Churches. Can any of your
correspondents inform me at what period, and
about what year it became the custom to cover
over with whitewash the many beautiful works of
art, both in stone and wood, which have of late-
years been brought to light in our cathedrals and
churches in the course of renovation ? K.
Surname " Kynoch." Can any of your corre-
spondents supply any heraldic or genealogical in-
formation regarding this name, a few families of
which are to be found in Moray and Aberdeen
shires, North Britain ? J-
Dates of published Works. Is it possible to-
ascertain the exact time of publication of any
book, for instance in the year 1724, either at Sta-
tioners' Hall or elsewhere ? D.
Saw-dust Recipe. There is a recipe existing
somewhere for converting saw-dust into palatable
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
149
human food. Can you tell me what it is, or where
it is to be found ? Gr- D.
Pranks, or Gossips' Bridles. Walton Church
contains one of those strange instruments with
which our ancestors used to punish those dames who
were too free with the use of their tongues. They
were called hanks [branks], or gossips' bridles,
and were intended to inclose the head, being
fastened behind by a padlock, and having at-
tached to it a small piece of iron which literally
** held the tongue." Thus accoutred, the unhappy
culprit was marched through the village till she
gave unequivocal signs of repentance and humi-
liation. Can any one give some account of this
curious instrument ? GEOEGE HODGES.
Oxford.
[Fosbroke says that " the brank is a sugar-loaf cap
made of iron hooping, with a cross at top, and a flat
piece projecting inwards to lie upon the tongue. It
was put upon the head of scolds, padlocked behind,
and a string annexed, by which a man led them
through the towns." (See also Brand's Popular An-
tiquities, vol. Hi. p. 108., Bonn's edition.) Engravings
of them will be found in Plot's History of Staffordshire,
p. 389., and in Brand's History of Newcastle, vol. ii.
p. 192. In the Historical Description of the Tower of
London, p. 54., edit. 1774, occurs the following libel-
lous squib on the fair sex : " Among the curiosities of
the Tower is a collar of torment, which, say your con-
ductors, used formerly to be put about the women's
neck that cuckolded their husbands, or scolded them
when they came home late ; but that custom is left off
now-a-days, to prevent quarrelling for collars, there
not being smiths enough to make them, as most mar-
ried men are sure to want them at one time or an-
other." Waldron, in his Description of the Isle of Man,
p. 80., thus notices this instrument of punishment : "I
know nothing in the Manx statutes or punishments in
particular but this, which is, that if any person be
convicted of uttering a scandalous report, and cannot
make good the assertion, instead of being fined or im-
prisoned, they are sentenced to stand in the market-
place, on a sort of scaffold erected for that purpose,
with their tongue in a noose made of leather, which
they call a bridle, and having been exposed to the view
of the people for some time, on the taking off this
machine, they are obliged to say three times, Tongue,
thou hast lyed.' "]
Not caring a Fig for anything. What is the
origin of this expression ? J. H. CHATEAU.
Philadelphia.
[Nares informs us that the real origin of this ex-
pression may be found in Stevens and Pineda's Dic-
tionaries under Hiaa ; and, in fact, the same phrase
and allusion pervaded all modern Europe : as, Far le
jftche, Ital. ; Faire la Jigue, Fr. ; Die Feigen weisen,
Germ.; De vi/ghe setten, Dutch. (See Du Cange, in
FicJia.) Johnson says, " To fig, in Spanish, higas dar,
is to insult by putting the thumb between the fore and
middle finger. From this Spanish custom we yet say-
in contempt, A fig for you." To this explanation Mr.
Douce has added the following note : " Dr. Johnson
has properly explained this phrase ; but it should be
added, that it is of Italian origin. When the Milanese
revolted against the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa,
they placed the Empress his wife upon a mule with
her head towards the tail, and ignominiously expelled
her their city. Frederick afterwards besieged and
took the place, and compelled every one of his pri-
soners, on pain of death, to take with his teeth a fig
from the posteriors of a mule. The party was at the
same time obliged to repeat to the executioner the
words Ecco la fica. From this circumstance far la fica
became a term of derision, and was adopted by other
nations. The French say likewise, faire lafigue"']
B. C. Y. Can you give me any information
respecting the famous B. C. Y. row, as it was
called, which occurred about fifty years ago ? A
newspaper was started expressly to explain the
meaning of the letters, which said it was " Beware
of the Catholic Yoke;" but it was wrong.
H. Y.
[These "No- Popery" hieroglyphics first appeared
in the reign of Charles II. during the debates on the
Exclusion Bill, and were chalked over all parts of
Whitehall and the Houses of Parliament. O B. C. Y.
was then the inscription, which meant, " O Beware of
Catholic York." On their re-appearance in 1809 tho
Y. was much taller than the B. C. ; but the use and
meaning at this time of these initials still remains a
query.]
Earl Nugenfs Poems. I would be much
obliged for any information relating to the poems
written by Robert, afterwards Earl Nugent, be-
tween the years 1720 and 1780. It is supposed
that they were first published in some periodical,
and afterwards appeared in a collected form.
JAMES F. FERGUSON.
Dublin.
[A volume of his poems was published anonymously
by Dodsley, and entitled Odes and Epistles ; containing
an Ode on his own Conversion from Popery : London,
1739, 8vo., 2nd edit. There are also other pieces by
him in Dodsley's Collection, and the Neiv Foundling
Hospital for Wit. He also published Faith, a Poem ;
a strange attempt to overturn the Epicurean doctrine
by that of the Trinity ; and Verses to the Queen ; with
a New Year's Gift of Irish Manufacture, 1775, 4to.]
Huntbach MSS. Can you tell me where the
Huntbach MSS. now lie ? Shaw, in his History
of Staffordshire, drew largely from them. UKSUS.
[Dr. Wilkes's Collections, with those of Fielde,
Huntbach, Loxdale, and Shaw, as also the engraved
plates and drawings, published and unpublished, rela-
tive to the History of Staffordshire, were, in the year
1820, in the possession of William Hamper, F. S. A.,
Deritend House, Birmingham.]
150
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 225.
Holy Loaf Money. In Dr. Whitaker's Whal-
ley, p. 149., mention is made of holy loaf money.
What is meant by this ? T. I. W.
[This seems to be some ecclesiastical due payable on
Hlaf-mass, or Loaf-mass, commonly called Lammas-
Day (August 1st). See Somner and Junius. It was
called Loaf or Bread-mass, because it was a day of
oblation of grain, or of bread made of new wheat ; and
was also the holiday of St. Peter ad Vincula, when
Peter-pence were paid. Du Cange likewise mentions
the Panis benedictus, and that money was given by the
recipients of it on the following occasion : "Since the
catechumens," says he, " before baptism could neither
partake of the Divine Mysteries, nor consequently of
the Eucharist, a loaf was consecrated and given to them
by the priest, whereby they were prepared for receiving
the body of Christ."]
St. Philip's, Bristol. Can you inform me when
the Church of St. Philip, Bristol, was made paro-
chial, and in what year the Priory of Benedictines,
mentioned by William de Worcester in connexion
with this church, was dissolved, and when founded ?
E. W. GODWIN.
[Neither Dugdale nor Tanner could discover any
notices of this priory, except the traditionary account
preserved in William of Worcester, p. 210.: "
juxta Cimiterium et Ecclesiam Sancti Pbilippi, ubi
quondam ecclesia religiosorum et Prioratus scituatur."
It was probably a cell to the Tewkesbury monastery ;
and the historians of Bristol state, that the exact time
when it became parochial is not known ; but it was
very early, being mentioned in Gaunt's deeds before
the year 1200; and, like St. James's, became a parish
church through the accession of inhabitants.]
Foreign Universities. Is there any history of
the University of Bologna ? or where can be
found any account of the foundation and consti-
tution of the foreign universities in general ?
J. C. H. R.
[Our correspondent will find some account of the
foreign universities, especially of Bologna, in the
valuable article " Universities," Encyclopaedia Britan-
nica, vol. xxi., with numerous references to other works
containing notices of them. Consult also " A Dis-
covrse not altogether vnprofitable nor vnpleasant for
such as are desirous to know the Situation and Cus-
tomes of Forraine Cities without trauelling to see
them : containing a Discovrse of all those Citties
which doe flourish at this Day priuiledged Vniuer-
sities. By Samuel Lewkenor. v London, 1594, 4to."]
DEATH-WARNINGS IN ANCIENT FAMILIES.
(Vol. ix., p. 55.)
The remarks of JOHN o' THE FORD of Malta
deserve to be followed up by all your correspon-
dents who, at least, admit the possibility of " com-
munications with the unseen world." In order to
facilitate the acquisition of the requisite amount
of facts, I beg to apprise JOHN o' THE FORD, and
your other correspondents and readers generally,
that a Society was founded about a year ago, and
is now in existence, composed of members of the
University of Cambridge ; the objects of which
will be best gleaned from the following extract
from the Prospectus :
" The interest and importance of a serious and earnest
inquiry into the nature of the phenomena which are
vaguely called 'supernatural,' will scarcely be ques-
tioned. Many persons believe that all such apparently
mysterious occurrences are due, either to purely natural
causes, or to delusions of the mind or senses, or to
wilful deception. But there are many others who
believe it possible that the beings of the unseen world
may manifest themselves to us in extraordinary ways ;
and also are unable otherwise to explain many facts, the
evidence for which cannot be impeached. Both parties
have obviously a common interest in wishing cases of
supposed ' supernatural ' agency to be thoroughly sifted.
. . . . The main impediment to investigations of this
kind is the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient number
of clear and well-attested cases. Many of the stories
current in tradition, or scattered up and down in books,
may be exactly true ; others must be purely fictitious ;
others again, probably the greater number, consist of a
mixture of truth tand falsehood. But it is idle to
examine the significance of an alleged fact of this
nature, until the trustworthiness, and also the extent
of the evidence for it, are ascertained. Impressed with
this conviction, some members of the University of
Cambridge are anxious, if possible, to form an exten-
sive collection of authenticated cases of supposed ' super-
natural' agency .... From all those who may be
inclined to aid them, they request written communi-
cations, with full details of persons, times, and places."
The Prospectus closes with the following classi-
fication of phenomena :
" I. Appearances of Angels. (1.) Good. (2.) Evil.
II. Spectral appearances of (1.) The beholder
himself (e.g. 'Fetches' or 'Doubles'). (2.) Other
men, recognised or not. (i.) Before their death (e.g.
' second sight.') (a.) To one person, (b.) To several
persons, (ii.) At the moment of their death, (a.)
To one person, (b.) To several persons. 1. In the
same place. 2. In several places, i. Simultaneously,
ii. Successively, (iii.) After their death. In con-
nexion with (a.) Particular places, remarkable for
1. Good deeds. 2. Evil deeds, (b.) Particular times
(e. g. on the anniversary of any event, or at fixed sea-
sons), (c.) Particular events (e. g. before calamity or
death), (d.) Particular persons (e.g. haunted mur-
derers). III. ' Shapes' falling under neither of the
former classes. (1.) Recurrent. In connexion with
(i.) Particular families (e.g. the 'Banshee'), (ii.)
Particular places (e. g. the ' Mawth Dog'). (2.) Oc-
casional, (i.) Visions signifying events, past, present,
or future, (a.) By actual representation (e.g. 'second
sight'), (b.) By symbol, (ii.) Visions of a fantas-
tical nature. IV. Dreams remarkable for coiner-
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
151
dences. (1.) In their occurrence, (i.) To the same
person several times, (ii.) In the same form to several
persons. (a.) Simultaneously. (b.) Successively.
(2.) With facts, (i.) Past. (a.) Previously un-
known, (b.) Formerly known, but forgotten. (11.)
Present, but unknown, (iii.) Future. V. Feelings.
A definite consciousness of a fact. (1.) Past: an
impression that an event has happened. (2.) Present :
sympathy with a person suffering or acting at a dis-
tance. (3.) Future : presentiment. VI. Physical
effects. (1.) Sounds, (i.) With the use of ordinary
means (e. g. ringing of bells), (ii.) Without the use of
any apparent means (e. g. voices). (2.) Impressions
of touch (e.g. breathings on the person).
"Every narrative of 'supernatural' agency which
may be communicated, will be rendered far more in-
structive if accompanied by any particulars as to the
observer's natural temperament (e. g. sanguine, nervous,
&c.), constitution (e. g. subject to fever, somnambulism,
c.), and state at the time (e. g. excited in mind or
body, &c.)."
As I have no authority to give names, I can do
no more than say that, though not a member of
the Society, I shall be happy to receive communi-
cations and forward them to the secretary.
C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
Birmingham.
[ The Night Side of Nature would seem to indicate
that its ingenious, yet sober and judicious, authoress
had forestalled the " Folk-lore" investigations of the
projected Cambridge Society. Probably some of its
members will not rest satisfied with a simple collection
of phenomena relating to communications with the un-
seen world, but will exclaim with Hamlet
" Thou com'st in such a questionable shape,
That I will speak to thee !"
and will endeavour to ascertain the philosophy of those
communications, as Newton did with the recorded data
and phenomena of the mechanical or material universe.
Whether the transcripts of some of the voluminous
unpublished writings of Dionysius Andreas Freher,
deposited in the British Museum (Add. MSS. 5767
5792.), will assist the inquirer in his investigations, we
cannot confidently state : but in them he will find
continual references to what Jacob Bb'hme terms " the
eternal and astral magic, or the laws, powers and
properties of the great Universal Will- Spirit of the two
co-eternal worlds of darkness and light, and of this
third or temporary principle." Freher was the prin-
cipal illustrator of the writings of the celebrated Jacob
Bb'hme, now exciting so much interest among the
German literati ; and, if we may credit William Law,
it was from the principles of this remarkable man that
Sir Isaac Newton derived his theory of fundamental
powers. (See " N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 247.) But on
this and other matters we may doubtless expect to be
well informed by Sir David Brewster, in his new "Me-
moir of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac
Newton." According to Law, the two-fold spiritual
universe stands as near, and in a similar relation to this
material mixed world, of darkness and light, evil and
good, death and life, or rather the latter to the former,
as water does to the gases of which it is essentially com-
pounded. ED.]
STARVATION.
(Vol. ix., p. 54.)
Until your correspondent Q. designated the
word starvation as " an Americanism," I never had
the least suspicion that it was obtained from that
source. On the contrary, I remember to have
heard some thirty or forty years ago, that it was
first employed by Harry Dundas, the first Viscount
Melville, who might have spoken with a brogue,
but whose despatches were in good intelligible
English. I once asked his son, the second Vis-
count, whose correctness must be fresh in the re-
collection of many of your readers, if the above
report was true, and he seemed to think that his
father had coined the word, and that it immediately
got into general circulation. My impression is,
that it was already current during the great
scarcity at the end of the last, and the commence-
ment of this century ; but the dictionary makers,
those "who toil at the lower employments of
life," as old Sam Johnson termed it, are not apt
to be alert in seizing on fresh words, and " starv-
ation " has shared in the general neglect.
If you permit me I will, however, afford them
my humble aid, by transcribing some omitted
words which I find noted in a little Walker's
Dictionary, printed in 1830, and which has been
my companion in many pilgrimages through many
distant lands. Many of them may by this time
have found their way even into dictionaries, but I
copy them as I find them.
Minivar.
Unhesitating.
Remittent.
Tannin.
Curry (substantive).
Uncompromised.
Duchess.
Resile (verb).
Gist.
Nascent.
Dictum.
Retinence.
Phonetic.
Lacunae.
Extradition.
Laches.
Fulcrum.
Statics.
^Esthetical.
Complicity.
N. L. MELVILLE.
Fiat.
Lichen.
Dawdle.
Compete (verb).
Starvation.
Cupel (see test).
Stationery (writing mate-
rials).
Chubby.
Mister (form of address).
Iodine.
Disorganise.
Growl (substantive).
A vadavat (School for Scan-
dal).
Apograph.
Flange.
Effete.
Jungle.
Celt (formed of touch-
stone).
However " strange it may appear, it is never-
theless quite true," that this word, "Starvation
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 225.
(from the verb), state of perishing from cold or
hunger," is to be found, and thus defined, in "An
Appendix to Dr. Johnson's English Dictionary,"
published along with the latter, by William Maver,
in 2 vols. 8vo., Glasgow, 1809, now forty-five years
ago. In his preface to this Appendix he says :
" In the compilation the editor is principally in-
debted to Mr. Mason, whose labours in supplying the
^deficiencies of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary have so much
enriched the vocabulary of our language, that every
purchaser of the quarto edition should avail himself of
a copy of Mr. Mason's Supplement."
Whether or not Mr. Maver drew the word
" starvation " from Mr. Mason's Supplement, I
-cannot say; but from old date in the west of
Scotland it has been, and is still, popularly and
-extensively used in the exact senses given to it by
Mr. Maver as above. I think it much more likely
to be of Scottish than of American origin, and
that Mr. Webster may have picked it up from
some of our natives in this country.
I may add, that in early life I often spoke with
Mr. Maver, who was a most intelligent literary
man. In 1809 he followed the business of a book-
seller in Glasgow, but from some cause was not
fortunate, and afterwards followed that of a book
auctioneer, and may be dead fully thirty years
ago. His edition of, and Appendix to, Johnson
were justly esteemed ; the latter " containing se-
veral thousand words omitted by Dr. Johnson,
-and such as have been introduced by good writers
since his time," with " the pronunciation accord-
ing to the present practice of the best orators and
orthoepists " of the whole language. G. N.
This word was first introduced into the English
language by Mr. Dundas, in a debate in the House
of Commons on American affairs, in 1775. From
it he obtained the nick-name of " Starvation
Dundas." (Vide the Correspondence between Ho-
race Walpole and Mason, vol. ii. pp. 177. 310. 396.,
edition 1851.) The word is of irregular formation,
the root starve being Old English, while the ter-
mination -ation is Latin. E. G. R.
The word may perhaps be originally American ;
but if the following anecdote be correct, it was
introduced into this country long before Webster
compiled his Dictionary :
" The word starvation was first introduced into the
English language by Mr. Dundas, in a speech in 1775
on an American debate, and hence applied to him as a
nickname, ' Starvation Dundas.' ' I shall not,' said he,
wait for the advent of starvation from Edinburgh to
settle my judgment.' " Letters of Horace Walpole and
Mason, vol. ii. p. 396.
J.R.M., M.A.
Throughout this part of the country, "starved"
always refers to cold, never to hunger. To express
the latter the word " hungered " is always used :
thus, many were "like to have been hungered" in
the late severe weather and hard times. This is
clearly the scriptural phrase " an hungred." To
"starve" is to perish; and it is a common ex-
pression in the south, " I am quite perished with
cold ;" which answers to our northern one, "I am
quite starved." H. T. G.
Hull.
I cannot ascertain the period of the adoption of
the unhappily common word " starvation " in our
language, but it is much older than your corre-
spondent Q. supposes. It occurs in the Rolliad:
" 'Tis but to fire another Sykes, to plan
Some new starvation scheme for Hindostan."
M.
OSMOTHERLEY IN YORKSHIRE.
(YoLviii., p.617.)
R. W. CARTER gives an account of folk lore in
reference to Osmotherley, and expresses a desire
to know if his statement is authentic. I have en-
deavoured to make myself acquainted with York-
shire folk lore, and beg to inform MR. CARTER
that his statement approaches as near the truth as
possible. In my early days I frequently had re-
cited to me, by a respectable farmer who had been
educated on the borders of Roseberry (and who
obtained it from the rustics of the neighbour-
hood), a poetical legend, in which all the parti-
culars of this curious tradition are embodied. It
is as follows :
" In Cleveland's vale a village stands,
Though no great prospect it commands ;
As pleasantly for situation
As any village in the nation.
Great Ayton it is call'd by name ;
But though I am no man of fame,
Yet do not take me for a fool,
Because I live near to this town ;
But let us take a walk and see
This noted hill call'd Roseberry,
Compos'd of many a cragged stone,
Resembling all one solid cone,
Which, monumental-like, have stood
Ever since the days of Noah's flood.
Here cockles .... petrified,
As by the curious have been tried,
Have oft been found upon its top,
'Tis thought the Deluge had cast up.
'Tis mountains high (you may see that),
Though not compar'd with Ararat.
Yet oft at sea it doth appear,
To ships that northern climates steer,
A land-mark, when the weather 's clear.
If many ships at sea there be,
A charming prospect then you'll sec ;
Don't think I fib, when this you're reading,
They look like sheep on mountains feeding.
ear./
FB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
153
Then turn your eyes on the other hand
As pleasing' views you may command.
For thirty miles or more, they say,
The country round you may survey,
"When the air 's serene and clear the day
There is a cave near to its top,
Vulgarly call'd the Cobbler's Shop,
By Nature form'd out of the rock,
And able to withstand a shock.
On the north side there is a well,
Relating which this Fame doth tell :
Prince Oswy had his nativity
Computed by astrology,
That he unnatural death should die.
His mother to this well did fly
To save him from sad destiny ;
But one day sleeping in the shade,
Supposing all secure was made,
Lo ! sorrow soon gave place to joy ;
This well sprung up and drown'd the boy."
It is confidently stated, in the neighbourhood
of Osraotherley and Roseberry, that Prince Oswy
and his mother were both interred at Osmotherley,
from whence comes the name of the place, Os-by-
his-mother-lay, or Osmotherley. THOMAS GILL.
Easingwold.
ECHO rOETEY.
(Vol. ix., p. 51.)
As another and historically-interesting specimen
of echo poetry, perhaps the readers of " N/. & Q."
may not dislike to see preserved in your pages the
following translation from the French. The ori-
ginal publication, it is said, exposed the bookseller,
Palm of Nuremberg, to trial by court-martial. He
was sentenced to be shot at Braunau in 1807 a
severe retribution for a few lines of echo poetry.
It is entitled
" Bonaparte and the Echo.
Son. Alone, I am in this sequestered spot not over-
heard.
Echo. Heard!
Bon. 'Sdeath ! Who answers me? What being is there
nigh?
Echo. I.
Bon. Now I guess ! To report my accents Echo has
made her task.
Echo. Ask.
Bon. Knowest thou whether London will henceforth
continue to resist ?
Echo. Resist.
Bon. Whether Vienna and other Courts will oppose
me always ?
Echo. Always.
Bon. O, Heaven ! what must I expect after so many
reverses ?
Echo. Reverses.
Bon. What? should I, like a coward vile, to com-
pound be reduced ?
Echo. Reduced.
Bon. After so many bright exploits be forced to resti-
tution ?
Echo. Restitution.
Bon. Restitution of what I've got by true heroic feats
and martial address?
Echo. Yes.
Bon. What will be the fate of so much toil and trouble?
Echo. Trouble.
Bon. What will become of my people, already too un-
happy ?
Echo. Happy.
Bon. What should I then be, that I think myself im-
mortal ?
Echo. Mortal.
Bon. The whole world is filled with the glory of my
name, you know.
Echo. No.
Bon. Formerly its fame struck this vast globe with
terror.
Echo. Error.
Bon. Sad Echo, begone ! I grow infuriate ! I die !
Echo. Die!"
It may be added that Napoleon himself (Voice
from St. Helena, vol. i. p. 432.), when asked about
the execution of Palm, said :
" All that I recollect is, that Palm was arrested by
order of Davoust, I believe, tried, condemned, and
shot, for having, while the country was in possession of
the French and under military occupation, not only
excited rebellion amongst the inhabitants, and urged
them to rise and massacre the soldiers, but also at-
tempted to instigate the soldiers themselves to refuse
obedience to their orders, and to mutiny against their
generals. I believe that he met with a fair trial."
JAS. J. SCOTT.
Hampstead.
BLACKGUARD.
(Vol. ix., p. 15.)
In a curious old pamphlet of twenty-three pages,
entitled Everybody's Business is Nobody's Busi-
ness answered Paragraph ly Paragraph, by a
Committee of Women-Servants and Footmen,
London, printed by T. Read for the author, and
sold by the booksellers of London, and . . . price
one penny (without date), the following passage
occurs :
" The next great Abuse among us is, that under the
Notion of cleaning our Shoes, above ten Thousand
Wicked, Idle, Pilfering Vagrants are permitted to
stroll about our City and Suburbs. These are called
the Black- Guard, who Black your Honour's Shoes, and
incorporate themselves under the Title of the Worship-
ful Company of Japanners. But the Subject is so low
that it becomes disagreeable even to myself; give me
leave therefore to propose a Way to clear the streets
of those Vermin, and to substitute as many honest
and industrious persons in their stead, who are now
starving for want of bread, while these execrable vil-
154
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 225.
lains live (though in Rags and Nastiness) yet in Plenty
and Luxury."
" A(nswer). The next Abuse you see is, Black your
shoes, your Honour, and the Japanners stick in his
Stomach. We shall not take upon us to answer for these
pitiful Scrubs, but in his own words ; the Subject is so
low, that it becomes disagreeable even to us, as it does
even to himself, and he may clear the Streets of these
Vermin in what Manner he pleases if the Law will give
Mm leave, for we are in no want of them ; we are better
provided for already in that respect by our Masters and
their Sons"
G.N.
The following lines by Charles, Earl of Dorset
and Middlesex (the writer of the famous old song
" To all you ladies now at land"), are an instance
of the application of this term to the turbulent
link-boys, against whom the proclamation quoted
by MR. CUNNINGHAM was directed. Their date is
probably a short time before that of the procla-
mation :
" Belinda's sparkling wit and eyes,
United cast so fierce a light,
As quickly flashes, quickly dies ;
Wounds not the heart, but burns the sight.
Love is all gentleness, Love is all joy ;
Sweet are his looks, and soft his pace :
Her Cupid is a black-guard boy,
That runs his link full in your face,"
F. E. E.
"WURM, IN MODERN GERMAN PASSAGE IN
SCHILLER'S " WALLENSTEIN."
(Vol. viii., pp. 464. 624. ; Vol. ix., p. 63.)
I believe MR. KEIGHTLEY is perfectly right in
his conjecture, so far as Schiller is concerned.
Wurm, without any prefix, had the sense of ser-
pent in German. Adelung says it was used for
all animals without feet whojmove on their bellies,
serpents among the rest. Schiller does not seem
to have had Shakspeare in his thoughts, but the
proverb quoted by Adelung :
" Auch das friedlichste Wurmchen beiszt, wenn man
es treten will."
In this proverb there is evidently an allusion to the
serpent, as if of the same nature with the worm ;
which, as we know, 1 ^ neither stings nor bites the
foot which treads on it. Shakspeare therefore
says "will turn," makingv a distinction, which
Schiller does not make. In the translation Cole-
ridge evidently had Shakspeare in his recollection ;
but he has not lost Schiller's idea, which gives the
worm a serpent's sting. Vermo is applied both by
Dante and Ariosto to the Devil, as the " great
serpent :"
" . . . . .1' mi presi
Al pel del vermo reo, che '1 mondo fora."
Inferno, C. xxxv.
" Che al gran vermo infernal mette la briglia."
Orlando furioso, C. XLV. st. 84.
E. C. H.
With deference to C. B. d'O., I consider that
Wurm is used, in poetry at least, to designate any
individual of the tribe of reptiles. In the Kampf
mit dem Drachen, the rebuke of the " Master" is
thus conveyed :
" Du bist ein Gott dem Volke worden,
Du kommst ein Feind zuriick dem Orden,
Und einen schlimmern Wurm gebar.
Dein Herz, als deiser Drache war,
Die Schlanae die das Herz vergiftet,
Die Zwietracht und Verderben stiftet !"
The monster which had yielded to the prowess
of the disobedient son of the "Order" is elsewhere
called " der Wurm : "
" Hier hausete der Wurm und lag,
Den Raub erspahend Nacht und Tag ; "
while the " counterfeit presentment" of it " Alles
bild ich iiach genau" is delineated in the follow-
ing lines :
" In eine Schlanae endigt sich,
Des Riickens ungeheure Lange
Halb Wurm erschien, halb Molch und Drache."
The word in ^question is in this passage applic-
able perhaps to the serpent section, but we have
seen that it is used to denote the entire living
animal. A. L.
Middle Temple.
WAS SHAKSPEARE DESCENDED FROM A LANDED
PROPRIETOR ?
(Vol. ix., p. 75.)
I am inclined to think that MR. HALLIWELL has
been misled by his old law-books, for upon looking
at the principal authorities upon this point, I
cannot find any such interpretation of the term
inheritance as that quoted by him from Cowell.
The words "the inheritance," in the passage
" heretofore the inheritance of William Shakspeare,
Gent., deceased," would most certainly appear ^to
imply that Shakspeare inherited the lands as heir-
at-law to some one. But, however, it must not
be concluded upon this alone that ^the poet's
father was a landed proprietor, as the inheritance
could proceed from any other ancestor to whom
Shakspeare was by law heir.
Blackstone, in his Commentaries, has the follow-
ing :
" Descent, or hereditary succession, is the title
whereby a man on the death of his ancestor acquires
his estate by right of representation, as his heir-at-law.
An heir, therefore, is he upon whom the law casts the
estate immediately on the death of the ancestor : and
an estate, so descending to the heir, is in Law called the
inheritance.'" Vol. ii. p. 201.
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
155
Again :
" Purchase, perquisitlo, taken in its largest and most
extensive sense, is thus defined by Littleton ; the pos-
session of lands and tenements which a man hath by
his own act or agreement, and not by descent from any
of his ancestors or kindred. In this sense it is contra-
distinguished from acquisition by right of blood, and
includes every other method of coming to an estate,
but merely that by inheritance : wherein the title is vested
in a person, not by his own act or agreement, but by
the single operation of law." Vol. ii. p. 241.
Thus it is clear the possession of an estate by
inheritance is created only by a person being heir
to it ; and the mere purchase of it, though it vests
the fee simple in him, can but make him the assign
and not the heir. The nomination (as it would be
in the case of a purchase) of an heir to succeed to
the inheritance, has no place in the English law ;
the maxim being "Solus Deus haeredem facere
potest, non homo ; " and all other persons, whom a
tenant in fee simple may please to appoint as his
successors, are not his heirs but his assigns. (See
Williams on the Law of Real Property.)
RUSSELL GOLE.
MR. HALLIWELL is perfectly right in his opinion
as to the expression " heretofore the inheritance of
William Shakspeare." All that that expression in
a deed means is, that Shakspeare was the absolute
owner of the estate, so that he could sell, grant, or
devise it ; and in case he did not do so, it would
descend to his heir-at-law. The term has no re-
ference to the mode by which the estate came to
Shakspeare, but only to the nature of the estate
he had in the property. And as a man may be-
come possessed of such an estate in land by gift,
purchase, devise, adverse possession, &c., as well
as by descent from some one else, the mere fact
that a man has such an estate affords no inference
whatever as to the mode in which he became pos-
sessed of it. The authorities on the subject are
Littleton, section ix., and Co. Litt., p. 16. (a), &c.
A case is there mentioned so long ago as the
6 Edw. III., where, in an action of waste, the
plaintiff alleged that the defendant held < de heere-
ditate sua," and it was ruled that, albeit the plain-
tiff had purchased the reversion, the allegation
was sufficient.
In very ancient deeds the word is very com-
monly used where it cannot mean an estate that
has descended to an heir, but must mean an estate
that may descend to an heir. Thus, in a grant I
have (without date, and therefore probably before
A.D. 1300), Robert de Boltone grants land to
John, the son of Geoffrey, to be held by the said
John and his heirs " in feodo et hsereditate in per-
petuum." This plainly shows that hcereditas is
here used as equivalent to " fee simple." I have
also sundry other equally ancient deeds, by which
lands were granted to be held "jure hsereditaris,"
or " libere, quiete, hcereditarie, et in pace." Now
these expressions plainly indicate, not that the
land has descended to the party as heir, but that
it is granted to him so absolutely that it may de-
scend to his heir ; in other words, that an estate of
inheritance, and not merely for life or for years, is
granted by the deed. S. G. C.
MR. HALLJWELL'S exposition of the term " in-
heritance," quoted from the Shakspeare deed, is
substantially correct, and there can be no question
but that the sentence " heretofore the inheritance
of William Shakspeare, Gent., deceased," was in-
troduced in such deed, simply to show that Shak-
speare was formerly the absolute owner in fee
simple of the premises comprised therein, and not
to indicate that he had acquired them by descent,
either as heir of his father or mother, although he
might have done so. As MR. HALLIWELL appears
to attach some importance to the word "pur-
chase," as used by Cowell in his definition of the
term " inheritance," the following explanation of
the word " purchase " may not prove unacceptable
to him.
Purchase " Acquisitum, perquisitum, pur-
chasium " signifies the buying or acquisition of
lands and tenements, with money, or by taking
them by deed or agreement, and not by descent or
hereditary right. (Lit. xii. ; Reg. Grig., 143.) In
Law a man is said to come in by purchase when he
acquires lands by legal conveyance, and he hath a
lawful estate ; and a purchase is always intended
by title, either from some consideration or by gift
(for a gift is in Law a purchase), whereas descent
from an ancestor cometh of course by act of law ;
also all contracts are comprehended under this
word purchase. (Coke on Littleton, xviii., " Doc-
tor and Student," c. 24.) Purchase, in opposition
to descent, is taken largely : if an estate comes to
a man from his ancestors without writing, that is
a descent ; but where a person takes an estate
from an ancestor or others, by deed, will, or gift,
and not as heir-at-law, that is a purchase. This
explanation might be extended, but it is not ne-
cessary to carry it farther for the purpose of MR.
HALLIWELL'S inquiry. CHARLECOTE.
The word " inheritance " was used for heredita-
ment, the former being merely the French form,
the latter the Latin. Littleton ( 9.) says :
" Et est ascavoir que cest parol (enheritance) nest
pas tant solement entendus lou home ad terres ou tene-
mentes per discent de heritage, mes auxi chescun fee
simple ou taile que home ad per son purchase puit
estre dit enheritance, pur ceo que ses heires luy pur-
ront enheriter. Car en briefe de droit que home por-
tera de terre, que fuit de son purchase demesne, le
briefe dira : Quam clamat esse jus et hereditamentum
suum. Et issint serra dit en divers auters briefes, que
home ou feme portera de son purchase demesne, come
il appiert per le Register."
156
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 225.
The word is still in use, and signifies what is
capable of being inherited. H. P.
Lincoln's Inn.
LORD FAIRFAX.
(Vol. ix., p. 10.)
Your correspondent W. H. M. has called my
attention to his Note, and requested me to answer
the third of his Queries.
The present rightful heir to the barony of Fair-
fax, should he wish to claim it, is a citizen of the
United States, and a resident in the State of Vir-
ginia. He is addressed, as any other American
gentleman would be, Mr., when personally spoken
to, and as an Esquire in correspondence.
A friend of mine, Captain W., has thus kindly
answered the other Queries of W. H. M. :
1. Sir Thomas Fairfax of Denton in Yorkshire
was employed in several diplomatic affairs by
Queen Elizabeth, and particularly in negotiations
with James VI. of Scotland. By Charles I. he
was created a peer of Scotland, his patent having
been dated at Whitehall on Oct. 18, A.D. 1627.
2. The family of Fairfax never possessed pro-
perty, or land, in Scotland, and had no connexion
with that country beyond their peerage. Many
English gentlemen were created peers of Scotland
by the Stuart kings, although unconnected with
the nation by descent or property. I may cite
the following instances : The old Yorkshire
House of Constable of Burton received a peerage
in the person of Sir Henry Constable of Burton
and Halsham; by patent, dated Nov. 14, 1620, Sir
Henry was created Viscount D unbar and Lord
Constable. Sir Walter Aston of Tixal in Staf-
fordshire, Bart., was created Baron Aston of For-
far by Charles I., Nov. 28, 1627. And, lastly, Sir
Thomas Osborne of Kineton, Bart, was created by
Charles II., Feb. 2, 1673, Viscount Dumblane.
3. Answered.
4. William Fairfax, fourth son of Henry Fair-
fax of Tolston, co. York, second son of Henry,
fourth Lord Fairfax, settled in New England in
America, and was agent for his cousin Thomas,
sixth lord, and had the entire management of his
estates in Virginia. His third and only surviving
son, Bryan Fairfax, was in holy orders, and re-
sided in the United States. On the death of
Robert, seventh Lord Fairfax, July 15, 1793, this
Bryan went to England and preferred his claim to
the peerage, which was determined in his favour
by the House of Lords. He then returned to
America. Bryan Fairfax married a Miss Eli-
zabeth Gary, and had several children. (Vide
Douglas, and Burke's Peerage.')
There are several English families who possess
Scottish peerages, but they are derived from Scot-
tish ancestors, as Talmash, Radclyffe, Eyre, &c.
Perhaps the writer may be permitted to inform
your correspondent W. H. M. that the term "sub-
ject" is more commonly and correctly applied to
a person who owes allegiance to a crowned head,
and "citizen" to one who is born^and lives under
a republican form of government. L W. W.
Malta.
1. Thomas, first Lord Fairfax (descended from
a family asserted to have been seated at Towcester,
co. Northampton, at the time of the Norman inva-
sion and subsequently of note in Yorkshire), ac-
companied the Earl of Essex into France, temp.
Eliz., and was knighted by him in the camp be-
fore Rouen. He was created a peer of Scotland,
4th May, 1627 ; but why of Scotland, or for what
services, I know not.
2. I cannot discover that the family ever pos-
sessed lands in Scotland. They were formerly
owners of Denton Castle, co. York (which they
sold to the family of Ibbetson, Barts.), and after-
wards of Leeds Castle, Kent.
3. Precise information on this point is looked
for from some transatlantic correspondent.
4. The claim of the Rev. Bryan, eighth Lord
Fairfax, was admitted by the House of Lords,
6th May, 1800 (H. L. Journals). He was, I pre-
sume, born befpre the acknowledgment of inde-
pendence.
5. The title seems to be erroneously retained in.
the Peerages, as the gentleman now styled Lord
Fairfax cannot, it is apprehended, be a natural-
born subject of the British Crown, or capable of
inheriting the dignity. It seems, therefore, that
the peerage, if not extinct, awaits another claimant.
As a direct authority, I may refer to the case of
the Scottish earldom of Newburgh, in the suc-
cession to which the next heir (the Prince Gusti-
niani), being an alien, was passed over as a legal
nonentity. (See Jtiddell on Scottish Peerages,
p. 720.) There is another case not very easily
reconcilable with the last, viz. that of the Earl of
Athlone, who, though a natural-born subject of the
Prince of Orange, was on 10th March, 1795, per-
mitted to take his seat in the House of Lords in
Ireland (Journals H. L. L). Perhaps some cor-
respondent will explain this case. H. Gr.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Mr. Lyte on Collodion. When I had the pleasure
of meeting you in London, I promised that I would
write to you from this place, and give you a detailed
account of my method of making the collodion, of
which I left a sample with you ; but since then I have
been making a series of experiments, with a view, first,
to simplifying my present formulae, and next, to pro-
duce two collodions, one of great sensibility, the other
of rather slower action, but producing better half-
tones. I have also been considering the subject of
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
157
printing, and the best methods of producing those
beautiful black tints which are so much prized ; and I
think that, although the processes formerly given all
of them produce this effect with tolerable certainty,
yet many operators, in common with myself, have met
with the most provoking failures on this head, where
they felt the most certain of good results.
1 do not pretend to make a collodion which is
different in its ingredients from that compounded by
others. The only thing is that I am anxious to de-
fine the best proportions for making it, and to give a
formula which even the most unpractised operator may
work hy. First, to produce the collodion I always use
the soluble paper prepared according to the method
indicated by MR. CROOKES, and to which I adverted in
'N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 252. Take cf colourless
nitric acid of 1 '50, and sulphuric acid of 1'60, equal
quantities by measure, and mix them ; then plunge into
the mixture as much of the best Swedish filtering
paper (Papier Joseph is also very good) as the liquid
will cover ; it must be placed in it a single piece at a
time. Cover the basin, and let it remain a night, or
at least some hours. Then pour off the liquid, and
wash the paper till its washings cease to taste the least
acid, or to redden litmus paper. Then dry it. Of
this paper I take 180 grains to one pint of ether, and
having placed them together, I add alcohol drop by
drop, till the ether begins to dissolve the paper, which
will be denoted by the paper becoming quite trans-
parent. I have rather increased the quantity of paper
to be added, as the after treatment rather thins the
collodion. This, when shaken up and completely dis-
solved, forms the collodion. To sensitize I use two
preparations, one prepared with potassium, the other
with ammonium compounds ; and, contrary to what
many operators find the case, I find that the potassium
gives the most rapid results. To prepare the po-
tassium sensitizer, I take two bottles of, we will sup-
pose, 6 oz. each ; into one of these I put about half an
ounce of iodide of potassium in fine powder, and into
the other an equal quantity of bromide of potassium,
also pounded ; we will call these No. 1 . and No. 2.
I fill the bottle No. 1. with absolute alcohol, taking
great care that there is no oxide of amyle in it, as that
seriously interferes with the action of the collodion.
After leaving the alcohol in No. 1. for two hours, or
thereabouts, constantly shaking it, let it settle, and
when quite clear decant it off into No. 2., where leave
it again, with constant shaking, for two hours, and
when settled decant the clear liquid into a third bottle
for use. The oxide of amyle may be detected by
taking a portion of the alcohol between the palms of
the hands, and rubbing them together, till the alcohol
evaporates, after which, should oxide of amyle be
present, it will easily be detected by its smell, which
is not unlike that exhaled by a diseased potato. Of
the liquid prepared, take one part to add to every three
parts of collodion. The next, or ammonium sensitizer,
is made as follows. Take
Absolute alcohol - - - 10 oz.
Iodide of ammon. - 100 grs.
Bromide of ammon. - - - 25 grs.
Mix, and when dissolved, take one part to three of
collodion, as before. I feel certain that on a strict
adherence to the correct proportion depends all the
success of photography ; and as we find in the kindred
process of the daguerreotype, that if we add too much
or too little of the bromine sensitizer, we make the
plate less sensitive, so in this process. When making
the first of these sensitizers, I always in each case let
the solution attain a temperature of about 60 before
decanting, so as to attain a perfectly equable compound
on all occasions.
In the second, or ammonium sensitizer, the solution
may be assisted by a moderate heat, and when again
cooled, may advantageously be filtered to separate any
sediment which may exist ; but neither of these liquids
should ever be exposed to great cold.
I dissolve in my batli of nitrate of silver as much
freshly precipitated bromide of silver as it will take up.
Next, as to the printing of positives to obtain black
tints, the only condition necessary to produce this re-
sult is having an acid nitrate bath ; whether the posi-
tive be printed on albumen paper, or common salted
paper, the result will always be the same. I have
tried various acids in the bath, viz. nitric, sulphuric,
tartaric, and acetic, and prefer the latter, as being the
most manageable, and having a high equivalent. The
paper I now constantly use is common salted paper,
prepared as follows. Take
Chloride of barium
Chloride of ammon.
Chloride of potassium -
Water -
- 180 grs.
- 100 grs.
- 140 grs.
- 10 oz.
Mix, and pour into a dish and lay the paper on the
liquid, wetting only one side ; when it has lain there
for about five minutes if French paper has been used,
if English paper till it ceases to curl and falls flat on
the liquid, let it be hung up by a bent pin to dry.
These salts are better than those generally recom-
mended, as they do not form such deliquescent salts
when decomposed as the chloride of sodium does, and
for this reason I should have even avoided the chloride
of ammonium, only that it so much assists the tints ;
however, in company with the other salts, the nitrate
of ammon. formed does not much take up the atmo-
spheric moisture, and I have never found it stain an
even unvarnished negative. To sensitize this paper
take
Nitrate of silver
Acetic acid, glacial
Water -
- 500 grs.
- 2 drs.
- 5oz.
Mix, and lay the paper on this solution for not less
than five minutes, and if English paper, double that
time. The hyposulphite to be used may be a very
strong solution of twenty to twenty-five per cent., and
this mode of treatment will always be found to produce
fine tints. After some time it will be found that the
nitrate bath will lose its acidity, and a drachm of acetic
acid may be again added, when the prints begin to
take a red tone : this will again restore the blacks.
Lastly, the bath may of itself get too weak, and then
it will be best to place it on one side, and recover the
silver by any of the usual methods, and make a new-
bath. One word about the addition of the bromide of
158
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 225.
silver to the double iodide, as recommended by DR.
DIAMOND. I tried this, and feel most confident that it
produces no difference ; as soon as the bromide of
silver comes in contact with the iodide of potassium,
double decomposition ensues, and iodide of silver is
formed. Indeed, farther, this very double decompo-
sition, or a similar one, is the basis of a patent I have
just taken for at the same time refining silver and ma-
nufacturing iodide of potassium ; a process by which I
much hope the enormous present price of iodide of
potassium will be much lowered. F. MAXWELL LYTE.
Hotel de 1'Europe,
a Pau, Basses Pyrenees.
P. S. Since writing the former part of this letter, I
see in La Lumidre a paper on the subject of printing
positives, in part of which the addition of nitric acid is
recommended to the bath ; but as my experiments have
been quite independent of theirs, and my process one
of a different nature, I still send it to you. When I
have an opportunity, I will send a couple of specimens
of my workmanship. I had prepared some for- the
Exhibition, but could not get them off in time. I may
add that the developing agent I use is the same in
every way as that I have before indicated through the
medium of your pages ; but where formic acid cannot
be got, the best developer is made as follows :
Pyrogallic acid - - - -27 grs.
Acetic acid - -. - - 6 drs.
Water - - -. - - 9 oz.
On Sensitive Collodion. As I have lately received
many requests from friends upon the subject of the
most sensitive collodion, I am induced to send you a
few words upon it.
Since my former communication, I believe a greater
certainty of manufacture has been attained, whereby
the operator may more safely rely upon uniformity of
success.
I have not only tried every purchasable collodion,
but my experiments have been innumerable, especially
in respect to the ammoniated salts, and I may, I think,
safely affirm that all preparations containing ammonia
ought to be rejected. Often, certainly, great rapidity
of action is obtained ; but that collodion which acted
so well on one day may, on the following, become
comparatively useless, from the change which appears
so frequently to take place in the ammoniacai com-
pounds. That blackening and fogging, of which so
much has been said, I much think is one of the results
of ammonia ; but not having, in my own manipula-
tions, met with the difficulty, I have little personal
experience upon the subject.
The more simple a collodion is the better ; and the
following, from its little varyihg and active qualities, I
believe to be equal to any now in use.
A great deal has also been said upon the preparation
of the simple collodion, and that some samples, however
good apparently, never sensitize in a satisfactory man-
ner. I have not experienced this difficulty myself, or
any appreciable variation.
The collodion made from the Swedish filtering
paper, or the papier Joseph, is preferable, from the
much greater care with which it is used.
If slips of either of these papers be carefully and
completely immersed for four hours in a mixture of an
equal part (by weight) of strong nitric acid or nitrous
acid (the aqua fortis of commerce) and strong sulphuric
acid, then perfectly washed, so as to get entirely rid of
the acids, the result will be an entirely soluble mate-
rial. About 100 grains of dry paper to a pint (twenty
ounces) of ether will form a collodion of the desired
consistence for photographic purposes. If too thick, it
may be reduced by pure ether or alcohol. However
carefully this soluble paper or the gun cotton is pre-
pared, it is liable to decompose even when kept with
care. I would therefore advise it to be mixed with
the ether soon after preparation, as the simple collodion,
keeps exceedingly well. Excellent simple collodion is
to be procured now at the reasonable price of eight
shillings the pint, which will to many be more satis-
factory than trusting to their own operations.
To make the sensitizing Fluid. Put into a clean
stoppered bottle, holding more than the quantity re-
quired so as to allow of free shaking, six drachms of
iodide of potassium and one drachm of bromide of
potassium ; wet them with one drachm of distilled
water first, then pour into the bottle ten ounces of
spirits of wine (not alcohol) ; shake frequently until
dissolved. After some hours, if the solution has not
taken place, add a few more drops of water, the salts
being highly soluble in water, though sparingly so in
rectified spirits ; but care must be taken not to add too
much, as it prevents the subsequent adhesion of the col-
lodion film to the^ glass.
A drachm and a half to two drachms, according to
the degree of intensity desired, added to the ounce of
the above collodion, which should have remained a few
days to settle before sensitizing, I find to act most sa-
tisfactorily ; in fine weather it is instantaneous, being,
after a good shake, fit for immediate use. If the sensi-
tive collodion soon assumes a reddish colour, it is im-
proved by the addition of one or two drops of a satu-
rated solution of cyanide of potassium ; but great care
must be used, as this salt is very active.
HUGH W. DIAMOND.
t0 dKtnor
Portrait of Aha (Vol. ix., p. 76.). There is
a fine portrait of the Duke of Alva in the Royal
Museum at Amsterdam, by D. Barendz (No. 14.
in the Catalogue of 1848) ; and MR. WARDEN will
find a spirited etching of him, decorated with the
Order of the Golden Fleece, in the Historia Bel-
gica of Meteranus (folio, 1597), at p. 63. The
latter portrait is very Quixotic in aspect at the
first glance, but the expression becomes more
Satanic as the eye rests on it. LANCASTRIENSIS.
Lord Mayor of London not a Privy Councillor
(Vol. iv. passim; Vol. ix., p. 137.). L. HARTLY
a little misstates Mr. Serjeant Merewether's evi-
dence. The learned serjeant only said that " he
believed" the fact was so. But he was un-
doubtedly mistaken, probably from confounding
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
159
the Privy Council (at which the Lord Mayor
never appeared) with a meeting of other persons
(nobility, gentry, and others), who assemble on
the same occasion in a different room, and to
which meeting (altogether distinct from the Privy
Council) the Lord Mayor is always summoned, as
are the sheriffs, aldermen, and a number of other
notabilities, not privy councillors. This matter is
conclusively explained in Vol. iv., p. 284. ; but if
more particular evidence be required, it will be
found in the London Gazette of the 20th June,
1837, where the names of the privy councillors
are given in one list to the number of eighty- three,
and in another list the names of the persons at-
tending the meeting to the number of above 150,
amongst whom are the lord mayor, sheriffs, under-
sheriffs, aldermen, common Serjeants, city solicitor,
&c. As " N. & Q." has reproduced the mistake,
it is proper that it should also reproduce the ex-
planation. C.
New Zealander and Westminster Bridge (Yol.ix.,
p. 74.). Before I saw the thought in Walpole's
letter to Sir H. Mann, quoted in " N". & Q.," I
ventured to suppose that Mrs. Barbauld's noble
poem, Eighteen Hundred and Eleven, might have
suggested Mr. Macaulay's well-known passage.
The following extracts describe the wanderings of
those who
" With duteous zeal, their pilgrimage shall take,
From the blue mountains on Ontario's lake,
With fond adoring steps to press the sod,
By statesmen, sages, poets, heroes, trod."
" Pensive and thoughtful shall the wanderers greet
Each splendid square, and still untrodden street ;
Or of some crumbling turret, mined by time,
The broken stairs with perilous step shall climb,
Thence stretch their view the wide horizon round,
By scatter'd hamlets trace its ancient bound,
And choked no more with fleets, fair^Thames survey,
Through reeds and sedge pursue his idle way.
Oft shall the strangers turn their eager feet,
The rich remains of ancient art to greet,
The pictured walls with critic eye explore,
And Reynolds be what Raphael was before.
On spoils from every clime their eyes shall gaze,
Egyptian granites and the Etruscan vase ;
And when, 'midst fallen London, they survey
The stone where Alexander's ashes lay,
Shall own with humble pride the lesson just,
By Time's slow finger written in the dust."
J. M.
Cranwells, near Bath.
The beautiful conception of the New Zealander
at some future period visiting England, and giving
a sketch of the ruins of London, noticed in " N. &
Q." as having been suggested to Macaulay by a
passage in one of Walpole's letters to Sir H. Mann,
will be found more broadly expressed in Kirke
White's Poem on Time. Talking of the triumphs
of Oblivion, he says :
" Meanwhile the Arts, in second infancy,
Rise in some distant clime; and then, perchance,
Some bold adventurer, fill'd with golden dreams,
Steering his bark through trackless solitudes,
Where, to his wandering thoughts, no daring prow
Had ever plough'd before, espies the cliffs
Of fallen Albion. To the land unknown
He journeys joyful ; and perhaps descries
Some vestige of her ancient stateliness :
Then he with vain conjecture fills his mind
Of the unheard-of race, which had arrived
At science in that solitary nook,
Far from the civil world ; and sagely sighs,
And moralises on the state of man."
This hardly reads like a borrowed idea ; and I
should lean to a belief that it was not. Kirke
White's Poems and Letters are but too little read.
.J. S.
Dalston.
Cui Bono (Vol. ix., p. 76.). Reference to a
dictionary would have settled this. According to
Freund, "Cui bono fuit = Zu welcheni Zwecke,
or Wozu war es gut ?" That is, To what purpose ?
or, For whose good ? CABNATIC.
The syntax of this common phrase, with the
ellipses supplied, is, " Cui homini fuerit bono ne-
gotio?" To what person will it be an advantage?
Literally, or more freely rendered, Who will be
the gainer by it ? It was (see Ascon. in Cicer.
pro Milone^ c. xii.) the usual query of Lucius
Cassius, the Roman judge, implying that the
person benefiting by any crime was implicated
therein. (Consult Facciolati's Diet, in voce Bo-
NUM.) UK.
The correct rendering of this phrase is un-
doubtedly that given by F. NEWMAN, " For the be-
nefit of whom ?" but it is generally used in such a
manner as to make it indifferent whether that, or
the corrupted signification " For what good ? " was
intended by the writer making use of it. The
latter is, however, the idea generally conveyed to
the mind, and in this sense it is used by the best
writers. Thus, e. g. :
" The question ' cui bono,' to what practical end
and advantage do your researches tend ? is one," &c.
Herschel's Discourse on Nat. Philosophy, p. 10.
WILLIAM BATES.
Birmingham.
Barrels Regiment (Vol. viii., p. 620. ; Vol. ix.,
p. 63.). I am obliged to H. B. C. for his atten-
tion to my Query, though it does not quite answer
my purpose, which was to learn the circumstances
which occasioned a print in my possession, en-
titled "The Old Scourge returned to Barrels."
It represents a regiment, the body of each sol-
160
NOTES AND QUEEIES.
[No. 225,
(Her being in the form of a barrel, drawn up
within view of Edinburgh Castle. A soldier is
tied up to the halberts in order to be flogged ;
the drummer intercedes : " Col., he behaved well
at Culloden." An officer also intercedes : " Pray
Col. forgive him, he's a good man." The Col.'s
reply is, " Flog the villain, ye rascal." Under the
print "And ten times a day whip the Barrels."
I want to know who this flogging Col. was ; and
anything more about him which gained for him
the unenviable title of Old Scourge. E. H.
Sir Matthew Hale (Vol. ix., p. 77.). From
Sir Matthew Hale, who was born at Alderley, de-
scends the present family of Hale of Alderley, co.
Gloucestershire. The eldest son of the head of
the family represents West Gloucestershire in par-
liament. The Estcourts of Estcourt, co. Glouces-
tershire, are, I believe, also connexions of the
family of Hale. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
The descendants of Sir Matthew Hale still live
at Alderley, near Wotton Underedge, in Glouces-
tershire. I believe a Mr. Blagdon married the
heiress of Hale, and took her name. The late
Robert Blagdon Hale, Esq., married Lady Theo-
dosia Bourke, daughter of the late Lord Mayo,
and had two sons. Robert, the eldest, and present
possessor of Alderley, married a Miss Holford.
Matthew, a clergyman, also married ; who appears
by the Clergy List to be Archdeacon of Adelaide,
South Australia. Mr. John Hale, of Gloucester,
is their uncle, and has a family.
JULIA R. BOCKETT.
Southcote Lodge.
The Hales of Alderley in Gloucestershire claim
descent from Sir Matthew Hale, born and buried
there. (See Atkins, p. 107. ; Rudder, p. 218. ; and
Bigland, p. 30.) When Mr. Hale of Alderley was
High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1826, the judge
then on circuit made a complimentary allusion -to
it in court. The descent is in the female line,
and the name was assumed in 1784.
LANCASTRIENSIS.
Scotch Grievance (Vol.ix., p. 74.). The Scot-
tish coins of James VI., Charles I., William,
have on the reverse a shield, bearing 1. and 4.
Scotland ; 2. France and England quarterly ;
3. Irish harp. EDW. HAWKINS.
V
Under this head A DESCENDANT OF SCOTTISH
KINGS asks : " Can any coin be produced, from
the accession of James VI. to the English throne,
on which the royal arms are found, with Scotland
in the first quarter, and England in the second?"
Will you kindly inform your querist, that in my
Collection I have several such coins, viz. a shilling
of Charles I. ; a mark of Charles IL, date 1669 ; a
forty-shilling piece of William III., date 1697 :
on each Scotland is first and third. I shall be
most happy to submit these to your inspection, or
send them for the satisfaction of your correspon-
dent. F. J. WILLIAMS.
24. Mark Lane.
"Merciful Judgments of High Church" frc.
(Vol. ix., p. 97.). The author of this tract, ac-
cording to the Bodleian Catalogue, was Matthew
Tindal. 'ATuews.
Dublin.
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (Vol. ix.,
p. 105.). I can refer A. S. to Camden's History
of Elizabeth, where, under the year 1588, it is re-
lated,
" Neither was the publick joy anything abated by
Leicester's death, who about this time, namely, on the
4th day of September, died of a continuall fever upon
the way as he went towards Killingworth."
I can also refer him to Sir William Dugdale's
Baronage of England, vol. ii. p. 222., where I
find it stated that he
" Design'd to retire unto his castle at Kenilworth.
But being on his journey thitherwards, at Cornbury
Park in Com. Oxon., he died upon the fourth of Sep-
tember, an. 1588, of a feaver, as 'twas said, and was
buried at Warwick, where he hath a noble monument."
But neither in the above writers, nor in any
more recent account of his life, have I seen his
death ascribed to poison. The ground on which
Stanfield Hall has been regarded as the birth-
place of Amy Robsart is, that her parents Sir
John and Lady Elizabeth Robsart resided at
Stanfield Hall in 1546, according to Blomefield in
his History of Norfolk, though where he resided
at his daughter's birth does not appear. 'A\ievs.
Dublin.
Fleet Prison (Vol. ix., p. 76.). A list of the
wardens will be found in Burn's History of Fleet
Marriages, 2nd edit., 1834. Occasional notices of
the under officers will also there be met with, and
a list of wardens' and jailors' fees. S.
The Commons of Ireland previous to the Union
in 1801 (Vol.ix., p. 35.). Allow me to inform
C. H. D. that I have in my possession a copy
(with MS. notes) of Sketches of Irish Political
Characters of the present Day, showing the Parts
they respectively take on the Question of the Union,
what Places they hold, their Characters as Speakers,
frc., 8vo. pp. 312, London, 1799. Is this the
book he wants ? I know nothing of its author,
nor of the Rev. Dr. Scott. ABHBA.
" Les Lettres Juives " (Vol. viii., p. 541.). The
author of Les Lettres Juives was Jean Baptiste de
Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, one of the most prolific
and amusing writers of the eighteenth century.
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
161
His principal works are, Histoire de V Esprit Hu-
main, Les Lettres Juives, Lcs Lettres Chinoises,
Les Lettres Cabalistiques, and his Philosophic du
Ions Sens. Perhaps your correspondent may be
interested to learn that a reply to the Lettres
Juives was published in 1739, La Haye, three
vols. in twelve, by Aubert de la Chenaye Des-
Bois, under the title of Correspondence histonque,
nhilosophique et critique, pour servir de reponse
aux Lettres Juives. HENRY H. BREEN.
Sir PhilipWentworth (Vol. vii., p. 42. ; Vol. viii.,
pp. 104. 184.). In Wright's Essex, vol. i. p. 645.,
Sir Philip Wentworth is said to have married
Mary, daughter of John, Lord Clifford. I do not
recollect that Wright cites authority. I know he
has more than one error respecting the Gonsles,
who are in the same pedigree. ANON.
General Fraser (Vol. viii., p. 586.). Simon
Eraser, Lieut.-Colonel, 24th Regiment, and Bri-
gadier-General, was second in command under
Burfroyne when he advanced from Canada to New
York with 7000 men in 1777. He fell at Still-
water, a short time before the surrender of Bur-
goyne at Saratoga. He was struck by a shot from
a tree, as he was advancing at the head of his
troops; and died of his wound October 7, 1777.
He was buried, as he had desired, in the redoubt
on the field, in the front of the American army
commanded by General Gales. During his in-
terment, the incessant cannonade of the enemy
covered with dust the chaplain and the officers
who assisted in performing the last duties to his
remains, they being within view of the greatest
part of both armies. An impression long pre-
vailed among the officers of Burgoyne's army, that
if Fraser had lived, the issue of the campaign, and
of the whole war, would have been very different
from what it was. Burgoyne is said to have shed
tears at his death. General Eraser's regiment had
been employed under Wolfe in ascending the
Heights of Abraham, Sept. 12, 1759 ; where, both
before and after the fall of Wolfe, the Highlanders
rendered very efficient service. His regiment was
also engaged with three others under Murray at
the battle of Quebec in 1760. Some incidental
mention of General Fraser will be found in Can-
non's History of the Slat Regiment, published by
Furnivall, 30. Whitehall ; but I am not aware of
any memoirs or life of him having been published.
J. C. B.
Namby-Pamby (Vol. viii., pp. 318. 390.).
Henry Carey, the author of Chrononhotonthologos,
and of Ths Dragoness of Wantley, wrote also a
work called Namby-Pamby, in burlesque of Am*
brose Phillips's style of poetry ; and the title of it
was probably intended to trifle with that poet's
name. Mr. Macaulay, in his Essay on Addison and
his Writings, speaks of Ambrose Phillips, who was
a great adulator of Addison, as
" A middling poet, whose verses introduced a spe-
cies of composition which has been called after his
name, Namby-Pamby."
D. W. S.
The Word "Miser" (Vol. ix., p. 12.). Cf. the
use of the word miserable in the sense of miserly,
mentioned amongst other Devonianisms at Vol. vii.,
p. 544. And see Trench's remarks on this word
(Study of Words, p. 38. of 2nd edit.). H. T. G.
Hull.
The Forlorn Hope (Vol. viii., p. 569.), i. c. the
advanced guard. This explains what has al-
ways been to me a puzzling expression in Gur-
nali's Christian in Complete Armour (p. 8. of
Tegg's 8vo. edit., 1845) :
" The fearful are in the forlorn of those that inarch
for hell."
See Rev. xxi. 8., where " the fearful and unbe-
lieving" stand at the head of the list of those who
" shall have their part in the lake which burneth
with fire and brimstone." H. T. G.
Hull.
The true origin and meaning of forlorn hope
has no doubt been fully explained in " N. & Q.,"
Vol. viii., p. 569. Richardson's Dictionary does
not countenance this view, but his example proves
it conclusively. He only gives one quotation,
from North's Plutarch; and as it stands in the
dictionary, it is not easy to comprehend the pas-
sage entirely. On comparing it, however, with
the corresponding passage in Langhorne (Valpy's
edition, vol. iii. p. 97.), and again with Pompei's
Italian version (vol. iii. p. 49.), I have no doubt
that, by the term forlorn hope, North implied
merely an advanced party ; for as he is describing
a pitched battle and not a siege, a modern forlorn
hope would be strangely out of place.
Is enfans perdus the idiomatic French equiva-
lent, or is it only dictionary-French ? And what
is the German or the Italian expression ?
R. GARY BARNARD.
Malta.
Thornton Abbey (Vol. viii., p. 469.). In the
Arch geological Journal, vol. ii. p. 357., may be
found not only an historical and architectural
account of this building, but several views ; with
architectural details of mouldings, &c. H. T. G.
Hull.
" Quid fades" Sfc. (Vol. viii., p. 539. ; Vol. ix.,
5.18.). In a curious work written by the Rev.
ohn Warner, D.D., called Metronariston, these
lines (as printed in Vol. ix., p. 18.) are quoted,
and stated to be
" A punning Epigram on Scylla as a type of Lust,
cited by Barnes."
162
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 225.
I have not the Metronariston with me, and there-
fore cannot refer to the page. D. W. S.
Christ- Cross-Row (Vol. iii., pp. 330. 465.;
Vol. viii., p. 18.). Quarles (Embl. ii. 12.) gives
a passage from St. Augustine commencing,
"Christ's cross is the Christ-cross of all our hap-
piness," but he gives no exact reference.
Wordsworth speaks of
A look or motion of intelligence
From infant conning of the Christ -cross-row."
Excurs. viii. p. 305.
These lines suggest the Query, Is this term for
the alphabet still in use ? and, if so, in what parts
of the country ? EIRIONNACH.
Sir Walter Scott, and his Quotations from himself
(Vol. ix., p. 72.). I beg to submit to you the
following characteristic similarity of expression,
occurring in one of the poems and one of the
novels of Sir Walter Scott. I am not aware
whether attention has been drawn to it in the
letters of Mr. Adolphus and Mr. Heber, as I have
not the work at hand to consult :
" His grasp, as hard as glove of mail,
Forced the red blood-drop from the nail."
Rokeby, Canto i. Stan. 1 5.
" He wrung the Earl's hand with such frantic
earnestness, that his grasp forced the blood to start
under the nail." Legend of Montrose.
K L. T.
Nightingale and Thorn (Vol. viii., p. 527.).
Add Young's Night Thoughts, Night First, vers.
440445. :
" Grief's sharpest thorn hard pressing on my breast,
I strive with wakeful melody to cheer
The sullen gloom, sweet Philomel ! like thee,
And call the stars to listen every star
Is deaf to mine, enamour'd of thy lay."
H. T. G.
Hull.
Female Parish Clerks (Vol. viii., p. 474.).
Within the last half-century, a Mrs. Sheldon dis-
charged the duties of this post at the parish church
of Wheatley, five miles from Oxford, and near
, Cuddesdon, the residence of the Bishop of Oxford.
This clerkship was previously filled by her hus-
band ; but, upon his demise, she became his
successor. It is not a week since that I saw a
relation who was an eye-witness of this fact.
PERCY M. HART.
Stockwell.
Hour-glass Stand (Vol. ix., p. 64.). There is
an hour-glass stand of very quaintly wrought
iron, painted in various colours, attached to the
pulpit at Binfield, Berks. J. R. M., M. A.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The Rev. Edward Trollope, F.S.A., wisely con-
ceiving that an illustrated work, comprising specimens
of the arms, armour, jewellery, furniture, vases, &c.,
discovered at Pompeii and Herculaneum, might be
acceptable to those numerous readers to whom the
magnificent volumes, published by the Neapolitan
government, are inaccessible, has just issued a quarto
volume under the title of Illustrations of Ancient Art,
selected from Objects discovered at Pompeii and Hercu-
laneum. The various materials which he has selected
from the Museo Borbonico, and other works, and a large
number of his own sketches, have been carefully clas-
sified ; and we think few will turn from an examin-
ation of the forty-five plates of Mr. Trollope's admir-
able outlines, without admiring the good taste with
which the various subjects have been selected, and
acknowledging the light which they throw upon the
social condition, the manners, customs, and domestic
life, of the Roman people.
As the great Duke of Marlborough confessed that
he acquired his knowledge of his country's annals in
the historical plays of Shakspeare, so we believe there
are many who find it convenient and agreeable to
study them in Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens
of England. To all such it will be welcome news that
the first and second volumes of a new and cheaper
edition, and which comprise the lives of all our female
sovereigns, from ^Matilda of Flanders to the unfor-
tunate Anne Boleyn, are now ready ; and will be
followed month by month by the remaining six. At
the close of the work, we may take an opportunity of
examining the causes of the great popularity which it
has attained.
Mr. M. A. Lower has just published a small volume
of antiquarian gossip, under the title of Contributions
to Literature, Historical, Antiquarian, and Metrical, in
which he discourses pleasantly on Local Nomenclature,
the Battle of Hastings, the Iron Works of the South-
East of England, the South Downs, Genealogy, and
many kindred subjects; and tries his hand, by no
means unsuccessfully, at some metrical versions of old
Sussex legends. Several of the papers have already
appeared in print, but they serve to make up a volume
which will give the lover of popular antiquities an
evening's pleasant reading.
We beg to call the attention of our readers to the
opportunity which will be afforded them on Wed-
nesday next of hearing Mr. Layard lecture on his
recent Discoveries at Nineveh. As they will see by the
advertisement in our present Number^ Mr. Layard has
undertaken to do so for the purpose of contributing to
the schools and other parochial charities of the poor
but densely populated district of St. Thomas, Stepney.
BOOKS RECEIVED. Mantell's Geological Excursions
round the Isle of Wight, r. This reprint of one of the
many valuable contributions to geological knowledge
M$r the late lamented Dr. Mantell, forms the new vo-
lume of Bohn's Scientific Library. Retrospective Re-
view, No. VI., containing interesting articles on Dray-
ton, Lambarde, Penn, Leland, and other writers of
note in English literature. Dr. Lardner's Museum of
FEB. 18. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
163
Science and Art, besides a farther portion of the in-
quiry, " The Planets, are they inhabited Worlds ? "
contains essays on latitudes and longitudes, lunar in-
fluences, and meteoric stones and shooting stars.
Gibbon's Rome, with Variorum Notes, Vol. II. In a
notice prefixed to the present volume, which is one of
Mr. Bonn's series of British Classics, the publisher,
after describing the advantages of the present edition
as to print, paper, editing, &c., observes : "The pub-
lisher of the unmutilated edition of Humboldt's
Cosmos hopes he has placed himself beyond the sus-
picion of mutilating Gibbon."
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ta
J. B. WHITBORNE. Where shall we address a letter to this
Correspondent f
OXFORD JEU D'ESPRIT. We hope next week to lay before our
Oxford friends a reprint of a clever jeu d'esprit, which amused
the University some five- and- thirty years since.
B. H. C. Will this Correspondent, who states (p. 136.) that he
has found the termination -by in Sussex, be good enough to state
the place to which he refers f
C. C. The ballad of " Fair Rosamond " is printed in Percy's
Reliques, in the Pictorial Book of British Ballads, and many
other places ; but the lines quoted by our Correspondent
" With that she dash'd her on the mouth,
And dyed a double wound "
do not occur in it.
T. <$. Biographical notices of the author of Drunken Barnaby
will be found in Chalmers' 1 and Rose's Dictionaries. The best
account of Richard Brathwait is that by Joseph Haslewood, pre-
fixed to his edition of Barnabffi Itinerarium. Gurnatt has been
noticed in our Sixth Volume, pp. 414. 544.
W. FRASER. Bishop Atterbury's portrait, drawn by Kneller,
and engraved by Vertue, is prefixed to vol. i. of the Bishop's Ser-
mons and Discourses, edit. 1735. The portrait is an oval medal-
lion ; face round, nose prominent, with large eye-brows, double
chin, and a high expansive forehead, features regular and pleasant,
and indicative of intellect. He is drawn in his episcopal habit,
with a full-dress curled wig , beneath are his arms, surmounted
by the mitre.
I. R. R. The song " the golden days of good Queen Bess ! "
will be found in The British Orpheus, a Selection of Songs and
Airs, p. 274., with the music.
TRENCH ON PROVERBS. We cannot possibly find space for any
farther discussion of the translation o/Ps. cxxvii. 2.
BLOMEFIELD'S NORFOLK Gentlemen who possess a copy of this
work will be kind enough to write to John Nurse Chadwick,
Solicitor, King's Lynn, Norfolk, stating the fad, with their names
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PROFESSOR HUNT'S Letter shall appear next week. We can
well understand how a gentleman, who labours so assiduously in
his scientific investigations, can have little time and feel little anxi-
ety to produce merely pretty pictures. We are glad that the question
was asked (we are sure only in a friendly spirit); and our photo-
graphic readers will be as glad to hear that an enlarged edition of
Professor Hunt's Researches on Light may soon be expected.
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164
NOTES AND QUERIES.
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ition,
CONTENTS.
.NOTES : Page
Lesends and Superstitions respecting
Bees 167
Oxford Jeu d'Esprit - - , 168
Ansareys in Mount Lebanon - - 169
Primers of the Reign of Queen Eliza-
beth, by the Rev. T. Lathbury- - 170
MINOR NOTES : Objective and Sub-
jective Lucy Walters, the Duke of
Monmouth's Mother General Hay-
nau's Corpse " Isolated " _ Office
of Sexton held by One Family Sen-
tentious Despatches Reprints sug-
gested 170
QUERIES :
Pictures from Lord Vane's Collection - 171
Burial-place of Thurstan, Archbishop
of York, by George Fox - - 172
MINOR QUERIES : Admiral Hopson
"Three cats sat," &c. Herbert's
'Church Porch" Ancient Tenure
of Lands Dramatic Works Devreux
Bowly " Corruptio optimi," &c.
Lamenther Sheriff of Somersetshire
in 1765 Edward Brerewood Eliza-
beth Seymour Longfellow Fresick
and Freswick Has Execution by
Hanging been survived ? Maps of
.Dublin _ " The Lounger's Common-
place Book " _ Mount Mill, and the
Fortifications of London " Forms of
Public Meetings " - - - 172
JMiNOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS :
Queen Elizabeth and the Ring _
Lives of English Bishops : Bishop
Burnet Eden Pedigree and Arms
The Gentleman's Calling Obi and
Sols Fystens or Fifteenths - - 175
Hardman's Account of Waterloo - 176
Dates of Births and Deaths of the Pre-
tenders - 177
"Could we with ink," &c., by J. W.
Thomas - - - - - 179
Mackey's Theory of the Earth, by J.
Dawson, &c. - 179
Do Conjunctions join Propositions only ?
by G.Boole - - - - 180
Robert Bloet, by Edward Foss - - 181
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE : A
Hint to the Photographic Society
Test for Nitrate of Silver Professor
Hunt's Photographic Studies Waxed-
paper Pictures The Double Iodide
Solution Dr. Mansell's Process - 181
.&EPLIES TO MINOR QDKRIES : Buona-
parte's Abdication Burton Family
Drainage by Machinery Natto-
chiii and Calchanti " One while I
think," &c. " Spires 'whose silent
finger points to heaven ' "Dr. Elea-
zar Duncon " Marriage is such a
rabble rout" Cambridge Mathe-
matical Questions -Reversible Mas-
uhne Names The Man in the
Moon Arms of Richard, King of the
R< mans _ Brothers with the same
Christian Name _ Arch-priest in the
Diocese of Exeter, &c. - - - 183
MISCELLANEOUS :
Books and Odd Volumes wanted - 187
Notices to Correspondents - . 187
VOL. IX No. 226.
TNSTRUCTION IN ART,
|_ General and Special, as afforded at the
SCHOOLS of the DEPARTMENT of
SCIENCE and ART, at MARLBORO UGH
HOUSE, Pall Mall, London. The School
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II. SPECIAL CLASSES for TECHNICAL
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A Class also meets at Gore House, Kensing-
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9. DISTRICT SCHOOLS OF ART, in con-
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Evening (except Saturday) from 7 to 9'30. En-
trance Fee, 2. Admission, 2s. and 3s. per
month. The instruction comprise* Practical
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At 1. and 2. Schools there are Female Classes.
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LYON PL A YF AIR,} Secretaries.
166
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 226.
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NOTES AND QUEKIES.
167
LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1854.
LEGENDS AND SUPERSTITIONS RESPECTING BEES
The Vicar of Morwenstow, among the beautiful j
poems to be found in his Echoes from Old Corn- j
wall, has one entitled "A Legend of the Hive :" it j
commences
" Behold those winged images !
Bound for their evening bowers ;
They are the nation of the bees,
Born from the breath of flowers :
Strange people are they ; a mystic race
In life, and food, and dwelling-place !"
As another poet has sung :
" His quidam signis, atque haec exempla secuti,
Esse Apibus partem Divines mentis et haustus
JEtherios dixere."
Mr. Hawker's Legend is to this effect : A Cornish
woman, one summer, finding her bees refused to
leave their " cloistered home," and " ceased to
play around the cottage flowers," concealed a
portion of the Holy Eucharist which she obtained
at church :
" She bore it to her distant home,
She laid it by the hive
To lure the wanderers forth to roam,
That so her store might thrive ;
'Twas a wild wish, a thought unblest,
Some evil legend of the West.
" But lo ! at morning-tide a sign,
For wondering eyes to trace,
They found above that Bread, a shrine
Rear'd by the harmless race !
They brought their walls from bud and flower,
They built bright roof and beamy tower !
" Was it a dream ? or did they hear
Float from those golden cells
A sound, as of some psaltery near,
Or soft and silvery bells ?
A low sweet psalm, that griev'd within
In mournful memory of the sin !"
The following passage from Howell's Parley of
Beasts, Lond. 1660, furnishes a similar legend of
the piety of bees. Bee speaks :
" Know, Sir, that we have also a religion as well as
so exact a government among us here ; our hummings
you speak of are as so many hymns to the Great God
of Nature ; and ther is a miraculous example in Ccesa-
rius Cisterniensis, how som of the Holy Eucharist
being let fall in a medow by a priest, as he was re-
turning from visiting a sick body, a swarm of bees
being hard by took It up, and in a solemn kind of
procession carried It to their hive, and there erected
an altar of the purest wax for It, where It was found
in that form, and untouched." P. 144.
It is remarkable that, in the Septuagint version
of Prov. vi. 8., the bee is introduced after the ant,
and reference is made to r?V epyavlav us
ine?rcu : epyas. ffefji. St. Ambrose translates it ope-
rationem venerabilem ; St. Jerome, opus castum ;
Castalio, augustum opus ; Bochart prefers opus
pretiosum, aut mirabile.*
Pliny has much to say about bees. I shall give
an extract or two in the Old English of Philemon
Holland :
" Bees naturally are many times sick ; and that do
they shew most, evidently: a man shall see it in them
by their heavie looks and by their unlustines to their
businesse : ye shall marke how some will bring forth
others that be sickeand diseased into thewarme sunne,
and be readie to minister unto them and give them
meat. Nay, ye shall have them to carie forth their
dead, and to accompanie the corps full decently, as in a
solemne funerall. If it chaunce that the king be dead
of some pestilent maladie, the commons and subjects
mourne, take thought, and grieve with heavie cheere
and sad countenance : idle they be, and take no joy to
do any thing : they gather in no provision : they march
not forth : onely with a certain doleful humming they
gather round about his corps, and will not away.
" Then requisite it is and necessarie to sever and
part the multitude, and so to take away the bodie from
them : otherwise they would keepe a looking at the
breathlesse carcasse, and never go from it, but still
mone and mourne without end. And even then also
they had need be cherished and comforted with good
victuals, otherwise they would pine away and die with
hunger." Lib. xi. cap. xviii.
" We bury our dead with great solemnity ; at the
king's death there is a generall mourning and fasting,
with a cessation from labour, and we use to go about
his body with a sad murmur for many daies. When
we are sick we have attendants appointed us, and the
symptoms when we be sick are infallible, according to
the honest, plain poet :
* If bees be sick (for all that live must die),
That may be known by signes most certainly ;
Their bodies are discoloured, and their face
Looks wan, which shows that death comes on apace.
They carry forth their dead, and do lament,
Hanging o' th' dore, or in their hives are pent.' "
Howell, p. 138.
Of bees especially the proverb holds good, that
"Truth is stranger than fiction." The discoveries
of Huber, Swammerdam, Reaumur, Latreille,
Bonnet, and other moderns, read more like a
fairy-tale than anything else, and yet the subject
is far from being exhausted. At the same time
modern naturalists have substantiated the accu-
racy of the ancients in many statements which
were considered ridiculous fables. The ancients
* The bee is praised for her pious labours in the
offices of the Roman Church, " as the unconscious
contributor of the substance of her paschal light."
" Alitur enim liquantibus ceris, quas in substantiam
pretiosae hujus lampadis Mater Apis eduxit." Office
of Holy Saturday.
168
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 226.
anticipated its so far as even to have used glass
hives, for the purpose of observing the wonderful
proceedings of this winged nation. Bochart,
quoting an old writer, says :
" Fecit illis Aristoteles Alveare Vitreum, ut intro-
spiceret, qua ratione ad opus se accingerent. Sed ab-
nuerunt quidquam operari, donee interiora vitri luto
oblevisset." Hierozoicon, Lond. 1663, folio, Part n.
p. 514.
ElRIONNACH.
OXFORD JEU D'ESPRIT.
The following jeu $ esprit appeared at Oxford
in 1819 : printed, not published, but laid simul-
taneously on the tables of all the Common Rooms.
No author's name was attached to it then, and
therefore no attempt is now made to supply this
deficiency by conjecture. Since the attention of
the discerning public has lately ^been directed
towards the University of Oxford, probably with
the expectation of finding some faults in her
system of education, it is possible that some of
those who are engaged or interested in that in-
quiry may be amused and instructed by the
good sense, humour, logic, and Latinity of this
satire.
" ERUDITIS OXONI^E AMANT1BUS SALUTEM.
" Acerrimis vestrum omnium judiciis permittitur
conspectus, sive syllabus, libri breviter edendi, et e
Prelo Academico, si Diis, i. e. Delegatis, placet, pro-
dituri : in quo multa dictu et notatu dignissima a
tenebris et tineis vindicantur ; multa ad hujusce loci
instituta et disciplinam pertinentia agitantur ; plurima
quae Academic famam et dignitatem spectant fuse
admodum et libere tractantur et explicantur. Sub-
jiciuntur operis illustrandi ergo capitum quorundam
Argumenta.
1. ^Elfredi magni somnium de Sociis omnibus Aca-
demicis ad Episcopatum promovendis :
With suppliant smiles they bend the head,
While distant mitres to their eyes are spread.'
Byron.
Opus egregium perutile perjucundum ex membranis
vetustissimis detritis tertium rescriptis, solertia plus
quain Angelo-Maiana, nuperrime redintegratum.
2. DevorguillcB, Balliolensibus semper carissimas,
pudicitia laborans vindicatur.
3. Contra Kilnerum et Mertonenses disputatur,
Pytbagoram Cantabrigiae nunquam docuisse :
'Ea7raTj'Tt p.v6oi.' Find.
4. Wiccamici publicis examinationibus liberi, sibi et
reipublicae rtocentes.
5. Magdalenenses semper aedificaturientes nihil
agunt :
' Implentur veteris Bacchi.' Virg.
6. Orielensibus, ingenio, ut ipsi aiunt, exundantibus,
Aula B. M. V. malevole denegatur :
< Barbara Celarent Darii.' Ars Logica.
7. De reditibus annuis Decani et Canonicorum
^Edis Christi, sive de libris Canonicis.
8. Quaestiones duae : An Alumni JEdis Christi jure
fiant Canonic! ? An Alumni .iEdis Christi re-verd
fiant Canonic! ?
9. Respondetur serenissimae Archiducissae de Ol-
denburg quaerenti :
What do the Fellows of All-Souls do ?'
10. E Collegio ^Enei Nasi legati Stamfordiam
missi Nasum ilium celeberrimum, Collegii firuvvp-ov,
solemni pompa Oxoniam asportant.
11. Nummi ad ornandam faciem occidentalem Col-
legii Lincolniensis erogati unde comparati fuerint ?
' Lucri bonus est odor ex re
Qualibet.' Juv.
1 2. Note. The original beading of this chapter
was altered in a later edition, and therefore is not re-
printed here.
13. Ex Societatibus caeteris ejectos Aula S. Albani
pessimo exemplo ad se recipit :
Facilis descensus Averni.' Virg.
14. De Golgotha et de Golgothitis.
1 5. Praelectores an Praelectiones numero sint plures.
16. Viro venera&ili S. T. P. R. praelegente pecunia
a clientibus sordide admodum exigitur.
17. Magistri in Venerabili domo Convocationis
necessario adsistentes more Attico rb TpieaSo\ov reci-
pere debent.
18. De Academicorum in Venerabili domo Convo-
cationis sedentium podicibus igneo quodam vapore
calefaciendis :
' Placetne vobis Magistri?' & oel Vice- Can.]
19. De viris clarissimis Bibliothecae Bodleianse Cu-
ratoribus.
'Scene II. Enter Quince the Carpenter, Snug
the Joiner, Bottom the Weaver, Flute the
Bellows-mender, Snout the Tinker, and Starve-
ling the Tailor.
Quince. Is all our company complete ? '
Shakspeare.
20. De matulis in Bibliotheca studentibus copiosius
suppeditandis :
' 'A/tls yap fy o6pijTid(n}5 CUT);"
ITapti crol Kpe/j.T)ffcTai tyyvs tirl rov iraTToXou.'
Aristophanes.
21. De Bibliothecario et ejus adjutoribus.
' Captain. What are you about, Dick ?
Dick. Nothing, Sir.
Captain. Thomas, what are you doing?
Thomas. Helping Dick, Sir.'
22. Examinantur Examinatores.'
23. Cuinam eorum Doctoris Planissimi cognomen
jure optimo concedendum sit.
24. De Dodd.
FEB. 25. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
169
25. De Magistris Scholarum.
* Who made that wond'rous animal a Soph ?'
Oxford Spy.
26. Baccalaurei ad Clepsydram determinantes.
' Nor stop, but rattle over every word,
No matter what, so it can not be heard.'
Byron.
27. De Vocum Great-go, Little-go, By-go, in con-
cione quadam nupera perperam felici usu.
'"ETJ rb ainb vitoKopi^aQai" tern Se viroKopi(rp.l>s os
eAarroy no'iei K. r. \. fi>\ae'ia6ai e 8e?.' Aristotle.
28. De statua matrons venerabilis TTJS Goose nuper
defuncts in media Scholarum areii collocanda.
29. De statutorum nostrorum simplici perspicuitate.
v re /col aT\fvraiov rb Trap.'
Ephraim Jenkins, apud the Vicar of Wakejleld.
30. An Procuratorum pedissequi recte nominentur
Bull-dogs ?
3J. De passere intra Templum B. Marias concionan-
tibus obstrepente per statutum coercendo.
* *fl Zeu jScurtAeG rov (^Qey^aros rovpviQiov.'
32. Typographium Clarendonianum famaj Univer-
sitatis male consulit, dura Cornelium Nepotem et alios,
id genus, libellos, in usum Scholarum imprimit.
4 Fama malum.' Virg.
* Quserenda pecunia primum.' Horat.
33. De celeberrima Matrona Knibbs ex Horatii
mente deificanda.
* Divina tomacula porci.'
34. Exemplo viri clarissimi Joannis Gutch pro-
batur mortales errori obnoxios esse.
35. Petitur ut memoria viri prosapia ingenio et
moribus spectatissimi Gulielmi Stuart oratione annua
celebretur.
' Integer vitae scelerisque purus.' Hor.
' The merry poacher who defies his God.'
Oxford Spy.
36. Oxonia novo lumine vestita, gaudent Baljense
Atlanticas, exulant meretrices, Procuratores otio ene-
cantur.
' Jam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna.' Virg.
37. Probatur Bedellum Academicum vero et ge-
nuino sensu esse qunrtum Pra?dicabile ; quippe qui
comes adsit Vice-Cancellario omni soli et semper.
Doctissimus tamen Higgenbrockius Differentiam po-
tius esse putat, cujus ha?c sunt verba :
Bedellus est de Vice-Cancellarii Essentia,
Nee potest dispensari cum absentia :
Nam sicat forma dat Esse Rei,
Sic Esse dat Bedellus ei.'
Nee errat forsan vir clarissimus, si enim Collegii
cujusvis Prasfectum (genus) recte dividat Bedellus
adstans (Differentia), fit illico Species optata. Dominus
Vice- Can.
38. Tutorum et Examinatorum Oxoniensium pe-
titio Mediolanum transmissa, ut Auctorum deperdi-
torum restitutor nequissimus Angelus Maius, iste
male feriatus, oculis et virilibus mulctetur.
39. Statute quamprimum cautum sit, idque sub
prenis gravissimis, ne quis ad Universitatis privilegia
admissus auctoris cujuspiam libros feliciter deperditos
invenire audeat, inventos hue asportet, imprimat, im-
primendos curet, denique impresses legat.
Haec sunt et horum similia, Academic!, qua? favore
et Auspiciis vestris auctor sibi evolvenda destinat. Ei
investigandi taedium, vobis delectatio, adsit, et honos
et gloria. In quantam molem assurgat materies tarn
varia tarn augusta non est in prtesenti ut pro certo
aflfirmetur. Spes est, ut omnia rite collecta, in ordinem
breviter et eyKVK\oivat5LKcas redacta, voluminibus, form 3,
quam vocant ' Elephant- Quarto,' non plusquam tri-
ginta contineantur.
Omnes igitur qui famam aut Academias aut suam
salvam velint, moras excutiant, Bibliopolam nostrum
integerrimum prassto adeant, symbolas conferant, dent
nomina, ut hanc saltern a nobis immortalitatem conse-
quantur, alia fortasse carituri."
J. B. 0.
Loughborough.
ANSAREYS IN MOUNT LEBANON.
In the romance of Tancred, Mr. D'Israeli
mentions the Ansareys, one of the tribes of Le-
banon, as worshipping the old heathen gods,
Jupiter, Apollo, and Astarte, or Venus. A
writer of fiction is certainly not expected to be
bound to fact ; but in such a matter as the present
religion of an existing people, I feel doubtful
whether to suppose this religion his own invention,
or if he has any authority for it, and its connexion,
with pagan Antioch. A people of to-day retaining
the worship of the old gods of Greece and Syria,
is a matter of great interest. I have looked into
Volney's Travels in Syria, and Egypt, and in some
later writers, but none of them state the paganism
of Tancred to be the religion of the Ansareys.
It is, however, said to be a mystery, so not impos-
sibly the account in Tancred may be the reality.
In the same work, the Sheikhs of Sheikhs, and
his tribe, the Beni-Rechab children of Rechab,
are said to be Jews on horseback, inhabiting the
desert, and resembling the wandering Arabs in
their mode of life. This also is curious, if there
be such a people ; and some of your readers ac-
quainted with the history and manners of Syria
may give information on these matters. The
other tribes of Lebanon are singular and equally
interesting : the Maronites, Christians of the
Roman Catholic sect, who, however, allow their
priests to marry ; the Metualis, Mahoinedans of
the sect of AH ; and the Druses, whose religion is
unknown, and, as Lamartine tells us, was entirely
so to Lady Hester Stanhope, who lived years in
the middle of them. Volney divides the Ansareys
170
NOTES AND QUERIES.
[No. 226.
in several sects, of whom one worshipped the sun,
another a dog, and a third had an obscene worship,
with such lewd nocturnal meetings as were fabled
of the Yesedee. F.
PRIMERS OF THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.
Little is known respecting the Primers *of this
reign, and yet several editions were published.
My object will be to give some information on the
subject, in the hope that more may be elicited from
your correspondents.
There is an edition of the year 1559, 4to. Two
copies only are known at present ; one in the li-
brary at Christ Church, Oxford, and the other at
Jesus College, Cambridge. It has been reprinted
by the Parker Society. This Primer contains
certain prayers for the dead, as they stand in that
of Henry VIII., 1545. In short, with the ex-
ception of " An Order for Morning Prayer," with
which it commences, this Primer follows the ar-
rangement of that of 1545 ; some things, relative
to saints, angels, and the Virgin Mary, having
been excluded.
But I have in my possession another edition in
12mo. of this reign, of which I can trace no other
copy. My book wants the title, and consequently
I cannot ascertain its date. It was formerly in
(rough's possession, lam inclined to think that
it is earlier than the edition reprinted by the
Parker Society.
Unlike the book of 1559, mine commences with
the Catechism, but the subsequent arrangement is
the same. The differences, when any exist, con-
sist in a more literal following of the Primer of
1545. The Prayers for the Dead are retained as
in the book of 1559. The Graces, also, are more
numerous in my edition, and some of them are
not found even in King Henry's book. One con-
sists of an address, as from the master of the
family, with an answer from the other members.
In some respects this is similar to a form in King
Edward's Primer, while in others it is altogether
different. At the close of the Graces, the book of
1559 has the words " God save our Queen and
Realm," while in my edition the reading is the
same as in the book of 1545, "Lorde, save thy
Churche, our Quene, and Realme," &c.
In " The Dirige " there is a very singular va-
riation. In 1559 we find "Ego Dixi, Psalm
Esaie xxxviii.;" in 1545 it is only " Esa. xxxviii. ; "
in that of 1546 the form is " Ego Dixi, Psal. Esa.
xxxviii.;" and my edition has " Ego Dixi, Psal.
xxxv.," being different from all the rest.
Some curious typographical errors are also
found in my edition. In the Catechism the word
king is substituted for queen. In the third pe-
tition in the Litany for the Queen, we have " That
it may please thee to be hys defendour, and
gevinge hym," &c. ; yet in the previous clauses
the pronoun is correctly used. It would seem
that the printer had the Primer of 1545 or 1546
before him, and that in these cases he followed
his copy without making the necessary alterations.
Such are the more remarkable differences be-
tween my edition and that of 1559.
There is a Primer of this reign in the Bodleian,
quite different from mine and that of 1559. In
this the Prayers for the Dead are expunged, and
the character of the book is altogether dissimilar.
Two copies of this book exist in the Bodleian,
which have been usually regarded as different
editions. From a careful examination, however,
I have ascertained that they are the same edition.
One copy has the title, with the date 1566 on the
woodcut border ; the other wants the title, but
has the colophon, bearing the date 1575. The
latter is the true date of the book, and the date
on the title is merely that of some other book, for
which the compartment had been used in 1566.
Such variations are common with early books. I
have several volumes bearing an earlier date on
the title than in the colophon. Thus, the first
edition of Sir Thomas Elyot's Castle of Health has
1534 on the title, and 1539 in the colophon. The
latter was the true date. It may be remarked
that the two books in the Bodleian of 1575 will
together make up a perfect copy.
Some of your correspondents may be able to
mention another copy of the edition which I
possess. I am very anxious to discover another.
THOMAS LATHBURY.
Bristol.
Objective and Subjective. I tried, a little while
ago, to show in your pages that this antithesis,
though not a good pair of terms, is intelligible,
and justified by good English usage. But I must
allow that the writers who use these terms, do all
that is possible to put those who justify them in
the wrong. In a French work at least, recently
published, I find what appears to me a curious
application of the corresponding words in that
language. M. Auguste Comte, in the preface
to the third volume of his Systeme de Politique
Positive, speaks of some of his admirers who had
by their " cotisations," or contributions, supported
him while he was writing the work ; and he par-
ticularly celebrates one of them, Mr. Wallace, an
American, adding :
" Devenu jusqu'ici le principal de mes souscrip-
teurs, Wallace a perpetue subjectivement son patro-
nage objectif, en me leguanl une annuite de cinq cent
francs."
I must confess that the metaphysics according to
which a sum paid by a living man is objectif, and
a legacy subjectif, is beyond my depth.
FEB. 25. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
171
While I write, as if writers of all kinds were |
resolved to join in perplexing the use of these un-
fortunate words, I read in a journal, " objective
discussion, in the sense of hostile or adverse dis-
cussion, discussion which proposed objections." I
think this is hard upon the word, and unfair
usage of it. W.
Lucy Walters, the Duke of Monmouth's Mother.
The death of this unfortunate woman is usually
stated to have taken place at Paris. The date is
not given, and the authority cited is John Evelyn.
But Evelyn's words have been misunderstood.
He says, speaking of the Duke of Monniouth's j
execution :
I
" His mother, whose name was Barlow, daughter of I
some very mean creatures, was a beautiful strumpet,
whom I had often seen at Paris; she died miserably,
without anything to bury her." Diary, July 15,1685.
This passage surely does not imply that she died
at Paris ? In the Parish Registers of Hammer-
smith is the following entry :
" 1683, June 5, Lucy Walters bur."
which I am fully persuaded records the death of
one of King Charles's quondam mistresses.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
; . General Haynau 's Corpse. A most extraor-
dinary account has reached us in a private letter
from Vienna to a high personage here, and has
been the talk of our salons for the last few days.
It appears that the circumstance of the death of
General Haynau presented a phenomenon of the
most awful kind on record. For many days after
death the warmth of life yet lingered in the right
arm and left leg of the corpse, which remained
limpid and moist, even bleeding slightly when
pricked. No delusion, notwithstanding, could be
maintained as to the reality of death, for the other
parts of the body were completely mortified, and
interment became necessary before the two limbs
above mentioned had become either stiff or cold.
The writer of the letter mentioned that this strange
circumstance has produced the greatest awe in
the minds of those who witnessed it, and that the
emperor had been so impressed with it, that his
physicians had forbidden the subject to be alluded
to in his presence. Query, Can the above sin-
gular statement be verified ? It was copied from
a French paper, immediately after the decease of
General Haynau was known in Paris. W. W.
Malta.
" Isolated" This word was not in use at the
commencement of the eighteenth century, as is
evident from the following expression of Lord
Bolingbroke's :
" The events we are witnesses of in the course of the
longest life appear to us very often original, unpre-
pared, single, and unrelative ; if I may use such a word
for want of a better in English. In French, I would
say isoles."
The only author quoted by Richardson is
Stewart. R. CART BARNARD.
Malta.
Office of Sexton held by One Family. The
following obituary, copied from the Derbyshire
Advertiser of Jan. 27, 1854, contains so extraor-
dinary an account of the holding of the office of
sexton by one family, that it may interest some of
your readers, and may be difficult to be surpassed.
" On Jan. 23, 1 854,
Bramwell, sexton of the
le- Frith. The deceased
forty-three years ; Peter
years; George Bramwell,
years ; George Bramwell,
years ; Peter Bramwell,
fifty-two years : total 223
aged eighty-six, Mr. Peter
parish church of Chapel-en-
served the office of sexton
Bramwell, his father, fifty
his grandfather, thirty-eight
his great-grandfather, forty
his great-great-grandfather,
years."
S. G. C.
Sententious Despatches (Vol. viii., p. 490. ; Vol.
ix., p. 20.). In addition to the sententious dis-
patches referred to above, please note the follow-
ing. It was sent to the Emperor Nicholas by one
of his generals, and is a very good specimen of
Russian double entendres :
" Folia Fascha, a Varschavoo vsiat nemogoo."
" Folia is your's, but Warsaw I cannot take."
Also,
" Your will is all-powerful, but Warsaw I cannot
take." * * * *
J. S. A.
Old Broad Street.
Reprints suggested. As you have opened a list
of suggested reprints in the pages of " N. & Q.,"
may I be allowed to remark that some of Peter
Heylin's works would be well worth reprinting.
There is a work of which few know the value,
but yet a work of the greatest importance, I mean
Dr. O'Connor's Letters of Columbanus. A care-
fully edited and well annotated edition of this
scarce work would prove of greater value than
any reprint I can think of. MARICONDA.
PICTURES FROM LORD VANE'S COLLECTION.
My family became possessed of six fine por-
traits at the death of Lord Vane, husband to that
lady of unenviable notoriety, a sketch of whose
life (presented by her own hand to the author) is
inserted, under the title " Adventures of a Lady of
Quality," in Peregrine Pickle. I quote from my
172
NOTES AND QUEKIES.
[No. 226.
relation who knew the facts.* Lord Vane was the
last of his race, and died at Fairlawn, Kent,
probably about the latter half of the last century .f
The successor to his fortune selected a few pic-
tures, and left the remaining, of which mine
formed a part, to his principal agent. Amateurs
say they are by Sir Peter Lely : a fact I should
be glad to establish. I have searched Windsor
Castle, Hampton Court, and Knowle Park collec-
tions in vain for duplicates.
No. 1. is a young man in what appears to be a
court dress, exhibiting armour beneath the folds
of the drapery. Point lace neck-tie. 2. Do., in
brocaded silk and fringed dress. Point lace neck-
tie and ruffles. A spaniel introduced, climbing
up his knee. 3. A youth sitting under a tree,
with pet lamb. Point lace neck-tie and ruffles,
but of simple dress. 4. A lady in flowing dra-
pery. Pearls in her hair and round her neck,
sitting under a tree. An orange blossom in her
hand. 5. A lady seated in an apartment with
marble columns. Costume similar to No. 4, minus
the pearls in the hair. A kind of wreath in her
hand. 6. A lady in simple, flowing drapery,
without jewellery, save a broach or clasp on her
left shoulder ; holding a flower in her right hand.
In all, the background is very dark, but trees and
buildings can be traced through the gloom. The
hands are models, and beautifully painted. Size of
pictures, divested of their carved and gilt frames,
four feet two inches by three feet four inches. If
any of your readers can, from this description,
give me any clue to the name of the artist, it will
greatly oblige and be duly appreciated by an
elderly spinster. S. D.
BURIAL-PLACE OF THURSTAN, ARCHBISHOP OP
YORK.
The church of All Saints, in Pontefract, county
York, was some years ago partly restored for divine
worship ; and during the progress of the works, a
broken slab was discovered in the chancel part of
the church, upon which was cut an archiepiscopal
cross, extending from the top apparently to the
bottom. On the upper part of the stone, and on
each side of the cross, was a circle or ring cut
[* A correspondent in the Gentleman's Magazine for
May, 1789, p. 403., who was* intimately acquainted
with Lord and Lady Vane, states that " though Dr.
Smollet was as willing as he was able to embellish his
works with stories marvellous, yet he did not dress up
Lady Vane's story of her Lord. She wrote it as well
as she could herself, and Dr. Shebbeare put it in its
present form at her ladyship's request."
f Lord Vane died April 5, 1789, at his house in
Downing Street, Westminster. He was great-grand-
son of that inflexible republican, Sir Henry Vane,
executed on Tower Hill, June 14, 1662. ED.]
down the middle by a dagger ; and bearing on the
circle the following inscription in Old English
characters :
" * tit . jjotr . ttf . all."
In the middle of the stone, and on each side of
the cross, also appear a shield emblazoned with a
rabbit or coney sejant.*
Beneath this part appears the commencement of
the inscription, which seems to have run across
the surface of the stone, " Orate pro anim . . . ."
Here the stone is broken across, and the lower
part not found.
Can any of your numerous readers inform me
if this stone could possibly be the tombstone of
Thurstan, Archbishop of York ? It is said that he
resigned the see of York after holding it twenty-
six years :
" Being old and sickly, he would have been made a
monk of Pontefract, but he had scarcely put off his
pontifical robes, and put on his monk's dress, when
death came upon him and made him assume his grave-
clothes ; for he survived but eleven days after his
resignation, dying Feb. 5, 1140."
Thurstan is stated to have been buried in the
Monastery ; but may he not have been buried in
the church of All Saints, which was the conven-
tual church of tlje Priory of St. John the Evan-
gelist, and was situated adjoining the Grange, the
site of the Priory ? In the bull of Pope Celestine,
" right of burial in this church was granted to
the monks, saving the privileges of neighbouring
churches." (Ch. de Pontif. fol. 8. a.)
GEORGE Fox.
Admiral Hopson. In Tomkins' History of the
Isle of Wight (1796), vol. ii. p. 123., an anecdote
is told of a native of Bonchurch named Hobson,
who afterwards became Admiral Hobson. It is
mentioned that he was an orphan, bound appren-
tice to a tailor; and that being struck with the sight
of a squadron of ships off the Isle of Wight, he
rowed off in a boat to them, and was received OIL
the admiral's ship; that the next day, in an engage-
ment with the French, when his ship was engaged
yard-arm and yard-arm with the enemy, he
climbed up the mast, clambered to the enemy's
yard-arm, mounted to the top-gallant mast, and
took down the flag. This created consternation in*
the enemy, who were soon defeated. Hobson was
* In N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 19., I find, under the
head of " Wylcotes Brass," an answer to the inscription,
" In . on . is . all ; " and as the inscription on the tomb-
stone discovered in All Saints, Pontefract, was very
legibly written " In God is all," may not one family
be a branch of the other ? Can you say where the
quotation is from ?
FEB. 25. 1854.]
NOTES AND QUERIES.
173
promoted to be an officer, and ultimately became
an admiral.
This is the story as told by Tomkins. I wish
lo know what was his authority.
Consulting Chernoch's Lives of the Admirals, I
find mention of Admiral Sir Thomas Hopson, a
native of Bonchurch ; who ran away from his
parents, and did not return to his home till he
was an admiral. This Sir Thos. Hopson was made
second lieutenan 
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